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| Evolutionary Anthropology : All Publications (in the database)
List most recent publications in the database. :chronological alphabetical combined listing:
%% Alberts, Susan C.
@article{fds376231,
Author = {Anderson, JA and Lin, D and Lea, AJ and Johnston, RA and Voyles, T and Akinyi, MY and Archie, EA and Alberts, SC and Tung,
J},
Title = {DNA methylation signatures of early-life adversity are
exposure-dependent in wild baboons.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {121},
Number = {11},
Pages = {e2309469121},
Publisher = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
Year = {2024},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2309469121},
Abstract = {The early-life environment can profoundly shape the
trajectory of an animal's life, even years or decades later.
One mechanism proposed to contribute to these early-life
effects is DNA methylation. However, the frequency and
functional importance of DNA methylation in shaping
early-life effects on adult outcomes is poorly understood,
especially in natural populations. Here, we integrate
prospectively collected data on fitness-associated variation
in the early environment with DNA methylation estimates at
477,270 CpG sites in 256 wild baboons. We find highly
heterogeneous relationships between the early-life
environment and DNA methylation in adulthood: aspects of the
environment linked to resource limitation (e.g., low-quality
habitat, early-life drought) are associated with many more
CpG sites than other types of environmental stressors (e.g.,
low maternal social status). Sites associated with early
resource limitation are enriched in gene bodies and putative
enhancers, suggesting they are functionally relevant.
Indeed, by deploying a baboon-specific, massively parallel
reporter assay, we show that a subset of windows containing
these sites are capable of regulatory activity, and that,
for 88% of early drought-associated sites in these
regulatory windows, enhancer activity is DNA
methylation-dependent. Together, our results support the
idea that DNA methylation patterns contain a persistent
signature of the early-life environment. However, they also
indicate that not all environmental exposures leave an
equivalent mark and suggest that socioenvironmental
variation at the time of sampling is more likely to be
functionally important. Thus, multiple mechanisms must
converge to explain early-life effects on fitness-related
traits.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2309469121},
Key = {fds376231}
}
@article{fds372757,
Author = {Levy, EJ and Lee, A and Long'ida Siodi and I and Helmich, EC and McLean,
EM and Malone, EJ and Pickard, MJ and Ranjithkumar, R and Tung, J and Archie, EA and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Early life drought predicts components of adult body size in
wild female baboons.},
Journal = {American journal of biological anthropology},
Volume = {182},
Number = {3},
Pages = {357-371},
Year = {2023},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24849},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>In many taxa, adverse early-life
environments are associated with reduced growth and smaller
body size in adulthood. However, in wild primates, we know
very little about whether, where, and to what degree
trajectories are influenced by early adversity, or which
types of early adversity matter most. Here, we use
parallel-laser photogrammetry to assess inter-individual
predictors of three measures of body size (leg length,
forearm length, and shoulder-rump length) in a population of
wild female baboons studied since birth.<h4>Materials and
methods</h4>Using >2000 photogrammetric measurements of 127
females, we present a cross-sectional growth curve of wild
female baboons (Papio cynocephalus) from juvenescence
through adulthood. We then test whether females exposed to
several important sources of early-life adversity-drought,
maternal loss, low maternal rank, or a cumulative measure of
adversity-were smaller for their age than females who
experienced less adversity. Using the "animal model," we
also test whether body size is heritable in this study
population.<h4>Results</h4>Prolonged early-life drought
predicted shorter limbs but not shorter torsos (i.e.,
shoulder-rump lengths). Our other measures of early-life
adversity did not predict variation in body size.
Heritability estimates for body size measures were 36%-67%.
Maternal effects accounted for 13%-17% of the variance in
leg and forearm length, but no variance in torso
length.<h4>Discussion</h4>Our results suggest that baboon
limbs, but not torsos, grow plastically in response to
maternal effects and energetic early-life stress. Our
results also reveal considerable heritability for all three
body size measures in this study population.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.24849},
Key = {fds372757}
}
@article{fds374187,
Author = {Lange, EC and Griffin, M and Fogel, AS and Archie, EA and Tung, J and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Environmental, sex-specific and genetic determinants of
infant social behaviour in a wild primate.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {290},
Number = {2011},
Pages = {20231597},
Year = {2023},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.1597},
Abstract = {Affiliative social bonds are linked to fitness components in
many social mammals. However, despite their importance,
little is known about how the tendency to form social bonds
develops in young animals, or if the timing of development
is heritable and thus can evolve. Using four decades of
longitudinal observational data from a wild baboon
population, we assessed the environmental determinants of an
important social developmental milestone in baboons-the age
at which a young animal first grooms a conspecific-and we
assessed how the rates at which offspring groom their
mothers develops during the juvenile period. We found that
grooming development differs between the sexes: female
infants groom at an earlier age and reach equal rates of
grooming with their mother earlier than males. We also found
that age at first grooming for both sexes is weakly
heritable (<i>h</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.043, 95% CI:
0.002-0.110). These results show that sex differences in
grooming emerge at a young age; that strong, equitable
social relationships between mothers and daughters begin
very early in life; and that age at first grooming is
heritable and therefore can be shaped by natural
selection.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2023.1597},
Key = {fds374187}
}
@article{fds371574,
Author = {Tung, J and Lange, EC and Alberts, SC and Archie,
EA},
Title = {Social and early life determinants of survival from cradle
to grave: A case study in wild baboons.},
Journal = {Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews},
Volume = {152},
Pages = {105282},
Year = {2023},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105282},
Abstract = {Field studies of natural mammal populations present powerful
opportunities to investigate the determinants of health and
aging using fine-grained observations of known individuals
across the life course. Here, we synthesize five decades of
findings from one such study: the wild baboons of the
Amboseli ecosystem in Kenya. First, we discuss the profound
associations between early life adversity, adult social
conditions, and key aging outcomes in this population,
especially survival. Second, we review potential mediators
of the relationship between early life adversity and
survival in our population. Notably, our tests of two
leading candidate mediators-social isolation and
glucocorticoid levels-fail to identify a single, strong
mediator of early life effects on adult survival. Instead,
early adversity, social isolation, and glucocorticoids are
independently linked to adult lifespans, suggesting
considerable scope for mitigating the negative consequences
of early life adversity. Third, we review our work on the
evolutionary rationale for early life effects on mortality,
which currently argues against clear predictive adaptive
responses. Finally, we end by highlighting major themes
emerging from the study of sociality, development, and aging
in the Amboseli baboons, as well as important open questions
for future work.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105282},
Key = {fds371574}
}
@article{fds371102,
Author = {Anderson, JA and Lin, D and Lea, AJ and Johnston, RA and Voyles, T and Akinyi, MY and Archie, EA and Alberts, SC and Tung,
J},
Title = {DNA methylation signatures of early life adversity are
exposure-dependent in wild baboons.},
Booktitle = {Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory},
Year = {2023},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.06.05.542485},
Doi = {10.1101/2023.06.05.542485},
Key = {fds371102}
}
@article{fds362962,
Author = {Zeng, S and Lange, EC and Archie, EA and Campos, FA and Alberts, SC and Li,
F},
Title = {A Causal Mediation Model for Longitudinal Mediators and
Survival Outcomes with an Application to Animal
Behavior.},
Journal = {Journal of agricultural, biological, and environmental
statistics},
Volume = {28},
Number = {2},
Pages = {197-218},
Year = {2023},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13253-022-00490-6},
Abstract = {In animal behavior studies, a common goal is to investigate
the causal pathways between an exposure and outcome, and a
mediator that lies in between. Causal mediation analysis
provides a principled approach for such studies. Although
many applications involve longitudinal data, the existing
causal mediation models are not directly applicable to
settings where the mediators are measured on irregular time
grids. In this paper, we propose a causal mediation model
that accommodates longitudinal mediators on arbitrary time
grids and survival outcomes simultaneously. We take a
functional data analysis perspective and view longitudinal
mediators as realizations of underlying smooth stochastic
processes. We define causal estimands of direct and indirect
effects accordingly and provide corresponding identification
assumptions. We employ a functional principal component
analysis approach to estimate the mediator process and
propose a Cox hazard model for the survival outcome that
flexibly adjusts the mediator process. We then derive a
g-computation formula to express the causal estimands using
the model coefficients. The proposed method is applied to a
longitudinal data set from the Amboseli Baboon Research
Project to investigate the causal relationships between
early adversity, adult physiological stress responses, and
survival among wild female baboons. We find that adversity
experienced in early life has a significant direct effect on
females' life expectancy and survival probability, but find
little evidence that these effects were mediated by markers
of the stress response in adulthood. We further developed a
sensitivity analysis method to assess the impact of
potential violation to the key assumption of sequential
ignorability. Supplementary materials accompanying this
paper appear on-line.},
Doi = {10.1007/s13253-022-00490-6},
Key = {fds362962}
}
@article{fds370846,
Author = {Lange, EC and Zeng, S and Campos, FA and Li, F and Tung, J and Archie, EA and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Early life adversity and adult social relationships have
independent effects on survival in a wild
primate.},
Journal = {Science advances},
Volume = {9},
Number = {20},
Pages = {eade7172},
Year = {2023},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ade7172},
Abstract = {Adverse conditions in early life can have negative
consequences for adult health and survival in humans and
other animals. What variables mediate the relationship
between early adversity and adult survival? Adult social
environments represent one candidate: Early life adversity
is linked to social adversity in adulthood, and social
adversity in adulthood predicts survival outcomes. However,
no study has prospectively linked early life adversity,
adult social behavior, and adult survival to measure the
extent to which adult social behavior mediates this
relationship. We do so in a wild baboon population in
Amboseli, Kenya. We find weak mediation and largely
independent effects of early adversity and adult sociality
on survival. Furthermore, strong social bonds and high
social status in adulthood can buffer some negative effects
of early adversity. These results support the idea that
affiliative social behavior is subject to natural selection
through its positive relationship with survival, and they
highlight possible targets for intervention to improve human
health and well-being.},
Doi = {10.1126/sciadv.ade7172},
Key = {fds370846}
}
@article{fds367586,
Author = {Sheldon, BC and Kruuk, LEB and Alberts, SC},
Title = {The expanding value of long-term studies of individuals in
the wild.},
Journal = {Nature ecology & evolution},
Volume = {6},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1799-1801},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {2022},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-022-01940-7},
Doi = {10.1038/s41559-022-01940-7},
Key = {fds367586}
}
@article{fds366647,
Author = {Ellis, S and Johnstone, RA and Cant, MA and Franks, DW and Weiss, MN and Alberts, SC and Balcomb, KC and Benton, CH and Brent, LJN and Crockford,
C and Davidian, E and Delahay, RJ and Ellifrit, DK and Höner, OP and Meniri, M and McDonald, RA and Nichols, HJ and Thompson, FJ and Vigilant, L and Wittig, RM and Croft, DP},
Title = {Patterns and consequences of age-linked change in local
relatedness in animal societies.},
Journal = {Nature ecology & evolution},
Volume = {6},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1766-1776},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {2022},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-022-01872-2},
Abstract = {The ultimate payoff of behaviours depends not only on their
direct impact on an individual, but also on the impact on
their relatives. Local relatedness-the average relatedness
of an individual to their social environment-therefore has
profound effects on social and life history evolution.
Recent work has begun to show that local relatedness has the
potential to change systematically over an individual's
lifetime, a process called kinship dynamics. However, it is
unclear how general these kinship dynamics are, whether they
are predictable in real systems and their effects on
behaviour and life history evolution. In this study, we
combine modelling with data from real systems to explore the
extent and impact of kinship dynamics. We use data from
seven group-living mammals with diverse social and mating
systems to demonstrate not only that kinship dynamics occur
in animal systems, but also that the direction and magnitude
of kinship dynamics can be accurately predicted using a
simple model. We use a theoretical model to demonstrate that
kinship dynamics can profoundly affect lifetime patterns of
behaviour and can drive sex differences in helping and
harming behaviour across the lifespan in social species.
Taken together, this work demonstrates that kinship dynamics
are likely to be a fundamental dimension of social
evolution, especially when considering age-linked changes
and sex differences in behaviour and life
history.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41559-022-01872-2},
Key = {fds366647}
}
@article{fds367246,
Author = {Paietta, EN and Weibel, CJ and Jansen, DA and Mututua, RS and Warutere,
JK and Long'ida Siodi and I and Gesquiere, LR and Obanda, V and Alberts,
SC and Archie, EA},
Title = {Troubled waters: Water availability drives human-baboon
encounters in a protected, semi-arid landscape},
Journal = {Biological Conservation},
Volume = {274},
Year = {2022},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109740},
Abstract = {Most animal habitats are affected by humans. While some
species tolerate and even benefit from these changes, others
suffer. Understanding when and how human-altered landscapes
affect animal behavior, health, reproduction, and survival
is essential to species management in a human-dominated
world. Here we use 27 years of data on human-baboon
encounters in a protected, semi-arid ecosystem in Kenya to:
(i) identify spatial, environmental, and group-level
predictors of baboon encounters with pastoralists; (ii) test
whether human-built water sources alter baboon ranging
patterns; and (iii) test if human encounters are linked to
baboon survival, reproduction, and health. We find that the
primary driver of human-baboon encounters is water
availability. During dry periods, pastoralists migrate into
baboon rangelands, leading to frequent human-baboon
encounters, especially near water wells. Further, the
baboons shift their ranges to encompass newly built wells
and move away from abandoned, dried-up wells. Since 2006, a
third of adult baboon deaths were linked to violent
encounters with humans or their dogs. Human encounters were
also linked to high infant mortality and parasite diversity
in females (but this effect could not be disentangled from
seasonal confounds). For wild baboons, life in protected,
pastoralist conservancies presents a double-edged sword:
human-built wells enable the baboons to access water during
dry periods, but these wells lead to encounters with humans,
which have become a common source of baboon mortality.
Together, our results serve as a comprehensive case study of
anthropogenic effects on wild primates, highlighting the
complex interactions between humans and wildlife in
protected areas.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109740},
Key = {fds367246}
}
@article{fds363713,
Author = {Björk, JR and Dasari, MR and Roche, K and Grieneisen, L and Gould, TJ and Grenier, J-C and Yotova, V and Gottel, N and Jansen, D and Gesquiere,
LR and Gordon, JB and Learn, NH and Wango, TL and Mututua, RS and Kinyua
Warutere, J and Siodi, L and Mukherjee, S and Barreiro, LB and Alberts,
SC and Gilbert, JA and Tung, J and Blekhman, R and Archie,
EA},
Title = {Synchrony and idiosyncrasy in the gut microbiome of wild
baboons.},
Journal = {Nature ecology & evolution},
Volume = {6},
Number = {7},
Pages = {955-964},
Year = {2022},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-022-01773-4},
Abstract = {Human gut microbial dynamics are highly individualized,
making it challenging to link microbiota to health and to
design universal microbiome therapies. This individuality is
typically attributed to variation in host genetics, diets,
environments and medications but it could also emerge from
fundamental ecological forces that shape microbiota more
generally. Here, we leverage extensive gut microbial time
series from wild baboons-hosts who experience little
interindividual dietary and environmental heterogeneity-to
test whether gut microbial dynamics are synchronized across
hosts or largely idiosyncratic. Despite their shared
lifestyles, baboon microbiota were only weakly synchronized.
The strongest synchrony occurred among baboons living in the
same social group, probably because group members range over
the same habitat and simultaneously encounter the same
sources of food and water. However, this synchrony was
modest compared to each host's personalized dynamics. In
support, host-specific factors, especially host identity,
explained, on average, more than three times the deviance in
longitudinal dynamics compared to factors shared with social
group members and ten times the deviance of factors shared
across the host population. These results contribute to
mounting evidence that highly idiosyncratic gut microbiomes
are not an artefact of modern human environments and that
synchronizing forces in the gut microbiome (for example,
shared environments, diets and microbial dispersal) are not
strong enough to overwhelm key drivers of microbiome
personalization, such as host genetics, priority effects,
horizontal gene transfer and functional redundancy.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41559-022-01773-4},
Key = {fds363713}
}
@article{fds362499,
Author = {Richardson, JL and Levy, EJ and Ranjithkumar, R and Yang, H and Monson,
E and Cronin, A and Galbany, J and Robbins, MM and Alberts, SC and Reeves,
ME and McFarlin, SC},
Title = {Automated, high-throughput image calibration for
parallel-laser photogrammetry},
Journal = {Mammalian Biology},
Volume = {102},
Number = {3},
Pages = {615-627},
Year = {2022},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00174-7},
Abstract = {Parallel-laser photogrammetry is growing in popularity as a
way to collect non-invasive body size data from wild
mammals. Despite its many appeals, this method requires
researchers to hand-measure (i) the pixel distance between
the parallel laser spots (inter-laser distance) to produce a
scale within the image, and (ii) the pixel distance between
the study subject’s body landmarks (inter-landmark
distance). This manual effort is time-consuming and
introduces human error: a researcher measuring the same
image twice will rarely return the same values both times
(resulting in within-observer error), as is also the case
when two researchers measure the same image (resulting in
between-observer error). Here, we present two independent
methods that automate the inter-laser distance measurement
of parallel-laser photogrammetry images. One method uses
machine learning and image processing techniques in Python,
and the other uses image processing techniques in ImageJ.
Both of these methods reduce labor and increase precision
without sacrificing accuracy. We first introduce the
workflow of the two methods. Then, using two parallel-laser
datasets of wild mountain gorilla and wild savannah baboon
images, we validate the precision of these two automated
methods relative to manual measurements and to each other.
We also estimate the reduction of variation in final body
size estimates in centimeters when adopting these automated
methods, as these methods have no human error. Finally, we
highlight the strengths of each method, suggest best
practices for adopting either of them, and propose future
directions for the automation of parallel-laser
photogrammetry data.},
Doi = {10.1007/s42991-021-00174-7},
Key = {fds362499}
}
@article{fds363305,
Author = {Bonnet, T and Morrissey, MB and de Villemereuil, P and Alberts, SC and Arcese, P and Bailey, LD and Boutin, S and Brekke, P and Brent, LJN and Camenisch, G and Charmantier, A and Clutton-Brock, TH and Cockburn,
A and Coltman, DW and Courtiol, A and Davidian, E and Evans, SR and Ewen,
JG and Festa-Bianchet, M and de Franceschi, C and Gustafsson, L and Höner, OP and Houslay, TM and Keller, LF and Manser, M and McAdam, AG and McLean, E and Nietlisbach, P and Osmond, HL and Pemberton, JM and Postma, E and Reid, JM and Rutschmann, A and Santure, AW and Sheldon,
BC and Slate, J and Teplitsky, C and Visser, ME and Wachter, B and Kruuk,
LEB},
Title = {Genetic variance in fitness indicates rapid contemporary
adaptive evolution in wild animals.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {376},
Number = {6596},
Pages = {1012-1016},
Year = {2022},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abk0853},
Abstract = {The rate of adaptive evolution, the contribution of
selection to genetic changes that increase mean fitness, is
determined by the additive genetic variance in individual
relative fitness. To date, there are few robust estimates of
this parameter for natural populations, and it is therefore
unclear whether adaptive evolution can play a meaningful
role in short-term population dynamics. We developed and
applied quantitative genetic methods to long-term datasets
from 19 wild bird and mammal populations and found that,
while estimates vary between populations, additive genetic
variance in relative fitness is often substantial and, on
average, twice that of previous estimates. We show that
these rates of contemporary adaptive evolution can affect
population dynamics and hence that natural selection has the
potential to partly mitigate effects of current
environmental change.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.abk0853},
Key = {fds363305}
}
@article{fds363168,
Author = {Campos, FA and Altmann, J and Cords, M and Fedigan, LM and Lawler, R and Lonsdorf, EV and Stoinski, TS and Strier, KB and Bronikowski, AM and Pusey, AE and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Female reproductive aging in seven primate species: Patterns
and consequences.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {119},
Number = {20},
Pages = {e2117669119},
Year = {2022},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117669119},
Abstract = {Age-related changes in fertility have increasingly been
documented in wild animal populations: In many species the
youngest and oldest reproducers are disadvantaged relative
to prime adults. How do these effects evolve, and what
explains their diversity across species? Tackling this
question requires detailed data on patterns of age-related
reproductive performance in multiple animal species. Here,
we compare patterns and consequences of age-related changes
in female reproductive performance in seven primate
populations that have been subjects of long-term continuous
study for 29 to 57 y. We document evidence of age effects on
fertility and on offspring performance in most, but not all,
of these primate species. Specifically, females of six
species showed longer interbirth intervals in the oldest age
classes, youngest age classes, or both, and the oldest
females also showed relatively fewer completed interbirth
intervals. In addition, five species showed markedly lower
survival among offspring born to the oldest mothers, and two
species showed reduced survival for offspring born to both
the youngest and the oldest mothers. In contrast, we found
mixed evidence that maternal age affects the age at which
daughters first reproduce: Only in muriquis and to some
extent in chimpanzees, the only two species with
female-biased dispersal, did relatively young mothers
produce daughters that tended to have earlier first
reproduction. Our findings demonstrate shared patterns as
well as contrasts in age-related changes in female fertility
across species of nonhuman primates and highlight
species-specific behavior and life-history patterns as
possible explanations for species-level differences.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2117669119},
Key = {fds363168}
}
@article{fds362338,
Author = {Galezo, AA and Nolas, MA and Fogel, AS and Mututua, RS and Warutere, JK and Siodi, IL and Altmann, J and Archie, EA and Tung, J and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Mechanisms of inbreeding avoidance in a wild
primate.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {32},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1607-1615.e4},
Year = {2022},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.082},
Abstract = {Inbreeding often imposes net fitness costs,<sup>1-5</sup>
leading to the expectation that animals will engage in
inbreeding avoidance when the costs of doing so are not
prohibitive.<sup>4-9</sup> However, one recent meta-analysis
indicates that animals of many species do not avoid mating
with kin in experimental settings,<sup>6</sup> and another
reports that behavioral inbreeding avoidance generally
evolves only when kin regularly encounter each other and
inbreeding costs are high.<sup>9</sup> These results raise
questions about the processes that separate kin, how these
processes depend on kin class and context, and whether kin
classes differ in how effectively they avoid inbreeding via
mate choice-in turn, demanding detailed demographic and
behavioral data within individual populations. Here, we
address these questions in a wild mammal population, the
baboons of the Amboseli ecosystem in Kenya. We find that
death and dispersal are very effective at separating
opposite-sex pairs of close adult kin. Nonetheless, adult
kin pairs do sometimes co-reside, and we find strong
evidence for inbreeding avoidance via mate choice in kin
classes with relatedness ≥0.25. Notably, maternal kin
avoid inbreeding more effectively than paternal kin despite
having identical coefficients of relatedness, pointing to
kin discrimination as a potential constraint on effective
inbreeding avoidance. Overall, demographic and behavioral
processes ensure that inbred offspring are rare in
undisturbed social groups (1% of offspring). However, in an
anthropogenically disturbed social group with reduced male
dispersal, we find inbreeding rates 10× higher. Our study
reinforces the importance of demographic and behavioral
contexts for understanding the evolution of inbreeding
avoidance.<sup>9</sup>.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.082},
Key = {fds362338}
}
@article{fds363106,
Author = {Malani, A and Rosenbaum, S and Alberts, SC and Archie,
E},
Title = {Seeing the Future: A Better Way to Model and Test for
Adaptive Developmental Plasticity},
Journal = {University of Chicago, Becker Friedman Institute for
Economics Working Paper},
Number = {2022},
Year = {2022},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds363106}
}
@article{fds361297,
Author = {Anderson, JA and Lea, AJ and Voyles, TN and Akinyi, MY and Nyakundi, R and Ochola, L and Omondi, M and Nyundo, F and Zhang, Y and Campos, FA and Alberts, SC and Archie, EA and Tung, J},
Title = {Distinct gene regulatory signatures of dominance rank and
social bond strength in wild baboons.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {377},
Number = {1845},
Pages = {20200441},
Year = {2022},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0441},
Abstract = {The social environment is a major determinant of morbidity,
mortality and Darwinian fitness in social animals. Recent
studies have begun to uncover the molecular processes
associated with these relationships, but the degree to which
they vary across different dimensions of the social
environment remains unclear. Here, we draw on a long-term
field study of wild baboons to compare the signatures of
affiliative and competitive aspects of the social
environment in white blood cell gene regulation, under both
immune-stimulated and non-stimulated conditions. We find
that the effects of dominance rank on gene expression are
directionally opposite in males versus females, such that
high-ranking males resemble low-ranking females, and vice
versa. Among females, rank and social bond strength are both
reflected in the activity of cellular metabolism and
proliferation genes. However, while we observe pronounced
rank-related differences in baseline immune gene activity,
only bond strength predicts the fold-change response to
immune (lipopolysaccharide) stimulation. Together, our
results indicate that the directionality and magnitude of
social effects on gene regulation depend on the aspect of
the social environment under study. This heterogeneity may
help explain why social environmental effects on health and
longevity can also vary between measures. This article is
part of the theme issue 'The centennial of the pecking
order: current state and future prospects for the study of
dominance hierarchies'.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2020.0441},
Key = {fds361297}
}
@article{fds363107,
Author = {Malani, A and Rosenbaum, S and Alberts, SC and Archie,
E},
Title = {Seeing the Future: A Better Way to Model and Test for
Adaptive Developmental Plasticity},
Booktitle = {bioRxiv},
Year = {2022},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.10.479998},
Doi = {10.1101/2022.02.10.479998},
Key = {fds363107}
}
@article{fds366224,
Author = {Malani, A and Archie, E and Rosenbaum, S},
Title = {Conceptual and analytical approaches for modeling the
developmental origins of inequality},
Booktitle = {bioRxiv},
Year = {2022},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.10.479998},
Doi = {10.1101/2022.02.10.479998},
Key = {fds366224}
}
@article{fds365952,
Author = {Roche, K and Björk, J and Dasari, M and Grieneisen, L and Jansen, D and Gould, T and Gesquiere, L and Barreiro, L and Alberts, S and Blekhman,
R and Gilbert, J and Tung, J and Mukherjee, S and Archie,
E},
Title = {Universal gut microbial relationships in the gut microbiome
of wild baboons},
Volume = {12},
Pages = {e83152},
Booktitle = {bioRxiv},
Year = {2022},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2022.08.20.504530},
Abstract = {Ecological relationships between bacteria mediate the
services that gut microbiomes provide to their hosts.
Knowing the overall direction and strength of these
relationships is essential to learn how ecology scales up to
affect microbiome assembly, dynamics, and host health.
However, whether bacterial relationships are generalizable
across hosts or personalized to individual hosts is debated.
Here, we apply a robust, multinomial logistic-normal
modeling framework to extensive time series data (5534
samples from 56 baboon hosts over 13 years) to infer
thousands of correlations in bacterial abundance in
individual baboons and test the degree to which bacterial
abundance correlations are 'universal'. We also compare
these patterns to two human data sets. We find that, most
bacterial correlations are weak, negative, and universal
across hosts, such that shared correlation patterns dominate
over host-specific correlations by almost twofold. Further,
taxon pairs that had inconsistent correlation signs (either
positive or negative) in different hosts always had weak
correlations within hosts. From the host perspective, host
pairs with the most similar bacterial correlation patterns
also had similar microbiome taxonomic compositions and
tended to be genetic relatives. Compared to humans,
universality in baboons was similar to that in human
infants, and stronger than one data set from human adults.
Bacterial families that showed universal correlations in
human infants were often universal in baboons. Together, our
work contributes new tools for analyzing the universality of
bacterial associations across hosts, with implications for
microbiome personalization, community assembly, and
stability, and for designing microbiome interventions to
improve host health.},
Doi = {10.1101/2022.08.20.504530},
Key = {fds365952}
}
@article{fds366471,
Author = {Lange, E and Zeng, S and Campos, F and Li, F and Tung, J and Archie, E and Alberts, S},
Title = {Early life adversity and adult social relationships have
independent effects on survival in a wild animal model of
aging},
Booktitle = {bioRxiv},
Year = {2022},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2022.09.06.506810},
Doi = {10.1101/2022.09.06.506810},
Key = {fds366471}
}
@article{fds366473,
Author = {McLean, E and Moorad, J and Tung, J and Archie, E and Alberts,
S},
Title = {Genetic variance and indirect genetic effects for
affiliative social behavior in a wild primate},
Volume = {77},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1607-1621},
Booktitle = {bioRxiv},
Year = {2022},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2022.08.29.505695},
Abstract = {Affiliative social behaviors are linked to fitness
components in multiple species. However, the role of genetic
variance in shaping such behaviors remains largely unknown,
limiting our understanding of how affiliative behaviors can
respond to natural selection. Here, we employed the "animal
model" to estimate environmental and genetic sources of
variance and covariance in grooming behavior in the
well-studied Amboseli wild baboon population. We found that
the tendency for a female baboon to groom others ("grooming
given") is heritable (h2 = 0.22 ± 0.048), and that several
environmental variables-including dominance rank and the
availability of kin as grooming partners-contribute to
variance in this grooming behavior. We also detected small
but measurable variance due to the indirect genetic effect
of partner identity on the amount of grooming given within
dyadic grooming partnerships. The indirect and direct
genetic effects for grooming given were positively
correlated (r = 0.74 ± 0.09). Our results provide insight
into the evolvability of affiliative behavior in wild
animals, including the possibility for correlations between
direct and indirect genetic effects to accelerate the
response to selection. As such they provide novel
information about the genetic architecture of social
behavior in nature, with important implications for the
evolution of cooperation and reciprocity.},
Doi = {10.1101/2022.08.29.505695},
Key = {fds366473}
}
@article{fds367587,
Author = {Lange, E and Griffin, M and Fogel, A and Archie, E and Tung, J and Alberts,
S},
Title = {Heritable and sex-specific variation in the development of
social behavior in a wild primate},
Booktitle = {bioRxiv},
Year = {2022},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2022.10.21.513189},
Doi = {10.1101/2022.10.21.513189},
Key = {fds367587}
}
@article{fds366472,
Author = {Fogel, A and Oduor, P and Nyongesa, A and Kimwele, C and Alberts, S and Archie, E and Tung, J},
Title = {Ecology and age, but not genetic ancestry, predict fetal
loss in a wild baboon hybrid zone},
Volume = {180},
Number = {4},
Pages = {618-632},
Booktitle = {bioRxiv},
Year = {2022},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2022.09.03.505836},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Pregnancy failure represents a major
fitness cost for any mammal, particularly those with slow
life histories such as primates. Here, we quantified the
risk of fetal loss in wild hybrid baboons, including
genetic, ecological, and demographic sources of variance. We
were particularly interested in testing the hypothesis that
hybridization increases fetal loss rates. Such an effect
would help explain how baboons may maintain genetic and
phenotypic integrity despite interspecific gene
flow.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>We analyzed outcomes for
1020 pregnancies observed over 46 years in a natural
yellow baboon-anubis baboon hybrid zone. Fetal losses and
live births were scored based on records of female
reproductive state and the appearance of live neonates. We
modeled the probability of fetal loss as a function of a
female's genetic ancestry (the proportion of her genome
estimated to be descended from anubis [vs. yellow]
ancestors), age, number of previous fetal losses, dominance
rank, group size, climate, and habitat quality using
binomial mixed effects models.<h4>Results</h4>Female genetic
ancestry did not predict fetal loss. Instead, the risk of
fetal loss is elevated for very young and very old females.
Fetal loss is most robustly predicted by ecological factors,
including poor habitat quality prior to a home range shift
and extreme heat during pregnancy.<h4>Discussion</h4>Our
results suggest that gene flow between yellow and anubis
baboons is not impeded by an increased risk of fetal loss
for hybrid females. Instead, ecological conditions and
female age are key determinants of this component of female
reproductive success.},
Doi = {10.1101/2022.09.03.505836},
Key = {fds366472}
}
@article{fds366474,
Author = {Zipple, M and Archie, E and Tung, J and Mututua, R and Warutere, K and Siodi, L and Altmann, J and Alberts, S},
Title = {Five decades of data yield no support for adaptive biasing
of offspring sex ratio in wild baboons (Papio
cynocephalus)},
Volume = {202},
Number = {4},
Pages = {383-398},
Booktitle = {bioRxiv},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Year = {2022},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2022.08.28.505562},
Abstract = {AbstractOver the past 50 years, a wealth of testable, often
conflicting hypotheses have been generated about the
evolution of offspring sex ratio manipulation by mothers.
Several of these hypotheses have received support in studies
of invertebrates and some vertebrate taxa. However, their
success in explaining sex ratios in mammalian
taxa-especially in primates-has been mixed. Here, we assess
the predictions of four different hypotheses about the
evolution of biased offspring sex ratios in the baboons of
the Amboseli basin in Kenya: the Trivers-Willard, female
rank enhancement, local resource competition, and local
resource enhancement hypotheses. Using the largest sample
size ever analyzed in a primate population (n=1,372
offspring), we test the predictions of each hypothesis.
Overall, we find no support for adaptive biasing of sex
ratios. Offspring sex is not consistently related to
maternal dominance rank or biased toward the dispersing sex,
nor is it predicted by group size, population growth rates,
or their interaction with maternal rank. Because our sample
size confers power to detect even subtle biases in sex
ratio, including modulation by environmental heterogeneity,
these results suggest that adaptive biasing of offspring sex
does not occur in this population.},
Doi = {10.1101/2022.08.28.505562},
Key = {fds366474}
}
@article{fds360543,
Author = {Lerch, BA and Abbott, KC and Archie, EA and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Better baboon break-ups: collective decision theory of
complex social network fissions.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {288},
Number = {1964},
Pages = {20212060},
Year = {2021},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.2060},
Abstract = {Many social groups are made up of complex social networks in
which each individual associates with a distinct subset of
its groupmates. If social groups become larger over time,
competition often leads to a permanent group fission. During
such fissions, complex social networks present a collective
decision problem and a multidimensional optimization
problem: it is advantageous for each individual to remain
with their closest allies after a fission, but impossible
for every individual to do so. Here, we develop
computational algorithms designed to simulate group fissions
in a network-theoretic framework. We focus on three fission
algorithms (democracy, community and despotism) that fall on
a spectrum from a democratic to a dictatorial collective
decision. We parameterize our social networks with data from
wild baboons (<i>Papio cynocephalus</i>) and compare our
simulated fissions with actual baboon fission events. We
find that the democracy and community algorithms
(egalitarian decisions where each individual influences the
outcome) better maintain social networks during simulated
fissions than despotic decisions (driven primarily by a
single individual). We also find that egalitarian decisions
are better at predicting the observed individual-level
outcomes of observed fissions, although the observed
fissions often disturbed their social networks more than the
simulated egalitarian fissions.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2021.2060},
Key = {fds360543}
}
@article{fds358806,
Author = {Fogel, AS and McLean, EM and Gordon, JB and Archie, EA and Tung, J and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Genetic ancestry predicts male-female affiliation in a
natural baboon hybrid zone.},
Journal = {Animal behaviour},
Volume = {180},
Pages = {249-268},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2021},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.07.009},
Abstract = {Opposite-sex social relationships are important predictors
of fitness in many animals, including several group-living
mammals. Consequently, understanding sources of variance in
the tendency to form opposite-sex relationships is important
for understanding social evolution. Genetic contributions
are of particular interest due to their importance in
long-term evolutionary change, but little is known about
genetic effects on male-female relationships in social
mammals, especially outside of the mating context. Here, we
investigate the effects of genetic ancestry on male-female
affiliative behaviour in a hybrid zone between the yellow
baboon, <i>Papio cynocephalus</i>, and the anubis baboon,
<i>Papio anubis</i>, in a population in which male-female
social bonds are known predictors of life span. We place our
analysis within the context of other social and demographic
predictors of affiliative behaviour in baboons. Genetic
ancestry was the most consistent predictor of opposite-sex
affiliative behaviour we observed, with the exception of
strong effects of dominance rank. Our results show that
increased anubis genetic ancestry is associated with a
subtle, but significantly higher, probability of
opposite-sex affiliative behaviour, in both males and
females. Additionally, pairs of anubis-like males and
anubis-like females were the most likely to socially
affiliate, resulting in moderate assortativity in grooming
and proximity behaviour as a function of genetic ancestry.
Our findings indicate that opposite-sex affiliative
behaviour partially diverged during baboon evolution to
differentiate yellow and anubis baboons, despite overall
similarities in their social structures and mating systems.
Furthermore, they suggest that affiliative behaviour may
simultaneously promote and constrain baboon admixture,
through additive and assortative effects of ancestry,
respectively.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.07.009},
Key = {fds358806}
}
@article{fds355661,
Author = {Zipple, MN and Roberts, EK and Alberts, SC and Beehner,
JC},
Title = {The Bruce effect should be defined by function, not
mechanism: comments on ‘How to escape male infanticide:
mechanisms for avoiding or terminating pregnancy in
mammals’},
Journal = {Mammal Review},
Volume = {51},
Number = {4},
Pages = {596-599},
Year = {2021},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mam.12250},
Abstract = {Bartoš et al. (2021; Mammal Review 51: 143–153;
https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12219) reviewed the mechanisms
involved in the ‘Bruce effect’ – a phenomenon
originally documented in inseminated female house mice Mus
musculus, who block pregnancy following exposure to a novel
(non-sire) male. They argue that the term ‘Bruce effect’
should be applied in cases that are mechanistically
equivalent to this original observation in mice. We argue
that the Bruce effect should be defined instead by its
function: a phenomenon by which inseminated or pregnant
females benefit by blocking or terminating pregnancy
following exposure to a non-sire male. Only functional
definitions of phenomena allow for the articulation and
testing of evolutionary hypotheses.},
Doi = {10.1111/mam.12250},
Key = {fds355661}
}
@article{fds359021,
Author = {Lea, AJ and Akinyi, MY and Nyakundi, R and Mareri, P and Nyundo, F and Kariuki, T and Alberts, SC and Archie, EA and Tung,
J},
Title = {Erratum: Dominance rank-associated gene expression is
widespread, sex-specific, and a precursor to high social
status in wild male baboons (Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2018)
115 (E12163–E12171) DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1811967115)},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {118},
Number = {36},
Year = {2021},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2114104118},
Abstract = {Correction to Supporting Information for “Dominance
rank-associated gene expression is widespread, sex-specific,
and a precursor to high social status in wild male
baboons,” by Amanda J. Lea, Mercy Y. Akinyi, Ruth
Nyakundi, Peter Mareri, Fred Nyundo, Thomas Kariuki, Susan
C. Alberts, Elizabeth A. Archie, and Jenny Tung, which was
first published December 11, 2018; 10.1073/pnas.1811967115
(Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 115, E12163–E12171). The
authors note that, in the SI Appendix, the concentration of
the lipopolysaccharide stimulant on page 3, first full
paragraph, line 4 was reported incorrectly. Subsequently,
“1 ug/mL lipopolysaccharide” should instead appear as
“0.1 ug/mL lipopolysaccharide.” The SI Appendix has been
corrected online.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2114104118},
Key = {fds359021}
}
@article{fds357895,
Author = {Grieneisen, L and Dasari, M and Gould, TJ and Björk, JR and Grenier,
J-C and Yotova, V and Jansen, D and Gottel, N and Gordon, JB and Learn, NH and Gesquiere, LR and Wango, TL and Mututua, RS and Warutere, JK and Siodi,
L and Gilbert, JA and Barreiro, LB and Alberts, SC and Tung, J and Archie,
EA and Blekhman, R},
Title = {Gut microbiome heritability is nearly universal but
environmentally contingent.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {373},
Number = {6551},
Pages = {181-186},
Year = {2021},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aba5483},
Abstract = {Relatives have more similar gut microbiomes than
nonrelatives, but the degree to which this similarity
results from shared genotypes versus shared environments has
been controversial. Here, we leveraged 16,234 gut microbiome
profiles, collected over 14 years from 585 wild baboons, to
reveal that host genetic effects on the gut microbiome are
nearly universal. Controlling for diet, age, and
socioecological variation, 97% of microbiome phenotypes were
significantly heritable, including several reported as
heritable in humans. Heritability was typically low (mean =
0.068) but was systematically greater in the dry season,
with low diet diversity, and in older hosts. We show that
longitudinal profiles and large sample sizes are crucial to
quantifying microbiome heritability, and indicate scope for
selection on microbiome characteristics as a host
phenotype.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.aba5483},
Key = {fds357895}
}
@article{fds358287,
Author = {Zeng, S and Rosenbaum, S and Alberts, SC and Archie, EA and Li,
F},
Title = {Causal mediation analysis for sparse and irregular
longitudinal data},
Journal = {Annals of Applied Statistics},
Volume = {15},
Number = {2},
Pages = {747-767},
Year = {2021},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/20-AOAS1427},
Abstract = {Causal mediation analysis seeks to investigate how the
treatment effect of an exposure on outcomes is mediated
through intermediate variables. Although many applications
involve longitudinal data, the existing methods are not
directly applicable to settings where the mediator and
outcome are measured on sparse and irregular time grids. We
extend the existing causal mediation framework from a
functional data analysis perspective, viewing the sparse and
irregular longitudinal data as realizations of underlying
smooth stochastic processes. We define causal estimands of
direct and indirect effects accordingly and provide
corresponding identification assumptions. For estimation and
inference, we employ a functional principal component
analysis approach for dimension reduction and use the first
few functional principal components instead of the whole
trajectories in the structural equation models. We adopt the
Bayesian paradigm to accurately quantify the uncertainties.
The operating characteristics of the proposed methods are
examined via simulations. We apply the proposed methods to a
longitudinal data set from a wild baboon population in Kenya
to investigate the causal relationships between early
adversity, strength of social bonds between animals and
adult glucocorticoid hormone concentrations. We find that
early adversity has a significant direct effect (a 9-14%
increase) on females’ glucocorticoid concentrations across
adulthood but find little evidence that these effects were
mediated by weak social bonds.},
Doi = {10.1214/20-AOAS1427},
Key = {fds358287}
}
@article{fds357290,
Author = {Colchero, F and Aburto, JM and Archie, EA and Boesch, C and Breuer, T and Campos, FA and Collins, A and Conde, DA and Cords, M and Crockford, C and Thompson, ME and Fedigan, LM and Fichtel, C and Groenenberg, M and Hobaiter, C and Kappeler, PM and Lawler, RR and Lewis, RJ and Machanda,
ZP and Manguette, ML and Muller, MN and Packer, C and Parnell, RJ and Perry, S and Pusey, AE and Robbins, MM and Seyfarth, RM and Silk, JB and Staerk, J and Stoinski, TS and Stokes, EJ and Strier, KB and Strum, SC and Tung, J and Villavicencio, F and Wittig, RM and Wrangham, RW and Zuberbühler, K and Vaupel, JW and Alberts, SC},
Title = {The long lives of primates and the 'invariant rate of
ageing' hypothesis.},
Journal = {Nature communications},
Volume = {12},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3666},
Year = {2021},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23894-3},
Abstract = {Is it possible to slow the rate of ageing, or do biological
constraints limit its plasticity? We test the 'invariant
rate of ageing' hypothesis, which posits that the rate of
ageing is relatively fixed within species, with a collection
of 39 human and nonhuman primate datasets across seven
genera. We first recapitulate, in nonhuman primates, the
highly regular relationship between life expectancy and
lifespan equality seen in humans. We next demonstrate that
variation in the rate of ageing within genera is orders of
magnitude smaller than variation in pre-adult and
age-independent mortality. Finally, we demonstrate that
changes in the rate of ageing, but not other mortality
parameters, produce striking, species-atypical changes in
mortality patterns. Our results support the invariant rate
of ageing hypothesis, implying biological constraints on how
much the human rate of ageing can be slowed.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41467-021-23894-3},
Key = {fds357290}
}
@article{fds355776,
Author = {Anderson, JA and Johnston, RA and Lea, AJ and Campos, FA and Voyles, TN and Akinyi, MY and Alberts, SC and Archie, EA and Tung,
J},
Title = {High social status males experience accelerated epigenetic
aging in wild baboons.},
Journal = {eLife},
Volume = {10},
Pages = {e66128},
Year = {2021},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.66128},
Abstract = {Aging, for virtually all life, is inescapable. However,
within populations, biological aging rates vary.
Understanding sources of variation in this process is
central to understanding the biodemography of natural
populations. We constructed a DNA methylation-based age
predictor for an intensively studied wild baboon population
in Kenya. Consistent with findings in humans, the resulting
'epigenetic clock' closely tracks chronological age, but
individuals are predicted to be somewhat older or younger
than their known ages. Surprisingly, these deviations are
not explained by the strongest predictors of lifespan in
this population, early adversity and social integration.
Instead, they are best predicted by male dominance rank:
high-ranking males are predicted to be older than their true
ages, and epigenetic age tracks changes in rank over time.
Our results argue that achieving high rank for male baboons
- the best predictor of reproductive success - imposes costs
consistent with a 'live fast, die young' life-history
strategy.},
Doi = {10.7554/elife.66128},
Key = {fds355776}
}
@article{fds355933,
Author = {Campos, FA and Archie, EA and Gesquiere, LR and Tung, J and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Glucocorticoid exposure predicts survival in female
baboons.},
Journal = {Science advances},
Volume = {7},
Number = {17},
Pages = {eabf6759},
Year = {2021},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf6759},
Abstract = {Are differences in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
activation across the adult life span linked to differences
in survival? This question has been the subject of
considerable debate. We analyze the link between survival
and fecal glucocorticoid (GC) measures in a wild primate
population, leveraging an unusually extensive longitudinal
dataset of 14,173 GC measurements from 242 adult female
baboons over 1634 female years. We document a powerful link
between GCs and survival: Females with relatively high
current GCs or high lifelong cumulative GCs face an elevated
risk of death. A hypothetical female who maintained GCs in
the top 90% for her age across adulthood would be expected
to lose 5.4 years of life relative to a female who
maintained GCs in the bottom 10% for her age. Hence,
differences among individuals in HPA axis activity provide
valuable prognostic information about disparities in life
span.},
Doi = {10.1126/sciadv.abf6759},
Key = {fds355933}
}
@article{fds354523,
Author = {Zipple, MN and Altmann, J and Campos, FA and Cords, M and Fedigan, LM and Lawler, RR and Lonsdorf, EV and Perry, S and Pusey, AE and Stoinski, TS and Strier, KB and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Maternal death and offspring fitness in multiple wild
primates.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {118},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e2015317118},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015317118},
Abstract = {Primate offspring often depend on their mothers well beyond
the age of weaning, and offspring that experience maternal
death in early life can suffer substantial reductions in
fitness across the life span. Here, we leverage data from
eight wild primate populations (seven species) to examine
two underappreciated pathways linking early maternal death
and offspring fitness that are distinct from direct effects
of orphaning on offspring survival. First, we show that, for
five of the seven species, offspring face reduced survival
during the years immediately preceding maternal death, while
the mother is still alive. Second, we identify an
intergenerational effect of early maternal loss in three
species (muriquis, baboons, and blue monkeys), such that
early maternal death experienced in one generation leads to
reduced offspring survival in the next. Our results have
important implications for the evolution of slow life
histories in primates, as they suggest that maternal
condition and survival are more important for offspring
fitness than previously realized.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2015317118},
Key = {fds354523}
}
@article{fds363028,
Author = {Vilgalys, T and Fogel, A and Mututua, R and Kinyua Warutere and J and Siodi, L and Anderson, J and Kim, SY and Voyles, T and Robinson, J and Wall, J and Archie, E and Alberts, S and Tung, J},
Title = {Selection against admixture and gene regulatory divergence
in a long-term primate field study},
Volume = {377},
Number = {6606},
Pages = {635-641},
Year = {2021},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.19.456711},
Abstract = {Admixture has profoundly influenced evolution across the
tree of life, including in humans and other primates 1,2 .
However, we have limited insight into the genetic and
phenotypic consequences of admixture in primates, especially
during its key early stages. Here, we address this gap by
combining 50 years of field observations with population and
functional genomic data from yellow ( Papio cynocephalus )
and anubis ( P. anubis ) baboons in Kenya, in a
longitudinally studied population that has experienced both
historical and recent admixture 3 . We use whole-genome
sequencing to characterize the extent of the hybrid zone,
estimate local ancestry for 442 known individuals, and
predict the landscape of introgression across the genome.
Despite no major fitness costs to hybrids, we identify
signatures of selection against introgression that are
strikingly similar to those described for archaic hominins
4–6 . These signatures are strongest near loci with large
ancestry effects on gene expression, supporting the
importance of gene regulation in primate evolution and the
idea that selection targeted large regulatory effects
following archaic hominin admixture 7,8 . Our results show
that genomic data and field observations of hybrids are
important and mutually informative. They therefore
demonstrate the value of other primates as living models for
phenomena that we cannot observe in our own
lineage.},
Doi = {10.1101/2021.08.19.456711},
Key = {fds363028}
}
@article{fds352369,
Author = {Campos, FA and Villavicencio, F and Archie, EA and Colchero, F and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Social bonds, social status and survival in wild baboons: a
tale of two sexes.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {375},
Number = {1811},
Pages = {20190621},
Year = {2020},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0621},
Abstract = {People who are more socially integrated or have higher
socio-economic status live longer. Recent studies in
non-human primates show striking convergences with this
human pattern: female primates with more social partners,
stronger social bonds or higher dominance rank all lead
longer lives. However, it remains unclear whether social
environments also predict survival in male non-human
primates, as it does in men. This gap persists because, in
most primates, males disperse among social groups, resulting
in many males who disappear with unknown fate and have
unknown dates of birth. We present a Bayesian model to
estimate the effects of time-varying social covariates on
age-specific adult mortality in both sexes of wild baboons.
We compare how the survival trajectories of both sexes are
linked to social bonds and social status over the life. We
find that, parallel to females, male baboons who are more
strongly bonded to females have longer lifespans. However,
males with higher dominance rank for their age appear to
have shorter lifespans. This finding brings new
understanding to the adaptive significance of heterosexual
social bonds for male baboons: in addition to protecting the
male's offspring from infanticide, these bonds may have
direct benefits to males themselves. This article is part of
the theme issue 'Evolution of the primate ageing
process'.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2019.0621},
Key = {fds352369}
}
@article{fds352370,
Author = {Weibel, CJ and Tung, J and Alberts, SC and Archie,
EA},
Title = {Accelerated reproduction is not an adaptive response to
early-life adversity in wild baboons.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {117},
Number = {40},
Pages = {24909-24919},
Year = {2020},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004018117},
Abstract = {In humans and other long-lived species, harsh conditions in
early life often lead to profound differences in adult life
expectancy. In response, natural selection is expected to
accelerate the timing and pace of reproduction in
individuals who experience some forms of early-life
adversity. However, the adaptive benefits of reproductive
acceleration following early adversity remain untested.
Here, we test a recent version of this theory, the internal
predictive adaptive response (iPAR) model, by assessing
whether accelerating reproduction following early-life
adversity leads to higher lifetime reproductive success. We
do so by leveraging 48 y of continuous, individual-based
data from wild female baboons in the Amboseli ecosystem in
Kenya, including prospective, longitudinal data on multiple
sources of nutritional and psychosocial adversity in early
life; reproductive pace; and lifetime reproductive success.
We find that while early-life adversity led to dramatically
shorter lifespans, individuals who experienced early
adversity did not accelerate their reproduction compared
with those who did not experience early adversity. Further,
while accelerated reproduction predicted increased lifetime
reproductive success overall, these benefits were not
specific to females who experienced early-life adversity.
Instead, females only benefited from reproductive
acceleration if they also led long lives. Our results call
into question the theory that accelerated reproduction is an
adaptive response to both nutritional and psychosocial
sources of early-life adversity in baboons and other
long-lived species.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2004018117},
Key = {fds352370}
}
@article{fds351178,
Author = {Levy, EJ and Gesquiere, LR and McLean, E and Franz, M and Warutere, JK and Sayialel, SN and Mututua, RS and Wango, TL and Oudu, VK and Altmann, J and Archie, EA and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Higher dominance rank is associated with lower
glucocorticoids in wild female baboons: A rank metric
comparison.},
Journal = {Hormones and behavior},
Volume = {125},
Pages = {104826},
Year = {2020},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104826},
Abstract = {In vertebrates, glucocorticoid secretion occurs in response
to energetic and psychosocial stressors that trigger the
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Measuring
glucocorticoid concentrations can therefore shed light on
the stressors associated with different social and
environmental variables, including dominance rank. Using
14,172 fecal samples from 237 wild female baboons, we test
the hypothesis that high-ranking females experience fewer
psychosocial and/or energetic stressors than lower-ranking
females. We predicted that high-ranking females would have
lower fecal glucocorticoid (fGC) concentrations than
low-ranking females. Because dominance rank can be measured
in multiple ways, we employ an information theoretic
approach to compare 5 different measures of rank as
predictors of fGC concentrations: ordinal rank; proportional
rank; Elo rating; and two approaches to categorical ranking
(alpha vs non-alpha and high-middle-low). Our hypothesis was
supported, but it was also too simplistic. We found that
alpha females exhibited substantially lower fGCs than other
females (typical reduction = 8.2%). If we used
proportional rank instead of alpha versus non-alpha status
in the model, we observed a weak effect of rank such that
fGCs rose 4.2% from the highest- to lowest-ranking female in
the hierarchy. Models using ordinal rank, Elo rating, or
high-middle-low categories alone failed to explain variation
in female fGCs. Our findings shed new light on the
association between dominance rank and the stress response,
the competitive landscape of female baboons as compared to
males, and the assumptions inherent in a researcher's choice
of rank metric.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104826},
Key = {fds351178}
}
@article{fds352212,
Author = {Levy, EJ and Zipple, MN and McLean, E and Campos, FA and Dasari, M and Fogel, AS and Franz, M and Gesquiere, LR and Gordon, JB and Grieneisen,
L and Habig, B and Jansen, DJ and Learn, NH and Weibel, CJ and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC and Archie, EA},
Title = {A comparison of dominance rank metrics reveals multiple
competitive landscapes in an animal society.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {287},
Number = {1934},
Pages = {20201013},
Year = {2020},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1013},
Abstract = {Across group-living animals, linear dominance hierarchies
lead to disparities in access to resources, health outcomes
and reproductive performance. Studies of how dominance rank
predicts these traits typically employ one of several
dominance rank metrics without examining the assumptions
each metric makes about its underlying competitive
processes. Here, we compare the ability of two dominance
rank metrics-simple ordinal rank and proportional or
'standardized' rank-to predict 20 traits in a wild baboon
population in Amboseli, Kenya. We propose that simple
ordinal rank best predicts traits when competition is
density-dependent, whereas proportional rank best predicts
traits when competition is density-independent. We found
that for 75% of traits (15/20), one rank metric performed
better than the other. Strikingly, all male traits were best
predicted by simple ordinal rank, whereas female traits were
evenly split between proportional and simple ordinal rank.
Hence, male and female traits are shaped by different
competitive processes: males are largely driven by
density-dependent resource access (e.g. access to oestrous
females), whereas females are shaped by both
density-independent (e.g. distributed food resources) and
density-dependent resource access. This method of comparing
how different rank metrics predict traits can be used to
distinguish between different competitive processes
operating in animal societies.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2020.1013},
Key = {fds352212}
}
@article{fds351177,
Author = {Rosenbaum, S and Zeng, S and Campos, FA and Gesquiere, LR and Altmann,
J and Alberts, SC and Li, F and Archie, EA},
Title = {Social bonds do not mediate the relationship between early
adversity and adult glucocorticoids in wild
baboons.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {117},
Number = {33},
Pages = {20052-20062},
Year = {2020},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004524117},
Abstract = {In humans and other animals, harsh conditions in early life
can have profound effects on adult physiology, including the
stress response. This relationship may be mediated by a lack
of supportive relationships in adulthood. That is, early
life adversity may inhibit the formation of supportive
social ties, and weak social support is itself often linked
to dysregulated stress responses. Here, we use prospective,
longitudinal data from wild baboons in Kenya to test the
links between early adversity, adult social bonds, and adult
fecal glucocorticoid hormone concentrations (a measure of
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal [HPA] axis activation and the
stress response). Using a causal inference framework, we
found that experiencing one or more sources of early
adversity led to a 9 to 14% increase in females'
glucocorticoid concentrations across adulthood. However,
these effects were not mediated by weak social bonds: The
direct effects of early adversity on adult glucocorticoid
concentrations were 11 times stronger than the effects
mediated by social bonds. This pattern occurred, in part,
because the effect of social bonds on glucocorticoids was
weak compared to the powerful effects of early adversity on
glucocorticoid levels in adulthood. Hence, in female
baboons, weak social bonds in adulthood are not enough to
explain the effects of early adversity on glucocorticoid
concentrations. Together, our results support the
well-established notions that early adversity and weak
social bonds both predict poor adult health. However, the
magnitudes of these two effects differ considerably, and
they may act independently of one another.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2004524117},
Key = {fds351177}
}
@article{fds352728,
Author = {Noonan, MJ and Fleming, CH and Tucker, MA and Kays, R and Harrison, A-L and Crofoot, MC and Abrahms, B and Alberts, SC and Ali, AH and Altmann, J and Antunes, PC and Attias, N and Belant, JL and Beyer, DE and Bidner, LR and Blaum, N and Boone, RB and Caillaud, D and de Paula, RC and de la Torre,
JA and Dekker, J and DePerno, CS and Farhadinia, M and Fennessy, J and Fichtel, C and Fischer, C and Ford, A and Goheen, JR and Havmøller, RW and Hirsch, BT and Hurtado, C and Isbell, LA and Janssen, R and Jeltsch, F and Kaczensky, P and Kaneko, Y and Kappeler, P and Katna, A and Kauffman, M and Koch, F and Kulkarni, A and LaPoint, S and Leimgruber, P and Macdonald,
DW and Markham, AC and McMahon, L and Mertes, K and Moorman, CE and Morato,
RG and Moßbrucker, AM and Mourão, G and O'Connor, D and Oliveira-Santos, LGR and Pastorini, J and Patterson, BD and Rachlow,
J and Ranglack, DH and Reid, N and Scantlebury, DM and Scott, DM and Selva,
N and Sergiel, A and Songer, M and Songsasen, N and Stabach, JA and Stacy-Dawes, J and Swingen, MB and Thompson, JJ and Ullmann, W and Vanak, AT and Thaker, M and Wilson, JW and Yamazaki, K and Yarnell, RW and Zieba, F and Zwijacz-Kozica, T and Fagan, WF and Mueller, T and Calabrese, JM},
Title = {Effects of body size on estimation of mammalian area
requirements.},
Journal = {Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for
Conservation Biology},
Volume = {34},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1017-1028},
Year = {2020},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13495},
Abstract = {Accurately quantifying species' area requirements is a
prerequisite for effective area-based conservation. This
typically involves collecting tracking data on species of
interest and then conducting home-range analyses.
Problematically, autocorrelation in tracking data can result
in space needs being severely underestimated. Based on the
previous work, we hypothesized the magnitude of
underestimation varies with body mass, a relationship that
could have serious conservation implications. To evaluate
this hypothesis for terrestrial mammals, we estimated
home-range areas with global positioning system (GPS)
locations from 757 individuals across 61 globally
distributed mammalian species with body masses ranging from
0.4 to 4000 kg. We then applied block cross-validation to
quantify bias in empirical home-range estimates. Area
requirements of mammals <10 kg were underestimated by a mean
approximately15%, and species weighing approximately100 kg
were underestimated by approximately50% on average. Thus, we
found area estimation was subject to autocorrelation-induced
bias that was worse for large species. Combined with the
fact that extinction risk increases as body mass increases,
the allometric scaling of bias we observed suggests the most
threatened species are also likely to be those with the
least accurate home-range estimates. As a correction, we
tested whether data thinning or autocorrelation-informed
home-range estimation minimized the scaling effect of
autocorrelation on area estimates. Data thinning required an
approximately93% data loss to achieve statistical
independence with 95% confidence and was, therefore, not a
viable solution. In contrast, autocorrelation-informed
home-range estimation resulted in consistently accurate
estimates irrespective of mass. When relating body mass to
home range size, we detected that correcting for
autocorrelation resulted in a scaling exponent significantly
>1, meaning the scaling of the relationship changed
substantially at the upper end of the mass
spectrum.},
Doi = {10.1111/cobi.13495},
Key = {fds352728}
}
@article{fds349640,
Author = {Snyder-Mackler, N and Burger, JR and Gaydosh, L and Belsky, DW and Noppert, GA and Campos, FA and Bartolomucci, A and Yang, YC and Aiello,
AE and O'Rand, A and Harris, KM and Shively, CA and Alberts, SC and Tung,
J},
Title = {Social determinants of health and survival in humans and
other animals.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {368},
Number = {6493},
Pages = {eaax9553},
Year = {2020},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aax9553},
Abstract = {The social environment, both in early life and adulthood, is
one of the strongest predictors of morbidity and mortality
risk in humans. Evidence from long-term studies of other
social mammals indicates that this relationship is similar
across many species. In addition, experimental studies show
that social interactions can causally alter animal
physiology, disease risk, and life span itself. These
findings highlight the importance of the social environment
to health and mortality as well as Darwinian
fitness-outcomes of interest to social scientists and
biologists alike. They thus emphasize the utility of
cross-species analysis for understanding the predictors of,
and mechanisms underlying, social gradients in
health.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.aax9553},
Key = {fds349640}
}
@article{fds349049,
Author = {Gesquiere, LR and Habig, B and Hansen, C and Li, A and Freid, K and Learn,
NH and Alberts, SC and Graham, AL and Archie, EA},
Title = {Noninvasive measurement of mucosal immunity in a
free-ranging baboon population.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {82},
Number = {2},
Pages = {e23093},
Year = {2020},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.23093},
Abstract = {Ecoimmunological patterns and processes remain understudied
in wild primates, in part because of the lack of noninvasive
methods to measure immunity. Secretory immunoglobulin A
(sIgA) is the most abundant antibody present at mammalian
mucosal surfaces and provides an important first line of
defense against pathogens. Recent studies show that sIgA can
be measured noninvasively in feces and is a good marker of
mucosal immunity. Here we validated a commercial ELISA kit
to measure fecal IgA in baboons, tested the robustness of
its results to variation in collection and storage
conditions, and developed a cost-effective in-house ELISA
for baboon fecal IgA. Using data from the custom ELISA, we
assessed the relationship between fecal IgA concentrations
and gastrointestinal parasite burden, and tested how sex,
age, and reproductive effort predict fecal IgA in wild
baboons. We find that IgA concentrations can be measured in
baboon feces using an in-house ELISA and are highly
correlated to the values obtained with a commercial kit.
Fecal IgA concentrations are stable when extracts are stored
for up to 22 months at -20°C. Fecal IgA concentrations were
negatively correlated with parasite egg counts (Trichuris
trichiura), but not parasite richness. Fecal IgA did not
vary between the sexes, but for males, concentrations were
higher in adults versus adolescents. Lactating females had
significantly lower fecal IgA than pregnant females, but
neither pregnant nor lactating female concentrations
differed significantly from cycling females. Males who
engaged in more mate-guarding exhibited similar IgA
concentrations to those who engaged in little mate-guarding.
These patterns may reflect the low energetic costs of
mucosal immunity, or the complex dependence of IgA excretion
on individual condition. Adding a noninvasive measure of
mucosal immunity will promote a better understanding of how
ecology modulates possible tradeoffs between the immune
system and other energetically costly processes in the
wild.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.23093},
Key = {fds349049}
}
@article{fds363029,
Author = {Fogel, A and McLean, E and Gordon, J and Archie, E and Tung, J and Alberts,
S},
Title = {Genetic ancestry predicts male-female affiliation in a
natural baboon hybrid zone},
Year = {2020},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.28.358002},
Abstract = {<h4>ABSTRACT</h4> Opposite-sex social relationships are
important predictors of fitness in many animals, including
several group-living mammals. Consequently, understanding
sources of variance in the tendency to form opposite-sex
relationships is important for understanding social
evolution. Genetic contributions are of particular interest
due to their importance in long-term evolutionary change,
but little is known about genetic effects on male-female
relationships in social mammals, especially outside of the
mating context. Here, we investigate the effects of genetic
ancestry on male-female affiliative behavior in a hybrid
zone between the yellow baboon ( Papio cynocephalus ) and
the anubis baboon ( P. anubis ), in a population in which
male-female social bonds are known predictors of lifespan.
We place our analysis within the context of other social and
demographic predictors of affiliative behavior in baboons.
Genetic ancestry was the most consistent predictor of
opposite-sex affiliative behavior we observed, with the
exception of strong effects of dominance rank. Our results
show that increased anubis genetic ancestry is associated
with subtly, but significantly higher rates of opposite-sex
affiliative behavior, in both males and females.
Additionally, pairs of anubis-like males and anubis-like
females were the most likely to socially affiliate,
resulting in moderate assortativity in grooming and
proximity behavior as a function of genetic ancestry. Our
findings indicate that opposite-sex affiliative behavior
partially diverged during baboon evolution to differentiate
yellow and anubis baboons, despite overall similarities in
their social structures and mating systems. Further, they
suggest that affiliative behavior may simultaneously promote
and constrain baboon admixture, through additive and
assortative effects of ancestry, respectively.
<h4>HIGHLIGHTS</h4> Opposite-sex social relationships can
have important fitness consequences. In hybrid baboons,
genetic ancestry predicted male-female affiliative behavior.
Both an individual’s genetic ancestry and that of its
social partner mattered. Male-female affiliation was
assortative with respect to genetic ancestry. Dominance rank
and group demography also influenced male-female social
affiliation.},
Doi = {10.1101/2020.10.28.358002},
Key = {fds363029}
}
@article{fds363829,
Author = {Anderson, J and Johnston, R and Lea, A and Campos, F and Voyles, T and Akinyi, M and Alberts, S and Archie, E and Tung, J},
Title = {The costs of competition: high social status males
experience accelerated epigenetic aging in wild
baboons},
Year = {2020},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.22.961052},
Abstract = {Aging, for virtually all life, is inescapable. However,
within populations, biological aging rates vary.
Understanding sources of variation in this process is
central to understanding the biodemography of natural
populations. We constructed a DNA methylation-based age
predictor for an intensively studied wild baboon population
in Kenya. Consistent with findings in humans, the resulting
“epigenetic clock” closely tracks chronological age, but
individuals are predicted to be somewhat older or younger
than their known ages. Surprisingly, these deviations are
not explained by the strongest predictors of lifespan in
this population, early adversity and social integration.
Instead, they are best predicted by male dominance rank:
high-ranking males are predicted to be older than their true
ages, and epigenetic age tracks changes in rank over time.
Our results argue that achieving high rank for male
baboons—the best predictor of reproductive
success—imposes costs consistent with a “live fast, die
young” life history strategy.},
Doi = {10.1101/2020.02.22.961052},
Key = {fds363829}
}
@article{fds349050,
Author = {McLean, EM and Archie, EA and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Lifetime Fitness in Wild Female Baboons: Trade-Offs and
Individual Heterogeneity in Quality.},
Journal = {The American naturalist},
Volume = {194},
Number = {6},
Pages = {745-759},
Year = {2019},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/705810},
Abstract = {Understanding the evolution of life histories requires
information on how life histories vary among individuals and
how such variation predicts individual fitness. Using
complete life histories for females in a well-studied
population of wild baboons, we tested two nonexclusive
hypotheses about the relationships among survival,
reproduction, and fitness: the quality hypothesis, which
predicts positive correlations between life-history traits,
mediated by variation in resource acquisition, and the
trade-off hypothesis, which predicts negative correlations
between life-history traits, mediated by trade-offs in
resource allocation. In support of the quality hypothesis,
we found that females with higher rates of offspring
survival were themselves better at surviving. Further, after
statistically controlling for variation in female quality,
we found evidence for two types of trade-offs: females who
produced surviving offspring at a slower rate had longer
life spans than those who produced surviving offspring at a
faster rate, and females who produced surviving offspring at
a slower rate had a higher overall proportion of offspring
survive infancy than females who produced surviving
offspring at a faster rate. Importantly, these trade-offs
were evident even when accounting for (i) the influence of
offspring survival on maternal birth rate, (ii) the
dependence of offspring survival on maternal survival, and
(iii) potential age-related changes in birth rate and/or
offspring survival. Our results shed light on why trade-offs
are evident in some populations while variation in
individual quality masks trade-offs in others.},
Doi = {10.1086/705810},
Key = {fds349050}
}
@article{fds347006,
Author = {Fischer, J and Higham, JP and Alberts, SC and Barrett, L and Beehner,
JC and Bergman, TJ and Carter, AJ and Collins, A and Elton, S and Fagot, J and Ferreira da Silva and MJ and Hammerschmidt, K and Henzi, P and Jolly,
CJ and Knauf, S and Kopp, GH and Rogers, J and Roos, C and Ross, C and Seyfarth, RM and Silk, J and Snyder-Mackler, N and Staedele, V and Swedell, L and Wilson, ML and Zinner, D},
Title = {Insights into the evolution of social systems and species
from baboon studies.},
Journal = {eLife},
Volume = {8},
Pages = {e50989},
Year = {2019},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.50989},
Abstract = {Baboons, members of the genus <i>Papio,</i> comprise six
closely related species distributed throughout sub-Saharan
Africa and southwest Arabia. The species exhibit more
ecological flexibility and a wider range of social systems
than many other primates. This article summarizes our
current knowledge of the natural history of baboons and
highlights directions for future research. We suggest that
baboons can serve as a valuable model for complex
evolutionary processes, such as speciation and
hybridization. The evolution of baboons has been heavily
shaped by climatic changes and population expansion and
fragmentation in the African savanna environment, similar to
the processes that acted during human evolution. With
accumulating long-term data, and new data from previously
understudied species, baboons are ideally suited for
investigating the links between sociality, health, longevity
and reproductive success. To achieve these aims, we propose
a closer integration of studies at the proximate level,
including functional genomics, with behavioral and
ecological studies.},
Doi = {10.7554/elife.50989},
Key = {fds347006}
}
@article{fds349051,
Author = {Habig, B and Jansen, DAWAM and Akinyi, MY and Gesquiere, LR and Alberts,
SC and Archie, EA},
Title = {Multi-scale predictors of parasite risk in wild male savanna
baboons (Papio cynocephalus)},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Volume = {73},
Number = {10},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {2019},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-019-2748-y},
Abstract = {Abstract: Several factors are thought to shape male parasite
risk in polygynous and polygynandrous mammals, including
male-male competition, investment in potentially
immunosuppressive hormones, and dispersal. Parasitism is
also driven by processes occurring at larger scales,
including host social groups and populations. To date,
studies that test parasite-related costs of male behavior at
all three scales—individual hosts, social groups, and the
host population—remain rare. To fill this gap, we
investigated multi-scale predictors of helminth parasitism
in 97 male savanna baboons (Papio cynocephalus) living in
the Amboseli ecosystem in Kenya over a 5-year span.
Controlling for multi-scale processes, we found that many of
the classic indicators of male mating effort—high
dominance rank, testosterone, and glucocorticoids—did not
predict helminth infection risk. However, we identified two
parasite-related costs associated with male behavior: (i)
socially connected males exhibited higher Trichuris
trichiura egg counts and greater parasite species richness
than socially isolated males and (ii) males with stable
group residency exhibited higher parasite species richness
than males who frequently dispersed to new social groups. At
the population level, males harbored more parasites
following periods of drought than rainfall. Lastly,
parasites exhibited positive covariance suggesting that
infection risk increases if a host already harbors one or
more parasite taxa. These results indicate that multi-scale
processes are important in driving male parasite risk and
that some aspects of male behavior are costly. Together, our
results provide an unusually holistic perspective on the
drivers of parasite risk in the context of male behaviors
and life histories. Significance statement: Infection by
gastrointestinal helminths can have major consequences for
host fitness, especially in the context of male mating
effort. Multi-scale processes—from the host to its social
group and population—are important for understanding key
drivers of parasitism. We leveraged long-term data from one
of the longest running behavioral ecology studies of a wild
primate population in the world, the well-studied Amboseli
baboon population in Kenya. We found that traditional
indicators of male mating effort (attaining high dominance
rank, high testosterone and glucocorticoids) did not predict
parasitism. However, male social connectedness to females,
competitive group demography, and harsh weather were all
associated with higher parasitism. Because socially
connected males faced the highest parasite risk, males may
face a tradeoff between male-female relationships and
parasitism. Our results show how processes at multiple
scales contribute to variation in male parasite
risk.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00265-019-2748-y},
Key = {fds349051}
}
@article{fds346370,
Author = {Zipple, MN and Archie, EA and Tung, J and Altmann, J and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Intergenerational effects of early adversity on survival in
wild baboons.},
Journal = {eLife},
Volume = {8},
Pages = {e47433},
Year = {2019},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.47433},
Abstract = {Early life adversity can affect an individual's health,
survival, and fertility for many years after the adverse
experience. Whether early life adversity also imposes
intergenerational effects on the exposed individual's
offspring is not well understood. We fill this gap by
leveraging prospective, longitudinal data on a wild,
long-lived primate. We find that juveniles whose mothers
experienced early life adversity exhibit high mortality
before age 4, independent of the juvenile's own experience
of early adversity. These juveniles often preceded their
mothers in death by 1 to 2 years, indicating that high
adversity females decline in their ability to raise
offspring near the end of life. While we cannot exclude
direct effects of a parent's environment on offspring
quality (e.g., inherited epigenetic changes), our results
are completely consistent with a classic parental effect, in
which the environment experienced by a parent affects its
future phenotype and therefore its offspring's
phenotype.},
Doi = {10.7554/elife.47433},
Key = {fds346370}
}
@article{fds343201,
Author = {Akinyi, MY and Jansen, D and Habig, B and Gesquiere, LR and Alberts, SC and Archie, EA},
Title = {Costs and drivers of helminth parasite infection in wild
female baboons.},
Journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
Volume = {88},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1029-1043},
Year = {2019},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12994},
Abstract = {Helminth parasites can have wide-ranging, detrimental
effects on host reproduction and survival. These effects are
best documented in humans and domestic animals, while only a
few studies in wild mammals have identified both the forces
that drive helminth infection risk and their costs to
individual fitness. Working in a well-studied population of
wild baboons (Papio cynocephalus) in the Amboseli ecosystem
in Kenya, we pursued two goals, to (a) examine the costs of
helminth infections in terms of female fertility and
glucocorticoid hormone levels and (b) test how processes
operating at multiple scales-from individual hosts to social
groups and the population at large-work together to predict
variation in female infection risk. To accomplish these
goals, we measured helminth parasite burdens in 745 faecal
samples collected over 5 years from 122 female baboons. We
combine these data with detailed observations of host
environments, social behaviours, hormone levels and
interbirth intervals (IBIs). We found that helminths are
costly to female fertility: females infected with more
diverse parasite communities (i.e., higher parasite
richness) exhibited longer IBIs than females infected by
fewer parasite taxa. We also found that females exhibiting
high Trichuris trichiura egg counts also had high
glucocorticoid levels. Female infection risk was best
predicted by factors at the host, social group and
population level: females facing the highest risk were old,
socially isolated, living in dry conditions and infected
with other helminths. Our results provide an unusually
holistic understanding of the factors that contribute to
inter-individual differences in parasite infection, and they
contribute to just a handful of studies linking helminths to
host fitness in wild mammals.},
Doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.12994},
Key = {fds343201}
}
@article{fds341322,
Author = {Noonan, MJ and Tucker, MA and Fleming, CH and Akre, TS and Alberts, SC and Ali, AH and Altmann, J and Antunes, PC and Belant, JL and Beyer, D and Blaum, N and Böhning-Gaese, K and Cullen, L and de Paula, RC and Dekker, J and Drescher-Lehman, J and Farwig, N and Fichtel, C and Fischer, C and Ford, AT and Goheen, JR and Janssen, R and Jeltsch, F and Kauffman, M and Kappeler, PM and Koch, F and LaPoint, S and Markham, AC and Medici, EP and Morato, RG and Nathan, R and Oliveira-Santos, LGR and Olson, KA and Patterson, BD and Paviolo, A and Ramalho, EE and Rösner,
S and Schabo, DG and Selva, N and Sergiel, A and Xavier da Silva and M and Spiegel, O and Thompson, P and Ullmann, W and Zięba, F and Zwijacz-Kozica, T and Fagan, WF and Mueller, T and Calabrese,
JM},
Title = {A comprehensive analysis of autocorrelation and bias in home
range estimation},
Journal = {Ecological Monographs},
Volume = {89},
Number = {2},
Year = {2019},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1344},
Abstract = {Home range estimation is routine practice in ecological
research. While advances in animal tracking technology have
increased our capacity to collect data to support home range
analysis, these same advances have also resulted in
increasingly autocorrelated data. Consequently, the question
of which home range estimator to use on modern, highly
autocorrelated tracking data remains open. This question is
particularly relevant given that most estimators assume
independently sampled data. Here, we provide a comprehensive
evaluation of the effects of autocorrelation on home range
estimation. We base our study on an extensive data set of
GPS locations from 369 individuals representing 27 species
distributed across five continents. We first assemble a
broad array of home range estimators, including Kernel
Density Estimation (KDE) with four bandwidth optimizers
(Gaussian reference function, autocorrelated-Gaussian
reference function [AKDE], Silverman's rule of thumb, and
least squares cross-validation), Minimum Convex Polygon, and
Local Convex Hull methods. Notably, all of these estimators
except AKDE assume independent and identically distributed
(IID) data. We then employ half-sample cross-validation to
objectively quantify estimator performance, and the recently
introduced effective sample size for home range area
estimation ((Formula presented.)) to quantify the
information content of each data set. We found that AKDE 95%
area estimates were larger than conventional IID-based
estimates by a mean factor of 2. The median number of
cross-validated locations included in the hold-out sets by
AKDE 95% (or 50%) estimates was 95.3% (or 50.1%), confirming
the larger AKDE ranges were appropriately selective at the
specified quantile. Conversely, conventional estimates
exhibited negative bias that increased with decreasing
(Formula presented.). To contextualize our empirical
results, we performed a detailed simulation study to tease
apart how sampling frequency, sampling duration, and the
focal animal's movement conspire to affect range estimates.
Paralleling our empirical results, the simulation study
demonstrated that AKDE was generally more accurate than
conventional methods, particularly for small (Formula
presented.). While 72% of the 369 empirical data sets had
>1,000 total observations, only 4% had an (Formula
presented.) >1,000, where 30% had an (Formula presented.)
<30. In this frequently encountered scenario of small
(Formula presented.), AKDE was the only estimator capable of
producing an accurate home range estimate on autocorrelated
data.},
Doi = {10.1002/ecm.1344},
Key = {fds341322}
}
@article{fds342537,
Author = {Zipple, MN and Roberts, EK and Alberts, SC and Beehner,
JC},
Title = {Male-mediated prenatal loss: Functions and
mechanisms.},
Journal = {Evolutionary anthropology},
Volume = {28},
Number = {3},
Pages = {114-125},
Year = {2019},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.21776},
Abstract = {Sexually selected infanticide has been the subject of
intense empirical and theoretical study for decades; a
related phenomenon, male-mediated prenatal loss, has
received much less attention in evolutionary studies.
Male-mediated prenatal loss occurs when inseminated or
pregnant females terminate reproductive effort following
exposure to a nonsire male, either through implantation
failure or pregnancy termination. Male-mediated prenatal
loss encompasses two sub-phenomena: sexually selected
feticide and the Bruce effect. In this review, we provide a
framework that explains the relationship between feticide
and the Bruce effect and describes what is known about the
proximate and ultimate mechanisms involved in each. Using a
simple model, we demonstrate that male-mediated prenatal
loss can provide greater reproductive benefits to males than
infanticide. We therefore suggest that, compared to
infanticide, male-mediated prenatal loss may be more
prevalent in mammalian species and may have played a greater
role in their social evolution than has previously been
documented.},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.21776},
Key = {fds342537}
}
@article{fds342749,
Author = {Grieneisen, LE and Charpentier, MJE and Alberts, SC and Blekhman, R and Bradburd, G and Tung, J and Archie, EA},
Title = {Genes, geology and germs: gut microbiota across a primate
hybrid zone are explained by site soil properties, not host
species.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {286},
Number = {1901},
Pages = {20190431},
Year = {2019},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0431},
Abstract = {Gut microbiota in geographically isolated host populations
are often distinct. These differences have been attributed
to between-population differences in host behaviours,
environments, genetics and geographical distance. However,
which factors are most important remains unknown. Here, we
fill this gap for baboons by leveraging information on 13
environmental variables from 14 baboon populations spanning
a natural hybrid zone. Sampling across a hybrid zone allowed
us to additionally test whether phylosymbiosis
(codiversification between hosts and their microbiota) is
detectable in admixed, closely related primates. We found
little evidence of genetic effects: none of host genetic
ancestry, host genetic relatedness nor genetic distance
between host populations were strong predictors of baboon
gut microbiota. Instead, gut microbiota were best explained
by the baboons' environments, especially the soil's geologic
history and exchangeable sodium. Indeed, soil effects were
15 times stronger than those of host-population
F<sub>ST,</sub> perhaps because soil predicts which foods
are present, or because baboons are terrestrial and consume
soil microbes incidentally with their food. Our results
support an emerging picture in which environmental variation
is the dominant predictor of host-associated microbiomes. We
are the first to show that such effects overshadow host
species identity among members of the same primate
genus.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2019.0431},
Key = {fds342749}
}
@article{fds340889,
Author = {Wango, TL and Musiega, D and Mundia, CN and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC and Tung, J},
Title = {Climate and Land Cover Analysis Suggest No Strong Ecological
Barriers to Gene Flow in a Natural Baboon Hybrid
Zone},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {40},
Number = {1},
Pages = {53-70},
Year = {2019},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-017-9989-2},
Abstract = {Admixture between diverging taxa has made, and continues to
make, an important contribution to primate diversity and
evolution. However, although naturally occurring hybrids
have now been documented in all major primate lineages, we
still know relatively little about the factors that shape
when and where admixture occurs. Baboons (genus Papio), in
which multiple natural hybrid zones are well described,
provide a valuable system to investigate these factors.
Here, we combined Geographic Information Systems and weather
station data with information on genetically characterized
populations in southern Kenya to investigate if ecological
variables present a potential barrier to gene flow between
anubis baboons and yellow baboons in the region.
Specifically, we asked if altitude, seasonal temperature, or
seasonal precipitation differ for weather stations in
anubis, yellow, or hybrid ranges in southern Kenya, and if
land cover or altitude covary with population ancestry near
the hybrid zone. Our analyses suggest that the range of
yellow baboons in Kenya is climatically distinct from the
range of anubis baboons, with hybrids in intermediate
regions. However, we identified no clear pattern of climate
or land cover differentiation near the hybrid zone itself.
Thus, when yellow baboons and anubis baboons come into
contact, our data suggest that the resulting population
composition is not consistently predicted by the ecological
variables we considered. Our results support the designation
of baboons as highly flexible “generalists,” and suggest
that more fine-grained analyses (e.g., relative success in
ecologically stressful years) may be necessary to detect
clear signals of ecological barriers to gene
flow.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-017-9989-2},
Key = {fds340889}
}
@article{fds340427,
Author = {Colchero, F and Jones, OR and Conde, DA and Hodgson, D and Zajitschek,
F and Schmidt, BR and Malo, AF and Alberts, SC and Becker, PH and Bouwhuis,
S and Bronikowski, AM and De Vleeschouwer and KM and Delahay, RJ and Dummermuth, S and Fernández-Duque, E and Frisenvaenge, J and Hesselsøe, M and Larson, S and Lemaître, J-F and McDonald, J and Miller, DAW and O'Donnell, C and Packer, C and Raboy, BE and Reading,
CJ and Wapstra, E and Weimerskirch, H and While, GM and Baudisch, A and Flatt, T and Coulson, T and Gaillard, J-M},
Title = {The diversity of population responses to environmental
change.},
Journal = {Ecology letters},
Volume = {22},
Number = {2},
Pages = {342-353},
Year = {2019},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.13195},
Abstract = {The current extinction and climate change crises pressure us
to predict population dynamics with ever-greater accuracy.
Although predictions rest on the well-advanced theory of
age-structured populations, two key issues remain poorly
explored. Specifically, how the age-dependency in
demographic rates and the year-to-year interactions between
survival and fecundity affect stochastic population growth
rates. We use inference, simulations and mathematical
derivations to explore how environmental perturbations
determine population growth rates for populations with
different age-specific demographic rates and when ages are
reduced to stages. We find that stage- vs. age-based models
can produce markedly divergent stochastic population growth
rates. The differences are most pronounced when there are
survival-fecundity-trade-offs, which reduce the variance in
the population growth rate. Finally, the expected value and
variance of the stochastic growth rates of populations with
different age-specific demographic rates can diverge to the
extent that, while some populations may thrive, others will
inevitably go extinct.},
Doi = {10.1111/ele.13195},
Key = {fds340427}
}
@article{fds335219,
Author = {Alberts, SC},
Title = {Social influences on survival and reproduction: Insights
from a long-term study of wild baboons.},
Journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
Volume = {88},
Number = {1},
Pages = {47-66},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12887},
Abstract = {For social species, the environment has two components:
physical and social. The social environment modifies the
individual's interaction with the physical environment, and
the physical environment may in turn impact individuals'
social relationships. This interplay can generate
considerable variation among individuals in survival and
reproduction. Here, I synthesize more than four decades of
research on the baboons of the Amboseli basin in southern
Kenya to illustrate how social and physical environments
interact to affect reproduction and survival. For immature
baboons, social behaviour can both mitigate and exacerbate
the challenge of survival. Only c. 50% of live-born females
and c. 44% of live-born males reach the median age of first
reproduction. Variation in pre-adult survival, growth and
development is associated with multiple aspects of the
social environment. For instance, conspecifics provide
direct care and are a major source of social knowledge about
food and the environment, but conspecifics can also
represent a direct threat to survival through infanticide.
In adulthood, both competition (within and between social
groups) and cooperative affiliation (i.e. collective action
and/or the exchange of social resources such as grooming)
are prominent features of baboon social life and have
important consequences for reproduction and survival. For
instance, adult females with higher social dominance ranks
have accelerated reproduction, and adult females that engage
in more frequent affiliative social interactions have higher
survival throughout adulthood. The early life environment
also has important consequences for adult reproduction and
survival, as in a number of other bird and mammal species.
In seasonal breeders, early life effects often apply to
entire cohorts; in contrast, in nonseasonal and highly
social species such as baboons, early life effects are more
individual-specific, stemming from considerable variation
not only in the early physical environment (even if they are
born in the same year) but also in the particulars of their
social environment.},
Doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.12887},
Key = {fds335219}
}
@article{fds339382,
Author = {Reese, AT and Pereira, FC and Schintlmeister, A and Berry, D and Wagner,
M and Hale, LP and Wu, A and Jiang, S and Durand, HK and Zhou, X and Premont,
RT and Diehl, AM and O'Connell, TM and Alberts, SC and Kartzinel, TR and Pringle, RM and Dunn, RR and Wright, JP and David,
LA},
Title = {Microbial nitrogen limitation in the mammalian large
intestine.},
Journal = {Nat Microbiol},
Volume = {3},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1441-1450},
Year = {2018},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41564-018-0267-7},
Abstract = {Resource limitation is a fundamental factor governing the
composition and function of ecological communities. However,
the role of resource supply in structuring the intestinal
microbiome has not been established and represents a
challenge for mammals that rely on microbial symbionts for
digestion: too little supply might starve the microbiome
while too much might starve the host. We present evidence
that microbiota occupy a habitat that is limited in total
nitrogen supply within the large intestines of 30 mammal
species. Lowering dietary protein levels in mice reduced
their faecal concentrations of bacteria. A gradient of
stoichiometry along the length of the gut was consistent
with the hypothesis that intestinal nitrogen limitation
results from host absorption of dietary nutrients. Nitrogen
availability is also likely to be shaped by host-microbe
interactions: levels of host-secreted nitrogen were altered
in germ-free mice and when bacterial loads were reduced via
experimental antibiotic treatment. Single-cell spectrometry
revealed that members of the phylum Bacteroidetes consumed
nitrogen in the large intestine more readily than other
commensal taxa did. Our findings support a model where
nitrogen limitation arises from preferential host use of
dietary nutrients. We speculate that this resource
limitation could enable hosts to regulate microbial
communities in the large intestine. Commensal microbiota may
have adapted to nitrogen-limited settings, suggesting one
reason why excess dietary protein has been associated with
degraded gut-microbial ecosystems.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41564-018-0267-7},
Key = {fds339382}
}
@article{fds340052,
Author = {Lea, AJ and Akinyi, MY and Nyakundi, R and Mareri, P and Nyundo, F and Kariuki, T and Alberts, SC and Archie, EA and Tung,
J},
Title = {Dominance rank-associated gene expression is widespread,
sex-specific, and a precursor to high social status in wild
male baboons.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {115},
Number = {52},
Pages = {E12163-E12171},
Year = {2018},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811967115},
Abstract = {In humans and other hierarchical species, social status is
tightly linked to variation in health and fitness-related
traits. Experimental manipulations of social status in
female rhesus macaques suggest that this relationship is
partially explained by status effects on immune gene
regulation. However, social hierarchies are established and
maintained in different ways across species: While some are
based on kin-directed nepotism, others emerge from direct
physical competition. We investigated how this variation
influences the relationship between social status and immune
gene regulation in wild baboons, where hierarchies in males
are based on fighting ability but female hierarchies are
nepotistic. We measured rank-related variation in gene
expression levels in adult baboons of both sexes at baseline
and in response to ex vivo stimulation with the bacterial
endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We identified >2,000
rank-associated genes in males, an order of magnitude more
than in females. In males, high status predicted increased
expression of genes involved in innate immunity and
preferential activation of the NF-κB-mediated
proinflammatory pathway, a pattern previously associated
with low status in female rhesus macaques. Using Mendelian
randomization, we reconcile these observations by
demonstrating that high status-associated gene expression
patterns are precursors, not consequences, of high social
status in males, in support of the idea that physiological
condition determines who attains high rank. Together, our
work provides a test of the relationship between social
status and immune gene regulation in wild primates. It also
emphasizes the importance of social context in shaping the
relationship between social status and immune
function.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1811967115},
Key = {fds340052}
}
@article{fds332674,
Author = {Gesquiere, LR and Altmann, J and Archie, EA and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Interbirth intervals in wild baboons: Environmental
predictors and hormonal correlates.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {166},
Number = {1},
Pages = {107-126},
Year = {2018},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23407},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Interbirth intervals (IBIs) are a key
metric of female reproductive success; understanding how
they are regulated by environmental, social, and demographic
factors can provide insight into sources of variance in
female fitness.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>Using 36 years
of reproductive data on 490 IBIs for 160 wild female
baboons, we identified sources of variance in the duration
of IBIs and of their component phases: postpartum amenorrhea
(PPA), sexual cycling, and pregnancy. We also examined how
body fat and fecal hormone concentrations varied during
female IBIs.<h4>Results</h4>We found that IBIs tended to be
shorter (reproduction was accelerated) when female traits
and environmental variables promoted energy acquisition, but
with different specific effects for different component
phases of the IBI. We also found that females lost a
substantial amount of body fat during PPA, indicating that
PPA imposes accumulating energetic costs as it progresses.
Prior to cycle resumption females began to regain body fat;
body fat was stable across the cycling phase and increased
throughout most of pregnancy. However, body fat scores per
se were not associated with the duration of any of the
component phases. Finally, we found that fecal
glucocorticoid concentrations decreased as PPA progressed,
suggesting a decline in energetic stress over this phase.
Fecal progestogen and estrogen concentrations changed over
time during sexual cycling; the direction of these changes
depended on the phase of the sexual cycle (luteal versus
early or late follicular phases).<h4>Discussion</h4>Our
study lends insight into the energetic constraints on female
primate reproduction, revealing how female environments,
changes in body fat, and steroid hormone concentrations
relate to IBI duration and to reproductive
readiness.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23407},
Key = {fds332674}
}
@article{fds332675,
Author = {Gesquiere, LR and Pugh, M and Alberts, SC and Markham,
AC},
Title = {Estimation of energetic condition in wild baboons using
fecal thyroid hormone determination.},
Journal = {General and comparative endocrinology},
Volume = {260},
Pages = {9-17},
Year = {2018},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.02.004},
Abstract = {Understanding how environmental and social factors affect
reproduction through variation in energetic condition
remains understudied in wild animals, in large part because
accurately and repeatedly measuring energetic condition in
the wild is a challenge. Thyroid hormones (THs), such as
triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), have a key role in
mitigating metabolic responses to energy intake and
expenditure, and therefore are considered important
biomarkers of an animal's energetic condition. Recent method
development has shown that T3 and T4 metabolites can be
measured in feces, but studies measuring THs in wild
populations remain rare. Here we measured fecal T3
metabolites (mT3) in baboons, and tested whether the
conditions of collection and storage used for steroid
hormones could also be used for mT3; we focused on mT3 as it
is the biologically active form of TH and because fecal T4
metabolites (mT4) were below detection levels in our
samples. We also tested if mT3 could be determined in
freeze-dried samples stored for long periods of time, and if
these concentrations reflected expected biological
variations across seasons and reproductive states. Our
results show that mT3 can be measured with accuracy and
precision in baboon feces. The conditions of collection and
storage we use for steroid hormones are appropriate for mT3
determination. In addition, mT3 concentrations can be
determined in samples stored at -20 °C for up to
9 years, and are not predicted by the amount of time in
storage. As expected, wild female baboons have lower mT3
concentrations during the dry season. Interestingly, mT3
concentrations are lower in pregnant and lactating females,
possibly reflecting an energy sparing mechanism. Retroactive
determination of mT3 concentration in stored, freeze-dried
feces opens the door to novel studies on the role of
energetic condition on fitness in wild animals.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.02.004},
Key = {fds332675}
}
@article{fds332676,
Author = {Tucker, MA and Böhning-Gaese, K and Fagan, WF and Fryxell, JM and Van
Moorter, B and Alberts, SC and Ali, AH and Allen, AM and Attias, N and Avgar, T and Bartlam-Brooks, H and Bayarbaatar, B and Belant, JL and Bertassoni, A and Beyer, D and Bidner, L and van Beest, FM and Blake, S and Blaum, N and Bracis, C and Brown, D and de Bruyn, PJN and Cagnacci, F and Calabrese, JM and Camilo-Alves, C and Chamaillé-Jammes, S and Chiaradia, A and Davidson, SC and Dennis, T and DeStefano, S and Diefenbach, D and Douglas-Hamilton, I and Fennessy, J and Fichtel, C and Fiedler, W and Fischer, C and Fischhoff, I and Fleming, CH and Ford, AT and Fritz, SA and Gehr, B and Goheen, JR and Gurarie, E and Hebblewhite, M and Heurich, M and Hewison, AJM and Hof, C and Hurme, E and Isbell, LA and Janssen, R and Jeltsch, F and Kaczensky, P and Kane, A and Kappeler, PM and Kauffman, M and Kays, R and Kimuyu, D and Koch, F and Kranstauber, B and LaPoint, S and Leimgruber, P and Linnell, JDC and López-López, P and Markham, AC and Mattisson, J and Medici, EP and Mellone, U and Merrill,
E and de Miranda Mourão and G and Morato, RG and Morellet, N and Morrison,
TA and Díaz-Muñoz, SL and Mysterud, A and Nandintsetseg, D and Nathan,
R and Niamir, A and Odden, J and O'Hara, RB and Oliveira-Santos, LGR and Olson, KA and Patterson, BD and Cunha de Paula and R and Pedrotti, L and Reineking, B and Rimmler, M and Rogers, TL and Rolandsen, CM and Rosenberry, CS and Rubenstein, DI and Safi, K and Saïd, S and Sapir, N and Sawyer, H and Schmidt, NM and Selva, N and Sergiel, A and Shiilegdamba,
E and Silva, JP and Singh, N and Solberg, EJ and Spiegel, O and Strand, O and Sundaresan, S and Ullmann, W and Voigt, U and Wall, J and Wattles, D and Wikelski, M and Wilmers, CC and Wilson, JW and Wittemyer, G and Zięba,
F and Zwijacz-Kozica, T and Mueller, T},
Title = {Moving in the Anthropocene: Global reductions in terrestrial
mammalian movements.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {359},
Number = {6374},
Pages = {466-469},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aam9712},
Abstract = {Animal movement is fundamental for ecosystem functioning and
species survival, yet the effects of the anthropogenic
footprint on animal movements have not been estimated across
species. Using a unique GPS-tracking database of 803
individuals across 57 species, we found that movements of
mammals in areas with a comparatively high human footprint
were on average one-half to one-third the extent of their
movements in areas with a low human footprint. We attribute
this reduction to behavioral changes of individual animals
and to the exclusion of species with long-range movements
from areas with higher human impact. Global loss of vagility
alters a key ecological trait of animals that affects not
only population persistence but also ecosystem processes
such as predator-prey interactions, nutrient cycling, and
disease transmission.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.aam9712},
Key = {fds332676}
}
@article{fds335220,
Author = {Lea, A and Akinyi, M and Nyakundi, R and Mareri, P and Nyundo, F and Kariuki, T and Alberts, S and Archie, E and Tung,
J},
Title = {Dominance rank-associated immune gene expression is
widespread, sex-specific, and a precursor to high social
status in wild male baboons},
Year = {2018},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/366021},
Abstract = {<h4>ABSTRACT</h4> In humans and other hierarchical species,
social status is tightly linked to variation in health and
fitness-related traits. Experimental manipulations of social
status in female rhesus macaques suggest that this
relationship is partially explained by status effects on
immune gene regulation. However, social hierarchies are
established and maintained in different ways across species:
while some are based on kin-directed nepotism, others emerge
from direct physical competition. We investigated how this
variation influences the relationship between social status
and immune gene regulation in wild baboons, where
hierarchies in males are based on fighting ability but
female hierarchies are nepotistic. We measured rank-related
variation in gene expression levels in adult baboons of both
sexes at baseline and in response to ex vivo stimulation
with the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We
identified >2000 rank- associated genes in males, an order
of magnitude more than in females. In males, high status
predicted increased expression of genes involved in innate
immunity and preferential activation of the NFkB-mediated
pro-inflammatory pathway, a pattern previously associated
with low status in female rhesus macaques. Using Mendelian
randomization, we reconcile these observations by
demonstrating that high status-associated gene expression
patterns are precursors, not consequences, of high social
status in males, in support of the idea that physiological
condition determines who attains high rank. Together, our
work provides the first test of the relationship between
social status and immune gene regulation in wild primates.
It also emphasizes the importance of social context in
shaping the relationship between social status and immune
function. <h4>SIGNIFICANCE</h4> Social status predicts
fitness outcomes in social animals, motivating efforts to
understand its physiological causes and consequences. We
investigated the relationship between social status and
immune gene expression in wild baboons, where female status
is determined by kinship but male status is determined by
fighting ability. We uncover pervasive status-gene
expression associations in males, but not females. High
status males exhibit high levels of pro-inflammatory gene
expression, in contrast to previous findings in hierarchies
that are not competitively determined. Using Mendelian
randomization, we show that this status-associated variation
precedes dominance rank attainment: males who compete
successfully for high status are already immunologically
distinct. The nature of social hierarchies thus
fundamentally shapes the relationship between social status
and immune function.},
Doi = {10.1101/366021},
Key = {fds335220}
}
@article{fds326807,
Author = {Campos, FA and Morris, WF and Alberts, SC and Altmann, J and Brockman,
DK and Cords, M and Pusey, A and Stoinski, TS and Strier, KB and Fedigan,
LM},
Title = {Does climate variability influence the demography of wild
primates? Evidence from long-term life-history data in seven
species.},
Journal = {Global change biology},
Volume = {23},
Number = {11},
Pages = {4907-4921},
Year = {2017},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13754},
Abstract = {Earth's rapidly changing climate creates a growing need to
understand how demographic processes in natural populations
are affected by climate variability, particularly among
organisms threatened by extinction. Long-term, large-scale,
and cross-taxon studies of vital rate variation in relation
to climate variability can be particularly valuable because
they can reveal environmental drivers that affect multiple
species over extensive regions. Few such data exist for
animals with slow life histories, particularly in the
tropics, where climate variation over large-scale space is
asynchronous. As our closest relatives, nonhuman primates
are especially valuable as a resource to understand the
roles of climate variability and climate change in human
evolutionary history. Here, we provide the first
comprehensive investigation of vital rate variation in
relation to climate variability among wild primates. We ask
whether primates are sensitive to global changes that are
universal (e.g., higher temperature, large-scale climate
oscillations) or whether they are more sensitive to global
change effects that are local (e.g., more rain in some
places), which would complicate predictions of how primates
in general will respond to climate change. To address these
questions, we use a database of long-term life-history data
for natural populations of seven primate species that have
been studied for 29-52 years to investigate associations
between vital rate variation, local climate variability, and
global climate oscillations. Associations between vital
rates and climate variability varied among species and
depended on the time windows considered, highlighting the
importance of temporal scale in detection of such effects.
We found strong climate signals in the fertility rates of
three species. However, survival, which has a greater impact
on population growth, was little affected by climate
variability. Thus, we found evidence for demographic
buffering of life histories, but also evidence of mechanisms
by which climate change could affect the fates of wild
primates.},
Doi = {10.1111/gcb.13754},
Key = {fds326807}
}
@article{fds331196,
Author = {Grieneisen, LE and Livermore, J and Alberts, S and Tung, J and Archie,
EA},
Title = {Group Living and Male Dispersal Predict the Core Gut
Microbiome in Wild Baboons.},
Journal = {Integrative and comparative biology},
Volume = {57},
Number = {4},
Pages = {770-785},
Year = {2017},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icx046},
Abstract = {The mammalian gut microbiome plays a profound role in the
physiology, metabolism, and overall health of its host.
However, biologists have only a nascent understanding of the
forces that drive inter-individual heterogeneity in gut
microbial composition, especially the role of host social
environment. Here we used 178 samples from 78 wild yellow
baboons (Papio cynocephalus) living in two social groups to
test how host social context, including group living, social
interactions within groups, and transfer between social
groups (e.g., dispersal) predict inter-individual variation
in gut microbial alpha and beta diversity. We also tested
whether social effects differed for prevalent "core" gut
microbial taxa, which are thought to provide primary
functions to hosts, versus rare "non-core" microbes, which
may represent relatively transient environmental
acquisitions. Confirming prior studies, we found that each
social group harbored a distinct gut microbial community.
These differences included both non-core and core gut
microbial taxa, suggesting that these effects are not solely
driven by recent gut microbial exposures. Within social
groups, close grooming partners had more similar core
microbiomes, but not non-core microbiomes, than individuals
who rarely groomed each other, even controlling for kinship
and diet similarity between grooming partners. Finally, in
support of the idea that the gut microbiome can be altered
by current social context, we found that the longer an
immigrant male had lived in a given social group, the more
closely his gut microbiome resembled the gut microbiomes of
the group's long-term residents. Together, these results
reveal the importance of a host's social context in shaping
the gut microbiome and shed new light onto the
microbiome-related consequences of male dispersal.},
Doi = {10.1093/icb/icx046},
Key = {fds331196}
}
@article{fds328092,
Author = {Akinyi, MY and Gesquiere, LR and Franz, M and Onyango, PO and Altmann,
J and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Hormonal correlates of natal dispersal and rank attainment
in wild male baboons.},
Journal = {Hormones and behavior},
Volume = {94},
Pages = {153-161},
Year = {2017},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.07.005},
Abstract = {In many mammals, maturational milestones such as dispersal
and the attainment of adult dominance rank mark stages in
the onset of reproductive activity and depend on a
coordinated set of hormonal and socio-behavioral changes.
Studies that focus on the link between hormones and
maturational milestones are uncommon in wild mammals because
of the challenges of obtaining adequate sample sizes of
maturing animals and of tracking the movements of dispersing
animals. We examined two maturational milestones in wild
male baboons-adult dominance rank attainment and natal
dispersal-and measured their association with variation in
glucocorticoids (fGC) and fecal testosterone (fT). We found
that rank attainment is associated with an increase in fGC
levels but not fT levels: males that have achieved any adult
rank have higher fGC than males that have not yet attained
an adult rank. This indicates that once males have attained
an adult rank they experience greater energetic and/or
psychosocial demands than they did prior to attaining this
milestone, most likely because of the resulting
participation in both agonistic and sexual behaviors that
accompany rank attainment. In contrast, natal dispersal does
not produce sustained increases in either fGC or fT levels,
suggesting that individuals are either well adapted to face
the challenges associated with dispersal or that the effects
of dispersal on hormone levels are ephemeral for male
baboons.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.07.005},
Key = {fds328092}
}
@article{fds325577,
Author = {Miller, EA and Livermore, JA and Alberts, SC and Tung, J and Archie,
EA},
Title = {Ovarian cycling and reproductive state shape the vaginal
microbiota in wild baboons.},
Journal = {Microbiome},
Volume = {5},
Number = {1},
Pages = {8},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40168-017-0228-z},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>The vaginal microbiome is an important
site of bacterial-mammalian symbiosis. This symbiosis is
currently best characterized for humans, where lactobacilli
dominate the microbial community and may help defend women
against infectious disease. However, lactobacilli do not
dominate the vaginal microbiota of any other mammal studied
to date, raising key questions about the forces that shape
the vaginal microbiome in non-human mammals.<h4>Results</h4>We
used Illumina sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene to
investigate variation in the taxonomic composition of the
vaginal microbiota in 48 baboons (Papio cynocephalus),
members of a well-studied wild population in Kenya. Similar
to prior studies, we found that the baboon vaginal
microbiota was not dominated by lactobacilli. Despite this
difference, and similar to humans, reproductive state was
the dominant predictor of baboon vaginal microbiota, with
pregnancy, postpartum amenorrhea, and ovarian cycling
explaining 18% of the variance in community composition.
Furthermore, among cycling females, a striking 39% of
variance in community composition was explained by ovarian
cycle phase, with an especially distinctive microbial
community around ovulation. Periovulatory females exhibited
the highest relative abundance of lactic acid-producing
bacteria compared to any other phase, with a mean relative
abundance of 44%. To a lesser extent, sexual behavior,
especially a history of shared sexual partners, also
predicted vaginal microbial similarity between
baboons.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Despite striking differences in
their dominant microbes, both human and baboon vaginal
microbiota exhibit profound changes in composition in
response to reproductive state, ovarian cycle phase, and
sexual behavior. We found major shifts in composition during
ovulation, which may have implications for disease risk and
conception success. These findings highlight the need for
future studies to account for fine-scale differences in
reproductive state, particularly differences between the
various phases of the ovarian cycle. Overall, our work
contributes to an emerging understanding of the forces that
explain intra- and inter-individual variation in the
mammalian vaginal microbiome, with particular emphasis on
its role in host health and disease risk.},
Doi = {10.1186/s40168-017-0228-z},
Key = {fds325577}
}
@article{fds335221,
Author = {Lea, AJ and Tung, J and Archie, EA and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Developmental plasticity: Bridging research in evolution and
human health.},
Journal = {Evolution, medicine, and public health},
Volume = {2017},
Number = {1},
Pages = {162-175},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eox019},
Abstract = {Early life experiences can have profound and persistent
effects on traits expressed throughout the life course, with
consequences for later life behavior, disease risk, and
mortality rates. The shaping of later life traits by early
life environments, known as 'developmental plasticity', has
been well-documented in humans and non-human animals, and
has consequently captured the attention of both evolutionary
biologists and researchers studying human health.
Importantly, the parallel significance of developmental
plasticity across multiple fields presents a timely
opportunity to build a comprehensive understanding of this
phenomenon. We aim to facilitate this goal by highlighting
key outstanding questions shared by both evolutionary and
health researchers, and by identifying theory and empirical
work from both research traditions that is designed to
address these questions. Specifically, we focus on: (i)
evolutionary explanations for developmental plasticity, (ii)
the genetics of developmental plasticity and (iii) the
molecular mechanisms that mediate developmental plasticity.
In each section, we emphasize the conceptual gains in human
health and evolutionary biology that would follow from
filling current knowledge gaps using interdisciplinary
approaches. We encourage researchers interested in
developmental plasticity to evaluate their own work in light
of research from diverse fields, with the ultimate goal of
establishing a cross-disciplinary understanding of
developmental plasticity.},
Doi = {10.1093/emph/eox019},
Key = {fds335221}
}
@article{fds335222,
Author = {Lea, AJ and Tung, J and Archie, EA and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Developmental plasticity research in evolution and human
health: Response to commentaries.},
Journal = {Evolution, medicine, and public health},
Volume = {2017},
Number = {1},
Pages = {201-205},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoy007},
Doi = {10.1093/emph/eoy007},
Key = {fds335222}
}
@article{fds324017,
Author = {Zipple, MN and Grady, JH and Gordon, JB and Chow, LD and Archie, EA and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Conditional fetal and infant killing by male
baboons.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {284},
Number = {1847},
Pages = {20162561},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2561},
Abstract = {Sexually selected feticide-the death of infants in utero as
a result of male behaviour-has only rarely been described or
analysed, although it is presumed to be favoured by the same
selective pressures that favour sexually selected
infanticide. To test this hypothesis, we measured the
frequency of feticide and infanticide by male baboons of the
Amboseli basin in Kenya, and examined which characteristics
of a male and his environment made him more likely to commit
feticide and/or infanticide. We found a dramatic increase in
fetal and infant death rates, but no increase in death rates
of 1- to 2-year-old individuals, following the immigration
of males who stood to benefit from feticide and infanticide.
Specifically, fetal and infant death rates were highest
following immigrations in which: (i) the immigrant male
rapidly attained high rank, (ii) that male remained
consistently resident in the group for at least three
months, (iii) food availability and social group range
overlap was relatively low and (iv) relatively many pregnant
females and/or dependent infants were present. Together,
these results provide strong evidence for the existence of
both sexually selected feticide and infanticide in our
population, and they indicate that feticide and infanticide
are conditional male behavioural strategies employed under
particular circumstances.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2016.2561},
Key = {fds324017}
}
@article{fds321554,
Author = {Colchero, F and Rau, R and Jones, OR and Barthold, JA and Conde, DA and Lenart, A and Nemeth, L and Scheuerlein, A and Schoeley, J and Torres,
C and Zarulli, V and Altmann, J and Brockman, DK and Bronikowski, AM and Fedigan, LM and Pusey, AE and Stoinski, TS and Strier, KB and Baudisch,
A and Alberts, SC and Vaupel, JW},
Title = {The emergence of longevous populations.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {113},
Number = {48},
Pages = {E7681-E7690},
Year = {2016},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1612191113},
Abstract = {The human lifespan has traversed a long evolutionary and
historical path, from short-lived primate ancestors to
contemporary Japan, Sweden, and other longevity
frontrunners. Analyzing this trajectory is crucial for
understanding biological and sociocultural processes that
determine the span of life. Here we reveal a fundamental
regularity. Two straight lines describe the joint rise of
life expectancy and lifespan equality: one for primates and
the second one over the full range of human experience from
average lifespans as low as 2 y during mortality crises to
more than 87 y for Japanese women today. Across the primate
order and across human populations, the lives of females
tend to be longer and less variable than the lives of males,
suggesting deep evolutionary roots to the male disadvantage.
Our findings cast fresh light on primate evolution and human
history, opening directions for research on inequality,
sociality, and aging.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1612191113},
Key = {fds321554}
}
@article{fds318015,
Author = {Wall, JD and Schlebusch, SA and Alberts, SC and Cox, LA and Snyder-Mackler, N and Nevonen, KA and Carbone, L and Tung,
J},
Title = {Genomewide ancestry and divergence patterns from
low-coverage sequencing data reveal a complex history of
admixture in wild baboons.},
Journal = {Molecular ecology},
Volume = {25},
Number = {14},
Pages = {3469-3483},
Year = {2016},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.13684},
Abstract = {Naturally occurring admixture has now been documented in
every major primate lineage, suggesting its key role in
primate evolutionary history. Active primate hybrid zones
can provide valuable insight into this process. Here, we
investigate the history of admixture in one of the
best-studied natural primate hybrid zones, between yellow
baboons (Papio cynocephalus) and anubis baboons (Papio
anubis) in the Amboseli ecosystem of Kenya. We generated a
new genome assembly for yellow baboon and low-coverage
genomewide resequencing data from yellow baboons, anubis
baboons and known hybrids (n = 44). Using a novel
composite likelihood method for estimating local ancestry
from low-coverage data, we found high levels of genetic
diversity and genetic differentiation between the parent
taxa, and excellent agreement between genome-scale ancestry
estimates and a priori pedigree, life history and
morphology-based estimates (r(2) = 0.899). However, even
putatively unadmixed Amboseli yellow individuals carried a
substantial proportion of anubis ancestry, presumably due to
historical admixture. Further, the distribution of shared
vs. fixed differences between a putatively unadmixed
Amboseli yellow baboon and an unadmixed anubis baboon, both
sequenced at high coverage, is inconsistent with simple
isolation-migration or equilibrium migration models. Our
findings suggest a complex process of intermittent contact
that has occurred multiple times in baboon evolutionary
history, despite no obvious fitness costs to hybrids or
major geographic or behavioural barriers. In combination
with the extensive phenotypic data available for baboon
hybrids, our results provide valuable context for
understanding the history of admixture in primates,
including in our own lineage.},
Doi = {10.1111/mec.13684},
Key = {fds318015}
}
@article{fds318016,
Author = {Snyder-Mackler, N and Majoros, WH and Yuan, ML and Shaver, AO and Gordon, JB and Kopp, GH and Schlebusch, SA and Wall, JD and Alberts, SC and Mukherjee, S and Zhou, X and Tung, J},
Title = {Efficient Genome-Wide Sequencing and Low-Coverage Pedigree
Analysis from Noninvasively Collected Samples.},
Journal = {Genetics},
Volume = {203},
Number = {2},
Pages = {699-714},
Year = {2016},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.116.187492},
Abstract = {Research on the genetics of natural populations was
revolutionized in the 1990s by methods for genotyping
noninvasively collected samples. However, these methods have
remained largely unchanged for the past 20 years and lag far
behind the genomics era. To close this gap, here we report
an optimized laboratory protocol for genome-wide capture of
endogenous DNA from noninvasively collected samples, coupled
with a novel computational approach to reconstruct pedigree
links from the resulting low-coverage data. We validated
both methods using fecal samples from 62 wild baboons,
including 48 from an independently constructed extended
pedigree. We enriched fecal-derived DNA samples up to
40-fold for endogenous baboon DNA and reconstructed
near-perfect pedigree relationships even with extremely
low-coverage sequencing. We anticipate that these methods
will be broadly applicable to the many research systems for
which only noninvasive samples are available. The lab
protocol and software ("WHODAD") are freely available at
www.tung-lab.org/protocols-and-software.html and
www.xzlab.org/software.html, respectively.},
Doi = {10.1534/genetics.116.187492},
Key = {fds318016}
}
@article{fds227746,
Author = {Ren, T and Grieneisen, LE and Alberts, SC and Archie, EA and Wu,
M},
Title = {Development, diet and dynamism: longitudinal and
cross-sectional predictors of gut microbial communities in
wild baboons.},
Journal = {Environmental microbiology},
Volume = {18},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1312-1325},
Year = {2016},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1462-2912},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.12852},
Abstract = {Gut bacterial communities play essential roles in host
biology, but to date we lack information on the forces that
shape gut microbiota between hosts and over time in natural
populations. Understanding these forces in wild primates
provides a valuable comparative context that enriches
scientific perspectives on human gut microbiota. To this
end, we tested predictors of gut microbial composition in a
well-studied population of wild baboons. Using
cross-sectional and longitudinal samples collected over 13
years, we found that baboons harbour gut microbiota typical
of other omnivorous primates, albeit with an especially high
abundance of Bifidobacterium. Similar to previous work in
humans and other primates, we found strong effects of both
developmental transitions and diet on gut microbial
composition. Strikingly, baboon gut microbiota appeared to
be highly dynamic such that samples collected from the same
individual only a few days apart were as different from each
other as samples collected over 10 years apart. Despite the
dynamic nature of baboon gut microbiota, we identified a set
of core taxa that is common among primates, supporting the
hypothesis that microbiota codiversify with their host
species. Our analysis identified two tentative enterotypes
in adult baboons that differ from those of humans and
chimpanzees.},
Doi = {10.1111/1462-2920.12852},
Key = {fds227746}
}
@article{fds314361,
Author = {Tung, J and Archie, EA and Altmann, J and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Cumulative early life adversity predicts longevity in wild
baboons},
Journal = {Nat Commun},
Volume = {7},
Pages = {11181},
Publisher = {Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers
Limited. All Rights Reserved.},
Year = {2016},
Month = {April},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/11825 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {In humans and other animals, harsh circumstances in early
life predict morbidity and mortality in adulthood. Multiple
adverse conditions are thought to be especially toxic, but
this hypothesis has rarely been tested in a prospective,
longitudinal framework, especially in long-lived mammals.
Here we use prospective data on 196 wild female baboons to
show that cumulative early adversity predicts natural adult
lifespan. Females who experience [ge]3 sources of early
adversity die a median of 10 years earlier than females who
experience [le]1 adverse circumstances (median lifespan is
18.5 years). Females who experience the most adversity are
also socially isolated in adulthood, suggesting that social
processes partially explain the link between early adversity
and adult survival. Our results provide powerful evidence
for the developmental origins of health and disease and
indicate that close ties between early adversity and
survival arise even in the absence of health habit and
health care-related explanations.},
Doi = {10.1038/ncomms11181},
Key = {fds314361}
}
@article{fds227747,
Author = {Beehner, JC and Gesquiere, L and Seyfarth, RM and Cheney, DL and Alberts, SC and Altmann, J},
Title = {Corrigendum to "Testosterone related to age and life-history
stages in male baboons and geladas" [Horm. Behav. 56/4
(2009) 472-480].},
Journal = {Hormones and behavior},
Volume = {80},
Pages = {149},
Year = {2016},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0018-506X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.08.004},
Doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.08.004},
Key = {fds227747}
}
@article{fds315541,
Author = {Lea, AJ and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC and Tung, J},
Title = {Resource base influences genome-wide DNA methylation levels
in wild baboons (Papio cynocephalus).},
Journal = {Molecular ecology},
Volume = {25},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1681-1696},
Year = {2016},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0962-1083},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.13436},
Abstract = {Variation in resource availability commonly exerts strong
effects on fitness-related traits in wild animals. However,
we know little about the molecular mechanisms that mediate
these effects, or about their persistence over time. To
address these questions, we profiled genome-wide whole-blood
DNA methylation levels in two sets of wild baboons: (i)
'wild-feeding' baboons that foraged naturally in a savanna
environment and (ii) 'Lodge' baboons that had ready access
to spatially concentrated human food scraps, resulting in
high feeding efficiency and low daily travel distances. We
identified 1014 sites (0.20% of sites tested) that were
differentially methylated between wild-feeding and Lodge
baboons, providing the first evidence that resource
availability shapes the epigenome in a wild mammal.
Differentially methylated sites tended to occur in
contiguous stretches (i.e., in differentially methylated
regions or DMRs), in promoters and enhancers, and near
metabolism-related genes, supporting their functional
importance in gene regulation. In agreement, reporter assay
experiments confirmed that methylation at the largest
identified DMR, located in the promoter of a key
glycolysis-related gene, was sufficient to causally drive
changes in gene expression. Intriguingly, all dispersing
males carried a consistent epigenetic signature of their
membership in a wild-feeding group, regardless of whether
males dispersed into or out of this group as adults.
Together, our findings support a role for DNA methylation in
mediating ecological effects on phenotypic traits in the
wild and emphasize the dynamic environmental sensitivity of
DNA methylation levels across the life course.},
Doi = {10.1111/mec.13436},
Key = {fds315541}
}
@article{fds333004,
Author = {Bronikowski, AM and Cords, M and Alberts, SC and Altmann, J and Brockman, DK and Fedigan, LM and Pusey, A and Stoinski, T and Strier,
KB and Morris, WF},
Title = {Female and male life tables for seven wild primate
species.},
Journal = {Scientific data},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {160006},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.6},
Abstract = {We provide male and female census count data, age-specific
survivorship, and female age-specific fertility estimates
for populations of seven wild primates that have been
continuously monitored for at least 29 years: sifaka
(Propithecus verreauxi) in Madagascar; muriqui (Brachyteles
hypoxanthus) in Brazil; capuchin (Cebus capucinus) in Costa
Rica; baboon (Papio cynocephalus) and blue monkey
(Cercopithecus mitis) in Kenya; chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)
in Tanzania; and gorilla (Gorilla beringei) in Rwanda. Using
one-year age-class intervals, we computed point estimates of
age-specific survival for both sexes. In all species, our
survival estimates for the dispersing sex are affected by
heavy censoring. We also calculated reproductive value, life
expectancy, and mortality hazards for females. We used
bootstrapping to place confidence intervals on life-table
summary metrics (R0, the net reproductive rate; λ, the
population growth rate; and G, the generation time). These
data have high potential for reuse; they derive from
continuous population monitoring of long-lived organisms and
will be invaluable for addressing questions about
comparative demography, primate conservation and human
evolution.},
Doi = {10.1038/sdata.2016.6},
Key = {fds333004}
}
@article{fds315540,
Author = {Markham, AC and Alberts, SC and Altmann, J},
Title = {Haven for the night: Sleeping site selection in a wild
primate},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology},
Volume = {27},
Number = {1},
Pages = {29-35},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1045-2249},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arv118},
Abstract = {Many animals seek refuge when they sleep, often employing
different sleeping sites in successive time periods.
Switching from one sleeping site to another might reduce
predation or parasite exposure or increase proximity to food
resources that are temporally and spatially heterogenous.
However, achieving these effects will depend on the
synchronous and nonsynchronous use of the same sleeping
sites by conspecifics. We assessed the use of multiple
sleeping sites by 5 wild baboon (Papio cynocephalus) social
groups to evaluate how sites were exploited at both the
population and group level. Of 126 woodland sleeping sites
used by the study population over ~900 nights of
observation, 10 sites were used more than 100 times; these
preferred sites accounted for ~60% of all known sleeping
sites. On average, individual groups left sleeping sites
after 1-2 nights of continuous use, and the same group did
not reuse a site for an average of 45 nights. However, at
the population level, preferred sites were reused on average
every 4 nights. This near-continuous occupation suggests
that groups competed for access to preferred sites, perhaps
because preferred sites represented better protection from
predators, lower parasite prevalence, or had better foraging
opportunities nearby. The number of trees in a sleeping site
and the time since a site was last used were significant
factors distinguishing sites used on a given night by the
most dominant versus most subordinate social group. These
findings highlight the importance of evaluating resource use
at multiple levels of social organization.},
Doi = {10.1093/beheco/arv118},
Key = {fds315540}
}
@article{fds335223,
Author = {Alberts, S},
Title = {The Challenge of Survival for Wild Infant
Baboons},
Journal = {American Scientist},
Volume = {104},
Number = {6},
Pages = {366-366},
Publisher = {Sigma Xi},
Year = {2016},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1511/2016.123.366},
Doi = {10.1511/2016.123.366},
Key = {fds335223}
}
@article{fds329881,
Author = {Markham, AC and Gesquiere, LR and Alberts, SC and Altmann,
J},
Title = {Optimal group size in a highly social mammal.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {112},
Number = {48},
Pages = {14882-14887},
Year = {2015},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1517794112},
Abstract = {Group size is an important trait of social animals,
affecting how individuals allocate time and use space, and
influencing both an individual's fitness and the collective,
cooperative behaviors of the group as a whole. Here we
tested predictions motivated by the ecological constraints
model of group size, examining the effects of group size on
ranging patterns and adult female glucocorticoid (stress
hormone) concentrations in five social groups of wild
baboons (Papio cynocephalus) over an 11-y period.
Strikingly, we found evidence that intermediate-sized groups
have energetically optimal space-use strategies; both large
and small groups experience ranging disadvantages, in
contrast to the commonly reported positive linear
relationship between group size and home range area and
daily travel distance, which depict a disadvantage only in
large groups. Specifically, we observed a U-shaped
relationship between group size and home range area, average
daily distance traveled, evenness of space use within the
home range, and glucocorticoid concentrations. We propose
that a likely explanation for these U-shaped patterns is
that large, socially dominant groups are constrained by
within-group competition, whereas small, socially
subordinate groups are constrained by between-group
competition and predation pressures. Overall, our results
provide testable hypotheses for evaluating group-size
constraints in other group-living species, in which the
costs of intra- and intergroup competition vary as a
function of group size.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1517794112},
Key = {fds329881}
}
@article{fds314312,
Author = {Franz, M and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Social network dynamics: the importance of distinguishing
between heterogeneous and homogeneous changes.},
Journal = {Behavioral ecology and sociobiology},
Volume = {69},
Number = {12},
Pages = {2059-2069},
Year = {2015},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0340-5443},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-015-2030-x},
Abstract = {Social network analysis is increasingly applied to
understand the evolution of animal sociality. Identifying
ecological and evolutionary drivers of complex social
structures requires inferring how social networks change
over time. In most observational studies, sampling errors
may affect the apparent network structures.Here, we argue
that existing approaches tend not to control sufficiently
for some types of sampling errors when social networks
change over time. Specifically, we argue that two different
types of changes may occur in social networks, heterogeneous
and homogeneous changes, and that understanding network
dynamics requires distinguishing between these two different
types of changes, which are not mutually exclusive.
Heterogeneous changes occur if relationships change
differentially, e.g. if some relationships are terminated
but others remain intact. Homogeneous changes occur if all
relationships are proportionally affected in the same way,
e.g. if grooming rates decline similarly across all dyads.
Homogeneous declines in the strength of relationships can
strongly reduce the probability of observing weak
relationships, producing the appearance of heterogeneous
network changes. Using simulations, we confirm that failing
to differentiate homogeneous and heterogeneous changes can
potentially lead to false conclusions about network
dynamics. We also show that bootstrap tests fail to
distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous changes.
As a solution to this problem we show that an appropriate
randomization test can infer whether heterogeneous changes
occurred. Finally, we illustrate the utility of using the
randomization test by performing an example analysis using
an empirical data set on wild baboons.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00265-015-2030-x},
Key = {fds314312}
}
@article{fds314311,
Author = {Franz, M and McLean, E and Tung, J and Altmann, J and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Self-organizing dominance hierarchies in a wild primate
population.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {282},
Number = {1814},
Pages = {20151512},
Year = {2015},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0962-8452},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1512},
Abstract = {Linear dominance hierarchies, which are common in social
animals, can profoundly influence access to limited
resources, reproductive opportunities and health. In spite
of their importance, the mechanisms that govern the dynamics
of such hierarchies remain unclear. Two hypotheses explain
how linear hierarchies might emerge and change over time.
The 'prior attributes hypothesis' posits that individual
differences in fighting ability directly determine dominance
ranks. By contrast, the 'social dynamics hypothesis' posits
that dominance ranks emerge from social self-organization
dynamics such as winner and loser effects. While the prior
attributes hypothesis is well supported in the literature,
current support for the social dynamics hypothesis is
limited to experimental studies that artificially eliminate
or minimize individual differences in fighting abilities.
Here, we present the first evidence supporting the social
dynamics hypothesis in a wild population. Specifically, we
test for winner and loser effects on male hierarchy dynamics
in wild baboons, using a novel statistical approach based on
the Elo rating method for cardinal rank assignment, which
enables the detection of winner and loser effects in
uncontrolled group settings. Our results demonstrate (i) the
presence of winner and loser effects, and (ii) that
individual susceptibility to such effects may have a genetic
basis. Taken together, our results show that both social
self-organization dynamics and prior attributes can combine
to influence hierarchy dynamics even when agonistic
interactions are strongly influenced by differences in
individual attributes. We hypothesize that, despite
variation in individual attributes, winner and loser effects
exist (i) because these effects could be particularly
beneficial when fighting abilities in other group members
change over time, and (ii) because the coevolution of prior
attributes and winner and loser effects maintains a balance
of both effects.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2015.1512},
Key = {fds314311}
}
@article{fds227748,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Alberts, SC and McClain, CR and Meshnick, SR and Vision,
TJ and Wiegmann, BM and Rodrigo, AG},
Title = {Linking Evolution, Ecology, and Health: TriCEM},
Journal = {BioScience},
Volume = {65},
Number = {8},
Pages = {748-749},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2015},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0006-3568},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biv086},
Doi = {10.1093/biosci/biv086},
Key = {fds227748}
}
@article{fds227749,
Author = {Fitzpatrick, CL and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Exaggerated sexual swellings and male mate choice in
primates: testing the reliable indicator hypothesis in the
Amboseli baboons.},
Journal = {Animal behaviour},
Volume = {104},
Pages = {175-185},
Year = {2015},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.03.019},
Abstract = {The paradigm of competitive males vying to influence female
mate choice has been repeatedly upheld, but, increasingly,
studies also report competitive females and choosy males.
One female trait that is commonly proposed to influence male
mate choice is the exaggerated sexual swelling displayed by
females of many Old World primate species. The reliable
indicator hypothesis posits that females use the exaggerated
swellings to compete for access to mates, and that the
swellings advertise variation in female fitness. We tested
the two main predictions of this hypothesis in a wild
population of baboons (<i>Papio cynocephalus)</i>. First, we
examined the effect of swelling size on the probability of
mate-guarding ('consortship') by the highest-ranking male
and the behavior of those males that trailed consorshipts
('follower males'). Second, we asked whether a female's
swelling size predicted several fitness measures. We found
that high-ranking males do not prefer females with larger
swellings (when controlling for cycle number and conception)
and that females with larger swellings did not have higher
reproductive success. Our study-the only complete test of
the reliable indicator hypothesis in a primate
population-rejects the idea that female baboons compete for
mates by advertising heritable fitness differences.
Furthermore, we found unambiguous evidence that males biased
their mating decisions in favor of females who had
experienced more sexual cycles since their most recent
pregnancy. Thus, rather than tracking the potential
differences in fitness between females, male baboons appear
to track and target the potential for a given reproductive
opportunity to result in fertilization.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.03.019},
Key = {fds227749}
}
@article{fds318017,
Author = {Lea, AJ and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC and Tung, J},
Title = {Developmental constraints in a wild primate.},
Journal = {The American naturalist},
Volume = {185},
Number = {6},
Pages = {809-821},
Year = {2015},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/681016},
Abstract = {Early-life experiences can dramatically affect adult traits.
However, the evolutionary origins of such early-life effects
are debated. The predictive adaptive response hypothesis
argues that adverse early environments prompt adaptive
phenotypic adjustments that prepare animals for similar
challenges in adulthood. In contrast, the developmental
constraints hypothesis argues that early adversity is
generally costly. To differentiate between these hypotheses,
we studied two sets of wild female baboons: those born
during low-rainfall, low-quality years and those born during
normal-rainfall, high-quality years. For each female, we
measured fertility-related fitness components during years
in adulthood that matched and mismatched her early
conditions. We found support for the developmental
constraints hypothesis: females born in low-quality
environments showed greater decreases in fertility during
drought years than females born in high-quality
environments, even though drought years matched the early
conditions of females born in low-quality environments.
Additionally, we found that females born in low-quality
years to high-status mothers did not experience reduced
fertility during drought years. These results indicate that
early ecological adversity did not prepare individuals to
cope with ecological challenges in later life. Instead,
individuals that experienced at least one high-quality early
environment--either ecological or social--were more
resilient to ecological stress in later life. Together,
these data suggest that early adversity carries lifelong
costs, which is consistent with the developmental
constraints hypothesis.},
Doi = {10.1086/681016},
Key = {fds318017}
}
@article{fds227753,
Author = {Tung, J and Barreiro, LB and Burns, MB and Grenier, J-C and Lynch, J and Grieneisen, LE and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC and Blekhman, R and Archie, EA},
Title = {Social networks predict gut microbiome composition in wild
baboons.},
Journal = {eLife},
Volume = {4},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.05224},
Abstract = {Social relationships have profound effects on health in
humans and other primates, but the mechanisms that explain
this relationship are not well understood. Using shotgun
metagenomic data from wild baboons, we found that social
group membership and social network relationships predicted
both the taxonomic structure of the gut microbiome and the
structure of genes encoded by gut microbial species. Rates
of interaction directly explained variation in the gut
microbiome, even after controlling for diet, kinship, and
shared environments. They therefore strongly implicate
direct physical contact among social partners in the
transmission of gut microbial species. We identified 51
socially structured taxa, which were significantly enriched
for anaerobic and non-spore-forming lifestyles. Our results
argue that social interactions are an important determinant
of gut microbiome composition in natural animal
populations-a relationship with important ramifications for
understanding how social relationships influence health, as
well as the evolution of group living.},
Doi = {10.7554/elife.05224},
Key = {fds227753}
}
@article{fds227752,
Author = {Tung, J and Zhou, X and Alberts, SC and Stephens, M and Gilad,
Y},
Title = {The genetic architecture of gene expression levels in wild
baboons.},
Journal = {eLife},
Volume = {4},
Year = {2015},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.04729},
Abstract = {Primate evolution has been argued to result, in part, from
changes in how genes are regulated. However, we still know
little about gene regulation in natural primate populations.
We conducted an RNA sequencing (RNA-seq)-based study of
baboons from an intensively studied wild population. We
performed complementary expression quantitative trait locus
(eQTL) mapping and allele-specific expression analyses,
discovering substantial evidence for, and surprising power
to detect, genetic effects on gene expression levels in the
baboons. eQTL were most likely to be identified for
lineage-specific, rapidly evolving genes; interestingly,
genes with eQTL significantly overlapped between baboons and
a comparable human eQTL data set. Our results suggest that
genes vary in their tolerance of genetic perturbation, and
that this property may be conserved across species. Further,
they establish the feasibility of eQTL mapping using RNA-seq
data alone, and represent an important step towards
understanding the genetic architecture of gene expression in
primates.},
Doi = {10.7554/elife.04729},
Key = {fds227752}
}
@article{fds227751,
Author = {Galbany, J and Tung, J and Altmann, J and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Canine length in wild male baboons: maturation, aging and
social dominance rank.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {10},
Number = {5},
Pages = {e0126415},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126415},
Abstract = {Canines represent an essential component of the dentition
for any heterodont mammal. In primates, like many other
mammals, canines are frequently used as weapons. Hence,
tooth size and wear may have significant implications for
fighting ability, and consequently for social dominance
rank, reproductive success, and fitness. We evaluated
sources of variance in canine growth and length in a
well-studied wild primate population because of the
potential importance of canines for male reproductive
success in many primates. Specifically, we measured
maxillary canine length in 80 wild male baboons (aged
5.04-20.45 years) from the Amboseli ecosystem in southern
Kenya, and examined its relationship with maturation, age,
and social dominance rank. In our analysis of maturation, we
compared food-enhanced baboons (those that fed part time at
a refuse pit associated with a tourist lodge) with
wild-feeding males, and found that food-enhanced males
achieved long canines earlier than wild-feeding males. Among
adult males, canine length decreased with age because of
tooth wear. We found some evidence that, after controlling
for age, longer canines were associated with higher adult
dominance rank (accounting for 9% of the variance in rank),
but only among relatively high-ranking males. This result
supports the idea that social rank, and thus reproductive
success and fitness, may depend in part on fighting ability
mediated by canine size.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0126415},
Key = {fds227751}
}
@article{fds227754,
Author = {Franz, M and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Knockouts of high-ranking males have limited impact on
baboon social networks.},
Journal = {Current zoology},
Volume = {61},
Number = {1},
Pages = {107-113},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1674-5507},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/61.1.107},
Abstract = {Social network structures can crucially impact complex
social processes such as collective behaviour or the
transmission of information and diseases. However, currently
it is poorly understood how social networks change over
time. Previous studies on primates suggest that `knockouts'
(due to death or dispersal) of high-ranking individuals
might be important drivers for structural changes in animal
social networks. Here we test this hypothesis using
long-term data on a natural population of baboons, examining
the effects of 29 natural knockouts of alpha or beta males
on adult female social networks. We investigated whether and
how knockouts affected (1) changes in grooming and
association rates among adult females, and (2) changes in
mean degree and global clustering coefficient in these
networks. The only significant effect that we found was a
decrease in mean degree in grooming networks in the first
month after knockouts, but this decrease was rather small,
and grooming networks rebounded to baseline levels by the
second month after knockouts. Taken together our results
indicate that the removal of high-ranking males has only
limited or no lasting effects on social networks of adult
female baboons. This finding calls into question the
hypothesis that the removal of high-ranking individuals has
a destabilizing effect on social network structures in
social animals.},
Doi = {10.1093/czoolo/61.1.107},
Key = {fds227754}
}
@article{fds227757,
Author = {Snyder-Mackler, N and Alberts, SC and Bergman,
TJ},
Title = {The socio-genetics of a complex society: female gelada
relatedness patterns mirror association patterns in a
multilevel society.},
Journal = {Molecular ecology},
Volume = {23},
Number = {24},
Pages = {6179-6191},
Year = {2014},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0962-1083},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.12987},
Abstract = {Multilevel societies with fission-fusion dynamics--arguably
the most complex animal societies--are defined by two or
more nested levels of organization. The core of these
societies are modular social units that regularly fission
and fuse with one another. Despite convergent evolution in
disparate taxa, we know strikingly little about how such
societies form and how fitness benefits operate.
Understanding the kinship structure of complex societies
could inform us about the origins of the social structure as
well as about the potential for individuals in these
societies to accrue indirect fitness benefits. Here, we
combined genetic and behavioural data on geladas
(Theropithecus gelada), an Old World Monkey, to complete the
most comprehensive socio-genetic analysis of a multilevel
society to date. In geladas, individuals in the core social
'units', associate at different frequencies to form 'teams',
'bands' and, the largest aggregations, 'communities'. Units
were composed of closely related females, and females
remained with their close kin during permanent fissions of
units. Interestingly, female-female relatedness also
significantly predicted between-unit, between-team and
between-band association patterns, while male-male
relatedness did not. Thus, it is likely that the
socio-genetic structure of gelada society results from
females maintaining associations with their female relatives
during successive unit fissions--possibly in an attempt to
balance the direct and indirect fitness benefits of group
living. Overall, the persistence of associations among
related females across generations appears to drive the
formation of higher levels of gelada society, suggesting
that females seek kin for inclusive fitness benefits at
multiple levels of gelada society.},
Doi = {10.1111/mec.12987},
Key = {fds227757}
}
@article{fds227758,
Author = {Patzelt, A and Kopp, GH and Ndao, I and Kalbitzer, U and Zinner, D and Fischer, J},
Title = {Male tolerance and male-male bonds in a multilevel primate
society.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {111},
Number = {41},
Pages = {14740-14745},
Year = {2014},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1405811111},
Abstract = {Male relationships in most species of mammals generally are
characterized by intense intrasexual competition, with
little bonding among unrelated individuals. In contrast,
human societies are characterized by high levels of
cooperation and strong bonds among both related and
unrelated males. The emergence of cooperative male-male
relationships has been linked to the multilevel structure of
traditional human societies. Based on an analysis of the
patterns of spatial and social interaction in combination
with genetic relatedness data of wild Guinea baboons (Papio
papio), we show that this species exhibits a multilevel
social organization in which males maintain strong bonds and
are highly tolerant of each other. Several "units" of males
with their associated females form "parties," which team up
as "gangs." Several gangs of the same "community" use the
same home range. Males formed strong bonds predominantly
within parties; however, these bonds were not correlated
with genetic relatedness. Agonistic interactions were
relatively rare and were restricted to a few dyads. Although
the social organization of Guinea baboons resembles that of
hamadryas baboons, we found stronger male-male affiliation
and more elaborate greeting rituals among male Guinea
baboons and less aggression toward females. Thus, the social
relationships of male Guinea baboons differ markedly from
those of other members of the genus, adding valuable
comparative data to test hypotheses regarding social
evolution. We suggest that this species constitutes an
intriguing model to study the predictors and fitness
benefits of male bonds, thus contributing to a better
understanding of the evolution of this important facet of
human social behavior.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1405811111},
Key = {fds227758}
}
@article{fds321803,
Author = {Archie, EA and Tung, J and Clark, M and Altmann, J and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Social affiliation matters: both same-sex and opposite-sex
relationships predict survival in wild female
baboons.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {281},
Number = {1793},
Pages = {20141261},
Year = {2014},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1261},
Abstract = {Social integration and support can have profound effects on
human survival. The extent of this phenomenon in non-human
animals is largely unknown, but such knowledge is important
to understanding the evolution of both lifespan and
sociality. Here, we report evidence that levels of
affiliative social behaviour (i.e. 'social connectedness')
with both same-sex and opposite-sex conspecifics predict
adult survival in wild female baboons. In the Amboseli
ecosystem in Kenya, adult female baboons that were socially
connected to either adult males or adult females lived
longer than females who were socially isolated from both
sexes--females with strong connectedness to individuals of
both sexes lived the longest. Female social connectedness to
males was predicted by high dominance rank, indicating that
males are a limited resource for females, and females
compete for access to male social partners. To date, only a
handful of animal studies have found that social
relationships may affect survival. This study extends those
findings by examining relationships to both sexes in by far
the largest dataset yet examined for any animal. Our results
support the idea that social effects on survival are
evolutionarily conserved in social mammals.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2014.1261},
Key = {fds321803}
}
@article{fds227756,
Author = {Chiyo, PI and Wilson, JW and Archie, EA and Lee, PC and Moss, CJ and Alberts, SC},
Title = {The influence of forage, protected areas, and mating
prospects on grouping patterns of male elephants},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology},
Volume = {25},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1494-1504},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2014},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1045-2249},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/aru152},
Abstract = {Factors affecting social group size in mammals are
relatively well studied for females, but less is known about
determinants of group size for males, particularly in
species that live in sexually segregated groups. Male
grouping patterns are thought to be driven more by spatial
and temporal dispersion of mating opportunities than by food
resources or predation risk. We evaluated the influence of 3
factors on male group sizes and number of males in mixed-sex
groups in African elephants; forage availability (using
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, a satellite-based
indicator of primary productivity), anthropogenic mortality
risk (using distance of elephants from a protected area
center), and mating opportunities (using the number of males
in mixed-sex groups with and without estrous females). Using
zero-truncated negative binomial regressions and a
model-selection approach, we found that male elephants
occurred in larger groups where primary productivity was
higher and where they were further from a protected area
center. However, we found an interaction between primary
productivity and anthropogenic mortality risk: at low
primary productivity, elephants formed larger groups further
away from a protected area center, but did less so at higher
primary productivity. This pattern suggests that male
elephants are sensitive to seasonal variation in potential
anthropogenic mortality risk, by remaining in smaller groups
when risk is low, but forming larger groups when risk is
high. Mating opportunities also led to an increase in male
numbers in mixed-sex groups, but its relative influence on
male grouping was less important because mating
opportunities were rare.},
Doi = {10.1093/beheco/aru152},
Key = {fds227756}
}
@article{fds227759,
Author = {Lea, AJ and Learn, NH and Theus, MJ and Altmann, J and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Complex sources of variance in female dominance rank in a
nepotistic society.},
Journal = {Animal behaviour},
Volume = {94},
Pages = {87-99},
Year = {2014},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.05.019},
Abstract = {Many mammalian societies are structured by dominance
hierarchies, and an individual's position within this
hierarchy can influence reproduction, behaviour, physiology
and health. In nepotistic hierarchies, which are common in
cercopithecine primates and also seen in spotted hyaenas,
<i>Crocuta crocuta</i>, adult daughters are expected to rank
immediately below their mother, and in reverse age order (a
phenomenon known as 'youngest ascendancy'). This pattern is
well described, but few studies have systematically examined
the frequency or causes of departures from the expected
pattern. Using a longitudinal data set from a natural
population of yellow baboons, <i>Papio cynocephalus</i>, we
measured the influence of maternal kin, paternal kin and
group size on female rank positions at two life history
milestones, menarche and first live birth. At menarche, most
females (73%) ranked adjacent to their family members (i.e.
the female held an ordinal rank in consecutive order with
other members of her maternal family); however, only 33% of
females showed youngest ascendancy within their matriline at
menarche. By the time they experienced their first live
birth, many females had improved their dominance rank: 78%
ranked adjacent to their family members and 49% showed
youngest ascendancy within their matriline. The presence of
mothers and maternal sisters exerted a powerful influence on
rank outcomes. However, the presence of fathers, brothers
and paternal siblings did not produce a clear effect on
female dominance rank in our analyses, perhaps because
females in our data set co-resided with variable numbers and
types of paternal and male relatives. Our results also raise
the possibility that female body size or competitive ability
may influence dominance rank, even in this classically
nepotistic species. In total, our analyses reveal that the
predictors of dominance rank in nepotistic rank systems are
much more complex than previously thought.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.05.019},
Key = {fds227759}
}
@article{fds227762,
Author = {Gesquiere, LR and Ziegler, TE and Chen, PA and Epstein, KA and Alberts,
SC and Altmann, J},
Title = {Measuring fecal testosterone in females and fecal estrogens
in males: comparison of RIA and LC/MS/MS methods for wild
baboons (Papio cynocephalus).},
Journal = {General and comparative endocrinology},
Volume = {204},
Pages = {141-149},
Year = {2014},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0016-6480},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.04.021},
Abstract = {The development of non-invasive methods, particularly fecal
determination, has made possible the assessment of hormone
concentrations in wild animal populations. However,
measuring fecal metabolites needs careful validation for
each species and for each sex. We investigated whether
radioimmunoassays (RIAs) previously used to measure fecal
testosterone (fT) in male baboons and fecal estrogens (fE)
in female baboons were well suited to measure these hormones
in the opposite sex. We compared fE and fT concentrations
determined by RIA to those measured by liquid chromatography
combined with triple quadropole mass spectrometry
(LC/MS/MS), a highly specific method. Additionally, we
conducted a biological validation to assure that the
measurements of fecal concentrations reflected physiological
levels of the hormone of interest. Several tests produced
expected results that led us to conclude that our RIAs can
reliably measure fT and fE in both sexes, and that
within-sex comparisons of these measures are valid: (i)
fTRIA were significantly correlated to fTLC/MS/MS for both
sexes; (ii) fTRIA were higher in adult than in immature
males; (iii) fTRIA were higher in pregnant than non-pregnant
females; (iv) fERIA were correlated with 17β-estradiol
(fE2) and with estrone (fE1) determined by LC/MS/MS in
pregnant females; (v) fERIA were significantly correlated
with fE2 in non-pregnant females and nearly significantly
correlated in males; (vi) fERIA were higher in adult males
than in immature males. fERIA were higher in females than in
males, as predicted, but unexpectedly, fTRIA were higher in
females than in males, suggesting a difference in steroid
metabolism in the two sexes; consequently, we conclude that
while within-sex comparisons are valid, fTRIA should not be
used for intersexual comparisons. Our results should open
the field to important additional studies, as to date the
roles of testosterone in females and estrogens in males have
been little investigated.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.04.021},
Key = {fds227762}
}
@article{fds227760,
Author = {Archie, EA and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Costs of reproduction in a long-lived female primate: injury
risk and wound healing.},
Journal = {Behavioral ecology and sociobiology},
Volume = {68},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1183-1193},
Year = {2014},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0340-5443},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-014-1729-4},
Abstract = {Reproduction is a notoriously costly phase of life, exposing
individuals to injury, infectious disease, and energetic
tradeoffs. The strength of these costs should be influenced
by life history strategies, and in long-lived species,
females may be selected to mitigate costs of reproduction
because life span is such an important component of their
reproductive success. Here we report evidence for two costs
of reproduction that may influence survival in wild female
baboons-injury risk and delayed wound healing. Based on 29
years of observations in the Amboseli ecosystem, Kenya, we
found that wild female baboons experienced the highest risk
of injury on days when they were most likely to be
ovulating. In addition, lactating females healed from wounds
more slowly than pregnant or cycling females, indicating a
possible tradeoff between lactation and immune function. We
also found variation in injury risk and wound healing with
dominance rank and age: older and low-status females were
more likely to be injured than younger or high-status
females, and older females exhibited slower healing than
younger females. Our results support the idea that wild
non-human primates experience energetic and immune costs of
reproduction, and they help illuminate life history
tradeoffs in long-lived species.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00265-014-1729-4},
Key = {fds227760}
}
@article{fds227761,
Author = {Fitzpatrick, CL and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Sources of variance in a female fertility signal:
exaggerated estrous swellings in a natural population of
baboons.},
Journal = {Behavioral ecology and sociobiology},
Volume = {68},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1109-1122},
Year = {2014},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0340-5443},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-014-1722-y},
Abstract = {Signals of fertility in female animals are of increasing
interest to evolutionary biologists, a development that
coincides with increasing interest in male mate choice and
the potential for female traits to evolve under sexual
selection. We characterized variation in size of an
exaggerated female fertility signal in baboons and
investigated the sources of that variance. The number of
sexual cycles that a female had experienced after her most
recent pregnancy ("cycles since resumption") was the
strongest predictor of swelling size. Furthermore, the
relationship between cycles since resumption and swelling
size was most evident during rainy periods and was not
evident during times of drought. Finally, we found
significant differences in swelling size between individual
females; these differences endured across cycles (i.e., were
not explained by variation within individuals) and persisted
in spite of ecological effects. This study is the first to
provide conclusive evidence of significant variation in
swelling size between female primates (controlling for
cycles since resumption) and to demonstrate that ecological
constraints influence variation in this signal of
fertility.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00265-014-1722-y},
Key = {fds227761}
}
@article{fds227765,
Author = {Alberts, SC and Silk, JB},
Title = {The contributions of Jeanne Altmann.},
Journal = {Evolutionary anthropology},
Volume = {22},
Number = {5},
Pages = {198-199},
Year = {2013},
Month = {September},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24166919},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.21370},
Key = {fds227765}
}
@article{fds227767,
Author = {Alberts, SC and Altmann, J and Brockman, DK and Cords, M and Fedigan,
LM and Pusey, A and Stoinski, TS and Strier, KB and Morris, WF and Bronikowski, AM},
Title = {Reproductive aging patterns in primates reveal that humans
are distinct.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {110},
Number = {33},
Pages = {13440-13445},
Year = {2013},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23898189},
Abstract = {Women rarely give birth after ∼45 y of age, and they
experience the cessation of reproductive cycles, menopause,
at ∼50 y of age after a fertility decline lasting almost
two decades. Such reproductive senescence in mid-lifespan is
an evolutionary puzzle of enduring interest because it
should be inherently disadvantageous. Furthermore,
comparative data on reproductive senescence from other
primates, or indeed other mammals, remains relatively rare.
Here we carried out a unique detailed comparative study of
reproductive senescence in seven species of nonhuman
primates in natural populations, using long-term,
individual-based data, and compared them to a population of
humans experiencing natural fertility and mortality. In four
of seven primate species we found that reproductive
senescence occurred before death only in a small minority of
individuals. In three primate species we found evidence of
reproductive senescence that accelerated throughout
adulthood; however, its initial rate was much lower than
mortality, so that relatively few individuals experienced
reproductive senescence before death. In contrast, the human
population showed the predicted and well-known pattern in
which reproductive senescence occurred before death for many
women and its rate accelerated throughout adulthood. These
results provide strong support for the hypothesis that
reproductive senescence in midlife, although apparent in
natural-fertility, natural-mortality populations of humans,
is generally absent in other primates living in such
populations.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1311857110},
Key = {fds227767}
}
@article{fds227769,
Author = {Runcie, DE and Wiedmann, RT and Archie, EA and Altmann, J and Wray, GA and Alberts, SC and Tung, J},
Title = {Social environment influences the relationship between
genotype and gene expression in wild baboons.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {368},
Number = {1618},
Pages = {20120345},
Year = {2013},
Month = {May},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23569293},
Abstract = {Variation in the social environment can have profound
effects on survival and reproduction in wild social mammals.
However, we know little about the degree to which these
effects are influenced by genetic differences among
individuals, and conversely, the degree to which social
environmental variation mediates genetic reaction norms. To
better understand these relationships, we investigated the
potential for dominance rank, social connectedness and group
size to modify the effects of genetic variation on gene
expression in the wild baboons of the Amboseli basin. We
found evidence for a number of gene-environment interactions
(GEIs) associated with variation in the social environment,
encompassing social environments experienced in adulthood as
well as persistent effects of early life social environment.
Social connectedness, maternal dominance rank and group size
all interacted with genotype to influence gene expression in
at least one sex, and either in early life or in adulthood.
These results suggest that social and behavioural variation,
akin to other factors such as age and sex, can impact the
genotype-phenotype relationship. We conclude that GEIs
mediated by the social environment are important in the
evolution and maintenance of individual differences in wild
social mammals, including individual differences in
responses to social stressors.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2012.0345},
Key = {fds227769}
}
@article{fds227795,
Author = {Onyango, PO and Gesquiere, LR and Altmann, J and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Testosterone positively associated with both male mating
effort and paternal behavior in Savanna baboons (Papio
cynocephalus).},
Journal = {Hormones and behavior},
Volume = {63},
Number = {3},
Pages = {430-436},
Year = {2013},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23206991},
Abstract = {Testosterone (T) is often positively associated with male
sexual behavior and negatively associated with paternal
care. These associations have primarily been demonstrated in
species where investment in paternal care begins well after
mating activity is complete, when offspring are hatched or
born. Different patterns may emerge in studies of species
where investment in mating and paternal care overlap
temporally, for instance in non-seasonal breeders in which
males mate with multiple females sequentially and may
simultaneously have multiple offspring of different ages. In
a 9-year data set on levels of T in male baboons, fecal
concentrations of T (fT) were positively associated with
both mate guarding ("consortship") - a measure of current
reproductive activity - and with the number of immature
offspring a male had in his social group - a measure of past
reproductive activity and an indicator of likely paternal
behavior. To further examine the relationship between T and
potential paternal behavior, we next drew on an intensive
8-month study of male behavior, and found that fathers were
more likely to be in close proximity to their offspring than
expected by chance. Because male baboons are known to
provide paternal care, and because time in proximity to
offspring would facilitate such care, this suggests that T
concentrations in wild male baboons may be associated with
both current reproductive activity and with current paternal
behavior. These results are consistent with the predicted
positive association between T and mating effort but not
with a negative association between T and paternal care; in
male baboons, high levels of T occur in males that are
differentially associating with their offspring.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.11.014},
Key = {fds227795}
}
@article{fds219921,
Author = {P.I. Chiyo and J.W. Wilson and C.M. Moss and S.C.
Alberts},
Title = {The influence of ecology and reproductive opportunities on
group size in male African elephants},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds219921}
}
@article{fds219894,
Author = {E.A. Archie and J. Altmann and S.C. Alberts},
Title = {Injury and immune costs of reproduction in a long-lived
female primate},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds219894}
}
@article{fds219896,
Author = {A.J. Lea and N. Learn and M.J. Theus and J. Altmann and S.C.
Alberts},
Title = {Dynamic patterns of dominance rank attainment in female
baboons (Papio cynocephalus)},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds219896}
}
@article{fds227791,
Author = {Snyder-Mackler, N and Alberts, SC and Bergman,
TJ},
Title = {Concessions of an alpha male? Cooperative defence and shared
reproduction in multi-male primate groups.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {279},
Number = {1743},
Pages = {3788-3795},
Year = {2012},
Month = {September},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22764162},
Abstract = {By living in social groups with potential competitors,
animals forgo monopolizing access to resources.
Consequently, debate continues over how selection might
favour sociality among competitors. For example, several
models exist to account for the evolution of shared
reproduction in groups. The 'concession model' hypothesizes
that dominant reproducers benefit from the presence of
subordinates, and hence tolerate some reproduction by
subordinates. This mutual benefit to both dominants and
subordinates may provide a foundation for the formation of
social groups in which multiple members reproduce--a
necessary step in the evolution of cooperation. To date,
however, the concession model has received virtually no
support in vertebrates. Instead, the vast majority of
vertebrate data support 'limited control models', which
posit that dominant reproducers are simply unable to prevent
subordinates from reproducing. Here we present the most
comprehensive evidence to date in support of the concession
model in a vertebrate. We examined natural variation in the
number of adult males in gelada (Theropithecus gelada)
reproductive units to assess the extent of reproductive skew
in multi-male units. Dominant ('leader') males in units that
also had subordinate ('follower') males had a 30 per cent
longer tenure than leaders in units that did not have
followers, mainly because followers actively defended the
group against potential immigrants. Follower males also
obtained a small amount of reproduction in the unit, which
may have functioned as a concession in return for defending
the unit. These results suggest that dominants and
subordinates may engage in mutually beneficial reproductive
transactions, thus favouring male-male tolerance and
cooperation.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2012.0842},
Key = {fds227791}
}
@article{fds227793,
Author = {Markham, AC and Alberts, SC and Altmann, J},
Title = {Intergroup conflict: Ecological predictors of winning and
consequences of defeat in a wild primate
population.},
Journal = {Animal behaviour},
Volume = {82},
Number = {2},
Pages = {399-403},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2012},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.05.009},
Abstract = {In many social species, competition between groups is a
major factor proximately affecting group-level movement
patterns and space use and ultimately shaping the evolution
of group living and complex sociality. Here we evaluated the
factors influencing group-level dominance among 5 social
groups of wild baboons (Papio cynocephalus), in particular
focusing on the spatial determinants of dominance and the
consequences of defeat. When direct conflict occurred
between conspecific baboon groups, the winning group was
predicted by differences in the number of adult males in
each group and/or groups that had used the areas surrounding
the encounter location more intensively than their opponent
in the preceding 9 or 12 months. Relative intensity of space
use over shorter timescales examined (3 and 6 months) was a
poor predictor of the interaction's outcome. Losing groups
but not winning groups experienced clear short-term costs.
Losing groups used the area surrounding the interaction less
following an agonistic encounter (relative to their
intensity of use of the area prior to the interaction).
These findings offer insight into the influences and
consequences of intergroup competition on group-level
patterns of space use.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.05.009},
Key = {fds227793}
}
@article{fds227792,
Author = {Tung, J and Charpentier, MJE and Mukherjee, S and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Genetic effects on mating success and partner choice in a
social mammal.},
Journal = {The American naturalist},
Volume = {180},
Number = {1},
Pages = {113-129},
Year = {2012},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22673655},
Abstract = {Mating behavior has profound consequences for two
phenomena--individual reproductive success and the
maintenance of species boundaries--that contribute to
evolutionary processes. Studies of mating behavior in
relation to individual reproductive success are common in
many species, but studies of mating behavior in relation to
genetic variation and species boundaries are less commonly
conducted in socially complex species. Here we leveraged
extensive observations of a wild yellow baboon (Papio
cynocephalus) population that has experienced recent gene
flow from a close sister taxon, the anubis baboon (Papio
anubis), to examine how admixture-related genetic background
affects mating behavior. We identified novel effects of
genetic background on mating patterns, including an
advantage accruing to anubis-like males and assortative
mating among both yellow-like and anubis-like pairs. These
genetic effects acted alongside social dominance rank,
inbreeding avoidance, and age to produce highly nonrandom
mating patterns. Our results suggest that this population
may be undergoing admixture-related evolutionary change,
driven in part by nonrandom mating. However, the strength of
the genetic effect is mediated by behavioral plasticity and
social interactions, emphasizing the strong influence of
social context on mating behavior in socially complex
species.},
Doi = {10.1086/665993},
Key = {fds227792}
}
@article{fds227801,
Author = {Alberts, SC and Fitzpatrick, CL},
Title = {Paternal care and the evolution of exaggerated sexual
swellings in primates.},
Journal = {Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International
Society for Behavioral Ecology},
Volume = {23},
Number = {4},
Pages = {699-706},
Year = {2012},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1045-2249},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/ars052},
Abstract = {The exaggerated sexual swellings exhibited by females of
some primate species have been of interest to evolutionary
biologists since the time of Darwin. We summarize existing
hypotheses for their function and evolution and categorize
these hypotheses within the context of 3 types of variation
in sexual swelling size: 1) variation within a single sexual
cycle, 2) variation between the sexual cycles of a single
female, and 3) differences between females. We then propose
the Paternal Care Hypothesis for the function of sexual
swellings, which posits that exaggerated sexual swellings
function to elicit the right quantity and quality of male
care for a female's infant. As others have noted, swellings
may allow females to engender paternity confusion, or they
may allow females to confer relative paternal certainty on
one male. Key to our hypothesis is that both of these
scenarios create an incentive for one or more males to
provide care. This hypothesis builds on previous hypotheses
but differs from them by highlighting the elicitation of
paternal care as a key function of swellings. Our hypothesis
predicts that true paternal care (in which males accurately
differentiate and provide assistance to their own offspring)
will be most common in species in which exaggerated
swellings accurately signal the probability of conception,
and males can monopolize females during the window of
highest conception probability. Our hypothesis also predicts
that females will experience selection to behave in ways
that either augment paternity confusion or enhance paternal
certainty depending on their social and demographic
contexts.},
Doi = {10.1093/beheco/ars052},
Key = {fds227801}
}
@article{fds227794,
Author = {Archie, EA and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Social status predicts wound healing in wild
baboons.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {109},
Number = {23},
Pages = {9017-9022},
Year = {2012},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1206391109},
Abstract = {Social status can have striking effects on health in humans
and other animals, but the causes often are unknown. In male
vertebrates, status-related differences in health may be
influenced by correlates of male social status that suppress
immune responses. Immunosuppressive correlates of low social
status may include chronic social stress, poor physical
condition, and old age; the immunosuppressive correlates of
high status may include high testosterone and energetic
costs of reproduction. Here we test whether these correlates
could create status-related differences in immune function
by measuring the incidence of illness and injury and then
examining healing rates in a 27-y data set of natural
injuries and illnesses in wild baboon males. We found no
evidence that the high testosterone and intense reproductive
effort associated with high rank suppress immune responses.
Instead, high-ranking males were less likely to become ill,
and they recovered more quickly than low-ranking males, even
controlling for differences in age. Notably, alpha males,
who experience high glucocorticoids, as well as the highest
testosterone and reproductive effort, healed significantly
faster than other males, even other high-ranking males. We
discuss why alpha males seem to escape from the
immunosuppressive costs of glucocorticoids but low-ranking
males do not, including the idea that glucocorticoids'
effects depend on an individual's physiological and social
context.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1206391109},
Key = {fds227794}
}
@article{fds227802,
Author = {Silk, JB and Alberts, SC and Altmann, J and Cheney, DL and Seyfarth,
RM},
Title = {Stability of partner choice among female
baboons.},
Journal = {Animal behaviour},
Volume = {83},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1511-1518},
Year = {2012},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.03.028},
Abstract = {In a wide range of taxa, including baboons, close social
bonds seem to help animals cope with stress and enhance
long-term reproductive success and longevity. Current
evidence suggests that female baboons may benefit from
establishing and maintaining highly individuated
relationships with a relatively small number of partners.
Here, we extend previous work on the stability of female
baboons' social relationships in three different ways.
First, we assess the stability of females' social
relationships in two distinct and geographically distant
sites using the same method. Second, we conduct simulations
to determine whether females' social relationships were more
stable than expected by chance. Third, we examine
demographic sources of variance in the stability of close
social bonds. At both sites, females' relationships with
their most preferred partners were significantly more stable
than expected by chance. In contrast, their relationships
with less preferred partners were more ephemeral, often
changing from year to year. While nearly all females
experienced some change in their top partners across time,
many maintained relationships with top partners for several
years. Females that lived in smaller groups and had more
close kin available had more stable social relationships
than those that lived in larger groups and had fewer close
kin available.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.03.028},
Key = {fds227802}
}
@article{fds227800,
Author = {Nguyen, N and Gesquiere, L and Alberts, SC and Altmann,
J},
Title = {Sex differences in the mother-neonate relationship in wild
baboons: Social, experiential and hormonal
correlates},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {83},
Number = {4},
Pages = {891-903},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2012},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.01.003},
Abstract = {In mammals, maternal care is essential for offspring
survival, yet individual differences in this care can
dramatically affect offspring growth and development. Few
studies have, however, investigated the sources, magnitude
and consequences of naturally occurring interindividual
variation in maternal care during the neonatal period. In
this study, we examine several hormonal and nonhormonal
predictors of naturally occurring variation in the
mother-neonate relationship during the first 8. weeks of
infancy in 34 wild baboon (. Papio cynocephalus)
mother-infant dyads in Amboseli, Kenya. We use data on
physical contact and suckling patterns to assess the quality
of the mother-neonate relationship and to evaluate the
extent to which variation in this relationship is
predictable from perinatal ovarian steroids (i.e. faecal
oestrogen and progesterone metabolites), previous infant
care experience, maternal dominance rank and offspring sex.
We found that newborn infants of more experienced mothers
initiated higher rates of changes in mother-infant contact
than newborns of less experienced mothers. However, at each
level of maternal experience, newborn males initiated higher
rates of changes in mother-infant contact than newborn
females. Moreover, we found evidence suggesting that
variation in suckling activity among daughters (but not
sons) was predictable from maternal dominance rank and
faecal oestrogen (fE) concentrations before birth. To our
knowledge, our study provides the first evidence of (1) the
influence of cumulative maternal experience on the
mother-infant relationship and (2) the emergence of sex
differences in the mother-infant relationship during the
neonatal period in wild primates. Our results suggest that
the well-documented sex differences in life history,
behaviour and ecology in primates (and other social mammals)
may originate very early in life. © 2012 The Association
for the Study of Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.01.003},
Key = {fds227800}
}
@article{fds227797,
Author = {Charpentier, MJE and Fontaine, MC and Cherel, E and Renoult, JP and Jenkins, T and Benoit, L and Barthès, N and Alberts, SC and Tung,
J},
Title = {Genetic structure in a dynamic baboon hybrid zone
corroborates behavioural observations in a hybrid
population.},
Journal = {Molecular ecology},
Volume = {21},
Number = {3},
Pages = {715-731},
Year = {2012},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0962-1083},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05302.x},
Abstract = {Behaviour and genetic structure are intimately related:
mating patterns and patterns of movement between groups or
populations influence the movement of genetic variation
across the landscape and from one generation to the next. In
hybrid zones, the behaviour of the hybridizing taxa can also
impact the incidence and outcome of hybridization events.
Hybridization between yellow baboons and anubis baboons has
been well documented in the Amboseli basin of Kenya, where
more anubis-like individuals tend to experience maturational
and reproductive advantages. However, it is unknown whether
these advantages are reflected in the genetic structure of
populations surrounding this area. Here, we used
microsatellite genotype data to evaluate the structure and
composition of baboon populations in southern Kenya. Our
results indicate that, unlike for mitochondrial DNA,
microsatellite-based measures of genetic structure concord
with phenotypically based taxonomic distinctions and that
the currently active hybrid zone is relatively narrow.
Isolation with migration analysis revealed asymmetric gene
flow in this region from anubis populations into yellow
populations, in support of the anubis-biased phenotypic
advantages observed in Amboseli. Populations that are
primarily yellow but that receive anubis gene flow exhibit
higher levels of genetic diversity than yellow populations
far from the introgression front. Our results support
previous work that indicates a long history of hybridization
and introgression among East African baboons. Specifically,
it suggests that anubis baboons are in the process of
gradual range expansion into the range of yellow baboons, a
pattern potentially explained by behavioural and life
history advantages that correlate with anubis
ancestry.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05302.x},
Key = {fds227797}
}
@article{fds227790,
Author = {Harper, KN and Fyumagwa, RD and Hoare, R and Wambura, PN and Coppenhaver, DH and Sapolsky, RM and Alberts, SC and Tung, J and Rogers,
J and Kilewo, M and Batamuzi, EK and Leendertz, FH and Armelagos, GJ and Knauf, S},
Title = {Treponema pallidum infection in the wild baboons of East
Africa: distribution and genetic characterization of the
strains responsible.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {7},
Number = {12},
Pages = {e50882},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1932-6203},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000312794500017&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {It has been known for decades that wild baboons are
naturally infected with Treponema pallidum, the bacterium
that causes the diseases syphilis (subsp. pallidum), yaws
(subsp. pertenue), and bejel (subsp. endemicum) in humans.
Recently, a form of T. pallidum infection associated with
severe genital lesions has been described in wild baboons at
Lake Manyara National Park in Tanzania. In this study, we
investigated ten additional sites in Tanzania and Kenya
using a combination of macroscopic observation and serology,
in order to determine whether the infection was present in
each area. In addition, we obtained genetic sequence data
from six polymorphic regions using T. pallidum strains
collected from baboons at two different Tanzanian sites. We
report that lesions consistent with T. pallidum infection
were present at four of the five Tanzanian sites examined,
and serology was used to confirm treponemal infection at
three of these. By contrast, no signs of treponemal
infection were observed at the six Kenyan sites, and
serology indicated T. pallidum was present at only one of
them. A survey of sexually mature baboons at Lake Manyara
National Park in 2006 carried out as part of this study
indicated that roughly ten percent displayed T.
pallidum-associated lesions severe enough to cause major
structural damage to the genitalia. Finally, we found that
T. pallidum strains from Lake Manyara National Park and
Serengeti National Park were genetically distinct, and a
phylogeny suggested that baboon strains may have diverged
prior to the clade containing human strains. We conclude
that T. pallidum infection associated with genital lesions
appears to be common in the wild baboons of the regions
studied in Tanzania. Further study is needed to elucidate
the infection's transmission mode, its associated morbidity
and mortality, and the relationship between baboon and human
strains.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0050882},
Key = {fds227790}
}
@article{fds227798,
Author = {Chiyo, PI and Moss, CJ and Alberts, SC},
Title = {The influence of life history milestones and association
networks on crop-raiding behavior in male African
elephants.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {7},
Number = {2},
Pages = {e31382},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22347468},
Abstract = {Factors that influence learning and the spread of behavior
in wild animal populations are important for understanding
species responses to changing environments and for species
conservation. In populations of wildlife species that come
into conflict with humans by raiding cultivated crops,
simple models of exposure of individual animals to crops do
not entirely explain the prevalence of crop raiding
behavior. We investigated the influence of life history
milestones using age and association patterns on the
probability of being a crop raider among wild free ranging
male African elephants; we focused on males because female
elephants are not known to raid crops in our study
population. We examined several features of an elephant
association network; network density, community structure
and association based on age similarity since they are known
to influence the spread of behaviors in a population. We
found that older males were more likely to be raiders than
younger males, that males were more likely to be raiders
when their closest associates were also raiders, and that
males were more likely to be raiders when their second
closest associates were raiders older than them. The male
association network had sparse associations, a tendency for
individuals similar in age and raiding status to associate,
and a strong community structure. However, raiders were
randomly distributed between communities. These features of
the elephant association network may limit the spread of
raiding behavior and likely determine the prevalence of
raiding behavior in elephant populations. Our results
suggest that social learning has a major influence on the
acquisition of raiding behavior in younger males whereas
life history factors are important drivers of raiding
behavior in older males. Further, both life-history and
network patterns may influence the acquisition and spread of
complex behaviors in animal populations and provide insight
on managing human-wildlife conflict.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0031382},
Key = {fds227798}
}
@article{fds227799,
Author = {Babbitt, CC and Tung, J and Wray, GA and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Changes in gene expression associated with reproductive
maturation in wild female baboons.},
Journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
Volume = {4},
Number = {2},
Pages = {102-109},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1759-6653},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evr134},
Abstract = {Changes in gene expression during development play an
important role in shaping morphological and behavioral
differences, including between humans and nonhuman primates.
Although many of the most striking developmental changes
occur during early development, reproductive maturation
represents another critical window in primate life history.
However, this process is difficult to study at the molecular
level in natural primate populations. Here, we took
advantage of ovarian samples made available through an
unusual episode of human-wildlife conflict to identify genes
that are important in this process. Specifically, we used
RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to compare genome-wide gene
expression patterns in the ovarian tissue of juvenile and
adult female baboons from Amboseli National Park, Kenya. We
combined this information with prior evidence of selection
occurring on two primate lineages (human and chimpanzee). We
found that in cases in which genes were both differentially
expressed over the course of ovarian maturation and also
linked to lineage-specific selection this selective
signature was much more likely to occur in regulatory
regions than in coding regions. These results suggest that
adaptive change in the development of the primate ovary may
be largely driven at the mechanistic level by selection on
gene regulation, potentially in relationship to the
physiology or timing of female reproductive
maturation.},
Doi = {10.1093/gbe/evr134},
Key = {fds227799}
}
@misc{fds183131,
Author = {S.C. Alberts},
Title = {Magnitude and sources of variation in male reproductive
performance},
Pages = {412-431},
Booktitle = {The Evolution of Primate Societies},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Address = {Chicago},
Editor = {J. Mitani and J. Call and P. Kappeler and R. Palombit and J.B.
Silk},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds183131}
}
@misc{fds198069,
Author = {Alberts SC and Altmann J},
Title = {The Amboseli Baboon Research Project: Themes of continuity
and change},
Pages = {261-288},
Booktitle = {Long-term field studies of primates},
Publisher = {Springer Verlag},
Editor = {P Kappeler and DP Watts},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds198069}
}
@article{fds227763,
Author = {Rodrigo, A and Alberts, S and Cranston, K and Kingsolver, J and Lapp, H and McClain, C and Smith, R and Vision, T and Weintraub, J and Wiegmann,
B},
Title = {Science incubators: synthesis centers and their role in the
research ecosystem},
Journal = {PLoS Biology},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e1001468},
Year = {2012},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10193 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {How should funding agencies enable researchers to explore
high-risk but potentially high-reward science? One model
that appears to work is the NSF-funded synthesis center, an
incubator for community-led, innovative science.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.1001468},
Key = {fds227763}
}
@article{fds227796,
Author = {Akinyi, MY and Tung, J and Jenneby, M and Patel, NB and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Role of grooming in reducing tick load in wild baboons
(Papio cynocephalus)},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {85},
Number = {3},
Pages = {559-568},
Year = {2012},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.12.012},
Abstract = {Nonhuman primate species spend a conspicuous amount of time
grooming during social interactions, a behavior that
probably serves both social and health-related functions.
While the social implications of grooming have been
relatively well studied, less attention has been paid to the
health benefits, especially the removal of ectoparasites,
which may act as vectors in disease transmission. In this
study, we examined the relationship between grooming
behavior, tick load (number of ticks), and haemoprotozoan
infection status in a population of wild free-ranging
baboons (<i>Papio cynocephalus</i>). We found that the
amount of grooming received was influenced by an
individual's age, sex and dominance rank. The amount of
grooming received, in turn, affected the tick load of an
individual. Baboons with higher tick loads had lower packed
red cell volume (PCV or haematocrit), one general measure of
health status. We detected a tick-borne haemoprotozoan,
<i>Babesia microti</i>, but its low prevalence in the
population precluded identifying sources of variance in
infection.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.12.012},
Key = {fds227796}
}
@article{fds227803,
Author = {Markham, AC and Alberts, SC and Altmann, J},
Title = {When good neighbors don't need fences: Temporal landscape
partitioning among baboon social groups},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Volume = {67},
Number = {6},
Pages = {875-884},
Year = {2012},
ISSN = {0340-5443},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-013-1510-0},
Abstract = {Intraspecific competition is a key factor shaping space-use
strategies and movement decisions in many species, yet how
and when neighbors utilize shared areas while exhibiting
active avoidance of one another is largely unknown. Here we
investigated temporal landscape partitioning in a population
of wild baboons (<i>Papio cynocephalus</i>). We used global
positioning system (GPS) collars to synchronously record the
hourly locations of 5 baboon social groups for ~900 days,
and we used behavioral, demographic, and life history data
to measure factors affecting use of overlap areas. Annual
home ranges of neighboring groups overlapped substantially,
as predicted (baboons are considered non-territorial), but
home ranges overlapped less when space use was assessed over
shorter time scales. Moreover, neighboring groups were in
close spatial proximity to one another on fewer days than
predicted by a null model, suggesting an avoidance-based
spacing pattern. At all time scales examined (monthly,
biweekly, and weekly), time spent in overlap areas was
greater during time periods when groups fed on evenly
dispersed, low-quality foods. The percent of fertile females
in social groups was negatively correlated with time spent
in overlap areas only during weekly time intervals. This
suggests that broad temporal changes in ecological resources
are a major predictor of how intensively overlap areas are
used, and groups modify these ecologically driven spacing
patterns at short time scales based on female reproductive
status. Together these findings offer insight into the
economics of territoriality by highlighting the dynamics of
spacing patterns at differing time scales.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00265-013-1510-0},
Key = {fds227803}
}
@article{fds227804,
Author = {Onyango, PO and Alberts, SC and Altmann, J},
Title = {Season and female reproductive quality but not opportunities
for paternal care predict intensity of male mate guarding in
a non-seasonally breeding primate. Behavioral Ecology and
Sociobiology.},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds227804}
}
@article{fds227805,
Author = {Onyango, PO and Gesquiere, L and Altmann, J and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Puberty and dispersal in a wild primate population},
Journal = {Hormones and Behavior},
Volume = {64},
Number = {2},
Pages = {240-249},
Year = {2012},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.02.014},
Abstract = {This article is part of a Special Issue "Puberty and
Adolescence". The onset of reproduction is preceded by a
host of organismal adjustments and transformations,
involving morphological, physiological, and behavioral
changes. In highly social mammals, including humans and most
nonhuman primates, the timing and nature of maturational
processes are affected by the animal's social milieu as well
as its ecology. Here, we review a diverse set of findings on
how maturation unfolds in wild baboons in the Amboseli basin
of southern Kenya, and we place these findings in the
context of other reports of maturational processes in
primates and other mammals. First, we describe the series of
events and processes that signal maturation in female and
male baboons. Sex differences in age at both sexual maturity
and first reproduction documented for this species are
consistent with expectations of life history theory; males
mature later than females and exhibit an adolescent growth
spurt that is absent or minimal in females. Second, we
summarize what we know about sources of variance in the
timing of maturational processes including natal dispersal.
In Amboseli, individuals in a food-enhanced group mature
earlier than their wild-feeding counterparts, and offspring
of high-ranking females mature earlier than offspring of
low-ranking females. We also report on how genetic
admixture, which occurs in Amboseli between two closely
related baboon taxa, affects individual maturation
schedules.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.02.014},
Key = {fds227805}
}
@article{fds304249,
Author = {Markham, AC and Gesquiere, LR and Bellenger, J-P and Alberts, SC and Altmann, J},
Title = {White monkey syndrome and presumptive copper deficiency in
wild savannah baboons.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {73},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1160-1168},
Year = {2011},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20983},
Abstract = {In immature wild savannah baboons (Papio cynocephalus), we
observed symptoms consistent with copper (Cu) deficiency
and, more specifically, with a disorder referred to as white
monkey syndrome (WMS) in laboratory primates. The objectives
of this study were to characterize this pathology, and test
three hypotheses that (1) Cu deficiency may have been
induced by zinc (Zn) toxicity, (2) it may have been induced
by molybdenum (Mo) toxicity, and (3) cumulative rainfall
during the perinatal period and particularly during
gestation is an ecological factor distinguishing infants
afflicted with WMS from non-WMS infants. During 2001-2009,
we observed 22 instances of WMS out of a total 377 live
births in the study population. Visible symptoms exhibited
by WMS infants included whitening of the animal's fur and/or
impaired mobility characterized by an apparent "stiffening"
of the hindlimbs. Occurrence of WMS did not vary
significantly by gender. However, among individuals that
survived at least 180 days, WMS males had a significantly
lower survivorship probability than non-WMS males. Zn/Cu
ratios assessed from hair samples of adult female baboons
were higher in females who had produced at least one WMS
offspring relative to females who had not had a WMS
offspring. This was true even when the hair sample was
collected long after the birth of the female's afflicted
infant. We consider this potentially indicative of a robust
tendency for low Cu levels induced by elevated Zn intake in
some individuals. No significant differences of Mo/Cu ratios
were observed. Cumulative rainfall during gestation (∼179
days) was 50% lower for WMS infants relative to non-WMS
infants. In contrast, rainfall for the two classes of
infants did not differ in the 180 days before conception or
in the 180 days following birth. This finding highlights the
importance of prenatal ecological conditions in healthy
fetal development with regard to WMS.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.20983},
Key = {fds304249}
}
@article{fds304247,
Author = {Gesquiere, LR and Learn, NH and Simao, MCM and Onyango, PO and Alberts,
SC and Altmann, J},
Title = {Life at the top: rank and stress in wild male
baboons.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {333},
Number = {6040},
Pages = {357-360},
Year = {2011},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1207120},
Abstract = {In social hierarchies, dominant individuals experience
reproductive and health benefits, but the costs of social
dominance remain a topic of debate. Prevailing hypotheses
predict that higher-ranking males experience higher
testosterone and glucocorticoid (stress hormone) levels than
lower-ranking males when hierarchies are unstable but not
otherwise. In this long-term study of rank-related stress in
a natural population of savannah baboons (Papio
cynocephalus), high-ranking males had higher testosterone
and lower glucocorticoid levels than other males, regardless
of hierarchy stability. The singular exception was for the
highest-ranking (alpha) males, who exhibited both high
testosterone and high glucocorticoid levels. In particular,
alpha males exhibited much higher stress hormone levels than
second-ranking (beta) males, suggesting that being at the
very top may be more costly than previously
thought.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1207120},
Key = {fds304247}
}
@article{fds227808,
Author = {Chiyo, PI and Moss, CJ and Archie, EA and Hollister-Smith, JA and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Using molecular and observational techniques to estimate the
number and raiding patterns of crop-raiding
elephants},
Journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
Volume = {48},
Number = {3},
Pages = {788-796},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2011},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0021-8901},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01967.x},
Abstract = {1. Conflict between humans and animals, generated by
behaviours like crop raiding, can represent a major threat
to the survival and conservation of protected species. Crop
raiding is an example where the conflict is assumed to be
attributable to a small number of habitually raiding
animals. No studies have systematically tested this
assumption on African elephants Loxodonta africana. 2. In
the greater Amboseli basin, in southern Kenya, we determined
the number of elephants that come into conflict with humans
through crop raiding, their gender, and their patterns of
raiding. We tracked footprints, and observed elephants after
they raided farms, and genotyped DNA extracted from faeces
collected from raided farms. Using these data, we estimated
the number of raiders with asymptotic regression and count
models. 3. We found that 241 elephants from several elephant
populations in the Amboseli basin raided farms. Raiders were
independent males; we detected no females raiding crops.
Approximately 35% of the raiders were from the Amboseli
elephant population, representing about 1/3 of the
independent males in that population. Approximately 12% of
raiders from the Amboseli elephant population were habitual
and were responsible for 56% of elephant raiding events. 4.
Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that
targeted elimination of habitual raiders could in theory
reduce crop raiding. However, the large pool of occasional
raiders, the availability of palatable crops in areas of
conflict, and the link between crop-raiding and natural male
foraging tactics, indicates great potential for recruitment
of habitual raiders from this pool of occasional raiders.
Furthermore, shooting of raiders as a strategy for reducing
crop raiding carries a high risk of misidentifying habitual
raiders. We suggest instead an ethical management strategy
that uses remote monitoring of raiders as an early warning
system for crop protection, and longitudinal studies to
evaluate the development of habitual raiding. © 2011 The
Authors. Journal of Applied Ecology © 2011 British
Ecological Society.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01967.x},
Key = {fds227808}
}
@article{fds304248,
Author = {Chiyo, PI and Archie, EA and Hollister-Smith, JA and Lee, PC and Poole,
JH and Moss, CJ and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Association patterns of African elephants in all-male
groups: The role of age and genetic relatedness},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {81},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1093-1099},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2011},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.02.013},
Abstract = {Strong social bonds are uncommon among male mammals. In many
mammals, however, males form all-male groups, providing
opportunities for male-male bonds to emerge. We examined
association patterns of male African elephants, Loxodonta
africana, in all-male groups and assessed the influence of
age and genetic relatedness on these associations. We also
examined the influence of age and genetic relatedness on the
choice of sparring partners in male elephants. Males had
many weak and random associations and few valuable
relationships. Male associations were positively correlated
with genetic relatedness, suggesting that kinship influences
patterns of male associations. Male associations were
negatively correlated with age disparity, and males were
more likely to spar with other males closer in age to
themselves. These results suggest that males associate with
other males of similar age in part because sparring may
facilitate the development and maintenance of motor and
psychological responses to sudden and unexpected events that
occur during play; this may help prepare males for male-male
competition. We also found that older males had high
centrality and strength in social networks, suggesting that
older males influence the cohesion of male social groups.
Consequently, the elimination of older males from elephant
populations by poachers or trophy hunters could negatively
affect social cohesion in male elephant groups. Finally, we
found that age and genetic relatedness were not
significantly correlated, suggesting that male associations
based on age and relatedness did not overlap. These findings
highlight the complexity of male social relationships in
all-male groups. © 2011 The Association for the Study of
Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.02.013},
Key = {fds304248}
}
@article{fds227810,
Author = {Bronikowski, AM and Altmann, J and Brockman, DK and Cords, M and Fedigan, LM and Pusey, A and Stoinski, T and Morris, WF and Strier, KB and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Aging in the natural world: comparative data reveal similar
mortality patterns across primates.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {331},
Number = {6022},
Pages = {1325-1328},
Year = {2011},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1201571},
Abstract = {Human senescence patterns-late onset of mortality increase,
slow mortality acceleration, and exceptional longevity-are
often described as unique in the animal world. Using an
individual-based data set from longitudinal studies of wild
populations of seven primate species, we show that contrary
to assumptions of human uniqueness, human senescence falls
within the primate continuum of aging; the tendency for
males to have shorter life spans and higher age-specific
mortality than females throughout much of adulthood is a
common feature in many, but not all, primates; and the aging
profiles of primate species do not reflect phylogenetic
position. These findings suggest that mortality patterns in
primates are shaped by local selective forces rather than
phylogenetic history.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1201571},
Key = {fds227810}
}
@article{fds227807,
Author = {Tung, J and Akinyi, MY and Mutura, S and Altmann, J and Wray, GA and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Allele-specific gene expression in a wild nonhuman primate
population.},
Journal = {Molecular ecology},
Volume = {20},
Number = {4},
Pages = {725-739},
Year = {2011},
Month = {February},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21226779},
Abstract = {Natural populations hold enormous potential for evolutionary
genetic studies, especially when phenotypic, genetic and
environmental data are all available on the same
individuals. However, untangling the genotype-phenotype
relationship in natural populations remains a major
challenge. Here, we describe results of an investigation of
one class of phenotype, allele-specific gene expression
(ASGE), in the well-studied natural population of baboons of
the Amboseli basin, Kenya. ASGE measurements identify cases
in which one allele of a gene is overexpressed relative to
the alternative allele of the same gene, within individuals,
thus providing a control for background genetic and
environmental effects. Here, we characterize the incidence
of ASGE in the Amboseli baboon population, focusing on the
genetic and environmental contributions to ASGE in a set of
eleven genes involved in immunity and defence. Within this
set, we identify evidence for common ASGE in four genes. We
also present examples of two relationships between
cis-regulatory genetic variants and the ASGE phenotype.
Finally, we identify one case in which this relationship is
influenced by a novel gene-environment interaction.
Specifically, the dominance rank of an individual's mother
during its early life (an aspect of that individual's social
environment) influences the expression of the gene CCL5 via
an interaction with cis-regulatory genetic variation. These
results illustrate how environmental and ecological data can
be integrated into evolutionary genetic studies of
functional variation in natural populations. They also
highlight the potential importance of early life
environmental variation in shaping the genetic architecture
of complex traits in wild mammals.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04970.x},
Key = {fds227807}
}
@article{fds227815,
Author = {Gesquiere, LR and Onyango, PO and Alberts, SC and Altmann,
J},
Title = {Endocrinology of year-round reproduction in a highly
seasonal habitat: environmental variability in testosterone
and glucocorticoids in baboon males.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {144},
Number = {2},
Pages = {169-176},
Year = {2011},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21374},
Abstract = {In conditions characterized by energetic constraints, such
as in periods of low food availability, some trade-offs
between reproduction and self-maintenance may be necessary;
even year-round breeders may then be forced to exhibit some
reproductive seasonality. Prior research has largely focused
on female reproduction and physiology, and few studies have
evaluated the impact of environmental factors on males. Here
we assessed the effects of season and ambient temperatures
on fecal glucocorticoid (fGC) and testosterone (fT) levels
in male baboons in Amboseli, Kenya. The Amboseli basin is a
highly challenging, semiarid tropical habitat that is
characterized by strongly seasonal patterns of rainfall and
by high ambient temperatures. We previously reported that
female baboons were impacted by these challenging
environmental conditions. We ask here whether male baboons
in the same environment and groups as females exhibit
similar physiological effects. We found that after
accounting for male age and individual variability, males
exhibited higher fGC levels and lower fT levels during the
dry season than during the wet season. Furthermore, fT but
not fGC levels were lower in months of high average daily
maximum temperatures, suggesting a direct impact of heat on
testes. Our results demonstrate that male baboons, like
females, experience ecological stress that alters their
reproductive physiology. The impact of the environment on
male reproduction deserves more attention both in its own
right and because alteration in male physiology may
contribute to the reduction in female fertility observed
inchallenging environments.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.21374},
Key = {fds227815}
}
@article{fds227814,
Author = {Morris, WF and Altmann, J and Brockman, DK and Cords, M and Fedigan, LM and Pusey, AE and Stoinski, TS and Bronikowski, AM and Alberts, SC and Strier, KB},
Title = {Low demographic variability in wild primate populations:
fitness impacts of variation, covariation, and serial
correlation in vital rates.},
Journal = {The American naturalist},
Volume = {177},
Number = {1},
Pages = {E14-E28},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21117962},
Abstract = {In a stochastic environment, long-term fitness can be
influenced by variation, covariation, and serial correlation
in vital rates (survival and fertility). Yet no study of an
animal population has parsed the contributions of these
three aspects of variability to long-term fitness. We do so
using a unique database that includes complete life-history
information for wild-living individuals of seven primate
species that have been the subjects of long-term (22-45
years) behavioral studies. Overall, the estimated levels of
vital rate variation had only minor effects on long-term
fitness, and the effects of vital rate covariation and
serial correlation were even weaker. To explore why, we
compared estimated variances of adult survival in primates
with values for other vertebrates in the literature and
found that adult survival is significantly less variable in
primates than it is in the other vertebrates. Finally, we
tested the prediction that adult survival, because it more
strongly influences fitness in a constant environment, will
be less variable than newborn survival, and we found only
mixed support for the prediction. Our results suggest that
wild primates may be buffered against detrimental fitness
effects of environmental stochasticity by their highly
developed cognitive abilities, social networks, and broad,
flexible diets.},
Doi = {10.1086/657443},
Key = {fds227814}
}
@article{fds227816,
Author = {Galbany, J and Altmann, J and Perez Perez and A and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Age and individual foraging behavior predict tooth wear in
Amboseli baboons},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {144},
Number = {1},
Pages = {51-59},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20721946},
Abstract = {Teeth represent an essential component of the foraging
apparatus for any mammal, and tooth wear can have
significant implications for survival and reproduction. This
study focuses on tooth wear in wild baboons in Amboseli,
southern Kenya. We obtained mandibular and maxillary tooth
impressions from 95 baboons and analyzed digital images of
replicas made from these impressions. We measured tooth wear
as the percent dentine exposure (PDE, the percent of the
occlusal surface on which dentine was exposed), and we
examined the relationship of PDE to age, behavior, and life
history variables. We found that PDE increased significantly
with age for both sexes in all three molar types. In
females, we also tested the hypotheses that long-term
patterns of feeding behavior, social dominance rank, and one
measure of maternal investment (the cumulative number of
months that a female had dependent infants during her
lifetime) would predict tooth wear when we controlled for
age. The hypothesis that feeding behavior predicted tooth
wear was supported. The percent of feeding time spent
consuming grass corms predicted PDE when controlling for
age. However, PDE was not associated with social dominance
rank or maternal investment.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.21368},
Key = {fds227816}
}
@misc{fds166356,
Author = {Archie EA and Fitzpatrick CL and Moss CJ and Alberts
SC},
Title = {The population genetics of the Amboseli and Kilimanjaro
elephants},
Pages = {37-47},
Booktitle = {Amboseli Elephants: A Long-term Perspective on a Long-lived
Mammal},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Editor = {C. Moss and H. Croze and P. Lee},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds166356}
}
@misc{fds166357,
Author = {Archie EA and Moss CJ and Alberts SC},
Title = {Friends and relations: kinship and the nature of female
elephant social relationships},
Pages = {238-245},
Booktitle = {Amboseli Elephants: A Long-term Perspective on a Long-lived
Mammal},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Editor = {C. Moss and H. Croze and P. Lee},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds166357}
}
@misc{fds166358,
Author = {J.A. Hollister-Smith and J.H. Poole and C.J. Moss and S.C.
Alberts},
Title = {Genetic paternity analysis of the Amboseli elephant
population},
Pages = {274-275},
Booktitle = {Amboseli Elephants: A Long-term Perspective on a Long-lived
Mammal},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Editor = {C. Moss and H. Croze and P. Lee},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds166358}
}
@article{fds227806,
Author = {Markham, AC and Gesquiere, LR and Bellenger, JP and Alberts, SC and Altmann, J},
Title = {White Monkey Syndrome and presumptive copper deficiency in a
wild primate population},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {73},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1-9},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20983},
Abstract = {In immature wild savannah baboons (Papio cynocephalus), we
observed symptoms consistent with copper (Cu) deficiency
and, more specifically, with a disorder referred to as white
monkey syndrome (WMS) in laboratory primates. The objectives
of this study were to characterize this pathology, and test
three hypotheses that (1) Cu deficiency may have been
induced by zinc (Zn) toxicity, (2) it may have been induced
by molybdenum (Mo) toxicity, and (3) cumulative rainfall
during the perinatal period and particularly during
gestation is an ecological factor distinguishing infants
afflicted with WMS from non-WMS infants. During 2001-2009,
we observed 22 instances of WMS out of a total 377 live
births in the study population. Visible symptoms exhibited
by WMS infants included whitening of the animal's fur and/or
impaired mobility characterized by an apparent "stiffening"
of the hindlimbs. Occurrence of WMS did not vary
significantly by gender. However, among individuals that
survived at least 180 days, WMS males had a significantly
lower survivorship probability than non-WMS males. Zn/Cu
ratios assessed from hair samples of adult female baboons
were higher in females who had produced at least one WMS
offspring relative to females who had not had a WMS
offspring. This was true even when the hair sample was
collected long after the birth of the female's afflicted
infant. We consider this potentially indicative of a robust
tendency for low Cu levels induced by elevated Zn intake in
some individuals. No significant differences of Mo/Cu ratios
were observed. Cumulative rainfall during gestation (~179
days) was 50% lower for WMS infants relative to non-WMS
infants. In contrast, rainfall for the two classes of
infants did not differ in the 180 days before conception or
in the 180 days following birth. This finding highlights the
importance of prenatal ecological conditions in healthy
fetal development with regard to WMS. © 2011 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.20983},
Key = {fds227806}
}
@article{fds227809,
Author = {Galbany, J and Dotras, L and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC and Perez Perez,
A},
Title = {Tooth size variation related to age in Amboseli
baboons},
Journal = {Folia Primatologica},
Volume = {81},
Number = {6},
Pages = {348-359},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21325862},
Abstract = {We measured the molar size from a single population of wild
baboons from Amboseli (Kenya), both females (n=57) and males
(n=50). All the females were of known age; the males
represented a mix of known-age individuals (n=31) and
individuals with ages estimated to within 2 years (n=19).
The results showed a significant reduction in the
mesiodistal length of teeth in both sexes as a function of
age. Overall patterns of age-related change in tooth size
did not change whether we included or excluded the
individuals of estimated age, but patterns of statistical
significance changed as a result of changed sample sizes.
Our results demonstrate that tooth length is directly
related to age due to interproximal wearing caused by M2 and
M3 compression loads. Dental studies in primates, including
both fossil and extant species, are mostly based on
specimens obtained from osteological collections of varying
origins, for which the age at death of each individual in
the sample is not known. Researchers should take into
account the phenomenon of interproximal attrition leading to
reduced tooth size when measuring tooth length for
ondontometric purposes.},
Doi = {10.1159/000323588},
Key = {fds227809}
}
@article{fds227811,
Author = {Gesquiere, LR and Learn, NH and Simao, MCM and Onyango, PO and Alberts,
SC and Altmann, J},
Title = {Life at the top: energetic and psychological stress in wild
male primates},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {333},
Number = {6040},
Pages = {357-360},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1207120},
Abstract = {In social hierarchies, dominant individuals experience
reproductive and health benefits, but the costs of social
dominance remain a topic of debate. Prevailing hypotheses
predict that higher-ranking males experience higher
testosterone and glucocorticoid (stress hormone) levels than
lower-ranking males when hierarchies are unstable but not
otherwise. In this long-term study of rank-related stress in
a natural population of savannah baboons (Papio
cynocephalus), high-ranking males had higher testosterone
and lower glucocorticoid levels than other males, regardless
of hierarchy stability. The singular exception was for the
highest-ranking (alpha) males, who exhibited both high
testosterone and high glucocorticoid levels. In particular,
alpha males exhibited much higher stress hormone levels than
second-ranking (beta) males, suggesting that being at the
very top may be more costly than previously
thought.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1207120},
Key = {fds227811}
}
@article{fds227812,
Author = {Chiyo, PI and Archie, EA and Hollister Smith and JA and Lee, PC and Poole,
JH and Moss, CJ and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Association patterns of male African elephants: the role of
age and genetic relatedness},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {81},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1093-1099},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.02.013},
Abstract = {Strong social bonds are uncommon among male mammals. In many
mammals, however, males form all-male groups, providing
opportunities for male-male bonds to emerge. We examined
association patterns of male African elephants, Loxodonta
africana, in all-male groups and assessed the influence of
age and genetic relatedness on these associations. We also
examined the influence of age and genetic relatedness on the
choice of sparring partners in male elephants. Males had
many weak and random associations and few valuable
relationships. Male associations were positively correlated
with genetic relatedness, suggesting that kinship influences
patterns of male associations. Male associations were
negatively correlated with age disparity, and males were
more likely to spar with other males closer in age to
themselves. These results suggest that males associate with
other males of similar age in part because sparring may
facilitate the development and maintenance of motor and
psychological responses to sudden and unexpected events that
occur during play; this may help prepare males for male-male
competition. We also found that older males had high
centrality and strength in social networks, suggesting that
older males influence the cohesion of male social groups.
Consequently, the elimination of older males from elephant
populations by poachers or trophy hunters could negatively
affect social cohesion in male elephant groups. Finally, we
found that age and genetic relatedness were not
significantly correlated, suggesting that male associations
based on age and relatedness did not overlap. These findings
highlight the complexity of male social relationships in
all-male groups. © 2011 The Association for the Study of
Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.02.013},
Key = {fds227812}
}
@article{fds227813,
Author = {Chiyo, PI and Lee, PC and Moss, CJ and Archie, EA and Hollister Smith,
JA and Alberts, SC},
Title = {No risk, no gain: effects of crop-raiding and genetic
heterozygosity on body size in male African
elephants},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Volume = {22},
Number = {3},
Pages = {552-558},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {1045-2249},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arr016},
Abstract = {Body size is an important influence on the life history of
males of polygynous mammals because it is usually highly
correlated with fitness and is under intense selection. In
this paper, we investigated the effect of high-risk foraging
behavior (crop raiding) and genetic heterozygosity on male
body size in a well-studied population of African elephants.
Crop raiding, the foraging on cultivated food crops by
wildlife is one of the main causes of wildlife human
conflict and is a major conservation issue for many
polygynous mammals that live in proximity to agriculture or
human habitation. Body size was estimated using hind foot
size, a measure strongly correlated with stature and mass.
Crop raiding predicted male size in adulthood, with raiders
being larger than nonraiders. However, elephants that became
raiders were neither larger nor smaller for age when young.
Enhanced growth rates and size among raiders suggest that
taking risks pays off for males. Lastly, genetic
heterozygosity had no effect on size for age in male
elephants, most likely because low-heterozygosity males were
rare. Risky foraging behavior can evolve as a result of
strong sexual selection for large size and
condition-dependent mating success in males. We discuss the
implications of these results for managing human-wildlife
conflict. © The Author 2011.},
Doi = {10.1093/beheco/arr016},
Key = {fds227813}
}
@article{fds227785,
Author = {Alberts, SC},
Title = {Primatology: "a faithful friend is the medicine of
life".},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {20},
Number = {15},
Pages = {R632-R634},
Year = {2010},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20692609},
Abstract = {Close, stable social bonds enhance longevity in wild
baboons, providing clues about the importance of social
bonds in our own evolutionary history.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2010.06.012},
Key = {fds227785}
}
@article{fds227818,
Author = {Tung, J and Alberts, SC and Wray, GA},
Title = {Evolutionary genetics in wild primates: combining genetic
approaches with field studies of natural
populations.},
Journal = {Trends in genetics : TIG},
Volume = {26},
Number = {8},
Pages = {353-362},
Year = {2010},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0168-9525},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20580115},
Abstract = {Ecological and evolutionary studies of wild primates hold
important keys to understanding both the shared
characteristics of primate biology and the genetic and
phenotypic differences that make specific lineages,
including our own, unique. Although complementary genetic
research on nonhuman primates has long been of interest,
recent technological and methodological advances now enable
functional and population genetic studies in an
unprecedented manner. In the past several years, novel
genetic data sets have revealed new information about the
demographic history of primate populations and the genetics
of adaptively important traits. In combination with the rich
history of behavioral, ecological, and physiological work on
natural primate populations, genetic approaches promise to
provide a compelling picture of primate evolution in the
past and in the present day.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tig.2010.05.005},
Key = {fds227818}
}
@article{fds227821,
Author = {Altmann, J and Gesquiere, L and Galbany, J and Onyango, PO and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Life history context of reproductive aging in a wild primate
model.},
Journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences},
Volume = {1204},
Pages = {127-138},
Year = {2010},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0077-8923},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05531.x},
Abstract = {The pace of reproductive aging has been of considerable
interest, especially in regard to the long postreproductive
period in modern women. Here we use data for both sexes from
a 37-year longitudinal study of a wild baboon population to
place reproductive aging within a life history context for
this species, a primate relative of humans that evolved in
the same savannah habitat as humans did. We examine the
patterns and pace of reproductive aging, including birth
rates and reproductive hormones for both sexes, and compare
reproductive aging to age-related changes in several other
traits. Reproductive senescence occurs later in baboon
females than males. Delayed senescence in females relative
to males is also found in several other traits, such as
dominance status and body condition, but not in molar wear
or glucocorticoid profiles. Survival, health, and well-being
are the product of risk factors in morphological,
physiological, and behavioral traits that differ in rate of
senescence and in dependence on social or ecological
conditions; some will be very sensitive to differences in
circumstances and others less so.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05531.x},
Key = {fds227821}
}
@article{fds227819,
Author = {Strier, KB and Altmann, J and Brockman, DK and Bronikowski, AM and Cords, M and Fedigan, LM and Lapp, H and Liu, X and Morris, WF and Pusey,
AE and Stoinski, TS and Alberts, SC},
Title = {The Primate Life History Database: A unique shared
ecological data resource.},
Journal = {Methods in ecology and evolution},
Volume = {1},
Number = {2},
Pages = {199-211},
Year = {2010},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {2041-210X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000288914100013&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {The importance of data archiving, data sharing, and public
access to data has received considerable attention.
Awareness is growing among scientists that collaborative
databases can facilitate these activities.We provide a
detailed description of the collaborative life history
database developed by our Working Group at the National
Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent) to address questions
about life history patterns and the evolution of mortality
and demographic variability in wild primates.Examples from
each of the seven primate species included in our database
illustrate the range of data incorporated and the
challenges, decision-making processes, and criteria applied
to standardize data across diverse field studies. In
addition to the descriptive and structural metadata
associated with our database, we also describe the process
metadata (how the database was designed and delivered) and
the technical specifications of the database.Our database
provides a useful model for other researchers interested in
developing similar types of databases for other organisms,
while our process metadata may be helpful to other groups of
researchers interested in developing databases for other
types of collaborative analyses.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.2041-210x.2010.00023.x},
Key = {fds227819}
}
@article{fds304246,
Author = {Wasser, S and Poole, J and Lee, P and Lindsay, K and Dobson, A and Hart, J and Douglas-Hamilton, I and Wittemyer, G and Granli, P and Morgan, B and Gunn, J and Alberts, S and Beyers, R and Chiyo, P and Croze, H and Estes,
R and Gobush, K and Joram, P and Kikoti, A and Kingdon, J and King, L and Macdonald, D and Moss, C and Mutayoba, B and Njumbi, S and Omondi, P and Nowak, K},
Title = {Conservation. Elephants, ivory, and trade.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {327},
Number = {5971},
Pages = {1331-1332},
Year = {2010},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1187811},
Abstract = {Trade decisions made by the Convention on International
Trade in Endangered Species must place science over
politics.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1187811},
Key = {fds304246}
}
@article{fds227820,
Author = {Archie, EA and Henry, T and Maldonado, JE and Moss, CJ and Poole, JH and Pearson, VR and Murray, S and Alberts, SC and Fleischer,
RC},
Title = {Major histocompatibility complex variation and evolution at
a single, expressed DQA locus in two genera of
elephants.},
Journal = {Immunogenetics},
Volume = {62},
Number = {2},
Pages = {85-100},
Year = {2010},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0093-7711},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00251-009-0413-8},
Abstract = {Genes of the vertebrate major histocompatibility complex
(MHC) are crucial to defense against infectious disease,
provide an important measure of functional genetic
diversity, and have been implicated in mate choice and kin
recognition. As a result, MHC loci have been characterized
for a number of vertebrate species, especially
mammals;however, elephants are a notable exception. Our
study is the first to characterize patterns of genetic
diversity and natural selection in the elephant MHC. We did
so using DNA sequences from a single, expressed DQA locus in
elephants.We characterized six alleles in 30 African
elephants(Loxodonta africana) and four alleles in three
Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). In addition, for two of
the African alleles and three of the Asian alleles, we
characterized complete coding sequences (exons 1-5) and
nearly complete non-coding sequences (introns 2-4) for the
class II DQA loci. Compared to DQA in other wild mammals, we
found moderate polymorphism and allelic diversity and
similar patterns of selection; patterns of non-synonymous
and synonymous substitutions were consistent with balancing
selection acting on the peptides involved in antigen binding
in the second exon. In addition, balancing selection has led
to strong trans-species allelism that has maintained
multiple allelic lineages across both genera of extant
elephants for at least 6 million years. We discuss our
results in the context of MHC diversity in other mammals and
patterns of evolution in elephants.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00251-009-0413-8},
Key = {fds227820}
}
@article{fds183138,
Author = {S.C. Alberts},
Title = {Review of "Sexual Coercion in Primates and Humans: An
Evolutionary Perspective on Male Aggression Against
Females", edited by MN Muller and RW Wrangham, Cambridge
University Press. 2009.},
Journal = {Quarterly Review of Biology},
Volume = {84},
Pages = {413-414},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds183138}
}
@misc{fds183133,
Author = {S.C. Alberts},
Title = {Dispatch: Primatology: "A Faithful Friend is the Medicine of
Life"},
Journal = {Current Biology},
Volume = {20},
Pages = {1359-1361},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds183133}
}
@article{fds227817,
Author = {Wasser, S and Poole, J and Lee, P and Kindsay, K and Dobson, A and Hart, J and Douglas Hamilton and I and Wittemyer, G and Granli, P and Morgan, B and Gunn, J and Alberts, S and Beyers, R and Chiyo, P and Croze, H and Estes,
R and Gobush, K and Joram, P and Kikoti, A and Kingdon, J and King, L and Macdonald, D and Moss, C and Mutayoba, B and Numbi, S and Omondi, P and Nowak, K},
Title = {Policy Forum: Elephants, Ivory and Trade},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {327},
Number = {5971},
Pages = {1331-1332},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1187811},
Abstract = {Trade decisions made by the Convention on International
Trade in Endangered Species must place science over
politics.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1187811},
Key = {fds227817}
}
@article{fds227783,
Author = {Chiyo, PI and Alberts, SC},
Title = {An assessment of the threat to Grevy's zebra from
hybridization},
Journal = {Animal Conservation},
Volume = {12},
Number = {6},
Pages = {514-515},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2009},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1367-9430},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00333.x},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00333.x},
Key = {fds227783}
}
@article{fds227823,
Author = {Beehner, JC and Gesquiere, L and Seyfarth, RM and Cheney, DL and Alberts, SC and Altmann, J},
Title = {Testosterone related to age and life-history stages in male
baboons and geladas.},
Journal = {Hormones and behavior},
Volume = {56},
Number = {4},
Pages = {472-480},
Year = {2009},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0018-506X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.08.005},
Abstract = {Despite significant advances in our knowledge of how
testosterone mediates life-history trade-offs, this research
has primarily focused on seasonal taxa. We know
comparatively little about the relationship between
testosterone and life-history stages for non-seasonally
breeding species. Here we examine testosterone profiles
across the life span of males from three non-seasonally
breeding primates: yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus or P.
hamadryas cynocephalus), chacma baboons (Papio ursinus or P.
h. ursinus), and geladas (Theropithecus gelada). First, we
predict that testosterone profiles will track the
reproductive profiles of each taxon across their respective
breeding years. Second, we evaluate age-related changes in
testosterone to determine whether several life-history
transitions are associated with these changes. Subjects
include males (>2.5 years) from wild populations of each
taxon from whom we had fecal samples for hormone
determination. Although testosterone profiles across taxa
were broadly similar, considerable variability was found in
the timing of two major changes: (1) the attainment of adult
levels of testosterone and (2) the decline in testosterone
after the period of maximum production. Attainment of adult
testosterone levels was delayed by 1 year in chacmas
compared with yellows and geladas. With respect to the
decline in testosterone, geladas and chacmas exhibited a
significant drop after 3 years of maximum production, while
yellows declined so gradually that no significant annual
drop was ever detected. For both yellows and chacmas,
increases in testosterone production preceded elevations in
social dominance rank. We discuss these differences in the
context of ecological and behavioral differences exhibited
by these taxa.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.08.005},
Key = {fds227823}
}
@article{fds227822,
Author = {Nguyen, N and Van Horn and RC and Alberts, SC and Altmann,
J},
Title = {"Friendships" between new mothers and adult males: adaptive
benefits and determinants in wild baboons (Papio
cynocephalus).},
Journal = {Behavioral ecology and sociobiology},
Volume = {63},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1331-1344},
Year = {2009},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0340-5443},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-009-0786-6},
Abstract = {Close associations between adult males and lactating females
and their dependent infants are not commonly described in
non-monogamous mammals. However, such associations
[sometimes called "friendships" (Smuts 1985)] are regularly
observed in several primate species in which females mate
with multiple males during the fertile period. The absence
of mating exclusivity among "friends" suggests that males
should invest little in infant care, raising questions about
the adaptive significance of friendship bonds. Using data
from genetic paternity analyses, patterns of behavior, and
long-term demographic and reproductive records, we evaluated
the extent to which friendships in four multi-male,
multi-female yellow baboon (<i>Papio cynocephalus</i>)
groups in Amboseli, Kenya represent joint parental care of
offspring or male mating effort. We found evidence that
mothers and infants benefited directly from friendships;
friendships provided mother-infant dyads protection from
harassment from other adult and immature females. In
addition, nearly half of all male friends were the genetic
fathers of offspring and had been observed mating with
mothers during the days of most likely conception for those
offspring. In contrast, nearly all friends who were not
fathers were also not observed to consort with the mother
during the days of most likely conception, suggesting that
friendships between mothers and non-fathers did not result
from paternity confusion. Finally, we found no evidence that
prior friendship increased a male's chances of mating with a
female in future reproductive cycles. Our results suggest
that, for many male-female pairs at Amboseli, friendships
represented a form of biparental care of offspring. Males in
the remaining friendship dyads may be trading protection of
infants in exchange for some resources or services not yet
identified. Our study is the first to find evidence that
female primates gain social benefits from their early
associations with adult males.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00265-009-0786-6},
Key = {fds227822}
}
@article{fds227824,
Author = {Tung, J and Primus, A and Bouley, AJ and Severson, TF and Alberts, SC and Wray, GA},
Title = {Evolution of a malaria resistance gene in wild
primates.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {460},
Number = {7253},
Pages = {388-391},
Year = {2009},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19553936},
Abstract = {The ecology, behaviour and genetics of our closest living
relatives, the nonhuman primates, should help us to
understand the evolution of our own lineage. Although a
large amount of data has been amassed on primate ecology and
behaviour, much less is known about the functional and
evolutionary genetic aspects of primate biology, especially
in wild primates. As a result, even in well-studied
populations in which nongenetic factors that influence
adaptively important characteristics have been identified,
we have almost no understanding of the underlying genetic
basis for such traits. Here, we report on the functional
consequences of genetic variation at the malaria-related FY
(DARC) gene in a well-studied population of yellow baboons
(Papio cynocephalus) living in Amboseli National Park in
Kenya. FY codes for a chemokine receptor normally expressed
on the erythrocyte surface that is the known entry point for
the malarial parasite Plasmodium vivax. We identified
variation in the cis-regulatory region of the baboon FY gene
that was associated with phenotypic variation in
susceptibility to Hepatocystis, a malaria-like pathogen that
is common in baboons. Genetic variation in this region also
influenced gene expression in vivo in wild individuals, a
result we confirmed using in vitro reporter gene assays. The
patterns of genetic variation in and around this locus were
also suggestive of non-neutral evolution, raising the
possibility that the evolution of the FY cis-regulatory
region in baboons has exhibited both mechanistic and
selective parallels with the homologous region in humans.
Together, our results represent the first reported
association and functional characterization linking genetic
variation and a complex trait in a natural population of
nonhuman primates.},
Doi = {10.1038/nature08149},
Key = {fds227824}
}
@article{fds227825,
Author = {Hollister Smith and JA and Alberts, SC and Rasmussen,
LEL},
Title = {Do male African elephants (Loxodonta africana) signal musth
via urine dribbling?},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {76},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1829-1841},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2008},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.05.033},
Abstract = {The phenomenon of musth in male elephants involves increased
sexual activity, heightened aggression and nearly continuous
dribbling of pungent smelling urine. Urine chemistry during
musth is altered, suggesting that urine may signal the musth
status of the individual. Signalling musth remotely may
benefit individuals if it reduces the likelihood of physical
confrontation between males, which can lead to injury and
even death. Few studies, however, have asked whether and how
male elephants respond to urine of other males. We tested
two predictions of the hypothesis that urine signals musth
status to male conspecifics: (1) that male African elephants
differentiate musth and nonmusth urine, and (2) that males
differentiate between urine dribbled during early and late
musth. The second prediction stems from the observation that
males lose weight and presumably body condition during
musth. We conducted two related bioassays with 26 captive
nonmusth males ranging from 13 to 52 years of age. In each
assay, subjects were simultaneously presented with three
urine samples (nonmusth, early musth, late musth), each from
a different donor male, and a control. We found that
subjects differentiated between musth and nonmusth samples
using their vomeronasal organ system, but did not
discriminate between the samples using their main olfactory
system. Males did not differentiate early from late musth.
In addition, we found that subject contextual factors,
specifically age, dominance status and social grouping,
significantly predicted response. We discuss these results
within the framework of male elephant longevity and social
relationships and their importance to reproductive success.
© 2008 The Association for the Study of Animal
Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.05.033},
Key = {fds227825}
}
@article{fds227826,
Author = {Onyango, PO and Gesquiere, LR and Wango, EO and Alberts, SC and Altmann,
J},
Title = {Persistence of maternal effects in baboons: Mother's
dominance rank at son's conception predicts stress hormone
levels in subadult males.},
Journal = {Hormones and behavior},
Volume = {54},
Number = {2},
Pages = {319-324},
Year = {2008},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0018-506X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.03.002},
Abstract = {Dominance status and reproductive experience are maternal
characteristics that affect offspring traits in diverse
taxa, including some cercopithecine primates. Maternal
effects of this sort are widespread and are sources of
variability in offspring fitness. We tested the hypothesis
that maternal dominance rank and reproductive experience as
well as a male's own age and dominance rank predicted
chronic fecal glucocorticoid (fGC) concentrations in 17
subadult wild male baboons, Papio cynocephalus (median age
6.5 years), in the Amboseli basin, Kenya. Among these
variables, maternal dominance rank at a subadult male's
conception was the sole significant predictor of the male's
fGC and accounted for 42% of fGC variance; sons of lower
ranking mothers had higher fGC than did those of
high-ranking mothers. This result is striking because
subadult male baboons are approximately 4-6 years past the
period of infant dependence on their mothers, and are larger
than and dominant to all adult females. In addition, many
males of this age have survived their mothers' death.
Consequently, the influence of maternal dominance rank
persisted well beyond the stage at which direct maternal
influence on sons is likely. Persistence of these major
maternal influences from the perinatal period may signal
organizational effects of mothers on sons' HPA axis.
Although short-term, acute, elevations in GC are part of
adaptive responses to challenges such as predators and other
emergencies, chronically elevated GC are often associated
with stress-related pathologies and, thereby, adverse
effects on fitness components.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.03.002},
Key = {fds227826}
}
@article{fds304245,
Author = {Gesquiere, LR and Khan, M and Shek, L and Wango, TL and Wango, EO and Alberts, SC and Altmann, J},
Title = {Coping with a challenging environment: effects of seasonal
variability and reproductive status on glucocorticoid
concentrations of female baboons (Papio cynocephalus).},
Journal = {Hormones and behavior},
Volume = {54},
Number = {3},
Pages = {410-416},
Year = {2008},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0018-506X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.04.007},
Abstract = {Environmental stressors impact physiology and behavior in
many species of animals. These effects are partly mediated
through changing concentrations of glucocorticoids, which
also vary with reproductive state and social conditions.
Prior research has focused largely on seasonal breeders, but
the close temporal linkage between season and reproductive
state in these species hinders ability to disentangle
environmental effects from those of the animal's
reproductive status. Here we assessed the effects of
environmental challenges on the fecal glucocorticoid (fGC)
levels of non-seasonal breeders, female baboons (Papio
cynocephalus) of Amboseli, Kenya. Amboseli is characterized
by a long dry season, during which food and water become
scarce, and by extreme temperatures above 40 degrees C in
the shade during some months of the year. We found that
after accounting for female reproductive status and
individual variability, females exhibited higher fGC levels
during the dry season than during the wet season. Further,
during the wet season, fGC levels were higher in months of
high average daily maximum temperatures. During the dry
season, fGC levels were elevated both in hotter months and
in months during which the baboons spent a relatively high
proportion of time feeding. In spite of these stressors,
female baboons reproduce during all months of the year in
Amboseli, unlike most other mammals in this environment.
This may be attributable to their extreme adaptability,
specifically their diversified diet, and their ability to
modify their behavior, including their activity
profiles.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.04.007},
Key = {fds304245}
}
@article{fds227829,
Author = {Archie, EA and Maldonado, JE and Hollister-Smith, JA and Poole, JH and Moss, CJ and Fleischer, RC and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Fine-scale population genetic structure in a fission-fusion
society.},
Journal = {Molecular ecology},
Volume = {17},
Number = {11},
Pages = {2666-2679},
Year = {2008},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0962-1083},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03797.x},
Abstract = {Nonrandom patterns of mating and dispersal create fine-scale
genetic structure in natural populations - especially of
social mammals - with important evolutionary and
conservation genetic consequences. Such structure is
well-characterized for typical mammalian societies; that is,
societies where social group composition is stable,
dispersal is male-biased, and males form permanent breeding
associations in just one or a few social groups over the
course of their lives. However, genetic structure is not
well understood for social mammals that differ from this
pattern, including elephants. In elephant societies, social
groups fission and fuse, and males never form permanent
breeding associations with female groups. Here, we combine
33 years of behavioural observations with genetic
information for 545 African elephants (Loxodonta africana),
to investigate how mating and dispersal behaviours structure
genetic variation between social groups and across age
classes. We found that, like most social mammals, female
matrilocality in elephants creates co-ancestry within core
social groups and significant genetic differentiation
between groups (Phi(ST) = 0.058). However, unlike typical
social mammals, male elephants do not bias reproduction
towards a limited subset of social groups, and instead breed
randomly across the population. As a result, reproductively
dominant males mediate gene flow between core groups, which
creates cohorts of similar-aged paternal relatives across
the population. Because poaching tends to eliminate the
oldest elephants from populations, illegal hunting and
poaching are likely to erode fine-scale genetic structure.
We discuss our results and their evolutionary and
conservation genetic implications in the context of other
social mammals.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03797.x},
Key = {fds227829}
}
@article{fds227828,
Author = {Nguyen, N and Gesquiere, LR and Wango, EO and Alberts, SC and Altmann,
J},
Title = {Late pregnancy glucocorticoid levels predict responsiveness
in wild baboon mothers (Papio cynocephalus)},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {75},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1747-1756},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2008},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.09.035},
Abstract = {Maternal care is the most significant measure of successful
adaptation among female mammals. Understanding the
predictors of individual differences in offspring care is a
major objective of mammalian reproductive biology. Recent
studies suggest that differences in caregiving motivation
may be associated with variation in glucocorticoid (GC)
hormones in new mothers. Despite these intriguing reports,
questions remain about the stability of this association
during a period of rapid change in both behaviour and
physiology, about whether this relationship is dependent on
other nonhormonal variables and about the generality of this
pattern across species and in wild populations.
Glucocorticoids modulate animals' responses to ongoing
stressors and may also prepare animals for predictable
future challenges. We evaluated evidence for both actions of
GCs on maternal responsiveness towards infant cries during
the first 2 months of infancy in 34 wild baboon
mother-infant dyads in Amboseli, Kenya. We found that stable
individual differences in faecal GCs during late pregnancy
predicted stable individual differences in maternal
responsiveness after birth, even after controlling for
maternal rank and parity, and infant sex and distress rate.
This study is among the first to provide evidence of
preparative actions of GCs in wild animals and to show
stability of behavioural and hormonal traits during a period
of rapid changes in both hormones and behaviour. Because
elevations in GCs during late pregnancy are probably
primarily of fetal rather than maternal origin, our results
raise the intriguing possibility that parent-offspring
conflict may underlie the preparative actions of GCs on
maternal responsiveness to infant distress. © 2008 The
Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.09.035},
Key = {fds227828}
}
@article{fds227830,
Author = {Charpentier, MJE and Tung, J and Altmann, J and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Age at maturity in wild baboons: genetic, environmental and
demographic influences.},
Journal = {Molecular ecology},
Volume = {17},
Number = {8},
Pages = {2026-2040},
Year = {2008},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18346122},
Abstract = {The timing of early life-history events, such as sexual
maturation and first reproduction, can greatly influence
variation in individual fitness. In this study, we analysed
possible sources of variation underlying different measures
of age at social and physical maturation in wild baboons in
the Amboseli basin, Kenya. The Amboseli baboons are a
natural population primarily comprised of yellow baboons
(Papio cynocephalus) that occasionally hybridize with anubis
baboons (Papio anubis) from outside the basin. We found that
males and females differed in the extent to which various
factors influenced their maturation. Surprisingly, we found
that male maturation was most strongly related to the
proportion of anubis ancestry revealed by their
microsatellite genotypes: hybrid males matured earlier than
yellow males. In contrast, although hybrid females reached
menarche slightly earlier than yellow females, maternal rank
and the presence of maternal relatives had the largest
effects on female maturation, followed by more modest
effects of group size and rainfall. Our results indicate
that a complex combination of demographic, genetic,
environmental, and maternal effects contribute to variation
in the timing of these life-history milestones.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03724.x},
Key = {fds227830}
}
@article{fds227831,
Author = {Tung, J and Charpentier, MJE and Garfield, DA and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Genetic evidence reveals temporal change in hybridization
patterns in a wild baboon population.},
Journal = {Molecular ecology},
Volume = {17},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1998-2011},
Year = {2008},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18363664},
Abstract = {The process and consequences of hybridization are of
interest to evolutionary biologists because of the
importance of hybridization in understanding reproductive
isolation, speciation, and the influence of introgression on
population genetic structure. Recent studies of
hybridization have been enhanced by the advent of sensitive,
genetic marker-based techniques for inferring the degree of
admixture occurring within individuals. Here we present a
genetic marker-based analysis of hybridization in a
large-bodied, long-lived mammal over multiple generations.
We analysed patterns of hybridization between yellow baboons
(Papio cynocephalus) and anubis baboons (Papio anubis) in a
well-studied natural population in Amboseli National Park,
Kenya, using genetic samples from 450 individuals born over
the last 36 years. We assigned genetic hybrid scores based
on genotypes at 14 microsatellite loci using the clustering
algorithm implemented in STRUCTURE 2.0, and assessed the
robustness of these scores by comparison to pedigree
information and through simulation. The genetic hybrid
scores showed generally good agreement with previous
morphological assessments of hybridity, but suggest that
genetic methods may be more sensitive for identification of
low levels of hybridity. The results of our analysis
indicate that the proportion of hybrids in the Amboseli
population has grown over time, but that the average
proportion of anubis ancestry within hybrids is gradually
decreasing. We argue that these patterns are probably a
result of both selective and nonselective processes,
including differences in the timing of life-history events
for hybrid males relative to yellow baboon males, and
stochasticity in long-distance dispersal from the source
anubis population into Amboseli.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03723.x},
Key = {fds227831}
}
@article{fds227832,
Author = {Charpentier, MJE and Van Horn and RC and Altmann, J and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Paternal effects on offspring fitness in a multimale primate
society.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {105},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1988-1992},
Year = {2008},
Month = {February},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18250308},
Abstract = {When females mate with multiple males, paternal care is
generally expected to be negligible, because it may be
difficult or impossible for males to discriminate their own
offspring from those of other males, and because engaging in
paternal care may reduce male mating opportunities.
Consequently, males in multimale societies are not predicted
to provide direct benefits to their offspring. We have
recently demonstrated, however, that males in a typical
multimale primate society (yellow baboons, Papio
cynocephalus) discriminate their own offspring from those of
other males and provide care to them in the form of repeated
support during agonistic encounters. This observation raises
the question of whether fathers enhance offspring fitness in
this species. Here we use 30 years of data on age at
maturity for 118 yellow baboons with known fathers. We show
that the father's presence in the offspring's social group
during the offspring's immature period accelerated the
timing of physiological maturation in daughters. Sons also
experienced accelerated maturation if their father was
present during their immature period, but only if the father
was high ranking at the time of their birth. Because age at
reproductive maturity has a large impact on lifetime
reproductive success, our results indicate a direct effect
of paternal presence on offspring fitness. This relationship
in turn suggests that the multiple roles that males play in
multimale animal societies have not been sufficiently
examined or appreciated and that paternal effects may be
more pervasive than previously appreciated.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0711219105},
Key = {fds227832}
}
@article{fds227833,
Author = {Van Horn and RC and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Can't get there from here: inferring kinship from pairwise
genetic relatedness},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {75},
Number = {3},
Pages = {1173-1180},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.08.027},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.08.027},
Key = {fds227833}
}
@article{fds352880,
Author = {Widdig, A and Alberts, SC and Nuernberg, P and Krawzcak,
M},
Title = {Do mothers promote social preference among their paternally
related offspring? Testing mechanisms of paternal kin
discrimination},
Journal = {FOLIA PRIMATOLOGICA},
Volume = {79},
Number = {5},
Pages = {398-398},
Publisher = {KARGER},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds352880}
}
@misc{fds140246,
Author = {Loisel DA and Alberts SC and Ober C},
Title = {Functional significance of MHC variation in mate choice,
reproductive outcome, and disease risk},
Series = {2nd edition},
Pages = {95-108},
Booktitle = {Evolution in Health and Disease},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Address = {Oxford, UK},
Editor = {SC Stearns and J Koella},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds140246}
}
@article{fds227789,
Author = {Alberts, S},
Title = {Why play by the rules? Constitutionalism and democratic
institutionalization in Ecuador and Uruguay},
Journal = {Democratization},
Volume = {15},
Number = {5},
Pages = {849-869},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {1351-0347},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13510340802362646},
Abstract = {This article argues that constitutionalism and democratic
institutionalization are linked, and that variations in
progress towards institutionalized democracy are explained
by incentives for political actors to comply with
constitutional constraints on their power and to cooperate
in governing. The analysis examines the impact of incentives
generated by political institutions on Ecuador and Uruguay's
contrasting experiences in institutionalizing democracy.
Institutions generate incentives for political actors to
'play by the rules' when they extend protections, align
interest with duty, and encourage negotiation and
compromise. Survival provisions, electoral rules, and the
nature of parties and the party system are found to generate
incentives to cooperate in governing and to comply with
constitutional constraints in Uruguay, and disincentives to
engage in these behaviours in Ecuador. A new classification
of survival provisions is proposed - shared, mixed, and
separate - which isolates the impact of these rules on the
degree of cooperation in governing. The article's findings
clarify the mechanisms by which institutional choices
facilitate or obstruct the emergence of constitutionalism
and institutionalized democracy.},
Doi = {10.1080/13510340802362646},
Key = {fds227789}
}
@article{fds227827,
Author = {Gesquiere, LR and Khan, M and Shek, L and Wango, EO and Alberts, SC and Altmann, J},
Title = {Coping with a challenging environment: seasonal variation in
glucocorticoids in female baboons (Papio
cynocephalus)},
Journal = {Hormones and Behavior},
Volume = {54},
Number = {3},
Pages = {410-416},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {0018-506X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.04.007},
Abstract = {Environmental stressors impact physiology and behavior in
many species of animals. These effects are partly mediated
through changing concentrations of glucocorticoids, which
also vary with reproductive state and social conditions.
Prior research has focused largely on seasonal breeders, but
the close temporal linkage between season and reproductive
state in these species hinders ability to disentangle
environmental effects from those of the animal's
reproductive status. Here we assessed the effects of
environmental challenges on the fecal glucocorticoid (fGC)
levels of non-seasonal breeders, female baboons (Papio
cynocephalus) of Amboseli, Kenya. Amboseli is characterized
by a long dry season, during which food and water become
scarce, and by extreme temperatures above 40 °C in the
shade during some months of the year. We found that after
accounting for female reproductive status and individual
variability, females exhibited higher fGC levels during the
dry season than during the wet season. Further, during the
wet season, fGC levels were higher in months of high average
daily maximum temperatures. During the dry season, fGC
levels were elevated both in hotter months and in months
during which the baboons spent a relatively high proportion
of time feeding. In spite of these stressors, female baboons
reproduce during all months of the year in Amboseli, unlike
most other mammals in this environment. This may be
attributable to their extreme adaptability, specifically
their diversified diet, and their ability to modify their
behavior, including their activity profiles. © 2008
Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.04.007},
Key = {fds227827}
}
@article{fds227835,
Author = {Charpentier, MJE and Widdig, A and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Inbreeding depression in non-human primates: a historical
review of methods used and empirical data.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {69},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1370-1386},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17486606},
Abstract = {Offspring born to related parents may show reduced fitness
due to inbreeding depression. Although evidence of
inbreeding depression has accumulated for a variety of taxa
during the past two decades, such analyses remain rare for
primate species, probably because of their long generation
time. However, inbreeding can have important fitness costs
and is likely to shape life-history traits in all living
species. As a consequence, selection should have favored
inbreeding avoidance via sex-biased dispersal, extra-group
paternity, or kin discrimination. In this paper, we review
empirical studies on the effects of inbreeding on fitness
traits or fitness correlates in primate species. In
addition, we report the methods that have been used to
detect inbreeding in primate populations, and their
development with the improvement of laboratory techniques.
We focus particularly on the advantages and disadvantages
using microsatellite loci to detect inbreeding. Although the
genetic data that are typically available (partial
pedigrees, use of microsatellite heterozygosity as an
estimate of genomewide inbreeding) tend to impose
constraints on analyses, we encourage primatologists to
explore the potential effects of inbreeding if they have
access to even partial pedigrees or genetic information.
Such studies are important because of both the value of
basic research in inbreeding depression in the wild and the
conservation issues associated with inbreeding, particularly
in threatened species, which include more than half of the
currently living primate species.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.20445},
Key = {fds227835}
}
@article{fds227837,
Author = {Van Horn and RC and Buchan, JC and Altmann, J and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Divided destinies: Group choice by female savannah baboons
during social group fission},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Volume = {61},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1823-1837},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2007},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0340-5443},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-007-0415-1},
Abstract = {Group living provides benefits to individuals while imposing
costs on them. In species that live in permanent social
groups, group division provides the only opportunity for
nondispersing individuals to change their group membership
and improve their benefit to cost ratio. We examined group
choice by 81 adult female savannah baboons (Papio
cynocephalus) during four fission events. We measured how
each female's group choice was affected by several factors:
the presence of her maternal kin, paternal kin, age peers,
and close social partners, her average kinship to
groupmates, and her potential for improved dominance rank.
Maternal kin, paternal kin, and close social partners
influenced group choice by some females, but the relative
importance of these factors varied across fissions. Age
peers other than paternal kin had no effect on group choice,
and average kinship to all groupmates had the same effect on
group choice as did maternal kin alone. Most females were
subordinate to fewer females after fissions than before, but
status improvement did not drive female group choice;
females often preferred to remain with social superiors who
were their close maternal kin, rather than improving their
own social ranks. We suggest that during permanent group
fissions, female baboons prefer to remain with close
maternal kin if those are abundant enough to influence their
fitness; if they have too few close maternal kin then
females prefer to remain with close paternal kin, and social
bonds with nonkin might also become influential. © 2007
Springer-Verlag.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00265-007-0415-1},
Key = {fds227837}
}
@article{fds227838,
Author = {Archie, EA and Hollister-Smith, JA and Poole, JH and Lee, PC and Moss,
CJ and Maldonado, JE and Fleischer, RC and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Behavioural inbreeding avoidance in wild African
elephants.},
Journal = {Molecular ecology},
Volume = {16},
Number = {19},
Pages = {4138-4148},
Year = {2007},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0962-1083},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03483.x},
Abstract = {The costs of inbreeding depression, as well as the
opportunity costs of inbreeding avoidance, determine whether
and which mechanisms of inbreeding avoidance evolve. In
African elephants, sex-biased dispersal does not lead to the
complete separation of male and female relatives, and so
individuals may experience selection to recognize kin and
avoid inbreeding. However, because estrous females are rare
and male-male competition for mates is intense, the
opportunity costs of inbreeding avoidance may be high,
particularly for males. Here we combine 28 years of
behavioural and demographic data on wild elephants with
genotypes from 545 adult females, adult males, and calves in
Amboseli National Park, Kenya, to test the hypothesis that
elephants engage in sexual behaviour and reproduction with
relatives less often than expected by chance. We found
support for this hypothesis: males engaged in proportionally
fewer sexual behaviours and sired proportionally fewer
offspring with females that were natal family members or
close genetic relatives (both maternal and paternal) than
they did with nonkin. We discuss the relevance of these
results for understanding the evolution of inbreeding
avoidance and for elephant conservation.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03483.x},
Key = {fds227838}
}
@article{fds227834,
Author = {Tung, J and Rudolph, J and Altmann, J and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Parallel effects of genetic variation in ACE activity in
baboons and humans.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {134},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-8},
Year = {2007},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17503445},
Abstract = {Like humans, savannah baboons (Papio sp.) show heritable
interindividual variation in complex physiological
phenotypes. One prominent example of such variation involves
production of the homeostatic regulator protein angiotensin
converting enzyme (ACE), which shows heritable variation in
both baboons and humans. In humans, this phenotypic
variation is associated with an Alu insertion-deletion
polymorphism in the ACE gene, which explains approximately
half of the variation in serum ACE activity. We identified a
similar Alu insertion-deletion polymorphism in the baboon
ACE homologue and measured its frequency in a wild
population and a captive population of baboons. We also
analyzed the contribution of ACE genotype at this indel to
variation in serum ACE activity in the captive population.
When conditioned on weight, a known factor affecting ACE
activity in humans, age and ACE genotype both accounted for
variance in ACE activity; in particular, we identified a
significant nonadditive interaction between age and
genotype. A model incorporating this interaction effect
explained 21.6% of the variation in residual serum ACE
activity. Individuals homozygous for the deletion mutation
exhibited significantly higher levels of ACE activity than
insertion-deletion heterozygotes at younger ages (10-14
years), but showed a trend towards lower levels of ACE
activity compared with heterozygotes at older ages (> or =15
years). These results demonstrate an interesting parallel
between the genetic architecture underlying ACE variation in
humans and baboons, suggesting that further attention should
be paid in humans to the relationship between ACE genetic
variation and aging.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20614},
Key = {fds227834}
}
@article{fds304244,
Author = {Hollister-Smith, JA and Poole, JH and Archie, EA and Vance, EA and Georgiadis, NJ and Moss, CJ and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Age, musth and paternity success in wild male African
elephants, Loxodonta africana},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {74},
Number = {2},
Pages = {287-296},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2007},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.12.008},
Abstract = {Male African elephants experience intense intrasexual
selection in gaining access to oestrous females, who
represent a very scarce and highly mobile resource. An
unusual combination of behavioural and physiological traits
in males probably reflects this intense selection pressure.
Males show prolonged growth, growing throughout much or
perhaps all of their long life span (ca. 60-65 years), and
they show musth, a physiological and behavioural condition
exclusive to elephants, which is manifested by bouts of
elevated testosterone and aggression and heightened sexual
activity. Most observed matings are by males over 35 years
of age and in musth, suggesting that age and musth are both
important factors contributing to male reproductive success.
Here we report the results of a genetic paternity analysis
of a well-studied population of wild African elephants.
Patterns of paternity for 119 calves born over a 22-year
period showed significant effects of both age and musth on
paternity success. Among males in musth, paternity success
increased significantly with age until the very oldest age
classes, when it modestly declined. When not in musth, males
experienced relatively constant, low levels of paternity
success at all ages. Thus, despite the importance of both
musth and age in determining male paternity success, adult
males both in and out of musth, and of all ages, produced
calves. In general, however, older males had markedly
elevated paternity success compared with younger males,
suggesting the possibility of sexual selection for longevity
in this species. © 2007 The Association for the Study of
Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.12.008},
Key = {fds304244}
}
@article{fds227846,
Author = {Gesquiere, LR and Wango, EO and Alberts, SC and Altmann,
J},
Title = {Mechanisms of sexual selection: sexual swellings and
estrogen concentrations as fertility indicators and cues for
male consort decisions in wild baboons.},
Journal = {Hormones and behavior},
Volume = {51},
Number = {1},
Pages = {114-125},
Year = {2007},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0018-506X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.08.010},
Abstract = {Male mate-guarding episodes ('consortships'), are
taxonomically widespread, yet costly to individual males.
Consequently, males should bias consortships toward females
with whom the probability of conception is high. We combined
data on consortships with visual scoring of sexual swellings
and assays of fecal estrogen concentrations (fE) in a wild
population of baboons (Papio cynocephalus) to test the
hypotheses that sexual swellings are reliable indicators of
(1) within-cycle timing of ovulation, (2) differences in
conception probability among females that differ in
maturational stage, and (3) conceptive versus non-conceptive
cycles of parous females. We also evaluated whether adult
males might rely on swellings or other estrogen-dependent
signals (e.g., fE) for mate-guarding decisions. We found
that sexual swellings reflected conception probability
within and among cycles. Adult males limited their
consortships to the turgescent phase of cycles, and
consorted more with adult females than with newly cycling
adolescents. The highest ranking (alpha) males discriminated
more than did males of other ranks; they (1) limited their
consortships to the 5-day peri-ovulatory period, (2)
consorted more with adult than with adolescent females, and
(3) consorted more with adult females on conceptive cycles
than on non-conceptive cycles, all to a greater extent than
did males of other ranks. Male mate choice based on sexual
swellings and other estrogenic cues of fertility may result
in sexual selection on these female traits and enhance
dominance-based reproductive skew in males. Alpha males are
the least constrained in their mating behavior and can best
take advantage of these cues to mate selectively.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.08.010},
Key = {fds227846}
}
@article{fds227836,
Author = {Hollister Smith and JA and Poole, JH and Archie, EA and Vance, EA and Georgiadis, NJ and Moss, CJ and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Paternity success in wild African elephants},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {74},
Number = {2},
Pages = {287-296},
Year = {2007},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.12.008},
Abstract = {Male African elephants experience intense intrasexual
selection in gaining access to oestrous females, who
represent a very scarce and highly mobile resource. An
unusual combination of behavioural and physiological traits
in males probably reflects this intense selection pressure.
Males show prolonged growth, growing throughout much or
perhaps all of their long life span (ca. 60-65 years), and
they show musth, a physiological and behavioural condition
exclusive to elephants, which is manifested by bouts of
elevated testosterone and aggression and heightened sexual
activity. Most observed matings are by males over 35 years
of age and in musth, suggesting that age and musth are both
important factors contributing to male reproductive success.
Here we report the results of a genetic paternity analysis
of a well-studied population of wild African elephants.
Patterns of paternity for 119 calves born over a 22-year
period showed significant effects of both age and musth on
paternity success. Among males in musth, paternity success
increased significantly with age until the very oldest age
classes, when it modestly declined. When not in musth, males
experienced relatively constant, low levels of paternity
success at all ages. Thus, despite the importance of both
musth and age in determining male paternity success, adult
males both in and out of musth, and of all ages, produced
calves. In general, however, older males had markedly
elevated paternity success compared with younger males,
suggesting the possibility of sexual selection for longevity
in this species. © 2007 The Association for the Study of
Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.12.008},
Key = {fds227836}
}
@article{fds227841,
Author = {Silk, JB and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Social relationships among adult female baboons (papio
cynocephalus) I. Variation in the strength of social
bonds},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Volume = {61},
Number = {2},
Pages = {183-195},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2006},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0340-5443},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-006-0249-2},
Abstract = {Sociality has positive effects on female fitness in many
mammalian species. Among female baboons, those who are most
socially integrated reproduce most successfully. Here we
test a number of predictions derived from kin selection
theory about the strength of social bonds among adult female
baboons. Our analyses are based on systematic observations
of grooming and association patterns among 118 females
living in seven different social groups in the Amboseli
Basin of Kenya over a 16-year period. Females in these
groups formed the strongest bonds with close kin, including
their mothers, daughters, and maternal and paternal sisters.
Females were also strongly attracted toward females who were
close to their own age, perhaps because peers were often
paternal sisters. Females' bonds with their maternal sisters
were strengthened after their mother's deaths, whereas their
relationships with their maternal aunts were weakened after
their mother's death. In addition, females formed stronger
bonds with their paternal sisters when no close maternal kin
were available, and they compensated for the absence of any
close kin by forming strong bonds with nonrelatives. Taken
together, these data suggest that social bonds play a vital
role in females' lives, and the ability to establish and
maintain strong social bonds may have important fitness
consequences for females. © 2006 Springer-Verlag.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00265-006-0249-2},
Key = {fds227841}
}
@article{fds227842,
Author = {Silk, JB and Alberts, SC and Altmann, J},
Title = {Social relationships among adult female baboons (Papio
cynocephalus) II. Variation in the quality and stability of
social bonds},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Volume = {61},
Number = {2},
Pages = {197-204},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2006},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0340-5443},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-006-0250-9},
Abstract = {A growing body of evidence suggests that social bonds have
adaptive value for animals that live in social groups.
Although these findings suggest that natural selection may
favor the ability to cultivate and sustain social bonds, we
know very little about the factors that influence the
quality or stability of social bonds. Here, we draw on data
derived from a 16-year study of baboons living in seven
different social groups in the Amboseli basin of Kenya to
evaluate the quality and stability of social bonds among
females. Our results extend previous analyses, which
demonstrate that females form the strongest bonds with close
maternal and paternal kin, age mates (who may be paternal
kin), and females who occupy similar ranks but are not
maternal relatives. Here we show that the same factors
influence the quality and strength of social bonds.
Moreover, the results demonstrate that the quality of social
bonds directly affects their stability. © 2006
Springer-Verlag.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00265-006-0250-9},
Key = {fds227842}
}
@article{fds227843,
Author = {Alberts, SC and Buchan, JC and Altmann, J},
Title = {Sexual selection in wild baboons: from mating opportunities
to paternity success},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {72},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1177-1196},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2006},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.05.001},
Abstract = {In mammals, high dominance rank among males is often
associated with mating success. However, mating
opportunities do not automatically translate into offspring
production; observed mating success may be discordant with
offspring production, for three reasons. (1) Observed mating
may be nonrepresentative of actual mating if some mating is
surreptitious (decreasing the chance that it will be
observed), (2) mating may be nonrandom if some males
allocate more mating effort to females with high fertility
(i.e. if some males differentially invest in higher
fertility mating) and (3) conception success may be
nonrandom if sperm competition or sperm selection play a
role in conception. We performed a genetic analysis of
paternity in the well-studied savannah baboon, Papio
cynocephalus, population in the Amboseli basin, eastern
Africa, in order to measure the concordance between observed
mating success and actual offspring production. We found
that observed mating success was generally a good predictor
of paternity success, that high-ranking males had higher
paternity success than lower-ranking males, and that male
density and male rank stability contributed to variance in
male paternity success. We found little evidence for
successful surreptitious mating (although subadult males did
occasionally produce offspring, apparently using this
strategy), and no clear evidence for differential sperm
success or sperm depletion (although we could not rule them
out). However, we found clear evidence that high-ranking
males showed mate choice, concentrating their mating efforts
on females experiencing conceptive rather than nonconceptive
cycles. © 2006 The Association for the Study of Animal
Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.05.001},
Key = {fds227843}
}
@article{fds227839,
Author = {Loisel, DA and Rockman, MV and Wray, GA and Altmann, J and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Ancient polymorphism and functional variation in the primate
MHC-DQA1 5' cis-regulatory region.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {103},
Number = {44},
Pages = {16331-16336},
Year = {2006},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053068},
Abstract = {Precise regulation of MHC gene expression is critical to
vertebrate immune surveillance and response. Polymorphisms
in the 5' proximal promoter region of the human class II
gene HLA-DQA1 have been shown to influence its
transcriptional regulation and may contribute to the
pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. We investigated the
evolutionary history of this cis-regulatory region by
sequencing the DQA1 5' proximal promoter region in eight
nonhuman primate species. We observed unexpectedly high
levels of sequence variation and multiple strong signatures
of balancing selection in this region. Specifically, the
considerable DQA1 promoter region diversity was
characterized by abundant shared (or trans-species)
polymorphism and a pronounced lack of fixed differences
between species. The majority of transcription factor
binding sites in the DQA1 promoter region were polymorphic
within species, and these binding site polymorphisms were
commonly shared among multiple species despite evidence for
negative selection eliminating a significant fraction of
binding site mutations. We assessed the functional
consequences of intraspecific promoter region diversity
using a cell line-based reporter assay and detected
significant differences among baboon DQA1 promoter
haplotypes in their ability to drive transcription in vitro.
The functional differentiation of baboon promoter
haplotypes, together with the significant deviations from
neutral sequence evolution, suggests a role for balancing
selection in the evolution of DQA1 transcriptional
regulation in primates.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0607662103},
Key = {fds227839}
}
@article{fds227845,
Author = {Beehner, JC and Onderdonk, DA and Alberts, SC and Altmann,
J},
Title = {The ecology of conception and pregnancy failure in wild
baboons},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology},
Volume = {17},
Number = {5},
Pages = {741-750},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2006},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1045-2249},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arl006},
Abstract = {Environmental conditions are a key factor mediating
reproductive success or failure. Consequently, many
mammalian taxa have breeding seasons that coordinate
critical reproductive stages with optimal environmental
conditions. However, in contrast with most mammals, baboons
(Papio cynocephalus) of Kenya reproduce throughout the year.
Here we depart from the typical approach of evaluating
seasonal effects on reproduction and engage in a more
fine-grained analysis of the actual ecological conditions
leading up to reproduction for females. Our aim was to
determine how environmental conditions, in combination with
social and demographic factors, might mediate baboon
reproduction. The data set includes all female reproductive
cycles from multiple baboon groups in the Amboseli basin
between 1976 and 2004. Results indicate that after periods
of drought or extreme heat, females were significantly less
likely to cycle than expected. If females did cycle after
these conditions, they were less likely to conceive; and if
they did conceive after drought (heat effects were
nonsignificant), they were less likely to have a successful
pregnancy. Age also significantly predicted conceptive
failure; conceptive probability was lowest among the
youngest and oldest cycling females. There was also a trend
for high ambient temperatures to contribute to fetal loss
during the first trimester but not other trimesters.
Finally, group size and drought conditions interacted in
their effects on the probability of conception. Although
females in all groups had equal conception probabilities
during optimal conditions, females in large groups were less
likely than those in small groups to conceive during periods
of drought. These results indicate that in a highly variable
environment, baboon reproductive success is mediated by the
interaction between proximate ecological conditions and
individual demographic factors. © The Author 2006.
Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the
International Society for Behavioral Ecology. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1093/beheco/arl006},
Key = {fds227845}
}
@article{fds227840,
Author = {Beehner, JC and Nguyen, N and Wango, EO and Alberts, SC and Altmann,
J},
Title = {The endocrinology of pregnancy and fetal loss in wild
baboons.},
Journal = {Hormones and behavior},
Volume = {49},
Number = {5},
Pages = {688-699},
Year = {2006},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0018-506X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.12.016},
Abstract = {An impressive body of research has focused on the mechanisms
by which the steroid estrogens (E), progestins (P), and
glucocorticoids (GC) ensure successful pregnancy. With the
advance of non-invasive techniques to measure steroids in
urine and feces, steroid hormones are routinely monitored to
detect pregnancy in wild mammalian species, but hormone data
on fetal loss have been sparse. Here, we examine fecal
steroid hormones from five groups of wild yellow baboons
(Papio cynocephalus) in the Amboseli basin of Kenya to
compare the hormones of successful pregnancies to those
ending in fetal loss or stillbirth. Using a combination of
longitudinal and cross-sectional data, we analyzed three
steroid hormones (E, P, GC) and related metabolites from 5
years of fecal samples across 188 pregnancies. Our results
document the course of steroid hormone concentrations across
successful baboon pregnancy in the wild and demonstrate that
fecal estrogens predicted impending fetal loss starting 2
months before the externally observed loss. By also
considering an additional 450 pregnancies for which we did
not have hormonal data, we determined that the probability
for fetal loss for Amboseli baboons was 13.9%, and that
fetal mortality occurred throughout gestation (91 losses
occurred in 656 pregnancies; rates were the same for
pregnancies with and without hormonal data). These results
demonstrate that our longstanding method for early detection
of pregnancies based on observation of external indicators
closely matches hormonal identification of pregnancy in wild
baboons.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.12.016},
Key = {fds227840}
}
@article{fds227847,
Author = {Archie, EA and Moss, CJ and Alberts, SC},
Title = {The ties that bind: genetic relatedness predicts the fission
and fusion of social groups in wild African
elephants.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {273},
Number = {1586},
Pages = {513-522},
Year = {2006},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0962-8452},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16537121},
Abstract = {Many social animals live in stable groups. In contrast,
African savannah elephants (Loxodonta africana) live in
unusually fluid, fission-fusion societies. That is, 'core'
social groups are composed of predictable sets of
individuals; however, over the course of hours or days,
these groups may temporarily divide and reunite, or they may
fuse with other social groups to form much larger social
units. Here, we test the hypothesis that genetic relatedness
predicts patterns of group fission and fusion among wild,
female African elephants. Our study of a single Kenyan
population spans 236 individuals in 45 core social groups,
genotyped at 11 microsatellite and one mitochondrial DNA
(mtDNA) locus. We found that genetic relatedness predicted
group fission; adult females remained with their first order
maternal relatives when core groups fissioned temporarily.
Relatedness also predicted temporary fusion between social
groups; core groups were more likely to fuse with each other
when the oldest females in each group were genetic
relatives. Groups that shared mtDNA haplotypes were also
significantly more likely to fuse than groups that did not
share mtDNA. Our results suggest that associations between
core social groups persist for decades after the original
maternal kin have died. We discuss these results in the
context of kin selection and its possible role in the
evolution of elephant sociality.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2005.3361},
Key = {fds227847}
}
@article{fds304243,
Author = {Archie, EA and Morrison, TA and Foley, CAH and Moss, CJ and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Dominance rank relationships among wild female African
elephants, Loxodonta africana},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {71},
Number = {1},
Pages = {117-127},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.03.023},
Abstract = {Socioecological models of the evolution of female-bonded
societies predict a relation between resource distribution
and the nature of female affiliative and dominance
relationships. Species that mainly rely on abundant, widely
distributed resources, like African savanna elephants, are
predicted to have unresolved dominance hierarchies and
poorly differentiated female social relationships. Contrary
to this prediction, female elephants have
well-differentiated social relationships; however, little is
known about the nature of their dominance rank
relationships. Here we present the first quantitative
analysis of dominance relationships within 'family' groups
of adult female elephants in two wild populations: one in
Amboseli National Park, Kenya, and another in Tarangire
National Park, Tanzania. We tested three possibilities, that
female elephants: (1) are egalitarian, (2) have linear,
nepotistic hierarchies, or (3) have linear age/size-ordered
hierarchies. Our results best support the third outcome:
dominance rank relationships were transitive within families
and highly asymmetrical within dyads, such that older,
larger females consistently dominated smaller, younger
females. We discuss the implications of this result for
understanding the evolution of female social relationships.
© 2005 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.03.023},
Key = {fds304243}
}
@article{fds227844,
Author = {Archie, EA and Morrison, TA and Foley, CA and Moss, CJ and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Linear dominance hierarchies in African elephants},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {71},
Number = {1},
Pages = {117-127},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.03.023},
Abstract = {Socioecological models of the evolution of female-bonded
societies predict a relation between resource distribution
and the nature of female affiliative and dominance
relationships. Species that mainly rely on abundant, widely
distributed resources, like African savanna elephants, are
predicted to have unresolved dominance hierarchies and
poorly differentiated female social relationships. Contrary
to this prediction, female elephants have
well-differentiated social relationships; however, little is
known about the nature of their dominance rank
relationships. Here we present the first quantitative
analysis of dominance relationships within 'family' groups
of adult female elephants in two wild populations: one in
Amboseli National Park, Kenya, and another in Tarangire
National Park, Tanzania. We tested three possibilities, that
female elephants: (1) are egalitarian, (2) have linear,
nepotistic hierarchies, or (3) have linear age/size-ordered
hierarchies. Our results best support the third outcome:
dominance rank relationships were transitive within families
and highly asymmetrical within dyads, such that older,
larger females consistently dominated smaller, younger
females. We discuss the implications of this result for
understanding the evolution of female social relationships.
© 2005 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.03.023},
Key = {fds227844}
}
@misc{fds366833,
Author = {Alberts, SC and Altmann, J},
Title = {The Evolutionary Past and the Research Future: Environmental
Variation and Life History Flexibility in a Primate
Lineage},
Pages = {277-303},
Booktitle = {REPRODUCTION AND FITNESS IN BABOONS},
Publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
Editor = {L. Swedell and S. Leigh},
Year = {2006},
ISBN = {978-0-387-30688-9},
Key = {fds366833}
}
@misc{fds366834,
Author = {Alberts, SC and Hollister-Smith, JA and Mututua, RS and Sayialel, SN and Muruthi, PM and Warutere, JK and Altmann, J},
Title = {Seasonality and long-term change in a savanna
environment},
Pages = {157-196},
Booktitle = {Seasonality in Primates},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {D. K. Brockman and C. P. van Schaik},
Year = {2005},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511542343.007},
Doi = {10.1017/cbo9780511542343.007},
Key = {fds366834}
}
@article{fds227778,
Author = {Buchan, JC and Archie, EA and Van Horn and RC and Moss, CJ and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Locus effects and sources of error in noninvasive
genotyping},
Journal = {Molecular Ecology Notes},
Volume = {5},
Number = {3},
Pages = {680-683},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2005},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1471-8278},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01002.x},
Abstract = {In spite of more than a decade of research on noninvasive
genetic sampling, the low quality and quantity of DNA in
noninvasive studies continue to plague researchers. Effects
of locus size on error have been documented but are still
poorly understood. Further, sources of error other than
allelic dropout have been described but are often not well
quantified. Here we analyse the effects of locus size on
allelic dropout, amplification success and error rates in
noninvasive genotyping studies of three species, and
quantify error other than allelic dropout. © 2005 Blackwell
Publishing Ltd.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01002.x},
Key = {fds227778}
}
@article{fds227858,
Author = {Morrison, TA and Chiyo, PI and Moss, CJ and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Measures of dung bolus size for known-age African elephants
(Loxodonta africana): Implications for age
estimation},
Journal = {Journal of Zoology},
Volume = {266},
Number = {1},
Pages = {89-94},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2005},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0952836905006631},
Abstract = {The availability of a population of mostly known-age African
elephants Loxodonta africana from Amboseli National Park,
Kenya, provided a unique opportunity to assess the use of
dung bolus diameter for estimating age. A predictive
equation for estimating dung bolus diameters from elephants
of known age was derived and was found to follow the typical
growth pattern exhibited by changes in shoulder height and
foot length. The relationship between measurements of dung
bolus and age was particularly strong when growth rates were
high (age 0-25 years). The dung bolus growth curve from
Amboseli elephants was similar to that derived from another
wild population of African elephants, suggesting that dung
bolus diameter can be used to assess age structure in areas
where it is impossible to construct independent prediction
curves of age and dung bolus. © 2005 The Zoological Society
of London.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0952836905006631},
Key = {fds227858}
}
@article{fds227857,
Author = {Altmann, J and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Growth rates in a wild primate population: Ecological
influences and maternal effects},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Volume = {57},
Number = {5},
Pages = {490-501},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2005},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-004-0870-x},
Abstract = {Growth rate is a life-history trait often linked to various
fitness components, including survival, age of first
reproduction, and fecundity. Here we present an analysis of
growth-rate variability in a wild population of savannah
baboons (Papio cynocephalus). We found that relative
juvenile size was a stable individual trait during the
juvenile period: individuals generally remained consistently
large-for-age or small-for-age throughout development.
Resource availability, which varied greatly in the study
population (between completely wild-foraging and partially
food-enhanced social groups), had major effects on growth.
Sexual maturity was accelerated for animals in the
food-enhanced foraging condition, and the extent and
ontogeny of sexual dimorphism differed with resource
availability. Maternal characteristics also had significant
effects on growth. Under both foraging conditions, females
of high dominance rank and multiparous females had
relatively large-for-age juveniles. Large relative juvenile
size predicted earlier age of sexual maturation for both
males and females in the wild-feeding condition. This
confirmed that maternal effects were pervasive and
contributed to differences among individuals in fitness
components. © Springer-Verlag 2004.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00265-004-0870-x},
Key = {fds227857}
}
@article{fds227848,
Author = {Gesquiere, LR and Altmann, J and Khan, MZ and Couret, J and Yu, JC and Endres, CS and Lynch, JW and Ogola, P and Fox, EA and Alberts, SC and Wango, E},
Title = {Coming of age: steroid hormones of wild immature baboons,
Papio cynocephalus},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {67},
Number = {1},
Pages = {83-100},
Year = {2005},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20171},
Abstract = {Large gaps exist in our knowledge about common patterns and
variability in the endocrinology of immature nonhuman
primates, and even normal hormonal profiles during that life
stage are lacking for wild populations. In the present study
we present steroid profiles for a wild population of baboons
(Papio cynocephalus) from infancy through reproductive
maturation, obtained by noninvasive fecal analyses. Fecal
concentrations of glucocorticoid (fGC) and testosterone (fT)
metabolites for males, and of fGC, estrogen (fE), and
progestin (fP) metabolites for females were measured by
radioimmunoassay (RIA). In males, infancy was characterized
by high and declining levels of fGC and fT, whereas steroid
concentrations were low during the juvenile years. During
the months immediately prior to testicular enlargement, fT
(but not fGC) concentration tended to increase. Males that
matured early consistently had higher fT and fGC
concentrations than those that matured late, but not
significantly so at any age. Individual differences in fT
concentrations were stable across ages, and average
individual fT and fGC concentrations were positively
correlated. For females, high and declining levels of fE
characterized infancy, and values increased again after 3.5
years of age, as some females reached menarche by that age.
Both fP and fGC were relatively low and constant throughout
infancy and the juvenile period. During the months
immediately prior to menarche, fGC concentration
significantly decreased, while no changes were observed for
fE levels. fP exhibited a complicated pattern of decrease
that was subsequently followed by a more modest and
nonsignificant increase as menarche approached. Early- (EM)
and late-maturing (LM) females differed only in fP
concentration; the higher fP concentrations in EM females
reached significance at 4-4.5 years of age. Maternal rank at
offspring conception did not predict concentrations of any
hormone for either sex. Our results demonstrate the presence
of individual endocrine variability, which could have
important consequences for the timing of sexual maturation
and subsequently for individual reproductive success.
Further evaluation of the factors that affect hormone
concentrations during the juvenile and adolescent periods
should lead to a better understanding of mechanisms of
life-history variability.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.20171},
Key = {fds227848}
}
@article{fds227856,
Author = {Altmann, J and Lynch, JW and Nguyen, N and Alberts, SC and Gesquiere,
LR},
Title = {Life-history correlates of steroid concentrations in wild
peripartum baboons.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {64},
Number = {1},
Pages = {95-106},
Year = {2004},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20064},
Abstract = {Steroid concentrations during late pregnancy and early
lactation may be affected by both a female's reproductive
history and her current condition, and may in turn predict
subsequent life-history events, such as offspring survival.
This study investigated these relationships in a wild
primate population through the use of fecal steroid analysis
in repeated sampling of peripartum baboons (Papio
cynocephalus). Fecal samples were collected from 32 females
in five groups within the Amboseli basin during 8 weeks
prior to parturition and 13 weeks postpartum. From December
1999 through February 2002, 176 fecal samples were collected
from individuals representing 39 peripartum periods. Fecal
concentrations of progestins (fP), estrogen metabolites
(fE), glucocorticoids (fGC), and testosterone metabolites
(fT) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Steroid
concentrations declined from late pregnancy to lactation,
and the decline was greatest and most precipitous for fE and
fP. Primiparous females had significantly higher mean fE
concentrations in each of the last 2 months of pregnancy
compared to multiparous females. Among multiparous females,
fE and fT were significantly higher during late pregnancy in
females carrying a male fetus compared to those carrying a
female fetus. During early lactation, high fT in young
mothers predicted subsequent infant death during the first
year of life. These findings illustrate the potential power
of repeated fecal-steroid sampling to elucidate mechanisms
of life-history variability in natural populations. They
also document significant differences in hormone profiles
among subgroups, and highlight that such normative subgroup
information is essential for interpreting individual
variability in hormone-behavior associations.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.20064},
Key = {fds227856}
}
@article{fds227776,
Author = {Alberts, SC and Altmann, J},
Title = {Reproductive behavior in wild baboons.},
Journal = {Gynecologic and obstetric investigation},
Volume = {57},
Number = {1},
Pages = {10-13},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0378-7346},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14971413},
Doi = {10.1159/000077385},
Key = {fds227776}
}
@article{fds227777,
Author = {Silk, JB and Alberts, SC and Altmann, J},
Title = {Patterns of coalition formation by adult female baboons in
Amboseli, Kenya},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {67},
Number = {3},
Pages = {573-582},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.07.001},
Abstract = {Coalitionary support in agonistic interactions is generally
thought to be costly to the actor and beneficial to the
recipient. Explanations for such cooperative interactions
usually invoke kin selection, reciprocal altruism or
mutualism. We evaluated the role of these factors and
individual benefits in shaping the pattern of coalitionary
activity among adult female savannah baboons, Papio
cynocephalus, in Amboseli, Kenya. There is a broad consensus
that, when ecological conditions favour collective defence
of resources, selection favours investment in social
relationships with those likely to provide coalitionary
support. The primary features of social organization in
female-bonded groups, including female philopatry, linear
dominance hierarchies, acquisition of maternal rank and
well-differentiated female relationships, are thought to be
functionally linked to the existence of alliances between
females. Female savannah baboons display these
characteristics, but the frequency and function of their
coalitionary aggression is disputed. In our five study
groups, 4-6% of all disputes between females led to
intervention by third parties. Adult females selectively
supported close maternal kin. There was no evidence that
females traded grooming for support or reciprocated support
with nonkin. High-ranking females participated in
coalitionary aggression most frequently, perhaps because
they derived more benefits from group membership than other
females did or could provide support at lower cost. Females
typically supported the higher ranking of two contestants
when they intervened in disputes between subordinates, so
most coalitions reinforced the existing dominance hierarchy.
Results indicate that female baboons participate in
coalitionary aggression in a manner strongly influenced by
nepotism and individual benefits. © 2004 The Association
for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier
Ltd. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.07.001},
Key = {fds227777}
}
@article{fds227867,
Author = {Silk, JB and Alberts, SC and Altmann, J},
Title = {Social bonds of female baboons enhance infant
survival.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {302},
Number = {5648},
Pages = {1231-1234},
Year = {2003},
Month = {November},
url = {hgvj,hbklnkjhn;iohuiguyvgbjknbliub},
Abstract = {Among nonhuman primates, females often form strong bonds
with kin and other group members. These relationships are
thought to have adaptive value for females, but direct
effects of sociality on fitness have never been
demonstrated. We present 16 years of behavioral data from a
well-studied population of wild baboons, which demonstrate
that sociality of adult females is positively associated
with infant survival, an important component of variation in
female lifetime fitness. The effects of sociality on infant
survival are independent of the effects of dominance rank,
group membership, and environmental conditions. Our results
are consistent with the evidence that social support has
beneficial effects on human health and well-being across the
life span. For humans and other primates, sociality has
adaptive value.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1088580},
Key = {fds227867}
}
@article{fds227850,
Author = {Buchan, JC and Alberts, SC and Silk, JB and Altmann,
J},
Title = {True paternal care in a multi-male primate
society.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {425},
Number = {6954},
Pages = {179-181},
Year = {2003},
Month = {September},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12968180},
Abstract = {Although male parental care is rare among mammals, adult
males of many cercopithecine primate species provide care
for infants and juveniles. This care is often in the form of
grooming, carrying, support in agonistic interactions, and
protection against infanticide. For these behaviours to be
interpreted as true parental care, males must selectively
direct care towards their own offspring and this care must
result in fitness benefits. With the exception of males
defending probable offspring from infanticide, male primates
living in multi-male, multi-female social groups have not
been shown to selectively direct care towards their own
offspring. We determined paternity for 75 juveniles in a
population of wild savannah baboons (Papio cynocephalus) and
collected data on interventions in agonistic disputes by
adult males on behalf of juveniles as a form of male care.
Here we show that adult males differentiate their offspring
from unrelated juveniles and selectively support their
offspring in agonistic disputes. As support in agonistic
disputes is likely to contribute to rank acquisition and
protect juveniles from injury and stress, this can be
considered true parental care.},
Doi = {10.1038/nature01866},
Key = {fds227850}
}
@article{fds227882,
Author = {Archie, EA and Moss, CJ and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Characterization of tetranucleotide microsatellite loci in
the African Savannah Elephant (Loxodonta africana
africana)},
Journal = {Molecular Ecology Notes},
Volume = {3},
Number = {2},
Pages = {244-246},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2003},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00412.x},
Abstract = {Most African elephant (Loxodonta africana africana)
populations are isolated and thus threatened by a loss of
genetic diversity. As a consequence, genetic analysis of
African elephant populations will play an increasing role in
their conservation, and microsatellite loci will be an
important tool in these analyses. Previously published sets
of polymorphic microsatellites developed for African
elephants are all dinucleotide repeats, which are prone to
typing error. Here, we characterize 11 tetranucleotide
microsatellite loci in the African elephant. All loci were
polymorphic in 32 faecal samples and two tissue samples from
33 individual African savannah elephants.},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00412.x},
Key = {fds227882}
}
@article{fds227854,
Author = {Altmann, J and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Variability in reproductive success viewed from a
life-history perspective in baboons.},
Journal = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of
the Human Biology Council},
Volume = {15},
Number = {3},
Pages = {401-409},
Year = {2003},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.10157},
Abstract = {Nonhuman primates, like humans, mature slowly and have low
fertility during a relatively long life. As data have
accumulated on life-history patterns of nonhuman primates,
comparative studies have yielded important insights into the
evolution of this slow life-history style of primates.
However, in order to understand selection pressures and
evolutionary potential within species, it is important to
complement comparative studies with detailed studies of
life-history variability within species and to identify
sources of this variability. Here we present a summary of
how foraging environment, social status, and group size (a
measure of population density) contribute to
within-population variance in reproductive success for
savannah baboons. We also discuss the extent to which
savannah baboons, with their highly flexible and adaptable
behavior, change their foraging environments by shifting
home ranges and seeking rich food sources and how
low-ranking females, which disproportionately bear the costs
of social life, may mitigate those costs.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajhb.10157},
Key = {fds227854}
}
@article{fds227853,
Author = {Hahn, NE and Proulx, D and Muruthi, PM and Alberts, S and Altmann,
J},
Title = {Gastrointestinal parasites in free-ranging Kenyan baboons
(Papio cynocephalus and P. anubis)},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {24},
Number = {2},
Pages = {271-279},
Year = {2003},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023092915171},
Abstract = {We screened fecal samples from 3 groups of wild-living
baboons (Papio cynocephalus and P. anubis), involved in
longitudinal behavioral studies, for evidence of
gastrointestinal parasites. The two objectives of the study
were: 1) to compare parasites from two of the groups with
different foraging behavior from the same area and 2) to
obtain fecal parasitic data on 3 groups of baboons to
provide baseline reference data. We sampled individual
baboons opportunistically from Lodge and Hook's groups,
Amboseli National Park and from Mpala Group, Mpala Wildlife
Research Centre, Kenya, Lodge Group baboons supplemented
foraging on wild foods by daily foraging in human-source
refuse, whereas Hook's and Mpala groups did not. We
collected fecal samples from 55, 30 and 42 individuals in
Hook's, Lodge and Mpala groups, respectively, and processed
them via ether sedimentation. We identified strongylids,
Streptopharagus sp., Physaloptera sp., Trichuris sp.,
Enterobius sp., and Strongyloides sp., in the feces, but no
parasite directly attributable to exposure to people.
Garbage- and wild-feeding Amboseli baboons differed in the
prevalence of Streptopharagus sp., Physaloptera sp. and
Trichuris sp.},
Doi = {10.1023/A:1023092915171},
Key = {fds227853}
}
@article{fds304242,
Author = {Alberts, SC and Watts, HE and Altmann, J},
Title = {Queuing and queue-jumping: Long-term patterns of
reproductive skew in male savannah baboons, Papio
cynocephalus},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {65},
Number = {4},
Pages = {821-840},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2003},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2003.2106},
Abstract = {In many animals, variance in male mating success is strongly
correlated with male dominance rank or some other measure of
fighting ability. Studies in primates, however, have varied
greatly in whether they detect a relationship between male
dominance rank and mating success. This variability has led
to debate about the nature of the relation between rank and
mating success in male primates. We contribute to the
resolution of this debate by presenting an analysis of the
relationship between dominance rank and male mating success
over 32 group-years in a population of wild savannah
baboons. When data were pooled over the entire period,
higher-ranking males had greater access to fertile females.
However, when we examined successive 6-month blocks, we
found variance in the extent to which rank predicted mating
success. In some periods, the dominance hierarchy functioned
as a queue in which males waited for mating opportunities,
so that rank predicted mating success. In other periods, the
queuing system broke down, and rank failed to predict mating
success when many adult males were in the group, when males
in the group differed greatly in age, and when the
highest-ranking male maintained his rank for only short
periods. The variance within this single population is
similar to the variance observed between populations of
baboons and between species of primates. Our long-term
results provide strong support for the proposition that this
variance is not an artefact of methodological differences
between short-term studies, but is due to true variance in
the extent to which high-ranking males are able to
monopolize access to females. © 2003 Published by Elsevier
Science Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of
Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1006/anbe.2003.2106},
Key = {fds304242}
}
@article{fds227851,
Author = {Smith, K and Alberts, SC and Altmann, J},
Title = {Wild female baboons bias their social behaviour towards
paternal half-sisters.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {270},
Number = {1514},
Pages = {503-510},
Year = {2003},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0962-8452},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2277},
Abstract = {Adult female cercopithecines have long been known to bias
their social behaviour towards close maternal kin. However,
much less is understood about the behaviour of paternal kin,
especially in wild populations. Here, we show that wild
adult female baboons bias their affiliative behaviour
towards their adult paternal half-sisters in the same manner
and to the same extent that they bias their behaviour
towards adult maternal half-sisters. Females appear to rely
heavily on social familiarity as a means of biasing their
behaviour towards paternal half-sisters, but may use
phenotype matching as well.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2002.2277},
Key = {fds227851}
}
@article{fds7899,
Author = {Alberts SC and Altmann J},
Title = {Matrix models for primate life history analysis},
Booktitle = {Primate Life Histories and Socioecology},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Editor = {P. Kappeler and M.E. Pereira},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds7899}
}
@article{fds7901,
Author = {Altmann J and Alberts SC},
Title = {Intraspecific variability in fertility and offspring
survival in a non-human primate: behavioral control of
ecological and social sources},
Booktitle = {Offspring: Human Fertility Behavior in Biodemographic
Perspective},
Editor = {K. Wachter and R.A. Bulatao},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds7901}
}
@article{fds227852,
Author = {Alberts, SC and Watts, HE and Altmann, J},
Title = {Queuing and queue jumping: long term patterns of
reproductive skew among male savannah baboons},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {65},
Number = {4},
Pages = {821-840},
Year = {2003},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2003.2106},
Abstract = {In many animals, variance in male mating success is strongly
correlated with male dominance rank or some other measure of
fighting ability. Studies in primates, however, have varied
greatly in whether they detect a relationship between male
dominance rank and mating success. This variability has led
to debate about the nature of the relation between rank and
mating success in male primates. We contribute to the
resolution of this debate by presenting an analysis of the
relationship between dominance rank and male mating success
over 32 group-years in a population of wild savannah
baboons. When data were pooled over the entire period,
higher-ranking males had greater access to fertile females.
However, when we examined successive 6-month blocks, we
found variance in the extent to which rank predicted mating
success. In some periods, the dominance hierarchy functioned
as a queue in which males waited for mating opportunities,
so that rank predicted mating success. In other periods, the
queuing system broke down, and rank failed to predict mating
success when many adult males were in the group, when males
in the group differed greatly in age, and when the
highest-ranking male maintained his rank for only short
periods. The variance within this single population is
similar to the variance observed between populations of
baboons and between species of primates. Our long-term
results provide strong support for the proposition that this
variance is not an artefact of methodological differences
between short-term studies, but is due to true variance in
the extent to which high-ranking males are able to
monopolize access to females. © 2003 Published by Elsevier
Science Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of
Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1006/anbe.2003.2106},
Key = {fds227852}
}
@article{fds227864,
Author = {Storz, JF and Beaumont, MA and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Genetic evidence for long-term population decline in a
savannah-dwelling primate: inferences from a hierarchical
bayesian model.},
Journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
Volume = {19},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1981-1990},
Year = {2002},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004022},
Abstract = {The purpose of this study was to test for evidence that
savannah baboons (Papio cynocephalus) underwent a population
expansion in concert with a hypothesized expansion of
African human and chimpanzee populations during the late
Pleistocene. The rationale is that any type of environmental
event sufficient to cause simultaneous population expansions
in African humans and chimpanzees would also be expected to
affect other codistributed mammals. To test for genetic
evidence of population expansion or contraction, we
performed a coalescent analysis of multilocus microsatellite
data using a hierarchical Bayesian model. Markov chain Monte
Carlo (MCMC) simulations were used to estimate the posterior
probability density of demographic and genealogical
parameters. The model was designed to allow interlocus
variation in mutational and demographic parameters, which
made it possible to detect aberrant patterns of variation at
individual loci that could result from heterogeneity in
mutational dynamics or from the effects of selection at
linked sites. Results of the MCMC simulations were
consistent with zero variance in demographic parameters
among loci, but there was evidence for a 10- to 20-fold
difference in mutation rate between the most slowly and most
rapidly evolving loci. Results of the model provided strong
evidence that savannah baboons have undergone a long-term
historical decline in population size. The mode of the
highest posterior density for the joint distribution of
current and ancestral population size indicated a roughly
eightfold contraction over the past 1,000 to 250,000 years.
These results indicate that savannah baboons apparently did
not share a common demographic history with other
codistributed primate species.},
Doi = {10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004022},
Key = {fds227864}
}
@article{fds304241,
Author = {Zinner, D and Alberts, SC and Nunn, CL and Altmann,
J},
Title = {Evolutionary biology: significance of primate sexual
swellings.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {420},
Number = {6912},
Pages = {142-143},
Year = {2002},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/420142a},
Doi = {10.1038/420142a},
Key = {fds304241}
}
@article{fds227866,
Author = {Altmann, J and Alberts, SC and Altmann, SA and Roy,
SB},
Title = {Dramatic change in local climate patterns in the Amboseli
basin, Kenya},
Journal = {African Journal of Ecology},
Volume = {40},
Number = {3},
Pages = {248-251},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2002},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0141-6707},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2028.2002.00366.x},
Abstract = {The Amboseli basin, a semi-arid, open savannah area of
southern Kenya, has experienced extensive changes in habitat
since the early 1960's. The present report documents
patterns of air temperature and rainfall in Amboseli for the
25-year period beginning 1976. Daily temperatures increased
dramatically throughout this time period, at a rate almost
an order of magnitude greater than that attributed to global
warming. Mean daily maximum temperature increased more than
did daily minimum (0.275 vs. 0.071°C per annum). Although
increases in mean daily maxima were documented for all
months of the year, they were greatest during the hottest
months, February and March. Annual rainfall varied more than
four-fold (x = 346.5 mm, SD = 120.0, range 132.0-553.4 mm),
yet did not exhibit any directional or other regular pattern
of variability among years over this same 25-year period.
Empirical as well as theoretical investigation of relations
between such changes in climatic conditions and habitat
characteristics are needed at local and regional as well as
global scales.},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1365-2028.2002.00366.x},
Key = {fds227866}
}
@article{fds227772,
Author = {Storz, JF and Ramakrishnan, U and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Erratum: Determinants of effective population size for loci
with different modes of inheritance (The Journal of Heredity
(November-December 2001) 92:6)},
Journal = {Journal of Heredity},
Volume = {93},
Number = {2},
Pages = {155},
Year = {2002},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds227772}
}
@article{fds227863,
Author = {Bronikowski, AM and Alberts, SC and Altmann, J and Packer, C and Carey,
KD and Tatar, M},
Title = {The aging baboon: comparative demography in a non-human
primate.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {99},
Number = {14},
Pages = {9591-9595},
Year = {2002},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.142675599},
Abstract = {Why do closely related primate genera vary in longevity, and
what does this teach us about human aging? Life tables of
female baboons (Papio hamadryas) in two wild populations of
East Africa and in a large captive population in San
Antonio, Texas, provide striking similarities and contrasts
to human mortality patterns. For captive baboons at the
Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, we estimate
the doubling time of adult mortality rate as 4.8 years. Wild
females in free-living populations in Tanzania and in Kenya
showed doubling times of 3.5 and 3.8 years, respectively.
Although these values are considerably faster than the
estimates of 7-8 years for humans, these primates share a
demographic feature of human aging: within each taxon
populations primarily vary in the level of Gompertz
mortality intercept (frailty) and vary little in the
demographic rate of aging. Environmental and genetic factors
within taxa appear to affect the level of frailty underlying
senescence. In contrast, primate taxa are differentiated by
rates of demographic aging, even if they cannot be
characterized by species-specific lifespan.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.142675599},
Key = {fds227863}
}
@article{fds227773,
Author = {Storz, JF and Ramakrishnan, U and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Erratum: Determinants of effective population size for loci
with different modes of inheritance (Journal of Heredity
(November/December 2001) 92:6)},
Journal = {Journal of Heredity},
Volume = {93},
Number = {3},
Pages = {230},
Year = {2002},
Month = {May},
Key = {fds227773}
}
@article{fds227877,
Author = {Storz, JF and Ramakrishnan, U and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Genetic effective size of a wild primate population:
influence of current and historical demography.},
Journal = {Evolution; international journal of organic
evolution},
Volume = {56},
Number = {4},
Pages = {817-829},
Year = {2002},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0014-3820},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb01392.x},
Abstract = {A comprehensive assessment of the determinants of effective
population size (N(e)) requires estimates of variance in
lifetime reproductive success and past changes in census
numbers. For natural populations, such information can be
best obtained by combining longitudinal data on individual
life histories and genetic marker-based inferences of
demographic history. Independent estimates of the variance
effective size (N(ev), obtained from life-history data) and
the inbreeding effective size (N((eI), obtained from genetic
data) provide a means of disentangling the effects of
current and historical demography. The purpose of this study
was to assess the demographic determinants of N(e) in one of
the most intensively studied natural populations of a
vertebrate species: the population of savannah baboons
(Papio cynocephalus) in the Amboseli Basin, southern Kenya.
We tested the hypotheses that N(eV) < N < N(eI) (where N =
population census number) due to a recent demographic
bottleneck. N(eV) was estimated using a stochastic
demographic model based on detailed life-history data
spanning a 28-year period. Using empirical estimates of
age-specific rates of survival and fertility for both sexes,
individual-based simulations were used to estimate the
variance in lifetime reproductive success. The resultant
values translated into an N(eV)/N estimate of 0.329 (SD =
0.116, 95% CI = 0.172-0.537). Historical N(eI), was
estimated from 14-locus microsatellite genotypes using a
coalescent-based simulation model. Estimates of N(eI) were
2.2 to 7.2 times higher than the contemporary census number
of the Amboseli baboon population. In addition to the
effects of immigration, the disparity between historical
N(eI) and contemporary N is likely attributable to the time
lag between the recent drop in census numbers and the rate
of increase in the average probability of allelic
identity-by-descent. Thus, observed levels of genetic
diversity may primarily reflect the population's
prebottleneck history rather than its current
demography.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb01392.x},
Key = {fds227877}
}
@article{fds304240,
Author = {Semple, S and McComb, K and Alberts, S and Altmann,
J},
Title = {Information content of female copulation calls in yellow
baboons.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {56},
Number = {1},
Pages = {43-56},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.1062},
Abstract = {In a wide variety of animal species, females produce
vocalizations just before, during, or immediately after
copulation. Observational and experimental evidence
indicates that these copulation calls are sexually selected
traits, functioning to promote competition between males for
access to the calling female. In this paper, we present an
acoustic analysis of variation in the form of copulation
calls of female yellow baboons, Papio cynocephalus
cynocephalus. In particular, we examine whether information
about three factors-the calling female's reproductive state,
the occurrence or absence of ejaculation, and the dominance
rank of the mating male-is encoded in call structure and
hence is potentially available to male receivers attending
to the signal. Although several features of copulation calls
were correlated with each of these factors, when all three
were included in multiple regressions only reproductive
state and rank of the mating male had independent effects on
call form. These findings indicate that female copulation
calls in this species signal information about the proximity
to ovulation of the calling female and also the relative
competitive strength of her mating partner.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.1062},
Key = {fds304240}
}
@article{fds227878,
Author = {Semple, S and McComb, K and Alberts, SC and Altmann,
J},
Title = {Sources of variation in the copulation calls of female
yellow baboons},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {56},
Number = {1},
Pages = {43-56},
Year = {2002},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.1062},
Abstract = {In a wide variety of animal species, females produce
vocalizations just before, during, or immediately after
copulation. Observational and experimental evidence
indicates that these copulation calls are sexually selected
traits, functioning to promote competition between males for
access to the calling female. In this paper, we present an
acoustic analysis of variation in the form of copulation
calls of female yellow baboons, Papio cynocephalus
cynocephalus. In particular, we examine whether information
about three factors - The calling female's reproductive
state, the occurrence or absence of ejaculation, and the
dominance rank of the mating male - Is encoded in call
structure and hence is potentially available to male
receivers attending to the signal. Although several features
of copulation calls were correlated with each of these
factors, when all three were included in multiple
regressions only reproductive state and rank of the mating
male had independent effects on call form. These findings
indicate that female copulation calls in this species signal
information about the proximity to ovulation of the calling
female and also the relative competitive strength of her
mating partner. Am. J. Primatol. 56:43-56, 2002. © 2002
Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.1062},
Key = {fds227878}
}
@article{fds227881,
Author = {Zinner, D and Albert, SC and Nunn, CL and Altmann,
J},
Title = {Significance of primate sexual swellings},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {420},
Number = {6912},
Pages = {142-143},
Year = {2002},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/420142a},
Doi = {10.1038/420142a},
Key = {fds227881}
}
@article{fds227865,
Author = {Storz, JF and Ramakrishnan, U and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Determinants of effective population size for loci with
different modes of inheritance.},
Journal = {The Journal of heredity},
Volume = {92},
Number = {6},
Pages = {497-502},
Year = {2001},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0022-1503},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/92.6.497},
Abstract = {Here we report an assessment of the determinants of
effective population size (N(e)) in species with overlapping
generations. Specifically, we used a stochastic demographic
model to investigate the influence of different life-history
variables on N(e)/N (where N = population census number) and
the influence of sex differences in life-history variables
on N(e) for loci with different modes of inheritance. We
applied an individual-based modeling approach to two
datasets: one from a natural population of savannah baboons
(Papio cynocephalus) in the Amboseli basin of southern Kenya
and one from a human tribal population (the Gainj of Papua
New Guinea). Simulation-based estimates of N(e)/N averaged
0.329 for the Amboseli baboon population (SD = 0.116, 95% CI
= 0.172 - 0.537) and 0.786 for the Gainj (SD = 0.184, 95% CI
= 0.498 - 1.115). Although variance in male fitness had a
substantial impact on N(e)/N in each of the two primate
populations, ratios of N(e) values for autosomal and
sex-linked loci exhibited no significant departures from
Poisson-expected values. In each case, similarities in
sex-specific N(e) values were attributable to the
unexpectedly high variance in female fitness. Variance in
male fitness resulted primarily from age-dependent variance
in reproductive success, whereas variance in female fitness
resulted primarily from stochastic variance in survival
during the reproductive phase.},
Doi = {10.1093/jhered/92.6.497},
Key = {fds227865}
}
@article{fds227855,
Author = {Alberts, SC and Altmann, J},
Title = {Immigration and hybridization patterns of yellow and anubis
baboons in and around Amboseli, Kenya.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {53},
Number = {4},
Pages = {139-154},
Year = {2001},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11283975},
Abstract = {In 1986, Samuels and Altmann reported evidence for a hybrid
zone between Papio anubis and Papio cynocephalus in
Amboseli, Kenya, in a baboon population that has been the
subject of long-term study since 1971 [Samuels & Altmann,
International Journal of Primatology 7:131-138, 1986]. In
the current report we document ongoing patterns of
hybridization in Amboseli between anubis and yellow baboons.
In July 2000, we exhaustively scored living members of study
groups for their degree of hybridity, using seven phenotypic
characteristics (five in juveniles). We also scored all
former members of study groups on the basis of photographic
records, field notes, and observer recollections. A total of
five anubis males and 11 males with hybrid phenotypes have
immigrated into study groups over the course of the
long-term study, and immigrations by hybrid males have
increased in frequency over time. Further, the increasing
frequency of hybrid phenotypes among animals born into study
groups indicates that anubis and hybrid males have
successfully reproduced in study groups. However, hybrid
phenotypes and anubis immigrations were limited to groups in
the southwestern portion of the Amboseli basin, with no
hybrids occurring in the six eastern groups. Finally, we
present evidence that anubis and hybrid males in Amboseli
exhibit patterns of natal dispersal that are different from
those of yellow males in Amboseli: males with anubis or
hybrid phenotypes were significantly more likely to
immigrate as juveniles or young subadults than were yellow
males.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.1},
Key = {fds227855}
}
@article{fds7909,
Author = {Alberts SC and Altmann J},
Title = {Immigration and hybridization patterns of yellow and anubis
baboons in Amboseli, Kenya},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {53},
Pages = {139-154},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds7909}
}
@article{fds227849,
Author = {Storz, JF and Ramakrishnan, U and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Determinants of effective population size for loci with
different modes of inheritance},
Journal = {Journal of Heredity},
Volume = {92},
Pages = {197-502},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds227849}
}
@article{fds227879,
Author = {Smith, KL and Alberts, SC and Bayes, MK and Bruford, MW and Altmann, J and Ober, C},
Title = {Cross-species amplification, non-invasive genotyping, and
non-Mendelian inheritance of human STRPs in Savannah
baboons.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {51},
Number = {4},
Pages = {219-227},
Year = {2000},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1098-2345(200008)51:4<219::aid-ajp1>3.0.co;2-g},
Abstract = {Twenty-nine human microsatellite primer pairs were screened
for their utility in the cross-species amplification of
baboon DNA derived from both blood and feces as part of a
larger study to identify paternal half sisters in a
population of wild baboons (Papio cynocephalus). Forty-one
percent (12/29) of the human primers successfully amplified
baboon DNA. Of these 12 primers, six amplified fragments
that were both polymorphic and heterozygous (mean number of
alleles = 6, mean heterozygosity = 87%) and yielded
repeatable results. However, only five of these six simple
tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRPs) showed patterns of
Mendelian inheritance (i.e., mothers and offspring shared at
least one allele at each locus), and were therefore useful
for determining relatedness between individuals. Analysis of
the sixth primer revealed non-Mendelian inheritance, i.e.,
three of the six known mother-daughter pairs had no shared
alleles. This failure was probably due to non-specific
fragment amplification, and may have resulted from a
different STRP locus being amplified in mother and daughter.
This finding highlights the importance of sampling DNA from
known parent-offspring pairs when screening microsatellite
primers for genetic studies. Multiple, independent
replications of genotypes and Mendelian checks are both
particularly important when using cross-species
amplification or when using a low-quality source of
DNA.},
Doi = {10.1002/1098-2345(200008)51:4<219::aid-ajp1>3.0.co;2-g},
Key = {fds227879}
}
@article{fds304239,
Author = {Bayes, MK and Smith, KL and Alberts, SC and Altmann, J and Bruford,
MW},
Title = {Testing the reliability of microsatellite typing from faecal
DNA in the savannah baboon},
Journal = {Conservation Genetics},
Volume = {1},
Number = {2},
Pages = {173-176},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026595324974},
Doi = {10.1023/A:1026595324974},
Key = {fds304239}
}
@article{fds227880,
Author = {Bayes, MK and Smith, KL and Alberts, SC and Cheesman, DJ and Altmann, J and Bruford, MW},
Title = {Fecal DNA genotyping in the savannah baboons: history,
problems and data},
Journal = {Conservation Genetics},
Volume = {1},
Number = {2},
Pages = {173-176},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds227880}
}
@article{fds227875,
Author = {Alberts, SC},
Title = {Thirteen Mhc-DQA1 alleles from two populations of
baboons.},
Journal = {Immunogenetics},
Volume = {49},
Number = {9},
Pages = {825-827},
Year = {1999},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0093-7711},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10398813},
Doi = {10.1007/s002510050560},
Key = {fds227875}
}
@article{fds227876,
Author = {Alberts, SC},
Title = {Paternal kin discrimination in wild baboons.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {266},
Number = {1427},
Pages = {1501-1506},
Year = {1999},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0962-8452},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10457619},
Abstract = {Mammals commonly avoid mating with maternal kin, probably as
a result of selection for inbreeding avoidance. Mating with
paternal kin should be selected against for the same reason.
However, identifying paternal kin may be more difficult than
identifying maternal kin in species where the mother mates
with more than one male. Selection should nonetheless favour
a mechanism of paternal kin recognition that allows the same
level of discrimination among paternal as among maternal
kin, but the hypothesis that paternal kin avoid each other
as mates is largely untested in large mammals such as
primates. Here I report that among wild baboons, Papio
cynocephalus, paternal siblings exhibited lower levels of
affiliative and sexual behaviour during sexual consortships
than non-kin, although paternal siblings were not
significantly less likely to consort than non-kin. I also
examined age proximity as a possible social cue of paternal
relatedness, because age cohorts are likely to be paternal
sibships. Pairs born within two years of each other were
less likely to engage in sexual consortships than pairs born
at greater intervals, and were less affiliative and sexual
when they did consort. Age proximity may thus be an
important social cue for paternal relatedness, and phenotype
matching based on shared paternal traits may play a role as
well.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.1999.0807},
Key = {fds227876}
}
@article{fds227874,
Author = {Sapolsky, RM and Alberts, SC and Altmann, J},
Title = {Hypercortisolism associated with social subordinance or
social isolation among wild baboons.},
Journal = {Archives of general psychiatry},
Volume = {54},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1137-1143},
Year = {1997},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0003-990X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830240097014},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>The phenomena of basal hypercortisolism
and of dexamethasone resistance have long intrigued
biological psychiatrists, and much is still unknown as to
the causes and consequences of such adrenocortical
hyperactivity in various neuropsychiatric disorders. We have
analyzed basal cortisol concentrations and adrenocortical
responsiveness to dexamethasone in a population of wild
baboons living in a national park in Kenya. We tested
whether social subordinance in a primate is associated with
dexamethasone resistance. Furthermore, we examined whether
individual differences in adrenocortical measurements were
predicted by the extent of social affiliation in these
animals.<h4>Methods</h4>Seventy yellow baboons (Papio
cynocephalus) were anesthetized and injected with 5 mg of
dexamethasone; the cortisol response was monitored for 6
hours. The animals were of both sexes in a range of ages and
had known ranks in the dominance hierarchies within their
troops. Extensive behavioral data were available for a
subset of 12 adult males who were anesthetized under
circumstances that also allowed for the determination of
basal cortisol concentrations.<h4>Results</h4>The socially
subordinate baboons were less responsive to dexamethasone
than were the dominant ones; as one manifestation of this,
postdexamethasone cortisol values were more than 3 times
higher in the dozen lowest-ranking animals compared with the
dozen highest. In addition, socially isolated males had
elevated basal cortisol concentrations and showed a trend
toward relative dexamethasone resistance.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our
findings indicate that social status and degree of social
affilitation can influence adrenocortical profiles;
specifically, social subordinance or social isolation were
associated in our study with hypercortisolism or feedback
resistance.},
Doi = {10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830240097014},
Key = {fds227874}
}
@article{fds227873,
Author = {Altmann, J and Alberts, SC and Haines, SA and Dubach, J and Muruthi, P and Coote, T and Geffen, E and Cheesman, DJ and Mututua, RS and Saiyalel,
SN and Wayne, RK and Lacy, RC and Bruford, MW},
Title = {Behavior predicts genes structure in a wild primate
group.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {93},
Number = {12},
Pages = {5797-5801},
Year = {1996},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.12.5797},
Abstract = {The predictability of genetic structure from social
structure and differential mating success was tested in wild
baboons. Baboon populations are subdivided into cohesive
social groups that include multiple adults of both sexes. As
in many mammals, males are the dispersing sex. Social
structure and behavior successfully predicted molecular
genetic measures of relatedness and variance in reproductive
success. In the first quantitative test of the
priority-of-access model among wild primates, the
reproductive priority of dominant males was confirmed by
molecular genetic analysis. However, the resultant high
short-term variance in reproductive success did not
translate into equally high long-term variance because male
dominance status was unstable. An important consequence of
high but unstable short-term variance is that age cohorts
will tend to be paternal sibships and social groups will be
genetically substructured by age.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.93.12.5797},
Key = {fds227873}
}
@article{fds227872,
Author = {Alberts, SC and Altmann, J and Wilson, ML},
Title = {Mate guarding constrains foraging activity of male
baboons},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {51},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1269-1277},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1996},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1996.0131},
Abstract = {For many species, mate guarding results in dramatic
departures from normal behaviour that reflect compromised
attention to feeding and other activities. Such departures
have previously been difficult to document in primates,
however. Data were gathered on two aspects of male behaviour
that were predicted to be constrained during consortships,
individual travel distance and duration of feeding bouts,
for wild male baboons, Papio cynocephalus, in and out of
mate-guarding episodes. In each case, consorting males were
compared with themselves outside of consortships, and, in
the case of distance travelled, they were compared also with
non- consorting males matched for sample time and location.
Males travelled significantly shorter distances while
consorting than while not consorting, with the result that
consorting males travelled distances similar to those
travelled by females. Males also had significantly shorter
feeding bouts while consorting. The shorter travel distances
and feeding bouts experienced by consorting males may
represent important constraints on male foraging activity,
and probably result in decreased energy intake during mate
guarding. Seasonal and non-seasonal breeding patterns will
have different consequences for the magnitude of
fluctuations in energy stores and depletions experienced
during mate guarding, and costs of mate guarding in species
that breed non-seasonally will be more difficult to document
because they are necessarily smaller and temporally
dispersed. When considered across the lifespan, however,
mate guarding costs to non-seasonal breeders may equal or
exceed costs to seasonal breeders.},
Doi = {10.1006/anbe.1996.0131},
Key = {fds227872}
}
@article{fds227871,
Author = {Alberts, SC and Altmann, J},
Title = {Preparation and activation: determinants of age at
reproductive maturity in male baboons},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Volume = {36},
Number = {6},
Pages = {397-406},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1995},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0340-5443},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00177335},
Abstract = {Age at maturity is a particularly important life history
trait, but maturational data are rare for males in natural
populations of mammals. Here we provide information on three
maturational milestones and their social and demographic
correlates among 43 wild male baboons, Papio cynocephalus,
in a natural population in Amboseli National Park, Kenya. We
examined (1) age at testicular enlargement, which signals
puberty and the onset of subadulthood, (2) age at attainment
of adult dominance rank, which we consider to be the
beginning of adulthood, and (3) age at first sexual
consortship, which is the best measure available for age at
first reproduction in male baboons. Testicular enlargement
(median age = 5.69 years) occurred earlier among sons of
high ranking mothers, and was not influenced by rainfall or
seasonality. Attainment of adult dominance rank (median age
= 7.41 years) was also accelerated among sons of
high-ranking mothers, and among males whose mothers had died
while the males were juveniles. First sexual consortship
(median age = 7.92 years) was not influenced directly by
maternal characteristics, but attainment of adult dominance
rank always preceded first consortship. The lag time between
attainment of adult rank and first consortship (median = 2.5
months; range = 5-526 days), was predicted by the number of
sexually cycling females in the group when the male attained
rank, and by how high ranking the male became in his first
months as an adult. We suggest that the age at which a male
baboon is ready to begin reproducing is influenced by a
relatively stable maternal characteristic that exerts its
influence early in development, but the timing with which
this potential is realized depends on activation by more
proximate, often stochastic triggers such as female
availability. This two-level organization of influences is
likely to contribute to the variance both in age at first
reproduction and in lifetime fitness. Differences in the
relative magnitude of the two levels will lead to both
intra- and interspecific variability in the opportunity for
maternal selection and sexual selection. © 1995
Springer-Verlag.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF00177335},
Key = {fds227871}
}
@article{fds227870,
Author = {Alberts, SC and Altmann, J},
Title = {Balancing costs and opportunities: Dispersal in male
baboons},
Journal = {American Naturalist},
Volume = {145},
Number = {2},
Pages = {279-306},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/285740},
Doi = {10.1086/285740},
Key = {fds227870}
}
@article{fds227869,
Author = {Alberts, SC},
Title = {Vigilance in young baboons: Effects of habitat, age, sex and
maternal rank on glance rate},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {47},
Number = {4},
Pages = {749-755},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1994},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1994.1107},
Abstract = {Glance rates, a measure of vigilance, were sampled in infant
and young juvenile yellow baboons, Papio cynocephalus, in
Amboseli, Kenya, to test ecological and social predictions
about the ontogeny of vigilance. Glance rates of young
baboons did not vary between closed and open habitats, but
did vary with sex, maternal rank and age. Daughters of
low-ranking mothers glanced significantly more often than
daughters of high-ranking mothers, and the converse was true
for males. Glance rates of females, but not males, decreased
significantly between 6 and 24 months of age. © 1994 The
Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1006/anbe.1994.1107},
Key = {fds227869}
}
@article{fds227862,
Author = {Alberts, SC and Ober, C},
Title = {Genetic variability in the major histocompatibility complex:
A review of non‐pathogen‐mediated selective
mechanisms},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {36},
Number = {17 S},
Pages = {71-89},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1993},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330360606},
Abstract = {The extraordinary genetic polymorphism observed in the major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the vertebrate genome
has attracted the attention of researchers for decades. In
almost all taxa that have been investigated, levels of
polymorphism are remarkably high. Several mechanisms have
been proposed to explain the maintenance of genetic
diversity at the MHC, including pathogen‐driven natural
selection, selection driven by maternal‐fetal
interactions, and negative assortative mating. In this
review we discuss the evidence for the latter two mechanisms
in human and animal populations. We begin with a description
of the structure and function of the MHC, particularly in
humans. Then, evidence for natural selection acting on MHC
genes, in the form of homozygote deficiencies observed in
human population isolates, is discussed. The two major
candidates for mechanisms of non‐pathogen‐driven
selection, maternal‐fetal interactions and MHC‐based
mate choice, are described in detail and their implications
are discussed. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Copyright © 1993
Wiley‐Liss, Inc., A Wiley Company},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330360606},
Key = {fds227862}
}
@article{fds227861,
Author = {Alberts, SC and Sapolsky, RM and Altmann, J},
Title = {Behavioral, endocrine, and immunological correlates of
immigration by an aggressive male into a natural primate
group.},
Journal = {Hormones and behavior},
Volume = {26},
Number = {2},
Pages = {167-178},
Year = {1992},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0018-506X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0018-506x(92)90040-3},
Abstract = {A very aggressive young adult male entered one of three
long-term study groups of yellow baboons. Papio
cynocephalus, approximately 3 weeks after an immobilization
project began. The immigrant male's rate of agonistic
encounters was appreciably higher than average, and these
interactions disproportionately involved adult females as
targets. Basal cortisol concentrations were higher and total
lymphocyte counts lower for individuals immobilized during
the immigration situation than for other individuals; these
effects were greater for females than for males. Among
animals whose endocrine data were obtained during the
immigration period, some were specific targets of the
immigrant male's aggression and others were not. Lymphocyte
counts were significantly lower for those individuals who
were victims of the male's aggression than for noninvolved
individuals; a nonsignificant tendency toward higher basal
cortisol concentrations for victims was observed as well.
The immigrant male himself had a high basal cortisol
concentration, a low lymphocyte count, and a testosterone
concentration that was triple the average for adult males
and almost double the second highest value in the
population.},
Doi = {10.1016/0018-506x(92)90040-3},
Key = {fds227861}
}
@article{fds227860,
Author = {Altmann, J and Alberts, SC and Sapolsky, RM},
Title = {Endocrine and developmental correlates of unilateral
cryptorchidism in a wild baboons},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {26},
Number = {4},
Pages = {309-314},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1992},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.1350260407},
Abstract = {A wild, group‐living 8.5‐year‐old adult baboon was
found to have only a single palpable testicle, the only case
of cryptorchidism found among more than 200 males that we
have examined. This young adult had an unusually small body
size for his age, one that was comparable to that of
immature males two years younger, and during maturation his
body mass was increasingly small for his age. As a young
adult, he also had very low testosterone concentrations,
which, in combination with his small size, history of
impaired growth, and the absence of any obvious scars around
the scrotum, suggest that this is a case of spontaneous
unilateral cryptorchidism of unknown cause rather than one
of monorchidism arising from injury. Despite striking
differences in his growth, adult body size, and testosterone
levels, the male's cryptorchidism seemed to have relatively
little effect on his social and sexual maturation in his
natal group. Nonetheless, it may be related to his inability
to gain entry into another group after dispersal. Copyright
© 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc., A Wiley Company},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.1350260407},
Key = {fds227860}
}
@article{fds227868,
Author = {Altmann, J and Alberts, S},
Title = {Body mass and growth rates in a wild primate
population},
Journal = {Oecologia},
Volume = {72},
Number = {1},
Pages = {15-20},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1987},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0029-8549},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00385038},
Abstract = {We obtined data on body mass and growth rates for the
immature members of two groups of wild baboons in Amboseli
National Park, Kenya. Data were collected without feeding,
trapping, or handling. The data were separated into
cross-sectional and longitudinal components, allowing both
the examination of body mass-age relationships and the
calculation of growth rates for individuals. For animals
less than three years old, body mass was wellperedicted from
age by a linear model. Differences based on social group
membership were small but consistent, and their origins are
discussed. We detected no differences in body mass based on
sex or on maternal dominance rank. For older juveniles,
those three to seven years of age, a better fit was obtained
from log of mass than by mass in a linear model. This was
also true for the cross-sectional data set over the whole
age range (zero to seven years). For older juveniles,
samples were too small for quantitative analysis of
differences based on sex, rank, or group membership, but
trends in the data are indicated. Growth rates derived from
repeat measures of body mass for 38 animals are presented
and discussed. The growth rate values obtained in this study
are consistent with data from cross-sectional studies of
other wild baboon populations; these values for wild baboons
are consistently one-half to one-third lower than growth
rate values for well-provisioned captive baboons and
equivalent to captive baboons fed a low-protein diet.
Comparisons between primates and other mammals in the
primate size range raise questions concerning ecological and
behavioral constraints on primate growth rates; some
possible mechanisms of constraint are suggested. © 1987
Springer-Verlag.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF00385038},
Key = {fds227868}
}
@article{fds227859,
Author = {Alberts, SC},
Title = {Parental care in captive siamangs (Hylobates
syndactylus)},
Journal = {Zoo Biology},
Volume = {6},
Number = {4},
Pages = {401-406},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1987},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430060414},
Abstract = {Siamangs exhibit paternal care to the extent that the male
of a monogamous unit carries its infant offspring beginning
late in the infant's first year of life. Field studies have
documented this but without behavioral detail. It has been
hypothesized that the transfer is facilitated by a desertion
of the infant by the female. An infant siamang born in
captivity at the Washington Park Zoo, Portland, Oregon, was
observed through its first year of life. The infant transfer
to the male was documented in captivity and was associated
with a high rate of infant‐initiated contact with the male
and a high rate of infant retrieval by the female. The study
concludes that the infant probably played a key role in
facilitating the transfer to the male. Copyright © 1987
Wiley‐Liss, Inc., A Wiley Company},
Doi = {10.1002/zoo.1430060414},
Key = {fds227859}
}
%% Allen, Kari L.
@article{fds210173,
Author = {R.F. Kay and J.M. Perry and M.G. Malinzak and K.L. Allen and E.C. Kirk and J.M. Plavcan},
Title = {The Paleobiology of Santacrucian Primates},
Booktitle = {Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds210173}
}
@article{fds194821,
Author = {K.L. Allen and R.F. Kay},
Title = {Dietary Quality and Encephalization in Platyrrhine
Primates},
Journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Biological Society},
Volume = {279},
Number = {1729},
Pages = {179-221},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2011/08/03/rspb.2011.1311.short},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2011.1311},
Key = {fds194821}
}
@article{fds194822,
Author = {J. Gongora and R. Cuddahee and F.F.D. Nascimento and C.J. Palgrave and S. Lowden and S.T.Q. Ho and D. Simond and C.S. Damayanti and D.J. White and W.T.Tay, E. Randi and H. Klingel and C.J. Rodrigues-Zarate and K.L.
Allen, C. Moran and G. Larson},
Title = {Rethinking the evolution of extant sub-Saharan African suids
(Suidae, Artiodactyla)},
Journal = {Zoologica Scripta},
Volume = {40},
Number = {4},
Pages = {327-335},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2011.00480.x},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1463-6409.2011.00480.x},
Key = {fds194822}
}
%% Anaya, Alisha
@article{fds362409,
Author = {Anaya, A and Patel, BA and Orr, CM and Ward, CV and Almécija,
S},
Title = {Evolutionary trends of the lateral foot in catarrhine
primates: Contextualizing the fourth metatarsal of
Australopithecus afarensis},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {161},
Pages = {103078-103078},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2021},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103078},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103078},
Key = {fds362409}
}
@article{fds362410,
Author = {Hammond, AS and Rook, L and Anaya, AD and Cioppi, E and Costeur, L and Moyà-Solà, S and Almécija, S},
Title = {Insights into the lower torso in late Miocene hominoid
Oreopithecus bambolii},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
Volume = {117},
Number = {1},
Pages = {278-284},
Publisher = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
Year = {2020},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1911896116},
Abstract = {<jats:p> <jats:italic>Oreopithecus bambolii</jats:italic>
(8.3–6.7 million years old) is the latest known hominoid
from Europe, dating to approximately the divergence time of
the <jats:italic>Pan</jats:italic> -hominin lineages.
Despite being the most complete nonhominin hominoid in the
fossil record, the <jats:italic>O. bambolii</jats:italic>
skeleton IGF 11778 has been, for decades, at the center of
intense debate regarding the species’ locomotor behavior,
phylogenetic position, insular paleoenvironment, and utility
as a model for early hominin anatomy. Here we investigate
features of the IGF 11778 pelvis and lumbar region based on
torso preparations and supplemented by other <jats:italic>O.
bambolii</jats:italic> material. We correct several crucial
interpretations relating to the IGF 11778 anterior inferior
iliac spine and lumbar vertebrae structure and
identifications. We find that features of the early hominin
<jats:italic>Ardipithecus ramidus</jats:italic> torso that
are argued to have permitted both lordosis and pelvic
stabilization during upright walking are not present in
<jats:italic>O. bambolii</jats:italic> . However,
<jats:italic>O. bambolii</jats:italic> also lacks the
complete reorganization for torso stiffness seen in extant
great apes (i.e., living members of the Hominidae), and is
more similar to large hylobatids in certain aspects of torso
form. We discuss the major implications of the
<jats:italic>O. bambolii</jats:italic> lower torso anatomy
and how <jats:italic>O. bambolii</jats:italic> informs
scenarios of hominoid evolution. </jats:p>},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1911896116},
Key = {fds362410}
}
%% Barrett, Tyler
@article{fds367476,
Author = {Barrett, TM and Liebert, MA and Eick, GN and Ridgeway-Diaz, JG and Madimenos, FC and Blackwell, AD and Urlacher, SS and Sugiyama, LS and Snodgrass, JJ},
Title = {Age-related patterns of cytomegalovirus antibodies
accompanying Epstein-Barr virus co-infection.},
Journal = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of
the Human Biology Council},
Volume = {34},
Number = {11},
Pages = {e23713},
Year = {2022},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23713},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is
associated with age-related chronic disease, and
co-infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) may compound
disease risk. We aimed to assess the frequency of CMV
infection and its relationship with age among EBV
seropositive individuals in an Indigenous Amazonian
population.<h4>Methods</h4>We report concentrations of CMV
and EBV antibodies in dried blood spot samples collected
from 157 EBV positive Shuar participants aged 15-86 years
(60.5% female) to assess CMV infection rate. We used
logistic and linear regression models to examine
associations among CMV, EBV, and age, adjusting for sex,
geographic region, and body mass index.<h4>Results</h4>Nearly
two-thirds (63.1%) of EBV seropositive participants were
also CMV seropositive. A 1-year increase in age was
associated with 3.4% higher odds of CMV infection (OR [95%
CI]: 1.034 [1.009-1.064], p = .012), but CMV antibody
concentration was not significantly associated with age or
EBV antibody concentration among co-infected
individuals.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Herpesvirus-related
immunosenescence may be important to understanding chronic
disease risk among Shuar. Future studies should further
explore the role of co-infection in shaping age-related
changes in immune function.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajhb.23713},
Key = {fds367476}
}
@article{fds367474,
Author = {Mohottige, D and Davenport, C and Lee, H-J and Ephraim, P and DePasquale, N and Cabacungan, A and Barrett, T and McElroy, L and Pendergrast, J and Diamantidis, CJ and Boulware,
LE},
Title = {Receipt and Sharing of Information to Improve Knowledge
About Living Donor Kidney Transplant among Transplant
Candidates with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease.},
Journal = {Prog Transplant},
Volume = {32},
Number = {3},
Pages = {241-247},
Year = {2022},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15269248221107047},
Abstract = {Introduction: Knowledge about living donor kidney transplant
(LDKT) is associated with greater access. Yet, little is
known about factors associated with high living donor
transplant knowledge. Research Questions: Is receipt of LDKT
information from health professionals or sharing information
with family and friends associated with higher knowledge?
Design: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from
preemptive LDKT candidates, which assessed knowledge,
receipt of information about living donation from health
professionals, and history of having shared living donor
information with family members or friends. In multivariable
logistic regression models adjusting for participants' age,
race, and total household income, we quantified the
association of high knowledge with receipt of living
donation information from health professionals and sharing
of this information with family/friends. Results: Among 130
participants, the median (IQR) age was 59.5 (52.0-65.0)
years, 60% were female, 47.7% were Black, and 49.2% had a
high school education or less. Over half (55.4%) had high
LDKT knowledge. Nearly one third reported having received
living donor information (33.1%) or sharing the information
with family/friends (28.5%). After adjustment, those who
received (vs. did not receive information) and shared
information with family/friends had 3-fold higher odds of
high LDKT knowledge (3.05 [1.24, 8.08]). Individuals who
received LDKT information (vs. did not) from health
professionals had 4-fold higher odds of high LDKT knowledge
(adjusted OR [95% CI]: 4.01 [1.49, 12.18]. Conclusions:
Receipt of living donation information from health
professionals and sharing this information with
family/friends were associated with high LDKT
knowledge.},
Doi = {10.1177/15269248221107047},
Key = {fds367474}
}
@article{fds367475,
Author = {Barrett, TM and Davenport, CA and Ephraim, PL and Peskoe, S and Mohottige, D and DePasquale, N and McElroy, L and Boulware,
LE},
Title = {Disparities in Discussions about Kidney Replacement Therapy
in CKD Care.},
Journal = {Kidney360},
Volume = {3},
Number = {1},
Pages = {158-163},
Year = {2022},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.34067/KID.0004752021},
Abstract = {Participants who identified as female and Black reported
more thorough discussions of dialysis than
transplant.Participants with low incomes and education
reported more thorough discussions of dialysis than
transplant.},
Doi = {10.34067/KID.0004752021},
Key = {fds367475}
}
@article{fds367477,
Author = {Boulware, LE and Sudan, DL and Strigo, TS and Ephraim, PL and Davenport,
CA and Pendergast, JF and Pounds, I and Riley, JA and Falkovic, M and Alkon, A and Hill-Briggs, F and Cabacungan, AN and Barrett, TM and Mohottige, D and McElroy, L and Diamantidis, CJ and Ellis,
MJ},
Title = {Transplant social worker and donor financial assistance to
increase living donor kidney transplants among African
Americans: The TALKS Study, a randomized comparative
effectiveness trial.},
Journal = {Am J Transplant},
Volume = {21},
Number = {6},
Pages = {2175-2187},
Year = {2021},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajt.16403},
Abstract = {Lack of donors hinders living donor kidney transplantation
(LDKT) for African Americans. We studied the effectiveness
of a transplant social worker intervention (TALK SWI) alone
or paired with living donor financial assistance to activate
African Americans' potential living kidney donors. African
Americans (N = 300) on the transplant waiting list were
randomly assigned to usual care; TALK SWI; or TALK SWI plus
Living Donor Financial Assistance. We quantified differences
in live kidney donor activation (composite rate of live
donor inquiries, completed new live donor evaluations, or
live kidney donation) after 12 months. Participants' mean
age was 52 years, 56% were male, and 43% had annual
household income less than $40,000. Most previously pursued
LDKT. Participants were highly satisfied with TALK social
workers, but they rarely utilized Financial Assistance.
After 12 months, few (n = 39, 13%) participants had a new
donor activation event (35 [12%] new donor inquiries; 17
[6%] new donor evaluations; 4 [1%] LDKT). There were no
group differences in donor activation events
(subdistribution hazard ratio [95% CI]: 1.09 [0.51-2.30] for
TALK SWI and 0.92 [0.42-2.02] for TALK SWI plus Financial
Assistance compared to Usual Care, p = 91). Alternative
interventions to increase LDKT for African Americans on the
waiting list may be needed. Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02369354).},
Doi = {10.1111/ajt.16403},
Key = {fds367477}
}
@article{fds367478,
Author = {Barrett, TM and Tsui, CKM},
Title = {Emerging fungal pathogen: Candida auris.},
Journal = {Evolution, medicine, and public health},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {246-247},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoab021},
Doi = {10.1093/emph/eoab021},
Key = {fds367478}
}
@article{fds367480,
Author = {McDade, TW and Borja, JB and Lee, N and Aquino, CT and Barrett, T and Adair, LS and Kuzawa, CW},
Title = {C-reactive protein response to influenza vaccination
predicts cardiovascular disease risk in the
Philippines.},
Journal = {Biodemography and social biology},
Volume = {65},
Number = {1},
Pages = {88-96},
Year = {2020},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2019.1597623},
Abstract = {Inflammation is associated with increased risk for chronic
degenerative diseases, as well as age-related functional
declines across many systems and tissues. Current
understandings of inflammation, aging, and human health are
based on studies conducted almost exclusively in high-income
nations that rely primarily on baseline measures of chronic
inflammation. This analysis investigates the inflammatory
response to vaccination as a predictor of cardiovascular
disease (CVD) among older women in the Philippines, a
lower-middle income nation with rising rates of
overweight/obesity and relatively high burdens of infectious
disease. Concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) were
measured at baseline and 72 h following influenza
vaccination in 530 women (mean age = 55.2 years).
Ankle-brachial index (ABI) - an indicator of peripheral
arterial disease and broader CVD risk - was measured
approximately three years later. The magnitude of CRP
response to vaccination was positively associated with ABI,
indicating that a larger inflammatory response predicts
lower CVD risk. Baseline CRP was negatively associated with
CRP response to vaccination, and was not associated with ABI
independently of CRP response. These results suggest that
research across ecological settings, and with more dynamic
measures of inflammatory response and regulation, may yield
important insights into the associations among inflammation,
aging, and disease.},
Doi = {10.1080/19485565.2019.1597623},
Key = {fds367480}
}
@article{fds367479,
Author = {Barrett, TM and Green, JA and Greer, RC and Ephraim, PL and Peskoe, S and Pendergast, JF and Hauer, CL and Strigo, TS and Norfolk, E and Bucaloiu,
ID and Diamantidis, CJ and Hill-Briggs, FF and Browne, T and Jackson,
GL and Boulware, LE and PREPARE NOW study investigators},
Title = {Advanced CKD Care and Decision Making: Which Health Care
Professionals Do Patients Rely on for CKD Treatment and
Advice?},
Journal = {Kidney Med},
Volume = {2},
Number = {5},
Pages = {532-542.e1},
Year = {2020},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2020.05.008},
Abstract = {RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) care is
often fragmented across multiple health care providers. It
is unclear whether patients rely mostly on their
nephrologists or non-nephrologist providers for medical
care, including CKD treatment and advice. STUDY DESIGN:
Cross-sectional study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: Adults
receiving nephrology care at CKD clinics in Pennsylvania.
PREDICTORS: Frequency, duration, and patient-centeredness
(range, 1 [least] to 4 [most]) of participants' nephrology
care. OUTCOME: Participants' reliance on nephrologists,
primary care providers, or other specialists for medical
care, including CKD treatment and advice. ANALYTICAL
APPROACH: Multivariable logistic regression to quantify
associations between participants' reliance on their
nephrologists (vs other providers) and their demographics,
comorbid conditions, kidney function, and nephrology care.
RESULTS: Among 1,412 patients in clinics targeted for the
study, 676 (48%) participated. Among these, 453 (67%) were
eligible for this analysis. Mean age was 71 (SD, 12) years,
59% were women, 97% were white, and 65% were retired.
Participants were in nephrology care for a median of 3.8
(IQR, 2.0-6.6) years and completed a median of 4 (IQR, 3-5)
nephrology appointments in the past 2 years. Half (56%) the
participants relied primarily on their nephrologists, while
23% relied on primary care providers, 18% relied on all
providers equally, and 3% relied on other specialists.
Participants' adjusted odds of relying on their
nephrologists were higher for those in nephrology care for
longer (OR, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.02-1.15]; P = 0.02), those who
completed more nephrology visits in the previous 2 years
(OR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.05-1.29]; P = 0.005), and those who
perceived their last interaction with their nephrologists as
more patient-centered (OR, 2.63 [95% CI, 1.70-4.09];
P < 0.001). LIMITATIONS: Single health system study.
CONCLUSIONS: Many nephrology patients relied on
non-nephrologist providers for medical care. Longitudinal
patient-centered nephrology care may encourage more patients
to follow nephrologists' recommendations.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.xkme.2020.05.008},
Key = {fds367479}
}
@article{fds367481,
Author = {Kuzawa, CW and Barrett, TM and Borja, JB and Lee, NR and Aquino, CT and Adair, LS and McDade, TW},
Title = {Ankle brachial index (ABI) in a cohort of older women in the
Philippines: Prevalence of peripheral artery disease and
predictors of ABI.},
Journal = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of
the Human Biology Council},
Volume = {31},
Number = {3},
Pages = {e23237},
Year = {2019},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23237},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is rising in
low and middle-income countries, but studies of CVD
epidemiology in such settings often focus on risk factors
rather than measures of disease progression. Here we use the
ankle brachial index (ABI) to assess the prevalence of
peripheral artery disease (PAD) among older women living in
Metropolitan Cebu, Philippines, and relationships between
ABI and CVD risk factors and body composition.<h4>Methods</h4>ABI
was measured using the Doppler technique in 538 female
participants in the 2015 Cebu Longitudinal Health and
Nutrition Survey (mean age 58 years, range 47-78 years).
ABI was related to a panel of CVD risk factors measured in
2005 and 2012, and to 2012 body composition
measures.<h4>Results</h4>The prevalence of PAD (1.8%) was
among the lowest reported in any comparably-aged sample, and
only 9.9% of participants had an ABI indicating borderline
PAD risk. Smoking (P < 0.011) and use of CVD medications
(P < 0.0001) predicted lower ABI (indicating higher PAD
risk), which was also lower in relation to 2012 systolic
blood pressure (P < 0.054). ABI was unrelated to other
CVD risk factors. An apparent protective relationship
between body mass index (BMI) and ABI, noted in previous
studies, was found to be confounded by protective
relationships between ABI and fat free mass, height, and
grip strength (all P < 0.05).<h4>Conclusions</h4>The
prevalence of PAD is low in Cebu Longitudinal Health and
Nutrition Survey participants, and ABI was related to few
CVD risk factors. Past reports of lower PAD risk in relation
to BMI may reflect confounding by lean mass, which has
protective relationships with ABI.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajhb.23237},
Key = {fds367481}
}
@article{fds367482,
Author = {Arokiasamy, P and Uttamacharya, and Kowal, P and Capistrant, BD and Gildner, TE and Thiele, E and Biritwum, RB and Yawson, AE and Mensah, G and Maximova, T and Wu, F and Guo, Y and Zheng, Y and Kalula, SZ and Salinas
Rodríguez, A and Manrique Espinoza and B and Liebert, MA and Eick, G and Sterner, KN and Barrett, TM and Duedu, K and Gonzales, E and Ng, N and Negin, J and Jiang, Y and Byles, J and Madurai, SL and Minicuci, N and Snodgrass, JJ and Naidoo, N and Chatterji, S},
Title = {Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases in 6 Low- and Middle-Income
Countries: Findings From Wave 1 of the World Health
Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health
(SAGE).},
Journal = {American journal of epidemiology},
Volume = {185},
Number = {6},
Pages = {414-428},
Year = {2017},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kww125},
Abstract = {In this paper, we examine patterns of self-reported
diagnosis of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and prevalences
of algorithm/measured test-based, undiagnosed, and untreated
NCDs in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South
Africa. Nationally representative samples of older adults
aged ≥50 years were analyzed from wave 1 of the World
Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult
Health (2007-2010; n = 34,149). Analyses focused on 6
conditions: angina, arthritis, asthma, chronic lung disease,
depression, and hypertension. Outcomes for these NCDs were:
1) self-reported disease, 2) algorithm/measured test-based
disease, 3) undiagnosed disease, and 4) untreated disease.
Algorithm/measured test-based prevalence of NCDs was much
higher than self-reported prevalence in all 6 countries,
indicating underestimation of NCD prevalence in low- and
middle-income countries. Undiagnosed prevalence of NCDs was
highest for hypertension, ranging from 19.7% (95% confidence
interval (CI): 18.1, 21.3) in India to 49.6% (95% CI: 46.2,
53.0) in South Africa. The proportion untreated among all
diseases was highest for depression, ranging from 69.5% (95%
CI: 57.1, 81.9) in South Africa to 93.2% (95% CI: 90.1,
95.7) in India. Higher levels of education and wealth
significantly reduced the odds of an undiagnosed condition
and untreated morbidity. A high prevalence of undiagnosed
NCDs and an even higher proportion of untreated NCDs
highlights the inadequacies in diagnosis and management of
NCDs in local health-care systems.},
Doi = {10.1093/aje/kww125},
Key = {fds367482}
}
@article{fds367483,
Author = {Eick, GN and Kowal, P and Barrett, T and Thiele, EA and Snodgrass,
JJ},
Title = {Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay-Based Quantitative Measurement of
Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) in Dried Blood Spots, a Biomarker of
Cardiovascular Disease Risk.},
Journal = {Biodemography and social biology},
Volume = {63},
Number = {2},
Pages = {116-130},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2017.1283582},
Abstract = {Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is a strong predictor of
cardiovascular disease, which remains the leading cause of
mortality in both higher and lower income countries. Here,
we adapted an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
development kit for quantitative determination of ApoB
levels in serum and plasma for use with dried blood spots
(DBS). After confirming the dilution linearity of the assay
for DBS, we measured ApoB in 208 venous DBS samples. Then,
using Passing-Bablok regression analysis and Spearman rank
correlation analysis, we evaluated the correspondence in
ApoB values between matched plasma and finger-prick DBS
samples from 40 individuals who had ApoB values spanning the
range of ApoB values observed in the 208 vDBS samples. We
also evaluated assay precision and recovery, the effects of
hematocrit, number of freeze-thaw cycles, and different
storage temperatures on ApoB levels in DBS. There was a
strong, significant correlation between plasma and DBS ApoB
levels with little bias. Assay precision and recovery were
within the range recommended by the U.S. government's
industry guidelines for bioanalytical assay validation. The
assay was not affected by the DBS matrix or physiological
hematocrit levels. This DBS-based ELISA assay will
facilitate population-scale assessment of cardiovascular
risk in previously unexplored populations.},
Doi = {10.1080/19485565.2017.1283582},
Key = {fds367483}
}
@article{fds367484,
Author = {Barrett, TM},
Title = {Body by Darwin: How Evolution Shapes our Health and
Transforms Medicine By JeremyTaylor304 pp. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press. 2015. $30.00 (cloth), $18.00
(e‐book).},
Journal = {American Journal of Human Biology},
Volume = {28},
Number = {6},
Pages = {952-953},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2016},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22940},
Doi = {10.1002/ajhb.22940},
Key = {fds367484}
}
@article{fds367485,
Author = {Barrett, TM and Liebert, MA and Schrock, JM and Cepon-Robins, TJ and Mathur, A and Agarwal, H and Kowal, P and Snodgrass,
JJ},
Title = {Physical function and activity among older adults in
Jodhpur, India.},
Journal = {Annals of human biology},
Volume = {43},
Number = {5},
Pages = {488-491},
Year = {2016},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03014460.2015.1103901},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Physical activity impacts the ageing
process; yet, few studies have examined relationships among
physical activity, functional abilities and health among
older adults in non-Western settings.<h4>Aim</h4>This study
tests for associations among measures of physical activity,
function and self-report health conditions among 200 older
adults (49--50 years old) in Jodhpur, Rajasthan,
India.<h4>Methods</h4>Seven consecutive days of
accelerometry data were used in measures of physical
activity (Total Daily Energy Expenditure [TDEE], Physical
Activity Level [PAL], Daily Average Activity Count [AC] and
Activity Energy Expenditure [AEE]). Measures of physical
function included grip strength, timed walk and daily
average sit time. Participants reported if they had been
diagnosed with diabetes, hypertension, arthritis and/or
depression.<h4>Results</h4>All four measures of physical
activity were positively associated with grip strength
(p ≤ 0.05). AC was negatively associated with timed
walk (p ≤ 0.05), and both AC and AEE were negatively
associated with daily average sit time (p ≤ 0.05).
Women who reported diagnosis of hypertension had lower PAL
and AC (p ≤ 0.05).<h4>Conclusion</h4>This study
provides further evidence for a positive relationship
between physical activity and functional ability among older
adults and between physical activity and cardiovascular
health among women in India.},
Doi = {10.3109/03014460.2015.1103901},
Key = {fds367485}
}
@article{fds367486,
Author = {Snodgrass, JJ and Liebert, MA and Cepon-Robins, TJ and Barrett, TM and Mathur, A and Chatterji, S and Kowal, P},
Title = {Accelerometer-measured physical activity among older adults
in urban India: Results of a study on global AGEing and
adult health substudy.},
Journal = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of
the Human Biology Council},
Volume = {28},
Number = {3},
Pages = {412-420},
Year = {2016},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22803},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Accelerometry provides researchers with a
powerful tool to measure physical activity in
population-based studies, yet this technology has been
underutilized in cross-cultural studies of older adults. The
present study was conducted among older adults in an urban
setting in India with the following three objectives: (1) to
compare average activity levels obtained through different
durations of monitoring (1, 3, and 7 days); (2) to document
differences in physical activity patterns by sex and age;
and (3) to evaluate links between measures of physical
activity and anthropometrics, as well as between activity
parameters and measures of household size, work status, and
social cohesion.<h4>Methods</h4>The present study uses data
from a physical activity substudy of the World Health
Organization's Study on global AGEing and adult health
(SAGE-PA). This study of 200 older adults (49-90 years old;
72 males, 128 females) in urban India combines 7 continuous
days of ActiGraph GT3X accelerometry with anthropometric and
sociodemographic data.<h4>Results</h4>Results reveal overall
low activity levels, with significantly lower activity
energy expenditure (AEE) among females (P < 0.05). No
significant differences were documented in activity level by
monitoring duration. Age was negatively correlated with AEE
in men (P < 0.01) and women (P < 0.001). AEE was
positively correlated with BMI in men (P < 0.01) and
women (P < 0.05). Finally, women who were more socially
integrated had greater AEE (P < 0.01).<h4>Conclusions</h4>This
study illustrates the utility of accelerometry for
quantifying activity levels in aging populations in
non-Western nations. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:412-420, 2016. ©
2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajhb.22803},
Key = {fds367486}
}
@article{fds367487,
Author = {Gildner, TE and Barrett, TM and Liebert, MA and Kowal, P and Snodgrass,
JJ},
Title = {Does BMI generated by self-reported height and weight
measure up in older adults from middle-income countries?
Results from the study on global AGEing and adult health
(SAGE).},
Journal = {BMC obesity},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {44},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40608-015-0074-0},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Self-reported (SR) body mass index (BMI)
values are often used to determine obesity prevalence.
However, individuals frequently overestimate their height
and underestimate their weight, resulting in artificially
lower obesity prevalence rates. These patterns are
especially apparent among older adults and overweight
individuals. The present cross-sectional study uses
nationally representative datasets from five countries to
assess the accuracy of SR BMI values in diverse
settings.<h4>Methods</h4>Samples of older adults
(≥50 years old) and comparative samples of younger adults
(18-49 years old) were drawn from five middle-income
countries (China, India, Mexico, Russian Federation, and
South Africa) in the World Health Organization's Study on
global AGEing and adult health (SAGE). Participant-reported
and researcher-obtained height and weight measures were used
to calculate SR and measured BMI, respectively. Paired
t-tests assessed differences between SR and measured BMI
values by country. Linear regressions examined the
contribution of measured weight and age to differences
between SR and measured BMI.<h4>Results</h4>Significant
differences between SR and measured BMI values were observed
(p < 0.05), but the direction of these discrepancies
varied by country, age, and sex. Measured weight
significantly contributed to differences between SR and
measured BMI in all countries (p < 0.01). Age did not
contribute significantly to variation in BMI discrepancy,
except in China (p < 0.001).<h4>Conclusions</h4>These
results suggest that SR BMI may not accurately reflect
measured BMI in middle-income countries, but the direction
of this discrepancy varies by country. This has considerable
implications for obesity-related disease estimates reliant
on SR data.},
Doi = {10.1186/s40608-015-0074-0},
Key = {fds367487}
}
%% Barrickman, Nancy L
@article{fds43590,
Author = {N.L. Barrickman and Bastian, M. and Isler, K. and van Schaik, C.},
Title = {Life history costs and benefits of increased brain size: a
comparative test using primates},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Year = {2006},
Abstract = {The correlation between brain size and life history has been
investigated in many previous studies, but the results of
these studies often conflict, causing uncertainties about
whether these two features coevolved. The reason for these
disparities stems from the quality of data used in analyses,
which often consists of a mixture of wild and captive
values. The lack of rigor in compiling these data could
obscure real relationships. In addition, the work of
evolutionary ecologists that attempts to explain the
variation in life histories focuses on the demographic
variables such as mortality rate, and discounts or ignores
the association between brain size and life history. This
paper seeks to resolve these difficulties by (1) proposing
an overarching hypothesis that encompasses the work of
evolutionary ecologists and the work of natural historians;
(2) testing the predictions of this hypothesis using
rigorously compiled data. Our hypothesis proposes that
increased brain size is adaptive because it increases the
reproductive lifespan of the species, but this benefit can
only be realized if the costs of growing and maturing a
large brain are met. The costs and benefits are directly
reflected in the length of the periods of life history. This
balance between costs and benefits explains why evolutionary
ecologists have found consistent relationships between
growth periods and mortality rates. Our results demonstrate
that large brain size relative to body size is significantly
correlated with prolongation of all stages of developmental
life history except the lactational period, and is
significantly correlated with an extension of the
reproductive lifespan. These results support the contention
that the link between brain size and life history is caused
by a balance between the costs of growing a brain and the
benefits the brain provides.},
Key = {fds43590}
}
@misc{fds43589,
Author = {van Schaik, C. and Barrickman, N.L. and Bastian, M. and Krakauer, E. and van Noordwijk, M},
Title = {Primate life histories and the role of brains},
Booktitle = {Evolution of Human Life History},
Publisher = {SAR Press, Santa Fe, NM},
Editor = {K. Hawkes and R. Paine},
Year = {2006},
Abstract = {Primate life histories are among the slowest of all mammals,
and those of great apes are the slowest among primates.
Because humans show a further slowing down of some aspects
of their life history, study of primate life histories is
pertinent to the understanding of human life history. Slow
life history affects behavior both directly and indirectly,
by affecting the relative duration of components of the
immature period. Among primates, slow life histories are
characterized by a disproportional shortening of the
relative duration of gestation, leading to increased
vulnerability to infanticide by males. These direct and
indirect effects on behavior may have selected for
cognitively rich behavioral solutions. We also draw
attention to the increasingly well-documented correlation
between slow life histories and large brain size. While
demographic models have been fairly successful in explaining
life history variation across taxa, they ignore this
correlation, which may explain the reduced growth and
reproduction of some lineages. We explore several hypotheses
developed to explain the correlation between brain size and
life history, and suggest that these ideas can be integrated
into a single framework. On the one hand, the development of
larger adult brains inevitably imposes a developmental cost
on the organism, usually in terms of a delay in maturity,
which must be offset by fitness benefits, usually improved
adult survival, and thus longer reproductive life. On the
other hand, in species with slower life history selection
often favors larger brain size. We examine the relationship
between this approach and the main competing models to
explain the evolution of human life histories (the
Grandmother and the Embodied Capital hypotheses).},
Key = {fds43589}
}
@article{fds43591,
Author = {N.L. Barrickman},
Title = {The ontogeny of cranial capacity and dental development: a
study of growth patterns in primates},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {Suppl 39},
Pages = {72},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds43591}
}
@article{fds43592,
Author = {Lewis, P.J. Steininger and C.M. Barrickman and N.L. Berger and L.R. and Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {A preliminary assessment of the microfaunal assemblage from
the Coopers D deposit, Gauteng, South Africa},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {Suppl 38},
Pages = {135},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds43592}
}
@article{fds43593,
Author = {N.L. Barrickman},
Title = {Morphological variation of the lumbar vertebrae of A.
africanus: Implications for locomotor differences between
small and large individuals},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {Suppl 36},
Pages = {63},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds43593}
}
@article{fds43594,
Author = {N.L. Barrickman},
Title = {Comparative analysis of the neural spine and transverse
processes in the lumbar vertebrae of Hominoidea},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {Suppl 32},
Pages = {32},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds43594}
}
%% Bastian, Meredith L
@article{fds139267,
Author = {Barrickman, NL and Bastian, ML and Isler, K. and van Schaik, CP},
Title = {Life history costs of increased brain size: a comparative
test using data from long-term studies of primates in the
wild},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Year = {2007},
Abstract = {The correlation between brain size and life history has been
investigated in many previous studies, but the results of
these studies often conflict, causing uncertainties about
whether these two features coevolved. The reason for these
disparities stems from the quality of data used in analyses,
which often consists of a mixture of wild and captive
values. The lack of rigor in compiling these data could
obscure real relationships. In addition, the work of
evolutionary ecologists that attempts to explain the
variation in life histories focuses on the demographic
variables such as mortality rate, and discounts or ignores
the association between brain size and life history. This
paper seeks to resolve these difficulties by (1) proposing
an overarching hypothesis that encompasses the work of
evolutionary ecologists and the work of natural historians;
(2) testing the predictions of this hypothesis using
rigorously compiled data. Our hypothesis proposes that
increased brain size is adaptive because it increases the
reproductive lifespan of the species, but this benefit can
only be realized if the costs of growing and maturing a
large brain are met. The costs and benefits are directly
reflected in the length of the periods of life history. This
balance between costs and benefits explains why evolutionary
ecologists have found consistent relationships between
growth periods and mortality rates. Our results demonstrate
that large brain size relative to body size is significantly
correlated with prolongation of all stages of developmental
life history except the lactational period, and is
significantly correlated with an extension of the
reproductive lifespan. These results support the contention
that the link between brain size and life history is caused
by a balance between the costs of growing a brain and the
benefits the brain provides.},
Key = {fds139267}
}
@article{fds53593,
Author = {Bastian, ML and Brockman, DK},
Title = {Paternal behavior in Propithecus verreauxi
coquerel},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Year = {2007},
Abstract = {Alloparental behavior is documented for several anthropoid
primates, but few studies have investigated the extent or
variability of such behavior in prosimians. Here we report
results from a study of male-infant interactions in two
groups of Coquerel’s sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi
coquereli) at the Duke University Primate Center (DUPC).
Both groups contained one adult pair, two juveniles, and a
newborn. Results indicate that both adult males exhibited
paternal behavior toward their offspring in the form of
grooming and holding the infant, although males differed in
the amount of time they spent engaged in these activities.
Group differences in the proximity maintained between the
infants’ parents suggest that the relationship between
adult males and females may help account for this variation.
The presence of juveniles appeared to diminish paternal
behavior in the group exhibiting a higher overall rate of
male infant interaction.},
Key = {fds53593}
}
@article{fds53594,
Author = {Ramsey, G and Bastian, ML and van Schaik, CP},
Title = {Animal innovation defined and operationalized},
Journal = {Brain and Behavioral Sciences},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds53594}
}
@misc{fds45467,
Author = {van Schaik, CP and Barrickman, N and Bastian, ML and Krakauer, EB and van Noordwijk, MA},
Title = {Primate life history and the role of brains},
Pages = {127-154},
Booktitle = {The Evolution of Human Life History},
Publisher = {SAR Press, Santa Fe, NM},
Editor = {K. Hawkes and R. Paine},
Year = {2006},
Abstract = {Primate life histories are among the slowest of all mammals,
and those of great apes are the slowest among primates.
Because humans show a further slowing down of some aspects
of their life history, study of primate life histories is
pertinent to the understanding of human life history. Slow
life history affects behavior both directly and indirectly,
by affecting the relative duration of components of the
immature period. Among primates, slow life histories are
characterized by a disproportional shortening of the
relative duration of gestation, leading to increased
vulnerability to infanticide by males. These direct and
indirect effects on behavior may have selected for
cognitively rich behavioral solutions. We also draw
attention to the increasingly well-documented correlation
between slow life histories and large brain size. While
demographic models have been fairly successful in explaining
life history variation across taxa, they ignore this
correlation, which may explain the reduced growth and
reproduction of some lineages. We explore several hypotheses
developed to explain the correlation between brain size and
life history, and suggest that these ideas can be integrated
into a single framework. On the one hand, the development of
larger adult brains inevitably imposes a developmental cost
on the organism, usually in terms of a delay in maturity,
which must be offset by fitness benefits, usually improved
adult survival, and thus longer reproductive life. On the
other hand, in species with slower life history selection
often favors larger brain size. We examine the relationship
between this approach and the main competing models to
explain the evolution of human life histories (the
Grandmother and the Embodied Capital hypotheses).},
Key = {fds45467}
}
@article{fds45465,
Author = {Bastian, ML and Sponberg, AC and Suomi, SJ and Higley, JD},
Title = {Long-term effects of infant rearing on the acquisition of
dominance rank in juvenile and adult rhesus macaques (Macaca
mulatta).},
Journal = {Developmental Psychobiology},
Volume = {42},
Number = {2},
Pages = {44-51},
Year = {2003},
Abstract = {We examined the effects of early rearing experience on the
development of dominance status in 53 juvenile (age 3) and
then in 38 adult (ages 5-8) rhesus macaques. Based on
previous research investigating the behavioral outcomes of
nursery-rearing, we predicted that mother- reared (MR)
monkeys would outrank peer-only reared 9PR) monkeys, which
would in turn outrank surrogate/ peer-reared (SPR) subjects.
Juvenile MR and PR subjects did not differ in ranks, but
monkeys from both rearing backgrounds outranked SPR
cage-mates at age 3. Independent of rearing condition,
high-ranking juveniles gained the most weight between ages
1-3, suggesting that low status may be associated with
decreases in early weight gain. Adult MR subjects outranked
both PR and SPR subjects, with PR animals occupying
intermediate ranks. These results indicated that
impoverished early experiences, such as adult absence and
limited social interaction, are useful predictors of future
success in rhesus macaques.},
Key = {fds45465}
}
%% Boehm, Emily E.
@article{fds195786,
Author = {Aktipis, Stephanie W. Boehm and Emily Giribet and Gonzalo},
Title = {Another step towards understanding the slit-limpets
(Fissurellidae, Fissurelloidea, Vetigastropoda, Gastropoda):
a combined five-gene molecular phylogeny},
Journal = {Zoologica Scripta},
Volume = {40},
Number = {3},
Pages = {238-259},
Publisher = {The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters},
Year = {2011},
Month = {May},
Key = {fds195786}
}
%% Borths, Matthew
@article{fds366627,
Author = {Borths, MR and Stevens, NJ},
Title = {Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae,
Hyaenodonta, ‘Creodonta,’ Mammalia), a gigantic
carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {39},
Number = {1},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222},
Abstract = {Hyainailourine hyaenodonts are among the largest terrestrial
carnivorous mammals known. The clade is widely dispersed,
found in Eurasia, North America, and Afro-Arabia in the
Paleogene and early Neogene. In this study, we describe
dental and postcranial material from Simbakubwa
kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov., the most complete
hyainailourine known from sub-Saharan Africa. The material
is from a relatively young adult from the early Miocene
locality of Meswa Bridge, Kenya. Simbakubwa differs from
Hyainailouros in exhibiting lingually oriented molar
protocones, gracile metastyles, and buccolingually
compressed, shearing canines. Like other large Miocene
hyainailourines, Simbakubwa has deep carnassial notches on
the molars and tall paracones fused to shorter metacones
forming single piercing cusps. A Bayesian phylogenetic
analysis recovers Simbakubwa as the sister taxon of a clade
of large-bodied Miocene hyainailourines that includes
Hyainailouros and Megistotherium. Bayesian ancestral state
reconstruction supports an Afro-Arabian origin for
Hyainailourinae with subsequent dispersal to Eurasia during
the early Miocene. Regression analysis based on carnassial
size is applied to Simbakubwa and closely related
hyainailourines, recovering a body mass up to 1,500 kg for
the new taxon. The evolution and extinction of
Hyainailourinae offers important insights for interpreting
ecological transitions from Paleogene to Neogene faunas in
Afro-Arabia and Eurasia.},
Doi = {10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222},
Key = {fds366627}
}
@article{fds366628,
Author = {Borths, MR and Stevens, NJ},
Title = {The first hyaenodont from the late Oligocene Nsungwe
Formation of Tanzania: Paleoecological insights into the
Paleogene-Neogene carnivore transition.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {12},
Number = {10},
Pages = {e0185301},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185301},
Abstract = {Throughout the Paleogene, most terrestrial carnivore niches
in Afro-Arabia were occupied by Hyaenodonta, an extinct
lineage of placental mammals. By the end of the Miocene,
terrestrial carnivore niches had shifted to members of
Carnivora, a clade with Eurasian origins. The transition
from a hyaenodont-carnivore fauna to a carnivoran-carnivore
fauna coincides with other ecological changes in Afro-Arabia
as tectonic conditions in the African Rift System altered
climatic conditions and facilitated faunal exchange with
Eurasia. Fossil bearing deposits in the Nsungwe Formation in
southwestern Tanzania are precisely dated to ~25.2 Ma (late
Oligocene), preserving a late Paleogene Afro-Arabian fauna
on the brink of environmental transition, including the
earliest fossil evidence of the split between Old World
monkeys and apes. Here we describe a new hyaenodont from the
Nsungwe Formation, Pakakali rukwaensis gen. et sp. nov., a
bobcat-sized taxon known from a portion of the maxilla that
preserves a deciduous third premolar and alveoli of dP4 and
M1. The crown of dP3 bears an elongate parastyle and
metastyle and a small, blade-like metacone. Based on
alveolar morphology, the two more distal teeth successively
increased in size and had relatively large protocones. Using
a hyaenodont character-taxon matrix that includes deciduous
dental characters, Bayesian phylogenetic methods resolve
Pakakali within the clade Hyainailouroidea. A Bayesian
biogeographic analysis of phylogenetic results resolve the
Pakakali clade as Afro-Arabian in origin, demonstrating that
this small carnivorous mammal was part of an endemic
Afro-Arabian lineage that persisted into the Miocene.
Notably, Pakakali is in the size range of carnivoran forms
that arrived and began to diversify in the region by the
early Miocene. The description of Pakakali is important for
exploring hyaenodont ontogeny and potential influences of
Afro-Arabian tectonic events upon mammalian evolution,
providing a deep time perspective on the stability of
terrestrial carnivore niches through time.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0185301},
Key = {fds366628}
}
@article{fds366629,
Author = {Borths, MR and Seiffert, ER},
Title = {Craniodental and humeral morphology of a new species of
Masrasector (Teratodontinae, Hyaenodonta, Placentalia) from
the late Eocene of Egypt and locomotor diversity in
hyaenodonts.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {12},
Number = {4},
Pages = {e0173527},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173527},
Abstract = {Hyaenodonta is a diverse clade of carnivorous mammals that
were part of terrestrial faunas in the Paleogene of Eurasia
and North America, but the oldest record for the group is
Afro-Arabian, making the record there vital for
understanding the evolution of this wide-spread group.
Previous studies show an ancient split between two major
clades of hyaenodonts that converged in hypercarnivory:
Hyainailourinae and Hyaenodontinae. These clades are each
supported by cranial characters. Phylogenetic analyses of
hyaenodonts also support the monophyly of Teratodontinae, an
Afro-Arabian clade of mesocarnivorous to hypercarnivorous
hyaenodonts. Unfortunately, the cranial anatomy of
teratodontines is poorly known, and aligning the clade with
other lineages has been difficult. Here, a new species of
the phylogenetically controversial teratodontine Masrasector
is described from Locality 41 (latest Priabonian, late
Eocene) from the Fayum Depression, Egypt. The hypodigm
includes the most complete remains of a Paleogene
teratodontine, including largely complete crania, multiple
dentaries, and isolated humeri. Standard and "tip-dating"
Bayesian analyses of a character-taxon matrix that samples
cranial, postcranial, and dental characters support a
monophyletic Masrasector within Teratodontinae, which is
consistently placed as a close sister group of
Hyainailouridae. The cranial morphology of Masrasector
provides new support for an expanded Hyainailouroidea
(Teratodontinae + Hyainailouridae), particularly characters
of the nuchal crest, palate, and basicranium. A discriminant
function analysis was performed using measurements of the
distal humerus from a diverse sample of extant carnivorans
to infer the locomotor habits of Masrasector. Masrasector
was assigned to the "terrestrial" locomotor category, a
result consistent with the well-defined medial trochlear
ridges, and moderately developed supinator crests of the
specimens. Masrasector appears to have been a fast-moving
terrestrial form with a diverse diet. These specimens
considerably improve our understanding of Teratodontinae, an
ancient member of the Afro-Arabian mammalian fauna, and our
understanding of hyaenodont diversity before the dispersal
of Carnivora to the continent near the end of the
Paleogene.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0173527},
Key = {fds366629}
}
%% Boyer, Douglas M.
@article{fds372696,
Author = {Maiolino, SA and Chester, SGB and Boyer, DM and Bloch,
JI},
Title = {Functional morphology of plesiadapiform distal phalanges and
implications for the evolution of arboreality in Paleogene
euarchontans},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalian Evolution},
Volume = {30},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1107-1153},
Year = {2023},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10914-023-09677-1},
Abstract = {With a few exceptions, crown-clade Primates differ from
other arboreal mammalian clades by having nails instead of
claws on most post-axial digits. Distal phalanx morphology
of close extant and fossil relatives of crown-clade Primates
provides a context in which to study the evolution of this
characteristic feature. Plesiadapiforms are a diverse group
of extinct arboreal mammals closely related to crown-clade
Primates (together classified as total clade Pan-Primates)
that have distal phalanges that are indicative of having
supported keratinous claws, with the only documented
exception being that of Carpolestes simpsoni which may have
had a nail on its hallucal phalanx. To contextualize
morphological variation among plesiadapiform distal
phalanges, we investigated the influence of behavior and
phylogeny on post-axial distal phalanx morphology using a
broad sample of extant mammalian taxa (273 distal phalanges
from 67 species) compared to those known for plesiadapiforms
(26 specimens from 9 species). Results show that
plesiadapiform distal phalanges share characteristics with
those of both extant generalized arborealists/scansorialists
and antipronograde specialists, consistent with previous
behavioral reconstructions of frequent vertical clinging and
climbing based on other regions of the skeleton. Distal
phalanges of Plesiadapis cookei, Plesiadapis tricuspidens,
and the “Le Quesnoy plesiadapid” are most similar to
those of extant species that clasp branches between claws
and the rest of the autopod when climbing. In contrast,
known distal phalanges of micromomyids and the plesiadapoid
C. simpsoni share some similarities with those of extant
taxa that rely more heavily on grasping with digital pads
when climbing.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10914-023-09677-1},
Key = {fds372696}
}
@article{fds371724,
Author = {Boulinguez-Ambroise, G and Dunham, N and Phelps, T and Mazonas, T and Nguyen, P and Bradley-Cronkwright, M and Boyer, DM and Yapuncich, GS and Zeininger, A and Schmitt, D and Young, JW},
Title = {Jumping performance in tree squirrels: Insights into primate
evolution.},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Volume = {180},
Pages = {103386},
Year = {2023},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103386},
Abstract = {Morphological traits suggesting powerful jumping abilities
are characteristic of early crown primate fossils. Because
tree squirrels lack certain 'primatelike' grasping features
but frequently travel on the narrow terminal branches of
trees, they make a viable extant model for an early stage of
primate evolution. Here, we explore biomechanical
determinants of jumping performance in the arboreal Eastern
gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis, n = 3) as a greater
understanding of the biomechanical strategies that squirrels
use to modulate jumping performance could inform theories of
selection for increased jumping ability during early primate
evolution. We assessed vertical jumping performance by using
instrumented force platforms upon which were mounted
launching supports of various sizes, allowing us to test the
influence of substrate diameter on jumping kinetics and
performance. We used standard ergometric methods to quantify
jumping parameters (e.g., takeoff velocity, total
displacement, peak mechanical power) from force platform
data during push-off. We found that tree squirrels display
divergent mechanical strategies according to the type of
substrate, prioritizing force production on flat ground
versus center of mass displacement on narrower poles. As
jumping represents a significant part of the locomotor
behavior of most primates, we suggest that jumping from
small arboreal substrates may have acted as a potential
driver of the selection for elongated hindlimb segments in
primates, allowing the center of mass to be accelerated over
a longer distance-and thereby reducing the need for high
substrate reaction forces.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103386},
Key = {fds371724}
}
@article{fds373007,
Author = {Mulligan, CJ and Boyer, DM and Turner, TR and Delson, E and Leonard,
WR},
Title = {Data sharing in biological anthropology},
Journal = {American Journal of Biological Anthropology},
Volume = {178},
Number = {S74},
Pages = {26-53},
Year = {2022},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24499},
Abstract = {Open data sharing democratizes science by making data more
equitably available throughout the world. Furthermore, open
data sharing improves the reproducibility and quality of
research and enables new collaborations powered by the
freely available data. Open data are defined as data that
can be freely used, reused, and redistributed by anyone. For
an interdisciplinary field like biological anthropology,
data sharing is critical since one person cannot easily
collect data across the domains relevant to our field. The
goal of this paper is to encourage broader data sharing in
our discipline by exploring the state of data sharing in the
field of biological anthropology. Our paper is divided into
four parts: the first section describes the benefits,
challenges, and emerging solutions to open data sharing; the
second section presents the results of our data archiving
and sharing survey that was completed by over 700
researchers; the third section presents personal experiences
of data sharing by the authors; and the fourth section
discusses the strengths of different types of data
repositories and provides a list of recommended data
repositories.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.24499},
Key = {fds373007}
}
@article{fds360553,
Author = {Fulwood, EL and Shan, S and Winchester, JM and Gao, T and Kirveslahti,
H and Daubechies, I and Boyer, DM},
Title = {Reconstructing dietary ecology of extinct strepsirrhines
(Primates, Mammalia) with new approaches for characterizing
and analyzing tooth shape},
Journal = {Paleobiology},
Volume = {47},
Number = {4},
Pages = {612-631},
Year = {2021},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2021.9},
Abstract = {The morphological and ecological diversity of lemurs and
lorisiformes once rivaled that of the rest of the primate
order. Here, we assemble a dataset of 3D models representing
the second mandibular molars of a wide range of extant and
fossil strepsirrhines encompassing this diversity. We use
these models to distill quantitative descriptors of tooth
form and then analyze these data using new analytical
methods. We employ a recently developed dental topography
metric (ariaDNE), which is less sensitive to details of
random error in 3D model quality than previously used
metrics (e.g., DNE); Bayesian multinomial modeling with
metrics designed to measure overfitting risk; and a tooth
segmentation algorithm that allows the shapes of
disaggregated tooth surface features to be quantified using
dental topography metrics. This approach is successful at
reclassifying extant strepsirrhine primates to known dietary
ecology and indicates that the averaging of morphological
information across the tooth surface does not interfere with
the ability of dental topography metrics to predict dietary
adaptation. When the most informative combination of dental
topography metrics is applied to extinct species, many
subfossil lemurs and the most basal fossil strepsirrhines
are predicted to have been primarily frugivorous or
gummivorous. This supports an ecological contraction among
the extant lemurs and the importance of frugivory in the
origins of crown Strepsirrhini, potentially to avoid
competition with more insectivorous and folivorous members
of Paleogene Afro-Arabian primate faunas.},
Doi = {10.1017/pab.2021.9},
Key = {fds360553}
}
@article{fds358340,
Author = {Rolfe, S and Pieper, S and Porto, A and Diamond, K and Winchester, J and Shan, S and Kirveslahti, H and Boyer, D and Summers, A and Maga,
AM},
Title = {SlicerMorph: An open and extensible platform to retrieve,
visualize and analyse 3D morphology},
Journal = {Methods in Ecology and Evolution},
Volume = {12},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1816-1825},
Year = {2021},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13669},
Abstract = {Large-scale digitization projects such as #ScanAllFishes and
oVert are generating high-resolution microCT scans of
vertebrates by the thousands. Data from these projects are
shared with the community using aggregate 3D specimen
repositories like MorphoSource through various open
licenses. We anticipate an explosion of quantitative
research in organismal biology with the convergence of
available data and the methodologies to analyse them. Though
the data are available, the road from a series of images to
analysis is fraught with challenges for most biologists. It
involves tedious tasks of data format conversions,
preserving spatial scale of the data accurately, 3D
visualization and segmentations, and acquiring measurements
and annotations. When scientists use commercial software
with proprietary formats, a roadblock for data exchange,
collaboration and reproducibility is erected that hurts the
efforts of the scientific community to broaden participation
in research. We developed SlicerMorph as an extension of 3D
Slicer, a biomedical visualization and analysis ecosystem
with extensive visualization and segmentation capabilities
built on proven python-scriptable open-source libraries such
as Visualization Toolkit and Insight Toolkit. In addition to
the core functionalities of Slicer, SlicerMorph provides
users with modules to conveniently retrieve open-access 3D
models or import users own 3D volumes, to annotate 3D curve
and patch-based landmarks, generate landmark templates,
conduct geometric morphometric analyses of 3D organismal
form using both landmark-driven and landmark-free
approaches, and create 3D animations from their results. We
highlight how these individual modules can be tied together
to establish complete workflow(s) from image sequence to
morphospace. Our software development efforts were
supplemented with short courses and workshops that cover the
fundamentals of 3D imaging and morphometric analyses as it
applies to study of organismal form and shape in
evolutionary biology. Our goal is to establish a community
of organismal biologists centred around Slicer and
SlicerMorph to facilitate easy exchange of data and results
and collaborations using 3D specimens. Our proposition to
our colleagues is that using a common open platform
supported by a large user and developer community ensures
the longevity and sustainability of the tools beyond the
initial development effort.},
Doi = {10.1111/2041-210X.13669},
Key = {fds358340}
}
@article{fds357312,
Author = {Vitek, NS and Morse, PE and Boyer, DM and Strait, SG and Bloch,
JI},
Title = {Evaluating the responses of three closely related small
mammal lineages to climate change across the
Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum},
Journal = {Paleobiology},
Volume = {47},
Number = {3},
Pages = {464-486},
Year = {2021},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2021.12},
Abstract = {Interpreting the impact of climate change on vertebrates in
the fossil record can be complicated by the effects of
potential biotic drivers on morphological patterns observed
in taxa. One promising area where this impact can be
assessed is a high-resolution terrestrial record from the
Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, that corresponds to the
Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM), a geologically
rapid (~170 kyr) interval of sustained temperature and
aridity shifts about 56 Ma. The PETM has been extensively
studied, but different lines of research have not yet been
brought together to compare the timing of shifts in abiotic
drivers that include temperature and aridity proxies and
those of biotic drivers, measured through changes in floral
and faunal assemblages, to the timing of morphological
change within mammalian species lineages. We used a suite of
morphometric tools to document morphological changes in
molar crown morphology of three lineages of stem erinaceid
eulipotyphlans. We then compared the timing of morphological
change to that of both abiotic and other biotic records
through the PETM. In all three species lineages, we failed
to recover any significant changes in tooth crown shape or
size within the PETM. These results contrast with those
documented previously for lineages of medium-sized mammals,
which show significant dwarfing within the PETM. Our results
suggest that biotic drivers such as shifts in community
composition may have also played an important role in
shaping species-level patterns during this dynamic interval
in Earth history.},
Doi = {10.1017/pab.2021.12},
Key = {fds357312}
}
@article{fds358338,
Author = {Frank, LR and Rowe, TB and Boyer, DM and Witmer, LM and Galinsky,
VL},
Title = {Unveiling the third dimension in morphometry with automated
quantitative volumetric computations.},
Journal = {Scientific reports},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1},
Pages = {14438},
Year = {2021},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93490-4},
Abstract = {As computed tomography and related technologies have become
mainstream tools across a broad range of scientific
applications, each new generation of instrumentation
produces larger volumes of more-complex 3D data. Lagging
behind are step-wise improvements in computational methods
to rapidly analyze these new large, complex datasets. Here
we describe novel computational methods to capture and
quantify volumetric information, and to efficiently
characterize and compare shape volumes. It is based on
innovative theoretical and computational reformulation of
volumetric computing. It consists of two theoretical
constructs and their numerical implementation: the spherical
wave decomposition (SWD), that provides fast, accurate
automated characterization of shapes embedded within complex
3D datasets; and symplectomorphic registration with phase
space regularization by entropy spectrum pathways (SYMREG),
that is a non-linear volumetric registration method that
allows homologous structures to be correctly warped to each
other or a common template for comparison. Together, these
constitute the Shape Analysis for Phenomics from Imaging
Data (SAPID) method. We demonstrate its ability to
automatically provide rapid quantitative segmentation and
characterization of single unique datasets, and both
inter-and intra-specific comparative analyses. We go beyond
pairwise comparisons and analyze collections of samples from
3D data repositories, highlighting the magnified potential
our method has when applied to data collections. We discuss
the potential of SAPID in the broader context of generating
normative morphologies required for meaningfully quantifying
and comparing variations in complex 3D anatomical structures
and systems.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-93490-4},
Key = {fds358338}
}
@article{fds356983,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Schaeffer, LM and Beard, KC},
Title = {New dentaries of Chiromyoides (Primatomorpha, Plesiadapidae)
and a reassessment of the “mammalian woodpecker”
ecological niche},
Journal = {Geobios},
Volume = {66-67},
Pages = {77-102},
Year = {2021},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2021.03.002},
Abstract = {Based on their relatively large, chisel-like incisors and
robust dentaries, species of the Paleocene plesiadapid
mammal Chiromyoides have been described as potential
ecological analogues of either seed-eating rodents or the
unusually specialized lemur Daubentonia madagascariensis.
Here, we analyze the most complete dentaries of Chiromyoides
currently known in order to illuminate jaw form and function
in this taxon. Principal Component Analysis shows that
Chiromyoides campanicus and Daubentonia are uniquely similar
in select dentary proportions when compared with a sample
including seven other fossil plesiadapid taxa as well as 22
extant primates, dermopterans and scandentians. Comparative
allometric analyses indicate that in both Daubentonia and
Chiromyoides, the unique jaw proportions are likely achieved
through hypertrophy of masseteric fossa length and dentary
depth, rather than simple reduction of tooth row length.
Consistent with these dentary features indicative of
powerful gnawing, we show that incisor apex morphology
became increasingly chisel-like in certain younger species
of Chiromyoides. Importantly, slight reduction in molar area
relative to jaw length and body mass appears to characterize
all species of Chiromyoides in which molar proportions can
be estimated. Notably, this pattern occurs in one of the
oldest known specimens of Chiromyoides, an edentulous but
relatively complete dentary from the middle Tiffanian of
Texas, which differs from other Chiromyoides specimens in
having a relatively shallower corpus. Taken together, this
evidence suggests that Chiromyoides was a Daubentonia-like
extractive forager that evolved from taxa whose diets
emphasized exudates.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.geobios.2021.03.002},
Key = {fds356983}
}
@article{fds358339,
Author = {Wang, B and Sudijono, T and Kirveslahti, H and Gao, T and Boyer, DM and Mukherjee, S and Crawford, L},
Title = {A statistical pipeline for identifying physical features
that differentiate classes of 3D shapes},
Journal = {Annals of Applied Statistics},
Volume = {15},
Number = {2},
Pages = {638-661},
Year = {2021},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/20-AOAS1430},
Abstract = {The recent curation of large-scale databases with 3D surface
scans of shapes has motivated the development of tools that
better detect global patterns in morphological variation.
Studies, which focus on identifying differences between
shapes, have been limited to simple pairwise comparisons and
rely on prespecified landmarks (that are often known). We
present SINATRA, the first statistical pipeline for
analyzing collections of shapes without requiring any
correspondences. Our novel algorithm takes in two classes of
shapes and highlights the physical features that best
describe the variation between them.We use a rigorous
simulation framework to assess our approach. Lastly, as a
case study we use SINATRA to analyze mandibular molars from
four different suborders of primates and demonstrate its
ability recover known morphometric variation across
phylogenies.},
Doi = {10.1214/20-AOAS1430},
Key = {fds358339}
}
@article{fds356122,
Author = {Fulwood, EL and Shan, S and Winchester, JM and Kirveslahti, H and Ravier, R and Kovalsky, S and Daubechies, I and Boyer,
DM},
Title = {Insights from macroevolutionary modelling and ancestral
state reconstruction into the radiation and historical
dietary ecology of Lemuriformes (Primates,
Mammalia).},
Journal = {BMC ecology and evolution},
Volume = {21},
Number = {1},
Pages = {60},
Year = {2021},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-021-01793-x},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Lemurs once rivalled the diversity of
rest of the primate order despite thier confinement to the
island of Madagascar. We test the adaptive radiation model
of Malagasy lemur diversity using a novel combination of
phylogenetic comparative methods and geometric methods for
quantifying tooth shape.<h4>Results</h4>We apply
macroevolutionary model fitting approaches and disparity
through time analysis to dental topography metrics
associated with dietary adaptation, an aspect of mammalian
ecology which appears to be closely related to
diversification in many clades. Metrics were also
reconstructed at internal nodes of the lemur tree and these
reconstructions were combined to generate dietary
classification probabilities at internal nodes using
discriminant function analysis. We used these
reconstructions to calculate rates of transition toward
folivory per million-year intervals. Finally, lower second
molar shape was reconstructed at internal nodes by modelling
the change in shape of 3D meshes using squared change
parsimony along the branches of the lemur tree. Our analyses
of dental topography metrics do not recover an early burst
in rates of change or a pattern of early partitioning of
subclade disparity. However, rates of change in adaptations
for folivory were highest during the Oligocene, an interval
of possible forest expansion on the island.<h4>Conclusions</h4>There
was no clear phylogenetic signal of bursts of morphological
evolution early in lemur history. Reconstruction of the
molar morphologies corresponding to the ancestral nodes of
the lemur tree suggest that this may have been driven by a
shift toward defended plant resources, however. This
suggests a response to the ecological opportunity offered by
expanding forests, but not necessarily a classic adaptive
radiation initiated by dispersal to Madagascar.},
Doi = {10.1186/s12862-021-01793-x},
Key = {fds356122}
}
@article{fds349658,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Jahnke, LM and Mulligan, CJ and Turner, T and 2019
Workshop on Data Sharing in Biological Anthropology},
Title = {Response to letters to the editor concerning AJPA commentary
on "data sharing in biological anthropology: Guiding
principles and best practices".},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {172},
Number = {3},
Pages = {344-346},
Year = {2020},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24065},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.24065},
Key = {fds349658}
}
@article{fds355654,
Author = {Marigó, J and Minwer-Barakat, R and Moyà-Solà, S and Boyer,
DM},
Title = {First navicular remains of a European adapiform (Anchomomys
frontanyensis) from the Middle Eocene of the Eastern
Pyrenees (Catalonia, Spain): implications for early primate
locomotor behavior and navicular evolution.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {139},
Pages = {102708},
Year = {2020},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.102708},
Abstract = {We describe the first known navicular bones for an Eocene
euprimate from Europe and assess their implications for
early patterns of locomotor evolution in primates. Recovered
from the fossil site of Sant Jaume de Frontanyà-3C
(Barcelona, Spain), the naviculars are attributed to
Anchomomys frontanyensis. The small size of A. frontanyensis
allows us to consider behavioral implications of comparisons
with omomyiforms, regardless of allometric sources of
navicular variation. Researchers usually consider
omomyiforms to be more prone to leaping than contemporaneous
adapiforms partly because of the more pronounced elongation
of omomyiform tarsal elements. However, A. frontanyensis
differs from other adapiforms and is similar to some
omomyiforms in its more elongated navicular proportions.
Although this might raise questions about attribution of
these naviculars to A. frontanyensis, the elements exhibit
clear strepsirrhine affinities leaving little doubt about
the attribution: the bones' mesocuneiform facets contact
their cuboid facets. We further propose that this
strepsirrhine-specific feature in A. frontanyensis and other
adapiforms reflects use of more inverted foot postures and
potentially smaller substrates than sympatric omomyiforms
that lack it. Thus substrate differences may have influenced
niche partitioning in Eocene euprimate communities along
with differences in locomotor agility. As previous studies
on the astragalus and the calcaneus have suggested, this
study on the navicular is consistent with the hypothesis
that the locomotor mode of A. frontanyensis was similar to
that of extant cheirogaleids, especially species of
Microcebus and Mirza.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.102708},
Key = {fds355654}
}
@article{fds346280,
Author = {Yapuncich, GS and Feng, HJ and Dunn, RH and Seiffert, ER and Boyer,
DM},
Title = {Vertical support use and primate origins.},
Journal = {Sci Rep},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {12341},
Year = {2019},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48651-x},
Abstract = {Adaptive scenarios of crown primate origins remain
contentious due to uncertain order of acquisition and
functional significance of the clade's diagnostic traits. A
feature of the talus bone in the ankle, known as the
posterior trochlear shelf (PTS), is well-regarded as a
derived crown primate trait, but its adaptive significance
has been obscured by poorly understood function. Here we
propose a novel biomechanical function for the PTS and model
the talus as a cam mechanism. By surveying a large sample of
primates and their closest relatives, we demonstrate that
the PTS is most strongly developed in extant taxa that
habitually grasp vertical supports with strongly dorsiflexed
feet. Tali of the earliest fossils likely to represent crown
primates exhibit more strongly developed PTS cam mechanisms
than extant primates. As a cam, the PTS may increase
grasping efficiency in dorsiflexed foot postures by
increasing the path length of the flexor fibularis tendon,
and thus improve the muscle's ability to maintain flexed
digits without increasing energetic demands. Comparisons are
made to other passive digital flexion mechanisms suggested
to exist in other vertebrates. These results provide robust
anatomical evidence that the habitual vertical support use
exerted a strong selective pressure during crown primate
origins.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-48651-x},
Key = {fds346280}
}
@article{fds343707,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Yapuncich, GS and Dunham, NT and McNamara, A and Shapiro,
LJ and Hieronymus, TL and Young, JW},
Title = {My branch is your branch: Talar morphology correlates with
relative substrate size in platyrrhines at Tiputini
Biodiversity Station, Ecuador.},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Volume = {133},
Pages = {23-31},
Year = {2019},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.05.012},
Abstract = {Given that most species of primates are predominantly
arboreal, maintaining the ability to move among branches of
varying sizes has presumably been a common selective force
in primate evolution. However, empirical evaluations of the
relationships between morphological variation and
characteristics of substrate geometry, such as substrate
diameter relative to an animal's body mass, have been
limited by the lack of quantified substrate usage in the
wild. Here we use recently published quantitative data to
assess the relationships between relative substrate size and
talar morphology in nine New World monkey species at the
Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Ecuador. Within this sample,
both fibular facet angle (the angle between the fibular
facet and the trochlear rims) and body-mass-standardized
area of the medial tibial facet decrease as average and
maximum relative substrate size increases. Correlations
between medial tibial facet area and relative substrate size
are driven by the inclusion of callitrichids in this sample.
Nevertheless, these findings strengthen the hypothesis that
variation in fibular facet orientation and medial tibial
facet area are functionally correlated with habitual degrees
of pedal inversion. They also strengthen the notion that
evolutionarily changing body mass could impact habitat
geometry experienced by a lineage and thereby substantially
impact major trends in primate morphological evolution. This
study highlights the importance of empirical data on
substrate use in living primates for inferring functional
and evolutionary implications of morphological
variation.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.05.012},
Key = {fds343707}
}
@article{fds341871,
Author = {Harrington, AR and Kuzawa, CW and Boyer, DM},
Title = {Carotid foramen size in the human skull tracks developmental
changes in cerebral blood flow and brain
metabolism.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {169},
Number = {1},
Pages = {161-169},
Year = {2019},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23809},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>In humans, neuronal processes related to
brain development elevate the metabolic rate of brain tissue
relative to the body during early childhood. This phenomenon
has been hypothesized to contribute to slow somatic growth
in preadolescent Homo sapiens. The uncoupling of the brain's
metabolic rate from brain size during development
complicates the study of the evolutionary emergence of these
traits in the fossil record. Here, we extend a method
previously developed to predict interspecific differences in
cerebral blood flow (a correlate of cerebral glucose use) to
predict ontogenetic changes in human brain
metabolism.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>Radii of the
carotid foramen from an ontogenetic series of modern human
crania were used to predict blood flow rates through the
internal carotid arteries (ICA), which were compared to
empirically measured ICA flow and brain metabolism
values.<h4>Results</h4>Predictions of both absolute ICA
blood flow rates and perfusion (ICA blood flow rates
relative to brain size) generally match measured values in
infancy and childhood. Maximum predicted ICA blood flow
rates and perfusion were found to occur between ages 5 and
8, which roughly correspond to the age of maximum measured
ICA blood flow rate and absolute and brain mass-specific
rate of whole brain glucose uptake.<h4>Discussion</h4>These
findings suggest that, during human growth and development,
the size of the carotid foramen corresponds well to blood
flow requirements through the ICA, and the method tested
here may provide new opportunities for studying
developmental changes in brain metabolism using osteological
samples, including fossil hominins.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23809},
Key = {fds341871}
}
@article{fds341590,
Author = {Shan, S and Kovalsky, SZ and Winchester, JM and Boyer, DM and Daubechies, I},
Title = {ariaDNE: A robustly implemented algorithm for Dirichlet
energy of the normal},
Journal = {Methods in Ecology and Evolution},
Volume = {10},
Number = {4},
Pages = {541-552},
Year = {2019},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13148},
Abstract = {Shape characterizers are metrics that quantify aspects of
the overall geometry of a three-dimensional (3D) digital
surface. When computed for biological objects, the values of
a shape characterizer are largely independent of homology
interpretations and often contain a strong ecological and
functional signal. Thus, shape characterizers are useful for
understanding evolutionary processes. Dirichlet normal
energy (DNE) is a widely used shape characterizer in
morphological studies. Recent studies found that DNE is
sensitive to various procedures for preparing 3D mesh from
raw scan data, raising concerns regarding comparability and
objectivity when utilizing DNE in morphological research. We
provide a robustly implemented algorithm for computing the
Dirichlet energy of the normal (ariaDNE) on 3D meshes. We
show through simulation that the effects of
preparation-related mesh surface attributes, such as
triangle count, mesh representation, noise, smoothing and
boundary triangles, are much more limited on ariaDNE than
DNE. Furthermore, ariaDNE retains the potential of DNE for
biological studies, illustrated by its effectiveness in
differentiating species by dietary preferences. Use of
ariaDNE can dramatically enhance the assessment of the
ecological aspects of morphological variation by its
stability under different 3D model acquisition methods and
preparation procedure. Towards this goal, we provide scripts
for computing ariaDNE and ariaDNE values for specimens used
in previously published DNE analyses.},
Doi = {10.1111/2041-210X.13148},
Key = {fds341590}
}
@article{fds339738,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Harrington, AR},
Title = {New estimates of blood flow rates in the vertebral artery of
euarchontans and their implications for encephalic blood
flow scaling: A response to Seymour and Snelling
(2018).},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {128},
Pages = {93-98},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.10.002},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.10.002},
Key = {fds339738}
}
@article{fds339909,
Author = {Morse, PE and Chester, SGB and Boyer, DM and Smith, T and Smith, R and Gigase, P and Bloch, JI},
Title = {New fossils, systematics, and biogeography of the oldest
known crown primate Teilhardina from the earliest Eocene of
Asia, Europe, and North America.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {128},
Pages = {103-131},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.08.005},
Abstract = {Omomyiform primates are among the most basal fossil
haplorhines, with the oldest classified in the genus
Teilhardina and known contemporaneously from Asia, Europe,
and North America during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal
Maximum (PETM) ∼56 mya. Characterization of morphology in
this genus has been limited by small sample sizes and
fragmentary fossils. A new dental sample (n = 163) of the
North American species Teilhardina brandti from PETM strata
of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, documents previously unknown
morphology and variation, prompting the need for a
systematic revision of the genus. The P<sub>4</sub> of
T. brandti expresses a range of variation that encompasses
that of the recently named, slightly younger North American
species 'Teilhardina gingerichi,' which is here synonymized
with T. brandti. A new partial dentary preserving the
alveoli for P<sub>1-2</sub> demonstrates that T. brandti
variably expresses an unreduced, centrally-located
P<sub>1</sub>, and in this regard is similar to that of
T. asiatica from China. This observation, coupled with
further documentation of variability in P<sub>1</sub>
alveolar size, position, and presence in the European type
species T. belgica, indicates that the original diagnosis
of T. asiatica is insufficient at distinguishing this
species from either T. belgica or T. brandti. Likewise,
the basal omomyiform 'Archicebus achilles' requires revision
to be distinguished from Teilhardina. Results from a
phylogenetic analysis of 1890 characters scored for
omomyiforms, adapiforms, and other euarchontan mammals
produces a novel clade including T. magnoliana,
T. brandti, T. asiatica, and T. belgica to the exclusion
of two species previously referred to Teilhardina, which are
here classified in a new genus (Bownomomys americanus and
Bownomomys crassidens). While hypotheses of relationships
and inferred biogeographic patterns among species of
Teilhardina could change with the discovery of more complete
fossils, the results of these analyses indicate a similar
probability that the genus originated in either Asia or
North America.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.08.005},
Key = {fds339909}
}
@article{fds347335,
Author = {Yapuncich, GS and Kemp, AD and Griffith, DM and Gladman, JT and Ehmke,
E and Boyer, DM},
Title = {A digital collection of rare and endangered lemurs and other
primates from the Duke Lemur Center.},
Journal = {PLoS One},
Volume = {14},
Number = {11},
Pages = {e0219411},
Year = {2019},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219411},
Abstract = {Scientific study of lemurs, a group of primates found only
on Madagascar, is crucial for understanding primate
evolution. Unfortunately, lemurs are among the most
endangered animals in the world, so there is a strong
impetus to maximize as much scientific data as possible from
available physical specimens. MicroCT scanning efforts at
Duke University have resulted in scans of more than 100
strepsirrhine cadavers representing 18 species from the Duke
Lemur Center. An error study of the microCT scanner
recovered less than 0.3% error at multiple resolution
levels. Scans include specimen overviews and focused,
high-resolution selections of complex anatomical regions
(e.g., cranium, hands, feet). Scans have been uploaded to
MorphoSource, an online digital repository for 3D data. As
captive (but free ranging) individuals, these specimens have
a wealth of associated information that is largely
unavailable for wild populations, including detailed life
history data. This digital collection maximizes the
information obtained from rare and endangered animals with
minimal degradation of the original specimens.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0219411},
Key = {fds347335}
}
@article{fds336361,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Maiolino, SA and Holroyd, PA and Morse, PE and Bloch,
JI},
Title = {Oldest evidence for grooming claws in euprimates.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {122},
Pages = {1-22},
Year = {2018},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.03.010},
Abstract = {Euprimates are unusual among mammals in having fingers and
toes with flat nails. While it seems clear that the
ancestral stock from which euprimates evolved had
claw-bearing digits, the available fossil record has not yet
contributed a detailed understanding of the transition from
claws to nails. This study helps clarify the evolutionary
history of the second pedal digit with fossils representing
the distal phalanx of digit two (dpII), and has broader
implications for other digits. Among extant primates, the
keratinized structure on the pedal dpII widely varies in
form. Extant strepsirrhines and tarsiers have narrow,
distally tapering, dorsally inclined nails (termed a
'grooming claws' for their use in autogrooming), while
extant anthropoids have more typical nails that are wider
and lack distal tapering or dorsal inclination. At least two
fossil primate species thought to be stem members of the
Strepsirrhini appear to have had grooming claws, yet
reconstructions of the ancestral euprimate condition based
on direct evidence from the fossil record are ambiguous due
to inadequate fossil evidence for the earliest haplorhines.
Seven recently discovered, isolated distal phalanges from
four early Eocene localities in Wyoming (USA) closely
resemble those of the pedal dpII in extant prosimians. On
the basis of faunal associations, size, and morphology,
these specimens are recognized as the grooming phalanges of
five genera of haplorhine primates, including one of the
oldest known euprimates (∼56 Ma), Teilhardina brandti.
Both the phylogenetic distribution and antiquity of primate
grooming phalanges now strongly suggest that ancestral
euprimates had grooming claws, that these structures were
modified from a primitive claw rather than a flat nail, and
that the evolutionary loss of 'grooming claws' represents an
apomorphy for crown anthropoids.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.03.010},
Key = {fds336361}
}
@article{fds337583,
Author = {Gunnell, GF and Boyer, DM and Friscia, AR and Heritage, S and Manthi,
FK and Miller, ER and Sallam, HM and Simmons, NB and Stevens, NJ and Seiffert, ER},
Title = {Fossil lemurs from Egypt and Kenya suggest an African origin
for Madagascar's aye-aye.},
Journal = {Nature communications},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3193},
Year = {2018},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05648-w},
Abstract = {In 1967 G.G. Simpson described three partial mandibles from
early Miocene deposits in Kenya that he interpreted as
belonging to a new strepsirrhine primate, Propotto. This
interpretation was quickly challenged, with the assertion
that Propotto was not a primate, but rather a pteropodid
fruit bat. The latter interpretation has not been questioned
for almost half a century. Here we re-evaluate the
affinities of Propotto, drawing upon diverse lines of
evidence to establish that this strange mammal is a
strepsirrhine primate as originally suggested by Simpson.
Moreover, our phylogenetic analyses support the recognition
of Propotto, together with late Eocene Plesiopithecus from
Egypt, as African stem chiromyiform lemurs that are
exclusively related to the extant aye-aye (Daubentonia) from
Madagascar. Our results challenge the long-held view that
all lemurs are descended from a single ancient colonization
of Madagascar, and present an intriguing alternative
scenario in which two lemur lineages dispersed from Africa
to Madagascar independently, possibly during the later
Cenozoic.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-05648-w},
Key = {fds337583}
}
@article{fds332938,
Author = {Gao, T and Yapuncich, GS and Daubechies, I and Mukherjee, S and Boyer,
DM},
Title = {Development and Assessment of Fully Automated and Globally
Transitive Geometric Morphometric Methods, With Application
to a Biological Comparative Dataset With High Interspecific
Variation.},
Journal = {Anat Rec (Hoboken)},
Volume = {301},
Number = {4},
Pages = {636-658},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.23700},
Abstract = {Automated geometric morphometric methods are promising tools
for shape analysis in comparative biology, improving
researchers' abilities to quantify variation extensively (by
permitting more specimens to be analyzed) and intensively
(by characterizing shapes with greater fidelity). Although
use of these methods has increased, published automated
methods have some notable limitations: pairwise
correspondences are frequently inaccurate and pairwise
mappings are not globally consistent (i.e., they lack
transitivity across the full sample). Here, we reassess the
accuracy of published automated methods-cPDist (Boyer et al.
Proc Nat Acad Sci 108 () 18221-18226) and auto3Dgm (Boyer et
al.: Anat Rec 298 () 249-276)-and evaluate several
modifications to these methods. We show that a substantial
percentage of alignments and pairwise maps between specimens
of dissimilar geometries were inaccurate in the study of
Boyer et al. (Proc Nat Acad Sci 108 () 18221-18226), despite
a taxonomically partitioned variance structure of continuous
Procrustes distances. We show these inaccuracies are
remedied using a globally informed methodology within a
collection of shapes, rather than relying on pairwise
comparisons (c.f. Boyer et al.: Anat Rec 298 () 249-276).
Unfortunately, while global information generally enhances
maps between dissimilar objects, it can degrade the quality
of correspondences between similar objects due to the
accumulation of numerical error. We explore a number of
approaches to mitigate this degradation, quantify their
performance, and compare the generated pairwise maps (and
the shape space characterized by these maps) to a "ground
truth" obtained from landmarks manually collected by
geometric morphometricians. Novel methods both improve the
quality of the pairwise correspondences relative to cPDist
and achieve a taxonomic distinctiveness comparable to
auto3Dgm. Anat Rec, 301:636-658, 2018. © 2017 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.23700},
Key = {fds332938}
}
@article{fds336362,
Author = {Lyu, I and Perdomo, J and Yapuncich, GS and Paniagua, B and Boyer, DM and Styner, MA},
Title = {Group-wise Shape Correspondence of Variable and Complex
Objects.},
Journal = {Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
Volume = {10574},
Pages = {105742T},
Year = {2018},
Month = {March},
ISBN = {9781510616370},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2293273},
Abstract = {We present a group-wise shape correspondence method for
analyzing variable and complex objects in a population
study. The proposed method begins with the standard
spherical harmonics (SPHARM) point distribution models (PDM)
with their spherical mappings. In case of complex and
variable objects, the equal area spherical mapping based
SPHARM correspondence is imperfect. For such objects, we
present here a novel group-wise correspondence. As an
example dataset, we use 12 second mandibular molars
representing 6 living or fossil euarchontan species. To
improve initial correspondence of the SPHARM-PDM
representation, we first apply a rigid transformation on
each subject using five well-known landmarks (molar cusps).
We further enhance the correspondence by optimizing
landmarks (local) and multidimensional geometric property
(global) over each subject with spherical harmonic
representation. The resulting average shape model better
captures sharp landmark representation in quantitative
evaluation as well as a nice separation of different species
compared with that of the SPHARM-PDM method.},
Doi = {10.1117/12.2293273},
Key = {fds336362}
}
@article{fds329751,
Author = {Seiffert, ER and Boyer, DM and Fleagle, JG and Gunnell, GF and Heesy,
CP and Perry, JMG and Sallam, HM},
Title = {New adapiform primate fossils from the late Eocene of
Egypt},
Journal = {Historical Biology},
Volume = {30},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {204-226},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2018},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2017.1306522},
Abstract = {Caenopithecine adapiform primates are currently represented
by two genera from the late Eocene of Egypt (Afradapis and
Aframonius) and one from the middle Eocene of Switzerland
(Caenopithecus). All are somewhat anthropoid-like in several
aspects of their dental and gnathic morphology, and are
inferred to have been highly folivorous. Here we describe a
new caenopithecine genus and species, Masradapis tahai, from
the ~37 million-year-old Locality BQ-2 in Egypt, that is
represented by mandibular and maxillary fragments and
isolated teeth. Masradapis is approximately the same size as
Aframonius but differs in having a more dramatic distal
increase in molar size, more complex upper molar shearing
crests, and an exceptionally deep mandibular corpus. We also
describe additional mandibles and part of the orbit and
rostrum of Aframonius which suggest that it was probably
diurnal. Phylogenetic analyses place Masradapis either as
the sister taxon of Aframonius (parsimony), or as the sister
taxon of Afradapis and Caenopithecus (Bayesian methods).
Bayesian tip-dating analysis, when combined with Bayesian
biogeographic analysis, suggests that a common ancestor of
known caenopithecines dispersed to Afro-Arabia from Europe
between 49.4 and 47.4 Ma, and that a trans-Tethyan
back-dispersal explains Caenopithecus’ later presence in
Europe. For Masradapis: https://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:41BC8459-7CCE-487F-BC59-1C34257D5C4E
For Masradapis tahai: https://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C0A620AD-6FCA-4649-A980-FCA237AFE39D.},
Doi = {10.1080/08912963.2017.1306522},
Key = {fds329751}
}
@article{fds333204,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Harrington, AR},
Title = {Scaling of bony canals for encephalic vessels in
euarchontans: Implications for the role of the vertebral
artery and brain metabolism.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {114},
Pages = {85-101},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.09.003},
Abstract = {Supplying the central nervous system with oxygen and glucose
for metabolic activities is a critical function for all
animals at physiologic, anatomical, and behavioral levels. A
relatively proximate challenge to nourishing the brain is
maintaining adequate blood flow. Euarchontans (primates,
dermopterans and treeshrews) display a diversity of
solutions to this challenge. Although the vertebral artery
is a major encephalic vessel, previous research has
questioned its importance for irrigating the cerebrum. This
presents a puzzling scenario for certain strepsirrhine
primates (non-cheirogaleid lemuriforms) that have reduced
promontorial branches of the internal carotid artery and no
apparent alternative encephalic vascular route except for
the vertebral artery. Here, we present results of
phylogenetic comparative analyses of data on the
cross-sectional area of bony canals that transmit the
vertebral artery (transverse foramina). These results show
that, across primates (and within major primate subgroups),
variation in the transverse foramina helps significantly to
explain variation in forebrain mass even when variation in
promontorial canal cross-sectional areas are also
considered. Furthermore, non-cheirogaleid lemuriforms have
larger transverse foramina for their endocranial volume than
other euarchontans, suggesting that the vertebral arteries
compensate for reduced promontorial artery size. We also
find that, among internal carotid-reliant euarchontans,
species that are more encephalized tend to have a
promontorial canal that is larger relative to the transverse
foramina. Tentatively, we consider the correlation between
arterial canal diameters (as a proxy for blood flow) and
brain metabolic demands. The results of this analysis imply
that human investment in brain metabolism (∼27% of basal
metabolic rate) may not be exceptional among
euarchontans.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.09.003},
Key = {fds333204}
}
@article{fds328891,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Toussaint, S and Godinot, M},
Title = {Postcrania of the most primitive euprimate and implications
for primate origins.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {111},
Pages = {202-215},
Year = {2017},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.07.005},
Abstract = {The fossil record of early primates is largely comprised of
dentitions. While teeth can indicate phylogenetic
relationships and dietary preferences, they say little about
hypotheses pertaining to the positional behavior or
substrate preference of the ancestral crown primate. Here we
report the discovery of a talus bone of the dentally
primitive fossil euprimate Donrussellia provincialis. Our
comparisons and analyses indicate that this talus is more
primitive than that of other euprimates. It lacks features
exclusive to strepsirrhines, like a large medial tibial
facet and a sloping fibular facet. It also lacks the
medially positioned flexor-fibularis groove of extant
haplorhines. In these respects, the talus of
D. provincialis comes surprisingly close to that of the
pen-tailed treeshrew, Ptilocercus lowii, and extinct
plesiadapiforms for which tali are known. However, it
differs from P. lowii and is more like other early
euprimates in exhibiting an expanded posterior trochlear
shelf and deep talar body. In overall form, the bone
approximates more leaping reliant euprimates. The
phylogenetically basal signal from the new fossil is
confirmed with cladistic analyses of two different character
matrices, which place D. provincialis as the most basal
strepsirrhine when the new tarsal data are included.
Interpreting our results in the context of other recent
discoveries, we conclude that the lineage leading to the
ancestral euprimate had already become somewhat leaping
specialized, while certain specializations for the small
branch niche came after crown primates began to
radiate.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.07.005},
Key = {fds328891}
}
@article{fds329752,
Author = {Vitek, NS and Manz, CL and Gao, T and Bloch, JI and Strait, SG and Boyer,
DM},
Title = {Semi-supervised determination of pseudocryptic morphotypes
using observer-free characterizations of anatomical
alignment and shape.},
Journal = {Ecology and evolution},
Volume = {7},
Number = {14},
Pages = {5041-5055},
Year = {2017},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3058},
Abstract = {Accurate, quantitative characterization of complex shapes is
recognized as a key methodological challenge in biology.
Recent development of automated three-dimensional geometric
morphometric protocols (auto3dgm) provides a promising set
of tools to help address this challenge. While auto3dgm has
been shown to be useful in characterizing variation across
clades of morphologically very distinct mammals, it has not
been adequately tested in more problematic cases where
pseudolandmark placement error potentially confounds
interpretation of true shape variation. Here, we tested the
sensitivity of auto3dgm to the degree of variation and
various parameterization settings using a simulation and
three microCT datasets that characterize mammal tooth crown
morphology as biological examples. The microCT datasets vary
in degree of apparent morphological differentiation, with
two that include grossly similar morphospecies and one that
includes two laboratory strains of a single species.
Resulting alignments are highly sensitive to the number of
pseudolandmarks used to quantify shapes. The degree to which
the surfaces were downsampled and the apparent degree of
morphological differentiation across the dataset also
influenced alignment repeatability. We show that previous
critiques of auto3dgm were based on poorly parameterized
alignments and suggest that sample-specific sensitivity
analyses should be added to any research protocol including
auto3dgm. Auto3dgm is a useful tool for studying samples
when pseudolandmark placement error is small relative to the
true differences between specimens. This method therefore
represents a promising avenue forward in morphometric
studies at a wide range of scales, from samples that differ
by a single genetic locus to samples that represent multiple
phylogenetically diverse clades.},
Doi = {10.1002/ece3.3058},
Key = {fds329752}
}
@article{fds329753,
Author = {Wallace, IJ and Winchester, JM and Su, A and Boyer, DM and Konow,
N},
Title = {Physical activity alters limb bone structure but not
entheseal morphology.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {107},
Pages = {14-18},
Year = {2017},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.02.001},
Abstract = {Studies of ancient human skeletal remains frequently proceed
from the assumption that individuals with robust limb bones
and/or rugose, hypertrophic entheses can be inferred to have
been highly physically active during life. Here, we
experimentally test this assumption by measuring the effects
of exercise on limb bone structure and entheseal morphology
in turkeys. Growing females were either treated with a
treadmill-running regimen for 10 weeks or served as
controls. After the experiment, femoral cortical and
trabecular bone structure were quantified with μCT in the
mid-diaphysis and distal epiphysis, respectively, and
entheseal morphology was quantified in the lateral
epicondyle. The results indicate that elevated levels of
physical activity affect limb bone structure but not
entheseal morphology. Specifically, animals subjected to
exercise displayed enhanced diaphyseal and trabecular bone
architecture relative to controls, but no significant
difference was detected between experimental groups in
entheseal surface topography. These findings suggest that
diaphyseal and trabecular structure are more reliable
proxies than entheseal morphology for inferring ancient
human physical activity levels from skeletal
remains.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.02.001},
Key = {fds329753}
}
@article{fds333205,
Author = {Yapuncich, GS and Seiffert, ER and Boyer, DM},
Title = {Quantification of the position and depth of the flexor
hallucis longus groove in euarchontans, with implications
for the evolution of primate positional behavior.},
Journal = {Am J Phys Anthropol},
Volume = {163},
Number = {2},
Pages = {367-406},
Year = {2017},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23213},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: On the talus, the position and depth of the
groove for the flexor hallucis longus tendon have been used
to infer phylogenetic affinities and positional behaviors of
fossil primates. This study quantifies aspects of the flexor
hallucis longus groove (FHLG) to test if: (1) a lateral FHLG
is a derived strepsirrhine feature, (2) a lateral FHLG
reflects inverted and abducted foot postures, and (3) a
deeper FHLG indicates a larger muscle. METHODS: We used
linear measurements of microCT-generated models from a
sample of euarchontans (n = 378 specimens, 125 species)
to quantify FHLG position and depth. Data are analyzed with
ANOVA, Ordinary and Phylogenetic Generalized Least Squares,
and Bayesian Ancestral State Reconstruction (ASR). RESULTS:
Extant strepsirrhines, adapiforms, plesiadapiforms,
dermopterans, and Ptilocercus exhibit lateral FHLGs. Extant
anthropoids, subfossil lemurs, and Tupaia have medial FHLGs.
FHLGs of omomyiforms and basal fossil anthropoids are
intermediate between those of strepsirrhines and extant
anthropoids. FHLG position has few correlations with pedal
inversion features. Relative FHLG depth is not significantly
correlated with body mass. ASRs support a directional model
for FHLG position and a random walk model for FHLG depth.
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of lateral FHLGs in many
non-euprimates suggests a lateral FHLG is not a derived
strepsirrhine feature. The lack of correlations with pedal
inversion features suggests a lateral FHLG is not a
sufficient indicator of strepsirrhine-like foot postures.
Instead, a lateral FHLG may reduce the risk of tendon
displacement in abducted foot postures on large diameter
supports. A deep FHLG does not indicate a larger muscle, but
likely reduces bowstringing during plantarflexion.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23213},
Key = {fds333205}
}
@article{fds329754,
Author = {Davies, TG and Rahman, IA and Lautenschlager, S and Cunningham, JA and Asher, RJ and Barrett, PM and Bates, KT and Bengtson, S and Benson, RBJ and Boyer, DM and Braga, J and Bright, JA and Claessens, LPAM and Cox, PG and Dong, X-P and Evans, AR and Falkingham, PL and Friedman, M and Garwood,
RJ and Goswami, A and Hutchinson, JR and Jeffery, NS and Johanson, Z and Lebrun, R and Martínez-Pérez, C and Marugán-Lobón, J and O'Higgins, PM and Metscher, B and Orliac, M and Rowe, TB and Rücklin,
M and Sánchez-Villagra, MR and Shubin, NH and Smith, SY and Starck, JM and Stringer, C and Summers, AP and Sutton, MD and Walsh, SA and Weisbecker,
V and Witmer, LM and Wroe, S and Yin, Z and Rayfield, EJ and Donoghue,
PCJ},
Title = {Open data and digital morphology.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {284},
Number = {1852},
Pages = {20170194},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0194},
Abstract = {Over the past two decades, the development of methods for
visualizing and analysing specimens digitally, in three and
even four dimensions, has transformed the study of living
and fossil organisms. However, the initial promise that the
widespread application of such methods would facilitate
access to the underlying digital data has not been fully
achieved. The underlying datasets for many published studies
are not readily or freely available, introducing a barrier
to verification and reproducibility, and the reuse of data.
There is no current agreement or policy on the amount and
type of data that should be made available alongside studies
that use, and in some cases are wholly reliant on, digital
morphology. Here, we propose a set of recommendations for
minimum standards and additional best practice for
three-dimensional digital data publication, and review the
issues around data storage, management and
accessibility.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2017.0194},
Key = {fds329754}
}
@article{fds329755,
Author = {Silcox, MT and Bloch, JI and Boyer, DM and Chester, SGB and López-Torres, S},
Title = {The evolutionary radiation of plesiadapiforms.},
Journal = {Evolutionary anthropology},
Volume = {26},
Number = {2},
Pages = {74-94},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.21526},
Abstract = {Very shortly after the disappearance of the non-avian
dinosaurs, the first mammals that had features similar to
those of primates started appearing. These first primitive
forms went on to spawn a rich diversity of plesiadapiforms,
often referred to as archaic primates. Like many living
primates, plesiadapiforms were small arboreal animals that
generally ate fruit, insects, and, occasionally, leaves.
However, this group lacked several diagnostic features of
euprimates. They also had extraordinarily diverse
specializations, represented in eleven families and more
than 140 species, which, in some cases, were like nothing
seen since in the primate order. Plesiadapiforms are known
from all three Northern continents, with representatives
that persisted until at least 37 million years ago. In this
article we provide a summary of the incredible diversity of
plesiadapiform morphology and adaptations, reviewing our
knowledge of all eleven families. We also discuss the
challenges that remain in our understanding of their ecology
and evolution.},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.21526},
Key = {fds329755}
}
@article{fds322190,
Author = {Pampush, JD and Winchester, JM and Morse, PE and Vining, AQ and Boyer,
DM and Kay, RF},
Title = {Introducing molaR: a New R Package for Quantitative
Topographic Analysis of Teeth (and Other Topographic
Surfaces)},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalian Evolution},
Volume = {23},
Number = {4},
Pages = {397-412},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2016},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10914-016-9326-0},
Abstract = {Researchers studying mammalian dentitions from functional
and adaptive perspectives increasingly have moved towards
using dental topography measures that can be estimated from
3D surface scans, which do not require identification of
specific homologous landmarks. Here we present molaR, a new
R package designed to assist researchers in calculating four
commonly used topographic measures: Dirichlet Normal Energy
(DNE), Relief Index (RFI), Orientation Patch Count (OPC),
and Orientation Patch Count Rotated (OPCR) from surface
scans of teeth, enabling a unified application of these
informative new metrics. In addition to providing
topographic measuring tools, molaR has complimentary
plotting functions enabling highly customizable
visualization of results. This article gives a detailed
description of the DNE measure, walks researchers through
installing, operating, and troubleshooting molaR and its
functions, and gives an example of a simple comparison that
measured teeth of the primates Alouatta and Pithecia in
molaR and other available software packages. molaR is a free
and open source software extension, which can be found at
the doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.3563.4961 (molaR v. 2.0) as well as
on the Internet repository CRAN, which stores R
packages.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10914-016-9326-0},
Key = {fds322190}
}
@article{fds322191,
Author = {Pampush, JD and Spradley, JP and Morse, PE and Harrington, AR and Allen,
KL and Boyer, DM and Kay, RF},
Title = {Wear and its effects on dental topography measures in
howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata).},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {161},
Number = {4},
Pages = {705-721},
Year = {2016},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23077},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Three dental topography measurements:
Dirichlet Normal Energy (DNE), Relief Index (RFI), and
Orientation Patch Count Rotated (OPCR) are examined for
their interaction with measures of wear, within and between
upper and lower molars in Alouatta palliata. Potential
inferences of the "dental sculpting" phenomenon are
explored.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>Fifteen occluding
pairs of howling monkey first molars (15 upper, 15 lower)
opportunistically collected from La Pacifica, Costa Rica,
were selected to sample wear stages ranging from unworn to
heavily worn as measured by the Dentine Exposure Ratio
(DER). DNE, RFI, and OPCR were measured from
three-dimensional surface reconstructions (PLY files)
derived from high-resolution CT scans. Relationships among
the variables were tested with regression
analyses.<h4>Results</h4>Upper molars have more cutting
edges, exhibiting significantly higher DNE, but have
significantly lower RFI values. However, the relationships
among the measures are concordant across both sets of
molars. DER and EDJL are curvilinearly related. DER is
positively correlated with DNE, negatively correlated with
RFI, and uncorrelated with OPCR. EDJL is not correlated with
DNE, or RFI, but is positively correlated with OPCR among
lower molars only.<h4>Discussion</h4>The relationships among
these metrics suggest that howling monkey teeth adaptively
engage macrowear. DNE increases with wear in this sample
presumably improving food breakdown. RFI is initially high
but declines with wear, suggesting that the initially high
RFI safeguards against dental senescence. OPCR values in
howling monkey teeth do not show a clear relationship with
wear changes.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23077},
Key = {fds322191}
}
@article{fds322920,
Author = {Fulwood, EL and Boyer, DM and Kay, RF},
Title = {Stem members of Platyrrhini are distinct from catarrhines in
at least one derived cranial feature.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {100},
Pages = {16-24},
Year = {2016},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.08.001},
Abstract = {The pterion, on the lateral aspect of the cranium, is where
the zygomatic, frontal, sphenoid, squamosal, and parietal
bones approach and contact. The configuration of these bones
distinguishes New and Old World anthropoids: most extant
platyrrhines exhibit contact between the parietal and
zygomatic bones, while all known catarrhines exhibit
frontal-alisphenoid contact. However, it is thought that
early stem-platyrrhines retained the apparently primitive
catarrhine condition. Here we re-evaluate the condition of
key fossil taxa using μCT (micro-computed tomography)
imaging. The single known specimen of Tremacebus and an
adult cranium of Antillothrix exhibit the typical
platyrrhine condition of parietal-zygomatic contact. The
same is true of one specimen of Homunculus, while a second
specimen has the 'catarrhine' condition. When these new data
are incorporated into an ancestral state reconstruction,
they support the conclusion that pterion frontal-alisphenoid
contact characterized the last common ancestor of crown
anthropoids and that contact between the parietal and
zygomatic is a synapomorphy of Platyrrhini.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.08.001},
Key = {fds322920}
}
@article{fds322921,
Author = {St Clair and EM and Boyer, DM},
Title = {Lower molar shape and size in prosimian and platyrrhine
primates.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {161},
Number = {2},
Pages = {237-258},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23021},
Abstract = {The goal of this research is to evaluate the relative
strength of the influences of diet, size, and phylogenetic
signal on dental geometric shape. Accurate comprehension of
these factors and their interaction is important for
reconstructing diet and deriving characters for a cladistic
analysis in fossil primates. Geometric morphometric analysis
is used to identify axes of shape variation in the lower
second molars of (a) prosimian primates and (b)
platyrrhines. Landmarks were placed on µCT-generated
surface renderings. Landmark configurations were aligned
using generalized Procrustes analysis. Principal components
analysis and phylogenetic principal components analysis
(pPCA) were performed on species average landmark
co-ordinates. pPCs were examined with phylogenetic
generalized least squares analysis for association with size
and with diet. PCs from both phylogenetic and
non-phylogenetic analyses were sufficient to separate
species by broad dietary categories, including insectivores
and folivores. In neither analysis was pPC1 correlated with
tooth size, but some other pPCs were significantly
correlated with size. The pattern of association between
pPCs and size altered when centroid size and dietary
variables were combined in the model; effects of diet
factors typically exceeded effects of size. These results
indicate a dominant phylogenetic and dietary signal in molar
shape but also show some shape change correlated with size
in the absence of obvious dietary associations. Geometric
morphometric analysis appears to be useful for tracking
functional traits in molars, particularly in tracking
differences between folivorous and insectivorous
species.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23021},
Key = {fds322921}
}
@article{fds322922,
Author = {Harrington, AR and Silcox, MT and Yapuncich, GS and Boyer, DM and Bloch,
JI},
Title = {First virtual endocasts of adapiform primates.},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Volume = {99},
Pages = {52-78},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.06.005},
Abstract = {Well-preserved crania of notharctine adapiforms from the
Eocene of North America provide the best direct evidence
available for inferring neuroanatomy and encephalization in
early euprimates (crown primates). Virtual endocasts of the
notharctines Notharctus tenebrosus (n = 3) and Smilodectes
gracilis (n = 4) from the middle Eocene Bridger formation
of Wyoming, and the late Eocene European adapid adapiform
Adapis parisiensis (n = 1), were reconstructed from
high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (CT) data. While
the three species share many neuroanatomical similarities
differentiating them from plesiadapiforms (stem primates)
and extant euprimates, our sample of N. tenebrosus displays
more variation than that of S. gracilis, possibly related
to differences in the patterns of cranial sexual dimorphism
or within-lineage evolution. Body masses predicted from
associated teeth suggest that N. tenebrosus was larger and
had a lower encephalization quotient (EQ) than S. gracilis,
despite their close relationship and similar inferred
ecologies. Meanwhile, body masses predicted from cranial
length of the same specimens suggest that the two species
were more similar, with overlapping body mass and EQ,
although S. gracilis exhibits a range of EQs shifted
upwards relative to that of N. tenebrosus. While associated
data from other parts of the skeleton are mostly lacking for
specimens included in this study, measurements for
unassociated postcrania attributed to these species yield
body mass and EQ estimates that are also more similar to
each other than those based on teeth. Regardless of the body
mass prediction method used, results suggest that the
average EQ of adapiforms was similar to that of
plesiadapiforms, only overlapped the lower quadrant for the
range of extant strepsirrhines, and did not overlap with the
range of extant haplorhines. However, structural changes
evident in these endocasts suggest that early euprimates
relied more on vision than olfaction relative to
plesiadapiforms, despite having relatively small endocranial
volumes compared to extant taxa.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.06.005},
Key = {fds322922}
}
@article{fds322192,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Kirk, EC and Silcox, MT and Gunnell, GF and Gilbert, CC and Yapuncich, GS and Allen, KL and Welch, E and Bloch, JI and Gonzales, LA and Kay, RF and Seiffert, ER},
Title = {Internal carotid arterial canal size and scaling in
Euarchonta: Re-assessing implications for arterial patency
and phylogenetic relationships in early fossil
primates.},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Volume = {97},
Pages = {123-144},
Year = {2016},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.06.002},
Abstract = {Primate species typically differ from other mammals in
having bony canals that enclose the branches of the internal
carotid artery (ICA) as they pass through the middle ear.
The presence and relative size of these canals varies among
major primate clades. As a result, differences in the
anatomy of the canals for the promontorial and stapedial
branches of the ICA have been cited as evidence of either
haplorhine or strepsirrhine affinities among otherwise
enigmatic early fossil euprimates. Here we use micro X-ray
computed tomography to compile the largest quantitative
dataset on ICA canal sizes. The data suggest greater
variation of the ICA canals within some groups than has been
previously appreciated. For example, Lepilemur and Avahi
differ from most other lemuriforms in having a larger
promontorial canal than stapedial canal. Furthermore,
various lemurids are intraspecifically variable in relative
canal size, with the promontorial canal being larger than
the stapedial canal in some individuals but not others. In
species where the promontorial artery supplies the brain
with blood, the size of the promontorial canal is
significantly correlated with endocranial volume (ECV).
Among species with alternate routes of encephalic blood
supply, the promontorial canal is highly reduced relative to
ECV, and correlated with both ECV and cranium size.
Ancestral state reconstructions incorporating data from
fossils suggest that the last common ancestor of living
primates had promontorial and stapedial canals that were
similar to each other in size and large relative to ECV. We
conclude that the plesiomorphic condition for crown primates
is to have a patent promontorial artery supplying the brain
and a patent stapedial artery for various non-encephalic
structures. This inferred ancestral condition is exhibited
by treeshrews and most early fossil euprimates, while extant
primates exhibit reduction in one canal or another. The only
early fossils deviating from this plesiomorphic condition
are Adapis parisiensis with a reduced promontorial canal,
and Rooneyia and Mahgarita with reduced stapedial
canals.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.06.002},
Key = {fds322192}
}
@article{fds322923,
Author = {Prufrock, KA and López-Torres, S and Silcox, MT and Boyer,
DM},
Title = {Surfaces and spaces: Troubleshooting the study of dietary
niche space overlap between North American stem primates and
rodents},
Journal = {Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties},
Volume = {4},
Number = {2},
Pages = {024005-024005},
Publisher = {IOP Publishing},
Year = {2016},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2051-672X/4/2/024005},
Abstract = {Dental topographic metrics provide quantitative,
biologically meaningful data on the threedimensional (3D)
form of teeth. In this study, three dental topographic
metrics (Dirichlet normal energy (DNE), relief index (RFI),
and orientation patch count rotated (OPCR)) are used to
evaluate the presence of dietary niche overlap between North
American plesiadapoid primates (Plesiadapidae,
Carpolestidae, and Saxonellidae) and early rodents.
Calculation of these metrics requires researchers to modify
the 3D surface models of the teeth by cropping them to a
region of interest and/or orienting them. The current study
therefore also examines the error introduced by cropping and
orientation, and evaluates the contribution of these metrics
to the niche overlap hypothesis. Our results indicate that
cropping creates significantly more variation in RFI than
DNE. Furthermore, orientation is an even larger source of
variation in the calculation of RFI than cropping.
Orientation does not strongly influence OPCR values.
However, none of these sources of error are significant
enough to undermine the extent to which these metrics can
speak to the niche overlap hypothesis. TheDNEand RFI results
suggest that carpolestids and saxonellids had very different
molar morphologies from early rodents, and thus these groups
were not adapted to consume the same resources. Some
plesiadapids show similar levels of occlusal curvature,
relief, and complexity to early rodents. The plesiadapid
Chiromyoides, which has distinctively low cusps and weak
shearing crest development, has molars that are the most
rodent-like of all taxa compared. This suggests that
Chiromyoides had a dietary niche that overlapped with early
rodents and would have been the most likely to be competing
over food resources. Results from the plesiadapoid-rodent
dental topographic analysis highlight the utility of DNEfor
detecting more fine-scaled differences in occlusal surface
morphology than OPCR, whereas RFI provided valuable data on
the degree to which teeth were high crowned.},
Doi = {10.1088/2051-672X/4/2/024005},
Key = {fds322923}
}
@article{fds333206,
Author = {Prufrock, KA and Boyer, DM and Silcox, MT},
Title = {The first major primate extinction: An evaluation of
paleoecological dynamics of North American stem primates
using a homology free measure of tooth shape.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {159},
Number = {4},
Pages = {683-697},
Year = {2016},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22927},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>The disappearance of the North American
plesiadapoids (stem primates, or plesiadapiforms) in the
latest Paleocene has been attributed to competition with
rodents over dietary resources. This study compares molar
morphology of plesiadapoids and early rodents to assess
whether all taxa were adapted to consuming foods of the same
structural properties with similar mechanical
efficacy.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>Micro-CT scans of
second mandibular molars (M2 s) of plesiadapoids
(n = 181) and ischyromyid (early fossil) rodents
(n = 13) were evaluated using Dirichlet normal energy
(DNE), a dental topographic metric that quantifies the
curvature of a tooth's occlusal surface, independent of the
orientation of the occlusal plane; this metric can be used
to infer diet.<h4>Results</h4>Comparisons of DNE values for
plesiadapoids and rodents show that rodents shared
functionally similar dental morphology with at least some
plesiadapid plesiadapoids and thus were likely adapted to
processing foods with similar physical properties. However,
the DNE values for rodents contrast markedly with those for
the other two plesiadapoid families, the Carpolestidae and
Saxonellidae.<h4>Conclusions</h4>It is unlikely that direct
competition over food resources with rodents played a major
role in the extinction of carpolestids and saxonellids, as
members of these families were capable of consuming a range
of foods that were not accessible to rodents. Although
several plesiadapid species overlap with rodents in their
range of DNE values, only three overlap in time. One of
these (Plesiadapis cookei) may have been too large to be in
direct competition with rodents, another (Plesiadapis
dubius) has DNE values substantially different (higher) than
those of rodents, whereas the third, Chiromyoides, has teeth
of both a similar size and DNE value to those of
Clarkforkian rodents. If dietary niche overlap with rodents
played a direct role in the decline of plesiadapiforms, it
can only have potentially done so for Chiromyoides.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22927},
Key = {fds333206}
}
@article{fds329756,
Author = {Copes, LE and Lucas, LM and Thostenson, JO and Hoekstra, HE and Boyer,
DM},
Title = {A collection of non-human primate computed tomography scans
housed in MorphoSource, a repository for 3D
data.},
Journal = {Scientific data},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {160001},
Year = {2016},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.1},
Abstract = {A dataset of high-resolution microCT scans of primate skulls
(crania and mandibles) and certain postcranial elements was
collected to address questions about primate skull
morphology. The sample consists of 489 scans taken from 431
specimens, representing 59 species of most Primate families.
These data have transformative reuse potential as such
datasets are necessary for conducting high power research
into primate evolution, but require significant time and
funding to collect. Similar datasets were previously only
available to select research groups across the world. The
physical specimens are vouchered at Harvard's Museum of
Comparative Zoology. The data collection took place at the
Center for Nanoscale Systems at Harvard. The dataset is
archived on MorphoSource.org. Though this is the largest
high fidelity comparative dataset yet available, its
provisioning on a web archive that allows unlimited
researcher contributions promises a future with vastly
increased digital collections available at researchers'
finger tips.},
Doi = {10.1038/sdata.2016.1},
Key = {fds329756}
}
@article{fds322924,
Author = {Marigó, J and Roig, I and Seiffert, ER and Moyà-Solà, S and Boyer,
DM},
Title = {Astragalar and calcaneal morphology of the middle Eocene
primate Anchomomys frontanyensis (Anchomomyini):
Implications for early primate evolution.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {91},
Pages = {122-143},
Year = {2016},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.08.011},
Abstract = {Astragali and calcanei of Anchomomys frontanyensis, a small
adapiform from the middle Eocene of Sant Jaume de Frontanyà
(Southern Pyrenean basins, northeastern Spain) are described
in detail. Though these bones have been known for some time,
they have never been carefully analyzed in a context that is
comprehensively comparative, quantitative, considers sample
variation (astragalus n = 4; calcaneus n = 16), and assesses
the phylogenetic significance of the material in an explicit
cladistic context, as we do here. Though these bones are
isolated, regression analyses provide the first formal
statistical support for attribution to A. frontanyensis. The
astragalus presents features similar to those of the small
stem strepsirrhine Djebelemur from the middle Eocene of
Tunisia, while the calcaneus more closely resembles those of
the basal omomyiform Teilhardina. The new phylogenetic
analyses that include Anchomomys' postcranial and dental
data recover anchomomyins outside of the adapiform clade,
and closer to djebelemurids, azibiids, and crown
strepsirrhines. The small size of A. frontanyensis allows
comparison of similarly small adapiforms and omomyiforms
(haplorhines) such that observed variation has more
straightforward implications for function. Previous studies
have demonstrated that distal calcaneal elongation is
reflective of leaping proclivity when effects of body mass
are appropriately accounted for; in this context, A.
frontanyensis has calcaneal elongation suggesting a higher
degree of leaping specialization than other adapiforms and
even some early omomyiforms. Moreover, comparison to a
similarly-sized early adapiform from India, Marcgodinotius
(which shows no calcaneal elongation) confirms that high
distal calcaneal elongation in A. frontanyensis cannot be
simply explained by allometric effects of small size
compared to larger adapiform taxa. This pattern is
consistent with the idea that significant distal calcaneal
elongation evolved at least twice in early euprimates, and
that early primate niche space frequently included demands
for increased leaping specialization.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.08.011},
Key = {fds322924}
}
@article{fds239783,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Winchester, JM and Glynn, C and Puente,
J},
Title = {Detailed Anatomical Orientations for Certain Types of
Morphometric Measurements Can Be Determined Automatically
With Geometric Algorithms.},
Journal = {Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)},
Volume = {298},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1816-1823},
Year = {2015},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1932-8486},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.23202},
Abstract = {Morphometric datasets only convey useful information about
variation when measurement landmarks and relevant anatomical
axes are clearly defined. We propose that anatomical axes of
3D digital models of bones can be standardized prior to
measurement using an algorithm that automatically finds a
universal geometric alignment among sampled bones. As a case
study, we use teeth of "prosimian" primates. In this sample,
equivalent occlusal planes are determined automatically
using the R-package auto3dgm. The area of projection into
the occlusal plane for each tooth is the measurement of
interest. This area is used in computation of a shape metric
called relief index (RFI), the natural log of the square
root of crown area divided by the square root of occlusal
plane projection area. We compare mean and variance
parameters of area and RFI values computed from these
automatically orientated tooth models with values computed
from manually orientated tooth models. According to our
results, the manual and automated approaches yield extremely
similar mean and variance parameters. The only differences
that plausibly modify interpretations of biological meaning
slightly favor the automated treatment because a greater
proportion of differences among subsamples in the automated
treatment are correlated with dietary differences. We
conclude that-at least for dental topographic
metrics-automated alignment recovers a variance pattern that
has meaning similar to previously published datasets based
on manual data collection. Therefore, future applications of
dental topography can take advantage of automatic alignment
to increase objectivity and repeatability.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.23202},
Key = {fds239783}
}
@article{fds322925,
Author = {Patel, BA and Wallace, IJ and Boyer, DM and Granatosky, MC and Larson,
SG and Stern, JT},
Title = {Distinct functional roles of primate grasping hands and feet
during arboreal quadrupedal locomotion.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {88},
Pages = {79-84},
Year = {2015},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.09.004},
Abstract = {It has long been thought that quadrupedal primates
successfully occupy arboreal environments, in part, by
relying on their grasping feet to control balance and
propulsion, which frees their hands to test unstable
branches and forage. If this interlimb decoupling of
function is real, there should be discernible differences in
forelimb versus hind limb musculoskeletal control,
specifically in how manual and pedal digital flexor muscles
are recruited to grasp during arboreal locomotion. New
electromyography data from extrinsic flexor muscles in red
ruffed lemurs (Varecia rubra) walking on a simulated
arboreal substrate reveal that toe flexors are activated at
relatively higher levels and for longer durations than
finger flexors during stance phase. This demonstrates that
the extremities of primates indeed have different functional
roles during arboreal locomotion, with the feet emphasizing
maintenance of secure grips. When this dichotomous muscle
activity pattern between the forelimbs and hind limbs is
coupled with other features of primate quadrupedal
locomotion, including greater hind limb weight support and
the use of diagonal-sequence footfall patterns, a complex
suite of biomechanical characters emerges in primates that
allow for the co-option of hands toward non-locomotor roles.
Early selection for limb functional differentiation in
primates probably aided the evolution of fine manipulation
capabilities in the hands of bipedal humans.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.09.004},
Key = {fds322925}
}
@article{fds239784,
Author = {Yapuncich, GS and Gladman, JT and Boyer, DM},
Title = {Predicting euarchontan body mass: A comparison of tarsal and
dental variables.},
Journal = {Am J Phys Anthropol},
Volume = {157},
Number = {3},
Pages = {472-506},
Year = {2015},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22735},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Multiple meaningful ecological characterizations
of a species revolve around body mass. Because body mass
cannot be directly measured in extinct taxa, reliable body
mass predictors are needed. Many published body mass
prediction equations rely on dental dimensions, but certain
skeletal dimensions may have a more direct and consistent
relationship with body mass. We seek to evaluate the
reliability of prediction equations for inferring
euarchontan body mass based on measurements of the articular
facet areas of the astragalus and calcaneus. METHODS:
Surface areas of five astragalar facets (n = 217 specimens)
and two calcaneal facets (n = 163) were measured. Separate
ordinary least squares and multiple regression equations are
presented for different levels of taxonomic inclusivity, and
the reliability of each equation is evaluated with the
coefficient of determination, standard error of the
estimate, mean prediction error, and the prediction sum of
squares statistic. We compare prediction errors to published
prediction equations that utilize dental and/or tarsal
measures. Finally, we examine the effects of taxonomically
specific regressions and apply our equations to a diverse
set of non-primates. RESULTS: Our results reveal that
predictions based on facet areas are more reliable than most
linear dental or tarsal predictors. Multivariate approaches
are often better than univariate methods, but require more
information (making them less useful for fragmentary
fossils). While some taxonomically specific regressions
improve predictive ability, this is not true for all primate
groups. CONCLUSIONS: Among individual facets, the ectal and
fibular facets of the astragalus and the calcaneal cuboid
facet are the best body mass predictors. Since these facets
have primarily concave curvature and scale with positive
allometry relative to body mass, it appears that candidate
skeletal proxies for body mass can be identified based on
their curvature and scaling coefficients.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22735},
Key = {fds239784}
}
@article{fds239786,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Yapuncich, GS and Butler, JE and Dunn, RH and Seiffert,
ER},
Title = {Evolution of postural diversity in primates as reflected by
the size and shape of the medial tibial facet of the
talus.},
Journal = {Am J Phys Anthropol},
Volume = {157},
Number = {1},
Pages = {134-177},
Year = {2015},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22702},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Comprehensive quantification of the shape and
proportions of the medial tibial facet (MTF) of the talus
(=astragalus) has been lacking for Primates and their
closest relatives. In this study, aspects of MTF form were
quantified and employed to test hypotheses about their
functional and phylogenetic significance. The following
hypotheses influence perceptions of primate evolutionary
history but are due for more rigorous assessment: 1) A
relatively large MTF distinguishes "prosimians"
(strepsirrhines and tarsiers) from anthropoids and
non-primate euarchontans; 2) the distinctive form of the
"prosimian" MTF is a correlate of locomotor tendencies that
emphasize use of vertical and small diameter supports in
conjunction with inverted, abducted foot postures; and 3)
the "prosimian" MTF form arose along the primate stem
lineage and was present in the euprimate common ancestor.
METHODS: Three-dimensional (3D) scanning was used to create
scale digital models of tali (n = 378 specimens, 122
species) from which three types of variables capturing
aspects of MTF form were computed: 1) MTF area relative to
body mass and ectal facet area; 2) MTF shape (elliptical vs.
non-elliptical); and 3) MTF dorsal restriction on the talar
body (i.e., extensive vs. minimal exposure of non-articular
area). Data were analyzed using both phylogenetic and
traditional comparative methods including Phylogenetic
Generalized Least Squares, Ordinary Least Squares, ANCOVA,
ANOVA, and Bayesian Ancestral State Reconstruction (ASR).
RESULTS: Extant "prosimians" are generally distinct from
anthropoids and non-primate euarchontans in our quantitative
representations of MTF form. MTF area (but not shape or
dorsal restriction) correlates with fibular facet angle
(FFa) of the talus, which has also been argued to reflect
habitual pedal inversion. Among strepsirrhines, taxa that
engage in grasp-leaping more frequently/effectively appear
to have a relatively larger MTF than less acrobatic taxa.
Directional models of evolutionary change better describe
the phylogenetic distribution of MTF variation than do other
models. ASR shows 1) little change in the MTF along the
primate stem, 2) independent evolution of relatively large
and dorsoplantarly deep MTFs in basal haplorhines and
strepsirrhines, and 3) re-evolution of morphologies similar
to non-euprimates in anthropoids. CONCLUSIONS: Results
support the hypothesis that differences in MTF form between
anthropoids and "prosimians" reflect greater use of inverted
foot postures and grasp-leaping in the latter group.
Although fossil "prosimians" do not have the extreme MTF
dimensions that characterize many extant acrobatic leapers,
these variables by themselves provide little additional
behavioral resolution at the level of individual fossils due
to strong phylogenetic signal. ASR suggests that some
specialization for use of inverted foot postures (as
required in a fine-branch niche) and modifications for
grasp-leaping evolved independently in basal strepsirrhine
and haplorhine lineages.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22702},
Key = {fds239786}
}
@article{fds322193,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Winchester, J and Kay, RF},
Title = {Erratum: The effect of differences in methodology among some
recent applications of shearing quotients (American Journal
of Physical Anthropology (2015) 156 (166-178))},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {157},
Number = {1},
Pages = {178},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2015},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22746},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22746},
Key = {fds322193}
}
@article{fds239785,
Author = {Goodenberger, KE and Boyer, DM and Orr, CM and Jacobs, RL and Femiani,
JC and Patel, BA},
Title = {Functional morphology of the hallucal metatarsal with
implications for inferring grasping ability in extinct
primates.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {156},
Number = {3},
Pages = {327-348},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22652},
Abstract = {Primate evolutionary morphologists have argued that
selection for life in a fine branch niche resulted in
grasping specializations that are reflected in the hallucal
metatarsal (Mt1) morphology of extant "prosimians", while a
transition to use of relatively larger, horizontal
substrates explains the apparent loss of such characters in
anthropoids. Accordingly, these morphological characters-Mt1
torsion, peroneal process length and thickness, and
physiological abduction angle-have been used to reconstruct
grasping ability and locomotor mode in the earliest fossil
primates. Although these characters are prominently featured
in debates on the origin and subsequent radiation of
Primates, questions remain about their functional
significance. This study examines the relationship between
these morphological characters of the Mt1 and a novel metric
of pedal grasping ability for a large number of extant taxa
in a phylogenetic framework. Results indicate greater Mt1
torsion in taxa that engage in hallucal grasping and in
those that utilize relatively small substrates more
frequently. This study provides evidence that Carpolestes
simpsoni has a torsion value more similar to grasping
primates than to any scandentian. The results also show that
taxa that habitually grasp vertical substrates are
distinguished from other taxa in having relatively longer
peroneal processes. Furthermore, a longer peroneal process
is also correlated with calcaneal elongation, a metric
previously found to reflect leaping proclivity. A more
refined understanding of the functional associations between
Mt1 morphology and behavior in extant primates enhances the
potential for using these morphological characters to
comprehend primate (locomotor) evolution.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22652},
Key = {fds239785}
}
@article{fds239787,
Author = {Chester, SGB and Bloch, JI and Boyer, DM and Clemens,
WA},
Title = {Oldest known euarchontan tarsals and affinities of Paleocene
Purgatorius to Primates.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {112},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1487-1492},
Year = {2015},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421707112},
Abstract = {Earliest Paleocene Purgatorius often is regarded as the
geologically oldest primate, but it has been known only from
fossilized dentitions since it was first described half a
century ago. The dentition of Purgatorius is more primitive
than those of all known living and fossil primates, leading
some researchers to suggest that it lies near the ancestry
of all other primates; however, others have questioned its
affinities to primates or even to placental mammals. Here we
report the first (to our knowledge) nondental remains
(tarsal bones) attributed to Purgatorius from the same
earliest Paleocene deposits that have yielded numerous
fossil dentitions of this poorly known mammal. Three
independent phylogenetic analyses that incorporate new data
from these fossils support primate affinities of Purgatorius
among euarchontan mammals (primates, treeshrews, and
colugos). Astragali and calcanei attributed to Purgatorius
indicate a mobile ankle typical of arboreal euarchontan
mammals generally and of Paleocene and Eocene
plesiadapiforms specifically and provide the earliest fossil
evidence of arboreality in primates and other euarchontan
mammals. Postcranial specializations for arboreality in the
earliest primates likely played a key role in the
evolutionary success of this mammalian radiation in the
Paleocene.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1421707112},
Key = {fds239787}
}
@article{fds239788,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Puente, J and Gladman, JT and Glynn, C and Mukherjee, S and Yapuncich, GS and Daubechies, I},
Title = {A new fully automated approach for aligning and comparing
shapes.},
Journal = {Anat Rec (Hoboken)},
Volume = {298},
Number = {1},
Pages = {249-276},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1932-8486},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.23084},
Abstract = {Three-dimensional geometric morphometric (3DGM) methods for
placing landmarks on digitized bones have become
increasingly sophisticated in the last 20 years, including
greater degrees of automation. One aspect shared by all 3DGM
methods is that the researcher must designate initial
landmarks. Thus, researcher interpretations of homology and
correspondence are required for and influence
representations of shape. We present an algorithm allowing
fully automatic placement of correspondence points on
samples of 3D digital models representing bones of different
individuals/species, which can then be input into standard
3DGM software and analyzed with dimension reduction
techniques. We test this algorithm against several samples,
primarily a dataset of 106 primate calcanei represented by
1,024 correspondence points per bone. Results of our
automated analysis of these samples are compared to a
published study using a traditional 3DGM approach with 27
landmarks on each bone. Data were analyzed with
morphologika(2.5) and PAST. Our analyses returned strong
correlations between principal component scores, similar
variance partitioning among components, and similarities
between the shape spaces generated by the automatic and
traditional methods. While cluster analyses of both
automatically generated and traditional datasets produced
broadly similar patterns, there were also differences.
Overall these results suggest to us that automatic
quantifications can lead to shape spaces that are as
meaningful as those based on observer landmarks, thereby
presenting potential to save time in data collection,
increase completeness of morphological quantification,
eliminate observer error, and allow comparisons of shape
diversity between different types of bones. We provide an R
package for implementing this analysis.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.23084},
Key = {fds239788}
}
@article{fds239789,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Winchester, J and Kay, RF},
Title = {The effect of differences in methodology among some recent
applications of shearing quotients.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {156},
Number = {1},
Pages = {166-178},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9221 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {A shearing quotient (SQ) is a way of quantitatively
representing the Phase I shearing edges on a molar tooth.
Ordinary or phylogenetic least squares regression is fit to
data on log molar length (independent variable) and log sum
of measured shearing crests (dependent variable). The
derived linear equation is used to generate an 'expected'
shearing crest length from molar length of included
individuals or taxa. Following conversion of all variables
to real space, the expected value is subtracted from the
observed value for each individual or taxon. The result is
then divided by the expected value and multiplied by 100.
SQs have long been the metric of choice for assessing
dietary adaptations in fossil primates. Not all studies
using SQ have used the same tooth position or crests, nor
have all computed regression equations using the same
approach. Here we focus on re-analyzing the data of one
recent study to investigate the magnitude of effects of
variation in 1) shearing crest inclusion, and 2) details of
the regression setup. We assess the significance of these
effects by the degree to which they improve or degrade the
association between computed SQs and diet categories. Though
altering regression parameters for SQ calculation has a
visible effect on plots, numerous iterations of statistical
analyses vary surprisingly little in the success of the
resulting variables for assigning taxa to dietary
preference. This is promising for the comparability of
patterns (if not casewise values) in SQ between studies. We
suggest that differences in apparent dietary fidelity of
recent studies are attributable principally to tooth
position examined.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22619},
Key = {fds239789}
}
@article{fds290830,
Author = {Seiffert, ER and Costeur, L and Boyer, DM},
Title = {Primate tarsal bones from Egerkingen, Switzerland,
attributable to the middle Eocene adapiform Caenopithecus
lemuroides.},
Journal = {PeerJ},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {e1036},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1036},
Abstract = {The middle Eocene species Caenopithecus lemuroides, known
solely from the Egerkingen fissure fillings in Switzerland,
was the first Paleogene fossil primate to be correctly
identified as such (by Ludwig Rütimeyer in 1862), but has
long been represented only by fragmentary mandibular and
maxillary remains. More recent discoveries of adapiform
fossils in other parts of the world have revealed
Caenopithecus to be a biogeographic enigma, as it is
potentially more closely related to Eocene adapiforms from
Africa, Asia, and North America than it is to any known
European forms. More anatomical evidence is needed, however,
to provide robust tests of such phylogenetic hypotheses.
Here we describe and analyze the first postcranial remains
that can be attributed to C. lemuroides-an astragalus and
three calcanei held in the collections of the
Naturhistorisches Museum Basel that were likely recovered
from Egerkingen over a century ago. Qualitative and
multivariate morphometric analyses of these elements suggest
that C. lemuroides was even more loris-like than European
adapines such as Adapis and Leptadapis, and was not simply
an adapine with an aberrant dentition. The astragalus of
Caenopithecus is similar to that of younger Afradapis from
the late Eocene of Egypt, and parsimony and Bayesian
phylogenetic analyses that include the new tarsal data
strongly support the placement of Afradapis and
Caenopithecus as sister taxa to the exclusion of all other
known adapiforms, thus implying that dispersal between
Europe and Africa occurred during the middle Eocene. The new
tarsal evidence, combined with previously known craniodental
fossils, allows us to reconstruct C. lemuroides as having
been an arboreal and highly folivorous 1.5-2.5 kg primate
that likely moved slowly and deliberately with little or no
capacity for acrobatic leaping, presumably maintaining
consistent powerful grasps on branches in both above-branch
and inverted postures.},
Doi = {10.7717/peerj.1036},
Key = {fds290830}
}
@misc{fds290829,
Author = {Silcox, MT and Sargis, EJ and Bloch, JI and Boyer,
DM},
Title = {Primate origins and supraordinal relationships:
Morphological evidence},
Pages = {1053-1081},
Booktitle = {Handbook of Paleoanthropology, Second Edition},
Publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9783642399787},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39979-4_36},
Abstract = {There are five major scenarios that have been advanced to
account for the early events in the origination of the order
Primates: a transition from terrestriality to arboreality,
the adoption of a grasp-leaping mode of locomotion, the
evolution of features for visual predation, an adaptation to
terminal branch feeding occurring during angiosperm
diversification, or a combination involving terminal branch
feeding followed by visual predation. These hypotheses are
assessed using both neontological and fossil data. Of the
five scenarios, the angiosperm diversification hypothesis is
not contradicted by modern data and is found to be the most
consistent with the fossil record. In particular, the
evolution of features for manual grasping and dental
processing of fruit in the earliest primates (primitive
plesiadapiforms), and the subsequent development of features
for better grasping and more intense frugivory in the common
ancestor of Euprimates and Plesiadapoidea, is consistent
with a close relationship between early primate and
angiosperm evolution. All the other scenarios are less
consistent with the pattern of trait acquisition through
time observed in the fossil record. Consideration of
non-euprimates (e.g., scandentians and plesiadapiforms) is
found to be essential to viewing primate origins as a series
of incremental steps rather than as an event.},
Doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-39979-4_36},
Key = {fds290829}
}
@article{fds346281,
Author = {Turner, K and Mukherjee, S and Boyer, DM},
Title = {Persistent homology transform for modeling shapes and
surfaces},
Journal = {Information and Inference},
Volume = {3},
Number = {4},
Pages = {310-344},
Year = {2014},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imaiai/iau011},
Abstract = {We introduce a statistic, the persistent homology transform
(PHT), to model surfaces in R3 and shapes in R2. This
statistic is a collection of persistence diagrams-multiscale
topological summaries used extensively in topological data
analysis. We use the PHT to represent shapes and execute
operations such as computing distances between shapes or
classifying shapes. We provide a constructive proof that the
map from the space of simplicial complexes in R3 into the
space spanned by this statistic is injective. This implies
that we can use it to determine a metric on the space of
piecewise linear shapes. Stability results justify that we
can approximate this metric using finitely many persistence
diagrams. We illustrate the utility of this statistic on
simulated and real data.},
Doi = {10.1093/imaiai/iau011},
Key = {fds346281}
}
@article{fds239790,
Author = {Granatosky, MC and Miller, CE and Boyer, DM and Schmitt,
D},
Title = {Lumbar vertebral morphology of flying, gliding, and
suspensory mammals: implications for the locomotor behavior
of the subfossil lemurs Palaeopropithecus and
Babakotia.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {75},
Pages = {40-52},
Year = {2014},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.06.011},
Abstract = {Lumbar vertebral morphology has been used as an indicator of
locomotor behavior in living and fossil mammals. Rigidity
within the lumbar region is thought to be important for
increasing overall axial rigidity during various forms of
locomotion, including bridging between supports, inverted
quadrupedalism, gliding, and flying. However, distinguishing
between those behaviors using bony features has been
challenging. This study used osteological characters of the
lumbar vertebrae to attempt to develop fine-grade functional
distinctions among different mammalian species in order to
make more complete inferences about how the axial skeleton
affects locomotor behavior in extant mammals. These same
lumbar characters were measured in two extinct species for
which locomotor behaviors are well known, the sloth lemurs
(Palaeopropithecus and Babakotia radofilai), in order to
further evaluate their locomotor behaviors. Results from a
principal components analysis of seven measurements,
determined to be functionally significant from previous
studies, demonstrate that inverted quadrupeds in the sample
are characterized by dorsoventrally short and
cranio-caudally expanded spinous processes, dorsally
oriented transverse processes, and mediolaterally short and
dorsoventrally high vertebral bodies compared with mammals
that are relatively pronograde, vertical clingers, or
gliders. Antipronograde mammals, dermopterans, and
chiropterans also exhibit these traits, but not to the same
extent as the inverted quadrupeds. In accordance with
previous studies, our data show that the sloth lemur
B. radofilai groups closely with antipronograde mammals
like lorises, while Palaeopropithecus groups with extant
sloths. These findings suggest that Palaeopropithecus was
engaged in inverted quadrupedalism at a high frequency,
while B. radofilai may have engaged in a more diverse array
of locomotor and positional behaviors. The osteological
features used here reflect differences in lumbar mobility
and suggest that axial rigidity is advantageous for
suspensory locomotion and possibly flight in
bats.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.06.011},
Key = {fds239790}
}
@article{fds239791,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Yapuncich, GS and Chester, SGB and Bloch, JI and Godinot,
M},
Title = {Erratum: Hands of Early Primates (American Journal of
Physical Anthropology (2013) 152(33-78) DOI:
10.1002/ajpa.22392)},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {153},
Number = {3},
Pages = {512},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22483},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22483},
Key = {fds239791}
}
@article{fds239800,
Author = {Yapuncich, GS and Boyer, DM},
Title = {Interspecific scaling patterns of talar articular surfaces
within primates and their closest living
relatives.},
Journal = {J Anat},
Volume = {224},
Number = {2},
Pages = {150-172},
Year = {2014},
Month = {February},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24219027},
Abstract = {The articular facets of interosseous joints must transmit
forces while maintaining relatively low stresses. To prevent
overloading, joints that transmit higher forces should
therefore have larger facet areas. The relative
contributions of body mass and muscle-induced forces to
joint stress are unclear, but generate opposing hypotheses.
If mass-induced forces dominate, facet area should scale
with positive allometry to body mass. Alternatively,
muscle-induced forces should cause facets to scale
isometrically with body mass. Within primates, both scaling
patterns have been reported for articular surfaces of the
femoral and humeral heads, but more distal elements are less
well studied. Additionally, examination of complex articular
surfaces has largely been limited to linear measurements, so
that 'true area' remains poorly assessed. To re-assess these
scaling relationships, we examine the relationship between
body size and articular surface areas of the talus. Area
measurements were taken from microCT scan-generated surfaces
of all talar facets from a comprehensive sample of extant
euarchontan taxa (primates, treeshrews, and colugos).
Log-transformed data were regressed on literature-derived
log-body mass using reduced major axis and phylogenetic
least squares regressions. We examine the scaling patterns
of muscle mass and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA)
to body mass, as these relationships may complicate each
model. Finally, we examine the scaling pattern of hindlimb
muscle PCSA to talar articular surface area, a direct test
of the effect of mass-induced forces on joint surfaces.
Among most groups, there is an overall trend toward positive
allometry for articular surfaces. The ectal (= posterior
calcaneal) facet scales with positive allometry among all
groups except 'sundatherians', strepsirrhines, galagids, and
lorisids. The medial tibial facet scales isometrically among
all groups except lemuroids. Scaling coefficients are not
correlated with sample size, clade inclusivity or behavioral
diversity of the sample. Muscle mass scales with slight
positive allometry to body mass, and PCSA scales at isometry
to body mass. PCSA generally scales with negative allometry
to articular surface area, which indicates joint surfaces
increase faster than muscles' ability to generate force. We
suggest a synthetic model to explain the complex patterns
observed for talar articular surface area scaling: whether
'muscles or mass' drive articular facet scaling is probably
dependent on the body size range of the sample and the
biological role of the facet. The relationship between
'muscle vs. mass' dominance is likely bone- and
facet-specific, meaning that some facets should respond
primarily to stresses induced by larger body mass, whereas
others primarily reflect muscle forces.},
Doi = {10.1111/joa.12137},
Key = {fds239800}
}
@article{fds239794,
Author = {Fabre, AC and Cornette, R and Perrard, A and Boyer, DM and Prasad, GVR and Hooker, JJ and Goswami, A},
Title = {A three-dimensional morphometric analysis of the locomotory
ecology of Deccanolestes, a eutherian mammal from the Late
Cretaceous of India},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {34},
Number = {1},
Pages = {146-156},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0272-4634},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.789437},
Abstract = {The relationships and ecology of Deccanolestes, a eutherian
mammal from the Late Cretaceous of India that is known only
from isolated dental, mandibular, and postcranial elements,
have been a topic of considerable interest and debate. A
recent comprehensive phylogenetic analysis has placed this
taxon within Adapisoriculidae, a clade of otherwise
Paleocene arboreal mammals, but unexpectedly resolved this
expanded Adapisoriculidae near the base of the eutherian
tree. Deccanolestes has been described as having an arboreal
or scansorial lifestyle based on its ankle morphology. Here,
we present a geometric morphometric study of the astragalus
to test hypotheses pertaining to the ecomorphological
affinities of Deccanolestes. Shape analyses were performed
on extant eutherians and marsupials displaying a range of
different lifestyles, but predominantly sampling arboreal
forms, as well as relevant Cretaceous to Eocene taxa. In
addition, we constructed a neighbor-joining tree based on
the shape variables to identify similarities among taxa in
astragalar morphology. Our results show that Cretaceous and
Paleocene taxa, including Deccanolestes, cluster most
closely and form a separate group distinct from extant
mammal clades, including extinct Primates. Strong
phylogenetic signal in astragalar morphology among extant
taxa, as well as apparent phylogenetic clustering of extant
and extinct taxa, complicates a straightforward
interpretation of the locomotor ecology of Deccanolestes,
but our results suggest that the astragalar morphology of
Deccanolestes has no analogue among the sampled living
species. However, this morphology appears prevalent among
Cretaceous and Paleocene eutherian mammals. © 2014 by the
Society of Vertebrate Paleontology.},
Doi = {10.1080/02724634.2013.789437},
Key = {fds239794}
}
@article{fds239798,
Author = {Winchester, JM and Boyer, DM and St Clair and EM and Gosselin-Ildari,
AD and Cooke, SB and Ledogar, JA},
Title = {Dental topography of platyrrhines and prosimians:
convergence and contrasts.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {153},
Number = {1},
Pages = {29-44},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22398},
Abstract = {Dental topographic analysis is the quantitative assessment
of shape of three-dimensional models of tooth crowns and
component features. Molar topographic curvature, relief, and
complexity correlate with aspects of feeding behavior in
certain living primates, and have been employed to
investigate dietary ecology in extant and extinct primate
species. This study investigates whether dental topography
correlates with diet among a diverse sample of living
platyrrhines, and compares platyrrhine topography with that
of prosimians. We sampled 111 lower second molars of 11
platyrrhine genera and 121 of 20 prosimian genera. For each
tooth we calculated Dirichlet normal energy (DNE), relief
index (RFI), and orientation patch count (OPCR), quantifying
surface curvature, relief, and complexity respectively.
Shearing ratios and quotients were also measured.
Statistical analyses partitioned effects of diet and taxon
on topography in platyrrhines alone and relative to
prosimians. Discriminant function analyses assessed
predictive diet models. Results indicate that platyrrhine
dental topography correlates to dietary preference, and
platyrrhine-only predictive models yield high rates of
accuracy. The same is true for prosimians. Topographic
variance is broadly similar among platyrrhines and
prosimians. One exception is that platyrrhines display
higher average relief and lower relief variance, possibly
related to lower relative molar size and functional links
between relief and tooth longevity distinct from curvature
or complexity. Explicitly incorporating phylogenetic
distance matrices into statistical analyses of the combined
platyrrhine-prosimian sample results in loss of significance
of dietary effects for OPCR and SQ, while greatly increasing
dietary significance of RFI.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22398},
Key = {fds239798}
}
@article{fds239799,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Yapuncich, GS and Chester, SGB and Bloch, JI and Godinot,
M},
Title = {Hands of early primates.},
Journal = {Am J Phys Anthropol},
Volume = {152 Suppl 57},
Number = {s57},
Pages = {33-78},
Editor = {Trudy Turner},
Year = {2013},
Month = {December},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24249591},
Abstract = {Questions surrounding the origin and early evolution of
primates continue to be the subject of debate. Though
anatomy of the skull and inferred dietary shifts are often
the focus, detailed studies of postcrania and inferred
locomotor capabilities can also provide crucial data that
advance understanding of transitions in early primate
evolution. In particular, the hand skeleton includes
characteristics thought to reflect foraging, locomotion, and
posture. Here we review what is known about the early
evolution of primate hands from a comparative perspective
that incorporates data from the fossil record. Additionally,
we provide new comparative data and documentation of
skeletal morphology for Paleogene plesiadapiforms,
notharctines, cercamoniines, adapines, and omomyiforms.
Finally, we discuss implications of these data for
understanding locomotor transitions during the origin and
early evolutionary history of primates. Known plesiadapiform
species cannot be differentiated from extant primates based
on either intrinsic hand proportions or hand-to-body size
proportions. Nonetheless, the presence of claws and a
different metacarpophalangeal [corrected] joint form in
plesiadapiforms indicate different grasping mechanics.
Notharctines and cercamoniines have intrinsic hand
proportions with extremely elongated proximal phalanges and
digit rays relative to metacarpals, resembling tarsiers and
galagos. But their hand-to-body size proportions are typical
of many extant primates (unlike those of tarsiers, and
possibly Teilhardina, which have extremely large hands).
Non-adapine adapiforms and omomyids exhibit additional
carpal features suggesting more limited dorsiflexion,
greater ulnar deviation, and a more habitually divergent
pollex than observed plesiadapiforms. Together, features
differentiating adapiforms and omomyiforms from
plesiadapiforms indicate increased reliance on vertical
prehensile-clinging and grasp-leaping, possibly in
combination with predatory behaviors in ancestral
euprimates.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22392},
Key = {fds239799}
}
@article{fds239796,
Author = {Baczynski, AA and McInerney, FA and Wing, SL and Kraus, MJ and Bloch,
JI and Boyer, DM and Secord, R and Morse, PE and Fricke,
HC},
Title = {Chemostratigraphic implications of spatial variation in the
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum carbon isotope excursion,
SE Bighorn Basin, Wyoming},
Journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
Volume = {14},
Number = {10},
Pages = {4133-4152},
Publisher = {American Geophysical Union (AGU)},
Year = {2013},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ggge.20265},
Abstract = {The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is marked by a
prominent negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) of 3-5‰
that has a characteristic rapid onset, stable body, and
recovery to near pre-CIE isotopic composition. Although the
CIE is the major criterion for global correlation of the
Paleocene-Eocene boundary, spatial variations in the
position and shape of the CIE have not been systematically
evaluated. We measured carbon isotope ratios of bulk organic
matter (δ13Corg) and pedogenic carbonate (δ13Ccarb) at six
PETM sections across a 16 km transect in the SE Bighorn
Basin, Wyoming. Bed tracing and high-resolution floral and
faunal biostratigraphy allowed correlation of the sections
independent of chemostratigraphy. The onset of the CIE in
bulk organic matter at all six sections occurs within a
single laterally extensive geosol. The magnitude of the CIE
varies from 2.1 to 3.8‰. The absolute and relative
stratigraphic thickness of the body of the CIE in bulk
organic matter varies significantly across the field area
and underrepresents the thickness of the PETM body by
30%-80%. The variations cannot be explained by basinal
position and instead suggest that δ13Corg values were
influenced by local factors such as reworking of older
carbon. The stratigraphic thickness and shape of the CIE
have been used to correlate sections, estimate timing of
biotic and climatic changes relative to the presumed carbon
isotope composition of the atmosphere, and calculate rates
of environmental and biotic change. Localized controls on
δ13Corg values place these inferences in question by
influencing the apparent shape and duration of the CIE. Key
Points PETM bulk soil organic matter carbon isotope records
from 6 sites across 16 km Initial carbon isotope shift
occurs within same laterally extensive geosol Shape of CIE
highly variable and PETM thickness underestimated by 30-80%
©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights
Reserved.},
Doi = {10.1002/ggge.20265},
Key = {fds239796}
}
@article{fds239801,
Author = {Gladman, JT and Boyer, DM and Simons, EL and Seiffert,
ER},
Title = {A calcaneus attributable to the primitive late Eocene
anthropoid Proteopithecus sylviae: phenetic affinities and
phylogenetic implications.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {151},
Number = {3},
Pages = {372-397},
Year = {2013},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22266},
Abstract = {A well-preserved calcaneus referrable to Proteopithecus
sylviae from the late Eocene Quarry L-41 in the Fayum
Depression, Egypt, provides new evidence relevant to this
taxon's uncertain phylogenetic position. We assess
morphological affinities of the new specimen using
three-dimensional geometric morphometric analyses with a
comparative sample of primate calcanei representing major
extinct and extant radiations (n = 58 genera, 106
specimens). Our analyses reveal that the calcaneal
morphology of Proteopithecus is most similar to that of the
younger Fayum parapithecid Apidium. Principal components
analysis places Apidium and Proteopithecus in an
intermediate position between primitive euprimates and crown
anthropoids, based primarily on landmark configurations
corresponding to moderate distal elongation, a more distal
position of the peroneal tubercle, and a relatively
"unflexed" calcaneal body. Proteopithecus and Apidium are
similar to cercopithecoids and some omomyiforms in having an
ectal facet that is more tightly curved, along with a larger
degree of proximal calcaneal elongation, whereas other Fayum
anthropoids, platyrrhines and adapiforms have a more open
facet with less proximal elongation. The similarity to
cercopithecoids is most plausibly interpreted as convergence
given the less tightly curved ectal facets of stem
catarrhines. The primary similarities between Proteopithecus
and platyrrhines are mainly in the moderate distal
elongation and the more distal position of the peroneal
tubercle, both of which are not unique to these groups.
Proteopithecus and Apidium exhibit derived anthropoid
features, but also a suite of primitive retentions. The
calcaneal morphology of Proteopithecus is consistent with
our cladistic analysis, which places proteopithecids as a
sister group of Parapithecoidea.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22266},
Key = {fds239801}
}
@article{fds239803,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Seiffert, ER},
Title = {Patterns of astragalar fibular facet orientation in extant
and fossil primates and their evolutionary
implications.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {151},
Number = {3},
Pages = {420-447},
Year = {2013},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23794333},
Abstract = {A laterally sloping fibular facet of the astragalus (=talus)
has been proposed as one of few osteological synapomorphies
of strepsirrhine primates, but the feature has never been
comprehensively quantified. We describe a method for
calculating fibular facet orientation on digital models of
astragali as the angle between the planes of the fibular
facet and the lateral tibial facet. We calculated this value
in a sample that includes all major extant primate clades, a
diversity of Paleogene primates, and nonprimate euarchontans
(n = 304). Results show that previous characterization of a
divide between extant haplorhines and strepsirrhines is
accurate, with little overlap even when individual data
points are considered. Fibular facet orientation is
conserved in extant strepsirrhines despite major differences
in locomotion and body size, while extant anthropoids are
more variable (e.g., low values for catarrhines relative to
non-callitrichine platyrrhines). Euprimate outgroups exhibit
a mosaic of character states with Cynocephalus having a more
obtuse strepsirrhine-like facet and sampled treeshrews and
plesiadapiforms having more acute haplorhine-like facets.
Surprisingly, the earliest species of the adapiform Cantius
have steep haplorhine-like facets as well. We used a
Bayesian approach to reconstruct the evolution of fibular
facet orientation as a continuous character across a
supertree of living and extinct primates. Mean estimates for
crown Primatomorpha (97.9°), Primates (99.5°), Haplorhini
(98.7°), and Strepsirrhini (108.2°) support the hypothesis
that the strepsirrhine condition is derived, while lower
values for crown Anthropoidea (92.8°) and Catarrhini
(88.9°) are derived in the opposite direction.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22283},
Key = {fds239803}
}
@article{fds239795,
Author = {Ledogar, JA and Winchester, JM and Clair, EM and Boyer,
DM},
Title = {Erratum: Diet and dental topography in pitheciine seed
predators (American Journal of Physical Anthropology (2013)
150 (107-121))},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {151},
Number = {1},
Pages = {169},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2013},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22257},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22257},
Key = {fds239795}
}
@article{fds239802,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Seiffert, ER and Gladman, JT and Bloch,
JI},
Title = {Evolution and allometry of calcaneal elongation in living
and extinct primates.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {8},
Number = {7},
Pages = {e67792},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23844094},
Abstract = {Specialized acrobatic leaping has been recognized as a key
adaptive trait tied to the origin and subsequent radiation
of euprimates based on its observed frequency in extant
primates and inferred frequency in extinct early euprimates.
Hypothesized skeletal correlates include elongated tarsal
elements, which would be expected to aid leaping by allowing
for increased rates and durations of propulsive acceleration
at takeoff. Alternatively, authors of a recent study argued
that pronounced distal calcaneal elongation of euprimates
(compared to other mammalian taxa) was related primarily to
specialized pedal grasping. Testing for correlations between
calcaneal elongation and leaping versus grasping is
complicated by body size differences and associated
allometric affects. We re-assess allometric constraints on,
and the functional significance of, calcaneal elongation
using phylogenetic comparative methods, and present an
evolutionary hypothesis for the evolution of calcaneal
elongation in primates using a Bayesian approach to
ancestral state reconstruction (ASR). Results show that
among all primates, logged ratios of distal calcaneal length
to total calcaneal length are inversely correlated with
logged body mass proxies derived from the area of the
calcaneal facet for the cuboid. Results from phylogenetic
ANOVA on residuals from this allometric line suggest that
deviations are explained by degree of leaping specialization
in prosimians, but not anthropoids. Results from ASR suggest
that non-allometric increases in calcaneal elongation began
in the primate stem lineage and continued independently in
haplorhines and strepsirrhines. Anthropoid and lorisid
lineages show stasis and decreasing elongation,
respectively. Initial increases in calcaneal elongation in
primate evolution may be related to either development of
hallucal-grasping or a combination of grasping and more
specialized leaping behaviors. As has been previously
suggested, subsequent increases in calcaneal elongation are
likely adaptations for more effective acrobatic leaping,
highlighting the importance of this behavior in early
euprimate evolution.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0067792},
Key = {fds239802}
}
@article{fds239836,
Author = {Ledogar, JA and Winchester, JM and St Clair and EM and Boyer,
DM},
Title = {Diet and dental topography in pitheciine seed
predators.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {150},
Number = {1},
Pages = {107-121},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000313705200013&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Pitheciines (Pithecia, Chiropotes, and Cacajao) are a
specialized clade of Neotropical seed predators that exhibit
postcanine teeth with low and rounded cusps and highly
crenulated occlusal surface enamel. Data on feeding ecology
show that Pithecia consumes proportionally more leaves than
other pitheciine species, and comparative studies
demonstrate its greater molar relief and relative shearing
potential. However, data on pitheciine food mechanics show
that Pithecia masticates seeds with greater crushing
resistance than those preferred by Chiropotes. This
variation predicts an opposing morphology characterized by
low and more rounded occlusal surfaces in Pithecia. We build
on previous research using new methods for molar surface
shape quantification by examining pitheciine second molar
shearing crest length, occlusal relief, surface complexity,
and surface curvature relative to nonseed specializing
platyrrhines and within the context of the observed
interspecific variation in pitheciine feeding ecology.
Consistent with the previous analyses, our findings
demonstrate that pitheciine molars exhibit low shearing,
relief, and curvature compared with nonseed predators,
independent of phylogeny. Pitheciines also exhibit highly
"complex" occlusal topography that promotes the efficient
breakdown of tough seed tissues. Overall, Pithecia,
Chiropotes, and Cacajao share a similar topographic pattern,
suggesting adaptation to foods with similar structural
and/or mechanical properties. However, Cacajao differs in
surface complexity, which reflects some variation in its
feeding ecology. Contrary to the predictions, Pithecia and
Chiropotes do not differ in any of the topographic variables
examined. The range of demands imposed on the postcanine
teeth of Pithecia might therefore select for an average
topography, one that converges on that of
Chiropotes.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22181},
Key = {fds239836}
}
@article{fds239843,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Costeur, L and Lipman, Y},
Title = {Earliest record of Platychoerops (Primates, Plesiadapidae),
a new species from Mouras Quarry, Mont de Berru,
France.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {149},
Number = {3},
Pages = {329-346},
Year = {2012},
Month = {November},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22926965},
Abstract = {Plesiadapids are extinct relatives of extant euarchontans
(primates, dermopterans, and scandentians), which lived in
North America and Europe during the Paleocene and Early
Eocene. The only genus of plesiadapid whose species are
absent from Paleocene strata is Platychoerops. Further,
Platychoerops is the only group found in sediments
post-dating the Paleocene-Eocene boundary (PEB) by a
substantial period of time based on large samples. It is
also substantially different from other plesiadapids in
dental features thought to reflect ecology. Its evolution
has been linked to the rapid global climate change and
faunal turnover marking the PEB. Platychoerops and
Plesiadapis tricuspidens have been reconstructed as members
of a single lineage by some authors. We describe a specimen
(right p3-m3) that we attribute to a new species,
Platychoeropsantiquus, from the unequivocally Paleocene
(MP6) Mouras Quarry of Mont de Berru, France. It has strong
morphological affinities to Platychoerops daubrei yet
co-occurs with many specimens of Plesiadapis tricuspidens,
as well as the plesiadapid Chiromyoides campanicus. The
existence of a species of Platychoerops prior to the PEB
decouples the evolution of Platychoerops from the climate
change and faunal turnover event associated with the PEB.
Furthermore, the co-occurrence of Platychoerops with P.
tricuspidens refutes the idea of a single lineage for these
taxa. Instead, Platychoerops may be more closely related to
North American Plesiadapis cookei (a previous alternate
hypothesis). We suggest character displacement in a
Paleocene immigrant population of P. cookei resulting from
competition with sympatric P. tricuspidens, as a likely
scenario for the evolution of Platychoerops.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22119},
Key = {fds239843}
}
@article{fds239841,
Author = {Patel, BA and Seiffert, ER and Boyer, DM and Jacobs, RL and St Clair,
EM and Simons, EL},
Title = {New primate first metatarsals from the Paleogene of Egypt
and the origin of the anthropoid big toe.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {63},
Number = {1},
Pages = {99-120},
Year = {2012},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000307423900006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {The specialized grasping feet of primates, and in particular
the nature of the hallucal grasping capabilities of living
strepsirrhines and tarsiers (i.e., 'prosimians'), have
played central roles in the study of primate origins. Prior
comparative studies of first metatarsal (Mt1) morphology
have documented specialized characters in living prosimians
that are indicative of a more abducted hallux, which in turn
is often inferred to be related to an increased ability for
powerful grasping. These include a well-developed peroneal
process and a greater angle of the proximal articular
surface relative to the long axis of the diaphysis. Although
known Mt1s of fossil prosimians share these characters with
living non-anthropoid primates, Mt1 morphology in the
earliest crown group anthropoids is not well known. Here we
describe two Mt1s from the Fayum Depression of Egypt - one
from the latest Eocene (from the ∼34 Ma Quarry L-41), and
one from the later early Oligocene (from the ∼29-30 Ma
Quarry M) - and compare them with a sample of extant and
fossil primate Mt1s. Multivariate analyses of Mt1 shape
variables indicate that the Fayum specimens are most similar
to those of crown group anthropoids, and likely belong to
the stem catarrhines Catopithecus and Aegyptopithecus
specifically, based on analyses of size. Also, phylogenetic
analyses with 16 newly defined Mt1 characters support the
hypotheses that "prosimian"-like Mt1 features evolved along
the primate stem lineage, while crown anthropoid Mt1
morphology and function is derived among primates, and
likely differed from that of basal stem anthropoids. The
derived loss of powerful hallucal grasping as reflected in
the Mt1 morphology of crown anthropoids may reflect
long-term selection for improved navigation of
large-diameter, more horizontal branches at the expense of
movement in smaller, more variably inclined branches in the
arboreal environment.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.05.002},
Key = {fds239841}
}
@article{fds239834,
Author = {King, SJ and Boyer, DM and Tecot, S and Strait, SG and Zohdy, S and Blanco,
MB and Wright, PC and Jernvall, J},
Title = {Lemur habitat and dental senescence in Ranomafana National
Park, Madagascar.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {148},
Number = {2},
Pages = {228-237},
Year = {2012},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21589},
Abstract = {Not only can teeth provide clues about diet, but they also
can be indicators of habitat quality. Conspecific groups
living in different habitats with different kinds of foods
may exhibit different rates of dental attrition because
their teeth are less well adapted to some foods than to
others. Ecological disequilibrium describes the situation in
which animals live in habitats to which they are relatively
poorly adapted. We test whether dental senescence, the
wear-related decrease in dental functionality that is
associated with decreased survival of infants born to older
Propithecus edwardsi females, can be explained by ecological
disequilibrium. Specifically, we compare the rates of dental
wear in sifaka groups living in nearby habitats that differ
in the degree of anthropogenically induced disturbance. We
hypothesize that sifakas living in disturbed areas have an
unusual rate of tooth wear compared to those living in a
more pristine area, and that dental senescence is a
consequence of an atypically high wear rate in a degraded
habitat. To test whether habitat quality affects tooth wear
more generally, we compare rates of use-wear in two subsets
of Microcebus rufus living in either relatively undisturbed
or disturbed habitats. Contrary to our predictions, we did
not detect different rates of tooth wear in disturbed versus
undisturbed habitats for either species and consider that
reproductively detrimental dental senescence in P. edwardsi
females is unlikely to be a pathological consequence of
ecological disequilibrium.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.21589},
Key = {fds239834}
}
@article{fds239835,
Author = {Godfrey, LR and Winchester, JM and King, SJ and Boyer, DM and Jernvall,
J},
Title = {Dental topography indicates ecological contraction of lemur
communities.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {148},
Number = {2},
Pages = {215-227},
Year = {2012},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21615},
Abstract = {Understanding the paleoecology of extinct subfossil lemurs
requires reconstruction of dietary preferences. Tooth
morphology is strongly correlated with diet in living
primates and is appropriate for inferring dietary ecology.
Recently, dental topographic analysis has shown great
promise in reconstructing diet from molar tooth form.
Compared with traditionally used shearing metrics, dental
topography is better suited for the extraordinary diversity
of tooth form among subfossil lemurs and has been shown to
be less sensitive to phylogenetic sources of shape
variation. Specifically, we computed orientation patch
counts rotated (OPCR) and Dirichlet normal energy (DNE) of
molar teeth belonging to 14 species of subfossil lemurs and
compared these values to those of an extant lemur sample.
The two metrics succeeded in separating species in a manner
that provides insights into both food processing and diet.
We used them to examine the changes in lemur community
ecology in Southern and Southwestern Madagascar that
accompanied the extinction of giant lemurs. We show that the
poverty of Madagascar's frugivore community is a
long-standing phenomenon and that extinction of large-bodied
lemurs in the South and Southwest resulted not merely in a
loss of guild elements but also, most likely, in changes in
the ecology of extant lemurs.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.21615},
Key = {fds239835}
}
@article{fds239832,
Author = {Coleman, MN and Boyer, DM},
Title = {Inner ear evolution in primates through the Cenozoic:
implications for the evolution of hearing.},
Journal = {Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)},
Volume = {295},
Number = {4},
Pages = {615-631},
Year = {2012},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1932-8486},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.22422},
Abstract = {Mammals are unique in being the only group of amniotes that
can hear sounds in the upper frequency range (>12 kHz), yet
details about the evolutionary development of hearing
patterns remain poorly understood. In this study, we used
high resolution X-ray computed tomography to investigate
several functionally relevant auditory structures of the
inner ear in a sample of 21 fossil primate species (60 Ma to
recent times) and 25 species of living euarchontans
(primates, tree shrews, and flying lemurs). The structures
examined include the length of the cochlea, development of
bony spiral lamina and area of the oval window (or stapedial
footplate when present). Using these measurements we
predicted aspects of low-frequency and high-frequency
sensitivity and show that hearing patterns in primates
likely evolved in several stages through the first half of
the Cenozoic. These results provide temporal boundaries for
the development of hearing patterns in extant lineages and
strongly suggest that the ancestral euarchontan hearing
pattern was characterized by good high-frequency hearing but
relatively poor low-frequency sensitivity. They also show
that haplorhines are unique among primates (extant or
extinct) in having relatively longer cochleae and increased
low-frequency sensitivity. We combined these results with
additional, older paleontological evidence to put these
findings in a broader evolutionary context.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.22422},
Key = {fds239832}
}
@article{fds239833,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Scott, CS and Fox, RC},
Title = {New craniodental material of Pronothodectes gaoi Fox
(Mammalia, "Plesiadapiformes") and relationships among
members of Plesiadapidae.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {147},
Number = {4},
Pages = {511-550},
Year = {2012},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22003},
Abstract = {Plesiadapidae are a family of Paleogene mammals thought to
have phylogenetic affinities with modern Primates. We
describe previously unpublished dentitions and the first
skull and isolated petrosals of the plesiadapid
Pronothodectes gaoi, collected from middle Tiffanian
localities of the Paskapoo Formation in Alberta. Other
species of Pronothodectes, traditionally considered the most
basal members of the Plesiadapidae, occur at earlier,
Torrejonian horizons in Montana, Wyoming, and Alberta.
Classification of P. gaoi as a species of Pronothodectes has
proved controversial; accordingly, we use the newly
available samples and the more extensively preserved
specimens to re-evaluate the generic affinities of this
species. Included in our study are comparisons with
craniodental material known for other plesiadapids and
plesiadapiforms. Cladistic analysis of craniodental
characters is used to assess the hypothesis that P. gaoi and
other species in this genus are basal members of the
Plesiadapidae. The new dental evidence confirms that P. gaoi
lacks derived character states of other plesiadapids except
for a variably present fissuring of the m3 hypoconulid.
Moreover, several aspects of the cranium seem to be more
primitive in P. gaoi (i.e., more like nonplesiadapid
plesiadapiforms) than in later occurring plesiadapids, such
as Plesiadapis tricuspidens and Plesiadapis cookei.
Cladistic analysis of craniodental morphology supports a
basal position of P. gaoi among species of Plesiadapidae,
with the exception of other species of Pronothodectes. The
basicranium of P. gaoi preserves a laterally placed bony
canal for the internal carotid neurovascular system,
suggesting that this was the ancestral condition for the
family.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22003},
Key = {fds239833}
}
@article{fds239831,
Author = {Secord, R and Bloch, JI and Chester, SGB and Boyer, DM and Wood, AR and Wing, SL and Kraus, MJ and McInerney, FA and Krigbaum,
J},
Title = {Evolution of the earliest horses driven by climate change in
the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {335},
Number = {6071},
Pages = {959-962},
Year = {2012},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1213859},
Abstract = {Body size plays a critical role in mammalian ecology and
physiology. Previous research has shown that many mammals
became smaller during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
(PETM), but the timing and magnitude of that change relative
to climate change have been unclear. A high-resolution
record of continental climate and equid body size change
shows a directional size decrease of ~30% over the first
~130,000 years of the PETM, followed by a ~76% increase in
the recovery phase of the PETM. These size changes are
negatively correlated with temperature inferred from oxygen
isotopes in mammal teeth and were probably driven by shifts
in temperature and possibly high atmospheric CO(2)
concentrations. These findings could be important for
understanding mammalian evolutionary responses to future
global warming.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1213859},
Key = {fds239831}
}
@article{fds239830,
Author = {Maiolino, S and Boyer, DM and Bloch, JI and Gilbert, CC and Groenke,
J},
Title = {Evidence for a grooming claw in a North American adapiform
primate: implications for anthropoid origins.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {7},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e29135},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1932-6203},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029135},
Abstract = {Among fossil primates, the Eocene adapiforms have been
suggested as the closest relatives of living anthropoids
(monkeys, apes, and humans). Central to this argument is the
form of the second pedal digit. Extant strepsirrhines and
tarsiers possess a grooming claw on this digit, while most
anthropoids have a nail. While controversial, the possible
presence of a nail in certain European adapiforms has been
considered evidence for anthropoid affinities. Skeletons
preserved well enough to test this idea have been lacking
for North American adapiforms. Here, we document and
quantitatively analyze, for the first time, a dentally
associated skeleton of Notharctus tenebrosus from the early
Eocene of Wyoming that preserves the complete bones of digit
II in semi-articulation. Utilizing twelve shape variables,
we compare the distal phalanges of Notharctus tenebrosus to
those of extant primates that bear nails (n = 21),
tegulae (n = 4), and grooming claws (n = 10), and
those of non-primates that bear claws (n = 7).
Quantitative analyses demonstrate that Notharctus tenebrosus
possessed a grooming claw with a surprisingly well-developed
apical tuft on its second pedal digit. The presence of a
wide apical tuft on the pedal digit II of Notharctus
tenebrosus may reflect intermediate morphology between a
typical grooming claw and a nail, which is consistent with
the recent hypothesis that loss of a grooming claw occurred
in a clade containing adapiforms (e.g. Darwinius masillae)
and anthropoids. However, a cladistic analysis including
newly documented morphologies and thorough representation of
characters acknowledged to have states constituting
strepsirrhine, haplorhine, and anthropoid synapomorphies
groups Notharctus tenebrosus and Darwinius masillae with
extant strepsirrhines rather than haplorhines suggesting
that the form of pedal digit II reflects substantial
homoplasy during the course of early primate
evolution.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0029135},
Key = {fds239830}
}
@article{fds239829,
Author = {Maiolino, S and Boyer, DM and Rosenberger, A},
Title = {Morphological correlates of the grooming claw in distal
phalanges of platyrrhines and other primates: a preliminary
study.},
Journal = {Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)},
Volume = {294},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1975-1990},
Year = {2011},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1932-8486},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.21498},
Abstract = {Grooming claws are present on the second pedal digits of
strepsirhines and on the second and third pedal digits of
tarsiers. However, their presence in New World monkeys is
often overlooked. As such, the absence of a grooming claw is
generally considered an anthropoid synapomorphy. This study
utilizes a quantitative multivariate analysis to define
grooming claw morphology and document its presence in
platyrrhine monkeys. Our results show that owl monkeys
possess grooming claws similar to those of strepsirhines,
while titi monkeys possess grooming claw-like morphology.
Therefore, we conclude that anthropoids are not clearly
united by the absence of a grooming claw. Furthermore, due
to their presence in three major primate clades, we infer
that it is likely that a grooming claw was present on the
second pedal digit of the ancestor of living primates.
Therefore, we advise the reassessment of fossil adapids in
light of the anatomical correlates described here. This
should increase resolution on the homology and polarity of
grooming claw morphology, and, therefore, will help provide
a sharper picture of primate evolution.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.21498},
Key = {fds239829}
}
@article{fds239828,
Author = {Silcox, MT and Dalmyn, CK and Hrenchuk, A and Bloch, JI and Boyer, DM and Houde, P},
Title = {Endocranial morphology of Labidolemur kayi (Apatemyidae,
Apatotheria) and its relevance to the study of brain
evolution in Euarchontoglires},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {31},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1314-1325},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2011},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0272-4634},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2011.609574},
Abstract = {Apatemyids are known from the Paleocene and Eocene of
Europe, and the Paleocene to Oligocene of North America, and
may share a special relationship with Euarchontoglires. The
only endocast previously described for an apatemyid pertains
to Carcinella sigei from the late Eocene of France. Here we
present a composite virtual endocast of Labidolemur kayi
derived from high-resolution X-ray computed tomography data,
based on partial crania from the late Paleocene
(Clarkforkian) and early Eocene (Wasatchian) of the Clarks
Fork Basin, Wyoming. Like C. sigei, L. kayi had voluminous,
transversely expansive olfactory bulbs, accounting for
approximately 12-15% of the endocranial volume. This is
similar to Cretaceous eutherians, but contrasts with the
relatively smaller olfactory bulbs in both the basal gliran
Rhombomylus turpanensis and in primitive primates (Ignacius
graybullianus, Microsyops annectens). Similar to R.
turpanensis, I. graybullianus, and the inferred ancestral
condition for Microsyops, but unlike C. sigei, L. kayi
exhibited exposed caudal colliculi, supporting the inference
that this condition was primitive for Euarchontoglires and
Euarchonta. The cranial capacity of L. kayi is estimated at
0.5-0.6 cc, yielding encephalization quotient (EQ) estimates
of 0.23-0.28 or 0.42-0.50 depending on the equation used.
These values are much lower than estimates for C. sigei,
suggesting significant increase occurred in brain size in
Apatemyidae, perhaps related to elaborations in the family's
specialized manual extractive feeding regime. Similarities
with primitive primates in EQ and the inferred position of
the rhinal sulcus may allow for inferences about
encephalization and neocorticalization in the common
ancestor of Euarchontoglires. © 2011 by the Society of
Vertebrate Paleontology.},
Doi = {10.1080/02724634.2011.609574},
Key = {fds239828}
}
@article{fds239839,
Author = {Boyer, D and Lipman, Y and Clair, ES and Puente, J and Funkhouser, T and Patel, B and Jernvall, J and Daubechies, I},
Title = {Algorithms to automatically quantify the geometric
similarity of anatomical surfaces},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
Volume = {108},
Number = {45},
Pages = {18221-18226},
Year = {2011},
Month = {November},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22025685},
Abstract = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1110.3649},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1112822108},
Key = {fds239839}
}
@article{fds239827,
Author = {Rose, KD and Chester, SGB and Dunn, RH and Boyer, DM and Bloch,
JI},
Title = {New fossils of the oldest North American euprimate
Teilhardina brandti (Omomyidae) from the paleocene-eocene
thermal maximum.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {146},
Number = {2},
Pages = {281-305},
Year = {2011},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21579},
Abstract = {More than 25 new specimens of Teilhardina brandti, one of
the oldest known euprimates, are reported from earliest
Eocene strata of the southern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. The
new fossils include the first upper dentitions, a dentary
showing the lower dental formula for the first time, and the
first postcrania ascribed to T. brandti (tarsals and
terminal phalanges). The elongated navicular and long talar
neck suggest that T. brandti was an active arboreal
quadruped, and the terminal phalanges constitute the oldest
evidence for nails in Euprimates. Phylogenetic analysis
incorporating the new data indicates that T. brandti is more
derived than T. belgica but less so than T. americana. The
hypothesis that Teilhardina originated in Asia (T. asiatica)
and dispersed westward to Europe (T. belgica) and then to
North America (T. brandti and T. magnoliana) during the
earliest Eocene Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum is most
consistent with available evidence, including the relative
age of fossil samples and their stage of
evolution.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.21579},
Key = {fds239827}
}
@article{fds239825,
Author = {Blatch, S and Boyer, DM and King, SJ and Bunn, JM and Jernvall, J and Wright, PC},
Title = {Changes in orientation of attritional wear facets with
implications for jaw motion in a mixed longitudinal sample
of Propithecus edwardsi from Ranomafana National Park,
Madagascar.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {146},
Number = {1},
Pages = {116-133},
Year = {2011},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1096-8644},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21565},
Abstract = {In many mammalian species, the progressive wearing down of
the teeth that occurs over an individual's lifetime has the
potential to change dental function, jaw movements, or even
feeding habits. The orientation of phase-I wear facets on
molars reveals the direction of jaw movement during the
power stroke of mastication. We investigated if and how
molar wear facets change with increasing wear and/or age by
examining a mixed longitudinal dataset of mandibular tooth
molds from wild Propithecus edwardsi (N = 32 individuals, 86
samples). Measurements of the verticality of wear facets
were obtained from three-dimensional digital models
generated from μCT scans. Results show that verticality
decreases over the lifetime of P. edwardsi, a change that
implies an increasingly lateral translation of the jaw as
the teeth move into occlusion. A more transverse phase-I
power stroke supports the hypothesis that these animals chew
to maximize longevity and functionality of their teeth,
minimizing the "waste" of enamel, while maintaining sharp
shearing crests. Results of this study indicate that wear
facet verticality is more closely correlated with age than
overall amount of tooth wear, measured as area of exposed
dentin, suggesting that age-related changes in cranial
morphology may be more responsible for adjustments in jaw
motion over the lifetimes of Propithecus than wear-related
changes inthe shape of occluding teeth. Finally, the rate of
decrease in wear facet verticality with age is greater in
males than in females suggesting differences in development
and/or access to resources between the sexes in this
species.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.21565},
Key = {fds239825}
}
@article{fds239826,
Author = {Goswami, A and Prasad, GVR and Upchurch, P and Boyer, DM and Seiffert,
ER and Verma, O and Gheerbrant, E and Flynn, JJ},
Title = {A radiation of arboreal basal eutherian mammals beginning in
the Late Cretaceous of India.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {108},
Number = {39},
Pages = {16333-16338},
Year = {2011},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1108723108},
Abstract = {India's Late Cretaceous fossil mammals include the only
undisputed pre-Tertiary Gondwanan eutherians, such as
Deccanolestes. Recent studies have suggested a relationship
between Deccanolestes and African and European Paleocene
adapisoriculids, which have been variably identified as stem
euarchontans, stem primates, lipotyphlan insectivores, or
afrosoricids. Support for a close relationship between
Deccanolestes and any of these placental mammal clades would
be unique in representing a confirmed Mesozoic record of a
placental mammal. However, some paleogeographic
reconstructions place India at its peak isolation from all
other continents during the latest Cretaceous, complicating
reconstructions of the biogeographic history of the
placental radiation. Recent fieldwork in India has recovered
dozens of better-preserved specimens of Cretaceous
eutherians, including several new species. Here, we
incorporate these new specimens into an extensive
phylogenetic analysis that includes every clade with a
previously hypothesized relationship to Deccanolestes. Our
results support a robust relationship between Deccanolestes
and Paleocene adapisoriculids, but do not support a close
affinity between these taxa and any placental clade,
demonstrating that Deccanolestes is not a Cretaceous
placental mammal and reinforcing the sizeable gap between
molecular and fossil divergence time estimates for the
placental mammal radiation. Instead, our expanded data push
Adapisoriculidae, including Deccanolestes, into a much more
basal position than in earlier analyses, strengthening
hypotheses that scansoriality and arboreality were prevalent
early in eutherian evolution. This comprehensive phylogeny
indicates that faunal exchange occurred between India,
Africa, and Europe in the Late Cretaceous-Early Paleocene,
and suggests a previously unrecognized ∼30 to 45 Myr
"ghost lineage" for these Gondwanan eutherians.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1108723108},
Key = {fds239826}
}
@article{fds239837,
Author = {Bunn, JM and Boyer, DM and Lipman, Y and St Clair and EM and Jernvall, J and Daubechies, I},
Title = {Comparing Dirichlet normal surface energy of tooth crowns, a
new technique of molar shape quantification for dietary
inference, with previous methods in isolation and in
combination.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {145},
Number = {2},
Pages = {247-261},
Year = {2011},
Month = {June},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21469070},
Abstract = {Inferred dietary preference is a major component of
paleoecologies of extinct primates. Molar occlusal shape
correlates with diet in living mammals, so teeth are a
potentially useful structure from which to reconstruct diet
in extinct taxa. We assess the efficacy of Dirichlet normal
energy (DNE) calculated for molar tooth surfaces for
reflecting diet. We evaluate DNE, which uses changes in
normal vectors to characterize curvature, by directly
comparing this metric to metrics previously used in dietary
inference. We also test whether combining methods improves
diet reconstructions. The study sample consisted of 146
lower (mandibular) second molars belonging to 24 euarchontan
taxa. Five shape quantification metrics were calculated on
each molar: DNE, shearing quotient, shearing ratio, relief
index, and orientation patch count rotated (OPCR).
Statistical analyses were completed for each variable to
assess effects of taxon and diet. Discriminant function
analysis was used to assess ability of combinations of
variables to predict diet. Values differ significantly by
diets for all variables, although shearing ratios and OPCR
do not distinguish statistically between insectivores and
folivores or omnivores and frugivores. Combined analyses
were much more effective at predicting diet than any metric
alone. Alone, relief index and DNE were most effective at
predicting diet. OPCR was the least effective alone but is
still valuable as the only quantitative measure of surface
complexity. Of all methods considered, DNE was the least
methodologically sensitive, and its effectiveness suggests
it will be a valuable tool for dietary reconstruction.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.21489},
Key = {fds239837}
}
@article{fds239823,
Author = {Coleman, MN and Boyer, DM},
Title = {Relationships between the expression of the stapedial artery
and the size of the obturator foramen in euarchontans:
Functional and phylogenetic implications},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {60},
Number = {1},
Pages = {106-116},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.09.006},
Abstract = {Cranial arterial patterns are commonly used for determining
phylogenetic patterns in extant taxa and have often been
used in studies investigating the relationships among fossil
taxa. In primitive eutherians, the stapedial artery provided
blood to the meninges, orbits, and certain regions of the
face. In many modern mammals, however, blood supply to most
of these areas has been taken over by branches of the
external carotid, although some groups (e.g., treeshrews,
some families of primates) still retain aspects of the
ancestral pattern. Here, we show that the relative size of
the obturator foramen of the stapes is a reliable indicator
of the presence or absence of a "functional" stapedial
artery in Euarchonta. We also describe newly discovered
stapedes for extinct euarchontans, Ignacius graybullianus,
and Plesiadapis tricuspidens, and use the approach described
here to show that these taxa likely did not have a
functional stapedial artery. The implications of these
findings for auditory function and phylogenetic studies are
discussed. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.09.006},
Key = {fds239823}
}
@article{fds239822,
Author = {Silcox, MT and Bloch, JI and Boyer, DM and Houde,
P},
Title = {Cranial anatomy of paleocene and eocene labidolemur kayi
(Mammalia: Apatotheria), and the relationships of the
apatemyidae to other mammals},
Journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society},
Volume = {160},
Number = {4},
Pages = {773-825},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2010},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0024-4082},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00614.x},
Abstract = {The relationships of the extinct mammalian family
Apatemyidae are poorly resolved. Three new, well-preserved
crania of Labidolemur kayi from the late Paleocene
(Clarkforkian) and early Eocene (Wasatchian) of North
America are described in part using ultra high resolution
X-ray computed tomography data. These specimens permit the
first descriptions of critical components of apatemyid
cranial anatomy, such as the composition of the tympanic
roof, and the pathways of the internal carotid artery and
facial nerve. Results from cladistic analyses of
morphological data for known apatemyids and a broad sample
of eutherians suggest that apatemyids are basal members of
Euarchontoglires, with weak support for a sister-group
relationship with Glires. Although apatemyids are
sufficiently different from other mammals to be placed in
their own order, Apatotheria, it is clear that they are
likely to be important for understanding primitive
characteristics of Euarchontoglires and Boreoeutheria. ©
2010 The Linnean Society of London.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00614.x},
Key = {fds239822}
}
@article{fds239838,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Seiffert, ER and Simons, EL},
Title = {Astragalar morphology of Afradapis, a large adapiform
primate from the earliest late Eocene of
Egypt.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {143},
Number = {3},
Pages = {383-402},
Year = {2010},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000283398500008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {The ∼37 million-year-old Birket Qarun Locality 2 (BQ-2),
in the Birket Qarun Formation of Egypt's Fayum Depression,
yields evidence for a diverse primate fauna, including the
earliest known lorisiforms, parapithecoid anthropoids, and
Afradapis longicristatus, a large folivorous adapiform.
Phylogenetic analysis has placed Afradapis as a stem
strepsirrhine within a clade of caenopithecine adapiforms,
contradicting the recently popularized alternative
hypothesis aligning adapiforms with haplorhines or
anthropoids. We describe an astragalus from BQ-2 (DPC
21445C), attributable to Afradapis on the basis of size and
relative abundance. The astragalus is remarkably similar to
those of extant lorises, having a low body, no posterior
shelf, a broad head and neck. It is like extant
strepsirrhines more generally, in having a fibular facet
that slopes gently away from the lateral tibial facet, and
in having a groove for the tendon of flexor fibularis that
is lateral to the tibial facet. Comparisons to a sample of
euarchontan astragali show the new fossil to be most similar
to those of adapines and lorisids. The astragali of other
adapiforms are most similar to those of lemurs, but
distinctly different from those of all anthropoids. Our
measurements show that in extant strepsirrhines and
adapiforms the fibular facet slopes away from the lateral
tibial facet at a gradual angle (112-126°), in contrast to
the anthropoid fibular facet, which forms a sharper angle
(87-101°). Phylogenetic analyses incorporating new
information from the astragalus continue to support
strepsirrhine affinities for adapiforms under varying models
of character evolution.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.21328},
Key = {fds239838}
}
@article{fds239817,
Author = {Chester, SGB and Bloch, JI and Secord, R and Boyer,
DM},
Title = {A New Small-Bodied Species of Palaeonictis (Creodonta,
Oxyaenidae) from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal
Maximum},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalian Evolution},
Volume = {17},
Number = {4},
Pages = {227-243},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2010},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1064-7554},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10914-010-9141-y},
Abstract = {Oxyaenid creodonts are extinct carnivorous mammals known
from the Paleogene of North America, Europe, and Asia. The
genus Palaeonictis is represented by three species that
together span the late Paleocene to early Eocene of North
America, and at least one species from the early Eocene of
Europe. Previously, only a single trigonid of Palaeonictis
was known from the interval encompassing the
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) in North America. We
describe Palaeonictis wingi sp. nov. from the PETM in the
Cabin Fork drainage, southeastern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming,
based on associated right and left dentaries with P2-M2.
Palaeonictis wingi sp. nov. is substantially smaller than
the other North American congeners, making it similar in
size to P. gigantea from the earliest Eocene of Europe and
the previously described PETM specimen. We suggest that a
form similar to the large-bodied late Paleocene P. peloria
from North America gave rise to two smaller species in the
earliest Eocene of North America (P. wingi) and Europe (P.
gigantea). Palaeonictis wingi may have given rise to P.
occidentalis following the PETM in North America. Dispersal
of Palaeonictis to Europe coincided with rapid global
warming of 5-10°C and related geographic range shifts in
plants and other animals during the PETM. It has been
suggested that certain mammalian lineages decreased in body
size during the PETM, possibly in response to elevated
temperature and/or higher CO2 levels. Results from a dietary
analysis of Palaeonictis indicate that it was an omnivore
that primarily consumed meat. This suggests that the
decreased nutritious quality of vegetation caused by
increased CO2 levels was not the direct contributing factor
that caused body size reduction of this lineage during the
PETM. Other selective pressures such as temperature,
aridity, and prey size may have also contributed to the
smaller body size of carnivorous mammals during this
interval, although the presence of smaller species could
also be explained by latitudinal range shifts of mammals
during the PETM. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media,
LLC.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10914-010-9141-y},
Key = {fds239817}
}
@article{fds239821,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Evans, AR and Jernvall, J},
Title = {Evidence of dietary differentiation among late
Paleocene-early Eocene plesiadapids (Mammalia,
primates).},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {142},
Number = {2},
Pages = {194-210},
Year = {2010},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21211},
Abstract = {Plesiadapis cookei is an extinct relative of extant
euarchontans (primates, dermopterans; scandentians), which
lived in North America during the late Paleocene. P. cookei
body mass has been estimated to be approximately 2.2 kg,
making it large compared with other species of its genus
from North America, but similar to some from Europe. In
particular, size as well as dental form similarities to P.
russelli have been noted. However, it is thought that P.
russelli evolved from P. tricuspidens, and into
Platychoerops daubrei. Dental similarities among P. cookei,
P. russelli, and P. daubrei have been hypothesized to
reflect a more folivorous diet than utilized by P.
tricuspidens. Here we test the hypothesis that P. cookei is
more dietarily specialized than P. tricuspidens by
quantifying functionally significant aspects of molar,
premolar, and incisor forms. Casts of M(2)s and P(4)s of P.
tricuspidens, P. cookei, and P. daubrei were
microCT-scanned. We measured the relief index and/or the
complexity from surface reconstructions of scans. Results
show that P. cookei has higher M(2) relief and complexity
than P. tricuspidens; P. daubrei exhibits the highest relief
and complexity. Similarly, P. cookei has a more complex P(4)
than P. tricuspidens, whereas that of P. daubrei exhibits
the highest complexity. Finally, the I(1) of P. cookei
resembles more the incisor of P. daubrei than that of P.
tricuspidens. Because high relief and complexity of
dentitions are related to fibrous plant diets in living
mammals, these findings support the hypothesis that
previously identified similarities among P. cookei, P.
russelli and P. daubrei reflect a folivorous
diet.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.21211},
Key = {fds239821}
}
@article{fds239840,
Author = {Seiffert, ER and Simons, EL and Boyer, DM and Perry, JMG and Ryan, TM and Sallam, HM},
Title = {A fossil primate of uncertain affinities from the earliest
late Eocene of Egypt.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {107},
Number = {21},
Pages = {9712-9717},
Year = {2010},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000278054700044&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Paleontological work carried out over the last 3 decades has
established that three major primate groups were present in
the Eocene of Africa-anthropoids, adapiforms, and advanced
strepsirrhines. Here we describe isolated teeth of a
previously undocumented primate from the earliest late
Eocene ( approximately 37 Ma) of northern Egypt, Nosmips
aenigmaticus, whose phylogenetic placement within Primates
is unclear. Nosmips is smaller than the sympatric adapiform
Afradapis but is considerably larger than other primate taxa
known from the same paleocommunity. The species bears an odd
mosaic of dental features, combining enlarged, elongate, and
molariform premolars with simple upper molars that lack
hypocones. Phylogenetic analysis across a series of
different assumption sets variously places Nosmips as a stem
anthropoid, a nonadapiform stem strepsirrhine, or even among
adapiforms. This phylogenetic instability suggests to us
that Nosmips likely represents a highly specialized member
of a previously undocumented, and presumably quite ancient,
endemic African primate lineage, the subordinal affinities
of which have been obscured by its striking dental
autapomorphies. Discriminant functions based on measurements
of lower molar size and topography reliably classify extant
prosimian primates into their correct dietary groups and
identify Nosmips and Afradapis as omnivores and folivores,
respectively. Although Nosmips currently defies
classification, this strange and unexpected fossil primate
nevertheless provides additional evidence for high primate
diversity in northern Africa approximately 37 million years
ago and further underscores the fact that our understanding
of early primate evolution on that continent remains highly
incomplete.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1001393107},
Key = {fds239840}
}
@article{fds239820,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Prasad, GVR and Krause, DW and Godinot, M and Goswami, A and Verma, O and Flynn, JJ},
Title = {New postcrania of Deccanolestes from the Late Cretaceous of
India and their bearing on the evolutionary and
biogeographic history of euarchontan mammals.},
Journal = {Die Naturwissenschaften},
Volume = {97},
Number = {4},
Pages = {365-377},
Year = {2010},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0028-1042},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-010-0648-0},
Abstract = {Extant species of the supraordinal mammal clade Euarchonta
belong to the orders Primates, Scandentia, or Dermoptera.
The fossil record of euarchontans suggests that they
underwent their initial radiation during the Paleocene
(65-55 million years ago) in North America, Eurasia, and
Africa. The time and place of origin is poorly resolved due
to lack of definitive fossils of euarchontan stem taxa. We
describe a fragmentary humerus and two fragmentary ulnae
from the latest Cretaceous of India that bear significantly
on this issue. The fossils are tentatively referred to
Deccanolestes cf. hislopi due to their small size and the
fact that Deccanolestes is the only eutherian dental taxon
to have been recovered from the same locality. The new
fossils are used to evaluate the existing behavioral
hypothesis that Deccanolestes was arboreal, and the
competing phylogenetic hypotheses that Deccanolestes is a
stem eutherian versus a stem euarchontan. The humerus
resembles those of euarchontans in possessing a laterally
keeled ulnar trochlea, a distinct zona conoidea, and a
spherical capitulum. These features also suggest an arboreal
lifestyle. The ulnar morphology is consistent with that of
the humerus in reflecting an arboreal/scansorial animal.
Detailed quantitative comparisons indicate that, despite
morphological correlates to euarchontan-like arboreality,
the humerus of Deccanolestes is morphologically intermediate
between those of Cretaceous "condylarthran" mammals and
definitive Cenozoic euarchontans. Additionally, humeri
attributed to adapisoriculids are morphologically
intermediate between those of Deccanolestes and definitive
euarchontans. If adapisoriculids are euarchontans, as
recently proposed, our results suggest that Deccanolestes is
more basal. The tentative identification of Deccanolestes as
a basal stem euarchontan suggests that (1) Placentalia began
to diversify and Euarchonta originated before the
Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary and (2) the Indian
subcontinent, Eurasia, and Africa are more likely places of
origin for Euarchonta than is North America.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00114-010-0648-0},
Key = {fds239820}
}
@article{fds239819,
Author = {Clair, EMS and Boyer, DM and Bloch, JI and Krause,
DW},
Title = {First records of a triisodontine mammal, goniacodon
levisanus, in the late paleocene of the northern great
plains, North America},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {30},
Number = {2},
Pages = {604-608},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2010},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0272-4634},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724631003617902},
Doi = {10.1080/02724631003617902},
Key = {fds239819}
}
@article{fds239816,
Author = {Kingston, AK and Boyer, DM and Patel, BA and Larson, SG and Stern,
JT},
Title = {Hallucal grasping in Nycticebus coucang: further
implications for the functional significance of a large
peroneal process.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {58},
Number = {1},
Pages = {33-42},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.08.002},
Abstract = {Euprimate grasping feet are characterized by a suite of
morphological traits, including an enlarged peroneal process
on the base of the first metatarsal, which serves as the
insertion site of the peroneus longus muscle. In prosimians,
a large process has typically been associated with a
powerful hallucal grasp via the contraction of the peroneus
longus to adduct the hallux. Recent electromyography (EMG)
studies have documented that peroneus longus does not
contribute substantially to hallucal grasping in lemurids
(Boyer et al., 2007). However, non-lemurid prosimians have a
I-V opposable grasp complex that is morphologically
different and phylogenetically more primitive than the I-II
adductor grasp complex of the lemurids previously studied.
Therefore, it is possible that peroneus longus did function
during grasping in early euprimates, but lost this function
in large-bodied lemurids. The present study tests the
hypothesis that a large peroneal process is related to
powerful grasping ability in primates displaying the more
primitive I-V grasp complex. We use EMG to evaluate the
recruitment of peroneus longus, other crural muscles, and
adductor hallucis in static and locomotor grasping
activities of the slow loris (Nycticebus coucang). Results
show that peroneus longus is active during grasping
behaviors that require the subject to actively resist
inversion of the foot, and likely contributes to a hallucal
grasp in these activities. Peroneus longus activity level
does not differ between grasping and power grasping
activities, nor does it differ between grasping and
non-grasping locomotor modes. Conversely, the digital
flexors and hallucal adductor are recruited at higher levels
during power grasping and grasping locomotor modes.
Consequently, we reject the hypothesis that an enlarged
peroneal process represents an adaptation specifically to
enhance the power of the I-V grasp, but accept that the
muscle likely plays a role in adducting the hallux during
grasping behaviors that require stabilization of the ankle,
and suggest that further work is necessary to determine if
this role is sufficient to drive selection for a large
peroneal process.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.08.002},
Key = {fds239816}
}
@article{fds239818,
Author = {Silcox, MT and Bloch, JI and Boyer, DM and Godinot, M and Ryan, TM and Spoor, F and Walker, A},
Title = {Erratum to "Semicircular canal system in early primates"[J.
H. Evol. 56 (2009) 315-327] (DOI:10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.10.007)},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {58},
Number = {3},
Pages = {279-280},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.05.001},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.05.001},
Key = {fds239818}
}
@article{fds219283,
Author = {E. R. Seiffert and E. L. Simons and D. M. Boyer and J. M. Perry and T.
Ryan, H. M. sallam},
Title = {A primate of uncertain affinities from the earliest late
Eocene of Egypt},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
Volume = {107},
Pages = {9712-9717},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds219283}
}
@article{fds219284,
Author = {M. T. Silcox and J. I. Bloch and D. M. Boyer and P.
Houde},
Title = {Cranial anatomy of Paleocene and Eocene Labidolemur kayi and
the relationships of the Apatemyidae to other
mammals.},
Journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds219284}
}
@article{fds239815,
Author = {Jacobs, RL and Boyer, DM and Patel, BA},
Title = {Comparative functional morphology of the primate peroneal
process.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {57},
Number = {6},
Pages = {721-731},
Year = {2009},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.06.008},
Abstract = {The first metatarsal of living Primates is characterized by
a well-developed peroneal process, which appears
proportionally larger in prosimians than in anthropoids. A
large peroneal process has been hypothesized to: 1) reflect
powerful hallucal grasping, 2) act as a buttress to reduce
strain from loads acting on the entocuneiform-first
metatarsal joint during landing and grasping after a leap,
and/or 3) correlate with differences in physiological
abduction of the hallux. In this study, we address the
latter two hypotheses by comparing the morphology of the
peroneal process in 143 specimens representing 37 species of
extant prosimians, platyrrhine anthropoids, and tupaiids
(tree shrews) that engage in different locomotor behaviors.
In particular, we compare taxa that vary in leaping
frequency and hallucal abduction. Linear and angular
measurements on the first metatarsal were obtained to
evaluate differences in relative peroneal process thickness
and length, first metatarsal abduction angle, and overall
first metatarsal shape. Leaping frequency was significantly
correlated only with relative peroneal process thickness
within extant lorisoids. Relative process length was
positively correlated with the angle of hallucal abduction
within prosimians; this angle is significantly greater in
prosimians than anthropoids. Multivariate analyses of
metatarsal shape effectively separate species along
phylogenetic lines, but not by locomotor behaviors. The
hypothesis that the peroneal process on the first metatarsal
reduces the loads on the entocuneiform-first metatarsal
joint during landing after a leap is in part supported by
data from extant lorisoids (i.e., slow quadrupedal lorises
vs. leaping galagos). A peroneal process of greater length
within prosimians may serve to increase the lever arm for
the peroneus longus muscle in order to prevent
hyper-abduction, followed by inversion in locomotor
situations where the animal's weight is born on a highly
divergent/abducted hallux.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.06.008},
Key = {fds239815}
}
@article{fds239842,
Author = {Seiffert, ER and Perry, JMG and Simons, EL and Boyer,
DM},
Title = {Convergent evolution of anthropoid-like adaptations in
Eocene adapiform primates.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {461},
Number = {7267},
Pages = {1118-1121},
Year = {2009},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000270987600043&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Adapiform or 'adapoid' primates first appear in the fossil
record in the earliest Eocene epoch ( approximately 55
million years (Myr) ago), and were common components of
Palaeogene primate communities in Europe, Asia and North
America. Adapiforms are commonly referred to as the
'lemur-like' primates of the Eocene epoch, and recent
phylogenetic analyses have placed adapiforms as stem members
of Strepsirrhini, a primate suborder whose crown clade
includes lemurs, lorises and galagos. An alternative view is
that adapiforms are stem anthropoids. This debate has
recently been rekindled by the description of a largely
complete skeleton of the adapiform Darwinius, from the
middle Eocene of Europe, which has been widely publicised as
an important 'link' in the early evolution of Anthropoidea.
Here we describe the complete dentition and jaw of a
large-bodied adapiform (Afradapis gen. nov.) from the
earliest late Eocene of Egypt ( approximately 37 Myr ago)
that exhibits a striking series of derived dental and
gnathic features that also occur in younger anthropoid
primates-notably the earliest catarrhine ancestors of Old
World monkeys and apes. Phylogenetic analysis of 360
morphological features scored across 117 living and extinct
primates (including all candidate stem anthropoids) does not
place adapiforms as haplorhines (that is, members of a
Tarsius-Anthropoidea clade) or as stem anthropoids, but
rather as sister taxa of crown Strepsirrhini; Afradapis and
Darwinius are placed in a geographically widespread clade of
caenopithecine adapiforms that left no known descendants.
The specialized morphological features that these adapiforms
share with anthropoids are therefore most parsimoniously
interpreted as evolutionary convergences. As the largest
non-anthropoid primate ever documented in Afro-Arabia,
Afradapis nevertheless provides surprising new evidence for
prosimian diversity in the Eocene of Africa, and raises the
possibility that ecological competition between adapiforms
and higher primates might have played an important role
during the early evolution of stem and crown Anthropoidea in
Afro-Arabia.},
Doi = {10.1038/nature08429},
Key = {fds239842}
}
@article{fds239814,
Author = {Silcox, MT and Bloch, JI and Boyer, DM and Godinot, M and Ryan, TM and Spoor, F and Walker, A},
Title = {Semicircular canal system in early primates.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {56},
Number = {3},
Pages = {315-327},
Year = {2009},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.10.007},
Abstract = {Mammals with more rapid and agile locomotion have larger
semicircular canals relative to body mass than species that
move more slowly. Measurements of semicircular canals in
extant mammals with known locomotor behaviours can provide a
basis for testing hypotheses about locomotion in fossil
primates that is independent of postcranial remains, and a
means of reconstructing locomotor behaviour in species known
only from cranial material. Semicircular canal radii were
measured using ultra high resolution X-ray CT data for 9
stem primates ("plesiadapiforms"; n=11), 7 adapoids (n=12),
4 omomyoids (n=5), and the possible omomyoid Rooneyia
viejaensis (n=1). These were compared with a modern sample
(210 species including 91 primates) with known locomotor
behaviours. The predicted locomotor agilities for extinct
primates generally follow expectations based on known
postcrania for those taxa. "Plesiadapiforms" and adapids
have relatively small semicircular canals, suggesting they
practiced less agile locomotion than other fossil primates
in the sample, which is consistent with reconstructions of
them as less specialized for leaping. The derived notharctid
adapoids (excluding Cantius) and all omomyoids sampled have
relatively larger semicircular canals, suggesting that they
were more agile, with Microchoerus in particular being
reconstructed as having had very jerky locomotion with
relatively high magnitude accelerations of the head.
Rooneyia viejaensis is reconstructed as having been
similarly agile to omomyids and derived notharctid adapoids,
which suggests that when postcranial material is found for
this species it will exhibit features for some leaping
behaviour, or for a locomotor mode requiring a similar
degree of agility.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.10.007},
Key = {fds239814}
}
@article{fds239813,
Author = {Boyer, DM},
Title = {Relief index of second mandibular molars is a correlate of
diet among prosimian primates and other euarchontan
mammals.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {55},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1118-1137},
Year = {2008},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.08.002},
Abstract = {This study describes and tests a new method of calculating a
shape metric known as the relief index (RFI) on lower second
molars of extant euarchontan mammals, including scandentians
(treeshrews), dermopterans (flying lemurs), and prosimian
primates (strepsirhines and tarsiers). RFI is the ratio of
the tooth crown three-dimensional area to two-dimensional
planar area. It essentially expresses hypsodonty and
complexity of tooth shape. Like other measurements of
complexity, RFI ignores taxon-specific features, such as
certain cusps and crests, which are usually considered in
more traditional studies of tooth function. Traditional
statistical analyses of the study sample show that RFI
distinguishes taxa with differing amounts of structural
carbohydrates in their diets, with frugivore/gramnivores
being significantly lower in RFI than omnivores, and
insectivores/folivores being significantly higher in RFI
than the other two. Information on absolute size, or body
mass, is needed to reliably parse out insectivores and
folivores; however, if the study sample is limited to
Primates, RFI alone distinguishes many folivores (lower)
from insectivores (higher). Finally, phylogenetically
independent contrasts of RFI and dietary preference are
strongly correlated with one another, indicating that
variance in RFI is better explained by dietary diversity
than phylogenetic affinity in this sample. Because of the
accuracy and phylogenetic insensitivity of the RFI among
Euarchonta, this method can be applied to fossil primates
and stem-primates (plesiadapiforms) and used to elucidate
and compare their dietary preferences. Such comparisons are
important for developing a more detailed view of primate
evolution.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.08.002},
Key = {fds239813}
}
@article{fds239811,
Author = {Kirk, EC and Lemelin, P and Hamrick, MW and Boyer, DM and Bloch,
JI},
Title = {Intrinsic hand proportions of euarchontans and other
mammals: implications for the locomotor behavior of
plesiadapiforms.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {55},
Number = {2},
Pages = {278-299},
Year = {2008},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.02.008},
Abstract = {Arboreal primates have distinctive intrinsic hand
proportions compared with many other mammals. Within
Euarchonta, platyrrhines and strepsirrhines have longer
manual proximal phalanges relative to metacarpal length than
colugos and terrestrial tree shrews. This trait is part of a
complex of features allowing primates to grasp
small-diameter arboreal substrates. In addition to many
living and Eocene primates, relative elongation of proximal
manual phalanges is also present in most plesiadapiforms. In
order to evaluate the functional and evolutionary
implications of manual similarities between crown primates
and plesiadapiforms, we measured the lengths of the
metacarpal, proximal phalanx, and intermediate phalanx of
manual ray III for 132 extant mammal species (n=702
individuals). These data were compared with measurements of
hands in six plesiadapiform species using ternary diagrams
and phalangeal indices. Our analyses reveal that many
arboreal mammals (including some tree shrews, rodents,
marsupials, and carnivorans) have manual ray III proportions
similar to those of various arboreal primates. By contrast,
terrestrial tree shrews have hand proportions most similar
to those of other terrestrial mammals, and colugos are
highly derived in having relatively long intermediate
phalanges. Phalangeal indices of arboreal species are
significantly greater than those of the terrestrial species
in our sample, reflecting the utility of having relatively
long digits in an arboreal context. Although mammals known
to be capable of prehensile grips demonstrate long digits
relative to palm length, this feature is not uniquely
associated with manual prehension and should be interpreted
with caution in fossil taxa. Among plesiadapiforms,
Carpolestes, Nannodectes, Ignacius, and Dryomomys have
manual ray III proportions that are unlike those of most
terrestrial species and most similar to those of various
arboreal species of primates, tree shrews, and rodents.
Within Euarchonta, Ignacius and Carpolestes have intrinsic
hand proportions most comparable to those of living arboreal
primates, while Nannodectes is very similar to the arboreal
tree shrew Tupaia minor. These results provide additional
evidence that plesiadapiforms were arboreal and support the
hypothesis that Euarchonta originated in an arboreal
milieu.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.02.008},
Key = {fds239811}
}
@article{fds239782,
Author = {Gunnell, GF and Bown, TM and Bloch, JI and Boyer,
DM},
Title = {Proteutheria},
Pages = {63-81},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511541438.006},
Abstract = {INTRODUCTION Romer (1966) proposed a new suborder,
“Proteutheria,” for insectivorous mammals that had no
clear relationship to living insectivorans. Romer's concept
of “Proteutheria” included leptictids, zalambdalestids,
anagalids, paroxyclaenids, pantolestids, ptolemaiids,
tupaiids, pentacodontids, apatemyids, and macroscelidians.
“Proteutheria” as constituted by Romer is an unnatural
grouping and cannot be sustained phylogenetically. According
to McKenna and Bell (1997), the lowest-level grouping that
contains all of the mammals discussed in this chapter is the
Magnorder Epitheria (cohort Placentalia). Within the
Epitheria, Romer's “proteutherians” are distributed
unevenly in the Superorders Leptictida (leptictids) and
Preptotheria. “Proteutheria” is perhaps still best
thought of as a paraphyletic group of archaic insectivorous
mammals traditionally not placed in Lipotyphla. Bloch, Rose,
and Gingerich (1998) showed that taxa included in this group
generally exhibit larger body size than those grouped in
Lipotyphla and argued that the term was still useful in
representing an ecologically coherent subset of Paleogene
faunas. We include Palaeoryctidae, Cimolestidae,
Pantolestidae, and Apatemyidae as members of this informal
group. Palaeoryctidae are known from the early Paleocene
through early Eocene in North America. Some species from the
Late Cretaceous of Asia and Europe, and from the late
Paleocene to early Eocene of Africa, may also be
palaeoryctids (McKenna and Bell, 1997). Cimolestids first
appear in the Late Cretaceous in North America, represented
by Cimolestes, and survive through the Duchesnean, last
represented by Didelphodus.},
Doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511541438.006},
Key = {fds239782}
}
@misc{fds336363,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Bloch, JI},
Title = {Evaluating the mitten-gliding hypothesis for paromomyidae
and micromomyidae (mammalia, “Plesiadapiformes”) using
comparative functional morphology of new paleogene
Skeletons},
Pages = {233-284},
Booktitle = {Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology},
Publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9781402069963},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6997-0_11},
Abstract = {Teeth of primate-like mammals from the Paleogene
(“plesiadapiforms”) have been known for at least 130
years (Gervais, 1877). These fossil taxa are generally
recognized as being closely related, but not monophyletic
(e.g., Gingerich, 1976; Szalay et al., 1987; Beard, 1993a;
Silcox, 2001; Bloch and Boyer, 2002a; Bloch et al., 2007)
and we maintain that view here. Thus “plesiadapiforms”
are referred to with quotation marks throughout the text to
reflect that status. Vertebrate paleontologists have
struggled to understand the nature of the phylogenetic
relationship of “plesiadapiforms” to the extant and
extinct members of crown group Primates [= Euprimates
(Hoffstetter, 1977)], since Plesiadapis was first described
by Gervais in 1877 (e.g., Lemoine, 1887; Stehlin, 1916;
Teilhardde-Chardin, 1922; Gidley, 1923; Simpson, 1935;
Russell, 1959; Simons, 1972; Szalay, 1973; Gingerich, 1975,
1976; Szalay et al., 1975; MacPhee et al., 1983; Gunnell,
1989; Kay et al., 1990; Beard, 1993a; Silcox, 2001; Bloch
and Boyer, 2002a). The strongest support for a close
relationship between “plesiadapiforms” and Euprimates,
specifically, has historically come from the excellent
fossil record of teeth known for “plesiadapiforms,”
first in Europe and then in North America (e.g., Gidley,
1923). Cranial and postcranial fossils were relatively rare
and fragmentary initially, such that the first researchers
were unable to evaluate the presence of non-dental euprimate
features in “plesiadapiforms.” As nondental fossils of
“plesiadapiforms” were recovered there was some
disagreement as to whether they suggested treeshrew or
euprimate affinities. A humerus from the San Juan Basin (at
the time attributed to Nothodectes) was figured by Gregory
(1920) and interpreted to fit the “tupaioid” pattern.
Later, a crushed skull and additional postcranial material
associated with that specimen (and now referred to
Nannodectes gidleyi Gingerich) was interpreted by Simpson
(1935) as being similar to both lemurs and treeshrews. An
implication of this acknowledged similarity was that
Nannodectes spent time in the trees, as expected for the
early forebears of the euprimate clade. However, Simpson
(1935) discounted the similarities to treeshrews as being
primitive (plesiomorphic), while he emphasized perceived
shared-derived (synapomorphic) characters with lemurs as
supporting a relationship with Euprimates. At the same time,
he rejected any special relationship to Daubentonia, an idea
that had been seriously considered based on the shared
presence of procumbent incisors (Stehlin, 1916;
Teilhard-de-Chardin, 1922). Instead, Simpson (1935)
attributed this similarity to convergence. He interpreted
the procumbent incisors of Nannodectes as feeding
specializations for a way of life that likely differed in
significant respects from that of the euprimates to which he
had compared it (Lemur and Notharctus). He also interpreted
the differences between Nannodectes and euprimates in other
parts of the skeleton to reflect differing ecological
specializations. These differences indicated to Simpson that
Nannodectes could not be the direct ancestor to later
occurring euprimates. Description of two skulls of
Plesiadapis tricuspidens, from Cernay and Berru, France,
appeared to support a euprimate relationship in certain
characteristics. These included a bony auditory bulla
continuous with the petrosal bone, and a thin, ring-like
intrabullar component to the ectotympanic bone (Russell,
1959, 1964; Szalay, 1971; Gingerich, 1976; Szalay et al.,
1987). Additional cranial material also supported a
“plesiadapiform”-euprimate link. Szalay (1972b)
described Phenacolemur jepseni, and found that it too had a
petrosal bulla (although, see MacPhee et al., 1983; Bloch
and Silcox, 2001), and additionally, that it had a large
posterior carotid canal for the internal carotid artery. He
concluded that it would have had a transpromontorial bony
tube for this vessel, as in many early Eocene adapoid and
omomyoid euprimates. Additional evidence for an arboreal
lifestyle began to accumulate with fragmentary postcranials
(e.g., Szalay and Decker, 1974).},
Doi = {10.1007/978-1-4020-6997-0_11},
Key = {fds336363}
}
@article{fds239792,
Author = {Bloch, JI and Boyer, DM},
Title = {New skeletons of paleocene-eocene plesiadapiformes: A
diversity of arboreal positional behaviors in early
primates},
Pages = {535-581},
Publisher = {Springer US},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-33507-0_16},
Abstract = {Knowledge of plesiadapiform skeletal morphology and inferred
ecological roles are critical for establishing the
evolutionary context that led to the appearance and
diversification of Euprimates (see Silcox, this volume).
Plesiadapiform dentitions are morphologically diverse,
representing over 120 species usually classified in 11
families from the Paleocene and Eocene of North America,
Europe, and Asia (Hooker et al., 1999; Silcox, 2001; Silcox
and Gunnell, in press). Despite this documented diversity in
dentitions, implying correlated diversities in diets and
positional behaviors, very little is known about postcranial
morphology among plesiadapiforms. What is known has been
largely inferred from a limited number of plesiadapid
specimens, representing only a small sample of the known
taxonomic diversity from North America and Europe (Beard,
1989; Gingerich, 1976; Russell, 1964; Simpson, 1935a; Szalay
et al., 1975). While it has been suggested that plesiadapids
may have been terrestrial, similar to extant Marmota
(Gingerich, 1976), the consensus in the literature is that
they were arboreal (Beard, 1989; Godinot and Beard, 1991;
Rose et al., 1994; Russell, 1964; Szalay and Dagosto, 1980;
Szalay and Decker, 1974; Szalay and Drawhorn, 1980; Szalay
et al., 1975). While it has been further suggested that
plesiadapids might have been gliders (Russell, 1964; Walker,
1974) or arboreal quadrupeds (Napier and Walker, 1967), they
are now thought to have been more generalized arborealists
with some specializations for vertical postures (Beard,
1989; Godinot and Beard, 1991; Gunnell and Gingerich, 1987;
Silcox, 2001). Commenting on the need for a taxonomically
broader sample of plesiadapiform postcranial skeletons, F.
S. Szalay wrote: "It may be that once postcranial elements
of the Paleocene primate radiation become more common,
Plesiadapis might become recognized as a relatively more
aberrant form than the majority of early primates" (Szalay,
1972: 18). In fact, this prediction has been validated in
the course of the last 15 years of paleontological field and
laboratory research. Since the early 1980s, field crews and
fossil preparation labs of the University of Michigan Museum
of Paleontology (UM), New Mexico State University (fossils
housed at the U.S. National Museum of Natural History,
USNM), and John Hopkins University (fossils also in the
USNM) have recovered a number of plesiadapiform skeletons
representing groups other than the Plesiadapidae. Several of
these specimens with associated dentition and postcrania
were collected from mudstones in the Bighorn Basin (Beard,
1989, 1990; Rose, 2001); however, the most complete
specimens, including semi-to fully-articulated individuals,
are derived from fossiliferous limestones in the Clarks Fork
Basin (Bloch, 2001; Bloch and Boyer, 2001; 2002a,b; Bloch et
al., 2001, 2003; Boyer and Bloch, 2000, 2002a,b; Boyer et
al., 2001). Beard (1989, 1990, 1993a,b) studied postcranial
specimens attributed to paromomyid and micromomyid
plesiadapiforms and concluded that these taxa were very
different from known plesiadapids in their locomotor
repertoire. Specifically, Beard proposed that micromomyids
and paromomyids were mitten-gliders and shared a
sister-group relationship with extant dermopterans
(=Eudermoptera of Beard, 1993a). Both the mitten-gliding
hypothesis and the character support for Eudermoptera have
since been questioned both with respect to the original
evidence (Hamrick et al., 1999; Krause, 1991; Runestad and
Ruff, 1995; Silcox, 2001, 2003; Stafford and Thorington,
1998; Szalay and Lucas, 1993, 1996) and based on new
limestone-derived specimens that are far more complete and
have more carefully documented dental-postcranial
associations (Bloch, 2001; Bloch and Boyer, 2001; 2002a,b;
Bloch and Silcox, 2001; Bloch et al., 2001, 2003; Boyer and
Bloch, 2000; 2002a,b; Boyer et al., 2001). Despite doubt
regarding Beards original arguments for gliding and a close
relationship to Dermoptera, the observation that
micromomyids and paromomyids are postcranially distinct from
the better known plesiadapids is not disputed. Furthermore,
a recent study of a carpolestid plesiadapiform skeleton
(Bloch and Boyer, 2002b) indicates that these animals were
different from plesiadapids, paromomyids and micromomyids in
exhibiting capabilities for strong pedal grasping in a
manner similar to euprimates (Bloch and Boyer, 2002a).
Overall, these skeletons confirm the implications of the
diverse dental remains by suggesting a commensurate
diversity in positional behaviors among plesiadapiforms.
This chapter includes: (1) a review of the methods for
documenting postcranial-dental associations in freshwater
limestone deposits from which most of the new significant
plesiadapiform material is derived, (2) a summary of the
postcranial anatomy and inferred positional behaviors of
plesiadapiforms based on these new specimens, and (3) a
discussion of the implications of the newly discovered
postcranial anatomy for phylogenetic reconstructions and
understanding primate origins and evolution. © Springer
Science+Business Media, LLC 2007.},
Doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-33507-0_16},
Key = {fds239792}
}
@article{fds239810,
Author = {Silcox, MT and Boyer, DM and Bloch, JI and Sargis,
EJ},
Title = {Revisiting the adaptive origins of primates
(again).},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {53},
Number = {3},
Pages = {321-324},
Year = {2007},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.01.010},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.01.010},
Key = {fds239810}
}
@article{fds239812,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Georgi, JA},
Title = {Cranial morphology of a pantolestid eutherian mammal from
the eocene bridger formation, Wyoming, USA: Implications for
relationships and habitat},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalian Evolution},
Volume = {14},
Number = {4},
Pages = {239-280},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2007},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1064-7554},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10914-007-9055-5},
Abstract = {Pantolestinae is a eutherian subfamily of mammals whose
members are known from the middle early Paleocene through at
least the beginning of the Oligocene of North America. They
are also known from Europe, and possibly Africa. A lack of
information on pantolestine skulls has prevented the use of
cranial anatomy in evaluation of this group's enigmatic
higher-level phylogenetic relationships. Conversely,
postcranial skeletons are well known and locomotor
interpretations based on them are robust. The most complete
known skull of a pantolestine, Pantolestes longicaudus (YPM
13525), is described here and compared to potential close
fossil relatives and extant mammals. Semicircular canal
morphology is used to test locomotor hypotheses. YPM 13525
lacks an ossified bulla. It has a mediolaterally broad
basioccipital, a large entoglenoid process, and a deeply
incised glaserian fissure of the squamosal, caudal and
rostral tympanic processes on the petrosal, a foramen for an
internal carotid artery (ICA) that entered the tympanic
cavity from a posteromedial position, bony tubes enclosing
the main stem and transpromontorial branch of the ICA, a
large anterior carotid foramen formed within the
basisphenoid, evidence of a stapedial artery ramus superior,
a groove on the dorsal aspect of the basisphenoid leading to
the piriform fenestra possibly for drainage of the cavernous
sinus to an extracranial inferior petrosal sinus, a dorsum
sellae with well-developed posterior clinoid processes, a
foramen rotundum within the alisphenoid, and a sphenorbital
fissure between the alisphenoid and orbitosphenoid. Overall,
the morphology is not strikingly similar to any potential
close relative and the phylogenetic position of
Pantolestinae cannot be estimated without cladistic analysis
of a character matrix that includes this new morphology and
broadly samples extant and extinct eutherian taxa.
Semicircular canal morphology differs from that of two
likely terrestrial Paleocene mammals, Aphronorus (another
pantolestid) and Eoryctes (a palaeoryctid), suggesting a
different, possibly semi-aquatic, lifestyle for Pantolestes.
© 2007 Springer Science+Business Media,
LLC.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10914-007-9055-5},
Key = {fds239812}
}
@article{fds239809,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Patel, BA and Larson, SG and Stern,
JT},
Title = {Telemetered electromyography of peroneus longus in Varecia
variegata and Eulemur rubriventer: implications for the
functional significance of a large peroneal
process.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {53},
Number = {2},
Pages = {119-134},
Year = {2007},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.10.007},
Abstract = {A foot specialized for grasping small branches with a
divergent opposable hallux (hallucal grasping) represents a
key adaptive complex characterizing almost all arboreal
non-human euprimates. Evolution of such grasping extremities
probably allowed members of a lineage leading to the common
ancestor of modern primates to access resources available in
a small-branch niche, including angiosperm products and
insects. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which
euprimates use their feet to grasp will help clarify the
functional significance of morphological differences between
the euprimate grasp complex and features representing
specialized grasping in other distantly related groups
(e.g., marsupials and carnivorans) and in closely related
fossil taxa (e.g., plesiadapiforms). In particular, among
specialized graspers euprimates are uniquely characterized
by a large peroneal process on the base of the first
metatarsal, but the functional significance of this trait is
poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that the large
size of the peroneal process corresponds to the pull of the
attaching peroneus longus muscle recruited to adduct the
hallux during grasping. Using telemetered electromyography
on three individuals of Varecia variegata and two of Eulemur
rubriventer, we found that peroneus longus does not
generally exhibit activity consistent with an important
function in hallucal grasping. Instead, extrinsic digital
flexor muscles and, sometimes, the intrinsic adductor
hallucis are active in ways that indicate a function in
grasping with the hallux. Peroneus longus helps evert the
foot and resists its inversion. We conclude that the large
peroneal tuberosity that characterizes the hallucal
metatarsal of prosimian euprimates does not correlate to
"powerful" grasping with a divergent hallux in general, and
cannot specifically be strongly linked to vertical clinging
and climbing on small-diameter supports. Thus, the
functional significance of this hallmark, euprimate feature
remains to be determined.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.10.007},
Key = {fds239809}
}
@article{fds239808,
Author = {Sargis, EJ and Boyer, DM and Bloch, JI and Silcox,
MT},
Title = {Evolution of pedal grasping in Primates.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {53},
Number = {1},
Pages = {103-107},
Year = {2007},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.01.008},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.01.008},
Key = {fds239808}
}
@article{fds239807,
Author = {Bloch, JI and Silcox, MT and Boyer, DM and Sargis,
EJ},
Title = {New Paleocene skeletons and the relationship of
plesiadapiforms to crown-clade primates.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {104},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1159-1164},
Year = {2007},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0610579104},
Abstract = {Plesiadapiforms are central to studies of the origin and
evolution of primates and other euarchontan mammals (tree
shrews and flying lemurs). We report results from a
comprehensive cladistic analysis using cranial, postcranial,
and dental evidence including data from recently discovered
Paleocene plesiadapiform skeletons (Ignacius clarkforkensis
sp. nov.; Dryomomys szalayi, gen. et sp. nov.), and the most
plesiomorphic extant tree shrew, Ptilocercus lowii. Our
results, based on the fossil record, unambiguously place
plesiadapiforms with Euprimates and indicate that the
divergence of Primates (sensu lato) from other euarchontans
likely occurred before or just after the Cretaceous/Tertiary
boundary (65 Mya), notably later than logistical model and
molecular estimates. Anatomical features associated with
specialized pedal grasping (including a nail on the hallux)
and a petrosal bulla likely evolved in the common ancestor
of Plesiadapoidea and Euprimates (Euprimateformes) by 62 Mya
in either Asia or North America. Our results are consistent
with those from recent molecular analyses that group
Dermoptera with Scandentia. We find no evidence to support
the hypothesis that any plesiadapiforms were mitten-gliders
or closely related to Dermoptera.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0610579104},
Key = {fds239807}
}
@article{fds239806,
Author = {Wing, SL and Harrington, GJ and Smith, FA and Bloch, JI and Boyer, DM and Freeman, KH},
Title = {Transient floral change and rapid global warming at the
Paleocene-Eocene boundary.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {310},
Number = {5750},
Pages = {993-996},
Year = {2005},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1116913},
Abstract = {Rapid global warming of 5 degrees to 10 degrees C during the
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) coincided with major
turnover in vertebrate faunas, but previous studies have
found little floral change. Plant fossils discovered in
Wyoming, United States, show that PETM floras were a mixture
of native and migrant lineages and that plant range shifts
were large and rapid (occurring within 10,000 years). Floral
composition and leaf shape and size suggest that climate
warmed by approximately 5 degrees C during the PETM and that
precipitation was low early in the event and increased
later. Floral response to warming and/or increased
atmospheric CO2 during the PETM was comparable in rate and
magnitude to that seen in postglacial floras and to the
predicted effects of anthropogenic carbon release and
climate change on future vegetation.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1116913},
Key = {fds239806}
}
@article{fds239805,
Author = {Bloch, JI and Boyer, DM},
Title = {Grasping primate origins.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {298},
Number = {5598},
Pages = {1606-1610},
Year = {2002},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1078249},
Abstract = {The evolutionary history that led to Eocene-and-later
primates of modern aspect (Euprimates) has been uncertain.
We describe a skeleton of Paleocene plesiadapiform
Carpolestes simpsoni that includes most of the skull and
many postcranial bones. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that
Carpolestidae are closely related to Euprimates. C. simpsoni
had long fingers and an opposable hallux with a nail. It
lacked orbital convergence and an ankle specialized for
leaping. We infer that the ancestor of Euprimates was
primitively an arboreal grasper adapted for terminal branch
feeding rather than a specialized leaper or visually
directed predator.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1078249},
Key = {fds239805}
}
@article{fds239804,
Author = {Bloch, JI and Boyer, DM and Gingerich, PD and Gunnell,
GF},
Title = {New primitive paromomyid from the clarkforkian of wyoming
and dental eruption in plesiadapiformes},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {22},
Number = {2},
Pages = {366-379},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0366:NPPFTC]2.0.CO;2},
Abstract = {Clarkforkian late Paleocene freshwater limestone from the
Clarks Fork Basin, Wyoming, has yielded four specimens of
the plesiadapiform paromomyid, Acidomomys hebeticus gen. et
sp. nov. A. hebeticus has a strong metaconid on p4, a small
double-rooted p3, and a very diminutive i2. Presence of p3
and i2 is primitive, and their retention in A. hebeticus
suggests that this taxon is part of a previously unknown
lineage that diverged from other paromomyids by the early or
middle Paleocene. Acidomomys hebeticus is represented by
virtually complete upper and lower dentitions, all from less
than fully mature individuals, with teeth at one of three
stages of development. The dental eruption sequence differs
from that of other plesiadapiforms in having p3 erupt before
p4 (p3 erupts after p4 in microsyopids, and p3 and p4 erupt
simultaneously in plesiadapids). A. hebeticus differs from
Plesiadapis and primitive primates, in which the premolars
erupt after m3 is in place, in having p3/P3 erupt before or
at the same time as that of m3/M3. It is similar to
Plesiadapis in having p4 erupt after the molars are in
place, a condition considered primitive in primates. While
these differences in dental eruption sequence between
representatives of Paromomyidae, Microsyopidae, and
Plesiadapidae could be phylogenetically significant, they
may instead reflect adaptive differences in dental
morphology, facial architecture, or life history. © 2002 by
the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology.},
Doi = {10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0366:NPPFTC]2.0.CO;2},
Key = {fds239804}
}
%% Brannon, Elizabeth M.
@article{fds250856,
Author = {NK DeWind and GK Adams and ML Platt and EM Brannon},
Title = {Modeling the approximate number system to quantify the
contribution of visual stimulus features.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {142},
Pages = {247-265},
Year = {2015},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0010-0277},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2015.05.016},
Abstract = {The approximate number system (ANS) subserves estimation of
the number of items in a set. Typically, ANS function is
assessed by requiring participants to compare the number of
dots in two arrays. Accuracy is determined by the numerical
ratio of the sets being compared, and each participant's
Weber fraction (w) provides a quantitative index of ANS
acuity. When making numerical comparisons, however,
performance is also influenced by non-numerical features of
the stimuli, such as the size and spacing of dots. Current
models of numerosity comparison do not account for these
effects and consequently lead to different estimates of w
depending on the methods used to control for non-numerical
features. Here we proffer a new model that teases apart the
effects of ANS acuity from the effects of non-numerical
stimulus features. The result is an estimate of w that is a
more theoretically valid representation of numerical acuity
and novel terms that denote the degree to which a
participant's perception of number is affected by
non-numerical features. We tested this model in a sample of
20 adults and found that, by correctly attributing errors
due to non-numerical stimulus features, the w obtained was
more reliable across different stimulus conditions. We found
that although non-numerical features biased numerosity
discriminations in all participants, number was the primary
feature driving discriminations in most of them. Our
findings support the idea that, while numerosity is a
distinct visual quantity, the internal representation of
number is tightly bound to the representation of other
magnitudes. This tool for identifying the different effects
of the numerical and non-numerical features of a stimulus
has important implications not only for the behavioral
investigation of the ANS, but also for the collection and
analyses of neural data sets associated with ANS
function.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2015.05.016},
Key = {fds250856}
}
@article{fds250857,
Author = {J Holmes and S Butterfield and F Cormack and AV Loenhoud and L Ruggero and L Kashikar and S Gathercole},
Title = {Improving working memory in children with low language
abilities},
Journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
Volume = {6},
Year = {2015},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00519},
Doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00519},
Key = {fds250857}
}
@article{fds250858,
Author = {J Park and EM Brannon},
Title = {Improving arithmetic performance with number sense training:
an investigation of underlying mechanism.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {133},
Number = {1},
Pages = {188-200},
Year = {2014},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0010-0277},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2014.06.011},
Abstract = {A nonverbal primitive number sense allows approximate
estimation and mental manipulations on numerical quantities
without the use of numerical symbols. In a recent randomized
controlled intervention study in adults, we demonstrated
that repeated training on a non-symbolic approximate
arithmetic task resulted in improved exact symbolic
arithmetic performance, suggesting a causal relationship
between the primitive number sense and arithmetic
competence. Here, we investigate the potential mechanisms
underlying this causal relationship. We constructed multiple
training conditions designed to isolate distinct cognitive
components of the approximate arithmetic task. We then
assessed the effectiveness of these training conditions in
improving exact symbolic arithmetic in adults. We found that
training on approximate arithmetic, but not on numerical
comparison, numerical matching, or visuo-spatial short-term
memory, improves symbolic arithmetic performance. In
addition, a second experiment revealed that our approximate
arithmetic task does not require verbal encoding of number,
ruling out an alternative explanation that participants use
exact symbolic strategies during approximate arithmetic
training. Based on these results, we propose that nonverbal
numerical quantity manipulation is one key factor that
drives the link between the primitive number sense and
symbolic arithmetic competence. Future work should
investigate whether training young children on approximate
arithmetic tasks even before they solidify their symbolic
number understanding is fruitful for improving readiness for
math education.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2014.06.011},
Key = {fds250858}
}
@article{fds250863,
Author = {M Pinhas and SE Donohue and MG Woldorff and EM
Brannon},
Title = {Electrophysiological evidence for the involvement of the
approximate number system in preschoolers' processing of
spoken number words.},
Journal = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience},
Volume = {26},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1891-1904},
Year = {2014},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00631},
Abstract = {Little is known about the neural underpinnings of number
word comprehension in young children. Here we investigated
the neural processing of these words during the crucial
developmental window in which children learn their meanings
and asked whether such processing relies on the Approximate
Number System. ERPs were recorded as 3- to 5-year-old
children heard the words one, two, three, or six while
looking at pictures of 1, 2, 3, or 6 objects. The auditory
number word was incongruent with the number of visual
objects on half the trials and congruent on the other half.
Children's number word comprehension predicted their ERP
incongruency effects. Specifically, children with the least
number word knowledge did not show any ERP incongruency
effects, whereas those with intermediate and high number
word knowledge showed an enhanced, negative polarity
incongruency response (N(inc)) over centroparietal sites
from 200 to 500 msec after the number word onset. This
negativity was followed by an enhanced, positive polarity
incongruency effect (P(inc)) that emerged bilaterally over
parietal sites at about 700 msec. Moreover, children with
the most number word knowledge showed ratio dependence in
the P(inc) (larger for greater compared with smaller
numerical mismatches), a hallmark of the Approximate Number
System. Importantly, a similar modulation of the P(inc) from
700 to 800 msec was found in children with intermediate
number word knowledge. These results provide the first
neural correlates of spoken number word comprehension in
preschoolers and are consistent with the view that children
map number words onto approximate number representations
before they fully master the verbal count
list.},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00631},
Key = {fds250863}
}
@article{fds250862,
Author = {CB Drucker and EM Brannon},
Title = {Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) map number onto
space.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {132},
Number = {1},
Pages = {57-67},
Year = {2014},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0010-0277},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2014.03.011},
Abstract = {Humans map number onto space. However, the origins of this
association, and particularly the degree to which it depends
upon cultural experience, are not fully understood. Here we
provide the first demonstration of a number-space mapping in
a non-human primate. We trained four adult male rhesus
macaques (Macaca mulatta) to select the fourth position from
the bottom of a five-element vertical array. Monkeys
maintained a preference to choose the fourth position
through changes in the appearance, location, and spacing of
the vertical array. We next asked whether monkeys show a
spatially-oriented number mapping by testing their responses
to the same five-element stimulus array rotated ninety
degrees into a horizontal line. In these horizontal probe
trials, monkeys preferentially selected the fourth position
from the left, but not the fourth position from the right.
Our results indicate that rhesus macaques map number onto
space, suggesting that the association between number and
space in human cognition is not purely a result of cultural
experience and instead has deep evolutionary
roots.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2014.03.011},
Key = {fds250862}
}
@article{fds250861,
Author = {EL MacLean and B Hare and CL Nunn and E Addessi and F Amici and RC
Anderson, F Aureli and JM Baker and AE Bania and AM Barnard and NJ
Boogert, EM Brannon and EE Bray and J Bray and LJ Brent and JM Burkart and J Call and JF Cantlon and LG Cheke and NS Clayton and MM Delgado and LJ
DiVincenti, K Fujita and E Herrmann and C Hiramatsu and LF Jacobs and KE
Jordan, JR Laude and KL Leimgruber and EJ Messer and AC Moura and L
Ostojić, A Picard and ML Platt and JM Plotnik and F Range and SM
Reader, RB Reddy and AA Sandel and LR Santos and K Schumann and AM Seed and KB Sewall and RC Shaw and KE Slocombe and Y Su and A Takimoto and J Tan and R
Tao, CP van Schaik and Z Virányi and E Visalberghi and JC Wade and A
Watanabe, J Widness and JK Young and TR Zentall and Y
Zhao},
Title = {The evolution of self-control.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {111},
Number = {20},
Pages = {E2140-E2148},
Year = {2014},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1323533111},
Abstract = {Cognition presents evolutionary research with one of its
greatest challenges. Cognitive evolution has been explained
at the proximate level by shifts in absolute and relative
brain volume and at the ultimate level by differences in
social and dietary complexity. However, no study has
integrated the experimental and phylogenetic approach at the
scale required to rigorously test these explanations.
Instead, previous research has largely relied on various
measures of brain size as proxies for cognitive abilities.
We experimentally evaluated these major evolutionary
explanations by quantitatively comparing the cognitive
performance of 567 individuals representing 36 species on
two problem-solving tasks measuring self-control.
Phylogenetic analysis revealed that absolute brain volume
best predicted performance across species and accounted for
considerably more variance than brain volume controlling for
body mass. This result corroborates recent advances in
evolutionary neurobiology and illustrates the cognitive
consequences of cortical reorganization through increases in
brain volume. Within primates, dietary breadth but not
social group size was a strong predictor of species
differences in self-control. Our results implicate robust
evolutionary relationships between dietary breadth, absolute
brain volume, and self-control. These findings provide a
significant first step toward quantifying the primate
cognitive phenome and explaining the process of cognitive
evolution.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1323533111},
Key = {fds250861}
}
@article{fds302514,
Author = {SM Jones and J Pearson and NK DeWind and D Paulsen and AM Tenekedjieva and EM Brannon},
Title = {Lemurs and macaques show similar numerical
sensitivity.},
Journal = {Anim Cogn},
Volume = {17},
Number = {3},
Pages = {503-515},
Year = {2014},
Month = {May},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24068469},
Abstract = {We investigated the precision of the approximate number
system (ANS) in three lemur species (Lemur catta, Eulemur
mongoz, and Eulemur macaco flavifrons), one Old World monkey
species (Macaca mulatta) and humans (Homo sapiens). In
Experiment 1, four individuals of each nonhuman primate
species were trained to select the numerically larger of two
visual arrays on a touchscreen. We estimated numerical
acuity by modeling Weber fractions (w) and found
quantitatively equivalent performance among all four
nonhuman primate species. In Experiment 2, we tested adult
humans in a similar procedure, and they outperformed the
four nonhuman species but showed qualitatively similar
performance. These results indicate that the ANS is
conserved over the primate order.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-013-0682-3},
Key = {fds302514}
}
@article{fds250864,
Author = {J Park and R Li and EM Brannon},
Title = {Neural connectivity patterns underlying symbolic number
processing indicate mathematical achievement in
children},
Journal = {Developmental Science},
Volume = {17},
Number = {2},
Pages = {187-202},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1363-755X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/desc.12114},
Abstract = {In early childhood, humans learn culturally specific symbols
for number that allow them entry into the world of complex
numerical thinking. Yet little is known about how the brain
supports the development of the uniquely human symbolic
number system. Here, we use functional magnetic resonance
imaging along with an effective connectivity analysis to
investigate the neural substrates for symbolic number
processing in young children. We hypothesized that, as
children solidify the mapping between symbols and underlying
magnitudes, important developmental changes occur in the
neural communication between the right parietal region,
important for the representation of non-symbolic numerical
magnitudes, and other brain regions known to be critical for
processing numerical symbols. To test this hypothesis, we
scanned children between 4 and 6 years of age while they
performed a magnitude comparison task with Arabic numerals
(numerical, symbolic), dot arrays (numerical, non-symbolic),
and lines (non-numerical). We then identified the right
parietal seed region that showed greater
blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal in the numerical versus
the non-numerical conditions. A psychophysiological
interaction method was used to find patterns of effective
connectivity arising from this parietal seed region specific
to symbolic compared to non-symbolic number processing. Two
brain regions, the left supramarginal gyrus and the right
precentral gyrus, showed significant effective connectivity
from the right parietal cortex. Moreover, the degree of this
effective connectivity to the left supramarginal gyrus was
correlated with age, and the degree of the connectivity to
the right precentral gyrus predicted performance on a
standardized symbolic math test. These findings suggest that
effective connectivity underlying symbolic number processing
may be critical as children master the associations between
numerical symbols and magnitudes, and that these
connectivity patterns may serve as an important indicator of
mathematical achievement. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons
Ltd.},
Doi = {10.1111/desc.12114},
Key = {fds250864}
}
@article{fds250866,
Author = {J Park and R Li and EM Brannon},
Title = {Neural connectivity patterns underlying symbolic number
processing indicate mathematical achievement in
children.},
Journal = {Dev Sci},
Volume = {17},
Number = {2},
Pages = {187-202},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24267664},
Abstract = {In early childhood, humans learn culturally specific symbols
for number that allow them entry into the world of complex
numerical thinking. Yet little is known about how the brain
supports the development of the uniquely human symbolic
number system. Here, we use functional magnetic resonance
imaging along with an effective connectivity analysis to
investigate the neural substrates for symbolic number
processing in young children. We hypothesized that, as
children solidify the mapping between symbols and underlying
magnitudes, important developmental changes occur in the
neural communication between the right parietal region,
important for the representation of non-symbolic numerical
magnitudes, and other brain regions known to be critical for
processing numerical symbols. To test this hypothesis, we
scanned children between 4 and 6 years of age while they
performed a magnitude comparison task with Arabic numerals
(numerical, symbolic), dot arrays (numerical, non-symbolic),
and lines (non-numerical). We then identified the right
parietal seed region that showed greater
blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal in the numerical versus
the non-numerical conditions. A psychophysiological
interaction method was used to find patterns of effective
connectivity arising from this parietal seed region specific
to symbolic compared to non-symbolic number processing. Two
brain regions, the left supramarginal gyrus and the right
precentral gyrus, showed significant effective connectivity
from the right parietal cortex. Moreover, the degree of this
effective connectivity to the left supramarginal gyrus was
correlated with age, and the degree of the connectivity to
the right precentral gyrus predicted performance on a
standardized symbolic math test. These findings suggest that
effective connectivity underlying symbolic number processing
may be critical as children master the associations between
numerical symbols and magnitudes, and that these
connectivity patterns may serve as an important indicator of
mathematical achievement.},
Doi = {10.1111/desc.12114},
Key = {fds250866}
}
@article{fds250865,
Author = {ME Libertus and A Starr and EM Brannon},
Title = {Number trumps area for 7-month-old infants.},
Journal = {Dev Psychol},
Volume = {50},
Number = {1},
Pages = {108-112},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23647413},
Abstract = {Over the past few decades, there has been extensive debate
as to whether humans represent number abstractly and, if so,
whether perceptual features of a set such as cumulative
surface area or contour length are extracted more readily
than number from the external world. Here we show that
7-month-old infants are sensitive to smaller ratio changes
in number than cumulative area when each variable is tested
separately and that infants prefer to look at number changes
compared with area changes when the 2 variables are pitted
directly against each other. Our results provide strong
evidence that number is a more salient dimension to young
infants than cumulative surface area and that infants'
ability to discriminate sets on the basis of number is more
finely tuned than their ability to discriminate sets on the
basis of cumulative surface area.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0032986},
Key = {fds250865}
}
@misc{fds220649,
Author = {E.M. Brannon and Park, J.},
Title = {Navigator Chapter for: Phylogeny and Ontogeny of
Mathematical and Numerical understanding},
Booktitle = {Handbook on Mathematical Cognition},
Publisher = {Oxford Press},
Year = {2014},
Key = {fds220649}
}
@article{fds250869,
Author = {A Starr and ME Libertus and EM Brannon},
Title = {Number sense in infancy predicts mathematical abilities in
childhood.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {110},
Number = {45},
Pages = {18116-18120},
Year = {2013},
Month = {November},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24145427},
Abstract = {Human infants in the first year of life possess an intuitive
sense of number. This preverbal number sense may serve as a
developmental building block for the uniquely human capacity
for mathematics. In support of this idea, several studies
have demonstrated that nonverbal number sense is correlated
with mathematical abilities in children and adults. However,
there has been no direct evidence that infant numerical
abilities are related to mathematical abilities later in
childhood. Here, we provide evidence that preverbal number
sense in infancy predicts mathematical abilities in
preschool-aged children. Numerical preference scores at 6
months of age correlated with both standardized math test
scores and nonsymbolic number comparison scores at 3.5 years
of age, suggesting that preverbal number sense facilitates
the acquisition of numerical symbols and mathematical
abilities. This relationship held even after controlling for
general intelligence, indicating that preverbal number sense
imparts a unique contribution to mathematical ability. These
results validate the many prior studies purporting to show
number sense in infancy and support the hypothesis that
mathematics is built upon an intuitive sense of number that
predates language.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1302751110},
Key = {fds250869}
}
@article{fds250903,
Author = {DJ Merritt and EM Brannon},
Title = {Nothing to it: precursors to a zero concept in
preschoolers.},
Journal = {Behav Processes},
Volume = {93},
Pages = {91-97},
Year = {2013},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0376-6357},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23219980},
Abstract = {Do young children understand the numerical value of empty
sets prior to developing a concept of symbolic zero? Are
empty sets represented as mental magnitudes? In order to
investigate these questions, we tested 4-year old children
and adults with a numerical ordering task in which the goal
was to select two stimuli in ascending numerical order with
occasional empty set stimuli. Both children and adults
showed distance effects for empty sets. Children who were
unable to order the symbol zero (e.g., 0<1), but who
successfully ordered countable integers (e.g., 2<4)
nevertheless showed distance effects with empty sets. These
results suggest that empty sets are represented on the same
numerical continuum as non-empty sets and that children
represent empty sets numerically prior to understanding
symbolic zero.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.beproc.2012.11.001},
Key = {fds250903}
}
@article{fds250867,
Author = {J Park and EM Brannon},
Title = {Training the Approximate Number System Improves Math
Proficiency},
Journal = {Psychological Science},
Volume = {24},
Number = {10},
Pages = {2013-2019},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0956-7976},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797613482944},
Abstract = {Humans and nonhuman animals share an approximate number
system (ANS) that permits estimation and rough calculation
of quantities without symbols. Recent studies show a
correlation between the acuity of the ANS and performance in
symbolic math throughout development and into adulthood,
which suggests that the ANS may serve as a cognitive
foundation for the uniquely human capacity for symbolic
math. Such a proposition leads to the untested prediction
that training aimed at improving ANS performance will
transfer to improvement in symbolic-math ability. In the two
experiments reported here, we showed that ANS training on
approximate addition and subtraction of arrays of dots
selectively improved symbolic addition and subtraction. This
finding strongly supports the hypothesis that complex math
skills are fundamentally linked to rudimentary preverbal
quantitative abilities and provides the first direct
evidence that the ANS and symbolic math may be causally
related. It also raises the possibility that interventions
aimed at the ANS could benefit children and adults who
struggle with math. © The Author(s) 2013.},
Doi = {10.1177/0956797613482944},
Key = {fds250867}
}
@article{fds219915,
Author = {Park, J. and Li, R. and Brannon},
Title = {Effective connectivity underlying symbolic number processing
in children},
Journal = {Developmental Science},
Year = {2013},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/DOI: 10.1111/desc.12114},
Doi = {DOI: 10.1111/desc.12114},
Key = {fds219915}
}
@article{fds250868,
Author = {A Starr and ME Libertus and EM Brannon},
Title = {Infants show ratio-dependent number discrimination
regardless of set size},
Journal = {Infancy},
Volume = {18},
Number = {6},
Pages = {927-941},
Year = {2013},
ISSN = {1525-0008},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/infa.12008},
Abstract = {Evidence for approximate number system (ANS) representations
in infancy is robust but has typically only been found when
infants are presented with arrays of four or more elements.
In addition, several studies have found that infants fail to
discriminate between small numbers when continuous variables
such as surface area and contour length are controlled.
These findings suggest that under some circumstances,
infants fail to recruit either the ANS or object file
representations for small sets. Here, we used a numerical
change detection paradigm to assess 6-month-old infants'
ability to represent small values. In Experiment 1, infants
were tested with 1 versus 3, 1 versus 2, and 2 versus 3
dots. Infants successfully discriminated 1 versus 3 and 1
versus 2, but failed with 2 versus 3. In Experiment 2, we
tested whether infants could compare small and large values
with a 2 versus 4 condition. Across both experiments,
infants' performance exhibited ratio dependence, the
hallmark of the ANS. Our results indicate that infants can
attend to the purely numerical attributes of small sets and
that the numerical change detection paradigm accesses ANS
representations in infancy regardless of set size. ©
International Society on Infant Studies (ISIS).},
Doi = {10.1111/infa.12008},
Key = {fds250868}
}
@article{fds250900,
Author = {SM Jones and EM Brannon},
Title = {Lemurs show ratio dependent number discrimination in a
spontaneous choice task},
Journal = {Frontiers in Comparative Psychology},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds250900}
}
@article{fds250901,
Author = {AB Starr and ME Libertus and EM Brannon},
Title = {Infants Show Ratio-dependent Number Discrimination
Regardless of Set Size},
Journal = {Infancy},
Year = {2013},
ISSN = {1525-0008},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/infa.12008},
Abstract = {Evidence for approximate number system (ANS) representations
in infancy is robust but has typically only been found when
infants are presented with arrays of four or more elements.
In addition, several studies have found that infants fail to
discriminate between small numbers when continuous variables
such as surface area and contour length are controlled.
These findings suggest that under some circumstances,
infants fail to recruit either the ANS or object file
representations for small sets. Here, we used a numerical
change detection paradigm to assess 6-month-old infants'
ability to represent small values. In Experiment 1, infants
were tested with 1 versus 3, 1 versus 2, and 2 versus 3
dots. Infants successfully discriminated 1 versus 3 and 1
versus 2, but failed with 2 versus 3. In Experiment 2, we
tested whether infants could compare small and large values
with a 2 versus 4 condition. Across both experiments,
infants' performance exhibited ratio dependence, the
hallmark of the ANS. Our results indicate that infants can
attend to the purely numerical attributes of small sets and
that the numerical change detection paradigm accesses ANS
representations in infancy regardless of set size. ©
International Society on Infant Studies (ISIS).},
Doi = {10.1111/infa.12008},
Key = {fds250901}
}
@article{fds311285,
Author = {NK DeWind and EM Brannon},
Title = {Malleability of the approximate number system: Effects of
feedback and training},
Journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},
Number = {APRIL 2012},
Year = {2012},
Month = {April},
Abstract = {Prior research demonstrates that animals and humans share an
approximate number system (ANS), characterized by ratio
dependence and that the precision of this system increases
substantially over human development. The goal of the
present research was to investigate the malleability of the
ANS (as measured by Weber fraction) in adult subjects in
response to feedback and to explore the relationship between
ANS acuity and acuity on another magnitude comparison task.
We tested each of 20 subjects over six 1-h sessions. The
main findings were that (a) Weber fractions rapidly
decreased when trial-by-trial feedback was introduced in the
second session and remained stable over continued training,
(b) Weber fractions remained steady when trial-by-trial
feedback was removed in session 6, (c)Weber fractions from
the number comparison task were positively correlated with
Weber fractions from a line length comparison task, (d)
improvement in Weber fractions in response to feedback for
the number task did not transfer to the line length task,
(e) finally, the precision of the ANS was positively
correlated with math, but not verbal, standardized aptitude
scores. Potential neural correlates of the perceptual
information and decision processes are considered, and
predictions regarding the neural correlates of ANS
malleability are discussed. © 2012 DeWind and
Brannon.},
Key = {fds311285}
}
@article{fds250897,
Author = {EL MacLean and LJ Matthews and BA Hare and CL Nunn and RC Anderson and F
Aureli, EM Brannon and J Call and CM Drea and NJ Emery and DBM Haun and E
Herrmann, LF Jacobs and ML Platt and AG Rosati and AA Sandel and KK
Schroepfer, AM Seed and J Tan and CP van Schaik and V
Wobber},
Title = {How does cognition evolve? Phylogenetic comparative
psychology},
Journal = {ANIMAL COGNITION},
Volume = {15},
Number = {2},
Pages = {223-238},
Year = {2012},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1435-9448},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000300455900008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Now more than ever animal studies have the potential to test
hypotheses regarding how cognition evolves. Comparative
psychologists have developed new techniques to probe the
cognitive mechanisms underlying animal behavior, and they
have become increasingly skillful at adapting methodologies
to test multiple species. Meanwhile, evolutionary biologists
have generated quantitative approaches to investigate the
phylogenetic distribution and function of phenotypic traits,
including cognition. In particular, phylogenetic methods can
quantitatively (1) test whether specific cognitive abilities
are correlated with life history (e.g., lifespan),
morphology (e.g., brain size), or socio-ecological variables
(e.g., social system), (2) measure how strongly phylogenetic
relatedness predicts the distribution of cognitive skills
across species, and (3) estimate the ancestral state of a
given cognitive trait using measures of cognitive
performance from extant species. Phylogenetic methods can
also be used to guide the selection of species comparisons
that offer the strongest tests of a priori predictions of
cognitive evolutionary hypotheses (i.e., phylogenetic
targeting). Here, we explain how an integration of
comparative psychology and evolutionary biology will answer
a host of questions regarding the phylogenetic distribution
and history of cognitive traits, as well as the evolutionary
processes that drove their evolution.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-011-0448-8},
Key = {fds250897}
}
@misc{fds212762,
Author = {Merritt, D. and DeWind, N. and Brannon, E.M.},
Title = {Comparative cognition of number representation},
Booktitle = {Handbook of Comparative Cognition},
Editor = {Thomas Zentall and Ed Wasserman},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds212762}
}
@article{fds250874,
Author = {SM Jones and EM Brannon},
Title = {Prosimian primates show ratio dependence in spontaneous
quantity discriminations.},
Journal = {Front Psychol},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {550},
Year = {2012},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23420691},
Abstract = {We directly tested the predictions of the approximate number
system (ANS) and the object file system in the spontaneous
numerical judgments of prosimian primates. Prior work
indicates that when human infants and a few species of
non-human animals are given a single-trial choice between
two sequentially baited buckets they choose the bucket with
the greater amount of food but only when the quantities are
small. This pattern of results has been interpreted as
evidence that a limited capacity object file system is used
to track small numbers of objects and that the ANS is not
invoked under these circumstances. Here we tested prosimian
primates in food choice comparisons that were chosen to
contrast predictions of the ANS and object file systems. We
found that prosimian primates consistently chose the larger
of two sets when they differed by a 1:3 ratio regardless of
whether both values were small (≤3), both values were
large (>3), or there was one small and one large value.
Prosimians were not able to robustly discriminate quantities
that differed by a 1:2 ratio for the same three conditions,
nor did they show a preference for small quantities that
differed by a 2:3 ratio. These results implicate the ANS in
the spontaneous numerical discriminations of non-human
primates.},
Doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00550},
Key = {fds250874}
}
@article{fds250891,
Author = {DJ Paulsen and ML Platt and SA Huettel and EM Brannon},
Title = {From risk-seeking to risk-averse: the development of
economic risk preference from childhood to
adulthood.},
Journal = {Front Psychol},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {313},
Year = {2012},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22973247},
Abstract = {Adolescence is often described as a period of heightened
risk-taking. Adolescents are notorious for impulsivity,
emotional volatility, and risky behaviors such as drinking
and driving under the influence of alcohol. By contrast, we
found that risk-taking declines linearly from childhood to
adulthood when individuals make choices over monetary
gambles. Further, with age we found increases in the
sensitivity to economic risk, defined as the degree to which
a preference for assured monetary gains over a risky payoff
depends upon the variability in the risky payoff. These
findings indicate that decisions about economic risk may
follow a different developmental trajectory than other kinds
of risk-taking, and that changes in sensitivity to risk may
be a major factor in the development of mature risk
aversion.},
Doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00313},
Key = {fds250891}
}
@article{fds250892,
Author = {JD Roitman and EM Brannon and ML Platt},
Title = {Representation of numerosity in posterior parietal
cortex},
Journal = {Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience},
Number = {MAY 2012},
Pages = {1-9},
Year = {2012},
ISSN = {1662-5145},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2012.00025},
Abstract = {Humans and animals appear to share a similar representation
of number as an analog magnitude on an internal, subjective
scale. Neurological and neurophysiological data suggest that
posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is a critical component of
the circuits that form the basis of numerical abilities in
humans. Patients with parietal lesions are impaired in their
ability to access the deep meaning of numbers. Acalculiac
patients with inferior parietal damage often have difficulty
performing arithmetic (2 + 4?) or number bisection (what is
between 3 and 5?) tasks, but are able to recite
multiplication tables and read or write numerals. Functional
imaging studies of neurologically intact humans performing
subtraction, number comparison, and non-verbal magnitude
comparison tasks show activity in areas within the
intraparietal sulcus (IPS). Taken together, clinical cases
and imaging studies support a critical role for parietal
cortex in the mental manipulation of numerical quantities.
Further, responses of single PPC neurons in non-human
primates are sensitive to the numerosity of visual stimuli
independent of low-level stimulus qualities. When monkeys
are trained to make explicit judgments about the numerical
value of such stimuli, PPC neurons encode their cardinal
numerical value; without such training PPC neurons appear to
encode numerical magnitude in an analog fashion. Here we
suggest that the spatial and integrative properties of PPC
neurons contribute to their critical role in numerical
cognition. © 2012 Roitman, Brannon and Platt.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnint.2012.00025},
Key = {fds250892}
}
@article{fds250895,
Author = {J Roitman and EM Brannon and ML Platt},
Title = {Intraparietal Cortex: The Mental Number Line?”},
Journal = {Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds250895}
}
@article{fds250899,
Author = {EL MacLean and TM Mandalaywala and EM Brannon},
Title = {Variance-sensitive choice in lemurs: constancy trumps
quantity},
Journal = {Animal Cognition},
Volume = {15},
Number = {2},
Pages = {15-25},
Year = {2012},
ISSN = {DOI: 10.1007/s10071-011-0425-2},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21670948},
Abstract = {Numerous studies have demonstrated that animals' tolerance
for risk when foraging can be affected by changes in
metabolic state. Specifically, animals on a negative energy
budget increase their preferences for risk, while animals on
a positive energy budget are typically risk-averse. The
malleability of these preferences may be evolutionarily
advantageous, and important for maximizing chances of
survival during brief periods of energetic stress. However,
animals adapted to living in unpredictable conditions are
unlikely to benefit from risk-seeking strategies, and
instead are expected to reduce energetic demands while
maintaining risk-aversion. We measured risk preferences in
lemurs, a group of primates restricted to the island of
Madagascar. Lemurs have evolved diverse anatomical and
behavioral traits for survival in a harsh and unpredictable
ecology, and these traits have been explained as forms of
anatomical and behavioral risk reduction. We therefore
predicted that lemurs would also be risk-averse in a
behavioral task that offered subjects a choice between a
small certain reward, and an uncertain but potentially large
reward. In Experiment 1, the average rewards associated with
the constant and variable options were equal and lemurs
exhibited high levels of risk-aversion, replicating a
phenomenon that has been demonstrated in dozens of taxa. In
Experiment 2, we gradually increased the average value of
the variable option relative to the constant option. Lemurs'
preferences tracked these changes and subjects became more
risk-seeking as the risk premium increased. However, many
subjects maintained high levels of risk-aversion even when
the average payout of the variable option yielded double
that of the constant option. These results are consistent
with the notion that lemur cognition has evolved to minimize
risk in an unpredictable island environment.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-011-0425-2},
Key = {fds250899}
}
@article{fds250905,
Author = {NK Dewind and EM Brannon},
Title = {Malleability of the approximate number system: effects of
feedback and training.},
Journal = {Front Hum Neurosci},
Volume = {6},
Number = {MARCH 2012},
Pages = {68},
Year = {2012},
ISSN = {1662-5161},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22529786},
Abstract = {Prior research demonstrates that animals and humans share an
approximate number system (ANS), characterized by ratio
dependence and that the precision of this system increases
substantially over human development. The goal of the
present research was to investigate the malleability of the
ANS (as measured by Weber fraction) in adult subjects in
response to feedback and to explore the relationship between
ANS acuity and acuity on another magnitude comparison task.
We tested each of 20 subjects over six 1-h sessions. The
main findings were that (a) Weber fractions rapidly
decreased when trial-by-trial feedback was introduced in the
second session and remained stable over continued training,
(b) Weber fractions remained steady when trial-by-trial
feedback was removed in session 6, (c)Weber fractions from
the number comparison task were positively correlated with
Weber fractions from a line length comparison task, (d)
improvement in Weber fractions in response to feedback for
the number task did not transfer to the line length task,
(e) finally, the precision of the ANS was positively
correlated with math, but not verbal, standardized aptitude
scores. Potential neural correlates of the perceptual
information and decision processes are considered, and
predictions regarding the neural correlates of ANS
malleability are discussed.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2012.00068},
Key = {fds250905}
}
@article{fds311320,
Author = {NK DeWind and EM Brannon},
Title = {Malleability of the approximate number system: Effects of
feedback and training},
Journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},
Number = {MARCH 2012},
Year = {2012},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00068},
Abstract = {Prior research demonstrates that animals and humans share an
approximate number system (ANS), characterized by ratio
dependence and that the precision of this system increases
substantially over human development. The goal of the
present research was to investigate the malleability of the
ANS (as measured by weber fraction) in adult subjects in
response to feedback and to explore the relationship between
ANS acuity and acuity on another magnitude comparison task.
We tested each of 20 subjects over six 1-hour sessions. The
main findings were that a) weber fractions rapidly decreased
when trial-by-trial feedback was introduced in the second
session and remained stable over continued training, b)
weber fractions remained steady when trial-by-trial feedback
was removed in session six, c) weber fractions from the
number comparison task were positively correlated with weber
fractions from a line length comparison task, d) improvement
in weber fractions in response to feedback for the number
task did not transfer to the line length task, e) finally,
the precision of the ANS was positively correlated with
math, but not verbal, standardized aptitude scores.
Potential neural correlates of the perceptual information
and decision processes are considered, and predictions
regarding the neural correlates of ANS malleability are
discussed. © 2012 Dewind and Brannon.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2012.00068},
Key = {fds311320}
}
@article{fds311286,
Author = {NK DeWind and EM Brannon},
Title = {Malleability of the approximate number system: Effects of
feedback and training},
Journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},
Number = {MARCH 2012},
Year = {2012},
ISSN = {1662-5161},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00068},
Abstract = {Prior research demonstrates that animals and humans share an
approximate number system (ANS), characterized by ratio
dependence and that the precision of this system increases
substantially over human development. The goal of the
present research was to investigate the malleability of the
ANS (as measured by weber fraction) in adult subjects in
response to feedback and to explore the relationship between
ANS acuity and acuity on another magnitude comparison task.
We tested each of 20 subjects over six 1-hour sessions. The
main findings were that a) weber fractions rapidly decreased
when trial-by-trial feedback was introduced in the second
session and remained stable over continued training, b)
weber fractions remained steady when trial-by-trial feedback
was removed in session six, c) weber fractions from the
number comparison task were positively correlated with weber
fractions from a line length comparison task, d) improvement
in weber fractions in response to feedback for the number
task did not transfer to the line length task, e) finally,
the precision of the ANS was positively correlated with
math, but not verbal, standardized aptitude scores.
Potential neural correlates of the perceptual information
and decision processes are considered, and predictions
regarding the neural correlates of ANS malleability are
discussed. © 2012 Dewind and Brannon.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2012.00068},
Key = {fds311286}
}
@article{fds200969,
Author = {Libertus, M.E. and Brannon, E.M. and Woldorff, M.},
Title = {Parallels in stimulus- driven oscillatory brain responses to
numerosity changes in 7-month-old infants and
adults},
Journal = {Developmental Neuropsychology},
Volume = {36},
Number = {6},
Pages = {651-667},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds200969}
}
@book{fds183751,
Author = {Dehaene, S. and Brannon, E.M.},
Title = {Space, time, and number in the brain: Searching for the
foundations of mathematical thought},
Publisher = {Elsevier},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds183751}
}
@misc{fds183744,
Author = {Merritt, D. and DeWind, N. and Brannon, E.M.},
Title = {Comparative cognition of number representation},
Booktitle = {Handbook of comparative cognition},
Editor = {T. Zentall and E. Wasserman},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds183744}
}
@article{fds250872,
Author = {S Dehaene and E Brannon},
Title = {Space, Time and Number in the Brain},
Journal = {Space, Time and Number in the Brain},
Year = {2011},
Abstract = {The study of mathematical cognition and the ways in which
the ideas of space, time and number are encoded in brain
circuitry has become a fundamental issue for neuroscience.
How such encoding differs across cultures and educational
level is of further interest in education and
neuropsychology. This rapidly expanding field of research is
overdue for an interdisciplinary volume such as this, which
deals with the neurological and psychological foundations of
human numeric capacity. A uniquely integrative work, this
volume provides a much needed compilation of primary source
material to researchers from basic neuroscience, psychology,
developmental science, neuroimaging, neuropsychology and
theoretical biology. * The first comprehensive and
authoritative volume dealing with neurological and
psychological foundations of mathematical cognition *
Uniquely integrative volume at the frontier of a rapidly
expanding interdisciplinary field * Features outstanding and
truly international scholarship, with chapters written by
leading experts in a variety of fields. © 2011 Elsevier
Inc. All rights reserved.},
Key = {fds250872}
}
@article{fds250896,
Author = {JF Cantlon and SW Davis and ME Libertus and J Kahane and EM Brannon and KA Pelphrey},
Title = {Inter-parietal white matter development predicts numerical
performance in young children},
Journal = {Learning and Individual Differences},
Volume = {21},
Number = {6},
Pages = {672-680},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {1041-6080},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2011.09.003},
Abstract = {In an effort to understand the role of interhemispheric
transfer in numerical development, we investigated the
relationship between children's developing knowledge of
numbers and the integrity of their white matter connections
between the cerebral hemispheres (the corpus callosum). We
used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography analyses to
test the link between the development of the corpus callosum
and performance on symbolic and non-symbolic numerical
judgment tasks. We were especially interested in the
interhemispheric connections of parietal cortex in
6-year-old children, because regions of parietal cortex have
been implicated in the development of numerical skills by
several prior studies. Our results revealed significant
structural differences between children and adults in the
fibers of the corpus callosum connecting the left and right
parietal lobes. Importantly, these structural differences
were predictive of individual differences among children in
performance on numerical judgment tasks: children with poor
numerical performance relative to their peers exhibited
reduced white matter coherence in the fibers passing through
the isthmus of the corpus callosum, which connects the
parietal hemispheres. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.lindif.2011.09.003},
Key = {fds250896}
}
@article{fds250898,
Author = {DJ Paulsen and RM Carter and ML Platt and SA Huettel and EM
Brannon},
Title = {Neurocognitive development of risk aversion from early
childhood to adulthood.},
Journal = {Front Hum Neurosci},
Volume = {5},
Number = {72},
Pages = {178},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22291627},
Abstract = {Human adults tend to avoid risk. In behavioral economic
studies, risk aversion is manifest as a preference for sure
gains over uncertain gains. However, children tend to be
less averse to risk than adults. Given that many of the
brain regions supporting decision-making under risk do not
reach maturity until late adolescence or beyond it is
possible that mature risk-averse behavior may emerge from
the development of decision-making circuitry. To explore
this hypothesis, we tested 5- to 8-year-old children, 14- to
16-year-old adolescents, and young adults in a
risky-decision task during functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI) data acquisition. To our knowledge, this is
the youngest sample of children in an fMRI decision-making
task. We found a number of decision-related brain regions to
increase in activation with age during decision-making,
including areas associated with contextual memory retrieval
and the incorporation of prior outcomes into the current
decision-making strategy, e.g., insula, hippocampus, and
amygdala. Further, children who were more risk-averse showed
increased activation during decision-making in ventromedial
prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum. Our findings
indicate that the emergence of adult levels of risk aversion
co-occurs with the recruitment of regions supporting
decision-making under risk, including the integration of
prior outcomes into current decision-making behavior. This
pattern of results suggests that individual differences in
the development of risk aversion may reflect differences in
the maturation of these neural processes.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2011.00178},
Key = {fds250898}
}
@article{fds250902,
Author = {DJ Paulsen and ML Platt and SA Huettel and EM Brannon},
Title = {Decision-making under risk in children, adolescents, and
young adults.},
Journal = {Front Psychol},
Volume = {2},
Number = {72},
Pages = {72},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21687443},
Abstract = {Adolescents often make risky and impulsive decisions. Such
behavior has led to the common assumption that a dysfunction
in risk-related decision-making peaks during this age.
Differences in how risk has been defined across studies,
however, make it difficult to draw conclusions about
developmental changes in risky decision-making. Here, we
developed a non-symbolic economic decision-making task that
can be used across a wide age span and that uses coefficient
of variation (CV) in reward as an index of risk. We found
that young children showed the strongest preference for
risky compared to sure bet options of equal expected value,
adolescents were intermediate in their risk preference, and
young adults showed the strongest risk aversion.
Furthermore, children's preference for the risky option
increased for larger CVs, while adolescents and young adults
showed the opposite pattern, favoring the sure bet more
often as CV increased. Finally, when faced with two gambles
in a risk-return tradeoff, all three age groups exhibited a
greater preference for the option with the lower risk and
return as the disparity in risk between the two options
increased. These findings demonstrate clear age-related
differences in economic risk preferences that vary with
choice set and risk. Importantly, adolescence appears to
represent an intermediate decision-making phenotype along
the transition from childhood to adulthood, rather than an
age of heightened preference for economic
risk.},
Doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00072},
Key = {fds250902}
}
@article{fds250904,
Author = {D Merritt and E MacLean and JC Crawford and EM
Brannon},
Title = {Numerical rule-learning in ring-tailed Lemurs (Lemur
catta)},
Journal = {Frontiers in Comparative Psychology},
Volume = {2},
Number = {23},
Pages = {1-9},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21713071},
Abstract = {We investigated numerical discrimination and numerical
rule-learning in ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta). Two
ring-tailed lemurs were trained to respond to two visual
arrays, each of which contained between one and four
elements, in numerically ascending order. In Experiment 1,
lemurs were trained with 36 exemplars of each of the
numerosities 1-4 and then showed positive transfer to
trial-unique novel exemplars of the values 1-4. In
Experiments 2A and 2B, lemurs were tested on their ability
to transfer an ascending numerical rule from the values 1-4
to novel values 5-9. Both lemurs successfully ordered the
novel values with above chance accuracy. Accuracy was
modulated by the ratio between the two numerical values
suggesting that lemurs accessed the approximate number
system when performing the task.},
Doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00023},
Key = {fds250904}
}
@article{fds250906,
Author = {S Cordes and EM Brannon},
Title = {Attending to one of many: When infants are surprisingly poor
at discriminating an item’s size},
Journal = {Frontiers in Developmental Psychology},
Volume = {2},
Number = {72},
Address = {10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00072},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {1664-1078},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00065},
Abstract = {Despite a prevailing assumption in the developmental
literature that changes in continuous quantities (i.e.,
surface area, duration) are easier to detect than changes in
number, very little research has focused on the verity of
this assumption. The few studies that have directly examined
infants' discriminations of continuous extent have revealed
that infants discriminate the duration of a single event and
the area of a single item with similar levels of precision
(Brannon et al., 2006; vanMarle and Wynn, 2006). But what
about when items are presented in arrays? Infants appear to
be much worse at representing the cumulative surface area
compared to the numerosity of an array (Cordes and Brannon,
2008a), however this may be due to a noisy accumulation
process and not a general finding pertaining to
representations of the extent within an array. The current
study investigates how well infants detect changes in the
size of individual elements when they are presented within
an array. Our results indicate that infants are less
sensitive to continuous properties of items when they are
presented within a set than when presented in isolation.
Specifically we demonstrate that infants required a fourfold
change in item size to detect a change when items were
presented within a set of homogeneous elements. Rather than
providing redundant cues that aided discrimination,
presenting a set of identical elements appeared to hamper an
infant's ability to detect changes in a single element's
size. In addition to providing some of the first evidence to
suggest that the presence of multiple items may hinder
extent representations, these results provide converging
lines of evidence to support the claim that, contrary to
popular belief, infants are better at tracking number than
continuous properties of a set. © 2011 Cordes and
Brannon.},
Doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00065},
Key = {fds250906}
}
@article{fds250918,
Author = {ME Libertus and EM Brannon and MG Woldorff},
Title = {Parallels in stimulus-driven oscillatory brain responses to
numerosity changes in adults and seven-month-old
infants.},
Journal = {Dev Neuropsychol},
Volume = {36},
Number = {6},
Pages = {651-667},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21761991},
Abstract = {Previous studies provide indirect evidence for an
ontogenetically continuous Approximate-Number System. We
employed a rapid steady-state visual-presentation paradigm
combined with electroencephalography to measure
stimulus-driven neural oscillatory responses to numerosities
in infants and adults. Steady-state repetition of the same
numerosity across a 2.4-sec time block yielded an increase
in the stimulus-locked neural entrainment in both groups.
Entrainment changes following a numerosity switch varied by
the ratio of the numerosities, consistent with Weber's Law.
These similarities thus provide direct evidence for an
ontogenetically continuous Approximate-Number System.
Moreover, the degree of neural entrainment significantly
predicted infants' number discrimination measured
behaviorally two months later.},
Doi = {10.1080/87565641.2010.549883},
Key = {fds250918}
}
@article{fds304648,
Author = {DJ Merritt and EL Maclean and JC Crawford and EM
Brannon},
Title = {Numerical rule-learning in ring-tailed lemurs (lemur
catta).},
Journal = {Front Psychol},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {23},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21713071},
Abstract = {We investigated numerical discrimination and numerical
rule-learning in ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta). Two
ring-tailed lemurs were trained to respond to two visual
arrays, each of which contained between one and four
elements, in numerically ascending order. In Experiment 1,
lemurs were trained with 36 exemplars of each of the
numerosities 1-4 and then showed positive transfer to
trial-unique novel exemplars of the values 1-4. In
Experiments 2A and 2B, lemurs were tested on their ability
to transfer an ascending numerical rule from the values 1-4
to novel values 5-9. Both lemurs successfully ordered the
novel values with above chance accuracy. Accuracy was
modulated by the ratio between the two numerical values
suggesting that lemurs accessed the approximate number
system when performing the task.},
Doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00023},
Key = {fds304648}
}
@article{fds304649,
Author = {S Cordes and EM Brannon},
Title = {Attending to one of many: When infants are surprisingly poor
at discriminating an item's size},
Journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
Volume = {2},
Number = {APR},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {1664-1078},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00065},
Abstract = {Despite a prevailing assumption in the developmental
literature that changes in continuous quantities (i.e.,
surface area, duration) are easier to detect than changes in
number, very little research has focused on the verity of
this assumption. The few studies that have directly examined
infants' discriminations of continuous extent have revealed
that infants discriminate the duration of a single event and
the area of a single item with similar levels of precision
(Brannon et al., 2006; vanMarle and Wynn, 2006). But what
about when items are presented in arrays? Infants appear to
be much worse at representing the cumulative surface area
compared to the numerosity of an array (Cordes and Brannon,
2008a), however this may be due to a noisy accumulation
process and not a general finding pertaining to
representations of the extent within an array. The current
study investigates how well infants detect changes in the
size of individual elements when they are presented within
an array. Our results indicate that infants are less
sensitive to continuous properties of items when they are
presented within a set than when presented in isolation.
Specifically we demonstrate that infants required a fourfold
change in item size to detect a change when items were
presented within a set of homogeneous elements. Rather than
providing redundant cues that aided discrimination,
presenting a set of identical elements appeared to hamper an
infant's ability to detect changes in a single element's
size. In addition to providing some of the first evidence to
suggest that the presence of multiple items may hinder
extent representations, these results provide converging
lines of evidence to support the claim that, contrary to
popular belief, infants are better at tracking number than
continuous properties of a set. © 2011 Cordes and
Brannon.},
Doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00065},
Key = {fds304649}
}
@misc{fds250870,
Author = {EM Brannon and DJ Merritt},
Title = {Evolutionary Foundations of the Approximate Number
System},
Journal = {Space, Time and Number in the Brain},
Pages = {207-224},
Booktitle = {Space, Time, and Number in the Brain: searching for the
foundations of mathematical thought},
Publisher = {Elsevier},
Editor = {Dehaene, S. and Brannon, E.M.},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-385948-8.00014-1},
Abstract = {This chapter reviews the behavioral evidence for numerical
capacities in animals. When adult humans are tested in tasks
that avoid verbal counting, they too show ratio-dependent
number discrimination. In fact, animals and humans tested in
parallel tasks often show remarkably similar patterns of
performance. While ratio dependence is a behavioral
signature of the approximate number system (ANS), the
semantic congruity effect appears to be a universal hallmark
of the wider class of all ordinal judgments. Zero is a
special number in symbolic number systems for many reasons.
First it serves as the additive identity for natural numbers
such that when added to any element x in a set, the result
remains x. For both ascending and descending trials, the
monkeys were able to spontaneously place the empty set in
the proper order with above chance accuracy. Further, as
with the matching task, the monkeys showed distance effects
that were comparable to those observed with the other
numerical values. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-385948-8.00014-1},
Key = {fds250870}
}
@article{fds250916,
Author = {DJ Paulsen and MG Woldorff and EM Brannon},
Title = {Individual differences in nonverbal number discrimination
correlate with event-related potentials and measures of
probabilistic reasoning.},
Journal = {Neuropsychologia},
Volume = {48},
Number = {13},
Pages = {3687-3695},
Year = {2010},
Month = {November},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20817003},
Abstract = {The current study investigated the neural activity patterns
associated with numerical sensitivity in adults.
Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while adults
observed sequentially presented display arrays (S1 and S2)
of non-symbolic numerical stimuli (dots) and made
same/different judgments of these stimuli by pressing a
button only when numerosities were the same (target trials).
The main goals were to contrast the effects of numerical
distance (close, medium, and far) and change direction
(increasing, decreasing) between S1 and S2, both in terms of
behavior and brain activity, and to examine the influence of
individual differences in numeracy on the effects of these
manipulations. Neural effects of distance were found to be
significant between 360 and 600 ms after the onset of S2
(greater negativity-wave activity for closer numerical
distances), while direction effects were found between 320
and 440 ms (greater negativity for decreasing direction).
ERP change direction effects did not interact with numerical
distance, suggesting that the two types of information are
processed independently. Importantly, subjects' behavioral
Weber fractions (w) for the same/different discrimination
task correlated with distance-related ERP-activity
amplitudes. Moreover, w also correlated with a separate
objective measure of mathematical ability. Results thus draw
a clear link between brain and behavior measures of number
discrimination, while also providing support for the
relationship between nonverbal magnitude discrimination and
symbolic numerical processing.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.08.014},
Key = {fds250916}
}
@article{fds250917,
Author = {DJ Merritt and D Casasanto and EM Brannon},
Title = {Do monkeys think in metaphors? Representations of space and
time in monkeys and humans.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {117},
Number = {2},
Pages = {191-202},
Year = {2010},
Month = {November},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20846645},
Abstract = {Research on the relationship between the representation of
space and time has produced two contrasting proposals. ATOM
posits that space and time are represented via a common
magnitude system, suggesting a symmetrical relationship
between space and time. According to metaphor theory,
however, representations of time depend on representations
of space asymmetrically. Previous findings in humans have
supported metaphor theory. Here, we investigate the
relationship between time and space in a nonverbal species,
by testing whether non-human primates show space-time
interactions consistent with metaphor theory or with ATOM.
We tested two rhesus monkeys and 16 adult humans in a
nonverbal task that assessed the influence of an irrelevant
dimension (time or space) on a relevant dimension (space or
time). In humans, spatial extent had a large effect on time
judgments whereas time had a small effect on spatial
judgments. In monkeys, both spatial and temporal
manipulations showed large bi-directional effects on
judgments. In contrast to humans, spatial manipulations in
monkeys did not produce a larger effect on temporal
judgments than the reverse. Thus, consistent with previous
findings, human adults showed asymmetrical space-time
interactions that were predicted by metaphor theory. In
contrast, monkeys showed patterns that were more consistent
with ATOM.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2010.08.011},
Key = {fds250917}
}
@article{fds250922,
Author = {ME Libertus and EM Brannon},
Title = {Stable individual differences in number discrimination in
infancy.},
Journal = {Dev Sci},
Volume = {13},
Number = {6},
Pages = {900-906},
Year = {2010},
Month = {November},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20977560},
Abstract = {Previous studies have shown that as a group 6-month-old
infants successfully discriminate numerical changes when the
values differ by at least a 1:2 ratio but fail at a 2:3
ratio (e.g. 8 vs. 16 but not 8 vs. 12). However, no studies
have yet examined individual differences in number
discrimination in infancy. Using a novel numerical change
detection paradigm, we present more direct evidence that
infants' numerical perception is ratio-dependent even within
the range of discriminable ratios and thus adheres to
Weber's Law. Furthermore, we show that infants' numerical
discrimination at 6 months reliably predicts their numerical
discrimination abilities but not visual short-term memory at
9 months. Thus, individual differences in numerical
discrimination acuity may be stable within the first year of
life and provide important avenues for future longitudinal
research exploring the relationship between infant numerical
discrimination and later developing math
achievement.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00948.x},
Key = {fds250922}
}
@article{fds303792,
Author = {SH Suanda and W Tompson and EM Brannon},
Title = {Changes in the Ability to Detect Ordinal Numerical
Relationships Between 9 and 11 Months of
Age.},
Journal = {Infancy},
Volume = {13},
Number = {4},
Pages = {308-337},
Year = {2010},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {1525-0008},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20703362},
Abstract = {When are the precursors of ordinal numerical knowledge first
evident in infancy? Brannon (2002) argued that by 11 months
of age, infants possess the ability to appreciate the
greater than and less than relations between numerical
values but that this ability experiences a sudden onset
between 9 and 11 months of age. Here we present 5
experiments that explore the changes that take place between
9 and 11 months of age in infants' ability to detect
reversals in the ordinal direction of a sequence of arrays.
In Experiment 1, we replicate the finding that 11- but not
9-month-old infants detect a numerical ordinal reversal. In
Experiment 2 we rule out an alternative hypothesis that
11-month-old infants attended to changes in the absolute
numerosity of the first stimulus in the sequence rather than
a reversal in ordinal direction. In Experiment 3, we
demonstrate that 9-month-old infants are not aided by
additional exposure to each numerosity stimulus in a
sequence. In Experiment 4 we find that 11-month-old but not
9-month-old infants succeed at detecting the reversal in a
nonnumerical size or area-based rule, casting doubt on
Brannon's prior claim that what develops between 9 and 11
months of age is a specifically numerical ability. In
Experiment 5 we demonstrate that 9-month-old infants are
capable of detecting a reversal in ordinal direction but
only when there are multiple converging cues to ordinality.
Collectively these data indicate that at 11 months of age
infants can represent ordinal relations that are based on
number, size, or cumulative area, whereas at 9 months of age
infants are unable to use any of these dimensions in
isolation but instead require a confluence of
cues.},
Doi = {10.1080/15250000802188800},
Key = {fds303792}
}
@article{fds250912,
Author = {JF Cantlon and KE Safford and EM Brannon},
Title = {Spontaneous analog number representations in 3-year-old
children.},
Journal = {Dev Sci},
Volume = {13},
Number = {2},
Pages = {289-297},
Year = {2010},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1467-7687},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20136925},
Abstract = {When enumerating small sets of elements nonverbally, human
infants often show a set-size limitation whereby they are
unable to represent sets larger than three elements. This
finding has been interpreted as evidence that infants
spontaneously represent small numbers with an object-file
system instead of an analog magnitude system (Feigenson,
Dehaene & Spelke, 2004). In contrast, non-human animals and
adult humans have been shown to rely on analog magnitudes
for representing both small and large numbers (Brannon &
Terrace, 1998; Cantlon & Brannon, 2007; Cordes, Gelman,
Gallistel & Whalen, 2001). Here we demonstrate that, like
adults and non-human animals, children as young as 3 years
of age spontaneously employ analog magnitude representations
to enumerate both small and large sets. Moreover, we show
that children spontaneously attend to numerical value in
lieu of cumulative surface area. These findings provide
evidence of young children's greater sensitivity to number
relative to other quantities and demonstrate continuity in
the process they spontaneously recruit to judge small and
large values.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00887.x},
Key = {fds250912}
}
@article{fds250919,
Author = {SM Jones and JF Cantlon and DJ Merritt and EM Brannon},
Title = {Context affects the numerical semantic congruity effect in
rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).},
Journal = {Behav Processes},
Volume = {83},
Number = {2},
Pages = {191-196},
Year = {2010},
Month = {February},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20015467},
Abstract = {Do monkeys anchor their numerical judgments based on the
context in which their choices are presented? We addressed
this question by varying the numerical range across sessions
while macaque monkeys made ordinal judgments. Monkeys were
trained to make a conditional discrimination whereby they
were reinforced for ordering arrays of dots in ascending or
descending numerical order, dependent on a color cue.
Monkeys were tested using two ranges of numerosities that
converged on a single pair. Similar to the findings of
Cantlon and Brannon (2005), we found a semantic congruity
effect whereby decision time was systematically influenced
by the congruity between the cue (ascending or descending)
and the relative Numerical Magnitude of the stimuli within
each range. Furthermore, monkeys showed a context effect,
such that decision time for a given pair was dependent on
whether it was a relatively small or large set of values
compared to the other values presented in that session. This
finding suggests that, similar to humans, the semantic
congruity effect observed in monkeys is anchored by the
context. Thus our data provide further evidence for the
existence of a shared numerical comparison process in
monkeys and humans.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.beproc.2009.12.009},
Key = {fds250919}
}
@misc{fds183746,
Author = {Brannon, E.M. and Jordan, K.E. and Jones, S.},
Title = {Behavioral signatures of numerical discrimination},
Booktitle = {Primate Neuroethology},
Publisher = {Oxford Press},
Editor = {M.L. Platt and A. Ghazanfar},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds183746}
}
@misc{fds166473,
Author = {Cantlon, J.F. and Brannon, E.M.},
Title = {Animal Arithmetic},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior},
Publisher = {Oxford: Elsevier Press},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds166473}
}
@article{fds250888,
Author = {E Brannon},
Title = {Editorial},
Journal = {Behavioural Processes},
Volume = {83},
Number = {2},
Pages = {137-138},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {0376-6357},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2009.12.015},
Doi = {10.1016/j.beproc.2009.12.015},
Key = {fds250888}
}
@article{fds250907,
Author = {S Dehaene and EM Brannon},
Title = {Space, time, and number: A Kantian research
program},
Journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
Volume = {14},
Number = {12},
Pages = {517-519},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {1364-6613},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2010.09.009},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2010.09.009},
Key = {fds250907}
}
@article{fds250908,
Author = {S Dehaene and EM Brannon},
Title = {Special issue on space, time, and number},
Journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
Volume = {14},
Number = {12},
Pages = {517-569},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds250908}
}
@article{fds250915,
Author = {J Pearson and JD Roitman and EM Brannon and ML Platt and S
Raghavachari},
Title = {A physiologically-inspired model of numerical classification
based on graded stimulus coding},
Journal = {FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE},
Volume = {4},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {1662-5153},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000208454700001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {In most natural decision contexts, the process of selecting
among competing actions takes place in the presence of
informative, but potentially ambiguous, stimuli. Decisions
about magnitudes - quantities like time, length, and
brightness that are linearly ordered - constitute an
important subclass of such decisions. It has long been known
that perceptual judgments about such quantities obey Weber's
Law, wherein the just-noticeable difference in a magnitude
is proportional to the magnitude itself. Current
physiologically inspired models of numerical classification
assume discriminations are made via a labeled line code of
neurons selectively tuned for numerosity, a pattern observed
in the firing rates of neurons in the ventral intraparietal
area (VIP) of the macaque. By contrast, neurons in the
contiguous lateral intraparietal area (LIP) signal
numerosity in a graded fashion, suggesting the possibility
that numerical classification could be achieved in the
absence of neurons tuned for number. Here, we consider the
performance of a decision model based on this analog coding
scheme in a paradigmatic discrimination task - numerosity
bisection. We demonstrate that a basic two-neuron classifier
model, derived from experimentally measured monotonic
responses of LIP neurons, is sufficient to reproduce the
numerosity bisection behavior of monkeys, and that the
threshold of the classifier can be set by reward
maximization via a simple learning rule. In addition, our
model predicts deviations from Weber Law scaling of choice
behavior at high numerosity. Together, these results suggest
both a generic neuronal framework for magnitude-based
decisions and a role for reward contingency in the
classification of such stimuli.},
Doi = {10.3389/neuro.08.001.2010},
Key = {fds250915}
}
@article{fds250921,
Author = {EM Brannon},
Title = {Introduction to thought without language: A tibute to the
contributions of H.S. Terrace},
Journal = {Behavioral Processes},
Volume = {83},
Number = {2},
Pages = {137-138},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {0376-6357},
Key = {fds250921}
}
@article{fds250913,
Author = {ME Libertus and EM Brannon},
Title = {Behavioral and Neural Basis of Number Sense in
Infancy.},
Journal = {Curr Dir Psychol Sci},
Volume = {18},
Number = {6},
Pages = {346-351},
Year = {2009},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0963-7214},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20419075},
Abstract = {Approximate number discrimination in adult human and
nonhuman animals is governed by Weber's Law: The ratio
between the values determines discriminability. Here, we
review recent evidence from behavioral and neuroimaging
studies that suggests that number sense in human infancy
shares the same hallmark feature of Weber's Law and may rely
on the same neural substrates as previously found in adults,
children, and nonhuman animals. These findings support the
notion of ontogenetic and phylogenetic continuity in number
sense. New methods described here may help uncover how
infants' early number sense supports the development of a
mature number sense. Moreover, they may aid in understanding
how children learn to map nonsymbolic number representations
onto symbols for number by providing dependent measures that
capture individual variability.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01665.x},
Key = {fds250913}
}
@article{fds250943,
Author = {ME Libertus and LB Pruitt and MG Woldorff and EM
Brannon},
Title = {Induced alpha-band oscillations reflect ratio-dependent
number discrimination in the infant brain.},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {21},
Number = {12},
Pages = {2398-2406},
Year = {2009},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19016603},
Abstract = {Behavioral studies show that infants are capable of
discriminating the number of objects or events in their
environment, while also suggesting that number
discrimination in infancy may be ratio-dependent. However,
due to limitations of the dependent measures used with
infant behavioral studies, the evidence for ratio dependence
falls short of the vast psychophysical datasets that have
established ratio dependence, and thus, adherence to Weber's
Law in adults and nonhuman animals. We addressed this issue
in two experiments that presented 7-month-old infants with
familiar and novel numerosities while electroencephalogram
measures of their brain activity were recorded. These data
provide convergent evidence that the brains of 7-month-old
infants detected numerical novelty. Alpha-band and
theta-band oscillations both differed for novel and familiar
numerical values. Most importantly, spectral power in the
alpha band over midline and right posterior scalp sites was
modulated by the ratio between the familiar and novel
numerosities. Our findings provide neural evidence that
numerical discrimination in infancy is ratio dependent and
follows Weber's Law, thus indicating continuity of these
cognitive processes over development. Results are also
consistent with the idea that networks in the frontal and
parietal cortices support ratio-dependent number
discrimination in the first year of human life, consistent
with what has been reported in neuroimaging studies in
adults and older children.},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn.2008.21162},
Key = {fds250943}
}
@article{fds250941,
Author = {JF Cantlon and ME Libertus and P Pinel and S Dehaene and EM Brannon and KA Pelphrey},
Title = {The neural development of an abstract concept of
number.},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {21},
Number = {11},
Pages = {2217-2229},
Year = {2009},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19016605},
Abstract = {As literate adults, we appreciate numerical values as
abstract entities that can be represented by a numeral, a
word, a number of lines on a scorecard, or a sequence of
chimes from a clock. This abstract, notation-independent
appreciation of numbers develops gradually over the first
several years of life. Here, using functional magnetic
resonance imaging, we examine the brain mechanisms that 6-
and 7-year-old children and adults recruit to solve
numerical comparisons across different notation systems. The
data reveal that when young children compare numerical
values in symbolic and nonsymbolic notations, they invoke
the same network of brain regions as adults including
occipito-temporal and parietal cortex. However, children
also recruit inferior frontal cortex during these numerical
tasks to a much greater degree than adults. Our data lend
additional support to an emerging consensus from adult
neuroimaging, nonhuman primate neurophysiology, and
computational modeling studies that a core neural system
integrates notation-independent numerical representations
throughout development but, early in development,
higher-order brain mechanisms mediate this
process.},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn.2008.21159},
Key = {fds250941}
}
@article{fds250945,
Author = {S Cordes and EM Brannon},
Title = {Crossing the divide: infants discriminate small from large
numerosities.},
Journal = {Dev Psychol},
Volume = {45},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1583-1594},
Year = {2009},
Month = {November},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19899916},
Abstract = {Although young infants have repeatedly demonstrated
successful numerosity discrimination across large sets when
the number of items in the sets changes twofold (E. M.
Brannon, S. Abbott, & D. J. Lutz, 2004; J. N. Wood & E. S.
Spelke, 2005; F. Xu & E. S. Spelke, 2000), they consistently
fail to discriminate a twofold change in number when one set
is large and the other is small (<4 items; F. Feigenson, S.
Carey, & M. Hauser, 2002; F. Xu, 2003). It has been
theorized that this failure reflects an incompatibility in
representational systems for small and large sets. The
authors investigated the ability of 7-month-old infants to
compare small and large sets over a variety of conditions.
Results reveal that infants can successfully discriminate
small from large sets when given a fourfold change, but not
a twofold change, in number. The implications of these
results are discussed in light of current theories of number
representation.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0015666},
Key = {fds250945}
}
@article{fds250944,
Author = {DJ Merritt and R Rugani and EM Brannon},
Title = {Empty sets as part of the numerical continuum: conceptual
precursors to the zero concept in rhesus
monkeys.},
Journal = {J Exp Psychol Gen},
Volume = {138},
Number = {2},
Pages = {258-269},
Year = {2009},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0096-3445},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19397383},
Abstract = {The goal of the current research was to explore whether
monkeys possess conceptual precursors necessary for
understanding zero. We trained rhesus monkeys on a
nonsymbolic numerical matching-to-sample task, and on a
numerical ordering task. We then introduced
nondifferentially reinforced trials that contained empty
sets to determine whether monkeys would treat empty sets as
numerical values. All monkeys successfully matched and
ordered the empty sets without any training. Accuracy showed
distance effects, indicating that they treated empty sets as
values on a numerical continuum.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0015231},
Key = {fds250944}
}
@article{fds250942,
Author = {S Cordes and EM Brannon},
Title = {The relative salience of discrete and continuous quantity in
young infants.},
Journal = {Dev Sci},
Volume = {12},
Number = {3},
Pages = {453-463},
Year = {2009},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19371370},
Abstract = {Whether human infants spontaneously represent number remains
contentious. Clearfield & Mix (1999) and Feigenson, Carey &
Spelke (2002) put forth evidence that when presented with
small sets of 1-3 items infants may preferentially attend to
continuous properties of stimuli rather than to number, and
these results have been interpreted as evidence that infants
may not have numerical competence. Here we present three
experiments that test the hypothesis that infants prefer to
represent continuous variables over number. In Experiment 1,
we attempt to replicate the Clearfield & Mix study with a
larger sample of infants. Although we replicated their
finding that infants attend to changes in contour length,
infants in our study attended to number and perimeter/area
simultaneously. In Experiments 2 and 3, we pit number
against continuous extent for exclusively large sets
(Experiment 2) and for small and large sets combined
(Experiment 3). In all three experiments, infants noticed
the change in number, suggesting that representing discrete
quantity is not a last resort for human infants. These
results should temper the conclusion that infants find
continuous properties more salient than number and instead
suggest that number is spontaneously represented by young
infants, even when other cues are available.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00781.x},
Key = {fds250942}
}
@article{fds250910,
Author = {ME Libertus and EM Brannon and KA Pelphrey},
Title = {Developmental changes in category-specific brain responses
to numbers and letters in a working memory
task.},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {44},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1404-1414},
Year = {2009},
Month = {February},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19027079},
Abstract = {Neuroimaging studies have identified a common network of
brain regions involving the prefrontal and parietal cortices
across a variety of working memory (WM) tasks. However,
previous studies have also reported category-specific
dissociations of activation within this network. In this
study, we investigated the development of category-specific
activation in a WM task with digits, letters, and faces.
Eight-year-old children and adults performed a 2-back WM
task while their brain activity was measured using
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Overall,
children were significantly slower and less accurate than
adults on all three WM conditions (digits, letters, and
faces); however, within each age group, behavioral
performance across the three conditions was very similar.
FMRI results revealed category-specific activation in adults
but not children in the intraparietal sulcus for the digit
condition. Likewise, during the letter condition,
category-specific activation was observed in adults but not
children in the left occipital-temporal cortex. In contrast,
children and adults showed highly similar brain-activity
patterns in the lateral fusiform gyri when solving the
2-back WM task with face stimuli. Our results suggest that
8-year-old children do not yet engage the typical brain
regions that have been associated with abstract or semantic
processing of numerical symbols and letters when these
processes are task-irrelevant and the primary task is
demanding. Nevertheless, brain activity in letter-responsive
areas predicted children's spelling performance underscoring
the relationship between abstract processing of letters and
linguistic abilities. Lastly, behavioral performance on the
WM task was predictive of math and language abilities
highlighting the connection between WM and other cognitive
abilities in development.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.10.027},
Key = {fds250910}
}
@article{fds250940,
Author = {JF Cantlon and ML Platt and EM Brannon},
Title = {Beyond the number domain.},
Journal = {Trends Cogn Sci},
Volume = {13},
Number = {2},
Pages = {83-91},
Year = {2009},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1364-6613},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19131268},
Abstract = {In a world without numbers, we would be unable to build a
skyscraper, hold a national election, plan a wedding or pay
for a chicken at the market. The numerical symbols used in
all these behaviors build on the approximate number system
(ANS) which represents the number of discrete objects or
events as a continuous mental magnitude. Here, we first
discuss evidence that the ANS bears a set of behavioral and
brain signatures that are universally displayed across
animal species, human cultures and development. We then turn
to the question of whether the ANS constitutes a specialized
cognitive and neural domain - a question central to
understanding how this system works, the nature of its
evolutionary and developmental trajectory and its physical
instantiation in the brain.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2008.11.007},
Key = {fds250940}
}
@article{fds250923,
Author = {JF Cantlon and S Cordes and ME Libertus and EM
Brannon},
Title = {Comment on "Log or linear? Distinct intuitions of the number
scale in Western and Amazonian indigene cultures".},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {323},
Number = {5910},
Pages = {38},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119201},
Abstract = {Dehaene et al. (Reports, 30 May 2008, p. 1217) argued that
native speakers of Mundurucu, a language without a
linguistic numerical system, inherently represent numerical
values as a logarithmically spaced spatial continuum.
However, their data do not rule out the alternative
conclusion that Mundurucu speakers encode numbers linearly
with scalar variability and psychologically construct
space-number mappings by analogy.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1164773},
Key = {fds250923}
}
@article{fds166828,
Author = {Dustin, M. Casasanto and D. and Brannon, E.M.},
Title = {Do monkeys think in metaphors? Representations of space and
time in monkeys},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds166828}
}
@misc{fds153284,
Author = {Brannon E.M. and Cantlon, J.F.},
Title = {A comparative perspective on the origin of numerical
thinking.},
Booktitle = {Cognitive biology: Evolutionary and developmental
perspectives on mind, brain, and behavior},
Publisher = {Cambridge: MIT Press},
Editor = {L. Tomasi and M.A. Peterson and L. Nadel},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds153284}
}
@misc{fds153283,
Author = {Jordan, K.E. and Brannon, E.M.},
Title = {A comparative approach to understanding human numerical
cognition},
Booktitle = {The origins of object knowledge},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Address = {Oxford},
Editor = {B. Hood and L. Santos},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds153283}
}
@article{fds250914,
Author = {JF Cantlon and S Cordes and ME Libertus and EM
Brannon},
Title = {Numerical abstraction: It ain't broke (commentary)},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
Volume = {32},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {331-332},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {0140-525X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X09990513},
Abstract = {The dual-code proposal of number representation put forward
by Cohen Kadosh & Walsh (CK&W) accounts for only a
fraction of the many modes of numerical abstraction.
Contrary to their proposal, robust data from human infants
and nonhuman animals indicate that abstract numerical
representations are psychologically primitive. Additionally,
much of the behavioral and neural data cited to support
CK&W's proposal is, in fact, neutral on the issue of
numerical abstraction. © 2009 Cambridge University
Press.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0140525X09990513},
Key = {fds250914}
}
@article{fds250926,
Author = {M Libertus and EM Brannon},
Title = {Change detection paradigm for numerosity discrimination
thresholds},
Journal = {Developmental Science},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds250926}
}
@article{fds250939,
Author = {EL MacLean, SR Prior and ML Platt and EM Brannon},
Title = {Primate location preference in a double-tier cage: the
effects of illumination and cage height.},
Journal = {J Appl Anim Welf Sci},
Volume = {12},
Number = {1},
Pages = {73-81},
Year = {2009},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19107666},
Abstract = {Nonhuman primates are frequently housed in double-tier
arrangements with significant differences between the
environments of the upper and lower-row cages. Although
several studies have investigated whether this arrangement
alters monkeys' behavior, no studies have addressed the two
most notable differences, light and height, individually to
determine their relative importance. This experiment
examined how rhesus and long-tailed macaques allocated their
time between the upper and lower-row cages of a 1-over-1
apartment module under different lighting conditions. In
Condition A, monkeys' baseline degree of preference for the
upper- and lower-row was tested. In Condition B, the
lighting environment was reversed by limiting illumination
in the upper-row cage and increasing illumination in the
lower-row cage. In both conditions, monkeys spent more time
in the upper-row cage, thus indicating a strong preference
for elevation regardless of illumination. The amount of time
that monkeys spent in the lower-row cage increased by 7%
under reversed lighting, but this trend was not significant.
These results corroborate the importance of providing
captive primates with access to elevated
areas.},
Doi = {10.1080/10888700802536822},
Key = {fds250939}
}
@article{fds304647,
Author = {JF Cantlon and S Cordes and ME Libertus and EM
Brannon},
Title = {Numerical abstraction: It ain't broke},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
Volume = {32},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {331-332},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {0140-525X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X09990513},
Abstract = {The dual-code proposal of number representation put forward
by Cohen Kadosh & Walsh (CK&W) accounts for only a
fraction of the many modes of numerical abstraction.
Contrary to their proposal, robust data from human infants
and nonhuman animals indicate that abstract numerical
representations are psychologically primitive. Additionally,
much of the behavioral and neural data cited to support
CK&W's proposal is, in fact, neutral on the issue of
numerical abstraction. © 2009 Cambridge University
Press.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0140525X09990513},
Key = {fds304647}
}
@article{fds250948,
Author = {S Cordes and EM Brannon},
Title = {Quantitative competencies in infancy.},
Journal = {Dev Sci},
Volume = {11},
Number = {6},
Pages = {803-808},
Year = {2008},
Month = {November},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19046148},
Abstract = {We review recently published papers that have contributed to
our understanding of how the preverbal infant represents
number, area and time. We review evidence that infants rely
on two distinct systems to represent number nonverbally and
highlight the similarities in the ratio-dependent
discrimination of number, time and area. Contrary to earlier
assertions that continuous dimensions are more salient (and
thus more discriminable) to the infant than numerosity, we
argue that the opposite conclusion is better supported by
the data. The preverbal infant may be better able to extract
numerosity than continuous variables from arrays of discrete
items.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00770.x},
Key = {fds250948}
}
@article{fds250946,
Author = {EL Maclean and DJ Merritt and EM Brannon},
Title = {Social Complexity Predicts Transitive Reasoning in Prosimian
Primates.},
Journal = {Anim Behav},
Volume = {76},
Number = {2},
Pages = {479-486},
Year = {2008},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19649139},
Abstract = {Transitive Inference is a form of deductive reasoning that
has been suggested as one cognitive mechanism by which
animals could learn the many relationships within their
group's dominance hierarchy. This process thus bears
relevance to the social intelligence hypothesis which posits
evolutionary links between various forms of social and
nonsocial cognition. Recent evidence corroborates the link
between social complexity and transitive inference and
indicates that highly social animals may show superior
transitive reasoning even in nonsocial contexts. We examined
the relationship between social complexity and transitive
inference in two species of prosimians, a group of primates
that diverged from the common ancestor of monkeys, apes, and
humans over 50 million years ago. In Experiment 1, highly
social ring-tailed lemurs, Lemur catta, outperformed the
less social mongoose lemurs, Eulemur mongoz, in tests of
transitive inference and showed more robust representations
of the underlying ordinal relationships between the stimuli.
In Experiment 2, after training under a correction procedure
that emphasized the underlying linear dimension of the
series, both species showed similar transitive inference.
This finding suggests that the two lemur species differ not
in their fundamental ability to make transitive inferences,
but rather in their predisposition to mentally organize
information along a common underlying dimension. Together,
these results support the hypothesis that social complexity
is an important selective pressure for the evolution of
cognitive abilities relevant to transitive
reasoning.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.01.025},
Key = {fds250946}
}
@article{fds250947,
Author = {S Cordes and EM Brannon},
Title = {The difficulties of representing continuous extent in
infancy: using number is just easier.},
Journal = {Child Dev},
Volume = {79},
Number = {2},
Pages = {476-489},
Year = {2008},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0009-3920},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18366435},
Abstract = {This study investigates the ability of 6-month-old infants
to attend to the continuous properties of a set of discrete
entities. Infants were habituated to dot arrays that were
constant in cumulative surface area yet varied in number for
small (< 4) or large (> 3) sets. Results revealed that
infants detected a 4-fold (but not 3-fold) change in area,
regardless of set size. These results are in marked contrast
to demonstrations that infants of the same age successfully
discriminate a 2- or 3-fold change in number, providing
strong counterevidence to the claim that infants use solely
nonnumerical, continuous extent variables when
discriminating sets. These findings also shed light on the
processes involved in tracking continuous variables in
infants.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01137.x},
Key = {fds250947}
}
@article{fds250935,
Author = {EM Brannon and ME Libertus and WH Meck and MG Woldorff},
Title = {Electrophysiological measures of time processing in infant
and adult brains: Weber's Law holds.},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {20},
Number = {2},
Pages = {193-203},
Year = {2008},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18275328},
Abstract = {Behavioral studies have demonstrated that time perception in
adults, children, and nonhuman animals is subject to Weber's
Law. More specifically, as with discriminations of other
features, it has been found that it is the ratio between two
durations rather than their absolute difference that
controls the ability of an animal to discriminate them.
Here, we show that scalp-recorded event-related electrical
brain potentials (ERPs) in both adults and 10-month-old
human infants, in response to changes in interstimulus
interval (ISI), appear to obey the scalar property found in
time perception in adults, children, and nonhuman animals.
Using a timing-interval oddball paradigm, we tested adults
and infants in conditions where the ratio between the
standard and deviant interval in a train of homogeneous
auditory stimuli varied such that there was a 1:4 (only for
the infants), 1:3, 1:2, and 2:3 ratio between the standard
and deviant intervals. We found that the amplitude of the
deviant-triggered mismatch negativity ERP component
(deviant-ISI ERP minus standard-ISI ERP) varied as a
function of the ratio of the standard to deviant interval.
Moreover, when absolute values were varied and ratio was
held constant, the mismatch negativity did not
vary.},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn.2008.20016},
Key = {fds250935}
}
@book{fds140017,
Author = {Purves, D. and Brannon, E. and Cabeza, R. and Huettel, S. and LaBar, K. and Platt, M. and Woldorff, M},
Title = {Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience},
Publisher = {Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds140017}
}
@article{fds250909,
Author = {KE Jordan and SH Suanda and EM Brannon},
Title = {Intersensory redundancy accelerates preverbal numerical
competence},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {108},
Number = {1},
Pages = {210-221},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {0010-0277},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2007.12.001},
Abstract = {Intersensory redundancy can facilitate animal and human
behavior in areas as diverse as rhythm discrimination,
signal detection, orienting responses, maternal call
learning, and associative learning. In the realm of
numerical development, infants show similar sensitivity to
numerical differences in both the visual and auditory
modalities. Using a habituation-dishabituation paradigm, we
ask here, whether providing redundant, multisensory
numerical information allows six-month-old infants to make
more precise numerical discriminations. Results indicate
that perceptually redundant information improved preverbal
numerical precision to a level of discrimination previously
thought attainable only after additional months of
development. Multimodal stimuli may thus boost abstract
cognitive abilities such as numerical competence. © 2007
Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2007.12.001},
Key = {fds250909}
}
@article{fds250933,
Author = {KE Jordan and EL MacLean and EM Brannon},
Title = {Monkeys match and tally quantities across
senses},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {108},
Number = {3},
Pages = {617-625},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {0010-0277},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2008.05.006},
Abstract = {We report here that monkeys can actively match the number of
sounds they hear to the number of shapes they see and
present the first evidence that monkeys sum over sounds and
sights. In Experiment 1, two monkeys were trained to choose
a simultaneous array of 1-9 squares that numerically matched
a sample sequence of shapes or sounds. Monkeys numerically
matched across (audio-visual) and within (visual-visual)
modalities with equal accuracy and transferred to novel
numerical values. In Experiment 2, monkeys presented with
sample sequences of randomly ordered shapes or tones were
able to choose an array of 2-9 squares that was the
numerical sum of the shapes and sounds in the sample
sequence. In both experiments, accuracy and reaction time
depended on the ratio between the correct numerical match
and incorrect choice. These findings suggest monkeys and
humans share an abstract numerical code that can be divorced
from the modality in which stimuli are first experienced. ©
2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2008.05.006},
Key = {fds250933}
}
@article{fds250949,
Author = {JF Cantlon and EM Brannon},
Title = {Basic math in monkeys and college students.},
Journal = {PLoS Biol},
Volume = {5},
Number = {12},
Pages = {e328},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1544-9173},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18092890},
Abstract = {Adult humans possess a sophisticated repertoire of
mathematical faculties. Many of these capacities are rooted
in symbolic language and are therefore unlikely to be shared
with nonhuman animals. However, a subset of these skills is
shared with other animals, and this set is considered a
cognitive vestige of our common evolutionary history.
Current evidence indicates that humans and nonhuman animals
share a core set of abilities for representing and comparing
approximate numerosities nonverbally; however, it remains
unclear whether nonhuman animals can perform approximate
mental arithmetic. Here we show that monkeys can mentally
add the numerical values of two sets of objects and choose a
visual array that roughly corresponds to the arithmetic sum
of these two sets. Furthermore, monkeys' performance during
these calculations adheres to the same pattern as humans
tested on the same nonverbal addition task. Our data
demonstrate that nonverbal arithmetic is not unique to
humans but is instead part of an evolutionarily primitive
system for mathematical thinking shared by
monkeys.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.0050328},
Key = {fds250949}
}
@article{fds250920,
Author = {D Merritt and EL Maclean and S Jaffe and EM Brannon},
Title = {A comparative analysis of serial ordering in ring-tailed
lemurs (Lemur catta).},
Journal = {J Comp Psychol},
Volume = {121},
Number = {4},
Pages = {363-371},
Year = {2007},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0735-7036},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18085919},
Abstract = {Research over the last 25 years has demonstrated that
animals are able to organize sequences in memory and
retrieve ordered sequences without language. Qualitative
differences have been found between the serial organization
of behavior in pigeons and monkeys. Here the authors test
serial ordering abilities in ring-tailed lemurs, a
strepsirrhine primate whose ancestral lineage diverged from
that of monkeys, apes, and humans approximately 63 million
years ago. Lemurs' accuracy and response times were similar
to monkeys, thus suggesting that they may share mechanisms
for serial organization that dates to a common primate
ancestor.},
Doi = {10.1037/0735-7036.121.4.363},
Key = {fds250920}
}
@article{fds250951,
Author = {EM Brannon and S Suanda and K Libertus},
Title = {Temporal discrimination increases in precision over
development and parallels the development of numerosity
discrimination.},
Journal = {Dev Sci},
Volume = {10},
Number = {6},
Pages = {770-777},
Year = {2007},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1363-755X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17973794},
Abstract = {Time perception is important for many aspects of human
behavior, and a large literature documents that adults
represent intervals and that their ability to discriminate
temporal intervals is ratio dependent. Here we replicate a
recent study by vanMarle and Wynn (2006) that used the
visual habituation paradigm and demonstrated that temporal
discrimination in 6-month-old infants is also ratio
dependent. We further demonstrate that between 6 and 10
months of age temporal discrimination increases in precision
such that by 10 months of age infants succeed at
discriminating a 2:3 ratio, a ratio that 6-month-old infants
were unable to discriminate. We discuss the potential
implications of the fact that temporal discrimination
follows the same developmental progression that has been
previously observed for number discrimination in infancy
(Lipton & Spelke, 2003).},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00635.x},
Key = {fds250951}
}
@article{fds250934,
Author = {JD Roitman and EM Brannon and ML Platt},
Title = {Monotonic coding of numerosity in macaque lateral
intraparietal area.},
Journal = {PLoS Biol},
Volume = {5},
Number = {8},
Pages = {e208},
Year = {2007},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {1544-9173},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17676978},
Abstract = {As any child knows, the first step in counting is summing up
individual elements, yet the brain mechanisms responsible
for this process remain obscure. Here we show, for the first
time, that a population of neurons in the lateral
intraparietal area of monkeys encodes the total number of
elements within their classical receptive fields in a graded
fashion, across a wide range of numerical values (2-32).
Moreover, modulation of neuronal activity by visual quantity
developed rapidly, within 100 ms of stimulus onset, and was
independent of attention, reward expectations, or stimulus
attributes such as size, density, or color. The responses of
these neurons resemble the outputs of "accumulator neurons"
postulated in computational models of number processing.
Numerical accumulator neurons may provide inputs to neurons
encoding specific cardinal values, such as "4," that have
been described in previous work. Our findings may explain
the frequent association of visuospatial and numerical
deficits following damage to parietal cortex in
humans.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.0050208},
Key = {fds250934}
}
@article{fds250884,
Author = {J Cantlon and R Fink and K Safford and EM Brannon},
Title = {Heterogeneity impairs numerical matching but not numerical
ordering in preschool children.},
Journal = {Dev Sci},
Volume = {10},
Number = {4},
Pages = {431-440},
Year = {2007},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1363-755X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17552933},
Abstract = {Do preschool children appreciate numerical value as an
abstract property of a set of objects? We tested the
influence of stimulus features such as size, shape, and
color on preschool children's developing nonverbal numerical
abilities. Children between 3 and 5 years of age were tested
on their ability to estimate number when the sizes, shapes,
and colors of the elements in an array were varied
(heterogeneous condition) versus when they did not vary
(homogeneous condition). One group of children was tested on
an ordinal task in which the goal was to select the smaller
of two arrays while another group of children was tested on
a match-to-sample task in which the goal was to choose one
of two visual arrays that matched the sample in number.
Children performed above chance on both homogeneous and
heterogeneous stimuli in both tasks. However, while children
showed no impairment on heterogeneous relative to
homogeneous arrays in the ordering task, performance was
impaired by heterogeneity in the matching task. We suggest
that nonverbal numerical abstraction occurs early in
development, but specific task objectives may prevent
children from engaging in numerical abstraction.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00597.x},
Key = {fds250884}
}
@article{fds250883,
Author = {JD Roitman and EM Brannon, JR Andrews and ML
Platt},
Title = {Nonverbal representation of time and number in
adults.},
Journal = {Acta Psychol (Amst)},
Volume = {124},
Number = {3},
Pages = {296-318},
Year = {2007},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0001-6918},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16759623},
Abstract = {A wealth of human and animal research supports common neural
processing of numerical and temporal information. Here we
test whether adult humans spontaneously encode number and
time in a paradigm similar to those previously used to test
the mode-control model in animals. Subjects were trained to
classify visual stimuli that varied in both number and
duration as few/short or many/long. Subsequently subjects
were tested with novel stimuli that varied time and held
number constant (eight flashes in 0.8-3.2s) or varied number
and held time constant (4-16 flashes in 1.6s). Adult humans
classified novel stimuli as many/long as monotonic functions
of both number and duration, consistent with simultaneous,
nonverbal, analog encoding. Numerical sensitivity, however,
was finer than temporal sensitivity, suggesting differential
salience of time and number. These results support the
notion that adults simultaneously represent the number and
duration of stimuli but suggest a possible asymmetry in
their representations.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.actpsy.2006.03.008},
Key = {fds250883}
}
@article{fds250925,
Author = {JF Cantlon and EM Brannon},
Title = {Adding up the effects of cultural experience on the
brain.},
Journal = {Trends Cogn Sci},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-4},
Year = {2007},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1364-6613},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17129750},
Abstract = {How does the brain represent number and perform mathematical
calculations? According to a recent and provocative study by
Tang and colleagues, it depends on which language you learn.
They found that the divergent linguistic and cultural
experiences of native Chinese and native English speakers
are associated with distinct patterns of brain activity
during mathematical processing. Their results raise
important questions about the cognitive and neural
specificity of cultural influences on mathematical processes
and the core nature of mathematical cognition.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2006.10.008},
Key = {fds250925}
}
@article{fds250937,
Author = {JF Cantlon and EM Brannon},
Title = {How much does number matter to a monkey (Macaca
mulatta)?},
Journal = {J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process},
Volume = {33},
Number = {1},
Pages = {32-41},
Year = {2007},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0097-7403},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17227193},
Abstract = {Although many animal species can represent numerical values,
little is known about how salient number is relative to
other object properties for nonhuman animals. In one
hypothesis, researchers propose that animals represent
number only as a last resort, when no other properties
differentiate stimuli. An alternative hypothesis is that
animals automatically, spontaneously, and routinely
represent the numerical attributes of their environments.
The authors compared the influence of number versus that of
shape, color, and surface area on rhesus monkeys' (Macaca
mulatta) decisions by testing them on a matching task with
more than one correct answer: a numerical match and a
nonnumerical (color, surface area, or shape) match. The
authors also tested whether previous laboratory experience
with numerical discrimination influenced a monkey's
propensity to represent number. Contrary to the last-resort
hypothesis, all monkeys based their decisions on numerical
value when the numerical ratio was favorable.},
Doi = {10.1037/0097-7403.33.1.32},
Key = {fds250937}
}
@article{fds250950,
Author = {ME Libertus and MG Woldorff and EM Brannon},
Title = {Electrophysiological evidence for notation independence in
numerical processing.},
Journal = {Behav Brain Funct},
Volume = {3},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1},
Year = {2007},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17214890},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: A dominant view in numerical cognition is that
numerical comparisons operate on a notation independent
representation (Dehaene, 1992). Although previous human
neurophysiological studies using scalp-recorded
event-related potentials (ERPs) on the numerical distance
effect have been interpreted as supporting this idea,
differences in the electrophysiological correlates of the
numerical distance effect in symbolic notations (e.g. Arabic
numerals) and non-symbolic notations (e.g. a set of visually
presented dots of a certain number) are not entirely
consistent with this view. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two
experiments were conducted to resolve these discrepancies.
In Experiment 1, participants performed a symbolic and a
non-symbolic numerical comparison task ("smaller or larger
than 5?") with numerical values 1-4 and 6-9 while ERPs were
recorded. Consistent with a previous report (Temple &
Posner, 1998), in the symbolic condition the amplitude of
the P2p ERP component (210-250 ms post-stimulus) was larger
for values near to the standard than for values far from the
standard whereas this pattern was reversed in the
non-symbolic condition. However, closer analysis indicated
that the reversal in polarity was likely due to the presence
of a confounding stimulus effect on the early sensory ERP
components for small versus larger numerical values in the
non-symbolic condition. In Experiment 2 exclusively large
numerosities (8-30) were used, thereby rendering sensory
differences negligible, and with this control in place the
numerical distance effect in the non-symbolic condition
mirrored the symbolic condition of Experiment 1. CONCLUSION:
Collectively, the results support the claim of an abstract
semantic processing stage for numerical comparisons that is
independent of input notation.},
Doi = {10.1186/1744-9081-3-1},
Key = {fds250950}
}
@article{fds250936,
Author = {KE Jordan and EM Brannon},
Title = {A common representational system governed by Weber's law:
nonverbal numerical similarity judgments in 6-year-olds and
rhesus macaques.},
Journal = {J Exp Child Psychol},
Volume = {95},
Number = {3},
Pages = {215-229},
Year = {2006},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0022-0965},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16808924},
Abstract = {This study compared nonverbal numerical processing in
6-year-olds with that in nonhuman animals using a numerical
bisection task. In the study, 16 children were trained on a
delayed match-to-sample paradigm to match exemplars of two
anchor numerosities. Children were then required to indicate
whether a sample intermediate to the anchor values was
closer to the small anchor value or the large anchor value.
For two sets of anchor values with the same ratio, the
probability of choosing the larger anchor value increased
systematically with sample number, and the psychometric
functions superimposed when plotted on a logarithmic scale.
The psychometric functions produced by the children also
superimposed with the psychometric functions produced by
rhesus monkeys in an analogous previous experiment. These
examples of superimposition demonstrate that nonverbal
number representations, even in children who have acquired
the verbal counting system, are modulated by Weber's
law.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2006.05.004},
Key = {fds250936}
}
@article{fds250938,
Author = {EM Brannon and D Lutz and S Cordes},
Title = {The development of area discrimination and its implications
for number representation in infancy.},
Journal = {Dev Sci},
Volume = {9},
Number = {6},
Pages = {F59-F64},
Year = {2006},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1363-755X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17059447},
Abstract = {This paper investigates the ability of infants to attend to
continuous stimulus variables and how this capacity relates
to the representation of number. We examined the change in
area needed by 6-month-old infants to detect a difference in
the size of a single element (Elmo face). Infants
successfully discriminated a 1:4, 1:3 and 1:2 change in the
area of the Elmo face but failed to discriminate a 2:3
change. In addition, the novelty preference was linearly
related to the ratio difference between the novel and
familiar area. Results suggest that Weber's Law holds for
area discriminations in infancy and also reveal that at 6
months of age infants are equally sensitive to number, time
and area.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006.00530.x},
Key = {fds250938}
}
@article{fds250882,
Author = {KE Jordan and EM Brannon},
Title = {Weber's Law influences numerical representations in rhesus
macaques (Macaca mulatta).},
Journal = {Anim Cogn},
Volume = {9},
Number = {3},
Pages = {159-172},
Year = {2006},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1435-9448},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16575587},
Abstract = {We present the results of two experiments that probe the
ability of rhesus macaques to match visual arrays based on
number. Three monkeys were first trained on a delayed
match-to-sample paradigm (DMTS) to match stimuli on the
basis of number and ignore continuous dimensions such as
element size, cumulative surface area, and density. Monkeys
were then tested in a numerical bisection experiment that
required them to indicate whether a sample numerosity was
closer to a small or large anchor value. Results indicated
that, for two sets of anchor values with the same ratio, the
probability of choosing the larger anchor value
systematically increased with the sample number and the
psychometric functions superimposed. A second experiment
employed a numerical DMTS task in which the choice values
contained an exact numerical match to the sample and a
distracter that varied in number. Both accuracy and reaction
time were modulated by the ratio between the correct
numerical match and the distracter, as predicted by Weber's
Law.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-006-0017-8},
Key = {fds250882}
}
@article{fds250911,
Author = {JF Cantlon and EM Brannon and EJ Carter and KA
Pelphrey},
Title = {Functional imaging of numerical processing in adults and
4-y-old children.},
Journal = {PLoS Biol},
Volume = {4},
Number = {5},
Pages = {e125},
Year = {2006},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1545-7885},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16594732},
Abstract = {Adult humans, infants, pre-school children, and non-human
animals appear to share a system of approximate numerical
processing for non-symbolic stimuli such as arrays of dots
or sequences of tones. Behavioral studies of adult humans
implicate a link between these non-symbolic numerical
abilities and symbolic numerical processing (e.g., similar
distance effects in accuracy and reaction-time for arrays of
dots and Arabic numerals). However, neuroimaging studies
have remained inconclusive on the neural basis of this link.
The intraparietal sulcus (IPS) is known to respond
selectively to symbolic numerical stimuli such as Arabic
numerals. Recent studies, however, have arrived at
conflicting conclusions regarding the role of the IPS in
processing non-symbolic, numerosity arrays in adulthood, and
very little is known about the brain basis of numerical
processing early in development. Addressing the question of
whether there is an early-developing neural basis for
abstract numerical processing is essential for understanding
the cognitive origins of our uniquely human capacity for
math and science. Using functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI) at 4-Tesla and an event-related fMRI
adaptation paradigm, we found that adults showed a greater
IPS response to visual arrays that deviated from standard
stimuli in their number of elements, than to stimuli that
deviated in local element shape. These results support
previous claims that there is a neurophysiological link
between non-symbolic and symbolic numerical processing in
adulthood. In parallel, we tested 4-y-old children with the
same fMRI adaptation paradigm as adults to determine whether
the neural locus of non-symbolic numerical activity in
adults shows continuity in function over development. We
found that the IPS responded to numerical deviants similarly
in 4-y-old children and adults. To our knowledge, this is
the first evidence that the neural locus of adult numerical
cognition takes form early in development, prior to
sophisticated symbolic numerical experience. More broadly,
this is also, to our knowledge, the first cognitive fMRI
study to test healthy children as young as 4 y, providing
new insights into the neurophysiology of human cognitive
development.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.0040125},
Key = {fds250911}
}
@article{fds250955,
Author = {JF Cantlon and EM Brannon},
Title = {Shared system for ordering small and large numbers in
monkeys and humans.},
Journal = {Psychol Sci},
Volume = {17},
Number = {5},
Pages = {401-406},
Year = {2006},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0956-7976},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16683927},
Abstract = {There is increasing evidence that animals share with adult
humans and perhaps human infants a system for representing
objective number as psychological magnitudes that are an
analogue of the quantities they represent. Here we show that
rhesus monkeys can extend a numerical rule learned with the
values 1 through 9 to the values 10, 15, 20, and 30, which
suggests that there is no upper limit on a monkey's
numerical capacity. Instead, throughout the numerical range
tested, both accuracy and latency in ordering two numerical
values were systematically controlled by the ratio of the
values compared. In a second experiment, we directly
compared humans' and monkeys' performance in the same
ordinal comparison task. The qualitative and quantitative
similarity in their performance provides the strongest
evidence to date of a single nonverbal, evolutionarily
primitive mechanism for representing and comparing numerical
values.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01719.x},
Key = {fds250955}
}
@article{fds250931,
Author = {EM Brannon and JF Cantlon and HS Terrace},
Title = {The role of reference points in ordinal numerical
comparisons by rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).},
Journal = {J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process},
Volume = {32},
Number = {2},
Pages = {120-134},
Year = {2006},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0097-7403},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16634655},
Abstract = {Two experiments examined ordinal numerical knowledge in
rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Experiment 1 replicated
the finding (E. M. Brannon & H. S. Terrace, 2000) that
monkeys trained to respond in descending numerical order
(4-->3-->2-->1) did not generalize the descending rule to
the novel values 5-9 in contrast to monkeys trained to
respond in ascending order. Experiment 2 examined whether
the failure to generalize a descending rule was due to the
direction of the training sequence or to the specific values
used in the training sequence. Results implicated 3 factors
that characterize a monkey's numerical comparison process:
Weber's law, knowledge of ordinal direction, and a
comparison of each value in a test pair with the reference
point established by the first value of the training
sequence.},
Doi = {10.1037/0097-7403.32.2.120},
Key = {fds250931}
}
@article{fds250953,
Author = {EM Brannon},
Title = {The representation of numerical magnitude.},
Journal = {Curr Opin Neurobiol},
Volume = {16},
Number = {2},
Pages = {222-229},
Year = {2006},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0959-4388},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16546373},
Abstract = {The combined efforts of many fields are advancing our
understanding of how number is represented. Researchers
studying numerical reasoning in adult humans, developing
humans and non-human animals are using a suite of behavioral
and neurobiological methods to uncover similarities and
differences in how each population enumerates and compares
quantities to identify the neural substrates of numerical
cognition. An important picture emerging from this research
is that adult humans share with non-human animals a system
for representing number as language-independent mental
magnitudes and that this system emerges early in
development.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.conb.2006.03.002},
Key = {fds250953}
}
@article{fds250928,
Author = {KE Jordan and EM Brannon},
Title = {The multisensory representation of number in
infancy.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {103},
Number = {9},
Pages = {3486-3489},
Year = {2006},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16492785},
Abstract = {Human infants can discriminate visual and auditory stimuli
solely on the basis of number, suggesting a developmental
foundation for the nonverbal number representations of adult
humans. Recent studies suggest that these
language-independent number representations are multisensory
in both adult humans and nonhuman animals. Surprisingly,
however, previous studies have yielded mixed evidence
concerning whether nonverbal numerical representations
independent of sensory modality are present early in human
development. In this article, we use a paradigm that avoids
stimulus confounds present in previous studies of
cross-modal numerical mapping in infants. We show that
7-month-old infants preferentially attend to visual displays
of adult humans that numerically match the number of adult
humans they hear speaking. These data provide evidence that
by 7 months of age, infants connect numerical
representations across different sensory modalities when
presented with human faces and voices. Results support the
possibility of a shared system between preverbal infants and
nonverbal animals for representing number.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0508107103},
Key = {fds250928}
}
@article{fds250929,
Author = {ML Corre and GVD Walle and EM Brannon and S Carey},
Title = {Re-visiting the competence/performance debate in the
acquisition of the counting principles},
Journal = {Cognitive Psychology},
Volume = {52},
Number = {2},
Pages = {130-169},
Year = {2006},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2005.07.002},
Abstract = {Advocates of the "continuity hypothesis" have argued that
innate non-verbal counting principles guide the acquisition
of the verbal count list (Gelman & Gallistel, 1978).
Some studies have supported this hypothesis, but others have
suggested that the counting principles must be constructed
anew by each child. Defenders of the continuity hypothesis
have argued that the studies that failed to support it
obscured children's understanding of counting by making
excessive demands on their fragile counting skills. We
evaluated this claim by testing two-, three-, and
four-year-olds both on "easy" tasks that have supported
continuity and "hard" tasks that have argued against it. A
few noteworthy exceptions notwithstanding, children who
failed to show that they understood counting on the hard
tasks also failed on the easy tasks. Therefore, our results
are consistent with a growing body of evidence that shows
that the count list as a representation of the positive
integers transcends pre-verbal representations of number. ©
2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogpsych.2005.07.002},
Key = {fds250929}
}
@article{fds250954,
Author = {JF Cantlon and EM Brannon},
Title = {The effect of heterogeneity on numerical ordering in rhesus
monkeys},
Journal = {Infancy},
Volume = {9},
Number = {2},
Pages = {173-189},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {1525-0008},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327078in0902_5},
Abstract = {We investigated how within-stimulus heterogeneity affects
the ability of rhesus monkeys to order pairs of the
numerosities 1 through 9. Two rhesus monkeys were tested in
a touch screen task where the variability of elements within
each visual array was systematically varied by allowing
elements to vary in color, size, shape, or any combination
of these dimensions. We found no evidence of a cost (or
benefit) in accuracy or reaction time when monkeys were
tested with stimuli that were heterogeneous in color, size,
or shape. This was true even though both monkeys experienced
extended initial training with arrays that were homogeneous
in the color, shape, and size of elements. The implications
of this finding for the mechanisms that monkeys use to
represent and compare numerosities are discussed. Copyright
© 2006, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1207/s15327078in0902_5},
Key = {fds250954}
}
@article{fds250927,
Author = {JF Cantlon and EM Brannon},
Title = {Semantic congruity affects numerical judgments similarly in
monkeys and humans.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {102},
Number = {45},
Pages = {16507-16511},
Year = {2005},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16260752},
Abstract = {Monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were trained to order visual arrays
based on their number of elements and to conditionally
choose the array with the larger or smaller number of
elements dependent on a color cue. When the screen
background was red, monkeys were reinforced for choosing the
smaller numerical value first. When the screen background
was blue, monkeys were reinforced for choosing the larger
numerical value first. Monkeys showed a semantic congruity
effect analogous to that reported for human comparison
judgments. Specifically, decision time was systematically
influenced by the semantic congruity between the cue
("choose smaller" or "choose larger") and the magnitude of
the choice stimuli (small or large numbers of dots). This
finding demonstrates a semantic congruity effect in a
nonlinguistic animal and provides strong evidence for an
evolutionarily primitive magnitude-comparison algorithm
common to humans and monkeys.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0506463102},
Key = {fds250927}
}
@article{fds250932,
Author = {KE Jordan and EM Brannon and NK Logothetis and AA
Ghazanfar},
Title = {Monkeys match the number of voices they hear to the number
of faces they see.},
Journal = {Curr Biol},
Volume = {15},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1034-1038},
Year = {2005},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0960-9822},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15936274},
Abstract = {Convergent evidence demonstrates that adult humans possess
numerical representations that are independent of language
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6]. Human infants and nonhuman animals
can also make purely numerical discriminations, implicating
both developmental and evolutionary bases for adult humans'
language-independent representations of number [7 and 8].
Recent evidence suggests that the nonverbal representations
of number held by human adults are not constrained by the
sensory modality in which they were perceived [9]. Previous
studies, however, have yielded conflicting results
concerning whether the number representations held by
nonhuman animals and human infants are tied to the modality
in which they were established [10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15].
Here, we report that untrained monkeys preferentially looked
at a dynamic video display depicting the number of
conspecifics that matched the number of vocalizations they
heard. These findings suggest that number representations
held by monkeys, like those held by adult humans, are
unfettered by stimulus modality.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2005.04.056},
Key = {fds250932}
}
@article{fds250924,
Author = {EM Brannon},
Title = {The independence of language and mathematical
reasoning.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {102},
Number = {9},
Pages = {3177-3178},
Year = {2005},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15728346},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0500328102},
Key = {fds250924}
}
@misc{fds51975,
Author = {Santos, L R.},
Title = {Primate Cognition: Putting Two and Two Together},
Journal = {Current Biology},
Volume = {15},
Number = {1},
Pages = {R545-R547},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds51975}
}
@misc{fds27805,
Author = {E. Brannon},
Title = {What Animals Know About Numbers},
Pages = {85-107},
Booktitle = {Handbook of Mathematical Cognition},
Publisher = {Psychology Press},
Editor = {Jamie Campbell (Ed.).},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds27805}
}
@article{fds250930,
Author = {KP Lewis and S Jaffe and EM Brannon},
Title = {Analog number representations in mongoose lemurs (Eulemur
mongoz): Evidence from a search task},
Journal = {Animal Cognition},
Volume = {8},
Number = {4},
Pages = {247-252},
Year = {2005},
ISSN = {1435-9448},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-004-0251-x},
Abstract = {A wealth of data demonstrating that monkeys and apes
represent number have been interpreted as suggesting that
sensitivity to number emerged early in primate evolution, if
not before. Here we examine the numerical capacities of the
mongoose lemur (Eulemur mongoz), a member of the prosimian
suborder of primates that split from the common ancestor of
monkeys, apes and humans approximately 47-54 million years
ago. Subjects observed as an experimenter sequentially
placed grapes into an opaque bucket. On half of the trials
the experimenter placed a subset of the grapes into a false
bottom such that they were inaccessible to the lemur. The
critical question was whether lemurs would spend more time
searching the bucket when food should have remained in the
bucket, compared to when they had retrieved all of the food.
We found that the amount of time lemurs spent searching was
indicative of whether grapes should have remained in the
bucket, and furthermore that lemur search time reliably
differentiated numerosities that differed by a 1:2 ratio,
but not those that differed by a 2:3 or 3:4 ratio. Finally,
two control conditions determined that lemurs represented
the number of food items, and neither the odor of the
grapes, nor the amount of grape (e.g., area) in the bucket.
These results suggest that mongoose lemurs have numerical
representations that are modulated by Weber's Law. ©
Springer-Verlag 2005.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-004-0251-x},
Key = {fds250930}
}
@article{fds250956,
Author = {EM Brannon and LW Roussel and WH Meck and M Woldorff},
Title = {Timing in the baby brain.},
Journal = {Brain Res Cogn Brain Res},
Volume = {21},
Number = {2},
Pages = {227-233},
Year = {2004},
Month = {Spring},
ISSN = {0926-6410},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15464354},
Abstract = {Ten-month-old infants and adults were tested in an auditory
oddball paradigm in which 50-ms tones were separated by 1500
ms (standard interval) and occasionally 500 ms (deviant
interval). Both infants and adults showed marked brain
responses to the tone that followed a deviant inter-stimulus
interval (ISI). Specifically, the timing-deviance
event-related-potential (ERP) difference waves (deviant-ISI
ERP minus standard-ISI ERP) yielded a significant,
fronto-centrally distributed, mismatch negativity (MMN) in
the latency range of 120-240 ms post-stimulus for infants
and 110-210 ms for adults. A robust, longer latency,
deviance-related positivity was also obtained for infants
(330-520 ms), with a much smaller and later deviance-related
positivity observed for adults (585-705 ms). These results
suggest that the 10-month-old infant brain has already
developed some of the same mechanisms as adults for
detecting deviations in the timing of stimulus
events.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.04.007},
Key = {fds250956}
}
@article{fds250952,
Author = {EM Brannon and S Abbott and DJ Lutz},
Title = {Number bias for the discrimination of large visual sets in
infancy.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {93},
Number = {2},
Pages = {B59-B68},
Year = {2004},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0010-0277},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15147939},
Abstract = {This brief report attempts to resolve the claim that infants
preferentially attend to continuous variables over number
[e.g. Psychol. Sci. 10 (1999) 408; Cognit. Psychol.44 (2002)
33] with the finding that when continuous variables are
controlled, infants as young as 6-months of age discriminate
large numerical values [e.g. Psychol. Sci. 14 (2003) 396;
Cognition 89 (2003) B15; Cognition 74 (2000) B1]. In two
parallel experiments, we compare 6-month-old infants'
ability to discriminate number and ignore continuous
variables with their ability to form a representation of a
cumulative surface area and ignore number. We find that
infants discriminate a 2-fold change in number but fail to
discriminate a 2-fold change in cumulative surface area. The
results point to a more complicated relationship between
discrete and continuous dimensions than implied by previous
literature.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2004.01.004},
Key = {fds250952}
}
@misc{fds26119,
Author = {E. M. Brannon},
Title = {Quantitative thinking: From monkey to human and human infant
to human adult},
Booktitle = {Handbook of Mathematical Cognition},
Editor = {Stanislas Dehaene},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds26119}
}
@article{fds250960,
Author = {EM Brannon and M Andrews and L Rosenblum},
Title = {The reward value of social video for socially housed Bonnet
Macaques},
Journal = {Perceptual and Motor Skills},
Volume = {98},
Number = {3 I},
Pages = {849-858},
Year = {2004},
ISSN = {0031-5125},
Abstract = {Two experiments were conducted to examine the effectiveness
of presenting brief video of conspecifics to socially housed
bonnet macaques as a reward for performing a joystick task.
Using a joystick, subjects tracked a moving target with the
cursor on a computer monitor. In Exp. 1, subjects completed
significantly more joystick trials for food reward than for
video reward or no reward. Subjects also preferred viewing
video of another group (Other Group Video) to receiving no
reward or to viewing video of their own group (Own Group
Video). In Exp. 2, subjects were given two reward
conditions, video of a familiar social group or video of a
new social group. Two monkeys contributed the vast majority
of trials, and both responded more frequently when the
reward was video of the new social group. Results of these
two experiments suggest that viewing video of conspecifics
may serve as an effective reward for at least some socially
housed primates and suggests that novelty of the individuals
depicted in the video is an important factor contributing to
the reward value of video.},
Key = {fds250960}
}
@article{fds304646,
Author = {EM Brannon and MW Andrews and LA Rosenblum},
Title = {Effectiveness of video of conspecifics as a reward for
socially housed bonnet macaques (macaca radiata)},
Journal = {Perceptual and Motor Skills},
Volume = {98},
Number = {3 I},
Pages = {849-858},
Year = {2004},
ISSN = {0031-5125},
Abstract = {Two experiments were conducted to examine the effectiveness
of presenting brief video of conspecifics to socially housed
bonnet macaques as a reward for performing a joystick task.
Using a joystick, subjects tracked a moving target with the
cursor on a computer monitor. In Exp. 1, subjects completed
significantly more joystick trials for food reward than for
video reward or no reward. Subjects also preferred viewing
video of another group (Other Group Video) to receiving no
reward or to viewing video of their own group (Own Group
Video). In Exp. 2, subjects were given two reward
conditions, video of a familiar social group or video of a
new social group. Two monkeys contributed the vast majority
of trials, and both responded more frequently when the
reward was video of the new social group. Results of these
two experiments suggest that viewing video of conspecifics
may serve as an effective reward for at least some socially
housed primates and suggests that novelty of the individuals
depicted in the video is an important factor contributing to
the reward value of video.},
Key = {fds304646}
}
@article{fds250879,
Author = {EM Brannon},
Title = {Number knows no bounds.},
Journal = {Trends Cogn Sci},
Volume = {7},
Number = {7},
Pages = {279-281},
Year = {2003},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12860181},
Abstract = {Is the approximate representation of large numbers in adult
humans bound to a sensory modality or other aspects of the
stimulus presentation, or are these non-verbal numerical
representations abstract? A recent paper by Barth, Kanwisher
and Spelke provides compelling evidence that non-verbal
mental magnitudes are modality-independent.},
Key = {fds250879}
}
@misc{fds26120,
Author = {E. M. Brannon and Roitman, J.},
Title = {Nonverbal Representations of Time and Number in Non-Human
Animals and Human Infants},
Pages = {143-182},
Booktitle = {Functional and Neural Mechanisms of Interval
Timing},
Publisher = {New York, NY: CRC Press},
Editor = {Warren Meck},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds26120}
}
@article{fds250961,
Author = {HS Terrace and LK Son and EM Brannon},
Title = {Serial expertise of rhesus macaques},
Journal = {Psychological Science},
Volume = {14},
Number = {1},
Pages = {66-73},
Year = {2003},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.01420},
Abstract = {Here we describe the development of serial expertise in 4
experimentally naive rhesus monkeys that learned, by trial
and error, the correct order in which to respond to 3-, 4-,
and 7-item lists of arbitrarily selected photographs. The
probabilities of guessing the correct sequence on 3-, 4-,
and 7-item lists were, respectively, 1/6, 1/24, and 1/5,040.
Each monkey became progressively more efficient at
determining the correct order in which to respond on new
lists. During subsequent testing, the subjects were
presented with all possible pairs of the 28 items used to
construct the four 7-item lists (excluding pairs of items
that occupied the same ordinal position in different lists).
Subjects responded to pairs from different lists in the
correct order 91% of the time on the first trials on which
these pairs were presented. These features of subjects'
performance, which cannot be attributed to procedural
memory, satisfy two criteria of declarative memory: rapid
acquisition of new knowledge and flexible application of
existing knowledge to a new problem.},
Doi = {10.1111/1467-9280.01420},
Key = {fds250961}
}
@article{fds250957,
Author = {EM Brannon},
Title = {The development of ordinal numerical knowledge in
infancy.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {83},
Number = {3},
Pages = {223-240},
Year = {2002},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0010-0277},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11934402},
Abstract = {A critical question in cognitive science concerns how
numerical knowledge develops. One essential component of an
adult concept of number is ordinality: the greater than and
less than relationships between numbers. Here it is shown in
two experiments that 11-month-old infants successfully
discriminated, whereas 9-month-old infants failed to
discriminate, sequences of numerosities that descended in
numerical value from sequences that increased in numerical
value. These results suggest that by 11 months of age
infants possess the ability to appreciate the greater than
and less than relations between numerical values but that
this ability develops between 9 and 11 months of age. In an
additional experiment 9-month-old infants succeeded at
discriminating the ordinal direction of sequences that
varied in the size of a single square rather than in number,
suggesting that a capacity for non-numerical ordinal
judgments may develop before a capacity for ordinal
numerical judgments. These data raise many questions about
how infants represent number and what happens between 9 and
11 months to support ordinal numerical judgments.},
Key = {fds250957}
}
@misc{fds26123,
Author = {E. Brannon and Terrace, H.S.},
Title = {The Evolution and Ontogeny of Ordinal Numerical
Ability},
Pages = {197-204},
Booktitle = {The Cognitive Animal},
Publisher = {Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press},
Editor = {Beckoff, M. and Allen, C. and Burghardt, G.M.},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds26123}
}
@article{fds250878,
Author = {EM Brannon and GAVD Walle},
Title = {Erratum: The development of ordinal numerical competence in
young children (Cognitive Psychology (2001) 43, 1 (53-81)
doi: 10.1006/cogp.2001.0756)},
Journal = {Cognitive Psychology},
Volume = {44},
Number = {2},
Pages = {191-192},
Year = {2002},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cogp.2001.0780},
Doi = {10.1006/cogp.2001.0780},
Key = {fds250878}
}
@article{fds304644,
Author = {EM Brannon and GA Van de Walle},
Title = {The development of ordinal numerical competence in young
children.},
Journal = {Cogn Psychol},
Volume = {43},
Number = {1},
Pages = {53-81},
Year = {2001},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0010-0285},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11487294},
Abstract = {Two experiments assessed ordinal numerical knowledge in 2-
and 3-year-old children and investigated the relationship
between ordinal and verbal numerical knowledge. Children
were trained on a 1 vs 2 comparison and then tested with
novel numerosities. Stimuli consisted of two trays, each
containing a different number of boxes. In Experiment 1, box
size was held constant. In Experiment 2, box size was varied
such that cumulative surface area was unrelated to number.
Results show children as young as 2 years of age make purely
numerical discriminations and represent ordinal relations
between numerosities as large as 6. Children who lacked any
verbal numerical knowledge could not make ordinal judgments.
However, once children possessed minimal verbal numerical
competence, further knowledge was entirely unrelated to
ordinal competence. Number may become a salient dimension as
children begin to learn to count. An analog magnitude
representation of number may underlie success on the ordinal
task.},
Doi = {10.1006/cogp.2001.0756},
Key = {fds304644}
}
@article{fds304645,
Author = {EM Brannon and CJ Wusthoff and CR Gallistel and J
Gibbon},
Title = {Numerical subtraction in the pigeon: evidence for a linear
subjective number scale.},
Journal = {Psychol Sci},
Volume = {12},
Number = {3},
Pages = {238-243},
Year = {2001},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0956-7976},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11437307},
Abstract = {When humans and animals compare two numbers, responding is
faster and more accurate with increasing numerical disparity
and decreasing numerical size. Researchers explaining these
distance and size effects often, assume that the subjective
number continuum is logarithmically compressed. An
alternative hypothesis is that the subjective number
continuum is linear, but positions farther along it are
proportionately fuzzier, that is, less precisely located.
These two hypotheses have been treated as functionally
equivalent because of their similar empirical predictions.
The current experiment sought to resolve this issue with a
paradigm originally developed to address the subjective
representation of time (time left). In our adaptation,
pigeons were required to compare a constant number with the
number remaining after a numerical subtraction. Our results
indicate that subjective number is linearly, not
logarithmically, related to objective number.},
Key = {fds304645}
}
@misc{fds250871,
Author = {RL Maddox and D Leclerc},
Title = {Foreword.},
Journal = {manual},
Pages = {ix-xii},
Booktitle = {Singleness of Heart: Gender, Sin, and Holiness in Historical
Perspective},
Publisher = {Scarecrow Press},
Year = {2001},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7964 Duke open
access},
Key = {fds250871}
}
@article{fds250963,
Author = {E Brannon and CJ Wusthoff and CR Gallistel and J
Gibbon},
Title = {Subtraction in the Pigeon: Evidence for a Linear Subjective
Number Scale},
Journal = {Psychological Science},
Volume = {12},
Number = {3},
Pages = {238-243},
Year = {2001},
ISSN = {0956-7976},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11437307},
Abstract = {When humans and animals compare two numbers, responding is
faster and more accurate with increasing numerical disparity
and decreasing numerical size. Researchers explaining these
distance and size effects often, assume that the subjective
number continuum is logarithmically compressed. An
alternative hypothesis is that the subjective number
continuum is linear, but positions farther along it are
proportionately fuzzier, that is, less precisely located.
These two hypotheses have been treated as functionally
equivalent because of their similar empirical predictions.
The current experiment sought to resolve this issue with a
paradigm originally developed to address the subjective
representation of time (time left). In our adaptation,
pigeons were required to compare a constant number with the
number remaining after a numerical subtraction. Our results
indicate that subjective number is linearly, not
logarithmically, related to objective number.},
Key = {fds250963}
}
@article{fds250964,
Author = {E Brannon and G Van de Walle},
Title = {Ordinal Numerical Knowledge in Young Children},
Journal = {Cognitive Psychology},
Volume = {43},
Number = {1},
Pages = {53-81},
Year = {2001},
ISSN = {0010-0285},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11487294},
Abstract = {Two experiments assessed ordinal numerical knowledge in 2-
and 3-year-old children and investigated the relationship
between ordinal and verbal numerical knowledge. Children
were trained on a 1 vs 2 comparison and then tested with
novel numerosities. Stimuli consisted of two trays, each
containing a different number of boxes. In Experiment 1, box
size was held constant. In Experiment 2, box size was varied
such that cumulative surface area was unrelated to number.
Results show children as young as 2 years of age make purely
numerical discriminations and represent ordinal relations
between numerosities as large as 6. Children who lacked any
verbal numerical knowledge could not make ordinal judgments.
However, once children possessed minimal verbal numerical
competence, further knowledge was entirely unrelated to
ordinal competence. Number may become a salient dimension as
children begin to learn to count. An analog magnitude
representation of number may underlie success on the ordinal
task.},
Doi = {10.1006/cogp.2001.0756},
Key = {fds250964}
}
@article{fds250965,
Author = {CR Gallistel and EM Brannon and J Gibbon and CJ
Wusthoff},
Title = {Response to Dehaene’s Commentary},
Journal = {Psychological Science},
Volume = {12},
Number = {3},
Pages = {247},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds250965}
}
@article{fds250962,
Author = {EM Brannon and HS Terrace},
Title = {Representation of the numerosities 1-9 by rhesus macaques
(Macaca mulatta)},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior
Processes},
Volume = {26},
Number = {1},
Pages = {31-49},
Year = {2000},
ISSN = {0097-7403},
Abstract = {Three rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were trained to
respond to exemplars of 1,2,3, and 4 in an ascending,
descending, or a nonmonotonic numerical order
(1→2→3→4, 4→3→2→1, 3→1→4→2). The monkeys
were then tested on their ability to order pairs of the
novel numerosities 5-9. In Experiment 1, all 3 monkeys
ordered novel exemplars of the numerosities 1-4 in ascending
or descending order. The attempt to train a nonmonotonic
order (3→1→4→2) failed. In Experiment 2A, the 2
monkeys who learned the ascending numerical rule ordered
pairs of the novel numerosities 5-9 on unreinforced trials.
The monkey who learned the descending numerical rule failed
to extrapolate the descending rule to new numerosities. In
Experiment 2B all 3 monkeys ordered novel exemplars of pairs
of the numerosities 5-9. Accuracy and latency of responding
revealed distance and magnitude effects analogous to
previous findings with human participants (R. S. Moyer &
T. K. Landaeur, 1967). Collectively these studies show that
monkeys represent the numerosities 1-9 on at least an
ordinal scale. Copyright 2000 by the American Psychological
Association, Inc.},
Key = {fds250962}
}
@article{fds26917,
Author = {E. M. and Brannon and Terrace, H.S.},
Title = {Letter to the Editor},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {283},
Pages = {1852},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds26917}
}
@article{fds250875,
Author = {PL Stocklin and EM Brannon and HS Terrace},
Title = {Monkey numeration [4] (multiple letters)},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {283},
Number = {5409},
Pages = {1851-1852},
Year = {1999},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
Key = {fds250875}
}
@article{fds250959,
Author = {EM Brannon and HS Terrace},
Title = {Ordering of the numerosities 1 to 9 by monkeys},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {282},
Number = {5389},
Pages = {746-749},
Year = {1998},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.282.5389.746},
Abstract = {A fundamental question in cognitive science is whether
animals can represent numerosity (a property of a stimulus
that is defined by the number of discriminable elements it
contains) and use numerical representations computationally.
Here, it was shown that rhesus monkeys represent the
numerosity of visual stimuli and detect their ordinal
disparity. Two monkeys were first trained to respond to
exemplars of the numerosities 1 to 4 in an ascending
numerical order (1 → 2 → 3 → 4). As a control for
non-numerical cues, exemplars were varied with respect to
size, shape, and color. The monkeys were later tested,
without reward, on their ability to order stimulus pairs
composed of the novel numerosities 5 to 9. Both monkeys
responded in an ascending order to the novel numerosities.
These results show that rhesus monkeys represent the
numerosities 1 to 9 on an ordinal scale.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.282.5389.746},
Key = {fds250959}
}
@article{fds250958,
Author = {ML Platt and EM Brannon and TL Briese and JA French},
Title = {Differences in feeding ecology predict differences in
performance between golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus
rosalia) and Wied's marmosets (Callithrix kuhli) on spatial
and visual memory tasks},
Journal = {Animal Learning & Behavior},
Volume = {24},
Number = {4},
Pages = {384-393},
Year = {1996},
ISSN = {0090-4996},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03199010},
Abstract = {Golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia) and Wied's
marmosets (Callithrix kuhli) exhibited adaptive differences
in performance on several distinct memory tasks. On both an
open-field analogue of a radial arm maze and a spatial
delayed matching-to-sample task, the marmosets performed
better than the tamarins after short (5-min) retention
intervals, but only the tamarins continued to perform above
chance after long (24- or 48-h) retention intervals. The
marmosets also required less training than the tamarins did
to learn a color memory task, but again only the tamarins
performed above chance when the retention interval was
increased to 24 h. The results of these experiments are
consistent with predictions based on knowledge of the
feeding ecology of these species in the wild and raise the
possibility that they possess different visuospatial memory
abilities specialized for tracking the spatial and temporal
distribution of their principal foods. © 1996 Psychonomic
Society, Inc.},
Doi = {10.3758/BF03199010},
Key = {fds250958}
}
%% Brockman, Diane K
@article{fds19777,
Author = {D.K. Brockman and C.P Schaik},
Title = {Primate Seasonality: Implicaitions for Human
Evolution},
Booktitle = {Cambridge Studies in Biological Anthropology},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Brockman, DK and Schaik, CP},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds19777}
}
@article{fds19775,
Author = {D.K. Brockman},
Title = {Polyboroides radiatus Predation Attempts on Propithecus
verreauxi},
Journal = {Folia primatologica},
Volume = {71},
Pages = {71-74},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds19775}
}
@article{fds19776,
Author = {D.K. Brockman and P.L. Whitten},
Title = {Hormonal basis of reproductive competition in female
Propithecus v. conaquereli: Mothers and daughters in
conflict?},
Journal = {Lemur News},
Volume = {8},
Pages = {13-15},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds19776}
}
%% Campbell, Ryan
@article{fds324217,
Author = {Faherty, SL and Campbell, CR and Larsen, PL and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {Evaluating whole transcriptome amplification for gene
profiling experiments using RNA-Seq},
Journal = {BMC Biotechnology},
Volume = {15},
Pages = {65},
Publisher = {BioMed Central},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12896-015-0155-7},
Abstract = {RNA-Seq has enabled high-throughput gene expression
profiling to provide insight into the functional link
between genotype and phenotype. Low quantities of starting
RNA can be a severe hindrance for studies that aim to
utilize RNA-Seq. To mitigate this bottleneck, whole
transcriptome amplification (WTA) technologies have been
developed to generate sufficient sequencing targets from
minute amounts of RNA. Successful WTA requires accurate
replication of transcript abundance without the loss or
distortion of specific mRNAs. Here, we test the efficacy of
NuGEN's Ovation RNA-Seq V2 system, which uses linear
isothermal amplification with a unique chimeric primer for
amplification, using white adipose tissue from standard
laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus). Our goal was to
investigate potential biological artifacts introduced
through WTA approaches by establishing comparisons between
matched raw and amplified RNA libraries derived from
biological replicates.We found that 93% of expressed genes
were identical between all unamplified versus matched
amplified comparisons, also finding that gene density is
similar across all comparisons. Our sequencing experiment
and downstream bioinformatic analyses using the Tuxedo
analysis pipeline resulted in the assembly of 25,543
high-quality transcripts. Libraries constructed from raw RNA
and WTA samples averaged 15,298 and 15,253 expressed genes,
respectively. Although significant differentially expressed
genes (P < 0.05) were identified in all matched samples,
each of these represents less than 0.15% of all shared genes
for each comparison.Transcriptome amplification is efficient
at maintaining relative transcript frequencies with no
significant bias when using this NuGEN linear isothermal
amplification kit under ideal laboratory conditions as
presented in this study. This methodology has broad
applications, from clinical and diagnostic, to field-based
studies when sample acquisition, or sample preservation,
methods prove challenging.},
Doi = {10.1186/s12896-015-0155-7},
Key = {fds324217}
}
%% Campbell, Victoria M.
@article{fds27802,
Author = {Richard F. Kay and Victoria M. Campbell and James B.
Rossie},
Title = {The olfactory fossa of Tremacebus harringtoni (Platyrrhini,
early Miocene, Sacanana, Argentina): implications for
activity pattern},
Journal = {Anatomical Record},
Year = {2004},
Month = {November},
Key = {fds27802}
}
%% Cartmill, Matt
@misc{fds303332,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Brown, K},
Title = {Series Editors' Preface},
Booktitle = {The Primate Roots of Human Nature by C. van
Schaik},
Publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
Year = {2015},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds303332}
}
@misc{fds303333,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Brown, K},
Title = {Posture, locomotion and bipedality: the case of the gerenuk
(Litocranius walleri)},
Booktitle = {Human Paleontology and Prehistory: Contributions in Honor of
Yoel Rak},
Publisher = {Springer},
Editor = {Marom, A and Hovers, E},
Year = {2015},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds303333}
}
@article{fds239859,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Review of Rough and Tumble: Aggression, Hunting, and Human
Evolution by Travis Rayne Pickering},
Journal = {Quarterly Review of Biology},
Volume = {90},
Pages = {92-92},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Year = {2015},
ISSN = {1539-7718},
Key = {fds239859}
}
@misc{fds239942,
Author = {Grochowski, CO and Cartmill, M and Reiter, J and Spaulding, J and Haviland, J and Valea, F and Thibodeau, PL and McCorison, S and Halperin, EC},
Title = {Anxiety in first year medical students taking gross
anatomy.},
Journal = {Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {27},
Number = {6},
Pages = {835-838},
Year = {2014},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0897-3806},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.22398},
Abstract = {To study anxiety levels in first-year medical students
taking gross anatomy. Thirty medical students per year, for
2 years, completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) 10 times
during a 13-week gross anatomy course. In addition,
behavioral observations were made by a psychiatrist during
gross anatomy for demonstrations of assertive, destructive,
neutral, or passive behavior. Additional qualitative outcome
measures were group exit interviews with the faculty and
students. The mean BAI for all 60 students per year, for 2
years, was 2.19 ± 3.76, 93% of the scores indicated
minimal anxiety, and 89% of BAI values were less than five
which confirmed a minimal level of anxiety. The low level of
reported BAI contrasted sharply with verbal reports by the
same students and face-to-face exit interviews with the
psychiatrist. Symptoms of stress and anxiety emerged as a
result of these conversations. The high levels of subjective
stress and anxiety revealed by the interviews were unknown
to the gross anatomy faculty. The low scores of students on
the BAI's stand in sharp contrast to the BAI's reported for
medical students in other published reports. Although it is
possible that our students were truthfully devoid of
anxiety, it is more likely that our students were denying
even minimal anxiety levels. There have been reports that
medical students feel that admitting stress, depression, or
anxiety put their competitiveness for a residency at risk.
We conclude that students may be in frank denial of
experiencing anxiety and, if so, this behavior is not
conducive to good mental health.},
Doi = {10.1002/ca.22398},
Key = {fds239942}
}
@article{fds239943,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Brown, K},
Title = {Vertebral body area profiles in primates and other
mammals},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {153},
Pages = {91-91},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000331225100124&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds239943}
}
@misc{fds239880,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Brown, K},
Title = {Series introduction},
Pages = {ix-x},
Booktitle = {Thin on the Ground: Neandertal Biology, Archeology, and
Ecology by Steven E. Churchill},
Publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
Year = {2014},
Key = {fds239880}
}
@misc{fds239946,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {The end of higher taxa: a reply to Tattersall.},
Journal = {Evolutionary anthropology},
Volume = {22},
Number = {4},
Pages = {172-173},
Year = {2013},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23943270},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.21346},
Key = {fds239946}
}
@article{fds239860,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Review of The Philosophy of Human Evolution by Michael
Ruse},
Journal = {Reports of the National Center for Science
Education},
Volume = {33},
Number = {1},
Pages = {4.1-4.3},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds239860}
}
@misc{fds239945,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Primate origins, human origins, and the end of higher
taxa.},
Journal = {Evolutionary anthropology},
Volume = {21},
Number = {6},
Pages = {208-220},
Year = {2012},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1060-1538},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.21324},
Abstract = {When people learn that I study human evolution and we start
talking about it, they sometimes ask me, "How long ago did
the first humans live?" My answer is usually another
question: "What do you mean by 'humans'?" That response
seems as baffling and wrong-headed to them as their question
seems to me, and it usually takes us a while to straighten
things out. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.21324},
Key = {fds239945}
}
@article{fds239964,
Author = {Tomcej, V and Cartmill, M and Lemelin, P},
Title = {Bipod lengths during quadrupedal walking in the kinkajou
(Potos flavus): another step toward understanding the
evolution of diagonal-sequence gaits.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {147},
Pages = {287-287},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000300498701293&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds239964}
}
@article{fds239984,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Brown, K},
Title = {Human fat deposition and upright posture.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {147},
Pages = {113-113},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000300498700148&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds239984}
}
@misc{fds239881,
Author = {Brown, K and Cartmill, M},
Title = {Foreword},
Volume = {1-4},
Pages = {vii-viii},
Booktitle = {Human Population Genetics by J. Relethford},
Publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
Year = {2012},
ISBN = {9789814560436},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4560-44-3},
Doi = {10.1007/978-981-4560-44-3},
Key = {fds239881}
}
@book{fds239929,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Smith, FH},
Title = {The Human Lineage},
Pages = {624 pages},
Publisher = {John Wiley & Sons},
Year = {2011},
Month = {September},
ISBN = {9781118211458},
Abstract = {This textbook, aimed at advanced undergraduates and
postgraduates in paleoanthropology courses, tackles a rather
difficult task—that of presenting the substantial body of
paleontological, genetic, geological and archaeological
evidence ...},
Key = {fds239929}
}
@article{fds239966,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Brown, K},
Title = {Being human means that "being human" means whatever we say
it means},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {144},
Pages = {106-106},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000288034000130&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds239966}
}
@article{fds239935,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Turtles all the way down: the Atlas of Creation},
Journal = {Reports of the National Center for Science
Education},
Volume = {31},
Number = {2},
Pages = {1-10},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds239935}
}
@misc{fds239986,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {The human (R)evolution(s)},
Journal = {Evolutionary Anthropology},
Volume = {19},
Number = {3},
Pages = {89-91},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2010},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1060-1538},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000280079700005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.20260},
Key = {fds239986}
}
@misc{fds239990,
Author = {Lemelin, P and Cartmill, M},
Title = {The effect of substrate size on the locomotion and gait
patterns of the kinkajou (Potos flavus).},
Journal = {Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics
and physiology},
Volume = {313},
Number = {3},
Pages = {157-168},
Year = {2010},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1932-5223},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000276444400005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Diagonal-sequence (DS) gaits, which are very rare among
mammals, are common and well documented in primates and some
arboreal marsupials. DS walking gaits have been reported in
the kinkajou (Potos flavus), which shows ecological
similarities with primates and arboreal opossums but lacks
prehensile specializations of the hindfoot. Nevertheless,
the actual frequency of DS gaits and the functional context
in which these gaits occur in this highly arboreal mammal
remain unknown. We examined the effect of substrate size on
the locomotion and gait patterns of kinkajous by recording
gaits in two individuals walking and running on poles of two
different diameters and on a runway. Diagonality and limb
duty factors were calculated for 534 gait cycles. Kinkajous
relied mostly on DS gaits and trots during walking, and
increased the diagonality of their gait patterns on thinner
substrates. The proposed functional link between locomotion
on thin branches and the presence of a grasping,
primate-like hindfoot is not supported by these data.
However, further analysis of kinkajou gait cycles showed
that DS gaits may have advantages overlooked earlier. DS
gaits, during walking, minimize the distance between two
ipsilateral feet during short periods of unilateral
bipedality, and per corollary maximize the distance between
two contralateral feet during the much longer periods of
diagonal bipedality. Such foot positioning during the gait
cycle could be beneficial in walking on a relatively thin
substrate and could explain why kinkajous adopt DS walking
gaits, especially on thinner poles, despite lacking
prehensile specializations of the hindfoot.},
Doi = {10.1002/jez.591},
Key = {fds239990}
}
@misc{fds239941,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Primate Classification and Diversity},
Pages = {10-30},
Booktitle = {Primate Neuroethology},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Year = {2010},
Month = {February},
ISBN = {9780195326598},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326598.003.0002},
Abstract = {This chapter discusses current understanding of primate
phylogeny. It argues that a cladistic approach based on
genetics, supplemented by morphological and behavioral data,
offers unique promise for organizing relationships among
living primates, as well as their pattern of descent from a
common ancestor. Understanding evolutionary relationships
within the Order Primates is a key starting point for the
comparative study of primate behavior and
neurobiology.},
Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326598.003.0002},
Key = {fds239941}
}
@article{fds239861,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {So long, science (Review of Why I Am Not a Scientist:
Anthropology and Modern Knowledge by Jonathan
Marks)},
Journal = {Evolutionary Anthropology},
Volume = {19},
Pages = {271-272},
Publisher = {Wiley: 12 months},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {1520-6505},
Key = {fds239861}
}
@misc{fds239928,
Author = {Brook, K and Cartmill, M},
Title = {75 years of the annual meetings of the American Association
of Physical Anthropologists, 1930-2004},
Pages = {221-232},
Booktitle = {Histories of American Physical Anthropology in the Twentieth
Century},
Publisher = {Lexington Books},
Editor = {Little, MA and Kennedy, KAR},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds239928}
}
@book{fds239933,
Author = {CARTMILL, M and Cartmill, M},
Title = {A View to a Death in the Morning hunting and nature through
history},
Pages = {347 pages},
Publisher = {Harvard University Press},
Year = {2009},
Month = {June},
ISBN = {9780674029255},
Key = {fds239933}
}
@misc{fds239911,
Author = {Brown, K and Cartmill, M},
Title = {Foreword},
Volume = {9781400827268},
Pages = {xv-xvi},
Booktitle = {The Scientific Bases of Human Anatomy by C.O.
Oxnard},
Publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {0691114536},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400827268.xv},
Doi = {10.1515/9781400827268.xv},
Key = {fds239911}
}
@article{fds239960,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Schmitt, D and Lemelin, P and Cartmill, EA and Atkinson,
CD},
Title = {Gait patterns in primates and marsupials: similarities and
differences.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {77-77},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000253342000090&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds239960}
}
@misc{fds239991,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Book reviews: Bigfoot Exposed: An Anthropologist Examines
America's Enduring Legend. Book reviews: Sasquatch: Legend
Meets Science},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {135},
Number = {1},
Pages = {117-118},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000251825300013&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20691},
Key = {fds239991}
}
@article{fds239862,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Review of Bigfoot Exposed: An Anthopologist Examines
America’s Enduring Legend by David J. Daegling and
Sasquatch: Legend Meets Science by Jeff Meldrum},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {135},
Pages = {117-118},
Publisher = {Wiley: 12 months},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {1096-8644},
Key = {fds239862}
}
@misc{fds239944,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Lemelin, P and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Primate gaits and primate origins},
Pages = {403-435},
Publisher = {Springer US},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-33507-0_12},
Doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-33507-0_12},
Key = {fds239944}
}
@misc{fds239998,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Lemelin, P and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Understanding the adaptive value of diagonal-sequence gaits
in primates: a comment on Shapiro and Raichlen,
2005.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {133},
Number = {2},
Pages = {822-825},
Year = {2007},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17427929},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20589},
Key = {fds239998}
}
@misc{fds239999,
Author = {Schmitt, D and Cartmill, M and Griffin, TM and Hanna, JB and Lemelin,
P},
Title = {Adaptive value of ambling gaits in primates and other
mammals.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Volume = {209},
Number = {Pt 11},
Pages = {2042-2049},
Year = {2006},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0022-0949},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16709907},
Abstract = {At speeds between the walk and the gallop, most mammals
trot. Primates almost never trot, and it has been claimed
that they transition directly from a walk to a gallop
without any distinctive mid-speed running gait. If true,
this would be another characteristic difference between the
locomotion of primates and that of most other quadrupedal
mammals. Presently, however, few data exist concerning the
actual presence or absence of intermediate-speed gaits (i.e.
gaits that are used between a walk and a gallop) in
primates. Video records of running in twelve primate species
reveal that, unlike most other mammals, all the primates
studied almost exclusively adopt an 'amble'--an
intermediate-speed running gait with no whole-body aerial
phase--rather than trot. Ambling is also common in elephants
and some horses, raising the question of why ambling is
preferred over trotting in these diverse groups of animals.
Mathematical analyses presented here show that ambling
ensures continuous contact of the body with the substrate
while dramatically reducing vertical oscillations of the
center of mass. This may explain why ambling appears to be
preferable to trotting for extremely large terrestrial
mammals such as elephants and for arboreal mammals like
primates that move on unstable branches. These findings
allow us to better understand the mechanics of these unusual
running gaits and shed new light on primate locomotor
evolution.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.02235},
Key = {fds239999}
}
@misc{fds239967,
Author = {Schmitt, D and Cartmill, M and Griffin, T and Hanna, J and Lemelin,
P},
Title = {Ambling: An unusual intermediate speed gait in primates and
other mammals},
Journal = {COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR &
INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY},
Volume = {143},
Number = {4},
Pages = {S90-S90},
Publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC},
Year = {2006},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1095-6433},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000202991700157&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds239967}
}
@misc{fds239961,
Author = {Brown, K and Cartmill, M},
Title = {Darwin, Darwinism, and the speciation process.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {69-69},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000235661100058&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds239961}
}
@misc{fds239982,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Holliday, T},
Title = {Species taxa, characters, and symplesiomorphies.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {74-74},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000235661100077&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds239982}
}
@misc{fds239882,
Author = {Brown, K and Cartmill, M},
Title = {Series introduction},
Pages = {xiii-xiv},
Booktitle = {Fundamentals of Forensic Anthropology by L.
Klepinger},
Publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds239882}
}
@misc{fds239922,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Is there a biological basis for morality?},
Pages = {3-16},
Booktitle = {The Nature of Difference: Science, Society, and Human
Biology},
Publisher = {Taylor & Francis},
Editor = {Ellison, GTH and Goodman, A},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds239922}
}
@misc{fds239923,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Lemelin, P and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Primate gaits and primate origins},
Pages = {403-436},
Booktitle = {Primate Origins: Adaptations and Evolution},
Publisher = {Springer},
Editor = {Ravosa, M. J. and Dagosto},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds239923}
}
@misc{fds239969,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Darwin and design: Does evolution have a
purpose?},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {128},
Number = {2},
Pages = {490-492},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2005},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000232239800028&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20142},
Key = {fds239969}
}
@misc{fds239962,
Author = {Brown, K and Cartmill, M},
Title = {75 years of the annual AAPA meetings, 1930-2004.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {79-80},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000227214900071&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds239962}
}
@misc{fds239996,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Cartmill, EA and Schmitt, D and Lemelin,
P},
Title = {Walking backwards: testing the association between centers
of mass and footfall patterns.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {84-85},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000227214900091&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds239996}
}
@book{fds31333,
Author = {Cartmill, M. and F. H. Smith},
Title = {The Human Lineage},
Publisher = {Wiley, New York},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds31333}
}
@article{fds239863,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Review of Icons of Evolution — Science or Myth? by
Jonathan Wells},
Journal = {Reports of the National Center for Science
Education},
Volume = {25},
Number = {Sept - Dec},
Pages = {47-50},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds239863}
}
@article{fds239864,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Review of Catastrophes and Other Calamities by Tony
Hallam},
Journal = {TLS - The Times Literary Supplement},
Number = {September 9},
Pages = {26-26},
Year = {2005},
ISSN = {0307-661X},
Key = {fds239864}
}
@article{fds239865,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Review of Darwin and Design by Michael Ruse},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {128},
Pages = {490-492},
Publisher = {Wiley: 12 months},
Year = {2005},
ISSN = {1096-8644},
Key = {fds239865}
}
@misc{fds239956,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Catastrophes and lesser calamities - The causes of mass
extinctions},
Journal = {TLS-THE TIMES LITERARY SUPPLEMENT},
Number = {5345},
Pages = {26-26},
Year = {2005},
ISSN = {0307-661X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000231896200039&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds239956}
}
@misc{fds239976,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Schmitt, D and Lemelin, P},
Title = {Duty factors and lateral-sequence gaits in primates and
chameleons},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Series = {supplement 38},
Pages = {73-73},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000207846400091&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds239976}
}
@misc{fds239924,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Charles Oxnard: an appreciation},
Pages = {1-7},
Booktitle = {Shaping Primate Evolution},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Anapol, F and German, R and Jablonski, N},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds239924}
}
@misc{fds240037,
Author = {Lemelin, P and Schmitt, D and Cartmill, M},
Title = {Footfall patterns and interlimb co-ordination in opossums
(Family Didelphidae): Evidence for the evolution of
diagonal-sequence walking gaits in primates},
Journal = {Journal of Zoology},
Volume = {260},
Number = {4},
Pages = {423-429},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2003},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0952836903003856},
Abstract = {Most primates typically use a diagonal-sequence footfall
pattern during walking. This footfall pattern, which is
unusual for mammals, is believed to have originated in
ancestral primates in association with the use of grasping
extremities for movement and foraging on thin, flexible
branches. This theory was tested by comparing gait
parameters between the grey short-tailed opossum Monodelphis
domestica and the woolly opossum Caluromys philander, two
didelphid marsupials that are strongly differentiated in
grasping morphology of the extremities and in their reliance
on foraging strategies involving thin branches. One hundred
and thirty gait cycles were analysed quantitatively from
videotapes of subjects moving quadrupedally on a runway and
on poles of different diameters (7 and 28 mm). Duty factor
(i.e. duration of the stance phase as a percentage of the
stride period) for the forelimb and hindlimb, as well as
diagonality (i.e. phase relationship between the forelimb
and hindlimb cycles), were calculated for each of these
symmetrical gait cycles. We found that the highly
terrestrial Monodelphis, like most other non-primate
mammals, relies primarily on lateral-sequence walking gaits
on both runway and poles, and has relatively higher forelimb
duty factors. Like primates, the highly arboreal Caluromys
uses primarily diagonal-sequence walking gaits on the runway
and pole, with relatively higher hindlimb duty factors and
diagonality. The fact that the woolly opossum, a marsupial
with primate-like feet that moves and forages mainly on thin
branches, uses primarily diagonal-sequence gaits when
walking supports the view that primate gaits evolved to meet
the demands of locomotion on narrow supports. This also
demonstrates the functional role of a grasping foot, in
association with relatively higher hindlimb duty factors,
protraction, and substrate reaction forces, in the
production of such walking gaits.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0952836903003856},
Key = {fds240037}
}
@misc{fds240039,
Author = {Jungers, WL and Pokempner, AA and Kay, RF and Cartmill,
M},
Title = {Hypoglossal canal size in living hominoids and the evolution
of human speech.},
Journal = {Human biology},
Volume = {75},
Number = {4},
Pages = {473-484},
Year = {2003},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hub.2003.0057},
Abstract = {The relative size of the hypoglossal canal has been proposed
as a useful diagnostic tool for the identification of
human-like speech capabilities in the hominid fossil record.
Relatively large hypoglossal canals (standardized to oral
cavity size) were observed in humans and assumed to
correspond to relatively large hypoglossal nerves, the
cranial nerve that controls motor function of the tongue. It
was suggested that the human pattern of tongue motor
innervation and associated speech potential are very
different from those of African apes and australopithecines;
the modern human condition apparently appeared by the time
of Middle Pleistocene Homo. A broader interspecific analysis
of hypoglossal canal size in primates conducted in 1999 has
rejected this diagnostic and inferences based upon it. In an
attempt to resolve these differences of opinion, which we
believe are based in part on biased size-adjustments and/or
unwarranted assumptions, a new data set was collected and
analyzed from 298 extant hominoid skulls, including
orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, siamang,
gibbons, and modern humans. Data on the absolute size of the
hypoglossal nerve itself were also gathered from a small
sample of humans and chimpanzee cadavers. A scale-free index
of relative hypoglossal canal size (RHCS) was computed as
100 x (hypoglossal canal area(0.5)/oral cavity
volume(0.333)). No significant sexual dimorphism in RHCS was
discovered in any species of living hominoid, but there are
significant interspecific differences in both absolute and
relative sizes of the hypoglossal canal. In absolute terms,
humans possess significantly larger canals than any other
species except gorillas, but there is considerable overlap
with chimpanzees. Humans are also characterized by large
values of RHCS, but gibbons possess an even larger average
mean for this index; siamang and bonobos overlap appreciably
with humans in RHCS. The value of RHCS in Australopithecus
afarensis is well within both human and gibbon ranges, as
are the indices computed for selected representatives of
fossil Homo. Furthermore, the size of the hypoglossal nerve
itself, expressed as the mass of nerve per millimeter of
length, does not distinguish chimpanzees from modern humans.
We conclude, therefore, that the relative size of the
hypoglossal canal is neither a reliable nor sufficient
predictor of human-like speech capabilities, and
paleoanthropology still lacks a quantifiable, morphological
diagnostic for when this capability finally emerged in the
human career.},
Doi = {10.1353/hub.2003.0057},
Key = {fds240039}
}
@article{fds240038,
Author = {Kirk, EC and Cartmill, M and Kay, RF and Lemelin,
P},
Title = {Comment on "Grasping primate origins".},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {300},
Number = {5620},
Pages = {741},
Year = {2003},
Month = {May},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12730582},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1082060},
Key = {fds240038}
}
@misc{fds239974,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Locomotor modes of primates at moderate speeds. II. Analysis
of support patterns.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Series = {supplement 36},
Pages = {75-76},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000181670000081&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds239974}
}
@misc{fds240036,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Brown, K},
Title = {Surveying the race concept: A reply to Lieberman, Kirk, and
Littlefield},
Journal = {American Anthropologist},
Volume = {105},
Number = {1},
Pages = {114-115},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-7294},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000181435800011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Leonard Lieberman, Rod Kirk, and Alice Littlefield report a
significant decrease over the past 20 years in the
percentage of physical anthropologists who support the race
concept, while Matt Cartmill concludes that use of this
concept did not decline during that period among
anthropologists who study modern human variation. Neither
study contradicts the other, since the two used different
definitions and sampled different populations. More
extensive sampling of the literature and more reliable
survey techniques are needed to resolve the
issue.},
Doi = {10.1525/aa.2003.105.1.114},
Key = {fds240036}
}
@article{fds239844,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Mystery of the missing animals (Review of Life on a Young
Planet by Andrew H. Knoll)},
Journal = {TLS - The Times Literary Supplement},
Volume = {5232},
Number = {july 11},
Pages = {12-12},
Publisher = {Times Literary Supplement (London) 5232 (July 11):
12},
Year = {2003},
ISSN = {0307-661X},
Key = {fds239844}
}
@article{fds239845,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Men behaving childishly (Review of The Eternal Child by
Clive Bromhall)},
Journal = {TLS - The Times Literary Supplement},
Volume = {5223},
Number = {May 8},
Pages = {28-28},
Publisher = {Times Literary Supplement (London) 5223 (May 8):
28},
Year = {2003},
ISSN = {0307-661X},
Key = {fds239845}
}
@misc{fds239940,
Author = {Kirk, EC and Cartmill, M and Kay, RF and Lemelin,
P},
Title = {Primate origins and carpolestid relationships: not nailed
yet. Comment on Block and Boyer},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {300},
Pages = {471},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds239940}
}
@misc{fds240035,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Historical Explanation and the Concept of Progress in
Primatology},
Journal = {Evolutionary Anthropology},
Volume = {11},
Number = {SUPPL. 1},
Pages = {12-15},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2002},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1060-1538},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000180282500004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {To commemorate the centenary of the Anthropologisches
Institut in Zürich, I want to discuss an important
midcentury change in the way we think about human and
primate evolution, and about evolution in general. This
change seems like an appropriate topic, because some major
figures in the Institute's history helped to bring it about.
I can sum It up simply by saying that it involved the death
of the idea of progress.},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.10043},
Key = {fds240035}
}
@misc{fds240034,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Lemelin, P and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Support polygons and symmetrical gaits in
mammals},
Journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society},
Volume = {136},
Number = {3},
Pages = {401-420},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2002},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00038.x},
Abstract = {The symmetrical gaits of quadrupedal mammals are often
described in terms of two variables: duty factor (S = the
stance period of one foot, as a percentage of the gait
cycle) and diagonality (D = the percentage of the cycle
period by which the left hind footfall precedes the left
fore footfall). We show that support polygons are optimized
during walking (i.e. the percentage of the locomotor cycle
spent standing on only two feet is minimized) for: (1) the
diagonal-sequence, diagonal-couplets walks characteristic of
primates (50 < D < 75) when D = [hindlimb S]; (2)
lateral-sequence, lateral-couplets walks (0 < D < 25) when D
= [hindlimb S] - 50; (3) lateral-sequence, diagonal-couplets
walks (25 < D < 50) when D = 100 - [forelimb S]. To
determine whether animal behaviour is optimal in this sense,
we examined 346 symmetrical gait cycles in 45 mammal
species. Our empirical data show that mammalian locomotor
behaviour approximates the theoretical optima. We suggest
that diagonal-sequence walking may be adopted by primates as
a means of ensuring that a grasping hindfoot is placed in a
protracted position on a tested support at the moment when
the contralateral forefoot strikes down on an untested
support. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London.},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00038.x},
Key = {fds240034}
}
@misc{fds239963,
Author = {Lemelin, P and Schmitt, D and Cartmill, M},
Title = {The origins of diagonal-sequence walking gaits in primates:
an experimental test involving two didelphid
marsupials.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Series = {supplement 34},
Pages = {101-101},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000174609700278&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds239963}
}
@misc{fds239988,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Lemelin, P and Schmitt, D},
Title = {A new theory concerning the adaptive value and evolution of
diagonal-sequence gaits in primates and marsupials},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Series = {supplement 34},
Pages = {52-52},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000174609700074&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds239988}
}
@misc{fds240033,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Paleoanthropology: Science or mythological
charter?},
Journal = {Journal of Anthropological Research},
Volume = {58},
Number = {2},
Pages = {183-201},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0091-7710},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000176392200001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Causal explanations involve both narrative and laws. To
explain some event as the effect of other events, we must at
least demonstrate (1) that the cause and effect both took
place, with the cause preceding the effect, and (2) that the
effect belongs to a class of events that can be reliably
expected to follow from a class of events to which the cause
belongs. Demonstration (1) is a narrative; demonstration (2)
is a law. Narrative and "contingency" are not satisfactory
substitutes for laws in explaining evolutionary events. If
any evolutionary events are explicable, there must be
evolutionary laws, and the course of evolution must
therefore be to some extent predictable. However, many
evolutionary events will probably always elude causal
explanation. In particular, as Hume pointed out,
qualitatively unique events cannot be explained causally. If
human beings possess qualitatively unique traits, their
causes must remain a subject for speculation. The only
evolutionary events we can explain, in our own lineage or
any other, are those that conform to recurring
regularities.},
Doi = {10.1086/jar.58.2.3631035},
Key = {fds240033}
}
@misc{fds239994,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Lemelin, P and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Predicting mammalian walking gaits from optimized support
polygons.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Series = {supplement 32},
Pages = {48-48},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000167358000074&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds239994}
}
@misc{fds31571,
Author = {Brown, K. and M. Cartmill},
Title = {Series introduction. In: B. Bogin, The Growth of
Humanity},
Pages = {xiii-xiv},
Publisher = {John Wiley and Sons, New York},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds31571}
}
@article{fds239936,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Replies to correspondents},
Journal = {Phi Beta Kappa Key Reporter},
Volume = {66},
Series = {Phi Beta Kappa Key Reporter},
Number = {2},
Pages = {11-11},
Year = {2001},
Month = {Winter},
Key = {fds239936}
}
@misc{fds239883,
Author = {Brown, K and Cartmill, M},
Title = {Series introduction},
Pages = {xiii-xiv},
Booktitle = {The Growth of Humanity by B. Bogin},
Publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds239883}
}
@misc{fds239925,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {The probability of human origins},
Pages = {73-97},
Booktitle = {When Worlds Converge: What Science and Religion Tell Us
about the Story of the Universe and Our Place in
It},
Publisher = {Open Court},
Editor = {Matthews, CN and Tucker, ME and Hefner, P},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds239925}
}
@misc{fds239926,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Taxonomic revolutions and the animal-human
boundary},
Pages = {97-106},
Booktitle = {Studying Human Origins: Disciplinary History and
Epistemology},
Publisher = {Amsterdam University Press},
Editor = {Corbey, R and Roebroeks, W},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds239926}
}
@misc{fds239978,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Lofstrom, I},
Title = {Introduction to the Symposium: Animal Consciousness:
Historical, Theoretical, and Empirical Perspectives1},
Journal = {American Zoologist},
Volume = {40},
Number = {6},
Pages = {833-834},
Publisher = {Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology},
Year = {2000},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0003-1569},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000168132000001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1668/0003-1569(2000)040[0833:ittsac]2.0.co;2},
Key = {fds239978}
}
@misc{fds239997,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {A view on the science: physical anthropology at the
millennium.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {113},
Number = {2},
Pages = {145-149},
Year = {2000},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11002201},
Abstract = {The year 2000 marks the onset of the 21st century. In this
transitional year, prominent physical anthropologists will
provide brief reflections on our discipline, including what
attracted them to it, and their views on the directions our
discipline may pursue as we enter, in January 2001, the
third millennium.},
Doi = {10.1002/1096-8644(200010)113:2<145::aid-ajpa1>3.0.co;2-p},
Key = {fds239997}
}
@article{fds240009,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Understanding the evil that men do},
Journal = {Chronicle of Higher Education},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {B4-B6},
Year = {2000},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds240009}
}
@misc{fds239979,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Symposium introduction. Charles Oxnard: an
appreciation.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Series = {supplement 30},
Pages = {120-121},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000085458900084&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds239979}
}
@misc{fds240032,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Animal consciousness: Some philosophical, methodological,
and evolutionary problems},
Journal = {American Zoologist},
Volume = {40},
Number = {6},
Pages = {835-846},
Publisher = {Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-1569},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000168132000002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {SYNOPSIS. No consensus exists concerning the mechanisms,
distribution, or adaptive significance of consciousness.
Agreement on any one of these issues would aid in resolving
others. Given a reliable behavioral or neuroanatomical test
for consciousness, we could map its distribution and
describe its evolution. Conversely, if we knew its
distribution, we could assess its adaptive value and look
for similarly distributed neuroanatomies to help us get at
its mechanisms. Morgan's Canon - the rule that we should
avoid attributing humanlike mental states to other animals
whenever possible - impedes the use of the comparative
method in unraveling this knot. If interpreted in this
context as a parsimony criterion, Morgan's Canon is
logically equivalent to epiphenomenalism. It is parsimonious
if and only if conscious mental events play no causal role
in human behavior and human consciousness has no adaptive
significance. Rejecting this conclusion entails rejecting
the parsimony interpretation of Morgan's
Canon.},
Doi = {10.1093/icb/40.6.835},
Key = {fds240032}
}
@article{fds239937,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {The ascent of words},
Journal = {Pomona College Magazine},
Series = {Pomona College Magazine},
Number = {Summer},
Pages = {14-18},
Year = {2000},
Month = {Summer},
Key = {fds239937}
}
@article{fds303328,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Lofstrom, I},
Title = {Introduction to the symposium "Animal Consciousness:
Historical, Theoretical, and Empirical Perspectives"},
Journal = {American Zoologist},
Volume = {40},
Pages = {833-834},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds303328}
}
@article{fds303329,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {A view on the science: physical anthropology at the
millennium},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {113},
Pages = {145-149},
Publisher = {Wiley: 12 months},
Year = {2000},
ISSN = {1096-8644},
Key = {fds303329}
}
@article{fds239846,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Review of Mystery of Mysteries: Is Evolution a Social
Construction? by Michael Ruse},
Journal = {Reports of the National Center for Science
Education},
Volume = {19},
Number = {5},
Pages = {43-44},
Publisher = {Reports of the National Center for Science Education 19 (5):
43-44},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds239846}
}
@misc{fds239983,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Axial rotation in the lumbar vertebral column of
Australopithecus africanus.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Series = {supplement 28},
Pages = {102-103},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000079607500062&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds239983}
}
@misc{fds239985,
Author = {Lemelin, P and Schmitt, D and Cartmill, M},
Title = {Gait patterns and interlimb coordination in woolly opossums:
how did ancestral primates move?},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Series = {supplement 28},
Pages = {181-182},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000079607500282&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds239985}
}
@misc{fds240031,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Revolution, evolution, and Kuhn: A response to Chamberlain
and Hartwig},
Journal = {Evolutionary Anthropology},
Volume = {8},
Number = {2},
Pages = {45-47},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1060-1538},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000081576100003&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(1999)8:2<45::AID-EVAN3>3.0.CO;2-F},
Key = {fds240031}
}
@article{fds240008,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Language and human evolution},
Journal = {AnthroQuest},
Volume = {8},
Pages = {1-4},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds240008}
}
@article{fds239847,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Review of Anthropomorphism, Anecdotes, and Animals edited by
Robert W. Mitchell, Nicholas S. Thompson, and H. Lyn
Miles},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {20},
Pages = {1037-1040},
Publisher = {Springer Verlag (Germany)},
Year = {1999},
ISSN = {1573-8604},
Key = {fds239847}
}
@article{fds240007,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Polly want a big hypoglossal nerve? (Reply to R. A.
Koster)},
Journal = {Discover},
Pages = {16},
Year = {1998},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds240007}
}
@article{fds240006,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {The gift of gab},
Journal = {Discover},
Pages = {56-64},
Year = {1998},
Month = {November},
Key = {fds240006}
}
@misc{fds240029,
Author = {Kay, RF and Cartmill, M and Balow, M},
Title = {The hypoglossal canal and the origin of human vocal
behavior.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {95},
Number = {9},
Pages = {5417-5419},
Year = {1998},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9560291},
Abstract = {The mammalian hypoglossal canal transmits the nerve that
supplies the muscles of the tongue. This canal is absolutely
and relatively larger in modern humans than it is in the
African apes (Pan and Gorilla). We hypothesize that the
human tongue is supplied more richly with motor nerves than
are those of living apes and propose that canal size in
fossil hominids may provide an indication about the motor
coordination of the tongue and reflect the evolution of
speech and language. Canals of gracile Australopithecus, and
possibly Homo habilis, fall within the range of extant Pan
and are significantly smaller than those of modern Homo. The
canals of Neanderthals and an early "modern" Homo sapiens
(Skhul 5), as well as of African and European middle
Pleistocene Homo (Kabwe and Swanscombe), fall within the
range of extant Homo and are significantly larger than those
of Pan troglodytes. These anatomical findings suggest that
the vocal capabilities of Neanderthals were the same as
those of humans today. Furthermore, the vocal abilities of
Australopithecus were not advanced significantly over those
of chimpanzees whereas those of Homo may have been
essentially modern by at least 400,000 years ago. Thus,
human vocal abilities may have appeared much earlier in time
than the first archaeological evidence for symbolic
behavior.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.95.9.5417},
Key = {fds240029}
}
@article{fds240004,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Animal minds, animal dreams},
Journal = {NATURAL HISTORY},
Volume = {107},
Number = {2},
Pages = {16-20},
Publisher = {AMER MUSEUM NAT HISTORY},
Year = {1998},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0028-0712},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000072154000007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240004}
}
@article{fds240005,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Oppressed by evolution},
Journal = {Discover},
Pages = {78-83},
Year = {1998},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds240005}
}
@misc{fds240030,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {The status of the race concept in physical
anthropology},
Journal = {American Anthropologist},
Volume = {100},
Number = {3},
Pages = {651-660},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-7294},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000078520000005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {There are hereditary differences among human beings. Some of
these differences have geographical correlates. Some genetic
variants that produce physical or behavioral deficits occur
significantly more often in some areas, or in some ethnic
groups, than in others. However, none of these facts
provides any intellectual support for the race concept, for
racial classifications, or for social hierarchies based on
ethnic-group membership. The geographical element of the
race concept is important in theory but is widely ignored in
practice since it does not conform well to the facts of
current human phenotype distribution. Much of the literature
on supposed racial differences involves such geographically
meaningless exercises as studying differences among "races"
by subdividing a sample of North Americans. If races are
defined as geographically delimited conspecific populations
characterized by distinctive regional phenotypes, then human
races do not exist now and have not existed for
centuries.},
Doi = {10.1525/aa.1998.100.3.651},
Key = {fds240030}
}
@article{fds31547,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Animal consciousness: some philosophical and evolutionary
perspectives},
Journal = {American Zoologist},
Volume = {38},
Number = {5},
Pages = {5A},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds31547}
}
@article{fds31548,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and M. Cartmill and M. Balow},
Title = {The hypoglossal canal and the origins of human vocal
behavior},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Series = {supplement 26},
Pages = {137},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds31548}
}
@misc{fds239927,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {History of ideas surrounding hunting},
Pages = {197-199},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Animal Rights and Animal
Welfare},
Publisher = {Greenwood Press},
Editor = {Bekoff, M and Meaney, C},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds239927}
}
@article{fds240003,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {The third man},
Journal = {Discover},
Pages = {56-62},
Year = {1997},
Month = {September},
Key = {fds240003}
}
@article{fds31549,
Author = {Cartmill, M. and D. Schmitt},
Title = {The effect of pelvic width on pelvic rotation during
bipedalism in modern and fossil hominids},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Series = {supplement 24},
Pages = {89},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds31549}
}
@article{fds239848,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Alternative divisions ([Review of The Platypus and the
Mermaid and Other Figments of the Classifying Imagination by
Harriet Ritvo)},
Journal = {Natural History},
Number = {October},
Pages = {12-13},
Publisher = {Natural History},
Year = {1997},
ISSN = {0028-0712},
Key = {fds239848}
}
@misc{fds239895,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Explaining primate origins},
Pages = {31-46},
Booktitle = {Research Frontiers in Anthropology},
Publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
Editor = {Ember, CR and Ember, M},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds239895}
}
@misc{fds239896,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Predation, feeding strategies, and primate
origins},
Pages = {192-193},
Booktitle = {Biological Anthropology: A Synthetic Approach to Human
Evolution},
Publisher = {Printice-Hall},
Editor = {Boaz, N and Almquist, AJ},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds239896}
}
@misc{fds239897,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Hunting hypothesis of human origins},
Pages = {508-512},
Booktitle = {History of Anthropology: An Encyclopedia},
Publisher = {Garland},
Editor = {Spencer, F},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds239897}
}
@misc{fds240028,
Author = {Yoder, AD and Cartmill, M and Ruvolo, M and Smith, K and Vilgalys,
R},
Title = {Ancient single origin for Malagasy primates.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {93},
Number = {10},
Pages = {5122-5126},
Year = {1996},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.10.5122},
Abstract = {We report new evidence that bears decisively on a
long-standing controversy in primate systematics. DNA
sequence data for the complete cytochrome b gene, combined
with an expanded morphological data set, confirm the results
of a previous study and again indicate that all extant
Malagasy lemurs originated from a single common ancestor.
These results, as well as those from other genetic studies,
call for a revision of primate classifications in which the
dwarf and mouse lemurs are placed within the Afro-Asian
lorisiforms. The phylogenetic results, in agreement with
paleocontinental data, indicate an African origin for the
common ancestor of lemurs and lorises (the Strepsirrhini).
The molecular data further suggest the surprising conclusion
that lemurs began evolving independently by the early Eocene
at the latest. This indicates that the Malagasy primate
lineage is more ancient than generally thought and places
the split between the two strepsirrhine lineages well before
the appearance of known Eocene fossil primates. We conclude
that primate origins were marked by rapid speciation and
diversification sometime before the late
Paleocene.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.93.10.5122},
Key = {fds240028}
}
@article{fds31550,
Author = {Cartmill, M. and D. Schmitt},
Title = {Pelvic rotation in human walking and running: implications
for early hominid bipedalism},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Series = {supplement 22},
Pages = {81},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds31550}
}
@article{fds239912,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Do Horses Gallop in Their Sleep? Consciousness, Evolution,
and the Problem of Animal Minds},
Series = {Sixty-Sixth James Arthur Lecture on the Evolution of the
Human Brain},
Pages = {24 pages},
Publisher = {American Museum of Natural History},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds239912}
}
@article{fds239914,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Obituary: Weston LaBarre, 1911-1996},
Journal = {Anthropology Newsletter},
Volume = {37},
Number = {5},
Pages = {51-51},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds239914}
}
@misc{fds239898,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Anatomy and pathology},
Pages = {1-64},
Booktitle = {USMLE Step 1 Review: The Study Guide},
Publisher = {Sage Publications},
Editor = {Goldberg, JS},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds239898}
}
@book{fds239930,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Das Bambi-Syndrom Jagdleidenschaft und Misanthropie in der
Kulturgeschichte},
Pages = {385 pages},
Publisher = {Rohwohlt},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9783499555664},
Key = {fds239930}
}
@misc{fds239951,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Aping language},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {373},
Number = {6511},
Pages = {206-206},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1995QC27800051&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1038/373206a0},
Key = {fds239951}
}
@book{fds31329,
Author = {Cartmill, M.},
Title = {. (Japanese translation, with new preface by the author, of
1993a) Hito wa naze korosu ka? ("Why Do People Kill? The
Hunting Hypothesis and Human Origins")},
Publisher = {Shinyoshya Publishers, Tokyo; 480 pp},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds31329}
}
@book{fds31331,
Author = {Cartmill, M.},
Title = {(Paperback reprint of 1993b) Das Bambi-Syndrom:
Jagdleidenschaft und Misanthropie in der Kulturgeschichte
("The Bambi Syndrome: Hunting Passion and Misanthropy in
Cultural History")},
Publisher = {Rohwohlt, Hamburg: 385 pp},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds31331}
}
@book{fds239931,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Hito wa naze korosu ka?},
Pages = {480 pages},
Publisher = {Shinyoshya Publishers},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds239931}
}
@article{fds239886,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Brown, K},
Title = {Report of the Editors},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {98},
Pages = {618-621},
Publisher = {Wiley: 12 months},
Year = {1995},
ISSN = {1096-8644},
Key = {fds239886}
}
@article{fds239849,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Significant others (Review of Jennie by Douglas Preston and
Kanzi: The Ape at the Brink of the Human Mind by Sue
Savage-Rumbaugh and Roger Lewin)},
Journal = {Natural History},
Number = {June},
Pages = {74-77},
Publisher = {Natural History},
Year = {1995},
ISSN = {0028-0712},
Key = {fds239849}
}
@article{fds303322,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Aping language (Review of Kanzi: The Ape at the Brink of the
Human Mind by Sue Savage-Rumbaugh and Roger
Lewin)},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {373},
Pages = {206-206},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds303322}
}
@misc{fds240027,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Hunting and humanity in Western thought},
Journal = {Social Research},
Volume = {62},
Pages = {773-786},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds240027}
}
@misc{fds239973,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Animal Rights: A Reply to Howard},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalogy},
Volume = {75},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1080-1082},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {1994},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0022-2372},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1994PU59900031&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.2307/1382492},
Key = {fds239973}
}
@misc{fds240025,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {A critique of homology as a morphological
concept.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {94},
Number = {1},
Pages = {115-123},
Year = {1994},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8042700},
Abstract = {Two sequences of nucleotides are homologous if they are
descended through a chain of replication from a common
precursor molecule. Since organs are not copies or
transcriptions of organs, the concept of morphological
homology has no such simple and unambiguous definition. The
theoretical vagueness of morphological homology is reflected
in its many and inconsistent criteria of identification.
Structures may be conventionally deemed homologous even
though they are radically dissimilar in form, relationships,
or function, or develop via dissimilar ontogenetic
processes, or originate from nonhomologous embryological
precursors. Hypothesis of homology are conventionally
rejected when they are contradicted by known patterns of
phylogenetic relationships, even if the structures in
question are minutely similar in their form, function, and
development. The dependence of interspecific homology on
phylogeny is often expressed by saying that two structures
are homologous if they are inherited from corresponding
structures in a common ancestor. However, this is a circular
definition (what counts as a "corresponding" structure is
itself a question of homology), and it falsely assumes that
structures can be inherited. At bottom, homology is an
essentialist concept; two things are homologous only if they
are in some essential sense the "same" thing and properly
called by the same word. The concept can be made
intelligible in an evolutionary context only by giving it a
cladistic interpretation that makes homology judgments
dependent on the outcome of a phylogenetic analysis. It
follows that such judgments cannot play a role in evaluating
conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330940109},
Key = {fds240025}
}
@misc{fds239965,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Questions of enslavement.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {263},
Number = {5144},
Pages = {252-253},
Year = {1994},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1994MQ87900041&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1126/science.263.5144.252-a},
Key = {fds239965}
}
@misc{fds239975,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Molecules and morphology in Primate Systematics: An
introduction},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {94},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-1},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1994},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1994NG90500001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330940102},
Key = {fds239975}
}
@misc{fds31239,
Author = {Cartmill, M.},
Title = {Animal rights: A reply to Howard},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalogy},
Volume = {75},
Pages = {1080-1082},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds31239}
}
@article{fds239887,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Brown, K},
Title = {Report of the Editors},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {95},
Pages = {461-463},
Publisher = {Wiley: 12 months},
Year = {1994},
ISSN = {1096-8644},
Key = {fds239887}
}
@article{fds303330,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Molecules and morphology in primate systematics: an
introduction},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {94},
Pages = {1-1},
Publisher = {Wiley: 12 months},
Year = {1994},
ISSN = {1096-8644},
Key = {fds303330}
}
@article{fds303323,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Questions of enslavement (Review of Visions of Caliban: On
Chimpanzees and People by Dale Peterson and Jane
Goodall)},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {263},
Pages = {252-253},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds303323}
}
@misc{fds240026,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Reinventing anthropology},
Journal = {Yearbook of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {37},
Pages = {1-9},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds240026}
}
@misc{fds239899,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Anatomy, antinomies, and the problem of anthropoid
origins},
Pages = {549-566},
Booktitle = {Anthropoid Origins},
Publisher = {Plenum},
Editor = {Fleagle, JF and Kay, RF},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds239899}
}
@article{fds240002,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Reply to Campbell},
Journal = {Natural History},
Pages = {3},
Year = {1993},
Month = {September},
Key = {fds240002}
}
@article{fds240001,
Author = {CARTMILL, M},
Title = {THE BAMBI SYNDROME},
Journal = {NATURAL HISTORY},
Volume = {102},
Number = {6},
Pages = {6-&},
Publisher = {AMER MUSEUM NAT HISTORY},
Year = {1993},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0028-0712},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1993LC83700003&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240001}
}
@book{fds31326,
Author = {Cartmill, M.},
Title = {A View to a Death in the Morning: Hunting and Nature Through
History},
Pages = {xiv, 331},
Publisher = {Harvard University Press},
Address = {Cambridge},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds31326}
}
@book{fds31328,
Author = {Cartmill, M.},
Title = {(German translation of 1993a) Tod im Morgengrauen: Das
Verhältnis des Menschen zu Natur und Jagd ("Death in the
Morning Twilight: The Relationship of Man to Nature and
Hunting")},
Publisher = {Artemis & Winkler, Zürich; 385 pp},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds31328}
}
@book{fds239932,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Tod im Morgengrauen das Verhältnis des Menschen zu Natur
und Jagd},
Pages = {385 pages},
Publisher = {Artemis & Winkler},
Year = {1993},
ISBN = {9783760810959},
Key = {fds239932}
}
@article{fds239889,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Brown, K},
Title = {Report of the Editors},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {92},
Pages = {558-559},
Publisher = {Wiley: 12 months},
Year = {1993},
ISSN = {1096-8644},
Key = {fds239889}
}
@article{fds239938,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Science and liberal education: A reply to Barbara Herrnstein
Smith},
Journal = {Duke Faculty Newsletter},
Series = {Duke Faculty Newsletter},
Number = {Februrary},
Pages = {1-3},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds239938}
}
@article{fds239852,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Review of Animal Research and Ethical Conflict by M.T.
Phillips and J.A. Sechzer},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {14},
Pages = {501-503},
Publisher = {Springer Verlag (Germany)},
Year = {1993},
ISSN = {1573-8604},
Key = {fds239852}
}
@article{fds31551,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Homology as a morphological concept},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Series = {supplement 14},
Pages = {57-58},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds31551}
}
@article{fds239890,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Report of the Editor},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {89},
Pages = {513-515},
Publisher = {Wiley: 12 months},
Year = {1992},
ISSN = {1096-8644},
Key = {fds239890}
}
@article{fds239915,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Obituary: John Buettner-Janusch, 1924-1992},
Journal = {Anthropology Newsletter},
Volume = {33},
Number = {9},
Pages = {4-4},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds239915}
}
@article{fds239853,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Dragons in Eden (Review of Scenes from Deep Time by M.J.S.
Rudwick and Dinotopia by J. Gurney)},
Journal = {Natural History},
Number = {December},
Pages = {14-18},
Publisher = {Natural History},
Year = {1992},
ISSN = {0028-0712},
Key = {fds239853}
}
@misc{fds240024,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {New views on primate origins},
Journal = {Evolutionary Anthropology},
Volume = {1},
Number = {3},
Pages = {105-111},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1992},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.1360010308},
Abstract = {Most primates live in trees, and many of them have
strikingly human‐like hands and faces. Scientists who
study primate evolution agree that these two facts must be
connected in some way. The details, however, are a matter of
debate. Early theories explained the human‐like
peculiarities of primates simply as arboreal adaptations.
More recent accounts have traced the origins of these
peculiarities to more specific ways of arboreal life,
involving leaping locomotion, shrub‐layer foraging,
visually guided predation on insects, or fruit‐eating.
Copyright © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc., A Wiley
Company},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.1360010308},
Key = {fds240024}
}
@misc{fds239900,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Non-human primates},
Pages = {24-32},
Booktitle = {The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Evolution},
Publisher = {Cambridge Uniovesity Press},
Editor = {Jones, S and Martin, RD and Pilbeam, DR and Burney,
S},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds239900}
}
@misc{fds239947,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Wonderful Life: The burgess shale and the nature of history.
By Stephen Jay Gould. New York: W.W. Norton. 1989. 347 pp.
$19.95 (cloth)},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {84},
Number = {3},
Pages = {368-371},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {1991},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1991EZ49400012&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330840314},
Key = {fds239947}
}
@article{fds31552,
Author = {Cartmill, M.},
Title = {Laws, stories, and primate origins},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Series = {supplement 12},
Pages = {57},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds31552}
}
@article{fds239891,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Report of the Editor},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {86},
Pages = {570-571},
Publisher = {Wiley: 12 months},
Year = {1991},
ISSN = {1096-8644},
Key = {fds239891}
}
@article{fds239939,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Science matters in the liberal arts},
Journal = {Duke Faculty Newsletter},
Series = {Duke Faculty Newsletter},
Number = {November},
Pages = {1-9},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds239939}
}
@article{fds239854,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Review of Created From Animals: The Moral Implications of
Darwinism by James Rachels},
Journal = {American scientist},
Volume = {79},
Pages = {184-184},
Publisher = {American Scientist},
Year = {1991},
ISSN = {0003-0996},
Key = {fds239854}
}
@article{fds239855,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Review of Wonderful Life by S.J. Gould},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {84},
Pages = {368-371},
Publisher = {Wiley: 12 months},
Year = {1991},
ISSN = {1096-8644},
Key = {fds239855}
}
@article{fds239856,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Getting at the heart of the wild things (Review of The
Nature Fakers: Wildlife, Science, and Sentiment by R.H.
Lutts)},
Journal = {Natural History},
Number = {February},
Pages = {64-67},
Publisher = {Natural History},
Year = {1991},
ISSN = {0028-0712},
Key = {fds239856}
}
@article{fds239857,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Review of Primate Visions by Donna Haraway},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {12},
Pages = {67-75},
Publisher = {Springer Verlag (Germany)},
Year = {1991},
ISSN = {1573-8604},
Key = {fds239857}
}
@misc{fds240023,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {The changing image of the hunt in Western
thought},
Journal = {Perspectives in Ethology},
Volume = {9},
Pages = {237-260},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds240023}
}
@misc{fds240022,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Human uniqueness and theoretical content in
paleoanthropology},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {11},
Number = {3},
Pages = {173-192},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1990},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1990DY20900001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {One of the things that distinguishes science from
nonscientific discourse is the incorporation of its
hypotheses into theoretical structures. Like parapsychology,
the study of human evolution lacks theoretical content and
connections. This lack is due, in part, to the collapse of
the classical primatological synthesis in the 1970s. It is
due in larger measure to a persistent anthropological focus
on human uniqueness as the phenomenon to be explained. Such
supposedly unique human features as large brains, language,
conceptual thinking, and upright bipedalism are uniquely
human by definition rather than as a matter of empirical
fact. Much scientific effort and ingenuity has gone into
redefining such characteristics whenever discoveries about
other animals have posed a threat to human uniqueness. But
since by definition qualitatively unique phenomena do not
conform to overarching laws that apply to similar cases,
they must remain theoretically inexplicable.
Paleoanthropology should aim at increasing its theoretical
content by reducing the list of qualitative human
uniquenesses-and eliminating it altogether if possible. ©
1990 Plenum Publishing Corporation.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF02192868},
Key = {fds240022}
}
@article{fds239892,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Report of the Editor},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {83},
Pages = {511-512},
Publisher = {Wiley: 12 months},
Year = {1990},
ISSN = {1096-8644},
Key = {fds239892}
}
@misc{fds239977,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Ecce homo: An annotated bibliographic history of physical
anthropology},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {18},
Number = {3},
Pages = {289-291},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1989},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1989AB57800011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1016/0047-2484(89)90057-2},
Key = {fds239977}
}
@misc{fds239981,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Misdeeds in anthropology: bones, bodies,
behavior.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {244},
Number = {4906},
Pages = {858-859},
Year = {1989},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1989U639600064&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1126/science.244.4906.858},
Key = {fds239981}
}
@article{fds31553,
Author = {MacPhee, R.D.E. and J.R. Wible and M. Cartmill},
Title = {Basicranial morphology as a guide to the interrelationships
of archontan mammals},
Journal = {Annales de la Societé Royale Zoologique de
Belgique},
Volume = {119},
Pages = {48},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds31553}
}
@article{fds239866,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Review of Ecce Homo by F. Spencer},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {18},
Pages = {289-291},
Publisher = {Elsevier},
Year = {1989},
ISSN = {1095-8606},
Key = {fds239866}
}
@article{fds303324,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Misdeeds in anthropology (Review of Bones, Bodies, Behavior:
Essays on Biological Anthropology edited by G.W. Stocking,
Jr.)},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {244},
Pages = {858-859},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds303324}
}
@misc{fds240021,
Author = {MacPhee, RDE and Cartmill, M and Rose, KD},
Title = {Craniodental morphology and relationships of the supposed
Eocene dermopteran Plagiomene (Mammalia)},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {9},
Number = {3},
Pages = {329-349},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {1989},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1989.10011766},
Abstract = {Members of the early Cenozoic family Plagiomenidae possess
highly derived cheekteeth that phenetically resemble those
of extant colugos (Galeopithecidae, Dermoptera), although
the two groups notably differ in details of cusp morphology
and in the form of the anterior teeth. Whether these dental
resemblances should be considered as evidence of close,
shared ancestry or merely as a set of interesting
convergences is difficult to evaluate, in part because
heretofore no other portions of the plagiomenid skeleton
have been available for testing phylogenetic hypotheses. In
this report we analyze the basicranial morphology of a skull
referable to the nominotypical genus Plagiomene from the
early Eocene Willwood Formation of the Bighorn Basin,
Wyoming. Plagiomene exhibits one of the most highly derived
basicranial regions found in Eutheria. No known mammal
shares the combination of derived traits exhibited by
Plagiomene, although there are points of resemblance to
Talpidae, Macroscelidea, and (to a lesser extent) Primates.
Surprisingly, there are no recognizable nonprimitive
resemblances to the extant colugo Cynocephalus. Unless the
traits in question are counted as synapomorphies of a highly
implausible plagiomenid-talpid-macroscelidean-primate clade,
some of these special resemblances must be due to
convergence. Perhaps all of them are; for except in isolated
features that also appear to be convergent resemblances, the
teeth of moles, elephant shrews, and primates are quite
unlike those of plagiomenids. By contrast, galeopithecids
are dentally more similar to Plagiomene but lack all of its
basicranial apomorphies. Tendentious selection of dental
traits over basicranial ones is in our view indefensible,
and we prefer to situate Plagiomenidae incertae sedis within
Eutheria. © 1989 by the Society of Vertebrate
Paleontology.},
Doi = {10.1080/02724634.1989.10011766},
Key = {fds240021}
}
@misc{fds240020,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Why I became a scientist},
Journal = {American Scientist},
Volume = {76},
Pages = {452},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds240020}
}
@misc{fds239949,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Size and Scaling in Primate Biology. William L.
Jungers, ed},
Journal = {American Anthropologist},
Volume = {89},
Number = {1},
Pages = {220-221},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {1987},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-7294},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1987G597300088&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1525/aa.1987.89.1.02a00850},
Key = {fds239949}
}
@book{fds239934,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Hylander, WL and Shafland, J},
Title = {Human Structure},
Pages = {448 pages},
Publisher = {Harvard University Press},
Year = {1987},
ISBN = {9780674418059},
Abstract = {Human Structure is an innovative introduction to human gross
anatomy with a twofold approach: to view the basics of
anatomy from a broad scientific perspective and to explain
the facts of form and function in terms and concepts that
minimize ...},
Key = {fds239934}
}
@article{fds303325,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Review of Size and Scaling in Primate Biology edited by W.L.
Jungers},
Journal = {American Anthropologist},
Volume = {89},
Pages = {220-221},
Publisher = {American Anthropological Association},
Year = {1987},
ISSN = {1548-1433},
Key = {fds303325}
}
@misc{fds304451,
Author = {CARTMILL, M and PILBEAM, D and ISAAC, G},
Title = {100 YEARS OF PALEOANTHROPOLOGY},
Journal = {AMERICAN SCIENTIST},
Volume = {74},
Number = {4},
Pages = {410-420},
Publisher = {SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC},
Year = {1986},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0003-0996},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1986D115500010&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds304451}
}
@misc{fds239959,
Author = {CARTMILL, M and WIBLE, JR},
Title = {TARSIER AFFINITIES - THE OTIC EVIDENCE REEXAMINED},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {69},
Number = {2},
Pages = {186-186},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1986},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1986A131700046&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds239959}
}
@article{fds239868,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Animal rights and wrongs (Review of The Case for Animal
Experimentation by M.A. Fox)},
Journal = {Natural History},
Number = {July},
Pages = {66-69},
Publisher = {Natural History},
Year = {1986},
ISSN = {0028-0712},
Key = {fds239868}
}
@article{fds239869,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Review of The Taming of Evolution by D.J.
Greenwood},
Journal = {American scientist},
Volume = {74},
Number = {100},
Pages = {100-100},
Publisher = {American Scientist},
Year = {1986},
ISSN = {0003-0996},
Key = {fds239869}
}
@misc{fds240018,
Author = {Cartmill, and M, and Pilbeam, D and Isaac, GL},
Title = {One hundred years of paleoanthropology},
Journal = {American Scientist},
Volume = {74},
Number = {4},
Pages = {410-420},
Year = {1986},
ISSN = {0003-0996},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1986D115500010&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Covers: the Darwinian background; early consensus on human
ancestry; the rise and fall of Ramapithecus; Dart's ape
(Australopithecus africanus); the australopithecines become
human; the human genus; retrospect and prospect.-from
Authors},
Key = {fds240018}
}
@misc{fds240019,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Reply to E.P. Banks},
Journal = {American Scientist},
Volume = {74},
Pages = {576},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds240019}
}
@misc{fds239901,
Author = {MacPhee, RDE and Cartmill, M},
Title = {Basicranial structures and primate systematics},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {219-275},
Booktitle = {Comparative Primate Biology},
Publisher = {Alan R. Liss},
Editor = {D.R. Swindler},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds239901}
}
@misc{fds239971,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Brooks, JL},
Title = {Just Before the Origin: Alfred Russel Wallace's Theory of
Evolution.},
Journal = {Man},
Volume = {20},
Number = {3},
Pages = {549-549},
Publisher = {JSTOR},
Year = {1985},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0025-1496},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1985ARM8900013&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.2307/2802448},
Key = {fds239971}
}
@misc{fds239993,
Author = {POORMAN, PA and CARTMILL, M and MACPHEE, RDE and MOSES,
MJ},
Title = {THE G-BANDED KARYOTYPE OF TARSIUS-BANCANUS AND ITS
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRIMATE PHYLOGENY},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {66},
Number = {2},
Pages = {215-215},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1985},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1985ADY1200242&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds239993}
}
@article{fds303326,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Review of Just Before the Origin: Alfred Russel Wallace's
Theory of Evolution by J.L. Brooks},
Journal = {Man},
Volume = {20},
Pages = {549-550},
Year = {1985},
ISSN = {0025-1496},
Key = {fds303326}
}
@misc{fds239902,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Climbing},
Pages = {73-88},
Booktitle = {Functional Vertebrate Morphology},
Publisher = {harvard University Press},
Editor = {Hildebrand, M and Bramble, D and Liem, K and Wake,
D},
Year = {1985},
Key = {fds239902}
}
@misc{fds240017,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Innate grammars and the evolutionary presumption},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
Volume = {7},
Number = {2},
Pages = {191},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {1984},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0140-525X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1984SX97600004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1017/S0140525X00044162},
Key = {fds240017}
}
@misc{fds239954,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {BIOLOGY, CULTURE, AND PUNCTUATIONISM},
Journal = {Evolution},
Volume = {37},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1095-1096},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {1983},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0014-3820},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1983RH72300021&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1558-5646.1983.tb05638.x},
Key = {fds239954}
}
@misc{fds240015,
Author = {MacPhee, RD and Cartmill, M and Gingerich, PD},
Title = {New Palaeogene primate basicrania and the definition of the
order Primates.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {301},
Number = {5900},
Pages = {509-511},
Year = {1983},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1983QB44900049&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {The anatomy of the posterior basicranium has been repeatedly
invoked in systematic definitions of Primates. One widely
cited definition of the order claims that 'all undoubted
primates' are distinguished from other mammals by two
basicranial specializations: (1) absence of a major vascular
foramen on the medial side of the auditory region, and (2)
development of the auditory bulla from the petrosal bone. As
we show here, specialization (1) does not apply to the
paromomyid Ignacius, and is of uncertain incidence in other
unquestioned members of suborder Plesiadapiformes (archaic
primates from the early Cenozoic of Europe and North
America). Specialization (2) cannot be demonstrated without
ontogenetic evidence, and all relevant plesiadapiform
fossils are adult. In fact, the only plesiadapiform with an
arterial pattern remotely resembling that of early primates
of modern aspect (or 'euprimates') is the microsyopid
Cynodontomys, but it is often regarded as non-primate
because it lacks a petrosal bulla. Although plesiadapiforms
resemble euprimates in traits of the cheek teeth and
postcranium, some other (presumably non-primate) groups
possess these traits as well. Since the order Primates is
not clearly definable by unique specializations, the best
grounds for regarding plesiadapiforms as euprimate
antecedents are stratigraphic and phenetic. This fact may be
best expressed by systematic arrangements that emphasize
adaptive grades rather than unsubstantiated
clades.},
Doi = {10.1038/301509a0},
Key = {fds240015}
}
@misc{fds304452,
Author = {CARTMILL, M},
Title = {4 LEGS GOOD, 2 LEGS BAD - MANS PLACE (IF ANY) IN
NATURE},
Journal = {NATURAL HISTORY},
Volume = {92},
Number = {11},
Pages = {64-&},
Publisher = {AMER MUSEUM NAT HISTORY},
Year = {1983},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0028-0712},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1983RM06300008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds304452}
}
@article{fds240016,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Four legs good, two legs bad: Man's place (if any) in
nature},
Journal = {Natural History},
Volume = {92},
Number = {11},
Pages = {64-79},
Year = {1983},
ISSN = {0028-0712},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1983RM06300008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240016}
}
@article{fds303327,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Biology, culture and punctuationism (Review of The Myths of
Human Evolution by N. Eldredge and I. Tattersall)},
Journal = {Evolution},
Volume = {37},
Pages = {1095-1096},
Publisher = {Wiley: 12 months},
Year = {1983},
ISSN = {0014-3820},
Key = {fds303327}
}
@misc{fds304453,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {T-lymphocyte immunology and hominoid evolution.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {218},
Number = {4577},
Pages = {1145},
Year = {1982},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1982PS36600036&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1126/science.6983135},
Key = {fds304453}
}
@misc{fds239955,
Author = {MACPHEE, RDE and CARTMILL, M and GINGERICH, PD},
Title = {ARCHAIC PRIMATE BASICRANIA - NEW FACTS AND
INTERPRETATIONS},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {57},
Number = {2},
Pages = {207-208},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1982},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1982NG37000124&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds239955}
}
@article{fds31556,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and M. Cartmill and R.D.E. MacPhee},
Title = {Habitus and heritage in archaic primates
(Plesiadapiformes)},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {302},
Year = {1982},
Key = {fds31556}
}
@article{fds239893,
Author = {Day, MH and Cartmill, M and Staddon, N and Bosler,
W},
Title = {W.C. Osman Hill: selected publications (l926-l974)},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {121-129},
Publisher = {Springer Verlag (Germany)},
Editor = {Day, M.H. and M. Cartmill and N. Staddon and W.
Bosler},
Year = {1982},
ISSN = {1573-8604},
Key = {fds239893}
}
@article{fds239872,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Island primates (Review of The Primates of Madagascar by I.
Tattersall)},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {217},
Pages = {1132-1133},
Year = {1982},
Key = {fds239872}
}
@article{fds239873,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {An ill-timed modesty (Review of Evolution: Genesis and
Revelations by C. Leon Harris)},
Journal = {Natural History},
Volume = {91},
Number = {6},
Pages = {60-63},
Publisher = {Natural History},
Year = {1982},
ISSN = {0028-0712},
Key = {fds239873}
}
@misc{fds240013,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Assessing tarsier affinities: is anatomical description
phylogenetically neutral?},
Journal = {Geobios, mémoire special},
Volume = {6},
Pages = {279-287},
Year = {1982},
Key = {fds240013}
}
@misc{fds239903,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Basic primatology and prosimian evolution},
Pages = {147-186},
Booktitle = {A History of American Physical Anthropology},
Publisher = {Academic Press},
Editor = {Spencer, F},
Year = {1982},
Key = {fds239903}
}
@misc{fds239992,
Author = {WALKER, A and PILBEAM, D and CARTMILL, M},
Title = {CHANGING VIEWS AND INTERPRETATIONS OF PRIMATE
EVOLUTION},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {54},
Number = {2},
Pages = {287-287},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1981},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1981LG31200277&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds239992}
}
@misc{fds239995,
Author = {MACPHEE, RDE and CARTMILL, M},
Title = {FURTHER EVIDENCE FOR A TARSIER-ANTHROPOID CLADE WITHIN
HAPLORHINI},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {54},
Number = {2},
Pages = {248-248},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1981},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1981LG31200158&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds239995}
}
@misc{fds240011,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Hypothesis testing and phylogenetic reconstruction},
Journal = {Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary
Research},
Volume = {19},
Number = {2},
Pages = {73-96},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1981},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0044-3808},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1981LY81500001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0469.1981.tb00234.x},
Key = {fds240011}
}
@misc{fds240012,
Author = {Cartmill, M and MacPhee, RDE and Simons, EL},
Title = {Anatomy of the temporal bone in early anthropoids, with
remarks on the problem of anthropoid origins},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {56},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-21},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1981},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1981MJ90700001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {New and previously undescribed specimens of the petrous,
squamous, and tympanic parts of the temporal bones of
anthropoid primates from the Oligocene of Egypt display a
general morphological resemblance to the equivalent parts of
Recent ceboid skulls. Like that of ceboids, the ectotympanic
bone of Fayum anthropoids is a simple anulus, fused to the
squamosal at both its extremities. The petrosal's bullar
contribution appears to bear transverse septa running
laterally from promontory to ectotympanic; similar septa are
seen in callitrichids and some prosimians. The definitive
stylomastoid foramen is in a position characteristic for
ceboids but not found among adult catarrhines. As far as can
currently be determined, pneumatization of the petrous and
squamous temporal is specifically anthropoid‐like in
pattern and extent, but exhibits no special resemblances to
that found in any particular anthropoid taxon. On the other
hand, Fayum anthropoids appear to resemble other catarrhines
and to differ from most extant ceboids in lacking a vascular
canal leading from the subarcuate fossa to the sigmoid
venous sinus. Vascular impressions on a squamosal fragment
tentatively assigned to Aegyptopithecus zeuxis show that the
petrosquamous and cranio‐orbital venous sinuses were
persistently large, as in prosimians. A squamosal fragment
previously attributed to Apidium phiomense, and adduced as
evidence for a lemuriform ancestry of Anthropoidea, is
probably that of a hyaenodontid creodont. It is certainly
not that of a primate. The ceboid like morphology of the
early catarrhine ear region is probably primitive for
anthropoids, and in any case it does not argue for an Old
World origin of ceboids–but it emphatically suggests that
Anthropoidea is a strictly monophyletic taxon. Copyright ©
1981 Wiley‐Liss, Inc., A Wiley Company},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330560102},
Key = {fds240012}
}
@article{fds239874,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Striger, striger, burning dim (Review of After Man: A
Zoology of the Future by D. Dixon)},
Journal = {Natural History},
Number = {December},
Pages = {82-89},
Publisher = {Natural History},
Year = {1981},
ISSN = {0028-0712},
Key = {fds239874}
}
@article{fds239875,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Review of The Evolutionary Synthesis: Perspectives on the
Unification of Biology, edited by E. Mayr and W.B.
Provine},
Journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
Volume = {305},
Pages = {350-351},
Publisher = {Massachusetts Medical Society},
Year = {1981},
ISSN = {1533-4406},
Key = {fds239875}
}
@article{fds239876,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Lucy in the sand with footnotes (Review of Lucy: The
Beginnings of Humankind by D.C. Johanson and M.A.
Edey)},
Journal = {Natural History},
Number = {April},
Pages = {90-95},
Publisher = {Natural History},
Year = {1981},
ISSN = {0028-0712},
Key = {fds239876}
}
@article{fds239877,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Review of Environment, Behavior, and Morphology: Dynamic
Interactions in Primates, edited by M.E. Morbeck, H.
Preuschoft, and N. Gomberg},
Journal = {Human Biology},
Volume = {53},
Pages = {154-157},
Publisher = {Wayne State University Press},
Year = {1981},
ISSN = {1534-6617},
Key = {fds239877}
}
@misc{fds239989,
Author = {CARTMILL, M},
Title = {TARSIER RELATIONSHIPS - IS AN ALGORITHM FOR PHYLOGENY
RECONSTRUCTION ATTAINABLE},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {52},
Number = {2},
Pages = {212-213},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1980},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1980JN51700053&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds239989}
}
@article{fds31561,
Author = {MacPhee, R.D.E. and M. Cartmill},
Title = {Cranial morphology, character analysis, and affinities of
tree shrews (Mammalia: Scandentia)},
Journal = {Canadian Review of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {82-83},
Year = {1980},
Key = {fds31561}
}
@article{fds239894,
Author = {Doyle, GA and Cartmill, M},
Title = {Introductory statement},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {1-2},
Publisher = {Springer Verlag (Germany)},
Year = {1980},
ISSN = {1573-8604},
Key = {fds239894}
}
@article{fds239878,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {The order Primates (Review of Evolutionary History of the
Primates, by F.S. Szalay and E. Delson)},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {208},
Pages = {720-721},
Year = {1980},
Key = {fds239878}
}
@misc{fds239980,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {John Jones's pregnancy: some comments on the
statistical-relevance model of scientific
explanation},
Journal = {American Anthropologist},
Volume = {82},
Number = {2},
Pages = {382-385},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1980},
ISSN = {0002-7294},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1980JW23100015&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1525/aa.1980.82.2.02a00120},
Key = {fds239980}
}
@misc{fds239904,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Morphology, function and evolution of the anthropoid
postorbital septum},
Pages = {243-274},
Booktitle = {Evolutionary Biology of the New World Monkeys and
Continental Drift},
Publisher = {Plenum},
Editor = {Chiarelli, AB and Ciochon, RL},
Year = {1980},
Key = {fds239904}
}
@misc{fds239905,
Author = {Cartmill, M and MacPhee, RDE},
Title = {Tupaiid affinities: the evidence of the carotid arteries and
cranial skeleton},
Pages = {95-132},
Booktitle = {Comparative Biology and Evolutionary Relationships of Tree
Shrews},
Publisher = {Plenum},
Editor = {Luckett, WP},
Year = {1980},
Key = {fds239905}
}
@misc{fds240010,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {The volar skin of primates: its frictional characteristics
and their functional significance.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {50},
Number = {4},
Pages = {497-509},
Year = {1979},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1979GQ84900001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Friction of volar skin on wood is not proportional to load
in human beings and prosimians, but to load raised to a
fractional power. This meets theoretical expectations for
the frictional characteristics of convex elastic surfaces.
Although this enables small clawless primates to cling to
steeper slopes and larger vertical supports than would
otherwise be possible, the magnitude of the effect is not
great enough to overcome the disadvantages of clawlessness
in climbing vertical or steeply-sloping tree trunks and
branches. In human subjects, friction appears to be more
nearly proportional to load than in small prosimians used as
experimental subjects. It is suggested that this is due to
the fact that the small animals have discrete, elevated
volar pads. Pad coalescence in large primates may be an
adaptation for increasing the power to which load must be
raised to become proportional to friction; increasing this
exponent yields more friction per unit of adduction force on
supports that are small relative to the animals' dimensions
and weights.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330500402},
Key = {fds240010}
}
@misc{fds239972,
Author = {CARTMILL, M},
Title = {VOLAR SKIN FRICTION AND PAD PROTUBERANCE IN
PRIMATES},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {50},
Number = {3},
Pages = {426-426},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1979},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1979GM16600055&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds239972}
}
@article{fds240000,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Brown, K and Eaglen, R and Anderson,
DE},
Title = {Hand-rearing twin ruffed lemurs (Lemur variegatus) at the
Duke University Primate Center},
Journal = {International Zoo Yearbook},
Volume = {19},
Number = {1},
Pages = {258-261},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1979},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1979.tb00576.x},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1748-1090.1979.tb00576.x},
Key = {fds240000}
}
@misc{fds239948,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Gingerich, PD},
Title = {An ethmoid exposure (os planum) in the orbit of Indri indri
(Primates, Lemuriformes).},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {48},
Number = {4},
Pages = {535-538},
Year = {1978},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1978EX03200013&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {In 6 of 17 skulls of Indri indri retaining distinct sutures
in the medial orbital wall, a small separate bony element
intervenes between the frontal and the maxillolacrimal
suture. This element is demonstrably continuous with the
ethmoid on one such skull. The occurrence of an ethmoid
exposure in the orbit of Indri suggests that this trait is
not a simple function of orbital size and convergence. Since
such an exposure is found in non-cheirogaleine lemuriforms,
its distribution provides no support for the hyothesis that
lorises and galagos are derived from cheirogaleines.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330480414},
Key = {fds239948}
}
@misc{fds239953,
Author = {CARTMILL, M},
Title = {ORBITAL MOSAIC IN PROSIMIANS},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {48},
Number = {3},
Pages = {385-385},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1978},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1978EQ62800045&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds239953}
}
@misc{fds240040,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {The orbital mosaic in prosimians and the use of variable
traits in systematics.},
Journal = {Folia primatologica; international journal of
primatology},
Volume = {30},
Number = {2},
Pages = {89-114},
Year = {1978},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0015-5713},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1978FS73200001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Study of 579 skulls, representing all 33 extant prosimian
species and several anthropoids, shows that an orbital
exposure of the ethmoid occurs in most Malagasy genera. A
palatine-lacrimal contact is normal only in Lemur; the
zygomatic-lacrimal contact occurs in most lorisiform
species. Lepilemur shows possibly significant resemblances
to lorisiforms. The vomer appears in the orbit of some
ceboids. Cebids are distinguished by a canal running from
the orbital apex through the basicranium. It is argued that
skull shape and jaw musculature affect the size and shape of
certain orbital-mosaic components. Frequencies of traits,
rather than typologically 'normal' traits, may be taken as
synpomorphies linking different species cladistically.},
Doi = {10.1159/000155857},
Key = {fds240040}
}
@article{fds31563,
Author = {Cartmill, M.},
Title = {The orbital mosaic in prosimians},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {48},
Pages = {385},
Year = {1978},
Key = {fds31563}
}
@article{fds239879,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Recapitulationism: issues evolutionary and philosophical
(Review of Ontogeny and Phylogeny, by S.J.
Gould)},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {199},
Pages = {1194-1195},
Year = {1978},
Key = {fds239879}
}
@misc{fds239906,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Methods of phylogenetic inference},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {299-305},
Booktitle = {Recent Advances in Primatology},
Publisher = {Academic Press},
Editor = {Chivers, DJ and Joysey, KA},
Year = {1978},
Key = {fds239906}
}
@misc{fds239916,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Kay, RF},
Title = {Craniodental morphology, tarsier affinities, and primate
suborders},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {205-214},
Booktitle = {Recent Advances in Primatology: Evolution},
Publisher = {Academic Press},
Editor = {Chivers, DJ and Joysey, KA},
Year = {1978},
Key = {fds239916}
}
@misc{fds239917,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Phylogeny of Tarsius: Introduction},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {193-194},
Booktitle = {Recent Advances in Primatology},
Publisher = {Academic Press},
Editor = {Chivers, DJ and Joysey, KA},
Year = {1978},
Key = {fds239917}
}
@misc{fds239958,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Physical Anthropology: Monkeys Without Tails: The Story of
Man's Evolution. John Napier},
Journal = {American Anthropologist},
Volume = {79},
Number = {3},
Pages = {711-711},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {1977},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0002-7294},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1977DV20100112&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1525/aa.1977.79.3.02a00780},
Key = {fds239958}
}
@misc{fds240042,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Milton, K},
Title = {The lorisiform wrist joint and the evolution of
"brachiating" adaptations in the hominoidea.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {47},
Number = {2},
Pages = {249-272},
Year = {1977},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1977DV83000005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {In lorisines (Loris, Nycticebus, Perodicticus, Arctocebus),
the tip of the ulna is reduced to the dimensions of a
styloid process, a new and more proximal ulnar head is
developed, and the pisiform is displaced distally away from
its primitive contact with the ulna. In some Nycticebus,
intra-articular tissues separate the ulna from the
triquetrum. These traits are not seen in other quadrupedal
primates, but they are characteristic of extant hominoids.
Among hominoids, these features have been interpreted as
adaptations to arm-swinging locomotion. Since hominoid-like
features of the wrist joint are found in lorisines, but not
in New World monkeys that practice arm-swinging locomotion,
these features may have been evolved in both lorisines and
large hominoids to enhance wrist mobility for cautious
arboreal locomotion involving little or no leaping. Most of
the other morphological traits characteristic of modern
hominoids can be explained as adaptations to cautious
quadrupedalism as well as to brachiation, and may have
developed for different reasons in different lineages
descended from an unspecialized cautious quadruped
resembling Alouatta.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330470206},
Key = {fds240042}
}
@misc{fds240043,
Author = {Kay, RF and Cartmill, M},
Title = {Cranial morphology and adaptations of Palaechthon nacimienti
and other paromomyidae (Plesiadapoidea, ? primates), with a
description of a new genus and species},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {6},
Number = {1},
Pages = {19-53},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1977},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2484(77)80040-7},
Abstract = {The Middle Paleocene paromomyid Palaechthon nacimienti has
the most primitive cranial anatomy known for any
plesiadapoid. In relative size and functional morphology,
its molars resemble those of primates and tree shrews known
to feed largely on insects. Its orbits were small, laterally
directed, and widely separated, and the relative size of its
infraorbital foramen shows that it had well-developed facial
vibrissae resembling those of extant erinaceids. Its
anterior dentition was probably also hedgehog-like. These
features suggest that it was a predominantly terrestrial
insect-eater, guided largely by tactile, auditory and
olfactory sensation in its pursuit of prey. Adaptations to
living in trees and feeding on plants probably developed in
parallel in more than one lineage descended from the
ancestral plesiadapoids. A new genus and species of
paromomyid, Talpohenach torrejonius, is erected for material
originally identified as Palaechthon. © 1977 Academic Press
Inc. (London) Ltd. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0047-2484(77)80040-7},
Key = {fds240043}
}
@article{fds303331,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Review of Monkeys Without Tails by John Napier},
Journal = {American Anthropologist},
Volume = {79},
Pages = {711-711},
Publisher = {American Anthropological Association},
Year = {1977},
ISSN = {1548-1433},
Key = {fds303331}
}
@misc{fds240044,
Author = {CARTMILL, M},
Title = {WELSH VOWEL MUTATION - SURFACE PHONOLOGY AND UNDERLYING
FORMS},
Journal = {LINGUISTIC INQUIRY},
Volume = {7},
Number = {4},
Pages = {675-677},
Publisher = {M I T PRESS},
Year = {1976},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0024-3892},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1976CP43500012&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240044}
}
@misc{fds239968,
Author = {KAY, RF and CARTMILL, M},
Title = {SKULL OF PALAECHTHON AND COMMENTS ON ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS
OF PLESIADAPOIDEA},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {42},
Number = {2},
Pages = {311-311},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1975},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1975V884600119&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds239968}
}
@misc{fds240046,
Author = {CARTMILL, M},
Title = {Extinction of Lineages: Irrelevance of Ecological
Hypotheses},
Journal = {American Anthropologist},
Volume = {77},
Number = {3},
Pages = {610-611},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1975},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-7294},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1975AR32200012&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1525/aa.1975.77.3.02a00140},
Key = {fds240046}
}
@misc{fds240047,
Author = {CARTMILL, M},
Title = {PRIMATE EVOLUTION - ANALYSIS OF TRENDS -
REPLY},
Journal = {SCIENCE},
Volume = {189},
Number = {4198},
Pages = {229-230},
Publisher = {AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE},
Year = {1975},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1975AH34300024&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240047}
}
@misc{fds240048,
Author = {CARTMILL, M},
Title = {PRIMATE EVOLUTION - WERE TRAITS SELECTED FOR ARBOREAL
LOCOMOTION OR VISUALLY DIRECTED PREDATION},
Journal = {SCIENCE},
Volume = {187},
Number = {4175},
Pages = {456-456},
Publisher = {AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE},
Year = {1975},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1975V392100038&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240048}
}
@article{fds31564,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and M. Cartmill},
Title = {The skull of Palaechthon and comments on ecological
adaptations of the Plesiadapoidea},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {42},
Pages = {310-311},
Year = {1975},
Key = {fds31564}
}
@article{fds239913,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Primate Origins},
Pages = {40 pages},
Publisher = {Burgess Publishing Co.},
Year = {1975},
Key = {fds239913}
}
@article{fds239908,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Mammals in motion (Review of How Mammals Run, by P.P.
Gambaryan)},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {188},
Pages = {844-845},
Year = {1975},
Key = {fds239908}
}
@misc{fds240045,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {On racism and terminology},
Journal = {Current Anthropology},
Volume = {16},
Number = {4},
Pages = {670},
Publisher = {UNIV CHICAGO PRESS},
Year = {1975},
ISSN = {0011-3204},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1975AY49800039&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240045}
}
@misc{fds304454,
Author = {CARTMILL, M},
Title = {RACISM AND TERMINOLOGY},
Journal = {CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {16},
Number = {4},
Pages = {670-670},
Year = {1975},
ISSN = {0011-3204},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1975AY49800039&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds304454}
}
@misc{fds239918,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Strepsirhine basicranial structures and the affinities of
the Cheirogaleidae},
Pages = {313-354},
Booktitle = {Phylogeny of the Primates},
Publisher = {Plenum},
Editor = {Luckett, WP and Szalay, FS},
Year = {1975},
Key = {fds239918}
}
@misc{fds240050,
Author = {Kay, RF and Cartmill, M},
Title = {Skull of Palaechthon nacimienti},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {252},
Number = {5478},
Pages = {37-38},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1974},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/252037a0},
Abstract = {SPECIES in or near the ancestry of living primates first
appear in the late Cretaceous and early Palaeocene of North
America. Subsequent adaptive radiation of the
Purgatorius-like ancestral stock produced the plesiadapoid
families (Plesiadapidae, Carpolestidae, Paromomyidae) of the
middle and late Palaeocene. Specialised members of all three
families survived into the early Eocene, the paromomyid
genus Phenacolemur persisting into the late Eocene. Most of
the plesiadapoid species are known only from incomplete
dentitions. In 1948, a crushed but nearly complete skull of
a paromomyid was recovered from strata of middle Palaeocene
age in the Kutz Canyon area of the San Juan Basin, New
Mexico. The specimen has been described by Wilson and
Szalay1, who assign it to a new species (P. nacimienti) of
the genus Palaechthon, known also from the mid-Palaeocene of
Montana and Wyoming. The loss of the upper and lower first
premolars excludes P. nacimienti from the ancestry of some
of the Eocene prosimian lineages. Nevertheless, its
persistently primitive molar morphology suggests that it may
more closely resemble the last common ancestor of the
plesiadapoids and the Eocene primates of modern aspect than
do other plesiadapoids for which cranial remains are known.
Skulls or partial skulls are known for dentally more
specialised genera of each plesiadapoid family: Plesiadapis
(Plesiadapidae), Carpolestes (Carpolestidae), and
Phenacolemur (Paromomyidae).) We present here a
reconstruction of the skull of P. nacimienti, together with
some preliminary functional interpretations of its cranial
and dental anatomy. © 1974 Nature Publishing
Group.},
Doi = {10.1038/252037a0},
Key = {fds240050}
}
@misc{fds31293,
Author = {Cartmill, M.},
Title = {Pads and claws in arboreal locomotion},
Pages = {45-83},
Booktitle = {Primate Locomotion},
Publisher = {Academic Press, New York},
Editor = {Jenkins, F.A., Jr.},
Year = {1974},
Key = {fds31293}
}
@article{fds31565,
Author = {Cartmill, M. and K. Milton},
Title = {The lorisiform wrist joint},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {41},
Pages = {471},
Year = {1974},
Key = {fds31565}
}
@article{fds239909,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Anatomy in action (Review of Biomechanics by C.
Gans)},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {186},
Pages = {526-527},
Year = {1974},
Key = {fds239909}
}
@misc{fds240049,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Hylander, WL},
Title = {On the production, marketing and utilization of the
Wenner-Gren casts},
Journal = {Yearbook of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {17},
Pages = {219-232},
Year = {1974},
Key = {fds240049}
}
@misc{fds240051,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Rethinking primate origins},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {184},
Number = {4135},
Pages = {436-443},
Year = {1974},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.184.4135.436},
Doi = {10.1126/science.184.4135.436},
Key = {fds240051}
}
@misc{fds239919,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Daubentonia, Dactylopsila, woodpeckers, and
klinorhynchy},
Pages = {655-670},
Booktitle = {Prosimian Biology},
Publisher = {Duckworth},
Editor = {Martin, RD and Doyle, GA and Walker, AC},
Year = {1974},
Key = {fds239919}
}
@misc{fds239920,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Pads and claws in arboreal locomotion},
Pages = {45-83},
Booktitle = {Primate Locomotion},
Publisher = {Academic Press},
Year = {1974},
ISBN = {9780123840509},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384050-9.50007-6},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-384050-9.50007-6},
Key = {fds239920}
}
@article{fds31566,
Author = {Cartmill, M.},
Title = {Daubentonia, woodpeckers, and klinorhynchy},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {37},
Pages = {432},
Year = {1972},
Key = {fds31566}
}
@article{fds239910,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Background for Man},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {37},
Pages = {314-315},
Publisher = {Wiley: 12 months},
Editor = {Dolhinow, P and Sarich, VM},
Year = {1972},
ISSN = {1096-8644},
Key = {fds239910}
}
@misc{fds239921,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Arboreal adaptations and the origin of the order
Primates},
Pages = {97-122},
Booktitle = {The Functional and Evolutionary Biology of
Primates},
Publisher = {Aldine-Atherton},
Editor = {Tuttle, RH},
Year = {1972},
Key = {fds239921}
}
@misc{fds240052,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {Ethmoid component in the orbit of primates},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {232},
Number = {5312},
Pages = {566-567},
Year = {1971},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/232566b0},
Doi = {10.1038/232566b0},
Key = {fds240052}
}
@article{fds31567,
Author = {Cartmill, M.},
Title = {Morphology and orientation of the orbit in arboreal
mammals},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {29},
Pages = {131-132},
Year = {1968},
Key = {fds31567}
}
@misc{fds240053,
Author = {Cartmill, M},
Title = {The early Pleistocene mammalian microfaunas of sub-Saharan
Africa and their ecological significance},
Journal = {Quaternaria},
Volume = {9},
Pages = {169-198},
Year = {1967},
Key = {fds240053}
}
@article{fds31568,
Author = {Cartmill, M. and R.H. Tuttle},
Title = {Mammalian social patterns in a savannah environment},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {25},
Pages = {202},
Year = {1966},
Key = {fds31568}
}
%% Churchill, Steven E.
@article{fds372439,
Author = {Bolter, DR and Cameron, N and Hawks, J and Churchill, SE and Berger, L and Bernstein, R and Boughner, JC and Elton, S and Leece, AB and Mahoney, P and Molopyane, K and Monson, TA and Pruetz, J and Schell, L and Stull, KE and Wolfe, CA},
Title = {Addressing the growing fossil record of subadult hominins by
reaching across disciplines.},
Journal = {Evolutionary anthropology},
Volume = {32},
Number = {4},
Pages = {180-184},
Year = {2023},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.21995},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.21995},
Key = {fds372439}
}
@article{fds369843,
Author = {Grady, JH and Churchill, SE},
Title = {Projectile point morphology and penetration
performance},
Journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports},
Volume = {48},
Year = {2023},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2023.103893},
Abstract = {Prehistoric pointed lithic armatures (used to tip spears,
darts, and arrows) vary considerably in mechanically-relevant
aspects of their morphology, such as tip cross-sectional
shape, cross-sectional perimeter, and cross-sectional area,
mechanical advantage, and edge sharpness. The effect of
variation in these parameters on penetration performance and
lethality, however, is poorly understood. Six 3D-printed
points that varied in cross-sectional shape, tip
cross-sectional area, tip cross-sectional perimeter,
mechanical advantage, and edge sharpness were fired into
ballistic gelatin under controlled conditions to evaluate
the importance of these variables on point performance. Tip
cross-sectional perimeter was found to have the greatest
effect on penetration depth in the gelatin, and mechanical
advantage was also significantly related to penetration.
Cross-sectional shape and tip cross-sectional area were not
significantly related to penetration depth, while edge
sharpness inversely affected penetration. These results
highlight the importance of tip cross-sectional perimeter in
the evolution of projectile point design (and reinforce its
utility as an indicator of long-range projectile weaponry in
the archeological record), but also underscore the multiple
constraints that interact when trying to design points to
maximize penetration performance, lethality, and
durability.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jasrep.2023.103893},
Key = {fds369843}
}
@article{fds375393,
Author = {Guevara, E and Gopalan, S and Massey, DJ and Adegboyega, M and Zhou, W and Solis, A and Anaya, AD and Churchill, SE and Feldblum, J and Lawler,
RR},
Title = {Getting it right: Teaching undergraduate biology to
undermine racial essentialism.},
Journal = {Biology methods & protocols},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Pages = {bpad032},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomethods/bpad032},
Abstract = {How we teach human genetics matters for social equity. The
biology curriculum appears to be a crucial locus of
intervention for either reinforcing or undermining students'
racial essentialist views. The Mendelian genetic models
dominating textbooks, particularly in combination with
racially inflected language sometimes used when teaching
about monogenic disorders, can increase middle and high
school students' racial essentialism and opposition to
policies to increase equity. These findings are of
particular concern given the increasing spread of racist
misinformation online and the misappropriation of human
genomics research by white supremacists, who take advantage
of low levels of genetics literacy in the general public.
Encouragingly, however, teaching updated information about
the geographical distribution of human genetic variation and
the complex, multifactorial basis of most human traits,
reduces students' endorsement of racial essentialism. The
genetics curriculum is therefore a key tool in combating
misinformation and scientific racism. Here, we describe a
framework and example teaching materials for teaching
students key concepts in genetics, human evolutionary
history, and human phenotypic variation at the undergraduate
level. This framework can be flexibly applied in biology and
anthropology classes and adjusted based on time
availability. Our goal is to provide undergraduate-level
instructors with varying levels of expertise with a set of
evidence-informed tools for teaching human genetics to
combat scientific racism, including an evolving set of
instructional resources, as well as learning goals and
pedagogical approaches. Resources can be found at
https://noto.li/YIlhZ5. Additionally, we hope to generate
conversation about integrating modern genetics into the
undergraduate curriculum, in light of recent findings about
the risks and opportunities associated with teaching
genetics.},
Doi = {10.1093/biomethods/bpad032},
Key = {fds375393}
}
@article{fds365684,
Author = {Churchill, SE and Keys, K and Ross, AH},
Title = {Midfacial Morphology and Neandertal-Modern Human
Interbreeding.},
Journal = {Biology},
Volume = {11},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1163},
Year = {2022},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11081163},
Abstract = {Ancient DNA from, Neandertal and modern human fossils, and
comparative morphological analyses of them, reveal a complex
history of interbreeding between these lineages and the
introgression of Neandertal genes into modern human genomes.
Despite substantial increases in our knowledge of these
events, the timing and geographic location of hybridization
events remain unclear. Six measures of facial size and
shape, from regional samples of Neandertals and early modern
humans, were used in a multivariate exploratory analysis to
try to identify regions in which early modern human facial
morphology was more similar to that of Neandertals, which
might thus represent regions of greater introgression of
Neandertal genes. The results of canonical variates analysis
and hierarchical cluster analysis suggest important
affinities in facial morphology between both Middle and
Upper Paleolithic early modern humans of the Near East with
Neandertals, highlighting the importance of this region for
interbreeding between the two lineages.},
Doi = {10.3390/biology11081163},
Key = {fds365684}
}
@article{fds361904,
Author = {Williams, SA and Prang, TC and Meyer, MR and Nalley, TK and Van Der
Merwe and R and Yelverton, C and García-Martínez, D and Russo, GA and Ostrofsky, KR and Spear, J and Eyre, J and Grabowski, M and Nalla, S and Bastir, M and Schmid, P and Churchill, SE and Berger,
LR},
Title = {New fossils of Australopithecus sediba reveal a
nearly complete lower back.},
Journal = {eLife},
Volume = {10},
Pages = {e70447},
Year = {2021},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.70447},
Abstract = {Adaptations of the lower back to bipedalism are frequently
discussed but infrequently demonstrated in early fossil
hominins. Newly discovered lumbar vertebrae contribute to a
near-complete lower back of Malapa Hominin 2 (MH2), offering
additional insights into posture and locomotion in
<i>Australopithecus sediba</i>. We show that MH2 possessed a
lower back consistent with lumbar lordosis and other
adaptations to bipedalism, including an increase in the
width of intervertebral articular facets from the upper to
lower lumbar column ('pyramidal configuration'). These
results contrast with some recent work on lordosis in fossil
hominins, where MH2 was argued to demonstrate no appreciable
lordosis ('hypolordosis') similar to Neandertals. Our
three-dimensional geometric morphometric (3D GM) analyses
show that MH2's nearly complete middle lumbar vertebra is
human-like in overall shape but its vertebral body is
somewhat intermediate in shape between modern humans and
great apes. Additionally, it bears long, cranially and
ventrally oriented costal (transverse) processes, implying
powerful trunk musculature. We interpret this combination of
features to indicate that <i>A. sediba</i> used its lower
back in both bipedal and arboreal positional behaviors, as
previously suggested based on multiple lines of evidence
from other parts of the skeleton and reconstructed
paleobiology of <i>A. sediba</i>.},
Doi = {10.7554/elife.70447},
Key = {fds361904}
}
@article{fds353246,
Author = {Voisin, JL and Feuerriegel, EM and Churchill, SE and Berger,
LR},
Title = {The Homo naledi shoulder girdle: An adaptation to boulder
climbing},
Journal = {Anthropologie (France)},
Volume = {124},
Number = {5},
Year = {2020},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anthro.2020.102783},
Abstract = {Homo naledi, a recently discovered hominin species from the
Rising Star cave complex in Gauteng Province, South Africa,
is a surprising species in more ways than one. The
conditions of accumulation, as well as the location of these
remains in the cave are intriguing, as is their age of
approximately 300,000 years. Likewise, the number of remains
as well as their state of preservation are exceptional. But
the most astonishing discovery of all is represented by the
general morphology of this new species, with an upper body
adapted to climbing and the lower body presenting important
adaptations to bipedalism. The shoulder joint, in
conjunction with the overall morphology of the upper limb,
indicates the ability to move on vertical supports. These
characteristics have been interpreted as being the hallmark
of arboreal behavior; however, the tree cover in the region
300,000 years ago was very similar to that of today that is
to say, very sparse. Thus, we suggest that the morphology of
the pectoral girdle and upper limb in H. naledi represents
adaptations not to arboreal behavior, but to behavior
related to movement across and climbing on rocky
walls.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anthro.2020.102783},
Key = {fds353246}
}
@article{fds348868,
Author = {Yapuncich, GS and Bowie, A and Belais, R and Churchill, SE and Walker,
CS},
Title = {Predicting body mass of bonobos (Pan paniscus) with
human-based morphometric equations.},
Journal = {Am J Primatol},
Volume = {82},
Number = {2},
Pages = {e23088},
Year = {2020},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.23088},
Abstract = {A primate's body mass covaries with numerous ecological,
physiological, and behavioral characteristics. This
versatility and potential to provide insight into an
animal's life has made body mass prediction a frequent and
important objective in paleoanthropology. In hominin
paleontology, the most commonly employed body mass
prediction equations (BMPEs) are "mechanical" and
"morphometric": uni- or multivariate linear regressions
incorporating dimensions of load-bearing skeletal elements
and stature and living bi-iliac breadth as predictor
variables, respectively. The precision and accuracy of BMPEs
are contingent on multiple factors, however, one of the most
notable and pervasive potential sources of error is
extrapolation beyond the limits of the reference sample. In
this study, we use a test sample requiring extrapolation-56
bonobos (Pan paniscus) from the Lola ya Bonobo sanctuary in
Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo-to evaluate the
predictive accuracy of human-based morphometric BMPEs. We
first assess systemic differences in stature and bi-iliac
breadth between humans and bonobos. Due to significant
differences in the scaling relationships of body mass and
stature between bonobos and humans, we use panel regression
to generate a novel BMPE based on living bi-iliac breadth.
We then compare the predictive accuracy of two previously
published morphometric equations with the novel equation and
find that the novel equation predicts bonobo body mass most
accurately overall (41 of 56 bonobos predicted within 20% of
their observed body mass). The novel BMPE is particularly
accurate between 25 and 45 kg. Given differences in limb
proportions, pelvic morphology, and body tissue composition
between the human reference and bonobo test samples, we find
these results promising and evaluate the novel BMPE's
potential application to fossil hominins.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.23088},
Key = {fds348868}
}
@article{fds344592,
Author = {Walker, CS and Cofran, ZD and Grabowski, M and Marchi, D and Cook, RW and Churchill, SE and Tommy, KA and Throckmorton, Z and Ross, AH and Hawks,
J and Yapuncich, GS and Van Arsdale and AP and Rentzeperis, FI and Berger,
LR and DeSilva, JM},
Title = {Morphology of the Homo naledi femora from
Lesedi.},
Journal = {Am J Phys Anthropol},
Volume = {170},
Number = {1},
Pages = {5-23},
Year = {2019},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23877},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The femoral remains recovered from the Lesedi
Chamber are among the most complete South African fossil
hominin femora discovered to date and offer new and valuable
insights into the anatomy and variation of the bone in Homo
naledi. While the femur is one of the best represented
postcranial elements in the H. naledi assemblage from the
Dinaledi Chamber, the fragmentary and commingled nature of
the Dinaledi femoral remains has impeded the assessment of
this element in its complete state. MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Here we analyze and provide descriptions of three new
relatively well-preserved femoral specimens of H. naledi
from the Lesedi Chamber: U.W. 102a-001, U.W. 102a-003, and
U.W. 102a-004. These femora are quantitatively and
qualitatively compared to multiple extinct hominin femoral
specimens, extant hominid taxa, and, where possible, each
other. RESULTS: The Lesedi femora are morphologically
similar to the Dinaledi femora for all overlapping regions,
with differences limited to few traits of presently unknown
significance. The Lesedi distal femur and mid-diaphysis
preserve anatomy previously unidentified or unconfirmed in
the species, including an anteroposteriorly expanded
midshaft and anteriorly expanded patellar surface. The
hypothesis that the Lesedi femoral sample may represent two
individuals is supported. DISCUSSION: The Lesedi femora
increase the range of variation of femoral morphology in H.
naledi. Newly described features of the diaphysis and distal
femur are either taxonomically uninformative or Homo-like.
Overall, these three new femora are consistent with previous
functional interpretations of the H. naledi lower limb as
belonging to a species adapted for long distance walking
and, possibly, running.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23877},
Key = {fds344592}
}
@article{fds344739,
Author = {Friedl, L and Claxton, AG and Walker, CS and Churchill, SE and Holliday,
TW and Hawks, J and Berger, LR and DeSilva, JM and Marchi,
D},
Title = {Femoral neck and shaft structure in Homo naledi from the
Dinaledi Chamber (Rising Star System, South
Africa).},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {133},
Pages = {61-77},
Year = {2019},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.06.002},
Abstract = {The abundant femoral assemblage of Homo naledi found in the
Dinaledi Chamber provides a unique opportunity to test
hypotheses regarding the taxonomy, locomotion, and loading
patterns of this species. Here we describe neck and shaft
cross-sectional structure of all the femoral fossils
recovered in the Dinaledi Chamber and compare them to a
broad sample of fossil hominins, recent humans, and extant
apes. Cross-sectional geometric (CSG) properties from the
femoral neck (base of neck and midneck) and diaphysis
(subtrochanteric region and midshaft) were obtained through
CT scans for H. naledi and through CT scans or from the
literature for the comparative sample. The comparison of CSG
properties of H. naledi and the comparative samples shows
that H. naledi femoral neck is quite derived with low
superoinferior cortical thickness ratio and high relative
cortical area. The neck appears superoinferiorly elongated
because of two bony pilasters on its superior surface.
Homo naledi femoral shaft shows a relatively thick cortex
compared to the other hominins. The subtrochanteric region
of the diaphysis is mediolaterally elongated resembling
early hominins while the midshaft is anteroposteriorly
elongated, indicating high mobility levels. In term of
diaphyseal robusticity, the H. naledi femur is more gracile
that other hominins and most apes. Homo naledi shows a
unique combination of characteristics in its femur that
undoubtedly indicate a species committed to terrestrial
bipedalism but with a unique loading pattern of the femur
possibly consequence of the unique postcranial anatomy of
the species.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.06.002},
Key = {fds344739}
}
@article{fds340057,
Author = {Di Vincenzo and F and Churchill, SE and Buzi, C and Profico, A and Tafuri,
MA and Micheli, M and Caramelli, D and Manzi, G},
Title = {Distinct among Neanderthals: The scapula of the skeleton
from Altamura, Italy},
Journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
Volume = {217},
Pages = {76-88},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2019},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.11.023},
Abstract = {The exceptionally well-preserved Neanderthal skeleton
discovered in October 1993 within the Lamalunga cave near
Altamura (Puglia, Italy) has been recently dated to a late
Middle Pleistocene chronology, bracketed between 128.2 and
187.0 ka. Although the skeleton is still sealed in situ, in
2009 and 2015 a large part of its fragmentary right scapula
was removed from the cave in three pieces, following a
protocol aimed at preventing any biological contamination
prior to aDNA extraction and analysis. The three fragments
taken together preserve the glenoid fossa, the roots of both
the coracoid and acromial processes, the superior two-thirds
of the axillary border, portions of the spine, and part of
the supraspinous fossa. This scapula is described here in
detail for the first time. Morphological analyses show that
it falls within the range of Neanderthal variability and
also approaches the Mid-Pleistocene sample from Atapuerca
Sima de los Huesos. However, the scapula from Altamura
exhibits a bisulcate/ventral pattern of the axillary border:
a feature that is uncommon for a Neanderthal and, more in
general, among the European archaic humans of the Middle and
Late Pleistocene. The scapula from Altamura expands our
knowledge of the postcranial variability along the
Neanderthal lineage.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.11.023},
Key = {fds340057}
}
@article{fds343591,
Author = {Brophy, JK and Irish, J and Churchill, SE and de Ruiter, DJ and Hawks,
J and Berger, LR},
Title = {A comparison of hominin teeth from Lincoln Cave,
Sterkfontein L/63, and the Dinaledi Chamber, South
Africa},
Journal = {South African Journal of Science},
Volume = {115},
Number = {5-6},
Year = {2019},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2019/5739},
Abstract = {Prior to the recovery of Homo naledi from the Dinaledi
Chamber of the Rising Star Cave system, the Middle
Pleistocene fossil record in Africa was particularly sparse.
With the large sample size now available from Dinaledi, the
opportunity exists to reassess taxonomically ambiguous teeth
unearthed at the nearby site of Sterkfontein. Teeth
recovered from Lincoln Cave South and area L/63 at
Sterkfontein have been considered ‘most probably Homo
ergaster’ and ‘perhaps Archaic Homo sapiens’,
respectively. Given the similarities shared between Lincoln
Cave, area L/63, and the Dinaledi Chamber with regard to
climatic/geologic depositional context and age, two teeth
from the former sites, StW 592 and StW 585 respectively,
were compared with corresponding tooth types of H. naledi
from the Dinaledi Chamber. The results of our study indicate
that the Lincoln Cave and area L/63 teeth are
morphologically inconsistent with the variation recognised
in the H. naledi teeth. Significance: • The similar age
and climatic/geologic depositional and post-depositional
circumstances at Lincoln Cave South, area L/63 at
Sterkfontein and the Dinaledi Chamber, Rising Star raise the
possibility that these fossils might represent the same
species. • The teeth StW 592 and StW 585 are not
consistent with the variation evident in the known H.
naledisample. • The results of the study do not add to the
question of the existence of at least two species of the
genus Homo living in close proximity to each other in South
Africa at approximately the same time.},
Doi = {10.17159/sajs.2019/5739},
Key = {fds343591}
}
@article{fds342190,
Author = {Miller, IF and Churchill, SE and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Speeding in the slow lane: Phylogenetic comparative analyses
reveal that not all human life history traits are
exceptional.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {130},
Pages = {36-44},
Year = {2019},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.12.007},
Abstract = {Humans are thought to exhibit an unusual suite of life
history traits relative to other primates, with a longer
lifespan, later age at first reproduction, and shorter
interbirth interval. These assumptions are key components of
popular hypotheses about human life history evolution, but
they have yet to be investigated phylogenetically. We
applied two phylogenetic comparative methods to investigate
whether these human life history traits differ from
expectations based on other primates: one fits and selects
between Brownian and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck models of trait
evolution; the other tests for phylogenetic outliers by
predicting phenotypic characteristics based on trait
covariation and phylogeny for a species of interest. We
found that humans have exceptionally short interbirth
intervals, long lifespans, and high birth masses. We failed
to find evidence that humans have a delayed age at first
reproduction relative to body mass or other covariates.
Overall, our results support several previous assertions
about the uniqueness of human life history characteristics
and the importance of cooperative breeding and socioecology
in human life history evolution. However, we suggest that
several hypotheses about human life history need to be
revised in light of our finding that humans do not have a
delayed age at first reproduction.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.12.007},
Key = {fds342190}
}
@article{fds340467,
Author = {Holt, B and Negrino, F and Riel-Salvatore, J and Formicola, V and Arellano, A and Arobba, D and Boschian, G and Churchill, SE and Cristiani, E and Di Canzio and E and Vicino, G},
Title = {The Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition in Northwest Italy:
new evidence from Riparo Bombrini (Balzi Rossi, Liguria,
Italy)},
Journal = {Quaternary International},
Volume = {508},
Pages = {142-152},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2018.11.032},
Abstract = {We report here preliminary results from four seasons of
excavation at the rockshelter of Riparo Bombrini
(2002–2005). Three markedly separate horizons were
uncovered: the deepest, comprising Levels M1-7, yielded
abundant Mousterian lithics and faunal remains. A second
macro-unit, corresponding to Levels MS1-2, is only a few
decimeters thick and is characterized by the presence of
large limestone blocks from partial collapse of the
shelter's vault. The scarcity of material and presence of
carnivore coprolites suggest sporadic human occupation. The
third macro-unit, constituted by Levels A1-3 and following
immediately above Levels MS1-2, contains a rich
Proto-Aurignacian industry, including Dufour bladelets, bone
tools, abundant ochre, numerous decorative objects (mainly
perforated shells) and widespread use of exotic raw
material. New AMS dates and stratigraphic and
sedimentological evidence indicate that the appearance of
the Proto-Aurignacian at Bombrini dates to around 41 ky cal
BP, in a phase of climatic degradation, paralleling the
conditions observed for the transition at other northern
Italian sites. While preliminary faunal analysis suggests
little change in site use over time, the composition of the
lithic assemblages point to a marked technological
discontinuity between the two time periods. Riparo
Bombrini's stratigraphic sequence affords important details
about the environmental and cultural dynamics that marked
the expansion of modern humans into Europe and the
disappearance of Neandertals in that region during OIS 3.
The association of a rich Proto-Aurignacian complex with an
anatomically modern deciduous human tooth enhances further
its importance for understanding early Upper Paleolithic in
Italy.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2018.11.032},
Key = {fds340467}
}
@article{fds358981,
Author = {Williams, SA and Prang, TC and Meyer, MR and Ostrofsky, KR and Nalley,
TK and Garcia-Martinez, D and Bastir, M and Schmid, P and Churchill, SE and Berger, LR},
Title = {A nearly complete lower back of Australopithecus
sediba},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {168},
Pages = {269-270},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds358981}
}
@article{fds330694,
Author = {VanSickle, C and Cofran, Z and García-Martínez, D and Williams, SA and Churchill, SE and Berger, LR and Hawks, J},
Title = {Homo naledi pelvic remains from the Dinaledi Chamber, South
Africa.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {125},
Pages = {122-136},
Year = {2018},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.10.001},
Abstract = {In the hominin fossil record, pelvic remains are sparse and
are difficult to attribute taxonomically when they are not
directly associated with craniodental material. Here we
describe the pelvic remains from the Dinaledi Chamber in the
Rising Star cave system, Cradle of Humankind, South Africa,
which has produced hominin fossils of a new species, Homo
naledi. Though this species has been attributed to Homo
based on cranial and lower limb morphology, the morphology
of some of the fragmentary pelvic remains recovered align
more closely with specimens attributed to the species
Australopithecus afarensis and Australopithecus africanus
than they do with those of most (but not all) known species
of the genus Homo. As with A. afarensis and A. africanus,
H. naledi appears to have had marked lateral iliac flare
and either a weakly developed or non-existent
acetabulocristal buttress or a distinct, albeit weakly
developed, acetabulospinous buttress. At the same time,
H. naledi has robust superior pubic and ischiopubic rami
and a short ischium with a narrow tuberoacetabular sulcus,
similar to those found in modern humans. The fragmentary
nature of the Dinaledi pelvic assemblage makes the
attribution of sex and developmental age to individual
specimens difficult, which in turn diminishes our ability to
identify the number of individuals represented in the
assemblage. At present, we can only confidently say that the
pelvic fossils from Rising Star represent at least four
individuals based on the presence of four overlapping right
ischial fossils (whereas a minimum of 15 individuals can be
identified from the Dinaledi dental assemblage). A
primitive, early Australopithecus-like false pelvis combined
with a derived Homo-like true pelvis is morphologically
consistent with evidence from the lower ribcage and proximal
femur of H. naledi. The overall similarity of H. naledi
ilia to those of australopiths supports the inference, drawn
from the observation of primitive pelvic morphology in the
extinct species Homo floresiensis, that there is substantial
variation in pelvic form within the genus Homo. In the light
of these findings, we urge caution in making taxonomic
attributions-even at the genus level-of isolated fossil ossa
coxae.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.10.001},
Key = {fds330694}
}
@article{fds332749,
Author = {Yapuncich, GS and Churchill, SE and Cameron, N and Walker,
CS},
Title = {Morphometric panel regression equations for predicting body
mass in immature humans.},
Journal = {Am J Phys Anthropol},
Volume = {166},
Number = {1},
Pages = {179-195},
Year = {2018},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23422},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Predicting body mass is a frequent objective of
several anthropological subdisciplines, but there are few
published methods for predicting body mass in immature
humans. Because most reference samples are composed of
adults, predicting body mass outside the range of adults
requires extrapolation, which may reduce the accuracy of
predictions. Prediction equations developed from a sample of
immature humans would reduce extrapolation for application
to small-bodied target individuals, and should have utility
in multiple predictive contexts. MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Here, we present two novel body mass prediction equations
derived from 3468 observations of stature and bi-iliac
breadth from a large sample of immature humans (n = 173)
collected in the Harpenden Growth Study. Prediction
equations were generated using raw and natural
log-transformed data and modeled using panel regression,
which accounts for serial autocorrelation of longitudinal
observations. Predictive accuracy was gauged with a global
sample of human juveniles (n = 530 age- and sex-specific
annual means) and compared to the performance of the adult
morphometric prediction equation previously identified as
most accurate for human juveniles. RESULTS: While the raw
data panel equation is only slightly more accurate than the
adult equation, the logged data panel equation generates
very accurate body mass predictions across both sexes and
all age classes of the test sample (mean absolute percentage
prediction error = 2.47). DISCUSSION: The logged data
panel equation should prove useful in archaeological,
forensic, and paleontological contexts when predictor
variables can be measured with confidence and are outside
the range of modern adult humans.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23422},
Key = {fds332749}
}
@article{fds335458,
Author = {Williams, SA and Prang, TC and Grabowski, MW and Meyer, MR and Schmid,
P and Churchill, SE and Berger, LR},
Title = {Relative size and scaling of the lumbo-sacral joint in
fossil hominins: Implications for function and
phylogeny},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {301-301},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds335458}
}
@article{fds335459,
Author = {Friedl, L and Claxton, AG and Walker, CS and Churchill, SE and Holliday,
TW and Hawks, J and Berger, LR and Desilva, JM and Marchi,
D},
Title = {Femoral neck and shaft structure in Homo
naledi},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {90-90},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds335459}
}
@article{fds335460,
Author = {Feuerriegel, EM and Voisin, J-L and Churchill, SE and Hawks, J and Berger, LR},
Title = {The upper limb of Homo naledi: New material from the Lesedi
Chamber, Rising Star System, South Africa},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {84-84},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds335460}
}
@article{fds335461,
Author = {De Ruiter and DJ and Brophy, JK and Van der Merwe and R and Smilg, JS and Churchill, SE and Berger, LR},
Title = {New craniodental remains of the type specimen of
Australopithecus sediba},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {65-66},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds335461}
}
@article{fds335462,
Author = {Walker, CS and Yapuncich, GS and Bowie, A and Belais, R and Churchill,
SE},
Title = {Accuracy of human-based morphometric equations for
predicting bonobo body mass},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {292-292},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds335462}
}
@article{fds335463,
Author = {Cook, RW and Yapuncich, GS and Thompson, IJ and Walker, CS and Churchill, SE},
Title = {A comparison of lateral iliac flare measurement methods and
their correlation with lesser gluteal moment
arms},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {53-53},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds335463}
}
@article{fds335464,
Author = {Green, DJ and Churchill, SE and Macias, ME and Gunz, P and Carlson, KJ and Schmid, P and Berger, LR},
Title = {Three-dimensional morphology and comparative anatomy of the
Australopithecus sediba scapula},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {105-105},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds335464}
}
@article{fds361905,
Author = {Miller, IF and Barton, RA and Churchill, S and Nunn,
CL},
Title = {Quantifying human uniqueness through phylogenetic
comparative methods},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY},
Volume = {30},
Number = {2},
Pages = {1 pages},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds361905}
}
@article{fds326826,
Author = {Walker, CS and Yapuncich, GS and Sridhar, S and Cameron, N and Churchill, SE},
Title = {Evaluating morphometric body mass prediction equations with
a juvenile human test sample: accuracy and applicability to
small-bodied hominins.},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Volume = {115},
Pages = {65-77},
Year = {2018},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.03.009},
Abstract = {Body mass is an ecologically and biomechanically important
variable in the study of hominin biology. Regression
equations derived from recent human samples allow for the
reasonable prediction of body mass of later, more
human-like, and generally larger hominins from hip joint
dimensions, but potential differences in hip biomechanics
across hominin taxa render their use questionable with some
earlier taxa (i.e., Australopithecus spp.). Morphometric
prediction equations using stature and bi-iliac breadth
avoid this problem, but their applicability to early
hominins, some of which differ in both size and proportions
from modern adult humans, has not been demonstrated. Here we
use mean stature, bi-iliac breadth, and body mass from a
global sample of human juveniles ranging in age from 6 to 12
years (n = 530 age- and sex-specific group annual means
from 33 countries/regions) to evaluate the accuracy of
several published morphometric prediction equations when
applied to small humans. Though the body proportions of
modern human juveniles likely differ from those of
small-bodied early hominins, human juveniles (like fossil
hominins) often differ in size and proportions from adult
human reference samples and, accordingly, serve as a useful
model for assessing the robustness of morphometric
prediction equations. Morphometric equations based on adults
systematically underpredict body mass in the youngest age
groups and moderately overpredict body mass in the older
groups, which fall in the body size range of adult
Australopithecus (∼26-46 kg). Differences in body
proportions, notably the ratio of lower limb length to
stature, influence predictive accuracy. Ontogenetic changes
in these body proportions likely influence the shift in
prediction error (from under- to overprediction). However,
because morphometric equations are reasonably accurate when
applied to this juvenile test sample, we argue these
equations may be used to predict body mass in small-bodied
hominins, despite the potential for some error induced by
differing body proportions and/or extrapolation beyond the
original reference sample range.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.03.009},
Key = {fds326826}
}
@article{fds329920,
Author = {De Ruiter and DJ and Churchill, SE and Hawks, J and Berger,
LR},
Title = {Late australopiths and the emergence of homo},
Journal = {Annual Review of Anthropology},
Volume = {46},
Pages = {99-115},
Publisher = {ANNUAL REVIEWS},
Year = {2017},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102116-041734},
Abstract = {New fossil discoveries and new analyses increasingly blur
the lines between Australopithecus and Homo, changing
scientific ideas about the transition between the two
genera. The concept of the genus itself remains an unsettled
issue, though recent fossil discoveries and theoretical
advances, alongside developments in phylogenetic
reconstruction and hypothesis testing, are helping us
approach a resolution. A review of the latest discoveries
and research reveals that (a) despite the recent recovery of
key fossil specimens, the antiquity of the genus Homo
remains uncertain; (b) although there exist several
australopith candidate ancestors for the genus Homo, there
is little consensus about which of these, if any, represents
the actual ancestor; and (c) potential convergent evolution
(homoplasy) in adaptively significant features in late
australopiths and basal members of the Homo clade, combined
with probable reticulate evolution, makes it currently
impossible to identify the direct ancestor of Homo
erectus.},
Doi = {10.1146/annurev-anthro-102116-041734},
Key = {fds329920}
}
@article{fds328260,
Author = {Garvin, HM and Elliott, MC and Delezene, LK and Hawks, J and Churchill,
SE and Berger, LR and Holliday, TW},
Title = {Body size, brain size, and sexual dimorphism in Homo naledi
from the Dinaledi Chamber.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {111},
Pages = {119-138},
Year = {2017},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.06.010},
Abstract = {Homo erectus and later humans have enlarged body sizes,
reduced sexual dimorphism, elongated lower limbs, and
increased encephalization compared to Australopithecus,
together suggesting a distinct ecological pattern. The
mosaic expression of such features in early Homo, including
Homo habilis, Homo rudolfensis, and some early H. erectus,
suggests that these traits do not constitute an integrated
package. We examined the evidence for body mass, stature,
limb proportions, body size and dental size dimorphism, and
absolute and relative brain size in Homo naledi as
represented in the Dinaledi Chamber sample. H. naledi
stature and body mass are low compared to reported values
for H. erectus, with the exception of some of the smaller
bodied Dmanisi H. erectus specimens, and overlap with
larger Australopithecus and early Homo estimates. H. naledi
endocranial volumes (465-560 cc) and estimates of
encephalization quotient are also similar to
Australopithecus and low compared to all Homo specimens,
with the exception of Homo floresiensis (LB1) and the
smallest Dmanisi H. erectus specimen (D4500). Unlike
Australopithecus, but similar to derived members of genus
Homo, the Dinaledi assemblage of H. naledi exhibits both
low levels of body mass and dental size variation, with an
estimated body mass index of sexual dimorphism less than
20%, and appears to have an elongated lower limb. Thus, the
H. naledi bauplan combines features not typically seen in
Homo species (e.g., small brains and bodies) with those
characteristic of H. erectus and more recent Homo species
(e.g., reduced mass dimorphism, elongated lower
limb).},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.06.010},
Key = {fds328260}
}
@article{fds326417,
Author = {Hawks, J and Elliott, M and Schmid, P and Churchill, SE and Ruiter, DJD and Roberts, EM and Hilbert-Wolf, H and Garvin, HM and Williams, SA and Delezene, LK and Feuerriegel, EM and Randolph-Quinney, P and Kivell,
TL and Laird, MF and Tawane, G and DeSilva, JM and Bailey, SE and Brophy,
JK and Meyer, MR and Skinner, MM and Tocheri, MW and VanSickle, C and Walker, CS and Campbell, TL and Kuhn, B and Kruger, A and Tucker, S and Gurtov, A and Hlophe, N and Hunter, R and Morris, H and Peixotto, B and Ramalepa, M and Rooyen, DV and Tsikoane, M and Boshoff, P and Dirks, PH and Berger, LR},
Title = {New fossil remains of Homo naledi from the Lesedi
Chamber, South Africa.},
Journal = {eLife},
Volume = {6},
Pages = {e24232},
Year = {2017},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.24232},
Abstract = {The Rising Star cave system has produced abundant fossil
hominin remains within the Dinaledi Chamber, representing a
minimum of 15 individuals attributed to <i>Homo naledi</i>.
Further exploration led to the discovery of hominin
material, now comprising 131 hominin specimens, within a
second chamber, the Lesedi Chamber. The Lesedi Chamber is
far separated from the Dinaledi Chamber within the Rising
Star cave system, and represents a second depositional
context for hominin remains. In each of three collection
areas within the Lesedi Chamber, diagnostic skeletal
material allows a clear attribution to <i>H. naledi</i>.
Both adult and immature material is present. The hominin
remains represent at least three individuals based upon
duplication of elements, but more individuals are likely
present based upon the spatial context. The most significant
specimen is the near-complete cranium of a large individual,
designated LES1, with an endocranial volume of approximately
610 ml and associated postcranial remains. The Lesedi
Chamber skeletal sample extends our knowledge of the
morphology and variation of <i>H. naledi</i>, and evidence
of <i>H. naledi</i> from both recovery localities shows a
consistent pattern of differentiation from other hominin
species.},
Doi = {10.7554/elife.24232},
Key = {fds326417}
}
@article{fds326050,
Author = {Churchill, SE and Vansickle, C},
Title = {Pelvic Morphology in Homo erectus and Early
Homo.},
Journal = {Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)},
Volume = {300},
Number = {5},
Pages = {964-977},
Year = {2017},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.23576},
Abstract = {The evolution of the hominin pelvis is generally seen as
involving two broad stages: the establishment of bipedal
pelvic morphology by the mid-Pliocene (or earlier), followed
by architectural changes necessary to enlarge the birth
canal in response to increased encephalization in
Pleistocene members of the genus Homo. Pelvic and proximal
femoral morphology in early Homo (namely H. erectus) has
been seen as transitional between these stages, reflecting
structural changes necessitated by greater body size (and
perhaps moderate increases in brain size) overlain upon a
basically primitive pelvic architecture. Here we review the
history of thought on the evolution of the pelvis in early
Homo, as well as recent fossil discoveries that have
improved our understanding of diversity in pelvic morphology
in early Homo and late australopiths. These discoveries (1)
suggest that the "femoropelvic complex" characteristic of H.
erectus emerged after the divergence of various lineages of
early Homo (that is, it is not plesiomorphic for the genus)
and (2) raise questions about the role that evolutionary
change in brain size in the genus Homo played in the
emergence of derived features seen in the pelvis of modern
humans. Anat Rec, 300:964-977, 2017. © 2017 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.23576},
Key = {fds326050}
}
@article{fds335466,
Author = {Bastir, M and Garcia-Martinez, D and Williams, SA and Meyer, MR and Nalla, S and Schmid, P and Barash, A and Oishi, M and Ogihara, N and Churchill, SE and Hawks, J and Berger, LR},
Title = {Geometric morphometrics of hominoid thoraces and its bearing
for reconstructing the ribcage of H. naledi},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {162},
Pages = {111-112},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds335466}
}
@article{fds335465,
Author = {Churchill, SE},
Title = {The functional significance of iliac buttressing in the
genus Homo},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {162},
Pages = {144-145},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds335465}
}
@article{fds323453,
Author = {Marchi, D and Walker, CS and Wei, P and Holliday, TW and Churchill, SE and Berger, LR and DeSilva, JM},
Title = {The thigh and leg of Homo naledi.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {104},
Pages = {174-204},
Year = {2017},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.09.005},
Abstract = {This paper describes the 108 femoral, patellar, tibial, and
fibular elements of a new species of Homo (Homo naledi)
discovered in the Dinaledi chamber of the Rising Star cave
system in South Africa. Homo naledi possesses a mosaic of
primitive, derived, and unique traits functionally
indicative of a bipedal hominin adapted for long distance
walking and possibly running. Traits shared with
australopiths include an anteroposteriorly compressed
femoral neck, a mediolaterally compressed tibia, and a
relatively circular fibular neck. Traits shared with Homo
include a well-marked linea aspera, anteroposteriorly thick
patellae, relatively long tibiae, and gracile fibulae with
laterally oriented lateral malleoli. Unique features include
the presence of two pillars on the superior aspect of the
femoral neck and a tubercular distal insertion of the pes
anserinus on the tibia. The mosaic morphology of the
H. naledi thigh and leg appears most consistent with a
species intermediate between Australopithecus spp. and Homo
erectus and, accordingly, may offer insight into the nature
of the earliest members of genus Homo. These fossils also
expand the morphological diversity of the Homo lower limb,
perhaps indicative of locomotor diversity in our
genus.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.09.005},
Key = {fds323453}
}
@article{fds323766,
Author = {Williams, SA and García-Martínez, D and Bastir, M and Meyer, MR and Nalla, S and Hawks, J and Schmid, P and Churchill, SE and Berger,
LR},
Title = {The vertebrae and ribs of Homo naledi.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {104},
Pages = {136-154},
Year = {2017},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.11.003},
Abstract = {Hominin evolution featured shifts from a trunk shape
suitable for climbing and housing a large gut to a trunk
adapted to bipedalism and higher quality diets. Our
knowledge regarding the tempo, mode, and context in which
these derived traits evolved has been limited, based largely
on a small-bodied Australopithecus partial skeleton (A.L.
288-1; "Lucy") and a juvenile Homo erectus skeleton (KNM-WT
15000; "Turkana Boy"). Two recent discoveries, of a
large-bodied Australopithecus afarensis (KSD-VP-1/1) and two
Australopithecus sediba partial skeletons (MH1 and MH2),
have added to our understanding of thorax evolution;
however, little is known about thorax morphology in early
Homo. Here we describe hominin vertebrae, ribs, and sternal
remains from the Dinaledi chamber of the Rising Star cave
system attributed to Homo naledi. Although the remains are
highly fragmented, the best-preserved specimens-two lower
thoracic vertebrae and a lower rib-were found in association
and belong to a small-bodied individual. A second lower rib
may belong to this individual as well. All four of these
individual elements are amongst the smallest known in the
hominin fossil record. H. naledi is characterized by
robust, relatively uncurved lower ribs and a relatively
large spinal canal. We expect that the recovery of
additional material from Rising Star Cave will clarify the
nature of these traits and shed light on H. naledi
functional morphology and phylogeny.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.11.003},
Key = {fds323766}
}
@article{fds324354,
Author = {Meyer, MR and Williams, SA and Schmid, P and Churchill, SE and Berger,
LR},
Title = {The cervical spine of Australopithecus sediba.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {104},
Pages = {32-49},
Year = {2017},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.01.001},
Abstract = {Cervical vertebrae are rare in the early hominin fossil
record, presenting a challenge for understanding the
evolution of the neck and head carriage in hominin
evolution. Here, we examine the cervical vertebrae of
Australopithecus sediba, which unlike other South African
taxa is known from associated cervical vertebrae. The
A. sediba cervical vertebrae exhibit human-like values for
wedging, pedicle cross-sectional areas, and articular facet
heights, indicating reduced ventral loading relative to
African apes. These features combine with a pattern of
vertebral body bone distribution and caudally progressive
size expansion suggesting a mode of cervical lordosis, load
mitigation, and head carriage similar to humans and distinct
from the cantilevered mode of head carriage of the extant
African great apes. Yet these derived features in A. sediba
are accompanied by ape-like vertebral body and dorsal pillar
sizes, articular facet orientation, and uncinate process
morphology signaling reduced lateral and rotational coupled
movements between vertebral elements and indicate a
considerably stiffer neck than in humans. A primitively long
and horizontally-oriented C7 spinous process is likely
related to a prognathic viscerocranium, although the
complimentary C3 spinous process is short, implying large
moments emanating from scapular and shoulder elevators
rather than large muscles of head stabilization.
Cross-sectional spinous process shape and robust anterior
tubercles similarly signal increased arm elevation
consistent with climbing behavior in corroboration with
arboreal signatures previously observed in the shoulder,
arms, and hand of A. sediba. Spinal canal shape and size
suggests that A. sediba lacked the cervical spinal cord
enlargement of Homo that confers humans with enhanced motor
control to the upper limbs. The cervical spine of A. sediba
thus presents a mosaic of primitive and derived characters,
with anatomical features relating to neck posture and head
carriage mirroring humans juxtaposed with most other aspects
of functional anatomy that resemble chimpanzees.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.01.001},
Key = {fds324354}
}
@article{fds323454,
Author = {Feuerriegel, EM and Green, DJ and Walker, CS and Schmid, P and Hawks, J and Berger, LR and Churchill, SE},
Title = {The upper limb of Homo naledi.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {104},
Pages = {155-173},
Year = {2017},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.09.013},
Abstract = {The evolutionary transition from an ape-like to human-like
upper extremity occurred in the context of a behavioral
shift from an upper limb predominantly involved in
locomotion to one adapted for manipulation. Selection for
overarm throwing and endurance running is thought to have
further shaped modern human shoulder girdle morphology and
its position about the thorax. Homo naledi (Dinaledi
Chamber, Rising Star Cave, Cradle of Humankind, South
Africa) combines an australopith-like cranial capacity with
dental characteristics akin to early Homo. Although the
hand, foot, and lower limb display many derived
morphologies, the upper limb retains many primitive traits.
Here, we describe the H. naledi upper extremity (excluding
the hand) in detail and in a comparative context to evaluate
the diversity of clavicular, scapular, humeral, radial, and
ulnar morphology among early hominins and later Homo.
Homo naledi had a scapula with a markedly
cranially-oriented glenoid, a humerus with extremely low
torsion, and an australopith-like clavicle. These traits
indicate that the H. naledi scapula was situated superiorly
and laterally on the thorax. This shoulder girdle
configuration is more similar to that of Australopithecus
and distinct from that of modern humans, whose scapulae are
positioned low and dorsally about the thorax. Although early
Homo erectus maintains many primitive clavicular and humeral
features, its derived scapular morphology suggests a loss of
climbing adaptations. In contrast, the H. naledi upper limb
is markedly primitive, retaining morphology conducive to
climbing while lacking many of the derived features related
to effective throwing or running purported to characterize
other members of early Homo.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.09.013},
Key = {fds323454}
}
@article{fds326483,
Author = {Randolph-Quinney, PS and Williams, SA and Steyn, M and Meyer, MR and Smilg, JS and Churchill, SE and Odes, EJ and Augustine, T and Tafforeau,
P and Berger, LR},
Title = {Osteogenic tumour in Australopithecus sediba: Earliest
hominin evidence for neoplastic disease},
Journal = {South African Journal of Science},
Volume = {112},
Number = {7-8},
Publisher = {Academy of Science of South Africa},
Year = {2016},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2016/20150470},
Abstract = {We describe the earliest evidence for neoplastic disease in
the hominin lineage. This is reported from the type specimen
of the extinct hominin Australopithecus sediba from Malapa,
South Africa, dated to 1.98 million years ago. The affected
individual was male and developmentally equivalent to a
human child of 12 to 13 years of age. A penetrating lytic
lesion affected the sixth thoracic vertebra. The lesion was
macroscopically evaluated and internally imaged through
phase-contrast X-ray synchrotron microtomography. A
comprehensive differential diagnosis was undertaken based on
gross- and micro-morphology of the lesion, leading to a
probable diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. These neoplasms are
solitary, benign, osteoid and bone-forming tumours, formed
from well-vascularised connective tissue within which there
is active production of osteoid and woven bone. Tumours of
any kind are rare in archaeological populations, and are all
but unknown in the hominin record, highlighting the
importance of this discovery. The presence of this disease
at Malapa predates the earliest evidence of malignant
neoplasia in the hominin fossil record by perhaps 200 000
years.},
Doi = {10.17159/sajs.2016/20150470},
Key = {fds326483}
}
@article{fds323455,
Author = {Churchill, SE and Walker, CS and Schwartz, AM},
Title = {Home-range size in large-bodied carnivores as a model for
predicting neandertal territory size.},
Journal = {Evolutionary anthropology},
Volume = {25},
Number = {3},
Pages = {117-123},
Year = {2016},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.21483},
Abstract = {Adult human foragers expend roughly 30-60 kcal per km in
unburdened walking at optimal speeds.(1,2) In the context of
foraging rounds and residential moves, they may routinely
travel distances of 50-70 km per week, often while carrying
loads.(3) Movement on the landscape, then, is arguably the
single most expensive item in the activity budgets of
hunter-gatherers. Mobility costs may have been greater still
for Neandertals. They had stocky, short-limbed physiques
that were energetically costly to move(4) and lived in
relatively unproductive Pleistocene environments(5) that may
have required greater movement to deal with problems of
biodepletion and resource patchiness.(6) But just how mobile
were the Neandertals?},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.21483},
Key = {fds323455}
}
@article{fds328267,
Author = {Williams, SA and Garcia-Martinez, D and Meyer, MR and Nalla, S and Schmid, P and Hawks, J and Churchill, SE and Berger, LR and Bastir,
M},
Title = {The axial skeleton and scaling of the trunk in Homo
naledi},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {335-335},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds328267}
}
@article{fds328268,
Author = {Walker, CS and Desilva, JM and Holliday, TW and Marchi, D and Garvin,
HM and Cofran, Z and Hawks, J and Berger, LR and Churchill,
SE},
Title = {Relative length of the immature Homo naledi tibia UW
101-1070: evidence for elongation of the
leg},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {326-326},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds328268}
}
@article{fds328264,
Author = {Kivell, TL and Deane, AS and Tocheri, MW and Orr, CM and Schmid, P and Hawks, J and Berger, LR and Churchill, SE},
Title = {Functional interpretation of the Homo naledi
hand},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {192-192},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds328264}
}
@article{fds328265,
Author = {Marchi, D and Walker, CS and Wei, P and Holliday, TW and Churchill, SE and Berger, LR and Desilva, JM},
Title = {Thigh and leg remains of Homo naledi},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {218-219},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds328265}
}
@article{fds328266,
Author = {Elliott, MC and Dirks, PHGM and Berger, LR and Roberts, EM and Kramers,
JD and Hawks, J and Randolph-Quinney, PS and Musiba, CM and Churchill,
SE and de Ruiter, DJ and Schmid, P and Backwell, LR and Belyanin, GA and Boshoff, P and Hunter, KL and Feuerriegel, EM and Gurtov, A and Harrison, JDG and Hunter, R and Kruger, A and Morris, H and Peixotto,
B},
Title = {Geological and taphonomic context of excavations within the
Rising Star cave system},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {138-138},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds328266}
}
@article{fds328261,
Author = {Garvin, HM and Elliott, MC and Delezene, LK and Hawks, JD and Churchill,
SE and Berger, LR and Holliday, TW},
Title = {Body size and sexual dimorphism in H. naledi},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {152-152},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds328261}
}
@article{fds328262,
Author = {Feuerriegel, EM and Green, DJ and Walker, CS and Schmid, P and Hawks, J and Berger, LR and Churchill, SE},
Title = {The shoulder and upper limb of Homo naledi},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {142-142},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds328262}
}
@article{fds328263,
Author = {Vansickle, C and Cofran, ZD and Garcia-Martinez, D and Williams, SA and Churchill, SE and Berger, LR and Hawks, J},
Title = {Primitive pelvic features in a new species of
Homo},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {321-322},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds328263}
}
@article{fds361906,
Author = {Throckmorton, Z and Harcourt-Smith, WEH and Congdon, K and Zipfel, B and Desilva, J and Vansickle, C and Williams, S and Meyer, M and Prang, TC and Walker, C and Marchi, D and Garcia-Martinez, D and Churchill, S and Hawks, J and Berger, L},
Title = {Homo naledi strides again: preliminary reconstructions of an
extinct hominin's gait},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {314-314},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds361906}
}
@misc{fds335467,
Author = {Salem, PE and Churchill, SE},
Title = {Penetration, tissue damage, and lethality of wood-versus
lithic-tipped projectiles},
Pages = {203-212},
Booktitle = {Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology},
Publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9789401776011},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7602-8_14},
Abstract = {Lithic projectile points are a universal component of the
hunting tool kits of archeologically- and historically-known
foragers. Recent experimental work with ballistic gelatin
targets has shown that lithic-tipped projectiles do not have
a marked penetration advantage over those with simple
sharpened wooden points, leading to the suggestion that
investment in the production of lithic points may serve
social rather than economic motives. Here we report on
experimental work with wood- and stone-tipped arrows fired
into calibrated ballistic gel. While the stone-tipped arrows
underperformed with respect to penetration, they far
exceeded the wood-tipped arrows in the volume of gelatin
destroyed. These results suggest that the total volume of
tissue destroyed by a projectile is as or more important
than its penetration depth, that adding a lithic point
increases the lethality of a projectile, and that decisions
about projectile armatures were motivated by economic rather
than social concerns.},
Doi = {10.1007/978-94-017-7602-8_14},
Key = {fds335467}
}
@article{fds240055,
Author = {Harcourt-Smith, WEH and Throckmorton, Z and Congdon, KA and Zipfel,
B and Deane, AS and Drapeau, MSM and Churchill, SE and Berger, LR and DeSilva, JM},
Title = {The foot of Homo naledi.},
Journal = {Nature communications},
Volume = {6},
Pages = {8432},
Year = {2015},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9432},
Abstract = {Modern humans are characterized by a highly specialized foot
that reflects our obligate bipedalism. Our understanding of
hominin foot evolution is, although, hindered by a paucity
of well-associated remains. Here we describe the foot of
Homo naledi from Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa, using 107
pedal elements, including one nearly-complete adult foot.
The H. naledi foot is predominantly modern human-like in
morphology and inferred function, with an adducted hallux,
an elongated tarsus, and derived ankle and calcaneocuboid
joints. In combination, these features indicate a foot well
adapted for striding bipedalism. However, the H. naledi foot
differs from modern humans in having more curved proximal
pedal phalanges, and features suggestive of a reduced medial
longitudinal arch. Within the context of primitive features
found elsewhere in the skeleton, these findings suggest a
unique locomotor repertoire for H. naledi, thus providing
further evidence of locomotor diversity within both the
hominin clade and the genus Homo.},
Doi = {10.1038/ncomms9432},
Key = {fds240055}
}
@article{fds290831,
Author = {Kivell, TL and Deane, AS and Tocheri, MW and Orr, CM and Schmid, P and Hawks, J and Berger, LR and Churchill, SE},
Title = {The hand of Homo naledi.},
Journal = {Nature communications},
Volume = {6},
Pages = {8431},
Year = {2015},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9431},
Abstract = {A nearly complete right hand of an adult hominin was
recovered from the Rising Star cave system, South Africa.
Based on associated hominin material, the bones of this hand
are attributed to Homo naledi. This hand reveals a long,
robust thumb and derived wrist morphology that is shared
with Neandertals and modern humans, and considered adaptive
for intensified manual manipulation. However, the finger
bones are longer and more curved than in most australopiths,
indicating frequent use of the hand during life for strong
grasping during locomotor climbing and suspension. These
markedly curved digits in combination with an otherwise
human-like wrist and palm indicate a significant degree of
climbing, despite the derived nature of many aspects of the
hand and other regions of the postcranial skeleton in H.
naledi.},
Doi = {10.1038/ncomms9431},
Key = {fds290831}
}
@article{fds240054,
Author = {Dirks, PHGM and Berger, LR and Roberts, EM and Kramers, JD and Hawks, J and Randolph-Quinney, PS and Elliott, M and Musiba, CM and Churchill, SE and de Ruiter, DJ and Schmid, P and Backwell, LR and Belyanin, GA and Boshoff, P and Hunter, KL and Feuerriegel, EM and Gurtov, A and Harrison, JDG and Hunter, R and Kruger, A and Morris, H and Makhubela,
TV and Peixotto, B and Tucker, S},
Title = {Geological and taphonomic context for the new hominin
species Homo naledi from the Dinaledi Chamber, South
Africa.},
Journal = {eLife},
Volume = {4},
Year = {2015},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.09561},
Abstract = {We describe the physical context of the Dinaledi Chamber
within the Rising Star cave, South Africa, which contains
the fossils of Homo naledi. Approximately 1550 specimens of
hominin remains have been recovered from at least 15
individuals, representing a small portion of the total
fossil content. Macro-vertebrate fossils are exclusively H.
naledi, and occur within clay-rich sediments derived from in
situ weathering, and exogenous clay and silt, which entered
the chamber through fractures that prevented passage of
coarser-grained material. The chamber was always in the dark
zone, and not accessible to non-hominins. Bone taphonomy
indicates that hominin individuals reached the chamber
complete, with disarticulation occurring during/after
deposition. Hominins accumulated over time as older
laminated mudstone units and sediment along the cave floor
were eroded. Preliminary evidence is consistent with
deliberate body disposal in a single location, by a hominin
species other than Homo sapiens, at an as-yet unknown
date.},
Doi = {10.7554/elife.09561},
Key = {fds240054}
}
@article{fds323456,
Author = {Berger, LR and Hawks, J and de Ruiter, DJ and Churchill, SE and Schmid,
P and Delezene, LK and Kivell, TL and Garvin, HM and Williams, SA and DeSilva, JM and Skinner, MM and Musiba, CM and Cameron, N and Holliday,
TW and Harcourt-Smith, W and Ackermann, RR and Bastir, M and Bogin, B and Bolter, D and Brophy, J and Cofran, ZD and Congdon, KA and Deane, AS and Dembo, M and Drapeau, M and Elliott, MC and Feuerriegel, EM and Garcia-Martinez, D and Green, DJ and Gurtov, A and Irish, JD and Kruger,
A and Laird, MF and Marchi, D and Meyer, MR and Nalla, S and Negash, EW and Orr, CM and Radovcic, D and Schroeder, L and Scott, JE and Throckmorton,
Z and Tocheri, MW and VanSickle, C and Walker, CS and Wei, P and Zipfel,
B},
Title = {Homo naledi, a new species of the genus Homo from the
Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa.},
Journal = {eLife},
Volume = {4},
Year = {2015},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.09560},
Abstract = {Homo naledi is a previously-unknown species of extinct
hominin discovered within the Dinaledi Chamber of the Rising
Star cave system, Cradle of Humankind, South Africa. This
species is characterized by body mass and stature similar to
small-bodied human populations but a small endocranial
volume similar to australopiths. Cranial morphology of H.
naledi is unique, but most similar to early Homo species
including Homo erectus, Homo habilis or Homo rudolfensis.
While primitive, the dentition is generally small and simple
in occlusal morphology. H. naledi has humanlike manipulatory
adaptations of the hand and wrist. It also exhibits a
humanlike foot and lower limb. These humanlike aspects are
contrasted in the postcrania with a more primitive or
australopith-like trunk, shoulder, pelvis and proximal
femur. Representing at least 15 individuals with most
skeletal elements repeated multiple times, this is the
largest assemblage of a single species of hominins yet
discovered in Africa.},
Doi = {10.7554/elife.09560},
Key = {fds323456}
}
@article{fds240058,
Author = {Churchill, SE and Sridhar, S and Cameron, N and Walker,
CS},
Title = {Geometric methods of body mass estimation in small-bodied
hominins},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {156},
Pages = {105-105},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000350594900157&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240058}
}
@article{fds240060,
Author = {Brophy, JK and de Ruiter, DJ and Berger, LR and Churchill, SE and Schmid, P},
Title = {Morphometric analyses of maxillary and mandibular first
molars of Pleistocene hominins},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {156},
Pages = {94-94},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000350594900112&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240060}
}
@article{fds240061,
Author = {Sylvester, AD and Desilva, JM and Churchill, SE and Berger,
LR},
Title = {Three-dimensional shape analysis of the distal femur of
Australopithecus sediba},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {156},
Pages = {299-300},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000350594902116&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240061}
}
@article{fds240066,
Author = {Ostrofsky, KR and Churchill, SE},
Title = {Sex determination by discriminant function analysis of
lumbar vertebrae.},
Journal = {Journal of forensic sciences},
Volume = {60},
Number = {1},
Pages = {21-28},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000318043202134&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Sex determination is critical for developing the biological
profile of unidentified skeletal remains. When more commonly
used elements (os coxa, cranium) for sexing are not
available, methods utilizing other skeletal elements are
needed. This study aims to assess the degree of sexual
dimorphism of the lumbar vertebrae and develop discriminant
functions for sex determination from them, using a sample of
South African blacks from the Raymond A. Dart Collection (47
males, 51 females). Eleven variables at each lumbar level
were subjected to univariate and multivariate discriminant
function analyses. Univariate equations produced
classification rates ranging from 57.7% to 83.5%, with the
highest accuracies associated with dimensions of the
vertebral body. Multivariate stepwise analysis generated
classification rates ranging from 75.9% to 88.7%. These
results are comparable to other methods for sexing the
skeleton and indicate that measures of the lumbar vertebrae
can be used as an effective tool for sex
determination.},
Doi = {10.1111/1556-4029.12543},
Key = {fds240066}
}
@article{fds240067,
Author = {Macias, ME and Churchill, SE},
Title = {Functional morphology of the Neandertal scapular glenoid
fossa.},
Journal = {Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)},
Volume = {298},
Number = {1},
Pages = {168-179},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000318043202014&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Neandertals and Homo sapiens are known to differ in scapular
glenoid fossa morphology. Functional explanations may be
appropriate for certain aspects of glenoid fossa morphology;
however, other factors--e.g., allometry, evolutionary
development--must be addressed before functional morphology
is considered. Using three-dimensional geometric
morphometrics, shape of the scapular glenoid fossa was
compared among Neandertals, early and recent modern humans,
chimpanzees, orangutans, Australopithecus afarensis, and Au.
sediba. Permutation analysis revealed that side, sex, and
lifestyle did not correlate with shape. Of the features we
found to differ between groups, anterior glenoid rim
morphology and fossa curvature did not correlate with the
aforementioned shape variables; thus, a functional
explanation is appropriate for these components of glenoid
fossa shape. Shared morphology among recent humans and
chimpanzees (to the exclusion of Neandertals and orangutans)
suggests independent forces contributing to these
morphological configurations. Potential explanations include
adaptations to habitual behavior and locomotor adaptations
in the scapulae of recent humans and chimpanzees; these
explanations are supported by clinical and experimental
literature. The absence of these morphological features in
Neandertals may support the lack of these selective forces
on their scapular glenoid fossa morphology.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.23072},
Key = {fds240067}
}
@book{fds240062,
Author = {Churchill, SE},
Title = {Thin on the Ground: Neandertal Biology, Archeology and
Ecology},
Pages = {1-453},
Publisher = {JOHN WILEY & SONS INC},
Year = {2014},
Month = {October},
ISBN = {9781118590874},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118590836},
Abstract = {For us, the experience of reading Steve Churchill's book
Thin on the Ground: Neandertal Biology, Archeology, and
Ecology was like that of reading The Origin of Species for
the first time. In both Churchill's and Darwin's books, the
reader is led carefully and meticulously through a
beautifully organized presentation of all the evidence
bearing on a vexed and long-standing problem, arriving at a
novel answer that resolves many issues all at once. Like
Darwin, Churchill makes his case with such a wide-ranging,
comprehensive, and judicious presentation that when the
overall conclusion is fully laid out in the last chapter,
its force is inescapable.},
Doi = {10.1002/9781118590836},
Key = {fds240062}
}
@misc{fds240056,
Author = {Walker, CS and Churchill, SE},
Title = {Territory size in Canis lupus: Implications for Neandertal
mobility},
Volume = {9781489974600},
Pages = {209-226},
Booktitle = {Reconstructing Mobility: Environmental, Behavioral, and
Morphological Determinants},
Publisher = {Springer Press},
Address = {Heidelberg},
Editor = {D. Marchi and K. Carlson},
Year = {2014},
Month = {April},
ISBN = {9781489974594},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7460-0_12},
Abstract = {Inferences about Neandertal home range sizes have
historically been reconstructed with reference to lithic raw
material transport distances. Here we use data on northern
latitude social carnivores to predict home range sizes for
Neandertal groups. Given that Neandertals must have relied
heavily on animal protein and fat in the plant food-poor
environments of Pleistocene Europe, their home range sizes
and levels of logistical mobility were likely largely
determined by prey abundance and distribution. We use the
gray wolf (Canis lupus) to develop a model that relates
climatic variables and predator group aggregate mass to home
range size. Pack size data were combined with average wolf
mass values to produce mass-specific territory sizes (in km2
kg-1), which in turn allowed for the prediction of home
range areas for Neandertal groups of varying sizes. Results
indicate that even at fairly small social group sizes (less
than 33 individuals) Neandertals likely required and
maintained large territories (≈1,400-5,400 km2), which is
consistent with results of studies of lithic raw material
procurement patterns. The concordance between these two
types of estimates lends support to the idea that lithic raw
material procurement was embedded in subsistence mobility in
the European Mousterian.},
Doi = {10.1007/978-1-4899-7460-0_12},
Key = {fds240056}
}
@article{fds240064,
Author = {Reed, ND and Hakki, L and Churchill, SE},
Title = {Pelvic sexual dimorphism in the hominin fossil
record},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {153},
Pages = {218-219},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000331225100686&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240064}
}
@article{fds240065,
Author = {Ostrofsky, KR and Williams, SA and Churchill, SE and Berger, LR and Richmond, BG},
Title = {Australopith lumbar vertebral morphology: Insights from
Australopithecus sediba},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {153},
Pages = {202-202},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000331225100613&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240065}
}
@article{fds240063,
Author = {Cieri, RL and Churchill, SE and Franciscus, RG and Tan, J and Hare,
B},
Title = {Craniofacial feminization, social tolerance, and the origins
of behavioral modernity},
Journal = {Current Anthropology},
Volume = {55},
Number = {4},
Pages = {419-443},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0011-3204},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/677209},
Abstract = {The past 200,000 years of human cultural evolution have
witnessed the persistent establishment of behaviors
involving innovation, planning depth, and abstract and
symbolic thought, or what has been called "behavioral
modernity." Demographic models based on increased human
population density from the late Pleistocene onward have
been increasingly invoked to understand the emergence of
behavioral modernity. However, high levels of social
tolerance, as seen among living humans, are a necessary
prerequisite to life at higher population densities and to
the kinds of cooperative cultural behaviors essential to
these demographic models. Here we provide data on
craniofacial feminization (reduction in average brow ridge
projection and shortening of the upper facial skeleton) in
Homo sapiens from the Middle Pleistocene to recent times. We
argue that temporal changes in human craniofacial morphology
reflect reductions in average androgen reactivity (lower
levels of adult circulating testosterone or reduced androgen
receptor densities), which in turn reflect the evolution of
enhanced social tolerance since the Middle Pleistocene. ©
2014 by The Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological
Research. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1086/677209},
Key = {fds240063}
}
@article{fds240069,
Author = {DeSilva, JM and Holt, KG and Churchill, SE and Carlson, KJ and Walker,
CS and Zipfel, B and Berger, LR},
Title = {The lower limb and mechanics of walking in Australopithecus
sediba.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {340},
Number = {6129},
Pages = {1232999},
Year = {2013},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000317341400003&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {The discovery of a relatively complete Australopithecus
sediba adult female skeleton permits a detailed locomotor
analysis in which joint systems can be integrated to form a
comprehensive picture of gait kinematics in this late
australopith. Here we describe the lower limb anatomy of Au.
sediba and hypothesize that this species walked with a fully
extended leg and with an inverted foot during the swing
phase of bipedal walking. Initial contact of the lateral
foot with the ground resulted in a large pronatory torque
around the joints of the foot that caused extreme medial
weight transfer (hyperpronation) into the toe-off phase of
the gait cycle (late pronation). These bipedal mechanics are
different from those often reconstructed for other
australopiths and suggest that there may have been several
forms of bipedalism during the Plio-Pleistocene.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1232999},
Key = {fds240069}
}
@article{fds240070,
Author = {de Ruiter, DJ and DeWitt, TJ and Carlson, KB and Brophy, JK and Schroeder, L and Ackermann, RR and Churchill, SE and Berger,
LR},
Title = {Mandibular remains support taxonomic validity of
Australopithecus sediba.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {340},
Number = {6129},
Pages = {1232997},
Year = {2013},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000317341400002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Since the announcement of the species Australopithecus
sediba, questions have been raised over whether the Malapa
fossils represent a valid taxon or whether inadequate
allowance was made for intraspecific variation, in
particular with reference to the temporally and
geographically proximate species Au. africanus. The
morphology of mandibular remains of Au. sediba, including
newly recovered material discussed here, shows that it is
not merely a late-surviving morph of Au. africanus.
Rather-as is seen elsewhere in the cranium, dentition, and
postcranial skeleton-these mandibular remains share
similarities with other australopiths but can be
differentiated from the hypodigm of Au. africanus in both
size and shape as well as in their ontogenetic growth
trajectory.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1232997},
Key = {fds240070}
}
@article{fds240071,
Author = {Williams, SA and Ostrofsky, KR and Frater, N and Churchill, SE and Schmid, P and Berger, LR},
Title = {The vertebral column of Australopithecus
sediba.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {340},
Number = {6129},
Pages = {1232996},
Year = {2013},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000317341400001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Two partial vertebral columns of Australopithecus sediba
grant insight into aspects of early hominin spinal mobility,
lumbar curvature, vertebral formula, and transitional
vertebra position. Au. sediba likely possessed five
non-rib-bearing lumbar vertebrae and five sacral elements,
the same configuration that occurs modally in modern humans.
This finding contrasts with other interpretations of early
hominin regional vertebral numbers. Importantly, the
transitional vertebra is distinct from and above the last
rib-bearing vertebra in Au. sediba, resulting in a
functionally longer lower back. This configuration, along
with a strongly wedged last lumbar vertebra and other
indicators of lordotic posture, would have contributed to a
highly flexible spine that is derived compared with earlier
members of the genus Australopithecus and similar to that of
the Nariokotome Homo erectus skeleton.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1232996},
Key = {fds240071}
}
@article{fds240072,
Author = {Schmid, P and Churchill, SE and Nalla, S and Weissen, E and Carlson, KJ and de Ruiter, DJ and Berger, LR},
Title = {Mosaic morphology in the thorax of Australopithecus
sediba.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {340},
Number = {6129},
Pages = {1234598},
Year = {2013},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000317341400006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {The shape of the thorax of early hominins has been a point
of contention for more than 30 years. Owing to the generally
fragmentary nature of fossil hominin ribs, few specimens
have been recovered that have rib remains complete enough to
allow accurate reassembly of thoracic shape, thus leaving
open the question of when the cylindrical-shaped chest of
humans and their immediate ancestors evolved. The ribs of
Australopithecus sediba exhibit a mediolaterally narrow,
ape-like upper thoracic shape, which is unlike the broad
upper thorax of Homo that has been related to the locomotor
pattern of endurance walking and running. The lower thorax,
however, appears less laterally flared than that of apes and
more closely approximates the morphology found in
humans.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1234598},
Key = {fds240072}
}
@article{fds240073,
Author = {Churchill, SE and Holliday, TW and Carlson, KJ and Jashashvili, T and Macias, ME and Mathews, S and Sparling, TL and Schmid, P and de Ruiter,
DJ and Berger, LR},
Title = {The upper limb of Australopithecus sediba.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {340},
Number = {6129},
Pages = {1233477},
Year = {2013},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580536},
Abstract = {The evolution of the human upper limb involved a change in
function from its use for both locomotion and prehension (as
in apes) to a predominantly prehensile and manipulative
role. Well-preserved forelimb remains of
1.98-million-year-old Australopithecus sediba from Malapa,
South Africa, contribute to our understanding of this
evolutionary transition. Whereas other aspects of their
postcranial anatomy evince mosaic combinations of primitive
(australopith-like) and derived (Homo-like) features, the
upper limbs (excluding the hand and wrist) of the Malapa
hominins are predominantly primitive and suggest the
retention of substantial climbing and suspensory ability.
The use of the forelimb primarily for prehension and
manipulation appears to arise later, likely with the
emergence of Homo erectus.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1233477},
Key = {fds240073}
}
@misc{fds335468,
Author = {de Ruiter, DJ and Churchill, SE and Berger, LR},
Title = {Australopithecus sediba from Malapa, South
Africa},
Pages = {147-160},
Booktitle = {Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology},
Publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
Address = {Heidelberg},
Editor = {K.E. Reed and J. Fleagle and R. Leakey},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9789400759183},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5919-0_9},
Abstract = {First discovered in August of 2008, the site of Malapa,
South Africa revealed two relatively complete partial
skeletons that we assigned to a new species,
Australopithecus sediba. Additional individuals have since
been detected, and await excavation at the site. It appears
that these hominins were washed into the cave through a deep
vertical shaft, likely in a single depositional event
resulting from a large storm inflow. Burial and cementation
were rapid, occasioning the exceptional preservation of
these skeletons. Uranium-lead and paleomagnetic dating
combine to precisely constrain the age of the site to 1.977
± 0.0015 Ma. Cranial and postcranial remains of A. sediba
demonstrate numerous australopith-like features that denote
a hominin at an australopith adaptive grade, prompting its
inclusion in the genus Australopithecus. However, A. sediba
also displays a series of characters that align it more
closely with Homo than any other australopith species. We
consider the evidence supporting the appearance of Homo
prior to 1.977 Ma to be inconclusive, therefore we
hypothesize that A. sediba from Malapa could be ancestral to
Homo. Alternatively, if the existence of Homo prior to 1.977
Ma can be confirmed, this would not preclude a population of
A. sediba that predated Malapa from occupying this role.
Therefore we hypothesize that A. sediba indeed represents
the ancestor of the genus Homo.},
Doi = {10.1007/978-94-007-5919-0_9},
Key = {fds335468}
}
@article{fds240068,
Author = {Williams, SA and Churchill, SE and Ostrofsky, KR and Schmid, P and Frater, N and Berger, LR},
Title = {The number of vertebrae in early hominins: insights from
Australopithecus sediba.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {150},
Pages = {292-292},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000318043202478&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240068}
}
@article{fds221170,
Author = {Ostrofsky, K.R. and S.E. Churchill},
Title = {Sex determination by discriminant function analysis of
lumber vertebrae},
Journal = {J. For. Sci.},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds221170}
}
@article{fds221174,
Author = {Holliday, T.W. and C.S. Walker and S.E. Churchill and L. Friedl and L.R. Berger},
Title = {The StW 99 femur and relative lower limb length of
Australopiuthecus africanus},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds221174}
}
@article{fds221176,
Author = {Walker, C.S. and S. Sridhar and S.E. Churchill},
Title = {Proximal femoral morphology of Berg Aukas in the context of
global variation among modern humans},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds221176}
}
@article{fds221177,
Author = {Reed, N.D. and S.E. Churchill},
Title = {Shape change in the sacroiliac joint at the emergence of
Homo},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds221177}
}
@article{fds221180,
Author = {Ostrofsky, K.R. and S.E. Churchill},
Title = {Sex determination by discriminant function analysis of
lumbar vertebrae},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds221180}
}
@misc{fds366271,
Author = {Froehle, AW and Yokley, TR and Churchill, SE},
Title = {Energetics and the Origin of Modern Humans},
Pages = {285-320},
Booktitle = {ORIGINS OF MODERN HUMANS: BIOLOGY RECONSIDERED, 2ND
EDITION},
Publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
Address = {Hoboken, NJ},
Editor = {F.H. Smith and J.C.M. Ahern},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds366271}
}
@article{fds240106,
Author = {Di Vincenzo and F and Churchill, SE and Manzi, G},
Title = {The Vindija Neanderthal scapular glenoid fossa: comparative
shape analysis suggests evo-devo changes among
Neanderthals.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {62},
Number = {2},
Pages = {274-285},
Year = {2012},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.11.010},
Abstract = {Although the shape of the scapular glenoid fossa (SGF) may
be influenced by epigenetic and developmental factors, there
appears to be strong genetic control over its overall form,
such that variation within and between hominin taxa in SGF
shape may contain information about their evolutionary
histories. Here we present the results of a geometric
morphometric study of the SGF of the Neanderthal Vi-209 from
Vindjia Cave (Croatia), relative to samples of
Plio-Pleistocene, later Pleistocene, and recent hominins.
Variation in overall SGF shape follows a chronological trend
from the plesiomorphic condition seen in Australopithecus to
modern humans, with pre-modern species of the genus Homo
exhibiting intermediate morphologies. Change in body size
across this temporal series is not linearly directional,
which argues against static allometry as an explanation.
However, life history and developmental rates change
directionally across the series, suggesting an ontogenetic
effect on the observed changes in shape (ontogenetic
allometry). Within this framework, the morphospace occupied
by the Neanderthals exhibits a discontinuous distribution.
The Vindija SGF and those of the later Near Eastern
Neanderthals (Kebara and Shanidar) approach the modern
condition and are somewhat segregated from both northwestern
European (Neandertal and La Ferrassie) and early
Mediterranean Neanderthals (Krapina and Tabun). Although
more than one scenario may account for the pattern seen in
the Neanderthals, the data is consistent with palaeogenetic
evidence suggesting low levels of gene flow between
Neanderthals and modern humans in the Near East after ca.
120-100 ka (thousands of years ago) (with subsequent
introgression of modern human alleles into eastern and
central Europe). Thus, in keeping with previous analyses
that document some modern human features in the Vindija
Neanderthals, the Vindija G(3) sample should not be seen as
representative of 'classic'--that is, unadmixed,
pre-contact--Neanderthal morphology.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.11.010},
Key = {fds240106}
}
@article{fds240075,
Author = {Macias, ME and Wall, CE and Churchill, SE},
Title = {Size and shape in the primate forelimb.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {147},
Pages = {198-199},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000300498700529&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240075}
}
@article{fds240077,
Author = {Walker, CS and Mayer, E and Churchill, SE},
Title = {Morphological correlates of human hip osteoarthritis.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {147},
Pages = {296-296},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000300498701332&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240077}
}
@article{fds240078,
Author = {Yokley, TR and Froehle, AW and Churchill, SE},
Title = {Decreased maintenance energy expenditure in modern human and
the resultant demographic displacement of archaic
humans},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {147},
Pages = {308-309},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000300498701386&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240078}
}
@article{fds240087,
Author = {Desilva, JM and Zipfel, B and Kidd, RS and Carlson, KJ and Churchill,
SE and Berger, LR},
Title = {The primitive aspects of the foot and ankle of
Australopithecus sediba.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {147},
Pages = {129-129},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000300498700219&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240087}
}
@article{fds240091,
Author = {Reed, ND and Churchill, SE},
Title = {Acetabulocristal buttressing in hominins},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {147},
Pages = {246-246},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000300498701112&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240091}
}
@article{fds200683,
Author = {Walker, C.S. and E. Mayer and S.E. Churchill},
Title = {Morphological correlates of osteoarthritis in recent and
fossil humans},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds200683}
}
@misc{fds200658,
Author = {Churchill, S.E. and L.R. Berger and A. Hartstone-Rose and B.H.
Zondo},
Title = {Body size in African Middle Pleistocene Homo},
Pages = {319-346},
Booktitle = {African Genesis: Perspectives on Hominid
Evolution},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Address = {Cambridge},
Editor = {S.C. Reynolds and A. Gallagher},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds200658}
}
@article{fds200681,
Author = {Yokley, T.R. and A.W. Froehle and S.E. Churchill},
Title = {Decreased maintenance energy expenditure in modern humans
and the resultant demographic displacement of archaic
humans},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds200681}
}
@article{fds214227,
Author = {Salem, P.E. and S.E. Churchill},
Title = {Penetration, tissue damage, and lethality of wood- versus
stone-tipped projectiles},
Booktitle = {Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Study of Stone Age
Weaponry},
Publisher = {Springer Press},
Editor = {R. Iovita and K. Sano},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds214227}
}
@article{fds214233,
Author = {Walker, C.S. and S. Sridhar and S.E. Churchill},
Title = {Proximal femoral morphology of Berg Aukas in the context of
global variation among modern humans},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds214233}
}
@article{fds214234,
Author = {Reed, N.D. and S.E. Churchill},
Title = {Shape change in the sacroiliac joint at the emergence of
Homo},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds214234}
}
@article{fds214235,
Author = {Williams, S.A. and S.E. Churchill and K.R. Ostrofsky and P. Schmid and N. Frater and L.R. Berger},
Title = {The number of vertebrae in early hominins: insights from
Australopithecus sediba},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds214235}
}
@article{fds214237,
Author = {Ostrofsky, K.R. and S.E. Churchill},
Title = {Sex determination by discriminant function analysis of
lumbar vertebrae},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds214237}
}
@article{fds240098,
Author = {Pickering, R and Dirks, PHGM and Jinnah, Z and de Ruiter, DJ and Churchil, SE and Herries, AIR and Woodhead, JD and Hellstrom, JC and Berger, LR},
Title = {Australopithecus sediba at 1.977 Ma and implications for the
origins of the genus Homo.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {333},
Number = {6048},
Pages = {1421-1423},
Year = {2011},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000294672200035&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Newly exposed cave sediments at the Malapa site include a
flowstone layer capping the sedimentary unit containing the
Australopithecus sediba fossils. Uranium-lead dating of the
flowstone, combined with paleomagnetic and stratigraphic
analysis of the flowstone and underlying sediments, provides
a tightly constrained date of 1.977 ± 0.002 million years
ago (Ma) for these fossils. This refined dating suggests
that Au. sediba from Malapa predates the earliest
uncontested evidence for Homo in Africa.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1203697},
Key = {fds240098}
}
@article{fds240099,
Author = {Zipfel, B and DeSilva, JM and Kidd, RS and Carlson, KJ and Churchill,
SE and Berger, LR},
Title = {The foot and ankle of Australopithecus sediba.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {333},
Number = {6048},
Pages = {1417-1420},
Year = {2011},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1202703},
Abstract = {A well-preserved and articulated partial foot and ankle of
Australopithecus sediba, including an associated complete
adult distal tibia, talus, and calcaneus, have been
discovered at the Malapa site, South Africa, and reported in
direct association with the female paratype Malapa Hominin
2. These fossils reveal a mosaic of primitive and derived
features that are distinct from those seen in other
hominins. The ankle (talocrural) joint is mostly humanlike
in form and inferred function, and there is some evidence
for a humanlike arch and Achilles tendon. However, Au.
sediba is apelike in possessing a more gracile calcaneal
body and a more robust medial malleolus than expected. These
observations suggest, if present models of foot function are
correct, that Au. sediba may have practiced a unique form of
bipedalism and some degree of arboreality. Given the
combination of features in the Au. sediba foot, as well as
comparisons between Au. sediba and older hominins, homoplasy
is implied in the acquisition of bipedal adaptations in the
hominin foot.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1202703},
Key = {fds240099}
}
@article{fds240100,
Author = {Kivell, TL and Kibii, JM and Churchill, SE and Schmid, P and Berger,
LR},
Title = {Australopithecus sediba hand demonstrates mosaic evolution
of locomotor and manipulative abilities.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {333},
Number = {6048},
Pages = {1411-1417},
Year = {2011},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1202625},
Abstract = {Hand bones from a single individual with a clear taxonomic
affiliation are scarce in the hominin fossil record, which
has hampered understanding the evolution of manipulative
abilities in hominins. Here we describe and analyze a nearly
complete wrist and hand of an adult female [Malapa Hominin 2
(MH2)] Australopithecus sediba from Malapa, South Africa
(1.977 million years ago). The hand presents a suite of
Australopithecus-like features, such as a strong flexor
apparatus associated with arboreal locomotion, and Homo-like
features, such as a long thumb and short fingers associated
with precision gripping and possibly stone tool production.
Comparisons to other fossil hominins suggest that there were
at least two distinct hand morphotypes around the
Plio-Pleistocene transition. The MH2 fossils suggest that
Au. sediba may represent a basal condition associated with
early stone tool use and production.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1202625},
Key = {fds240100}
}
@article{fds240101,
Author = {Kibii, JM and Churchill, SE and Schmid, P and Carlson, KJ and Reed, ND and de Ruiter, DJ and Berger, LR},
Title = {A partial pelvis of Australopithecus sediba.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {333},
Number = {6048},
Pages = {1407-1411},
Year = {2011},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1202521},
Abstract = {The fossil record of the hominin pelvis reflects important
evolutionary changes in locomotion and parturition. The
partial pelves of two individuals of Australopithecus sediba
were reconstructed from previously reported finds and new
material. These remains share some features with
australopiths, such as large biacetabular diameter, small
sacral and coxal joints, and long pubic rami. The specimens
also share derived features with Homo, including more
vertically oriented and sigmoid-shaped iliac blades, greater
robusticity of the iliac body, sinusoidal anterior iliac
borders, shortened ischia, and more superiorly oriented
pubic rami. These derived features appear in a species with
a small adult brain size, suggesting that the birthing of
larger-brained babies was not driving the evolution of the
pelvis at this time.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1202521},
Key = {fds240101}
}
@article{fds240084,
Author = {Walker, CS and Churchill, SE},
Title = {Territory size in Canis lupus: implications for Neandertal
mobility},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {144},
Pages = {302-302},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000288034000899&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240084}
}
@article{fds240089,
Author = {de Ruiter, DJ and Carlson, K and Brophy, J and Carlson, KJ and Churchill, SE and Schmid, P and Kibii, JM and Berger,
LR},
Title = {Craniodental remains of Australopithecus sediba from Malapa,
South Africa.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {144},
Pages = {122-122},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000288034000193&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240089}
}
@article{fds240092,
Author = {Kivell, TL and Kibii, JM and Churchill, SE and Berger,
LR},
Title = {Evolution of the hominin hand: old and new evidence from the
Plio-Pleistocene.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {144},
Pages = {188-188},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000288034000452&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240092}
}
@article{fds200685,
Author = {Zipfel, B. and J.M. DeSilva and R.S. Kidd. K.J. Carlson and S.E.
Churchill, L.R. Berger},
Title = {Tip-toeing into the Pleistocene: the foot and ankle of
Australopithecus sediba},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds200685}
}
@article{fds200686,
Author = {Churchill, S.E. and J.M. Kibii and P. Schmid and K.J. Carlson and N.D.
Reed, D.J. de Ruiter and L.R. Berger},
Title = {Sacroacetabular load transfer and sacral stabilization in
the pelvis of Australopithecus sediba},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds200686}
}
@article{fds200687,
Author = {Macias, M.E. and S.E. Churchill and L.R. Berger},
Title = {Morphological analysis of the elbow joint of
Australopithecus sediba},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds200687}
}
@article{fds200688,
Author = {Reed, N.D. and S.E. Churchill},
Title = {Lateral iliac flare in hominins},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds200688}
}
@article{fds200689,
Author = {Berger, L.R. and J. Kibii and S.E. Churchill and P. Schmid and K.
Carlson, B. de Klerk and D.J. de Ruiter and T. Holliday and T.
Kivell, J. Gurche and B. Zipfel and J. de Silva and R.
Kid},
Title = {New remains of Australopithecus sediba from the Malapa site,
South Africa},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds200689}
}
@article{fds200691,
Author = {Brophy, J.K. and D.J. de Ruiter and L.R. Berger and P. Schmid and S.E. Churchill},
Title = {An examination of hominin tooth morphology using
EFFA},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds200691}
}
@article{fds200692,
Author = {Cuddahee, R. and R. Madden and S.E. Churchill and R.
Bobe},
Title = {Non-dietary abrasives and the dental evolution of
Plio-Pleistocene Suidae (Artiodactyla: Mammalia)},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds200692}
}
@article{fds200693,
Author = {de Ruiter, D. J. and S.E. Churchill and L.R. Berger and P. Schmid and K.J. Carlson and J.M. Kibii},
Title = {Australopithecus sediba: a new species of Homo-like
australopithecine from South Africa},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds200693}
}
@article{fds200699,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {The pelvis of Australopithecus sediba and the evolution of
pelvic architecture in the genus Homo},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds200699}
}
@article{fds200700,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {The locomotor skeleton of Australopithecus
sediba},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds200700}
}
@article{fds200701,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {Locomotion, obstetrics, and the evolution of the Homo
pelvis},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds200701}
}
@misc{fds200672,
Author = {de Klerk, B. and D.J. de Ruiter and S.E. Churchill and L.R.
Berger},
Title = {Australopithecus sediba from Malapa, South
Africa},
Booktitle = {McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology
2011},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds200672}
}
@article{fds240102,
Author = {de Ruiter, DJ and Churchill, SE and Brophy, JK and Berger,
LR},
Title = {Regional survey for Middle Stone Age deposits of the
Virginia-Theunissen area of the Free State},
Journal = {Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum Bloemfontein},
Volume = {27},
Pages = {1-20},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds240102}
}
@article{fds240104,
Author = {Villotte, S and Churchill, SE and Dutour, OJ and Henry-Gambier,
D},
Title = {Subsistence activities and the sexual division of labor in
the European Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic: evidence from
upper limb enthesopathies.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {59},
Number = {1},
Pages = {35-43},
Year = {2010},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.02.001},
Abstract = {Studies of cultural artifacts and faunal remains from
European Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic sites indicate a
shift in hunter gatherer subsistence strategies, involving
an intensification and diversification of resource
exploitation relative to earlier foragers during the
Tardiglacial and Postglacial periods. This trend has been
recognized as well through the analysis of non-pathological
skeletal adaptations of the upper limbs of European Upper
Paleolithic human fossils. These paleoanthropological
studies of adaptive bone modeling also raise the question of
female use of throwing-based weapon technology in the Upper
Paleolithic. Here, we studied another type of osteological
marker of activity, enthesopathies, of the upper limb
remains of 37 European Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic
human fossils, with the goal of testing two hypotheses: 1)
that activity levels were heightened at the end of Upper
Paleolithic and into the Mesolithic relative to earlier
foragers of the Gravettian, and 2) that there was an absence
of a marked sexual division of labor in European
hunter-gatherers during this time span. Our results are
consistent with the first hypothesis; upper limb
enthesopathies are significantly less frequent in the
Gravettian group, but raise doubts about the second
hypothesis. Four males exhibit lesions that can be
confidently associated with throwing activities, while no
females exhibit such lesions.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.02.001},
Key = {fds240104}
}
@article{fds240096,
Author = {Dirks, PHGM and Kibii, JM and Kuhn, BF and Steininger, C and Churchill,
SE and Kramers, JD and Pickering, R and Farber, DL and Mériaux, A-S and Herries, AIR and King, GCP and Berger, LR},
Title = {Geological setting and age of Australopithecus sediba from
southern Africa.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {328},
Number = {5975},
Pages = {205-208},
Year = {2010},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1184950},
Abstract = {We describe the geological, geochronological,
geomorphological, and faunal context of the Malapa site and
the fossils of Australopithecus sediba. The hominins occur
with a macrofauna assemblage that existed in Africa between
2.36 and 1.50 million years ago (Ma). The fossils are
encased in water-laid, clastic sediments that were deposited
along the lower parts of what is now a deeply eroded cave
system, immediately above a flowstone layer with a U-Pb date
of 2.026 +/- 0.021 Ma. The flowstone has a reversed
paleomagnetic signature and the overlying hominin-bearing
sediments are of normal polarity, indicating deposition
during the 1.95- to 1.78-Ma Olduvai Subchron. The two
hominin specimens were buried together in a single debris
flow that lithified soon after deposition in a phreatic
environment inaccessible to scavengers.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1184950},
Key = {fds240096}
}
@article{fds240097,
Author = {Berger, LR and de Ruiter, DJ and Churchill, SE and Schmid, P and Carlson, KJ and Dirks, PHGM and Kibii, JM},
Title = {Australopithecus sediba: a new species of Homo-like
australopith from South Africa.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {328},
Number = {5975},
Pages = {195-204},
Year = {2010},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1184944},
Abstract = {Despite a rich African Plio-Pleistocene hominin fossil
record, the ancestry of Homo and its relation to earlier
australopithecines remain unresolved. Here we report on two
partial skeletons with an age of 1.95 to 1.78 million years.
The fossils were encased in cave deposits at the Malapa site
in South Africa. The skeletons were found close together and
are directly associated with craniodental remains. Together
they represent a new species of Australopithecus that is
probably descended from Australopithecus africanus. Combined
craniodental and postcranial evidence demonstrates that this
new species shares more derived features with early Homo
than any other australopith species and thus might help
reveal the ancestor of that genus.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1184944},
Key = {fds240097}
}
@article{fds240105,
Author = {Hartstone-Rose, A and Werdelin, L and De Ruiter and DJ and Berger, LR and Churchill, SE},
Title = {The Plio-Pleistocene ancestor of wild dogs, Lycaon sekowei
n. sp},
Journal = {Journal of Paleontology},
Volume = {84},
Number = {2},
Pages = {299-308},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {2010},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0022-3360},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/09-124.1},
Abstract = {African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) occupy an ecological niche
characterized by hypercarnivory and cursorial hunting.
Previous interpretations drawn from a limited, mostly
Eurasian fossil record suggest that the evolutionary shift
to cursorial hunting preceded the emergence of
hypercarnivory in the Lycaon lineage. Here we describe
1.91.0ma fossils from two South African sites representing a
putative ancestor of the wild dog. The holotype is a nearly
complete maxilla from Coopers Cave, and another specimen
tentatively assigned to the new taxon, from Gladysvale, is
the most nearly complete mammalian skeleton ever described
from the Sterkfontein Valley, Gauteng, South Africa. The
canid represented by these fossils is larger and more robust
than are any of the other fossil or extant sub-Saharan
canids. Unlike other purported L. pictus ancestors, it has
distinct accessory cusps on its premolars and anterior
accessory cuspids on its lower premolarsa trait unique to
Lycaon among living canids. However, another hallmark
autapomorphy of L. pictus, the tetradactyl manus, is not
found in the new species; the Gladysvale skeleton includes a
large first metacarpal. Thus, the anatomy of this new early
member of the Lycaon branch suggests that, contrary to
previous hypotheses, dietary specialization appears to have
preceded cursorial hunting in the evolution of the Lycaon
lineage. We assign these specimens to the taxon Lycaon
sekowei n. sp. © 2010 The Paleontological
Society.},
Doi = {10.1666/09-124.1},
Key = {fds240105}
}
@article{fds240088,
Author = {Hatala, KG and Churchill, SE and Ullinger, J and Sheridan,
SG},
Title = {Activity-related changes in the geometry, of the proximal
femur: A study of two Near Eastern samples.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {124-124},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000275295200320&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240088}
}
@article{fds200704,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {The social use of projectile weapons},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds200704}
}
@article{fds240103,
Author = {Lewis, PJ and Johnson, E and Buchanan, B and Churchill,
SE},
Title = {The impact of changing grasslands on Late Quaternary bison
of the Southern Plains},
Journal = {Quat. International},
Volume = {217},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {117-130},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {1040-6182},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2009.08.007},
Abstract = {North American bison undergo a dramatic decrease in body
size during the Late Quaternary. While a change in size has
long been recognized, the rate and timing of diminution
recently has become defined better for Southern Plains
bison. Questions regarding what force drove the decrease in
body size, however, continue to generate new hypotheses and
the use of novel methodological approaches. While many
variables influence body size, morphological changes in
bison historically are attributed to either human hunting or
climate change. New data from a sample of metapodials from
well-dated Southern Plains localities depict a rapid
decrease in body size in the early Holocene with modern size
present by 6500 BP. The pattern and rate of evolution on the
Southern Plains is compared to existing hypotheses for bison
diminution over the Late Quaternary. Bison size on the
Southern Plains correlates best with the spread of the C4
ecosystem between ca. 8000 and 6500 BP. C4 grasses are less
nutritious than the C3 grasses they replaced and this
decrease in nutritional value of the bison's primary food
source likely led to the decrease in body size. The
properties of C4 grasses adequately account for the size
reduction of Late Quaternary bison. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd and
INQUA.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2009.08.007},
Key = {fds240103}
}
@article{fds361907,
Author = {Cuddahee, R and Madden, R and Churchill, S and Bobe,
R},
Title = {Non-dietary abrasives and the evolution of hominin
megadonty.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {88-89},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds361907}
}
@article{fds240125,
Author = {Churchill, SE and Franciscus, RG and McKean-Peraza, HA and Daniel,
JA and Warren, BR},
Title = {Shanidar 3 Neandertal rib puncture wound and paleolithic
weaponry.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {57},
Number = {2},
Pages = {163-178},
Year = {2009},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19615713},
Abstract = {Since its discovery and initial description in the 1960s,
the penetrating lesion to the left ninth rib of the Shanidar
3 Neandertal has been a focus for discussion about
interpersonal violence and weapon technology in the Middle
Paleolithic. Recent experimental studies using lithic points
on animal targets suggest that aspects of weapon system
dynamics can be inferred from the form of the bony lesions
they produce. Thus, to better understand the circumstances
surrounding the traumatic injury suffered by Shanidar 3, we
conducted controlled stabbing experiments with replicas of
Mousterian and Levallois points directed against the
thoraces of pig carcasses. Stabs were conducted under both
high and low kinetic energy conditions, in an effort to
replicate the usual impact forces associated with thrusting
spear vs. long-range projectile weapon systems,
respectively. Analysis of the lesions produced in the pig
ribs, along with examination of goat ribs subjected
primarily to high kinetic energy stabs from an independent
experiment, revealed consistent differences in damage
patterns between the two conditions. In the case of Shanidar
3, the lack of major involvement of more than one rib, the
lack of fracturing of the affected and adjacent ribs, and
the lack of bony defects associated with the lesion (such as
wastage, hinging, and radiating fracture lines) suggests
that the weapon that wounded him was carrying relatively low
kinetic energy. While accidental injury or attack with a
thrusting spear or knife cannot absolutely be ruled out, the
position, angulation, and morphology of the lesion is most
consistent with injury by a low-mass, low-kinetic energy
projectile weapon. Given the potential temporal overlap of
Shanidar 3 with early modern humans in western Asia, and the
possibility that the latter were armed with projectile
weapon systems, this case carries more than simple
paleoforensic interest.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.05.010},
Key = {fds240125}
}
@article{fds240108,
Author = {de Ruiter, DJ and Pickering, R and Steininger, CM and Kramers, JD and Hancox, PJ and Churchill, SE and Berger, LR and Backwell,
L},
Title = {New Australopithecus robustus fossils and associated U-Pb
dates from Cooper's Cave (Gauteng, South
Africa).},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {56},
Number = {5},
Pages = {497-513},
Year = {2009},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.01.009},
Abstract = {Australopithecus robustus is one of the best represented
hominin taxa in Africa, with hundreds of specimens recovered
from six fossil localities in the Bloubank Valley area of
Gauteng Province, South Africa. However, precise
geochronological ages are presently lacking for these fossil
cave infills. In this paper, we provide a detailed
geological background to a series of hominin fossils
retrieved from the newly investigated deposit of Cooper's D
(located partway between Sterkfontein and Kromdraai in the
Bloubank Valley), including uranium-lead (U-Pb) ages for
speleothem material associated with A. robustus. U-Pb dating
of a basal speleothem underlying the entire deposit results
in a maximum age of 1.526 (+/-0.088) Ma for Cooper's D. A
second U-Pb date of ca. 1.4 Ma is produced from a flowstone
layer above this basal speleothem; since this upper
flowstone is not a capping flowstone, and fossiliferous
sediments are preserved above this layer, some of the
hominins might be slightly younger than the calculated age.
As a result, we can broadly constrain the age of the
hominins from Cooper's D to between 1.5 and approximately
1.4 Ma. Extinct fauna recorded in this comparatively young
deposit raise the possibility that the Bloubank Valley
region of South Africa represented a more stable
environmental refugium for taxa relative to tectonically
more active East Africa. The sediments of the deposit likely
infilled rapidly during periods when arid conditions
prevailed in the paleoenvironment, although it is unclear
whether sediment deposition and bone deposition were
necessarily contemporaneous occurrences. We reconstruct the
paleoenvironment of Cooper's D as predominantly grassland,
with nearby woodlands and a permanent water source. The
hominin teeth recovered from Cooper's D are all from
juveniles and can be confidently assigned to A. robustus. In
addition, two juvenile mandibular fragments and an adult
thoracic vertebra are tentatively attributed to A.
robustus.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.01.009},
Key = {fds240108}
}
@article{fds240111,
Author = {Rhodes, JA and Churchill, SE},
Title = {Throwing in the Middle and Upper Paleolithic: inferences
from an analysis of humeral retroversion.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {56},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-10},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.08.022},
Abstract = {When in evolutionary history did long-range projectile
weapons become an important component of hunting toolkits?
The archeological evidence for the development of projectile
weaponry is complex and generally indirect, and has led to
different conclusions about the origin and spread of this
technology. Lithic evidence from the Middle Stone Age (MSA)
has led some researchers to suggest that true long- range
projectile weaponry developed in Africa perhaps as early as
80,000 years ago, and was part of the subsistence toolkit
carried by modern humans who expanded out of Africa after
50,000 years ago. Alternatively, temporal patterns in the
morphology of pointed lithics has led others to posit an
independent, convergent origin of projectile weaponry in
Africa, the Near East, and Europe during the interval
between 50,000-40,000 years ago. By either scenario,
projectile weapons would not have been a component of the
hunting arsenal of Neandertals, but may have been in use by
European early modern humans and thus, projectile technology
may have entered into the competitive dynamics that existed
between these two groups. The origins of projectile weapons
can be addressed, in part, through analyses of the skeletal
remains of the prehistoric humans who made and used them.
Habitual behavior patterns--including those related to the
production and use of technology--can be imprinted on the
skeleton through both genetic and epigenetic pathways.
Recent studies in the field of sports medicine indicate that
individuals who engage in habitual throwing have increased
humeral retroversion angles in their throwing arms and a
greater degree of bilateral asymmetry in retroversion angles
than do non-throwers. This contribution investigates humeral
torsion through analysis of the retroversion angle in
samples of Eurasian Neandertals, European early modern
humans of the middle and late Upper Paleolithic, and
comparative samples of recent humans. This analysis was
conducted under the assumption that if throwing-based
projectile weaponry was used by early modern Europeans but
not Neandertals, Upper Paleolithic samples should be similar
to recent human groups engaged in habitual throwing in the
degree of humeral retroversion in the dominant limb and in
bilateral asymmetry in this feature. Neandertals on the
other hand, would not be expected to show marked asymmetry
in humeral retroversion. Consistent with other studies,
Neandertals exhibit increased retroversion angles (decreased
humeral torsion or a more posteriorly oriented humeral head)
relative to most modern human samples, although this appears
more likely related to body form and overall activity levels
than to habitual throwing. Although Neandertals with
bilaterally preserved humeri sufficient for measurement are
rare (consisting of only two males and one female), levels
of bilateral asymmetry in humeral retroversion are low,
suggesting a lack of regular throwing. While patterning
across fossil and comparative samples in levels of humeral
retroversion was not clear cut, males of both the middle and
late Upper Paleolithic demonstrate a high level of bilateral
asymmetry, comparable to or in excess of that seen in
samples of throwing athletes. This may indicate habitual use
of throwing-based projectile weaponry by middle Upper
Paleolithic times. Small sample sizes and relatively great
variance in the fossil samples makes these results, however,
suggestive rather than conclusive.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.08.022},
Key = {fds240111}
}
@misc{fds240086,
Author = {Churchill, SE and Rhodes, JA},
Title = {The Evolution of the Human Capacity for “Killing at a
Distance”: The Human Fossil Evidence for the Evolution of
Projectile Weaponry},
Pages = {201-210},
Booktitle = {Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology},
Publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
Editor = {J.J. Hublin and M.P. Richards},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9781402096983},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000269825000015&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Recent analyses of MSA and Middle Paleolithic points suggest
that true long-range projectile weaponry — most likely in
the form of spearthrower-delivered darts — evolved in
Africa sometime between 90–70 ky BP, and was part of the
tool kit of modern humans who expanded out of Africa after
this time. This possibility has important implications for
our understanding of behavior change during the MSA, the
evolution of modern human predatory behavior and subsistence
strategies, and the nature of the competitive interactions
that occurred between modern humans and the archaic humans
they encountered on their diaspora from Africa. Research
into the origins of projectile weapons can be informed by
analyses of the skeletal remains of the prehistoric humans
who made and used them, since habitual behavior patterns —
especially biomechanically stressful actions like forceful
throwing — can be imprinted on the skeleton through both
genetic and epigenetic pathways. Previous analyses of
humeral diaphyseal geometry in Neandertals and early modern
Europeans concluded that habitual, forceful throwing is
reflected in the fossil record only after 20 ky BP,
suggesting a relatively late origin of projectile weaponry.
In contrast, recent work on humeral torsion angles in these
same groups reveals some evidence to suggest that
throwing-based projectile weaponry was commonly used by the
earliest modern Europeans. Other aspects of the skeleton,
such as scapular glenoid fossa and ulnar supinator crest
morphology, might contain a signature of habitual throwing,
but have not yet been examined. Here we analyze variation in
scapular and ulnar morphology within and between groups of
fossil and recent humans relative to the question of the
origins of projectile weaponry. Although the results are not
clear-cut, the overall pattern of osteological indicators is
consistent with the claim that projectile weapons arose in
the African later MSA and moved into Europe in the hands of
modern humans.},
Doi = {10.1007/978-1-4020-9699-0_15},
Key = {fds240086}
}
@article{fds169821,
Author = {Churchill, S.E. and R.G. Franciscus and H.A. McKean-Peraza and J.A.
Daniel and B.R. Warren},
Title = {The Shanidar 3 Neandertal rib puncture wound and Paleolithic
weaponry.},
Journal = {J. Hum. Evol.},
Volume = {57},
Pages = {163-178},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds169821}
}
@article{fds169831,
Author = {Cuddahee, R.E. and R.H. Madden and R. Bobe and S.E.
Churchill},
Title = {All the dirt on megadontia: Earth surface processes in
hominin evolution},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds169831}
}
@article{fds154967,
Author = {Yokley, T.R. and N.E. Holton and R.G. Franciscus and S.E.
Churchill},
Title = {The role of body mass in the evolution of the modern human
nasofacial skeleton},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds154967}
}
@article{fds240107,
Author = {Froehle, AW and Churchill, SE},
Title = {Energetic competition between Neandertals and anatomically
modern humans},
Journal = {Paleoanthropology},
Pages = {96-116},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds240107}
}
@article{fds240109,
Author = {de Ruiter, DJ and Brophy, JK and Lewis, PJ and Churchill, SE and Berger,
LR},
Title = {Faunal assemblage composition and paleoenvironment of
Plovers Lake, a Middle Stone Age locality in Gauteng
Province, South Africa.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {55},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1102-1117},
Year = {2008},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.07.011},
Abstract = {Plovers Lake is a dolomitic cave infill located
approximately 45km northwest of Johannesburg in the Bloubank
Valley, Gauteng Province, South Africa. Excavations between
2002-2004 revealed a rich and diverse fauna, a
moderate-sized stone tool assemblage of Middle Stone Age
(MSA) character, and human skeletal remains. Two principal
depositional units are recognized: 1) a disturbed ex situ
component that was likely displaced from 2) an otherwise
relatively undisturbed in situ component from which the
human skeletal material was recovered. The in situ
depositional unit is bracketed by 2 flowstone layers, with
U-series dates of 62.9 (+/-1.3)ka for the capping flowstone
and 88.7 (+/-1.6)ka for the underlying flowstone. A single
isochron ESR date of 75.6 (+/-5.6)ka corroborates the
U-series dates. This paper presents an analysis of the
mammalian, bird, and reptile faunas recovered from these two
units. The two faunal assemblages show close correspondence
in taphonomic, taxonomic, and ecological composition,
supporting a common origin for both the ex situ and in situ
components. Although human skeletal material, cut-marked
bone, and stone tools have been recovered, these indications
are too rare to consider Plovers Lake a human occupation
site. Instead, a high abundance of carnivores, coprolites,
and carnivore damaged bones point to brown hyenas as the
principal, though not exclusive, bone accumulating agent. In
the absence of a significant taphonomic bias relating to
accumulating agent, Plovers Lake allows us to document an
environment occupied by MSA humans, even if the humans were
not resident in the cave itself. We reconstruct the
paleoenvironment of Plovers Lake as predominantly grassland,
though it was colder, moister, and more wooded than at
present. Paleoclimatic conditions appear to have been as
different from historic norms as those seen in several
fossil localities in the Western Cape, pointing to greater
environmental heterogeneity than has previously been
documented for the region in the later Pleistocene.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.07.011},
Key = {fds240109}
}
@article{fds240112,
Author = {Berger, LR and Churchill, SE and De Klerk and B and Quinn,
RL},
Title = {Small-bodied humans from Palau, Micronesia.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {3},
Number = {3},
Pages = {e1780},
Year = {2008},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1932-6203},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/4484 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {<h4>Unlabelled</h4>Newly discovered fossil assemblages of
small bodied Homo sapiens from Palau, Micronesia possess
characters thought to be taxonomically primitive for the
genus Homo.<h4>Background</h4>Recent surface collection and
test excavation in limestone caves in the rock islands of
Palau, Micronesia, has produced a sizeable sample of human
skeletal remains dating roughly between 940-2890 cal
ybp.<h4>Principle findings</h4>Preliminary analysis
indicates that this material is important for two reasons.
First, individuals from the older time horizons are small in
body size even relative to "pygmoid" populations from
Southeast Asia and Indonesia, and thus may represent a
marked case of human insular dwarfism. Second, while
possessing a number of derived features that align them with
Homo sapiens, the human remains from Palau also exhibit
several skeletal traits that are considered to be primitive
for the genus Homo.<h4>Significance</h4>These features may
be previously unrecognized developmental correlates of small
body size and, if so, they may have important implications
for interpreting the taxonomic affinities of fossil
specimens of Homo.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0001780},
Key = {fds240112}
}
@article{fds154959,
Author = {Holt, B. and S.E. Churchill},
Title = {A biomechanical study of limb robusticity in "L’Homme de
la Grotte du Bichon" (Switzerland)},
Booktitle = {La Grotte du Bichon: un Site Préhistorique des Montagnes
Neuchâteloises.},
Publisher = {Office et musée cantonal d’archéologie (Archéologie
neuchâteloise, 42)},
Editor = {F.-X. Chauviere},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds154959}
}
@article{fds154966,
Author = {Steininger, C. and D. deRuiter, R. Pickering and S.E. Churchill and L. Berger},
Title = {New hominin specimens from Cooper’s Cave, South
Africa},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds154966}
}
@article{fds323457,
Author = {Hartstone-Rose, A and De Ruiter and DJ and Berger, LR and Churchill,
SE},
Title = {A sabre-tooth felid from Coopers Cave (Gauteng, South
Africa) and its implications for Megantereon (Felidae:
Machairodontinae) taxonomy},
Journal = {Palaeontologia Africana},
Volume = {42},
Pages = {99-108},
Year = {2007},
Month = {May},
Abstract = {Metrical and morphological analysis of a new sabre-tooth
felid mandible recovered from the Plio-Pleistocene
hominid-bearing site of Coopers, South Africa, indicates
that it can be assigned to the genus Megantereon, though it
is by some measures the smallest individual of this taxon
yet described. Comparison of morphological variability
within this genus to that found within four extant,
medium-sized felid species (Acinonyx jubatus, Neofelis
nebulosa, Panthera pardus and P. uncia) and the extinct
genus Smilodon (sister taxon of Megantereon) provides
confirmation of the suggestion by Martínez-Navarro &
Palmqvist (1995, 1996) that Megantereon is a geographically
polymorphic genus comprised of at least two species: M.
cultridens (Cuvier, 1824) of North America and Europe and M.
whitei (Broom, 1937) of Africa and Europe.},
Key = {fds323457}
}
@misc{fds141853,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {Endocrine models of skeletal robusticity and the origins of
gracility},
Pages = {337-369},
Booktitle = {Human Origins, Genome and People of India: Genomic,
Palaeontological and Archaeological Perspectives},
Publisher = {Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd},
Editor = {A.R. Sankhyan and V.R. Rao},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds141853}
}
@article{fds240113,
Author = {Lewis, PJ and Johnson, E and Buchanan, B and Churchill,
SE},
Title = {The evolution of Bison bison: A view from the Southern
Plains},
Journal = {Bull. Texas Arch. Soc.},
Volume = {78},
Pages = {197-204},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds240113}
}
@article{fds240114,
Author = {Hartstone Rose and A and de Ruiter, DJ and Berger, LR and Churchill,
SE},
Title = {A saber-tooth felid from Coopers Cave (Gauteng, South
Africa) and its implications for Megantereon
taxonomy},
Journal = {Paleontologica Africana},
Volume = {42},
Pages = {99-108},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds240114}
}
@article{fds240117,
Author = {Yokley, TR and Churchill, SE},
Title = {Archaic and modern human distal humeral morphology.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {51},
Number = {6},
Pages = {603-616},
Year = {2006},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16959299},
Abstract = {The morphology of the proximal ulna has been shown to
effectively differentiate archaic or premodern humans (such
as Homo heidelbergensis and H. neanderthalensis) from modern
humans (H. sapiens). Accordingly, the morphology of
adjacent, articulating elements should be able to
distinguish these two broad groups as well. Here we test the
taxonomic utility of another portion of the elbow, the
distal humerus, as a discriminator of archaic and modern
humans. Principal components analysis was employed on a
suite of log-raw and log-shape distal humeral measures to
examine differences between Neandertal and modern human
distal humeri. In addition, the morphological affinities of
Broken Hill (Kabwe) E.898, an archaic human distal humeral
fragment from the middle Pleistocene of Zambia, and five
Pliocene and early Pleistocene australopith humeri were
assessed. The morphometric analyses effectively
differentiated the Neandertals from the other groups, while
the Broken Hill humerus appears morphologically similar to
modern human distal humeri. Thus, an archaic/modern human
dichotomy-as previously reported for proximal ulnar
morphology-is not supported with respect to distal humeral
morphology. Relative to australopiths and modern humans,
Neandertal humeri are characterized by large olecranon
fossae and small distodorsal medial and lateral pillars. The
seeming disparity in morphological affinities of proximal
ulnae (in which all archaic human groups appear distinct
from modern humans) and distal humeri (in which Neandertals
appear distinct from modern humans, but other archaic humans
do not) is probably indicative of a highly variable,
possibly transitional population of which our knowledge is
hampered by sample-size limitations imposed by the scarcity
of middle-to-late Pleistocene premodern human fossils
outside of Europe.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.07.006},
Key = {fds240117}
}
@article{fds240116,
Author = {Churchill, SE and Rhodes, JA},
Title = {How strong were the Neandertals? Leverage and muscularity at
the shoulder and elbow in mousterian foragers},
Journal = {Periodicum Biologorum},
Volume = {108},
Number = {4},
Pages = {457-470},
Year = {2006},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0031-5362},
Abstract = {Strength - the ability to exert relatively large forces on
objects in the external world -was lively a critical
component of Neandertal adaptation to Pleistocene Eurasia.
Neandertal postcranial skeletons tend to be robust,
reflecting a body that was well adapted to generating and
withstanding large forces. A consideration of the size of
muscle attachment sites and of mechanical advantage (or
leverage) in the upper limb of Neandertals, early modern
humans and recent human samples reveals pronounced upper
body strength in the Neandertals relative to most modern
humans. Upper body strength was probably important to
hunting success in the context of close-range hunting with
hand-delivered weapons, and greater strength probably
increased the diversity of prey species the Neandertals
could hunt. Long-range projectile weaponry, as possibly
employed by early modern humans, would have relaxed to a
great degree the need for upper body strength in hunting
success.},
Key = {fds240116}
}
@misc{fds335469,
Author = {Churchill, SE},
Title = {Bioenergetic perspectives on Neanderthal thermoregulatory
and activity budgets},
Pages = {113-133},
Booktitle = {Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology},
Publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9781402051203},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5121-0_7},
Abstract = {The study of adaptation in Neanderthals is confounded by
equifinality – the existence of multiple adaptive pathways
to the same morphological end state – manifest as an
inability to discriminate between equally likely selective
agents behind a given trait. The capacious chests of
Neanderthals serve as one example, possibly representing an
adaptation either to cold or to high activity levels. While
single features may be adaptive in multiple contexts, their
relative adaptive value may vary greatly between contexts.
Without means of evaluating competing adaptive arguments, we
have little hope of identifying the primary selective agents
that operated on Neanderthal body form. Bioenergetics
provides a basis for quantifying the costs and benefits of
various adaptive solutions to a given environmental
challenge – thus providing potential for resolving issues
of equifinality. Evaluating claims of cold-adapted
morphology in Neanderthals involves determining the
energetic costs of adhering to Bergmann's and Allen's rules.
Skin surface area (SA) is the major determinant of basal
metabolic rate (BMR) in mammals, thus estimating Neanderthal
SA allows an estimate of the caloric cost of their
coldadapted body form. Clinical equations exist for
estimating SA from stature and mass, but these have never
been tested on humans of extreme (i.e., “hyper-arctic”)
body form. A half-size reconstruction of a male European
Neanderthal was used to test the utility of these formulae:
results indicate that they can be used confidently to
predict Neanderthal SA. Based on Neanderthals for whom mass
and stature can be reasonably estimated, mean SA is greater
than that of Inuit of comparable stature, and suggests
higher BMRs in Neanderthals than reported in previous
studies.},
Doi = {10.1007/978-1-4020-5121-0_7},
Key = {fds335469}
}
@article{fds240090,
Author = {Brophy, JK and de Ruiter, DJ and Churchill, SE and Berger,
LR},
Title = {Accumulating agent and paleoenvironment of the
hominin-bearing site of Plovers Lake, South
Africa.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {69-69},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000235661100057&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240090}
}
@misc{fds53072,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {Comment on “The missing Mousterian” by H.L. Dibble and
S.P. McPherron.},
Journal = {Curr. Anthropol.},
Volume = {47},
Pages = {786-787},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds53072}
}
@misc{fds53073,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {Comment on “Modern human versus Neandertal evolutionary
distinctiveness” by E. Trinkaus.},
Journal = {Curr. Anthropol.},
Volume = {47},
Pages = {609},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds53073}
}
@misc{fds53061,
Author = {Holliday, T.W. and S.E. Churchill},
Title = {Mustelid hunting by recent foragers and the detection of
trapping in the European Paleolithic},
Series = {British Archaeological Reports},
Booktitle = {Palaeolithic Zooarchaeology: Approaches to Understanding
Pleistocene Faunal Assemblages},
Editor = {J. Haws and J.-P. Brugal and B. Hockett},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds53061}
}
@article{fds53074,
Author = {Lewis, P.J. and E. Johnson and B. Buchanan and S.E.
Churchill},
Title = {The impact of changing grasslands on Bison},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds53074}
}
@article{fds53078,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {The mean streets of glacial Europe},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds53078}
}
@article{fds53076,
Author = {Holt, B.M. and F. Negrino and V. Formicola and J. Riel-Salvatore and S.E. Churchill and G. Vicino and A. Del Lucchese},
Title = {The Mousterian-Aurignacian transition at the Riparo Bombrini
(Liguria, Italy) rock shelter},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds53076}
}
@article{fds53077,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {The cost of living in Ice Age Europe},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds53077}
}
@article{fds53079,
Author = {Riel-Salvatore, J. and S.E. Churchill and A. Del Lucchese and V.
Formicola, B.M. Holt and F. Negrino and G. Vicino},
Title = {All in due time: New data on the chronology of the Early
Upper Paleolithic and Late Mousterian in peninsular
Italy},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds53079}
}
@article{fds53081,
Author = {Churchill, S.E. and J.A. Rhodes},
Title = {The evolution of the human capacity for “killing at a
distance”: The human fossil evidence for the evolution of
projectile weaponry},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds53081}
}
@article{fds53082,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {Discussant: Behavioral reconstruction in
paleoanthropology},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds53082}
}
@misc{fds53063,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {Bioenergetic perspectives on Neandertal thermoregulatory and
activity budgets},
Pages = {113-133},
Booktitle = {Neanderthals Revisited: New Approaches and
Perspectives},
Publisher = {New York: Springer},
Editor = {K. Harvati and T. Harrison},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds53063}
}
@article{fds44594,
Author = {Churchill, S.E. and J.A. Rhodes},
Title = {Osteological approaches to the evolution of projectile
weaponry},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds44594}
}
@article{fds44595,
Author = {Barrickman, N.L. and P. Lewis and L.R. Berger and S.E.
Churchill},
Title = {GIS at Plovers Lake: Database for spatial analysis and
reconstruction of a Middle Stone Age site in South
Africa},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds44595}
}
@article{fds44598,
Author = {Churchill, S.E. and L.R. Berger and B.H. Zondo},
Title = {Body size and shape in southern African Middle Pleistocene
Homo},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds44598}
}
@article{fds240115,
Author = {Brophy, JK and de Ruiter, DJ and Lewis, PJ and Churchill, SE and Berger,
LR},
Title = {Preliminary investigation of the new Middle Stone Age site
of Plovers Lake, South Africa},
Journal = {Curr. Res. Pleistocene},
Volume = {23},
Pages = {41-43},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds240115}
}
@article{fds44597,
Author = {Skinner, A.R. and S.E. Churchill and L.R. Berger},
Title = {Dating at Plovers Lake by electron spin resonance},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds44597}
}
@article{fds32389,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {Bioenergetic perspectives on Neandertal thermoregulatory and
activity budgets},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds32389}
}
@article{fds240110,
Author = {Churchill, SE and Shackelford, LL and Georgi, JN and Black,
MT},
Title = {Morphological variation and airflow dynamics in the human
nose.},
Journal = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of
the Human Biology Council},
Volume = {16},
Number = {6},
Pages = {625-638},
Year = {2004},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1042-0533},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15495233},
Abstract = {Airflow dynamics are recognized as being important to the
functioning of the human nose in conditioning and filtering
inspired air, yet these dynamics are poorly understood.
Despite considerable research on airflow dynamics by
otolaryngologists, respiratory physiologists, and
toxicologists, major disagreements remain about the nature
of airflow in the human nose. Specifically, there is little
consensus about the character of nasal airflow regimes
(laminar or turbulent) and about the major pathways of
airflow through the internal chamber. Additionally, a number
of features in the human nose have been argued to enhance
airflow turbulence, thus increasing the exposure of moving
air to the nasal mucosa and facilitating heat and moisture
exchange in cold and/or dry climates. These features
include: an inferior orientation of the nares; a nasal sill
that is high relative to the floor of the internal nasal
chamber; a nasal valve that is small in cross-sectional area
relative to that of the internal chamber; and large,
projecting conchae. The claim that these features affect
airflow dynamics has never been tested. To clarify the
nature of human nasal airflow and to test these claims of
functional significance to nasal variation, we studied
airflow across physiological flow rates using water and dye
flowing through anatomically accurate acrylic models of
human nasal air passageways (with adjustment of water flow
rates to maintain dynamic similarity). The models were
derived from direct casting of the nasal passageways of 10
Caucasian ("leptorrhine") cadavers (six male, four female).
Measures of naris angle, nasal sill height, nasal valve area
relative to internal chamber cross-sectional area, and
relative projection of the inferior and middle turbinates
were taken directly on the resulting casts. The
relationships between aspects of nasal morphology and
turbulent air flow were evaluated by examining the flow
regimes (laminar, semiturbulent, or turbulent) at varying
flow rates, with the expectation that the greater the
development of the proposed turbulence-enhancing features
the slower the flow rate at which flow would shift from one
regime to another. Flow characteristics (both flow regimes
and principal pathways) were highly variable within our
sample. The relative projection of the inferior turbinate
was the only variable that significantly affected the flow
rate at which flow became turbulent. However, more
projecting turbinates appear to laminate flow rather than to
induce turbulence. Nostril orientation was moderately
correlated with flow dynamics (with more inferiorly directed
nares producing turbulence at slower flow rates), but this
correlation was not statistically significant. Relative
nasal valve area and nasal sill height were unrelated to
turbulence in our models.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajhb.20074},
Key = {fds240110}
}
@article{fds361908,
Author = {Fleschner, KA and Hartman, CD and Lewis, PJ and Steininger, CM and Berger, LR and Churchill, S},
Title = {Preliminary taphonomic analysis of microfaunal assemblage
from Coopers D deposit, Gauteng Province, South
Africa},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {95-95},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds361908}
}
@article{fds28363,
Author = {Lewis, P.J. and C.M. Steininger and N. Barrickman and L.R. Berger and S.E. Churchill},
Title = {A preliminary assessment of the microfaunal assemblage from
the Coopers D deposit, Gauteng, South Africa},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds28363}
}
@article{fds28391,
Author = {Miller, S.F. and T.R. Yokley and S.E. Churchill and R.G. Franciscus and J-J. Hublin and K.L. Eaves-Johnson},
Title = {Reconstruction of the vocal tract in fossil humans: past
results and future directions},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds28391}
}
@article{fds240124,
Author = {Brink, and S, J and Berger, LR and Churchill, SE and Rossouw, L and d,
DSN},
Title = {Mid-Late Quaternary mammalian fossils from the Sand River
drainage, Free State Province, central southern
Africa},
Journal = {Paleontol. Afr.},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds240124}
}
@article{fds361909,
Author = {Churchill, and E, S and Wall, CE and d, DSN},
Title = {Bone strength to body size scaling in nonweight-bearing
structures: Constraints on size and relative strength of the
human humerus},
Journal = {Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds361909}
}
@article{fds361910,
Author = {Churchill, and E, S and Brink, JS and d, LTGN},
Title = {A gnu perspective on skeletal gracilization in the genus
Homo},
Journal = {Nature},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds361910}
}
@article{fds240141,
Author = {Schmitt, D and Churchill, SE and Hylander, WL},
Title = {Experimental evidence concerning spear use in Neandertals
and early modern humans},
Journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science},
Volume = {30},
Number = {1},
Pages = {103-114},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jasc.2001.0814},
Abstract = {Can a bimanual activity such as thrusting a spear during
hunting produce bilateral asymmetries in the strength of the
upper limbs? This question is important to arguments about
the predatory capabilities of Neandertals and early modern
humans. To address this question, we determined the
magnitude and direction of reaction forces on the upper
limbs during thrusting spear use. We collected lateral video
records of eight adults thrusting an instrumented aluminum
rod into a padded target. This "spear" was instrumented with
two sets of four strain gauges placed at two positions along
the shaft to register the force along the shaft and the
distribution of those forces relative to the two limbs. From
the gauge output and video we were able to calculate loads
experienced by the trailing limb (holding the proximal
spear) and the leading limb (holding the distal spear) as
well as approximate bending moments along the trailing limb.
The trailing limb provides a significantly greater portion
of the force during spear impact and when the spear is held
forcefully on the target. The loads on this limb at spear
impact are twice body weight and the bending moments on the
trailing humerus are large and appear to occur primarily in
the parasagittal plane. These data, in combination with
fossil humeral cross-sectional data and the lack of evidence
for throwing spears among Eurasian Neandertals, suggest that
previously documented humeral strength asymmetries in
Eurasian Neandertals and early Upper Palcolithic Modern
human males can be plausibly linked to spear thrusting. ©
2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1006/jasc.2001.0814},
Key = {fds240141}
}
@article{fds240074,
Author = {Berger, LR and Churchill, SE and de Ruiter, DJ},
Title = {Plover's Lake: A hominin-bearing Middle Stone Age site in
the Witwatersrand Area, South africa.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {65-65},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000181670000041&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240074}
}
@article{fds240080,
Author = {Miller, SF and Yokley, TR and Churchill, SE and Franciscus, RG and Hublin, JJ and Eaves-Johnson, KL},
Title = {A new technique for reconstructing the vocal anatomy of
fossil humans.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {151-152},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000181670000377&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240080}
}
@article{fds28237,
Author = {Holliday, T.W. and S.E. Churchill},
Title = {Gough's Cave 1 (Somerset, England): an assessment of body
size and shape},
Volume = {58},
Series = {Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Lond (Geol.)},
Pages = {37-44},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds28237}
}
@article{fds28238,
Author = {Trinkaus, E. and C.B. Stringer and L. Humphrey and S.E. Churchill and R.G. Tague},
Title = {Gough's Cave 1 (Somerset, England): an assessment of sex and
age at death},
Volume = {58},
Series = {Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Lond. (Geol.)},
Pages = {45-50},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds28238}
}
@misc{fds141850,
Author = {Trinkaus, E. and Churchill, S.E. and Holt, B. and C.B.
Ruff},
Title = {Patterns of diaphyseal cross-sectional geometry between
central and western European Early/Middle Palaeolithic
humans},
Pages = {75-86},
Booktitle = {Changements Biologiques et Culturels en Europe de la Fin du
Paléolithique Moyen au Néolithique.},
Publisher = {Université de Bordeaux I},
Editor = {J. Bruzek and B. Vandermeersch and M.D. Garralda},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds141850}
}
@article{fds28365,
Author = {Holt, B.M. and S.E. Churchill and F. Negrino and V. Formicola and G.
Vicino, P. Pettit and A. Del Lucchese},
Title = {New evidence of the Middle- Upper Paleolithic transition
from Riparo Bombrini (Grimaldi, Italy)},
Year = {2003},
url = {http://www.paleoanthro.org/abst2003.htm},
Key = {fds28365}
}
@article{fds28392,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {Projectile weapon use among archaic and early modern
humans},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds28392}
}
@article{fds240095,
Author = {Churchill, SE},
Title = {Of Assegais and Bayonets: Reconstructing Prehistoric Spear
Use},
Journal = {Evolutionary Anthropology},
Volume = {11},
Number = {5},
Pages = {185-186},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2002},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1060-1538},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.10027},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.10027},
Key = {fds240095}
}
@article{fds240123,
Author = {Franciscus, RG and Churchill, SE},
Title = {The costal skeleton of Shanidar 3 and a reappraisal of
Neandertal thoracic morphology.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {42},
Number = {3},
Pages = {303-356},
Year = {2002},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhev.2001.0528},
Abstract = {For over a century, Neandertal rib remains have engendered
frequent discussions of "barrel-shaped" thoraces, largely in
the absence of systematic comparison and hard data. We
present here a description of the relatively complete
ribcage of the Near Eastern Shanidar 3 Neandertal. We also
furnish metric and non-metric comparisons of the Shanidar 3
ribs with other Near Eastern and European Neandertals, the
Nariokotome (Homo erectus/ergaster) specimen, Levantine
archaic/early modern humans, early and later European modern
humans, and a sample of recent Euroamerican males. It is
clear from these comparisons that Neandertals share with
modern humans the fundamentally human thoracic "bauplan"
that first evolved in the early Pleistocene. Yet it is also
apparent that the ribcage of Neandertals differ in several
anatomical details from those of fully modern humans. Rib
curvature, posterior angle, mid-shaft cross-sectional size
and shape, and muscle scarring varies considerably among
Neandertals and across all samples when considered in
isolated ribs. However, normalized metric and discrete
patterning across the greater thorax clearly distinguishes
Neandertals from our comparative samples. This is most
marked in the inferior thorax where Neandertals (and
probably earlier Homo) exhibit larger, more rounded and
rugose ribs, and a greater costal area (thoracic volume).
Greater lower rib cross-sectional robusticity and muscle
scarring indicates relatively elevated ventilatory levels.
Greater thoracic volume in Neandertals probably reflects
greater body mass compared with modern humans since lung
volume scales isometrically to body mass among mammals.
Neandertal and modern human pulmonary capacity, normalized
for body mass differences, was therefore roughly equivalent
in the context of detailed differences in thoracic shape. To
the extent that cold-climate adaptation is involved, Near
Eastern Neandertals appear less "hyper-polar" in thoracic
shape than their European counterparts as is also true for
several other body proportion measures that are clinally
distributed across the known Neandertal range.},
Doi = {10.1006/jhev.2001.0528},
Key = {fds240123}
}
@article{fds240082,
Author = {Yokley, TR and Churchill, SE},
Title = {Archaic and modern human distal humeral morphology.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {169-169},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000174609700562&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240082}
}
@article{fds28241,
Author = {Churchill, S.E. and T.W. Holliday},
Title = {Gough's Cave 1 (Somerset, England): a study of the axial
skeleton},
Volume = {58},
Series = {Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Lond. (Geol.)},
Pages = {1-11},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds28241}
}
@misc{fds28240,
Author = {Churchill, S.E. and D. Schmitt},
Title = {Biomechanics in palaeoanthropology: Engineering and
experimental approaches to the study of behavioural
evolution in the genus Homo},
Pages = {71-102},
Booktitle = {New Perspectives in Primate Evolution and
Behaviour},
Publisher = {West Yorkshire: Westbury},
Editor = {C.S. Harcourt and B.R. Sherwood},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds28240}
}
@article{fds28368,
Author = {Churchill, S.E. and P.J. Lewis and B. Buchanan and E.
Johnson},
Title = {Changing bone robusticity in late Quaternary
bison},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds28368}
}
@article{fds28393,
Author = {Churchill, S.E. and L.R. Berger},
Title = {Southern African endemism and modern human
origins},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds28393}
}
@article{fds28394,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {Neandertal and Cro-magnon predatory behavior and the
evolution of projectile weaponry},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds28394}
}
@article{fds240118,
Author = {Churchill, SE},
Title = {Hand morphology, manipulation, and tool use in Neandertals
and early modern humans of the Near East.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {98},
Number = {6},
Pages = {2953-2955},
Year = {2001},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11248011},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.061032198},
Key = {fds240118}
}
@article{fds28242,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {Gough's Cave 1 (Somerset, England): a study of the pectoral
girdle and upper limbs},
Volume = {57},
Series = {Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Lond. (Geol.)},
Pages = {95-107},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds28242}
}
@article{fds28243,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {The Creswellian (Pleistocene) human upper limb remains from
Gough's Cave (Somerset, England)},
Volume = {57},
Series = {Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Lond. (Geol.)},
Pages = {7-24},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds28243}
}
@article{fds28370,
Author = {Holliday, T.W. and S.E. Churchill},
Title = {Mustelidae and the detection of trapping in Pleistocene
contexts},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds28370}
}
@article{fds240122,
Author = {Churchill, SE and Smith, FH},
Title = {A modern human humerus from the early aurignacian of
Vogelherdhöhle (Stetten, Germany).},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {112},
Number = {2},
Pages = {251-273},
Year = {2000},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10813706},
Abstract = {Implicit in much of the discussion of the cultural and
population biological dynamics of modern human origins in
Europe is the assumption that the Aurignacian, from its very
start, was made by fully modern humans. The veracity of this
assumption has been challenged in recent years by the
association of Neandertal skeletal remains with a possibly
Aurignacian assemblage at Vindija Cave (Croatia) and the
association of Neandertals with distinctly Upper Paleolithic
(but non-Aurignacian) assemblages at Arcy-sur-Cure and St.
C¿esaire (France). Ideally we need human fossil material
that can be confidently assigned to the early Aurignacian to
resolve this issue, yet in reality there is a paucity of
well-provenanced human fossils from early Upper Paleolithic
contexts. One specimen, a right humerus from the site of
Vogelherd (Germany), has been argued, based on its size,
robusticity, and muscularity, to possibly represent a
Neandertal in an Aurignacian context. The morphological
affinities of the Vogelherd humerus were explored by
univariate and multivariate comparisons of humeral
epiphyseal and diaphyseal shape and strength measures
relative to humeri of Neandertals and Early Upper
Paleolithic (later Aurignacian and Gravettian) modern
humans. On the basis of diaphyseal cross-sectional geometry,
deltoid tuberosity morphology, and distal epiphyseal
morphology, the specimen falls clearly and consistently with
European early modern humans and not with Neandertals. Along
with the other Vogelherd human remains, the Vogelherd
humerus represents an unequivocal association between the
Aurignacian and modern human morphology in
Europe.},
Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(2000)112:2<251::aid-ajpa10>3.0.co;2-},
Key = {fds240122}
}
@article{fds240121,
Author = {Churchill, SE and Smith, FH},
Title = {Makers of the early Aurignacian of Europe.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {Suppl 31},
Pages = {61-115},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11123838},
Abstract = {Despite intensive study and a number of remarkable
discoveries in the last two decades of the 20th century, our
understanding of the cultural and biological processes that
resulted in the emergence of the Upper Paleolithic and the
establishment of modern humans in Interpleniglacial Europe
remains far from complete. There is active debate concerning
the timing and location of the origins of the Aurignacian,
the nature of the origins of Initial Upper Paleolithic
industries (whether by autochthonous development or through
acculturation by Aurignacian peoples), the timing of the
appearance of early modern humans and the disappearance of
the Neandertals, and the relationship of archeologically
defined cultures to these different types of hominids.
Frustrating our attempts to address these latter two
questions is a general paucity of taxonomically diagnostic
human fossil material from early Upper Paleolithic contexts.
We undertake here a review of the human fossil record of
Interpleniglacial Europe, and its archeological and
chronological context, to clarify to the extent possible the
nature of the relationship between hominid groups and the
earliest Upper Paleolithic artifact industries, particularly
the early Aurignacian. Although substantial difficulties
involved in interpreting the fossil, archeological, and
geochronological records of this time period prohibit making
any definitive statements, a number of observations are
suggested by the current data: 1) the Middle Paleolithic of
Europe appears to have been made exclusively by Neandertals;
2) Initial Upper Paleolithic industries (with the exception
of the Bachokirian) appear to have their roots in the late
Middle Paleolithic industries of their respective regions;
3) all of the human fossils yet recovered from Initial Upper
Paleolithic (except the Bachokirian) contexts for which any
diagnostic morphology is present have their greatest
morphological affinities with Neandertals and not early
modern humans; 4) modern humans were almost certainly
established in Europe by ca. 32 ky BP, with a strong
possibility that they were there by ca. 36 ky BP. Claims for
an appearance before 36 ky BP cannot be substantiated with
currently available evidence; 5) the hypothesis that modern
humans are uniquely associated with the Aurignacian cannot
yet be refuted. Aurignacian-associated human fossils
(including those from the Bachokirian) for which any
diagnostic morphology is present have their greatest
affinities with early modern Europeans and not Neandertals;
and 6) Neandertals and modern humans coexisted in Europe for
at least 2,000-4,000 years, and perhaps for 8,000-10,000
years or longer. The overall picture is one of an extended
period of cultural contact, involving some degree of genetic
exchange, between Neandertals and early modern
Europeans.},
Doi = {10.1002/1096-8644(2000)43:31+<61::aid-ajpa4>3.0.co;2-3},
Key = {fds240121}
}
@article{fds240138,
Author = {Churchill, SE and Berger, LR and Parkington, JE},
Title = {A Middle Pleistocene human tibia from Hoedjiespunt, Western
Cape, South Africa},
Journal = {South African Journal of Science},
Volume = {96},
Number = {7},
Pages = {367-368},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {A 200-350 KYR BP human tibia has been recovered in
association with craniodental remains from the Hoedjiespunt
site near Saldhana Bay. The tibia is morphologically similar
to other Middle Pleistocene human tibiae from Africa and
Europe, indicating a substantial degree of postcranial
morphological homogeneity across the western Old World at
this time.},
Key = {fds240138}
}
@article{fds240139,
Author = {Churchill, SE and Brink, JS and Berger, LR and Hutchison, RA and Rossouw, L and Stynder, D and Hancox, PJ and Brandt, D and Woodborne, S and Loock, JC and Scott, L and Ungar, P},
Title = {Erfkroon: A new Florisian fossil locality from fluvial
contexts in the western Free State, South
Africa},
Journal = {South African Journal of Science},
Volume = {96},
Number = {4},
Pages = {161-163},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds240139}
}
@article{fds240076,
Author = {Churchill, SE and Brink, JS and Gruss, LT},
Title = {Middle Pleistocene to Holocene postcranial gracilization in
black wildebeest, Connochaetes gnou, and its implications
for understanding diachronic changes in robusticity in the
genus Homo.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {124-125},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000085458900095&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240076}
}
@article{fds28246,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {The Creswellian (Pleistocene) human axial skeletal remains
from Gough's Cave (Somerset, England)},
Volume = {56},
Series = {Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Lond. (Geol .)},
Pages = {141-154},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds28246}
}
@misc{fds28249,
Author = {Churchill, S.E. and V. Formicola and T.W. Holliday and B.M. Holt and B.A. Schumann},
Title = {The Early Upper Paleolithic population of Europe in an
evolutionary perspective},
Pages = {31-57},
Booktitle = {Hunters of the Golden Age: the Mid-Upper Palaeolithic of
Eurasia 30.000 to 20.000 bp},
Publisher = {Leiden: Leiden University},
Editor = {W. Roeboeks and M. Mussi and J. Svoboda and K.
Fennema},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds28249}
}
@article{fds28399,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {Nasal morphology, airflow dynamics and phonation in
Neandertals},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds28399}
}
@article{fds28402,
Author = {Churchill, S.E. and B. Holt},
Title = {Beyond Neandertals, Before farmers: Bio-Cultural Changes in
Late Glacial Europe},
Series = {Introductory comments, and organization of symposium at the
69th annual meeting of the American Association of Physical
Anthropologists},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds28402}
}
@article{fds28404,
Author = {Holt, B. and S.E Churchill},
Title = {Behavioral changes in European Upper Paleolithic foragers:
evidence from biomechanical analysis of the appendicular
skeleton},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds28404}
}
@article{fds240140,
Author = {Holt, BM and Mussi, M and Churchill, SE and Formicola,
V},
Title = {Biological and cultural trends in Upper Palaeolithic
Europe},
Journal = {Riv. Anthropol},
Volume = {78},
Pages = {179-192},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds240140}
}
@article{fds240079,
Author = {Churchill, SE and Shackelford, LL and Georgi, JN and Black,
MT},
Title = {Airflow dynamics in the Neandertal nose},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION},
Volume = {36},
Number = {4},
Pages = {A5-A5},
Publisher = {ACADEMIC PRESS LTD},
Year = {1999},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000079758600012&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240079}
}
@article{fds240136,
Author = {Trinkaus, E and Churchill, SE and Ruff, CB and Vandermeersch,
B},
Title = {Long bone shaft robusticity of body proportions of the
Saint-Cesaire 1 and Chatelperronian Neanderthal},
Journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science},
Volume = {26},
Number = {7},
Pages = {753-773},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1998.0345},
Abstract = {The Chatelperronian Saint-Cesaire 1 Neanderthal partial
skeleton exhibits an overall morphology similar to earlier
Neanderthals, but it is associated with an early Upper
Palaeolithic technological complex. To assess whether its
habitual mechanical loading patterns from manipulative and
locomotor behaviour were more similar to those of Middle
Palaeolithic or earlier Upper Palaeolithic humans, we
compared its long bone shaft geometric properties to those
of European Neanderthals and early modern humans. As
appropriate, body proportions of Neanderthals and European
early modern humans were employed to scale diaphyseal
strength. Saint-Cesaire 1 is similar to Neanderthals in its
rounded proximal femoral shaft, lack of a femoral pilaster
and rounded tibial crests, but it contrasts with
Neanderthals in its pronounced humeral deltoid tuberosity
and dorsally projecting medial femoral buttress. In other
diaphyseal cross-sections it is similar to members of both
samples. In the lower limb, Saint-Cesaire 1 resembles both
samples in robusticity when given Neanderthal proportions,
but it appears hyper-robust when earlier Upper Palaeolithic
human proportions are used. Its femoral midshaft exhibits
the greater medio-lateral rigidity of the Neanderthals but
resembles early modern humans in its elevated
antero-posterior strength. The femoral diaphyseal shapes fit
best with a model of Neanderthal pelvic and hip proportions,
combined with an early modern human emphasis on
antero-posterior loading of the femoral midshaft. In the
upper limb, its cortical area distribution is closer to
those of the Neanderthals, but its proximal diaphyseal
shapes provide a mixed pattern. This Chatelperronian hominid
therefore provides a mosaic in terms of diaphyseal loading
patterns, but the load levels and patterns are reasonable
for a Late Pleistocene human only if it is provided with the
hyper-arctic body proportions of a Neanderthal.},
Doi = {10.1006/jasc.1998.0345},
Key = {fds240136}
}
@article{fds240137,
Author = {Trinkaus, E and Churchill, SE},
Title = {Diaphyseal cross-sectional geometry of Near Eastern Middle
Palaeolithic humans: The humerus},
Journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science},
Volume = {26},
Number = {2},
Pages = {173-184},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1998.0314},
Abstract = {The Near Eastern Middle Palaeolithic is associated with two
hominid lineages, one of late archaic humans from Amud,
Dederiyeh, Kebara, Shanidar and Tabun and the other of early
modern humans from Qafzeh and Skhul. Biomechanical analysis
of their humeral diaphyses, which are plastic in response to
different loading regimes from activity patterns, reveals
similar cross-sectional shapes, both in terms of cortical
area relative to total area and in maximum to minimum
bending rigidity. In this context, the late archaic humans
have significantly more robust humeral diaphyses when
cortical areas and especially polar moments of area are
scaled to humeral lengths. These results join data from
anterior dental attrition and upper limb morphology to
indicate significantly greater use of the anatomy to
accomplish manipulative tasks among these late archaic
humans. However, given the associations of both groups with
similar Middle Palaeolithic assemblages, it is the gracility
of the Qafzeh-Skhul humans which is anomalous and requires
explanation.},
Doi = {10.1006/jasc.1998.0314},
Key = {fds240137}
}
@article{fds240081,
Author = {Churchill, SE and Shackelford, LL and Georgi, JN and Black,
MT},
Title = {Morphological variation in the upper respiratory tract and
airflow dynamics.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {107-107},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000079607500076&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240081}
}
@article{fds240083,
Author = {Georgi, JN and Churchill, SE and Shackelford, LL and Black,
MT},
Title = {Nasal valve function and location as determined by in vitro
fluid flow studies.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {133-134},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000079607500148&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240083}
}
@misc{fds28250,
Author = {Brink, J.S. and L.R. Berger and S.E. Churchill},
Title = {Mammalian fossils from erosional gullies (dongas) in the
Doring River drainage, central Free State Province, South
Africa},
Pages = {79-90},
Booktitle = {Historia Animalium ex Ossibus. Beiträge zur Paläoanatomie,
Archäologie, Ägyptologie, Ethnologie und Geschichte der
Tiermedizin: Festschrift für Angela Von Den Driesch zum 65.
Geburtstag},
Publisher = {Rahden/Westf.:Verlag Marie Leidorf GmbH},
Editor = {C. Becker and H. Manhart and J. Peters and J. Schibler},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds28250}
}
@misc{fds28253,
Author = {Churchill, S.E. and B.K. Curran},
Title = {Human skeletal remains},
Series = {Zuni Cultural Resource Enterprise Research Series No. 10,
Report No. 466: 613-737; appendix K},
Booktitle = {Chuska Chronologies, Houses, and Hogans: Archaeological and
Ethnographic Inquiry along N30-N31 between Mexican Springs
and Navajo, McKinley County, New Mexico},
Editor = {J.E. Damp},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds28253}
}
@article{fds28372,
Author = {Formicola, V. and S.E. Churchill and B.M. Holt and M.
Mussi},
Title = {Biologia, cultura e comportamento degli ultimi cacciatori
raccoglitori d'Europe},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds28372}
}
@article{fds28407,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {Labor intensity, technology and diet: an optimal foraging
perspective on Neandertal and Cro-Magnon predatory behavior
and foraging dynamics},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds28407}
}
@article{fds240093,
Author = {Pearson, OM and Churchill, SE and Grine, FE and Trinkaus, E and Holliday, TW},
Title = {Multivariate analyses of the hominid ulna from Klasies River
mouth.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {34},
Number = {6},
Pages = {653-656},
Year = {1998},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhev.1998.0227},
Doi = {10.1006/jhev.1998.0227},
Key = {fds240093}
}
@article{fds240135,
Author = {Trinkaus, E and Ruff, CB and Churchill, SE and Vandermeersch,
B},
Title = {Locomotion and body proportions of the Saint-Césaire 1
Châtelperronian Neandertal.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {95},
Number = {10},
Pages = {5836-5840},
Year = {1998},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.10.5836},
Abstract = {The initial Upper Paleolithic (Châtelperronian) of western
Europe was associated with late European Neandertals, best
known through the Saint-Césaire 1 partial skeleton.
Biomechanical cross-sectional analysis of the Saint-Césaire
1 femoral diaphysis at the subtrochanteric and midshaft
levels, given the plasticity of mammalian diaphyseal
cortical bone, provides insights into the habitual levels
and patterns of loading on the lower limbs from body mass,
proportions, and locomotion. The overall robustnesses of the
femoral diaphyses of European Neandertals and early modern
humans are similar once contrasts in body proportions are
incorporated into the body size scaling. Saint-Césaire 1
matches these samples only if it is provided with
Neandertal-like hyperarctic body proportions. And the
rounded proximal femoral diaphysis of Saint-Césaire 1 is
similar to those of earlier Neandertals, likely also
reflecting similar cold-adapted broad pelvic regions.
However, although morphologically similar to those of
archaic Homo, the Saint-Césaire 1 femoral midshaft exhibits
the anteroposterior reinforcement characteristic of early
modern humans. Consequently, Saint-Césaire 1 appears as a
morphological Neandertal with hyperarctic body proportions
who nonetheless had shifted locomotor patterns to more
closely resemble those of other Upper Paleolithic
humans.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.95.10.5836},
Key = {fds240135}
}
@article{fds240133,
Author = {Hamrick, MW and Churchill, SE and Schmitt, D and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {EMG of the human flexor pollicis longus muscle: implications
for the evolution of hominid tool use.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {34},
Number = {2},
Pages = {123-136},
Year = {1998},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9503091},
Abstract = {Modern humans possess a distinct and well-developed flexor
pollicis longus muscle, an extrinsic thumb flexor which is
"either rudimentary or absent" in great apes (Straus, 1942,
p. 228). Previous workers (e.g., Napier, 1962; Susman, 1988)
have related the origin of a well-developed flexor pollicis
longus muscle to the acquisition of precision grasping and
stone tool making capabilities in early hominids. The
proposed functional association between flexor pollicis
longus activity, precision grasping, and stone tool
manufacture has, however, never been tested experimentally.
This study uses electromyographic techniques (EMG) to
investigate the role of flexor pollicis longus during a
variety of tool making, tool using, and manipulatory
behaviors in order to determine the functional and
evolutionary significance of the human flexor pollicis
longus muscle. Our results indicate that flexor pollicis
longus is recruited during forceful tool using and stone
tool making behaviors, regardless of the power or precision
grip used to hold the tool. In particular, both stone tool
use and stone tool making employing three- and four-jaw
chuck precision grips elicit consistently high levels of FPL
activity. Flexor pollicis longus activity increases most
when resistance is increased to the thumb's volar pad during
these hammering, cutting, and knapping behaviors. In
contrast, we observed relatively low levels of flexor
pollicis longus activity during the fine manipulation of
food items, the making of slender wooden probes, and the use
of these probes as tools. The paleontological,
archaeological, and experimental data suggest that a
well-developed flexor pollicis longus muscle functioned
initially in the hominid lineage to stabilize the terminal
pollical phalanx against loads applied to the thumb's apical
pad during the frequent and forceful use of unmodified
stones as tools.},
Doi = {10.1006/jhev.1997.0177},
Key = {fds240133}
}
@article{fds240120,
Author = {Churchill, SE},
Title = {Cold adaptation, heterochrony, and Neandertals},
Journal = {Evolutionary Anthropology},
Volume = {7},
Number = {2},
Pages = {46-60},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6505(1998)7:2<46::aid-evan2>3.0.co;2-n},
Abstract = {Since the writings of Clark Howell and Carleton Coon, the
distinctive craniofacial and postcranial morphology of
Neandertals has been associated with the frigid glacial
climates of Pleistocene Europe. Direct associations between
Ice-Age climate and Neandertal form have been proposed:
Large noses and large paranasal sinuses, big brains, and
robust, muscular bodies with barrel chests and foreshortened
limbs may have been thermal adaptations to harsh glacial
conditions, especially in hominids that perhaps lacked the
technological sophistication to shield themselves from the
cold. Indirect associations between cold climate and
Neandertal morphology have also been advanced: Midfacial
prognathism, dolichocephaly, occipital bunning, and other
characteristics may have been the consequences of genetic
drift in small populations of foragers isolated from the
rest of the world by Alpine and continental ice sheets.
Either way, when we think of Neandertals we think of
primitive humans that endured the climatic and ecological
hardships of cold periglacial Europe. Accordingly, it makes
sense to think their morphology should reflect this in some
important way.},
Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1520-6505(1998)7:2<46::aid-evan2>3.0.co;2-n},
Key = {fds240120}
}
@article{fds240134,
Author = {Churchill, SE and Morris, AG},
Title = {Muscle Marking Morphology and Labour Intensity in
Prehistoric Khoisan Foragers},
Journal = {International Journal of Osteoarchaeology},
Volume = {8},
Number = {5},
Pages = {390-411},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1212(1998090)8:5<390::AID-OA435>3.0.CO;2-},
Abstract = {As indicators of the intensity and frequency of muscle
activity, the rugosity and size of muscle insertion areas in
human skeletal remains may provide a record of average work
effort in past populations. In this paper a diet breadth
model derived from optimal foraging theory was used as a
heuristic means of exploring the utility of musculoskeletal
stress markers (MSM) for determining subsistence labour
intensity in prehistoric populations. The model was used to
make predictions about relative muscle scar rugosity and
size in three samples of pre-European-contact Khoisan
skeletons from distinct biomes that vary in primary
productivity and biomass structure (thus requiring different
average subsistence work efforts). Equality of MSM scores
between groups could only be rejected for the upper limb
among males. In this case, the between-group differences
were also in the direction predicted by the diet breadth
model (forest > fynbos > savanna). The same pattern obtained
for the lower limb in males, but the groups were not
significantly different in median scores. Female samples did
not differ significantly in mean MSM scores in either the
upper or lower limb. Results suggest that ecological
differences between biomes may have had a greater impact on
the labour costs of male-foraged rather than female-foraged
food items. Correlations between variables and analysis of
additional measures of activity further suggest that MSM may
reflect certain types of muscle activity (loading intensity)
better than others (loading frequency and duration), which
may account in part for the obtained results. These results
invite further study of the ecological correlates of muscle
scar rugosity and robusticity in the post-cranial skeleton
of foraging peoples. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons,
Ltd.},
Doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1099-1212(1998090)8:5<390::AID-OA435>3.0.CO;2-},
Key = {fds240134}
}
@misc{fds28280,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {Comment on "Neandertal and early modern human behavioral
variability: A regional-scale approach to lithic evidence
for hunting in the Levantine Mousterian" by J.J.
Shea},
Journal = {Curr. Anthropol.},
Volume = {39},
Series = {Supplement:S61-S62},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds28280}
}
@misc{fds28258,
Author = {Trinkaus, E. and C.B. Ruff and S.E. Churchill},
Title = {Upper limb versus lower limb loading patterns among Near
Eastern Middle Paleolithic hominids},
Pages = {391-404},
Booktitle = {Neandertals and Modern Humans in Western
Asia},
Publisher = {Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press},
Editor = {T. Akazawa and K. Aoki and O. Bar Yosef},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds28258}
}
@misc{fds28259,
Author = {Lieberman, D.E. and S.E. Churchill},
Title = {Evoluzione del Genere Homo},
Pages = {283-298},
Booktitle = {Frontiere della Vita, Vol. 1},
Publisher = {Rome: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana},
Editor = {W.T. Gilbert and G.T. Valentini},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds28259}
}
@article{fds28376,
Author = {Churchill, S.E. and F.H. Smith},
Title = {Morphological affinities of a human humerus from the basal
Aurignacian of Vogelherd, Germany},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds28376}
}
@article{fds28409,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {The Neandertal skeleton: Perspectives on predatory behavior
and foraging dynamics},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds28409}
}
@article{fds240085,
Author = {Hambrick, MW and Churchill, SE and Schmitt, D and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Tool use in Homo and Australopithecus},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION},
Volume = {32},
Number = {4},
Pages = {A7-A7},
Publisher = {ACADEMIC PRESS LTD},
Year = {1997},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1997WN20300014&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240085}
}
@article{fds240131,
Author = {Byers, SN and Churchill, SE and Curran, B},
Title = {Identification of Euro-Americans, Afro-Americans, and
Amerindians from palatal dimensions.},
Journal = {Journal of forensic sciences},
Volume = {42},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3-9},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0022-1198},
Abstract = {Seven measurements were taken on 414 Euro-American,
Afro-American, and Amerindian palates in an attempt to
evaluate differences in dental arcade shape among these
three groups. Width measurements across the palate at the
first incisor, canine, second premolar, and second molar
were taken directly on the dental arcade. The distances
along the sagittal plane from the front of the palate to the
level of these teeth were calculated from measurements taken
between the right central incisor and the canine, second
premolar and second molar. Discriminant functions computed
from the measurements properly classified palates by group
66.0% of the time if sex is unknown. If sex is known to be
male, other functions properly classified 65.7% of the
sample; for sex known to be female 72.0% correct
classification was achieved. Because these percentage are
more than twice that expected from probability theory alone,
it is concluded that the seven measurements are useful in
determining ethnic group.},
Key = {fds240131}
}
@article{fds240132,
Author = {Churchill, SE and Formicola, V},
Title = {A Case of Marked Bilateral Asymmetry in the Upper Limbs of
an Upper Palaeolithic Male from Barma Grande (Liguria),
Italy},
Journal = {International Journal of Osteoarchaeology},
Volume = {7},
Number = {1},
Pages = {18-38},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1212(199701)7:1<18::AID-OA303>3.0.CO;2-R},
Abstract = {Barma Grande 2, a male skeleton of upper palaeolithic age
from Balzi Rossi (Liguria, Italy), shows a marked degree of
upper limb bilateral asymmetry. Similar cases of asymmetry
in palaeolithic hominid fossils have variously been
attributed to high levels of behavioural asymmetry (related
to handedness) or a pathologically induced alteration of
upper limb skeletal remodelling processes. As in many of
these cases, the skeleton from Barma Grande lacks any
indications of trauma or pathology in the smaller left limb.
Consideration of the morphology of the preserved upper limb
elements and a comparative analysis of asymmetry in normal
and pathological male palaeolithic fossils and normal recent
human samples suggests that the asymmetry in Barma Grande 2
was a secondary effect of trauma or pathology in the left
side. The degree and pattern of asymmetry in numerous
humeral and ulnar measurements indicates an adult onset of
altered loading patterns. Several possible aetiological
factors are considered, with the most probable being an
entrapment neuropathy, direct trauma to one or more muscles
about the shoulder, or possibly glenohumeral joint
instability.},
Doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1099-1212(199701)7:1<18::AID-OA303>3.0.CO;2-R},
Key = {fds240132}
}
@misc{fds28283,
Author = {White, F. and S.E. Churchill},
Title = {Comment on "Hadza women's time allocation, offspring
provisioning, and the evolution of long postmenopausal life
spans" by K. Hawkes, J.F. O'Connell and N.G. Blurton
Jones},
Journal = {Curr. Anthropol.},
Volume = {38},
Pages = {569-570},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds28283}
}
@misc{fds28284,
Author = {Trinkaus, E. and S.E. Churchill},
Title = {Neandertals},
Volume = {11},
Pages = {670-671},
Booktitle = {McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology, 8th
Edition},
Publisher = {New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds28284}
}
@misc{fds28260,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {Morphological evolution, behavior change and the origins of
modern humans},
Pages = {202-219},
Booktitle = {Conceptual Issues in Modern Human Origins
Research},
Publisher = {New York: Aldine de Gruyter},
Editor = {G.A. Clark and C.M. Willermet},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds28260}
}
@article{fds28377,
Author = {Hamrick, M.W. and S.E. Churchill and D. Schmitt and W.L.
Hylander},
Title = {EMG of the human flexor pollicis longus: Implications for
the evolution of hominid tool use},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds28377}
}
@article{fds28379,
Author = {Trinkaus, E. and S.E. Churchill and C.B. Ruff and B.
Vandermeersch},
Title = {Robusticity and body proportions of the Saint-Césaire 1
Neandertal},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds28379}
}
@article{fds28411,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {Endocrine models of skeletal robusticity and the origins of
gracility},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds28411}
}
@article{fds28412,
Author = {Morris, A. and S.E. Churchill},
Title = {Muscle marking size and morphology as a measure of labor
intensity in prehistoric Khoisan foragers},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds28412}
}
@article{fds240119,
Author = {Churchill, SE},
Title = {Particulate versus integrated evolution of the upper body in
late pleistocene humans: a test of two models.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {100},
Number = {4},
Pages = {559-583},
Year = {1996},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199608)100:4<559::aid-ajpa9>3.0.co;2},
Abstract = {Evolutionary biologists are largely polarized in their
approaches to integrating microevolutionary and
macroevolutionary processes. Neo-Darwinians typically seek
to identify population-level selective and genetic processes
that culminate in macroevolutionary events. Epigeneticists
and structuralists, on the other hand, emphasize
developmental constraints on the action of natural
selection, and highlight the role of epigenetic shifts in
producing evolutionary change in morphology. Accordingly,
the ways in which these paradigms view and address
morphological contrasts between classes of related organisms
differ. These paradigms, although seldomly explicitly
stated, emerge in paleoanthropology as well. Considerations
of postcranial morphological contrasts between archaic and
modern humans typically fall into one of two broad
interpretive models. The first derives from the
neo-Darwinian perspective and holds that evolution in the
postcranial skeleton was largely mosaic (operating in a
particulate manner), and that temporal change in specific
traits informs us about behavioral shifts or genetic
evolution affecting isolated anatomical regions (i.e.,
adaptive behavioral inferences can be made from comparative
studies of individual trait complexes). The alternative
model follows from the epigeneticist paradigm and sees
change in specific postcranial traits as correlated
responses to change in overall body form (involving shifts
in regulation of skeletal growth, or selective and
developmental responses to broad adaptive shifts). By this
view, integration of functional systems both constrains and
directs evolution of various traits, and morphological
contrasts inform us about overall change in body form
related to change in such things as overall growth patterns,
climatic adaptation, and technological dependency. These
models were tested by confirmatory factor analysis using
measures of upper body form and upper limb morphological
traits in Eurasian Neandertal and early modern fossils and
recent human samples. Results indicate (1) a model of
morphological integration fits the data better than a model
of no integration, but (2) this integration accounts for
less than half of the variance in upper limb traits,
suggesting a high degree of tolerance for particulate
evolution in the context of an integrated upper body plan.
Significant relationships were detected between joint shapes
and body size, between humeral shaft shape and body size and
chest shape, and between measures of biomechanical
efficiency and robusticity. The observed morphological
differences between late archaic and early modern humans
reflect particulate evolution in the context of constraints
imposed by genetic and morphological integration. While
particulate approaches to interpreting the fossil record
appear to be justified, attention must also be paid to
delineating the nature and extent of morphological
integration and its role in both constraining and producing
observed patterns of variation between groups. Confirmatory
factor analysis provides a means of examining trait
covariance matrices, and serves as a useful method of
identifying patterns of integration in morphology.},
Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199608)100:4<559::aid-ajpa9>3.0.co;2},
Key = {fds240119}
}
@article{fds240130,
Author = {Churchill, SE and Pearson, OM and Grine, FE and Trinkaus, E and Holliday, TW},
Title = {Morphological affinities of the proximal ulna from Klasies
River main site: Archaic or modern?},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {31},
Number = {3},
Pages = {213-237},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1996},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhev.1996.0058},
Abstract = {The Middle Stone Age (MSA) asociated hominids from Klasies
River Mouth (KRM) have taken on a key role in debate about
the origins of modern humans, with their craniofacial
remains seen as either representing the earliest well-dated
modern humans in southern Africa or orthognathic late
archaic humans. Diagnostic postcranial remains from Klasies
are few, but one specimen - a proximal right ulna from the
lower SAS member - is useful for assessing the morphological
affinities of these hominids. Canonical variates analysis
using 14 proximal ulnar dimensions and comparative data from
European, west Asian and African archaic humans, and
Levantine Mousterian, European Upper Paleolithic, African
Epipaleolithic and diverse recent modern human samples (many
of recent African descent) were employed to assess the
morphological affinities of this specimen. Results suggest
an archaic total morphological pattern for the Klasies ulna.
Analysis of diaphyseal cross-sectional geometry reveals an
ulnar shaft with relatively thick cortical bone, but the
specimen cannot be readily distinguished from Neandertals or
early anatomically modern humans on the basis of shaft
cross-sectional properties. If the isolated ulna from
Klasies is indicative of the general postcranial morphology
of these hominids, then the MSA-associated humans from KRM
may not be as modern as has been claimed from the
craniofacial material. It is possible also that the skeletal
material from KRM reflects mosaic evolution - retention of
archaic postcranial characteristics, perhaps indicating
retention of archaic habitual behavior patterns, in hominids
that were becoming craniofacially modern. © 1996 Academic
Press Limited.},
Doi = {10.1006/jhev.1996.0058},
Key = {fds240130}
}
@misc{fds28263,
Author = {Churchill, S.E. and A.H. Weaver and W.A. Niewoehner},
Title = {Late Pleistocene human technological and subsistence
behavior: Functional interpretations of upper limb
morphology},
Series = {Quaternaria Nova 6},
Pages = {18-51},
Booktitle = {Reduction Processes ("Chaînes Opératoires") in the
European Mousterian},
Editor = {A. Bietti and S. Grimaldi},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds28263}
}
@article{fds28380,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {Neandertal scapular axillary border morphology
revisited},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds28380}
}
@article{fds28381,
Author = {Trinkaus, E. and C.B. Ruff and S.E. Churchill},
Title = {Upper limb versus lower limb robusticity in Near Eastern
Middle Paleolithic hominids},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds28381}
}
@article{fds28383,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {Upper limb use patterns in Neandertals and Eurasian early
modern humans},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds28383}
}
@article{fds28384,
Author = {Churchil, S.E.},
Title = {Humeral strength to bone length scaling relationships in
recent humans},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds28384}
}
@article{fds28414,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {Neandertal upper limb morphology, tool use and subsistence
behavior},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds28414}
}
@article{fds240129,
Author = {Trinkaus, E and Churchill, SE and Ruff, CB},
Title = {Postcranial robusticity in Homo. II: Humeral bilateral
asymmetry and bone plasticity.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {93},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-34},
Year = {1994},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330930102},
Abstract = {The analysis of humeral asymmetry in Recent human skeletal
samples and an extant tennis-player sample documents minimal
asymmetry in bone length, little asymmetry in distal humeral
articular breadth, but pronounced and variable asymmetry in
mid- and distal diaphyseal cross-sectional geometric
parameters. More specifically, skeletal samples of normal
modern Euroamericans, prehistoric and early historic
Amerindians, and prehistoric Japanese show moderate (ca.
5-14%) median asymmetry in diaphyseal cross-sectional areas
and polar second moments of area, whereas the tennis-player
sample, with pronounced unilateral physical activity,
exhibits median asymmetries of 28-57% in the same
parameters. A sample of Neandertals with nonpathological
upper limbs exhibits similarly low articular asymmetry but
pronounced diaphyseal asymmetries, averaging 24-57%. In
addition, three Neandertals with actual or possible
post-traumatic upper limb alterations have the same low
articular asymmetry but extremely high diaphyseal
asymmetries, averaging 112-215%. These data support those
from experimental work on animals, exercise programs of
humans, and human clinical contexts in establishing the high
degree of diaphyseal plasticity possible for humans, past
and present, under changing biomechanical loading
conditions. This lends support to activity-related
functional interpretations of changing human diaphyseal
morphology and robusticity during the Pleistocene.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330930102},
Key = {fds240129}
}
@misc{fds28266,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {Human Upper Body Evolution in the Eurasian Later
Pleistocene},
Publisher = {University of New Mexico},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds28266}
}
@article{fds28385,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {Medial clavicular length and upper thoracic shape in
Neandertals and European early modern humans},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds28385}
}
@article{fds28386,
Author = {Berget, K.A. and S.E. Churchill},
Title = {Subsistence activity and humeral hypertrophy among western
Aleutian Islanders},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds28386}
}
@article{fds323458,
Author = {Churchill, SE},
Title = {Weapon Technology, Prey Size Selection, and Hunting Methods
in Modern Hunter‐Gatherers: Implications for Hunting in
the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic},
Journal = {Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological
Association},
Volume = {4},
Series = {Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological
Association},
Number = {1},
Pages = {11-24},
Booktitle = {Hunting and Animal Exploitation in the Later Palaeolithic
and Mesolithic of Eurasia},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Editor = {In G.L. Peterkin and H.M. Bricker and P.A. Mellars},
Year = {1993},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ap3a.1993.4.1.11},
Abstract = {The ethnographic and ethnohistoric literature on a global
sample of 96 recent hunting peoples was surveyed to explore
the relationships between weapons, prey body‐size, and
terrestrial hunting techniques. Findings include: (1) an
association between the use of hand‐delivered spears,
large‐bodied prey, and hunting techniques dependent on
physiographic features and specific terrain types; (2) less
dependence on terrain features in hunting with
atlatl‐propelled darts, and; (3) use of the bow and arrow
without regard to prey size or terrain features. Findings
also suggest that technologically aided hunting of
medium‐to‐large game before the development of
long‐distance projectile weaponry involved a narrow range
of strategies and limitations of prey choice. The effective
exploitation of a wide range of terrestrial mammals
characteristic of modern humans occurred after the advent of
efficient projectile weapons. Copyright © 1993, Wiley
Blackwell. All rights reserved},
Doi = {10.1525/ap3a.1993.4.1.11},
Key = {fds323458}
}
@article{fds28387,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {Robusticity and bilateral asymmetry in distal humeri of
European later Pleistocene hominids},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds28387}
}
@article{fds28415,
Author = {Holliday, T.W. and S.E. Churchill and E. Trinkaus},
Title = {Modern human origins in Africa: the postcranial
evidence},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds28415}
}
@misc{fds28271,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {Human osteology},
Series = {Zuni Archaeology Program Report No. 331},
Pages = {85-87;179},
Booktitle = {Archaeological Discoveries at the Little Chambers Rural
Housing Cluster: Excavations at Site AZ-P-53-7},
Editor = {W.R. Latady Jr.},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds28271}
}
@misc{fds28274,
Author = {Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {Human osteology},
Series = {Zuni Archaeology Program Report No. 316},
Pages = {145-157; 283-291},
Booktitle = {Duration, Tempo, and the Archaeological Record: Excavations
at Site AZ-P-60-31},
Editor = {L.C. Todd and R. Alam-Parry},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds28274}
}
@article{fds28416,
Author = {Churchill, S.E. and B.K. Curran},
Title = {Weapon technology, prey size selection and hunting methods
in modern hunter-gatherers and implications for Paleolithic
archeology},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds28416}
}
@article{fds240128,
Author = {Trinkaus, E and Churchill, SE and Villemeur, I and Riley, KG and Heller,
JA and Ruff, CB},
Title = {Robusticity versus shape: the functional interpretation of
Neandertal appendicular morphology},
Journal = {J. Anth. Soc. Nippon},
Volume = {99},
Pages = {257-278},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds240128}
}
@article{fds240127,
Author = {Churchill, SE and Trinkaus, E},
Title = {Neandertal scapular glenoid morphology.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {83},
Number = {2},
Pages = {147-160},
Year = {1990},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330830203},
Abstract = {Analysis of Neandertal and recent human scapular glenoid
fossae reveals that the former had long, narrow, and flat
glenoid articular surfaces relative to those of modern
humans. Comparison of glenoid length, breadth, and curvature
to humeral articular dimensions demonstrates that Neandertal
glenoid length and curvature scale to proximal and distal
humeral articular dimensions in the same manner as those of
modern humans. The remaining contrast is in the relatively
greater glenoid fossa width seen in modern humans. This
difference in morphology implies differences in the habitual
degree of dorsoventral glenohumeral movement between
Neandertals and modern humans. This in turn may be related
to contrasts in tool use, especially with respect to
throwing and projectile use.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330830203},
Key = {fds240127}
}
@article{fds28388,
Author = {Trinkaus, E. and S.E. Churchill and C.B. Ruff},
Title = {Neandertal post-traumatic humeral asymmetry and the
interpretation of fossil diaphyseal morphology},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds28388}
}
@article{fds370082,
Author = {TRINKAUS, E and CHURCHILL, SE and RUFF, CB},
Title = {NEANDERTHAL POSTTRAUMATIC HUMERAL ASYMMETRY AND THE
INTERPRETATION OF FOSSIL DIAPHYSEAL MORPHOLOGY},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {81},
Number = {2},
Pages = {308-309},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds370082}
}
@article{fds240126,
Author = {Trinkaus, E and Churchill, SE},
Title = {Neandertal radial tuberosity orientation.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {75},
Number = {1},
Pages = {15-21},
Year = {1988},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330750103},
Abstract = {Examination of adult and immature Neandertal radii
demonstrates that the medial versus anterior orientations of
their radial tuberosities fall within recent human ranges of
variation, but on the average their radial tuberosities are
significantly more medially, as opposed to anteromedially,
oriented. This more posterior positioning of their radial
tuberosities implies a maintenance of an effective moment
arm for M. biceps brachii through the full range of
supination, an interpretation which fits with the
hypertrophy of and increased moment arms for their forearm
pronator muscles. It is an additional indication of the
muscular hypertrophy evident elsewhere in Neandertal upper
limbs.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330750103},
Key = {fds240126}
}
@article{fds28390,
Author = {Rhine, S.J. and B.K. Curran and S. Boydstun and S.E. Churchill and P.K.
Ivey and M. Ogilvie},
Title = {Skeletonization rates in the desert.},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds28390}
}
@article{fds370083,
Author = {CHURCHILL, SE and TRINKAUS, E},
Title = {NEANDERTAL SCAPULAR GLENOID FOSSA MORPHOLOGY},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {75},
Number = {2},
Pages = {196-196},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds370083}
}
@article{fds318202,
Author = {Churchill, SE and Smith, FH},
Title = {Makers of the early Aurignacian of Europe.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {Suppl 31},
Number = {S31},
Pages = {61-115},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1969},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1096-8644(2000)43:31+<61::aid-ajpa4>3.0.co;2-3},
Abstract = {Despite intensive study and a number of remarkable
discoveries in the last two decades of the 20th century, our
understanding of the cultural and biological processes that
resulted in the emergence of the Upper Paleolithic and the
establishment of modern humans in Interpleniglacial Europe
remains far from complete. There is active debate concerning
the timing and location of the origins of the Aurignacian,
the nature of the origins of Initial Upper Paleolithic
industries (whether by autochthonous development or through
acculturation by Aurignacian peoples), the timing of the
appearance of early modern humans and the disappearance of
the Neandertals, and the relationship of archeologically
defined cultures to these different types of hominids.
Frustrating our attempts to address these latter two
questions is a general paucity of taxonomically diagnostic
human fossil material from early Upper Paleolithic contexts.
We undertake here a review of the human fossil record of
Interpleniglacial Europe, and its archeological and
chronological context, to clarify to the extent possible the
nature of the relationship between hominid groups and the
earliest Upper Paleolithic artifact industries, particularly
the early Aurignacian. Although substantial difficulties
involved in interpreting the fossil, archeological, and
geochronological records of this time period prohibit making
any definitive statements, a number of observations are
suggested by the current data: 1) the Middle Paleolithic of
Europe appears to have been made exclusively by Neandertals;
2) Initial Upper Paleolithic industries (with the exception
of the Bachokirian) appear to have their roots in the late
Middle Paleolithic industries of their respective regions;
3) all of the human fossils yet recovered from Initial Upper
Paleolithic (except the Bachokirian) contexts for which any
diagnostic morphology is present have their greatest
morphological affinities with Neandertals and not early
modern humans; 4) modern humans were almost certainly
established in Europe by ca. 32 ky BP, with a strong
possibility that they were there by ca. 36 ky BP. Claims for
an appearance before 36 ky BP cannot be substantiated with
currently available evidence; 5) the hypothesis that modern
humans are uniquely associated with the Aurignacian cannot
yet be refuted. Aurignacian-associated human fossils
(including those from the Bachokirian) for which any
diagnostic morphology is present have their greatest
affinities with early modern Europeans and not Neandertals;
and 6) Neandertals and modern humans coexisted in Europe for
at least 2,000-4,000 years, and perhaps for 8,000-10,000
years or longer. The overall picture is one of an extended
period of cultural contact, involving some degree of genetic
exchange, between Neandertals and early modern
Europeans.},
Doi = {10.1002/1096-8644(2000)43:31+<61::aid-ajpa4>3.0.co;2-3},
Key = {fds318202}
}
%% Clarke, Margaret R.
@article{fds29006,
Author = {Teaford, M.F. and Clarke, M.R. and Glander,
K.E.},
Title = {From the mouths of monkeys come tales of their
lives'},
Series = {NATURAL HISTORY},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds29006}
}
@article{fds29012,
Author = {Huynen MC and Clarke, MR},
Title = {Social rank and interactions with males of adult female
rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in a single-male versus a
multi-male group},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds29012}
}
@article{fds30694,
Author = {Clarke, M. R. and Glander, K.E.},
Title = {Adult migration patterns in the mantled howlers of La
Pacifica},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY, Supplement},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds30694}
}
@article{fds30695,
Author = {Clarke, M.R.},
Title = {Group size resurgence in mantled howlers (Alouatta
palliata)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {Supplement 38},
Pages = {75-76},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds30695}
}
@article{fds28903,
Author = {Zucker, E.L. and Clarke, M.R.},
Title = {Longitudinal assessment of immature-to-adult ratios in two
groups of Costa Rican mantled howlers (Alouatta
palliata)},
Journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {24},
Number = {1},
Pages = {87-101},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds28903}
}
@article{fds29032,
Author = {Clarke, M.R. and Glander, K.E.},
Title = {Males really do follow females after all: Thirty years data
on male migration in howling monkeys at La Pacifica,
Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica},
Series = {The Animal Behavior Society, Boise Idaho},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds29032}
}
@article{fds28904,
Author = {Clarke, M.R. and Crockett, C.M. and Zucker, E.L. and Zaldivar, M.},
Title = {Mantled howler population of Hacienda La Pacifica, Costa
Rica from 1991 to 1998: Effects of deforestation},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {56},
Pages = {155-163},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds28904}
}
@article{fds28905,
Author = {Clarke, M.R. and Collins, D.A. and Zucker, E.L.},
Title = {Adaptations to deforestation in a free-ranging group of
mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata) in Costa
Rica},
Journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {23},
Number = {2},
Pages = {365-381},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds28905}
}
@article{fds29033,
Author = {Clarke MR},
Title = {Managing monkeys from an evolutionary perspective},
Series = {The Animal Behavior Society, Bloomington
IN},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds29033}
}
@article{fds30698,
Author = {Nisbett R.A. and Rodriguez L.L. and Clarke M.R. and Glander K.E. and Teaford M.F. and Jimenez Sanchez C.},
Title = {Preliminary report on the epidemiology of vesicular
stomatitis virus in a free-ranging population of Costa Rican
howling monkeys},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AND HYGIENE},
Volume = {67},
Number = {2},
Pages = {272-273},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds30698}
}
@article{fds30699,
Author = {Clarke, M.R. and Teaford, M.F.},
Title = {Preliminary study on hormone measurement in dried feces of
free-ranging howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in Costa
Rica},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {57},
Series = {Suppl 1:67},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds30699}
}
@article{fds30700,
Author = {Zucker, E.L. and Clarke, M.R. and Glander, K.E.},
Title = {Habitat mediates relationship between age and interbirth
intervals in Costa Rican mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta
palliata)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {57},
Series = {Suppl 1:33},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds30700}
}
@article{fds30701,
Author = {Seltzer, R.G. and York, H.P. and Clarke, M.R.},
Title = {A survery of vervet monkey (Chlorocebus [Cercopithecus]
aethiops sabaeus) populations at five sites in Nevis, West
Indies},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {57},
Series = {Suppl 1:69-70},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds30701}
}
@article{fds30702,
Author = {Clarke, M.R. and Glander, K.E.},
Title = {. Female immigration patterns in mantled howling monkeys
(Alouatta palliata) at La Pacifica, GTE, Costa
Rica},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Editor = {Supplement, 34:54},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds30702}
}
@article{fds28907,
Author = {Clarke, M.R. and Crockett, C.M. and Zucker, E.L. and Zaldivar, M.},
Title = {A comparison of methods to survey free-ranging monkeys in
the Costa Rican dry forest},
Volume = {40},
Series = {LABORATORY PRIMATE NEWSLETTER},
Number = {4},
Pages = {4-6},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds28907}
}
@article{fds29001,
Author = {Clarke MR},
Title = {Review of Origins of Intelligence},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY},
Volume = {13},
Number = {3},
Pages = {425-426},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds29001}
}
@article{fds28906,
Author = {Zucker, E.L. and Clarke, M.R. and Glander, K.E.},
Title = {Body weights of adult female Alouatta palliata in Costa Rica
increase with age},
Journal = {NEOTROPICAL PRIMATES},
Volume = {9},
Number = {3},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds28906}
}
@article{fds28908,
Author = {Zucker, E.L. and Clarke, M.R. and Glander, K.E.},
Title = {Body weights before and after first pregnancies of immigrant
adult female howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in Costa
Rica},
Journal = {NEOTROPICAL PRIMATES},
Volume = {9},
Number = {2},
Pages = {57-60},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds28908}
}
@article{fds29034,
Author = {Epstein, D.S. and Clarke, M.R.},
Title = {Male-female partner preferences in mantled howling monkeys
(Alouatta palliata) on Hda La Pacifica, Guanacaste Province,
Costa Rica},
Series = {The Animal Behavior Society, Corvallis OR},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds29034}
}
@article{fds29035,
Author = {Arden, D.H. and Clarke, M.R.},
Title = {Social interactions between adult males and juvenile howling
monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in Costa Rica},
Series = {The Animal Behavior Society, Corvallis OR},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds29035}
}
@article{fds30703,
Author = {Clarke, M.R. and Arden, D.H. and Epstein, D.S. and Gilbert, M.H.},
Title = {Activity patterns of adult male howling monkeys: Comparison
by age, habitat and group composition},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {53},
Series = {Supplement 1:28},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds30703}
}
@article{fds30704,
Author = {Clarke, M.R. and Glander, K.E.},
Title = {Presence of mother and juvenile dispersal in free-ranging
howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in the tropical dry
forest of Costa Rica},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Series = {Supplement 32:50},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds30704}
}
@article{fds28909,
Author = {Clarke, M.R. and Tremblay, A.M. and Arden,
D.H.},
Title = {A comparison of methods to observe juvenile and group
behavior in mantled howling monkeys},
Volume = {39},
Series = {LABORATORY PRIMATE NEWSLETTER},
Number = {4},
Pages = {6-8},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds28909}
}
@article{fds30705,
Author = {Clarke, M.R. and Anderson, L.S. and Porter, J. and Martin,
L.M.},
Title = {Behavior, hormones, and immune correlates of socially
stable/unstable housing in juvenile rhesus monkeys (Macaca
mulatta)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Series = {SUPPLEMENT 30},
Pages = {125-126},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds30705}
}
@article{fds30706,
Author = {Clarke, M.R. and Tremblay, A.M. and Arden,
D.H.},
Title = {Comparison of observational methods for juvenile and group
behavior in mantled howling monkeys},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {42},
Series = {Supplement 1},
Pages = {50-51},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds30706}
}
@article{fds29000,
Author = {Clarke MR},
Title = {Review of Demonic Males},
Volume = {25},
Series = {AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR},
Number = {4},
Pages = {305-307},
Editor = {R. Wrangham and D. Peterson},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds29000}
}
@article{fds28910,
Author = {Clarke, M.R. and O’Neil, J.A.S.},
Title = {Morphometric comparison of Chinese-origin and Indian-derived
rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {47},
Number = {4},
Pages = {335-246},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds28910}
}
@article{fds30707,
Author = {Clarke, M. R. and Crockett, C.M. and Zucker, E.L.},
Title = {A comparison of methods used to census mantled howlers in
the Costa Rican dry forest},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {49},
Number = {1},
Pages = {43-44},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds30707}
}
@article{fds30708,
Author = {Huynen, M.C. and Clarke, M.R.},
Title = {Female familiarity and relatedness in captive groups of
rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {49},
Number = {1},
Pages = {65},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds30708}
}
@article{fds30709,
Author = {Huynen, M.C. and Clarke, M.R.},
Title = {Female age class and competition for mates in social groups
of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {49},
Number = {1},
Pages = {64-65},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds30709}
}
@article{fds30710,
Author = {Zucker, E.L. and Clarke, M.R.},
Title = {Immature-to-adult ratios over time in two groups of Costa
Rican mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) Annual
variations and comparison with population
parameters},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {49},
Number = {1},
Pages = {115-116},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds30710}
}
@article{fds30711,
Author = {Glasgow, M.E. and Williams, L.E. and Clarke, M.R.},
Title = {Environmental effects of female social behavior during
pregnancy and infant development in captive Squirrel monkeys
(Saimir bolivienses): Implications for management},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {49},
Number = {1},
Pages = {58},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds30711}
}
@article{fds30712,
Author = {Clarke, M.R. and Zucker, E.L. and Crockett, C.M. and Zaldivar, M.},
Title = {Population parameters of the howling monkeys of La
Pacifica},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Series = {Supplement 27},
Pages = {108-109},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds30712}
}
@article{fds30713,
Author = {Pielet, H. A. and Clarke, M.R.},
Title = {Social interactions of pigtailed and rhesus
monkeys},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Series = {Supplement 27},
Pages = {221-222},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds30713}
}
@article{fds28911,
Author = {Baskin, G.B. and Ratterree, M. and Davison, B.B. and Falkenstein, K.P. and Clarke, MR. and England, J.D. and Banier, M.T. and Luzi, P. and Rafi, M.A. and Wenger, D.A.},
Title = {Genetic galactocerebrosidase deficiency (Globoid Cell
Leukodystrophy, Krabbe Disease) in rhesus monkeys (Macaca
mulatta)},
Volume = {48},
Series = {LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE},
Number = {5},
Pages = {476-482},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds28911}
}
@article{fds28912,
Author = {Clarke, M.R. and Glander, K.E. and Zucker, E.L.},
Title = {Infant-nonmother interactions in mantled howling
monkeys},
Journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {19},
Pages = {451-472},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds28912}
}
@article{fds28913,
Author = {Stuart, M. and Pendergast, V. and Rumfelt, S. and Pierberg, S.
Greenspan and L. , Glander and K. and Clarke, M.R.},
Title = {Parasites of wild howlers (Alouatta spp.)},
Journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {19},
Pages = {493-512},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds28913}
}
@article{fds28914,
Author = {Zucker, E. L. and Clarke, M.R.},
Title = {Agonistic and affiliative relationships among adult female
howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in Costa Rica over a
four-year period},
Journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {19},
Pages = {433-450},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds28914}
}
@article{fds30714,
Author = {Zucker, E.L. and Clarke, M.R. and Glander, K.E.},
Title = {Life histories of adult female howling monkeys in Costa
Rica: Age, weight and status},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Series = {Supplement 25},
Pages = {239},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds30714}
}
@article{fds30715,
Author = {Clarke, M.R. and Collins, D.A. and Zucker, E.L.},
Title = {Changes in daily activity pattern and rates of social
interactions in a free-ranging group of mantled howling
monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in Costa Rica following partial
deforestation of their home range},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {45},
Number = {2},
Pages = {174-175},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds30715}
}
@article{fds30716,
Author = {Zucker, E.L. and Clarke, M.R. and Glander, K.E.},
Title = {Latencies to first births for immigrating adult female
howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in Costa
Rica},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {42},
Pages = {158},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds30716}
}
@article{fds30717,
Author = {Clarke, M.R. and Harrison, R.M. and O’Neil, J.A.S. and Zucker, E.L.},
Title = {Reproductive hormones and migration patterns in free-ranging
juvenile howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in Costa
Rica},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {42},
Pages = {100-101},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds30717}
}
@article{fds30718,
Author = {Lewis, R.J. and Huynen, M.C. and Clarke, M.R.},
Title = {The effects of varying social power on pigtailed monkey
(Macaca nemestrina) and rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)
social dynamics},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {42},
Pages = {128},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds30718}
}
@article{fds30719,
Author = {Clarke, M.R. and Zucker E.L. and Phillippi-Falkenstein, K.},
Title = {Activity and proximity patterns of free-ranging male and
female juvenile howling monkeys (Alouatta
palliata)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Series = {Supplement 24},
Pages = {93},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds30719}
}
@article{fds28915,
Author = {Zucker, E.L. and Clarke, M.R. and Glander, K.E. and Scott, N.J.,
Jr.},
Title = {Sizes of home ranges and groups of mantled howling monkeys
at La Pacifica: 1972-1991},
Series = {BRENESIA},
Pages = {45-46},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds28915}
}
@article{fds28916,
Author = {Clarke M.R, and Harrison, R.M. and Didier, E.S.},
Title = {Behavioral, immunological and hormonal responses associated
with social change in rhesus monkeys (Macaca
mulatta)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {39},
Pages = {223-233},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds28916}
}
@article{fds29036,
Author = {Clarke, M. R. and Zucker, E.L. and Phillippi Falkenstein,
K.},
Title = {Activity and proximity patterns of juvenile howling monkeys
with and without mothers in free-ranging social
groups},
Series = {16th Congress of the International Primatological Society
and the 19th Converence of the American Society of
Primatologists, Madison WI},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds29036}
}
@article{fds29037,
Author = {Zucker, E.L. and Clarke, M.R. and O’Neil, J.A.S. and Harrison, R.M.},
Title = {. Fecal testosterone values for free-ranging male mantled
howling monkeys},
Series = {16th Congress of the International Primatological Society
and the 19th Converence of the American Society of
Primatologists, Madison WI},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds29037}
}
@article{fds29038,
Author = {Lewis, R.J. and Huynen , M.C. and Clarke, M.R.},
Title = {Social interactions and activity patterns of adult female
pigtailed monkeys and rhesus monkeys},
Series = {16th Congress of the International Primatological Society
and the 19th Converence of the American Society of
Primatologists, Madison WI},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds29038}
}
@article{fds29039,
Author = {Huynen, M.C. and Clarke,M.R.},
Title = {Female rhesus monkeys’ social interactions vary with
proportion of males},
Series = {16th Congress of the International Primatological Society
and the 19th Converence of the American Society of
Primatologists, Madison WI},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds29039}
}
@article{fds29040,
Author = {Clarke, M.R. and Snyder, J.A.},
Title = {Behavior of foster infants vs. natural infants in
socially-housed rhesus monkeys},
Series = {Southwestern Psychological Assocation Meeting, Houston
TX},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds29040}
}
@article{fds30720,
Author = {Clarke , M. R. and Snyder, J.A.},
Title = {Morphological comparison of Indian-origin and Chinese-origin
rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Series = {Supplement 22},
Pages = {86},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds30720}
}
@article{fds28917,
Author = {Ghoneim, G.M. and Shaaban, A.M. and Clarke, M.R.},
Title = {Irritable bladder syndrome in an animal model: A continuous
monitoring study},
Volume = {14},
Series = {NEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS},
Pages = {657-665},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds28917}
}
@article{fds28918,
Author = {Clarke MR and Cogswell FB.},
Title = {A comparison of two protocols to monitor parasitism in
socially housed rhesus monkeys},
Volume = {34},
Series = {CONTEMPORARY TOPICS IN LABORATORY ANIMAL
SCIENCE},
Number = {5},
Pages = {82-83},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds28918}
}
@article{fds28919,
Author = {Clarke, M.R. and Blanchard, J.L. and Snyder, J.A.},
Title = {Infant-killing in pigtailed macaques: A colony management
concern},
Volume = {34},
Series = {LABORATORY PRIMATE NEWSLETTER},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1-3},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds28919}
}
@article{fds29041,
Author = {Clarke MR and Daigle R and Snyder J.},
Title = {A comparison of social interactions with kin, subgroup
members and other members in two social groups of rhesus
monkeys (Macaca mulatta)},
Series = {Southwestern Psychology Association Meeting, San Antonio,
TX},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds29041}
}
@article{fds30721,
Author = {Huynen, M.C. and Clarke, M.R.},
Title = {Social interactions of high and low ranking adult female
rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in one-male and multi-male
social groups},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {32},
Number = {6},
Pages = {128},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds30721}
}
@article{fds30722,
Author = {Zucker EL and Clarke MR and Harrison RM.},
Title = {Fecal estradiol values for group-living cycling, pregnant
and lactating female howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in
Costa Rica},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {36},
Number = {2},
Pages = {167},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds30722}
}
@article{fds28920,
Author = {Clarke MR and Zucker EL and Glander KE},
Title = {Group takeover by a natal male howling monkey (Alouatta
palliata) and associated disappearance and injuries of
immatures},
Volume = {35},
Series = {PRIMATES},
Number = {S4},
Pages = {435-442},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds28920}
}
@article{fds28921,
Author = {Clarke MR and Blanchard JL.},
Title = {All-male social group formation: Does cutting canine teeth
promote social integration?},
Volume = {33},
Series = {LABORATORY PRIMATE NEWSLETTER},
Number = {2},
Pages = {5-8},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds28921}
}
@article{fds28977,
Author = {Clarke MR and Zucker EL},
Title = {Survey of the howling monkey population of La Pacifica: A
seven-year follow-up},
Journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {15},
Number = {1},
Pages = {29-41},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds28977}
}
@article{fds29042,
Author = {Clarke M and Carr D and Porter J.},
Title = {A preliminary study on behavioral and immunological
correlates of social instability in juvenile rhesus
monkeys},
Series = {Meeting of the Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society, Key
Biscayne, FL},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds29042}
}
@article{fds29044,
Author = {Aertker, MW and Clarke, MR and Ghoneim, GM},
Title = {The effect of environmental change on micturition and
behavior of rhesus monkeys},
Series = {Society for Basic Urological Research, San Francisco
CA},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds29044}
}
@article{fds29045,
Author = {Zucker EL and Clarke MR},
Title = {Time budgets and proximity patterns of juvenile howling
monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in Costa Rica},
Series = {31st Annual Meeting of the Animal Behavior Society, Seattle,
WA},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds29045}
}
@article{fds29046,
Author = {Huynen MC and Clarke MR},
Title = {Social interactions of high/low ranking adult female rhesus
monkeys},
Editor = {31st Annual Meeting of the Animal Behavior Society and Seattle, WA},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds29046}
}
@article{fds30723,
Author = {Clarke MR and Daigle RM.},
Title = {Comparing success of two social reorganization strategies:
When theory and management coincide},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {33},
Number = {3},
Pages = {201-202},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds30723}
}
@article{fds30724,
Author = {Zucker EL and Clarke MR and Putnam PM and Harrison
RM},
Title = {Validity of measures assessing reproductive status of female
howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in Costa
Rica},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {33},
Number = {3},
Pages = {255},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds30724}
}
@article{fds28978,
Author = {Zucker E.L. and Clarke M.R. and Schilling P.W.},
Title = {Use of Natural and Provided Shade by Free-ranging Rhesus
Monkeys on Raccoon Key, Florida: Management
Considerations},
Volume = {32},
Series = {CONTEMPORARY TOPICS IN LABORATORY ANIMAL
SCIENCE},
Number = {3},
Pages = {6-8},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds28978}
}
@article{fds28979,
Author = {Zucker E.L. and Clarke M.R.},
Title = {Visitors’ movement patterns at conference poster
sessions},
Volume = {76},
Pages = {212-214},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds28979}
}
@article{fds29047,
Author = {Clarke MR and Bertsch J and Phillippi-Falkenstein K and Carr
DJJ},
Title = {Social instability and immune function in female rhesus
monkeys (Macaca mulatta) following social
reorganization},
Series = {Research Perspectives in Psychoneuroimmunology IV., Boulder,
CO},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds29047}
}
@article{fds30725,
Author = {Clarke MR and Bertsch J and Phillippi-Falkenstein K and Carr
DJJ},
Title = {Social instability and natural killer cell function in
female rhesus monkeys},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {30},
Number = {4},
Pages = {304},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds30725}
}
@article{fds30726,
Author = {Huynen MC and Clarke MR.},
Title = {Social interactions of young adult males housed in an
all-male group},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {30},
Number = {4},
Pages = {319-320},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds30726}
}
@article{fds30802,
Author = {Zucker EL and Clarke MR},
Title = {Social relationships of adult female howling monkeys
(Alouatta palliata) in Costa Rica},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {30},
Number = {4},
Pages = {361-2},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds30802}
}
@article{fds30803,
Author = {Clarke MR and Daigle RM and McGrew WC},
Title = {Stone-handling and cheekpouch filling in a colony of rhesus
monkeys},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Series = {Supp 16},
Pages = {71},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds30803}
}
@article{fds28980,
Author = {Zucker E.L. and Clarke M.R.},
Title = {Developmental and comparative aspects of social play of
mantled howling monkeys in Costa Rica},
Volume = {123},
Series = {BEHAVIOUR},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {144-171},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds28980}
}
@article{fds28981,
Author = {Clarke M.R and Mayeaux D.J.},
Title = {Aggressive and affiliative behavior in green monkeys with
differing housing complexity},
Volume = {18},
Series = {AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR},
Pages = {231-239},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds28981}
}
@article{fds28982,
Author = {Phillippi-Falkenstein, K. and Clarke, M.R.},
Title = {A procedure for training corral-living rhesus monkeys for
fecal and blood sample collection},
Volume = {42},
Series = {LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE},
Number = {1},
Pages = {83-85},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds28982}
}
@article{fds28983,
Author = {Phillippi, KM and Clarke, MR},
Title = {Survey of parasites of rhesus monkeys housed in small social
groups},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {27},
Pages = {293-302},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds28983}
}
@article{fds29048,
Author = {Clarke MR and Harrison RM and Martin LN},
Title = {Rearing history and survival time in SIV-infected juvenile
rhesus monkeys},
Series = {Nonhuman Primate Models for AIDS, San Juan,
PR},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds29048}
}
@article{fds29049,
Author = {Zucker, E.L. and Clarke, M.R. and Glander, KE and Scott, N.J.,
Jr.},
Title = {Locations of mantled howling monkey groups at La Pacific,
Costa Rica, 1972-1991},
Series = {Animal Behavior Meetings, Kingston, Ontario},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds29049}
}
@article{fds29050,
Author = {Phillippi-Falkenstein K and Clarke MR and Zucker
EL.},
Title = {Adult Chinese male rhesus monkeys social interactions: a
comparison of two social introduction protocols},
Series = {Southwestern Psychological Association, Austin,
TX},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds29050}
}
@article{fds30804,
Author = {Phillippi-Falkenstein K and Clarke MR and Cogswell
FB},
Title = {A comparison of two protocols to monitor parasitism in
socially housed rhesus monkeys},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {27},
Pages = {51},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds30804}
}
@article{fds30805,
Author = {Clarke MR and Zucker EL},
Title = {A new survey of the howling monkey population of La
Pacifica},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {27},
Pages = {23},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds30805}
}
@article{fds29051,
Author = {Clarke, M.R. and Harrison, RM and Didier, EJ.},
Title = {Behavioral and immunological correlates of social
reorganization},
Series = {. American Society of Primatoglogists, Veracruz,
Mexico},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds29051}
}
@article{fds29052,
Author = {Clarke MR},
Title = {Behavioral studies at the Tulane Regional Primate Research
Center},
Series = {Southeastern Psychological Association, New Orleans,
LA},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds29052}
}
@article{fds29053,
Author = {Clarke MR},
Title = {The effects of environmental complexity: Three
Studies},
Series = {Southwestern Psychological Association, New Orleans,
LA},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds29053}
}
@article{fds30806,
Author = {Clarke MR and Zucker EL and Harrison RM},
Title = {Fecal estradiol, sexual swelling, and sociosexual behavior
of free-ranging female howling monkeys in Costa
Rica},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {24},
Number = {2},
Pages = {93},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds30806}
}
@article{fds30807,
Author = {Zucker EL and Clarke MR and Schilling PW},
Title = {Use of natural and provided shade by free-ranging rhesus
monkeys},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {24},
Number = {2},
Pages = {143-144},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds30807}
}
@article{fds28984,
Author = {Clarke MR},
Title = {Behavioral development and socialization of infants in a
free-ranging group of howling monkeys (Alouatta
palliata)},
Volume = {54},
Series = {FOLIA PRIMATOLOGICA},
Pages = {1-15},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds28984}
}
@article{fds28986,
Author = {Ratterree MS and Didier PJ and Blanchard JL and Clarke MR and Schaeffer
D},
Title = {Vitamin C deficiency in captive nonhuman primates fed
commercial primate diet},
Volume = {40},
Series = {LAB ANIMAL SCIENCE},
Number = {2},
Pages = {165-168},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds28986}
}
@article{fds28985,
Author = {Stuart MD and Greenspan LL and Glander KE and Clarke
MR},
Title = {A coprological survey of parasites of wild mantled howling
monkeys, Alouatta palliata},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES},
Volume = {26},
Number = {4},
Pages = {547-549},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds28985}
}
@article{fds30808,
Author = {Clarke MR and Harrison RM},
Title = {Timing of maturation in male rhesus monkeys: effects of
social environment},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {20},
Number = {3},
Pages = {180},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds30808}
}
@article{fds30809,
Author = {Clarke MR and Phillippi KM and Falkenstein JA and Moran EA and Suomi
SJ},
Title = {Training corral-living rhesus monkeys for fecal and blood
sample collection},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {20},
Number = {3},
Pages = {181},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds30809}
}
@article{fds30810,
Author = {Phillippi KM and Clarke MR and Blanchard JL},
Title = {Survey of pathogenic and nonpathogenic parasites of rhesus
monkeys housed in small social groups},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {20},
Number = {3},
Pages = {221},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds30810}
}
@article{fds30811,
Author = {Zucker EL and Mayeaux DJ and Phillippi KM and Clarke
MR},
Title = {Interactions of male Chinese rhesus monkeys while in an
all-male group and in breeding groups},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {20},
Number = {3},
Pages = {248},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds30811}
}
@article{fds28988,
Title = {Breeding colonies of macaques: A 1988 update},
Volume = {28},
Series = {LABORATORY PRIMATE NEWSLETTER},
Number = {1},
Pages = {8-14},
Editor = {Clarke MR},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds28988}
}
@article{fds28989,
Author = {Harrison RM and Clarke MR and Waggoner, R.},
Title = {Determining sperm quality in rhesus monkeys: Timing is
all},
Volume = {18},
Series = {LAB ANIMAL},
Number = {1},
Pages = {30-31},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds28989}
}
@article{fds28987,
Author = {Clarke MR and Koritnik DR and Martin LN and Baskin, GB},
Title = {Cage enrichment, physiology and behavior in nursery-reared
rhesus monkeys},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {Supplement 1},
Pages = {53-57},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds28987}
}
@article{fds29054,
Author = {Mayeaux, D.J. and Clarke, MR},
Title = {Effects of changing habitat complexity on social group
formation in green monkeys},
Series = {Southeastern Psychological Association, Houston
TX},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds29054}
}
@article{fds30812,
Author = {Clarke MR, and Zucker EL},
Title = {Social correlates of timing of sexual maturity in
free-ranging howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {18},
Number = {2},
Pages = {140},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds30812}
}
@article{fds28999,
Author = {Clarke MR},
Title = {Review of Primate Conservation in the Tropical
Rainforest},
Volume = {90},
Series = {AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST},
Number = {1},
Pages = {171},
Editor = {C. Marsh and R. Mittermeier},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds28999}
}
@article{fds30814,
Author = {Clarke MR and Martin LN and Baskin GB},
Title = {Cage enrichment, behavior, and physiology in nursery-reared
rhesus monkeys},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {14},
Number = {4},
Pages = {416},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds30814}
}
@article{fds30815,
Author = {Clarke MR},
Title = {Breeding colonies of macaques: Progress and recent
developments},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {14},
Number = {4},
Pages = {415},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds30815}
}
@article{fds30816,
Author = {Stuart M and Bartlett L and Glander K and Clarke
M},
Title = {Helminth parasites of mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta
palliata) in Costa Rica},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {14},
Number = {4},
Pages = {447},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds30816}
}
@article{fds28990,
Author = {Armstrong E and Clarke MR and Hill EM},
Title = {Relative size of the anterior thalamic nuclei differentiates
anthropoids by social organization},
Volume = {30},
Series = {BRAIN, BEHAVIOR & EVOLUTION},
Pages = {263-271},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds28990}
}
@article{fds28991,
Author = {Clarke MR and Kaplan JR and Nicks EC and Grady
AR},
Title = {Use of space by young African greens (Cercopithecus aethiops
spp.) and patas (Erythrocebus patas) monkeys in
captivity},
Pages = {81-97},
Booktitle = {COMPARATIVE BEHAVIOR OF AFRICAN MONKEYS},
Publisher = {Alan R. Liss, New York},
Editor = {E.L. Zucker},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds28991}
}
@article{fds29055,
Author = {Berg MA, and Clarke MR},
Title = {Social behavior in two groups of rhesus monkeys},
Series = {Southwestern Psychological Association, New Orleans,
LA.},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds29055}
}
@article{fds30813,
Author = {Clarke MR},
Title = {Social interactions of howling monkey infants with group
members: A cross-species review},
Journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {8},
Number = {5},
Pages = {427},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds30813}
}
@article{fds30817,
Author = {Clarke MR, and Baskin GB},
Title = {Patterns of infant mortality in a rhesus (Macaca mulatta)
breeding colony},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {12},
Number = {3},
Pages = {336-337},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds30817}
}
@article{fds30818,
Author = {Harrison RM and Clarke MR and Waggoner R},
Title = {Effect of sexual activity of response to electroejaculation
in rhesus monkeys},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {12},
Number = {3},
Pages = {346-347},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds30818}
}
@article{fds30819,
Author = {Zucker EL, and Clarke MR},
Title = {Patterns of male-female spatial relationships in a
multi-male group of howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in
Costa Rica},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {12},
Number = {3},
Pages = {379-380},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds30819}
}
@article{fds28992,
Author = {Clarke MR and Kaplan JR and Bumsted PT and Koritnik
DK},
Title = {Social dominance and serum testosterone concentration in
dyads of Macaca fascicularis},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {15},
Pages = {419-432},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds28992}
}
@article{fds28993,
Author = {Clarke MR and Zucker EL and Scott NJ, Jr.},
Title = {Population trends of the mantled howler groups at La
Pacifica, Guanacaste, Costa Rica},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {11},
Pages = {79-88},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds28993}
}
@article{fds29056,
Author = {Clarke MR},
Title = {Effects of habitat enrichment on sociospatial behavior in a
group of talapoin monkeys},
Series = {In: Zoological Parks: Applications to Husbandry, Management,
and Habitat Design. 32nd Annual meeting of the Southeastern
Psychological Association, Orlando, Fl},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds29056}
}
@article{fds30820,
Author = {Clarke MR, and Watson EA, Jr.},
Title = {Reproductive success of feral vs. colony born rhesus
females: Implications for breeding programs},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {10},
Pages = {443},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds30820}
}
@article{fds30821,
Author = {Zucker EL and Watson EA, Jr. and Clarke MR},
Title = {Group change and secondary sex ratios for corral-living
rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {10},
Pages = {443},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds30821}
}
@article{fds30822,
Author = {Zucker EL, and Clarke MR},
Title = {Male-male interactions in a group of free-ranging howling
monkeys},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {10},
Pages = {443},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds30822}
}
@article{fds30823,
Author = {Clarke MR},
Title = {Interactions of adult male howling monkeys (Alouatta
palliata) with immatures in a free-ranging social
group},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {69},
Pages = {188},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds30823}
}
@article{fds29057,
Author = {Clarke MR},
Title = {Teaching primate behavior in a field situation},
Series = {In: Beyond the Laboratory, Alternatives in Comparative
Psychology. 31st Annual Meeting of the Southeastern
Psychological Association, Atlanta, GA},
Year = {1985},
Key = {fds29057}
}
@article{fds30824,
Author = {Clarke MR},
Title = {Behavior of adult females towards group infants in
free-ranging howlers},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {8},
Number = {4},
Pages = {336},
Year = {1985},
Key = {fds30824}
}
@article{fds30825,
Author = {Clarke MR, and Zucker EL},
Title = {Distribution of howling monkeys (Alouattapalliata) in a dry,
deciduous tropical forest},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {66},
Number = {2},
Pages = {156},
Year = {1985},
Key = {fds30825}
}
@article{fds28994,
Author = {Clarke MR, and Glander KE},
Title = {Female reproductive success in a group of free-ranging
howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in Costa
Rica},
Pages = {111-126},
Booktitle = {FEMALE PRIMATES: STUDIES BY WOMEN PRIMATOLOGISTS},
Publisher = {Alan R. Liss, New York},
Editor = {M.F.Small},
Year = {1984},
Key = {fds28994}
}
@article{fds30826,
Author = {Clarke MR},
Title = {A comparison of male and female infant howling monkeys in a
free-ranging group in Costa Rica},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {6},
Number = {4},
Pages = {401},
Year = {1984},
Key = {fds30826}
}
@article{fds28995,
Author = {Clarke MR},
Title = {Infant-killing and infant disappearance following male
takeover in a group of howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata)
in Costa Rica},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {5},
Number = {3},
Pages = {241-247},
Year = {1983},
Key = {fds28995}
}
@article{fds30827,
Author = {Clarke MR, and Glander KE},
Title = {Variability in reproductive success of female mantled
howlers over an 11-year period},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {4},
Number = {4},
Pages = {440},
Year = {1983},
Key = {fds30827}
}
@article{fds30828,
Author = {Kaplan JR and Manuck SB and Clarke MR and Bumsted
PT},
Title = {Psychophysiology of spontaneous social behavior among
cynomolgus macaques},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {4},
Number = {4},
Pages = {347},
Year = {1983},
Key = {fds30828}
}
@article{fds28998,
Author = {Clarke MR},
Title = {Socialization, infant mortality, and infant-nonmother
interactions in howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in Costa
Rica},
Series = {DISSERTATION ABSTRACTS INTERNATIONAL A43(4):1217, (Order
#DA-8220132)},
Publisher = {University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI
48106},
Year = {1982},
Key = {fds28998}
}
@article{fds30829,
Author = {Clarke MR and Nicks EC and Grady AR and Kaplan
JR},
Title = {Use of space by juvenile green monkeys and patas monkeys.
In: Comparative behavior of African monkeys: Are primate
models applicable?},
Journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {153},
Year = {1982},
Key = {fds30829}
}
@article{fds28996,
Author = {Clarke MR, and Glander KE},
Title = {Adoption of infant howling monkeys (Alouatta
palliata)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {1},
Number = {4},
Pages = {469-472},
Year = {1981},
Key = {fds28996}
}
@article{fds30830,
Author = {Clarke MR},
Title = {Aspects of male behavior in the mantled howler (Alouatta
palliata Gray) in Costa Rica},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {54},
Pages = {209},
Year = {1981},
Key = {fds30830}
}
@article{fds30831,
Author = {Glander KE, and Clarke MR},
Title = {Sex ratio and differential mortality in howling
monkeys},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {54},
Pages = {225},
Year = {1981},
Key = {fds30831}
}
@article{fds30832,
Author = {Clarke MR},
Title = {Interactions of bonnet monkey infants with
nonmothers},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {50},
Pages = {428},
Year = {1979},
Key = {fds30832}
}
@article{fds28997,
Author = {Clarke MR},
Title = {Social interactions of juvenile female bonnet monkeys
(Macaca radiata)},
Volume = {19},
Series = {PRIMATES},
Number = {3},
Pages = {517-524},
Year = {1978},
Key = {fds28997}
}
@article{fds29058,
Author = {Clarke MR},
Title = {Various Presentations Given},
Year = {1977},
Key = {fds29058}
}
@article{fds30833,
Author = {Clarke MR, and Neville MK},
Title = {Social interactions of female juvenile bonnet
macaques},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {47},
Pages = {124},
Year = {1977},
Key = {fds30833}
}
%% Cuddahee, Rebecca E
@article{fds168710,
Author = {Cuddahee RE},
Title = {Book Review of Komar DA and Buikstra JE, Forensic
Anthropology: Contemporary Theory and Practice},
Journal = {Paleoanthropology},
Pages = {171-172},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds168710}
}
@article{fds168712,
Author = {Cuddahee RE and Bobe R},
Title = {Variability selection and Kolpochoerus heseloni
(Artiodactyla, Suidae): a model for the dichotomous
morphologies of Australopithecus afarensis},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology
Supplement},
Volume = {48},
Pages = {13},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds168712}
}
@article{fds168713,
Author = {Cuddahee RE and Madden R and Churchill S and Bobe
R.},
Title = {Non-dietary abrasives and the evolution of hominin
megadonty},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds168713}
}
@article{fds168708,
Author = {Cuddahee RE and Madden RH and Bobe R and Churchill
SE},
Title = {All the Dirt on Megadontia: Earth Surface Processes in
Hominin Evolution. Paper presented at the 2nd Annual
Conference of the East African Association of
Paleoanthropology and Paleoarchaeology, Arusha,
Tanzania},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds168708}
}
%% Daniel, Gonzalez-Socoloske
@article{fds172100,
Author = {Gonzalez-Socoloske D and Olivera-Gomez LD and Ford
RE},
Title = {Detection of free-ranging West Indian manatees Trichechus
manatus using side-scan sonar},
Journal = {Endangered Species Research},
Volume = {8},
Pages = {249-257},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds172100}
}
@article{fds175230,
Author = {Gonzalez-Socoloske D. and Olivera‐Gomez L.D. and Quintana‐Rizzo E.},
Title = {Primer Simposio para la Biología y Conservación del
manatí Antillano (Trichechus manatus manatus) en
Mesoamerica},
Journal = {Mesoamericana},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-9},
Year = {2007},
ISSN = {1659-2794},
Key = {fds175230}
}
@article{fds172102,
Author = {Goodwin HT and Michener GR and Gonzalez D},
Title = {Hibernation is recorded in lower incisors of recent and
fossil ground squirrel (Spermophilus)},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalogy},
Volume = {86},
Number = {2},
Pages = {323-332},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds172102}
}
%% Digby, Leslie J.
@misc{fds303334,
Author = {Digby, LJ},
Title = {Cooperative Breeding},
Booktitle = {International Encyclopedia of Primatology},
Publisher = {Wiley Blackwell},
Editor = {Fuentes, A},
Year = {2015},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds303334}
}
@article{fds291869,
Author = {Schneider-Crease, IA and Schopler, R and Digby,
LJ},
Title = {Cross-species parasite patterns: Pinworm prevalence in
captive lemurs.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {150},
Pages = {243-244},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000318043202266&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds291869}
}
@article{fds221762,
Author = {Scheider-Crease, I and Schopler, R and Digby,
L},
Title = {. Patterns of gastrointestinal parasite infection in
lemurs.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {150},
Number = {S56},
Pages = {243-244},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds221762}
}
@article{fds221763,
Author = {Pendleton, Z and Digby, L},
Title = {Behavioral thermoregulation in lemurs: the role of 3D use of
the forest..},
Journal = {Abstracts of the International Primatological
Society},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds221763}
}
@misc{fds300077,
Author = {Digby, LJ},
Title = {Activity and ranging patterns in common marmosets
(Callithrix jacchus): implications for reproductive
strategies.},
Pages = {175-185},
Booktitle = {Adaptive Radiations of Neotropical Primates},
Publisher = {Springer Science & Business Media},
Editor = {Norconk, M and Rosenberger, A and Garber, P},
Year = {2011},
Month = {June},
ISBN = {9781441987709},
Abstract = {Lorini, M.L. and Persson, V.G. 1994. Status of field
research on Leontopithecus caissara: the Black-Faced Lion
Tamarin Project. Neotropical Primates, 2(suppl.): 52–55.
Mace, G. and Stuart, S. 1994. Draft IUCN Red List
categories, Version 2.2.},
Key = {fds300077}
}
@article{fds300082,
Author = {Digby, L and King, L},
Title = {Social learning in the ring-tailed lemur},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {144},
Number = {supp 52},
Pages = {126-126},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000288034000209&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {http://physanth.org/annual-meeting/2011/21502_AAPA-2011-Abstract.pdf},
Key = {fds300082}
}
@misc{fds300080,
Author = {Digby, LJ and Ferrari, SF and Saltzman, W},
Title = {The role of competition in cooperatively breeding
species},
Pages = {91-107},
Booktitle = {Primates in Perspective},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press, USA},
Editor = {Campbell, C and Fuentes, A and MacKnight, KC and Panger, M and Bearder,
S},
Year = {2011},
ISBN = {9780195390438},
Key = {fds300080}
}
@misc{fds52271,
Author = {L. Digby and W. Saltzman},
Title = {Balancing cooperation and competition in callitrichid
primates: examining the relative risk of infanticide across
species},
Booktitle = {The Smallest Anthropoids: The Marmoset/Callimico
Radiation},
Publisher = {Springer Verlag},
Editor = {SM Ford and LM Porter and LC Davis},
Year = {2009},
Month = {November},
ISBN = {978-1-4419-0292-4},
Abstract = {At least seven cases of infanticide by females other than
the mother have been observed in wild groups of common
marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), with several more cases
described for captive groups. Infanticide by females other
than the mother has not, however, been documented for wild
groups of other callitrichine species. Why might such overt
aggression toward infants occur in one species and not
others? In the common marmoset, a variety of social,
reproductive and ecological characteristics – including
short inter- birth intervals (and the resulting potential
for overlapping of pregnancies and births), habitat
saturation, small home ranges, and low cost of infant care
(including decreased travel costs and short dependency
periods compared to other callitrichines) – may contribute
to an increased likelihood of two breeding females being
present in a group, which in turn gives rise to the
potential for competition between breeding females and
ultimately to infanticide. These conditions are less common
in wild groups of most other callitrichines species. All
callitrichines balance the need for cooperative care of
young with the reproductive competition that results from
limited reproductive opportunities; however ecological and
social conditions appear to tip the balance toward
infanticide more frequently in common marmosets than in
other callitrichine species.},
Key = {fds52271}
}
@article{fds167023,
Author = {L.J. Digby},
Title = {A new technique for calculating 3D and 4D home range
volumes: an update},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {71 (supplement)},
Pages = {72},
Year = {2009},
Month = {September},
Abstract = {Home range use is a key element in any field study of
primate ecology. Yet traditional techniques call for a
simple two-dimensional area of range use, even for those
arboreal species that exist in a three-dimensional habitat.
Here, I present a new technique for calculating
three-dimensional (3D) home range “volumes” using
familiar techniques and, where possible, readily available
software. Data were collected on three semi-free ranging
groups (3-6 individuals/per group)housed in a large (11+ ha)
forested enclosure at the Duke Lemur Center in Durham, North
Carolina. Using focal animal sampling and GPS units, we
sampled height as well as latitude and longitude every 5
minutes. Results indicate that the groups had very similar
2D home range areas as calculated by traditional means
[range 1.7-1.9ha]. But, each group differed substantially in
their home range volumes [Lemur: 202,000 c3; Eulemur:
468,000 c3; Varecia: 576,000 c3], reflecting their
differences in height use. We used a “stacked grid”
calculation, but a stacked polygon method is also viable. We
are also working on a 3D version of kernel estimators. With
the miniaturization of GPS collars, allowing for location
24/7, we also hope to acquire four dimensional (4D) home
range volumes (x, y, z and time). Current studies using this
technique include investigating the impact of infants on
home range volumes and variation across years with varying
degrees of rainfall and forest disturbance.},
Key = {fds167023}
}
@misc{fds153453,
Author = {Abbott, D.H. and Digby, L.J. and Saltzman, W.},
Title = {Reproductive skew in female common marmosets: contributions
of infanticide and subordinate self restraint.},
Booktitle = {Reproductive Skew in Vertebrates: Proximate and Ultimate
Causes},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Hagar, R. and Jones, C.},
Year = {2009},
Month = {September},
ISBN = {978-0-521-86409-1},
Key = {fds153453}
}
@misc{fds300079,
Author = {Digby, LJ and Saltzman, W},
Title = {Balancing cooperation and competition in callitrichine
primates: examining the relative risk of infanticide across
species.},
Pages = {135-154},
Booktitle = {The Smallest Anthropoids The Marmoset/Callimico
Radiation},
Publisher = {Springer Science & Business Media},
Editor = {Ford, S and Porter, L and Davis, L},
Year = {2009},
Month = {August},
ISBN = {9781441902931},
Abstract = {Here is a comprehensive examination of the newly recognized
callimico/marmoset clade, which includes the smallest
anthropoid primates on earth.},
Key = {fds300079}
}
@article{fds291875,
Author = {Digby, LJ},
Title = {A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINING THREE DIMENSIONAL AND FOUR
DIMENSIONAL HOME RANGE VOLUMES: AN UPDATE},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {71},
Pages = {72-72},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2009},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000269369800132&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds291875}
}
@article{fds291879,
Author = {Saltzman, W and Digby, LJ and Abbott, DH},
Title = {Reproductive skew in female common marmosets: what can
proximate mechanisms tell us about ultimate
causes?},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {276},
Number = {1656},
Pages = {389-399},
Year = {2009},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0962-8452},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1374},
Abstract = {Common marmosets are cooperatively breeding monkeys that
exhibit high reproductive skew: most subordinate females
fail to reproduce, while others attempt to breed but produce
very few surviving infants. An extensive dataset on the
mechanisms limiting reproduction in laboratory-housed and
free living subordinate females provides unique insights
into the causes of reproductive skew. Non-breeding adult
females undergo suppression of ovulation and inhibition of
sexual behaviour; however, they receive little or no
aggression or mating interference by dominants and do not
exhibit behavioural or physiological signs of stress.
Breeding subordinate females receive comparable amounts of
aggression to non-breeding females but are able to conceive,
gestate and lactate normally. In groups containing two
breeding females,however, both dominant and subordinate
breeders kill one another's infants. These findings suggest
that preconception reproductive suppression is not imposed
on subordinate females by dominants, at a proximate level,
but is instead self-imposed by most subordinates, consistent
with restraint models of reproductive skew. In contrast to
restraint models, however, this self-suppression probably
evolved not in response to the threat of eviction by
dominant females but in response to the threat of
infanticide. Thus,reproductive skew in this species appears
to be generated predominantly by subordinate self-restraint,
in a proximate sense, but ultimately by dominant control
over subordinates' reproductive attempts.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2008.1374},
Key = {fds291879}
}
@misc{fds291868,
Author = {Abbott, DH and Digby, L and Saltzman, W},
Title = {Reproductive skew in female common marmosets:
Contributionsof infanticide and subordinate
self-restraint},
Pages = {337-368},
Booktitle = {Reproductive Skew in Vertebrates: Proximate and Ultimate
Causes},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780521864091},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511641954.014},
Abstract = {The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a cooperatively
breeding monkey that exhibits high reproductive skew among
females. At the proximate level, this high skew is
maintained, for the most part, by reproductive selfrestraint
in subordinates, involving specialized behavioral and
neuroendocrine responses to the presence of a dominant
female. When subordinates terminate this self-restraint,
however, dominant females frequently control subordinates’
reproductive attempts by killing their infants. Based on
data collected over 20 years from both the field and the
laboratory, we propose that such infanticide constitutes not
only a proximate mechanism limiting subordinate females’
reproductive success, but also an ultimate mechanism
favoring selection for reproductive self-restraint in
subordinate females. Our hypothesis is consistent with both
the commitment model of reproductive skew (Hamilton 2004),
in terms of pre-conception restraint, and the discriminate
infanticide model (Hager & Johnstone 2004), in terms of
infanticide as a mechanism driving subordinate
self-restraint. Parallel, long-term field and laboratory
studies of common marmosets provide powerful
interdisciplinary approaches enabling investigation of
mechanisms regulating female reproductive skew at a
proximate level, while providing novel insight into
potential ultimate causation. Introduction Among primates,
moderate female reproductive skew, manifest as high
reproductive success among a limited number of adult females
in a social group, is associated with social dominance in
many species (Abbott et al. 2003). Extreme monopoly of
reproduction by only one or two females, however, is
restricted to most, but not all, members of a single primate
subfamily, the Callitrichinae (the marmosets and tamarins).
These species, especially the well-studied common marmoset
(Callithrix jacchus), present an opportunity to integrate
both proximate and ultimate explanations of reproductive
strategies in order to better understand the evolution and
mechanisms of reproductive skew.},
Doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511641954.014},
Key = {fds291868}
}
@article{fds291873,
Author = {Digby, LJ and Haley, M and Schneider, AC and del Valle,
I},
Title = {Sensorimotor intelligence in aye-ayes and other lemurs: A
puzzle box approach},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {70},
Number = {supp 1},
Pages = {54-54},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2008},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000256456800103&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Aye-ayes, Daubentonia madagascariensis, have a larger than
expected encephalization quotient compared to other
prosimians, including a relatively large frontal cortex.
This suggests more complex sensorimotor abilities compared
to other lemurs, but previous tests have been equivocal. We
predicted aye-ayes could solve puzzle boxes if they were
allowed to “learn” to open the boxes via 3 increasingly
complex iterations of a puzzle box. We tested 8 aye-ayes
housed at the Duke Lemur Center using 3 versions of a puzzle
box with: 1) a simple cover that could be pulled off 2) a
single hinged cover and 3) a double-flapped cover. Each box
was baited with a favorite food item. Controls were
introduced only to box 3. Controls were later used as test
subjects. Six of the 8 test subjects were able to solve all
three puzzle box configurations. Only 2 of 5 control
subjects completed box 3, despite high interest. The study
was replicated with Lemur catta and Varecia variegata (n =
19). Only 3 of 12 test subjects and none of the control
subjects successfully completed the most complex box. These
preliminary results suggest a real difference in the
sensorimotor abilities of aye-ayes compared to other lemur
species. Tests are continuing to see if some of these
differences are due to the distinct foraging strategies of
each species.},
Key = {fds291873}
}
@article{fds153455,
Author = {L.J. Digby},
Title = {A new approach to primate home ranges: Using 3D and 4D data
to calculate home range volumes and use},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology - Abstracts},
Year = {2008},
Abstract = {Home ranges are a key element to most field studies of
primate behaviour and ecology. Home range can be used to
determine the impact of changes in resource availability,
group size, and interspecies competition. As such, accurate
calculation of use of space is essential. While there have
been improvements in how we estimate home range use (e.g.,
least polygons and kernel estimators) all continue to use
only 2D measures. For arboreal species, this leaves out an
entire dimension – height. Here, I describe a new method
for determining 3D home range volumes using three species of
semi-free ranging lemurs housed in a large (11+ ha),
forested enclosure at the Duke Lemur Center. Using focal
animal sampling, the location of the animal was recorded
every five minutes using hand-held GPS units along with the
animal’s height in the trees. All three groups had home
range “areas” of approximately 2 ha (range: 1.7-1.9 ha),
but differed greatly in their use of height (12m – 30m
max. height). The resulting home range “volumes” thus
differed substantially: Lemur: 202,000 c3; Eulemur: 468,000
c3 ; Varecia: 576,000 c3. These calculations were determined
using a “stacked grid” method, but “stacked
polygons” could also be used. Ultimately, these more
complete descriptions of home range use, in conjunction with
new technologies that will allow for 24/7 data collection
(e.g., GPS collars), will allow for the calculation of 4D
(x,y, z coordinates + time) home range use and interactions
and for a more complete understanding of primate home
ranges.},
Key = {fds153455}
}
@article{fds291880,
Author = {Digby, L and McLean Stevens and A},
Title = {Maintenance of female dominance in blue-eyed black lemurs
(Eulemur macaco flavifrons) and gray bamboo lemurs
(Hapalemur griseus griseus) under semi-free-ranging and
captive conditions.},
Journal = {Zoo biology},
Volume = {26},
Number = {5},
Pages = {345-361},
Year = {2007},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0733-3188},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.20140},
Abstract = {Several species of Malagasy prosimians are characterized by
female dominance, an unusual trait among mammals. We compare
the extent to which female dominance is displayed and the
mechanisms that are used to maintain dominance in the
frugivorous blue-eyed black lemurs (Eulemur macaco
flavifrons) and the folivorous gray bamboo lemurs (Hapalemur
griseus griseus) housed at the Duke Lemur Center. All
dominant-submissive interactions were recorded during 448 hr
of focal animal observations. Both species of lemurs
exhibited clear patterns of female dominance. However, the
two species used aggressive dominance (defined as
aggression+submission) and social dominance (defined as
submission in the absence of aggression) to different
extents in maintaining hierarchies within each group. The
adult female blue-eyed black lemurs used aggressive
dominance (e.g., chase, cuff, bite) in more of their
dominance interactions (66%) than did the adult female gray
bamboo lemurs (40%). In both species, rates of aggressive
dominance interactions were higher during feeding versus
nonfeeding periods and while in smaller outdoor runs versus
larger natural habitat enclosures, but the differences were
not significant. Overall blue-eyed black lemurs exhibit a
more aggressive form of female dominance compared to the
gray bamboo lemur. Zoo Biol 26:345-361, 2007. (c) 2007
Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/zoo.20140},
Key = {fds291880}
}
@article{fds291871,
Author = {Digby, LJ},
Title = {Marmosets: Cooperative breeders or fierce
competitors?},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {69},
Number = {Supp 1},
Pages = {124-124},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2007},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000247093700192&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds291871}
}
@article{fds291872,
Author = {Digby, LJ},
Title = {Determining home range "volumes" in primates: why are we
using two-dimensional measures for species that live in a
three-dimensional world?},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {100-100},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2007},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000244656500176&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Measures of home range are an important part of the ecology
of primate species. Changes in resource availability,
competition from sympatric species, and changes in group
size are all impact the use of space by a group. As such,
accurate measures of home range use are important in
understanding the basic ecology of a species. Yet,
traditionally, home range use has been measured as a
two-dimensional area, leaving out the third dimension,
height. This study lays out a method for calculating and
using three-dimensional home ranges using three species of
semi-free ranging lemurs housed in natural habitat
enclosures at the Duke Lemur Center. Using focal animal
sampling, animal location (determined by GPS) and height
estimates were recorded at 5-minute intervals throughout the
day. While home range areas did not vary greatly, height did
vary resulting in homes ranges of distinct volume and shape.
The use of three-dimensional home range volumes will allow
for more accurate determinations of how ecological variables
influence the costs of resource acquisition and protection
from predators in a variety of arboreal species. New
technologies that may enable the remote sensing of animal
movements through the forest will also be
discussed.},
Key = {fds291872}
}
@misc{fds44364,
Author = {L.J. Digby and S.F. Ferrari and W. Saltzman},
Title = {Callitrichines: the role of competition in cooperatively
breeding species.},
Booktitle = {Primates in Perspective},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Editor = {K.C. MacKinnon and M. Panger and S. Bearder and C. Campbell and A.
Fuentes},
Year = {2006},
Month = {February},
Key = {fds44364}
}
@article{fds291874,
Author = {Digby, LJ and Saltzman, W},
Title = {Is infanticide by females more common in the common marmoset
(Callithrix jacchus)? Implications for how callitrichines
balance cooperation and competition.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {95-95},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000227214900132&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds291874}
}
@article{fds28305,
Author = {Digby, L.J. and Saltzman, S.F.},
Title = {Is infanticide by females unique to the common marmoset
(Callithrix jacchus)? Implications for how callitrichines
balance cooperation and competition},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {Supplement},
Year = {2005},
Abstract = {The callitrichines are known for their unusual reproductive
system where breeding is typically limited by physiological
suppression or behavioral inhibition to a single breeding
female per group. In those groups where a second female does
breed, the subordinate breeding female may still have
difficulty successfully raising young. At least six
infanticides by females other than the mother have been
observed in wild groups of common marmosets with several
more cases being described for captive groups. But
infanticide has not been documented for other wild groups of
callitrichines. Here we examine the contexts that give rise
to infanticide by females and how they differ across
callitrichines genera. Contexts include the prevalence of
polygynous groups (which in turn may be related to the
presence of an unrelated male), reproductive state of other
females in the group (including overlapping pregnancies and
presence of lactating females) and overall cost of infant
care.},
Key = {fds28305}
}
@article{fds291870,
Author = {Digby, LJ and Stevens, AM},
Title = {A comparison of female dominance in blue-eyed black lemurs
(Eulemur macaco flavifrons) and gray gentle lemurs
(Hapalemur griseus griseus)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {88-88},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000207846400147&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds291870}
}
@article{fds28306,
Author = {Digby, L.J. and Stevens, A.M.},
Title = {A comparison of female dominance in blue-eyed black lemurs
(Eulemur macaco flavifrons) and gray bamboo lemurs
(Hapalemur griseus griseus)},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology, Supplement
38},
Pages = {88},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds28306}
}
@article{fds291878,
Author = {Digby, LJ and Kahlenberg, SM},
Title = {Female dominance in blue-eyed black lemurs(Eulemur macaco
flavifrons).},
Journal = {Primates; journal of primatology},
Volume = {43},
Number = {3},
Pages = {191-199},
Year = {2002},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0032-8332},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12145400},
Abstract = {Female dominance is unusual among mammals and has been
described in detail for only a handful of species. Here we
present data on the frequency and outcome of dominance
interactions in seven semi-free ranging and captive groups
of blue-eyed black lemurs (Eulemur macaco flavifrons) housed
at the Duke University Primate Center. We collected over 260
hours of focal data during which all occurrences of
dominant-subordinate interactions were recorded. We
collected data outside the typical breeding and birthing
seasons for this species, thus eliminating possible
confounding factors and increased aggression associated with
these periods. We found that females were dominant over
males in all seven groups, with females winning 99% of all
dominance interactions. E. m. flavifrons used aggressive
dominance (e.g. chase, cuff, bite) in 81% of all
interactions, with the remainder of interactions being
decided using social dominance (e.g. deference in the form
of supplants or cowers). Older females were dominant over
younger females in two out of three multi-female groups (in
each case, younger females were daughters), and younger
males (sons of the dominant female) received less aggression
from females than did older males (n = 2 groups). Caging and
group size appear to play a minimal role in the expression
of female dominance. While confirmation must await further
observations on free-ranging groups of E. m. flavifrons, our
data strongly suggest that this subspecies can be
characterized as female dominant.},
Doi = {10.1007/bf02629647},
Key = {fds291878}
}
@misc{fds300078,
Author = {Digby, LJ},
Title = {Infanticide by female mammals: implications for the
evolution of social systems},
Pages = {423-446},
Booktitle = {Infanticide by Males and Its Implications},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {C. van Schaik and C. Janson},
Year = {2000},
Month = {November},
ISBN = {9780521774987},
Abstract = {Infanticide by males and its implications Male primates,
carnivores and rodents sometimes kill infants that they did
not sire. Infanticide by males is a relatively common
phenomenon in these groups, but tends to be rare in any
given species.},
Key = {fds300078}
}
@article{fds291881,
Author = {Nievergelt, CM and Digby, LJ and Ramakrishnan, U and Woodruff,
DS},
Title = {Genetic analysis of group composition and breeding system in
a wild common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)
population},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {21},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-20},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005411227810},
Abstract = {We established pedigree relations in three wild common
marmoset social groups for which observational data were
available, together with genotypes of some individuals from
neighboring groups. Relatedness of 40 individuals were based
on 11 microsatellite loci amplified from nDNA obtained
noninvasively from plucked hair. The wild marmosets were
only half as variable as a captive population characterized
previously: 2-6 alleles/locus; H(o) = 0.41 and H(E) = 0.35.
Parentage exclusion probabilities were 61.8% for an
offspring and one alleged parent and 90.7% for an offspring
with one confirmed and one alleged parent. Each group (n =
5-14 individuals) had two breeding females and ≥2 adult
males. Within each group the infants and reproductively
inactive adults were closely related to at least the
breeding females; the latter were related to each other as
closely as mother/infant pairs or sisters. Relatedness of
adult males was lower, indicating recent intergroup
dispersal. Genetic data confirm Callithrix jacchus live in
relatively stable extended family groups of closely related
individuals. Matings occurred preferentially among the least
related adults and most infants were fathered by the
dominant male. The genetic data are consistent with
polygynmonandry as are the field observations. Callithrix
have variable mating systems, ranging from monogamy to
polyandry to polygyny within social groups plus extragroup
copulations; our data provide no evidence for polyandry and
are inconclusive with respect to extragroup paternity.
Nevertheless, noninvasive multilocus genotyping methods will
resolve these questions when longer-term studies of entire
populations are undertaken.},
Doi = {10.1023/A:1005411227810},
Key = {fds291881}
}
@article{fds291877,
Author = {Archie, EA and Digby, LJ},
Title = {Juvenile dominance in Eulemur macaco flavifrons: the
influence of sex and maternal rank.},
Journal = {Folia primatologica; international journal of
primatology},
Volume = {70},
Number = {5},
Pages = {277-281},
Year = {1999},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0015-5713},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10567834},
Doi = {10.1159/000021708},
Key = {fds291877}
}
@article{fds291890,
Author = {Digby, LJ},
Title = {Sexual behavior and extragroup copulations in a wild
population of common marmosets (Callithrix
jacchus).},
Journal = {Folia primatologica; international journal of
primatology},
Volume = {70},
Number = {3},
Pages = {136-145},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0015-5713},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10394062},
Abstract = {Sexual behavior and mating patterns are described for 3
free-ranging groups of common marmosets living in a coastal
forest in northeastern Brazil. Each group contained 2
breeding females. Within groups, sexual behavior was
generally restricted to breeding females and a single
behaviorally dominant male. Of 101 mounts and copulations,
24 involved pairings of individuals from 2 different groups.
Extragroup sexual behavior was performed by both breeding
and nonbreeding group members, and 65% of all adults mounted
or copulated with an extragroup individual at least once.
Sexual behavior occurred throughout the female reproductive
cycle but was significantly more frequent during an 11-day
'conception period'. Thus, while female marmosets show no
physical signs of estrus, both males and females likely do
have some information about the timing of ovulation. Mating
patterns in this population included both polygyny and
monogamy and varied between groups and over
time.},
Doi = {10.1159/000021686},
Key = {fds291890}
}
@article{fds291891,
Author = {Digby, LJ},
Title = {Targeting aggression in blue-eyed black lemurs (Eulemur
macaco flavifrons)},
Journal = {Primates},
Volume = {40},
Number = {4},
Pages = {613-617},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02574836},
Doi = {10.1007/BF02574836},
Key = {fds291891}
}
@article{fds28308,
Author = {Digby, L.J. and Kahlenberg, S.},
Title = {Female dominance in blue-eyed black lemurs (Eulemur macaco
flavifrons) at the Duke University Primate
Center},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {Supplement 28},
Pages = {119},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds28308}
}
@article{fds28309,
Author = {Digby, L. Merrill and M.Y. and Davis, E.T.},
Title = {Infanticide as an extreme form of female reproductive
competition in primates and social carnivores},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {Supplement 26},
Pages = {77},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds28309}
}
@article{fds291889,
Author = {Digby, LJ and Barreto, CE},
Title = {Vertebrate predation in common marmosets},
Journal = {Neotropical Primates},
Volume = {6},
Number = {4},
Pages = {124-126},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds291889}
}
@article{fds28310,
Author = {Digby, L. and Merrill, M.Y. and Davis, E.T.},
Title = {Infanticide by female mammals. Part I: Primates},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {42},
Number = {2},
Pages = {105-106},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds28310}
}
@article{fds291876,
Author = {Digby, LJ and Barreto, CE},
Title = {Activity and ranging patterns in common marmosets
(Callithrix jacchus) - Implications for reproductive
strategies},
Journal = {ADAPTIVE RADIATIONS OF NEOTROPICAL PRIMATES},
Pages = {173-185},
Booktitle = {Adaptive Radiations of Neotropical Primates},
Publisher = {PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP},
Editor = {Norconk, MA and Rosenberger, AL and Garber, PA},
Year = {1996},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {0-306-45399-1},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1996BH52P00010&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds291876}
}
@article{fds28311,
Author = {Digby, L.J. and Barreto, C.E.},
Title = {Female reproductive strategies in polygynous groups of
common marmosets},
Series = {Abstracts-XVIth Congress of the International Primatological
Society & XIXth Conference of the American Society of
Primatologists, Madison, Wisconsin #055},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds28311}
}
@article{fds28314,
Author = {Abbott, D. H. and Digby, L.J. and French, J.A. and Saltzman,
W.},
Title = {Variation in the Breeding Systems of Marmosets and Tamarins:
Ecology, Phylogeny and Mechanism},
Series = {Abstracts-XVIth Congress of the International Primatological
Society & XIXth Conference of the American Society of
Primatologists, Madison, Wisconsin #054},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds28314}
}
@article{fds28315,
Author = {Digby, L.J. and Ferrari, S.F. and Castro, A.A.J.F.},
Title = {Preliminary records of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
from Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, Piauí,
Brazil},
Journal = {. American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {Supplement 22},
Pages = {97},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds28315}
}
@article{fds291887,
Author = {Ferrari, SF and Digby, LJ},
Title = {Wild Callithrix groups: stable extended families?},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {38},
Number = {1},
Pages = {19-27},
Year = {1996},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2345(1996)38:1<19::aid-ajp3>3.0.co;2-w},
Abstract = {Data from field studies of three Callithrix species, C.
flaviceps, C. intermedia, and C. jacchus, are considered in
an attempt to characterize group dynamics in this genus. The
three groups considered in detail contrast significantly in
many behavioral (mating system, ranging behavior, activity
patterns) and ecological (zoogeography, habitat, diet)
variables. Despite this, all three groups are highly similar
in a number of characteristics, including relatively large
size, high reproductive output, and low rates of migration.
The evidence suggests that Callithrix groups may frequently
encompass three generations and are characterized by a high
degree of both stability and relatedness between group
members. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1098-2345(1996)38:1<19::aid-ajp3>3.0.co;2-w},
Key = {fds291887}
}
@article{fds291888,
Author = {Digby, LJ and Ferrari, SF and Castro, AAJF},
Title = {Preliminary records of common marmosets in the Parque
Nacional de Sete Cidades, Piauí, Brazil},
Journal = {Neotropical Primates},
Volume = {4},
Number = {2},
Pages = {53-55},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds291888}
}
@article{fds291885,
Author = {Digby, LJ},
Title = {Social organization in a wild population of Callithrix
jacchus: II. Intragroup social behavior},
Journal = {Primates},
Volume = {36},
Number = {3},
Pages = {361-375},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1995},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0032-8332},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382859},
Abstract = {The social behavior of the common marmoset has been well
studied in captivity, but little is known about the social
dynamics of this species in its natural habitat. Social
relationships were studied in three polygynous groups of
common marmosets, Callithrix jacchus, in northeastern
Brazil. Breeding adults appeared to be the center of social
life and were the most frequent grooming partners or nearest
neighbors for most adult group members. The observations of
unidirectional agonistic interactions suggest that breeding
adults were also dominant over all other group members, but
that neither sex was dominant over the other. The dynamics
of within-group social relationships are likely to be
important determinants in the reproductive strategies
employed by marmoset females. © 1995 Japan Monkey
Centre.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF02382859},
Key = {fds291885}
}
@article{fds300081,
Author = {DIGBY, L},
Title = {MARMOSETS AND TAMARINS - SYSTEMATICS, BEHAVIOR AND ECOLOGY -
RYLANDS,AB},
Journal = {ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR},
Volume = {49},
Number = {2},
Pages = {560-561},
Publisher = {ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD},
Year = {1995},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1995QH12300040&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds300081}
}
@article{fds291886,
Author = {Digby, L},
Title = {Infant care, infanticide, and female reproductive strategies
in polygynous groups of common marmosets (Callithrix
jacchus)},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Volume = {37},
Number = {1},
Pages = {51-61},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00173899},
Abstract = {Reproduction in marmoset and tamarin groups is typically
restricted to a single dominant female, but it is unclear
why subordinate females tolerate delayed reproduction. The
presence of two breeding females in free-ranging groups of
common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) presented a unique
opportunity to examine differences in the reproductive
strategies of dominant and subordinate females. Three groups
were monitored for 12–18 months at a forest reserve in
northeastern Brazil. Data on infant care were collected
during two consecutive all-day follows every 10 days until
the infants were 2 months old. Carrying patterns for infants
born to dominant females were similar to those observed in
groups containing a single breeding female. All group
members over 5 months of age participated in infant care,
and dominant females allowed some group members to carry
their infants from the 1 st day of life. In contrast,
subordinate females were protective of their offspring and
were their sole caretakers for at least a week following
birth. One infant born to a subordinate was killed in an
attack involving the dominant female. Overall, dominant
females gave birth to more infants and had higher infant
survival than did subordinate breeding females. subordinate
females were successful in rearing young only when the
timing of births was such that they did not overlap with the
dependency period of infants born to the dominant female.
These patterns suggest that subordinate females may face
resource competition, especially over access to helpers. In
times of severe competition, subordinate females that delay
reproduction may be avoiding a wasted reproductive effort.
© 1995, Springer-Verlag. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF00173899},
Key = {fds291886}
}
@article{fds28316,
Author = {Digby, L.J. and C.E. Barreto},
Title = {Activity and ranging patterns in the common marmoset
(Callithrix jacchus)},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {36},
Number = {2},
Pages = {120},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds28316}
}
@article{fds291884,
Author = {Digby, LJ and Ferrari, SF},
Title = {Multiple breeding females in free-ranging groups of
Callithrix jacchus},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {15},
Number = {3},
Pages = {389-397},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1994},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02696100},
Abstract = {We present observations on the breeding patterns in a
free-ranging population of common marmosets, Callithrix
jacchus We found evidence of the simultaneous presence of
two reproductively active females in all three monitored
groups. We recorded at least one full reproductive cycle
(conception-birth) for two females in each group, but other
adult females did not breed. An overview of data from other
callitrichid field studies indicates that the observed
pattern may be an additional characteristic of the
flexibility of the social organization of common marmosets.
Comparisons with data from other sites where callithrix has
been studied indicate that the presence of a second breeding
female in a group may be related to high population density,
though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. © 1994
Plenum Publishing Corporation.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF02696100},
Key = {fds291884}
}
@article{fds28317,
Author = {L.J. Digby},
Title = {Infanticide, infant care, and female reproductive strategies
in a wild population of common marmosets},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {Supplement 18},
Pages = {80-81},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds28317}
}
@article{fds291883,
Author = {Tardif, S and Hyde, K and Digby, L},
Title = {. Evidence for suppression of ovulation in singly-housed
female common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)},
Journal = {Laboratory Primate Newsletter},
Volume = {33},
Number = {2},
Pages = {1-4},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds291883}
}
@misc{fds300076,
Author = {Digby, LJ},
Title = {Social Organization and Reproductive Strategies in a Wild
Population of Common Marmosets (Callithrix
jacchus).},
Series = {Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, Davis},
Publisher = {Michigan: University Microfilms International},
Editor = {Rodman, P},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds300076}
}
@article{fds291882,
Author = {Digby, LJ and Barreto, CE},
Title = {Social organization in a wild population of Callithrix
jacchus. I. Group composition and dynamics.},
Journal = {Folia primatologica; international journal of
primatology},
Volume = {61},
Number = {3},
Pages = {123-134},
Year = {1993},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000156739},
Abstract = {Data are presented on group dynamics in a wild population of
the common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, in northeastern
Brazil. Three marked and habituated groups were observed,
and composition noted, for at least 5 days a month over
12-18 consecutive months. Group sizes ranged from 5 to 15
individuals, and changes in group composition were the
result of births, immigrations, and disappearances. No
immigrations into the main study groups were observed
throughout the study period. None of the three known
emigrants was known to join an established or incipient
group for up to 10 weeks after their departure. One group
contained only breeding individuals and their offspring.
Observations of recruitment and loss in the other two groups
suggest that they, too, were extended family groups. The
group dynamics described in studies of other populations of
Callithrix suggest that extended family groups, or at least
groups consisting of breeding individuals and their close
relatives, may be characteristic of those
populations.},
Doi = {10.1159/000156739},
Key = {fds291882}
}
@article{fds28318,
Author = {L.J. Digby},
Title = {Mating systems and sexual behavior in a wild population of
the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)},
Series = {Animal Behavior Society Abstracts, 30th Annual
Meeting},
Pages = {26},
Publisher = {University of California, Davis},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds28318}
}
@article{fds28319,
Author = {Barreto, C.E. and M.F. Arruda and D.P. Santee and L.
Digby},
Title = {Dados preliminares sobre a marcação de cheiro no sagüi
comum (Callithrix jacchus) e sua relação com o uso de goma
em ambiente natural},
Series = {: I Encontro Cientifico do Programa de Pos-Graduação em
Psicobiologia},
Pages = {13},
Publisher = {Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte,
Brazil},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds28319}
}
@article{fds28320,
Author = {L.J. Digby},
Title = {Intruders in the wild: intergroup encounters in a natural
population of Callithrix jacchus},
Series = {Abstracts of the XIVth Congress of the International
Primatological Society},
Pages = {293},
Publisher = {Strasbourg, France},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds28320}
}
@article{fds28321,
Author = {Ferrari, S.F. and L.J. Digby},
Title = {Wild Callithrix groups: stable extended families?},
Series = {Abstracts of the XIVth Congress of the International
Primatological Society},
Pages = {125},
Publisher = {Strasbourg, France},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds28321}
}
@article{fds28322,
Author = {L.J. Digby},
Title = {An experimental test of dispersal choices in Callithrix
jacchus},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {20},
Number = {3},
Pages = {185},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds28322}
}
@article{fds28323,
Author = {Tardif, S. and K. Hyde and L. Digby},
Title = {Social suppression of ovulation in singly-housed common
marmosets},
Journal = {Biology of Reproduction},
Volume = {42},
Pages = {48},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds28323}
}
%% Drea, Christine M.
@misc{fds374278,
Author = {Bornbusch, SL and Power, ML and Schulkin, J and Drea, CM and Maslanka,
MT and Muletz-Wolz, CR},
Title = {Integrating microbiome science and evolutionary medicine
into animal health and conservation.},
Journal = {Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical
Society},
Volume = {99},
Number = {2},
Pages = {458-477},
Year = {2024},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/brv.13030},
Abstract = {Microbiome science has provided groundbreaking insights into
human and animal health. Similarly, evolutionary medicine -
the incorporation of eco-evolutionary concepts into
primarily human medical theory and practice - is
increasingly recognised for its novel perspectives on modern
diseases. Studies of host-microbe relationships have been
expanded beyond humans to include a wide range of animal
taxa, adding new facets to our understanding of animal
ecology, evolution, behaviour, and health. In this review,
we propose that a broader application of evolutionary
medicine, combined with microbiome science, can provide
valuable and innovative perspectives on animal care and
conservation. First, we draw on classic ecological
principles, such as alternative stable states, to propose an
eco-evolutionary framework for understanding variation in
animal microbiomes and their role in animal health and
wellbeing. With a focus on mammalian gut microbiomes, we
apply this framework to populations of animals under human
care, with particular relevance to the many animal species
that suffer diseases linked to gut microbial dysfunction
(e.g. gut distress and infection, autoimmune disorders,
obesity). We discuss diet and microbial landscapes (i.e. the
microbes in the animal's external environment), as two
factors that are (i) proposed to represent evolutionary
mismatches for captive animals, (ii) linked to gut
microbiome structure and function, and (iii) potentially
best understood from an evolutionary medicine perspective.
Keeping within our evolutionary framework, we highlight the
potential benefits - and pitfalls - of modern microbial
therapies, such as pre- and probiotics, faecal microbiota
transplants, and microbial rewilding. We discuss the
limited, yet growing, empirical evidence for the use of
microbial therapies to modulate animal gut microbiomes
beneficially. Interspersed throughout, we propose 12
actionable steps, grounded in evolutionary medicine, that
can be applied to practical animal care and management. We
encourage that these actionable steps be paired with
integration of eco-evolutionary perspectives into our
definitions of appropriate animal care standards. The
evolutionary perspectives proposed herein may be best
appreciated when applied to the broad diversity of species
under human care, rather than when solely focused on humans.
We urge animal care professionals, veterinarians,
nutritionists, scientists, and others to collaborate on
these efforts, allowing for simultaneous care of animal
patients and the generation of valuable empirical
data.},
Doi = {10.1111/brv.13030},
Key = {fds374278}
}
@misc{fds369332,
Author = {Grebe, NM and Sheikh, A and Ohannessian, L and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Effects of oxytocin receptor blockade on dyadic social
behavior in monogamous and non-monogamous
Eulemur.},
Journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology},
Volume = {150},
Pages = {106044},
Year = {2023},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106044},
Abstract = {A prominent body of research spanning disciplines has been
focused on the potential underlying role for oxytocin in the
social signatures of monogamous mating bonds. Behavioral
differences between monogamous and non-monogamous vole
species, putatively mediated by oxytocinergic function,
constitute a key source of support for this mechanism, but
it is unclear to what extent this hormone-behavior linkage
extends to the primate order. In a preregistered experiment,
we test if oxytocin receptor blockade affects affiliative
behavior in mixed-sex pairs of Eulemur, a genus of
strepsirrhine primate containing both monogamous and
non-monogamous species. Inconsistent with past studies in
monogamous voles or monkeys, we do not find confirmatory
evidence in Eulemur that monogamous pairs affiliate more
than non-monogamous pairs, nor that oxytocin receptor
blockade of one pair member selectively corresponds to
reduced affiliative or scent-marking behavior in monogamous
species. We do, however, find exploratory evidence of a
pattern not previously investigated: simultaneously blocking
oxytocin receptors in both members of a monogamous pair
predicts lower rates of affiliative behavior relative to
controls. Our study demonstrates the value of
non-traditional animal models in challenging generalizations
based on model organisms, and of methodological reform in
providing a potential path forward for behavioral oxytocin
research.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106044},
Key = {fds369332}
}
@misc{fds368510,
Author = {Bornbusch, SL and Clarke, TA and Hobilalaina, S and Reseva, HS and LaFleur, M and Drea, CM},
Title = {Microbial rewilding in the gut microbiomes of captive
ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) in Madagascar.},
Journal = {Scientific reports},
Volume = {12},
Number = {1},
Pages = {22388},
Year = {2022},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26861-0},
Abstract = {Microbial rewilding, whereby exposure to naturalistic
environments can modulate or augment gut microbiomes and
improve host-microbe symbiosis, is being harnessed as
an innovative approach to human health, one that may also
have significant value to animal care and conservation. To
test for microbial rewilding in animal microbiomes, we used
a unique population of wild-born ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur
catta) that were initially held as illegal pets in unnatural
settings and, subsequently, relocated to a rescue center in
Madagascar where they live in naturalistic environments.
Using amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing of lemur
and environmental microbiomes, we found multiple lines of
evidence for microbial rewilding in lemurs that were
transitioned from unnatural to naturalistic environments: A
lemur's duration of exposure to naturalistic settings
significantly correlated with (a) increased compositional
similarly to the gut communities of wild lemurs, (b)
decreased proportions of antibiotic resistance genes that
were likely acquired via human contact during pethood, and
(c) greater covariation with soil microbiomes from natural
habitats. Beyond the inherent psychosocial value of
naturalistic environments, we find that actions, such as
providing appropriate diets, minimizing contact with humans,
and increasing exposure to natural environmental consortia,
may assist in maximizing host-microbe symbiosis in animals
under human care.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-022-26861-0},
Key = {fds368510}
}
@misc{fds372419,
Author = {Drea, CM and Tang-Martinez, Z},
Title = {Stephen E. Glickman},
Pages = {141-156},
Booktitle = {Biographical History of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology},
Year = {2022},
Month = {November},
ISBN = {9783031129698},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12970-4_16},
Abstract = {Stephen E. Glickman (1933-2020) was an American comparative
psychologist and scholar of the history of psychology, who
contributed over 100 publications relevant to the study of
animal behavior, cognitive and behavioral neuroscience,
reproductive neuroendocrinology and anatomy, and integrative
and evolutionary biology. His early research career,
spanning roughly 26 years, was dominated by investigation of
the neurological substrates of learning and arousal, and by
the comparative study of curiosity. In his later research
career, spanning roughly 36 years, Glickman was best known
for his illuminating work on the sexual differentiation and
development of the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) - a
species that came to be renowned for the female's highly
unusual suite of 'masculinized' traits. Glickman can be
credited with unraveling many of this species' mysteries,
including by establishing, at the University of California,
Berkeley, the only captive hyena colony worldwide and
assembling a team of highly specialized collaborators who
provided unparalleled research synergy. In honor of his
scientific contributions and the creation of this unique
intellectual environment, the field station of UC Berkeley
was renamed, in 2020, the "Stephen Glickman Field Station
for the Study of Behavior, Ecology and Reproduction."},
Doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-12970-4_16},
Key = {fds372419}
}
@misc{fds365595,
Author = {Drea, CM and Davies, CS},
Title = {Meerkat manners: Endocrine mediation of female dominance and
reproductive control in a cooperative breeder.},
Journal = {Hormones and behavior},
Volume = {145},
Pages = {105245},
Year = {2022},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105245},
Abstract = {This article is part of a Special Issue (Hormones and
Hierarchies). To gain more balanced understanding of sexual
selection and mammalian sexual differentiation processes,
this review addresses behavioral sex differences and
hormonal mediators of intrasexual competition in the meerkat
(Suricata suricatta) - a cooperative breeder unusual among
vertebrates in its female aggression, degree of reproductive
skew, and phenotypic divergence. Focused on the evolution,
function, mechanism, and development of female dominance,
the male remains a key reference point throughout.
Integrated review of endocrine function does not support
routine physiological suppression in subordinates of either
sex, but instead a ramp up of weight, reproduction,
aggression, and sex steroids, particularly androgens, in
dominant females. Important and timely questions about
female competition are thus addressed by shifting emphasis
from mediators of reproductive suppression to mediators of
reproductive control, and from organizational and
activational roles of androgens in males to their roles in
females. Unusually, we ask not only how inequity is
maintained, but how dominance is acquired within a lifetime
and across generations. Antiandrogens administered in the
field to males and pregnant dominant females confirm the
importance of androgen-mediated food competition. Moreover,
effects of maternal endocrine milieu on offspring
development reveal a heritable, androgenic route to female
aggression, likely promoting reproductive priority along
dominant matrilines. Integrating endocrine measures with
long-term behavioral, ecological, morphological, and
life-history data on normative and experimental individuals,
across life stages and generations, provides better
appreciation of the role of naturally circulating androgens
in regulating the female phenotype, and sheds new light on
the evolution of female dominance, reproductive inequity,
and cooperative breeding.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105245},
Key = {fds365595}
}
@misc{fds367218,
Author = {Drea, CM and Grebe, NM},
Title = {Intraspecific aggression and social dominance},
Pages = {160-174},
Booktitle = {The Routledge International Handbook of Comparative
Psychology},
Year = {2022},
Month = {September},
ISBN = {9780367546045},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003091868-16},
Doi = {10.4324/9781003091868-16},
Key = {fds367218}
}
@misc{fds371301,
Author = {Bornbusch, SL and Greene, LK and Rahobilalaina, S and Calkins, S and Rothman, RS and Clarke, TA and LaFleur, M and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Gut microbiota of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) vary
across natural and captive populations and correlate with
environmental microbiota.},
Journal = {Animal microbiome},
Volume = {4},
Number = {1},
Pages = {29},
Year = {2022},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42523-022-00176-x},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Inter-population variation in
host-associated microbiota reflects differences in the
hosts' environments, but this characterization is typically
based on studies comparing few populations. The diversity of
natural habitats and captivity conditions occupied by any
given host species has not been captured in these
comparisons. Moreover, intraspecific variation in gut
microbiota, generally attributed to diet, may also stem from
differential acquisition of environmental microbes-an
understudied mechanism by which host microbiomes are
directly shaped by environmental microbes. To more
comprehensively characterize gut microbiota in an
ecologically flexible host, the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur
catta; n = 209), while also investigating the role of
environmental acquisition, we used 16S rRNA sequencing of
lemur gut and soil microbiota sampled from up to 13
settings, eight in the wilderness of Madagascar and five in
captivity in Madagascar or the U.S. Based on matched fecal
and soil samples, we used microbial source tracking to
examine covariation between the two types of
consortia.<h4>Results</h4>The diversity of lemur gut
microbes varied markedly within and between settings.
Microbial diversity was not consistently greater in wild
than in captive lemurs, indicating that this metric is not
necessarily an indicator of host habitat or environmental
condition. Variation in microbial composition was
inconsistent both with a single, representative gut
community for wild conspecifics and with a universal 'signal
of captivity' that homogenizes the gut consortia of captive
animals. Despite the similar, commercial diets of captive
lemurs on both continents, lemur gut microbiomes within
Madagascar were compositionally most similar, suggesting
that non-dietary factors govern some of the variability. In
particular, soil microbial communities varied across
geographic locations, with the few samples from different
continents being the most distinct, and there was
significant and context-specific covariation between gut and
soil microbiota.<h4>Conclusions</h4>As one of the broadest,
single-species investigations of primate microbiota, our
study highlights that gut consortia are sensitive to
multiple scales of environmental differences. This finding
begs a reevaluation of the simple 'captive vs. wild'
dichotomy. Beyond the important implications for animal
care, health, and conservation, our finding that
environmental acquisition may mediate aspects of
host-associated consortia further expands the framework for
how host-associated and environmental microbes interact
across different microbial landscapes.},
Doi = {10.1186/s42523-022-00176-x},
Key = {fds371301}
}
@misc{fds361760,
Author = {Grebe, NM and Sheikh, A and Drea, CM},
Title = {Integrating the female masculinization and challenge
hypotheses: Female dominance, male deference, and seasonal
hormone fluctuations in adult blue-eyed black lemurs
(Eulemur flavifrons).},
Journal = {Hormones and behavior},
Volume = {139},
Pages = {105108},
Year = {2022},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105108},
Abstract = {In the decades since female social dominance was first
described in strepsirrhine primates, researchers have sought
to uncover the proximate and ultimate explanations for its
development. In the females of various female-dominant
species, androgens have been implicated as regulators of
behavior and/or predictors of seasonal fluctuations in
aggression (the 'Female Masculinization Hypothesis'). Males,
more generally, respond to changing social demands via
seasonal fluctuations in androgen-mediated behavior (the
'Challenge Hypothesis'), that may also entail changes in
activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Here,
we explore if androgens, glucocorticoids, and intersexual
behavior fluctuate seasonally in the female-dominant,
blue-eyed black lemur (Eulemur flavifrons), with potential
consequences for understanding female aggression and male
deference. Across two studies conducted during the breeding
and nonbreeding seasons, we assessed rates of mixed-sex,
dyadic social behavior (aggression and affiliation) and
concentrations of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (Study 1)
and serum sex hormones (androstenedione, testosterone, and
estradiol; Study 2). Our results align with several
predictions inspired by the Female Masculinization and
Challenge Hypotheses for intersexual relations: During the
breeding season, specifically, both aggression and
androstenedione peaked in females, while female-initiated
affiliation decreased, potentially to facilitate female
resource access and reproductive control. By comparison, all
target hormones (androgens, estrogen, and glucocorticoids)
peaked in males, with glucocorticoid concentrations
potentially increasing in response to the surge in female
aggression, and unusually high estrogen concentrations
year-round potentially facilitating male deference via
male-initiated affiliation. These results suggest complex,
seasonally and hormonally mediated behavior in Eulemur
flavifrons.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105108},
Key = {fds361760}
}
@misc{fds359811,
Author = {Greene, LK and Rambeloson, E and Rasoanaivo, HA and Foss, ED and Yoder,
AD and Drea, CM and Blanco, MB},
Title = {Gut Microbial Diversity and Ecological Specialization in
Four Sympatric Lemur Species Under Lean Conditions},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {42},
Number = {6},
Pages = {961-979},
Year = {2021},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-021-00257-9},
Abstract = {The gut microbiome is gaining recognition for its role in
primate nutrition, but we stand to benefit from microbiome
comparisons across diverse hosts and environmental
conditions. We compared gut microbiome structure in four
lemur species from four phylogenetic lineages, including 9
individual mouse lemurs (Microcebus danfossi), 6 brown
lemurs (Eulemur fulvus), 20 sifakas (Propithecus coquereli),
and a single sportive lemur (Lepilemur grewcockorum). In
northwestern Madagascar, these species are sympatric, but
use different feeding strategies to cope with environmental
challenges, including relying on tree gums and insects
(mouse lemurs), and some vs. significant leaf matter (brown
lemurs vs. sifakas and sportive lemurs). From one fecal
sample collected per lemur in the dry season in the Anjajavy
Forest, we determined gut microbiome diversity, variability,
and membership via 16S rRNA sequencing. The lemurs harbored
strongly species-specific gut microbiomes. Brown lemurs
showed more diverse and generalized consortia; mouse lemurs,
sifakas, and the sportive lemur had less diverse consortia
with more distinct memberships. Consistent with their
fallback foods, mouse lemur microbiomes included taxa
putatively associated with gum and insect digestion, whereas
those of sifakas and the sportive lemur showed stronger and
distinct signatures of leaf fiber and secondary compound
metabolism. These results point to feeding strategy,
intertwined with host phylogeny, as a driver of gut
microbiome composition, but highlight real-time dietary
specificity as a contributing driver of microbiome
diversity. While illuminating how gut microbiomes facilitate
host nutrition on challenging foods, these results help
explain how ecologically diverse primates living in sympatry
may differentially cope with seasonal or stochastic lean
times.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-021-00257-9},
Key = {fds359811}
}
@misc{fds361186,
Author = {Drea, CM and Davies, CS and Greene, LK and Mitchell, J and Blondel, DV and Shearer, CL and Feldblum, JT and Dimac-Stohl, KA and Smyth-Kabay, KN and Clutton-Brock, TH},
Title = {An intergenerational androgenic mechanism of female
intrasexual competition in the cooperatively breeding
meerkat.},
Journal = {Nature communications},
Volume = {12},
Number = {1},
Pages = {7332},
Year = {2021},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27496-x},
Abstract = {Female intrasexual competition can be intense in
cooperatively breeding species, with some dominant breeders
(matriarchs) limiting reproduction in subordinates via
aggression, eviction or infanticide. In males, such
tendencies bidirectionally link to testosterone, but in
females, there has been little systematic investigation of
androgen-mediated behaviour within and across generations.
In 22 clans of wild meerkats (Suricata suricatta), we show
that matriarchs 1) express peak androgen concentrations
during late gestation, 2) when displaying peak feeding
competition, dominance behaviour, and evictions, and 3)
relative to subordinates, produce offspring that are more
aggressive in early development. Late-gestation antiandrogen
treatment of matriarchs 4) specifically reduces dominance
behaviour, is associated with infrequent evictions,
decreases social centrality within the clan, 5) increases
aggression in cohabiting subordinate dams, and 6) reduces
offspring aggression. These effects implicate
androgen-mediated aggression in the operation of female
sexual selection, and intergenerational transmission of
masculinised phenotypes in the evolution of meerkat
cooperative breeding.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41467-021-27496-x},
Key = {fds361186}
}
@misc{fds359514,
Author = {Bornbusch, SL and Harris, RL and Grebe, NM and Roche, K and Dimac-Stohl,
K and Drea, CM},
Title = {Antibiotics and fecal transfaunation differentially affect
microbiota recovery, associations, and antibiotic resistance
in lemur guts.},
Journal = {Animal microbiome},
Volume = {3},
Number = {1},
Pages = {65},
Year = {2021},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42523-021-00126-z},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Antibiotics alter the diversity,
structure, and dynamics of host-associated microbial
consortia, including via development of antibiotic
resistance; however, patterns of recovery from microbial
imbalances and methods to mitigate associated negative
effects remain poorly understood, particularly outside of
human-clinical and model-rodent studies that focus on
outcome over process. To improve conceptual understanding of
host-microbe symbiosis in more naturalistic contexts, we
applied an ecological framework to a non-traditional,
strepsirrhine primate model via long-term, multi-faceted
study of microbial community structure before, during, and
following two experimental manipulations. Specifically, we
administered a broad-spectrum antibiotic, either alone or
with subsequent fecal transfaunation, to healthy, male
ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta), then used 16S rRNA and
shotgun metagenomic sequencing to longitudinally track the
diversity, composition, associations, and resistomes of
their gut microbiota both within and across baseline,
treatment, and recovery phases.<h4>Results</h4>Antibiotic
treatment resulted in a drastic decline in microbial
diversity and a dramatic alteration in community
composition. Whereas microbial diversity recovered rapidly
regardless of experimental group, patterns of microbial
community composition reflected long-term instability
following treatment with antibiotics alone, a pattern that
was attenuated by fecal transfaunation. Covariation analysis
revealed that certain taxa dominated bacterial associations,
representing potential keystone species in lemur gut
microbiota. Antibiotic resistance genes, which were
universally present, including in lemurs that had never been
administered antibiotics, varied across individuals and
treatment groups.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Long-term, integrated
study post antibiotic-induced microbial imbalance revealed
differential, metric-dependent evidence of recovery, with
beneficial effects of fecal transfaunation on recovering
community composition, and potentially negative consequences
to lemur resistomes. Beyond providing new perspectives on
the dynamics that govern host-associated communities,
particularly in the Anthropocene era, our holistic study in
an endangered species is a first step in addressing the
recent, interdisciplinary calls for greater integration of
microbiome science into animal care and conservation.},
Doi = {10.1186/s42523-021-00126-z},
Key = {fds359514}
}
@misc{fds359087,
Author = {Bornbusch, SL and Drea, CM},
Title = {Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Lemur Gut and Soil Microbiota
Along a Gradient of Anthropogenic Disturbance},
Journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution},
Volume = {9},
Year = {2021},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.704070},
Abstract = {The overuse of man-made antibiotics has facilitated the
global propagation of antibiotic resistance genes in
animals, across natural and anthropogenically disturbed
environments. Although antibiotic treatment is the most
well-studied route by which resistance genes can develop and
spread within host-associated microbiota, resistomes also
can be acquired or enriched via more indirect routes, such
as via transmission between hosts or via contact with
antibiotic-contaminated matter within the environment.
Relatively little is known about the impacts of
anthropogenic disturbance on reservoirs of resistance genes
in wildlife and their environments. We therefore tested for
(a) antibiotic resistance genes in primate hosts
experiencing different severities and types of anthropogenic
disturbance (i.e., non-wildlife animal presence, human
presence, direct human contact, and antibiotic treatment),
and (b) covariation between host-associated and
environmental resistomes. We used shotgun metagenomic
sequencing of ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) gut resistomes
and associated soil resistomes sampled from up to 10 sites:
seven in the wilderness of Madagascar and three in captivity
in Madagascar or the United States. We found that, compared
to wild lemurs, captive lemurs harbored greater abundances
of resistance genes, but not necessarily more diverse
resistomes. Abundances of resistance genes were positively
correlated with our assessments of anthropogenic
disturbance, a pattern that was robust across all ten lemur
populations. The composition of lemur resistomes was
site-specific and the types of resistance genes reflected
antibiotic usage in the country of origin, such as
vancomycin use in Madagascar. We found support for multiple
routes of ARG enrichment (e.g., via human contact,
antibiotic treatment, and environmental acquisition) that
differed across lemur populations, but could result in
similar degrees of enrichment. Soil resistomes varied across
natural habitats in Madagascar and, at sites with greater
anthropogenic disturbance, lemurs and soil resistomes
covaried. As one of the broadest, single-species
investigations of wildlife resistomes to date, we show that
the transmission and enrichment of antibiotic resistance
genes varies across environments, thereby adding to the
mounting evidence that the resistance crisis extends outside
of traditional clinical settings.},
Doi = {10.3389/fevo.2021.704070},
Key = {fds359087}
}
@misc{fds371302,
Author = {Greene, LK and Blanco, MB and Rambeloson, E and Graubics, K and Fanelli,
B and Colwell, RR and Drea, CM},
Title = {Gut microbiota of frugo-folivorous sifakas across
environments.},
Journal = {Animal microbiome},
Volume = {3},
Number = {1},
Pages = {39},
Year = {2021},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42523-021-00093-5},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Captive animals, compared to their wild
counterparts, generally harbor imbalanced gut microbiota
owing, in part, to their altered diets. This imbalance is
particularly striking for folivores that fundamentally rely
on gut microbiota for digestion, yet rarely receive
sufficient dietary fiber in captivity. We examine the
critically endangered Coquerel's sifaka (Propithecus
coquereli), an anatomically specialized, rather than
facultative, folivore that consumes a seasonal
frugo-folivorous diet in the wild, but is provisioned
predominantly with seasonal foliage and orchard vegetables
in captivity. Using amplicon and metagenomic sequencing
applied to fecal samples collected from two wild and one
captive population (each comprising multiple groups), we
clarify how dietary variation underlies the perturbational
effect of captivity on the structure and function of this
species' gut microbiota.<h4>Results</h4>The gut microbiota
of wild sifakas varied by study population, most notably in
community evenness and in the abundance of diet-associated
microbes from Prevotellaeceae and Lachnospiraceae.
Nevertheless, the differences among wild subjects were minor
compared to those evident between wild and captive sifakas:
Unusually, the consortia of captive sifakas were the most
diverse, but lacked representation of endemic Bacteroidetes
and metagenomic capacity for essential amino-acid
biosynthesis. Instead, they were enriched for complex fiber
metabolizers from the Firmicutes phylum, for archaeal
methanogens, and for several metabolic pathways putatively
linked to plant fiber and secondary compound
metabolism.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The relatively minor
differences in gut microbial structure and function between
wild sifaka populations likely reflect regional and/or
temporal environmental variability, whereas the major
differences observed in captive conspecifics, including
the loss of endemic microbes, but gain in low-abundance
taxa, likely reflect imbalanced or unstable consortia.
Indeed, community perturbation may not necessarily entail
decreased community diversity. Moreover, signatures of
greater fiber degradation indicate that captive sifakas
consume a more fibrous diet compared to their wild
counterparts. These results do not mirror those typically
reported for folivores and herbivores, suggesting that the
direction and strength of captivity-induced 'dysbiosis' may
not be universal across species with similar feeding
strategies. We propose that tailored, species-specific
dietary interventions in captivity, aimed at better
approximating naturally foraged diets, could functionally
'rewild' gut microbiota and facilitate successful management
of diverse species.},
Doi = {10.1186/s42523-021-00093-5},
Key = {fds371302}
}
@misc{fds355324,
Author = {Grebe, NM and Sharma, A and Freeman, SM and Palumbo, MC and Patisaul,
HB and Bales, KL and Drea, CM},
Title = {Neural correlates of mating system diversity: oxytocin and
vasopressin receptor distributions in monogamous and
non-monogamous Eulemur.},
Journal = {Scientific reports},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3746},
Year = {2021},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83342-6},
Abstract = {Contemporary theory that emphasizes the roles of oxytocin
and vasopressin in mammalian sociality has been shaped by
seminal vole research that revealed interspecific variation
in neuroendocrine circuitry by mating system. However,
substantial challenges exist in interpreting and translating
these rodent findings to other mammalian groups, including
humans, making research on nonhuman primates crucial. Both
monogamous and non-monogamous species exist within Eulemur,
a genus of strepsirrhine primate, offering a rare
opportunity to broaden a comparative perspective on oxytocin
and vasopressin neurocircuitry with increased evolutionary
relevance to humans. We performed oxytocin and arginine
vasopressin 1a receptor autoradiography on 12 Eulemur brains
from seven closely related species to (1) characterize
receptor distributions across the genus, and (2) examine
differences between monogamous and non-monogamous species in
regions part of putative "pair-bonding circuits". We find
some binding patterns across Eulemur reminiscent of
olfactory-guided rodents, but others congruent with more
visually oriented anthropoids, consistent with lemurs
occupying an 'intermediary' evolutionary niche between
haplorhine primates and other mammalian groups. We find
little evidence of a "pair-bonding circuit" in Eulemur akin
to those proposed in previous rodent or primate research.
Mapping neuropeptide receptors in these nontraditional
species questions existing assumptions and informs proposed
evolutionary explanations about the biological bases of
monogamy.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-83342-6},
Key = {fds355324}
}
@misc{fds353245,
Author = {Drea, CM and Crawford, JC and Boulet, M},
Title = {Lack of evidence for pheromones in lemurs.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {30},
Number = {22},
Pages = {R1355-R1357},
Year = {2020},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.005},
Abstract = {As chemicals that elicit unlearned, functionally
specialized, and species-specific responses [1] or
'stereotyped behavior' [2], pheromones differ from mammalian
scent signatures that comprise complex, variable mixtures,
convey multiple messages via learned chemical combinations,
and elicit generalized responses [1]. Studying ring-tailed
lemur (Lemur catta) behavior and semiochemistry, a recent
study by Shirasu, Ito et al. [2] claimed to have identified
"the first sex pheromones in primates." However, reliance on
one male in most chemical procedures and on few females in
behavioral procedures constrains statistical analyses and
challenges the broad applicability of their findings. Also,
the non-independent testing of even fewer signaler-recipient
dyads downplays the critical role of learning and memory in
primate communication [1] - an argument that refuted earlier
claims of primate pheromones [3,4]. Here, we challenge each
of their four highlighted findings and interpretations.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.005},
Key = {fds353245}
}
@misc{fds352328,
Author = {Conley, A and Place, NJ and Legacki, EL and Hammond, GL and Cunha, GR and Drea, CM and Weldele, ML and Glickman, SE},
Title = {Spotted hyaenas and the sexual spectrum: reproductive
endocrinology and development.},
Journal = {The Journal of endocrinology},
Volume = {247},
Number = {1},
Pages = {R27-R44},
Year = {2020},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-20-0252},
Abstract = {The spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) is a unique species,
even amongst the Hyaenidae. Extreme clitoral development in
female spotted hyaenas challenges aspects of the accepted
framework of sexual differentiation and reproductive
function. They lack a vulva and instead urinate, copulate
and give birth through a single, long urogenital canal that
traverses a clitoris superficially resembling a penis.
Recent and historical evidence is reviewed to describe our
changing understanding of the biology of this species.
Expanding upon observations from hyaenas in nature, much has
been learned from studies utilising the captive colony at
the University of California, Berkeley. The steroid
environment of pregnancy is shaped by placental androgen and
oestrogen secretion and a late gestational increase in sex
hormone binding globulin, the regulated expression and
steroid-binding characteristics of which are unique within
the Hyaenidae. While initial external genital development is
largely free of androgenic influence, the increase in
testosterone concentrations in late gestation influences
foetal development. Specifically, anti-androgen (AA)
treatment of pregnant females reduced the developmental
influence of androgens on their foetuses, resulting in
reduced androstenedione concentrations in young females and
easier birth through a 'feminised' clitoris, but precluded
intromission and mating by 'feminised' male offspring, and
altered social interactions. Insight into the costs and
benefits of androgen exposure on spotted hyaena reproductive
development, endocrinology and behaviour emphasises the
delicate balance that sustains reproductive success, forces
a re-evaluation of how we define masculine vs feminine
sexual characteristics, and motivates reflection about the
representative value of model species.},
Doi = {10.1530/joe-20-0252},
Key = {fds352328}
}
@misc{fds349325,
Author = {Greene, LK and Williams, CV and Junge, RE and Mahefarisoa, KL and Rajaonarivelo, T and Rakotondrainibe, H and O'Connell, TM and Drea,
CM},
Title = {A role for gut microbiota in host niche differentiation.},
Journal = {The ISME journal},
Volume = {14},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1675-1687},
Year = {2020},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-0640-4},
Abstract = {If gut microbes influence host behavioral ecology in the
short term, over evolutionary time, they could drive host
niche differentiation. We explored this possibility by
comparing the gut microbiota of Madagascar's folivorous
lemurs from Indriidae and Lepilemuridae. Occurring
sympatrically in the eastern rainforest, our four, target
species have different dietary specializations, including
frugo-folivory (sifakas), young-leaf folivory (indri and
woolly lemurs), and mature-leaf folivory (sportive lemurs).
We collected fecal samples, from 2013 to 2017, and used
amplicon sequencing, metagenomic sequencing, and nuclear
magnetic resonance spectroscopy, respectively, to integrate
analyses of gut microbiome structure and function with
analysis of the colonic metabolome. The lemurs harbored
species-specific microbiomes, metagenomes, and metabolomes
that were tuned to their dietary specializations:
Frugo-folivores had greater microbial and metagenomic
diversity, and harbored generalist taxa. Mature-leaf
folivores had greater individual microbiome variation, and
taxa and metabolites putatively involved in cellulolysis.
The consortia even differed between related, young-leaf
specialists, with indri prioritizing metabolism of fiber and
plant secondary compounds, and woolly lemurs prioritizing
amino-acid cycling. Specialized gut microbiota and
associated gastrointestinal morphologies enable folivores to
variably tolerate resource fluctuation and support nutrient
extraction from challenging resources (e.g., by metabolizing
plant secondary compounds or recalcitrant fibers), perhaps
ultimately facilitating host species' diversity and
specialized feeding ecologies.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41396-020-0640-4},
Key = {fds349325}
}
@misc{fds349883,
Author = {Drea, CM},
Title = {Design, delivery and perception of condition-dependent
chemical signals in strepsirrhine primates: implications for
human olfactory communication.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {375},
Number = {1800},
Pages = {20190264},
Year = {2020},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0264},
Abstract = {The study of human chemical communication benefits from
comparative perspectives that relate humans, conceptually
and empirically, to other primates. All major primate groups
rely on intraspecific chemosignals, but strepsirrhines
present the greatest diversity and specialization, providing
a rich framework for examining design, delivery and
perception. Strepsirrhines actively scent mark, possess a
functional vomeronasal organ, investigate scents via
olfactory and gustatory means, and are exquisitely sensitive
to chemically encoded messages. Variation in delivery, scent
mixing and multimodality alters signal detection, longevity
and intended audience. Based on an integrative, 19-species
review, the main scent source used (excretory versus
glandular) differentiates nocturnal from diurnal or
cathemeral species, reflecting differing socioecological
demands and evolutionary trajectories. Condition-dependent
signals reflect immutable (species, sex, identity, genetic
diversity, immunity and kinship) and transient (health,
social status, reproductive state and breeding history)
traits, consistent with socio-reproductive functions. Sex
reversals in glandular elaboration, marking rates or
chemical richness in female-dominant species implicate
sexual selection of olfactory ornaments in both sexes.
Whereas some compounds may be endogenously produced and
modified (e.g. via hormones), microbial analyses of
different odorants support the fermentation hypothesis of
bacterial contribution. The intimate contexts of information
transfer and varied functions provide important parallels
applicable to olfactory communication in humans. This
article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Olfactory
communication in humans'.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2019.0264},
Key = {fds349883}
}
@misc{fds349884,
Author = {Bornbusch, SL and Grebe, NM and Lunn, S and Southworth, CA and Dimac-Stohl, K and Drea, C},
Title = {Stable and transient structural variation in lemur vaginal,
labial and axillary microbiomes: patterns by species, body
site, ovarian hormones and forest access.},
Journal = {FEMS microbiology ecology},
Volume = {96},
Number = {6},
Pages = {fiaa090},
Year = {2020},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiaa090},
Abstract = {Host-associated microbiomes shape and are shaped by myriad
processes that ultimately delineate their symbiotic
functions. Whereas a host's stable traits, such as its
lineage, relate to gross aspects of its microbiome
structure, transient factors, such as its varying
physiological state, relate to shorter term, structural
variation. Our understanding of these relationships in
primates derives principally from anthropoid studies and
would benefit from a broader, comparative perspective. We
thus examined the vaginal, labial and axillary microbiota of
captive, female ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) and
Coquerel's sifakas (Propithecus coquereli), across an
ovarian cycle, to better understand their relation to stable
(e.g. species identity/mating system, body site) and
transient (e.g. ovarian hormone concentration, forest
access) host features. We used 16S amplicon sequencing to
determine microbial composition and enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assays to measure serum hormone
concentrations. We found marked variation in microbiota
diversity and community composition between lemur species
and their body sites. Across both host species, microbial
diversity was significantly correlated with ovarian hormone
concentrations: negatively with progesterone and positively
with estradiol. The hosts' differential forest access
related to the diversity of environmental microbes,
particularly in axillary microbiomes. Such transient
endogenous and exogenous modulators have potential
implications for host reproductive health and behavioral
ecology.},
Doi = {10.1093/femsec/fiaa090},
Key = {fds349884}
}
@misc{fds345043,
Author = {Greene, LK and Bornbusch, SL and McKenney, EA and Harris, RL and Gorvetzian, SR and Yoder, AD and Drea, CM},
Title = {The importance of scale in comparative microbiome research:
New insights from the gut and glands of captive and wild
lemurs.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {81},
Number = {10-11},
Pages = {e22974},
Year = {2019},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22974},
Abstract = {Research on animal microbiomes is increasingly aimed at
determining the evolutionary and ecological factors that
govern host-microbiome dynamics, which are invariably
intertwined and potentially synergistic. We present three
empirical studies related to this topic, each of which
relies on the diversity of Malagasy lemurs (representing a
total of 19 species) and the comparative approach applied
across scales of analysis. In Study 1, we compare gut
microbial membership across 14 species in the wild to test
the relative importance of host phylogeny and feeding
strategy in mediating microbiome structure. Whereas host
phylogeny strongly predicted community composition, the same
feeding strategies shared by distant relatives did not
produce convergent microbial consortia, but rather shaped
microbiomes in host lineage-specific ways, particularly in
folivores. In Study 2, we compare 14 species of wild and
captive folivores, frugivores, and omnivores, to highlight
the importance of captive populations for advancing gut
microbiome research. We show that the perturbational effect
of captivity is mediated by host feeding strategy and can be
mitigated, in part, by modified animal management. In Study
3, we examine various scent-gland microbiomes across three
species in the wild or captivity and show them to vary by
host species, sex, body site, and a proxy of social status.
These rare data provide support for the bacterial
fermentation hypothesis in olfactory signal production and
implicate steroid hormones as mediators of microbial
community structure. We conclude by discussing the role of
scale in comparative microbial studies, the links between
feeding strategy and host-microbiome coadaptation, the
underappreciated benefits of captive populations for
advancing conservation research, and the need to consider
the entirety of an animal's microbiota. Ultimately, these
studies will help move the field from exploratory to
hypothesis-driven research.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.22974},
Key = {fds345043}
}
@misc{fds345022,
Author = {Grebe, NM and Fitzpatrick, C and Sharrock, K and Starling, A and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Organizational and activational androgens, lemur social
play, and the ontogeny of female dominance.},
Journal = {Hormones and behavior},
Volume = {115},
Pages = {104554},
Year = {2019},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.07.002},
Abstract = {The role of androgens in shaping "masculine" traits in males
is a core focus in behavioral endocrinology, but relatively
little is known about an androgenic role in female
aggression and social dominance. In mammalian models of
female dominance, including the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur
catta), links to androgens in adulthood are variable. We
studied the development of ring-tailed lemurs to address the
behavioral basis and ontogenetic mechanisms of female
dominance. We measured behavior and serum androgen
concentrations in 24 lemurs (8 males, 16 females) from
infancy to early adulthood, and assessed their 'prenatal'
androgen milieu using serum samples obtained from their
mothers during gestation. Because logistical constraints
limited the frequency of infant blood sampling, we accounted
for asynchrony between behavioral and postnatal hormone
measurements via imputation procedures. Imputation was
unnecessary for prenatal hormone measurements. The typical
sex difference in androgen concentrations in young lemurs
was consistent with adult conspecifics and most other
mammals; however, we found no significant sex differences in
rough-and-tumble play. Female (but not male) aggression
increased beginning at approximately 15 months, coincident
with female puberty. In our analyses relating sexually
differentiated behavior to androgens, we found no
relationship with activational hormones, but several
significant relationships with organizational hormones.
Notably, associations of prenatal androstenedione and
testosterone with behavior were differentiated, both by
offspring sex and by type of behavior within offspring
sexes. We discuss the importance of considering (1) missing
data in behavioral endocrinology research, and (2)
organizational androgens other than testosterone in studies
of female dominance.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.07.002},
Key = {fds345022}
}
@misc{fds345872,
Author = {Grogan, KE and Harris, RL and Boulet, M and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Genetic variation at MHC class II loci influences both
olfactory signals and scent discrimination in ring-tailed
lemurs.},
Journal = {BMC evolutionary biology},
Volume = {19},
Number = {1},
Pages = {171},
Year = {2019},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1486-0},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Diversity at the Major Histocompatibility
Complex (MHC) is critical to health and fitness, such that
MHC genotype may predict an individual's quality or
compatibility as a competitor, ally, or mate. Moreover,
because MHC products can influence the components of bodily
secretions, an individual's body odors may signal its MHC
composition and influence partner identification or mate
choice. Here, we investigated MHC-based signaling and
recipient sensitivity by testing for odor-gene covariance
and behavioral discrimination of MHC diversity and pairwise
dissimilarity in a strepsirrhine primate, the ring-tailed
lemur (Lemur catta).<h4>Methods</h4>First, we coupled
genotyping of the MHC class II gene, DRB, with gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry of genital gland secretions
to investigate if functional genetic diversity is signaled
by the chemical diversity of lemur scent secretions. We also
assessed if the chemical similarity between individuals
correlated with their MHC-DRB similarity. Next, we assessed
if lemurs discriminated this chemically encoded, genetic
information in opposite-sex conspecifics.<h4>Results</h4>We
found that both sexes signaled overall MHC-DRB diversity and
pairwise MHC-DRB similarity via genital secretions, but in a
sex- and season-dependent manner. Additionally, the sexes
discriminated absolute and relative MHC-DRB diversity in the
genital odors of opposite-sex conspecifics, suggesting that
lemur genital odors function to advertise genetic
quality.<h4>Conclusions</h4>In summary, genital odors of
ring-tailed lemurs provide honest information about an
individual's absolute and relative MHC quality.
Complementing evidence in humans and Old World monkeys, we
suggest that reliance on scent signals to communicate MHC
quality may be important across the primate
lineage.},
Doi = {10.1186/s12862-019-1486-0},
Key = {fds345872}
}
@misc{fds344714,
Author = {Greene, LK and Clayton, JB and Rothman, RS and Semel, BP and Semel, MA and Gillespie, TR and Wright, PC and Drea, CM},
Title = {Local habitat, not phylogenetic relatedness, predicts gut
microbiota better within folivorous than frugivorous lemur
lineages.},
Journal = {Biology letters},
Volume = {15},
Number = {6},
Pages = {20190028},
Year = {2019},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0028},
Abstract = {Both host phylogenetic placement and feeding strategy
influence the structure of the gut microbiome (GMB);
however, parsing their relative contributions presents a
challenge. To meet this challenge, we compared GMB structure
in two genera of lemurs characterized by different dietary
specializations, the frugivorous brown lemurs ( Eulemur
spp.) and the folivorous sifakas ( Propithecus spp.). These
genera sympatrically occupy similar habitats (dry forests
and rainforests) and diverged over similar evolutionary
timescales. We collected fresh faeces from 12 species (six
per host genus), at seven sites across Madagascar, and
sequenced the 16S rRNA gene to determine GMB membership,
diversity and variability. The lemurs' GMBs clustered
predominantly by host genus; nevertheless, within genera,
host relatedness did not predict GMB distance between
species. The GMBs of brown lemurs had greater evenness and
diversity, but were more homogeneous across species, whereas
the GMBs of sifakas were differentiated between habitats.
Thus, over relatively shallow timescales, environmental
factors can override the influence of host phylogenetic
placement on GMB phylogenetic composition. Moreover, feeding
strategy can underlie the relative strength of
host-microbiome coadaptation, with Madagascar's folivores
perhaps requiring locally adapted GMBs to facilitate their
highly specialized diets.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2019.0028},
Key = {fds344714}
}
@misc{fds345044,
Author = {Bornbusch, SL and Greene, LK and Harris, RL and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Glandular microbiomes vary by species and host traits in
wild and captive lemurs},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {168},
Pages = {25-25},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds345044}
}
@misc{fds366269,
Author = {Drea, CM and Goodwin, TE and delBarco-Trillo, J},
Title = {P-Mail: The Information Highway of Nocturnal, but Not
Diurnal or Cathemeral, Strepsirrhines.},
Journal = {Folia primatologica; international journal of
primatology},
Volume = {90},
Number = {5},
Pages = {422-438},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000495076},
Abstract = {Scent marking is a well-established, but highly variable,
mode of communication among strepsirrhine primates. We begin
by reviewing this literature, focusing on nocturnal species.
Our understanding about the information content of scent
signals and the factors driving species diversity remains
incomplete, owing to difficulties in acquiring comparative
chemical data. We therefore re-examine such a data set,
representing the richness and relative abundance of volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) in the urine of 12 species (from
Galagidae, Lorisidae, Daubentoniidae, Cheirogaleidae,
Indriidae, and Lemuridae), to explore differences between
nocturnal, diurnal and cathemeral species. As predicted by
the variable importance of urine marking across species, the
urine of nocturnal strepsirrhines contained the most VOCs
and putative semiochemicals, differed significantly in
composition from that of diurnal and cathemeral species and
showed the strongest species scent "signatures." Relevant to
retracing the evolutionary trajectory of cathemeral
strepsirrhines, nocturnal and diurnal species were most
differentiated in their VOCs, with cathemeral species being
intermediary, but more closely aligned with diurnal species.
These data support cathemerality as an ancient expansion of
diurnal animals into a nocturnal niche. Consideration of the
traits and variables associated with olfactory communication
offers a profitable new way for examining species diversity
and patterns of evolutionary change.},
Doi = {10.1159/000495076},
Key = {fds366269}
}
@misc{fds338472,
Author = {Greene, LK and McKenney, EA and O'Connell, TM and Drea,
CM},
Title = {The critical role of dietary foliage in maintaining the gut
microbiome and metabolome of folivorous sifakas.},
Journal = {Scientific reports},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Pages = {14482},
Year = {2018},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32759-7},
Abstract = {The gut microbiome (GMB) of folivores metabolizes dietary
fiber into nutrients, including short-chain fatty acids
(SCFAs); however, experiments probing the consequences of
foliage quality on host GMBs are lacking. We therefore
examined GMB structure and function via amplicon sequencing
and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy in 31 captive
sifakas (Propithecus coquereli) during dietary manipulations
associated with husbandry. Supplementing standard diets with
diverse foliage blends, versus with a single plant species,
promoted more diverse GMBs, enriched for taxa implicated in
plant-fiber metabolism, but depleted in taxa implicated in
starch metabolism and bile tolerance. The consumption of
diverse blends was associated with greater concentrations of
colonic SCFAs. Abundant foliage, via forest access, promoted
compositionally distinct and more stable GMBs, but reduced
concentrations of SCFAs, possibly reflecting selection of
high-quality leaves. In 11 subjects denied forest access, we
examined the temporal pace of microbial shifts when
supplemental foliage was abruptly switched between diverse
blends and single species. The sifaka GMB responded within
days, with community diversity and composition closely
tracking foliage diversity. By providing experimental
evidence that the folivore GMB is sensitive to minor changes
in dietary foliage, we reveal the fragility of specialist
GMBs, with implications for managing the wellbeing of
endangered wildlife.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-018-32759-7},
Key = {fds338472}
}
@misc{fds335470,
Author = {Dimac-Stohl, KA and Davies, CS and Grebe, NM and Stonehill, AC and Greene, LK and Mitchell, J and Clutton-Brock, T and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Incidence and biomarkers of pregnancy, spontaneous abortion,
and neonatal loss during an environmental stressor:
Implications for female reproductive suppression in the
cooperatively breeding meerkat.},
Journal = {Physiology & behavior},
Volume = {193},
Number = {Pt A},
Pages = {90-100},
Year = {2018},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.11.011},
Abstract = {Meerkats are group-living, insectivorous herpestids in which
subordinate members provide extensive care for the dominant
female's young. In contrast to some cooperative breeders,
subordinate female meerkats are physiologically able to
reproduce and occasionally do so successfully; their
attempts are more frequently 'suppressed' via eviction or
infanticide by the dominant female. Spontaneous abortion and
neonatal loss occur with some regularity, further negatively
impacting reproductive success. Here, we compared the
reproductive outcomes and endocrine profiles, including of
serum progesterone (P<sub>4</sub>), serum estradiol
(E<sub>2</sub>), and fecal glucocorticoid metabolites
(fGCm), of dominant and subordinate dams residing within
their clans in the Kalahari Desert of South Africa. Our
study spanned years of drought, which reduced insect
abundance and represented a substantial environmental
stressor. Meerkat pregnancies were identified at mid-term
and culminated either in spontaneous abortions or full-term
deliveries, after which pups were either lost prior to
emergence from the natal den (usually within 2days of birth)
or emerged at 2-3weeks. Neonatal loss exceeded fetal loss
for all females, and contributed to narrowing the
status-related disparity in female reproductive output seen
during less arid periods. Although E<sub>2</sub>
concentrations were significantly lower in subordinate than
dominant females, they were sufficient to support gestation.
Absolute E<sub>2</sub> concentrations may owe to androgenic
precursors that also attain highest concentrations in
dominant dams and may mediate aggression underlying female
reproductive skew. Pregnancies terminating in fetal loss
were marked by significantly lower P<sub>4</sub>
concentrations in mid-gestation and modestly lower
E<sub>2</sub> concentrations overall. Consistently high fGCm
concentrations further increased across trimesters,
particularly (but not consistently) in subordinates and in
aborted pregnancies. Environmental stressors may modulate
reproductive outcomes in meerkats through their influence on
sex steroids and their effects on intragroup competition.
The social and eco-physiological factors affecting
intraspecific variation in reproductive output, even in
obligate cooperative breeders, may be most apparent during
extreme conditions, reflecting the benefits of long-term
studies for assessing the impact of climate
change.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.11.011},
Key = {fds335470}
}
@misc{fds338037,
Author = {Smyth, KN and Caruso, NM and Davies, CS and Clutton-Brock, TH and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Social and endocrine correlates of immune function in
meerkats: implications for the immunocompetence handicap
hypothesis.},
Journal = {Royal Society open science},
Volume = {5},
Number = {8},
Pages = {180435},
Year = {2018},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180435},
Abstract = {Social status can mediate effects on the immune system, with
profound consequences for individual health; nevertheless,
most investigators of status-related disparities in
free-ranging animals have used faecal parasite burdens to
proxy immune function in the males of male-dominant species.
We instead use direct measures of innate immune function
(complement and natural antibodies) to examine
status-related immunocompetence in both sexes of a
female-dominant species. The meerkat is a unique model for
such a study because it is a cooperatively breeding species
in which status-related differences are extreme, evident in
reproductive skew, morphology, behaviour, communication and
physiology, including that dominant females naturally
express the greatest total androgen (androstenedione plus
testosterone) concentrations. We found that, relative to
subordinates, dominant animals had reduced serum
bacteria-killing abilities; also, relative to subordinate
females, dominant females had reduced haemolytic complement
activities. Irrespective of an individual's sex or social
status, androstenedione concentrations (but not body
condition, age or reproductive activity) negatively
predicted concurrent immunocompetence. Thus, dominant
meerkats of both sexes are immunocompromised. Moreover, in
female meerkats, androstenedione perhaps acting directly or
via local conversion, may exert a double-edged effect of
promoting dominance and reproductive success at the cost of
increased parasitism and reduced immune function. Given the
prominent signalling of dominance in female meerkats, these
findings may relate to the immunocompetence handicap
hypothesis (ICHH); however, our data would suggest that the
endocrine mechanism underlying the ICHH need not be mediated
solely by testosterone and might explain trade-offs in
females, as well as in males.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsos.180435},
Key = {fds338037}
}
@misc{fds335471,
Author = {Harris, RL and Boulet, M and Grogan, KE and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Costs of injury for scent signalling in a strepsirrhine
primate.},
Journal = {Scientific reports},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Pages = {9882},
Year = {2018},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27322-3},
Abstract = {Honesty is crucial in animal communication when signallers
are conveying information about their condition. Condition
dependence implies a cost to signal production; yet,
evidence of such cost is scarce. We examined the effects of
naturally occurring injury on the quality and salience of
olfactory signals in ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta). Over
a decade, we collected genital secretions from 23 (13 male,
10 female) adults across 34 unique injuries, owing primarily
to intra-group fights. Using gas chromatography-mass
spectrometry, we tested for differences in the chemical
composition of secretions across pre-injury, injury and
recovery, in animals that did and did not receive
antibiotics. Lemur genital secretions were significantly
dampened and altered during injury, with patterns of change
varying by sex, season and antibiotics. Using behavioural
bioassays (excluding odorants from antibiotic-treated
animals), we showed that male 'recipients' discriminated
injury status based on scent alone, directing more
competitive counter marking towards odorants from injured
vs. uninjured male 'signallers.' That injured animals could
not maintain their normal signatures provides rare evidence
of the energetic cost to signal production. That
conspecifics detected olfactory-encoded 'weakness' suggests
added behavioural costs: By influencing the likelihood of
intra- or inter-sexual conflict, condition-dependent signals
could have important implications for socio-reproductive
behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-018-27322-3},
Key = {fds335471}
}
@misc{fds345045,
Author = {Drea, CM},
Title = {Social Communication of Condition-Dependent Olfactory
Signals in Strepsirrhine Primates},
Journal = {CHEMICAL SENSES},
Volume = {43},
Number = {4},
Pages = {E7-E7},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS},
Year = {2018},
Month = {May},
Key = {fds345045}
}
@misc{fds345046,
Author = {Gorvetzian, SR and Greene, LK and Drea, CM},
Title = {Free-ranging access improves the gut microbiome of captive
Eulemur},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {103-103},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds345046}
}
@misc{fds345047,
Author = {Drea, CM and Goodwin, TE and Delbarco-Trillo, J},
Title = {Pee-mail: The information highway of nocturnal
strepsirrhines},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {71-72},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds345047}
}
@misc{fds345048,
Author = {Bornbusch, SL and Greene, LK and Drea, CM},
Title = {Anthropogenic disturbance as a determinant of gut microbiome
structure in Madagascar's ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur
catta)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {33-33},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds345048}
}
@misc{fds345049,
Author = {Grebe, NM and Drea, CM},
Title = {Ontogeny of female dominance in ring-tailed lemurs:
behavioral and hormonal evidence},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {104-104},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds345049}
}
@misc{fds345050,
Author = {Greene, LK and Mckenney, EA and O'Connell, TM and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Dietary foliage regulates the gut microbiome and colonic
metabolome of captive Coquerel's sifakas},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {105-105},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds345050}
}
@misc{fds366270,
Author = {Drea, CM and Coscia, EM and Glickman, SE},
Title = {Hyenas},
Pages = {637-645},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Reproduction},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780128151457},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.20611-0},
Abstract = {The four, extant species of hyenids (aardwolves, striped
hyenas, brown hyenas, and spotted hyenas) are compared and
contrasted. Despite belonging to a small family of
carnivorans, these species show a wide range of social
systems (from solitary to gregarious), mating systems (from
monogamy to promiscuity), and feeding ecologies (from
myrmecophagy, through solitary scrounging, to group
hunting). The most remarkable differences, however, concern
their reproductive biology: Whereas the first three species
show the typical mammalian pattern of sexual dimorphism, the
fourth - the spotted hyena - shows the most extreme form of
sexual monomorphism evidenced by any mammal. The female
spotted hyena is behaviorally and morphologically
“masculinized,” being larger than the male, socially
dominant over the male, and possessing external reproductive
anatomy that bears striking resemblance to that of the male.
Notably, the female has no “external” vagina; instead,
the urogenital canal passes through a peniform clitoris,
providing the female spotted hyena with a singular opening
through which she urinates, copulates, and gives birth.
Decades of experimental, endocrine, morphological, and
histological studies have been aimed at demystifying this
evolutionary puzzle. The developmental trajectory of female,
and male, reproductive structures suggest that a combination
of genetic and endocrine factors, including androgen
production by the fetal ovary and placental metabolism of
androstenedione, operate in tandem during sexual
differentiation of the spotted hyena. But, formation of the
“masculine” genitalia of female Crocuta appears to
result from a unique mechanism that is unknown at this
time.},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.20611-0},
Key = {fds366270}
}
@misc{fds329341,
Author = {Grogan, KE and Sauther, ML and Cuozzo, FP and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Genetic wealth, population health: Major histocompatibility
complex variation in captive and wild ring-tailed lemurs
(Lemur catta).},
Journal = {Ecology and evolution},
Volume = {7},
Number = {19},
Pages = {7638-7649},
Year = {2017},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3317},
Abstract = {Across species, diversity at the major histocompatibility
complex (MHC) is critical to individual disease resistance
and, hence, to population health; however, MHC diversity can
be reduced in small, fragmented, or isolated populations.
Given the need for comparative studies of functional genetic
diversity, we investigated whether MHC diversity differs
between populations which are open, that is experiencing
gene flow, versus populations which are closed, that is
isolated from other populations. Using the endangered
ring-tailed lemur (<i>Lemur catta</i>) as a model, we
compared two populations under long-term study: a relatively
"open," wild population (<i>n</i> = 180) derived from
Bezà Mahafaly Special Reserve, Madagascar (2003-2013) and a
"closed," captive population (<i>n</i> = 121) derived from
the Duke Lemur Center (DLC, 1980-2013) and from the
Indianapolis and Cincinnati Zoos (2012). For all animals, we
assessed MHC-DRB diversity and, across populations, we
compared the number of unique MHC-DRB alleles and their
distributions. Wild individuals possessed more MHC-DRB
alleles than did captive individuals, and overall, the wild
population had more unique MHC-DRB alleles that were more
evenly distributed than did the captive population. Despite
management efforts to maintain or increase genetic diversity
in the DLC population, MHC diversity remained static from
1980 to 2010. Since 2010, however, captive-breeding efforts
resulted in the MHC diversity of offspring increasing to a
level commensurate with that found in wild individuals.
Therefore, loss of genetic diversity in lemurs, owing to
small founder populations or reduced gene flow, can be
mitigated by managed breeding efforts. Quantifying MHC
diversity within individuals and between populations is the
necessary first step to identifying potential improvements
to captive management and conservation plans.},
Doi = {10.1002/ece3.3317},
Key = {fds329341}
}
@misc{fds326999,
Author = {Leclaire, S and Jacob, S and Greene, LK and Dubay, GR and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Social odours covary with bacterial community in the anal
secretions of wild meerkats.},
Journal = {Scientific reports},
Volume = {7},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3240},
Year = {2017},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03356-x},
Abstract = {The fermentation hypothesis for animal signalling posits
that bacteria dwelling in an animal's scent glands
metabolize the glands' primary products into odorous
compounds used by the host to communicate with conspecifics.
There is, however, little evidence of the predicted
covariation between an animal's olfactory cues and its
glandular bacterial communities. Using gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry, we first identified the
volatile compounds present in 'pure' versus 'mixed'
anal-gland secretions ('paste') of adult meerkats (Suricata
suricatta) living in the wild. Low-molecular-weight
chemicals that likely derive from bacterial metabolism were
more prominent in mixed than pure secretions. Focusing
thereafter on mixed secretions, we showed that chemical
composition varied by sex and was more similar between
members of the same group than between members of different
groups. Subsequently, using next-generation sequencing, we
identified the bacterial assemblages present in meerkat
paste and documented relationships between these assemblages
and the host's sex, social status and group membership.
Lastly, we found significant covariation between the
volatile compounds and bacterial assemblages in meerkat
paste, particularly in males. Together, these results are
consistent with a role for bacteria in the production of
sex- and group-specific scents, and with the evolution of
mutualism between meerkats and their glandular
microbiota.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-03356-x},
Key = {fds326999}
}
@misc{fds345051,
Author = {Drea, CM},
Title = {Condition-dependent Scent Signals in Strepsirrhine
Primates},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {162},
Pages = {165-166},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds345051}
}
@misc{fds345052,
Author = {Smyth, KN and Stonehill, A and Caruso, N and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Consequences of Prenatal Androgen Exposure for Offspring
Health: an Experimental Study in Wild Meerkats},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {57},
Pages = {E158-E158},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2017},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds345052}
}
@misc{fds345053,
Author = {Harris, RL and Drea, CM},
Title = {In Sickness and In Health: Olfactory Cues of Injury and
Illness in Lemurs},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {57},
Pages = {E284-E284},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2017},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds345053}
}
@misc{fds345023,
Author = {McKenney, EA and Greene, LK and Drea, CM and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {Down for the count: Cryptosporidium infection
depletes the gut microbiome in Coquerel's
sifakas.},
Journal = {Microbial ecology in health and disease},
Volume = {28},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1335165},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16512235.2017.1335165},
Abstract = {<b>Background</b>: The gut microbiome (GMB) is the first
line of defense against enteric pathogens, which are a
leading cause of disease and mortality worldwide. One such
pathogen, the protozoan <i>Cryptosporidium</i>, causes a
variety of digestive disorders that can be devastating and
even lethal. The Coquerel's sifaka (<i>Propithecus
coquereli</i>) - an endangered, folivorous primate endemic
to Madagascar - is precariously susceptible to
cryptosporidiosis under captive conditions. If left
untreated, infection can rapidly advance to morbidity and
death. <b>Objective</b>: To gain a richer understanding of
the pathophysiology of this pathogen while also improving
captive management of endangered species, we examine the
impact of cryptosporidiosis on the GMB of a flagship species
known to experience a debilitating disease state upon
infection. <b>Design</b>: Using 16S sequencing of DNA
extracted from sifaka fecal samples, we compared the
microbial communities of healthy sifakas to those of
infected individuals, across infection and recovery periods.
<b>Results</b>: Over the course of infection, we found that
the sifaka GMB responds with decreased microbial diversity
and increased community dissimilarity. Compared to the GMB
of unaffected individuals, as well as during pre-infection
and recovery periods, the GMB during active infection was
enriched for microbial taxa associated with dysbiosis and
rapid transit time. Time to recovery was inversely related
to age, with young animals being slowest to recover GMB
diversity and full community membership. Antimicrobial
treatment during infection caused a significant depletion in
GMB diversity. <b>Conclusions</b>: Although individual
sifakas show unique trajectories of microbial loss and
recolonization in response to infection, recovering sifakas
exhibit remarkably consistent patterns, similar to initial
community assembly of the GMB in infants. This observation,
in particular, provides biological insight into the rules by
which the GMB recovers from the disease state. Fecal
transfaunation may prove effective in restoring a healthy
GMB in animals with specialized diets.},
Doi = {10.1080/16512235.2017.1335165},
Key = {fds345023}
}
@misc{fds318203,
Author = {Davies, CS and Smyth, KN and Greene, LK and Walsh, DA and Mitchell, J and Clutton-Brock, T and Drea, CM},
Title = {Exceptional endocrine profiles characterise the meerkat:
sex, status, and reproductive patterns},
Journal = {Scientific Reports},
Volume = {6},
Pages = {35492},
Publisher = {The Author(s)},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep35492},
Abstract = {In vertebrates, reproductive endocrine concentrations are
strongly differentiated by sex, with androgen biases
typifying males and estrogen biases typifying females. These
sex differences can be reduced in female-dominant species;
however, even the most masculinised of females have less
testosterone (T) than do conspecific males. To test if
aggressively dominant, female meerkats (Suricata suricatta)
may be hormonally masculinised, we measured serum
androstenedione (A<sub>4</sub>), T and estradiol
(E<sub>2</sub>) in both sexes and social classes, during
both 'baseline' and reproductive events. Relative to
resident males, dominant females had greater A<sub>4</sub>,
equivalent T and greater E<sub>2</sub> concentrations.
Males, whose endocrine values did not vary by social status,
experienced increased T during reproductive forays, linking
T to sexual behaviour, but not social status. Moreover,
substantial E<sub>2</sub> concentrations in male meerkats
may facilitate their role as helpers. In females, dominance
status and pregnancy magnified the unusual concentrations of
measured sex steroids. Lastly, faecal androgen metabolites
replicated the findings derived from serum, highlighting the
female bias in total androgens. Female meerkats are thus
strongly hormonally masculinised, possibly via
A<sub>4</sub>'s bioavailability for conversion to T. These
raised androgen concentrations may explain female
aggressiveness in this species and give dominant breeders a
heritable mechanism for their daughters' competitive
edge.},
Doi = {10.1038/srep35492},
Key = {fds318203}
}
@misc{fds331198,
Author = {Smyth, KN and Greene, LK and Clutton-Brock, T and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Androgens predict parasitism in female meerkats: a new
perspective on a classic trade-off.},
Journal = {Biology letters},
Volume = {12},
Number = {10},
Pages = {20160660},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0660},
Abstract = {The immunocompetence handicap hypothesis posits that
androgens in males can be a 'double-edged sword', actively
promoting reproductive success, while also negatively
impacting health. Because there can be both substantial
androgen concentrations in females and significant
androgenic variation among them, particularly in species
portraying female social dominance over males or intense
female-female competition, androgens might also play a role
in mediating female health and fitness. We examined this
hypothesis in the meerkat (Suricata suricatta), a
cooperatively breeding, social carnivoran characterized by
aggressively mediated female social dominance and extreme
rank-related reproductive skew. Dominant females also have
greater androgen concentrations and harbour greater parasite
loads than their subordinate counterparts, but the
relationship between concurrent androgen concentrations and
parasite burdens is unknown. We found that a female's faecal
androgen concentrations reliably predicted her concurrent
state of endoparasitism irrespective of her social status:
parasite species richness and infection by Spirurida
nematodes, Oxynema suricattae, Pseudandrya suricattae and
coccidia were greater with greater androgen concentrations.
Based on gastrointestinal parasite burdens, females appear
to experience the same trade-off in the costs and benefits
of raised androgens as do the males of many species. This
trade-off presumably represents a health cost of sexual
selection operating in females.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2016.0660},
Key = {fds331198}
}
@misc{fds321976,
Author = {Charpentier, MJE and Williams, CV and Drea, CM},
Title = {Erratum to: Inbreeding depression in ring-tailed lemurs
(Lemur catta): genetic diversity predicts parasitism,
immunocompetence, and survivorship(Conserv Genet, (2008), 9,
1605-1615, Doi:10.1007/s10592-007-9499-4)},
Journal = {Conservation Genetics},
Volume = {17},
Number = {3},
Pages = {751},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2016},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-015-0799-9},
Doi = {10.1007/s10592-015-0799-9},
Key = {fds321976}
}
@misc{fds321977,
Author = {Greene, LK and Wallen, TW and Moresco, A and Goodwin, TE and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Reproductive endocrine patterns and volatile urinary
compounds of Arctictis binturong: discovering why bearcats
smell like popcorn.},
Journal = {Die Naturwissenschaften},
Volume = {103},
Number = {5-6},
Pages = {37},
Year = {2016},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-016-1361-4},
Abstract = {Members of the order Carnivora rely on urinary scent
signaling, particularly for communicating about reproductive
parameters. Here, we describe reproductive endocrine
patterns in relation to urinary olfactory cues in a
vulnerable and relatively unknown viverrid--the binturong
(Arctictis binturong). Female binturongs are larger than and
dominate males, and both sexes engage in glandular and
urinary scent marking. Using a large (n = 33), captive
population, we collected serum samples to measure
circulating sex steroids via enzyme immunoassay and urine
samples to assay volatile chemicals via gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry. Male binturongs had
expectedly greater androgen concentrations than did females
but, more unusually, had equal estrogen concentrations,
which may be linked to male deference. Males also expressed
a significantly richer array of volatile chemical compounds
than did females. A subset of these volatile chemicals
resisted decay at ambient temperatures, potentially
indicating their importance as long-lasting semiochemicals.
Among these compounds was 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP), which
is typically produced at high temperatures by the Maillard
reaction and is likely to be responsible for the binturong's
characteristic popcorn aroma. 2-AP, the only compound
expressed by all of the subjects, was found in greater
abundance in males than females and was significantly and
positively related to circulating androstenedione
concentrations in both sexes. This unusual compound may have
a more significant role in mammalian semiochemistry than
previously appreciated. Based on these novel data, we
suggest that hormonal action and potentially complex
chemical reactions mediate communication of the binturong's
signature scent and convey information about sex and
reproductive state.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00114-016-1361-4},
Key = {fds321977}
}
@misc{fds314362,
Author = {Greene, LK and Grogan, KE and Smyth, KN and Adams, CA and Klager, SA and Drea, CM},
Title = {Mix it and fix it: functions of composite olfactory signals
in ring-tailed lemurs},
Journal = {Royal Society Open Science},
Volume = {3},
Number = {4},
Pages = {160076},
Year = {2016},
Month = {April},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/11826 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Animals communicating via scent often deposit composite
signals that incorporate odorants from multiple sources;
however, the function of mixing chemical signals remains
understudied. We tested both a ‘multiple-messages’ and a
‘fixative’ hypothesis of composite olfactory signalling,
which, respectively, posit that mixing scents functions to
increase information content or prolong signal longevity.
Our subjects—adult, male ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur
catta)—have a complex scent-marking repertoire, involving
volatile antebrachial (A) secretions, deposited pure or
after being mixed with a squalene-rich paste exuded from
brachial (B) glands. Using behavioural bioassays, we
examined recipient responses to odorants collected from
conspecific strangers. We concurrently presented pure A,
pure B and mixed A + B secretions, in fresh or decayed
conditions. Lemurs preferentially responded to mixed over
pure secretions, their interest increasing and shifting over
time, from sniffing and countermarking fresh mixtures, to
licking and countermarking decayed mixtures. Substituting
synthetic squalene (S)—a well-known fixative—for B
secretions did not replicate prior results: B secretions,
which contain additional chemicals that probably encode
salient information, were preferred over pure S. Whereas
support for the ‘multiple-messages’ hypothesis
underscores the unique contribution from each of an animal's
various secretions, support for the ‘fixative’
hypothesis highlights the synergistic benefits of composite
signals.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsos.160076},
Key = {fds314362}
}
@misc{fds321978,
Author = {Grogan, KE and McGinnis, GJ and Sauther, ML and Cuozzo, FP and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Next-generation genotyping of hypervariable loci in many
individuals of a non-model species: technical and
theoretical implications.},
Journal = {BMC genomics},
Volume = {17},
Pages = {204},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-016-2503-y},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Across species, diversity at the Major
Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is critical to disease
resistance and population health; however, use of MHC
diversity to quantify the genetic health of populations has
been hampered by the extreme variation found in MHC genes.
Next generation sequencing (NGS) technology generates
sufficient data to genotype even the most diverse species,
but workflows for distinguishing artifacts from alleles are
still under development. We used NGS to evaluate the MHC
diversity of over 300 captive and wild ring-tailed lemurs
(Lemur catta: Primates: Mammalia). We modified a published
workflow to address errors that arise from deep sequencing
individuals and tested for evidence of selection at the most
diverse MHC genes.<h4>Results</h4>In addition to evaluating
the accuracy of 454 Titanium and Ion Torrent PGM for
genotyping large populations at hypervariable genes, we
suggested modifications to improve current methods of allele
calling. Using these modifications, we genotyped 302 out of
319 individuals, obtaining an average sequencing depth of
over 1000 reads per amplicon. We identified 55 MHC-DRB
alleles, 51 of which were previously undescribed, and
provide the first sequences of five additional MHC genes:
DOA, DOB, DPA, DQA, and DRA. The additional five MHC genes
had one or two alleles each with little sequence variation;
however, the 55 MHC-DRB alleles showed a high dN/dS ratio
and trans-species polymorphism, indicating a history of
positive selection. Because each individual possessed 1-7
MHC-DRB alleles, we suggest that ring-tailed lemurs have
four, putatively functional, MHC-DRB copies.<h4>Conclusions</h4>In
the future, accurate genotyping methods for NGS data will be
critical to assessing genetic variation in non-model
species. We recommend that future NGS studies increase the
proportion of replicated samples, both within and across
platforms, particularly for hypervariable genes like the
MHC. Quantifying MHC diversity within non-model species is
the first step to assessing the relationship of genetic
diversity at functional loci to individual fitness and
population viability. Owing to MHC-DRB diversity and copy
number, ring-tailed lemurs may serve as an ideal model for
estimating the interaction between genetic diversity,
fitness, and environment, especially regarding endangered
species.},
Doi = {10.1186/s12864-016-2503-y},
Key = {fds321978}
}
@misc{fds345054,
Author = {Grogan, KE and Boulet, M and Drea, CM},
Title = {Ring-tailed lemurs use olfactory signals to differentiate
the MHC quality of potential mates},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {162-162},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds345054}
}
@misc{fds345055,
Author = {Smyth, KN and Davies, CS and Drea, CM},
Title = {The costs of being the boss: androgens and innate immunity
in a female-dominant species},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {56},
Pages = {E206-E206},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds345055}
}
@misc{fds345056,
Author = {Grogan, KE and Sauther, ML and Cuozzo, FP and Drea,
CM},
Title = {The Influence of MHC on Reproductive Success in Wild
Ring-tailed Lemurs (Lemur catta)},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {56},
Pages = {E80-E80},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds345056}
}
@misc{fds345057,
Author = {Davies, CS and Smyth, KN and Greene, LK and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Hormonal 'masculinization' in female meerkats (Suricata
suricatta)},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {56},
Pages = {E50-E50},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds345057}
}
@misc{fds321979,
Author = {delBarco-Trillo, J and Greene, LK and Goncalves, IB and Fenkes, M and Wisse, JH and Drewe, JA and Manser, MB and Clutton-Brock, T and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Beyond aggression: Androgen-receptor blockade modulates
social interaction in wild meerkats.},
Journal = {Hormones and behavior},
Volume = {78},
Pages = {95-106},
Year = {2016},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.11.001},
Abstract = {In male vertebrates, androgens are inextricably linked to
reproduction, social dominance, and aggression, often at the
cost of paternal investment or prosociality. Testosterone is
invoked to explain rank-related reproductive differences,
but its role within a status class, particularly among
subordinates, is underappreciated. Recent evidence,
especially for monogamous and cooperatively breeding
species, suggests broader androgenic mediation of adult
social interaction. We explored the actions of androgens in
subordinate, male members of a cooperatively breeding
species, the meerkat (Suricata suricatta). Although male
meerkats show no rank-related testosterone differences,
subordinate helpers rarely reproduce. We blocked androgen
receptors, in the field, by treating subordinate males with
the antiandrogen, flutamide. We monitored androgen
concentrations (via baseline serum and time-sequential fecal
sampling) and recorded behavior within their groups (via
focal observation). Relative to controls, flutamide-treated
animals initiated less and received more high-intensity
aggression (biting, threatening, feeding competition),
engaged in more prosocial behavior (social sniffing,
grooming, huddling), and less frequently initiated play or
assumed a 'dominant' role during play, revealing significant
androgenic effects across a broad range of social behavior.
By contrast, guarding or vigilance and measures of olfactory
and vocal communication in subordinate males appeared
unaffected by flutamide treatment. Thus, androgens in male
meerkat helpers are aligned with the traditional trade-off
between promoting reproductive and aggressive behavior at a
cost to affiliation. Our findings, based on rare endocrine
manipulation in wild mammals, show a more pervasive role for
androgens in adult social behavior than is often recognized,
with possible relevance for understanding tradeoffs in
cooperative systems.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.11.001},
Key = {fds321979}
}
@misc{fds321980,
Author = {Smyth, KN and Drea, CM},
Title = {Patterns of parasitism in the cooperatively breeding
meerkat: A cost of dominance for females},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology},
Volume = {27},
Number = {1},
Pages = {148-157},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arv132},
Abstract = {Within animal societies, demographic and social factors, as
well as the different reproductive efforts of group members,
may influence individual patterns of reproductive success
and parasitism. In mammals, such relationships have been
studied primarily in male-dominant species. To better
understand these linkages in other social systems, we
studied a female-dominant cooperative breeder, the meerkat
(Suricata suricatta). This species is characterized by
intense intrasexual competition and extreme reproductive
skew in both sexes. Within adults, we examined
heterogeneities in infection by 6 species of endoparasites
in relation to host factors (e.g., weight, age, social
status, sex, and group size). We explored potential
trade-offs between reproduction and parasitism in dominant
and subordinate animals of both sexes. Whereas weight and
age were predictive of a few parasite taxa, social status or
sex predicted parasite species richness and patterns of
infection for the majority of parasites examined. Moreover,
a significant interaction between sex and status for 2
nematode taxa revealed that dominant females were the most
at risk of infection. Lastly, a positive relationship
between group size and parasitism was evident in females
only. In sum, compared with subordinates, dominant meerkats
may experience increased exposure to directly transmitted
parasites. Coupled with hormone-mediated immunosuppression,
the increased susceptibility of dominant females may reflect
energy allocation for preferentially maintaining dominance
and breeding status over parasite defense. In species in
which female intrasexual competition is intense, this
trade-off between reproduction and health may be more
pronounced in females than in males.},
Doi = {10.1093/beheco/arv132},
Key = {fds321980}
}
@misc{fds240142,
Author = {Petty, JMA and Drea, CM},
Title = {Female rule in lemurs is ancestral and hormonally
mediated.},
Journal = {Scientific reports},
Volume = {5},
Pages = {9631},
Year = {2015},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep09631},
Abstract = {Female social dominance (FSD) over males is unusual in
mammals, yet characterizes most Malagasy lemurs, which
represent almost 30% of all primates. Despite its prevalence
in this suborder, both the evolutionary trajectory and
proximate mechanism of FSD remain unclear. Potentially
associated with FSD is a suite of behavioural, physiological
and morphological traits in females that implicates (as a
putative mechanism) 'masculinization' via androgen exposure;
however, relative to conspecific males, female lemurs
curiously show little evidence of raised androgen
concentrations. By observing mixed-sex pairs of related
Eulemur species, we identified two key study groups--one
comprised of species expressing FSD and increased female
scent marking, the other comprised of species (from a
recently evolved clade) showing equal status between the
sexes and the more traditional pattern of sexually dimorphic
behaviour. Comparing females from these two groups, we show
that FSD is associated with more masculine androgen
profiles. Based on the widespread prevalence of male-like
features in female lemurs and a current phylogeny, we
suggest that relaxation of hormonally mediated FSD emerged
only recently and that female masculinization may be the
ancestral lemur condition, an idea that could revolutionize
our understanding of the ancient socioecology and evolution
of primate social systems.},
Doi = {10.1038/srep09631},
Key = {fds240142}
}
@misc{fds240143,
Author = {Crawford, JC and Drea, CM},
Title = {Baby on board: olfactory cues indicate pregnancy and fetal
sex in a non-human primate},
Journal = {Biology Letters},
Volume = {11},
Number = {2},
Pages = {20140831},
Year = {2015},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1744-9561},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9493 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Jeremy Chase Crawford1,2,3,4 and Christine M.
Drea4,5⇑1National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, Durham,
NC, USA2Department of Integrative Biology, University of
California, Berkeley, CA, USA3Museum of Vertebrate Zoology,
University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA4Department of
Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC,
USA5Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC,
USAe-mail: cdrea{at}duke.eduAbstract Olfactory cues play an
integral, albeit underappreciated, role in mediating
vertebrate social and reproductive behaviour. These cues
fluctuate with the signaller's hormonal condition,
coincident with and informative about relevant aspects of
its reproductive state, such as pubertal onset, change in
season and, in females, timing of ovulation. Although
pregnancy dramatically alters a female's endocrine
profiles, which can be further influenced by fetal sex, the
relationship between gestation and olfactory cues is poorly
understood. We therefore examined the effects of pregnancy
and fetal sex on volatile genital secretions in the
ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta), a strepsirrhine primate
possessing complex olfactory mechanisms of reproductive
signalling. While pregnant, dams altered and dampened their
expression of volatile chemicals, with compound richness
being particularly reduced in dams bearing sons. These
changes were comparable in magnitude with other, published
chemical differences among lemurs that are salient to
conspecifics. Such olfactory ‘signatures’ of pregnancy
may help guide social interactions, potentially promoting
mother–infant recognition, reducing intragroup conflict or
counteracting behavioural mechanisms of paternity confusion;
cues that also advertise fetal sex may additionally
facilitate differential sex allocation. olfactory
communicationreproductive signalgestationsex
allocationhormonechemosignalReceived October 27,
2014.Accepted January 20, 2015.© 2015 The Author(s)
Published by the Royal Society. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2014.0831},
Key = {fds240143}
}
@misc{fds240149,
Author = {Drea, CM},
Title = {D'scent of man: a comparative survey of primate
chemosignaling in relation to sex.},
Journal = {Hormones and behavior},
Volume = {68},
Pages = {117-133},
Year = {2015},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0018-506X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.08.001},
Abstract = {This article is part of a Special Issue (Chemosignals and
Reproduction). As highly visual animals, primates, in
general, and Old World species (including humans), in
particular, are not immediately recognized for reliance in
their daily interactions on olfactory communication.
Nevertheless, views on primate olfactory acuity and the
pervasiveness of their scent signaling are changing, with
increased appreciation for the important role of body odors
in primate social and sexual behavior. All major taxonomic
groups, from lemurs to humans, are endowed with
scent-producing organs, and either deposit or exude a wealth
of volatile compounds, many of which are known
semiochemicals. This review takes a comparative perspective
to illustrate the reproductive context of primate signaling,
the relevant information content of their signals, the
sexually differentiated investigative responses generated,
and the behavioral or physiological consequences of message
transmission to both signaler and receiver. Throughout,
humans are placed alongside their relatives to illustrate
the evolutionary continuum in the sexual selection of
primate chemosignals. This ever-growing body of evidence
points to a critical role of scent in guiding the social
behavior and reproductive function throughout the primate
order.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.08.001},
Key = {fds240149}
}
@misc{fds240146,
Author = {delBarco-Trillo, J and Drea, CM},
Title = {Socioecological and phylogenetic patterns in the chemical
signals of strepsirrhine primates},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {97},
Pages = {249-253},
Year = {2014},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.07.009},
Abstract = {Our understanding of chemical signals in mammals derives
principally from studies in which researchers examine signal
structure or function within a single species. Despite the
unique information to be gained from applying comparable
methods across multiple species, comparative studies of
chemical signals are extremely limited. Here, we review the
available literature on the evolution of chemosignals in
male and female strepsirrhine primates (galagos, lorises and
lemurs), all of which rely heavily on chemical
communication. We draw from a few case studies, but focus
our review on two comparative studies. In one, researchers
examined the volatile chemical composition of urinary
signals across 12 species representing most families within
Strepsirrhini, including six 'urine-marking' species and six
glandular or 'nonurine-marking' species. In the other,
researchers examined the volatile chemical composition of
glandular signals in eight Eulemur species differing in
social or dominance structure. We highlight five findings.
(1) Regardless of the scent source, chemical profiles differ
substantially between species, providing reliable species
'scent signatures'. None the less, (2) urine markers express
more compounds and have more distinguishable species scent
signatures in their urine than do nonurine markers,
suggesting specialization of function. Within Eulemur (3)
chemical richness is greater in multimale-multifemale
species than in pair-bonded species. Moreover, (4) whereas
chemical richness of male signals is greater in sexually
codominant species, chemical richness of female signals is
greater in female-dominant species. Together, the findings
from both comparative studies, coupled with case studies,
suggest that signal richness is linked to some aspect of the
focal species' socioecology. Lastly, (5) regardless of the
scent source, strepsirrhine chemosignals evolve gradually
over time, but at fast rates and homogeneously within
different lineages. Comparative studies reveal patterns that
cannot be detected from the single-species approach and are
therefore critical for providing new insight into the
function and evolution of olfactory signals.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.07.009},
Key = {fds240146}
}
@misc{fds240152,
Author = {Kulahci, IG and Drea, CM and Rubenstein, DI and Ghazanfar,
AA},
Title = {Individual recognition through olfactory-auditory matching
in lemurs.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {281},
Number = {1784},
Pages = {20140071},
Year = {2014},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0962-8452},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0071},
Abstract = {Individual recognition can be facilitated by creating
representations of familiar individuals, whereby information
from signals in multiple sensory modalities become linked.
Many vertebrate species use auditory-visual matching to
recognize familiar conspecifics and heterospecifics, but we
currently do not know whether representations of familiar
individuals incorporate information from other modalities.
Ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) are highly visual, but also
communicate via scents and vocalizations. To investigate the
role of olfactory signals in multisensory recognition, we
tested whether lemurs can recognize familiar individuals
through matching scents and vocalizations. We presented
lemurs with female scents that were paired with the contact
call either of the female whose scent was presented or of
another familiar female from the same social group. When the
scent and the vocalization came from the same individual
versus from different individuals, females showed greater
interest in the scents, and males showed greater interest in
both the scents and the vocalizations, suggesting that
lemurs can recognize familiar females via olfactory-auditory
matching. Because identity signals in lemur scents and
vocalizations are produced by different effectors and often
encountered at different times (uncoupled in space and
time), this matching suggests lemurs form multisensory
representations through a newly recognized sensory
integration underlying individual recognition.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2014.0071},
Key = {fds240152}
}
@misc{fds240153,
Author = {Grogan, KE and Sauther, ML and Cuozzo, FP and Drea,
CM},
Title = {The impact of genetic variation at the Major
Histocompatibility Complex in captive and wild ring-tailed
lemurs (Lemur catta)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {153},
Pages = {131-131},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000331225100300&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240153}
}
@misc{fds240154,
Author = {Drea, CM},
Title = {Reassessing Bateman: Sexual selection in strepsirrhine
primates},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {153},
Pages = {108-108},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000331225100198&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240154}
}
@misc{fds240155,
Author = {Greene, LK and Drea, CM},
Title = {Love is in the air: Sociality and pair bondedness influence
sifaka reproductive signalling},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {88},
Pages = {147-156},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2014},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/8368 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Social complexity, often estimated by group size, is seen as
driving the complexity of vocal signals, but its relation to
olfactory signals, which arguably arose to function in
nonsocial realms, remains underappreciated. That olfactory
signals also may mediate within-group interaction, vary with
social complexity and promote social cohesion underscores a
potentially crucial link with sociality. To examine that
link, we integrated chemical and behavioural analyses to ask
whether olfactory signals facilitate reproductive
coordination in a strepsirrhine primate, the Coquerel's
sifaka, Propithecus coquereli. Belonging to a clade
comprising primarily solitary, nocturnal species, the
diurnal, group-living sifaka represents an interesting test
case. Convergent with diurnal, group-living lemurids,
sifakas expressed chemically rich scent signals, consistent
with the social complexity hypothesis for communication.
These signals minimally encoded the sex of the signaller and
varied with female reproductive state. Likewise, sex and
female fertility were reflected in within-group scent
investigation, scent marking and overmarking. We further
asked whether, within breeding pairs, the stability or
quality of the pair's bond influences the composition of
glandular signals and patterns of investigatory or
scent-marking behaviour. Indeed, reproductively successful
pairs tended to show greater similarity in their scent
signals than did reproductively unsuccessful pairs,
potentially through chemical convergence. Moreover, scent
marking was temporally coordinated within breeding pairs and
was influenced by past reproductive success. That olfactory
signalling reflects social bondedness or reproductive
history lends support to recent suggestions that the quality
of relationships may be a more valuable proxy than group
size for estimating social complexity. We suggest that
olfactory signalling in sifakas is more complex than
previously recognized and, as in other socially integrated
species, can be a crucial mechanism for promoting group
cohesion and maintaining social bonds. Thus, the evolution
of sociality may well be reflected in the complexity of
olfactory signalling.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.11.019},
Key = {fds240155}
}
@misc{fds240150,
Author = {Leclaire, S and Nielsen, JF and Drea, CM},
Title = {Bacterial communities in meerkat anal scent secretions vary
with host sex, age, and group membership},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology},
Volume = {25},
Number = {4},
Pages = {996-1004},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1045-2249},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/aru074},
Abstract = {The contribution of bacterial fermentation to the production
of vertebrate scent signals has long been suspected, but
there is still relatively little information about the
factors driving variation in microbial composition in animal
scent secretions. Our study subject, the meerkat (Suricata
suricatta), is a social mongoose that lives in territorial,
family groups and relies heavily on scent for social
communication. Unusually in mammalian research, extensive
life-history data exist for multiple groups inhabiting the
same ecosystem, allowing for a study of both individual
variation and group differences in the host's microbial
communities. Using a culture-independent sampling technique,
we explored the relationship between a signaler's sex,
age/dominance, genotype or group membership, and the
microbiota of its anal scent secretions. We found
differences in the microbiota of males and females, but only
after the animals had reached sexual maturity. Although
bacterial communities in meerkat scent secretions were not
more similar between kin than between nonkin, they were more
similar between members of the same group than between
members of different groups. Collectively, these results are
consistent with a potential role for reproductive hormones
in determining a host's bacterial assemblages, as well as an
influence of sociality (such as intragroup allo-marking
behavior) and/or microhabitat in the acquisition of
bacterial assemblages. This study provides a key starting
point for understanding the role of microbes in the
variation of scent composition in mammals. © 2014 The
Author.},
Doi = {10.1093/beheco/aru074},
Key = {fds240150}
}
@misc{fds240151,
Author = {Cunha, GR and Risbridger, G and Wang, H and Place, NJ and Grumbach, M and Cunha, TJ and Weldele, M and Conley, AJ and Barcellos, D and Agarwal, S and Bhargava, A and Drea, C and Hammond, GL and Siiteri, P and Coscia, EM and McPhaul, MJ and Baskin, LS and Glickman, SE},
Title = {Development of the external genitalia: perspectives from the
spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta).},
Journal = {Differentiation; research in biological diversity},
Volume = {87},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {4-22},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0301-4681},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diff.2013.12.003},
Abstract = {This review/research paper summarizes data on development of
the external genitalia of the spotted hyena, a fascinating
mammal noted for extreme masculinization of the female
external genitalia. The female spotted hyena is the only
extant mammal that mates and gives birth through a pendulous
penis-like clitoris. Our studies indicate that early
formation of the phallus in both males and females is
independent of androgens; indeed the phallus forms before
the fetal testes or ovaries are capable of synthesizing
androgens. Likewise, pre- and postnatal growth in length of
the penis and clitoris is minimally affected by "androgen
status". Nonetheless, several internal morphologies, as well
as external surface features of the phallus, are
androgen-dependent and thus account for dimorphism between
the penis and clitoris. Finally, estrogens play a critical
role in penile and clitoral development, specifying the
position of the urethral orifice, determining elasticity of
the urethral meatus, and facilitating epithelial-epithelial
fusion events required for proper formation of the distal
urethra/urogenital sinus and prepuce. Accordingly, prenatal
inhibition of estrogen synthesis via administration of
letrozole (an aromatase inhibitor) leads to malformations of
the glans as well as the prepuce (hypospadias). The effects
of prenatal androgens, anti-androgens and impaired estrogen
synthesis correlated with the tissue expression of androgen
and estrogen receptors.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.diff.2013.12.003},
Key = {fds240151}
}
@misc{fds240161,
Author = {Drea, CM and Boulet, M and Delbarco-Trillo, J and Greene, LK and Sacha,
CR and Goodwin, TE and Dubay, GR},
Title = {The "secret" in secretions: methodological considerations in
deciphering primate olfactory communication.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {75},
Number = {7},
Pages = {621-642},
Year = {2013},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23526595},
Abstract = {Olfactory communication in primates is gaining recognition;
however, studies on the production and perception of primate
scent signals are still scant. In general, there are five
tasks to be accomplished when deciphering the chemical
signals contained in excretions and secretions: (1)
obtaining the appropriate samples; (2) extracting the target
organic compounds from the biological matrix; (3) separating
the extracted compounds from one another (by gas
chromatography, GC or liquid chromatography, LC); (4)
identifying the compounds (by mass spectrometry, MS and
associated procedures); and (5) revealing biologically
meaningful patterns in the data. Ultimately, because some of
the compounds identified in odorants may not be relevant,
associated steps in understanding signal function involve
verifying the perception or biological activity of putative
semiochemicals via (6) behavioral bioassays or (7) receptor
response studies. This review will focus on the chemical
analyses and behavioral bioassays of volatile, primate scent
signals. Throughout, we highlight the potential pitfalls of
working with highly complex, chemical matrices and suggest
ways for minimizing problems. A recurring theme in this
review is that multiple approaches and instrumentation are
required to characterize the full range of information
contained in the complex mixtures that typify primate or,
indeed, many vertebrate olfactory cues. Only by integrating
studies of signal production with those verifying signal
perception will we better understand the function of
olfactory communication.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.22143},
Key = {fds240161}
}
@misc{fds240192,
Author = {Delbarco-Trillo, J and Harelimana, IH and Goodwin, TE and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Chemical differences between voided and bladder urine in the
aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis): implications for
olfactory communication studies.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {75},
Number = {7},
Pages = {695-702},
Year = {2013},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23027610},
Abstract = {Urine serves a communicative function in many mammalian
species. In some species, the signaling function of urine
can be enhanced by the addition of chemical compounds from
glands along the distal portion of the urogenital tract.
Although urine marking is the main mode of chemical
communication in many primate species, there has been no
study of the contribution of urogenital secretions to the
chemical complexity of primate urine. Here, we compared the
chemical composition of bladder urine versus voided urine in
the aye-aye, Daubentonia madagascariensis, a strepsirrhine
primate that relies on urine in intraspecific communication.
Both types of urine, collected from each of 11 aye-ayes
representing both sexes of varying adult ages, underwent
headspace analysis via gas chromatography and mass
spectrometry. Although the average number of compounds was
similar in bladder and voided urine, 17% of the compounds
detected occurred exclusively in voided urine (but only in a
subset of individuals). An overall measure of chemical
complexity (using a nonmetric multidimensional scaling
analysis) showed that both types of urine were chemically
different at the individual level. There was no apparent sex
or age differences in the chemical components found in
aye-aye urine. Nonetheless, the individual dissimilarities
between bladder urine and voided urine indicate chemical
contributions from structures along the urogenital tract and
offer further support for the relevance of urinary
communication in the aye-aye.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.22083},
Key = {fds240192}
}
@misc{fds286472,
Author = {Charpentier, MJE and Mboumba, S and Ditsoga, C and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Nasopalatine ducts and flehmen behavior in the mandrill:
reevaluating olfactory communication in Old World
primates.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {75},
Number = {7},
Pages = {703-714},
Year = {2013},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23526642},
Abstract = {Compared to other modes of communication, chemical signaling
between conspecifics generally has been overlooked in Old
World primates, despite the presence in this group of
secretory glands and scent-marking behavior, as well as the
confirmed production and perception of olfactory signals. In
other mammalian species, flehmen is a behavior thought to
transport primarily nonvolatile, aqueous-soluble odorants
via specialized ducts to the vomeronasal organ (VNO). By
contrast, Old World primates are traditionally thought to
lack a functional VNO, relying instead on the main olfactory
system to process volatile odorants from their environment.
Here, in the mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx), we document
unusual morphological and behavioral traits that typically
are associated with the uptake of conspecific chemical cues
for processing by an accessory olfactory system. Notably, we
confirmed that both sexes possess open nasopalatine ducts
and, in response to the presentation of conspecific
odorants, we found that both sexes showed stereotyped
behavior consistent with the flehmen response. If, as in
other species, flehmen in the mandrill serves to mediate
social or reproductive information, we expected its
occurrence to vary with characteristics of either the
signaler or receiver. Flehmen, particularly in a given male,
occurred most often in response to odorants derived from
male, as opposed to female, conspecifics. Moreover, odorants
derived during the breeding season elicited more flehmen
responses than did odorants collected during the birthing
season. Lastly, odorants from reproductively cycling females
also elicited more responses than did odorants from
contracepted females. Although confirming a link between the
nasopalatine ducts, flehmen behavior, and olfactory
processing in mandrills would require further study, our
observations provide new information to suggest anatomical
variability within Old World primates, calling further
attention to the underappreciated role of chemical
communication in this lineage.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.22146},
Key = {fds286472}
}
@misc{fds240156,
Author = {Charpentier, MJE and Drea, CM},
Title = {Victims of infanticide and conspecific bite wounding in a
female-dominant primate: a long-term study.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {8},
Number = {12},
Pages = {e82830},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24367560},
Abstract = {The aggression animals receive from conspecifics varies
between individuals across their lifetime. As poignantly
evidenced by infanticide, for example, aggression can have
dramatic fitness consequences. Nevertheless, we understand
little about the sources of variation in received
aggression, particularly in females. Using a female-dominant
species renowned for aggressivity in both sexes, we tested
for potential social, demographic, and genetic patterns in
the frequency with which animals were wounded by
conspecifics. Our study included 243 captive, ring-tailed
lemurs (Lemur catta), followed from infancy to adulthood
over a 35-year time span. We extracted injury, social, and
life-history information from colony records and calculated
neutral heterozygosity for a subset of animals, as an
estimate of genetic diversity. Focusing on victims rather
than aggressors, we used General Linear Models to explain
bite-wound patterns at different life stages. In infancy,
maternal age best predicted wounds received, as infants born
to young mothers were the most frequent infanticide victims.
In adulthood, sex best predicted wounds received, as males
were three times more likely than females to be seriously
injured. No relation emerged between wounds received and the
other variables studied. Beyond the generally expected costs
of adult male intrasexual aggression, we suggest possible
additive costs associated with female-dominant societies -
those suffered by young mothers engaged in aggressive
disputes and those suffered by adult males aggressively
targeted by both sexes. We propose that infanticide in
lemurs may be a costly by-product of aggressively mediated,
female social dominance. Accordingly, the benefits of female
behavioral 'masculinization' accrued to females through
priority of access to resources, may be partially offset by
early costs in reproductive success. Understanding the
factors that influence lifetime patterns of conspecific
wounding is critical to evaluating the fitness costs
associated with social living; however, these costs may vary
substantially between societies.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0082830},
Key = {fds240156}
}
@article{fds222016,
Author = {Grogan, K. and Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Using next-generation sequencing to investigate genetic
health in a threatened primate},
Journal = {Paper presented at the 26th International Congress of
Conservation Biology, Baltimore, MD},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds222016}
}
@misc{fds220544,
Author = {Cunha, G.R. and Risbridger, G. and Wang, H. and Place, N.J. and Wilson, J. and Grumbach, M. and Siiteri, P. and Cunha, T.J. and Conley, A.J. and Barcellos, D. and Agarwal, S. and Bhargava, A. and Drea, C.M. and Hammond, G. and Weldele, M. and Baskin, L.S. and Glickman, S.},
Title = {Development of the external genitalia: Perspectives from the
spotted hyena},
Journal = {Differentiation},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds220544}
}
@misc{fds240193,
Author = {delBarco-Trillo, J and Sacha, CR and Dubay, GR and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Eulemur, me lemur: the evolution of scent-signal complexity
in a primate clade.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {367},
Number = {1597},
Pages = {1909-1922},
Year = {2012},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22641829},
Abstract = {Signal complexity has been linked to social complexity in
vocal, but not chemical, communication. To address this gap,
we examined the chemical complexity of male and female
glandular secretions in eight species of Eulemur. In this
diverse clade of macrosmatic primates, species differ by
social or mating system and dominance structure. We applied
principal component and linear discriminate analyses to data
obtained by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Beyond the
significant effects on chemical signals of gland type, sex,
season and species, we found effects of social variables and
phylogeny. Notably, female odours were more chemically
complex in multimale-multifemale species than pair-bonded
species, whereas male odours were more chemically complex in
codominant species than female-dominant species. Also, the
traditional sexual dimorphism, whereby male signal
complexity exceeds that of females, was present in
codominant species, but reversed in female-dominant species.
Lastly, a positive relationship between the species'
pairwise chemical distances and their pairwise phylogenetic
distances supported a gradual, but relatively fast mode of
signal evolution. We suggest that the comparative method can
be a powerful tool in olfactory research, revealing species
differences relevant to the understanding of current signal
utility and evolutionary processes. In particular, social
complexity in lemurs may have selected for olfactory
complexity.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2011.0225},
Key = {fds240193}
}
@misc{fds240194,
Author = {MacLean, EL and Matthews, LJ and Hare, BA and Nunn, CL and Anderson, RC and Aureli, F and Brannon, EM and Call, J and Drea, CM and Emery, NJ and Haun,
DBM and Herrmann, E and Jacobs, LF and Platt, ML and Rosati, AG and Sandel,
AA and Schroepfer, KK and Seed, AM and Tan, J and van Schaik, CP and Wobber, V},
Title = {How does cognition evolve? Phylogenetic comparative
psychology.},
Journal = {Anim Cogn},
Volume = {15},
Number = {2},
Pages = {223-238},
Year = {2012},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21927850},
Abstract = {Now more than ever animal studies have the potential to test
hypotheses regarding how cognition evolves. Comparative
psychologists have developed new techniques to probe the
cognitive mechanisms underlying animal behavior, and they
have become increasingly skillful at adapting methodologies
to test multiple species. Meanwhile, evolutionary biologists
have generated quantitative approaches to investigate the
phylogenetic distribution and function of phenotypic traits,
including cognition. In particular, phylogenetic methods can
quantitatively (1) test whether specific cognitive abilities
are correlated with life history (e.g., lifespan),
morphology (e.g., brain size), or socio-ecological variables
(e.g., social system), (2) measure how strongly phylogenetic
relatedness predicts the distribution of cognitive skills
across species, and (3) estimate the ancestral state of a
given cognitive trait using measures of cognitive
performance from extant species. Phylogenetic methods can
also be used to guide the selection of species comparisons
that offer the strongest tests of a priori predictions of
cognitive evolutionary hypotheses (i.e., phylogenetic
targeting). Here, we explain how an integration of
comparative psychology and evolutionary biology will answer
a host of questions regarding the phylogenetic distribution
and history of cognitive traits, as well as the evolutionary
processes that drove their evolution.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-011-0448-8},
Key = {fds240194}
}
@misc{fds240195,
Author = {Hammond, GL and Miguel-Queralt, S and Yalcinkaya, TM and Underhill,
C and Place, NJ and Glickman, SE and Drea, CM and Wagner, AP and Siiteri,
PK},
Title = {Phylogenetic comparisons implicate sex hormone-binding
globulin in "masculinization" of the female spotted hyena
(Crocuta crocuta).},
Journal = {Endocrinology},
Volume = {153},
Number = {3},
Pages = {1435-1443},
Year = {2012},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22253421},
Abstract = {Exposures to sex steroids during fetal development are
thought to contribute to the unique urogenital anatomy and
social dominance of the female spotted hyena: overt
phenotypes not shared by other hyenids (i.e. striped hyena,
brown hyena, and aardwolf). Because both androgens and
estrogens influence development of genitalia and behavior,
and because plasma SHBG regulates their access to tissues,
we compared the Shbg gene sequences, structures, and
steroid-binding properties in the four extant hyenids. We
found the hyenid Shbg genes (>95% identical) and mature
protein sequences (98% identical) are highly conserved. As
in other mammals, the hyenid SHBG all bind
5α-dihydrotestosterone with high affinity (K(d) = 0.62-1.47
nm), but they also bind estrone and dehydroepiandrosterone
with similarly high affinity, and this unusual property was
attributed to specific amino acids within their SHBG
steroid-binding sites. Phylogenetic comparisons also
indicated that the spotted hyena SHBG precursor uniquely
lacks two leucine residues and has a L15W substitution
within its secretion signal polypeptide, the reduced size
and hydrophobicity of which markedly decreases the
production of SHBG and may therefore explain why serum SHBG
concentrations in male and female spotted hyenas are
approximately five times lower than in other hyenids. This
is important because low plasma SHBG concentrations in
spotted hyenas will increase exposure to biologically active
androgens and estrogen as well as to their precursors
(dehydroepiandrosterone and estrone), which may contribute
to the masculinized external genitalia of female spotted
hyenas and to female social dominance over
males.},
Doi = {10.1210/en.2011-1837},
Key = {fds240195}
}
@misc{fds240196,
Author = {Rushmore, J and Leonhardt, SD and Drea, CM},
Title = {Sight or scent: lemur sensory reliance in detecting food
quality varies with feeding ecology.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {7},
Number = {8},
Pages = {e41558},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22870229},
Abstract = {Visual and olfactory cues provide important information to
foragers, yet we know little about species differences in
sensory reliance during food selection. In a series of
experimental foraging studies, we examined the relative
reliance on vision versus olfaction in three diurnal,
primate species with diverse feeding ecologies, including
folivorous Coquerel's sifakas (Propithecus coquereli),
frugivorous ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata spp), and
generalist ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta). We used animals
with known color-vision status and foods for which different
maturation stages (and hence quality) produce distinct
visual and olfactory cues (the latter determined
chemically). We first showed that lemurs preferentially
selected high-quality foods over low-quality foods when
visual and olfactory cues were simultaneously available for
both food types. Next, using a novel apparatus in a series
of discrimination trials, we either manipulated food quality
(while holding sensory cues constant) or manipulated sensory
cues (while holding food quality constant). Among our study
subjects that showed relatively strong preferences for
high-quality foods, folivores required both sensory cues
combined to reliably identify their preferred foods, whereas
generalists could identify their preferred foods using
either cue alone, and frugivores could identify their
preferred foods using olfactory, but not visual, cues alone.
Moreover, when only high-quality foods were available,
folivores and generalists used visual rather than olfactory
cues to select food, whereas frugivores used both cue types
equally. Lastly, individuals in all three of the study
species predominantly relied on sight when choosing between
low-quality foods, but species differed in the strength of
their sensory biases. Our results generally emphasize visual
over olfactory reliance in foraging lemurs, but we suggest
that the relative sensory reliance of animals may vary with
their feeding ecology.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0041558},
Key = {fds240196}
}
@article{fds222014,
Author = {Kulahci, I.G. and Drea, C.M. and Rubenstein, D.I. and Ghazanfar,
A.A.},
Title = {Ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) recognize familiar
individuals by matching odors and vocalizations},
Journal = {Poster presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Animal
Behavior Society, Albuquerque, NM},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds222014}
}
@article{fds222015,
Author = {Crawford, J.C. and Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Plasticity in primate olfactory signals: Testing the
hormonal modulation of scent via natural and controlled
experiments},
Journal = {Paper presented at the 28th Annual Meeting of the
International Society of Chemical Ecology, Vilnius,
Lithuania},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds222015}
}
@misc{fds240191,
Author = {Charpentier, MJE and Ditsoga, C and Mboumba, S and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Nasopalatine ducts and flehmen behavior in the mandrill
(Mandrillus sphinx): Reevaluating olfactory communication in
primates.},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {75},
Number = {7},
Pages = {703-714},
Year = {2012},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22146},
Abstract = {Compared to other modes of communication, chemical signaling
generally has been overlooked in Old World primates, despite
the presence in this group of secretory glands and
scent-marking behavior, as well as the confirmed production
and perception of conspecific olfactory signals. In other
mammalian species, flehmen is a behavior thought to
transport nonvolatile, aqueous-soluble odorants via
specialized ducts to the vomeronasal organ (VNO). By
contrast, Old World primates are traditionally thought to
lack a functional VNO, relying only on the main olfactory
system to process volatile odorants from their environment.
Here, in the mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx), we document
unusual morphological and behavioral traits that typically
are associated with the uptake of conspecific chemical cues
for processing by an accessory olfactory system. Notably,
both sexes possess open nasopalatine ducts and, in response
to the presentation of conspecific odorants, show
stereotyped behavior consistent with the flehmen response.
Flehmen occurred more frequently in response to odorants
derived from male, as opposed to female, conspecifics and to
odorants derived during the breeding season than the
birthing season, suggesting a possible role in mediating
social or reproductive information. Although confirming a
link between the nasopalatine ducts, flehmen behavior, and
olfactory processing in mandrills would require further
study, our observations provide new information to suggest
anatomical variability within Old World primates, calling
further attention to the underappreciated role of chemical
communication in this lineage.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.22146},
Key = {fds240191}
}
@misc{fds240197,
Author = {Drea, CM},
Title = {Endocrine correlates of pregnancy in the ring-tailed lemur
(Lemur catta): implications for the masculinization of
daughters.},
Journal = {Hormones and behavior},
Volume = {59},
Number = {4},
Pages = {417-427},
Year = {2011},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20932838},
Abstract = {Female ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) are Malagasy
primates that are size monomorphic with males, socially
dominate males, and exhibit a long, pendulous clitoris,
channeled by the urethra. These masculine traits evoke
certain attributes of female spotted hyenas (Crocuta
crocuta) and draw attention to the potential role of
androgens in lemur sexual differentiation. Here, hormonal
correlates of prenatal development were assessed to explore
the possibility that maternal androgens may shape the
masculine morphological and behavioral features of
developing female lemurs. Maternal serum
17α-hydroxyprogesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate
(DHEA-S), ∆⁴ androstenedione (androst-4-ene-3,17,dione),
testosterone, and 17β-estradiol were charted throughout the
19 pregnancies of 11 ring-tailed lemurs. As in spotted
hyenas, lemur pregnancies were associated with an immediate
increase in androgen concentrations (implicating early
maternal derivation), followed by continued increases across
stages of gestation. Pregnancies that produced singleton
males, twin males, or mixed-sex twins were marked by greater
androgen and estrogen concentrations than were pregnancies
that produced singleton or twin females, especially in the
third trimester, implicating the fetal testes in late-term
steroid profiles. Concentrations of DHEA-S were mostly below
detectable limits, suggesting a minor role for the adrenals
in androgen biosynthesis. Androgen concentrations of
pregnant lemurs bearing female fetuses, although less than
those of pregnant hyenas, exceeded preconception and
postpartum values and peaked in the third trimester.
Although a maternal (and, on occasion, fraternal) source of
androgen may exist for fetal lemurs, further research is
required to confirm that these steroids would reach the
developing female and contribute to her masculinization.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.09.011},
Key = {fds240197}
}
@misc{fds240178,
Author = {Wallen, TW and Goodwin, TE and Moresco, A and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Prospecting for urinary chemical signals in binturongs
(Arctictis binturong)},
Journal = {ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL
SOCIETY},
Volume = {241},
Pages = {1 pages},
Publisher = {AMER CHEMICAL SOC},
Year = {2011},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0065-7727},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000291982800928&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240178}
}
@misc{fds240198,
Author = {Place, NJ and Coscia, EM and Dahl, NJ and Drea, CM and Holekamp, KE and Roser, JF and Sisk, CL and Weldele, ML and Glickman,
SE},
Title = {The anti-androgen combination, flutamide plus finasteride,
paradoxically suppressed LH and androgen concentrations in
pregnant spotted hyenas, but not in males.},
Journal = {General and comparative endocrinology},
Volume = {170},
Number = {3},
Pages = {455-459},
Year = {2011},
Month = {February},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21036174},
Abstract = {The androgen receptor blocker flutamide and the
5α-reductase inhibitor finasteride have been used in a
variety of species to investigate the ontogeny of sexual
dimorphisms by treating pregnant females or neonates at
critical periods of sexual differentiation. Likewise, we
have used these drugs to study the profound masculinization
of the external genitalia in female spotted hyenas. However,
a potential pitfall of administering flutamide, either alone
or in combination with finasteride, is that it maintains or
even raises plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone
(LH) and testosterone (T), because negative feedback of the
hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is disrupted. Contrary
to expectations, when pregnant spotted hyenas were treated
with flutamide and finasteride (F&F), the concentrations of
T during late gestation were suppressed relative to values
in untreated dams. Herein, we further investigate the
paradoxical effects of F&F treatment on a battery of sex
hormones in spotted hyenas. Beyond the effects on T, we
found plasma concentrations of LH, estradiol, progesterone
and androstenedione (A4) were also significantly lower in
F&F-treated pregnant hyenas than in controls. Flutamide and
finasteride did not have similar effects on LH, T, and A4
concentrations in male hyenas. The paradoxical effect of F&F
treatment on LH and T concentrations in the maternal
circulation suggests that negative feedback control of
gonadotropin and androgen secretion may be modified in
spotted hyenas during pregnancy.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.10.016},
Key = {fds240198}
}
@misc{fds240225,
Author = {Delbarco-Trillo, J and Burkert, BA and Goodwin, TE and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Night and day: the comparative study of strepsirrhine
primates reveals socioecological and phylogenetic patterns
in olfactory signals.},
Journal = {Journal of evolutionary biology},
Volume = {24},
Number = {1},
Pages = {82-98},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21091564},
Abstract = {Studies of chemical signals in vertebrates typically target
single species; however, a broader understanding of
olfactory communication may derive from comparative studies.
We collected urine from 12 species representing most
families of strepsirrhine primates--an excellent model clade
because of variation in scent marking and socioecology.
Using SPDE/GC-MS, we identified the volatile chemical
composition of male and female urine from six 'urine
marking' species and six glandular or 'non-urine marking'
species. We found no sex differences, but as predicted,
urine markers expressed the most chemically complex and
distinctive urine. More distantly related species had more
dissimilar urinary profiles, suggesting gradual signal
evolution. Reconstructing ancestral chemical profiles
revealed different evolutionary trajectories for urine and
non-urine markers. We suggest that urine marking is an
ancestral behaviour related to solitary, nocturnal living
and that parallel evolutionary shifts towards greater
reliance on derived glandular marking occurred in a family
(Lemuridae) characterized by diurnality and
sociality.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02145.x},
Key = {fds240225}
}
@article{fds222011,
Author = {Petty, J.M. and Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Behavioral neuroendocrinology in female-dominant versus
co-dominant Eulemur},
Journal = {Paper to be presented at the Joint Meeting of the Animal
Behavior Society and the International Ethological
Conference, Bloomington, IN},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds222011}
}
@article{fds222012,
Author = {Greene, L. and Dubay, G.R. and Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Sending mixed signals: olfactory communication in
Coquerel’s sifakas, Propithecus coquereli},
Journal = {Poster presented at the Joint Meeting of the Animal Behavior
Society and the International Ethological Conference,
Bloomington, IN},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds222012}
}
@article{fds222013,
Author = {Rushmore, J and Leonhardt, S.D. and Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Sight or scent: Sensory reliance in detecting food quality
by foraging lemurs reflects differing feeding
ecologies},
Journal = {Paper presented at the 96th Annual Meeting of the Ecological
Society of America, Austin, TX},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds222013}
}
@misc{fds240199,
Author = {Crawford, J and Boulet, M and Drea, CM},
Title = {Smelling wrong: Hormonal contraception in lemurs alters
critical female odour cues.},
Journal = {Proc Roy Soc, B},
Volume = {278},
Number = {1702},
Pages = {122-130},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20667870},
Abstract = {Animals, including humans, use olfaction to assess potential
social and sexual partners. Although hormones modulate
olfactory cues, we know little about whether contraception
affects semiochemical signals and, ultimately, mate choice.
We examined the effects of a common contraceptive,
medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), on the olfactory cues of
female ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) and the behavioural
response these cues generated in male conspecifics. The
genital odorants of contracepted females were dramatically
altered, falling well outside the range of normal female
variation: MPA decreased the richness and modified the
relative abundances of volatile chemicals expressed in
labial secretions. Comparisons between treatment groups
revealed several indicator compounds that could reliably
signal female reproductive status to conspecifics. MPA also
changed a female’s individual chemical ‘signature,’
while minimizing her chemical distinctiveness relative to
other contracepted females. Most remarkably, MPA degraded
the chemical patterns that encode honest information about
genetic constitution, including individual diversity
(heterozygosity) and pairwise relatedness to conspecifics.
Lastly, males preferentially investigated the odorants of
intact over contracepted females, clearly distinguishing
those with immediate reproductive potential. By altering the
olfactory cues that signal fertility, individuality, genetic
quality and relatedness, contraceptives may disrupt
intraspecific interactions in primates, including those
relevant to kin recognition and mate choice.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2010.1203},
Key = {fds240199}
}
@misc{fds240226,
Author = {Boulet, M and Crawford, JC and Charpentier, MJE and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Honest olfactory ornamentation in a female-dominant
primate.},
Journal = {Journal of evolutionary biology},
Volume = {23},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1558-1563},
Year = {2010},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20492092},
Abstract = {Sexual selection theory predicts that potential mates or
competitors signal their quality to conspecifics. Whereas
evidence of honest visual or vocal signals in males abounds,
evidence of honest signalling via scent or by females is
scarce. We previously showed that scent marks in male lemurs
seasonally encode information about individual
heterozygosity - a reliable predictor of immunocompetence
and survivorship. As female lemurs dominate males, compete
over resources, and produce sexually differentiated scent
marks that likely evolved via direct selection, here we
tested whether females also advertise genetic quality via
olfactory cues. During the breeding season specifically,
individual heterozygosity correlated negatively with the
diversity of fatty acids (FAs) expressed in labial
secretions and positively with the diversity of heavy FA
esters. As odour-gene relationships predictive of health and
survivorship emerged during a period critical to mate choice
and female competition, we posit that genital scent marks
function as honest olfactory ornaments in
females.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02007.x},
Key = {fds240226}
}
@misc{fds240165,
Author = {Burkert, BA and Broederdorf, LJ and Hirwa, IH and Waldrip, ZJ and Goodwin, TE and Drea, CM},
Title = {Mammalian chemical communication: Comparative investigation
of urinary signals in prosimian primates},
Journal = {ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL
SOCIETY},
Volume = {239},
Pages = {1 pages},
Publisher = {AMER CHEMICAL SOC},
Year = {2010},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0065-7727},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000208189301154&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240165}
}
@misc{fds240228,
Author = {Starling, AP and Charpentier, MJE and Fitzpatrick, C and Scordato,
ES and Drea, CM},
Title = {Seasonality, sociality, and reproduction: Long-term
stressors of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta).},
Journal = {Hormones and behavior},
Volume = {57},
Number = {1},
Pages = {76-85},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19804779},
Abstract = {Fecal glucocorticoid (fGC) concentrations are reliable,
non-invasive indices of physiological stress that provide
insight into an animal's energetic and social demands. To
better characterize the long-term stressors in adult members
of a female-dominant, seasonally breeding species - the
ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) - we first validated fecal
samples against serum samples and then examined the
relationship between fGC concentrations and seasonal,
social, demographic, genetic, and reproductive variables.
Between 1999 and 2006, we collected 1386 fecal samples from
32 adult, semi-free-ranging animals of both sexes. In males
and non-pregnant, non-lactating females, fGC concentrations
were significantly elevated during the breeding season,
specifically during periods surrounding known conceptions.
Moreover, group composition (e.g., multi-male versus
one-male) significantly predicted the fGC concentrations of
males and females in all reproductive states. In particular,
the social instability introduced by intra-male competition
likely created a stressor for all animals. We found no
relationship, however, between fGC and the sex, age, or
heterozygosity of animals. In reproducing females, fGC
concentrations were significantly greater during lactation
than during the pre-breeding period. During pregnancy, fGC
concentrations were elevated in mid-ranking dams, relative
to dominant or subordinate dams, and significantly greater
during the third trimester than during the first or second
trimesters. Thus, in the absence of nutritional stressors,
social dominance was a relatively poor predictor of fGC in
this female-dominant species. Instead, the animals were
maximally challenged by their social circumstances and
reproductive events-males by competition for mating
opportunities and females by late-term gestation and
lactation.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.09.016},
Key = {fds240228}
}
@article{fds222004,
Author = {Sacha, C.R. and Dubay, G.R. and Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Comparative study of olfactory communication in
Eulemurs.},
Journal = {Poster presented at the 239th National Meeting of the
American Chemical Society. San Francisco,
CA},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds222004}
}
@article{fds222005,
Author = {Kesler, W.W. III and Sacha, C.R. and Drea, C.M. and Dubay, G.
R.},
Title = {Seasonal variation of characteristic scent compounds in
Eulemurs using gc/ms analysis.},
Journal = {Poster presented at the 239th National Meeting of the
American Chemical Society. San Francisco,
CA},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds222005}
}
@article{fds222007,
Author = {delBarco-Trillo†, J. and Burkert, B.A. and Goodwin, T.E. and Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Phylogenetic and socioecological patterns in the urinary
cues of prosimians.},
Journal = {Paper presente at the 47th Annual Meeting of the Animal
Behavior Society, Williamsburg, Virginia},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds222007}
}
@article{fds222008,
Author = {Drea, C.M. and Boulet, M. and Charpentier, M.J.E. and Crawford,
J.C.},
Title = {Message ‘scent’: lemurs detect honest olfactory
ornaments in females},
Journal = {Paper presented at the 47th Annual Meeting of the Animal
Behavior Society, Williamsburg, Virginia},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds222008}
}
@article{fds222009,
Author = {Crawford, J.C. and Boulet, M. and Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Smelling wrong: hormonal contraception alters critical
female odor cues},
Journal = {Paper presented by Drea at the 47th Annual Meeting of the
Animal Behavior Society, Williamsburg, Virginia},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds222009}
}
@misc{fds240227,
Author = {Charpentier, MJE and Crawford, J and Boulet, M and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Message 'scent': lemurs detect the genetic relatedness and
quality of conspecifics via olfactory cues},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {80},
Number = {1},
Pages = {101-108},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.04.005},
Abstract = {To enhance the fitness benefits of social and sexual
interaction, animals should be able to decipher information
about the genetic makeup of conspecifics. The use of
relative criteria to estimate genetic relatedness could
facilitate nepotism or inbreeding avoidance, and the use of
absolute criteria to estimate genetic quality could help
identify the fittest competitor or the best mate. For
animals to process trade-offs between relatedness and
quality, however, both relative and absolute genetic
information must be concurrently available and detectable by
conspecifics. Although there is increasing evidence to
suggest that animals make genetically informed decisions
about their partners, and may even process trade-offs, we
understand relatively little about the sensory mechanisms
informing these decisions. In previous analyses of the
olfactory signals of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta), we
showed that both scrotal and labial secretions seasonally
encode chemical information about (1) pairwise genetic
relatedness, within and between the sexes, and (2)
individual heterozygosity. Here, using a signaller-receiver
paradigm, we conducted behavioural bioassays to test if male
and female lemurs are sensitive to these olfactory sources
of genetic information in unfamiliar conspecifics. As the
lemurs discriminated conspecific glandular secretions by
pairwise relatedness and individual heterozygosity, volatile
olfactory signals can be used by both sexes to concurrently
process relative and absolute genetic information about
conspecifics. Beyond supporting an olfactory mechanism of
kin discrimination and mate choice in a primate, we suggest
that animals could use olfactory processing to trade off
between selection for the most compatible partner versus the
most genetically diverse partner.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.04.005},
Key = {fds240227}
}
@misc{fds240190,
Author = {Boulet, M and Charpentier, MJE and Drea, CM},
Title = {Decoding an olfactory mechanism of kin recognition and
inbreeding avoidance in a primate.},
Journal = {BMC evolutionary biology},
Volume = {9},
Pages = {281},
Year = {2009},
Month = {December},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19958525},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Like other vertebrates, primates
recognize their relatives, primarily to minimize inbreeding,
but also to facilitate nepotism. Although associative,
social learning is typically credited for discrimination of
familiar kin, discrimination of unfamiliar kin remains
unexplained. As sex-biased dispersal in long-lived species
cannot consistently prevent encounters between unfamiliar
kin, inbreeding remains a threat and mechanisms to avoid it
beg explanation. Using a molecular approach that combined
analyses of biochemical and microsatellite markers in 17
female and 19 male ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta), we
describe odor-gene covariance to establish the feasibility
of olfactory-mediated kin recognition.<h4>Results</h4>Despite
derivation from different genital glands, labial and scrotal
secretions shared about 170 of their respective 338 and 203
semiochemicals. In addition, these semiochemicals encoded
information about genetic relatedness within and between the
sexes. Although the sexes showed opposite seasonal patterns
in signal complexity, the odor profiles of related
individuals (whether same-sex or mixed-sex dyads) converged
most strongly in the competitive breeding season. Thus, a
strong, mutual olfactory signal of genetic relatedness
appeared specifically when such information would be crucial
for preventing inbreeding. That weaker signals of genetic
relatedness might exist year round could provide a mechanism
to explain nepotism between unfamiliar kin.<h4>Conclusion</h4>We
suggest that signal convergence between the sexes may
reflect strong selective pressures on kin recognition,
whereas signal convergence within the sexes may arise as its
by-product or function independently to prevent competition
between unfamiliar relatives. The link between an
individual's genome and its olfactory signals could be
mediated by biosynthetic pathways producing polymorphic
semiochemicals or by carrier proteins modifying the
individual bouquet of olfactory cues. In conclusion, we
unveil a possible olfactory mechanism of kin recognition
that has specific relevance to understanding inbreeding
avoidance and nepotistic behavior observed in free-ranging
primates, and broader relevance to understanding the
mechanisms of vertebrate olfactory communication.},
Doi = {10.1186/1471-2148-9-281},
Key = {fds240190}
}
@misc{fds240200,
Author = {Drea, CM and Carter, AN},
Title = {Cooperative problem solving in a social carnivore},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {78},
Number = {4},
Pages = {967-977},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2009},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.06.030},
Abstract = {Numerous field researchers have described cooperative
hunting in social carnivores, but experimental evidence of
cooperative problem solving typically derives from
laboratory studies of nonhuman primates. We present the
first experimental evidence of cooperation in a social
carnivore, the spotted hyaena, Crocuta crocuta. Eight
captive hyaenas, paired in 13 combinations, coordinated
their behaviour temporally and spatially to solve
cooperation tasks that modelled group-hunting strategies.
Unlike many primates that cooperate infrequently or require
extensive shaping, spotted hyaenas displayed a natural
aptitude for teamwork: all teams achieved success rapidly,
repeatedly, and without specific training. Social influences
on cooperative performance included an audience effect that
could influence party formation and hunting success in the
wild. Performance also varied across dyads, notably with
rank-related aggression between partners impairing
performance. Efficiency improved as partners increasingly
attended to one another and coordinated their actions.
Lastly, experienced cooperators modified their behaviour to
accommodate a naïve companion, using visual monitoring and
tracking to promote coordination. We suggest that social
carnivores should be considered relevant models for the
study of cooperative problem solving, as their abilities
provide a comparative framework for testing theories about
the mechanisms of social learning and the evolution of
intelligence. © 2009 The Association for the Study of
Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.06.030},
Key = {fds240200}
}
@misc{fds240207,
Author = {Drea, CM},
Title = {Endocrine mediators of masculinization in female
mammals},
Journal = {Current Directions in Psychological Science},
Volume = {18},
Number = {4},
Pages = {221-226},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {2009},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0963-7214},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01640.x},
Abstract = {Most mammal species show traditional patterns of sexual
dimorphism (e.g., greater male size and aggression), the
proximal mechanism of which involves the male's greater pre-
and postnatal exposure to circulating androgens. But in
several species, females diverge from the traditional
pattern, converging on the male form or even reversing
sexual dimorphisms. Such "masculinized" females might show
elongation of the clitoris, enhanced body size, and
aggressively mediated social dominance over males, and they
are interesting case studies for examining the role of
androgens in females. This review addresses our
understanding of the mediating mechanisms of morphological
and behavioral development in both traditional and
exceptional mammal species. Although certain lines of
evidence implicate testosterone in female masculinization,
the role for sex steroids in female development remains
unclear. The results call for continued study of both
hormonal and nonhormonal mechanisms of sexual
differentiation, particularly focused on active processes of
feminine development. © 2009 Association for Psychological
Science.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01640.x},
Key = {fds240207}
}
@misc{fds240180,
Author = {Crawford, JC and Charpentier, MJE and Boulet, M and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Lemurs Discriminate the Scent of Conspecifics Based on
Individual Heterozygosity and Pairwise Relatedness},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {49},
Pages = {E41-E41},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2009},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1540-7063},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000268808800163&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240180}
}
@misc{fds240189,
Author = {Leonhardt, SD and Tung, J and Camden, JB and Leal, M and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Seeing red: Behavioral evidence of trichromatic color vision
in strepsirrhine primates},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology},
Volume = {20},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-12},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1045-2249},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arn106},
Abstract = {Among primates, catarrhines (Old World monkeys and apes) and
certain platyrrhines (New World monkeys) possess
trichromatic color vision, which might confer important
evolutionary advantages, particularly during foraging.
Recently, a polymorphism has been shown to shift the
spectral sensitivity of the X-linked opsin protein in
certain strepsirrhines (e.g., Malagasy lemurs); however, its
behavioral significance remains unknown. We assign genotypes
at the X-linked variant to 45 lemurs, representing 4
species, and test if the genetic capacity for trichromacy
impacts foraging performance, particularly under green
camouflage conditions in which red detection can be
advantageous. We confirm polymorphism at the critical site
in sifakas and ruffed lemurs and fail to find this
polymorphism in collared lemurs and ring-tailed lemurs. We
show that this polymorphism may be linked to "behavioral
trichromacy" in heterozygous ruffed lemurs but find no
comparable evidence in a single heterozygous sifaka. Despite
their putative dichromatic vision, female collared lemurs
were surprisingly efficient at retrieving both red and green
food items under camouflage conditions. Thus,
species-specific feeding ecologies may be as important as
trichromacy in influencing foraging behavior. Although the
lemur opsin polymorphism produced measurable behavioral
effects in at least one species, the ruffed lemur, these
effects were modest, consistent with the modest shift in
spectral sensitivity. Additionally, the magnitude of these
effects varied across individuals of the same genotype,
emphasizing the need for combined genetic and behavioral
studies of trichromatic vision. We conclude that trichromacy
may be only one of several routes toward increased foraging
efficiency in visually complex environments. © The Author
2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the
International Society for Behavioral Ecology. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1093/beheco/arn106},
Key = {fds240189}
}
@article{fds168401,
Author = {Boulet, M. and Crawford, J.C. and Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Quand l’odeur n’est plus sexy: la contraception
hormonale altère les signaux olfactifs des femelles
lémurs},
Journal = {Paper presented at the Meeting of the Société Québécoise
pour l’étude biologique du comportement, Trois-Rivières,
Québec},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds168401}
}
@article{fds164610,
Author = {Charpentier, M. and Boulet, M. and Crawford, J. and Drea,
C.M.},
Title = {Olfaction as a mechanism guiding kin recognition and mate
choice in a primate species},
Journal = {Paper presented at the Meeting of the International Society
of Chemical Ecology. Neuchâtel, Switzerland},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds164610}
}
@article{fds164611,
Author = {Boulet, M. and Charpentier, M. and Crawford, J. and Drea,
C.M.},
Title = {Scent gland secretions signal genetic relatedness in a
promiscuous social primate},
Journal = {Paper presented at the 3rd Meeting of the Canadian Society
for Ecology and Evolution. Nova Scotia, Canada},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds164611}
}
@article{fds164612,
Author = {Crawford, J. and Charpentier, M. and Boulet, M. and Drea,
C.M.},
Title = {Lemurs discriminate conspecific scent based on individual
heterozygosity and pairwise relatedness},
Journal = {Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for
Integrative and Comparative Biology, Boston,
Mass},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds164612}
}
@article{fds164613,
Author = {Sacha, C. and Dubay, G. and Boulet, M. and Drea,
C.M.},
Title = {Olfactory signals in eight species of Eulemur vary by
species, sex, and gland},
Journal = {Poster presented at the National Meeting of the American
Chemical Society. Salt Lake City, UT},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds164613}
}
@misc{fds240206,
Author = {Charpentier, MJE and Boulet, M and Drea, CM},
Title = {Smelling right: the scent of male lemurs advertises genetic
quality and relatedness.},
Journal = {Molecular ecology},
Volume = {17},
Number = {14},
Pages = {3225-3233},
Year = {2008},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18565115},
Abstract = {Sexual selection theory predicts that competitors or
potential mates signal their quality or relatedness to
conspecifics. Researchers have focused on visual or auditory
modes of signal transmission; however, the importance of
olfactory indicators is gaining recognition. Using a primate
model and a new integrative analytical approach, we provide
the first evidence relating male olfactory cues to
individual genome-wide heterozygosity and to the genetic
distance between individuals. The relationships between male
semiochemical profiles and genetic characteristics are
apparent only during the highly competitive and stressful
breeding season. As heterozygosity accurately predicts
health and survivorship in this population, we identify
scrotal olfactory cues as honest indicators of male quality,
with relevance possibly to both sexes. Beyond showing that
semiochemicals could underlie kin recognition and nepotism,
we provide a putative olfactory mechanism to guide male-male
competition and female mate choice.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03831.x},
Key = {fds240206}
}
@misc{fds240204,
Author = {Drea, CM and Weil, A},
Title = {External genital morphology of the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur
catta): females are naturally "masculinized".},
Journal = {Journal of morphology},
Volume = {269},
Number = {4},
Pages = {451-463},
Year = {2008},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0362-2525},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17972270},
Abstract = {The extravagance and diversity of external genitalia have
been well characterized in male primates; however, much less
is known about sex differences or variation in female form.
Our study represents a departure from traditional
investigations of primate reproductive anatomy because we 1)
focus on external rather than internal genitalia, 2) measure
both male and female structures, and 3) examine a
strepsirrhine rather than an anthropoid primate. The
subjects for morphological study were 21 reproductively
intact, adult ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta), including 10
females and 11 males, two of which (one per sex)
subsequently died of natural causes and also served as
specimens for gross anatomical dissection. Male external
genitalia presented a typical masculine configuration, with
a complex distal penile morphology. In contrast, females
were unusual among mammals, presenting an enlarged,
pendulous external clitoris, tunneled by the urethra.
Females had a shorter anogenital distance and a larger
urethral meatus than did males, but organ diameter and
circumference showed no sex differences. Dissection
confirmed these characterizations. Noteworthy in the male
were the presence of a "levator penis" muscle and
discontinuity in the corpus spongiosum along the penile
shaft; noteworthy in the female were an elongated clitoral
shaft and glans clitoridis. The female urethra, while
incorporated within the clitoral body, was not surrounded by
erectile tissue, as we detected no corpus spongiosum. The os
clitoridis was 43% the length and 24% the height of the os
penis. On the basis of these first detailed descriptions of
strepsirrhine external genitalia (for either sex), we
characterize those of the female ring-tailed lemur as
moderately "masculinized." Our results highlight certain
morphological similarities and differences between
ring-tailed lemurs and the most male-like of female mammals,
the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), and call attention to a
potential hormonal mechanism of "masculinization" in female
lemur development.},
Doi = {10.1002/jmor.10594},
Key = {fds240204}
}
@misc{fds240201,
Author = {Charpentier, MJE and Williams, CV and Drea, CM},
Title = {Inbreeding depression in ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta):
Genetic diversity predicts parasitism, immunocompetence, and
survivorship},
Journal = {Conservation Genetics},
Volume = {9},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1605-1615},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1566-0621},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-007-9499-4},
Abstract = {The consequences of inbreeding have been well studied in a
variety of taxa, revealing that inbreeding has major
negative impacts in numerous species, both in captivity and
in the wild; however, as trans-generational health data are
difficult to obtain for long-lived, free-ranging species,
similar analyses are generally lacking for nonhuman
primates. Here, we examined the long-term effects of
inbreeding on numerous health estimates in a captive colony
of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta), housed under
semi-natural conditions. This vulnerable strepsirrhine
primate is endemic to Madagascar, a threatened hotspot of
biodiversity; consequently, this captive population
represents an important surrogate. Despite significant
attention to maintaining the genetic diversity of captive
animals, breeding colonies invariably suffer from various
degrees of inbreeding. We used neutral heterozygosity as an
estimate of inbreeding and showed that our results reflect
genome-wide inbreeding, rather than local genetic effects.
In particular, we found that genetic diversity affects
several fitness correlates, including the prevalence and
burden of Cuterebra parasites and a third (N = 6) of the
blood parameters analyzed, some of which reflect
immunocompetence. As a final validation of inbreeding
depression in this captive colony, we showed that, compared
to outbred individuals, inbred lemurs were more likely to
die earlier from diseases. Through these analyses, we
highlight the importance of monitoring genetic variation in
captive animals-a key objective for conservation
geneticists-and provide insight into the potential negative
consequences faced by small or isolated populations in the
wild. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media
B.V.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10592-007-9499-4},
Key = {fds240201}
}
@article{fds154074,
Author = {Sacha, C. and Dubay, G. and Boulet, M. and Drea,
C.M.},
Title = {A comparative study of olfactory signals in two species of
Eulemur},
Journal = {Poster presented at the National Meeting of the American
Chemical Society. New Orleans, LA},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds154074}
}
@article{fds154075,
Author = {Boulet, M. and Charpentier, M. and Drea, C.M.},
Title = {The sweet smell of success: Scent marks advertise the
genetic quality of female lemurs.},
Journal = {Paper presented at the 2nd Meeting of the Canadian Society
for Ecology and Evolution. Vancouver, BC,
Canada},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds154075}
}
@article{fds154076,
Author = {Boulet, M. and Charpentier, M. and Drea, C.M.},
Title = {The sweet smell of success: Scent marks advertise the
genetic quality of lemurs.},
Journal = {Podium presentation by Drea, 22nd Congress of the
International Primatological Society. Edinburgh,
UK},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds154076}
}
@article{fds154077,
Author = {Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Sexual differentiation in unconventional
mammals.},
Journal = {Invited Speakers Program, 88th Annual Convention of the
Western Psychological Association. Irvine,
CA},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds154077}
}
@article{fds154078,
Author = {Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Cooperation in carnivores: Implications for primate
cooperation studies. Symposium on Cooperation, Reciprocity
and Responses to Inequity.},
Journal = {22nd Congress of the International Primatological Society.
Edinburgh, UK},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds154078}
}
@misc{fds240174,
Author = {Drea, CM and Scordato, ES},
Title = {Olfactory Communication in the Ringtailed Lemur (Lemur
catta): Form and Function of Multimodal Signals},
Volume = {11},
Pages = {91-102},
Booktitle = {Chemical Signals in Vertebrates},
Publisher = {Springer New York},
Editor = {J. Hurst and R.J. Beynon and S.C. Roberts and T.
Wyatt},
Year = {2008},
ISBN = {9780387739441},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000251798000009&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {To better understand the relation between form and function
in the complex olfactory com-munication system of the
ringtailed lemur (Lemur catta), we integrated observational,
experimental, and chemical approaches applied to a
population of semi free-ranging animals at the Duke Lemur
Center in Durham, North Carolina. Our aim was to examine
sex-role reversal in the expression and function of scent
marking and unravel the contribution of multimodal
components of information transfer, with the unifying
framework for all three avenues of our research being that
multiplicity of form implies multiplicity of
function.},
Doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-73945-8_8},
Key = {fds240174}
}
@article{fds140930,
Author = {Brannon, E. and Drea, C. and O’Neill, M. and Platt, M. and Williams, C. and Zehr S.},
Title = {Lemur catta, head to toe: A montage of research at the Duke
Lemur Center},
Journal = {Poster presented at the International Congress on
Prosimians. Ithala, South Africa},
Year = {2007},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds140930}
}
@article{fds140928,
Author = {Charpentier, M. and Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Inbreeding and health in a captive lemur
population},
Journal = {Paper presented at the 30th Meeting of the American Society
of Primatologists. Winston-Salem, NC},
Year = {2007},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds140928}
}
@misc{fds240168,
Author = {Drea, CM},
Title = {Hormonal and experiential regulation of social dominance in
macaques, hyenas, and lemurs},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {69},
Pages = {125-125},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2007},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000247093700193&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240168}
}
@misc{fds240169,
Author = {Drea, CM},
Title = {How to study socially biased learning in primates? Trends
and future directions},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {69},
Pages = {78-79},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2007},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000247093700100&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240169}
}
@misc{fds240170,
Author = {Kwatra, SG and Drea, CM},
Title = {Proteomic analysis of ringtailed lemur scent gland
secretions: Glandular- and individual-specific protein
profiles},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {69},
Pages = {108-109},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2007},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000247093700160&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240170}
}
@misc{fds240203,
Author = {Scordato, ES and Dubay, G and Drea, CM},
Title = {Chemical composition of scent marks in the ringtailed lemur
(Lemur catta): glandular differences, seasonal variation,
and individual signatures.},
Journal = {Chemical senses},
Volume = {32},
Number = {5},
Pages = {493-504},
Year = {2007},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0379-864X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17488747},
Abstract = {The apocrine and sebaceous scent glands of ringtailed lemurs
(Lemur catta) appear to serve different social functions. In
behavioral experiments, lemurs modulate their responses to
scent marks based on the type of odorant, their own
physiological state, the signaler's physiological state, and
prior social experience. To examine variation in odorant
chemistry relative to olfactory behavior, we used gas
chromatography and mass spectrometry to analyze over 86
samples of glandular secretion collected over 2 years from
15 adult lemurs. Labial and scrotal secretions contained
organic acids and esters, whereas male brachial secretions
were composed almost entirely of squalene and cholesterol
derivatives. Principal component and linear discriminant
analyses revealed glandular, individual-specific, and
seasonal variation in chemical profiles but no relationship
to the signaler's social status. The chemical composition of
the various secretions provides further clues about the
function of the different glands: the higher molecular
weight compounds in genital and brachial secretions may
increase signal longevity and provide lasting information to
conspecifics, consistent with a role in advertising resource
ownership or reproductive state. Conversely, the lower
molecular weight compounds of antebrachial secretions
produce ephemeral signals used primarily in social dominance
displays and require integration of multiple sensory
modalities for effective signal transmission.},
Doi = {10.1093/chemse/bjm018},
Key = {fds240203}
}
@article{fds140929,
Author = {Boulet, M. and Charpentier, M. and Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Smelling right: do olfactory cues signal genetic
constitution in male ringtailed lemurs (Lemur
catta)?},
Journal = {Paper presented at the 1st Meeting of the Canadian Society
for Ecology and Evolution. Toronto, Ontario,
Canada},
Year = {2007},
Month = {May},
Key = {fds140929}
}
@misc{fds240205,
Author = {Drea, CM},
Title = {Sex and seasonal differences in aggression and steroid
secretion in Lemur catta: are socially dominant females
hormonally 'masculinized'?},
Journal = {Hormones and behavior},
Volume = {51},
Number = {4},
Pages = {555-567},
Year = {2007},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0018-506X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17382329},
Abstract = {Female social dominance characterizes many strepsirrhine
primates endemic to Madagascar, but currently there is no
comprehensive explanation for how or why female lemurs
routinely dominate males. Reconstructing the evolutionary
pressures that may have shaped female dominance depends on
better understanding the mechanism of inheritance, variation
in trait expression, and correlating variables. Indeed,
relative to males, many female lemurs also display delayed
puberty, size monomorphism, and 'masculinized' external
genitalia. As in the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), a
species characterized by extreme masculinization of the
female, this array of traits focuses attention on the role
of androgens in female development. Consequently, I examined
endocrine profiles and social interaction in the ringtailed
lemur (Lemur catta) to search for a potential source of
circulating androgen in adult females and an endocrine
correlate of female dominance or its proxy, aggression. I
measured serum androstenedione (A(4)), testosterone (T), and
estradiol (E(2)) in reproductively intact, adult lemurs (10
females; 12 males) over four annual cycles. Whereas T
concentrations in males far exceeded those in females, A(4)
concentrations were only slightly greater in males than in
females. In both sexes, A(4) and T were positively
correlated, implicating the Delta(4)-biosynthetic pathway.
Moreover, seasonal changes in reproductive function in both
sexes coincided with seasonal changes in behavior, with A(4)
and T in males versus A(4) and E(2) in females increasing
during periods marked by heightened aggression. Therefore,
A(4) and/or E(2) may be potentially important steroidal
sources in female lemurs that could modulate aggression and
underlie a suite of masculinized features.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.02.006},
Key = {fds240205}
}
@article{fds140927,
Author = {Chen, C.J. and Jackson, S.R. and Weddell, M.E. and Goodwin, T.E. and Drea, C.M. and Schulte, B.A.},
Title = {Use of automated SPDE/GC-MS, novel macros, and pattern
recognition techniques in a search for African elephant
urinary pheromones},
Journal = {Poster presented at the National Meeting of the American
Chemical Society, Chicago, Illinois},
Year = {2007},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds140927}
}
@misc{fds240202,
Author = {Scordato, ES and Drea, CM},
Title = {Scents and sensibility: information content of olfactory
signals in the ringtailed lemur, Lemur catta},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {73},
Number = {2},
Pages = {301-314},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2007},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.08.006},
Abstract = {The function of olfactory signalling in social species is
less well understood than in asocial species. Consequently,
we examined olfactory communication in the ringtailed lemur,
a socially complex primate that retains a functional
vomeronasal organ, has well-developed scent glands and shows
a suite of scent-marking behaviour. To assess the
information content of different types of scent gland
secretions, we decoupled olfactory cues from the visual and
behavioural modalities with which scent marking is normally
associated. We presented male and female subjects (signal
receivers) with a series of choice tests between odours
derived from conspecific donors (signal senders) varying by
sex, age, social status and reproductive condition. We
additionally examined the influence of the receivers'
reproductive state and familiarity with the signaller. The
reproductive condition, social status and familiarity of
senders and receivers affected signal transmission;
specifically, male receivers attended most to the odours of
conspecifics in breeding condition and to the odours of
familiar, dominant animals. By contrast, females varied
their responses according to both their own reproductive
state and that of the sender. Based on male and female
patterns of countermarking, we suggest that scent marking
serves a function in intergroup spacing and intrasexual
competition for both sexes, as might be expected in a
female-dominant species. By contrast, minimal female
interest in male odours counters a female mate choice
function for scent marking in this species. Nevertheless,
scent marks are critical to male-male competition and,
therefore, may be subject to sexual selection. © 2006 The
Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.08.006},
Key = {fds240202}
}
@misc{fds240208,
Author = {Glickman, SE and Cunha, GR and Drea, CM and Conley, AJ and Place,
NJ},
Title = {Mammalian sexual differentiation: lessons from the spotted
hyena.},
Journal = {Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM},
Volume = {17},
Number = {9},
Pages = {349-356},
Year = {2006},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1043-2760},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17010637},
Abstract = {Female spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) are the only female
mammals that lack an external vaginal opening. Mating and
birth take place through a urogenital canal that exits at
the tip of a hypertrophied clitoris. This 'masculine'
phenotype spurred a search for an alternate source of fetal
androgens. Although androstenedione from the maternal ovary
is readily metabolized to testosterone by the hyena
placenta, formation of the penile clitoris and scrotum
appear to be largely androgen independent. However,
secretions from the fetal testes underlie sex differences in
the genitalia and central nervous system that are essential
for male reproduction. Naturally circulating androgens,
acting prenatally, reduce reproductive success in adult
female spotted hyenas. Effects on aggression and dominance
might offset these reproductive 'costs' of female
androgenization in utero.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tem.2006.09.005},
Key = {fds240208}
}
@article{fds51255,
Author = {Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Are female ringtailed lemurs (Lemur catta) naturally
‘masculinized’?: Insights from the spotted hyena
(Crocuta crocuta) model},
Journal = {Podium presentation, 43rd Annual Meeting of the Animal
Behavior Society, Snowbird, Utah},
Year = {2006},
Month = {August},
Key = {fds51255}
}
@article{fds51256,
Author = {Drea, C.M. and Scordato, E.S.},
Title = {Chemical composition of scent marks in Lemur catta:
individual scent signatures and seasonal
variation},
Journal = {Invited podium presentation, 11th Conference on ‘Chemical
Signals in Vertebrates’ Chester, UK},
Year = {2006},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds51256}
}
@misc{fds240224,
Author = {Drea, CM},
Title = {Studying primate learning in group contexts: Tests of social
foraging, response to novelty, and cooperative problem
solving.},
Journal = {Methods (San Diego, Calif.)},
Volume = {38},
Number = {3},
Pages = {162-177},
Year = {2006},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1046-2023},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16458018},
Keywords = {Primate cognition; Social learning; Social foraging;
Discrimination learning; Response to novelty; Neophobia;
Cooperation; Problem-solving},
Abstract = {Learning commonly refers to the modification of behavior
through experience, whereby an animal gains information
about stimulus-response contingencies from interacting with
its physical environment. Social learning, on the other
hand, occurs when the same information originates, not from
the animal's personal experience, but from the actions of
others. Socially biased learning is the 'collective outcome
of interacting physical, social, and individual factors' [D.
Fragaszy, E. Visalberghi, Learn. Behav. 32 (2004) 24-35.]
(see p. 24). Mounting interest in animal social learning has
brought with it certain innovations in animal testing
procedures. Variants of the observer-demonstrator and
cooperation paradigms, for instance, have been used widely
in captive settings to examine the transmission or
coordination of behavior, respectively, between two animals.
Relatively few studies, however, have examined social
learning in more complex group settings and even fewer have
manipulated the social environment to empirically test the
effect of group dynamics on problem solving. The present
paper outlines procedures for group testing captive
non-human primates, in spacious arenas, to evaluate the
social modulation of learning and performance. These methods
are illustrated in the context of (1) naturalistic social
foraging problems, modeled after traditional visual
discrimination paradigms, (2) response to novel objects and
novel extractive foraging tasks, and (3) cooperative problem
solving. Each example showcases the benefits of
experimentally manipulating social context to compare an
animal's performance in intact groups (or even pairs)
against its performance under different social
circumstances. Broader application of group testing
procedures and manipulation of group composition promise to
provide meaningful insight into socially biased
learning.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ymeth.2005.12.001},
Key = {fds240224}
}
@article{fds51254,
Author = {Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Costs of female ‘androgenization:’ effects of prenatal
anti-androgen treatment on adult reproductive
success},
Journal = {Invited podium presentation, Conference of Collaborators on
the UCB Hyena Project, University of California, Berkeley,
CA},
Year = {2006},
Month = {February},
Key = {fds51254}
}
@misc{fds240177,
Author = {Drea, CM},
Title = {Morphological and hormonal correlates of 'masculinization'
in ringtailed lemurs (Lemur catta).},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {85-85},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000235661100123&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240177}
}
@article{fds44343,
Author = {Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Could female ringtailed lemurs be ‘masculinized’ by
maternal androgens?},
Journal = {Podium presentation, Annual Meeting of the Society for
Integrative and Comparative Biology, Orlando,
Florida},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds44343}
}
@article{fds44344,
Author = {Roth, J.D. and Wiesel, I and Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Variation in seal consumption by brown hyenas in the Namib
desert estimated using stable isotopes},
Journal = {Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for
Integrative and Comparative Biology, Orlando,
Florida},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds44344}
}
@article{fds44345,
Author = {Scordato, E. and Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Sex-specific variation in ringtailed lemur (Lemur catta)
olfactory communication},
Journal = {Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for
Integrative and Comparative Biology, Orlando,
Florida},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds44345}
}
@misc{fds240166,
Author = {Drea, CM},
Title = {Could female ringtailed lemurs be masculinized by maternal
androgens?},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {45},
Number = {6},
Pages = {989-989},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2005},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1540-7063},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000235337600139&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240166}
}
@misc{fds240172,
Author = {Roth, JD and Wiesel, I and Drea, CM},
Title = {Variation in seal consumption by brown hyenas in the Namib
desert estimated using stable isotopes},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {45},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1065-1065},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2005},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1540-7063},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000235337600443&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240172}
}
@misc{fds240175,
Author = {Scordato, ES and Drea, CM},
Title = {Sex-specific variation in ringtailed lemur Lemur catta
olfactory communication},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {45},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1070-1070},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2005},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1540-7063},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000235337600463&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240175}
}
@misc{fds240188,
Author = {Drea, CM},
Title = {Bateman revisited: the reproductive tactics of female
primates.},
Journal = {Integrative and comparative biology},
Volume = {45},
Series = {Integrative and Comparative Biology},
Number = {5},
Pages = {915-923},
Year = {2005},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1540-7063},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21676842},
Abstract = {The breeding system of an animal population is thought to
depend on the ability of one sex (usually the male) to
acquire mates, either directly through association with
females or indirectly through defense of the resources
desired by females. The sex that contributes most to infant
care (usually the female) is constrained by parental
involvement and thereby limits reproduction of the opposite
sex. Accordingly, males, but not females, enhance their
reproductive success by acquiring additional mates. This
classical view has emphasized the role of male-male
competition in sexual selection, at the expense of fully
exploring the potential for female choice. A more recent
shift in focus has revealed substantial variation in female
reproductive success and increasingly accentuates the
importance of female intrasexual competition and male mate
choice. A comparative review of primate reproduction,
therefore, challenges expectations of male control and
female compliance, and calls for a comprehensive treatment
of costs and benefits that extends beyond conventional
mention of heavy female investment versus male negligence or
absenteeism. For individuals that manipulate their social
environment or reproductive output, consideration of more
subtle, even cryptic, aspects of female behavior and
physiology (e.g., social strategizing, sexual solicitation
or rejection, sexual advertisement or concealed ovulation,
multiple mating, and reproductive failure) raises the
question of whether females can be effectively
'monopolized.' Widespread patterns that counter Bateman's
paradigm call for a reexamination of the predictions
generated by dichotomizing gametes into 'expensive eggs' and
'cheap sperm,' and encourage continued mechanistic research
focused on conception quality rather than
quantity.},
Doi = {10.1093/icb/45.5.915},
Key = {fds240188}
}
@article{fds44346,
Author = {Scordato, E. and Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Odor discrimination in ringtailed lemurs (Lemur catta):
variation in chemical composition and behavioral
response},
Journal = {Paper presented at the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Animal
Behavior Society, Snowbird, Utah},
Year = {2005},
Month = {August},
Key = {fds44346}
}
@article{fds44347,
Author = {Place, N.J. and Coscia, E.M. and Dahl, N.J. and Drea, C.M. and Holekamp, K.E. and Sisk, C.L. and Weldele, M.L. and Glickman,
S.E.},
Title = {Paradoxical effects of maximal androgen blockade on sex
hormone concentrations in pregnant spotted
hyenas},
Journal = {Paper presented at the 38th Annual Meeting of the Society
for the Study of Reproduction, Québec City, Québec,
Canada},
Year = {2005},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds44347}
}
@misc{fds240162,
Author = {Place, NJ and Coscia, EM and Dahl, NJ and Drea, CM and Holekamp, KE and Sisk, CL and Weldele, ML and Glickman, SE},
Title = {Paradoxical effects of maximal androgen blockade on sex
hormone concentrations in pregnant spotted hyenas, Crocuta
crocuta.},
Journal = {BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION},
Pages = {123-123},
Publisher = {SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0006-3363},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000230556300247&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240162}
}
@article{fds30072,
Author = {Drea, C.M. and Scordato, E. and Fitzpatrick,
C.},
Title = {Social behavior and olfactory communication in ringtailed
lemurs (Lemur catta): form and function},
Series = {Podium presentation, 41st Annual Meeting of the Animal
Behavior Society, Oaxaca, Mexico},
Year = {2004},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds30072}
}
@article{fds30097,
Author = {Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Bateman revisited: Sexually assertive female primates and
their cryptic reproductive tactics},
Series = {Invited podium presentation, Symposium on Bateman’s
Principle: Is it time for a re-evaluation? Annual Meeting of
the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, New
Orleans, LA},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds30097}
}
@misc{fds44284,
Author = {Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Mammalian olfactory communication},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {369-374},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior},
Publisher = {Westport, CT: Greenwood Press},
Editor = {M. Bekoff},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds44284}
}
@misc{fds44286,
Author = {Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Spotted hyena development},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {495-500},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior},
Publisher = {Westport, CT: Greenwood Press},
Editor = {M. Bekoff},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds44286}
}
@misc{fds44287,
Author = {Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Social learning and intelligence in primates},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {715-717},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior},
Publisher = {Westport, CT: Greenwood Press},
Editor = {M. Bekoff},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds44287}
}
@misc{fds240167,
Author = {Drea, CM},
Title = {Bateman revisited: Sexually assertive female primates and
their cryptic reproductive tactics},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {43},
Number = {6},
Pages = {915-915},
Publisher = {SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Year = {2003},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1540-7063},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000222235200450&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240167}
}
@article{fds30073,
Author = {Place N.J. and Weldele, M.L. and Coscia, E.M. and Glickman, S.E. and Drea, C.M. and Lue, T. F. and Baskin, L. S.},
Title = {Mating with the highly masculinized female spotted hyena:
size and shape matter},
Series = {Paper presented at the Western Regional Conference on
Comparative Endocrinology, Boulder, CO},
Year = {2003},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds30073}
}
@article{fds30098,
Author = {Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Evolution and social behavior: reproductive strategies in
female primates},
Series = {Invited podium presentation, Symposium on Evolution and
Psychology (in Honor of Stephen J. Gould). 2nd Annual
Sandhills Regional Psychology Conference, Fayetteville State
University, Fayetteville, NC},
Year = {2003},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds30098}
}
@book{fds240163,
Author = {Drea, CM and Frank, LG},
Title = {The social complexity of spotted hyenas},
Journal = {ANIMAL SOCIAL COMPLEXITY},
Pages = {121-+},
Booktitle = {Animal Social Complexity: Intelligence, Culture, and
Individualized Societies},
Publisher = {HARVARD UNIV PRESS},
Editor = {DeWaal, FBM and Tyack, PL},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {0-674-00929-0},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000184645100008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {This chapter focuses on the ‘social intelligence’ of
spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta), as inferred by the manner
in which they solve daily problems arising from behavioral
interactions. For comparative purposes, we frame our review
in the context of evolutionary models of primate
intelligence. We begin with a presentation of spotted hyena
natural history, underscoring some of this species’
unusual attributes, followed by a discussion of their life
history variables, highlighting certain features shared with
primates. The ensuing commentary on social organization and
behavioral ecology centers on the balance between aggression
and affiliation, and provides an account of various
mechanisms that contribute toward maintaining group
cohesion. Our final discussion of cooperative hunting and
commuting addresses the cognitive implications of elaborate
foraging strategies. Throughout, we consider aspects of the
spotted hyena’s behavioral repertoire that reflect the
complexity of social interaction and the capacity for
individual storage and retrieval of information about a
changing environment. We propose that current hypotheses
relating life history variables, feeding ecology, and social
complexity to the evolution of primate intelligence should
be tested against other taxa in which species display
similar attributes.},
Key = {fds240163}
}
@misc{fds172301,
Author = {Drea, C.M. and Wallen, K.},
Title = {Female sexuality and the myth of male control},
Pages = {29-60},
Booktitle = {Evolution, Gender, and Rape},
Publisher = {Cambridge, MA: MIT Press},
Editor = {C.B. Travis},
Year = {2003},
Abstract = {In A Natural History of Rape: Biological Bases of Sexual
Coercion (MIT Press, 2000), Randy Thornhill and Craig T.
Palmer propose that rape has been evolutionarily selected as
an human male mating strategy. Their conceptualization
emphasizes male control of reproduction and ignores the
significant role that females play in reproductive
decisions. Our chapter illustrates the inadequacy of this
male-centric view of reproduction by demonstrating the
female’s active role in controlling sexual behavior,
reflecting not only her own sexuality, but her control over
male sexual behavior. We draw primarily from the primate
literature, but also examine other mammalian species to
illustrate the variety of female control mechanisms. We
begin with a discussion of specialized physical, structural,
and behavioral female ‘barriers’ to forced copulation,
then present examples of more subtle relationships between
mating strategies, social structure, reproductive cycles,
and sexual behavior that emphasize female sexual desire and
mate choice. We argue that even in simians and humans where
forced copulation occurs, it is minimally effective as a
means of reproduction. Last we discuss post copulatory
mechanisms allowing females control of their reproductive
output. We suggest that, through behavioral, structural,
physiological, and social mechanisms, females are vested
with significant sexual control that limits the reproductive
benefits of sexual coercion.},
Key = {fds172301}
}
@misc{fds240222,
Author = {Drea, CM and Vignieri, SN and Cunningham, SB and Glickman,
SE},
Title = {Responses to olfactory stimuli in spotted hyenas (Crocuta
crocuta): I. Investigation of environmental odors and the
function of rolling.},
Journal = {Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. :
1983)},
Volume = {116},
Number = {4},
Pages = {331-341},
Year = {2002},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0735-7036},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12539928},
Abstract = {Olfaction is crucial to spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta),
yet there are no controlled studies of their reactions to
odors. In Experiment 1, the authors examined responses of
captive hyenas to various environmental (prey, nonprey
animal, and plant) odors. Subjects approached and sniffed
all odors equally but preferentially licked prey odors,
scent marked next to odors, and rolled in animal-based
odors. In Experiment 2, the authors examined the function of
rolling by applying odors to the pelts of captive hyenas.
When hyenas wore carrion, they gained positive social
attention (increased investigation and allogrooming) from
pen mates, but when they wore camphor, the normal social
greeting ceremony was curtailed. Thus, olfactory stimuli
elicit specific responses, influence where behavior is
directed, and can be used to affect social
interaction.},
Doi = {10.1037/0735-7036.116.4.331},
Key = {fds240222}
}
@misc{fds240220,
Author = {Place, NJ and Holekamp, KE and Sisk, CL and Weldele, ML and Coscia, EM and Drea, CM and Glickman, SE},
Title = {Effects of prenatal treatment with antiandrogens on
luteinizing hormone secretion and sex steroid concentrations
in adult spotted hyenas, Crocuta crocuta.},
Journal = {Biology of reproduction},
Volume = {67},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1405-1413},
Year = {2002},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0006-3363},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12390869},
Abstract = {Prenatal androgen treatment can alter LH secretion in female
offspring, often with adverse effects on ovulatory function.
However, female spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta), renowned
for their highly masculinized genitalia, are naturally
exposed to high androgen levels in utero. To determine
whether LH secretion in spotted hyenas is affected by
prenatal androgens, we treated pregnant hyenas with
antiandrogens (flutamide and finasteride). Later, adult
offspring of the antiandrogen-treated (AA) mothers underwent
a GnRH challenge to identify sex differences in the LH
response and to assess the effects of prenatal antiandrogen
treatment. We further considered the effects of blocking
prenatal androgens on plasma sex steroid concentrations. To
account for potential differences in the reproductive state
of females, we suppressed endogenous hormone levels with a
long-acting GnRH agonist (GnRHa) and then measured plasma
androgens after an hCG challenge. Plasma concentrations of
LH were sexually dimorphic in spotted hyenas, with females
displaying higher levels than males. Prenatal antiandrogen
treatment also significantly altered the LH response to
GnRH. Plasma estradiol concentration was higher in
AA-females, whereas testosterone and androstenedione levels
tended to be lower. This trend toward lower androgen levels
disappeared after GnRHa suppression and hCG challenge. In
males, prenatal antiandrogen treatment had long-lasting
effects on circulating androgens: AA-males had lower T
levels than control males. The sex differences and effects
of prenatal antiandrogens on LH secretion suggest that the
anterior pituitary gland of the female spotted hyena is
partially masculinized by the high androgen levels that
normally occur during development, without adverse effects
on ovulatory function.},
Doi = {10.1095/biolreprod.102.004226},
Key = {fds240220}
}
@misc{fds240223,
Author = {Drea, CM and Place, NJ and Weldele, ML and Coscia, EM and Licht, P and Glickman, SE},
Title = {Exposure to naturally circulating androgens during foetal
life incurs direct reproductive costs in female spotted
hyenas, but is prerequisite for male mating.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {269},
Number = {1504},
Pages = {1981-1987},
Year = {2002},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0962-8452},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12396496},
Keywords = {masculinization; androgen; sexual differentiation;
reproductive success; spotted hyaena},
Abstract = {Among all extant mammals, only the female spotted hyena
(Crocuta crocuta) mates and gives birth through the tip of a
peniform clitoris. Clitoral morphology is modulated by
foetal exposure to endogenous, maternal androgens. First
births through this organ are prolonged and remarkably
difficult, often causing death in neonates. Additionally,
mating poses a mechanical challenge for males, as they must
reach an anterior position on the female's abdomen and then
achieve entry at the site of the retracted clitoris. Here,
we report that interfering with the actions of androgens
prenatally permanently modifies hyena urogenital anatomy,
facilitating subsequent parturition in nulliparous females
who, thereby, produce live cubs. By contrast, comparable,
permanent anatomical changes in males probably preclude
reproduction, as exposure to prenatal anti-androgens
produces a penis that is too short and has the wrong shape
necessary for insertion during copulation. These data
demonstrate that the reproductive costs of clitoral delivery
result from exposure of the female foetus to naturally
circulating androgens. Moreover, the same androgens that
render an extremely unusual and laborious process even more
reproductively costly in the female are apparently essential
to the male's physical ability to reproduce with a normally
masculinized female.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2002.2109},
Key = {fds240223}
}
@article{fds30074,
Author = {Drea, C.M. and Place, N.J. and Weldele, M.L. and Coscia, E.M. and Licht, P. and Glickman, S.E.},
Title = {Reproduction in spotted hyenas: Fetal androgens are
prerequisite for male mating but incur direct costs in
females},
Series = {Paper presented at the 39th Annual Meeting of the Animal
Behavior Society, Bloomington, IN},
Year = {2002},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds30074}
}
@misc{fds240176,
Author = {Place, NJ and Holekamp, KE and Sisk, CL and Weldele, ML and Coscia, EM and Drea, CM and Glickman, SE},
Title = {Persistent effects of prenatal treatment with anti-androgens
on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of adult spotted
hyenas.},
Journal = {BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION},
Volume = {66},
Series = {Paper presented at the 35th Annual Meeting of the Society
for the Study of Reproduction, Baltimore,
MD},
Pages = {306-306},
Publisher = {SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0006-3363},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000176561900572&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240176}
}
@article{fds30076,
Author = {Place, N.J. and Drea, C.M. and Holekamp, K.E. and Weldele, M.L. and Coscia, E.M. and Glickman, S.E.},
Title = {Sex differences and effects of prenatal anti-androgens on LH
secretion in spotted hyenas},
Series = {Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society of
Integrative and Comparative Biology, Anaheim,
CA},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds30076}
}
@misc{fds240221,
Author = {Drea, CM and Vignieri, SN and Kim, HS and Weldele, ML and Glickman,
SE},
Title = {Responses to olfactory stimuli in spotted hyenas (Crocuta
crocuta): II. Discrimination of conspecific
scent},
Journal = {Journal of Comparative Psychology},
Volume = {116},
Number = {4},
Pages = {342-349},
Year = {2002},
ISSN = {0735-7036},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12539929},
Abstract = {Scent marking in spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) includes
the deposition of anal sac secretions, or “paste,” and
presumably advertises territorial ownership. To test whether
captive hyenas classify and discriminate individuals using
odor cues in paste, the authors conducted behavioral
discrimination bioassays and recorded hyena investigation of
paste extracted from various conspecific donors. In
Experiment 1, subjects directed most investigative behavior
toward scents from unfamiliar hyenas and members of the
opposite sex. In Experiment 2, male hyenas discriminated
between concurrent presentations of paste from various
unfamiliar females in similar reproductive state. Thus,
pasted scent marks convey information about the sex,
familiarity, and even identity of conspecifics. Aside from
territory maintenance, scent marking may also communicate
information about individual sexual status.},
Doi = {10.1037//0735-7036.116.4.342},
Key = {fds240221}
}
@misc{fds240173,
Author = {Place, NJ and Drea, CM and Holekamp, KE and Weldele, ML and Coscia, EM and Glickman, SE},
Title = {Sex differences and effects of prenatal anti-androgens on LH
secretion in spotted hyenas.},
Journal = {AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST},
Volume = {41},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1557-1557},
Publisher = {SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Year = {2001},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0003-1569},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000174306500611&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240173}
}
@article{fds30077,
Author = {Drea, C.M. and Vignieri, S.N. and Cunningham, S.B. and Glickman,
S.E.},
Title = {A rose by any other name... : response to olfactory cues in
spotted hyenas},
Series = {Paper presented at the 38th Annual Meeting of the Animal
Behavior Society, Corvallis, OR},
Year = {2001},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds30077}
}
@article{fds30100,
Author = {Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Female urogenital ‘masculinization’ in
prosimians},
Series = {Invited paper presented at the Conference of Collaborators
on the UC Hyena Project, University of California, Berkeley,
CA},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds30100}
}
@article{fds30101,
Author = {Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Effects of anti-androgens administered during gestation on
development of offspring: Morphology and gonadal
steroids},
Series = {Invited paper presented at the Conference of Collaborators
on the UC Hyena Project, University of California, Berkeley,
CA},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds30101}
}
@article{fds30102,
Author = {Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Sensory systems and communication: Reaction to olfactory
stimuli},
Series = {Invited paper presented at the Conference of Collaborators
on the UC Hyena Project, University of California, Berkeley,
CA},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds30102}
}
@article{fds30103,
Author = {Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Hormones and social behavior: Play and aggression},
Series = {Invited paper presented at the Conference of Collaborators
on the UC Hyena Project, University of California, Berkeley,
CA},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds30103}
}
@article{fds30104,
Author = {Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Social cognition and cooperation in the spotted
hyena},
Series = {Conference on Animal Social Complexity and Intelligence. The
Chicago Academy of Sciences, Chicago, IL},
Year = {2000},
Month = {August},
Key = {fds30104}
}
@article{fds30105,
Author = {Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Do chimpanzees know what others know?},
Series = {Symposium on the Human Adaptation for Culture. Center for
Interdisciplinary Studies in Science and Cultural Theory,
Duke University, Durham, NC},
Year = {2000},
Month = {February},
Key = {fds30105}
}
@misc{fds44293,
Author = {Drea, C.M.},
Title = {There, there},
Pages = {55-57},
Booktitle = {The Smile of a Dolphin: Remarkable Accounts of Animal
Emotions},
Publisher = {Random House/Discovery Books},
Editor = {M. Bekoff},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds44293}
}
@misc{fds240186,
Author = {Drea, CM and Wallen, K},
Title = {Low-status monkeys "play dumb" when learning in mixed social
groups.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {96},
Series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
USA},
Number = {22},
Pages = {12965-12969},
Year = {1999},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10536031},
Abstract = {Many primates, including humans, live in complex
hierarchical societies where social context and status
affect daily life. Nevertheless, primate learning studies
typically test single animals in limited laboratory settings
where the important effects of social interactions and
relationships cannot be studied. To investigate the impact
of sociality on associative learning, we compared the
individual performances of group-tested rhesus monkeys
(Macaca mulatta) across various social contexts. We used a
traditional discrimination paradigm that measures an
animal's ability to form associations between cues and the
obtaining of food in choice situations; but we adapted the
task for group testing. After training a 55-member colony to
separate on command into two subgroups, composed of either
high- or low-status families, we exposed animals to two
color discrimination problems, one with all monkeys present
(combined condition), the other in their "dominant" and
"subordinate" cohorts (split condition). Next, we
manipulated learning history by testing animals on the same
problems, but with the social contexts reversed. Monkeys
from dominant families excelled in all conditions, but
subordinates performed well in the split condition only,
regardless of learning history. Subordinate animals had
learned the associations, but expressed their knowledge only
when segregated from higher-ranking animals. Because
aggressive behavior was rare, performance deficits probably
reflected voluntary inhibition. This experimental evidence
of rank-related, social modulation of performance calls for
greater consideration of social factors when assessing
learning and may also have relevance for the evaluation of
human scholastic achievement.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.96.22.12965},
Key = {fds240186}
}
@article{fds30106,
Author = {Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Modeling cooperative hunting in a social
carnivore},
Series = {Symposium on Natural Cognition: Cooperation. Max Plank
Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig,
Germany},
Year = {1999},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds30106}
}
@misc{fds44295,
Author = {Drea, C.M. and Coscia, E.M. and Glickman, S.E.},
Title = {Hyenas},
Volume = {2},
Series = {Encyclopedia of Reproduction},
Pages = {718-725},
Publisher = {San Diego: Academic Press},
Editor = {E. Knobil and J. Neill and P. Licht},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds44295}
}
@misc{fds240229,
Author = {Drea, CM},
Title = {Status, age, and sex effects on performance of
discrimination tasks in group-tested rhesus monkeys (Macaca
mulatta).},
Journal = {Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. :
1983)},
Volume = {112},
Number = {2},
Pages = {170-182},
Year = {1998},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0735-7036},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9642786},
Abstract = {To assess the relation between performance and social or
demographic variables, this study group tested a captive
monkey colony on visual and manual discrimination problems.
Animals could choose between differently colored,
sand-filled boxes, where hue signaled the initial
probability of finding buried food items. Dominant animals
and subadults were most successful in locating and
retrieving incentives, but sex did not affect performance.
Rank effects occurred without overt aggression, suggesting
deference by subordinates as a mediating mechanism. Age
effects may reflect changing attention patterns only evident
in complex arenas where cue salience becomes diluted.
Because these findings differ from studies of singly tested
animals, they show that, in a social context, an
individual's rank and age may define opportunities to gain
or efficiently use information.},
Doi = {10.1037/0735-7036.112.2.170},
Key = {fds240229}
}
@article{fds30078,
Author = {Drea, C.M. and Weldele, M. and Forger, N.G. and Cosica, E.M. and Frank, L.G. and Licht, P. and Glickman, S.E.},
Title = {Masculinization in the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta):
Effects of prenatal anti-androgens on infant genital
development and hormone production},
Series = {Poster presented at the 2nd Annual Meeting of the Society
for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Atlanta,
GA},
Year = {1998},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds30078}
}
@misc{fds240217,
Author = {Glickman, SE and Coscia, EM and Frank, LG and Licht, P and Weldele, ML and Drea, CM},
Title = {Androgens and masculinization of genitalia in the spotted
hyaena (Crocuta crocuta). 3. Effects of juvenile
gonadectomy.},
Journal = {Journal of reproduction and fertility},
Volume = {113},
Number = {1},
Pages = {129-135},
Year = {1998},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0022-4251},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9713385},
Keywords = {castration ovariectomy development hyaena},
Abstract = {Studies involving the administration of anti-androgens to
spotted hyaenas during fetal development have raised
questions concerning the precise contributions of steroids
to phallic growth in these animals. If gonadal androgens
promote postnatal penile growth in males, the following
would be expected: (a) a period of accelerated growth
accompanying achievement of puberty, and (b) a marked
reduction in adult penile size and density of penile spines
after gonadectomy. If a similar androgenic pubertal process
stimulates clitoral growth in these highly 'masculinized'
hyaenas, parallel observations in females would be expected;
however, the role of oestrogens in accounting for
female-typical clitoral development would also have to be
considered. The results of the present study suggest a
limited role, if any for androgenic stimulation of phallic
growth. That is, penile growth was greater during the 10
month period preceding puberty, than during an 18-month
period that included the traditional increase in pubertal
androgens. In addition, pre-pubertal castration had minimal
effects on penile length, diameter, or the presence of
penile spines. In females, most clitoral growth also
occurred before puberty, although pre-pubertal ovariectomy
produced significant reductions in clitoral diameter and the
elasticity of the urogenital meatus. These feminine
characteristics which normally distinguish the female from
the male phallus in this species, were partially restored by
a brief period of oestrogen administration. Both sexes
displayed erections many years after pre-pubertal
castration. The results of the present study suggest that
postnatal phallic growth is largely independent of gonadal
steroids, with oestrogenic facilitation of female-typical
clitoral characteristics in spotted hyaenas.},
Doi = {10.1530/jrf.0.1130129},
Key = {fds240217}
}
@misc{fds240218,
Author = {Drea, CM and Weldele, ML and Forger, NG and Coscia, EM and Frank, LG and Licht, P and Glickman, SE},
Title = {Androgens and masculinization of genitalia in the spotted
hyaena (Crocuta crocuta). 2. Effects of prenatal
anti-androgens.},
Journal = {Journal of reproduction and fertility},
Volume = {113},
Number = {1},
Pages = {117-127},
Year = {1998},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0022-4251},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9713384},
Keywords = {anti-androgen masculinization feminization development
hyaena},
Abstract = {Pregnant spotted hyaenas were treated with anti-androgens to
interfere with the unusually masculine 'phallic' development
that characterizes females of this species. The effects on
genital morphology and plasma androgen concentrations of
infants were studied during the first 6 months of life.
Although there were consistent 'feminizing' effects of
prenatal anti-androgen treatment on genital morphology in
both sexes, such exposure did not produce males with extreme
hypospadia, as it does in other species, nor did it produce
females with a 'typical' mammalian clitoris and external
vagina. 'Feminization' of males resulted in a penis with the
morphological features of the hyaena clitoris, and
'feminization' of females exaggerated the sex differences
that are typical of this species. The effects of treatment
were present at birth and persisted for at least 6 months.
Treatment of pregnant females with flutamide and finasteride
also markedly reduced circulating concentrations of
testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in maternal plasma
during pregnancy. Plasma delta 4-androstenedione was reduced
in the female, but not the male, infants of treated mothers,
consistent with an epigenetic hypothesis previously advanced
to explain hormonal 'masculinization' of females. The
present 'feminizing' effects of prenatal anti-androgen
treatment are consistent with contemporary understanding of
sexual differentiation, which accounts for morphological
variation between the sexes in terms of steroids. However,
current theory does not account for the basic genital
structure of females and the present data suggest that
development of the male penis and scrotum, and the female
clitoris and pseudoscrotum, in spotted hyaenas may involve
both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent
components.},
Doi = {10.1530/jrf.0.1130117},
Key = {fds240218}
}
@article{fds30107,
Author = {Drea, C.M.},
Title = {The Berkeley Hyena Project},
Series = {District VIII Meeting of the American Association for
Laboratory Animal Science, Berkeley, CA},
Year = {1998},
Month = {May},
Key = {fds30107}
}
@article{fds30108,
Author = {C. Drea},
Title = {Dispelling myths about spotted hyenas},
Series = {Family Wildlife Festival on Leaders of the Pack: Wild Dogs
Among Us, Lindsay Wildlife Museum, Walnut Creek,
CA},
Year = {1998},
Month = {February},
Key = {fds30108}
}
@misc{fds304455,
Author = {Drea, CM},
Title = {Social context affects how rhesus monkeys explore their
environment.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {44},
Number = {3},
Pages = {205-214},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9519240},
Abstract = {This study reports on social modulation of exploratory
behavior and response to novelty by members of a captive
rhesus monkey colony. The group was trained to split in
half, with one subgroup composed of dominant members only,
the other of subordinates. The animals were then presented
the same initially novel stimuli (i.e., sand-filled metal
boxes containing hidden food items) in two social contexts
differing in hierarchical composition. In a combined
context, all group members (i.e., both subgroups together)
were simultaneously presented the stimuli. In a split
context, only members of the top or bottom half of the group
(i.e., each subgroup in turn) was independently presented
the stimuli. Subordinates responded similarly to dominant
animals in the combined context but differently in the split
context, where they were far more hesitant. Rank-related
differences were evident in the way animals used their home
compound and in their approach and responsiveness toward the
stimuli. These findings show that social context influences
how animals explore novel situations, possibly reflecting
different social roles or status effects on the perception
of social structure. Also, despite the complexity of primate
social relationships, the separation technique produced no
permanent or adverse effects on the social integrity of the
group. This study shows that manipulating the social
environment through separation training can be a powerful
tool for assessing contextual influences on
behavior.},
Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1098-2345(1998)44:3<205::aid-ajp3>3.0.co;2-#},
Key = {fds304455}
}
@misc{fds240219,
Author = {Drea, CM},
Title = {Social context affects how rhesus monkeys explore their
environment},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {44},
Number = {3},
Pages = {205-214},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1998},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9519240},
Keywords = {exploration response to novelty rhesus monkeys social roles
social context dominance relationships},
Abstract = {This study reports on social modulation of exploratory
behavior and response to novelty by members of a captive
rhesus monkey colony. The group was trained to split in
half, with one subgroup composed of dominant members only,
the other of subordinates. The animals were then presented
the same initially novel stimuli (i.e., sand-filled metal
boxes containing hidden food items) in two social contexts,
differing in hierarchical composition. In a ‘combined’
context, all group members (i.e., both subgroups together)
were simultaneously presented the stimuli. In a ‘split’
context, only members of the top or bottom half of the group
(i.e., each subgroup in turn) was independently presented
the stimuli. Subordinates responded similarly to dominant
animals in the combined context, but differently in the
split context, where they were far more hesitant.
Rank-related differences were evident in the way animals
used their home compound and in their approach and
responsiveness toward the stimuli. These findings show that
social context influences how animals explore novel
situations, possibly reflecting different social roles or
status effects on the perception of social structure. Also,
despite the complexity of primate social relationships, the
separation technique produced no permanent or adverse
effects on the social integrity of the group. This study
shows that manipulating the social environment through
separation training can be a powerful tool for assessing
contextual influences on behavior.},
Doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1998)44:33.0.CO;2},
Key = {fds240219}
}
@article{fds30109,
Author = {Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Social interactions and the primate amygdala},
Series = {Workshop on Evaluating the Behavioral Effects of Amygdala
Damage. University of California at San Diego, Department of
Psychiatry, San Diego, CA},
Year = {1997},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds30109}
}
@misc{fds240183,
Author = {Glickman, SE and Zabel, CJ and Yoerg, SI and Weldele, ML and Drea, CM and Frank, LG},
Title = {Social facilitation, affiliation, and dominance in the
social life of spotted hyenas.},
Journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences},
Volume = {807},
Series = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 807: The
Integrative Neurobiology of Affiliation},
Pages = {175-184},
Publisher = {NY: New York Academy of Sciences},
Editor = {C.S. Carter and I. I. Lederhendler and B. Kirkpatrick},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0077-8923},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9071350},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51919.x},
Key = {fds240183}
}
@misc{fds240184,
Author = {Drea, CM and Hawk, JE and Glickman, SE},
Title = {The emergence of affiliative behavior in infant spotted
hyenas (Crocuta crocuta).},
Journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences},
Volume = {807},
Series = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 807: The
Integrative Neurobiology of Affiliation},
Pages = {498-500},
Publisher = {NY: New York Academy of Sciences},
Editor = {C.S. Carter and I.I. Lederhendler and B. Kirkpatrick},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0077-8923},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9071381},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51950.x},
Key = {fds240184}
}
@article{fds30079,
Author = {Drea, C.M. and Neves, A. and Lopez, V. and Glickman,
S.E.},
Title = {Cooperation in captive spotted hyenas (Crocuta
crocuta)},
Series = {Paper presented at the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Animal
Behavior Society, Flagstaff, AZ},
Year = {1996},
Month = {August},
Key = {fds30079}
}
@misc{fds240171,
Author = {Drea, CM},
Title = {Primate Handedness: An Emerging Discipline?},
Journal = {Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews},
Volume = {41},
Number = {7},
Pages = {681-682},
Publisher = {Portico},
Year = {1996},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0010-7549},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1996UW96500026&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1037/004622},
Key = {fds240171}
}
@article{fds30080,
Author = {Drea, C.M. and Weldele, M. and Frank, L.G. and Licht, P. and Glickman,
S.E.},
Title = {Effects of prenatal anti-androgen treatment on genital
development in spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta)},
Series = {Paper presented at the Western Regional Conference on
Comparative Endocrinology, Berkeley, CA},
Year = {1996},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds30080}
}
@article{fds30081,
Author = {Drea, C.M. and Hawk, J.E. and Glickman, S.E.},
Title = {The emergence of affiliative behavior in infant spotted
hyenas (Crocuta crocuta)},
Series = {Poster presented at the New York Academy of Sciences
Conference on the Integrative Neurobiology of Affiliation,
Washington, DC},
Year = {1996},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds30081}
}
@misc{fds240182,
Author = {Drea, CM and Hawk, JE and Glickman, SE},
Title = {Aggression decreases as play emerges in infant spotted
hyaenas: Preparation for joining the clan},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {51},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1323-1336},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1996},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1996.0136},
Abstract = {The early social development of spotted hyaenas, Crocuta
crocuta, is marked by a dramatic transition at 2-3 weeks of
age, when infants are taken from the isolation of their
natal den, where they are intensely aggressive, to the
communal den, where they meet most clan members for the
first time. This study examined behaviour patterns in eight
sets of captive twins during the first month of life to
document the changes that prepare young hyaenas for social
integration at the communal den. Bite shakes, the most
extreme aggressive behaviour, declined markedly within the
first week of life, but other forms of aggression remained
constant. During week 1, low- intensity prosocial behaviour
occurred primarily between mother and cub. By week 2,
higher-intensity social play emerged, occurring mainly
between siblings. In weeks 3 and 4, cub interactive play was
most frequent, lasted longer and was more vigorous.
Locomotor and object play did not emerge until weeks 3 and
4, respectively. Dominance relations between siblings were
operationally defined by submissive withdrawals.
Accordingly, aggression was unidirectional, with dominants
initiating most interactions. By contrast, play was
reciprocal and equally initiated by dominant and subordinate
cubs. Maternal interruption of cub behaviour mainly occurred
during extreme aggressive interactions, but rarely during
vigorous play. Results showed that prosocial behaviour
emerged in captive hyaena cubs following a decline in severe
aggression and before the time wild cubs are taken from the
natal to the communal den. It is suggested that play may
modulate aggression, following the establishment of a
dominance relationship, and may serve an immediate prosocial
function to prepare aggressive infant hyaenas for
integration into the clan.},
Doi = {10.1006/anbe.1996.0136},
Key = {fds240182}
}
@misc{fds240215,
Author = {Drea, CM and Wallen, K and Akinbami, MA and Mann,
DR},
Title = {Neonatal testosterone and handedness in yearling rhesus
monkeys (Macaca mulatta).},
Journal = {Physiology & behavior},
Volume = {58},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1257-1262},
Year = {1995},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0031-9384},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8623029},
Keywords = {Cerebral laterality Handedness Neonatal testosterone Rhesus
monkey GnRH antagonist Androgen suppression Social
environment},
Abstract = {This study investigated the relationship between neonatal
testosterone (T) and hand bias in young rhesus monkeys
(Macaca mulatta). Subjects (n = 8 per group) included:
neonatally androgen-suppressed males, using a Nal-Lys
gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist (Antide);
androgen-suppressed males receiving T replacement by a
long-acting T preparation (CDB); control males; and control
females. Antide suppressed T to the female range, whereas
CDB replacement produced supranormal levels. Visually guided
reaching, in a social context, showed a population-level
left-hand bias. Males with elevated T did not show a
stronger left-hand bias than males with normal T, but did
show a stronger bias for the preferred hand whether left or
right. Males with Antide-suppressed T showed an intermediate
degree of hand bias. Results suggest that high neonatal T
levels affect laterality and raise the possibility that GnRH
analogues influence brain development. These data suggest a
broad influence of the CNS-pituitary-testicular axis on
brain asymmetries and provide support for an early neonatal
period of T-influenced brain differentiation.},
Doi = {10.1016/0031-9384(95)02026-8},
Key = {fds240215}
}
@article{fds30082,
Author = {Glickman, S.E. and Drea, C.M. and Weldele, M. and Frank, L.G. and Cunha, G. and Licht, P.},
Title = {Sexual differentiation of the female spotted hyena (Crocuta
crocuta)},
Series = {Paper presented at the XXIVth International Ethological
Conference, Honolulu, HI},
Year = {1995},
Month = {August},
Key = {fds30082}
}
@article{fds30083,
Author = {Drea, C.M. and Wallen, K.},
Title = {Social modulation of performance on learning tasks in rhesus
monkeys},
Series = {Paper presented at the XXVth Annual Symposium of the Jean
Piaget Society: Piaget, Evolution, and Development,
Berkeley, CA},
Year = {1995},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds30083}
}
@misc{fds240216,
Author = {Drea, CM and Wallen, K},
Title = {Gradual acquisition of visual discrimination tasks in a
social group of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)},
Journal = {Animal Learning & Behavior},
Volume = {23},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-8},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1995},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0090-4996},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03198009},
Abstract = {An established, captive colony of 74 rhesus monkeys (Macaca
mulatta) was group-tested on a simultaneous visual
discrimination problem and three reversals of the initial
discrimination. The task incorporated important aspects of
rhesus foraging behavior. Although other studies of communal
groups of nonhuman primates have reported rapid learning,
subjects in the present study showed no evidence of
one-trial acquisition of the initial problem or of rapid
learning-set formation across the reversal series. Instead,
mean and individual performance, on all variables measured,
improved gradually, both within and across series. Subjects
appeared to "learn how to learn," consistent with findings
of traditional studies of individual discrimination
learning. Our finding of gradual learning in group-living
animals argues that the source of rapid learning in previous
reports is not attributable to social influence or
ecological relevance, but may reflect specific procedural or
species differences between studies. © 1995 Psychonomic
Society, Inc.},
Doi = {10.3758/BF03198009},
Key = {fds240216}
}
@article{fds30084,
Author = {Glickman, S.E. and Drea, C.M. and Weldele, M. and Frank, L.G. and Cunha, G. and Licht, P.},
Title = {Sexual differentiation of the female spotted hyena (Crocuta
crocuta)},
Series = {Paper presented at the Keystone Symposium on the Molecular
Basis for Differences Between the Sexes, Tamarron,
CO},
Year = {1995},
Month = {February},
Key = {fds30084}
}
@article{fds30085,
Author = {Drea, C.M. and Hawk, J.E. and Glickman, S.E.},
Title = {Aggression decreases as play emerges in infant spotted
hyenas (Crocuta crocuta)},
Series = {Paper presented at the 31st Annual Meeting of the Animal
Behavior Society, Seattle, WA},
Year = {1994},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds30085}
}
@article{fds30087,
Author = {Drea, C.M. and Mann, D.R. and Akinbami, M.A. and Wallen,
K.},
Title = {Neonatal testosterone and handedness in rhesus monkeys
(Macaca mulatta)},
Series = {). Paper presented at the 30th Annual Meeting of the Animal
Behavior Society, Davis, CA},
Year = {1993},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds30087}
}
@article{fds30088,
Author = {Drea, C.M. and Wallen, K.},
Title = {Social cognition in subordinate rhesus monkeys (Macaca
mulatta): Failure to learn or failure to
perform?},
Series = {Paper presented at the XIVth Congress of the International
Primatological Society, Strasbourg, France},
Year = {1992},
Month = {August},
Key = {fds30088}
}
@article{fds30089,
Author = {Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Social status and performance on learning tasks in rhesus
monkeys},
Series = {. Paper presented at the 29th Annual Meeting of the Animal
Behavior Society, Kingston, Ontario},
Year = {1992},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds30089}
}
@misc{fds44333,
Author = {Drea, C.M.},
Title = {Influence of social dominance on the acquisition of color
discriminations in rhesus monkeys (Macaca
mulatta)},
Series = {Ph.D. Thesis, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. 130
pages},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds44333}
}
@misc{fds240214,
Author = {Fagot, J and Drea, CM and Wallen, K},
Title = {Asymmetrical hand use in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in
tactually and visually regulated tasks.},
Journal = {Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. :
1983)},
Volume = {105},
Number = {3},
Pages = {260-268},
Year = {1991},
ISSN = {0735-7036},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1935005},
Abstract = {Asymmetrical hand use by rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) was
investigated in a series of tactually and visually guided
tasks. The 1st experiment recorded manual preferences of 29
monkeys for solving a haptic discrimination task in a
hanging posture. There was a left-hand population bias: 21
monkeys had a left-hand bias, 4 a right-hand bias, and 4 no
bias. The 2nd experiment, 4 tasks with 23 to 51 monkeys,
investigated the critical components of the 1st experiment
by varying the posture (hanging, sitting, or tripedal) and
the sensory requirements (tactile or visual). Posture
influenced hand bias, with a population-level left-hand bias
in hanging and sitting postures, but an almost symmetrical
distribution in the tripedal posture. A left-hand bias was
found for both sensory modalities, but the bias was stronger
in the tactual tasks. Results suggest a possible
right-hemisphere specialization in the rhesus for tactile,
visual, or spatial processing.},
Doi = {10.1037//0735-7036.105.3.260},
Key = {fds240214}
}
@article{fds30090,
Author = {Drea, C.M. and Wallen, K.},
Title = {Color discrimination and learning set formation in a social
group of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)},
Series = {Poster presented at the 26th Annual Meeting of the Animal
Behavior Society, Binghamton, NY,},
Year = {1990},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds30090}
}
@article{fds30091,
Author = {Drea, C. and Wallen, K.},
Title = {Color discrimination and color reversal acquisition in
group-living rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)},
Series = {Paper presented at the XIIIth Annual Meeting of the American
Society of Primatologists. Davis, CA},
Year = {1990},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds30091}
}
@misc{fds44332,
Author = {Drea, C.M.},
Title = {). Influence of social factors on discrimination learning
and the acquisition of a reversal learning set in rhesus
monkeys (Macaca mulatta)},
Series = {M.A. Thesis, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. 119
pages},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds44332}
}
@misc{fds240213,
Author = {Nagata, M and Hohman, TC and Nishimura, C and Drea, CM and Oliver, C and Robison, WG},
Title = {Polyol and vacuole formation in cultured canine lens
epithelial cells.},
Journal = {Experimental eye research},
Volume = {48},
Number = {5},
Pages = {667-677},
Year = {1989},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0014-4835},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2500357},
Abstract = {Polyol accumulation and myo-inositol depletion were
accompanied by extensive vacuole formation in cultured
canine lens epithelial cells that were incubated for up to
96 hr in growth medium supplemented with 30 mM D-galactose
or 30 mM D-glucose. These changes did not occur in cells
incubated in a hypergalactosemic or hyperglycemic medium
which also contained an aldose reductase inhibitor (20
microM sorbinil). In addition, these changes were not
observed in lens cells incubated in growth medium
supplemented with either 30 mM mannitol, which is known to
enter cells only slowly, or in 30 mM L-galactose, which is
not a substrate for aldose reductase. The vacuoles were
visible at the ultrastructural level after 6 hr of
incubation in 30 mM D-galactose and increased in both number
and size with time. These vacuoles had a unique fine
structure. They did not result from swelling of mitochondria
or other cell organelles. As demonstrated cytochemically,
they did not represent either lysosomes or Golgi saccules.
The proliferation pattern of cells incubated with 30 mM
D-galactose was clearly different from that of control
cells, but approached normal when an aldose reductase
inhibitor was added to the incubation medium. Together these
findings suggest that vacuole formation and altered cell
proliferation were caused by polyol accumulation and/or
myo-inositol loss, both of which result from aldose
reductase activity.},
Doi = {10.1016/0014-4835(89)90008-0},
Key = {fds240213}
}
@misc{fds240211,
Author = {Katz, ML and Drea, CM and Robison, WG},
Title = {Dietary vitamins A and E influence retinyl ester composition
and content of the retinal pigment epithelium.},
Journal = {Biochimica et biophysica acta},
Volume = {924},
Number = {3},
Pages = {432-441},
Year = {1987},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0006-3002},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3593761},
Abstract = {Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of
dietary levels of vitamin A and alpha-tocopherol on the
amounts and composition of retinyl esters in the retinal
pigment epithelium of light-adapted albino rats. Groups of
rats were fed diets containing alpha-tocopherol and either
no retinyl palmitate, adequate retinyl palmitate, or
excessive retinyl palmitate. Other groups of rats received
diets lacking alpha-tocopherol and containing the same three
levels of retinyl palmitate. Retinoic acid was added to
diets lacking retinyl palmitate. After 27 weeks, the animals
were light-adapted to achieve essentially total visual
pigment bleaches, and the neural retinas and retinal pigment
epithelium-eyecups were then dissected from each eye for
vitamin A ester determinations. Almost all of the retinyl
esters were found in the retinal pigment epithelium-eyecup
portions of the eyes, mainly as retinyl palmitate and
retinyl stearate. Maintaining rats on a vitamin A-deficient,
retinoic acid-containing diet led to significant reductions
in retinal pigment epithelial retinyl ester levels in rats
fed both the vitamin E-supplemented and vitamin E-deficient
diets; contrary to expectations, the effect of dietary
vitamin A deficiency was more pronounced in the vitamin
E-supplemented rats. Vitamin A deficiency in retinoic
acid-maintained animals also led to significant reductions
in retinyl palmitate-to-stearate ester ratios in the retinal
pigment epithelia of both vitamin E-supplemented and vitamin
E-deficient rats. Excessive dietary intake of vitamin A had
little, if any, effect on retinal pigment epithelial retinyl
ester content or composition. Vitamin E deficiency resulted
in significant increases in retinal pigment epithelial
retinyl palmitate content and in palmitate-to-stearate ester
ratios in rats fed all three levels of vitamin A, but had
little effect on retinal pigment epithelial retinyl stearate
content. In other tissues, vitamin E deficiency has been
shown to lower vitamin A levels, and it is widely accepted
that this effect is due to autoxidative destruction of
vitamin A. The increase in retinal pigment epithelial
vitamin A ester levels in response to vitamin E deficiency
indicates that vitamin E does not regulate vitamin A levels
in this tissue primarily by acting as an antioxidant, but
rather may act as an inhibitor of vitamin A uptake and/or
storage. The effect of vitamin E on pigment epithelial
vitamin A levels may be mediated by the vitamin E-induced
change in retinyl palmitate-to-stearate ratios.},
Doi = {10.1016/0304-4165(87)90157-7},
Key = {fds240211}
}
@misc{fds240212,
Author = {Katz, ML and Drea, CM and Robison, WG},
Title = {Age-related alterations in vitamin A metabolism in the rat
retina.},
Journal = {Experimental eye research},
Volume = {44},
Number = {6},
Pages = {939-949},
Year = {1987},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0014-4835},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3653281},
Abstract = {Vitamin A plays a central role in visual transduction and in
maintaining the structural integrity of the retina. It is
possible that age-related alterations in vitamin A
metabolism in the eye could contribute to the impairment of
visual function that occurs during senescence. Therefore,
investigations were conducted to determine whether the
metabolism of this vitamin in the rat retina was altered
during aging. Pigmented rats aged 12-, 22-, and 32 months
were dark-adapted, and one eye from each animal was
enucleated under dim red light. The neural retinas were
separated from the retinal pigment epithelium
(RPE)-choroid-scleral complexes, and the amounts and forms
of vitamin A in both tissues were determined. The animals
were then fully light-adapted, and the same measurements
were performed on the tissues from the remaining eye of each
rat. A number of age-related alterations in the vitamin A
composition and content of the retina and RPE were observed.
The most pronounced of these changes were significant
increases in the ratios of retinyl palmitate to retinyl
stearate with advancing age in both the neural retina and
RPE. The total vitamin A ester contents of the RPEs
increased during senescence in the dark-adapted state, but
not in the light-adapted state. Retinyl ester levels in the
neural retinas, on the other hand, did not differ
significantly between 12- and 32-month-old animals in either
the light-adapted or dark-adapted states. The amounts of
all-trans retinol in the neural retinas decreased during
aging, mainly in the dark-adapted state, whereas aging had
no influence on RPE all-trans retinol content. The
age-related alterations in metabolism of vitamin A that
these observations reflect may be related to certain changes
in visual function that occur during senescence.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0014-4835(87)80055-6},
Key = {fds240212}
}
@article{fds30092,
Author = {Hohman, T.C. and Nagata, M and Nishimura, C. and Drea, C. and Kinoshita, J.H. and Robison, W.G., Jr.},
Title = {Aldose reductase inhibitors and the depletion of
myo-inositol in cultured lens cells},
Series = {Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for
Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Fort Lauderdale,
FL},
Year = {1987},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds30092}
}
@misc{fds44338,
Author = {Katz, M.L. and Robison, W. G., Jr. and Drea,
C.M.},
Title = {Factors influencing lipofuscin accumulation in the retinal
pigment epithelium of the eye},
Series = {Advances in the Biosciences, Vol. 64: Advances in Age
Pigments Research},
Pages = {111-132},
Publisher = {Oxford: Pergamon Press},
Editor = {E.A. Totaro and P.N. Glees and F.A. Pisanti},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds44338}
}
@article{fds30093,
Author = {Drea, C.M. and Katz, M.L. and Robison, W.G., Jr. and Hess,
H.H.},
Title = {Influence of early photoreceptor cell degeneration on
lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium},
Series = {Poster presented at the 16th Annual meeting of the American
Aging Association},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds30093}
}
@misc{fds240209,
Author = {Katz, ML and Drea, CM and Eldred, GE and Hess, HH and Robison,
WG},
Title = {Influence of early photoreceptor degeneration on lipofuscin
in the retinal pigment epithelium.},
Journal = {Experimental eye research},
Volume = {43},
Number = {4},
Pages = {561-573},
Year = {1986},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0014-4835},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3792460},
Abstract = {Experiments were conducted to evaluate the role played by
photoreceptor cells in the accumulation of age pigment, or
lipofuscin, in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The
age-related accumulation of RPE lipofuscin was compared
between rats with hereditary photoreceptor degeneration
(RDY) and congenic rats with normal retinas. In the RDY
animals, the age-related increase in RPE lipofuscin content
was substantially less than in normal controls. This
suggests that the photoreceptor cells play a significant
role in RPE lipofuscin deposition, although they may not be
the sole contributors to RPE lipofuscin formation. Evidence
that outer-segment components may be converted into
lipofuscin fluorophores was provided by the discovery that
in young RDY rats, fragments of outer segments from
degenerating photoreceptor cells had fluorescence properties
similar to those of RPE lipofuscin. Chloroform-methanol
extraction of retina-RPE tissue from young normal and
dystrophic rats, and analysis of the chloroform fractions by
thin-layer chromatography, revealed three distinct
fluorescent components associated with the lipofuscin-like
fluorescence of the outer-segment fragments in the RDY
rats.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0014-4835(86)80023-9},
Key = {fds240209}
}
@misc{fds240210,
Author = {Katz, ML and Drea, CM and Robison, WG},
Title = {Relationship between dietary retinol and lipofuscin in the
retinal pigment epithelium.},
Journal = {Mechanisms of ageing and development},
Volume = {35},
Number = {3},
Pages = {291-305},
Year = {1986},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0047-6374},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3773574},
Abstract = {A variety of evidence suggests that autoxidation of cellular
components probably plays a significant role in the
age-related accumulation of lipofuscin, or age-pigment, in
the mammalian retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Among the
likely candidates for conversion into RPE lipofuscin
fluorophores via autoxidative mechanisms are vitamin A
compounds, which are present in the retina and RPE in high
concentrations. Vitamin E, an important lipid antioxidant,
is likely to inhibit vitamin A autoxidation. Experiments
were conducted to evaluate the significance of vitamin A
autoxidation in the deposition of lipofuscin in the RPE.
Albino rats were fed diets either supplemented with or
lacking vitamin E. Each of these two groups of animals was
further subdivided into three groups which were fed
different levels of vitamin A palmitate: none, 14.0 mumol/kg
diet, and 80.5 mumol/kg diet. After 26 weeks, the animals
were killed and the RPE lipofuscin contents were determined
by both fluorescence measurements and quantitative
ultrastructural morphometry. Vitamin A palmitate deficiency
led to significant reductions in RPE lipofuscin deposition,
relative to the amounts of this pigment present in the
groups receiving vitamin A palmitate in their diets. The
relative magnitude of the vitamin A effect was greater in
the vitamin E-supplemented groups than in the groups fed the
diets deficient in vitamin E. This finding suggests that
vitamin E interacts with vitamin A ester metabolites in vivo
in a more complex manner than simply acting as an
antioxidant protectant. Rats fed the diets containing the
higher level of vitamin A palmitate failed to display
elevated RPE lipofuscin contents relative to those in the
rats fed 14.0 mumol of vitamin A palmitate/kg diet. Failure
of high vitamin A intake to enhance RPE lipofuscin
deposition may have been due to the fact that intake of
vitamin A above normal levels did not lead to an elevation
in vitamin A content of the retinal tissue. Establishing an
effect of vitamin A deficiency on RPE lipofuscin deposition
and characterization of the interactions between vitamins E
and A are important steps toward defining precisely the
molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying age-pigment
accumulation in the RPE.},
Doi = {10.1016/0047-6374(86)90131-4},
Key = {fds240210}
}
@article{fds30094,
Author = {Drea, C.M. and Robison, W.G., Jr.},
Title = {Rod outer segment degeneration and lipid granule formation
in the rat retina},
Series = {Paper presented at the Summer Symposia Series of the
National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD},
Year = {1985},
Month = {August},
Key = {fds30094}
}
@article{fds30096,
Author = {Robison, W.G., Jr. and Hohman, T. and Katz, M. and Drea,
C.},
Title = {Retinal capillaries: characterization of the thickened
basement membranes in diabetic, galactosemic, and senescent
rats},
Series = {Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for
Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Fort Lauderdale,
FL},
Year = {1985},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds30096}
}
@misc{fds240164,
Author = {DREA, CM and KATZ, ML and ROBISON, WG and HESS, HH},
Title = {INFLUENCE OF EARLY PHOTORECEPTOR DEGENERATION ON LIPOFUSCIN
IN THE RETINAL-PIGMENT EPITHELIUM},
Journal = {AGE},
Volume = {8},
Number = {4},
Pages = {146-146},
Publisher = {AMER AGING ASSOC},
Year = {1985},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0161-9152},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1985ATH6500042&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240164}
}
@misc{fds240179,
Author = {KATZ, ML and DREA, CM and ROBISON, WG},
Title = {RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIETARY RETINOL AND LIPOFUSCIN IN THE
RETINAL-PIGMENT EPITHELIUM},
Journal = {AGE},
Volume = {8},
Series = {Poster presented at the 14th Annual Meeting of the American
Aging Association},
Number = {4},
Pages = {145-145},
Publisher = {AMER AGING ASSOC},
Year = {1985},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0161-9152},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1985ATH6500041&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240179}
}
%% Feldblum, Joseph T.
@misc{fds365647,
Author = {Feldblum, JT and Boehm, EE and Walker, KK and Pusey,
AE},
Title = {Predictors and consequences of gestation length in wild
chimpanzees},
Journal = {American Journal of Biological Anthropology},
Volume = {179},
Number = {3},
Pages = {417-430},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2022},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24601},
Abstract = {<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives</jats:title><jats:p>Energetics
are widely recognized to influence timing of birth in humans
and other eutherian mammals, yet considerable variation
exists in the relationship between energetic constraints and
gestation length. In humans, poor nutrition and short
inter‐gestational intervals (IGIs) are associated with
shorter gestations. In other mammals, lower energy
availability is usually associated with longer gestations.
We investigated the predictors of gestation length, and the
impact of gestation length on offspring survival, in
chimpanzees, humans' closest living relatives.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials
and Methods</jats:title><jats:p>We used 50 years of
demographic and behavioral data to estimate gestation
lengths in the wild chimpanzees of Gombe National Park,
Tanzania, and then used ecological and demographic data to
explore the predictors and consequences of gestation length
in our sample.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Gestation
lengths were shorter for females in their early 30s
(relative to younger and older females), and after short
IGIs. Other predictors potentially associated with maternal
energetic condition and maternal investment were not
associated with gestation length. We also found that shorter
gestation lengths corresponded to lower offspring
survival.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion</jats:title><jats:p>Like
humans, chimpanzees had shorter gestations after short IGIs,
and short gestations were associated with higher offspring
mortality. We consider competing explanations for the
conflicting relationships between energetics and gestation
length across eutherian mammals in light of these
results.</jats:p></jats:sec>},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.24601},
Key = {fds365647}
}
@misc{fds363975,
Author = {Massaro, AP and Gilby, IC and Desai, N and Weiss, A and Feldblum, JT and Pusey, AE and Wilson, ML},
Title = {Correlates of individual participation in boundary patrols
by male chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological Sciences},
Volume = {377},
Number = {1851},
Pages = {20210151},
Year = {2022},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0151},
Abstract = {Group territory defence poses a collective action problem:
individuals can free-ride, benefiting without paying the
costs. Individual heterogeneity has been proposed to solve
such problems, as individuals high in reproductive success,
rank, fighting ability or motivation may benefit from
defending territories even if others free-ride. To test this
hypothesis, we analysed 30 years of data from chimpanzees
(<i>Pan troglodytes</i>) in the Kasekela community, Gombe
National Park, Tanzania (1978-2007). We examined the extent
to which individual participation in patrols varied
according to correlates of reproductive success (mating
rate, rank, age), fighting ability (hunting), motivation
(scores from personality ratings), costs of defecting (the
number of adult males in the community) and gregariousness
(sighting frequency). By contrast to expectations from
collective action theory, males participated in patrols at
consistently high rates (mean ± s.d. = 74.5 ± 11.1% of
patrols, <i>n</i> = 23 males). The best predictors of patrol
participation were sighting frequency, age and hunting
participation. Current and former alpha males did not
participate at a higher rate than males that never achieved
alpha status. These findings suggest that the temptation to
free-ride is low, and that a mutualistic mechanism such as
group augmentation may better explain individual
participation in group territorial behaviour. This article
is part of the theme issue 'Intergroup conflict across
taxa'.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2021.0151},
Key = {fds363975}
}
@misc{fds363976,
Author = {Drea, CM and Davies, CS and Greene, LK and Mitchell, J and Blondel, DV and Shearer, CL and Feldblum, JT and Dimac-Stohl, KA and Smyth-Kabay, KN and Clutton-Brock, TH},
Title = {An intergenerational androgenic mechanism of female
intrasexual competition in the cooperatively breeding
meerkat.},
Journal = {Nature Communications},
Volume = {12},
Number = {1},
Pages = {7332},
Year = {2021},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27496-x},
Abstract = {Female intrasexual competition can be intense in
cooperatively breeding species, with some dominant breeders
(matriarchs) limiting reproduction in subordinates via
aggression, eviction or infanticide. In males, such
tendencies bidirectionally link to testosterone, but in
females, there has been little systematic investigation of
androgen-mediated behaviour within and across generations.
In 22 clans of wild meerkats (Suricata suricatta), we show
that matriarchs 1) express peak androgen concentrations
during late gestation, 2) when displaying peak feeding
competition, dominance behaviour, and evictions, and 3)
relative to subordinates, produce offspring that are more
aggressive in early development. Late-gestation antiandrogen
treatment of matriarchs 4) specifically reduces dominance
behaviour, is associated with infrequent evictions,
decreases social centrality within the clan, 5) increases
aggression in cohabiting subordinate dams, and 6) reduces
offspring aggression. These effects implicate
androgen-mediated aggression in the operation of female
sexual selection, and intergenerational transmission of
masculinised phenotypes in the evolution of meerkat
cooperative breeding.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41467-021-27496-x},
Key = {fds363976}
}
@misc{fds363977,
Author = {Bray, J and Feldblum, JT and Gilby, IC},
Title = {Social bonds predict dominance trajectories in adult male
chimpanzees},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {179},
Pages = {339-354},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2021},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.06.031},
Abstract = {In some species, individuals form well-differentiated and
affiliative social relationships that facilitate cooperation
and confer adaptive benefits, but few studies of males have
addressed the benefits of same-sex social bonds. Among
mammals, adult male chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, form some
of the strongest and most stable social bonds, and several
studies have found that higher-ranking males attain short-
and long-term benefits. No study in chimpanzees, however,
has demonstrated a link between social bonds and dominance
trajectories. To fill this gap, we used 37 years of data
from Gombe National Park, Tanzania, to test the hypothesis
that social bonds in adult male chimpanzees predict changes
in dominance strength, which were measured by annual changes
in mean Elo scores. Across 24 adult males, we found that
social bonds, which were identified using both association
in small groups and grooming activity, showed positive
relationships with changes in dominance strength. From
previous studies, the most likely mechanism for the observed
relationship between adult male bond strength and dominance
trajectories is the formation of cooperative coalitions, by
which males with stronger bonds leverage established
relationships to maintain or increase their position in the
dominance hierarchy. Given the fission–fusion social
structure of chimpanzees, both party-level associations and
grooming relationships are essential components of male
social bonding, and these results, in combination with prior
studies, suggest that having strong social bonds is a
valuable strategy for achieving higher rank.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.06.031},
Key = {fds363977}
}
@misc{fds363978,
Author = {Feldblum, JT and Krupenye, C and Bray, J and Pusey, AE and Gilby,
IC},
Title = {Social bonds provide multiple pathways to reproductive
success in wild male chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Iscience},
Volume = {24},
Number = {8},
Pages = {102864},
Year = {2021},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102864},
Abstract = {In most male mammals, fitness is strongly shaped by
competitive access to mates, a non-shareable resource. How,
then, did selection favor the evolution of cooperative
social bonds? We used behavioral and genetic data on wild
chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii</i>) in Gombe
National Park, Tanzania, to study the mechanisms by which
male-male social bonds increase reproductive success. Social
bonds increased fitness in several ways: first, subordinate
males that formed strong bonds with the alpha male had
higher siring success. Independently, males with larger
networks of strong bonds had higher siring success. In the
short term, bonds predicted coalition formation and
centrality in the coalition network, suggesting that males
benefit from being potential allies to numerous male rivals.
In the long term, male ties influenced fitness via improved
dominance rank for males that attain alpha status. Together,
these results suggest that male bonds evolved in chimpanzees
by affording both short- and long-term pathways to
reproductive success.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.isci.2021.102864},
Key = {fds363978}
}
@misc{fds363979,
Author = {Deere, JR and Schaber, KL and Foerster, S and Gilby, IC and Feldblum,
JT and VanderWaal, K and Wolf, TM and Travis, DA and Raphael, J and Lipende, I and Mjungu, D and Pusey, AE and Lonsdorf, EV and Gillespie,
TR},
Title = {Gregariousness is associated with parasite species richness
in a community of wild chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Volume = {75},
Number = {5},
Pages = {87},
Year = {2021},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-021-03030-3},
Abstract = {Increased risk of pathogen transmission through proximity
and contact is a well-documented cost of sociality.
Affiliative social contact, however, is an integral part of
primate group life and can benefit health. Despite its
importance to the evolution and maintenance of sociality,
the tradeoff between costs and benefits of social contact
for group-living primate species remains poorly understood.
To improve our understanding of this interplay, we used
social network analysis to investigate whether contact via
association in the same space and/or physical contact
measured through grooming were associated with helminth
parasite species richness in a community of wild chimpanzees
(Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii). We identified parasite
taxa in 381 fecal samples from 36 individuals from the
Kasekela community of chimpanzees in Gombe National Park,
Tanzania, from November 1, 2006 - October 31, 2012. Over the
study period, eight environmentally transmitted helminth
taxa were identified. We quantified three network metrics
for association and grooming contact, including degree
strength, betweenness, and closeness. Our findings suggest
that more gregarious individuals - those who spent more time
with more individuals in the same space - had higher
parasite richness, while the connections in the grooming
network were not related to parasite richness. The expected
parasite richness in individuals increased by 1.13 taxa (CI:
1.04, 1.22; p = 0.02) per one standard deviation increase in
degree strength of association contact. The results of this
study add to the understanding of the role that different
types of social contact plays in the parasite richness of
group-living social primates.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00265-021-03030-3},
Key = {fds363979}
}
@misc{fds363980,
Author = {Muller, MN and Blurton Jones and NG and Colchero, F and Thompson, ME and Enigk, DK and Feldblum, JT and Hahn, BH and Langergraber, KE and Scully,
EJ and Vigilant, L and Walker, KK and Wrangham, RW and Wroblewski, EE and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Sexual dimorphism in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes
schweinfurthii) and human age-specific fertility.},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {144},
Pages = {102795},
Year = {2020},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102795},
Abstract = {Across vertebrates, species with intense male mating
competition and high levels of sexual dimorphism in body
size generally exhibit dimorphism in age-specific fertility.
Compared with females, males show later ages at first
reproduction and earlier reproductive senescence because
they take longer to attain adult body size and musculature,
and maintain peak condition for a limited time. This
normally yields a shorter male duration of effective
breeding, but this reduction might be attenuated in species
that frequently use coalitionary aggression. Here, we
present comparative genetic and demographic data on
chimpanzees from three long-term study communities
(Kanyawara: Kibale National Park, Uganda; Mitumba and
Kasekela: Gombe National Park, Tanzania), comprising 581
male risk years and 112 infants, to characterize male
age-specific fertility. For comparison, we update estimates
from female chimpanzees in the same sites and append a
sample of human foragers (the Tanzanian Hadza). Consistent
with the idea that aggressive mating competition favors
youth, chimpanzee males attained a higher maximum fertility
than females, followed by a steeper decline with age. Males
did not show a delay in reproduction compared with females,
however, as adolescents in both sites successfully
reproduced by targeting young, subfecund females, who were
less attractive to adults. Gombe males showed earlier
reproductive senescence and a shorter duration of effective
breeding than Gombe females. By contrast, older males in
Kanyawara generally continued to reproduce, apparently by
forming coalitions with the alpha. Hadza foragers showed a
distinct pattern of sexual dimorphism in age-specific
fertility as, compared with women, men gained conceptions
later but continued reproducing longer. In sum, both humans
and chimpanzees showed sexual dimorphism in age-specific
fertility that deviated from predictions drawn from primates
with more extreme body size dimorphism, suggesting altered
dynamics of male-male competition in the two lineages. In
both species, coalitions appear important for extending male
reproductive careers.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102795},
Key = {fds363980}
}
@misc{fds363981,
Author = {Feldblum, JT and Manfredi, S and Gilby, IC and Pusey,
AE},
Title = {The timing and causes of a unique chimpanzee community
fission preceding Gombe's "Four-Year War".},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {166},
Number = {3},
Pages = {730-744},
Year = {2018},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23462},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>While permanent group fissions are
documented in humans and other primate species, they are
relatively rare in male philopatric primates. One of the few
apparent cases occurred in 1973 in Gombe National Park,
Tanzania, when a community of chimpanzees split into two
separate groups, preceding the famous "Four-Year War." We
tested the hypothesis that the original group was a single
cohesive community that experienced permanent fission, and
investigated several potential catalysts.<h4>Materials and
methods</h4>We calculated association, grooming, and ranging
metrics from historical data and used community detection
algorithms and matrix permutation tests to determine the
timing, dynamics, and causes of changes in social network
subgrouping structure.<h4>Results</h4>We found that the two
communities indeed split from one cohesive community, albeit
one with incipient subgrouping. The degree of subgrouping in
grooming and association networks increased sharply in 1971
and 1972, a period characterized by a dominance struggle
between three high-ranking males and unusually high
male:female sex ratios. Finally, we found a relationship
between post-split community membership and previous
association, grooming and ranging patterns in most periods
of analysis, one that became more pronounced as the fission
approached.<h4>Discussion</h4>Our analysis suggests that the
community began to split during a time of an unusually
male-biased sex ratio and a protracted dominance struggle,
and that adult males remained with those with whom they had
preferentially associated prior to the split. We discuss the
costs and benefits of group membership in chimpanzees and
contrast these results with group fissions in humans and
other taxa.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23462},
Key = {fds363981}
}
@misc{fds363982,
Author = {Foerster, S and Franz, M and Murray, CM and Gilby, IC and Feldblum, JT and Walker, KK and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Chimpanzee females queue but males compete for social
status},
Journal = {Scientific Reports},
Volume = {6},
Pages = {35404},
Publisher = {The Author(s)},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
Key = {fds363982}
}
@misc{fds328300,
Author = {Feldblum, J and Wroblewski, E and Rudicell, R and Hahn, B and Paiva, T and Cetinkaya-Rundel, M and Pusey, A and Gilby, I},
Title = {Sexually Coercive Male Chimpanzees Sire More
Offspring},
Journal = {Current Biology},
Volume = {24},
Number = {23},
Pages = {2855-2860},
Booktitle = {Current Biology},
Publisher = {Elsevier},
Year = {2014},
Month = {December},
url = {http://today.duke.edu/2014/11/chimpaggressio},
Abstract = {In sexually reproducing animals, male and female
reproductive strategies often conflict [1]. In some species,
males use aggression to overcome female choice [2, 3], but
debate persists over the extent to which this strategy is
successful. Previous studies of male aggression toward
females among wild chimpanzees have yielded contradictory
results about the relationship between aggression and mating
behavior [4?11]. Critically, however, copulation frequency
in primates is not always predictive of reproductive success
[12]. We analyzed a 17-year sample of behavioral and
genetic data from the Kasekela chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes
schweinfurthii) community in Gombe National Park, Tanzania,
to test the hypothesis that male aggression toward females
increases male reproductive success. We examined the effect
of male aggression toward females during ovarian cycling,
including periods when the females were sexually receptive
(swollen) and periods when they were not. We found that,
after controlling for confounding factors, male aggression
during a female?s swollen periods was positively correlated
with copulation frequency. However, aggression toward
swollen females was not predictive of paternity. Instead,
aggression by high-ranking males toward females during their
nonswollen periods was positively associated with likelihood
of paternity. This indicates that long-term patterns
of intimidation allow high-ranking males to increase their
reproductive success, supporting the sexual coercion
hypothesis. To our knowledge, this is the first study to
present genetic evidence of sexual coercion as an adaptive
strategy in a social mammal.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2014.10.039},
Key = {fds328300}
}
@misc{fds363983,
Author = {Herr, NR and Keenan-Miller, D and Rosenthal, MZ and Feldblum,
J},
Title = {Negative interpersonal events mediate the relation between
borderline features and aggressive behavior: findings from a
nonclinical sample of undergraduate women.},
Journal = {Personal Disord},
Volume = {4},
Number = {3},
Pages = {254-260},
Year = {2013},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0032212},
Abstract = {Interpersonal dysfunction and aggression are features that
are frequently found in individuals with borderline
personality disorder (BPD); however, few studies have
examined the possible causal relationship between aggressive
actions and interpersonal problems. In a nonclinical sample
of 98 women with a range of BPD features, the present study
examined the prospective relationship between aggressive
behaviors and negative interpersonal events using a weekly
diary method. Results showed that higher BPD symptoms were
related to higher aggression and more negative interpersonal
events. Furthermore, the aggressive acts endorsed among
women with more BPD features were more likely the effect,
rather than the cause, of the negative interpersonal events
they experienced. Implications for interventions targeting
aggression among women with elevated BPD features and
suggestions for future research are discussed.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0032212},
Key = {fds363983}
}
%% Ferrans, Morgan
@article{fds355448,
Author = {Hare, B and Ferrans, M},
Title = {Is cognition the secret to working dog success?},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {24},
Number = {2},
Pages = {231-237},
Year = {2021},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-021-01491-7},
Abstract = {Dogs' special relationship with humans not only makes them
ubiquitous in our lives, but working dogs specifically
perform essential functions for us such as sniffing out
bombs and pulling wheelchairs for the disabled. To enhance
the performance of working dogs, it is essential to
understand the cognitive skills that underlie and lead to
their success. This review details recent work in the field
of canine cognition, including how dogs have evolved
socio-cognitive skills that mimic or, in some cases, rival
even our closest primate relatives. We review how these
findings have laid the foundation for new studies that hope
to help enhance working dog programs. This includes work
that has begun to reveal the development and stability of
the most important traits for service work. Discoveries like
these suggest the possibility of translating what we have
learned to improve breeding, selection, and training for
these jobs. The latest research we review here shows promise
in contributing to the production of better dogs and,
consequently, more help for people.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-021-01491-7},
Key = {fds355448}
}
%% Foerster, Steffen
@article{Foerster2012b,
Author = {Foerster, S. and Wilkie, D. S. and Morelli, G. A. and Demmer, J. and Starkey, M. and Telfer, P. and Steil, M. and Lewbel, A.},
Title = {Correlates of bushmeat hunting among remote rural households
in Gabon, Central Africa},
Journal = {Conservation Biology},
Volume = {26},
Pages = {335--344},
Year = {2012},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01802.x},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01802.x},
Key = {Foerster2012b}
}
@article{Foerster2012a,
Author = {Foerster, S. and Cords, M. and Monfort, S.
L.},
Title = {Seasonal energetic stress in a tropical forest primate:
proximate causes and evolutionary implications},
Journal = {Plos One},
Volume = {7},
Pages = {e50108},
Year = {2012},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050108},
Doi = {doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050108},
Key = {Foerster2012a}
}
@article{Foerster2011b,
Author = {Foerster, S. and Wilkie, D. S. and Morelli, G. A. and Demmer, J. and Starkey, M. and Telfer, P. and Steil,
M.},
Title = {Human livelihoods and protected areas in Gabon: A
cross-sectional comparison of welfare and consumption
patterns},
Journal = {Oryx},
Volume = {45},
Number = {3},
Pages = {347--356},
Year = {2011},
Key = {Foerster2011b}
}
@article{Foerster2011a,
Author = {Foerster, S. and Cords, M. and Monfort, S.
L.},
Title = {Social behavior, foraging strategies and fecal
glucocorticoids in female blue monkeys (Cercopithecus
mitis): Potential fitness benefits of high rank in a forest
guenon},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {73},
Number = {9},
Pages = {870--882},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20955},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.20955},
Key = {Foerster2011a}
}
@article{Foerster2010a,
Author = {Foerster, S. and Cords, M. and Monfort, S.},
Title = {Metabolic but not psychological stressors modulate temporal
and inter-individual variation in fecal glucocorticoid
levels among wild female Cercopithecus mitis in two Kenyan
populations},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {72},
Number = {S1},
Pages = {73},
Year = {2010},
Abstract = {As important mediators of physiological stress responses,
glucocorticoids can be used to assess the fitness
consequences of environmental and behavioral variation in
wild vertebrates. We summarize results from a study that
investigated the relative contributions of daily life
psychological and metabolic stressors to modulating fecal
glucocorticoids (fGCs) in 32 wild female blue and Sykes'
monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis) in three social groups
inhabiting two forested sites in Kenya. We collected >5,700
fecal samples and >6,000 hours of behavioral data over one
year. We analyzed temporal variation with general linear
mixed models, investigated interaction terms in posthoc
analyses, and used non-parametric statistics to assess the
correlates of individual differences. Results were
considered significant if P<0.05. While in any month fGCs
were higher for pregnant than non-pregnant,
non-lactatingfemales, changes across months were
indistinguishable for both classes of females. Females
excreted more GCs when the availability of high quality food
was low, while agonistic and affiliative interactions had no
influence on temporal GC variation. Similarly,
inter-individual differences in fGCs were best explained by
exposure to metabolic, not psychological stressors. When
resource access was skewed towards high-ranking females,
low-ranking females showed elevated fGCs. Overall, evidence
suggests that despite the tropical forest environment and
dietary flexibility, metabolic challenges may influence life
history parameters such as timing of infant independence and
interbirth intervals, providing potential fitness benefits
to high-ranking females.},
Key = {Foerster2010a}
}
@article{Foerster2010b,
Author = {Foerster, S. and Monfort, S. L.},
Title = {Fecal glucocorticoids as indicators of metabolic stress in
female Sykes' monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis
albogularis)},
Journal = {Hormones and Behavior},
Volume = {58},
Pages = {685--697},
Year = {2010},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.06.002},
Doi = {doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.06.002},
Key = {Foerster2010b}
}
@article{Foerster2008,
Author = {Foerster, S.},
Title = {Two incidents of venomous snakebite on juvenile blue and
Sykes monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni and C.m.
albogularis)},
Journal = {Primates},
Volume = {49},
Number = {4},
Pages = {300--303},
Address = {Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut \& Environm Biol, New York,
NY 10027 USA.Foerster, S, Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut \&
Environm Biol, 1200 Amsterdam Ave,10th Floor Schermerhorn
Extens, New York, NY 10027 USA.sf2041@columbia.edu},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {0032-8332},
url = {://000260319000011},
Keywords = {Cercopithecus mitis Predation Snake bite Social play VIPER
BITIS-GABONICA PLAY},
Abstract = {Although rarely observed, predation is thought to be an
important factor in the evolution of primate life histories
and behavior. Here I describe two incidents of snake
predation on Cercopithecus mitis guenons from Kenya. The
first case involved a juvenile blue monkey (Cercopithecus
mitis stuhlmanni) in the Kakamega Forest, which died
following a bite by a Gaboon viper (Bitis gabonica
gabonica). The snake's attempts to ingest its prey were
unsuccessful. In the second incident, a juvenile Sykes
monkey (Cercopithecus mitis albogularis) at Gede Ruins
National Monument died suddenly after suffering symptoms
that are characteristic of bites inflicted by black mambas
(Dendroaspis polylepis). In both cases circumstantial
evidence suggests that attacks occurred during extended play
sessions in dense vegetation on or near the ground. If so,
the observations support the hypothesis that play may be a
costly activity.},
Language = {English},
Doi = {10.1007/s10329-008-0098-x},
Key = {Foerster2008}
}
%% Fogel, Arielle
@article{fds362373,
Author = {Galezo, AA and Nolas, MA and Fogel, AS and Mututua, RS and Warutere, JK and Siodi, IL and Altmann, J and Archie, EA and Tung, J and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Mechanisms of inbreeding avoidance in a wild
primate.},
Journal = {Current Biology : Cb},
Volume = {32},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1607-1615.e4},
Year = {2022},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.082},
Abstract = {Inbreeding often imposes net fitness costs,<sup>1-5</sup>
leading to the expectation that animals will engage in
inbreeding avoidance when the costs of doing so are not
prohibitive.<sup>4-9</sup> However, one recent meta-analysis
indicates that animals of many species do not avoid mating
with kin in experimental settings,<sup>6</sup> and another
reports that behavioral inbreeding avoidance generally
evolves only when kin regularly encounter each other and
inbreeding costs are high.<sup>9</sup> These results raise
questions about the processes that separate kin, how these
processes depend on kin class and context, and whether kin
classes differ in how effectively they avoid inbreeding via
mate choice-in turn, demanding detailed demographic and
behavioral data within individual populations. Here, we
address these questions in a wild mammal population, the
baboons of the Amboseli ecosystem in Kenya. We find that
death and dispersal are very effective at separating
opposite-sex pairs of close adult kin. Nonetheless, adult
kin pairs do sometimes co-reside, and we find strong
evidence for inbreeding avoidance via mate choice in kin
classes with relatedness ≥0.25. Notably, maternal kin
avoid inbreeding more effectively than paternal kin despite
having identical coefficients of relatedness, pointing to
kin discrimination as a potential constraint on effective
inbreeding avoidance. Overall, demographic and behavioral
processes ensure that inbred offspring are rare in
undisturbed social groups (1% of offspring). However, in an
anthropogenically disturbed social group with reduced male
dispersal, we find inbreeding rates 10× higher. Our study
reinforces the importance of demographic and behavioral
contexts for understanding the evolution of inbreeding
avoidance.<sup>9</sup>.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.082},
Key = {fds362373}
}
@article{fds358979,
Author = {Fogel, AS and McLean, EM and Gordon, JB and Archie, EA and Tung, J and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Genetic ancestry predicts male-female affiliation in a
natural baboon hybrid zone.},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {180},
Pages = {249-268},
Year = {2021},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.07.009},
Abstract = {Opposite-sex social relationships are important predictors
of fitness in many animals, including several group-living
mammals. Consequently, understanding sources of variance in
the tendency to form opposite-sex relationships is important
for understanding social evolution. Genetic contributions
are of particular interest due to their importance in
long-term evolutionary change, but little is known about
genetic effects on male-female relationships in social
mammals, especially outside of the mating context. Here, we
investigate the effects of genetic ancestry on male-female
affiliative behaviour in a hybrid zone between the yellow
baboon, <i>Papio cynocephalus</i>, and the anubis baboon,
<i>Papio anubis</i>, in a population in which male-female
social bonds are known predictors of life span. We place our
analysis within the context of other social and demographic
predictors of affiliative behaviour in baboons. Genetic
ancestry was the most consistent predictor of opposite-sex
affiliative behaviour we observed, with the exception of
strong effects of dominance rank. Our results show that
increased anubis genetic ancestry is associated with a
subtle, but significantly higher, probability of
opposite-sex affiliative behaviour, in both males and
females. Additionally, pairs of anubis-like males and
anubis-like females were the most likely to socially
affiliate, resulting in moderate assortativity in grooming
and proximity behaviour as a function of genetic ancestry.
Our findings indicate that opposite-sex affiliative
behaviour partially diverged during baboon evolution to
differentiate yellow and anubis baboons, despite overall
similarities in their social structures and mating systems.
Furthermore, they suggest that affiliative behaviour may
simultaneously promote and constrain baboon admixture,
through additive and assortative effects of ancestry,
respectively.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.07.009},
Key = {fds358979}
}
@article{fds363041,
Author = {Vilgalys, T and Fogel, A and Mututua, R and Kinyua Warutere and J and Siodi, L and Anderson, J and Kim, SY and Voyles, T and Robinson, J and Wall, J and Archie, E and Alberts, S and Tung, J},
Title = {Selection against admixture and gene regulatory divergence
in a long-term primate field study},
Volume = {377},
Number = {6606},
Pages = {635-641},
Year = {2021},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.19.456711},
Abstract = {Admixture has profoundly influenced evolution across the
tree of life, including in humans and other primates 1,2 .
However, we have limited insight into the genetic and
phenotypic consequences of admixture in primates, especially
during its key early stages. Here, we address this gap by
combining 50 years of field observations with population and
functional genomic data from yellow ( Papio cynocephalus )
and anubis ( P. anubis ) baboons in Kenya, in a
longitudinally studied population that has experienced both
historical and recent admixture 3 . We use whole-genome
sequencing to characterize the extent of the hybrid zone,
estimate local ancestry for 442 known individuals, and
predict the landscape of introgression across the genome.
Despite no major fitness costs to hybrids, we identify
signatures of selection against introgression that are
strikingly similar to those described for archaic hominins
4–6 . These signatures are strongest near loci with large
ancestry effects on gene expression, supporting the
importance of gene regulation in primate evolution and the
idea that selection targeted large regulatory effects
following archaic hominin admixture 7,8 . Our results show
that genomic data and field observations of hybrids are
important and mutually informative. They therefore
demonstrate the value of other primates as living models for
phenomena that we cannot observe in our own
lineage.},
Doi = {10.1101/2021.08.19.456711},
Key = {fds363041}
}
@article{fds358980,
Author = {Levy, EJ and Zipple, MN and McLean, E and Campos, FA and Dasari, M and Fogel, AS and Franz, M and Gesquiere, LR and Gordon, JB and Grieneisen,
L and Habig, B and Jansen, DJ and Learn, NH and Weibel, CJ and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC and Archie, EA},
Title = {A comparison of dominance rank metrics reveals multiple
competitive landscapes in an animal society.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological
Sciences},
Volume = {287},
Number = {1934},
Pages = {20201013},
Year = {2020},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1013},
Abstract = {Across group-living animals, linear dominance hierarchies
lead to disparities in access to resources, health outcomes
and reproductive performance. Studies of how dominance rank
predicts these traits typically employ one of several
dominance rank metrics without examining the assumptions
each metric makes about its underlying competitive
processes. Here, we compare the ability of two dominance
rank metrics-simple ordinal rank and proportional or
'standardized' rank-to predict 20 traits in a wild baboon
population in Amboseli, Kenya. We propose that simple
ordinal rank best predicts traits when competition is
density-dependent, whereas proportional rank best predicts
traits when competition is density-independent. We found
that for 75% of traits (15/20), one rank metric performed
better than the other. Strikingly, all male traits were best
predicted by simple ordinal rank, whereas female traits were
evenly split between proportional and simple ordinal rank.
Hence, male and female traits are shaped by different
competitive processes: males are largely driven by
density-dependent resource access (e.g. access to oestrous
females), whereas females are shaped by both
density-independent (e.g. distributed food resources) and
density-dependent resource access. This method of comparing
how different rank metrics predict traits can be used to
distinguish between different competitive processes
operating in animal societies.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2020.1013},
Key = {fds358980}
}
@article{fds363042,
Author = {Fogel, A and McLean, E and Gordon, J and Archie, E and Tung, J and Alberts,
S},
Title = {Genetic ancestry predicts male-female affiliation in a
natural baboon hybrid zone},
Year = {2020},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.28.358002},
Abstract = {<h4>ABSTRACT</h4> Opposite-sex social relationships are
important predictors of fitness in many animals, including
several group-living mammals. Consequently, understanding
sources of variance in the tendency to form opposite-sex
relationships is important for understanding social
evolution. Genetic contributions are of particular interest
due to their importance in long-term evolutionary change,
but little is known about genetic effects on male-female
relationships in social mammals, especially outside of the
mating context. Here, we investigate the effects of genetic
ancestry on male-female affiliative behavior in a hybrid
zone between the yellow baboon ( Papio cynocephalus ) and
the anubis baboon ( P. anubis ), in a population in which
male-female social bonds are known predictors of lifespan.
We place our analysis within the context of other social and
demographic predictors of affiliative behavior in baboons.
Genetic ancestry was the most consistent predictor of
opposite-sex affiliative behavior we observed, with the
exception of strong effects of dominance rank. Our results
show that increased anubis genetic ancestry is associated
with subtly, but significantly higher rates of opposite-sex
affiliative behavior, in both males and females.
Additionally, pairs of anubis-like males and anubis-like
females were the most likely to socially affiliate,
resulting in moderate assortativity in grooming and
proximity behavior as a function of genetic ancestry. Our
findings indicate that opposite-sex affiliative behavior
partially diverged during baboon evolution to differentiate
yellow and anubis baboons, despite overall similarities in
their social structures and mating systems. Further, they
suggest that affiliative behavior may simultaneously promote
and constrain baboon admixture, through additive and
assortative effects of ancestry, respectively.
<h4>HIGHLIGHTS</h4> Opposite-sex social relationships can
have important fitness consequences. In hybrid baboons,
genetic ancestry predicted male-female affiliative behavior.
Both an individual’s genetic ancestry and that of its
social partner mattered. Male-female affiliation was
assortative with respect to genetic ancestry. Dominance rank
and group demography also influenced male-female social
affiliation.},
Doi = {10.1101/2020.10.28.358002},
Key = {fds363042}
}
%% Fulwood, Ethan
@misc{fds323890,
Author = {Fulwood, EL and Boyer, DM and Kay, RF},
Title = {Stem members of Platyrrhini are distinct from catarrhines in
at least one derived cranial feature.},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {100},
Pages = {16-24},
Year = {2016},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.08.001},
Abstract = {The pterion, on the lateral aspect of the cranium, is where
the zygomatic, frontal, sphenoid, squamosal, and parietal
bones approach and contact. The configuration of these bones
distinguishes New and Old World anthropoids: most extant
platyrrhines exhibit contact between the parietal and
zygomatic bones, while all known catarrhines exhibit
frontal-alisphenoid contact. However, it is thought that
early stem-platyrrhines retained the apparently primitive
catarrhine condition. Here we re-evaluate the condition of
key fossil taxa using μCT (micro-computed tomography)
imaging. The single known specimen of Tremacebus and an
adult cranium of Antillothrix exhibit the typical
platyrrhine condition of parietal-zygomatic contact. The
same is true of one specimen of Homunculus, while a second
specimen has the 'catarrhine' condition. When these new data
are incorporated into an ancestral state reconstruction,
they support the conclusion that pterion frontal-alisphenoid
contact characterized the last common ancestor of crown
anthropoids and that contact between the parietal and
zygomatic is a synapomorphy of Platyrrhini.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.08.001},
Key = {fds323890}
}
%% Gilby, Ian C
@article{fds175245,
Author = {Gilby, I. C. and Emery Thompson and M., Ruane and J., Wrangham and R.W.},
Title = {No evidence of short-term exchange of meat for sex among
chimpanzees},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {59},
Pages = {44-53},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds175245}
}
@misc{fds175280,
Author = {Gilby, I.C.},
Title = {Nonkin cooperation: reciprocity, markets and
mutualism},
Booktitle = {Evolution of Primate Societies.},
Editor = {Mitani, J. and Call, J. and Kappeler, P. and Palombit, R. and Silk,
J},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds175280}
}
@misc{fds175281,
Author = {Gilby, I. C. and Connor, R. C.},
Title = {The role of intelligence in group hunting: Are chimpanzees
different from other social predators?},
Booktitle = {The Mind of the Chimpanzee: Ecological and Experimental
Perspectives},
Publisher = {Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press},
Editor = {Lonsdorf, E. V. and Ross, S. R. and Matsuzawa,
T},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds175281}
}
@article{fds175271,
Author = {Foster, M.W. and Gilby, I.C. and Murray, C.M. and Johnson, A. and Wroblewski, E.E. and Pusey, A.E.},
Title = {Alpha male chimpanzee grooming patterns: implications for
dominance ‘style’},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {71},
Pages = {136-144},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds175271}
}
@article{fds175272,
Author = {Tennie, C. and Gilby, I.C. and Mundry, R.},
Title = {The meat-scrap hypothesis: small quantities of meat may
promote cooperative hunting in wild chimpanzees},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Volume = {63},
Pages = {421-431},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds175272}
}
@article{fds175247,
Author = {Gilby, I.C. and Wrangham, R.W.},
Title = {Association patterns among wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes
schweinfurthii) reflect sex differences in
cooperation},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Volume = {62},
Pages = {1831-1842},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds175247}
}
@article{fds175248,
Author = {Gilby, I.C. and Eberly, L.E. and Wrangham, R.W.},
Title = {Economic profitability of social predation among wild
chimpanzees: individual variation promotes
cooperation},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {75},
Pages = {351-360},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds175248}
}
@article{fds175273,
Author = {Crofoot, M.C. and Gilby, I. C. and Wikelski, M.C. and Kays,
R.W.},
Title = {Interaction location outweighs the competitive advantage of
numerical superiority in Cebus capucinus intergroup
contests},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
USA},
Volume = {105},
Pages = {577-581},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds175273}
}
@article{fds175274,
Author = {Murray C.M. and Gilby I.C. and Mane S.V. and Pusey
A.E.},
Title = {Adult male chimpanzees inherit maternal ranging
patterns},
Journal = {Current Biology},
Volume = {18},
Pages = {20-24},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds175274}
}
@article{fds175250,
Author = {Gilby, I.C. and Wrangham, R.W.},
Title = {Risk-prone hunting by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes
schweinfurthii) increases during periods of high diet
quality},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Volume = {61},
Pages = {1771-1779},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds175250}
}
@article{fds175275,
Author = {Wrangham, R.W. and Crofoot M.C. and Lundy R. and Gilby
I.C.},
Title = {Use of overlap zones in group-living primates: a test of the
risk hypothesis},
Journal = {Behaviour},
Volume = {44},
Pages = {1599-1619},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds175275}
}
@article{fds175276,
Author = {Emery Thompson and M., Kahlenberg and S.M., Gilby and I.C. and Wrangham, R.W.},
Title = {Within-community variation in habitat quality accounts for
variance in reproductive success among female chimpanzees at
Kibale National Park, Uganda},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {73},
Pages = {501-512},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds175276}
}
@article{fds175251,
Author = {Gilby, I.C. and Eberly, L.E. and Pintea, L. and Pusey,
A.E.},
Title = {Ecological and social influences on the hunting behaviour of
wild chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii.},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {72},
Pages = {169-180},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds175251}
}
@article{fds175278,
Author = {Gilby, I.C.},
Title = {Meat sharing among the Gombe chimpanzees: Harassment and
reciprocal exchange},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {71},
Pages = {953-963},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds175278}
}
@article{fds175279,
Author = {Stevens, J.R. and Gilby, I.C.},
Title = {A conceptual framework for non-kin food sharing: timing and
currency of benefits},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {67},
Pages = {603-614},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds175279}
}
%% Glander, Kenneth E.
@article{fds349911,
Author = {Runestad Connour and J and Glander, KE},
Title = {Sexual dimorphism and growth in Alouatta palliata based on
20+ years of field data.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {172},
Number = {4},
Pages = {545-566},
Year = {2020},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24055},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Alouatta palliata patterns of growth and
sexual dimorphism are evaluated using 20 plus years of field
data. Comparisons are made to other species of Alouatta and
other New World primates.<h4>Materials and
methods</h4>Records of 92 A. palliata from Guanacaste
Province, Costa Rica, were used to generate growth curves
for body mass and linear measurements. Timing of growth for
the properties was compared, and males and females were
contrasted. Slopes and elevations for periods of rapid
growth were evaluated. Growth allometry and proportion
ratios were also explored.<h4>Results</h4>Body mass growth
is rapid during the first 2 years. Males and females begin
to diverge around a year of age as male growth increases and
female growth slows. Adult mass for both is reached about
4 years of age. Linear measurements show rapid growth the
first 18 months for both sexes. Differences develop as
males continue the same rate of linear growth while female
growth slows. Adult size is reached for head and body length
around 3 years, and for hind-foot and tail lengths around
2 years.<h4>Discussion</h4>A. palliata males grow in mass
more rapidly than females, while both grow similarly in
linear dimensions, so that dimorphism is more pronounced in
mass. This pattern is seen in other dimorphic New World
primates. Male A. palliata may grow more rapidly than A.
seniculus, reflecting earlier emigration for A. palliata
males. Linear dimensions reach adult proportions earlier
than body mass. For hind-foot and tail, this is probably an
adaptation for gripping.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.24055},
Key = {fds349911}
}
@article{fds350295,
Author = {Thompson, CL and Williams, SH and Glander, KE and Teaford, MF and Vinyard, CJ},
Title = {Getting Humans Off Monkeys' Backs: Can Ecophysiological
Research Inform Primate Conservation and Habitat Management
Efforts?},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {60},
Number = {2},
Pages = {E233-E233},
Year = {2020},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa048},
Abstract = {Wild primates face grave conservation challenges, with
habitat loss and climate change projected to cause mass
extinctions in the coming decades. As large-bodied
Neotropical primates, mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta
palliata) are predicted to fare poorly under climate change,
yet are also known for their resilience in a variety of
environments, including highly disturbed habitats. We
utilized ecophysiology research on this species to determine
the morphological, physiological, and behavioral mechanisms
howlers employ to overcome ecological challenges. Our data
show that howlers at La Pacifica, Costa Rica are capable of
modifying body size. Howlers displayed reduced mass in
warmer, drier habitats, seasonal weight changes, frequent
within-lifetime weight fluctuations, and gradual increases
in body mass over the past four decades. These
within-lifetime changes indicate a capacity to modify
morphology in a way that can impact animals' energetics and
thermodynamics. Howlers are also able to consume foods with
a wide variety of food material properties by altering oral
processing during feeding. While this capability suggests
some capacity to cope with the phenological shifts expected
from climate change and increased habitat fragmentation,
data on rates of dental microwear warn that these
acclimations may also cost dental longevity. Lastly, we
found that howlers are able to acclimate to changing thermal
pressures. On shorter-term daily scales, howlers use
behavioral mechanisms to thermoregulate, including timing
activities to avoid heat stress and utilizing cool
microhabitats. At the seasonal scale, animals employ
hormonal pathways to influence heat production. These lines
of evidence cumulatively indicate that howlers possess
morphological, physiological, and behavioral mechanisms to
acclimate to environmental challenges. As such, howlers'
plasticity may facilitate their resilience to climate change
and habitat loss. While habitat loss in the tropics is
unlikely to abate, our results point to a potential benefit
of active management and selective cultivation to yield
large, interconnected forest fragments with targeted
phenology that provides both a complex physical structure
and a diversity of food sources. These steps could assist
howlers in using their natural acclimation potential to
survive future conservation threats.},
Doi = {10.1093/icb/icaa048},
Key = {fds350295}
}
@article{fds343705,
Author = {Irwin, MT and Samonds, KE and Raharison, J-L and Junge, RE and Mahefarisoa, KL and Rasambainarivo, F and Godfrey, LR and Glander,
KE},
Title = {Morphometric signals of population decline in diademed
sifakas occupying degraded rainforest habitat in
Madagascar.},
Journal = {Scientific reports},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {8776},
Year = {2019},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-45426-2},
Abstract = {Anthropogenic habitat change can have varied impacts on
primates, including both negative and positive outcomes.
Even when behavioural shifts are seen, they may reflect
decreased health, or simply behavioural flexibility;
understanding this distinction is important for conservation
efforts. This study examines habitat-related variation in
adult and immature morphometrics among diademed sifakas
(Propithecus diadema). We collected morphometric data from
sifakas at Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar (19 years, 188 captures,
113 individuals). Captures spanned 12 groups, five within
continuous forest ("CONT"), and seven in degraded fragments
("FRAG") where sifakas have lower nutritional intakes. Few
consistent differences were found between CONT and FRAG
groups. However, using home range quality as a covariate
rather than a CONT/FRAG dichotomy revealed a threshold: the
two FRAG groups in the lowest-quality habitat showed low
adult mass and condition (wasting), and low immature mass
and length (stunting). Though less-disturbed fragments
apparently provide viable habitat, we suggest the sifakas in
the most challenging habitats cannot evolve fast enough to
keep up with such rapid habitat change. We suggest other
long-lived organisms will show similar morphometric "warning
signs" (wasting in adults, stunting in immatures); selected
morphometric variables can thus be useful at gauging
vulnerability of populations in the face of anthropogenic
change.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-45426-2},
Key = {fds343705}
}
@article{fds347599,
Author = {Ramsier, M and Cunningham, A and Patiño, M and Glander, K and Dominy,
N},
Title = {Audiograms of howling monkeys: are extreme loud calls the
result of runaway selection?},
Year = {2019},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/539023},
Abstract = {Abstract The eponymous vocalizations of howling monkeys
(genus Alouatta ) are associated with territorial defense
and male-male competition, yet the extreme loudness of
howls, which are among the loudest vocalizations of any
terrestrial mammal, have yet to be fully explained. Loudness
facilitates long-distance sound propagation but the
effectiveness of any vocal signal depends in part on the
auditory capabilities of the intended receiver, and the
auditory sensitivities of howling monkeys are unknown. To
better understand the evolution of loud calls, we used the
auditory brainstem response (ABR) method to estimate the
auditory sensitivities of Alouatta palliata . The mean
estimated audiogram of four wild-caught adults displayed a
w-shaped pattern with two regions of enhanced sensitivity
centered at 0.7-1.0 and 11.3 kHz. The lower-frequency region
of auditory sensitivity is pitched moderately higher than
the fundamental frequencies of howling, whereas the
higher-frequency region corresponds well with harmonics in
an infant distress call, the wrah-ha . Fitness advantages
from detecting infants amid low-frequency background noise,
including howling, could explain the incongruity between our
ABR thresholds and the fundamental frequencies of howling.
Attending to infant calls is expected to enhance
reproductive success within an infanticidal genus, and we
suggest that the extraordinary loudness of male howling is
an indirect (runaway) result of positive feedback between
the selective pressures of hearing infant distress calls and
deterring infanticide.},
Doi = {10.1101/539023},
Key = {fds347599}
}
@article{fds340587,
Author = {Fernandez-Duque, M and Chapman, CA and Glander, KE and Fernandez-Duque, E},
Title = {Darting Primates: Steps Toward Procedural and Reporting
Standards},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {39},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1009-1016},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2018},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-017-9963-z},
Abstract = {Darting, a common method of capturing wild primates, poses
risks to the individuals that must be appropriately
minimized. A recent article in the International Journal of
Primatology by Cunningham et al. (International Journal of
Primatology, 36(5), 894–915, 2015) presented a literature
review of the reporting of darting procedures in primatology
and anonymously surveyed primatologists on darting methods
and their effects, to report general trends in the field. We
quantitatively reexamined 29 articles described by the
authors as having information on fatalities and/or injuries.
We think that the various body masses of primates
(1 kg–150 kg), along with their locations and habitat
types, and the degree of experience of the darting team,
should be considered when estimating mortality and injury
rates, and thus preclude the computation of an average
mortality value across taxa. Nevertheless, we computed an
average (mean) for comparison with the previous analyses.
Our mean estimated mortality rate was 2.5% and the mean
estimated injury risk was 1.5% (N = 21 articles). Thus,
our estimated mortality rate is smaller than the combined
mortality and injury rate of 5% reported by Cunningham et
al. (International Journal of Primatology, 36(5), 894–915,
2015) and smaller than the mortality rates of medium-sized
terrestrial mammals they used for comparison. Our study
strongly suggests the critical need for more data to be
analyzed in a standardized fashion.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-017-9963-z},
Key = {fds340587}
}
@article{fds335472,
Author = {Clayton, JB and Al-Ghalith, GA and Long, HT and Tuan, BV and Cabana, F and Huang, H and Vangay, P and Ward, T and Minh, VV and Tam, NA and Dat, NT and Travis, DA and Murtaugh, MP and Covert, H and Glander, KE and Nadler, T and Toddes, B and Sha, JCM and Singer, R and Knights, D and Johnson,
TJ},
Title = {Associations Between Nutrition, Gut Microbiome, and Health
in A Novel Nonhuman Primate Model.},
Journal = {Scientific reports},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Pages = {11159},
Year = {2018},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29277-x},
Abstract = {Red-shanked doucs (Pygathrix nemaeus) are endangered,
foregut-fermenting colobine primates which are difficult to
maintain in captivity. There are critical gaps in our
understanding of their natural lifestyle, including dietary
habits such as consumption of leaves, unripe fruit, flowers,
seeds, and other plant parts. There is also a lack of
understanding of enteric adaptations, including their unique
microflora. To address these knowledge gaps, we used the
douc as a model to study relationships between
gastrointestinal microbial community structure and
lifestyle. We analyzed published fecal samples as well as
detailed dietary history from doucs with four distinct
lifestyles (wild, semi-wild, semi-captive, and captive) and
determined gastrointestinal bacterial microbiome composition
using 16S rRNA sequencing. A clear gradient of microbiome
composition was revealed along an axis of natural lifestyle
disruption, including significant associations with diet,
biodiversity, and microbial function. We also identified
potential microbial biomarkers of douc dysbiosis, including
Bacteroides and Prevotella, which may be related to health.
Our results suggest a gradient-like shift in captivity
causes an attendant shift to severe gut dysbiosis, thereby
resulting in gastrointestinal issues.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-018-29277-x},
Key = {fds335472}
}
@article{fds335473,
Author = {Clayton, JB and Gomez, A and Amato, K and Knights, D and Travis, DA and Blekhman, R and Knight, R and Leigh, S and Stumpf, R and Wolf, T and Glander, KE and Cabana, F and Johnson, TJ},
Title = {The gut microbiome of nonhuman primates: Lessons in ecology
and evolution.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {80},
Number = {6},
Pages = {e22867},
Year = {2018},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22867},
Abstract = {The mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) tract is home to
trillions of bacteria that play a substantial role in host
metabolism and immunity. While progress has been made in
understanding the role that microbial communities play in
human health and disease, much less attention has been given
to host-associated microbiomes in nonhuman primates (NHPs).
Here we review past and current research exploring the gut
microbiome of NHPs. First, we summarize methods for
characterization of the NHP gut microbiome. Then we discuss
variation in gut microbiome composition and function across
different NHP taxa. Finally, we highlight how studying the
gut microbiome offers new insights into primate nutrition,
physiology, and immune system function, as well as enhances
our understanding of primate ecology and evolution.
Microbiome approaches are useful tools for studying relevant
issues in primate ecology. Further study of the gut
microbiome of NHPs will offer new insight into primate
ecology and evolution as well as human health.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.22867},
Key = {fds335473}
}
@article{fds335474,
Author = {Irwin, MT and Samonds, KE and Raharison, J-L and Glander, KE and Godfrey, LR},
Title = {Reduced nutritional intakes in Diademed Sifakas (Propithecus
diadema) occupying degraded habitat are reflected in
morphometrics and growth - and help identify habitat
thresholds},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {130-130},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds335474}
}
@article{fds335475,
Author = {Pampush, JD and Morse, PE and Chester, SGB and Spradley, JP and Williams, BA and Glander, KE and Teaford, MF and Kay,
RF},
Title = {Dental Topography and Food Processing in Wild-Caught Costa
Rican Alouatta},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {198-198},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds335475}
}
@article{fds329380,
Author = {Thompson, CL and Powell, BL and Williams, SH and Hanya, G and Glander,
KE and Vinyard, CJ},
Title = {Thyroid hormone fluctuations indicate a thermoregulatory
function in both a tropical (Alouatta palliata) and
seasonally cold-habitat (Macaca fuscata)
primate.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {79},
Number = {11},
Year = {2017},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22714},
Abstract = {Thyroid hormones boost animals' basal metabolic rate and
represent an important thermoregulatory pathway for mammals
that face cold temperatures. Whereas the cold thermal
pressures experienced by primates in seasonal habitats at
high latitudes and elevations are often apparent, tropical
habitats also display distinct wet and dry seasons with
modest changes in thermal environment. We assessed seasonal
and temperature-related changes in thyroid hormone levels
for two primate species in disparate thermal environments,
tropical mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata), and seasonally
cold-habitat Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). We
collected urine and feces from animals and used ELISA to
quantify levels of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine
(fT<sub>3</sub> ). For both species, fT<sub>3</sub> levels
were significantly higher during the cooler season
(wet/winter), consistent with a thermoregulatory role.
Likewise, both species displayed greater temperature
deficits (i.e., the degree to which animals warm their body
temperature relative to ambient) during the cooler season,
indicating greater thermoregulatory pressures during this
time. Independently of season, Japanese macaques displayed
increasing fT<sub>3</sub> levels with decreasing recently
experienced maximum temperatures, but no relationship
between fT<sub>3</sub> and recently experienced minimum
temperatures. Howlers increased fT<sub>3</sub> levels as
recently experienced minimum temperatures decreased,
although demonstrated the opposite relationship with maximum
temperatures. This may reflect natural thermal variation in
howlers' habitat: wet seasons had cooler minimum and mean
temperatures than the dry season, but similar maximum
temperatures. Overall, our findings support the hypothesis
that both tropical howlers and seasonally cold-habitat
Japanese macaques utilize thyroid hormones as a mechanism to
boost metabolism in response to thermoregulatory pressures.
This implies that cool thermal pressures faced by tropical
primates are sufficient to invoke an energetically costly
and relatively longer-term thermoregulatory pathway. The
well-established relationship between thyroid hormones and
energetics suggests that the seasonal hormonal changes we
observed could influence many commonly studied behaviors
including food choice, range use, and activity
patterns.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.22714},
Key = {fds329380}
}
@article{fds333311,
Author = {Connour, JR and Nida, KM and Glander, KE},
Title = {Cancellous bone density in age-sorted atelines},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {162},
Pages = {340-340},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds333311}
}
@article{fds323459,
Author = {Thompson, CL and Scheidel, C and Glander, KE and Williams, SH and Vinyard, CJ},
Title = {An assessment of skin temperature gradients in a tropical
primate using infrared thermography and subcutaneous
implants.},
Journal = {Journal of thermal biology},
Volume = {63},
Pages = {49-57},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.11.005},
Abstract = {Infrared thermography has become a useful tool to assess
surface temperatures of animals for thermoregulatory
research. However, surface temperatures are an endpoint
along the body's core-shell temperature gradient. Skin and
fur are the peripheral tissues most exposed to ambient
thermal conditions and are known to serve as thermosensors
that initiate thermoregulatory responses. Yet relatively
little is known about how surface temperatures of wild
mammals measured by infrared thermography relate to
subcutaneous temperatures. Moreover, this relationship may
differ with the degree that fur covers the body. To assess
the relationship between temperatures and temperature
gradients in peripheral tissues between furred and bare
areas, we collected data from wild mantled howling monkeys
(Alouatta palliata) in Costa Rica. We used infrared
thermography to measure surface temperatures of the furred
dorsum and bare facial areas of the body, recorded
concurrent subcutaneous temperatures in the dorsum, and
measured ambient thermal conditions via a weather station.
Temperature gradients through cutaneous tissues
(subcutaneous-surface temperature) and surface temperature
gradients (surface-ambient temperature) were calculated. Our
results indicate that there are differences in temperatures
and temperature gradients in furred versus bare areas of
mantled howlers. Under natural thermal conditions
experienced by wild animals, the bare facial areas were
warmer than temperatures in the furred dorsum, and cutaneous
temperature gradients in the face were more variable than
the dorsum, consistent with these bare areas acting as
thermal windows. Cutaneous temperature gradients in the
dorsum were more closely linked to subcutaneous
temperatures, while facial temperature gradients were more
heavily influenced by ambient conditions. These findings
indicate that despite the insulative properties of fur, for
mantled howling monkeys surface temperatures of furred areas
still demonstrate a relationship with subcutaneous
temperatures. Given that most mammals possess dense fur,
this provides insight for using infrared imaging in
thermoregulatory studies of wild animals lacking bare
skin.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.11.005},
Key = {fds323459}
}
@article{fds322440,
Author = {Thompson, CL and Williams, SH and Glander, KE and Vinyard,
CJ},
Title = {Measuring Microhabitat Temperature in Arboreal Primates: A
Comparison of On-Animal and Stationary Approaches},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {37},
Number = {4-5},
Pages = {495-517},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-016-9917-x},
Abstract = {Arboreal primates actively navigate a complex thermal
environment that exhibits spatial, daily, and seasonal
temperature changes. Thus, temperature measurements from
stationary recording devices in or near a forest likely do
not reflect the thermal microenvironments that primates
actually experience. To better understand the thermal
variation primates encounter, we attached automated
temperature loggers to anklets worn by free-ranging mantled
howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) to record near-animal
ambient temperatures. We compared these measures to
conventional, stationary temperature measurements taken from
within the forest, in nearby open fields, and at a remote
weather station 38.6 km from the field site. We also
measured temperatures across vertical forest heights and
assessed the effects of wind speed, solar radiation, rain,
and vapor pressure on primate subcutaneous temperatures
(collected via implanted loggers). Ambient temperatures at
measurement sites commonly used by researchers differed from
those experienced by animals. Moreover, these differences
changed between seasons, indicating dynamic shifts in
thermal environment occur through space and time.
Temperatures increased with height in the forest, with
statistically significant, albeit low magnitude, differences
between vertical distances of one meter. Near-animal
temperatures showed that monkeys selected relatively warmer
microhabitats during nighttime temperature lows and
relatively cooler microhabitats during the day. Lastly, the
thermal variables wind speed, solar radiation, vapor
pressure, and rain were statistically associated with
primate subcutaneous temperatures. Our data indicate that
the temperatures arboreal primates experience are not well
reflected by stationary devices. Attaching automated
temperature loggers to animals provides a useful tool for
more directly assessing primate microhabitat
use.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-016-9917-x},
Key = {fds322440}
}
@article{fds322441,
Author = {Clayton, JB and Vangay, P and Huang, H and Ward, T and Hillmann, BM and Al-Ghalith, GA and Travis, DA and Long, HT and Tuan, BV and Minh, VV and Cabana, F and Nadler, T and Toddes, B and Murphy, T and Glander, KE and Johnson, TJ and Knights, D},
Title = {Captivity humanizes the primate microbiome.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {113},
Number = {37},
Pages = {10376-10381},
Year = {2016},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1521835113},
Abstract = {The primate gastrointestinal tract is home to trillions of
bacteria, whose composition is associated with numerous
metabolic, autoimmune, and infectious human diseases.
Although there is increasing evidence that modern and
Westernized societies are associated with dramatic loss of
natural human gut microbiome diversity, the causes and
consequences of such loss are challenging to study. Here we
use nonhuman primates (NHPs) as a model system for studying
the effects of emigration and lifestyle disruption on the
human gut microbiome. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in two
model NHP species, we show that although different primate
species have distinctive signature microbiota in the wild,
in captivity they lose their native microbes and become
colonized with Prevotella and Bacteroides, the dominant
genera in the modern human gut microbiome. We confirm that
captive individuals from eight other NHP species in a
different zoo show the same pattern of convergence, and that
semicaptive primates housed in a sanctuary represent an
intermediate microbiome state between wild and captive.
Using deep shotgun sequencing, chemical dietary analysis,
and chloroplast relative abundance, we show that decreasing
dietary fiber and plant content are associated with the
captive primate microbiome. Finally, in a meta-analysis
including published human data, we show that captivity has a
parallel effect on the NHP gut microbiome to that of
Westernization in humans. These results demonstrate that
captivity and lifestyle disruption cause primates to lose
native microbiota and converge along an axis toward the
modern human microbiome.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1521835113},
Key = {fds322441}
}
@article{fds322442,
Author = {Wallace, GL and Paquette, LB and Glander, KE},
Title = {A comparison of activity patterns for captive Propithecus
tattersalli and Propithecus coquereli.},
Journal = {Zoo biology},
Volume = {35},
Number = {2},
Pages = {128-136},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21258},
Abstract = {The activity patterns and social interactions of two species
of captive sifaka were observed during a 2-year period.
Allogrooming was not observed in golden-crowned sifaka and
they spent significantly more time resting than the
Coquerel's sifaka. Females of both species were found to be
dominant to males. The golden-crowned sifaka (Propithecus
tattersalli) spent significantly less time feeding than the
Coquerel's sifaka. Temperature, time of day, species, and
interpair comparisons for the golden-crowned sifaka were
found to affect activity and social interactions, while
gender did not. Like the Coquerel's sifaka, the
golden-crowned sifaka was found to be diurnal; however, they
differed in that the golden-crowned sifaka did not descend
to the ground.},
Doi = {10.1002/zoo.21258},
Key = {fds322442}
}
@article{fds324355,
Author = {Laub, EC and Yapuncich, GS and Glander, KE and Pusey,
AE},
Title = {Longitudinal body mass variation in wild primate
populations: are individuals or populations more
variable?},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {202-202},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds324355}
}
@article{fds321818,
Author = {Spradley, JP and Glander, KE and Kay, RF},
Title = {Dust in the wind: How climate variables and volcanic dust
affect rates of tooth wear in Central American howling
monkeys.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {159},
Number = {2},
Pages = {210-222},
Year = {2016},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22877},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Two factors have been considered
important contributors to tooth wear: dietary abrasives in
plant foods themselves and mineral particles adhering to
ingested food. Each factor limits the functional life of
teeth. Cross-population studies of wear rates in a single
species living in different habitats may point to the
relative contributions of each factor.<h4>Materials and
methods</h4>We examine macroscopic dental wear in
populations of Alouatta palliata (Gray, 1849) from Costa
Rica (115 specimens), Panama (19), and Nicaragua (56). The
sites differ in mean annual precipitation, with the
Panamanian sites receiving more than twice the precipitation
of those in Costa Rica or Nicaragua (∼3,500 mm vs.
∼1,500 mm). Additionally, many of the Nicaraguan specimens
were collected downwind of active plinian volcanoes. Molar
wear is expressed as the ratio of exposed dentin area to
tooth area; premolar wear was scored using a ranking
system.<h4>Results</h4>Despite substantial variation in
environmental variables and the added presence of ash in
some environments, molar wear rates do not differ
significantly among the populations. Premolar wear, however,
is greater in individuals collected downwind from active
volcanoes compared with those living in environments that
did not experience ash-fall.<h4>Discussion</h4>Volcanic ash
seems to be an important contributor to anterior tooth wear
but less so in molar wear. That wear is not found uniformly
across the tooth row may be related to malformation in the
premolars due to fluorosis. A surge of fluoride accompanying
the volcanic ash may differentially affect the premolars as
the molars fully mineralize early in the life of
Alouatta.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22877},
Key = {fds321818}
}
@misc{fds362082,
Author = {Glander, K},
Title = {On the ground looking up},
Pages = {46-56},
Booktitle = {Primate Ethnographies},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780205214662},
Key = {fds362082}
}
@article{fds240230,
Author = {Barrickman, NL and Schreier, AL and Glander, KE},
Title = {Testing parallel laser image scaling for remotely measuring
body dimensions on mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta
palliata).},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {77},
Number = {8},
Pages = {823-832},
Year = {2015},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22416},
Abstract = {Body size is a fundamental variable for many studies in
primate biology. However, obtaining body dimensions of wild
primates through live capture is difficult and costly, so
developing an alternative inexpensive and non-invasive
method is crucial. Parallel laser image scaling for remotely
measuring body size has been used with some success in
marine and terrestrial animals, but only one arboreal
primate. We further tested the efficacy of this method on
the arboreal mantled howling monkey (Alouatta palliata) in
La Pacifica, Costa Rica. We calculated interobserver error,
as well as the method's repeatability when measuring the
same animal on different occasions. We also compared
measurements obtained physically through live capture with
measurements obtained remotely using parallel laser image
scaling. Our results show that the different types of error
for the remote technique are minimal and comparable with the
error rates observed in physical methods, with the exception
of some dimensions that vary depending on the animals'
posture. We conclude that parallel laser image scaling can
be used to remotely obtain body dimensions if careful
consideration is given to factors such as species-specific
morphology and postural habits.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.22416},
Key = {fds240230}
}
@article{fds240233,
Author = {Thompson, CL and Williams, SH and Glander, KE and Teaford, MF and Vinyard, CJ},
Title = {Body temperature and thermal environment in a generalized
arboreal anthropoid, wild mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta
palliata).},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {154},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-10},
Year = {2014},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22505},
Abstract = {Free-ranging primates are confronted with the challenge of
maintaining an optimal range of body temperatures within a
thermally dynamic environment that changes daily,
seasonally, and annually. While many laboratory studies have
been conducted on primate thermoregulation, we know
comparatively little about the thermal pressures primates
face in their natural, evolutionarily relevant environment.
Such knowledge is critical to understanding the evolution of
thermal adaptations in primates and for comparative
evaluation of humans' unique thermal adaptations. We
examined temperature and thermal environment in
free-ranging, mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in
a tropical dry forest in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. We recorded
subcutaneous (Tsc ) and near-animal ambient temperatures (Ta
) from 11 animals over 1586.5 sample hours during wet and
dry seasons. Howlers displayed considerable variation in Tsc
, which was largely attributable to circadian effects.
Despite significant seasonal changes in the ambient thermal
environment, howlers showed relatively little evidence for
seasonal changes in Tsc . Howlers experienced warm thermal
conditions which led to body cooling relative to the
environment, and plateaus in Tsc at increasingly warm Ta .
They also frequently faced cool thermal conditions (Ta
< Tsc ) in which Tsc was markedly elevated compared
with Ta . These data add to a growing body of evidence that
non-human primates have more labile body temperatures than
humans. Our data additionally support a hypothesis that,
despite inhabiting a dry tropical environment, howling
monkeys experience both warm and cool thermal pressures.
This suggests that thermal challenges may be more prevalent
for primates than previously thought, even for species
living in nonextreme thermal environments.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22505},
Key = {fds240233}
}
@article{fds324702,
Author = {Glander, KE and Figueiro, MG and Jones, GE and Rea,
MS},
Title = {Circadian patterns for five species of lemurs at the Duke
Lemur Center},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {153},
Pages = {125-125},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds324702}
}
@article{fds323960,
Author = {Spradley, JP and Glander, KE and Kay, RF},
Title = {Environmental stress and molar wear in three populations of
mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {153},
Pages = {244-244},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds323960}
}
@article{fds240231,
Author = {Orihuela, G and Terborgh, J and Ceballos, N and Glander,
K},
Title = {When top-down becomes bottom up: behaviour of hyperdense
howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) trapped on a 0.6 ha
island.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {9},
Number = {4},
Pages = {e82197},
Editor = {Nascimento, FS},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0082197},
Abstract = {Predators are a ubiquitous presence in most natural
environments. Opportunities to contrast the behaviour of a
species in the presence and absence of predators are thus
rare. Here we report on the behaviour of howler monkey
groups living under radically different conditions on two
land-bridge islands in Lago Guri, Venezuela. One group of 6
adults inhabited a 190-ha island (Danto) where they were
exposed to multiple potential predators. This group, the
control, occupied a home range of 23 ha and contested access
to food resources with neighbouring groups in typical
fashion. The second group, containing 6 adults, was isolated
on a remote, predator-free 0.6 ha islet (Iguana) offering
limited food resources. Howlers living on the large island
moved, fed and rested in a coherent group, frequently
engaged in affiliative activities, rarely displayed
agonistic behaviour and maintained intergroup spacing
through howling. In contrast, the howlers on Iguana showed
repulsion, as individuals spent most of their time spaced
widely around the perimeter of the island. Iguana howlers
rarely engaged in affiliative behaviour, often chased or
fought with one another and were not observed to howl. These
behaviors are interpreted as adjustments to the unrelenting
deprivation associated with bottom-up limitation in a
predator-free environment.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0082197},
Key = {fds240231}
}
@article{fds240234,
Author = {Rea, MS and Figueiro, MG and Jones, GE and Glander,
KE},
Title = {Daily activity and light exposure levels for five species of
lemurs at the Duke Lemur Center.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {153},
Number = {1},
Pages = {68-77},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22409},
Keywords = {photic niche Daysimeter-D diurnal cathemeral
nocturnal},
Abstract = {Light is the primary synchronizer of all biological rhythms,
yet little is known about the role of the 24-hour luminous
environment on nonhuman primate circadian patterns, making
it difficult to understand the photic niche of the ancestral
primate. Here we present the first data on proximate
light-dark exposure and activity-rest patterns in
free-ranging nonhuman primates. Four individuals each of
five species of lemurs at the Duke Lemur Center (Eulemur
mongoz, Lemur catta, Propithecus coquereli, Varecia rubra,
and Varecia variegata variegata) were fitted with a
Daysimeter-D pendant that contained light and accelerometer
sensors. Our results reveal common as well as
species-specific light exposure and behavior patterns. As
expected, all five species were more active between sunrise
and sunset. All five species demonstrated an anticipatory
increase in their pre-sunrise activity that peaked at
sunrise with all but V. rubra showing a reduction within an
hour. All five species reduced activity during mid-day. Four
of the five stayed active after sunset, but P. coquereli
began reducing their activity about 2 hours before sunset.
Other subtle differences in the recorded light exposure and
activity patterns suggest species-specific photic niches and
behaviors. The eventual application of the Daysimeter-D in
the wild may help to better understand the adaptive
evolution of ancestral primates.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22409},
Key = {fds240234}
}
@article{fds240235,
Author = {Thompson, CL and Williams, SH and Glander, KE and Teaford, MF and Vinyard, CJ},
Title = {Too hot, too cold, or just right: Thermal challenges facing
mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in a dry
tropical forest.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {150},
Pages = {271-271},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000318043202385&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240235}
}
@misc{fds366886,
Author = {Glander, KE},
Title = {Darting, anesthesia, and handling},
Pages = {27-39},
Booktitle = {PRIMATE ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION: A HANDBOOK OF
TECHNIQUES},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press, pp 27-39.},
Editor = {Eleanor J. Sterling and Nora Bynum and Mary E.
Blair},
Year = {2013},
ISBN = {978-0-19-965945-6},
Abstract = {One of the most invasive things that !eld primatologists do
is to dart or trap wild individuals. Given its traumatic
impact, it is vital that each researcher evaluate the pros
and cons of capture. Does the research question(s) require
capture or is there another less stressful option? What are
the bene!ts and costs for the animals being captured and for
the researcher? These categories have very different goals,
but often can be combined for the bene!t of the targeted
species.},
Key = {fds366886}
}
@article{fds240296,
Author = {Vinyard, CJ and Glander, KE and Teaford, MF and Thompson, CL and Deffenbaugh, M and Williams, SH},
Title = {Methods for Studying the Ecological Physiology of Feeding in
Free-Ranging Howlers (Alouatta palliata) at La Pacifica,
Costa Rica},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {33},
Number = {3},
Pages = {611-631},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-012-9579-2},
Abstract = {We lack a general understanding of how primates perform
physiologically during feeding to cope with the challenges
of their natural environments. We here discuss several
methods for studying the ecological physiology of feeding in
mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata) at La Pacifica, Costa
Rica. Our initial physiological effort focuses on recording
electromyographic activity (EMG) from the jaw muscles in
free-ranging howlers while they feed in their natural forest
habitat. We integrate these EMG data with measurements of
food material properties, dental wear rates, as well as
spatial analyses of resource use and food distribution.
Future work will focus on incorporating physiological
measures of bone deformation, i. e., bone strain;
temperatures; food nutritional data; and hormonal analyses.
Collectively, these efforts will help us to better
understand the challenges that howlers face in their
environment and the physiological mechanisms they employ
during feeding. Our initial efforts provide a proof of
concept demonstrating the methodological feasibility of
studying the physiology of feeding in free-ranging primates.
Although howlers offer certain advantages to in vivo field
research, many of the approaches described here can be
applied to other primates in natural habitats. By collecting
physiological data simultaneously with ecological and
behavioral data, we will promote a more synthetic
understanding of primate feeding and its evolutionary
history. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media,
LLC.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-012-9579-2},
Key = {fds240296}
}
@article{fds240256,
Author = {Connour, JAR and Glander, KE},
Title = {Comparison of Alouatta male and female limb bone
properties},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {147},
Pages = {254-255},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000300498701150&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240256}
}
@article{fds240260,
Author = {Clayton, JB and Kim, HB and Glander, KE and Isaacson, RE and Johnson,
TJ},
Title = {Fecal bacterial diversity of the wild mantled howling monkey
(Alouatta palliata).},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {147},
Pages = {116-117},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000300498700162&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240260}
}
@article{fds240278,
Author = {Ramsier, M and Cunningham, AJ and Patino, M and Villanea, FA and Spoor,
F and Demes, B and Larson, S and Glander, KE and Talebi, M and Dominy,
NJ},
Title = {Hearing sensitivity and the evolution of acoustic
communication in platyrrhine monkeys},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {147},
Pages = {243-243},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000300498701102&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240278}
}
@article{fds240299,
Author = {Vinyard, CJ and Taylor, AB and Teaford, MF and Glander, KE and Ravosa,
MJ and Rossie, JB and Ryan, TM and Williams, SH},
Title = {Are we looking for loads in all the right places? New
research directions for studying the masticatory apparatus
of New World monkeys.},
Journal = {Anat Rec (Hoboken)},
Volume = {294},
Number = {12},
Pages = {2140-2157},
Year = {2011},
Month = {December},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22042540},
Keywords = {platyrrhines masticatory apparatus feeding},
Abstract = {New World monkeys display a wide range of masticatory
apparatus morphologies related to their diverse diets and
feeding strategies. While primatologists have completed many
studies of the platyrrhine masticatory apparatus,
particularly morphometric analyses, we collectively
acknowledge key shortcomings in our understanding of the
function and evolution of the platyrrhine feeding apparatus.
Our goal in this contribution is to review several recent,
and in most cases ongoing, efforts to address some of the
deficits in our knowledge of how the platyrrhine skull is
loaded during feeding. We specifically consider three broad
research areas: (1) in vivo physiological studies
documenting mandibular bone strains during feeding, (2)
metric analyses assessing musculoskeletal functional
morphology and performance, as well as (3) the initiation of
a physiological ecology of feeding that measures in vivo
masticatory mechanics in a natural environment. We draw
several conclusions from these brief reviews. First, we need
better documentation of in vivo strain patterns in the
platyrrhine skull during feeding given their empirical role
in developing adaptive hypotheses explaining masticatory
apparatus form. Second, the greater accuracy of new
technologies, such as CT scanning, will allow us to better
describe the functional consequences of jaw form. Third,
performance studies are generally lacking for platyrrhine
jaws, muscles, and teeth and offer exciting avenues for
linking form to feeding behavior and diet. Finally, attempts
to bridge distinct research agendas, such as collecting in
vivo physiological data during feeding in natural
environments, present some of the greatest opportunities for
novel insights into platyrrhine feeding biology.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.21512},
Key = {fds240299}
}
@article{fds240259,
Author = {Corewyn, LC and Clarke, MR and Glander, KE},
Title = {VARIATION IN MALE DOMINANCE RELATIONSHIPS IN TWO MULTIMALE
GROUPS OF MANTLED HOWLERS (ALOUATTA PALLIATA) AT LA
PACIFICA, COSTA RICA},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {73},
Pages = {98-98},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2011},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000293764600200&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240259}
}
@article{fds240300,
Author = {Clayton, JB and Glander, KE},
Title = {Dietary choices by four captive slender lorises (Loris
tardigradus) when presented with various insect life
stages.},
Journal = {Zoo biology},
Volume = {30},
Number = {2},
Pages = {189-198},
Year = {2011},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20872876},
Abstract = {The slender loris (Loris tardigradus) is a rare, nocturnal
prosimian found only in the tropical rainforest of southern
India and Sri Lanka. Little is known about their diet,
though it is assumed that insects comprise a majority of
their wild diet. Based on this assumption, captive lorises
are offered a variety of insects or insect life stages; the
species of insect or the life stage is often determined by
what is easiest to buy or rear. Captive lorises at the Duke
Lemur Center (DLC) were offered the opportunity to choose
which life stage of mealworms (Tenebrio molito), superworms
(Zophobus morio), or waxworms (Galleria mellonella) they
preferred. The DLC captive lorises did not select the
largest life stages of any insect offered. They preferred
the larvae stage to the adult stage in all three insect
species, and males and females had different insect species
and life stage preferences.},
Doi = {10.1002/zoo.20346},
Key = {fds240300}
}
@article{fds240298,
Author = {Hausner, MB and Suárez, F and Glander, KE and van de Giesen, N and Selker, JS and Tyler, SW},
Title = {Calibrating single-ended fiber-optic Raman spectra
distributed temperature sensing data.},
Journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)},
Volume = {11},
Number = {11},
Pages = {10859-10879},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1424-8220},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22346676},
Abstract = {Hydrologic research is a very demanding application of
fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) in terms
of precision, accuracy and calibration. The physics behind
the most frequently used DTS instruments are considered as
they apply to four calibration methods for single-ended DTS
installations. The new methods presented are more accurate
than the instrument-calibrated data, achieving accuracies on
the order of tenths of a degree root mean square error
(RMSE) and mean bias. Effects of localized non-uniformities
that violate the assumptions of single-ended calibration
data are explored and quantified. Experimental design
considerations such as selection of integration times or
selection of the length of the reference sections are
discussed, and the impacts of these considerations on
calibrated temperatures are explored in two case
studies.},
Doi = {10.3390/s111110859},
Key = {fds240298}
}
@article{fds240275,
Author = {Glander, KE and Vinyard, CJ and Williams, SH and Teaford,
MF},
Title = {Thermal imaging and iButtons: a novel use of two
technologies to quantify the daily thermal profiles of wild
howlers (Alouatta palliata) and their habitats at La
Pacifica, Costa Rica.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {144},
Pages = {143-143},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000288034000277&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240275}
}
@article{fds240345,
Author = {Goto, K and Fukuda, K and Senda, A and Saito, T and Kimura, K and Glander,
KE and Hinde, K and Dittus, W and Milligan, LA and Power, ML and Oftedal,
OT and Urashima, T},
Title = {Chemical characterization of oligosaccharides in the milk of
six species of New and Old World monkeys.},
Journal = {Glycoconjugate journal},
Volume = {27},
Number = {7-9},
Pages = {703-715},
Year = {2010},
Month = {October},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21127965},
Abstract = {Human and great ape milks contain a diverse array of milk
oligosaccharides, but little is known about the milk
oligosaccharides of other primates, and how they differ
among taxa. Neutral and acidic oligosaccharides were
isolated from the milk of three species of Old World or
catarrhine monkeys (Cercopithecidae: rhesus macaque (Macaca
mulatta), toque macaque (Macaca sinica) and Hamadryas baboon
(Papio hamadryas)) and three of New World or platyrrhine
monkeys (Cebidae: tufted capuchin (Cebus apella) and
Bolivian squirrel monkey (Saimiri boliviensis); Atelidae:
mantled howler (Alouatta palliata)). The milks of these
species contained 6-8% total sugar, most of which was
lactose: the estimated ratio of oligosaccharides to lactose
in Old World monkeys (1:4 to 1:6) was greater than in New
World monkeys (1:12 to 1:23). The chemical structures of the
oligosaccharides were determined mainly by (1)H-NMR
spectroscopy. Oligosaccharides containing the type II unit
(Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc) were found in the milk of the rhesus
macaque, toque macaque, Hamadryas baboon and tufted
capuchin, but oligosaccharides containing the type I unit
(Gal(β1-3)GlcNAc), which have been found in human and many
great ape milks, were absent from the milk of all species
studied. Oligosaccharides containing Lewis x
(Gal(β1-4)[Fuc(α1-3)]GlcNAc) and 3-fucosyl lactose (3-FL,
Gal(β1-4)[Fuc(α1-3)]Glc) were found in the milk of the
three cercopithecid monkey species, while 2-fucosyl lactose
(5'-FL, Fuc(α1-2)Gal(β1-4)Glc) was absent from all species
studied. All of these milks contained acidic
oligosaccharides that had N-acetylneuraminic acid as part of
their structures, but did not contain oligosaccharides that
had N-glycolylneuraminic acid, in contrast to the milk or
colostrum of great apes which contain both types of acidic
oligosaccharides. Two GalNAc-containing oligosaccharides,
lactose 3'-O-sulfate and lacto-N-novopentaose I
(Gal(β1-3)[Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-6)]Gal(β1-4)Glc) were
found only in the milk of rhesus macaque, hamadryas baboon
and tufted capuchin, respectively. Further research is
needed to determine the extent to which the milk
oligosaccharide patterns observed among these taxa represent
wider phylogenetic trends among primates and how much
variation occurs among individuals or species.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10719-010-9315-0},
Key = {fds240345}
}
@article{fds240346,
Author = {Clarke, MR and Glander, KE},
Title = {Secondary transfer of adult mantled howlers (Alouatta
palliata) on Hacienda La Pacifica, Costa Rica:
1975-2009.},
Journal = {Primates; journal of primatology},
Volume = {51},
Number = {3},
Pages = {241-249},
Year = {2010},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20339901},
Abstract = {Natal emigration by male and female mantled howlers
(Alouatta palliata), and subsequent immigration into
breeding groups, is well documented for the free-ranging
population on Hacienda La Pacifica, Costa Rica, but
secondary transfer was considered rare (Glander in Int J
Primatol 3:415-436, 1992). Population surveys in 1998 and
2006 caused us to question our assumptions and to
re-evaluate our long-term data set from a post hoc
perspective. We first identified all animals observed or
captured as adults in more than one non-natal group anywhere
in the population. We then systematically analyzed joining
or leaving by adults in seven groups tracked for various
times from 1975 to 2005 for patterns suggesting secondary
transfer. Fourteen adults (nine females, five males) were
found in two different non-natal groups as adults. In
addition, one male and one female that became dominant and
reproduced in their natal group later transferred to a
second group, and one female was known to be a tertiary
transfer. Data from the seven tracked social groups indicate
that 35% of all the males and 29% of all the females were
potential secondary transfers. In these groups, males
leaving or joining was not associated with group size or
absolute number of females. Females leaving or joining was
not associated with group size or absolute number of males,
but females left groups with more females and joined groups
with fewer females. Both sexes left groups with unfavorable
sex ratios for their sex and joined groups with sex ratios
more favorable for their sex. Since a favorable sex ratio is
associated with reproductive success in other howler
populations, this suggests secondary transfer as a
reproductive strategy. Other factors could also influence
secondary transfer.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10329-010-0195-5},
Key = {fds240346}
}
@article{fds240265,
Author = {Vinyard, CJ and Glander, KE and Teaford, MF and Rose, CL and Williams,
SH},
Title = {A first look at jaw-muscle activity in free-ranging
primates: The ecological physiology of feeding in howling
monkeys (Alouatta palliata) at La Pacifica, Costa
Rica.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {236-236},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000275295200814&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240265}
}
@article{fds240282,
Author = {Cunningham, AJ and Zulfa, A and Vogel, ER and Rothman, JM and Conklin-Brittain, NL and Glander, KE and Wich, SA and Perry, GH and Dominy, NJ},
Title = {Diet and the parallel evolution of increased salivary
amylase expression in primates.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {89-89},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000275295200164&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240282}
}
@article{fds240269,
Author = {Ramsier, MA and Glander, KE and Finneran, JJ and Cunningham, AJ and Dominy, NJ},
Title = {HEARING, HOWLING, AND HOLLYWOOD: AUDITORY SENSITIVITY IN
ALOUATTA PALLIATA IS ATTUNED TO HIGH-FREQUENCY INFANT
DISTRESS CALLS},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {71},
Pages = {69-69},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2009},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000269369800122&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240269}
}
@article{fds240342,
Author = {Mittermeier, RA and Ganzhorn, JU and Konstant, WR and Glander, K and Tattersall, I and Groves, CP and Rylands, AB and Hapke, A and Ratsimbazafy, J and Mayor, MI and Louis, EE and Rumpler, Y and Schwitzer, C and Rasoloarison, RM},
Title = {Lemur diversity in Madagascar},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {29},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1607-1656},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2008},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/6237 Duke open
access},
Keywords = {diversity lemurs Madagascar taxonomy},
Abstract = {A basic understanding of the taxonomy, diversity, and
distributions of primates is essential for their
conservation. This review of the status of the taxonomy of
lemurs is based on a 5-d workshop entitled "Primate Taxonomy
for the New Millennium," held at the Disney Institute,
Orlando, Florida, in February 2000. The aim is not to
present a taxonomic revision, but to review our current
understanding of the diversity and current and past ranges
of lemurs and indicate where there is controversy,
discrepancy, or lack of knowledge. Our goal therefore is to
provide a baseline for future taxonomic investigation, as
well as a clearer focus for research and conservation
priorities. We here focus on the lemurs of Madagascar and
recognize 5 families, 15 genera, and 99 species and
subspecies. We list 39 species of lemurs described since
2000: 2 dwarf lemurs, Cheirogaleus; 11 mouse lemurs,
Microcebus; a giant mouse lemur, Mirza; a bamboo lemur,
Hapalemur; 17 sportive lemurs, Lepilemur; and 7 woolly
lemurs, Avahi. Taxonomic revisions have resulted in the
resurrection of a further 9 taxa. However, the figures do
not represent the total diversity of Malagasy lemurs because
more new species are being identified via new field studies
and accompanying genetic research, and should be described
in the near future. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media,
LLC.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-008-9317-y},
Key = {fds240342}
}
@article{fds240343,
Author = {Clarke, MR and Glander, KE},
Title = {Natal emigration by both sexes in the La Pacifica population
of mantled howlers: when do some stay?},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {70},
Number = {2},
Pages = {195-200},
Year = {2008},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17879939},
Abstract = {We have reported previously that all male and female mantled
howlers emigrate from natal groups at Hacienda La Pacifica,
Costa Rica. In the years since that report, a small number
of juveniles have stayed in the natal group without
experiencing a solitary phase. Here, we present a post hoc
analysis on juvenile emigration in six groups of howlers
under observation for varying amounts of time between 1972
and 2005. Our records revealed 139 juveniles for whom
emigration status was certain, and 125 of these did
emigrate. There was a significant association between
presence of mother and emigration: juveniles without mothers
were more likely to remain in their natal group (chi(1)(2) =
53.1, P<.0001). The mean age of emigration for all juveniles
(n = 125) was 2.47 years (SD = 0.9, range = 1.5-6.5). There
was no difference in age of emigration by adult male
composition (one-male, multi-male, both), but juveniles of
unknown sex emigrated younger than either known males or
females (F(2,116) = 4.4, P<.02). For emigrating juveniles of
known sex (n = 99), both males and females without mothers
left at a later age than those with mothers (F(1,95) = 6.5,
P<.02). Although philopatry or delayed emigration occurs in
a few motherless animals, most males and females do emigrate
from their natal groups at ages consistent with those
reported for other species of howlers.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.20473},
Key = {fds240343}
}
@article{fds240344,
Author = {Milligan, LA and Rapoport, SI and Cranfield, MR and Dittus, W and Glander, KE and Oftedal, OT and Power, ML and Whittier, CA and Bazinet,
RP},
Title = {Fatty acid composition of wild anthropoid primate
milks.},
Journal = {Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B,
Biochemistry & molecular biology},
Volume = {149},
Number = {1},
Pages = {74-82},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1096-4959},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17916436},
Abstract = {Fatty acids in milk reflect the interplay between
species-specific physiological mechanisms and maternal diet.
Anthropoid primates (apes, Old and New World monkeys) vary
in patterns of growth and development and dietary
strategies. Milk fatty acid profiles also are predicted to
vary widely. This study investigates milk fatty acid
composition of five wild anthropoids (Alouatta palliata,
Callithrix jacchus, Gorilla beringei beringei,
Leontopithecus rosalia, Macaca sinica) to test the null
hypothesis of a generalized anthropoid milk fatty acid
composition. Milk from New and Old World monkeys had
significantly more 8:0 and 10:0 than milk from apes. The
leaf eating species G. b. beringei and A. paliatta had a
significantly higher proportion of milk 18:3n-3, a fatty
acid found primarily in plant lipids. Mean percent
composition of 22:6n-3 was significantly different among
monkeys and apes, but was similar to the lowest reported
values for human milk. Mountain gorillas were unique among
anthropoids in the high proportion of milk 20:4n-6. This
seems to be unrelated to requirements of a larger brain and
may instead reflect species-specific metabolic processes or
an unknown source of this fatty acid in the mountain gorilla
diet.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.08.006},
Key = {fds240344}
}
@article{fds188438,
Author = {Clarke, MR and KE Glander},
Title = {Natal emigration by both sexes in the La Pacifica population
of mantled howlers: when do some stay?},
Journal = {Amer J Primat},
Volume = {70},
Pages = {195-200},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds188438}
}
@article{fds240350,
Author = {Williams, SH and Vinyard, CJ and Glander, KE and Deffenbaugh, M and Teaford, MF and Thompson, CL},
Title = {Telemetry system for assessing jaw-muscle function in
freeranging primates.},
Journal = {Int J Primatol},
Volume = {29},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1441-1453},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/6249 Duke open
access},
Keywords = {Alouatta electromyography mastication telemetry},
Abstract = {In vivo laboratory-based studies describing jaw-muscle
activity and mandibular bone strain during mastication
provide the empirical basis for most evolutionary hypotheses
linking primate masticatory apparatus form to diet. However,
the laboratory data pose a potential problem for testing
predictions of these hypotheses because estimates of
masticatory function and performance recorded in the
laboratory may lack the appropriate ecological context for
understanding adaptation and evolution. For example, in
laboratory studies researchers elicit rhythmic chewing using
foods that may differ significantly from the diets of wild
primates. Because the textural and mechanical properties of
foods influence jaw-muscle activity and the resulting
strains, chewing behaviors studied in the laboratory may not
adequately reflect chewing behaviors of primates feeding in
their natural habitats. To circumvent this limitation of
laboratory-based studies of primate mastication, we
developed a system for recording jaw-muscle
electromyograms(EMGs) from free-ranging primates so that
researchers can conduct studies of primate jaw-muscle
function in vivo in the field. We used the system to record
jawmuscle EMGs from mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata) at
Hacienda La Pacifica, Costa Rica. These are the first EMGs
recorded from a noncaptive primate feeding in its natural
habitat. Further refinements of the system will allow
long-term EMG data collection so that researchers can
correlate jaw-muscle function with food mechanical
properties and behavioral observations. In addition to
furthering understanding of primate feeding biology, our
work will foster improved adaptive hypotheses explaining the
evolution of primate jaw form.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-008-9292-3},
Key = {fds240350}
}
@article{fds240271,
Author = {Williams, SH and Vinyard, CJ and Glander, KE and Deffenbaugh, MV and Teaford, MF and Thompson, CL},
Title = {A preliminary report on a new system for recording
jaw-muscle electromyograms from free-ranging
primates},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY},
Volume = {268},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1150-1150},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0362-2525},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000251266000538&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240271}
}
@article{fds240257,
Author = {Clarke, MR and Ford, R and Arden, D and Glander, KE},
Title = {Survey of the Howler population of La Pacifica,
2006},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {69},
Pages = {55-56},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2007},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000247093700054&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240257}
}
@article{fds240264,
Author = {Williams, SH and Vinyard, CJ and Glander, KE and Teaford, MF and Deffenbaugh, M and Thompson, CL},
Title = {EMG telemetry in free-ranging primates: Pilot data from
howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) at La Pacifica, Costa
Rica},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {69},
Pages = {121-122},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2007},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000247093700186&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240264}
}
@article{fds240251,
Author = {Williams, SH and Vinyard, CJ and Glander, KE and Teaford, MF and Deffenbaugh, M and Thompson, CL},
Title = {A telemetry system for studying jaw-muscle activity in
free-ranging primates: pilot data from howling monkeys
(Alouatta palliata) at La Pacifica, Costa
Rica.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {250-250},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2007},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000244656500824&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240251}
}
@article{fds240291,
Author = {Irwin, MT and Glander, KE and Raharison, J-L and Samonds,
KE},
Title = {Effect of habitat and sex on body mass and morphometrics of
diademed sifakas (Propitheeus diadema).},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {134-134},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2007},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000244656500321&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240291}
}
@article{fds240340,
Author = {Teaford, MF and Lucas, PW and Ungar, PS and Glander,
KE},
Title = {Mechanical defenses in leaves eaten by Costa Rican howling
monkeys (Alouatta palliata).},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {129},
Number = {1},
Pages = {99-104},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16136580},
Keywords = {Alouatta diet fracture toughness silica},
Abstract = {Primate species often eat foods of different physical
properties. This may have implications for tooth structure
and wear in those species. The purpose of this study was to
examine the mechanical defenses of leaves eaten by Alouatta
palliata from different social groups at Hacienda La
Pacifica in Costa Rica. Leaves were sampled from the
home-ranges of groups living in different microhabitats.
Specimens were collected during the wet and dry seasons from
the same tree, same plant part, and same degree of
development as those eaten by the monkeys. The toughness of
over 300 leaves was estimated using a scissors test on a
Darvell mechanical tester. Toughness values were compared
between social groups, seasons, and locations on the leaves
using ANOVA. Representative samples of leaves were also
sun-dried for subsequent scanning electron microscopy and
energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analyses in an attempt to
locate silica on the leaves. Both forms of mechanical
defense (toughness and silica) were found to be at work in
the plants at La Pacifica. Fracture toughness varied
significantly by location within single leaves, indicating
that measures of fracture toughness must be standardized by
location on food items. Monkeys made some food choices based
on fracture toughness by avoiding the toughest parts of
leaves and consuming the least tough portions. Intergroup
and seasonal differences in the toughness of foods suggest
that subtle differences in resource availability can have a
significant impact on diet and feeding in Alouatta palliata.
Intergroup differences in the incidence of silica on leaves
raise the possibility of matching differences in the rates
and patterns of tooth wear.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20225},
Key = {fds240340}
}
@book{fds44602,
Author = {Glander, KE},
Title = {Average body weight for mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta
pallilata): an assessment of average values and
variability},
Pages = {247-263},
Booktitle = {New Perspectives In The Study Of Mesoamerican
Primates},
Publisher = {Springer},
Address = {New York},
Editor = {A. Estrada and P.A. Garber and M. Pavelka and L.
Luecke},
Year = {2006},
Abstract = {A comparison of mantled howling monkey (Alouatta palliata)
body weights from two Costa Rican populations at Santa Rosa
(SR) and La Pacifica (LP) plus the island population of
Barro Colorado (BCI) yielded average body weights of 6,445 g
for BCI females (N=49), 5,161 g for SR females (N=21), and
4,726 g for LP females (N=663). Average male body weight for
these same three populations was 7,562 g for BCI (N=38),
6,573 g for SR (N=15), and 5,790 g for LP (N=288). All three
populations are sexually dimorphic with the males being
significantly heavier than the females (BCI: F=65.71,
P<0.00001); SR: F=65.60, P<0.00001; LP: F=621.72,
P<0.00001). The BCI females are significantly heavier than
the SR females (F=80.48, P<0.00001) and LP females (F=
360.50, P<0.00001). The BCI males are significantly heavier
than the SR males (F=23.23, P<0.00001) and the LP males
(F=295.50, P<0.00001). The SR females are significantly
heavier than the LP females (F=10.25, P<0.001) and the SR
males are significantly heavier than the LP males (F=26.54,
P<0.0001). Female weight at LP showed a seasonal difference
while season had no effect on male weight. There were
habitat effects on both female and male weights. Individual
body weights at LP oscillated from 10 to 30% within and
between years. These dramatic changes in body mass did not
reduce life span nor affect infant survivorship.},
Key = {fds44602}
}
@misc{fds240248,
Author = {Glander, KE},
Title = {Average Body Weight for Mantled Howling Monkeys (Alouatta
palliata): An Assessment of Average Values and
Variability},
Pages = {600 pages},
Booktitle = {New Perspectives in the Study of Mesoamerican
Primates},
Publisher = {Springer},
Editor = {Estrada, A and Garber, Paul A. and Pavelka, Mary S. M. and Luecke, LeAndra},
Year = {2006},
ISBN = {9780387258720},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7079 Duke open
access},
Key = {fds240248}
}
@article{fds240283,
Author = {Glander, KE},
Title = {Average Body Weight for Mantled Howling Monkeys (Alouatta
palliata): An Assessment of Average Values and
Variability},
Pages = {247-263},
Publisher = {Springer US},
Year = {2006},
ISBN = {9780387258546},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000233745600009&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1007/0-387-25872-8_12},
Key = {fds240283}
}
@article{fds240339,
Author = {Seigler, DS},
Title = {Cyanogenic glycosides and menisdaurin from Guazuma
ulmifolia, Ostrya virgininana, Tiquilia plicata and Tiquilia
canescens.},
Journal = {Phytochemistry},
Volume = {66},
Number = {13},
Pages = {1567-1580},
Year = {2005},
Month = {July},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/6232 Duke open
access},
Keywords = {Sterculiaceae Betulaceae Tiquilia plicata Boraginaceae
Long-range coupling Nitrile glucosides},
Abstract = {The major cyanogenic glycoside of Guazuma ulmifolia
(Sterculiaceae) is (2R)-taxiphyllin (>90%), which
co-occurs with (2S)-dhurrin. Few individuals of this
species, but occasional other members of the family, have
been reported to be cyanogenic. To date, cyanogenic
compounds have not been characterized from the
Sterculiaceae. The cyanogenic glycosides of Ostrya
virginiana (Betulaceae) are (2S)-dhurrin and
(2R)-taxiphyllin in an approximate 2:1 ratio. This marks the
first report of the identification of cyanogenic compounds
from the Betulaceae. Based on NMR spectroscopic and TLC
data, the major cyanogenic glucoside of Tiquilia plicata is
dhurrin, whereas the major cyanide-releasing compound of
Tiquilia canescens is the nitrile glucoside, menisdaurin.
NMR and TLC data indicate that both compounds are present in
each of these species. The spectrum was examined by CI-MS,
1H and 13C NMR, COSY, 1D selective TOCSY, NOESY, and 1J/2,3J
HETCOR experiments; all carbons and protons are assigned.
The probable absolute configuration of (2R)-dhurrin is
established by an X-ray crystal structure. The 1H NMR
spectrum of menisdaurin is more complex than might be
anticipated, containing a planar conjugated system in which
most elements are coupled to several other atoms in the
molecule. The coupling of one vinyl proton to the protons on
the opposite side of the ring involves a 6J- and a 5/7J-
coupling pathway. A biogenetic pathway for the origin of
nitrile glucosides is proposed. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All
rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.02.021},
Key = {fds240339}
}
@article{fds240353,
Author = {Clarke, MR and Glander, KE},
Title = {Male tenure and reproductive success in a one-male vs. a
multi-male group in free-ranging Howling Monkeys in Costa
Rica},
Journal = {Neotropical Pirmates},
Volume = {13},
Number = {3},
Pages = {23-27},
Year = {2005},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7021 Duke open
access},
Key = {fds240353}
}
@article{fds240338,
Author = {Dennis, JC and Ungar, PS and Teaford, MF and Glander,
KE},
Title = {Dental topography and molar wear in Alouatta palliata from
Costa Rica.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {125},
Number = {2},
Pages = {152-161},
Year = {2004},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15365981},
Abstract = {Paleoprimatologists depend on relationships between form and
function of teeth to reconstruct the diets of fossil
species. Most of this work has been limited to studies of
unworn teeth. A new approach, dental topographic analysis,
allows the characterization and comparison of worn primate
teeth. Variably worn museum specimens have been used to
construct species-specific wear sequences so that
measurements can be compared by wear stage among taxa with
known differences in diet. This assumes that individuals in
a species tend to wear their molar teeth in similar ways, a
supposition that has yet to be tested. Here we evaluate this
assumption with a longitudinal study of changes in tooth
form over time in primates. Fourteen individual mantled
howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) were captured and then
recaptured after 2, 4, and 7 years when possible at Hacienda
La Pacifica in Costa Rica between 1989-1999. Dental
impressions were taken each time, and molar casts were
produced and analyzed using dental topographic analysis.
Results showed consistent decreases in crown slope and
occlusal relief. In contrast, crown angularity, a measure of
surface jaggedness, remained fairly constant except with
extreme wear. There were no evident differences between
specimens collected in different microhabitats. These
results suggest that different individual mantled howling
monkeys wear their teeth down in similar ways, evidently
following a species-specific wear sequence. Dental
topographic analysis may therefore be used to compare
morphology among similarly worn individuals from different
species.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.10379},
Key = {fds240338}
}
@article{fds240337,
Author = {Zaldívar, ME and Rocha, O and Glander, KE and Aguilar, G and Huertas,
AS and Sánchez, R and Wong, G},
Title = {Distribution, ecology, life history, genetic variation, and
risk of extinction of nonhuman primates from Costa
Rica.},
Journal = {Revista de biologia tropical},
Volume = {52},
Number = {3},
Pages = {679-693},
Year = {2004},
Month = {September},
url = {http://www.ucr.ac.cr/},
Keywords = {New World monkeys Alouatta palliata Ateles geoffroyi Cebus
capucinus Saimiri oerstedii isozymes habitat destruction
biological conservation},
Abstract = {We examined the association between geographic distribution,
ecological traits, life history, genetic diversity, and risk
of extinction in nonhuman primate species from Costa Rica.
All of the current nonhuman primate species from Costa Rica
are included in the study; spider monkeys (Ateles
geoffroyi), howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata), capuchins
(Cebus capucinus), and squirrel monkeys (Saimiri oerstedii).
Geographic distribution was characterized accessing existing
databases. Data on ecology and life history traits were
obtained through a literature review. Genetic diversity was
characterized using isozyme electrophoresis. Risk of
extinction was assessed from the literature. We found that
species differed in all these traits. Using these data, we
conducted a Pearson correlation between risk of extinction
and ecological and life history traits, and genetic
variation, for widely distributed species. We found a
negative association between risk of extinction and
population birth and growth rates; indicating that slower
reproducing species had a greater risk of extinction. We
found a positive association between genetic variation and
risk of extinction; i.e., species showing higher genetic
variation had a greater risk of extinction. The relevance of
these traits for conservation efforts is
discussed.},
Doi = {10.15517/rbt.v1i2.15355},
Key = {fds240337}
}
@article{fds240270,
Author = {Clarke, MR and Glander, KE},
Title = {Adult migration patterns of the mantled howlers of La
Pacifica},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {62},
Number = {1},
Pages = {87-87},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2004},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000202993400100&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240270}
}
@article{fds240285,
Author = {Clemons, TE and Kurinij, N and Sperduto, RD and AREDS Research
Group},
Title = {Associations of mortality with ocular disorders and an
intervention of high-dose antioxidants and zinc in the
Age-Related Eye Disease Study: AREDS Report No.
13.},
Journal = {Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. :
1960)},
Volume = {122},
Number = {5},
Pages = {716-726},
Year = {2004},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0003-9950},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000221339400006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>To assess the association of ocular
disorders and high doses of antioxidants or zinc with
mortality in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study
(AREDS).<h4>Methods</h4>Baseline fundus and lens photographs
were used to grade the macular and lens status of AREDS
participants. Participants were randomly assigned to receive
oral supplements of high-dose antioxidants, zinc,
antioxidants plus zinc, or placebo. Risk of all-cause and
cause-specific mortality was assessed using adjusted Cox
proportional hazards models.<h4>Results</h4>During median
follow-up of 6.5 years, 534 (11%) of 4753 AREDS participants
died. In fully adjusted models, participants with advanced
age-related macular degeneration (AMD) compared with
participants with few, if any, drusen had increased
mortality (relative risk [RR], 1.41; 95% confidence interval
[CI], 1.08-1.86). Advanced AMD was associated with
cardiovascular deaths. Compared with participants having
good acuity in both eyes, those with visual acuity worse
than 20/40 in 1 eye had increased mortality (RR, 1.36; 95%
CI, 1.12-1.65). Nuclear opacity (RR, 1.40; 95% CI,
1.12-1.75) and cataract surgery (RR, 1.55; 95% CI,
1.18-2.05) were associated with increased all-cause
mortality and with cancer deaths. Participants randomly
assigned to receive zinc had lower mortality than those not
taking zinc (RR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.61-0.89).<h4>Conclusions</h4>The
decreased survival of AREDS participants with AMD and
cataract suggests that these conditions may reflect systemic
rather than only local processes. The improved survival in
individuals randomly assigned to receive zinc requires
further study.},
Doi = {10.1001/archopht.122.5.716},
Key = {fds240285}
}
@article{fds240255,
Author = {Dennis, JC and Ungar, PS and Teaford, MF and Glander,
KE},
Title = {Dental topographic analysis of molar wear in Alouatta
palliate.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {87-88},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000181670000127&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240255}
}
@article{fds188310,
Author = {Zaldivar, M. E. and K.E Glander and O. Rocha and G. Aguilar and E.
Vargus, G.A. Gutierrez-Espeleta and R. Sanchez},
Title = {Genetic Variation of Mantled Howler Monkeys (Alouatta
palliata) from Costa Rica Biotropica},
Volume = {35},
Pages = {375-381},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds188310}
}
@article{fds240351,
Author = {Zaldivar, ME and Glander, KE and Rocha, O and Aguilar, G and Vargas, E and Gutierrez-Espeleta, GA and Sanchez, R},
Title = {Genetic Variation of Mantled Howler Monkeys (Alouatta
palliata) from Costa Rica1},
Journal = {BIOTROPICA},
Volume = {35},
Number = {3},
Pages = {375-375},
Publisher = {Association for Tropical Biology},
Year = {2003},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/6229 Duke open
access},
Keywords = {dispersal; habitat fragmentation; howler monkeys; isozymes;
New World monkeys},
Abstract = {We examined genetic diversity of howler monkeys (Alouatta
palliata) from Costa Rica. Blood samples of howler monkeys
were collected at various locations in Costa Rica, and
electrophoresis of total plasma proteins yielded no
variation. We also conducted starch gel electrophoresis of
red cell isozymes and did not find variation for any of the
14 loci analyzed (i.e., ACP, ADA, CA2, EST, GPI, IDH, LDH-1,
LDH-2, MDH, PGD, PGM-1, PGM-2, SOD, and TPI). These findings
were compared with the levels of genetic variation for A.
seniculus and A. belzebul from one Brazilian population.
Four of the 14 isozymes (ADA, GPI, PGD, and SOD) showed more
than one allele for these species. Both A. seniculus and A.
belzebul from Brazil showed similar levels of genetic
variation. The potential causes of the low genetic variation
in A. palliata from Costa Rica are discussed.},
Doi = {10.1646/02062},
Key = {fds240351}
}
@article{fds240302,
Author = {Horwich, RH and Koontz, F and Saqui, E and Ostro, L and Silver, S and Glander, K},
Title = {Translocation of black howler monkeys in
Belize},
Journal = {Reintroduction News},
Volume = {21},
Pages = {10-12},
Year = {2002},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7022 Duke open
access},
Key = {fds240302}
}
@article{fds240253,
Author = {Altmann, J and Beck, JC and DiRienzo, A and Glander, KE and Goodman, M and Mann, A and Melnick, D and Rogers, J and Ryder, OA and Stone, A and Turner,
T},
Title = {Primate biomaterials resource.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {32-32},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000167358000011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240253}
}
@article{fds240277,
Author = {Clarke, MR and Glander, KE},
Title = {Presence of mother and juvenile dispersal in free-ranging
howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in the tropical dry
forest of Costa Rica.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {50-50},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000167358000083&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240277}
}
@article{fds240279,
Author = {Runestadconnour, JA and Glander, KE},
Title = {Description of a feral Alouatta palliata population observed
during three decades.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {128-129},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000167358000382&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240279}
}
@article{fds240303,
Author = {Zucker, EL and Clarke, MR and Glander, KE},
Title = {Body weights of adult female Alouatta palliata in Costa Rica
increase with age},
Journal = {Neotropical Primates},
Volume = {9},
Pages = {93-96},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds240303}
}
@article{fds240304,
Author = {Zucker, EL and Clarke, MR and Glander, KE},
Title = {Body weights before and after first pregnancies of immigrant
adult female mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in
Costa Rica},
Journal = {Neotropical Primates},
Volume = {9},
Pages = {57-60},
Year = {2001},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/6224 Duke open
access},
Key = {fds240304}
}
@article{fds240349,
Author = {Glander, KE and Welch, C and Irwin, M and Sammonds, K and Davis, E and Mayor, MI and Louis, EE and Houck, ML},
Title = {AF 354716, 558 bp, DNA linear, PRI 01-Mar-2002, Propithecus
verreauxi verreauxi isolate Mor143 mitochondrial D-loop,
partial sequence},
Journal = {NCBI Gene Bank},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds240349}
}
@article{fds240348,
Author = {Connour, JR and Glander, K and Vincent, F},
Title = {Postcranial adaptations for leaping in primates},
Journal = {Journal of Zoology},
Volume = {251},
Number = {1},
Pages = {79-103},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2000},
Month = {May},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/6348 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Leaping primates are specialized for hindlimb-propelled
locomotion within arboreal habitats. As a group, they
include members of Galagonidae, Lemuriformes and Tarsiidae.
Postcranial characters analysed here include humeral and
femoral diaphyseal rigidity, articular surface areas and
lengths. Data for leaper taxa are compared with
corresponding data for less specialized small primates. The
more generalized comparative primates include both closely
related prosimians and distantly related platyrrhines (New
World monkeys). In addition, the leapers are subdivided for
further analysis according to body size and taxonomic
association. Questions addressed concern the identification
of functionally and/or phylogenetically linked traits in
leaper postcrania. Results indicate that leapers as a group
have relatively higher femoral diaphyseal rigidity and
longer femora than do more generalized primates. These
traits are also present in Pithecia pithecia, a platyrrhine
leaper included for comparison. These enhanced properties
probably function in resisting large hindlimb forces
incurred during leaping, and in producing longer, more
efficient leaps. Most of the large-bodied lemuriform leapers
are further distinguished in having relatively bigger
femoral heads and reduced humeral rigidity. The small-bodied
leapers, galagonids and tarsiids, do not differ in either
femoral head surface area or in any of the humeral
properties from more generalized primates. Pithecia has a
large femoral head like lemuriforms, but it is not reduced
in humeral rigidity. Aspects of hip joint structure and
mobility may be related to femoral head size in lemuriforms
and Pithecia. Explanations regarding reduced lemuriform
humeral rigidity are also explored. Differences between
lemuriform primates are also present, most notably in
aspects of the distal humerus. Indrids are characterized by
relatively reduced trochleae, while many lemurids have
relatively small capitula. These features are interpreted
with regard to frequencies of suspensory behaviour and
quadrupedalism.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0952836900005100},
Key = {fds240348}
}
@article{fds240290,
Author = {Williamson, MD and Ungar, PS and Teaford, MF and Glander,
KE},
Title = {Gross wear and molar morphology in Alouatta palliata: a
preliminary study using dental topographic
analysis.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {323-323},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000085458900646&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240290}
}
@article{fds240266,
Author = {Teaford, MF and Yamashita, N and Aldridge, K and Glander,
KE},
Title = {Food processing in different social groups of Alouatta
palliata.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {263-264},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000079607500514&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240266}
}
@article{fds240347,
Author = {Campbell, JL and Eisemann, JH and Glander, KE and Crissey,
SD},
Title = {Intake, digestibility, and passage of a commercially
designed diet by two Propithecus species},
Journal = {Amer. J. Prim},
Volume = {48},
Number = {3},
Pages = {237-246},
Year = {1999},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10380997},
Abstract = {The digestibility and passage of an experimental diet was
used to compare the digestive physiology of two Propithecus
species: P. verreauxi and P. tattersalli. Though both
animals have a similar feeding ecology, the captive status
of P. verreauxi is considered more stable than that of P.
tattersalli. The test diet included a local tree species,
Rhus copallina, at 15% of dry matter intake (DMI) and Mazuri
Leafeater Primate Diet at 85% of DMI. The chemical
composition of the diet (dry matter basis) was 25% crude
protein, 34% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and 22% acid
detergent fiber (ADF) with a gross energy of 4.52 kcal/g.
After a 6 week acclimation to the experimental diet, animals
were placed in research caging. After a 7 day adjustment
period, animals were dosed with chromium mordant and Co-EDTA
as markers for digesta passage and all feed refusals and
feces were collected at timed intervals for 7 days.
Digestibility values, similar for both species, were
approximately 65% for dry matter, crude protein, and energy,
and 40% and 35% respectively, for NDF and ADF. Transit times
(17-18.5 hr) and mean retention times (31-34 hr) were not
significantly different between species, and there was no
difference between the chromium mordant and Co-EDTA. Serum
values for glucose, urea, and non-esterified fatty acids
(NEFA) were obtained during four different time periods to
monitor nutritional status. While there was no change in
serum glucose, serum urea increased over time. The NEFAs
increased across all four time periods for P. verreauxi and
increased for the first three periods then decreased in the
last period for P. tattersalli. Results obtained indicate no
difference in digestibility nor digesta passage between
species, and that both Propithecus species were similar to
other post-gastric folivores.},
Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1098-2345(1999)48:3<237::aid-ajp5>3.0.co;2-v},
Key = {fds240347}
}
@article{fds240336,
Author = {Stuart, M and Pendergast, V and Rumfelt, S and Pierberg, S and Greenspan, L and Glander, K and Clarke, M},
Title = {Parasites of wild howlers (Alouatta spp.)},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {19},
Number = {3},
Pages = {493-512},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/6418 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {A literature review of howler parasites provides the basis
for an overview of the ecological significance of parasite
surveys in primates. Within this framework, we have added
insights into the interactions between primate hosts and
their parasites from a long-term study in Costa Rica. We
collected fecal samples from mantled howlers (Alouatta
palliata) over a 9-year period (19861994 inclusive) and
analyzed them for parasite eggs, larvae, cysts, and oocysts.
We found many misperceptions inherent in the typical
methodology of primate parasite surveys and in the reporting
of the findings. Our work in Costa Rica suggests that a
snapshot effect occurs with most surveys. A static view does
not reflect the dynamic and changing ecological interaction
between host and parasite. We describe some problems with
parasite data analyses that emphasize the need for long-term
longitudinal surveys in wild primate groups.},
Doi = {10.1023/A:1020312506375},
Key = {fds240336}
}
@article{fds240341,
Author = {Clarke, MR and Glander, KE and Zucker, EL},
Title = {Infant-nonmother interactions of free-ranging mantled
howlers (Alouatta palliata) in Costa Rica},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {19},
Number = {3},
Pages = {451-472},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/6416 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Proximate and ultimate explanations of interactions between
infants and nonmothers vary depending upon the relatedness
of the interactors. We investigated interactions of infants
and nonmothers from a 22-month continuous study and from the
long-term monitoring of the mantled howler population of La
Pacifica, Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica. Relatedness is
low or absent in these mantled howler groups. Juvenile
females appeared to practice care skills with older infants,
but as most first infants died, they failed to benefit.
Infant positive interactions with adults occurred with the
mother and probable father. Other adult females behaved
aggressively toward the youngest infants. Mothers were
retentive of infants and responded negatively to these
interactions, suggesting that they perceived them as
threatening. Interactions with infants appear to reflect
competition in groups of unrelated adults. A review of other
populations of Alouatta palliata and other species of
howlers indicate variability in social group size and
suggest variability in intragroup relatedness. We suggest
that further study will confirm that social behavior
(including interactions with infants) will vary by resource
availability (group size) and associated demographic
patterns (male and female migration) that affect relatedness
in howler social groups.},
Doi = {10.1023/A:1020308405466},
Key = {fds240341}
}
@article{fds240333,
Author = {Schoeninger, MJ and Iwaniec, UT and Glander, KE},
Title = {Stable isotope ratios indicate diet and habitat use in New
World monkeys.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {103},
Number = {1},
Pages = {69-83},
Year = {1997},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9185952},
Abstract = {This paper demonstrates the use of stable isotope ratios of
carbon and nitrogen in animal tissue for indicating aspects
of species behavioral strategy. We analyzed hair from
individuals representing four species of New World monkeys
(Alouatta palliata, the mantled howler; Ateles geoffroyi,
the spider monkey; Cebus capucinus, the capuchin; and
Brachyteles arachnoides, the woolly-spider monkey or
muriqui) for delta 13C and delta 15N using previously
developed methods. There are no significant differences in
either carbon or nitrogen ratios between sexes, sampling
year, or year of analysis. Seasonal differences in delta 13C
reached a low level of significance but do not affect
general patterns. Variation within species was similar to
that recorded previously within single individuals. The
omega 13C data show a bimodal distribution with significant
difference between the means. The two monkey populations
living in an evergreen forest were similar to each other and
different from the other two monkey populations that
inhabited dry, deciduous forests. This bimodal distribution
is independent of any particular species' diet and reflects
the level of leaf cover in the two types of forest. The
delta 15N data display three significantly different modes.
The omnivorous capuchins were most positive reflecting a
trophic level offset. The spider monkeys and the muriquis
were similar to one another and significantly more positive
than the howlers. This distribution among totally
herbivorous species correlates with the ingestion of legumes
by the howler monkey population. In combination, these data
indicate that museum-curated primate material can be
analyzed to yield information on forest cover and diet in
populations and species lacking behavioral
data.},
Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199705)103:1<69::aid-ajpa5>3.0.co;2-},
Key = {fds240333}
}
@article{fds240286,
Author = {Teaford, MF and Glander, KE},
Title = {Dental microwear and diet in a wild population of mantled
howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata)},
Journal = {ADAPTIVE RADIATIONS OF NEOTROPICAL PRIMATES},
Pages = {433-449},
Publisher = {PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP},
Editor = {Norconk, MA and Rosenberger, AL and Garber, PA},
Year = {1996},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {0-306-45399-1},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1996BH52P00025&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240286}
}
@article{fds240301,
Author = {Nisbett, RA and Glander, KE},
Title = {Quantitative description of parturition in a wild mantled
howling monkey: a case study of perinatal behaviors
associated with a primiparous delivery},
Journal = {Brenesia},
Volume = {45-46},
Pages = {157-168},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds240301}
}
@article{fds240332,
Author = {Glander, KE and Nisbett, RA},
Title = {Community structure and species density in tropical forest
associations in Guanacaste Province, Costa
Rica},
Journal = {Brenesia},
Volume = {45-46},
Pages = {113-142},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds240332}
}
@article{fds240334,
Author = {Zucker, EL and Clarke, MR and Glander, KE and Scott Jr,
NJ},
Title = {Sizes of home ranges and howling monkey groups at Hacienda
La Pacifica, Costa Rica: 1972-1991},
Journal = {Brenesia},
Volume = {45-46},
Pages = {153-156},
Year = {1996},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/6412 Duke open
access},
Key = {fds240334}
}
@misc{fds240237,
Author = {Teaford, Mark F. and Glander, KE},
Title = {Dental microwear and diet in a wild population of mantled
howlers (Alouatta palliata)},
Pages = {433-499},
Booktitle = {Adaptive Radiations of Neotropical Primates},
Publisher = {Springer},
Editor = {Norconk, MA and Rosenberger, AL and Garber, PA},
Year = {1996},
ISBN = {9780306453991},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7091 Duke open
access},
Key = {fds240237}
}
@article{fds240330,
Author = {Ungar, PS and Teaford, MF and Glander, KE and Pastor,
RF},
Title = {Dust accumulation in the canopy: a potential cause of dental
microwear in primates.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {97},
Number = {2},
Pages = {93-99},
Year = {1995},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7653510},
Abstract = {Dental microwear researchers consider exogenous grit or dust
to be an important cause of microscopic wear on primate
teeth. No study to date has examined the accumulation of
such abrasives on foods eaten by primates in the forest.
This investigation introduces a method to collect dust at
various heights in the canopy. Results from dust collection
studies conducted at the primate research stations at
Ketambe in Indonesia, and Hacienda La Pacifica in Costa Rica
indicate that 1) grit collects throughout the canopy in both
open country and tropical rain forest environments; and 2)
the sizes and concentrations of dust particles accumulated
over a fixed period of time differ depending on site
location and season of investigation. These results may hold
important implications for the interpretation of microwear
on primate teeth.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330970202},
Key = {fds240330}
}
@article{fds240249,
Author = {Glander, KE},
Title = {Lemur redux: Something old, something new, and reader blue.
Review of Lemur Social Systems and their Ecological Basis,
edited by P.M. Kappeler, J.U. Ganzhorn, and Peter
Jörg},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {37},
Number = {4},
Pages = {341-342},
Publisher = {Wiley Publishing},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7035 Duke open
access},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.1350370409},
Key = {fds240249}
}
@article{fds240331,
Author = {Clarke, MR and Zucker, EL and Glander, KE},
Title = {Group takeover by a natal male howling monkey (Alouatta
palliata) and associated disappearance and injuries of
immatures},
Journal = {Primates},
Volume = {35},
Number = {4},
Pages = {435-442},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1994},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0032-8332},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/6409 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {As part of a long-term study on howling monkey behavior and
social dynamics, a known natal male was observed taking over
his group from his putative sire. Due to the accidental
death of one of the adult males, this natal male had matured
in a one-male group and had never observed juvenile male
emigration nor adult male immigration and associated
behaviors. Nevertheless, the behaviors associated with the
takeover were indistinguishable from those of an immigrant
male, including disappearance of immatures, one of whom was
found with extensive injuries. While it cannot be said that
the natal male inherited these behaviors from his presumed
father, it can be said that he exhibited species-typical
behaviors associated with male takeover in the absence of
observational learning. © 1994 Japan Monkey
Centre.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF02381952},
Key = {fds240331}
}
@article{fds303336,
Author = {Glander, KE},
Title = {Morphometrics and growth in captive aye-ayes (Daubentonia
madagascariensis).},
Journal = {Folia primatologica; international journal of
primatology},
Volume = {62},
Number = {1-3},
Pages = {108-114},
Year = {1994},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0015-5713},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7721196},
Doi = {10.1159/000156767},
Key = {fds303336}
}
@article{fds240329,
Author = {Glander, KE},
Title = {Morphometrics and growth in captive aye-ayes},
Journal = {Folia primatol},
Volume = {62},
Number = {1-3},
Pages = {108-114},
Year = {1994},
ISSN = {0015-5713},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7721196},
Key = {fds240329}
}
@misc{fds240238,
Author = {Glander, KE},
Title = {Nonhuman primate self-medication with wild plant
foods},
Pages = {227-239},
Booktitle = {Eating On The Wild Side: The Pharmacologic, Ecologic, and
Social Implications Of Using Noncultigens},
Publisher = {University of Arizona Press},
Address = {Tucson & London},
Editor = {Etkin, Nina},
Year = {1994},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7090 Duke open
access},
Key = {fds240238}
}
@article{fds240328,
Author = {Ravosa, MJ and Meyers, DM and Glander, KE},
Title = {Relative growth of the limbs and trunk in sifakas:
heterochronic, ecological, and functional
considerations.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {92},
Number = {4},
Pages = {499-520},
Year = {1993},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8296878},
Abstract = {Limb, trunk, and body weight measurements were obtained for
growth series of Milne-Edwards's diademed sifaka,
Propithecus diadema edwardsi, and the golden-crowned sifaka,
Propithecus tattersalli. Similar measures were obtained also
for primarily adults of two subspecies of the western
sifaka: Propithecus verreauxi coquereli, Coquerel's sifaka,
and Propithecus verreauxi verreauxi, Verreaux's sifaka.
Ontogenetic series for the larger-bodied P. d. edwardsi and
the smaller-bodied P. tattersalli were compared to evaluate
whether species-level differences in body proportions result
from the differential extension of common patterns of
relative growth. In bivariate plots, both subspecies of P.
verreauxi were included to examine whether these taxa also
lie along a growth trajectory common to all sifakas.
Analyses of the data indicate that postcranial proportions
for sifakas are ontogenetically scaled, much as demonstrated
previously with cranial dimensions for all three species
(Ravosa, 1992). As such, P. d. edwardsi apparently develops
larger overall size primarily by growing at a faster rate,
but not for a longer duration of time, than P. tattersalli
and P. verreauxi; this is similar to results based on
cranial data. A consideration of Malagasy lemur ecology
suggests that regional differences in forage quality and
resource availability have strongly influenced the
evolutionary development of body-size variation in sifakas.
On one hand, the rainforest environment of P. d. edwardsi
imposes greater selective pressures for larger body size
than the dry-forest environment of P. tattersalli and P. v.
coquereli, or the semi-arid climate of P. v. verreauxi. On
the other hand, as progressively smaller-bodied adult
sifakas are located in the east, west, and northwest, this
apparently supports suggestions that adult body size is set
by dry-season constraints on food quality and distribution
(i.e., smaller taxa are located in more seasonal habitats
such as the west and northeast). Moreover, the fact that
body-size differentiation occurs primarily via differences
in growth rate is also due apparently to differences in
resource seasonality (and juvenile mortality risk in turn)
between the eastern rainforest and the more temperate
northeast and west. Most scaling coefficients for both arm
and leg growth range from slight negative allometry to
slight positive allometry. Given the low intermembral index
for sifakas, which is also an adaptation for propulsive
hindlimb-dominated jumping, this suggests that differences
in adult limb proportions are largely set prenatally rather
than being achieved via higher rates of postnatal hindlimb
growth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330920408},
Key = {fds240328}
}
@article{fds240327,
Author = {Lemos de Sá and RM and Pope, TR and Struhsaker, TT and Glander,
KE},
Title = {Sexual dimorphism in canine length of woolly spider monkeys
(Brachyteles arachnoides, E. Geoffroy 1806)},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {14},
Number = {5},
Pages = {755-763},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1993},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/6405 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {We measured canine teeth from 28 woolly spider monkeys
(Brachyteles arachnoides) to assess sexual dimorphism and
population differences. The specimens are from the Brazilian
states of Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de
Janeiro, and São Paulo. We found strong sexual dimorphism
in canine length for individuals belonging to populations
south of 22°00′ latitude but no sexual dimorphism in
canine length from individuals of populations north of
21°00′ latitude. Canine length did not vary among females
of northern and southern populations. However, southern
males had significantly longer canines than northern males.
This geographical difference in canine morphology, together
with the presence or absence of thumbs and published
accounts of differences in genetics and social structure
between northern and southern populations, suggests that
Brachyteles arachnoides may be composed of at least two
subspecies, which appear to be separated by the rivers
Grande and Paraiba do Sul and the Serra da Mantiqueira. ©
1993 Plenum Publishing Corporation.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF02192189},
Key = {fds240327}
}
@article{fds240326,
Author = {Lemos de Sá and RM and Glander, KE},
Title = {Capture techniques and morphometrics for the woolly spider
monkey, or muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides, E. Geoffroy
1806).},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {29},
Number = {2},
Pages = {145-153},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1993},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1993KJ74000005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {A total of 12 free-ranging muriquis (Brachyteles
arachnoides) were captured with Telazol® at Fazenda
Esmeralda, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and at Fazenda Barreiro
Rico, São Paulo, Brazil. All animals were measured, marked,
weighed, and released. Previously reported data suggested
that Brachyteles is a sexually dimorphic species with
female-male body weights of 12-15 kg, respectively. We found
no statistically significant difference in body weight
between females (mean = 8.4 kg, range = 6.9-9.3 kg, n = 4),
and males (mean =9.6 kg, range = 9.3-10.2 kg, n = 4). Our
results are at variance with previously published body
weights in the literature. Larger sample size may reveal a
significant sexual difference, particularly in body weight.
© 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.1350290206},
Key = {fds240326}
}
@article{fds31164,
Author = {Coffman, B. and W. Hess and K. Glander and P. Feeser and E.
Simons},
Title = {Management of a breeding colony of aye-ayes (Daubentonia
madagascariensis) at the Duke University Primate
Center},
Series = {Proc. 1993 Reg. Conf. AAZPA},
Pages = {161-167},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds31164}
}
@article{fds31165,
Author = {Glander, K.E. and D. Haring and J. Campbell and W. Hess and P.
Feeser},
Title = {Management of an overweight prosimian},
Series = {Proc. 1993 Reg. Conf. AAZPA},
Pages = {205-211},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds31165}
}
@article{fds31167,
Author = {Horwich, R.H. and F. Koontz and E. Sawui and H. Saqui and K.
Glander},
Title = {A reintroduction program for the conservation of the black
howler monkey in Belize},
Series = {Endangered Species UPDATE 10},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1-6},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds31167}
}
@misc{fds172059,
Author = {Ravosa, M.J. and D.M. Meyers and K.E. Glander},
Title = {Heterochrony and the evolution of ecogeographic size
variation in Malagasy sifakas},
Pages = {261-276},
Booktitle = {Evolutionary Change And Heterochrony},
Publisher = {New York: John Wiley & Sons},
Editor = {McNamara, K.J.},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds172059}
}
@article{fds240355,
Author = {Glander, KE},
Title = {First captive-bred aye-aye born in America},
Journal = {Lemur News},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {10},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds240355}
}
@misc{fds240239,
Author = {Glander, KE},
Title = {Capture and marking techniques for arboreal
primates},
Pages = {299-304},
Booktitle = {Estudios Primatalogicos En Mexico},
Publisher = {Universidad Veracruzana},
Editor = {Estrada, A. and Rodriguez-Luna, E. and Lopez-Wilchis, R. and Coates-Estrada, R.},
Year = {1993},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7089 Duke open
access},
Key = {fds240239}
}
@misc{fds240240,
Author = {Glander, KE},
Title = {Selecting and processing food},
Series = {The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Evolution},
Pages = {65-68},
Booktitle = {The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Evolution},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Jones, S and Martin, R. and Pilbeam, D.},
Year = {1993},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7088 Duke open
access},
Key = {fds240240}
}
@article{fds240324,
Author = {Glander, KE},
Title = {Dispersal patterns in Costa Rican mantled howling
monkeys},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {13},
Number = {4},
Pages = {415-436},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1992},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/6402 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Both male and female juveniles disperse in Costa Rican
mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata). 79% of the
males and 96% of the females leave their natal groups. Males
may spend up to 4 years and females up to 1 year as
solitaries. Extra-group individuals are faced with only
three possibilities, i.e., form a new group by joining
another extra-group individual, join an established social
group, or remain solitary. Most surviving extra-group
individuals join an established social group which contains
no kin. Females join with the help of a resident male and
once in a group proceed to rise to the alpha position
through dyadic interactions. The immigrant female either
becomes the alpha female or leaves and tries again in
another group. Males challenge the alpha male and either
defeat him or remain solitary. Competition with relatives
for limited high quality food may be the reason for both
sexes leaving their natal groups in howlers. By leaving, the
successful immigrants increase their mothers inclusive
fitness while suppressing the fitness of nonrelatives
instead of remaining natal and competing with relatives for
limited food. © 1992 Plenum Publishing Corporation.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF02547826},
Key = {fds240324}
}
@article{fds240323,
Author = {Glander, KE and Wright, PC and Daniels, PS and Merenlender,
AM},
Title = {Morphometrics and testicle size of rain forest lemur species
from southeastern Madagascar},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {22},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-17},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1992},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/6403 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Six species of prosimians inhabiting the montane rain forest
of the Ranomafana National Park located in southeastern
Madagascar were captured, weighed, and measured during the
months of May or June of 1987, 1988, and 1989. There were no
significant differences in body weights and measurements
between male and femaleEulemur rubriventer (red-bellied
lemur) orEulemur fulvus rufus (red-fronted lemur). Adult
femalePropithecus diadema edwardsi (Milne Edward's sifaka)
were heavier than males but the difference was not
significant. A fewAvahi laniger laniger (woolly
lemur),Hapalemur aureus (golden bamboo lemur) andH. g.
griseus (gentle bamboo lemur) also were captured and
measured. Body weights of the same individual adultP. d.
edwardsi changed over the three years, suggesting variation
in food availability. Although there was no difference in
body weight among adult males of two groups ofP. d.
edwardsi, one male in each group had a testicular volume
four times larger than that of other males, even though
these measurements were taken five months after the breeding
season. These data suggest that only one adult male mates in
each group. Testicular size of the polygynousE. f. rufus
males was significantly larger than that of the monogamousE.
rubriventer. © 1992 Academic Press Limited.},
Doi = {10.1016/0047-2484(92)90025-5},
Key = {fds240323}
}
@article{fds240325,
Author = {White, FJ and Burton, AS and Buchholz, S and Glander,
KE},
Title = {Social organization of free-ranging ruffed lemurs, Varecia
variegata variegata: mother-adult daughter
relationship.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {28},
Number = {4},
Pages = {281-287},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1992},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1992KC17400005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {The relationship between a mother and an adult daughter is
examined in a group of free-ranging ruffed lemurs (Varecia
variegata) at the Duke University Primate Center (DUPC).
Although the two females were affiliative during the birth
season, interactions during the mating season were
predominantly agonistic. The maturing daughter was dominant
to the mother, as has been observed in many caged social
groups at the DUPC. Although both mother and daughter
produced offspring in the same group, the daughter
subsequently aggressively evicted the mother from the
enclosure. It was not possible to maintain more than one
long-term resident breeding female in the same social group.
This pattern contrasts with observations of affiliation
among breeding females in the wild. © 1992 Wiley-Liss,
Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.1350280406},
Key = {fds240325}
}
@article{fds240321,
Author = {Teaford, MF and Glander, KE},
Title = {Dental microwear in live, wild-trapped Alouatta palliata
from Costa Rica.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {85},
Number = {3},
Pages = {313-319},
Year = {1991},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1897604},
Abstract = {One problem with dental microwear analyses of museum
material is that investigators can never be sure of the
diets of the animals in question. An obvious solution to
this problem is to work with live animals. Recent work with
laboratory primates has shown that high resolution dental
impressions can be obtained from live animals. The purpose
of this study was to use similar methods to begin to
document rates and patterns of dental microwear for primates
in the wild. Thirty-three Alouatta palliata were captured
during the wet season at Hacienda La Pacifica near Canas,
Costa Rica. Dental impressions were taken and epoxy casts of
the teeth were prepared using the methods of Teaford and
Oyen (1989a). Scanning electron micrographs were taken of
the left mandibular second molars at magnifications of 200x
and 500x. Lower magnification images were used to calculate
rates of wear, and higher magnification images were used to
measure the size and shape of microwear features. Results
indicate that, while basic patterns of dental microwear are
similar in museum samples and samples of live, wild-trapped
animals of the same species, ecological differences between
collection locales may lead to significant intraspecific
differences in dental microwear. More importantly, rates of
microwear provide the first direct evidence of differences
in molar use between monkeys and humans.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330850310},
Key = {fds240321}
}
@article{fds240320,
Author = {Moreno, LI and Salas, IC and Glander, KE},
Title = {Breech delivery and birth-related behaviors in wild mantled
howling monkeys.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {23},
Number = {3},
Pages = {197-199},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1991FB43000005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {The breech birth of an infant mantled howling monkey was
observed on February 12, 1990. The mother assisted the
successful delivery by pulling on the infant's tail and
hindleg. No other members of the social group attended the
mother or demonstrated any interest in the birth
process.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.1350230306},
Key = {fds240320}
}
@article{fds303335,
Author = {Glander, KE and Fedigan, LM and Fedigan, L and Chapman,
C},
Title = {Field methods for capture and measurement of three monkey
species in Costa Rica.},
Journal = {Folia primatologica; international journal of
primatology},
Volume = {57},
Number = {2},
Pages = {70-82},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0015-5713},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1786909},
Abstract = {A total of 54 free-ranging monkeys were captured and marked
in Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica, during May 1985,
and an additional 17 were captured during March 1986. The
animals were darted using a blowpipe or a CO2 gun. The drugs
used were Ketaset, Sernylan and Telazol. Ketaset was
effective for Cebus capucinus but unsuccessful for Alouatta
palliata and Ateles geoffroyi. Sernylan was successful for
A. geoffroyi and A. palliata but is no longer commercially
available. Telazol proved to be an excellent alternative
capture drug for both A. palliata and A.
geoffroyi.},
Doi = {10.1159/000156567},
Key = {fds303335}
}
@article{fds31130,
Author = {K.E. Glander},
Title = {Neotropical Rainforest Mammals. A Field Guide},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {12},
Pages = {315-317},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press, Chicago},
Editor = {L.H. Emmons},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds31130}
}
@article{fds31131,
Author = {K.E. Glander},
Title = {Mammals of the Neotropics. The Northern Neotropics. Volume
1. Panama, Columbia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, French
Guiana},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {12},
Pages = {315-317},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 449
pages},
Editor = {J.F. Eisenberg},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds31131}
}
@article{fds240322,
Author = {Glander, KE and Fedigan, LM and Fedigan, L and Chapman,
C},
Title = {Capture techniques and measurements of three monkey species
in Costa Rica},
Journal = {Folia Prim},
Volume = {57},
Number = {2},
Pages = {70-82},
Year = {1991},
ISSN = {0015-5713},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1786909},
Abstract = {A total of 54 free-ranging monkeys were captured and marked
in Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica, during May 1985,
and an additional 17 were captured during March 1986. The
animals were darted using a blowpipe or a CO2 gun. The drugs
used were Ketaset, Sernylan and Telazol. Ketaset was
effective for Cebus capucinus but unsuccessful for Alouatta
palliata and Ateles geoffroyi. Sernylan was successful for
A. geoffroyi and A. palliata but is no longer commercially
available. Telazol proved to be an excellent alternative
capture drug for both A. palliata and A.
geoffroyi.},
Doi = {10.1159/000156567},
Key = {fds240322}
}
@article{fds341089,
Author = {Glander, KE and Moreno, LI and Salas, IC},
Title = {Breech delivery and birth-related behaviors in wild mantled
howling monkeys},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds341089}
}
@article{fds240318,
Author = {Stuart, MD and Greenspan, LL and Glander, KE and Clarke,
MR},
Title = {A coprological survey of parasites of wild mantled howling
monkeys, Alouatta palliata palliata.},
Journal = {Journal of wildlife diseases},
Volume = {26},
Number = {4},
Pages = {547-549},
Year = {1990},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0090-3558},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2250334},
Abstract = {Fecal samples from 155 mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta
palliata palliata) examined at Centro Ecologico La Pacifica,
Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica, revealed 75 (48%) had
parasitic infections. A sampling of nine howling monkeys
from Santa Rosa National Park. Costa Rica indicated only one
infected animal (11%). Only three of 19 (16%) spider monkeys
(Ateles geoffroyi) also from Santa Rosa were infected.
Controrchis biliophilus, Trypanoxyuris minutus, unidentified
strongylid eggs and Isospora sp. oocysts were found. Three
monkeys from La Pacifica died and were examined for adult
helminths. They were infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, C.
biliophilus and T. minutus.},
Doi = {10.7589/0090-3558-26.4.547},
Key = {fds240318}
}
@article{fds240274,
Author = {TEAFORD, MF and GLANDER, KE},
Title = {DENTAL MICROWEAR IN LIVE, WILD-TRAPPED ALOUATTA FROM
COSTA-RICA},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {81},
Number = {2},
Pages = {306-307},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1990},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1990CQ19800380&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240274}
}
@article{fds240281,
Author = {GLANDER, KE and WRIGHT, PC and DANIELS, PS},
Title = {MORPHOMETRICS OF 6 RAIN-FOREST PROSIMIAN SPECIES FROM
SOUTHEASTERN MADAGASCAR},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {81},
Number = {2},
Pages = {229-229},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1990},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1990CQ19800142&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240281}
}
@article{fds240297,
Author = {Sa, LD and M, R and Pope, TR and Glander, KE and Struhsaker, TT and Fonseca, GABD},
Title = {. A pilot study of genetic and morphological variation in
the muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides)},
Journal = {Prim. Conserv},
Volume = {11},
Pages = {26-30},
Year = {1990},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7013 Duke open
access},
Key = {fds240297}
}
@article{fds240319,
Author = {Glander, KE and Wright, PC and Seigler, DS and Randrianasolo, V and Randrianasolo, B},
Title = {Consumption of cyanogenic bamboo by a newly discovered
species of bamboo lemur.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {19},
Number = {2},
Pages = {119-124},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1989},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1989CF97800004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Three species of bamboo-eating lemurs were found to be
sympatric in the southeastern rain forests of Madagascar.
Sympatric species generally differ in habitat utilization or
diet, but these three closely related bamboo lemurs lived in
the same habitat and all ate bamboo. Behavioral observation
revealed that they did select different parts of the bamboo,
and chemical analyses confirmed that there was a difference
in the secondary compound content present in those
selections. The growing tips of Cephalostachyum ef uiguieri
selected by the golden bamboo lemur (Hapalemuraureus)
contained 15 mg of cyanide per 100 g fresh weight bamboo
while the leaves of C. perrieri selected by the gentle
bamboo lemur (H. griseus)and the mature culms of C. cf
uiguieri selected by the greater bamboolemur (H. simus) did
not contain cyanide. Since each individual golden bamboo
lemur ate about 500 g of bamboo per day, they daily
ingestedabout 12 times the lethal dose of cyanide. The
mechanism by which this small primate avoids the acute and
chronic symptoms of cyanide poisioning is
unknown.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.1350190205},
Key = {fds240319}
}
@article{fds31132,
Author = {K.E. Glander},
Title = {Ecology and Behavior of Food-enhanced Primate
Groups},
Journal = {Quarterly Review of Biology},
Volume = {64},
Series = {Monographs in Primatology, Volume II},
Pages = {368-369},
Publisher = {Alan R. Liss, New York},
Editor = {J.E. Fa and C.H. Southwick},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds31132}
}
@article{fds240317,
Author = {Chapman, CA and Chapman, L and Glander, KE},
Title = {Primate populations in Northwestern Costa Rica: potential
for recovery},
Journal = {Primate Conservation},
Volume = {10},
Pages = {37-44},
Year = {1989},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7087 Duke open
access},
Key = {fds240317}
}
@article{fds240354,
Author = {Chapman, CA and Glander, KE},
Title = {The monkeys of Lomas Barbudal},
Journal = {Bee Line},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {13},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds240354}
}
@article{fds240316,
Author = {Kay, RF and Plavcan, JM and Glander, KE and Wright,
PC},
Title = {Sexual selection and canine dimorphism in New World
monkeys.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {77},
Number = {3},
Pages = {385-397},
Year = {1988},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3228171},
Abstract = {Social and ecological factors are important in shaping
sexual dimorphism in Anthropoidea, but there is also a
tendency for body-size dimorphism and canine dimorphism to
increase with increased body size (Rensch's rule) (Rensch:
Evolution Above the Species Level. London: Methuen, 1959.)
Most ecologist interpret Rensch's rule to be a consequence
of social and ecological selective factors that covary with
body size, but recent claims have been advanced that
dimorphism is principally a consequence of selection for
increased body size alone. Here we assess the effects of
body size, body-size dimorphism, and social structure on
canine dimorphism among platyrrhine monkeys. Platyrrhine
species examined are classified into four behavioral groups
reflecting the intensity of intermale competition for access
to females or to limiting resources. As canine dimorphism
increases, so does the level of intermale competition. Those
species with monogamous and polyandrous social structures
have the lowest canine dimorphism, while those with
dominance rank hierarchies of males have the most canine
dimorphism. Species with fission-fusion social structures
and transitory intermale breeding-season competition fall
between these extremes. Among platyrrhines there is a
significant positive correlation between body size and
canine dimorphism However, within levels of competition, no
significant correlation was found between the two. Also,
with increased body size, body-size dimorphism tends to
increase, and this correlation holds in some cases within
competition levels. In an analysis of covariance, once the
level of intermale competition is controlled for, neither
molar size nor molar-size dimorphism accounts for a
significant part of the variance in canine dimorphism. A
similar analysis using body weight as a measure of size and
dimorphism yields a less clear-cut picture: body weight
contributes significantly to the model when the effects of
the other factors are controlled. Finally, in a model using
head and body length as a measure of size and dimorphism,
all factors and the interactions between them are
significant. We conclude that intermale competition among
platyrrhine species is the most important factor explaining
variations in canine dimorphism. The significant effects of
size and size dimorphism in some models may be evidence that
natural (as opposed to sexual) selection also plays a role
in the evolution of increased canine dimorphism.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330770311},
Key = {fds240316}
}
@article{fds240315,
Author = {Fedigan, LM and Fedigan, L and Chapman, C and Glander,
KE},
Title = {Spider monkey home ranges: A comparison of radio telemetry
and direct observation.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {16},
Number = {1},
Pages = {19-29},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1988},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1988Q455000003&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {The ranging patterns of two male and five female spider
monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) were studied with the use of
radio telemetry in Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica. The
average size of a spider monkey home range was 62.4
hectares; however, range size varied with sex, and, for
females, with the presence of a dependent infant. The
probability of encountering a radio-collared spider monkey
in a three-hour search using radio telemetry (0.91) was much
greater than using a visual search (0.20), and telemetric
data resulted in a larger estimate of mean home range size
than did observational data, when all subjects were
compared. However, the difference appeared to be owing to
the presence of male ranges in the telemetric, but not the
observational, data. When the size of home ranges derived
from radio-tracking data for adult females was compared to
size of ranges for adult females derived from observations,
the results were not significantly different. Adult males
had larger home ranges than adult females, thus lending
support to the hypothesis that males have adapted to the
dispersion of females by occupying a large home range that
overlaps the ranges of several adult females. The smallest
home ranges were occupied by low-weight females with
dependent infants, perhaps reflecting social and energetic
constraints.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.1350160104},
Key = {fds240315}
}
@misc{fds240241,
Author = {Neville, Melvia K. and Glander, KE and Brata, Francisco and Rylands, Anthony B.},
Title = {The howling monkeys, Genus Alouatta},
Volume = {2},
Series = {Vol. II},
Pages = {349-453},
Booktitle = {Ecology and behavior of neotropical primates},
Publisher = {World Wildlife Fund},
Editor = {Mittermeier, RA and Rylands, A.B. and Coimbra-Filho, A.F. and da
Fonseca, G.A.B.},
Year = {1988},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7086 Duke open
access},
Key = {fds240241}
}
@article{fds240276,
Author = {GLANDER, KE},
Title = {MORPHOMETRICS OF THE GENUS ALOUATTA},
Journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {8},
Number = {5},
Pages = {429-429},
Publisher = {PLENUM PUBL CORP},
Year = {1987},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1987N984100060&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240276}
}
@article{fds240289,
Author = {GLANDER, KE and WHITEHEAD, J and SCHON, M and CHAPMAN, C and CLARKE, M and MILTON, K and POPE, T and ESTRADA, A and CROCKETT,
C},
Title = {HOWLING MONKEYS - PAST AND PRESENT},
Journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {8},
Number = {5},
Pages = {403-403},
Publisher = {PLENUM PUBL CORP},
Year = {1987},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1987N984100004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240289}
}
@article{fds240258,
Author = {BURTON, AS and GLANDER, KE},
Title = {SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION IN VARECIA-VARIEGATA},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {72},
Number = {2},
Pages = {184-184},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1987},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1987G108000034&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240258}
}
@article{fds240273,
Author = {KAY, RF and PLAVCAN, JM and WRIGHT, PC and GLANDER, KE and ALBRECHT,
GH},
Title = {BEHAVIORAL AND SIZE CORRELATES OF CANINE DIMORPHISM IN
PLATYRRHINE PRIMATES},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {72},
Number = {2},
Pages = {218-218},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1987},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1987G108000138&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240273}
}
@article{fds240314,
Author = {Clark, SB and Tercyak, AM and Glander, KE},
Title = {Plasma lipoproteins of free-ranging howling monkeys
(Alouatta palliata).},
Journal = {Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative
biochemistry},
Volume = {88},
Number = {3},
Pages = {729-735},
Year = {1987},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0305-0491},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3427910},
Abstract = {1. Plasma lipids and lipoproteins of free-ranging howling
monkeys from Costa Rica (Alouatta palliata), aged 5 months
to 23 years, were characterized. 2. High density
lipoproteins were lipid-rich, similar to HDL2 of human
plasma. 3. Fatty acid compositions of major lipid classes of
very low, low and high density lipoproteins differed among
social groups, possibly due to both dietary and genetic
factors. 4. Low and high density lipoprotein phospholipids
were enriched in phosphatidylethanolamine. 5. Howler plasma
cross reacted with antihuman apoA-I antibodies but not with
antihuman LDL antibodies. 6. No dimeric form of apoA-II was
present, unlike human apoA-II.},
Doi = {10.1016/0305-0491(87)90236-7},
Key = {fds240314}
}
@misc{fds31125,
Author = {Glander, K.E. Produced and filmed videotape},
Title = {"The Golden Bamboo Lemur: A Cry for Help". 9 minutes, VHS,
color. A look at a newly discovered species of bamboo lemur
plus other primates in south-eastern Madagascar},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds31125}
}
@article{fds240272,
Author = {Glander, KE},
Title = {Biological Anthropology: Infanticide: Comparative and
Evolutionary Perspectives. Glenn Hausfate. and
Sarah Blaffer Hrdy. eds},
Journal = {American Anthropologist},
Volume = {88},
Number = {1},
Pages = {228-229},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Editor = {G. Hausfater and S. Blaffer Hrdy},
Year = {1986},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-7294},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1986A568600072&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1525/aa.1986.88.1.02a00690},
Key = {fds240272}
}
@article{fds240262,
Author = {GLANDER, KE},
Title = {TESTING PREDICTIONS BASED ON INFANTICIDE
THEORY},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {10},
Number = {4},
Pages = {403-403},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1986},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1986C510300058&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240262}
}
@article{fds240261,
Author = {Glander, KE},
Title = {Biological Anthropology: Adaptations for Foraging in
Nonhuman Primates: Contributions to an Organismal Biology of
Prosimians, Monkeys, and Apes. Peter S. Rodman
and John G. H. Cant, eds},
Journal = {American Anthropologist},
Volume = {87},
Number = {2},
Pages = {432-433},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Editor = {P.S. Rodman and J.G.H. Cant},
Year = {1985},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0002-7294},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1985ALH0600049&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1525/aa.1985.87.2.02a00410},
Key = {fds240261}
}
@article{fds240313,
Author = {Glander, KE and Freed, BZ and Ganzhorn, JU},
Title = {Meat eating and predation in captive‐born
semi‐free‐ranging Lemur fulvus and caged Lemur
macaco},
Journal = {Zoo Biology},
Volume = {4},
Number = {4},
Pages = {361-365},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1985},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0733-3188},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1985AVK7600005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {A group of brown lemurs, Lemur fulvus, and a group of black
lemurs, Lemur macaco, at the Duke University Center for the
Study of Primate Biology and History have been observed to
capture and eat birds and lizards. Although vertebrate prey
are not unusual for many carnivorous prosimians, folivorous
prosimians never have been observed to take vertebrates in
the wild and rarely even insects. Copyright © 1985
Wiley‐Liss, Inc., A Wiley Company},
Doi = {10.1002/zoo.1430040406},
Key = {fds240313}
}
@article{fds240254,
Author = {GLANDER, KE},
Title = {GROUP COMPOSITION IN MANTLED HOWLING MONKEYS DURING THE PAST
12 YEARS},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {63},
Number = {2},
Pages = {163-163},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1984},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1984SE46800100&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240254}
}
@article{fds240312,
Author = {Glander, KE and Tapia R and J and Fachin T and A},
Title = {The impact of cropping on wild populations of Saguinus
mystax and Saguinus fuscicollis in Peru.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {7},
Number = {2},
Pages = {89-97},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1984},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1984TM32500002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {A transect census technique was used to estimate the
population densities of Saguinus mystax and Saguinus
fuscicollis at two sites in Peru. Cropping of these two
species had occurred five years before the census at one
site and two years before at the other. The populations of
S. mystax at both sites had recovered completely from
cropping, and the relationship between S. mystax and S.
fuscicollis had not been altered at one site and had been
reversed in favor of S. mystax at the other.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.1350070203},
Key = {fds240312}
}
@misc{fds240242,
Author = {Clarke, Margaret R. and Glander, KE},
Title = {Female reproductive success in a group of free-ranging
howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in Costa
Rica},
Pages = {111-126},
Booktitle = {Female Primates: Studies by Women Primatologists},
Publisher = {New York},
Editor = {Small, M. and Liss, A. R.},
Year = {1984},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7085 Duke open
access},
Key = {fds240242}
}
@article{fds240250,
Author = {GLANDER, KE and FREED, BZ and GANZHORN, J},
Title = {MEAT EATING BY CAPTIVE LEMURS},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {4},
Number = {4},
Pages = {343-344},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1983},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1983RD09900068&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240250}
}
@article{fds240263,
Author = {GLANDER, KE},
Title = {LEMURS IN A NORTH-CAROLINA FOREST},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {4},
Number = {4},
Pages = {332-332},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1983},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1983RD09900035&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240263}
}
@article{fds240268,
Author = {CLARKE, MR and GLANDER, KE},
Title = {VARIABILITY IN REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS OF FREE-RANGING FEMALE
MANTLED HOWLERS OVER AN 11 YEAR PERIOD},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {4},
Number = {4},
Pages = {340-340},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1983},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1983RD09900058&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240268}
}
@article{fds240311,
Author = {Glander, KE and Rabin, DP},
Title = {Food choice from endemic North Carolina tree species by
captive prosimians (Lemur fulvus).},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {5},
Number = {3},
Pages = {221-229},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1983},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1983RR06000005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Seven captive-born lemurs (Lemur fulvus) at the Duke
University Primate Center were presented with leaves of
different maturity from five species of North Carolina
trees. The animals demonstrated three distinct behaviors
toward the novel plant material. They sniffed, tasted,
and/or ingested it. New leaves were sniffed, but little
tasting and ingestion was observed. Intermediate pine
needles were sniffed and ingested but little tasted. Mature
leaves were sniffed equally, but the mature leaves of tulip
trees and honeysuckle were tasted significantly more than
pine, sweetgum, and red maple. Pine, sweetgum, and red maple
were ingested significantly more than tulip trees and
honeysuckle. Male lemurs ate significantly more mature pine
needles and new sweetgum leaves than did the females.
Chemical analysis of these plant materials indicated that
the new and mature leaves of tulip tree and honeysuckle
contained alkaloids. Captive-born lemurs apparently use
their sense of smell and taste in choosing what to eat and
seem just as capable as free-ranging animals in finding food
when faced with the chemical defenses that protect trees
from insect predation.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.1350050306},
Key = {fds240311}
}
@article{fds31188,
Author = {Glander, K.E.},
Title = {The effects of trapping and removal on tamarin populations
in Peru},
Series = {IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group Newsletter},
Number = {3},
Pages = {19-20},
Year = {1983},
Key = {fds31188}
}
@misc{fds31124,
Author = {Glander, K.E. Produced and filmed and edited
videotape},
Title = {"Lemurs In A North Carolina Forest". 38 minutes, VHS, color.
Documents the release of captive-born lemurs in a North
Carolina forest. Follows them over two years},
Year = {1983},
Key = {fds31124}
}
@misc{fds240243,
Author = {Glander, KE},
Title = {Alouatta palliata},
Pages = {448-449},
Booktitle = {Costa Rican Natural History},
Publisher = {University Of Chicago Press},
Editor = {Janzen, DH},
Year = {1983},
ISBN = {9780226393346},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7084 Duke open
access},
Key = {fds240243}
}
@article{fds240310,
Author = {Glander, KE},
Title = {The impact of plant secondary compounds on primate feeding
behavior},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {25},
Number = {3 S},
Pages = {1-18},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1982},
Month = {January},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/6290 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {The recent literature on plant secondary compounds and their
influence on primate feeding behavior is reviewed. Many
studies of nonhuman primates document the extreme
selectivity that primates, particularly herbivorous species,
demonstrate in their food choice. Until quite recently
investigators interpreted this to mean that herbivorous
primates were not food limited. This view has been
challenged in the past 10 years by researchers concentrating
on the primate–plant interaction. Chemical analyses have
demonstrated that plant parts are of varying quality due to
differences in nutrient and secondary compound content. The
assumption that all leaves (or fruits, flowers, and insects)
are potential foods of equal value to the primates eating
them is refuted. The observed selectivity and preferences of
primates for specific plant or insect species and parts are
now viewed as strategies for dealing with the nutrient and
secondary compound content variation in these foods.
Copyright © 1982 Wiley‐Liss, Inc., A Wiley
Company},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330250503},
Key = {fds240310}
}
@article{fds240288,
Author = {GLANDER, KE and CLARKE, MR},
Title = {SEX-RATIO AND DIFFERENTIAL MORTALITY IN HOWLING
MONKEYS},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {54},
Number = {2},
Pages = {225-225},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1981},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1981LG31200087&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240288}
}
@article{fds240309,
Author = {Clarke, MR and Glander, KE},
Title = {Adoption of infant howling monkeys (Alouatta
palliata).},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {1},
Number = {4},
Pages = {469-472},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1981},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1981MT54400012&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {During 3 years of continuous field observations on mantled
howlers (Alouatta palliata Gray) in Costa Rica we observed
five infants without mothers in the main study group. Four
of these infants solicited care and two were adopted (one
permanently, one temporarily) by lactating females. The
other two were carried but not adopted. The fifth neither
solicited nor received care. An infant must solicit care to
receive care, and female howlers apparently can suckle more
than one infant at a time.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.1350010413},
Key = {fds240309}
}
@misc{fds240244,
Author = {Glander, KE},
Title = {Feeding patterns in mantled howling monkeys},
Pages = {231-259},
Booktitle = {Foraging Behavior: Ecological, Ethological, and
Psychological Approaches},
Publisher = {Garland Press},
Editor = {Kamil, A. and Sargent, T. D.},
Year = {1981},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7083 Duke open
access},
Key = {fds240244}
}
@article{fds240307,
Author = {Glander, KE},
Title = {Reproduction and population growth in free-ranging mantled
howling monkeys.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {53},
Number = {1},
Pages = {25-36},
Year = {1980},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7416246},
Abstract = {Free-ranging mantled howling monkey (Alouatta palliata Gray)
females experienced a regular estrus cycle averaging 16.3
days, demonstrated sexual skin changes, and participated in
multiple matings before becoming pregnant. Gestation
averaged 186 days. The average interval between births was
22.5 months. Sexual maturity occurred at approximately 36
and 42 months for females and males, respectively. Female
age at first birth was about 3 1/2 years. Births were
scattered during some years and clustered during others. The
age, rank, and parity of the females affected infant
survival. More female than male infants survived to one year
of age. Increased population size was the result of
immigration rather than births.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330530106},
Key = {fds240307}
}
@article{fds240308,
Author = {Glander, KE},
Title = {Feeding Associations Between Howling Monkeys and Basilisk
Lizards},
Journal = {Biotropica},
Volume = {11},
Number = {3},
Pages = {235-235},
Publisher = {JSTOR},
Year = {1979},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0006-3606},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1979HR86700009&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.2307/2388044},
Key = {fds240308}
}
@article{fds240280,
Author = {Glander, KE},
Title = {Physical Anthropology: Perspectives in Ethology. Volume 3,
Social Behavior. P. P. G. Bateson and Peter H.
Klopfer.},
Journal = {American Anthropologist},
Volume = {81},
Number = {2},
Pages = {449-449},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Editor = {P.P.G. Bateson and P.H. Klopfer},
Year = {1979},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0002-7294},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1979GZ97200113&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1525/aa.1979.81.2.02a00990},
Key = {fds240280}
}
@article{fds240252,
Author = {GLANDER, KE},
Title = {FEEDING STRATEGIES AND DIETARY OPTIMIZATION},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {50},
Number = {3},
Pages = {442-442},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1979},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1979GM16600115&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240252}
}
@article{fds240306,
Author = {ROCKWOOD, LL and GLANDER, KE},
Title = {HOWLING MONKEYS AND LEAF-CUTTING ANTS - COMPARATIVE FORAGING
IN A TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FOREST},
Journal = {BIOTROPICA},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-10},
Publisher = {ASSOC TROPICAL BIOLOGY INC},
Year = {1979},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0006-3606},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1979GX78900001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240306}
}
@misc{fds240245,
Author = {Glander, KE},
Title = {Howling monkey feeding behavior and plant secondary
compounds: A study of strategies},
Pages = {561-573},
Booktitle = {The Ecology of arboreal folivores},
Publisher = {Smithsonian Inst Pr},
Editor = {Montgomery, GG},
Year = {1978},
Month = {June},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7082 Duke open
access},
Key = {fds240245}
}
@article{fds240287,
Author = {Glander, KE},
Title = {Neotropical primates: Field studies and conservation. Edited
by R. W. Thorington, Jr. and P. G. Heltne. National Academy
of Sciences, Washington, D.C. 1976. v + 135 pp., figures,
tables, bibliography, index. $10.25 (paper)},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {48},
Number = {3},
Pages = {368-369},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {1978},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1978EQ62800012&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330480313},
Key = {fds240287}
}
@article{fds240305,
Author = {Glander, KE},
Title = {Drinking from arboreal water sources by mantled howling
monkeys (Alouatta palliata Gray).},
Journal = {Folia primatologica; international journal of
primatology},
Volume = {29},
Number = {3},
Pages = {206-217},
Year = {1978},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0015-5713},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/417985},
Abstract = {Despite occasional trips to the ground and feeding in trees
whose canopies touched the river, mantled howling monkeys
were never seen to drink from any ground water. Drinking
from arboreal cisterns was observed, but only during the wet
season (meteorologically the less stressful season but
phenologically the more stressful season). The lack of
sufficient new leaves during the wet season forced the
howlers to ingest more mature leaves which contained
significantly less water. To compensate for the lowered
amount of water in their food, the monkeys utilized arboreal
water cisterns. The cisterns dried up during the dry season,
but the howlers maintained their water balance by altering
their time of actiivity and selecting a diet comprised
largely of succulent new leaves. The effect of
plant-produced secondary compounds on drinking also was
discussed.},
Doi = {10.1159/000155840},
Key = {fds240305}
}
@misc{fds240236,
Author = {Scott Jr. and Norman J. and Malmgren, Linda A. and Glander,
KE},
Title = {Grouping Behavior and Sex Ratio in Mantled Howling
Monkeys},
Pages = {183-185},
Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of the
International Primatological Society},
Publisher = {Academic Press},
Editor = {Chivers, D.J. and Lane-Petter, W.},
Year = {1978},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7479 Duke open
access},
Key = {fds240236}
}
@article{fds240284,
Author = {GLANDER, KE},
Title = {SECONDARY COMPOUNDS AND FEEDING-BEHAVIOR OF LEAF-EATING
PRIMATES},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {47},
Number = {1},
Pages = {133-133},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1977},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1977DM20000087&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240284}
}
@article{fds240352,
Author = {GLANDER, KE},
Title = {POISON IN A MONKEYS GARDEN OF EDEN},
Journal = {NATURAL HISTORY},
Volume = {86},
Number = {3},
Pages = {34-41},
Publisher = {AMER MUSEUM NAT HISTORY},
Year = {1977},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0028-0712},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1977CV76200003&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240352}
}
@article{fds31139,
Author = {K.E. Glander},
Title = {Neotropical Primates: Field Studies and Conservation},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {48},
Pages = {368-369},
Publisher = {National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. 135
pages},
Editor = {R.W. Thorington, Jr. and P.G. Heltne},
Year = {1977},
Key = {fds31139}
}
@article{fds240293,
Author = {Glander, KE},
Title = {Barely known species.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {193},
Number = {4258},
Pages = {1115},
Publisher = {Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J. 264
pages},
Editor = {M. Moynihan},
Year = {1976},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17792746},
Doi = {10.1126/science.193.4258.1115},
Key = {fds240293}
}
@article{fds240246,
Author = {Scott, Norman J. and Struhsaker, Thomas T. and Glander, KE and Chirivi, Hernando},
Title = {Primates and their habitats in Northern Columbia with
recommendations for future management and
research},
Journal = {Pan American Health Organization},
Series = {PAHO Publication No. 317},
Number = {317},
Pages = {30-50},
Year = {1976},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7081 Duke open
access},
Key = {fds240246}
}
@misc{fds240247,
Author = {Glander, KE},
Title = {Habitat description and resource utilization: A preliminary
report on mantled howling monkey ecology},
Pages = {37-57},
Booktitle = {Socioecology and psychology of primates},
Publisher = {Mouton De Gruyter},
Editor = {Tuttle, R},
Year = {1975},
Month = {June},
ISBN = {9789027977090},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7080 Duke open
access},
Key = {fds240247}
}
@article{fds240267,
Author = {GLANDER, KE and GLANDER, MH},
Title = {DOMINANCE IN MANTLED HOWLING MONKEYS},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {42},
Number = {2},
Pages = {303-303},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1975},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1975V884600088&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240267}
}
@article{fds31202,
Author = {Struhsaker, T.T. and K.E. Glander and H. Chirivi and N.J. Scott,
Jr.},
Title = {A survey of primates and their habitats in Northern
Columbia},
Series = {A Report to the National Academy of Sciences,
PAHO},
Pages = {43-78},
Year = {1975},
Key = {fds31202}
}
%% Goldberg, Amy
@article{fds369942,
Author = {Hamid, I and Korunes, KL and Schrider, DR and Goldberg,
A},
Title = {Localizing Post-Admixture Adaptive Variants with Object
Detection on Ancestry-Painted Chromosomes.},
Journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
Volume = {40},
Number = {4},
Pages = {msad074},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Editor = {Rogers, R},
Year = {2023},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msad074},
Abstract = {Gene flow between previously differentiated populations
during the founding of an admixed or hybrid population has
the potential to introduce adaptive alleles into the new
population. If the adaptive allele is common in one source
population, but not the other, then as the adaptive allele
rises in frequency in the admixed population, genetic
ancestry from the source containing the adaptive allele will
increase nearby as well. Patterns of genetic ancestry have
therefore been used to identify post-admixture positive
selection in humans and other animals, including examples in
immunity, metabolism, and animal coloration. A common method
identifies regions of the genome that have local ancestry
"outliers" compared with the distribution across the rest of
the genome, considering each locus independently. However,
we lack theoretical models for expected distributions of
ancestry under various demographic scenarios, resulting in
potential false positives and false negatives. Further,
ancestry patterns between distant sites are often not
independent. As a result, current methods tend to infer wide
genomic regions containing many genes as under selection,
limiting biological interpretation. Instead, we develop a
deep learning object detection method applied to images
generated from local ancestry-painted genomes. This approach
preserves information from the surrounding genomic context
and avoids potential pitfalls of user-defined summary
statistics. We find the method is robust to a variety of
demographic misspecifications using simulated data. Applied
to human genotype data from Cabo Verde, we localize a known
adaptive locus to a single narrow region compared with
multiple or long windows obtained using two other
ancestry-based methods.},
Doi = {10.1093/molbev/msad074},
Key = {fds369942}
}
@article{fds364954,
Author = {Korunes, KL and Soares-Souza, GB and Bobrek, K and Tang, H and Araújo,
II and Goldberg, A and Beleza, S},
Title = {Sex-biased admixture and assortative mating shape genetic
variation and influence demographic inference in admixed
Cabo Verdeans.},
Journal = {G3 (Bethesda, Md.)},
Volume = {12},
Number = {10},
Pages = {jkac183},
Year = {2022},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkac183},
Abstract = {Genetic data can provide insights into population history,
but first, we must understand the patterns that complex
histories leave in genomes. Here, we consider the admixed
human population of Cabo Verde to understand the patterns of
genetic variation left by social and demographic processes.
First settled in the late 1400s, Cabo Verdeans are admixed
descendants of Portuguese colonizers and enslaved West
African people. We consider Cabo Verde's well-studied
historical record alongside genome-wide SNP data from 563
individuals from 4 regions within the archipelago. We use
genetic ancestry to test for patterns of nonrandom mating
and sex-specific gene flow, and we examine the consequences
of these processes for common demographic inference methods
and genetic patterns. Notably, multiple population genetic
tools that assume random mating underestimate the timing of
admixture, but incorporating nonrandom mating produces
estimates more consistent with historical records. We
consider how admixture interrupts common summaries of
genomic variation such as runs of homozygosity. While
summaries of runs of homozygosity may be difficult to
interpret in admixed populations, differentiating runs of
homozygosity by length class shows that runs of homozygosity
reflect historical differences between the islands in their
contributions from the source populations and postadmixture
population dynamics. Finally, we find higher African
ancestry on the X chromosome than on the autosomes,
consistent with an excess of European males and African
females contributing to the gene pool. Considering these
genomic insights into population history in the context of
Cabo Verde's historical record, we can identify how
assumptions in genetic models impact inference of population
history more broadly.},
Doi = {10.1093/g3journal/jkac183},
Key = {fds364954}
}
@article{fds362923,
Author = {Gopalan, S and Smith, SP and Korunes, K and Hamid, I and Ramachandran,
S and Goldberg, A},
Title = {Human genetic admixture through the lens of population
genomics.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {377},
Number = {1852},
Pages = {20200410},
Year = {2022},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0410},
Abstract = {Over the past 50 years, geneticists have made great strides
in understanding how our species' evolutionary history gave
rise to current patterns of human genetic diversity
classically summarized by Lewontin in his 1972 paper, 'The
Apportionment of Human Diversity'. One evolutionary process
that requires special attention in both population genetics
and statistical genetics is admixture: gene flow between two
or more previously separated source populations to form a
new admixed population. The admixture process introduces
ancestry-based structure into patterns of genetic variation
within and between populations, which in turn influences the
inference of demographic histories, identification of
genetic targets of selection and prediction of complex
traits. In this review, we outline some challenges for
admixture population genetics, including limitations of
applying methods designed for populations without recent
admixture to the study of admixed populations. We highlight
recent studies and methodological advances that aim to
overcome such challenges, leveraging genomic signatures of
admixture that occurred in the past tens of generations to
gain insights into human history, natural selection and
complex trait architecture. This article is part of the
theme issue 'Celebrating 50 years since Lewontin's
apportionment of human diversity'.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2020.0410},
Key = {fds362923}
}
@article{fds361870,
Author = {Voinson, M and Nunn, CL and Goldberg, A},
Title = {Primate malarias as a model for cross-species parasite
transmission.},
Journal = {eLife},
Volume = {11},
Pages = {e69628},
Year = {2022},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.69628},
Abstract = {Parasites regularly switch into new host species,
representing a disease burden and conservation risk to the
hosts. The distribution of these parasites also gives
insight into characteristics of ecological networks and
genetic mechanisms of host-parasite interactions. Some
parasites are shared across many species, whereas others
tend to be restricted to hosts from a single species.
Understanding the mechanisms producing this distribution of
host specificity can enable more effective interventions and
potentially identify genetic targets for vaccines or
therapies. As ecological connections between human and local
animal populations increase, the risk to human and wildlife
health from novel parasites also increases. Which of these
parasites will fizzle out and which have the potential to
become widespread in humans? We consider the case of primate
malarias, caused by <i>Plasmodium</i> parasites, to
investigate the interacting ecological and evolutionary
mechanisms that put human and nonhuman primates at risk for
infection. <i>Plasmodium</i> host switching from nonhuman
primates to humans led to ancient introductions of the most
common malaria-causing agents in humans today, and new
parasite switching is a growing threat, especially in Asia
and South America. Based on a wild host-<i>Plasmodium</i>
occurrence database, we highlight geographic areas of
concern and potential areas to target further sampling. We
also discuss methodological developments that will
facilitate clinical and field-based interventions to improve
human and wildlife health based on this eco-evolutionary
perspective.},
Doi = {10.7554/elife.69628},
Key = {fds361870}
}
@article{fds359963,
Author = {Ai, H and Zhang, M and Yang, B and Goldberg, A and Li, W and Ma, J and Brandt,
D and Zhang, Z and Nielsen, R and Huang, L},
Title = {Human-Mediated Admixture and Selection Shape the Diversity
on the Modern Swine (Sus scrofa) Y Chromosomes.},
Journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
Volume = {38},
Number = {11},
Pages = {5051-5065},
Year = {2021},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab230},
Abstract = {Throughout its distribution across Eurasia, domestic pig
(Sus scrofa) populations have acquired differences through
natural and artificial selection, and have often interbred.
We resequenced 80 Eurasian pigs from nine different Asian
and European breeds; we identify 42,288 reliable SNPs on the
Y chromosome in a panel of 103 males, among which 96.1% are
newly detected. Based on these new data, we elucidate the
evolutionary history of pigs through the lens of the Y
chromosome. We identify two highly divergent haplogroups:
one present only in Asia and one fixed in Europe but present
in some Asian populations. Analyzing the European haplotypes
present in Asian populations, we find evidence of three
independent waves of introgression from Europe to Asia in
last 200 years, agreeing well with the literature and
historical records. The diverse European lineages were
brought in China by humans and left significant imprints not
only on the autosomes but also on the Y chromosome of
geographically and genetically distinct Chinese pig breeds.
We also find a general excess of European ancestry on Y
chromosomes relative to autosomes in Chinese pigs, an
observation that cannot be explained solely by sex-biased
migration and genetic drift. The European Y haplotype is
associated with leaner meat production, and we hypothesize
that the European Y chromosome increased in frequency in
Chinese populations due to artificial selection. We find
evidence of Y chromosomal gene flow between Sumatran wild
boar and Chinese pigs. Our results demonstrate how
human-mediated admixture and selection shaped the
distribution of modern swine Y chromosomes.},
Doi = {10.1093/molbev/msab230},
Key = {fds359963}
}
@article{fds355709,
Author = {Kim, J and Edge, MD and Goldberg, A and Rosenberg,
NA},
Title = {Skin deep: The decoupling of genetic admixture levels from
phenotypes that differed between source populations.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {175},
Number = {2},
Pages = {406-421},
Year = {2021},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24261},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>In genetic admixture processes, source
groups for an admixed population possess distinct patterns
of genotype and phenotype at the onset of admixture.
Particularly in the context of recent and ongoing admixture,
such differences are sometimes taken to serve as markers of
ancestry for individuals-that is, phenotypes initially
associated with the ancestral background in one source
population are assumed to continue to reflect ancestry in
that population. Such phenotypes might possess ongoing
significance in social categorizations of individuals, owing
in part to perceived continuing correlations with ancestry.
However, genotypes or phenotypes initially associated with
ancestry in one specific source population have been seen to
decouple from overall admixture levels, so that they no
longer serve as proxies for genetic ancestry. Here, we aim
to develop an understanding of the joint dynamics of
admixture levels and phenotype distributions in an admixed
population.<h4>Methods</h4>We devise a mechanistic model,
consisting of an admixture model, a quantitative trait
model, and a mating model. We analyze the behavior of the
mechanistic model in relation to the model
parameters.<h4>Results</h4>We find that it is possible for
the decoupling of genetic ancestry and phenotype to proceed
quickly, and that it occurs faster if the phenotype is
driven by fewer loci. Positive assortative mating attenuates
the process of dissociation relative to a scenario in which
mating is random with respect to genetic admixture and with
respect to phenotype.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The mechanistic
framework suggests that in an admixed population, a trait
that initially differed between source populations might
serve as a reliable proxy for ancestry for only a short
time, especially if the trait is determined by few loci. It
follows that a social categorization based on such a trait
is increasingly uninformative about genetic ancestry and
about other traits that differed between source populations
at the onset of admixture.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.24261},
Key = {fds355709}
}
@article{fds366028,
Author = {Voinson, M and Nunn, C and Goldberg, A},
Title = {Primate malarias as a model for cross-species parasite
transmission},
Year = {2021},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.32942/osf.io/zk2dq},
Abstract = {<p>Parasites regularly switch into new host species,
representing a disease burden and conservation risk to the
hosts. The distribution of these parasites also gives
insight into characteristics of ecological networks and
genetic mechanisms of host-parasite interactions. Some
parasites are shared across many species, whereas others
tend to be restricted to hosts from a single species.
Understanding the mechanisms producing this distribution of
host specificity can enable more effective interventions and
potentially identify genetic targets for vaccines or
therapies. With increasing ecological connections to local
animal populations, the risk to human health is increasing.
Which of these parasites will fizzle out and which have
potential to become widespread in humans? We consider the
case of primate malarias, caused by Plasmodium parasites, to
understand the interacting ecological and evolutionary
mechanisms that put humans at risk for disease. Plasmodium
host switching from primates to humans led to ancient
introductions of the most common malaria-causing agents in
humans today, and new parasite switching is a growing
threat, especially in Asia and South America. Based on a
wild host-Plasmodium occurrence database, we highlight
geographic areas of concern and potential areas to target
further sampling. Finally, we discuss methodological
developments that will facilitate clinical and field-based
interventions to improve human health based on this
eco-evolutionary perspective.</p>},
Doi = {10.32942/osf.io/zk2dq},
Key = {fds366028}
}
@article{fds355550,
Author = {Korunes, KL and Goldberg, A},
Title = {Human genetic admixture.},
Journal = {PLoS genetics},
Volume = {17},
Number = {3},
Pages = {e1009374},
Year = {2021},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009374},
Abstract = {Throughout human history, large-scale migrations have
facilitated the formation of populations with ancestry from
multiple previously separated populations. This process
leads to subsequent shuffling of genetic ancestry through
recombination, producing variation in ancestry between
populations, among individuals in a population, and along
the genome within an individual. Recent methodological and
empirical developments have elucidated the genomic
signatures of this admixture process, bringing previously
understudied admixed populations to the forefront of
population and medical genetics. Under this theme, we
present a collection of recent PLOS Genetics publications
that exemplify recent progress in human genetic admixture
studies, and we discuss potential areas for future
work.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pgen.1009374},
Key = {fds355550}
}
@article{fds354581,
Author = {Hamid, I and Korunes, KL and Beleza, S and Goldberg,
A},
Title = {Rapid adaptation to malaria facilitated by admixture in the
human population of Cabo Verde.},
Journal = {eLife},
Volume = {10},
Pages = {e63177},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.63177},
Abstract = {Humans have undergone large migrations over the past
hundreds to thousands of years, exposing ourselves to new
environments and selective pressures. Yet, evidence of
ongoing or recent selection in humans is difficult to
detect. Many of these migrations also resulted in gene flow
between previously separated populations. These recently
admixed populations provide unique opportunities to study
rapid evolution in humans. Developing methods based on
distributions of local ancestry, we demonstrate that this
sort of genetic exchange has facilitated detectable
adaptation to a malaria parasite in the admixed population
of Cabo Verde within the last ~20 generations. We estimate
that the selection coefficient is approximately 0.08, one of
the highest inferred in humans. Notably, we show that this
strong selection at a single locus has likely affected
patterns of ancestry genome-wide, potentially biasing
demographic inference. Our study provides evidence of
adaptation in a human population on historical
timescales.},
Doi = {10.7554/elife.63177},
Key = {fds354581}
}
@misc{fds355710,
Author = {Agusto, F and Goldberg, A and Ortega, O and Ponce, J and Zaytseva, S and Sindi, S and Blower, S},
Title = {How Do Interventions Impact Malaria Dynamics Between
Neighboring Countries? A Case Study with Botswana and
Zimbabwe},
Volume = {22},
Pages = {83-109},
Booktitle = {Association for Women in Mathematics Series},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57129-0_5},
Abstract = {Malaria is a vector-borne disease that is responsible for
over 400,000 deaths per year. Although countries around the
world have taken measures to decrease the incidence of
malaria, many regions remain endemic. Indeed, progress
towards elimination has stalled in multiple countries. While
control efforts are largely focused at the national level,
the movement of individuals between countries may complicate
the efficacy of elimination efforts. Here, we consider the
case of neighboring countries Botswana and Zimbabwe,
connected by human mobility. Both have improved malaria
interventions in recent years with differing success. We use
a two-patch Ross-MacDonald model with Lagrangian human
mobility to examine the coupled disease dynamics between
these two countries. In particular, we are interested in the
impact that interventions for controlling malaria applied in
one country can have on the incidence of malaria in the
other country. We find that dynamics and interventions in
Zimbabwe can dramatically influence pathways to elimination
in Botswana, largely driven by Zimbabwe’s population size
and larger basic reproduction number.},
Doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-57129-0_5},
Key = {fds355710}
}
@article{fds349408,
Author = {Goldberg, A and Rastogi, A and Rosenberg, NA},
Title = {Assortative mating by population of origin in a mechanistic
model of admixture.},
Journal = {Theoretical population biology},
Volume = {134},
Pages = {129-146},
Year = {2020},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2020.02.004},
Abstract = {Populations whose mating pairs have levels of similarity in
phenotypes or genotypes that differ systematically from the
level expected under random mating are described as
experiencing assortative mating. Excess similarity in mating
pairs is termed positive assortative mating, and excess
dissimilarity is negative assortative mating. In humans,
empirical studies suggest that mating pairs from various
admixed populations - whose ancestry derives from two or
more source populations - possess correlated ancestry
components that indicate the occurrence of positive
assortative mating on the basis of ancestry. Generalizing a
two-sex mechanistic admixture model, we devise a model of
one form of ancestry-assortative mating that occurs through
preferential mating based on source population. Under the
model, we study the moments of the admixture fraction
distribution for different assumptions about mating
preferences, including both positive and negative
assortative mating by population. We demonstrate that
whereas the mean admixture under assortative mating is
equivalent to that of a corresponding randomly mating
population, the variance of admixture depends on the level
and direction of assortative mating. We consider two special
cases of assortative mating by population: first, a single
admixture event, and second, constant contributions to the
admixed population over time. In contrast to standard
settings in which positive assortment increases variation
within a population, certain assortative mating scenarios
allow the variance of admixture to decrease relative to a
corresponding randomly mating population: with the three
populations we consider, the variance-increasing effect of
positive assortative mating within a population might be
overwhelmed by a variance-decreasing effect emerging from
mating preferences involving other pairs of populations. The
effect of assortative mating is smaller on the X chromosome
than on the autosomes because inheritance of the X in males
depends only on the mother's ancestry, not on the mating
pair. Because the variance of admixture is informative about
the timing of admixture and possibly about sex-biased
admixture contributions, the effects of assortative mating
are important to consider in inferring features of
population history from distributions of admixture values.
Our model provides a framework to quantitatively study
assortative mating under flexible scenarios of admixture
over time.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tpb.2020.02.004},
Key = {fds349408}
}
@article{fds349643,
Author = {Kemp, ME and Mychajliw, AM and Wadman, J and Goldberg,
A},
Title = {7000 years of turnover: historical contingency and human
niche construction shape the Caribbean's Anthropocene
biota.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {287},
Number = {1927},
Pages = {20200447},
Year = {2020},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0447},
Abstract = {The human-mediated movement of species across biogeographic
boundaries-whether intentional or accidental-is dramatically
reshaping the modern world. Yet humans have been reshaping
ecosystems and translocating species for millennia, and
acknowledging the deeper roots of these phenomena is
important for contextualizing present-day biodiversity loss,
ecosystem functioning and management needs. Here, we present
the first database of terrestrial vertebrate species
introductions spanning the entire anthropogenic history of a
system: the Caribbean. We employ this approximately
7000-year dataset to assess the roles of historical
contingency and priority effects in shaping present-day
community structure and conservation outcomes, finding that
serial human colonization events contributed to habitat
modifications and species extinctions that shaped the
trajectories of subsequent species introductions by other
human groups. We contextualized spatial and temporal
patterns of species introductions within cultural practices
and population histories of Indigenous, colonial and modern
human societies, and show that the taxonomic and
biogeographic diversity of introduced species reflects
diversifying reasons for species introductions through time.
Recognition of the complex social and economic structures
across the 7000-year human history of the Caribbean provides
the necessary context for interpreting the formation of an
Anthropocene biota.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2020.0447},
Key = {fds349643}
}
@article{fds354167,
Author = {Hamid, I and Korunes, K and Beleza, S and Goldberg,
A},
Title = {Rapid adaptation to malaria facilitated by admixture in the
human population of Cabo Verde},
Year = {2020},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.01.278226},
Abstract = {Humans have undergone large migrations over the past
hundreds to thousands of years, exposing ourselves to new
environments and selective pressures. Yet, evidence of
ongoing or recent selection in humans is difficult to
detect. Many of these migrations also resulted in gene flow
between previously separated populations. These recently
admixed populations provide unique opportunities to study
rapid evolution in humans. Developing methods based on
distributions of local ancestry, we demonstrate that this
sort of genetic exchange has facilitated detectable
adaptation to a malaria parasite in the admixed population
of Cabo Verde within the last ∼20 generations. We estimate
the selection coefficient is approximately 0.08, one of the
highest inferred in humans. Notably, we show that this
strong selection at a single locus has likely affected
patterns of ancestry genome-wide, potentially biasing
demographic inference. Our study provides evidence of
adaptation in a human population on historical
timescales.},
Doi = {10.1101/2020.09.01.278226},
Key = {fds354167}
}
@article{fds366029,
Author = {Korunes, K and Soares-Souza, GB and Bobrek, K and Tang, H and Araújo,
II and Goldberg, A and Beleza, S},
Title = {Sex-biased admixture and assortative mating shape genetic
variation and influence demographic inference in admixed
Cabo Verdeans},
Year = {2020},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.14.422766},
Abstract = {Genetic data can provide insights into population history,
but first we must understand the patterns that complex
histories leave in genomes. Here, we consider the admixed
human population of Cabo Verde to understand the patterns of
genetic variation left by social and demographic processes.
First settled in the late 1400s, Cabo Verdeans are admixed
descendants of Portuguese colonizers and enslaved West
African people. We consider Cabo Verde’s well-studied
historical record alongside genome-wide SNP data from 563
individuals from 4 regions within the archipelago. We use
genetic ancestry to test for patterns of nonrandom mating
and sex-specific gene flow, and we examine the consequences
of these processes for common demographic inference methods
and for genetic patterns. Notably, multiple population
genetic tools that assume random mating underestimate the
timing of admixture, but incorporating non-random mating
produces estimates more consistent with historical records.
We consider how admixture interrupts common summaries of
genomic variation such as runs-of-homozygosity (ROH). While
summaries of ROH may be difficult to interpret in admixed
populations, differentiating ROH by length class shows that
ROH reflect historical differences between the islands in
their contributions from the source populations and
post-admixture population dynamics. Finally, we find higher
African ancestry on the X chromosome than on the autosomes,
consistent with an excess of European males and African
females contributing to the gene pool. Considering these
genomic insights into population history in the context of
Cabo Verde’s historical record, we can identify how
assumptions in genetic models impact inference of population
history more broadly.},
Doi = {10.1101/2020.12.14.422766},
Key = {fds366029}
}
@article{fds366768,
Author = {Alcala, N and Goldberg, A and Ramakrishnan, U and Rosenberg,
NA},
Title = {Coalescent Theory of Migration Network Motifs.},
Journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
Volume = {36},
Number = {10},
Pages = {2358-2374},
Year = {2019},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz136},
Abstract = {Natural populations display a variety of spatial
arrangements, each potentially with a distinctive impact on
genetic diversity and genetic differentiation among
subpopulations. Although the spatial arrangement of
populations can lead to intricate migration networks,
theoretical developments have focused mainly on a small
subset of such networks, emphasizing the island-migration
and stepping-stone models. In this study, we investigate all
small network motifs: the set of all possible migration
networks among populations subdivided into at most four
subpopulations. For each motif, we use coalescent theory to
derive expectations for three quantities that describe
genetic variation: nucleotide diversity, FST, and half-time
to equilibrium diversity. We describe the impact of network
properties on these quantities, finding that motifs with a
high mean node degree have the largest nucleotide diversity
and the longest time to equilibrium, whereas motifs with low
density have the largest FST. In addition, we show that the
motifs whose pattern of variation is most strongly
influenced by loss of a connection or a subpopulation are
those that can be split easily into disconnected components.
We illustrate our results using two example data sets-sky
island birds of genus Sholicola and Indian
tigers-identifying disturbance scenarios that produce the
greatest reduction in genetic diversity; for tigers, we also
compare the benefits of two assisted gene flow scenarios.
Our results have consequences for understanding the effect
of geography on genetic diversity, and they can assist in
designing strategies to alter population migration networks
toward maximizing genetic variation in the context of
conservation of endangered species.},
Doi = {10.1093/molbev/msz136},
Key = {fds366768}
}
@article{fds346384,
Author = {Kim, J and Edge, M and Goldberg, A and Rosenberg,
N},
Title = {Assortative mating and the dynamical decoupling of genetic
admixture levels from phenotypes that differ between source
populations},
Year = {2019},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/773663},
Abstract = {Abstract Source populations for an admixed population can
possess distinct patterns of genotype and pheno-type at the
beginning of the admixture process. Such differences are
sometimes taken to serve as markers of ancestry—that is,
phenotypes that are initially associated with the ancestral
background in one source population are taken to reflect
ancestry in that population. Examples exist, however, in
which genotypes or phenotypes initially associated with
ancestry in one source population have decoupled from
overall admixture levels, so that they no longer serve as
proxies for genetic ancestry. We develop a mechanistic model
for describing the joint dynamics of admixture levels and
phenotype distributions in an admixed population. The
approach includes a quantitative-genetic model that relates
a phenotype to underlying loci that affect its trait value.
We consider three forms of mating. First, individuals might
assort in a manner that is independent of the overall
genetic admixture level. Second, individuals might assort by
a quantitative phenotype that is initially correlated with
the genetic admixture level. Third, individuals might assort
by the genetic admixture level itself. Under the model, we
explore the relationship between genetic admixture level and
phenotype over time, studying the effect on this
relationship of the genetic architecture of the phenotype.
We find that the decoupling of genetic ancestry and
phenotype can occur surprisingly quickly, especially if the
phenotype is driven by a small number of loci. We also find
that positive assortative mating attenuates the process of
dissociation in relation to a scenario in which mating is
random with respect to genetic admixture and with respect to
phenotype. The mechanistic framework suggests that in an
admixed population, a trait that initially differed between
source populations might be a reliable proxy for ancestry
for only a short time, especially if the trait is determined
by relatively few loci. The results are potentially relevant
in admixed human populations, in which phenotypes that have
a perceived correlation with ancestry might have social
significance as ancestry markers, despite declining
correlations with ancestry over time. Author Summary Admixed
populations are populations that descend from two or more
populations that had been separated for a long time at the
beginning of the admixture process. The source populations
typically possess distinct patterns of genotype and
phenotype. Hence, early in the admixture process, phenotypes
of admixed individuals can provide information about the
extent to which these individuals possess ancestry in a
specific source population. To study correlations between
admixture levels and phenotypes that differ between source
populations, we construct a genetic and phenotypic model of
the dynamical process of admixture. Under the model, we show
that correlations between admixture levels and these
phenotypes dissipate over time—especially if the genetic
architecture of the phenotypes involves only a small number
of loci, or if mating in the admixed population is random
with respect to both the admixture levels and the
phenotypes. The result has the implication that a trait that
once reflected ancestry in a specific source population
might lose this ancestry correlation. As a consequence, in
human populations, after a sufficient length of time,
salient phenotypes that can have social meaning as ancestry
markers might no longer bear any relationship to genome-wide
genetic ancestry.},
Doi = {10.1101/773663},
Key = {fds346384}
}
@article{fds345875,
Author = {Goldberg, A and Rastogi, A and Rosenberg, N},
Title = {Assortative mating by population of origin in a mechanistic
model of admixture},
Year = {2019},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/743476},
Abstract = {Abstract Populations whose mating pairs have levels of
similarity in phenotypes or genotypes that differ
systematically from the level expected under random mating
are described as experiencing assortative mating. Excess
similarity in mating pairs is termed positive assortative
mating, and excess dissimilarity is negative assortative
mating. In humans, empirical studies suggest that mating
pairs from various admixed populations—whose ancestry
derives from two or more source populations—possess
correlated ancestry components that indicate the occurrence
of positive assortative mating on the basis of ancestry.
Generalizing a two-sex mechanistic admixture model, we
devise a model of one form of ancestry-assortative mating
that occurs through preferential mating based on source
population. Under the model, we study the moments of the
admixture fraction distribution for different assumptions
about mating preferences, including both positive and
negative assortative mating by population. We consider the
special cases of assortative mating by population that
involve a single admixture event and that consider a model
of constant contributions to the admixed population over
time. We demonstrate that whereas the mean admixture under
assortative mating is equivalent to that of a corresponding
randomly mating population, the variance of admixture
depends on the level and direction of assortative mating. In
contrast to standard settings in which positive assortment
increases variation within a population, certain assortative
mating scenarios allow the variance of admixture to decrease
relative to a corresponding randomly mating population: with
the three populations we consider, the variance-increasing
effect of positive assortative mating within a population
might be overwhelmed by a variance-decreasing effect
emerging from mating preferences involving other pairs of
populations. The effect of assortative mating is smaller on
the X chromosome than the autosomes because inheritance of
the X in males depends only on the mother’s ancestry, not
on the mating pair. Because the variance of admixture is
informative about the timing of admixture and possibly about
sex-biased admixture contributions, the effects of
assortative mating are important to consider in inferring
features of population history from distributions of
admixture values. Our model provides a framework to
quantitatively study assortative mating under flexible
scenarios of admixture over time.},
Doi = {10.1101/743476},
Key = {fds345875}
}
@article{fds342235,
Author = {Bobrek, K and Beleza, S and Goldberg, A},
Title = {Sex-biased admixture and geographic mating structure shape
genomic variation in Cape Verde},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {168},
Pages = {23-23},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds342235}
}
@article{fds354168,
Author = {Agusto, F and Goldberg, A and Ortega, O and Ponce, J and Zaytseva, S and Sindi, S and Blower, S},
Title = {How do interventions impact malaria dynamics between
neighboring countries? A case study with Botswana and
Zimbabwe},
Year = {2019},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/19013631},
Abstract = {Malaria is a vector-borne disease that is responsible for
over 400,000 deaths per year. Although countries around the
world have taken measures to decrease the incidence of
malaria, many regions remain endemic. Indeed, progress
towards elimination has stalled in multiple countries. While
control efforts are largely focused at the national level,
the movement of individuals between countries may complicate
the efficacy of elimination efforts. Here, we consider the
case of neighboring countries Botswana and Zimbabwe,
connected by human mobility. Both have improved malaria
rates in recent years with differing success. We use a
two-patch Ross-MacDonald Model with Lagrangian human
mobility to examine the coupled disease dynamics between
these two countries. In particular, we are interested in the
impact that interventions for controlling malaria applied in
one country can have on the incidence of malaria in the
other country. We find that dynamics and interventions in
Zimbabwe can dramatically influence pathways to elimination
in Botswana, largely driven by Zimbabwe’s population size
and larger basic reproduction number.},
Doi = {10.1101/19013631},
Key = {fds354168}
}
@article{fds354020,
Author = {Damgaard, PDB and Marchi, N and Rasmussen, S and Peyrot, M and Renaud,
G and Korneliussen, T and Moreno-Mayar, JV and Pedersen, MW and Goldberg, A and Usmanova, E and Baimukhanov, N and Loman, V and Hedeager, L and Pedersen, AG and Nielsen, K and Afanasiev, G and Akmatov, K and Aldashev, A and Alpaslan, A and Baimbetov, G and Bazaliiskii, VI and Beisenov, A and Boldbaatar, B and Boldgiv, B and Dorzhu, C and Ellingvag, S and Erdenebaatar, D and Dajani, R and Dmitriev, E and Evdokimov, V and Frei, KM and Gromov, A and Goryachev,
A and Hakonarson, H and Hegay, T and Khachatryan, Z and Khaskhanov, R and Kitov, E and Kolbina, A and Kubatbek, T and Kukushkin, A and Kukushkin,
I and Lau, N and Margaryan, A and Merkyte, I and Mertz, IV and Mertz, VK and Mijiddorj, E and Moiyesev, V and Mukhtarova, G and Nurmukhanbetov, B and Orozbekova, Z and Panyushkina, I and Pieta, K and Smrčka, V and Shevnina, I and Logvin, A and Sjögren, K-G and Štolcová, T and Taravella, AM and Tashbaeva, K and Tkachev, A and Tulegenov, T and Voyakin, D and Yepiskoposyan, L and Undrakhbold, S and Varfolomeev,
V and Weber, A and Wilson Sayres and MA and Kradin, N and Allentoft, ME and Orlando, L and Nielsen, R and Sikora, M and Heyer, E and Kristiansen, K and Willerslev, E},
Title = {137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian
steppes.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {557},
Number = {7705},
Pages = {369-374},
Year = {2018},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0094-2},
Abstract = {For thousands of years the Eurasian steppes have been a
centre of human migrations and cultural change. Here we
sequence the genomes of 137 ancient humans (about 1×
average coverage), covering a period of 4,000 years, to
understand the population history of the Eurasian steppes
after the Bronze Age migrations. We find that the genetics
of the Scythian groups that dominated the Eurasian steppes
throughout the Iron Age were highly structured, with diverse
origins comprising Late Bronze Age herders, European farmers
and southern Siberian hunter-gatherers. Later, Scythians
admixed with the eastern steppe nomads who formed the
Xiongnu confederations, and moved westward in about the
second or third century BC, forming the Hun traditions in
the fourth-fifth century AD, and carrying with them plague
that was basal to the Justinian plague. These nomads were
further admixed with East Asian groups during several
short-term khanates in the Medieval period. These historical
events transformed the Eurasian steppes from being inhabited
by Indo-European speakers of largely West Eurasian ancestry
to the mostly Turkic-speaking groups of the present day, who
are primarily of East Asian ancestry.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41586-018-0094-2},
Key = {fds354020}
}
@article{fds336364,
Author = {Goldberg, A and Günther, T and Rosenberg, NA and Jakobsson,
M},
Title = {Reply to Lazaridis and Reich: Robust model-based inference
of male-biased admixture during Bronze Age migration from
the Pontic-Caspian Steppe.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {114},
Number = {20},
Pages = {E3875-E3877},
Year = {2017},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1704442114},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1704442114},
Key = {fds336364}
}
@article{fds336365,
Author = {Goldberg, A and Günther, T and Rosenberg, NA and Jakobsson,
M},
Title = {Ancient X chromosomes reveal contrasting sex bias in
Neolithic and Bronze Age Eurasian migrations.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {114},
Number = {10},
Pages = {2657-2662},
Year = {2017},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1616392114},
Abstract = {Dramatic events in human prehistory, such as the spread of
agriculture to Europe from Anatolia and the late
Neolithic/Bronze Age migration from the Pontic-Caspian
Steppe, can be investigated using patterns of genetic
variation among the people who lived in those times. In
particular, studies of differing female and male demographic
histories on the basis of ancient genomes can provide
information about complexities of social structures and
cultural interactions in prehistoric populations. We use a
mechanistic admixture model to compare the
sex-specifically-inherited X chromosome with the autosomes
in 20 early Neolithic and 16 late Neolithic/Bronze Age human
remains. Contrary to previous hypotheses suggested by the
patrilocality of many agricultural populations, we find no
evidence of sex-biased admixture during the migration that
spread farming across Europe during the early Neolithic. For
later migrations from the Pontic Steppe during the late
Neolithic/Bronze Age, however, we estimate a dramatic male
bias, with approximately five to 14 migrating males for
every migrating female. We find evidence of ongoing,
primarily male, migration from the steppe to central Europe
over a period of multiple generations, with a level of sex
bias that excludes a pulse migration during a single
generation. The contrasting patterns of sex-specific
migration during these two migrations suggest a view of
differing cultural histories in which the Neolithic
transition was driven by mass migration of both males and
females in roughly equal numbers, perhaps whole families,
whereas the later Bronze Age migration and cultural shift
were instead driven by male migration, potentially connected
to new technology and conquest.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1616392114},
Key = {fds336365}
}
@article{fds354021,
Author = {Algee-Hewitt, BFB and Goldberg, A},
Title = {Better together: Thinking anthropologically about
genetics.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {160},
Number = {4},
Pages = {557-560},
Year = {2016},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23022},
Abstract = {What are the effects that genetics has had on
Anthropological research and how can we think
anthropologically about Genetics? Just as genetic data have
encouraged new hypotheses about human phenotypic variation,
evolutionary history, population interaction, and
environmental effects, so too has Anthropology offered to
genetic studies a new interpretive locus in its history and
perspective. This introduction examines how the fields of
Anthropology and Genetics have arrived at a crucial moment
at which their interaction requires careful examination and
critical reflection. The papers discussed here exemplify how
we may engage in such a trans-disciplinary conversation.
They speak to the future of thoughtful interaction between
genetic and anthropological literature and seek a new
integration that embodies the holism of the human biological
sciences.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23022},
Key = {fds354021}
}
@article{fds340695,
Author = {Goldberg, A and Mychajliw, AM and Hadly, EA},
Title = {Post-invasion demography of prehistoric humans in South
America.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {532},
Number = {7598},
Pages = {232-235},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {2016},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature17176},
Abstract = {As the last habitable continent colonized by humans, the
site of multiple domestication hotspots, and the location of
the largest Pleistocene megafaunal extinction, South America
is central to human prehistory. Yet remarkably little is
known about human population dynamics during colonization,
subsequent expansions, and domestication. Here we
reconstruct the spatiotemporal patterns of human population
growth in South America using a newly aggregated database of
1,147 archaeological sites and 5,464 calibrated radiocarbon
dates spanning fourteen thousand to two thousand years ago
(ka). We demonstrate that, rather than a steady exponential
expansion, the demographic history of South Americans is
characterized by two distinct phases. First, humans spread
rapidly throughout the continent, but remained at low
population sizes for 8,000 years, including a 4,000-year
period of 'boom-and-bust' oscillations with no net growth.
Supplementation of hunting with domesticated crops and
animals had a minimal impact on population carrying
capacity. Only with widespread sedentism, beginning ~5 ka,
did a second demographic phase begin, with evidence for
exponential population growth in cultural hotspots,
characteristic of the Neolithic transition worldwide. The
unique extent of humanity's ability to modify its
environment to markedly increase carrying capacity in South
America is therefore an unexpectedly recent
phenomenon.},
Doi = {10.1038/nature17176},
Key = {fds340695}
}
@article{fds354022,
Author = {Kang, JTL and Goldberg, A and Edge, MD and Behar, DM and Rosenberg,
NA},
Title = {Consanguinity Rates Predict Long Runs of Homozygosity in
Jewish Populations.},
Journal = {Human heredity},
Volume = {82},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {87-102},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000478897},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Recent studies have highlighted the
potential of analyses of genomic sharing to produce insight
into the demographic processes affecting human populations.
We study runs of homozygosity (ROH) in 18 Jewish
populations, examining these groups in relation to 123
non-Jewish populations sampled worldwide.<h4>Methods</h4>By
sorting ROH into 3 length classes (short, intermediate, and
long), we evaluate the impact of demographic processes on
genomic patterns in Jewish populations.<h4>Results</h4>We
find that the portion of the genome appearing in long ROH -
the length class most directly related to recent
consanguinity - closely accords with data gathered from
interviews during the 1950s on frequencies of consanguineous
unions in various Jewish groups.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The high
correlation between 1950s consanguinity levels and coverage
by long ROH explains differences across populations in ROH
patterns. The dissection of ROH into length classes and the
comparison to consanguinity data assist in understanding a
number of additional phenomena, including similarities of
Jewish populations to Middle Eastern, European, and Central
and South Asian non-Jewish populations in short ROH
patterns, relative lengths of identity-by-descent tracts in
different Jewish groups, and the "population isolate" status
of the Ashkenazi Jews.},
Doi = {10.1159/000478897},
Key = {fds354022}
}
@article{fds354023,
Author = {Goldberg, A and Rosenberg, NA},
Title = {Beyond 2/3 and 1/3: The Complex Signatures of Sex-Biased
Admixture on the X Chromosome.},
Journal = {Genetics},
Volume = {201},
Number = {1},
Pages = {263-279},
Year = {2015},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.115.178509},
Abstract = {Sex-biased demography, in which parameters governing
migration and population size differ between females and
males, has been studied through comparisons of X
chromosomes, which are inherited sex-specifically, and
autosomes, which are not. A common form of sex bias in
humans is sex-biased admixture, in which at least one of the
source populations differs in its proportions of females and
males contributing to an admixed population. Studies of
sex-biased admixture often examine the mean ancestry for
markers on the X chromosome in relation to the autosomes. A
simple framework noting that in a population with equally
many females and males, two-thirds of X chromosomes appear
in females, suggests that the mean X-chromosomal admixture
fraction is a linear combination of female and male
admixture parameters, with coefficients 2/3 and 1/3,
respectively. Extending a mechanistic admixture model to
accommodate the X chromosome, we demonstrate that this
prediction is not generally true in admixture models,
although it holds in the limit for an admixture process
occurring as a single event. For a model with constant
ongoing admixture, we determine the mean X-chromosomal
admixture, comparing admixture on female and male X
chromosomes to corresponding autosomal values. Surprisingly,
in reanalyzing African-American genetic data to estimate
sex-specific contributions from African and European
sources, we find that the range of contributions compatible
with the excess African ancestry on the X chromosome
compared to autosomes has a wide spread, permitting
scenarios either without male-biased contributions from
Europe or without female-biased contributions from
Africa.},
Doi = {10.1534/genetics.115.178509},
Key = {fds354023}
}
@article{fds336366,
Author = {Goldberg, A and Rosenberg, N},
Title = {Beyond 2/3 and 1/3: the complex signatures of sex-biased
admixture on the X chromosome},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/016543},
Abstract = {Sex-biased demography, in which parameters governing
migration and population size differ between females and
males, has been studied through comparisons of X
chromosomes, which are inherited sex-specifically, and
autosomes, which are not. A common form of sex bias in
humans is sex-biased admixture, in which at least one of the
source populations differs in its proportions of females and
males contributing to an admixed population. Studies of
sex-biased admixture often examine the mean ancestry for
markers on the X chromosome in relation to the autosomes. A
simple framework noting that in a population with equally
many females and males, 2/3 of X chromosomes appear in
females, suggests that the mean X-chromosomal admixture
fraction is a linear combination of female and male
admixture parameters, with coefficients 2/3 and 1/3,
respectively. Extending a mechanistic admixture model to
accommodate the X chromosome, we demonstrate that this
prediction is not generally true in admixture models, though
it holds in the limit for an admixture process occurring as
a single event. For a model with constant ongoing admixture,
we determine the mean X-chromosomal admixture, comparing
admixture on female and male X chromosomes to corresponding
autosomal values. Surprisingly, in reanalyzing
African-American genetic data to estimate sex-specific
contributions from African and European sources, we find
that the range of contributions compatible with the excess
African ancestry on the X chromosome compared to autosomes
has a wide spread, permitting scenarios either without
male-biased contributions from Europe or without
female-biased contributions from Africa.},
Doi = {10.1101/016543},
Key = {fds336366}
}
@article{fds354024,
Author = {Goldberg, A and Verdu, P and Rosenberg, NA},
Title = {Autosomal admixture levels are informative about sex bias in
admixed populations.},
Journal = {Genetics},
Volume = {198},
Number = {3},
Pages = {1209-1229},
Year = {2014},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.114.166793},
Abstract = {Sex-biased admixture has been observed in a wide variety of
admixed populations. Genetic variation in sex chromosomes
and functions of quantities computed from sex chromosomes
and autosomes have often been examined to infer patterns of
sex-biased admixture, typically using statistical approaches
that do not mechanistically model the complexity of a
sex-specific history of admixture. Here, expanding on a
model of Verdu and Rosenberg (2011) that did not include sex
specificity, we develop a model that mechanistically
examines sex-specific admixture histories. Under the model,
multiple source populations contribute to an admixed
population, potentially with their male and female
contributions varying over time. In an admixed population
descended from two source groups, we derive the moments of
the distribution of the autosomal admixture fraction from a
specific source population as a function of sex-specific
introgression parameters and time. Considering admixture
processes that are constant in time, we demonstrate that
surprisingly, although the mean autosomal admixture fraction
from a specific source population does not reveal a sex bias
in the admixture history, the variance of autosomal
admixture is informative about sex bias. Specifically, the
long-term variance decreases as the sex bias from a
contributing source population increases. This result can be
viewed as analogous to the reduction in effective population
size for populations with an unequal number of breeding
males and females. Our approach suggests that it may be
possible to use the effect of sex-biased admixture on
autosomal DNA to assist with methods for inference of the
history of complex sex-biased admixture processes.},
Doi = {10.1534/genetics.114.166793},
Key = {fds354024}
}
%% Gonzales, Lauren A
@article{fds305432,
Author = {LA Gonzales and BR Benefit and ML McCrossin and F
Spoor},
Title = {Cerebral complexity preceded enlarged brain size and reduced
olfactory bulbs in Old World monkeys},
Journal = {Nat Commun},
Volume = {6},
Publisher = {Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers
Limited. All Rights Reserved.},
Year = {2015},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8580},
Abstract = {Analysis of the only complete early cercopithecoid (Old
World monkey) endocast currently known, that of
15-million-year (Myr)-old Victoriapithecus, reveals an
unexpectedly small endocranial volume (ECV) relative to body
size and a large olfactory bulb volume relative to ECV,
similar to extant lemurs and Oligocene anthropoids. However,
the Victoriapithecus brain has principal and arcuate sulci
of the frontal lobe not seen in the stem catarrhine
Aegyptopithecus, as well as a distinctive cercopithecoid
pattern of gyrification, indicating that cerebral complexity
preceded encephalization in cercopithecoids. Since larger
ECVs, expanded frontal lobes, and reduced olfactory bulbs
are already present in the 17- to 18-Myr-old ape Proconsul
these features evolved independently in hominoids (apes) and
cercopithecoids and much earlier in the former. Moreover,
the order of encephalization and brain reorganization was
apparently different in hominoids and cercopithecoids,
showing that brain size and cerebral organization evolve
independently.},
Key = {fds305432}
}
%% Gosselin-Ildari, Ashley D
@article{fds286473,
Author = {Gosselin-Ildari, AD},
Title = {Reassessing locomotor signals from morphology in
cercopithecoids with implications for fossils},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {153},
Pages = {128-128},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000331225100286&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds286473}
}
@article{fds222930,
Author = {A.D. Gosselin-Ildari and E.C. Kirk and E.M. Luedman},
Title = {Functional Correlates od cochlear shape},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology
150(S56):134},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds222930}
}
@article{fds286475,
Author = {Winchester, JM and Boyer, DM and St Clair and EM and Gosselin-Ildari,
AD and Cooke, SB and Ledogar, JA},
Title = {Dental topography of platyrrhines and prosimians:
Convergence and contrasts},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {153},
Number = {1},
Pages = {29-44},
Year = {2013},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22398},
Abstract = {Dental topographic analysis is the quantitative assessment
of shape of three-dimensional models of tooth crowns and
component features. Molar topographic curvature, relief, and
complexity correlate with aspects of feeding behavior in
certain living primates, and have been employed to
investigate dietary ecology in extant and extinct primate
species. This study investigates whether dental topography
correlates with diet among a diverse sample of living
platyrrhines, and compares platyrrhine topography with that
of prosimians. We sampled 111 lower second molars of 11
platyrrhine genera and 121 of 20 prosimian genera. For each
tooth we calculated Dirichlet normal energy (DNE), relief
index (RFI), and orientation patch count (OPCR), quantifying
surface curvature, relief, and complexity respectively.
Shearing ratios and quotients were also measured.
Statistical analyses partitioned effects of diet and taxon
on topography in platyrrhines alone and relative to
prosimians. Discriminant function analyses assessed
predictive diet models. Results indicate that platyrrhine
dental topography correlates to dietary preference, and
platyrrhine-only predictive models yield high rates of
accuracy. The same is true for prosimians. Topographic
variance is broadly similar among platyrrhines and
prosimians. One exception is that platyrrhines display
higher average relief and lower relief variance, possibly
related to lower relative molar size and functional links
between relief and tooth longevity distinct from curvature
or complexity. Explicitly incorporating phylogenetic
distance matrices into statistical analyses of the combined
platyrrhine-prosimian sample results in loss of significance
of dietary effects for OPCR and SQ, while greatly increasing
dietary significance of RFI. Copyright © 2013 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22398},
Key = {fds286475}
}
@article{fds286476,
Author = {Gosselin-Ildari, AD and Kirk, EC and Ludeman, EM},
Title = {Functional correlates of cochlear shape.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {150},
Pages = {134-134},
Year = {2013},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000318043201300&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds286476}
}
@article{fds286477,
Author = {Ludeman, EM and Kirk, EC and Gosselin-Ildari, AD and Blaylock, A and Kay, RF and Godinot, M},
Title = {Cochlear labyrinth volume and predicted hearing abilities in
Adapis, Necrolemur, Homunculus, and Tremacebus.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {150},
Pages = {183-184},
Year = {2013},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000318043202009&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds286477}
}
@article{fds286486,
Author = {Gosselin-Ildari, AD and Koenig, A},
Title = {The effects of group size and reproductive status on
vigilance in captive Callithrix jacchus.},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {74},
Number = {7},
Pages = {613-621},
Year = {2012},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22644577},
Abstract = {Previous work on mammals and birds has often demonstrated a
negative relationship between group size and individual
vigilance. However, this relationship has received only weak
support in nonhuman primates. This result may be due to the
failure to distinguish different forms of vigilance such as
antipredatory vigilance and social monitoring. Here, we
tested the effects of group size, reproductive status
(breeding vs. nonbreeding), and sex on antipredatory
vigilance and social monitoring in captive common marmosets
(Callithrix jacchus). Behavioral observations using one-zero
sampling were conducted on adult members of three captive
groups of small, medium, and large size. Data were analyzed
using a series of general linear models (GLMs) analyses of
covariance (ANCOVAs). We found an overall negative group
size effect on antipredatory vigilance and that breeders,
especially breeding males, were significantly more vigilant
than nonbreeders. Conversely, we found that social
monitoring increased with group size. Unlike the results for
antipredatory vigilance, neither breeders and nonbreeders
nor males and females differed in their amounts of social
monitoring. However, the effect of group size appeared to
differ for nonbreeding males compared to all other adults.
Our results generally support the idea that individuals in
larger groups are safer with breeding males likely playing a
prominent role in protection from predation. The increase in
social monitoring may be related to increased reproductive
competition with the presence of adult offspring, but future
studies need to clarify the target of social monitoring in
both breeders and nonbreeders. Overall, the study underlines
the importance of distinguishing different forms of
vigilance and other factors as they may confound the effects
of group size on antipredatory vigilance.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.22013},
Key = {fds286486}
}
@article{fds286479,
Author = {Borths, MR and Gosselin-Ildari, AD and Patel, BA},
Title = {The functional and ecological morphology of terrestriality
in Primates and Non-Primate mammals},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {147},
Pages = {103-103},
Year = {2012},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000300498700104&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds286479}
}
@article{fds286483,
Author = {Gosselin-Ildari, AD and Boyer, DM and Steiper, ME and St Clair,
EM},
Title = {An assessment of Bayesian methods for ancestral state
estimation.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {147},
Pages = {154-154},
Year = {2012},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000300498700327&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds286483}
}
@article{fds222935,
Author = {E.C. Kirk and E. Ludeman and A. Blaylock and A.
Gosselin-Ildari},
Title = {Cochlear labyrinth size and hearing abilities in
mammals},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology
141(S50):114},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds222935}
}
@article{fds286481,
Author = {Gosselin-Ildari, AD},
Title = {Phylogenetic and functional signals in the astragalus of
cercopithecoids.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {144},
Pages = {146-146},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000288034000287&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds286481}
}
@article{fds286482,
Author = {Gosselin-Ildari, AD},
Title = {The effect of unstable substrates on the locomotion of
capuchin monkeys.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Pages = {114-114},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000275295200274&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds286482}
}
@article{fds286485,
Author = {Kirk, EC and Gosselin-Ildari, AD},
Title = {Cochlear labyrinth volume and hearing abilities in
primates.},
Journal = {The Anatomical Record : Advances in Integrative Anatomy and
Evolutionary Biology},
Volume = {292},
Number = {6},
Pages = {765-776},
Year = {2009},
Month = {June},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19462443},
Abstract = {The primate cochlea is a membranous, fluid-filled receptor
organ that is specialized for sound detection. Like other
parts of the inner ear, the cochlea is contained within the
bony labyrinth of the petrous temporal bone. The close
anatomical relationship between the bony cochlear labyrinth
and the membranous cochlea provides an opportunity to
quantify cochlear size using osteological specimens.
Although mechanisms of cochlear frequency analysis are well
studied, relatively little is known about the functional
consequences of interspecific variation in cochlear size.
Previous comparative analyses have linked increases in
basilar membrane length to decreases in both the high and
low frequency limits of hearing in mammals. However, these
analyses did not consider the potentially confounding
effects of body mass or phylogeny. Here, we present
measurements of cochlear labyrinth volume in 33 primate
species based on high-resolution computed tomography. These
data demonstrate that cochlear labyrinth volume is strongly
negatively allometric with respect to body mass. Scaling of
cochlear volume in primates is very similar to scaling of
basilar membrane length among mammals generally.
Furthermore, an analysis of 10 primate taxa with published
audiograms reveals that cochlear labyrinth volume is
significantly negatively correlated with the high frequency
limit of hearing. This result is independent of body mass
and phylogeny, suggesting that cochlear size is functionally
related to the range of audible frequencies in primates.
Although the nature of this functional relationship remains
speculative, our findings suggest that some hearing
parameters of extinct taxa may be estimated using fossil
petrosals.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.20907},
Key = {fds286485}
}
@article{fds286478,
Author = {Gosselin-Ildari, AD and Larson, SG and Jr, SJT},
Title = {Chimpanzee hind limb muscle recruitment patterns during
quadrupedalism and bipedalism},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Pages = {137-137},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000263442700295&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds286478}
}
@article{fds286480,
Author = {Gosselin-Ildari, AD and Ketcham, RA},
Title = {Ontogenetic variation in the trabecular architecture of the
femoral head in Papio cynocephalus.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Pages = {106-106},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000253342000216&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds286480}
}
@article{fds286484,
Author = {Gosselin-Ildari, AD and Kirk, EC},
Title = {Functional morphology of the primate cochlea.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Pages = {118-118},
Year = {2007},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000244656500252&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds286484}
}
%% Grebe, Nicholas
@article{fds355296,
Author = {Grebe, NM and Sharma, A and Freeman, SM and Palumbo, MC and Patisaul,
HB and Bales, KL and Drea, CM},
Title = {Neural correlates of mating system diversity: oxytocin and
vasopressin receptor distributions in monogamous and
non-monogamous Eulemur.},
Journal = {Scientific Reports},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3746},
Year = {2021},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83342-6},
Abstract = {Contemporary theory that emphasizes the roles of oxytocin
and vasopressin in mammalian sociality has been shaped by
seminal vole research that revealed interspecific variation
in neuroendocrine circuitry by mating system. However,
substantial challenges exist in interpreting and translating
these rodent findings to other mammalian groups, including
humans, making research on nonhuman primates crucial. Both
monogamous and non-monogamous species exist within Eulemur,
a genus of strepsirrhine primate, offering a rare
opportunity to broaden a comparative perspective on oxytocin
and vasopressin neurocircuitry with increased evolutionary
relevance to humans. We performed oxytocin and arginine
vasopressin 1a receptor autoradiography on 12 Eulemur brains
from seven closely related species to (1) characterize
receptor distributions across the genus, and (2) examine
differences between monogamous and non-monogamous species in
regions part of putative "pair-bonding circuits". We find
some binding patterns across Eulemur reminiscent of
olfactory-guided rodents, but others congruent with more
visually oriented anthropoids, consistent with lemurs
occupying an 'intermediary' evolutionary niche between
haplorhine primates and other mammalian groups. We find
little evidence of a "pair-bonding circuit" in Eulemur akin
to those proposed in previous rodent or primate research.
Mapping neuropeptide receptors in these nontraditional
species questions existing assumptions and informs proposed
evolutionary explanations about the biological bases of
monogamy.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-83342-6},
Key = {fds355296}
}
@article{fds352635,
Author = {Bornbusch, SL and Grebe, NM and Lunn, S and Southworth, CA and Dimac-Stohl, K and Drea, C},
Title = {Stable and transient structural variation in lemur vaginal,
labial and axillary microbiomes: patterns by species, body
site, ovarian hormones and forest access.},
Journal = {Fems Microbiology Ecology},
Volume = {96},
Number = {6},
Year = {2020},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiaa090},
Abstract = {Host-associated microbiomes shape and are shaped by myriad
processes that ultimately delineate their symbiotic
functions. Whereas a host's stable traits, such as its
lineage, relate to gross aspects of its microbiome
structure, transient factors, such as its varying
physiological state, relate to shorter term, structural
variation. Our understanding of these relationships in
primates derives principally from anthropoid studies and
would benefit from a broader, comparative perspective. We
thus examined the vaginal, labial and axillary microbiota of
captive, female ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) and
Coquerel's sifakas (Propithecus coquereli), across an
ovarian cycle, to better understand their relation to stable
(e.g. species identity/mating system, body site) and
transient (e.g. ovarian hormone concentration, forest
access) host features. We used 16S amplicon sequencing to
determine microbial composition and enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assays to measure serum hormone
concentrations. We found marked variation in microbiota
diversity and community composition between lemur species
and their body sites. Across both host species, microbial
diversity was significantly correlated with ovarian hormone
concentrations: negatively with progesterone and positively
with estradiol. The hosts' differential forest access
related to the diversity of environmental microbes,
particularly in axillary microbiomes. Such transient
endogenous and exogenous modulators have potential
implications for host reproductive health and behavioral
ecology.},
Doi = {10.1093/femsec/fiaa090},
Key = {fds352635}
}
@article{fds344619,
Author = {Grebe, NM and Fitzpatrick, C and Sharrock, K and Starling, A and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Organizational and activational androgens, lemur social
play, and the ontogeny of female dominance.},
Journal = {Hormones and Behavior},
Volume = {115},
Pages = {104554},
Year = {2019},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.07.002},
Abstract = {The role of androgens in shaping "masculine" traits in males
is a core focus in behavioral endocrinology, but relatively
little is known about an androgenic role in female
aggression and social dominance. In mammalian models of
female dominance, including the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur
catta), links to androgens in adulthood are variable. We
studied the development of ring-tailed lemurs to address the
behavioral basis and ontogenetic mechanisms of female
dominance. We measured behavior and serum androgen
concentrations in 24 lemurs (8 males, 16 females) from
infancy to early adulthood, and assessed their 'prenatal'
androgen milieu using serum samples obtained from their
mothers during gestation. Because logistical constraints
limited the frequency of infant blood sampling, we accounted
for asynchrony between behavioral and postnatal hormone
measurements via imputation procedures. Imputation was
unnecessary for prenatal hormone measurements. The typical
sex difference in androgen concentrations in young lemurs
was consistent with adult conspecifics and most other
mammals; however, we found no significant sex differences in
rough-and-tumble play. Female (but not male) aggression
increased beginning at approximately 15 months, coincident
with female puberty. In our analyses relating sexually
differentiated behavior to androgens, we found no
relationship with activational hormones, but several
significant relationships with organizational hormones.
Notably, associations of prenatal androstenedione and
testosterone with behavior were differentiated, both by
offspring sex and by type of behavior within offspring
sexes. We discuss the importance of considering (1) missing
data in behavioral endocrinology research, and (2)
organizational androgens other than testosterone in studies
of female dominance.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.07.002},
Key = {fds344619}
}
@article{fds352636,
Author = {Grebe, NM and Sarafin, RE and Strenth, CR and Zilioli,
S},
Title = {Pair-bonding, fatherhood, and the role of testosterone: A
meta-analytic review.},
Journal = {Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews},
Volume = {98},
Pages = {221-233},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.01.010},
Abstract = {Males of many species must allocate limited energy budgets
between mating and parenting effort. The Challenge
Hypothesis provides a framework for understanding these
life-history trade-offs via the disparate roles of
testosterone (T) in aggression, sexual behavior, and
parenting. It predicts that males pursuing mating
opportunities have higher T than males pursuing paternal
strategies, and in humans, many studies indeed report that
men who are fathers and/or pair-bonded have lower T than
childless and/or unpaired men. However, the magnitude of
these effects, and the influence of methodological variation
on effect sizes, have not been quantitatively assessed. We
meta-analyzed 114 effects from 66 published and unpublished
studies covering four predictions inspired by the Challenge
Hypothesis. We confirm that pair-bonded men have lower T
than single men, and fathers have lower T than childless
men. Furthermore, men more oriented toward pair-bonding or
offspring investment had lower T. We discuss the practical
meaningfulness of the effect sizes we estimate in relation
to known factors (e.g., aging, geographic population) that
influence men's T concentrations.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.01.010},
Key = {fds352636}
}
@article{fds352637,
Author = {Dimac-Stohl, KA and Davies, CS and Grebe, NM and Stonehill, AC and Greene, LK and Mitchell, J and Clutton-Brock, T and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Incidence and biomarkers of pregnancy, spontaneous abortion,
and neonatal loss during an environmental stressor:
Implications for female reproductive suppression in the
cooperatively breeding meerkat.},
Journal = {Physiology & Behavior},
Volume = {193},
Number = {Pt A},
Pages = {90-100},
Year = {2018},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.11.011},
Abstract = {Meerkats are group-living, insectivorous herpestids in which
subordinate members provide extensive care for the dominant
female's young. In contrast to some cooperative breeders,
subordinate female meerkats are physiologically able to
reproduce and occasionally do so successfully; their
attempts are more frequently 'suppressed' via eviction or
infanticide by the dominant female. Spontaneous abortion and
neonatal loss occur with some regularity, further negatively
impacting reproductive success. Here, we compared the
reproductive outcomes and endocrine profiles, including of
serum progesterone (P<sub>4</sub>), serum estradiol
(E<sub>2</sub>), and fecal glucocorticoid metabolites
(fGCm), of dominant and subordinate dams residing within
their clans in the Kalahari Desert of South Africa. Our
study spanned years of drought, which reduced insect
abundance and represented a substantial environmental
stressor. Meerkat pregnancies were identified at mid-term
and culminated either in spontaneous abortions or full-term
deliveries, after which pups were either lost prior to
emergence from the natal den (usually within 2days of birth)
or emerged at 2-3weeks. Neonatal loss exceeded fetal loss
for all females, and contributed to narrowing the
status-related disparity in female reproductive output seen
during less arid periods. Although E<sub>2</sub>
concentrations were significantly lower in subordinate than
dominant females, they were sufficient to support gestation.
Absolute E<sub>2</sub> concentrations may owe to androgenic
precursors that also attain highest concentrations in
dominant dams and may mediate aggression underlying female
reproductive skew. Pregnancies terminating in fetal loss
were marked by significantly lower P<sub>4</sub>
concentrations in mid-gestation and modestly lower
E<sub>2</sub> concentrations overall. Consistently high fGCm
concentrations further increased across trimesters,
particularly (but not consistently) in subordinates and in
aborted pregnancies. Environmental stressors may modulate
reproductive outcomes in meerkats through their influence on
sex steroids and their effects on intragroup competition.
The social and eco-physiological factors affecting
intraspecific variation in reproductive output, even in
obligate cooperative breeders, may be most apparent during
extreme conditions, reflecting the benefits of long-term
studies for assessing the impact of climate
change.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.11.011},
Key = {fds352637}
}
@article{fds352638,
Author = {Grebe, NM and Kristoffersen, AA and Grøntvedt, TV and Emery
Thompson, M and Kennair, LEO and Gangestad, SW},
Title = {Oxytocin and vulnerable romantic relationships.},
Journal = {Hormones and Behavior},
Volume = {90},
Pages = {64-74},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.02.009},
Abstract = {Oxytocin (OT) has been implicated in the formation and
maintenance of various social relationships, including human
romantic relationships. Competing models predict,
alternatively, positive or negative associations between
naturally-occurring OT levels and romantic relationship
quality. Empirical tests of these models have been
equivocal. We propose a novel hypothesis ('Identify and
Invest') that frames OT as an allocator of psychological
investment toward valued, vulnerable relationships, and test
this proposal in two studies. In one sample of 75 couples,
and a second sample of 148 romantically involved
individuals, we assess facets of relationships predicting
changes in OT across a thought-writing task regarding one's
partner. In both studies, participants' OT change across the
task corresponded positively with multiple dimensions of
high relationship involvement. However, increases in
participants' OT also corresponded to their partners
reporting lower relationship involvement. OT increases,
then, reflected discrepancies between assessments of self
and partner relationship involvement. These findings are
robust in a combined analysis of both studies, and do not
significantly differ between samples. Collectively, our
findings support the 'Identify and Invest' hypothesis in
romantic couples, and we argue for its relevance across
other types of social bonds.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.02.009},
Key = {fds352638}
}
%% Greene, Lydia
@article{fds337553,
Author = {Dimac-Stohl, KA and Davies, CS and Grebe, NM and Stonehill, AC and Greene, LK and Mitchell, J and Clutton-Brock, T and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Incidence and biomarkers of pregnancy, spontaneous abortion,
and neonatal loss during an environmental stressor:
Implications for female reproductive suppression in the
cooperatively breeding meerkat.},
Journal = {Physiology & Behavior},
Volume = {193},
Number = {Pt A},
Pages = {90-100},
Year = {2018},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.11.011},
Abstract = {Meerkats are group-living, insectivorous herpestids in which
subordinate members provide extensive care for the dominant
female's young. In contrast to some cooperative breeders,
subordinate female meerkats are physiologically able to
reproduce and occasionally do so successfully; their
attempts are more frequently 'suppressed' via eviction or
infanticide by the dominant female. Spontaneous abortion and
neonatal loss occur with some regularity, further negatively
impacting reproductive success. Here, we compared the
reproductive outcomes and endocrine profiles, including of
serum progesterone (P<sub>4</sub>), serum estradiol
(E<sub>2</sub>), and fecal glucocorticoid metabolites
(fGCm), of dominant and subordinate dams residing within
their clans in the Kalahari Desert of South Africa. Our
study spanned years of drought, which reduced insect
abundance and represented a substantial environmental
stressor. Meerkat pregnancies were identified at mid-term
and culminated either in spontaneous abortions or full-term
deliveries, after which pups were either lost prior to
emergence from the natal den (usually within 2days of birth)
or emerged at 2-3weeks. Neonatal loss exceeded fetal loss
for all females, and contributed to narrowing the
status-related disparity in female reproductive output seen
during less arid periods. Although E<sub>2</sub>
concentrations were significantly lower in subordinate than
dominant females, they were sufficient to support gestation.
Absolute E<sub>2</sub> concentrations may owe to androgenic
precursors that also attain highest concentrations in
dominant dams and may mediate aggression underlying female
reproductive skew. Pregnancies terminating in fetal loss
were marked by significantly lower P<sub>4</sub>
concentrations in mid-gestation and modestly lower
E<sub>2</sub> concentrations overall. Consistently high fGCm
concentrations further increased across trimesters,
particularly (but not consistently) in subordinates and in
aborted pregnancies. Environmental stressors may modulate
reproductive outcomes in meerkats through their influence on
sex steroids and their effects on intragroup competition.
The social and eco-physiological factors affecting
intraspecific variation in reproductive output, even in
obligate cooperative breeders, may be most apparent during
extreme conditions, reflecting the benefits of long-term
studies for assessing the impact of climate
change.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.11.011},
Key = {fds337553}
}
@article{fds340969,
Author = {Greene, LK and McKenney, EA},
Title = {The inside tract: The appendicular, cecal, and colonic
microbiome of captive aye‐ayes},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {166},
Number = {4},
Pages = {960-967},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23481},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23481},
Key = {fds340969}
}
@article{fds337554,
Author = {Leclaire, S and Jacob, S and Greene, LK and Dubay, GR and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Social odours covary with bacterial community in the anal
secretions of wild meerkats.},
Journal = {Scientific Reports},
Volume = {7},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3240},
Year = {2017},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03356-x},
Abstract = {The fermentation hypothesis for animal signalling posits
that bacteria dwelling in an animal's scent glands
metabolize the glands' primary products into odorous
compounds used by the host to communicate with conspecifics.
There is, however, little evidence of the predicted
covariation between an animal's olfactory cues and its
glandular bacterial communities. Using gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry, we first identified the
volatile compounds present in 'pure' versus 'mixed'
anal-gland secretions ('paste') of adult meerkats (Suricata
suricatta) living in the wild. Low-molecular-weight
chemicals that likely derive from bacterial metabolism were
more prominent in mixed than pure secretions. Focusing
thereafter on mixed secretions, we showed that chemical
composition varied by sex and was more similar between
members of the same group than between members of different
groups. Subsequently, using next-generation sequencing, we
identified the bacterial assemblages present in meerkat
paste and documented relationships between these assemblages
and the host's sex, social status and group membership.
Lastly, we found significant covariation between the
volatile compounds and bacterial assemblages in meerkat
paste, particularly in males. Together, these results are
consistent with a role for bacteria in the production of
sex- and group-specific scents, and with the evolution of
mutualism between meerkats and their glandular
microbiota.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-03356-x},
Key = {fds337554}
}
@article{fds337555,
Author = {McKenney, EA and Greene, LK and Drea, CM and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {Down for the count: Cryptosporidium infection
depletes the gut microbiome in Coquerel's
sifakas.},
Journal = {Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease},
Volume = {28},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1335165},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16512235.2017.1335165},
Abstract = {<b>Background</b>: The gut microbiome (GMB) is the first
line of defense against enteric pathogens, which are a
leading cause of disease and mortality worldwide. One such
pathogen, the protozoan <i>Cryptosporidium</i>, causes a
variety of digestive disorders that can be devastating and
even lethal. The Coquerel's sifaka (<i>Propithecus
coquereli</i>) - an endangered, folivorous primate endemic
to Madagascar - is precariously susceptible to
cryptosporidiosis under captive conditions. If left
untreated, infection can rapidly advance to morbidity and
death. <b>Objective</b>: To gain a richer understanding of
the pathophysiology of this pathogen while also improving
captive management of endangered species, we examine the
impact of cryptosporidiosis on the GMB of a flagship species
known to experience a debilitating disease state upon
infection. <b>Design</b>: Using 16S sequencing of DNA
extracted from sifaka fecal samples, we compared the
microbial communities of healthy sifakas to those of
infected individuals, across infection and recovery periods.
<b>Results</b>: Over the course of infection, we found that
the sifaka GMB responds with decreased microbial diversity
and increased community dissimilarity. Compared to the GMB
of unaffected individuals, as well as during pre-infection
and recovery periods, the GMB during active infection was
enriched for microbial taxa associated with dysbiosis and
rapid transit time. Time to recovery was inversely related
to age, with young animals being slowest to recover GMB
diversity and full community membership. Antimicrobial
treatment during infection caused a significant depletion in
GMB diversity. <b>Conclusions</b>: Although individual
sifakas show unique trajectories of microbial loss and
recolonization in response to infection, recovering sifakas
exhibit remarkably consistent patterns, similar to initial
community assembly of the GMB in infants. This observation,
in particular, provides biological insight into the rules by
which the GMB recovers from the disease state. Fecal
transfaunation may prove effective in restoring a healthy
GMB in animals with specialized diets.},
Doi = {10.1080/16512235.2017.1335165},
Key = {fds337555}
}
@article{fds337556,
Author = {Davies, CS and Smyth, KN and Greene, LK and Walsh, DA and Mitchell, J and Clutton-Brock, T and Drea, CM},
Title = {Exceptional endocrine profiles characterise the meerkat:
sex, status, and reproductive patterns},
Journal = {Scientific Reports},
Volume = {6},
Pages = {35492},
Publisher = {The Author(s)},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep35492},
Abstract = {In vertebrates, reproductive endocrine concentrations are
strongly differentiated by sex, with androgen biases
typifying males and estrogen biases typifying females. These
sex differences can be reduced in female-dominant species;
however, even the most masculinised of females have less
testosterone (T) than do conspecific males. To test if
aggressively dominant, female meerkats (Suricata suricatta)
may be hormonally masculinised, we measured serum
androstenedione (A<sub>4</sub>), T and estradiol
(E<sub>2</sub>) in both sexes and social classes, during
both 'baseline' and reproductive events. Relative to
resident males, dominant females had greater A<sub>4</sub>,
equivalent T and greater E<sub>2</sub> concentrations.
Males, whose endocrine values did not vary by social status,
experienced increased T during reproductive forays, linking
T to sexual behaviour, but not social status. Moreover,
substantial E<sub>2</sub> concentrations in male meerkats
may facilitate their role as helpers. In females, dominance
status and pregnancy magnified the unusual concentrations of
measured sex steroids. Lastly, faecal androgen metabolites
replicated the findings derived from serum, highlighting the
female bias in total androgens. Female meerkats are thus
strongly hormonally masculinised, possibly via
A<sub>4</sub>'s bioavailability for conversion to T. These
raised androgen concentrations may explain female
aggressiveness in this species and give dominant breeders a
heritable mechanism for their daughters' competitive
edge.},
Doi = {10.1038/srep35492},
Key = {fds337556}
}
@article{fds337557,
Author = {Smyth, KN and Greene, LK and Clutton-Brock, T and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Androgens predict parasitism in female meerkats: a new
perspective on a classic trade-off.},
Journal = {Biology Letters},
Volume = {12},
Number = {10},
Pages = {20160660},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0660},
Abstract = {The immunocompetence handicap hypothesis posits that
androgens in males can be a 'double-edged sword', actively
promoting reproductive success, while also negatively
impacting health. Because there can be both substantial
androgen concentrations in females and significant
androgenic variation among them, particularly in species
portraying female social dominance over males or intense
female-female competition, androgens might also play a role
in mediating female health and fitness. We examined this
hypothesis in the meerkat (Suricata suricatta), a
cooperatively breeding, social carnivoran characterized by
aggressively mediated female social dominance and extreme
rank-related reproductive skew. Dominant females also have
greater androgen concentrations and harbour greater parasite
loads than their subordinate counterparts, but the
relationship between concurrent androgen concentrations and
parasite burdens is unknown. We found that a female's faecal
androgen concentrations reliably predicted her concurrent
state of endoparasitism irrespective of her social status:
parasite species richness and infection by Spirurida
nematodes, Oxynema suricattae, Pseudandrya suricattae and
coccidia were greater with greater androgen concentrations.
Based on gastrointestinal parasite burdens, females appear
to experience the same trade-off in the costs and benefits
of raised androgens as do the males of many species. This
trade-off presumably represents a health cost of sexual
selection operating in females.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2016.0660},
Key = {fds337557}
}
@article{fds337558,
Author = {Greene, LK and Wallen, TW and Moresco, A and Goodwin, TE and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Reproductive endocrine patterns and volatile urinary
compounds of Arctictis binturong: discovering why bearcats
smell like popcorn.},
Journal = {Die Naturwissenschaften},
Volume = {103},
Number = {5-6},
Pages = {37},
Year = {2016},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-016-1361-4},
Abstract = {Members of the order Carnivora rely on urinary scent
signaling, particularly for communicating about reproductive
parameters. Here, we describe reproductive endocrine
patterns in relation to urinary olfactory cues in a
vulnerable and relatively unknown viverrid--the binturong
(Arctictis binturong). Female binturongs are larger than and
dominate males, and both sexes engage in glandular and
urinary scent marking. Using a large (n = 33), captive
population, we collected serum samples to measure
circulating sex steroids via enzyme immunoassay and urine
samples to assay volatile chemicals via gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry. Male binturongs had
expectedly greater androgen concentrations than did females
but, more unusually, had equal estrogen concentrations,
which may be linked to male deference. Males also expressed
a significantly richer array of volatile chemical compounds
than did females. A subset of these volatile chemicals
resisted decay at ambient temperatures, potentially
indicating their importance as long-lasting semiochemicals.
Among these compounds was 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP), which
is typically produced at high temperatures by the Maillard
reaction and is likely to be responsible for the binturong's
characteristic popcorn aroma. 2-AP, the only compound
expressed by all of the subjects, was found in greater
abundance in males than females and was significantly and
positively related to circulating androstenedione
concentrations in both sexes. This unusual compound may have
a more significant role in mammalian semiochemistry than
previously appreciated. Based on these novel data, we
suggest that hormonal action and potentially complex
chemical reactions mediate communication of the binturong's
signature scent and convey information about sex and
reproductive state.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00114-016-1361-4},
Key = {fds337558}
}
@article{fds337559,
Author = {Greene, LK and Grogan, KE and Smyth, KN and Adams, CA and Klager, SA and Drea, CM},
Title = {Mix it and fix it: functions of composite olfactory signals
in ring-tailed lemurs},
Journal = {Royal Society Open Science},
Volume = {3},
Number = {4},
Pages = {160076},
Year = {2016},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160076},
Abstract = {Animals communicating via scent often deposit composite
signals that incorporate odorants from multiple sources;
however, the function of mixing chemical signals remains
understudied. We tested both a ‘multiple-messages’ and a
‘fixative’ hypothesis of composite olfactory signalling,
which, respectively, posit that mixing scents functions to
increase information content or prolong signal longevity.
Our subjects—adult, male ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur
catta)—have a complex scent-marking repertoire, involving
volatile antebrachial (A) secretions, deposited pure or
after being mixed with a squalene-rich paste exuded from
brachial (B) glands. Using behavioural bioassays, we
examined recipient responses to odorants collected from
conspecific strangers. We concurrently presented pure A,
pure B and mixed A + B secretions, in fresh or decayed
conditions. Lemurs preferentially responded to mixed over
pure secretions, their interest increasing and shifting over
time, from sniffing and countermarking fresh mixtures, to
licking and countermarking decayed mixtures. Substituting
synthetic squalene (S)—a well-known fixative—for B
secretions did not replicate prior results: B secretions,
which contain additional chemicals that probably encode
salient information, were preferred over pure S. Whereas
support for the ‘multiple-messages’ hypothesis
underscores the unique contribution from each of an animal's
various secretions, support for the ‘fixative’
hypothesis highlights the synergistic benefits of composite
signals.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsos.160076},
Key = {fds337559}
}
@article{fds337560,
Author = {delBarco-Trillo, J and Greene, LK and Goncalves, IB and Fenkes, M and Wisse, JH and Drewe, JA and Manser, MB and Clutton-Brock, T and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Beyond aggression: Androgen-receptor blockade modulates
social interaction in wild meerkats.},
Journal = {Hormones and Behavior},
Volume = {78},
Pages = {95-106},
Year = {2016},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.11.001},
Abstract = {In male vertebrates, androgens are inextricably linked to
reproduction, social dominance, and aggression, often at the
cost of paternal investment or prosociality. Testosterone is
invoked to explain rank-related reproductive differences,
but its role within a status class, particularly among
subordinates, is underappreciated. Recent evidence,
especially for monogamous and cooperatively breeding
species, suggests broader androgenic mediation of adult
social interaction. We explored the actions of androgens in
subordinate, male members of a cooperatively breeding
species, the meerkat (Suricata suricatta). Although male
meerkats show no rank-related testosterone differences,
subordinate helpers rarely reproduce. We blocked androgen
receptors, in the field, by treating subordinate males with
the antiandrogen, flutamide. We monitored androgen
concentrations (via baseline serum and time-sequential fecal
sampling) and recorded behavior within their groups (via
focal observation). Relative to controls, flutamide-treated
animals initiated less and received more high-intensity
aggression (biting, threatening, feeding competition),
engaged in more prosocial behavior (social sniffing,
grooming, huddling), and less frequently initiated play or
assumed a 'dominant' role during play, revealing significant
androgenic effects across a broad range of social behavior.
By contrast, guarding or vigilance and measures of olfactory
and vocal communication in subordinate males appeared
unaffected by flutamide treatment. Thus, androgens in male
meerkat helpers are aligned with the traditional trade-off
between promoting reproductive and aggressive behavior at a
cost to affiliation. Our findings, based on rare endocrine
manipulation in wild mammals, show a more pervasive role for
androgens in adult social behavior than is often recognized,
with possible relevance for understanding tradeoffs in
cooperative systems.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.11.001},
Key = {fds337560}
}
@article{fds337561,
Author = {Greene, LK and Drea, CM},
Title = {Love is in the air: Sociality and pair bondedness influence
sifaka reproductive signalling},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {88},
Pages = {147-156},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2014},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.11.019},
Abstract = {Social complexity, often estimated by group size, is seen as
driving the complexity of vocal signals, but its relation to
olfactory signals, which arguably arose to function in
nonsocial realms, remains underappreciated. That olfactory
signals also may mediate within-group interaction, vary with
social complexity and promote social cohesion underscores a
potentially crucial link with sociality. To examine that
link, we integrated chemical and behavioural analyses to ask
whether olfactory signals facilitate reproductive
coordination in a strepsirrhine primate, the Coquerel's
sifaka, Propithecus coquereli. Belonging to a clade
comprising primarily solitary, nocturnal species, the
diurnal, group-living sifaka represents an interesting test
case. Convergent with diurnal, group-living lemurids,
sifakas expressed chemically rich scent signals, consistent
with the social complexity hypothesis for communication.
These signals minimally encoded the sex of the signaller and
varied with female reproductive state. Likewise, sex and
female fertility were reflected in within-group scent
investigation, scent marking and overmarking. We further
asked whether, within breeding pairs, the stability or
quality of the pair's bond influences the composition of
glandular signals and patterns of investigatory or
scent-marking behaviour. Indeed, reproductively successful
pairs tended to show greater similarity in their scent
signals than did reproductively unsuccessful pairs,
potentially through chemical convergence. Moreover, scent
marking was temporally coordinated within breeding pairs and
was influenced by past reproductive success. That olfactory
signalling reflects social bondedness or reproductive
history lends support to recent suggestions that the quality
of relationships may be a more valuable proxy than group
size for estimating social complexity. We suggest that
olfactory signalling in sifakas is more complex than
previously recognized and, as in other socially integrated
species, can be a crucial mechanism for promoting group
cohesion and maintaining social bonds. Thus, the evolution
of sociality may well be reflected in the complexity of
olfactory signalling.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.11.019},
Key = {fds337561}
}
@article{fds344663,
Author = {Drea, CM and Boulet, M and Delbarco-Trillo, J and Greene, LK and Sacha,
CR and Goodwin, TE and Dubay, GR},
Title = {The "secret" in secretions: methodological considerations in
deciphering primate olfactory communication.},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {75},
Number = {7},
Pages = {621-642},
Year = {2013},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22143},
Abstract = {Olfactory communication in primates is gaining recognition;
however, studies on the production and perception of primate
scent signals are still scant. In general, there are five
tasks to be accomplished when deciphering the chemical
signals contained in excretions and secretions: (1)
obtaining the appropriate samples; (2) extracting the target
organic compounds from the biological matrix; (3) separating
the extracted compounds from one another (by gas
chromatography, GC or liquid chromatography, LC); (4)
identifying the compounds (by mass spectrometry, MS and
associated procedures); and (5) revealing biologically
meaningful patterns in the data. Ultimately, because some of
the compounds identified in odorants may not be relevant,
associated steps in understanding signal function involve
verifying the perception or biological activity of putative
semiochemicals via (6) behavioral bioassays or (7) receptor
response studies. This review will focus on the chemical
analyses and behavioral bioassays of volatile, primate scent
signals. Throughout, we highlight the potential pitfalls of
working with highly complex, chemical matrices and suggest
ways for minimizing problems. A recurring theme in this
review is that multiple approaches and instrumentation are
required to characterize the full range of information
contained in the complex mixtures that typify primate or,
indeed, many vertebrate olfactory cues. Only by integrating
studies of signal production with those verifying signal
perception will we better understand the function of
olfactory communication.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.22143},
Key = {fds344663}
}
%% Griffin, Nicole L.
@article{fds172175,
Author = {N.L. Griffin and B.G. Richmond},
Title = {Joint orientation and function in great ape and human
proximal pedal phalanges},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {141},
Pages = {116-123},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds172175}
}
@article{fds178218,
Author = {N.L. Griffin and K. D'Aout and B.G. Richmond and A.D. Gordon and P.
Aerts},
Title = {Comparative in vivo forefoot kinematics of Homo sapiens and
Pan paniscus},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds178218}
}
@article{fds178219,
Author = {N.L. Griffin and K. D'Aout and T.M. Ryan and B.G. Richmond and R.A.
Ketcham and A. Postnov},
Title = {Comparative forefoot trabecular bone architecture in extant
hominids},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds178219}
}
@article{fds172176,
Author = {N.L. Griffin and A.D. Gordon and B.G. Richmond and S.C.
Antón},
Title = {Cross-sectional geometric analysis of a foot bone assemblage
from Mangaia, Cook Islands},
Journal = {HOMO-Journal of Comparative Human Biology},
Volume = {59},
Pages = {27-40},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds172176}
}
@article{fds172177,
Author = {N.L. Griffin},
Title = {Bone architecture of the hominin second proximal pedal
phalanx: a preliminary investigation},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {54},
Pages = {162-168},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds172177}
}
@misc{fds172180,
Author = {N.L. Griffin and B.A. Wood},
Title = {Early Evolution of the Foot},
Pages = {1-25},
Booktitle = {The Human Foot},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds172180}
}
@misc{fds172181,
Author = {N.L. Griffin and B.A. Wood},
Title = {Recent Evolution of the Human Foot},
Pages = {27-79},
Booktitle = {The Human Foot},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds172181}
}
@article{fds172179,
Author = {N.L. Griffin and B.G. Richmond},
Title = {Cross-sectional geometry of the human forefoot},
Journal = {Bone},
Volume = {37},
Pages = {253-260},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds172179}
}
%% Grogan, Kathleen E
@article{fds172820,
Author = {K.E. Grogan and V.E. Chhatre and P.A. Abbot},
Title = {The Cost of Conflict in Social Aphids},
Journal = {Journal of Evolutionary Biology},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds172820}
}
%% Guevara, Elaine E.
@article{fds373899,
Author = {Guevara, E and Gopalan, S and Massey, DJ and Adegboyega, M and Zhou, W and Solis, A and Anaya, AD and Churchill, SE and Feldblum, J and Lawler,
RR},
Title = {Getting it right: Teaching undergraduate biology to
undermine racial essentialism.},
Journal = {Biology Methods and Protocols},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Pages = {bpad032},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomethods/bpad032},
Abstract = {How we teach human genetics matters for social equity. The
biology curriculum appears to be a crucial locus of
intervention for either reinforcing or undermining students'
racial essentialist views. The Mendelian genetic models
dominating textbooks, particularly in combination with
racially inflected language sometimes used when teaching
about monogenic disorders, can increase middle and high
school students' racial essentialism and opposition to
policies to increase equity. These findings are of
particular concern given the increasing spread of racist
misinformation online and the misappropriation of human
genomics research by white supremacists, who take advantage
of low levels of genetics literacy in the general public.
Encouragingly, however, teaching updated information about
the geographical distribution of human genetic variation and
the complex, multifactorial basis of most human traits,
reduces students' endorsement of racial essentialism. The
genetics curriculum is therefore a key tool in combating
misinformation and scientific racism. Here, we describe a
framework and example teaching materials for teaching
students key concepts in genetics, human evolutionary
history, and human phenotypic variation at the undergraduate
level. This framework can be flexibly applied in biology and
anthropology classes and adjusted based on time
availability. Our goal is to provide undergraduate-level
instructors with varying levels of expertise with a set of
evidence-informed tools for teaching human genetics to
combat scientific racism, including an evolving set of
instructional resources, as well as learning goals and
pedagogical approaches. Resources can be found at
https://noto.li/YIlhZ5. Additionally, we hope to generate
conversation about integrating modern genetics into the
undergraduate curriculum, in light of recent findings about
the risks and opportunities associated with teaching
genetics.},
Doi = {10.1093/biomethods/bpad032},
Key = {fds373899}
}
@article{fds363984,
Author = {Guevara, EE and Hopkins, WD and Hof, PR and Ely, JJ and Bradley, BJ and Sherwood, CC},
Title = {Epigenetic ageing of the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum in
humans and chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Epigenetics},
Volume = {17},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1774-1785},
Year = {2022},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15592294.2022.2080993},
Abstract = {Epigenetic age has emerged as an important biomarker of
biological ageing. It has revealed that some tissues age
faster than others, which is vital to understanding the
complex phenomenon of ageing and developing effective
interventions. Previous studies have demonstrated that
humans exhibit heterogeneity in pace of epigenetic ageing
among brain structures that are consistent with differences
in structural and microanatomical deterioration. Here, we
add comparative data on epigenetic brain ageing for
chimpanzees, humans' closest relatives. Such comparisons can
further our understanding of which aspects of human ageing
are evolutionarily conserved or specific to our species,
especially given that humans are distinguished by a long
lifespan, large brain, and, potentially, more severe
neurodegeneration with age. Specifically, we investigated
epigenetic ageing of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and
cerebellum, of humans and chimpanzees by generating
genome-wide CpG methylation data and applying established
epigenetic clock algorithms to produce estimates of
biological age for these tissues. We found that both species
exhibit relatively slow epigenetic ageing in the brain
relative to blood. Between brain structures, humans show a
faster rate of epigenetic ageing in the dorsolateral
prefrontal cortex compared to the cerebellum, which is
consistent with previous findings. Chimpanzees, in contrast,
show comparable rates of epigenetic ageing in the two brain
structures. Greater epigenetic change in the human
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex compared to the cerebellum
may reflect both the protracted development of this
structure in humans and its greater age-related
vulnerability to neurodegenerative pathology.},
Doi = {10.1080/15592294.2022.2080993},
Key = {fds363984}
}
@article{fds366563,
Author = {Guevara, EE and Greene, LK and Blanco, MB and Farmer, C and Ranaivonasy,
J and Ratsirarson, J and Mahefarisoa, KL and Rajaonarivelo, T and Rakotondrainibe, HH and Junge, RE and Williams, CV and Rambeloson, E and Rasoanaivo, HA and Rahalinarivo, V and Andrianandrianina, LH and Clayton, JB and Rothman, RS and Lawler, RR and Bradley, BJ and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {Molecular adaptation to folivory and the conservation
implications for Madagascar’s lemurs},
Year = {2021},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.06.451309},
Abstract = {<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Folivory evolved
independently at least three times over the last 40 million
years among Madagascar’s lemurs. Many extant lemuriform
folivores exist in sympatry in Madagascar’s remaining
forests. These species avoid feeding competition by adopting
different dietary strategies within folivory, reflected in
behavioral, morphological, and microbiota diversity across
species. These conditions make lemurs an ideal study system
for understanding adaptation to leaf-eating. Most folivorous
lemurs are also highly endangered. The significance of
folivory for conservation outlook is complex. Though
generalist folivores may be relatively well equipped to
survive habitat disturbance, specialist folivores occupying
narrow dietary niches may be less resilient. Characterizing
the genetic bases of adaptation to folivory across species
and lineages can provide insights into their differential
physiology and potential to resist habitat change. We
recently reported accelerated genetic change
in<jats:italic>RNASE1</jats:italic>, a gene encoding an
enzyme (RNase 1) involved in molecular adaptation in
mammalian folivores, including various monkeys and sifakas
(genus<jats:italic>Propithecus</jats:italic>; family
Indriidae). Here, we sought to assess whether other lemurs,
including phylogenetically and ecologically diverse
folivores, might show parallel adaptive change
in<jats:italic>RNASE1</jats:italic>that could underlie a
capacity for efficient folivory. We characterized<jats:italic>RNASE1</jats:italic>in
21 lemur species representing all five families and members
of the three extant folivorous lineages: 1) bamboo lemurs
(family Lemuridae), 2) sportive lemurs (family
Lepilemuridae), and 3) indriids (family Indriidae). We found
pervasive sequence change in<jats:italic>RNASE1</jats:italic>across
all indriids, a d<jats:sub>N</jats:sub>/d<jats:sub>S</jats:sub>value
> 3 in this clade, and evidence for shared change in
isoelectric point, indicating altered enzymatic function.
Sportive and bamboo lemurs, in contrast, showed more modest
sequence change. The greater change in indriids may reflect
a shared strategy emphasizing complex gut morphology and
microbiota to facilitate folivory. This case study
illustrates how genetic analysis may reveal differences in
functional traits that could influence species’ ecology
and, in turn, their resilience to habitat change. Moreover,
our results support the contention that not all primate
folivores are built the same and highlight the need to avoid
generalizations about dietary guild in considering
conservation outlook, particularly in lemurs where such
diversity in folivory has probably led to extensive
specialization via niche partitioning.</jats:p>},
Doi = {10.1101/2021.07.06.451309},
Key = {fds366563}
}
@article{fds356173,
Author = {Guevara, EE and Hopkins, WD and Hof, PR and Ely, JJ and Bradley, BJ and Sherwood, CC},
Title = {Comparative analysis reveals distinctive epigenetic features
of the human cerebellum.},
Journal = {Plos Genetics},
Volume = {17},
Number = {5},
Pages = {e1009506},
Year = {2021},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009506},
Abstract = {Identifying the molecular underpinnings of the neural
specializations that underlie human cognitive and behavioral
traits has long been of considerable interest. Much research
on human-specific changes in gene expression and epigenetic
marks has focused on the prefrontal cortex, a brain
structure distinguished by its role in executive functions.
The cerebellum shows expansion in great apes and is gaining
increasing attention for its role in motor skills and
cognitive processing, including language. However,
relatively few molecular studies of the cerebellum in a
comparative evolutionary context have been conducted. Here,
we identify human-specific methylation in the lateral
cerebellum relative to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,
in a comparative study with chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Specifically, we
profiled genome-wide methylation levels in the three species
for each of the two brain structures and identified
human-specific differentially methylated genomic regions
unique to each structure. We further identified which
differentially methylated regions (DMRs) overlap likely
regulatory elements and determined whether associated genes
show corresponding species differences in gene expression.
We found greater human-specific methylation in the
cerebellum than the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, with
differentially methylated regions overlapping genes involved
in several conditions or processes relevant to human
neurobiology, including synaptic plasticity, lipid
metabolism, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, and
neurodevelopment, including developmental disorders.
Moreover, our results show some overlap with those of
previous studies focused on the neocortex, indicating that
such results may be common to multiple brain structures.
These findings further our understanding of the cerebellum
in human brain evolution.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pgen.1009506},
Key = {fds356173}
}
@article{fds355947,
Author = {Guevara, EE and Webster, TH and Lawler, RR and Bradley, BJ and Greene,
LK and Ranaivonasy, J and Ratsirarson, J and Harris, RA and Liu, Y and Murali, S and Raveendran, M and Hughes, DST and Muzny, DM and Yoder, AD and Worley, KC and Rogers, J},
Title = {Comparative genomic analysis of sifakas (Propithecus)
reveals selection for folivory and high heterozygosity
despite endangered status.},
Journal = {Science Advances},
Volume = {7},
Number = {17},
Pages = {eabd2274},
Year = {2021},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd2274},
Abstract = {Sifakas (genus Propithecus) are critically endangered,
large-bodied diurnal lemurs that eat leaf-based diets and
show corresponding anatomical and microbial adaptations to
folivory. We report on the genome assembly of Coquerel's
sifaka (P. coquereli) and the resequenced genomes of
Verreaux's (P. verreauxi), the golden-crowned (P.
tattersalli), and the diademed (P. diadema) sifakas. We find
high heterozygosity in all sifakas compared with other
primates and endangered mammals. Demographic reconstructions
nevertheless suggest declines in effective population size
beginning before human arrival on Madagascar. Comparative
genomic analyses indicate pervasive accelerated evolution in
the ancestral sifaka lineage affecting genes in several
complementary pathways relevant to folivory, including
nutrient absorption and xenobiotic and fatty acid
metabolism. Sifakas show convergent evolution at the level
of the pathway, gene family, gene, and amino acid
substitution with other folivores. Although sifakas have
relatively generalized diets, the physiological challenges
of habitual folivory likely led to strong
selection.},
Doi = {10.1126/sciadv.abd2274},
Key = {fds355947}
}
@article{fds355361,
Author = {Staes, N and Guevara, EE and Helsen, P and Eens, M and Stevens,
JMG},
Title = {The Pan social brain: An evolutionary history of
neurochemical receptor genes and their potential impact on
sociocognitive differences.},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {152},
Pages = {102949},
Year = {2021},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.102949},
Abstract = {Humans have unique cognitive capacities that, compared with
apes, are not only simply expressed as a higher level of
general intelligence, but also as a quantitative difference
in sociocognitive skills. Humans' closest living relatives,
bonobos (Pan paniscus), and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes),
show key between-species differences in social cognition
despite their close phylogenetic relatedness, with bonobos
arguably showing greater similarities to humans. To better
understand the evolution of these traits, we investigate the
neurochemical mechanisms underlying sociocognitive skills by
focusing on variation in genes encoding proteins with
well-documented roles in mammalian social cognition: the
receptors for vasopressin (AVPR1A), oxytocin (OXTR),
serotonin (HTR1A), and dopamine (DRD2). Although these genes
have been well studied in humans, little is known about
variation in these genes that may underlie differences in
social behavior and cognition in apes. We comparatively
analyzed sequence data for 33 bonobos and 57 chimpanzees,
together with orthologous sequence data for other apes. In
all four genes, we describe genetic variants that alter the
amino acid sequence of the respective receptors, raising the
possibility that ligand binding or signal transduction may
be impacted. Overall, bonobos show 57% more fixed
substitutions than chimpanzees compared with the ancestral
Pan lineage. Chimpanzees, show 31% more polymorphic coding
variation, in line with their larger historical effective
population size estimates and current wider distribution. An
extensive literature review comparing allelic changes in Pan
with known human behavioral variants revealed evidence of
homologous evolution in bonobos and humans (OXTR
rs4686301(T) and rs237897(A)), while humans and chimpanzees
shared OXTR rs2228485(A), DRD2 rs6277(A), and DRD2
rs11214613(A) to the exclusion of bonobos. Our results offer
the first in-depth comparison of neurochemical receptor gene
variation in Pan and put forward new variants for future
behavior-genotype association studies in apes, which can
increase our understanding of the evolution of social
cognition in modern humans.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.102949},
Key = {fds355361}
}
@article{fds352546,
Author = {Guevara, EE and Lawler, RR and Staes, N and White, CM and Sherwood, CC and Ely, JJ and Hopkins, WD and Bradley, BJ},
Title = {Age-associated epigenetic change in chimpanzees and
humans.},
Journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological Sciences},
Volume = {375},
Number = {1811},
Pages = {20190616},
Year = {2020},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0616},
Abstract = {Methylation levels have been shown to change with age at
sites across the human genome. Change at some of these sites
is so consistent across individuals that it can be used as
an 'epigenetic clock' to predict an individual's
chronological age to within a few years. Here, we examined
how the pattern of epigenetic ageing in chimpanzees compares
with humans. We profiled genome-wide blood methylation
levels by microarray for 113 samples from 83 chimpanzees
aged 1-58 years (26 chimpanzees were sampled at multiple
ages during their lifespan). Many sites (greater than 65
000) showed significant change in methylation with age and
around one-third (32%) of these overlap with sites showing
significant age-related change in humans. At over 80% of
sites showing age-related change in both species,
chimpanzees displayed a significantly faster rate of
age-related change in methylation than humans. We also built
a chimpanzee-specific epigenetic clock that predicted age in
our test dataset with a median absolute deviation from known
age of only 2.4 years. However, our chimpanzee clock showed
little overlap with previously constructed human clocks.
Methylation at CpGs comprising our chimpanzee clock showed
moderate heritability. Although the use of a human
microarray for profiling chimpanzees biases our results
towards regions with shared genomic sequence between the
species, nevertheless, our results indicate that there is
considerable conservation in epigenetic ageing between
chimpanzees and humans, but also substantial divergence in
both rate and genomic distribution of ageing-associated
sites. This article is part of the theme issue 'Evolution of
the primate ageing process'.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2019.0616},
Key = {fds352546}
}
@article{fds346144,
Author = {Singh, SV and Staes, N and Guevara, EE and Schapiro, SJ and Ely, JJ and Hopkins, WD and Sherwood, CC and Bradley, BJ},
Title = {Evolution of ASPM coding variation in apes and associations
with brain structure in chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Genes, Brain, and Behavior},
Volume = {18},
Number = {7},
Pages = {e12582},
Year = {2019},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gbb.12582},
Abstract = {Studying genetic mechanisms underlying primate brain
morphology can provide insight into the evolution of human
brain structure and cognition. In humans, loss-of-function
mutations in the gene coding for ASPM (Abnormal Spindle
Microtubule Assembly) have been associated with primary
microcephaly, which is defined by a significantly reduced
brain volume, intellectual disability and delayed
development. However, less is known about the effects of
common ASPM variation in humans and other primates. In this
study, we characterized the degree of coding variation at
ASPM in a large sample of chimpanzees (N = 241), and
examined potential associations between genotype and various
measures of brain morphology. We identified and genotyped
five non-synonymous polymorphisms in exons 3 (V588G), 18
(Q2772K, K2796E, C2811Y) and 27 (I3427V). Using T1-weighted
magnetic resonance imaging of brains, we measured total
brain volume, cerebral gray and white matter volume,
cerebral ventricular volume, and cortical surface area in
the same chimpanzees. We found a potential association
between ASPM V588G genotype and cerebral ventricular volume
but not with the other measures. Additionally, we found that
chimpanzee, bonobo, and human lineages each independently
show a signature of accelerated ASPM protein evolution.
Overall, our results suggest the potential effects of ASPM
variation on cerebral cortical development, and emphasize
the need for further functional studies. These results are
the first evidence suggesting ASPM variation might play a
role in shaping natural variation in brain structure in
nonhuman primates.},
Doi = {10.1111/gbb.12582},
Key = {fds346144}
}
@article{fds346145,
Author = {Webster, T and Guevara, E and Lawler, R and Bradley,
B},
Title = {Successful exome capture and sequencing in lemurs using
human baits},
Year = {2018},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/490839},
Abstract = {ABSTRACT Objectives We assessed the efficacy of exome
capture in lemurs using commercially available human baits.
Materials and Methods We used two human kits (Nimblegen
SeqCap EZ Exome Probes v2.0; IDT xGen Exome Research Panel
v1.0) to capture and sequence the exomes of wild
Verreaux’s sifakas ( Propithecus verreauxi, n = 8), a
lemur species distantly related to humans. For comparison,
we also captured exomes of a primate species more closely
related to humans ( Macaca mulatta, n= 4). We mapped reads
to both the human reference assembly and the most closely
related reference for each species before calling variants.
We used measures of mapping quality and read coverage to
compare capture success. Results We observed high and
comparable mapping qualities for both species when mapped to
their respective nearest-relative reference genomes. When
investigating breadth of coverage, we found greater capture
success in macaques than sifakas using both nearest-relative
and human assemblies. Exome capture in sifakas was still
highly successful with more than 90% of annotated coding
sequence in the sifaka reference genome captured, and 80%
sequenced to a depth greater than 7x using Nimblegen baits.
However, this success depended on probe design: the use of
IDT probes resulted in substantially less callable sequence
at low-to-moderate depths. Discussion Overall, we
demonstrate successful exome capture in lemurs using human
baits, though success differed between kits tested. These
results indicate that exome capture is an effective and
economical genomic method of broad utility to evolutionary
primatologists working across the entire primate
order.},
Doi = {10.1101/490839},
Key = {fds346145}
}
@article{fds346146,
Author = {Guevara, EE and Lawler, RR},
Title = {Epigenetic Clocks.},
Journal = {Evolutionary Anthropology},
Volume = {27},
Number = {6},
Pages = {256-260},
Year = {2018},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.21745},
Abstract = {Recent research has revealed clock-like patterns of
epigenetic change across the life span in humans. Models
describing these epigenetic changes have been dubbed
"epigenetic clocks," and they can not only predict
chronological age but also reveal biological age, which
measures physiological homeostasis and deterioration over
the life span. Comparative studies of the epigenetic clocks
of different primate species are likely to provide insights
into the evolution of life history schedules, as well as
shed light on the physiological and genetic bases of aging
and aging-related diseases. Chronological age estimation
using clock-based calculators may also offer biological
anthropologists a useful tool for applying to forensic and
demographic studies.},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.21745},
Key = {fds346146}
}
@article{fds346308,
Author = {Guevara, EE and Frankel, DC and Ranaivonasy, J and Richard, AF and Ratsirarson, J and Lawler, RR and Bradley, BJ},
Title = {A simple, economical protocol for DNA extraction and
amplification where there is no lab},
Journal = {Conservation Genetics Resources},
Volume = {10},
Number = {1},
Pages = {119-125},
Year = {2018},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12686-017-0758-5},
Abstract = {Genetic analyses are well suited to address many research
questions in the study of wild populations, yet species of
interest often have distributions that are geographically
distant from molecular laboratories, necessitating
potentially lengthy transport of biological specimens.
Performing basic genetic analyses on site would avoid the
project delays and risks of sample quality decline
associated with transport, as well as allow original
specimens to remain in the country of origin. Further,
diagnostic genetic assays performed in the field could
provide real-time information allowing for more nimble
adjustments to research plans and use of resources. To this
end, we developed protocols for reliably performing
front-end genetics bench work in the field, without the
requirements of electricity or permanent shelter. We
validated these protocols on buccal swabs collected during
routine capturing of sifaka lemurs (Propithecus verreauxi)
at Bezà Mahafaly Special Reserve in Southwest Madagascar
and faecal samples collected from captive sifakas (P.
coquereli) at the Duke Lemur Center. Our basic protocol
pipeline involves a chelating resin based DNA extraction
followed by whole genome amplification or polymerase chain
reaction using reagents stored at ambient temperature and
portable, compact equipment powered by a lightweight solar
panel. We achieved a high success rate (CloseSPigtSPi80%) in
downstream procedures, demonstrating the promise of such
protocols for performing basic genetic analyses in a broad
range of field situations.},
Doi = {10.1007/s12686-017-0758-5},
Key = {fds346308}
}
@article{fds346147,
Author = {Staes, N and Sherwood, CC and Wright, K and de Manuel, M and Guevara,
EE and Marques-Bonet, T and Krützen, M and Massiah, M and Hopkins, WD and Ely, JJ and Bradley, BJ},
Title = {FOXP2 variation in great ape populations offers insight into
the evolution of communication skills.},
Journal = {Scientific Reports},
Volume = {7},
Number = {1},
Pages = {16866},
Year = {2017},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-16844-x},
Abstract = {The gene coding for the forkhead box protein P2 (FOXP2) is
associated with human language disorders. Evolutionary
changes in this gene are hypothesized to have contributed to
the emergence of speech and language in the human lineage.
Although FOXP2 is highly conserved across most mammals,
humans differ at two functional amino acid substitutions
from chimpanzees, bonobos and gorillas, with an additional
fixed substitution found in orangutans. However, FOXP2 has
been characterized in only a small number of apes and no
publication to date has examined the degree of natural
variation in large samples of unrelated great apes. Here, we
analyzed the genetic variation in the FOXP2 coding sequence
in 63 chimpanzees, 11 bonobos, 48 gorillas, 37 orangutans
and 2 gibbons and observed undescribed variation in great
apes. We identified two variable polyglutamine
microsatellites in chimpanzees and orangutans and found
three nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms, one in
chimpanzees, one in gorillas and one in orangutans with
derived allele frequencies of 0.01, 0.26 and 0.29,
respectively. Structural and functional protein modeling
indicate a biochemical effect of the substitution in
orangutans, and because of its presence solely in the
Sumatran orangutan species, the mutation may be associated
with reported population differences in vocalizations.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-16844-x},
Key = {fds346147}
}
@article{fds346148,
Author = {Guevara, EE and Chen-Kraus, C and Jacobs, RL and Baden,
AL},
Title = {Celebrating fifty years of research at the Duke Lemur
Center.},
Journal = {Evolutionary Anthropology},
Volume = {26},
Number = {2},
Pages = {47-48},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.21521},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.21521},
Key = {fds346148}
}
@article{fds346149,
Author = {Bradley, BJ and Snowdon, CT and McGrew, WC and Lawler, RR and Guevara,
EE and McIntosh, A and O'Connor, T},
Title = {Non-human primates avoid the detrimental effects of prenatal
androgen exposure in mixed-sex litters: combined
demographic, behavioral, and genetic analyses.},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {78},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1304-1315},
Year = {2016},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22583},
Abstract = {Producing single versus multiple births has important life
history trade-offs, including the potential benefits and
risks of sharing a common in utero environment. Sex hormones
can diffuse through amniotic fluid and fetal membranes, and
females with male littermates risk exposure to high levels
of fetal testosterone, which are shown to have masculinizing
effects and negative fitness consequences in many mammals.
Whereas most primates give birth to single offspring,
several New World monkey and strepsirrhine species regularly
give birth to small litters. We examined whether neonatal
testosterone exposure might be detrimental to females in
mixed-sex litters by compiling data from long-term breeding
records for seven primate species (Saguinus oedipus; Varecia
variegata, Varecia rubra, Microcebus murinis, Mirza
coquereli, Cheirogaleus medius, Galago moholi). Litter sex
ratios did not differ from the expected 1:2:1 (MM:MF:FF for
twins) and 1:2:2:1 (MMM:MMF:MFF:FFF for triplets). Measures
of reproductive success, including female survivorship,
offspring-survivorship, and inter-birth interval, did not
differ between females born in mixed-sex versus all-female
litters, indicating that litter-producing non-human
primates, unlike humans and rodents, show no signs of
detrimental effects from androgen exposure in mixed sex
litters. Although we found no evidence for CYP19A1 gene
duplications-a hypothesized mechanism for coping with
androgen exposure-aromatase protein evolution shows patterns
of convergence among litter-producing taxa. That some
primates have effectively found a way to circumvent a major
cost of multiple births has implications for understanding
variation in litter size and life history strategies across
mammals.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.22583},
Key = {fds346149}
}
@article{fds346150,
Author = {Guevara, EE and Veilleux, CC and Saltonstall, K and Caccone, A and Mundy, NI and Bradley, BJ},
Title = {Potential arms race in the coevolution of primates and
angiosperms: brazzein sweet proteins and gorilla taste
receptors.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {161},
Number = {1},
Pages = {181-185},
Year = {2016},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23046},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>We explored whether variation in the
sweet taste receptor protein T1R3 in primates could
contribute to differences in sweet taste repertoire among
species, potentially reflecting coevolution with local
plants. Specifically, we examined which primates are likely
to be sweet "tasters" of brazzein, a protein found in the
fruit of the African plant Pentadiplandra brazzeana that
tastes intensely sweet to humans, but provides little
energy. Sweet proteins like brazzein are thought to mimic
the taste of sugars to entice seed dispersers. We examined
the evolution of T1R3 and assessed whether primates are
likely "deceived" by such biochemical mimicry.<h4>Methods</h4>Using
published and new sequence data for TAS1R3, we characterized
57 primates and other mammals at the two amino acid sites
necessary to taste brazzein to determine which species are
tasters. We further used dN/dS-based methods to look for
statistical evidence of accelerated evolution in this
protein across primate lineages.<h4>Results</h4>The taster
genotype is shared across most catarrhines, suggesting that
most African primates can be "tricked" into eating and
dispersing P. brazzeana's seeds for little caloric gain.
Western gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), however, exhibit derived
mutations at the two brazzein-critical positions, and
although fruit is a substantial portion of the western
gorilla diet, they have not been observed to eat P.
brazzeana. Our analyses of protein evolution found no
signature of positive selection on TAS1R3 along the gorilla
lineage.<h4>Discussion</h4>We propose that the
gorilla-specific mutations at the TAS1R3 locus encoding T1R3
could be a counter-adaptation to the false sweet signal of
brazzein.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23046},
Key = {fds346150}
}
@article{fds346151,
Author = {Perlman, RF and Nishimura, AC and Mongle, CS and Kling, K and Guevara,
EE and Arslanian, K},
Title = {Life's a peach for anthropologists in atlanta.},
Journal = {Evolutionary Anthropology},
Volume = {25},
Number = {3},
Pages = {81-83},
Year = {2016},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.21493},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.21493},
Key = {fds346151}
}
@article{fds346152,
Author = {Perlman, RF and de Vries, D and Jacobs, RL and Holowka, NB and Pain, EL and Guevara, EE and Thompson, NE},
Title = {The gateway to anthropology in St. Louis.},
Journal = {Evolutionary Anthropology},
Volume = {24},
Number = {3},
Pages = {101-103},
Year = {2015},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.21450},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.21450},
Key = {fds346152}
}
@article{fds346153,
Author = {Guevara, EE and Steiper, ME},
Title = {Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Papionina using
concatenation and species tree methods.},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {66},
Pages = {18-28},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.09.003},
Abstract = {The Papionina is a geographically widespread subtribe of
African cercopithecid monkeys whose evolutionary history is
of particular interest to anthropologists. The phylogenetic
relationships among arboreal mangabeys (Lophocebus), baboons
(Papio), and geladas (Theropithecus) remain unresolved.
Molecular phylogenetic analyses have revealed marked gene
tree incongruence for these taxa, and several recent
concatenated phylogenetic analyses of multilocus datasets
have supported different phylogenetic hypotheses. To address
this issue, we investigated the phylogeny of the
Lophocebus + Papio + Theropithecus group using
concatenation methods, as well as alternative methods that
incorporate gene tree heterogeneity to estimate a 'species
tree.' Our compiled DNA sequence dataset was ∼56 kb pairs
long and included 57 independent partitions. All analyses of
concatenated alignments strongly supported a
Lophocebus + Papio clade and a basal position for
Theropithecus. The Bayesian concordance analysis supported
the same phylogeny. A coalescent-based Bayesian method
resulted in a very poorly resolved species tree. The
topological agreement between concatenation and the Bayesian
concordance analysis offers considerable support for a
Lophocebus + Papio clade as the dominant relationship
across the genome. However, the results of the Bayesian
concordance analysis indicate that almost half the genome
has an alternative history. As such, our results offer a
well-supported phylogenetic hypothesis for the
Papio/Lophocebus/Theropithecus trichotomy, while at the same
time providing evidence for a complex evolutionary history
that likely includes hybridization among
lineages.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.09.003},
Key = {fds346153}
}
@article{fds346154,
Author = {Guevara, EEG and Steiper, ME},
Title = {Analysis of multi-locus sequence data indicates complex
speciation in the evolutionary history of the
Papionina},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {150},
Pages = {139-140},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds346154}
}
%% Gunnell, Gregg F
@article{fds295095,
Author = {Gunnell, GF and Simmons, NB and Seiffert, ER},
Title = {New Myzopodidae (Chiroptera) from the Late Paleogene of
Egypt: Emended Family Diagnosis and Biogeographic Origins of
Noctilionoidea},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {9},
Number = {2},
Pages = {e86712-e86712},
Editor = {Farke, AA},
Year = {2014},
Month = {February},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/8366 Duke open
access},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0086712},
Key = {fds295095}
}
%% Hanna, Jandy B
@article{fds280120,
Author = {JB Hanna and JD Polk and D Schmitt},
Title = {Forelimb and hindlimb forces in walking and galloping
primates},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {130},
Number = {4},
Pages = {529-535},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20385},
Abstract = {One trait that distinguishes the walking gaits of most
primates from those of most mammalian nonprimates is the
distribution of weight between the forelimbs and hindlimbs.
Nonprimate mammals generally experience higher vertical peak
substrate reaction forces on the forelimb than on the
hindlimb. Primates, in contrast, generally experience higher
vertical peak substrate reaction forces on the hindlimb than
on the forelimb. It is currently unclear whether this
unusual pattern of force distribution characterizes other
primate gaits as well. The available kinetic data for
galloping primates are limited and present an ambiguous
picture about peak-force distribution among the limbs. The
present study investigates whether the pattern of
forelimb-to-hindlimb force distribution seen during walking
in primates is also displayed during galloping. Six species
of primates were video-recorded during walking and galloping
across a runway or horizontal pole instrumented with a
force-plate. The results show that while the force
differences between forelimb and hindlimb are not
significantly different from zero during galloping, the
pattern of force distribution is generally the same during
walking and galloping for most primate species. These
patterns and statistical results are similar to data
collected during walking on the ground. The pattern of limb
differentiation exhibited by primates during walking and
galloping stands in contrast to the pattern seen in most
nonprimate mammals, in which forelimb forces are
significantly higher. The data reported here and by Demes et
al. ([1994] J. Hum. Evol. 26:353-374) suggest that a
relative reduction of forelimb vertical peak forces is part
of an overall difference in locomotor mechanics between most
primates and most nonprimate mammals during both walking and
galloping. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20385},
Key = {fds280120}
}
@article{fds280121,
Author = {CJ Vinyard and J Hanna},
Title = {Molar scaling in strepsirrhine primates},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION},
Volume = {49},
Number = {2},
Pages = {241-269},
Publisher = {Elsevier},
Year = {2005},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000231159800005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {www.sciencedirect.com},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.04.002},
Key = {fds280121}
}
@article{fds43682,
Author = {J.B. Hanna},
Title = {Vertical climbing energetics in two prosimian
primates},
Journal = {AJPA},
Volume = {126},
Number = {Suppl. 40},
Pages = {111},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds43682}
}
@article{fds43683,
Author = {Hirasaki, E and Hanna, JB and Ogihara, N and Kumakura, H and M
Nakatsukasa},
Title = {Dynamic plantar pressure distribution during locomotion in
bipedally trained Japanese macaques},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {126},
Number = {Suppl. 40},
Pages = {116},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds43683}
}
@article{fds280119,
Author = {JB Hanna},
Title = {Vertical climbing kinematics of lorises and Cheirogaleus
medius},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds280119}
}
@article{fds280118,
Author = {D Schmitt and M Cartmill and TM Griffin and JB Hanna and P
Lemelin},
Title = {Ground running gaits in primates},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds280118}
}
@article{fds280122,
Author = {RF Kay and D Schmitt and CJ Vinyard and JM Perry and N Shigehara and M
Takai and N Egi},
Title = {The paleobiology of Amphipithecidae, South Asian late Eocene
primates.},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Volume = {46},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3-25},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14698683},
Abstract = {Analysis of the teeth, orbital, and gnathic regions of the
skull, and fragmentary postcranial bones provides evidence
for reconstructing a behavioral profile of Amphipithecidae:
Pondaungia, Amphipithecus, Myanmarpithecus (late middle
Eocene, Myanmar) and Siamopithecus (late Eocene, Thailand).
At 5-8 kg, Pondaungia, Amphipithecus, and Siamopithecus are
perhaps the largest known Eocene primates. The dental and
mandibular anatomy suggest that large-bodied amphipithecids
were hard-object feeders. The shape of the mandibular corpus
and stiffened symphysis suggest an ability to resist large
internal loads during chewing and to recruit significant
amounts of muscle forces from both the chewing and
non-chewing sides of the jaw so as to increase bite force
during mastication. The large spatulate upper central
incisor of Pondaungia and projecting robust canines of all
the larger amphipithecids suggest that incisal food
preparation was important. The molars of Siamopithecus,
Amphipithecus, and Pondaungia have weak shearing crests.
This, and the thick molar enamel found in Pondaungia,
suggests a diet of seeds and other hard objects low in
fiber. In contrast, Myanmarpithecus was smaller, about 1-2
kg; its cheek teeth suggest a frugivorous diet and do not
imply seed eating. Postcranial bones (humerus, ulna, and
calcaneus) of a single large amphipithecid individual from
Myanmar suggest an arboreal quadrupedal locomotor style like
that of howler monkeys or lorises. The humeral head is
rounded, proximally oriented, and the tuberosities are low
indicating an extremely mobile glenohumeral joint. The great
thickness of the midshaft cortical bone of the humerus
implies enhanced ability to resist bending and torsion, as
seen among slow moving primate quadrupeds. The elbow joint
exhibits articular features for enhanced stability in
habitually flexed positions, features also commonly found in
slow moving arboreal quadrupeds. The short distal load arm
of the calcaneus is consistent with, but not exclusive to,
slow, arboreal quadrupedalism, and suggests no reliance on
habitual leaping.},
Key = {fds280122}
}
@article{fds43677,
Author = {Schmitt, D and JB Hanna},
Title = {Substrate alters forelimb to hindlimb peak force ratios in
primates},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {46},
Number = {3},
Pages = {239-254},
Year = {2004},
Abstract = {www.sciencedirect.com},
Key = {fds43677}
}
%% Hare, Brian
@article{fds369844,
Author = {Salomons, H and Smith, KCM and Callahan-Beckel, M and Callahan, M and Levy, K and Kennedy, BS and Bray, EE and Gnanadesikan, GE and Horschler,
DJ and Gruen, M and Tan, J and White, P and vonHoldt, BM and MacLean, EL and Hare, B},
Title = {Response to Hansen Wheat et al.: Additional analysis further
supports the early emergence of cooperative communication in
dogs compared to wolves raised with more human
exposure.},
Journal = {Learning & behavior},
Volume = {51},
Number = {2},
Pages = {131-134},
Year = {2023},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13420-023-00576-2},
Abstract = {Here, we address Hansen Wheat et al.'s commentary in this
journal in response to Salomons et al. Current Biology,
31(14), 3137-3144.E11, (2021). We conduct additional
analyses in response to Hansen Wheat et al.'s two main
questions. First, we examine the claim that it was the move
to a human home environment which enabled the dog puppies to
outperform the wolf puppies in gesture comprehension tasks.
We show that the youngest dog puppies who had not yet been
individually placed in raisers' homes were still highly
skilled, and outperformed similar-aged wolf puppies who had
higher levels of human interaction. Second, we address the
claim that willingness to approach a stranger can explain
the difference between dog and wolf pups' ability to succeed
in gesture comprehension tasks. We explain the various
controls in the original study that render this explanation
insufficient, and demonstrate via model comparison that the
covariance of species and temperament also make this parsing
impossible. Overall, our additional analyses and
considerations support the domestication hypothesis as laid
out by Salomons et al. Current Biology, 31(14),
3137-3144.E11, (2021).},
Doi = {10.3758/s13420-023-00576-2},
Key = {fds369844}
}
@article{fds363720,
Author = {Zhou, W and Hare, B},
Title = {The Early Expression of Blatant Dehumanization in Children
and Its Association with Outgroup Negativity.},
Journal = {Human nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.)},
Volume = {33},
Number = {2},
Pages = {196-214},
Year = {2022},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12110-022-09427-x},
Abstract = {Dehumanization is observed in adults across cultures and is
thought to motivate human violence. The age of its first
expression remains largely untested. This research
demonstrates that diverse representations of humanness,
including a novel one, readily elicit blatant dehumanization
in adults (N = 482) and children (aged 5-12;
N = 150). Dehumanizing responses in both age groups are
associated with support for outgroup inferiority. Similar to
the link previously observed in adults, dehumanization by
children is associated with a willingness to punish outgroup
transgressors. These findings suggest that exposure to
cultural norms throughout adolescence and adulthood are not
required for the development of outgroup
dehumanization.},
Doi = {10.1007/s12110-022-09427-x},
Key = {fds363720}
}
@article{fds359024,
Author = {Rimbach, R and Amireh, A and Allen, A and Hare, B and Guarino, E and Kaufman, C and Salomons, H and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Total energy expenditure of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops
truncatus) of different ages.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Year = {2021},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.242218},
Abstract = {Marine mammals are thought to have an energetically
expensive lifestyle because endothermy is costly in marine
environments. However, measurements of total energy
expenditure (TEE; kcal/day) are available only for a limited
number of marine mammals, because large body size and
inaccessible habitats make TEE measurements expensive and
difficult for many taxa. We measured TEE in 10 adult common
bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) living in natural
seawater lagoons at two facilities (Dolphin Research Center
and Dolphin Quest) using the doubly labeled water method. We
assessed the relative effects of body mass, age, and
physical activity on TEE. We also examined whether TEE of
bottlenose dolphins, and more generally marine mammals,
differs from that expected for their body mass compared to
other eutherian mammals, using phylogenetic least squares
(PGLS) regressions. There were no differences in body mass
or TEE (unadjusted TEE and TEE adjusted for fat free mass
(FFM)) between dolphins from both facilities. Our results
show that Adjusted TEE decreased and fat mass (FM) increased
with age. Different measures of activity were not related to
age, body fat or Adjusted TEE. Both PGLS and the
non-phylogenetic linear regression indicate that marine
mammals have an elevated TEE compared to terrestrial
mammals. However, bottlenose dolphins expended 17.1% less
energy than other marine mammals of similar body mass. The
two oldest dolphins (>40 years) showed a lower TEE, similar
to the decline in TEE seen in older humans. To our
knowledge, this is the first study to show an age-related
metabolic decline in a large non-human mammal.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.242218},
Key = {fds359024}
}
@article{fds358337,
Author = {Salomons, H and Smith, KCM and Callahan-Beckel, M and Callahan, M and Levy, K and Kennedy, BS and Bray, EE and Gnanadesikan, GE and Horschler,
DJ and Gruen, M and Tan, J and White, P and vonHoldt, BM and MacLean, EL and Hare, B},
Title = {Cooperative Communication with Humans Evolved to Emerge
Early in Domestic Dogs.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {31},
Number = {14},
Pages = {3137-3144.e11},
Year = {2021},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.051},
Abstract = {Although we know that dogs evolved from wolves, it remains
unclear how domestication affected dog cognition. One
hypothesis suggests dog domestication altered social
maturation by a process of selecting for an attraction to
humans.<sup>1-3</sup> Under this account, dogs became more
flexible in using inherited skills to cooperatively
communicate with a new social partner that was previously
feared and expressed these unusual social skills early in
development.<sup>4-6</sup> Here, we comparedog (n = 44) and
wolf (n = 37) puppies, 5-18 weeks old, on a battery of
temperament and cognition tasks. We find that dog puppies
are more attracted to humans, read human gestures more
skillfully, and make more eye contact with humans than wolf
puppies. The two species are similarly attracted to familiar
objects and perform similarly on non-social measures of
memory and inhibitory control. These results are consistent
with the idea that domestication enhanced the
cooperative-communicative abilities of dogs as selection for
attraction to humans altered social maturation.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.051},
Key = {fds358337}
}
@article{fds356121,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Brown, MH and Wood, BM and Raichlen, DA and Mabulla, AZP and Harris, JA and Dunsworth, H and Hare, B and Walker, K and Luke, A and Dugas, LR and Schoeller, D and Plange-Rhule, J and Bovet, P and Forrester, TE and Thompson, ME and Shumaker, RW and Rothman, JM and Vogel, E and Sulistyo, F and Alavi, S and Prasetyo, D and Urlacher, SS and Ross, SR},
Title = {Evolution of water conservation in humans.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {31},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1804-1810.e5},
Year = {2021},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.02.045},
Abstract = {To sustain life, humans and other terrestrial animals must
maintain a tight balance of water gain and water loss each
day.<sup>1-3</sup> However, the evolution of human water
balance physiology is poorly understood due to the absence
of comparative measures from other hominoids. While humans
drink daily to maintain water balance, rainforest-living
great apes typically obtain adequate water from their food
and can go days or weeks without drinking<sup>4-6</sup>.
Here, we compare isotope-depletion measures of water
turnover (L/d) in zoo- and rainforest-sanctuary-housed apes
(chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans) with 5
diverse human populations, including a hunter-gatherer
community in a semi-arid savannah. Across the entire sample,
water turnover was strongly related to total energy
expenditure (TEE, kcal/d), physical activity, climate
(ambient temperature and humidity), and fat free mass. In
analyses controlling for those factors, water turnover was
30% to 50% lower in humans than in other apes despite
humans' greater sweating capacity. Water turnover in zoo and
sanctuary apes was similar to estimated turnover in wild
populations, as was the ratio of water intake to dietary
energy intake (∼2.8 mL/kcal). However, zoo and sanctuary
apes ingested a greater ratio of water to dry matter of
food, which might contribute to digestive problems in
captivity. Compared to apes, humans appear to target a lower
ratio of water/energy intake (∼1.5 mL/kcal). Water stress
due to changes in climate, diet, and behavior apparently led
to previously unknown water conservation adaptations in
hominin physiology.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2021.02.045},
Key = {fds356121}
}
@article{fds353051,
Author = {Bray, EE and Gruen, ME and Gnanadesikan, GE and Horschler, DJ and Levy,
KM and Kennedy, BS and Hare, BA and MacLean, EL},
Title = {Dog cognitive development: a longitudinal study across the
first 2 years of life.},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {24},
Number = {2},
Pages = {311-328},
Year = {2021},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-020-01443-7},
Abstract = {While our understanding of adult dog cognition has grown
considerably over the past 20 years, relatively little is
known about the ontogeny of dog cognition. To assess the
development and longitudinal stability of cognitive traits
in dogs, we administered a battery of tasks to 160 candidate
assistance dogs at 2 timepoints. The tasks were designed to
measure diverse aspects of cognition, ranging from executive
function (e.g., inhibitory control, reversal learning,
memory) to sensory discrimination (e.g., vision, audition,
olfaction) to social interaction with humans. Subjects first
participated as 8-10-week-old puppies, and then were
retested on the same tasks at ~ 21 months of age. With few
exceptions, task performance improved with age, with the
largest effects observed for measures of executive function
and social gaze. Results also indicated that individual
differences were both early emerging and enduring; for
example, social attention to humans, use of human
communicative signals, independent persistence at a problem,
odor discrimination, and inhibitory control all exhibited
moderate levels of rank-order stability between the two
timepoints. Using multiple regression, we found that young
adult performance on many cognitive tasks could be predicted
from a set of cognitive measures collected in early
development. Our findings contribute to knowledge about
changes in dog cognition across early development as well as
the origins and developmental stability of individual
differences.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-020-01443-7},
Key = {fds353051}
}
@article{fds355599,
Author = {Hare, B and Ferrans, M},
Title = {Is cognition the secret to working dog success?},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {24},
Number = {2},
Pages = {231-237},
Year = {2021},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-021-01491-7},
Abstract = {Dogs' special relationship with humans not only makes them
ubiquitous in our lives, but working dogs specifically
perform essential functions for us such as sniffing out
bombs and pulling wheelchairs for the disabled. To enhance
the performance of working dogs, it is essential to
understand the cognitive skills that underlie and lead to
their success. This review details recent work in the field
of canine cognition, including how dogs have evolved
socio-cognitive skills that mimic or, in some cases, rival
even our closest primate relatives. We review how these
findings have laid the foundation for new studies that hope
to help enhance working dog programs. This includes work
that has begun to reveal the development and stability of
the most important traits for service work. Discoveries like
these suggest the possibility of translating what we have
learned to improve breeding, selection, and training for
these jobs. The latest research we review here shows promise
in contributing to the production of better dogs and,
consequently, more help for people.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-021-01491-7},
Key = {fds355599}
}
@article{fds353832,
Author = {Bowie, A and Walker, K and Bunnell, G and Morel, D and Minesi, F and Belais, R and Hare, B},
Title = {Assessing conservation attitudes and behaviors of Congolese
children neighboring the world's first bonobo (Pan paniscus)
release site.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {83},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e23217},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.23217},
Abstract = {Poaching and habitat destruction in the Congo Basin threaten
African great apes including the bonobo (Pan paniscus),
chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), and gorillas (Gorilla spp.)
with extinction. One way to combat extinction is to
reintroduce rescued and rehabilitated apes and repopulate
native habitats. Reintroduction programs are only successful
if they are supported by local populations. Ekolo ya Bonobo,
located in Equateur province of the Democratic Republic of
Congo (DRC), is the world's only reintroduction site for
rehabilitated bonobos. Here we assess whether children, of
the Ilonga-Pôo, living adjacent to Ekolo ya Bonobo
demonstrate more pro-ape conservation attitudes than
children living in, Kinshasa, the capital city. We examined
children's attitudes toward great apes because children are
typically the focus of conservation education programs. We
used the Great Ape Attitude Questionnaire to test the
Contact Hypothesis, which posits that proximity to great ape
habitat influences pro-conservation attitudes toward great
apes. Ilonga-Pôo children who live in closer contact with
wild bonobos felt greater responsibility to protect great
apes compared to those in Kinshasa who live outside the
natural habitat of great apes. These results suggest that
among participants in the DRC, spatial proximity to a
species fosters a greater sense of responsibility to protect
and conserve. These results have implications for the
successful implementation of great ape reintroduction
programs in the Congo Basin. The data analyzed in this study
were collected in 2010 and therefore provide a baseline for
longitudinal study of this reintroduction
site.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.23217},
Key = {fds353832}
}
@article{fds353050,
Author = {Gnanadesikan, GE and Hare, B and Snyder-Mackler, N and Call, J and Kaminski, J and Miklósi, Á and MacLean, EL},
Title = {Breed Differences in Dog Cognition Associated with
Brain-Expressed Genes and Neurological Functions.},
Journal = {Integrative and comparative biology},
Volume = {60},
Number = {4},
Pages = {976-990},
Year = {2020},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa112},
Abstract = {Given their remarkable phenotypic diversity, dogs present a
unique opportunity for investigating the genetic bases of
cognitive and behavioral traits. Our previous work
demonstrated that genetic relatedness among breeds accounts
for a substantial portion of variation in dog cognition.
Here, we investigated the genetic architecture of breed
differences in cognition, seeking to identify genes that
contribute to variation in cognitive phenotypes. To do so,
we combined cognitive data from the citizen science project
Dognition.com with published breed-average genetic
polymorphism data, resulting in a dataset of 1654
individuals with cognitive phenotypes representing 49
breeds. We conducted a breed-average genome-wide association
study to identify specific polymorphisms associated with
breed differences in inhibitory control, communication,
memory, and physical reasoning. We found five single
nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that reached genome-wide
significance after Bonferroni correction, located in EML1,
OR52E2, HS3ST5, a U6 spliceosomal RNA, and a long noncoding
RNA. When we combined results across multiple SNPs within
the same gene, we identified 188 genes implicated in breed
differences in cognition. This gene set included more genes
than expected by chance that were (1) differentially
expressed in brain tissue and (2) involved in nervous system
functions including peripheral nervous system development,
Wnt signaling, presynapse assembly, and synaptic vesicle
exocytosis. These results advance our understanding of the
genetic underpinnings of complex cognitive phenotypes and
identify specific genetic variants for further
research.},
Doi = {10.1093/icb/icaa112},
Key = {fds353050}
}
@article{fds350126,
Author = {Gnanadesikan, GE and Hare, B and Snyder-Mackler, N and MacLean,
EL},
Title = {Estimating the heritability of cognitive traits across dog
breeds reveals highly heritable inhibitory control and
communication factors.},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {23},
Number = {5},
Pages = {953-964},
Year = {2020},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-020-01400-4},
Abstract = {Trait heritability is necessary for evolution by both
natural and artificial selection, yet we know little about
the heritability of cognitive traits. Domestic dogs are a
valuable study system for questions regarding the evolution
of phenotypic diversity due to their extraordinary
intraspecific variation. While previous studies have
investigated morphological and behavioral variation across
dog breeds, few studies have systematically assessed breed
differences in cognition. We integrated data from
Dognition.com-a citizen science project on dog
cognition-with breed-averaged genetic data from published
sources to estimate the among-breed heritability of
cognitive traits using mixed models. The resulting dataset
included 11 cognitive measures for 1508 adult dogs across 36
breeds. A factor analysis yielded four factors interpreted
as reflecting inhibitory control, communication, memory, and
physical reasoning. Narrow-sense among-breed heritability
estimates-reflecting the proportion of cognitive variance
attributable to additive genetic variation-revealed that
scores on the inhibitory control and communication factors
were highly heritable (inhibitory control:
h<sup>2</sup> = 0.70; communication:
h<sup>2</sup> = 0.39), while memory and physical
reasoning were less heritable (memory: h<sup>2</sup> = 0.17;
physical reasoning: h<sup>2</sup> = 0.21). Although the
heritability of inhibitory control is partially explained by
body weight, controlling for breed-average weight still
yields a high heritability estimate (h<sup>2</sup> = 0.50),
while other factors are minimally affected. Our results
indicate that cognitive phenotypes in dogs covary with breed
relatedness and suggest that cognitive traits have strong
potential to undergo selection. The highest heritabilities
were observed for inhibitory control and communication, both
of which are hypothesized to have been altered by
domestication.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-020-01400-4},
Key = {fds350126}
}
@article{fds350795,
Author = {Bray, EE and Gruen, ME and Gnanadesikan, GE and Horschler, DJ and Levy,
KM and Kennedy, BS and Hare, BA and MacLean, EL},
Title = {Cognitive characteristics of 8- to 10-week-old assistance
dog puppies},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {166},
Pages = {193-206},
Year = {2020},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.05.019},
Abstract = {To characterize the early ontogeny of dog cognition, we
tested 168 domestic dog, Canis familiaris, puppies (97
females, 71 males; mean age = 9.2 weeks) in a novel test
battery based on previous tasks developed and employed with
adolescent and adult dogs. Our sample consisted of Labrador
retrievers, golden retrievers and Labrador × golden
retriever crosses from 65 different litters at Canine
Companions for Independence, an organization that breeds,
trains and places assistance dogs for people with
disabilities. Puppies participated in a 3-day cognitive
battery that consisted of 14 tasks measuring different
cognitive abilities and temperament traits such as executive
function (e.g. inhibitory control, reversal learning,
working memory), use of social cues, sensory discriminations
and reactivity to and recovery from novel situations. At
8–10 weeks of age, and despite minimal experience with
humans, puppies reliably used a variety of
cooperative-communicative gestures from humans. Puppies
accurately remembered the location of hidden food for delays
of up to 20 s, and succeeded in a variety of visual,
olfactory and auditory discrimination problems. They also
showed some skill at executive function tasks requiring
inhibitory control and reversal learning, although they
scored lower on these tasks than is typical in adulthood.
Taken together, our results confirm the early emergence of
sensitivity to human communication in dogs and contextualize
these skills within a broad array of other cognitive
abilities measured at the same stage of ontogeny.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.05.019},
Key = {fds350795}
}
@article{fds349657,
Author = {Watowich, MM and MacLean, EL and Hare, B and Call, J and Kaminski, J and Miklósi, Á and Snyder-Mackler, N},
Title = {Age influences domestic dog cognitive performance
independent of average breed lifespan.},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {23},
Number = {4},
Pages = {795-805},
Year = {2020},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-020-01385-0},
Abstract = {Across mammals, increased body size is positively associated
with lifespan. However, within species, this relationship is
inverted. This is well illustrated in dogs (Canis
familiaris), where larger dogs exhibit accelerated life
trajectories: growing faster and dying younger than smaller
dogs. Similarly, some age-associated traits (e.g., growth
rate and physiological pace of aging) exhibit accelerated
trajectories in larger breeds. Yet, it is unknown whether
cognitive performance also demonstrates an accelerated life
course trajectory in larger dogs. Here, we measured
cognitive development and aging in a cross-sectional study
of over 4000 dogs from 66 breeds using nine memory and
decision-making tasks performed by citizen scientists as
part of the Dognition project. Specifically, we tested
whether cognitive traits follow a compressed (accelerated)
trajectory in larger dogs, or the same trajectory for all
breeds, which would result in limited cognitive decline in
larger breeds. We found that all breeds, regardless of size
or lifespan, tended to follow the same quadratic trajectory
of cognitive aging-with a period of cognitive development in
early life and decline in later life. Taken together, our
results suggest that cognitive performance follows similar
age-related trajectories across dog breeds, despite
remarkable variation in developmental rates and
lifespan.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-020-01385-0},
Key = {fds349657}
}
@article{fds348897,
Author = {Gruen, ME and White, P and Hare, B},
Title = {Do dog breeds differ in pain sensitivity? Veterinarians and
the public believe they do.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {15},
Number = {3},
Pages = {e0230315},
Year = {2020},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230315},
Abstract = {Humans do not respond to the pain of all humans equally;
physical appearance and associated group identity affect how
people respond to the pain of others. Here we ask if a
similar differential response occurs when humans evaluate
different individuals of another species. Beliefs about pain
in pet dogs (Canis familiaris) provide a powerful test,
since dogs vary so much in size, shape, and color, and are
often associated with behavioral stereotypes. Using an
on-line survey, we asked both the general public and
veterinarians to rate pain sensitivity in 28 different dog
breeds, identified only by their pictures. We found that
both the general public and veterinarians rated smaller dogs
(i.e. based on height and weight) as being more sensitive to
pain; the general public respondents rated breeds associated
with breed specific legislation as having lower pain
sensitivity. While there is currently no known physiological
basis for such breed-level differences, over 90% of
respondents from both groups indicated belief in differences
in pain sensitivity among dog breeds. We discuss how these
results inform theories of human social discrimination and
suggest that the perception of breed-level differences in
pain sensitivity may affect the recognition and management
of painful conditions in dogs.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0230315},
Key = {fds348897}
}
@article{fds349331,
Author = {Brooks, J and Kays, R and Hare, B},
Title = {Coyotes living near cities are bolder: Implications for dog
evolution and human-wildlife conflict},
Journal = {Behaviour},
Volume = {157},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {289-313},
Year = {2020},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539X-bja10002},
Abstract = {How animal populations adapt to human modified landscapes is
central to understanding modern behavioural evolution and
improving wildlife management. Coyotes (Canis latrans) have
adapted to human activities and thrive in both rural and
urban areas. Bolder coyotes showing reduced fear of humans
and their artefacts may have an advantage in urban
environments. We analysed the reactions of 636 coyotes to
novel human artefacts (camera traps) at 575 sites across the
state of North Carolina. Likelihood of a coyote approaching
the camera increased with human housing density suggesting
that urban coyotes are experiencing selection for boldness
and becoming more attracted to human artefacts. This has
implications for both human-wildlife conflict and theories
of dog domestication. We also note physical traits in
coyotes that could be the result of domestication-related
selection pressures, or dog hybridization.},
Doi = {10.1163/1568539X-bja10002},
Key = {fds349331}
}
@misc{fds361337,
Author = {Woods, V and Hare, B},
Title = {Uncanny valley of the apes},
Pages = {104-120},
Booktitle = {Why We Love and Exploit Animals: Bridging Insights from
Academia and Advocacy},
Year = {2019},
Month = {December},
ISBN = {9780815396642},
Abstract = {Humans have a complex emotional relationship with the other
members of our great apes family. Great apes are appealing
because of the close resemblances we share, but these
resemblances can cause feelings of aversion and disgust. We
propose that these feelings may stem from the uncanny valley
- the point at which someone or something becomes almost,
but not quite human. We argue that the uncanny valley has
made great apes an effective tool for a particular type of
dehumanization, known as simianization. Simianization has
been especially prolonged and pervasive towards black
people, dating from the transatlantic slave trade and
continuing today. In the reverse direction, the humanness of
great apes has made them a source of fascination, but has
not saved them from extensive population decline and may
have facilitated their exploitation. Preliminary research
into decreasing the human-animal divide shows promise for
mitigating the negative impact of simianization of people
and for improving attitudes towards, and the welfare of,
great apes.},
Key = {fds361337}
}
@article{fds340823,
Author = {Horschler, DJ and Hare, B and Call, J and Kaminski, J and Miklósi, Á and MacLean, EL},
Title = {Absolute brain size predicts dog breed differences in
executive function.},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {22},
Number = {2},
Pages = {187-198},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-018-01234-1},
Abstract = {Large-scale phylogenetic studies of animal cognition have
revealed robust links between absolute brain volume and
species differences in executive function. However, past
comparative samples have been composed largely of primates,
which are characterized by evolutionarily derived neural
scaling rules. Therefore, it is currently unknown whether
positive associations between brain volume and executive
function reflect a broad-scale evolutionary phenomenon, or
alternatively, a unique consequence of primate brain
evolution. Domestic dogs provide a powerful opportunity for
investigating this question due to their close genetic
relatedness, but vast intraspecific variation. Using citizen
science data on more than 7000 purebred dogs from 74 breeds,
and controlling for genetic relatedness between breeds, we
identify strong relationships between estimated absolute
brain weight and breed differences in cognition.
Specifically, larger-brained breeds performed significantly
better on measures of short-term memory and self-control.
However, the relationships between estimated brain weight
and other cognitive measures varied widely, supporting
domain-specific accounts of cognitive evolution. Our results
suggest that evolutionary increases in brain size are
positively associated with taxonomic differences in
executive function, even in the absence of primate-like
neuroanatomy. These findings also suggest that variation
between dog breeds may present a powerful model for
investigating correlated changes in neuroanatomy and
cognition among closely related taxa.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-018-01234-1},
Key = {fds340823}
}
@article{fds366382,
Author = {Barron, AB and Hare, B},
Title = {Prosociality and a Sociosexual Hypothesis for the Evolution
of Same-Sex Attraction in Humans.},
Journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
Volume = {10},
Pages = {2955},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02955},
Abstract = {Human same-sex sexual attraction (SSSA) has long been
considered to be an evolutionary puzzle. The trait is
clearly biological: it is widespread and has a strong
additive genetic basis, but how SSSA has evolved remains a
subject of debate. Of itself, homosexual sexual behavior
will not yield offspring, and consequently individuals
expressing strong SSSA that are mostly or exclusively
homosexual are presumed to have lower fitness and
reproductive success. How then did the trait evolve, and how
is it maintained in populations? Here we develop a novel
argument for the evolution of SSSA that focuses on the
likely adaptive social consequences of SSSA. We argue that
same sex sexual attraction evolved as just one of a suite of
traits responding to strong selection for ease of social
integration or prosocial behavior. A strong driver of recent
human behavioral evolution has been selection for reduced
reactive aggression, increased social affiliation, social
communication, and ease of social integration. In many
prosocial mammals sex has adopted new social functions in
contexts of social bonding, social reinforcement,
appeasement, and play. We argue that for humans the social
functions and benefits of sex apply to same-sex sexual
behavior as well as heterosexual behavior. As a consequence
we propose a degree of SSSA, was selected for in recent
human evolution for its non-conceptive social benefits. We
discuss how this hypothesis provides a better explanation
for human sexual attractions and behavior than theories that
invoke sexual inversion or single-locus genetic
models.},
Doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02955},
Key = {fds366382}
}
@misc{fds366381,
Author = {Yamamoto, S and Tokuyama, N and Clay, Z and Hare,
B},
Title = {Chimpanzee and bonobo},
Pages = {324-334},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780128132517},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.90716-7},
Abstract = {Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus) are
both our evolutionary closest living relatives. Human and
Pan lineages diverged around 7 million years ago, and the
chimpanzee and the bonobo branched 1-2 million years ago.
Accordingly, the two species have a lot of similarities in
their appearance, behavior, and societies; however, research
highlights some striking differences between these close
sister species. There are a number of traits in which
bonobos and chimpanzees are more similar to humans than they
are each other have been recognized recently. This
comparison provides an extremely powerful test of ideas
about human uniqueness. Given that both species are equally
related to us, balanced insights are needed from both
chimpanzees and bonobos in order to understand the selective
pressures which may have shaped the human mind. Here we
concisely review their evolution, society, and cognition,
and suggest its implication for the evolutionary processes
by which cognitive traits evolve in apes.},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.90716-7},
Key = {fds366381}
}
@misc{fds372661,
Author = {Yamamoto, S and Tokuyama, N and Clay, Z and Hare,
B},
Title = {Chimpanzee and Bonobo},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {V1-324-V1-334},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior, Second Edition: Volume
1-5},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780128132517},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.90716-7},
Abstract = {Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus) are
both our evolutionary closest living relatives. Human and
Pan lineages diverged around 7 million years ago, and the
chimpanzee and the bonobo branched 1–2 million years ago.
Accordingly, the two species have a lot of similarities in
their appearance, behavior, and societies; however, research
highlights some striking differences between these close
sister species. There are a number of traits in which
bonobos and chimpanzees are more similar to humans than they
are each other have been recognized recently. This
comparison provides an extremely powerful test of ideas
about human uniqueness. Given that both species are equally
related to us, balanced insights are needed from both
chimpanzees and bonobos in order to understand the selective
pressures which may have shaped the human mind. Here we
concisely review their evolution, society, and cognition,
and suggest its implication for the evolutionary processes
by which cognitive traits evolve in apes.},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.90716-7},
Key = {fds372661}
}
@article{fds335476,
Author = {Lucca, K and MacLean, EL and Hare, B},
Title = {The development and flexibility of gaze alternations in
bonobos and chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {21},
Number = {4},
Pages = {e12598},
Year = {2018},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/desc.12598},
Abstract = {Infants' early gaze alternations are one of their first
steps towards a sophisticated understanding of the social
world. This ability, to gaze alternate between an object of
interest and another individual also attending to that
object, has been considered foundational to the development
of many complex social-cognitive abilities, such as theory
of mind and language. However, to understand the evolution
of these abilities, it is important to identify whether and
how gaze alternations are used and develop in our closest
living relatives, bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees
(Pan troglodytes). Here, we evaluated the development of
gaze alternations in a large, developmental sample of
bonobos (N = 17) and chimpanzees (N = 35). To assess the
flexibility of ape gaze alternations, we tested whether they
produced gaze alternations when requesting food from a human
who was either visually attentive or visually inattentive.
Similarly to human infants, both bonobos and chimpanzees
produced gaze alternations, and did so more frequently when
a human communicative partner was visually attentive.
However, unlike humans, who gaze alternate frequently from
early in development, chimpanzees did not begin to gaze
alternate frequently until adulthood. Bonobos produced very
few gaze alternations, regardless of age. Thus, it may be
the early emergence of gaze alternations, as opposed gaze
alternations themselves, that is derived in the human
lineage. The distinctively early emergence of gaze
alternations in humans may be a critical underpinning for
the development of complex human social-cognitive
abilities.},
Doi = {10.1111/desc.12598},
Key = {fds335476}
}
@article{fds331591,
Author = {Hare, B},
Title = {Domestication experiments reveal developmental link between
friendliness and cognition},
Journal = {Journal of Bioeconomics},
Volume = {20},
Number = {1},
Pages = {159-163},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10818-017-9264-9},
Abstract = {The goal of economics is to understand human preferences.
Most research focuses on adult humans and does not take an
evolutionary approach. In biology experimental evolution has
been able to shift the preferences of animals. As an
example, artificial selection for friendly behavior toward
humans results in a syndrome of changes that strongly
resembles differences between wild and domestic animals.
These domestication experiments have revealed precise
genetic and neurobiological systems that are altered by the
selection and linked through expanded windows of
development. Similar evolutionary experiments selecting for
a range of social, risk or discounting preferences could
push economics toward consilience with biology. Prospects
for a unified theory of economic behavior would be
drastically improved.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10818-017-9264-9},
Key = {fds331591}
}
@book{fds335480,
Author = {Hare, B and Yamamoto, S},
Title = {Bonobos: Unique in mind, brain, and behavior},
Pages = {1-290},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780198728511},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198728511.001.0001},
Abstract = {During the past decade there has been an explosion of
scientific interest in the bonobo (Pan paniscus). This
research has revealed exactly how unique bonobos are in
their minds, brains and behavior. This book makes clear the
central role that bonobos play as we test hypotheses
relating to the processes by which evolution shapes ape
cognition (including our own species). The book’s
introduction describes the recent interest into bonobo
cognition while briefly reviewing the history of research
with bonobos. To place this new work in its evolutionary
contexts, researchers from the two most active bonobo field
sites start the book by reporting on recent discoveries
regarding the social behavior of bonobos. The following
three sections explore social cognition and behavior of
bonobos from viewpoints of development, communication, and
cooperation. Then the fifth section considers the cognitive
abilities deployed by bonobos as they forage for and process
food. The sixth section focuses on large scale comparison of
bonobos to both chimpanzees and humans in their cognitive
abilities and brain anatomy. Finally, the last two sections
include chapters exploring the past and future of the
bonobos, providing novel perspectives on how to promote the
survival of this highly endangered species. These chapters
are contributed by experts representing diverse disciplines
and take together study bonobos living in a range of
settings. They present overwhelming evidence for bonobo
uniqueness and the new understanding this creates will
contribute to a bright future for bonobos living in
captivity and the wild.},
Doi = {10.1093/oso/9780198728511.001.0001},
Key = {fds335480}
}
@article{fds331590,
Author = {Krupenye, C and Hare, B},
Title = {Bonobos Prefer Individuals that Hinder Others over Those
that Help.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {28},
Number = {2},
Pages = {280-286.e5},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.061},
Abstract = {Humans closely monitor others' cooperative relationships [1,
2]. Children and adults willingly incur costs to reward
helpers and punish non-helpers-even as bystanders [3-5].
Already by 3 months, infants favor individuals that they
observe helping others [6-8]. This early-emerging prosocial
preference may be a derived motivation that accounts
for many human forms of cooperation that occur beyond
dyadic interactions and are not exhibited by other animals
[9, 10]. As the most socially tolerant nonhuman ape [11-17]
(but see [18]), bonobos (Pan paniscus) provide a powerful
phylogenetic test of whether this trait is derived in
humans. Bonobos are more tolerant than chimpanzees, can
flexibly obtain food through cooperation, and voluntarily
share food in captivity and the wild, even with strangers
[11-17] (but see [18]). Their neural architecture exhibits a
suite of characteristics associated with greater sensitivity
to others [19, 20], and their sociality is hypothesized to
have evolved due to selection against male aggression
[21-23]. Here we show in four experiments that bonobos
discriminated agents based on third-party interactions.
However, they did not exhibit the human preference for
helpers. Instead, they reliably favored a hinderer that
obstructed another agent's goal (experiments 1-3). In a
final study (experiment 4), bonobos also chose a dominant
individual over a subordinate. Bonobos' interest in
hinderers may reflect attraction to dominant individuals
[24]. A preference for helpers over hinderers may therefore
be derived in humans, supporting the hypothesis that
prosocial preferences played a central role in the evolution
of human development and cooperation.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.061},
Key = {fds331590}
}
@article{fds339286,
Author = {MacLean, EL and Hare, B},
Title = {Enhanced Selection of Assistance and Explosive Detection
Dogs Using Cognitive Measures.},
Journal = {Frontiers in veterinary science},
Volume = {5},
Pages = {236},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00236},
Abstract = {Working dogs play a variety of important roles, ranging from
assisting individuals with disabilities, to explosive and
medical detection work. Despite widespread demand, only a
subset of dogs bred and trained for these roles ultimately
succeed, creating a need for objective measures that can
predict working dog aptitude. Most previous research has
focused on temperamental characteristics of successful dogs.
However, working dogs also face diverse cognitive challenges
both in training, and throughout their working lives. We
conducted a series of studies investigating the
relationships between individual differences in dog
cognition, and success as an assistance or detection dog.
Assistance dogs (<i>N</i> = 164) and detection dogs
(<i>N</i> = 222) were tested in the Dog Cognition Test
Battery, a 25-item instrument probing diverse aspects of dog
cognition. Through exploratory analyses we identified a
subset of tasks associated with success in each training
program, and developed shorter test batteries including only
these measures. We then used predictive modeling in a
prospective study with an independent sample of assistance
dogs (<i>N</i> = 180), and conducted a replication study
with an independent sample of detection dogs (<i>N</i> =
90). In assistance dogs, models using data on individual
differences in cognition predicted higher probabilities of
success for dogs that ultimately succeeded in the program,
than for those who did not. For the subset of dogs with
predicted probabilities of success in the 4th quartile
(highest predicted probability of success), model
predictions were 86% accurate, on average. In both the
exploratory and prospective studies, successful dogs were
more likely to engage in eye contact with a human
experimenter when faced with an unsolvable task, or when a
joint social activity was disrupted. In detection dogs, we
replicated our exploratory findings that the most successful
dogs scored higher on measures of sensitivity to human
communicative intentions, and two measures of short term
memory. These findings suggest that that (1) individual
differences in cognition contribute to variance in working
dog success, and (2) that objective measures of dog
cognition can be used to improve the processes through which
working dogs are evaluated and selected.},
Doi = {10.3389/fvets.2018.00236},
Key = {fds339286}
}
@misc{fds335477,
Author = {Hare, B and Yamamoto, S},
Title = {Minding the bonobo mind},
Pages = {1-14},
Booktitle = {Bonobos: Unique in Mind, Brain, and Behavior},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780198728511},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198728511.003.0001},
Abstract = {In this chapter we introduce the central role the bonobo
plays in testing evolutionary hypotheses regarding ape minds
(including our own). The importance of bonobos has become
apparent only recently with sustained fieldwork at multiple
sites in the Congo Basin as well as the first direct
quantitative comparisons between bonobos, chimpanzees and
humans. This recent work has revealed a number of traits in
which bonobos and chimpanzees are more similar to humans
than they are to each other. This means that bonobos are
crucial to determining the evolutionary processes by which
cognitive traits evolved in our own lineage. Based on the
evidence within, it becomes clear that one can no longer
know chimpanzees or humans without also knowing bonobos. We
argue this makes investing in bonobo research and improved
protection for bonobos in captivity and the wild an even
higher priority.},
Doi = {10.1093/oso/9780198728511.003.0001},
Key = {fds335477}
}
@misc{fds335478,
Author = {Krupenye, C and MacLean, EL and Hare, B},
Title = {Does the bonobo have a (chimpanzee-like) theory of
mind?},
Pages = {81-94},
Booktitle = {Bonobos: Unique in Mind, Brain, and Behavior},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780198728511},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198728511.003.0006},
Abstract = {Theory of mind-the ability to reason about the thoughts and
emotions of others-is central to what makes us human.
Chimpanzees too appear to understand some psychological
states. While less is known about bonobos, several lines of
evidence suggest that the social-cognitive abilities of the
two sister taxa may differ in key respects. This chapter
outlines a framework to guide future research on bonobo
social cognition based on the predictions of two potentially
complementary hypotheses. The self-domestication hypothesis
suggests that selection against aggression and for
prosociality in bonobos may have impacted the ontogeny of
their social-cognitive skills relative to chimpanzees. The
empathizing-systemizing hypothesis links degree of prenatal
brain masculinization, a potential result of
self-domestication, to adult cognition. Specifically,
relative feminization may yield more flexible theory of mind
skills in bonobos than chimpanzees. Finally, directions for
future study, including development of new paradigms that
maximize ecological validity for bonobos, are
discussed.},
Doi = {10.1093/oso/9780198728511.003.0006},
Key = {fds335478}
}
@misc{fds335479,
Author = {Tan, J and Hare, B},
Title = {Prosociality among non-kin in bonobos and chimpanzees
compared},
Pages = {140-154},
Booktitle = {Bonobos: Unique in Mind, Brain, and Behavior},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780198728511},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198728511.003.0010},
Abstract = {Models of the origin of human prosociality towards non-kin
have been primarily developed from chimpanzee studies.
Substantially less effort has been made to consider the
prosociality of bonobos. Like chimpanzees, bonobos cooperate
with non-kin extensively but, unlike chimpanzees,
immigrating members are central to bonobo cooperation. In
experiments bonobos are tolerant during encounters with
strangers and during co-feeding. They help strangers without
immediate tangible reward, and forfeit monopolizable food to
facilitate a physical interaction with them. Such
prosociality seems proactive as it is not elicited by
solicitation. Bonobos also seem to prefer sharing food over
non-food objects, while chimpanzees reliably transfer
non-food objects rather than food. These findings highlight
the possibility that human sharing with strangers might have
also evolved as a mutualistic endeavour to initiate a
long-term partnership. Future models of human prosociality
will need to incorporate findings from both Pan
species.},
Doi = {10.1093/oso/9780198728511.003.0010},
Key = {fds335479}
}
@misc{fds335481,
Author = {Faust, LJ and André, C and Belais, R and Minesi, F and Pereboom, Z and Rodriguez, K and Hare, B},
Title = {Bonobo population dynamics: Past patterns and future
predictions for the Lola ya Bonobo population using
demographic modelling},
Pages = {266-274},
Booktitle = {Bonobos: Unique in Mind, Brain, and Behavior},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780198728511},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198728511.003.0018},
Abstract = {Wildlife sanctuaries rescue, rehabilitate, reintroduce and
provide life-long care for orphaned and injured animals.
Understanding a sanctuary’s population dynamics—patterns
in arrival, mortality and projected changes in population
size—allows careful planning for future needs. Building on
previous work on the population dynamics of chimpanzees (Pan
troglodytes) in sanctuaries of the Pan African Sanctuary
Alliance (PASA; Faust et al. 2011), this chapter extends
analyses to the only PASA bonobo sanctuary. Its authors
analysed historic demographic patterns and projected future
population dynamics using an individual-based demographic
model. The population has been growing at 6.7 per cent per
year, driven by arrivals of new individuals (mean = 5.5
arrivals per year). Several model scenarios projecting
varying arrival rates, releases and breeding scenarios
clarify potential future growth trajectories for the
sanctuary. This research illustrates how data on historic
dynamics can be modelled to inform future sanctuary capacity
and management needs.},
Doi = {10.1093/oso/9780198728511.003.0018},
Key = {fds335481}
}
@misc{fds335482,
Author = {Walker, K and Hare, B},
Title = {Bonobo baby dominance: Did female defense of offspring lead
to reduced male aggression?},
Pages = {49-64},
Booktitle = {Bonobos: Unique in Mind, Brain, and Behavior},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780198728511},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198728511.003.0004},
Abstract = {The dominance style of bonobos presents an evolutionary
puzzle. Bonobos are not male dominant but female bonobos do
not show traits typical of female-dominant species. This
chapter proposes the offspring dominance hypothesis (ODH) as
a potential solution. ODH suggests the social system of
bonobos evolved as a defence against infanticide and is not
due to pressure to monopolize resources. Females that
prevented aggression towards offspring and preferred mating
with less aggressive males were most successful. Supporting
ODH, during observations at Lola ya Bonobo Sanctuary it was
found that: 1) adult male bonobos are rarely aggressive
towards offspring with mothers, 2) some mother-reared
juvenile bonobos attain rank higher than adult males and 3)
mother-reared offspring often socially interact with adult
males without their mothers nearby. These preliminary
findings provide initial support that the bonobo social
system evolved due to fitness advantages of effectively
protecting offspring against consequences of male
aggression.},
Doi = {10.1093/oso/9780198728511.003.0004},
Key = {fds335482}
}
@misc{fds335483,
Author = {Hare, B and Woods, V},
Title = {Cognitive comparisons of genus Pan support bonobo
self-domestication},
Pages = {214-232},
Booktitle = {Bonobos: Unique in Mind, Brain, and Behavior},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780198728511},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198728511.003.0015},
Abstract = {The self-domestication hypothesis (SDH) suggests bonobo
psychology evolved due to selection against aggression and
in favour of prosociality. This hypothesis was formulated
based on similarities between bonobos and domesticated
animals. This chapter reviews the first generation of
quantitative research that supports the predictions of the
SDH. Similar to domestic animals, bonobos are prosocial
towards strangers, are more flexible with cooperative
problems, are more responsive to social cues and show
expanded windows of development compared to their closest
relatives, chimpanzees. A preliminary comparison of bonobo
and chimpanzee infants suggests that when hearing a
stranger, bonobos have a xenophilic response while
chimpanzees have a xenophobic response. The chapter explores
why the research with bonobos has implications for theories
of both human and animal cognitive evolution, and why
bonobos will be central in studying evolutionary processes
that lead to cognitive change.},
Doi = {10.1093/oso/9780198728511.003.0015},
Key = {fds335483}
}
@article{fds329757,
Author = {Tan, J and Ariely, D and Hare, B},
Title = {Bonobos respond prosocially toward members of other
groups.},
Journal = {Scientific reports},
Volume = {7},
Number = {1},
Pages = {14733},
Year = {2017},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15320-w},
Abstract = {Modern humans live in an "exploded" network with unusually
large circles of trust that form due to prosociality toward
unfamiliar people (i.e. xenophilia). In a set of experiments
we demonstrate that semi-free ranging bonobos (Pan paniscus)
- both juveniles and young adults - also show spontaneous
responses consistent with xenophilia. Bonobos voluntarily
aided an unfamiliar, non-group member in obtaining food even
when he/she did not make overt requests for help. Bonobos
also showed evidence for involuntary, contagious yawning in
response to videos of yawning conspecifics who were complete
strangers. These experiments reveal that xenophilia in
bonobos can be unselfish, proactive and automatic. They
support the first impression hypothesis that suggests
xenophilia can evolve through individual selection in social
species whenever the benefits of building new bonds outweigh
the costs. Xenophilia likely evolved in bonobos as the risk
of intergroup aggression dissipated and the benefits of
bonding between immigrating members increased. Our findings
also mean the human potential for xenophilia is either
evolutionarily shared or convergent with bonobos and not
unique to our species as previously proposed.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-15320-w},
Key = {fds329757}
}
@article{fds324356,
Author = {MacLean, EL and Herrmann, E and Suchindran, S and Hare,
B},
Title = {Individual differences in cooperative communicative skills
are more similar between dogs and humans than
chimpanzees},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {126},
Pages = {41-51},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.01.005},
Abstract = {By 2.5 years of age humans are more skilful than other apes
on a set of social, but not nonsocial, cognitive tasks.
Individual differences in human infants, but not
chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, are also explained by
correlated variance in these cooperative communicative
skills. Relative to nonhuman apes, domestic dogs, Canis
familiaris, perform more like human infants in cooperative
communicative tasks, but it is unknown whether dog and human
cognition share a similar underlying structure. We tested
552 dogs in a large-scale test battery modelled after
similar work with humans and nonhuman apes. Unlike
chimpanzees, but similarly to humans, individual differences
in dogs were explained by correlated variance in skills for
solving cooperative communicative problems. Direct
comparisons of data from all three species revealed similar
patterns of individual differences in cooperative
communication between human infants (N = 105) and domestic
dogs (N = 430), which were not observed in chimpanzees
(N = 106). Future research will be needed to examine
whether the observed similarities are a result of similar
psychological mechanisms and evolutionary processes in the
dog and human lineages.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.01.005},
Key = {fds324356}
}
@article{fds323646,
Author = {Hare, B},
Title = {Survival of the Friendliest: Homo sapiens Evolved via
Selection for Prosociality.},
Journal = {Annual review of psychology},
Volume = {68},
Pages = {155-186},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044201},
Abstract = {The challenge of studying human cognitive evolution is
identifying unique features of our intelligence while
explaining the processes by which they arose. Comparisons
with nonhuman apes point to our early-emerging
cooperative-communicative abilities as crucial to the
evolution of all forms of human cultural cognition,
including language. The human self-domestication hypothesis
proposes that these early-emerging social skills evolved
when natural selection favored increased in-group
prosociality over aggression in late human evolution. As a
by-product of this selection, humans are predicted to show
traits of the domestication syndrome observed in other
domestic animals. In reviewing comparative, developmental,
neurobiological, and paleoanthropological research,
compelling evidence emerges for the predicted relationship
between unique human mentalizing abilities, tolerance, and
the domestication syndrome in humans. This synthesis
includes a review of the first a priori test of the
self-domestication hypothesis as well as predictions for
future tests.},
Doi = {10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044201},
Key = {fds323646}
}
@article{fds322443,
Author = {Reddy, RB and Krupenye, C and MacLean, EL and Hare,
B},
Title = {No evidence for contagious yawning in lemurs.},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {19},
Number = {5},
Pages = {889-898},
Year = {2016},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-016-0986-1},
Abstract = {Among some haplorhine primates, including humans, relaxed
yawns spread contagiously. Such contagious yawning has been
linked to social bonds and empathy in some species. However,
no studies have investigated contagious yawning in
strepsirhines. We conducted an experimental study of
contagious yawning in strepsirhines, testing ring-tailed and
ruffed lemurs (n = 24) in a paradigm similar to one that
has induced contagious yawning in haplorhines. First, in a
control experiment, we investigated whether lemurs responded
to projected video content in general (experiment 1). We
showed them two videos to which we expected differential
responses: one featured a terrestrial predator and the other
a caretaker holding food. Next, to test for yawn contagion,
we showed individual lemurs life-size video projections of
groupmates and conspecific strangers yawning, and control
footage of the same individuals at rest (experiment 2).
Then, to examine whether a group context might enhance or
allow for contagion, we exposed subjects to the same videos
in a group setting (experiment 3). Lemurs produced alarm
vocalizations and moved upward while viewing the predator,
but not the caretaker, demonstrating that they do perceive
video content meaningfully. However, lemurs did not yawn in
response to yawning stimuli when tested alone, or with their
groupmates. This study provides preliminary evidence that
lemurs do not respond to yawning stimuli similarly to
haplorhines, and suggests that this behavior may have
evolved or become more exaggerated in haplorhines after the
two major primate lineages split.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-016-0986-1},
Key = {fds322443}
}
@article{fds322444,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Brown, MH and Raichlen, DA and Dunsworth, H and Hare, B and Walker, K and Luke, A and Dugas, LR and Durazo-Arvizu, R and Schoeller,
D and Plange-Rhule, J and Bovet, P and Forrester, TE and Lambert, EV and Thompson, ME and Shumaker, RW and Ross, SR},
Title = {Metabolic acceleration and the evolution of human brain size
and life history.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {533},
Number = {7603},
Pages = {390-392},
Year = {2016},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature17654},
Abstract = {Humans are distinguished from the other living apes in
having larger brains and an unusual life history that
combines high reproductive output with slow childhood growth
and exceptional longevity. This suite of derived traits
suggests major changes in energy expenditure and allocation
in the human lineage, but direct measures of human and ape
metabolism are needed to compare evolved energy strategies
among hominoids. Here we used doubly labelled water
measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE; kcal day(-1))
in humans, chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans to
test the hypothesis that the human lineage has experienced
an acceleration in metabolic rate, providing energy for
larger brains and faster reproduction without sacrificing
maintenance and longevity. In multivariate regressions
including body size and physical activity, human TEE
exceeded that of chimpanzees and bonobos, gorillas and
orangutans by approximately 400, 635 and 820 kcal day(-1),
respectively, readily accommodating the cost of humans'
greater brain size and reproductive output. Much of the
increase in TEE is attributable to humans' greater basal
metabolic rate (kcal day(-1)), indicating increased organ
metabolic activity. Humans also had the greatest body fat
percentage. An increased metabolic rate, along with changes
in energy allocation, was crucial in the evolution of human
brain size and life history.},
Doi = {10.1038/nature17654},
Key = {fds322444}
}
@article{fds332975,
Author = {Rosati, AG and Hare, B},
Title = {Reward currency modulates human risk preferences},
Journal = {Evolution and Human Behavior},
Volume = {37},
Number = {2},
Pages = {159-168},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2015.10.003},
Abstract = {Monetary and biological rewards differ in many ways. Yet
studies of human decision-making typically involve money,
whereas nonhuman studies involve food. We therefore examined
how context shifts human risk preferences to illuminate the
evolution of decision-making. First, we assessed peoples'
risk preferences across food, prizes, and money in a task
where individuals received real rewards and learned about
payoffs through experience. We found that people were
relatively more risk-seeking for both food and prizes
compared to money-indicating that people may treat abstract
reward markers differently from concrete rewards. Second, we
compared human risk preferences for food with that of our
closest phylogenetic relatives, chimpanzees (Pan
troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus), in order to
illuminate the evolutionary origins of human decision-making
strategies. In fact, human and chimpanzees were both
relatively more risk-seeking compared to bonobos. Finally,
we investigated why people respond differently to money
versus concrete rewards when making decisions. We found that
people were more risk-prone when making decisions about
money that was constrained as a store of value, compared to
money that could be freely exchanged. This shows that people
are sensitive to money's usefulness as a store of value that
can be used to acquire other types of rewards. Our results
indicate that humans exhibit different preferences when
making risky decisions about money versus food, an important
consideration for comparative research. Furthermore,
different psychological processes may underpin decisions
about abstract rewards compared to concrete
rewards.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2015.10.003},
Key = {fds332975}
}
@article{fds322445,
Author = {Krupenye, C and Rosati, AG and Hare, B},
Title = {What's in a frame? Response to Kanngiesser & Woike
(2016).},
Journal = {Biology letters},
Volume = {12},
Number = {1},
Pages = {20150959},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0959},
Doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2015.0959},
Key = {fds322445}
}
@article{fds240356,
Author = {Stewart, L and MacLean, EL and Ivy, D and Woods, V and Cohen, E and Rodriguez, K and McIntyre, M and Mukherjee, S and Call, J and Kaminski,
J and Miklósi, Á and Wrangham, RW and Hare, B},
Title = {Citizen Science as a New Tool in Dog Cognition
Research},
Journal = {PLoS ONE},
Volume = {10},
Number = {9},
Pages = {e0135176},
Publisher = {Public Library of Science},
Year = {2015},
Month = {September},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10647 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {<p>Family dogs and dog owners offer a potentially powerful
way to conduct citizen science to answer questions about
animal behavior that are difficult to answer with more
conventional approaches. Here we evaluate the quality of the
first data on dog cognition collected by citizen scientists
using the <italic>Dognition</italic>.<italic>com</italic>
website. We conducted analyses to understand if data
generated by over 500 citizen scientists replicates
internally and in comparison to previously published
findings. Half of participants participated for free while
the other half paid for access. The website provided each
participant a temperament questionnaire and instructions on
how to conduct a series of ten cognitive tests.
Participation required internet access, a dog and some
common household items. Participants could record their
responses on any PC, tablet or smartphone from anywhere in
the world and data were retained on servers. Results from
citizen scientists and their dogs replicated a number of
previously described phenomena from conventional lab-based
research. There was little evidence that citizen scientists
manipulated their results. To illustrate the potential uses
of relatively large samples of citizen science data, we then
used factor analysis to examine individual differences
across the cognitive tasks. The data were best explained by
multiple factors in support of the hypothesis that
nonhumans, including dogs, can evolve multiple cognitive
domains that vary independently. This analysis suggests that
in the future, citizen scientists will generate useful
datasets that test hypotheses and answer questions as a
complement to conventional laboratory techniques used to
study dog psychology.</p>},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0135176},
Key = {fds240356}
}
@article{fds240357,
Author = {Bray, E and MacLean, E and Hare, B},
Title = {Increasing arousal enhances inhibitory control in calm but
not excitable dogs},
Journal = {Animal Cognition},
Volume = {18},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1-13},
Publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
Year = {2015},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1435-9448},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10608 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {The emotional-reactivity hypothesis proposes that
problem-solving abilities can be constrained by temperament,
within and across species. One way to test this hypothesis
is with the predictions of the Yerkes-Dodson law. The law
posits that arousal level, a component of temperament,
affects problem solving in an inverted U-shaped
relationship: Optimal performance is reached at intermediate
levels of arousal and impeded by high and low levels. Thus,
a powerful test of the emotional-reactivity hypothesis is to
compare cognitive performance in dog populations that have
been bred and trained based in part on their arousal levels.
We therefore compared a group of pet dogs to a group of
assistance dogs bred and trained for low arousal (N = 106)
on a task of inhibitory control involving a detour response.
Consistent with the Yerkes-Dodson law, assistance dogs,
which began the test with lower levels of baseline arousal,
showed improvements when arousal was artificially increased.
In contrast, pet dogs, which began the test with higher
levels of baseline arousal, were negatively affected when
their arousal was increased. Furthermore, the dogs' baseline
levels of arousal, as measured in their rate of tail
wagging, differed by population in the expected directions.
Low-arousal assistance dogs showed the most inhibition in a
detour task when humans eagerly encouraged them, while more
highly aroused pet dogs performed worst on the same task
with strong encouragement. Our findings support the
hypothesis that selection on temperament can have important
implications for cognitive performance.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-015-0901-1},
Key = {fds240357}
}
@article{fds240360,
Author = {Reddy, RB and MacLean, EL and Sandel, AA and Hare,
B},
Title = {Social inhibitory control in five lemur species.},
Journal = {Primates; journal of primatology},
Volume = {56},
Number = {3},
Pages = {241-252},
Year = {2015},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0032-8332},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10329-015-0467-1},
Abstract = {We tested five lemur species-ring-tailed lemurs, ruffed
lemurs, mongoose lemurs, black lemurs, and Coquerel's
sifakas-(N = 52) in an experiment that evaluated skills
for inhibitory control in a social context. First, two human
experimenters presented identical food rewards; the
"generous" experimenter allowed the subject to eat from her
hand, whereas the "competitive" experimenter always withheld
the reward. Lemurs quickly learned to approach the generous
experimenter and avoid the competitive one. In the
inhibition test phase, we endowed the competitive
experimenter with a more valuable food reward but the
competitive experimenter continued to withhold food from the
subject. Thus, lemurs were required to inhibit approaching
the more desirable reward in favor of the lesser but
obtainable reward presented by the generous experimenter. In
test trials, lemurs' tendency to approach the competitive
experimenter increased from the reputation phase,
demonstrating sensitivity to the experimental manipulation.
However, subjects approached the larger reward less
frequently in test trials compared with pretest
food-preference trials, evidencing some capacity for
inhibitory control in this context. Despite differences in
sociality and ecology, the five lemur species did not differ
in this ability. Although the study did not uncover species
differences, this experimental task may provide a useful
measure of social inhibition in broader comparative
studies.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10329-015-0467-1},
Key = {fds240360}
}
@article{fds240359,
Author = {MacLean, EL and Hare, B},
Title = {Evolution. Dogs hijack the human bonding
pathway.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {348},
Number = {6232},
Pages = {280-281},
Year = {2015},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aab1200},
Doi = {10.1126/science.aab1200},
Key = {fds240359}
}
@article{fds240361,
Author = {MacLean, EL and Hare, B},
Title = {Bonobos and chimpanzees exploit helpful but not prohibitive
gestures},
Journal = {Behaviour},
Volume = {152},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {493-520},
Publisher = {BRILL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0005-7959},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539X-00003203},
Abstract = {Previous research has shown that chimpanzees exploit the
behavior of humans and conspecifics more readily in a
competitive than a cooperative context. However, it is
unknown whether bonobos, who outperform chimpanzees in some
cooperative tasks, also show greater cognitive flexibility
in competitive contexts. Here we tested the
cooperative-competitive hypothesis further by comparing
bonobos and chimpanzees in a series of tasks where a human
gesture indicated the correct (cooperative) or incorrect
(competitive) choice. A human either pointed cooperatively
to the object a subject should choose, or competitively to
the object subjects should avoid choosing. In contrast to
previous research, subjects were most skilled at choosing
the correct location when the communicator was cooperative
and there were no major differences between bonobos and
chimpanzees. Analysis of gaze direction revealed that in
some cases subjects visually followed the direction of the
experimenter's gesture despite choosing incorrectly,
dissociating gesture following from gesture comprehension.
This supports the hypothesis that, unlike human children,
nonhuman apes respond to the direction of social gestures
more readily than they understand the communicative
intentions underlying them.We evaluate these findings in
regard to previous studies comparing the cooperative and
communicative skills of bonobos and chimpanzees.},
Doi = {10.1163/1568539X-00003203},
Key = {fds240361}
}
@article{fds240362,
Author = {Schroepfer-Walker, K and Wobber, V and Hare, B},
Title = {Experimental evidence that grooming and play are social
currency in bonobos and chimpanzees},
Journal = {Behaviour},
Volume = {152},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {545-562},
Publisher = {BRILL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0005-7959},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539X-00003258},
Abstract = {While natural observations show apes use grooming and play
as social currency, no experimental manipulations have been
carried out to measure the effects of these behaviours on
relationship formation in apes. While previous experiments
have demonstrated apes quickly learn the identity of
individuals who will provide food in a variety of
cooperative and non-cooperative situations, no experiment
has ever examined how grooming and play might shape the
preferences of apes for different individuals. We gave a
group bonobos (N = 25) and chimpanzees (N = 30) a choice
between an unfamiliar human who had recently groomed or
played with them and one who had not. Both species showed a
preference for the unfamiliar human that had interacted with
them over the one who did not. The effect was largely driven
by the males of both species while interacting with females
showed little effect on their preferences for unfamiliar
humans. Subjects showed this preference even though they
only had social interactions with one of the unfamiliar
humans for a few minutes before each trial and their choices
were not rewarded with food differentially. Our results
support the long held idea that grooming and play act as a
form of social currency in great apes (and likely many other
species) that can rapidly shape social relationships,
particularly between unfamiliar individuals.},
Doi = {10.1163/1568539X-00003258},
Key = {fds240362}
}
@article{fds240363,
Author = {Tan, J and Kwetuenda, S and Hare, B},
Title = {Preference or paradigm? Bonobos show no evidence of
other-regard in the standard prosocial choice
task},
Journal = {Behaviour},
Volume = {152},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {521-544},
Publisher = {BRILL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0005-7959},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539X-00003230},
Abstract = {Bonobos are the only ape species, other than humans, that
have demonstrated prosocial behaviors toward groupmates and
strangers. However, bonobos have not been tested in the most
frequently used test of prosociality in animals. The current
study tested the other-regarding preferences of bonobos in
two experiments using the prosocial choice task. In the
first experiment subjects preferred a food option that would
benefit both themselves and another bonobo. This preference
was likely the result of a location bias developed in the
pretest since they showed the same preference in the
non-social control condition within test sessions. A second
experiment was designed to help subjects overcome this bias
that might interfere with their social choices. Bonobos
again did not prefer to choose the prosocial option.
However, results suggest constraints of this paradigm in
revealing social preferences. In discussing our results we
consider why bonobos show robust prosocial preferences in
other paradigms but not here. While others have suggested
that such contradictory results might suggest interesting
motivational or cognitive differences between humans and
non-humans, we propose that the current 'standard' paradigm
has failed validation due to three methodological
constraints. Across the dozens of studies completed few have
demonstrated that non-human subjects understand the causal
properties of the apparatus, non-social biases quickly
develop in inadequately counterbalanced pretests that
typically explain subjects' choices in the test, and even
human children found this choice task too cognitively
demanding to consistently show prosocial preferences. We
suggest it is time to consider switching to a variety of
more powerful and valid measures.},
Doi = {10.1163/1568539X-00003230},
Key = {fds240363}
}
@article{fds240364,
Author = {Hare, B and Yamamoto, S},
Title = {Moving bonobos off the scientifically endangered
list},
Journal = {Behaviour},
Volume = {152},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {247-258},
Publisher = {BRILL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0005-7959},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539X-00003263},
Abstract = {This Special Issue of Behaviour includes twelve novel
empirical papers focusing on the behaviour and cognition of
both captive and wild bonobos (Pan paniscus). As our species
less known closest relative, the bonobo has gone from being
little studied to increasingly popular as a species of focus
over the past decade. We suggest that bonobos are ready to
come off the scientific endangered list as a result. This
Special Issue is exhibit A in showing that a renaissance in
bonobo research is well underway. In this Editorial we
review a number of traits in which bonobos and chimpanzees
are more similar to humans than they are each other.We show
how this means that bonobos provide an extremely powerful
test of ideas about human uniqueness as well as being
crucial to determining the evolutionary processes by which
cognitive traits evolve in apes. This introduction places
the twelve empirical contributions within the Special Issue
in the larger evolutionary context to which they contribute.
Overall this Special Issue demonstrates how anyone
interested in understanding humans or chimpanzees must also
know bonobos.},
Doi = {10.1163/1568539X-00003263},
Key = {fds240364}
}
@article{fds240365,
Author = {Krupenye, C and Rosati, AG and Hare, B},
Title = {Bonobos and chimpanzees exhibit human-like framing
effects.},
Journal = {Biology letters},
Volume = {11},
Number = {2},
Pages = {20140527},
Year = {2015},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1744-9561},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0527},
Abstract = {Humans exhibit framing effects when making choices,
appraising decisions involving losses differently from those
involving gains. To directly test for the evolutionary
origin of this bias, we examined decision-making in humans'
closest living relatives: bonobos (Pan paniscus) and
chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). We presented the largest
sample of non-humans to date (n = 40) with a simple task
requiring minimal experience. Apes made choices between a
'framed' option that provided preferred food, and an
alternative option that provided a constant amount of
intermediately preferred food. In the gain condition, apes
experienced a positive 'gain' event in which the framed
option was initially presented as one piece of food but
sometimes was augmented to two. In the loss condition, apes
experienced a negative 'loss' event in which they initially
saw two pieces but sometimes received only one. Both
conditions provided equal pay-offs, but apes chose the
framed option more often in the positive 'gain' frame.
Moreover, male apes were more susceptible to framing than
were females. These results suggest that some human economic
biases are shared through common descent with other apes and
highlight the importance of comparative work in
understanding the origins of individual differences in human
choice.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2014.0527},
Key = {fds240365}
}
@article{fds240367,
Author = {MacLean, EL and Krupenye, C and Hare, B},
Title = {Dogs (Canis familiaris) account for body orientation but not
visual barriers when responding to pointing
gestures.},
Journal = {Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. :
1983)},
Volume = {128},
Number = {3},
Pages = {285-297},
Year = {2014},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0735-7036},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0035742},
Abstract = {In a series of four experiments we investigated whether dogs
use information about a human's visual perspective when
responding to pointing gestures. While there is evidence
that dogs may know what humans can and cannot see, and that
they flexibly use human communicative gestures, it is
unknown if they can integrate these two skills. In
Experiment 1 we first determined that dogs were capable of
using basic information about a human's body orientation
(indicative of her visual perspective) in a point following
context. Subjects were familiarized with experimenters who
either faced the dog and accurately indicated the location
of hidden food, or faced away from the dog and (falsely)
indicated the unbaited container. In test trials these cues
were pitted against one another and dogs tended to follow
the gesture from the individual who faced them while
pointing. In Experiments 2-4 the experimenter pointed
ambiguously toward two possible locations where food could
be hidden. On test trials a visual barrier occluded the
pointer's view of one container, while dogs could always see
both containers. We predicted that if dogs could take the
pointer's visual perspective they should search in the only
container visible to the pointer. This hypothesis was
supported only in Experiment 2. We conclude that while dogs
are skilled both at following human gestures, and exploiting
information about others' visual perspectives, they may not
integrate these skills in the manner characteristic of human
children.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0035742},
Key = {fds240367}
}
@article{fds240373,
Author = {Rosati, AG and Rodriguez, K and Hare, B},
Title = {The ecology of spatial memory in four lemur
species.},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {17},
Number = {4},
Pages = {947-961},
Year = {2014},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1435-9448},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-014-0727-2},
Abstract = {Evolutionary theories suggest that ecology is a major factor
shaping cognition in primates. However, there have been few
systematic tests of spatial memory abilities involving
multiple primate species. Here, we examine spatial memory
skills in four strepsirrhine primates that vary in level of
frugivory: ruffed lemurs (Varecia sp.), ring-tailed lemurs
(Lemur catta), mongoose lemurs (Eulemur mongoz), and
Coquerel's sifakas (Propithecus coquereli). We compare these
species across three studies targeting different aspects of
spatial memory: recall after a long-delay, learning
mechanisms supporting memory and recall of multiple
locations in a complex environment. We find that ruffed
lemurs, the most frugivorous species, consistently showed
more robust spatial memory than the other species across
tasks-especially in comparison with sifakas, the most
folivorous species. We discuss these results in terms of the
importance of considering both ecological and social factors
as complementary explanations for the evolution of primate
cognitive skills.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-014-0727-2},
Key = {fds240373}
}
@article{fds240371,
Author = {MacLean, EL and Hare, B and Nunn, CL and Addessi, E and Amici, F and Anderson, RC and Aureli, F and Baker, JM and Bania, AE and Barnard, AM and Boogert, NJ and Brannon, EM and Bray, EE and Bray, J and Brent, LJN and Burkart, JM and Call, J and Cantlon, JF and Cheke, LG and Clayton, NS and Delgado, MM and DiVincenti, LJ and Fujita, K and Herrmann, E and Hiramatsu, C and Jacobs, LF and Jordan, KE and Laude, JR and Leimgruber,
KL and Messer, EJE and Moura, ACDA and Ostojić, L and Picard, A and Platt,
ML and Plotnik, JM and Range, F and Reader, SM and Reddy, RB and Sandel,
AA and Santos, LR and Schumann, K and Seed, AM and Sewall, KB and Shaw, RC and Slocombe, KE and Su, Y and Takimoto, A and Tan, J and Tao, R and van
Schaik, CP and Virányi, Z and Visalberghi, E and Wade, JC and Watanabe,
A and Widness, J and Young, JK and Zentall, TR and Zhao,
Y},
Title = {The evolution of self-control.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {111},
Number = {20},
Pages = {E2140-E2148},
Year = {2014},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1323533111},
Abstract = {Cognition presents evolutionary research with one of its
greatest challenges. Cognitive evolution has been explained
at the proximate level by shifts in absolute and relative
brain volume and at the ultimate level by differences in
social and dietary complexity. However, no study has
integrated the experimental and phylogenetic approach at the
scale required to rigorously test these explanations.
Instead, previous research has largely relied on various
measures of brain size as proxies for cognitive abilities.
We experimentally evaluated these major evolutionary
explanations by quantitatively comparing the cognitive
performance of 567 individuals representing 36 species on
two problem-solving tasks measuring self-control.
Phylogenetic analysis revealed that absolute brain volume
best predicted performance across species and accounted for
considerably more variance than brain volume controlling for
body mass. This result corroborates recent advances in
evolutionary neurobiology and illustrates the cognitive
consequences of cortical reorganization through increases in
brain volume. Within primates, dietary breadth but not
social group size was a strong predictor of species
differences in self-control. Our results implicate robust
evolutionary relationships between dietary breadth, absolute
brain volume, and self-control. These findings provide a
significant first step toward quantifying the primate
cognitive phenome and explaining the process of cognitive
evolution.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1323533111},
Key = {fds240371}
}
@article{fds240377,
Author = {Bray, J and Krupenye, C and Hare, B},
Title = {Ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) exploit information about
what others can see but not what they can
hear.},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {17},
Number = {3},
Pages = {735-744},
Year = {2014},
Month = {May},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24218121},
Abstract = {Studies suggest that haplorhine primates are sensitive to
what others can see and hear. Using two experimental
designs, we tested the hypothesis that ring-tailed lemurs (N
= 16) are also sensitive to the visual and auditory
perception of others. In the first task, we used a go/no-go
design that required lemurs to exploit only auditory
information. In the second task, we used a forced-choice
design where lemurs competed against a human who would
prevent them from obtaining food if their approaches were
detected. Subjects were given the choice of obtaining food
silently or noisily when the competitor's back was turned.
They were also given the choice to obtain food when the
competitor could either see them or not. Here, we replicate
the findings of previous studies indicating that ring-tailed
lemurs are sensitive to whether they can be seen; however,
we found no evidence that subjects are sensitive to whether
others can hear them. Our findings suggest that ring-tailed
lemurs converge with haplorhine primates only in their
sensitivity to the visual information of others. The results
emphasize the importance of investigating social cognition
across sensory domains in order to elucidate the cognitive
mechanisms that underlie apparently complex social behavior.
These findings also suggest that the social dynamics of
haplorhine groups impose greater cognitive demands than
lemur groups, despite similarities in total group
size.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-013-0705-0},
Key = {fds240377}
}
@article{fds240380,
Author = {Wobber, V and Herrmann, E and Hare, B and Wrangham, R and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Differences in the early cognitive development of children
and great apes.},
Journal = {Developmental psychobiology},
Volume = {56},
Number = {3},
Pages = {547-573},
Year = {2014},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0012-1630},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dev.21125},
Abstract = {There is very little research comparing great ape and human
cognition developmentally. In the current studies we
compared a cross-sectional sample of 2- to 4-year-old human
children (n=48) with a large sample of chimpanzees and
bonobos in the same age range (n=42, hereafter: apes) on a
broad array of cognitive tasks. We then followed a group of
juvenile apes (n=44) longitudinally over 3 years to track
their cognitive development in greater detail. In skills of
physical cognition (space, causality, quantities), children
and apes performed comparably at 2 years of age, but by 4
years of age children were more advanced (whereas apes
stayed at their 2-year-old performance levels). In skills of
social cognition (communication, social learning, theory of
mind), children out-performed apes already at 2 years, and
increased this difference even more by 4 years. Patterns of
development differed more between children and apes in the
social domain than the physical domain, with support for
these patterns present in both the cross-sectional and
longitudinal ape data sets. These results indicate key
differences in the pattern and pace of cognitive development
between humans and other apes, particularly in the early
emergence of specific social cognitive capacities in
humans.},
Doi = {10.1002/dev.21125},
Key = {fds240380}
}
@article{fds240368,
Author = {Cieri, RL and Churchill, SE and Franciscus, RG and Tan, J and Hare,
B},
Title = {Craniofacial feminization, social tolerance, and the origins
of behavioral modernity},
Journal = {Current Anthropology},
Volume = {55},
Number = {4},
Pages = {419-443},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0011-3204},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/677209},
Abstract = {The past 200,000 years of human cultural evolution have
witnessed the persistent establishment of behaviors
involving innovation, planning depth, and abstract and
symbolic thought, or what has been called "behavioral
modernity." Demographic models based on increased human
population density from the late Pleistocene onward have
been increasingly invoked to understand the emergence of
behavioral modernity. However, high levels of social
tolerance, as seen among living humans, are a necessary
prerequisite to life at higher population densities and to
the kinds of cooperative cultural behaviors essential to
these demographic models. Here we provide data on
craniofacial feminization (reduction in average brow ridge
projection and shortening of the upper facial skeleton) in
Homo sapiens from the Middle Pleistocene to recent times. We
argue that temporal changes in human craniofacial morphology
reflect reductions in average androgen reactivity (lower
levels of adult circulating testosterone or reduced androgen
receptor densities), which in turn reflect the evolution of
enhanced social tolerance since the Middle Pleistocene. ©
2014 by The Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological
Research. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1086/677209},
Key = {fds240368}
}
@article{fds240372,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Raichlen, DA and Gordon, AD and Schroepfer-Walker, KK and Hare, B and O'Neill, MC and Muldoon, KM and Dunsworth, HM and Wood, BM and Isler, K and Burkart, J and Irwin, M and Shumaker, RW and Lonsdorf, EV and Ross, SR},
Title = {Primate energy expenditure and life history.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {111},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1433-1437},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1316940111},
Abstract = {Humans and other primates are distinct among placental
mammals in having exceptionally slow rates of growth,
reproduction, and aging. Primates' slow life history
schedules are generally thought to reflect an evolved
strategy of allocating energy away from growth and
reproduction and toward somatic investment, particularly to
the development and maintenance of large brains. Here we
examine an alternative explanation: that primates' slow life
histories reflect low total energy expenditure (TEE)
(kilocalories per day) relative to other placental mammals.
We compared doubly labeled water measurements of TEE among
17 primate species with similar measures for other placental
mammals. We found that primates use remarkably little energy
each day, expending on average only 50% of the energy
expected for a placental mammal of similar mass. Such large
differences in TEE are not easily explained by differences
in physical activity, and instead appear to reflect systemic
metabolic adaptation for low energy expenditures in
primates. Indeed, comparisons of wild and captive primate
populations indicate similar levels of energy expenditure.
Broad interspecific comparisons of growth, reproduction, and
maximum life span indicate that primates' slow metabolic
rates contribute to their characteristically slow life
histories.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1316940111},
Key = {fds240372}
}
@misc{fds330815,
Author = {Hare, B},
Title = {Is human free will prisoner to primate, ape, and hominin
preferences and biases?},
Pages = {361-366},
Booktitle = {Moral Psychology, Volume 4: Free Will And Moral
Responsibility},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780262525473},
Key = {fds330815}
}
@article{fds240378,
Author = {MacLean, E and Hare, B},
Title = {Spontaneous triadic engagement in bonobos (Pan paniscus) and
chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).},
Journal = {Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. :
1983)},
Volume = {127},
Number = {3},
Pages = {245-255},
Year = {2013},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0735-7036},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000323579000003&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Humans are believed to have evolved a unique motivation to
participate in joint activities that first develops during
infancy and supports the development of shared
intentionality. We conducted five experiments with bonobos
(Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) (Total n =
119) to assess their motivation to spontaneously participate
in joint activities with a conspecific or a human. We found
that even the youngest subjects preferred to interact
together with a human and a toy rather than engaging in an
identical game alone. In addition, we found that subjects
could spontaneously interact with a human in a turn-taking
game involving passing a ball back and forth and used
behaviors to elicit additional interaction when the game was
disrupted. However, when paired with a conspecific, subjects
preferred to interact with an object individually rather
than together. Our results indicate that nonhuman apes are
motivated to engage in triadic activities if they occur
spontaneously with humans and require a minimum amount of
coordination. These findings leave open the question of
whether these activities are coordinated through shared
intentions.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0030935},
Key = {fds240378}
}
@article{fds240383,
Author = {Wobber, V and Hare, B and Lipson, S and Wrangham, R and Ellison,
P},
Title = {Different ontogenetic patterns of testosterone production
reflect divergent male reproductive strategies in
chimpanzees and bonobos.},
Journal = {Physiology & behavior},
Volume = {116-117},
Pages = {44-53},
Year = {2013},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0031-9384},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.03.003},
Abstract = {Male reproductive effort is often strongly related to levels
of the steroid hormone testosterone. However, little
research has examined whether levels of testosterone
throughout development might be tied to individual or
species differences in the reproductive strategies pursued
by adult males. Here, we tested the hypothesis that
inter-specific differences in male reproductive strategy are
associated with differences in the pattern of testosterone
production throughout early life and puberty. We compared
testosterone levels from infancy to adulthood in two closely
related species where levels of mating competition and
male-male aggression differ significantly, bonobos (Pan
paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). We predicted
that the reduction in male mating competition found in
bonobos would be accompanied by a lesser developmental
increase in testosterone production. We performed
radioimmunoassay of salivary testosterone levels in a
mixed-longitudinal sample of both species, collected from
individuals living in semi free-ranging populations. This
allowed us to examine the effects of development in a more
naturalistic setting than possible in a zoo or laboratory.
We found that among chimpanzees, testosterone levels
declined slightly from infancy to juvenility, then remained
low until increasing markedly during adolescence (with
pubertal increases most pronounced among males). In
contrast, there was little change in testosterone production
with age in bonobos of either sex, with levels of
testosterone consistent throughout infancy, juvenility, and
the transition to adulthood. Our data are therefore
consistent with the hypothesis that the ontogenetic pattern
of testosterone production can be subject to rapid
evolutionary change, shifting in association with species
differences in male reproductive strategy.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.03.003},
Key = {fds240383}
}
@article{fds240386,
Author = {Herrmann, E and Keupp, S and Hare, B and Vaish, A and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Direct and indirect reputation formation in nonhuman great
apes (Pan paniscus, Pan troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla, Pongo
pygmaeus) and human children (Homo sapiens).},
Journal = {Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. :
1983)},
Volume = {127},
Number = {1},
Pages = {63-75},
Year = {2013},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0735-7036},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000315340300010&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Humans make decisions about when and with whom to cooperate
based on their reputations. People either learn about others
by direct interaction or by observing third-party
interactions or gossip. An important question is whether
other animal species, especially our closest living
relatives, the nonhuman great apes, also form reputations of
others. In Study 1, chimpanzees, bonobos, orangutans, and
2.5-year-old human children experienced a nice experimenter
who tried to give food/toys to the subject and a mean
experimenter who interrupted the food/toy giving. In studies
2 and 3, nonhuman great apes and human children could only
passively observe a similar interaction, in which a nice
experimenter and a mean experimenter interacted with a third
party. Orangutans and 2.5-year-old human children preferred
to approach the nice experimenter rather than the mean one
after having directly experienced their respective
behaviors. Orangutans, chimpanzees, and 2.5-year-old human
children also took into account experimenter actions toward
third parties in forming reputations. These studies show
that the human ability to form direct and indirect
reputation judgment is already present in young children and
shared with at least some of the other great
apes.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0028929},
Key = {fds240386}
}
@article{fds240379,
Author = {Maclean, EL and Sandel, AA and Bray, J and Oldenkamp, RE and Reddy, RB and Hare, BA},
Title = {Group Size Predicts Social but Not Nonsocial Cognition in
Lemurs.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {8},
Number = {6},
Pages = {e66359},
Booktitle = {PLoS One},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1932-6203},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066359},
Abstract = {The social intelligence hypothesis suggests that living in
large social networks was the primary selective pressure for
the evolution of complex cognition in primates. This
hypothesis is supported by comparative studies demonstrating
a positive relationship between social group size and
relative brain size across primates. However, the
relationship between brain size and cognition remains
equivocal. Moreover, there have been no experimental studies
directly testing the association between group size and
cognition across primates. We tested the social intelligence
hypothesis by comparing 6 primate species (total N = 96)
characterized by different group sizes on two cognitive
tasks. Here, we show that a species' typical social group
size predicts performance on cognitive measures of social
cognition, but not a nonsocial measure of inhibitory
control. We also show that a species' mean brain size (in
absolute or relative terms) does not predict performance on
either task in these species. These data provide evidence
for a relationship between group size and social cognition
in primates, and reveal the potential for cognitive
evolution without concomitant changes in brain size.
Furthermore our results underscore the need for more
empirical studies of animal cognition, which have the power
to reveal species differences in cognition not detectable by
proxy variables, such as brain size.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0066359},
Key = {fds240379}
}
@article{fds240384,
Author = {Rosati, AG and Hare, B},
Title = {Chimpanzees and bonobos exhibit emotional responses to
decision outcomes.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {8},
Number = {5},
Pages = {e63058},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23734175},
Abstract = {The interface between cognition, emotion, and motivation is
thought to be of central importance in understanding complex
cognitive functions such as decision-making and executive
control in humans. Although nonhuman apes have complex
repertoires of emotional expression, little is known about
the role of affective processes in ape decision-making. To
illuminate the evolutionary origins of human-like patterns
of choice, we investigated decision-making in humans'
closest phylogenetic relatives, chimpanzees (Pan
troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus). In two studies, we
examined these species' temporal and risk preferences, and
assessed whether apes show emotional and motivational
responses in decision-making contexts. We find that (1)
chimpanzees are more patient and more risk-prone than are
bonobos, (2) both species exhibit affective and motivational
responses following the outcomes of their decisions, and (3)
some emotional and motivational responses map onto
species-level and individual-differences in decision-making.
These results indicate that apes do exhibit emotional
responses to decision-making, like humans. We explore the
hypothesis that affective and motivational biases may
underlie the psychological mechanisms supporting value-based
preferences in these species.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0063058},
Key = {fds240384}
}
@article{fds240387,
Author = {Hare, B},
Title = {Animal behavior. For $60, a peek inside your dog's
mind.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {339},
Number = {6117},
Pages = {260-261},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000313622000013&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1126/science.339.6117.260},
Key = {fds240387}
}
@article{fds240388,
Author = {Tan, J and Hare, B},
Title = {Bonobos share with strangers.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e51922},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23300956},
Abstract = {Humans are thought to possess a unique proclivity to share
with others--including strangers. This puzzling phenomenon
has led many to suggest that sharing with strangers
originates from human-unique language, social norms, warfare
and/or cooperative breeding. However, bonobos, our closest
living relative, are highly tolerant and, in the wild, are
capable of having affiliative interactions with strangers.
In four experiments, we therefore examined whether bonobos
will voluntarily donate food to strangers. We show that
bonobos will forego their own food for the benefit of
interacting with a stranger. Their prosociality is in part
driven by unselfish motivation, because bonobos will even
help strangers acquire out-of-reach food when no desirable
social interaction is possible. However, this prosociality
has its limitations because bonobos will not donate food in
their possession when a social interaction is not possible.
These results indicate that other-regarding preferences
toward strangers are not uniquely human. Moreover, language,
social norms, warfare and cooperative breeding are
unnecessary for the evolution of xenophilic sharing.
Instead, we propose that prosociality toward strangers
initially evolves due to selection for social tolerance,
allowing the expansion of individual social networks. Human
social norms and language may subsequently extend this
ape-like social preference to the most costly
contexts.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0051922},
Key = {fds240388}
}
@article{fds219188,
Author = {E. Herrmann and B. Hare and J. Cisseski and M. Tomasello},
Title = {The origins of human temperament: children avoid novelty
more than other apes.},
Journal = {Developmental Science},
Volume = {14},
Pages = {1393-1405},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds219188}
}
@article{fds219196,
Author = {E. Herrmann and S. Keupp and B. Hare and A. Vaish and M.
Tomasello},
Title = {Direct and indirect reputation formation in great apes and
human children.},
Journal = {Journal of Comparative Psychology},
Volume = {127},
Pages = {63-75},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds219196}
}
@article{fds219197,
Author = {E. Maclean and B. Hare},
Title = {Spontaneous triadic play in bonobos and chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Journal of Comparative Psychology},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds219197}
}
@article{fds219201,
Author = {A. Rosati and V. Wobber and F. Warneken and A. Melis and E. Herrmann and J.
Kaminski, J. Tan and C. Krupenye and K. Schroepfer and B.
Hare},
Title = {Assessing the psychological health of cpative and wild apes:
a response to Ferdowsian et al. in press},
Journal = {Journal of Comparative Psychology},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds219201}
}
@article{fds219990,
Author = {T. Wobber and E. Herrmann and B. Hare and R. Wrangham and M.
Tomasello},
Title = {The evolution of cognitive development in Pan and
Homo.},
Booktitle = {Developmental Psychobiology},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds219990}
}
@misc{fds219184,
Author = {A. Melis and F. Warneken and B. Hare},
Title = {Collaboration and helping in chimpanzees.},
Pages = {166-183},
Booktitle = {The Chimpanzee Mind},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds219184}
}
@misc{fds219205,
Author = {V. Wobber and B. Hare},
Title = {The evolution of human socio-cognitive development.},
Booktitle = {The Development of Social Cognition},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds219205}
}
@book{fds219139,
Author = {B. Hare and V. Woods},
Title = {The Genius of Dogs},
Publisher = {Dutton: Penguin Group},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds219139}
}
@article{fds240385,
Author = {Bray, EE and MacLean, EL and Hare, BA},
Title = {Context specificity of inhibitory control in
dogs},
Journal = {Animal Cognition},
Volume = {17},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-17},
Booktitle = {Animal Cognition},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2013},
ISSN = {1435-9448},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-013-0633-z},
Abstract = {Across three experiments, we explored whether a dog's
capacity for inhibitory control is stable or variable across
decision-making contexts. In the social task, dogs were
first exposed to the reputations of a stingy experimenter
that never shared food and a generous experimenter who
always shared food. In subsequent test trials, dogs were
required to avoid approaching the stingy experimenter when
this individual offered (but withheld) a higher-value reward
than the generous experimenter did. In the A-not-B task,
dogs were required to inhibit searching for food in a
previously rewarded location after witnessing the food being
moved from this location to a novel hiding place. In the
cylinder task, dogs were required to resist approaching
visible food directly (because it was behind a transparent
barrier), in favor of a detour reaching response. Overall,
dogs exhibited inhibitory control in all three tasks.
However, individual scores were not correlated between
tasks, suggesting that context has a large effect on dogs'
behavior. This result mirrors studies of humans, which have
highlighted intra-individual variation in inhibitory control
as a function of the decision-making context. Lastly, we
observed a correlation between a subject's age and
performance on the cylinder task, corroborating previous
observations of age-related decline in dogs' executive
function.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-013-0633-z},
Key = {fds240385}
}
@article{fds240444,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Hare, B},
Title = {Pathogen flow: what we need to know.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {74},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1084-1087},
Year = {2012},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22070},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.22070},
Key = {fds240444}
}
@article{fds240443,
Author = {Rosati, AG and Hare, B},
Title = {Chimpanzees and bonobos exhibit divergent spatial memory
development.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {15},
Number = {6},
Pages = {840-853},
Year = {2012},
Month = {November},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23106738},
Abstract = {Spatial cognition and memory are critical cognitive skills
underlying foraging behaviors for all primates. While the
emergence of these skills has been the focus of much
research on human children, little is known about
ontogenetic patterns shaping spatial cognition in other
species. Comparative developmental studies of nonhuman apes
can illuminate which aspects of human spatial development
are shared with other primates, versus which aspects are
unique to our lineage. Here we present three studies
examining spatial memory development in our closest living
relatives, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (P.
paniscus). We first compared memory in a naturalistic
foraging task where apes had to recall the location of
resources hidden in a large outdoor enclosure with a variety
of landmarks (Studies 1 and 2). We then compared older apes
using a matched memory choice paradigm (Study 3). We found
that chimpanzees exhibited more accurate spatial memory than
bonobos across contexts, supporting predictions from these
species' different feeding ecologies. Furthermore,
chimpanzees - but not bonobos - showed developmental
improvements in spatial memory, indicating that bonobos
exhibit cognitive paedomorphism (delays in developmental
timing) in their spatial abilities relative to chimpanzees.
Together, these results indicate that the development of
spatial memory may differ even between closely related
species. Moreover, changes in the spatial domain can emerge
during nonhuman ape ontogeny, much like some changes seen in
human children.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2012.01182.x},
Key = {fds240443}
}
@article{fds240442,
Author = {Rosati, AG and Hare, B},
Title = {Decision making across social contexts: Competition
increases preferences for risk in chimpanzees and
bonobos},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {84},
Number = {4},
Pages = {869-879},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2012},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/6945 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Context can have a powerful influence on decision-making
strategies in humans. In particular, people sometimes shift
their economic preferences depending on the broader social
context, such as the presence of potential competitors or
mating partners. Despite the important role of competition
in primate conspecific interactions, as well as evidence
that competitive social contexts impact primates' social
cognitive skills, there has been little study of how social
context influences the strategies that nonhumans show when
making decisions about the value of resources. Here we
investigate the impact of social context on preferences for
risk (variability in payoffs) in our two closest
phylogenetic relatives, chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, and
bonobos, Pan paniscus. In a first study, we examine the
impact of competition on patterns of risky choice. In a
second study, we examine whether a positive play context
affects risky choices. We find that (1) apes are more likely
to choose the risky option when making decisions in a
competitive context; and (2) the play context did not
influence their risk preferences. Overall these results
suggest that some types of social contexts can shift
patterns of decision making in nonhuman apes, much like in
humans. Comparative studies of chimpanzees and bonobos can
therefore help illuminate the evolutionary processes shaping
human economic behaviour. © 2012 The Association for the
Study of Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.07.010},
Key = {fds240442}
}
@misc{fds240381,
Author = {Rosati, Alexandra G. and Santos, Laurie R. and Hare,
B},
Title = {Primate Neuroethology},
Pages = {117-143},
Booktitle = {Primate Neuroethology},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press, USA},
Editor = {Platt, ML and Ghazanfar, AA},
Year = {2012},
Month = {August},
ISBN = {9780199929245},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7465 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {This edited volume is the first of its kind to bridge the
epistemological gap between primate ethologists and primate
neurobiologists.},
Key = {fds240381}
}
@article{fds240441,
Author = {Hare, B and Wobber, V and Wrangham, R},
Title = {The self-domestication hypothesis: Evolution of bonobo
psychology is due to selection against aggression},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {83},
Number = {3},
Pages = {573-585},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2012},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.12.007},
Abstract = {Experiments indicate that selection against aggression in
mammals can have multiple effects on their morphology,
physiology, behaviour and psychology, and that these results
resemble a syndrome of changes observed in domestic animals.
We hypothesize that selection against aggression in some
wild species can operate in a similar way. Here we consider
the bonobo, Pan paniscus, as a candidate for having
experienced this 'self-domestication' process. We first
detail the changes typically seen in domesticated species
including shifts in development. We then show that bonobos
show less severe forms of aggression than chimpanzees, Pan
troglodytes, and suggest that this difference evolved
because of relaxed feeding competition. We next review
evidence that phenotypic differences in morphology and
behaviour between bonobos and chimpanzees are analogous to
differences between domesticates and their wild ancestors.
We then synthesize the first set of a priori experimental
tests of the self-domestication hypothesis comparing the
psychology of bonobos and chimpanzees. Again, bonobo traits
echo those of domesticates, including juvenilized patterns
of development. We conclude that the self-domestication
hypothesis provides a plausible account of the origin of
numerous differences between bonobos and chimpanzees, and
note that many of these appear to have arisen as incidental
by-products rather than adaptations. These results raise the
possibility that self-domestication has been a widespread
process in mammalian evolution, and suggest the need for
research into the regulatory genes responsible for shifts in
developmental trajectories in species that have undergone
selection against aggression. © 2011 The Association for
the Study of Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.12.007},
Key = {fds240441}
}
@article{fds240446,
Author = {MacLean, EL and Matthews, LJ and Hare, BA and Nunn, CL and Anderson, RC and Aureli, F and Brannon, EM and Call, J and Drea, CM and Emery, NJ and Haun,
DBM and Herrmann, E and Jacobs, LF and Platt, ML and Rosati, AG and Sandel,
AA and Schroepfer, KK and Seed, AM and Tan, J and van Schaik, CP and Wobber, V},
Title = {How does cognition evolve? Phylogenetic comparative
psychology.},
Journal = {Anim Cogn},
Volume = {15},
Number = {2},
Pages = {223-238},
Year = {2012},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21927850},
Abstract = {Now more than ever animal studies have the potential to test
hypotheses regarding how cognition evolves. Comparative
psychologists have developed new techniques to probe the
cognitive mechanisms underlying animal behavior, and they
have become increasingly skillful at adapting methodologies
to test multiple species. Meanwhile, evolutionary biologists
have generated quantitative approaches to investigate the
phylogenetic distribution and function of phenotypic traits,
including cognition. In particular, phylogenetic methods can
quantitatively (1) test whether specific cognitive abilities
are correlated with life history (e.g., lifespan),
morphology (e.g., brain size), or socio-ecological variables
(e.g., social system), (2) measure how strongly phylogenetic
relatedness predicts the distribution of cognitive skills
across species, and (3) estimate the ancestral state of a
given cognitive trait using measures of cognitive
performance from extant species. Phylogenetic methods can
also be used to guide the selection of species comparisons
that offer the strongest tests of a priori predictions of
cognitive evolutionary hypotheses (i.e., phylogenetic
targeting). Here, we explain how an integration of
comparative psychology and evolutionary biology will answer
a host of questions regarding the phylogenetic distribution
and history of cognitive traits, as well as the evolutionary
processes that drove their evolution.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-011-0448-8},
Key = {fds240446}
}
@article{fds240440,
Author = {MacLean, EL and Hare, B},
Title = {Bonobos and chimpanzees infer the target of another's
attention},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {83},
Number = {2},
Pages = {345-353},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2012},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.10.026},
Abstract = {We examined the ability of bonobos, Pan paniscus (N= 39),
and chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes (N= 74), to infer the
target of an experimenter's visual attention in a series of
three experiments. In each experiment subjects were first
introduced to a novel object while an experimenter's (E1)
visual access to this object was manipulated by (1) having
E1 orient towards or away from the object, (2) positioning a
visual occluder that did or did not block E1's view of the
object, or (3) substituting a different experimenter for E1
during the introduction phase of the trial. After subjects
were introduced to the objects in one of these ways, E1
vocalized excitedly while gazing ambiguously towards the
previously introduced target object and a second location on
the same visual plane. In each experiment we measured
whether subjects looked at the object or the alternative
target of the E1's gaze. We predicted that if subjects
recognized when E1 was previously familiar with the object,
they would search for an alternative target of his attention
more frequently in these trials. In all three contexts,
chimpanzees, and in one context, bonobos, behaved
consistently with this prediction. These results are not
easily explained by learning or behaviour-reading hypotheses
because responses were never rewarded, few trials were
conducted per subject, and the experimenter's behaviour was
the same across experimental conditions at the moment
subjects were required to respond. Therefore, similar to
human infants, subjects most likely remembered what the
experimenter had or had not seen in the past, allowing them
to infer the target of his attention in the present. © 2011
The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.10.026},
Key = {fds240440}
}
@article{fds219191,
Author = {E. MacLean and B. Hare},
Title = {Bonobos and chimpanzees infer the target of an actor's
attention.},
Journal = {Animal Behavior},
Volume = {83},
Pages = {345-353},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds219191}
}
@article{fds219192,
Author = {B. Hare and T. Wobber and R. Wrangham},
Title = {The self-domestication hypothesis: bonobo psychology evolved
due to selection against male aggression.},
Journal = {Animal Behavior},
Volume = {83},
Pages = {573-585},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds219192}
}
@article{fds219193,
Author = {A. Rosati and B. Hare},
Title = {Decision-making across social contexts: competition
increases risk-prone choices in chimpanzees and
bonobos.},
Journal = {Animal Behavior},
Volume = {84},
Pages = {869-879},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds219193}
}
@article{fds240439,
Author = {Herrmann, E and Hare, B and Cissewski, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {A comparison of temperament in nonhuman apes and human
infants.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {14},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1393-1405},
Year = {2011},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1363-755X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01082.x},
Abstract = {The adaptive behavior of primates, including humans, is
often mediated by temperament. Human behavior likely differs
from that of other primates in part due to temperament. In
the current study we compared the reaction of bonobos,
chimpanzees, orangutans, and 2.5-year-old human infants to
novel objects and people - as a measure of their
shyness-boldness, a key temperamental trait. Human children
at the age of 2.5 years avoided novelty of all kinds far
more than the other ape species. This response was most
similar to that seen in bonobos and least like that of
chimpanzees and orangutans. This comparison represents a
first step in characterizing the temperamental profiles of
species in the hominoid clade, and these findings are
consistent with the hypothesis that human temperament has
evolved since our lineage diverged from the other apes in
ways that likely have broad effects on behavior. These
findings also provide new insights into how species
differences in ecology may shape differences in
temperament.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01082.x},
Key = {fds240439}
}
@article{fds240436,
Author = {Hare, B},
Title = {From hominoid to hominid mind: What changed and
why?},
Journal = {Annual Review of Anthropology},
Volume = {40},
Number = {1},
Pages = {293-309},
Publisher = {ANNUAL REVIEWS},
Year = {2011},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0084-6570},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-081309-145726},
Abstract = {The living great apes, and in particular members of the
genus Pan, help test hypotheses regarding the cognitive
skills of our extinct common ancestor. Research with
chimpanzees suggests that we share some but not all of our
abilities to model another's perspective in social
interactions. Large-scale comparisons among human infants,
bonobos, chimpanzees, and orangutans on both social and
physical problem-solving tasks demonstrate that human
infants are unique for their early emerging social cognitive
skills, which facilitate participation in cultural
interactions. Comparisons between bonobos and chimpanzees
also reveal cognitive differences that are likely due to
developmental shifts. These comparative studies suggest that
our species' capabilities to assess the psychological states
of others are built on those abilities that were present in
our last common ape ancestor and were derived, in part,
owing to shifts in cognitive ontogeny that likely account
for species differences among other apes as well. © 2011 by
Annual Reviews. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1146/annurev-anthro-081309-145726},
Key = {fds240436}
}
@article{fds240438,
Author = {Sandel, AA and MacLean, EL and Hare, B},
Title = {Evidence from four lemur species that ringtailed lemur
social cognition converges with that of haplorhine
primates},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {81},
Number = {5},
Pages = {925-931},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2011},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.01.020},
Abstract = {Many haplorhine primates flexibly exploit social cues when
competing for food. Whether strepsirrhine primates possess
similar abilities is unknown. To explore the phylogenetic
origins of such skills among primates, we tested ringtailed
lemurs, Lemur catta, for their ability to exploit social
cues while competing for food. We found that in two contexts
ringtailed lemurs spontaneously approached food out of their
competitor's view. To assess whether these skills are
related to the relatively complex social structure seen in
ringtailed lemurs or shared more broadly across a range of
strepsirrhines, we then compared ringtailed lemurs to three
lemur species with less complex societies in the same food
competition task (N=50 lemurs). Although all species
skilfully avoided food proximate to a competitor in a
pretest, only ringtailed lemurs performed above chance in
the food competition task that required subjects to avoid
food that an experimenter was facing in favour of one that
he was not facing. We also compared all four species in a
noncompetitive gaze-following task. Ringtailed lemurs were
again the only species that looked up more frequently when
an experimenter gazed into space than when an experimenter
gazed forward (although at relatively low frequencies).
These results are consistent with the hypothesis that
ringtailed lemurs have undergone convergent social-cognitive
evolution with haplorhines, possibly as an adaptation for
living in the largest and most complex social groups among
strepsirrhines. Results are discussed in terms of lemur
cognitive evolution as well as the social intelligence
hypothesis. © 2011 The Association for the Study of Animal
Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.01.020},
Key = {fds240438}
}
@article{fds240448,
Author = {B. Hare and Woods, V and Hare, B},
Title = {Bonobo but not chimpanzee infants use socio-sexual contact
with peers.},
Journal = {Primates; journal of primatology},
Volume = {52},
Number = {2},
Pages = {111-116},
Year = {2011},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21127940},
Abstract = {Bonobos have been observed to use socio-sexual behavior at
higher frequency than chimpanzees. Little is known about the
developmental influences that shape this behavior in
bonobos. We compared the social sexual behavior of wild-born
bonobo (n = 8) and chimpanzee (n = 16) infants in an
experimental feeding test. Subjects of both species were
orphans of the bushmeat trade living at sanctuaries in peer
groups. During the experiment, chimpanzee infants never had
socio-sexual interactions with one another. In contrast,
bonobo infants had socio-sexual interactions significantly
more than the chimpanzee infants and more often when food
was presented. During these socio-sexual interactions,
bonobo infants did not show a preference for heterosexual
partners or genital-genital positioning that is reproductive
in adults (e.g. a dorso-ventral posture). These findings
suggest that the socio-sexual behavior previously observed
in various captive and wild bonobos is species-typical.
Wild-born bonobos originating from a large geographical
range develop this behavior long before puberty and without
the need for adults initiating such behavior or acting as
models for observational learning. Meanwhile, chimpanzee
infants of the same age with similar rearing history show no
signs of the same socio-sexual behavior. Results are
interpreted regarding hypotheses for the evolution of bonobo
psychology.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10329-010-0229-z},
Key = {fds240448}
}
@article{fds240437,
Author = {Rosati, AG and Hare, B},
Title = {Chimpanzees and bonobos distinguish between risk and
ambiguity.},
Journal = {Biology letters},
Volume = {7},
Number = {1},
Pages = {15-18},
Year = {2011},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1744-9561},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/6948 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Although recent research has investigated animal
decision-making under risk, little is known about how
animals choose under conditions of ambiguity when they lack
information about the available alternatives. Many models of
choice behaviour assume that ambiguity does not impact
decision-makers, but studies of humans suggest that people
tend to be more averse to choosing ambiguous options than
risky options with known probabilities. To illuminate the
evolutionary roots of human economic behaviour, we examined
whether our closest living relatives, chimpanzees (Pan
troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus), share this bias
against ambiguity. Apes chose between a certain option that
reliably provided an intermediately preferred food type, and
a variable option that could vary in the probability that it
provided a highly preferred food type. To examine the impact
of ambiguity on ape decision-making, we interspersed trials
in which chimpanzees and bonobos had no knowledge about the
probabilities. Both species avoided the ambiguous option
compared with their choices for a risky option, indicating
that ambiguity aversion is shared by humans, bonobos and
chimpanzees.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2010.0927},
Key = {fds240437}
}
@article{fds240433,
Author = {Wobber, V and Hare, B},
Title = {Psychological health of orphan bonobos and chimpanzees in
African sanctuaries.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {6},
Number = {6},
Pages = {e17147},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1932-6203},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017147},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Facilities across Africa care for apes
orphaned by the trade for "bushmeat." These facilities,
called sanctuaries, provide housing for apes such as bonobos
(Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) who have
been illegally taken from the wild and sold as pets.
Although these circumstances are undoubtedly stressful for
the apes, most individuals arrive at the sanctuaries as
infants and are subsequently provided with rich physical and
social environments that can facilitate the expression of
species-typical behaviors.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>We
tested whether bonobo and chimpanzee orphans living in
sanctuaries show any behavioral, physiological, or cognitive
abnormalities relative to other individuals in captivity as
a result of the early-life stress they experience. Orphans
showed lower levels of aberrant behaviors, similar levels of
average cortisol, and highly similar performances on a broad
battery of cognitive tests in comparisons with individuals
of the same species who were either living at a zoo or were
reared by their mothers at the sanctuaries.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Taken
together, these results support the rehabilitation strategy
used by sanctuaries in the Pan-African Sanctuary Alliance
(PASA) and suggest that the orphans we examined did not show
long-term signs of stress as a result of their capture. Our
findings also show that sanctuary apes are as
psychologically healthy as apes in other captive settings
and thus represent a valuable resource for non-invasive
research.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0017147},
Key = {fds240433}
}
@article{fds240445,
Author = {Schroepfer, KK and Rosati, AG and Chartrand, T and Hare,
B},
Title = {Use of "entertainment" chimpanzees in commercials distorts
public perception regarding their conservation
status.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {6},
Number = {10},
Pages = {e26048},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22022503},
Abstract = {Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are often used in movies,
commercials and print advertisements with the intention of
eliciting a humorous response from audiences. The portrayal
of chimpanzees in unnatural, human-like situations may have
a negative effect on the public's understanding of their
endangered status in the wild while making them appear as
suitable pets. Alternatively, media content that elicits a
positive emotional response toward chimpanzees may increase
the public's commitment to chimpanzee conservation. To test
these competing hypotheses, participants (n = 165)
watched a series of commercials in an experiment framed as a
marketing study. Imbedded within the same series of
commercials was one of three chimpanzee videos. Participants
either watched 1) a chimpanzee conservation commercial, 2)
commercials containing "entertainment" chimpanzees or 3)
control footage of the natural behavior of wild chimpanzees.
Results from a post-viewing questionnaire reveal that
participants who watched the conservation message understood
that chimpanzees were endangered and unsuitable as pets at
higher levels than those viewing the control footage.
Meanwhile participants watching commercials with
entertainment chimpanzees showed a decrease in understanding
relative to those watching the control footage. In addition,
when participants were given the opportunity to donate part
of their earnings from the experiment to a conservation
charity, donations were least frequent in the group watching
commercials with entertainment chimpanzees. Control
questions show that participants did not detect the purpose
of the study. These results firmly support the hypothesis
that use of entertainment chimpanzees in the popular media
negatively distorts the public's perception and hinders
chimpanzee conservation efforts.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0026048},
Key = {fds240445}
}
@misc{fds219187,
Author = {B. Hare and J. Tan},
Title = {What cooperative abilities did we inherit as an
ape?},
Booktitle = {The Primate Mind},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds219187}
}
@article{fds202130,
Author = {B. Hare and A. Sandel and E. Maclean and B. Hare},
Title = {Convergent evolution in the social cognitive abilities of
lemurs. Animal Behaviour. 81, 925-931},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds202130}
}
@article{fds202131,
Author = {B. Hare and T. Wobber and B. Hare},
Title = {Psychological health of orphan bonobos and chimpanzees in
African sanctuaries. PLoS One, 6, e17147},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds202131}
}
@article{fds240429,
Author = {Herrmann, E and Hare, B and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Differences in the cognitive skills of bonobos and
chimpanzees.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {5},
Number = {8},
Pages = {e12438},
Year = {2010},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {1932-6203},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/4567 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {While bonobos and chimpanzees are both genetically and
behaviorally very similar, they also differ in significant
ways. Bonobos are more cautious and socially tolerant while
chimpanzees are more dependent on extractive foraging, which
requires tools. The similarities suggest the two species
should be cognitively similar while the behavioral
differences predict where the two species should differ
cognitively. We compared both species on a wide range of
cognitive problems testing their understanding of the
physical and social world. Bonobos were more skilled at
solving tasks related to theory of mind or an understanding
of social causality, while chimpanzees were more skilled at
tasks requiring the use of tools and an understanding of
physical causality. These species differences support the
role of ecological and socio-ecological pressures in shaping
cognitive skills over relatively short periods of
evolutionary time.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0012438},
Key = {fds240429}
}
@article{fds240435,
Author = {Wobber, V and Hare, B and Maboto, J and Lipson, S and Wrangham, R and Ellison, PT},
Title = {Differential changes in steroid hormones before competition
in bonobos and chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {107},
Number = {28},
Pages = {12457-12462},
Year = {2010},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1007411107},
Abstract = {A large body of research has demonstrated that variation in
competitive behavior across species and individuals is
linked to variation in physiology. In particular, rapid
changes in testosterone and cortisol during competition
differ according to an individual's or species'
psychological and behavioral responses to competition. This
suggests that among pairs of species in which there are
behavioral differences in competition, there should also be
differences in the endocrine shifts surrounding competition.
We tested this hypothesis by presenting humans' closest
living relatives, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos
(Pan paniscus), with a dyadic food competition and measuring
their salivary testosterone and cortisol levels. Given that
chimpanzees and bonobos differ markedly in their
food-sharing behavior, we predicted that they would differ
in their rapid endocrine shifts. We found that in both
species, males showed an anticipatory decrease (relative to
baseline) in steroids when placed with a partner in a
situation in which the two individuals shared food, and an
anticipatory increase when placed with a partner in a
situation in which the dominant individual obtained more
food. The species differed, however, in terms of which
hormone was affected; in bonobo males the shifts occurred in
cortisol, whereas in chimpanzee males the shifts occurred in
testosterone. Thus, in anticipation of an identical
competition, bonobo and chimpanzee males showed differential
endocrine shifts, perhaps due to differences in perception
of the situation, that is, viewing the event either as a
stressor or a dominance contest. In turn, common selection
pressures in human evolution may have acted on the
psychology and the endocrinology of our competitive
behavior.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1007411107},
Key = {fds240435}
}
@misc{fds240382,
Author = {Rosati, A G and Hare, B},
Title = {Social Cognition: From Behavior-Reading to
Mind-Reading},
Pages = {263-270},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience},
Publisher = {Elsevier Science},
Editor = {Koob, George F. and Le Moal and Michel},
Year = {2010},
Month = {May},
ISBN = {9780080453965},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7464 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Primates must navigate complex social landscapes in their
daily lives: gathering information from and about others,
competing with others for rewards like food and mates, and
cooperating to obtain rewards as well. Although many species
may exhibit similar behaviors in naturalistic contexts, the
cognitive bases of the sophisticated behaviors that many
primates exhibit can vary widely across species. In this
article, we examine the psychology underlying primate social
behavior in three situations: gaze-following, competing for
food, and instrumental cooperation. In each of these
domains, various primate gaze-follow, compete, and cooperate
with great success - but experiments have revealed that the
ways they do so can be quite diverse. These examples provide
a framework for investigating social cognition from an
evolutionary perspective that addresses why such different
social-cognitive skills evolved across species.},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-08-045396-5.00112-3},
Key = {fds240382}
}
@article{fds240432,
Author = {Vlamings, PHJM and Hare, B and Call, J},
Title = {Reaching around barriers: the performance of the great apes
and 3-5-year-old children.},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {13},
Number = {2},
Pages = {273-285},
Year = {2010},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1435-9448},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-009-0265-5},
Abstract = {Inhibitory control has been suggested as a key predictive
measure of problem-solving skills in human and nonhuman
animals. However, there has yet to be a direct comparison of
the inhibitory skills of the nonhuman apes and their
development in human children. We compared the inhibitory
skills of all great ape species, including 3-5-year-old
children in a detour-reaching task, which required subjects
to avoid reaching directly for food and instead use an
indirect reaching method to successfully obtain the food. We
tested 22 chimpanzees, 18 bonobos, 18 orangutans, 6 gorillas
and 42 children. Our sample included chimpanzees, bonobos
and orangutans housed in zoos (N = 27) and others housed in
sanctuaries in their native habitats (N = 37). Overall,
orangutans were the most skilful apes, including human
children. As expected older children outperformed younger
children. Sanctuary chimpanzees and bonobos outperformed
their zoo counterparts whereas there was no difference
between the two orangutan samples. Most zoo chimpanzees and
bonobos failed to solve the original task, but improved
their performance with additional training, although the
training method determined to a considerable extent the
level of success that the apes achieved in a transfer phase.
In general, the performance of the older children was far
from perfect and comparable to some of the nonhuman apes
tested.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-009-0265-5},
Key = {fds240432}
}
@article{fds240434,
Author = {Hare, B and Kwetuenda, S},
Title = {Bonobos voluntarily share their own food with
others.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {20},
Number = {5},
Pages = {R230-R231},
Year = {2010},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0960-9822},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.12.038},
Abstract = {Comparisons between chimpanzees and humans have led to the
hypothesis that only humans voluntarily share their own food
with others. However, it is hard to draw conclusions because
the food-sharing preferences of our more tolerant relative,
the bonobo (Pan paniscus), have never been studied
experimentally. We gave unrelated bonobos the choice of
either monopolizing food or actively sharing: we found that
bonobos preferred to release a recipient from an adjacent
room and feed together instead of eating all the food alone.
Thus, food sharing in bonobos does not depend on kinship or
harassment and suggests our own species' propensity for
voluntary food sharing is not unique among the
apes.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2009.12.038},
Key = {fds240434}
}
@article{fds240431,
Author = {Wobber, V and Wrangham, R and Hare, B},
Title = {Bonobos exhibit delayed development of social behavior and
cognition relative to chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {20},
Number = {3},
Pages = {226-230},
Year = {2010},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0960-9822},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.11.070},
Abstract = {Phenotypic changes between species can occur when evolution
shapes development. Here, we tested whether differences in
the social behavior and cognition of bonobos and chimpanzees
derive from shifts in their ontogeny, looking at behaviors
pertaining to feeding competition in particular. We found
that as chimpanzees (n = 30) reached adulthood, they became
increasingly intolerant of sharing food, whereas adult
bonobos (n = 24) maintained high, juvenile levels of
food-related tolerance. We also investigated the ontogeny of
inhibition during tasks that simulated feeding competition.
In two different tests, we found that bonobos (n = 30)
exhibited developmental delays relative to chimpanzees (n =
29) in the acquisition of social inhibition, with these
differences resulting in less skill among adult bonobos. The
results suggest that these social and cognitive differences
between two closely related species result from evolutionary
changes in brain development.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2009.11.070},
Key = {fds240431}
}
@misc{fds240366,
Author = {Rosati, AG and Santos, LR and Hare, B},
Title = {Primate Social Cognition: Thirty Years After Premack and
Woodruff},
Pages = {117-143},
Booktitle = {Primate Neuroethology},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Year = {2010},
Month = {February},
ISBN = {9780195326598},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326598.003.0007},
Abstract = {This chapter addresses two aspects of primate social
cognition-understanding of intentional, goal-directed
action, and understanding perceptions, knowledge, and
beliefs-focusing on the newest comparative research since
the last major reviews were written on the topic over a
decade ago. It first reviews evidence suggesting that
diverse species of primates understand the actions of others
in terms of goals and intentions, and furthermore can reason
about some, but probably not all, kinds of psychological
states. It then examines the hypothesis that primates show
their most complex social skills in competitive contexts,
and suggests that inquiry into other aspects of primate
social life, such as cooperative interactions, may prove to
be the next important step for experimental inquiries into
primate social-cognitive skills. Finally, the chapter
examines primate social cognition in a broader evolutionary
context that may provide a better understanding of both
primate and human cognitive skills.},
Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326598.003.0007},
Key = {fds240366}
}
@article{fds240428,
Author = {Herrmann, E and Hernández-Lloreda, MV and Call, J and Hare, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The structure of individual differences in the cognitive
abilities of children and chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Psychological science},
Volume = {21},
Number = {1},
Pages = {102-110},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0956-7976},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797609356511},
Abstract = {Most studies of animal cognition focus on group performance
and neglect individual differences and the correlational
structure of cognitive abilities. Moreover, no previous
studies have compared the correlational structure of
cognitive abilities in nonhuman animals and humans. We
compared the structure of individual differences of 106
chimpanzees and 105 two-year-old human children using 15
cognitive tasks that posed problems about the physical or
social world. We found a similar factor of spatial cognition
for the two species. But whereas the chimpanzees had only a
single factor in addition to spatial cognition, the children
had two distinct additional factors: one for physical
cognition and one for social cognition. These findings, in
combination with previous research, support the proposal
that humans share many cognitive skills with nonhuman apes,
especially for dealing with the physical world, but in
addition have evolved some specialized skills of social
cognition.},
Doi = {10.1177/0956797609356511},
Key = {fds240428}
}
@misc{fds375266,
Author = {Rosati, AG and Hare, B},
Title = {Social Cognition: From Behavior-Reading to
Mind-Reading},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {V3-263-V3-268},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience, Three-Volume Set,
1-3},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780080914558},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-045396-5.00112-3},
Abstract = {Primates must navigate complex social landscapes in their
daily lives: gathering information from and about others,
competing with others for rewards like food and mates, and
cooperating to obtain rewards as well. Although many species
may exhibit similar behaviors in naturalistic contexts, the
cognitive bases of the sophisticated behaviors that many
primates exhibit can vary widely across species. In this
article, we examine the psychology underlying primate social
behavior in three situations: gaze-following, competing for
food, and instrumental cooperation. In each of these
domains, various primate gaze-follow, compete, and cooperate
with great success – but experiments have revealed that
the ways they do so can be quite diverse. These examples
provide a framework for investigating social cognition from
an evolutionary perspective that addresses why such
different social-cognitive skills evolved across
species.},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-08-045396-5.00112-3},
Key = {fds375266}
}
@article{fds219173,
Author = {B. Hare and B. Rosati and A. Breaur and J. Kaminski and J. Call and M.
Tomasello},
Title = {Dogs are more skilled than wolves with human social cues: a
response to Udell et al (2008) and Wynne et
al.},
Journal = {Animal Behavior},
Volume = {79},
Pages = {e1-e6},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds219173}
}
@article{fds219179,
Author = {V. Wobber and R. Wrangham and B. Hare},
Title = {Application of the heterochrony framework to the study of
behavior and cognition.},
Journal = {Communicative and Integrative Biology},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {1-2},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds219179}
}
@article{fds219185,
Author = {A. Rosati and B. Hare},
Title = {Chimpanzee and bonobos distinguish between risk and
ambiguity.},
Journal = {Proceedings of Royal Society: Biology Letters.},
Volume = {7},
Pages = {15-18},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds219185}
}
@misc{fds219182,
Author = {V. Woods and B. Hare},
Title = {African sanctuaries as a new resource for non-invasive
research on great apes.},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Applied Animal Behavior and
Welfare},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds219182}
}
@misc{fds219183,
Author = {A. Rosati and B. Hare},
Title = {From social behavior to social cognition in
primates.},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds219183}
}
@article{fds240430,
Author = {Hare, B and Rosati, AG and Kaminski, J and Braeuer, J and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The domestication hypothesis for dogs' skills with human
communication: A response to Udell et al. (2008) and Wynne
et al. (2008)},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {79},
Number = {2},
Pages = {e1-e6},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/6631 Duke open
access},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.06.031},
Key = {fds240430}
}
@article{fds240427,
Author = {Melis, AP and Hare, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Chimpanzees coordinate in a negotiation game},
Journal = {Evolution and Human Behavior},
Volume = {30},
Number = {6},
Pages = {381-392},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2009},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1090-5138},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.05.003},
Abstract = {A crucially important aspect of human cooperation is the
ability to negotiate to cooperative outcomes when interests
over resources conflict. Although chimpanzees and other
social species may negotiate conflicting interests regarding
travel direction or activity timing, very little is known
about their ability to negotiate conflicting preferences
over food. In the current study, we presented pairs of
chimpanzees with a choice between two cooperative tasks-one
with equal payoffs (e.g., 5-5) and one with unequal payoffs
(higher and lower than in the equal option, e.g., 10-1).
This created a conflict of interests between partners with
failure to work together on the same cooperative task
resulting in no payoff for either partner. The chimpanzee
pairs cooperated successfully in as many as 78-94% of the
trials across experiments. Even though dominant chimpanzees
preferred the unequal option (as they would obtain the
largest payoff), subordinate chimpanzees were able to get
their way (the equal option) in 22-56% of trials across
conditions. Various analyses showed that subjects were both
strategic and also cognizant of the strategies used by their
partners. These results demonstrate that one of our two
closest primate relatives, the chimpanzee, can settle
conflicts of interest over resources in mutually satisfying
ways-even without the social norms of equity, planned
strategies of reciprocity, and the complex communication
characteristic of human negotiation. © 2009 Elsevier Inc.
All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.05.003},
Key = {fds240427}
}
@article{fds240423,
Author = {Wobber, V and Hare, B and Koler-Matznick, J and Wrangham, R and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Breed differences in domestic dogs' (Canis familiaris)
comprehension of human communicative signals},
Journal = {Interaction Studies},
Volume = {10},
Number = {2},
Pages = {206-224},
Publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
Editor = {Matsuzawa, T},
Year = {2009},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1572-0373},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.10.2.06wob},
Abstract = {Recent research suggests that some human-like social skills
evolved in dogs (Canis familiaris) during domestication as
an incidental by-product of selection for "tame" forms of
behavior. It is still possible, however, that the social
skills of certain dog breeds came under direct selection
that led to further increases in social problem solving
ability. To test this hypothesis, different breeds of
domestic dogs were compared for their ability to use various
human communicative behaviors to find hidden food. We found
that even primitive breeds with little human contact were
able to use communicative cues. Further, "working" dogs
(shepherds and huskies: thought to be bred intentionally to
respond to human cooperative communicative signals) were
more skilled at using gestural cues than were non-working
breeds (basenji and toy poodles: not thought to have been
bred for their cooperative-communicative ability). This
difference in performance existed regardless of whether the
working breeds were more or less genetically wolf-like.
These results suggest that subsequent to initial
domesticating selection giving rise to cue-following skills,
additional selection on communicative abilities in certain
breeds has produced substantive differences in those breeds'
abilities to follow cues. © John Benjamins Publishing
Company.},
Doi = {10.1075/is.10.2.06wob},
Key = {fds240423}
}
@article{fds240426,
Author = {Wobber, V and Hare, B},
Title = {Testing the social dog hypothesis: are dogs also more
skilled than chimpanzees in non-communicative social
tasks?},
Journal = {Behavioural processes},
Volume = {81},
Number = {3},
Pages = {423-428},
Year = {2009},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0376-6357},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2009.04.003},
Abstract = {Relative to non-human primates, domestic dogs possess a
number of social skills that seem exceptional-particularly
in solving problems involving cooperation and communication
with humans. However, the degree to which dogs' unusual
skills are contextually specialized is still unclear. Here,
we presented dogs with a social problem that did not require
them to use cooperative-communicative cues and compared
their performance to that of chimpanzees to assess the
extent of dogs' capabilities relative to those of non-human
primates. We tested the abilities of dogs and chimpanzees to
inhibit previously learned responses by using a social and a
non-social version of a reversal learning task. In contrast
to previous findings in cooperative-communicative social
tasks, dogs were not more skilled on the social task than
the non-social task, while chimpanzees were significantly
better in the social paradigm. Chimpanzees were able to
inhibit their prior learning better and more quickly in the
social paradigm than they were in the non-social paradigm,
while dogs took more time to inhibit what they had learned
in both versions of the task. These results suggest that the
dogs' sophisticated social skills in using human social cues
may be relatively specialized as a result of
domestication.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.beproc.2009.04.003},
Key = {fds240426}
}
@article{fds240425,
Author = {McIntyre, MH and Herrmann, E and Wobber, V and Halbwax, M and Mohamba,
C and de Sousa, N and Atencia, R and Cox, D and Hare,
B},
Title = {Bonobos have a more human-like second-to-fourth finger
length ratio (2D:4D) than chimpanzees: a hypothesized
indication of lower prenatal androgens.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {56},
Number = {4},
Pages = {361-365},
Year = {2009},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.12.004},
Abstract = {The ratio of the second-to-fourth finger lengths (2D:4D) has
been proposed as an indicator of prenatal sex
differentiation. However, 2D:4D has not been studied in the
closest living human relatives, chimpanzees (Pan
troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus). We report the
results from 79 chimpanzees and 39 bonobos of both sexes,
including infants, juveniles, and adults. We observed the
expected sex difference in 2D:4D, and substantially higher,
more human-like, 2D:4D in bonobos than chimpanzees. Previous
research indicates that sex differences in 2D:4D result from
differences in prenatal sex hormone levels. We hypothesize
that the species difference in 2D:4D between bonobos and
chimpanzees suggests a possible role for early exposure to
sex hormones in the development of behavioral differences
between the two species.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.12.004},
Key = {fds240425}
}
@article{fds240424,
Author = {Rosati, AG and Hare, B},
Title = {Looking past the model species: diversity in gaze-following
skills across primates.},
Journal = {Current opinion in neurobiology},
Volume = {19},
Number = {1},
Pages = {45-51},
Year = {2009},
Month = {February},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19394214},
Abstract = {Primates must navigate complex social landscapes in their
daily lives: gathering information from and about others,
competing with others for food and mates, and cooperating to
obtain rewards as well. Gaze-following often provides
important clues as to what others see, know, or will do;
using information about social attention is thus crucial for
primates to be competent social actors. However, the
cognitive bases of the gaze-following behaviors that
primates exhibit appear to vary widely across species. The
ultimate challenge of such analyses will therefore be to
understand why such different cognitive mechanisms have
evolved across species.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.conb.2009.03.002},
Key = {fds240424}
}
@article{fds219142,
Author = {A. Rosati and B. Hare},
Title = {Beyond the model species: diversity in gaze following skills
across primates.},
Journal = {Current Opinion in Neurobiology},
Volume = {19},
Pages = {45-51},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds219142}
}
@misc{fds219140,
Author = {B. Hare},
Title = {What is the effect of affect on bonobo and chimpanzee
problem solving?},
Pages = {89-102},
Booktitle = {The Neurobiology of the Unwelt: how living beings perceive
the world.},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds219140}
}
@misc{fds219143,
Author = {B. Hare and V. Woods},
Title = {Out of our minds: how did Homo sapiens come down from the
trees, and why did no one follow?},
Pages = {170-184},
Booktitle = {Innovative Science},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds219143}
}
@article{fds240421,
Author = {Wobber, V and Hare, B and Wrangham, R},
Title = {Great apes prefer cooked food.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {55},
Number = {2},
Pages = {340-348},
Year = {2008},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.03.003},
Abstract = {The cooking hypothesis proposes that a diet of cooked food
was responsible for diverse morphological and behavioral
changes in human evolution. However, it does not predict
whether a preference for cooked food evolved before or after
the control of fire. This question is important because the
greater the preference shown by a raw-food-eating hominid
for the properties present in cooked food, the more easily
cooking should have been adopted following the control of
fire. Here we use great apes to model food preferences by
Paleolithic hominids. We conducted preference tests with
various plant and animal foods to determine whether great
apes prefer food items raw or cooked. We found that several
populations of captive apes tended to prefer their food
cooked, though with important exceptions. These results
suggest that Paleolithic hominids would likewise have
spontaneously preferred cooked food to raw, exapting a
pre-existing preference for high-quality, easily chewed
foods onto these cooked items. The results, therefore,
challenge the hypothesis that the control of fire preceded
cooking by a significant period.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.03.003},
Key = {fds240421}
}
@article{fds240419,
Author = {Heilbronner, SR and Rosati, AG and Stevens, JR and Hare, B and Hauser,
MD},
Title = {A fruit in the hand or two in the bush? Divergent risk
preferences in chimpanzees and bonobos.},
Journal = {Biology letters},
Volume = {4},
Number = {3},
Pages = {246-249},
Year = {2008},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1744-9561},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7404 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Human and non-human animals tend to avoid risky prospects.
If such patterns of economic choice are adaptive, risk
preferences should reflect the typical decision-making
environments faced by organisms. However, this approach has
not been widely used to examine the risk sensitivity in
closely related species with different ecologies. Here, we
experimentally examined risk-sensitive behaviour in
chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus),
closely related species whose distinct ecologies are thought
to be the major selective force shaping their unique
behavioural repertoires. Because chimpanzees exploit riskier
food sources in the wild, we predicted that they would
exhibit greater tolerance for risk in choices about food.
Results confirmed this prediction: chimpanzees significantly
preferred the risky option, whereas bonobos preferred the
fixed option. These results provide a relatively rare
example of risk-prone behaviour in the context of gains and
show how ecological pressures can sculpt economic decision
making.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2008.0081},
Key = {fds240419}
}
@article{fds240420,
Author = {Ross, SR and Lukas, KE and Lonsdorf, EV and Stoinski, TS and Hare, B and Shumaker, R and Goodall, J},
Title = {Science priorities. Inappropriate use and portrayal of
chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {319},
Number = {5869},
Pages = {1487},
Year = {2008},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1154490},
Abstract = {Depictions of chimpanzees as caricatures can lead people to
think these animals are not endangered and is a problem for
conservation and welfare efforts.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1154490},
Key = {fds240420}
}
@article{fds240418,
Author = {Herrmann, E and Call, J and Hernández-Lloreda, MV and Hare, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Response [3]},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {319},
Number = {5863},
Pages = {569},
Year = {2008},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
Key = {fds240418}
}
@article{fds240422,
Author = {Melis, AP and Hare, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Do chimpanzees reciprocate received favours?},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {76},
Number = {3},
Pages = {951-962},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.05.014},
Abstract = {Reciprocal interactions observed in animals may persist
because individuals keep careful account of services
exchanged with each group member. To test whether
chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, possess the cognitive skills
required for this type of contingency-based reciprocity, we
gave chimpanzees the choice of cooperating with a
conspecific who had helped them previously or one who had
not helped them in two different experimental tasks. In the
first experiment, one of the partners preferentially
recruited the subjects to cooperate in a mutualistic task,
while the other potential partner never chose to cooperate
with the subject, but rather chose a different partner. In
the second experiment, one of the partners altruistically
helped the subjects to reach food, while the other partner
never helped the subject, but rather took the food himself.
In both experiments there was some evidence that the
chimpanzees increased the amount they cooperated with or
helped the partner who had been more helpful towards them
compared to their baseline behaviour towards the same
individual (or in a control condition). However, in both
experiments this effect was relatively weak and subjects did
not preferentially favour the individual who had favoured
them over the one who had not in either experiment. Although
taken together, these experiments provide some support for
the hypothesis that chimpanzees are capable of contingent
reciprocity, they also suggest that models of immediate
reciprocation and detailed accounts of recent exchanges
(e.g. Tit for Tat) may not play a large role in guiding the
social decisions of chimpanzees. © 2008 The Association for
the Study of Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.05.014},
Key = {fds240422}
}
@article{fds240417,
Author = {Rosati, AG and Stevens, JR and Hare, B and Hauser,
MD},
Title = {The evolutionary origins of human patience: temporal
preferences in chimpanzees, bonobos, and human
adults.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {17},
Number = {19},
Pages = {1663-1668},
Year = {2007},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0960-9822},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17900899},
Abstract = {To make adaptive choices, individuals must sometimes exhibit
patience, forgoing immediate benefits to acquire more
valuable future rewards [1-3]. Although humans account for
future consequences when making temporal decisions [4], many
animal species wait only a few seconds for delayed benefits
[5-10]. Current research thus suggests a phylogenetic gap
between patient humans and impulsive, present-oriented
animals [9, 11], a distinction with implications for our
understanding of economic decision making [12] and the
origins of human cooperation [13]. On the basis of a series
of experimental results, we reject this conclusion. First,
bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
exhibit a degree of patience not seen in other animals
tested thus far. Second, humans are less willing to wait for
food rewards than are chimpanzees. Third, humans are more
willing to wait for monetary rewards than for food, and show
the highest degree of patience only in response to decisions
about money involving low opportunity costs. These findings
suggest that core components of the capacity for
future-oriented decisions evolved before the human lineage
diverged from apes. Moreover, the different levels of
patience that humans exhibit might be driven by fundamental
differences in the mechanisms representing biological versus
abstract rewards.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2007.08.033},
Key = {fds240417}
}
@article{fds240415,
Author = {Herrmann, E and Call, J and Hernàndez-Lloreda, MV and Hare, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Humans have evolved specialized skills of social cognition:
the cultural intelligence hypothesis.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {317},
Number = {5843},
Pages = {1360-1366},
Year = {2007},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1146282},
Abstract = {Humans have many cognitive skills not possessed by their
nearest primate relatives. The cultural intelligence
hypothesis argues that this is mainly due to a
species-specific set of social-cognitive skills, emerging
early in ontogeny, for participating and exchanging
knowledge in cultural groups. We tested this hypothesis by
giving a comprehensive battery of cognitive tests to large
numbers of two of humans' closest primate relatives,
chimpanzees and orangutans, as well as to 2.5-year-old human
children before literacy and schooling. Supporting the
cultural intelligence hypothesis and contradicting the
hypothesis that humans simply have more "general
intelligence," we found that the children and chimpanzees
had very similar cognitive skills for dealing with the
physical world but that the children had more sophisticated
cognitive skills than either of the ape species for dealing
with the social world.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1146282},
Key = {fds240415}
}
@article{fds240416,
Author = {Warneken, F and Hare, B and Melis, AP and Hanus, D and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Spontaneous altruism by chimpanzees and young
children.},
Journal = {PLoS biology},
Volume = {5},
Number = {7},
Pages = {e184},
Year = {2007},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1545-7885},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0050184},
Abstract = {People often act on behalf of others. They do so without
immediate personal gain, at cost to themselves, and even
toward unfamiliar individuals. Many researchers have claimed
that such altruism emanates from a species-unique psychology
not found in humans' closest living evolutionary relatives,
such as the chimpanzee. In favor of this view, the few
experimental studies on altruism in chimpanzees have
produced mostly negative results. In contrast, we report
experimental evidence that chimpanzees perform basic forms
of helping in the absence of rewards spontaneously and
repeatedly toward humans and conspecifics. In two
comparative studies, semi-free ranging chimpanzees helped an
unfamiliar human to the same degree as did human infants,
irrespective of being rewarded (experiment 1) or whether the
helping was costly (experiment 2). In a third study,
chimpanzees helped an unrelated conspecific gain access to
food in a novel situation that required subjects to use a
newly acquired skill on behalf of another individual. These
results indicate that chimpanzees share crucial aspects of
altruism with humans, suggesting that the roots of human
altruism may go deeper than previous experimental evidence
suggested.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.0050184},
Key = {fds240416}
}
@article{fds240414,
Author = {Burnham, TC and Hare, B},
Title = {Engineering human cooperation : DDDDDoes involuntary neural
activation increase public goods contributions?},
Journal = {Human Nature},
Volume = {18},
Number = {2},
Pages = {88-108},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2007},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1045-6767},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12110-007-9012-2},
Abstract = {In a laboratory experiment, we use a public goods game to
examine the hypothesis that human subjects use an
involuntary eye-detector mechanism for evaluating the level
of privacy. Half of our subjects are "watched" by images of
a robot presented on their computer screen. The robot-named
Kismet and invented at MIT-is constructed from objects that
are obviously not human with the exception of its eyes. In
our experiment, Kismet produces a significant difference in
behavior that is not consistent with existing economic
models of preferences, either self- or other-regarding.
Subjects who are "watched" by Kismet contribute 29% more to
the public good than do subjects in the same setting without
Kismet. © 2007 Springer Science & Business Media,
LLC.},
Doi = {10.1007/s12110-007-9012-2},
Key = {fds240414}
}
@article{fds240411,
Author = {Hare, B and Melis, AP and Woods, V and Hastings, S and Wrangham,
R},
Title = {Tolerance allows bonobos to outperform chimpanzees on a
cooperative task.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {17},
Number = {7},
Pages = {619-623},
Year = {2007},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0960-9822},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.02.040},
Abstract = {To understand constraints on the evolution of cooperation,
we compared the ability of bonobos and chimpanzees to
cooperatively solve a food-retrieval problem. We addressed
two hypotheses. The "emotional-reactivity hypothesis"
predicts that bonobos will cooperate more successfully
because tolerance levels are higher in bonobos. This
prediction is inspired by studies of domesticated animals;
such studies suggest that selection on emotional reactivity
can influence the ability to solve social problems [1, 2].
In contrast, the "hunting hypothesis" predicts that
chimpanzees will cooperate more successfully because only
chimpanzees have been reported to cooperatively hunt in the
wild [3-5]. We indexed emotional reactivity by measuring
social tolerance while the animals were cofeeding and found
that bonobos were more tolerant of cofeeding than
chimpanzees. In addition, during cofeeding tests only
bonobos exhibited socio-sexual behavior, and they played
more. When presented with a task of retrieving food that was
difficult to monopolize, bonobos and chimpanzees were
equally cooperative. However, when the food reward was
highly monopolizable, bonobos were more successful than
chimpanzees at cooperating to retrieve it. These results
support the emotional-reactivity hypothesis. Selection on
temperament may in part explain the variance in cooperative
ability across species, including hominoids.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2007.02.040},
Key = {fds240411}
}
@article{fds240412,
Author = {Hare, B},
Title = {From nonhuman to human mind: What changed and
why?},
Journal = {Current Directions in Psychological Science},
Volume = {16},
Number = {2},
Pages = {60-64},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {2007},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0963-7214},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00476.x},
Abstract = {Two questions regarding the human mind challenge
evolutionary theory: (a) What features of human psychology
have changed since humans' lineage split from that of the
other apes such as chimpanzees and bonobos? And (b) what was
the process by which such derived psychological features
evolved (e.g., what were the selection pressures)? I review
some of the latest research on chimpanzee and canine
psychology that allows inferences to be made regarding these
questions. Copyright © 2007 Association for Psychological
Science.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00476.x},
Key = {fds240412}
}
@article{fds240410,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Hare, B and Lehmann, H and Call,
J},
Title = {Reliance on head versus eyes in the gaze following of great
apes and human infants: the cooperative eye
hypothesis.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {52},
Number = {3},
Pages = {314-320},
Year = {2007},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.10.001},
Abstract = {As compared with other primates, humans have especially
visible eyes (e.g., white sclera). One hypothesis is that
this feature of human eyes evolved to make it easier for
conspecifics to follow an individual's gaze direction in
close-range joint attentional and communicative
interactions, which would seem to imply especially
cooperative (mututalistic) conspecifics. In the current
study, we tested one aspect of this cooperative eye
hypothesis by comparing the gaze following behavior of great
apes to that of human infants. A human experimenter "looked"
to the ceiling either with his eyes only, head only (eyes
closed), both head and eyes, or neither. Great apes followed
gaze to the ceiling based mainly on the human's head
direction (although eye direction played some role as well).
In contrast, human infants relied almost exclusively on eye
direction in these same situations. These results
demonstrate that humans are especially reliant on eyes in
gaze following situations, and thus, suggest that eyes
evolved a new social function in human evolution, most
likely to support cooperative (mututalistic) social
interactions.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.10.001},
Key = {fds240410}
}
@article{fds240413,
Author = {Warneken, F and Hare, B and Melis, AP and Hanus, D and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Spontaneous altruism by chimpanzees and young
children},
Journal = {PLoS Biology},
Volume = {5},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1414-1420},
Year = {2007},
ISSN = {1544-9173},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0050184},
Abstract = {People often act on behalf of others. They do so without
immediate personal gain, at cost to themselves, and even
toward unfamiliar individuals. Many researchers have claimed
that such altruism emanates from a species-unique psychology
not found in humans' closest living evolutionary relatives,
such as the chimpanzee. In favor of this view, the few
experimental studies on altruism in chimpanzees have
produced mostly negative results. In contrast, we report
experimental evidence that chimpanzees perform basic forms
of helping in the absence of rewards spontaneously and
repeatedly toward humans and conspecifics. In two
comparative studies, semi-free ranging chimpanzees helped an
unfamiliar human to the same degree as did human infants,
irrespective of being rewarded (experiment 1) or whether the
helping was costly (experiment 2). In a third study,
chimpanzees helped an unrelated conspecific gain access to
food in a novel situation that required subjects to use a
newly acquired skill on behalf of another individual. These
results indicate that chimpanzees share crucial aspects of
altruism with humans, suggesting that the roots of human
altruism may go deeper than previous experimental evidence
suggested. © 2007 Warneken et al.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.0050184},
Key = {fds240413}
}
@article{fds240407,
Author = {Hare, B and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Chimpanzees deceive a human competitor by
hiding.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {101},
Number = {3},
Pages = {495-514},
Year = {2006},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0010-0277},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2005.01.011},
Abstract = {There is little experimental evidence that any non-human
species is capable of purposefully attempting to manipulate
the psychological states of others deceptively (e.g.,
manipulating what another sees). We show here that
chimpanzees, one of humans' two closest primate relatives,
sometimes attempt to actively conceal things from others.
Specifically, when competing with a human in three novel
tests, eight chimpanzees, from their first trials, chose to
approach a contested food item via a route hidden from the
human's view (sometimes using a circuitous path to do so).
These findings not only corroborate previous work showing
that chimpanzees know what others can and cannot see, but
also suggest that when competing for food chimpanzees are
skillful at manipulating, to their own advantage, whether
others can or cannot see them.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2005.01.011},
Key = {fds240407}
}
@article{fds240409,
Author = {Melis, AP and Hare, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Engineering cooperation in chimpanzees: tolerance
constraints on cooperation},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {72},
Number = {2},
Pages = {275-286},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2006},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.09.018},
Abstract = {The cooperative abilities of captive chimpanzees, Pan
troglodytes, in experiments do not match the sophistication
that might be predicted based on their naturally occurring
cooperative behaviours. This discrepancy might partly be
because in previous experiments potential chimpanzee
cooperators were partnered without regard to their social
relationship. We investigated the ability of chimpanzee
dyads to solve a physical task cooperatively in relation to
their interindividual tolerance levels. Pairs that were most
capable of sharing food outside the test were also able to
cooperate spontaneously (by simultaneously pulling two
ropes) to obtain food. In contrast, pairs that were less
inclined to share food outside of the test were unlikely to
cooperate. Furthermore, previously successful subjects
stopped cooperating when paired with a less tolerant
partner, even when the food rewards were presented in a
dispersed and divisible form to reduce competition between
subjects. These results show that although chimpanzees are
capable of spontaneous cooperation in a novel instrumental
task, tolerance acts as a constraint on their ability to
solve such cooperative problems. This finding highlights the
importance of controlling such social constraints in future
experiments on chimpanzee cooperation, and suggests that the
evolution of human-like cooperative skills might have been
preceded by the evolution of a more egalitarian social
system and a more human-like temperament. © 2006 The
Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.09.018},
Key = {fds240409}
}
@article{fds240447,
Author = {Jensen, K and Hare, B and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {What's in it for me? Self-regard precludes altruism and
spite in chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {273},
Number = {1589},
Pages = {1013-1021},
Year = {2006},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0962-8452},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3417},
Abstract = {Sensitivity to fairness may influence whether individuals
choose to engage in acts that are mutually beneficial,
selfish, altruistic, or spiteful. In a series of three
experiments, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) could pull a rope
to access out-of-reach food while concomitantly pulling
another piece of food further away. In the first study, they
could make a choice that solely benefited themselves
(selfishness), or both themselves and another chimpanzee
(mutualism). In the next two experiments, they could choose
between providing food solely for another chimpanzee
(altruism), or for neither while preventing the other
chimpanzee from receiving a benefit (spite). The main result
across all studies was that chimpanzees made their choices
based solely on personal gain, with no regard for the
outcomes of a conspecific. These results raise questions
about the origins of human cooperative behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2005.3417},
Key = {fds240447}
}
@article{fds240406,
Author = {Melis, AP and Hare, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Chimpanzees recruit the best collaborators.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {311},
Number = {5765},
Pages = {1297-1300},
Year = {2006},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1123007},
Abstract = {Humans collaborate with non-kin in special ways, but the
evolutionary foundations of these collaborative skills
remain unclear. We presented chimpanzees with collaboration
problems in which they had to decide when to recruit a
partner and which potential partner to recruit. In an
initial study, individuals recruited a collaborator only
when solving the problem required collaboration. In a second
study, individuals recruited the more effective of two
partners on the basis of their experience with each of them
on a previous day. Therefore, recognizing when collaboration
is necessary and determining who is the best collaborative
partner are skills shared by both chimpanzees and humans, so
such skills may have been present in their common ancestor
before humans evolved their own complex forms of
collaboration.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1123007},
Key = {fds240406}
}
@article{fds240405,
Author = {Miklósi, A and Topál, J},
Title = {Is there a simple recipe for how to make
friends?},
Journal = {Trends in cognitive sciences},
Volume = {9},
Number = {10},
Pages = {463-464},
Year = {2005},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2005.08.009},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2005.08.009},
Key = {fds240405}
}
@article{fds240403,
Author = {Hare, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Human-like social skills in dogs?},
Journal = {Trends in cognitive sciences},
Volume = {9},
Number = {9},
Pages = {439-444},
Year = {2005},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1364-6613},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2005.07.003},
Abstract = {Domestic dogs are unusually skilled at reading human social
and communicative behavior--even more so than our nearest
primate relatives. For example, they use human social and
communicative behavior (e.g. a pointing gesture) to find
hidden food, and they know what the human can and cannot see
in various situations. Recent comparisons between canid
species suggest that these unusual social skills have a
heritable component and initially evolved during
domestication as a result of selection on systems mediating
fear and aggression towards humans. Differences in
chimpanzee and human temperament suggest that a similar
process may have been an important catalyst leading to the
evolution of unusual social skills in our own species. The
study of convergent evolution provides an exciting
opportunity to gain further insights into the evolutionary
processes leading to human-like forms of cooperation and
communication.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2005.07.003},
Key = {fds240403}
}
@article{fds240404,
Author = {Hare, B and Plyusnina, I and Ignacio, N and Schepina, O and Stepika, A and Wrangham, R and Trut, L},
Title = {Social cognitive evolution in captive foxes is a correlated
by-product of experimental domestication.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {15},
Number = {3},
Pages = {226-230},
Year = {2005},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0960-9822},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.040},
Abstract = {Dogs have an unusual ability for reading human communicative
gestures (e.g., pointing) in comparison to either nonhuman
primates (including chimpanzees) or wolves . Although this
unusual communicative ability seems to have evolved during
domestication , it is unclear whether this evolution
occurred as a result of direct selection for this ability,
as previously hypothesized , or as a correlated by-product
of selection against fear and aggression toward humans--as
is the case with a number of morphological and physiological
changes associated with domestication . We show here that
fox kits from an experimental population selectively bred
over 45 years to approach humans fearlessly and
nonaggressively (i.e., experimentally domesticated) are not
only as skillful as dog puppies in using human gestures but
are also more skilled than fox kits from a second, control
population not bred for tame behavior (critically, neither
population of foxes was ever bred or tested for their
ability to use human gestures) . These results suggest that
sociocognitive evolution has occurred in the experimental
foxes, and possibly domestic dogs, as a correlated
by-product of selection on systems mediating fear and
aggression, and it is likely the observed social cognitive
evolution did not require direct selection for improved
social cognitive ability.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.040},
Key = {fds240404}
}
@article{fds240401,
Author = {Hare, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Chimpanzees are more skilful in competitive than in
cooperative cognitive tasks},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {68},
Number = {3},
Pages = {571-581},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2004},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.11.011},
Abstract = {In a series of four experiments, chimpanzees, Pan
troglodytes, were given two cognitive tasks, an object
choice task and a discrimination task (based on location),
each in the context of either cooperation or competition. In
both tasks chimpanzees performed more skilfully when
competing than when cooperating, with some evidence that
competition with conspecifics was especially facilitatory in
the discrimination location task. This is the first study to
demonstrate a facilitative cognitive effect for competition
in a single experimental paradigm. We suggest that
chimpanzee cognitive evolution is best understood in its
socioecological context. © 2004 The Association for the
Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All
rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.11.011},
Key = {fds240401}
}
@article{fds240402,
Author = {Call, J and Hare, B and Carpenter, M and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {'Unwilling' versus 'unable': chimpanzees' understanding of
human intentional action.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {7},
Number = {4},
Pages = {488-498},
Year = {2004},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00368.x},
Abstract = {Understanding the intentional actions of others is a
fundamental part of human social cognition and behavior. An
important question is therefore whether other animal
species, especially our nearest relatives the chimpanzees,
also understand the intentional actions of others. Here we
show that chimpanzees spontaneously (without training)
behave differently depending on whether a human is unwilling
or unable to give them food Chimpanzees produced more
behaviors and left the testing station earlier with an
unwilling compared to an unable (but willing) experimenter
These data together with other recent studies on
chimpanzees' knowledge about others' visual perception show
that chimpanzees know more about the intentional actions and
perceptions of others than previously demonstrated},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00368.x},
Key = {fds240402}
}
@article{fds240400,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Call, J and Hare, B},
Title = {Chimpanzees versus humans: It's not that
simple},
Journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
Volume = {7},
Number = {6},
Pages = {239-240},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2003},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(03)00107-4},
Doi = {10.1016/S1364-6613(03)00107-4},
Key = {fds240400}
}
@article{fds240398,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Call, J and Hare, B},
Title = {Chimpanzees understand psychological states - The question
is which ones and to what extent},
Journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
Volume = {7},
Number = {4},
Pages = {153-156},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2003},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(03)00035-4},
Abstract = {New data suggest that relatively drastic revisions are
needed in our theoretical accounts of what other animal
species understand about the psychological states of others.
Specifically, chimpanzees seem to understand some things
about what others do and do not see, or have and have not
seen in the immediate past, as well as some things about
others' goal-directed activities. This is especially so in
competitive situations. They clearly do not have a
human-like theory of mind, however, and so the challenge is
to specify precisely how ape and human social cognition are
similar and different.},
Doi = {10.1016/S1364-6613(03)00035-4},
Key = {fds240398}
}
@article{fds240399,
Author = {Hare, B and Addessi, E and Call, J and Tomasello, M and Visalberghi,
E},
Title = {Do capuchin monkeys, Cebus apella, know what conspecifics do
and do not see?},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {65},
Number = {1},
Pages = {131-142},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2002.2017},
Abstract = {Capuchin monkeys were tested in five experiments in which
two individuals competed over food. When given a choice
between retrieving a piece of food that was visible or
hidden from the dominant, subordinate animals preferred to
retrieve hidden food. This preference is consistent with the
hypotheses that either (1) the subordinate knew what the
dominant could and could not see or (2) the subordinate was
monitoring the behaviour of the dominant and avoiding the
piece of food that it approached. To test between these
alternatives, we released subordinates with a slight head
start forcing them to make their choice (between a piece of
food hidden or visible to the dominant) before the dominant
entered the area. Unlike chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes,
subordinates that were given a head start did not
preferentially approach hidden pieces of food first.
Therefore, our experiments provide little support for the
hypothesis that capuchin monkeys are sensitive to what
another individual does or does not see. We compare our
results with those obtained with chimpanzees in the same
paradigm and discuss the evolution of primate social
cognition. © 2003 The Association for the Study of Animal
Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1006/anbe.2002.2017},
Key = {fds240399}
}
@article{fds240395,
Author = {Hare, B and Brown, M and Williamson, C and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {The domestication of social cognition in
dogs.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {298},
Number = {5598},
Pages = {1634-1636},
Year = {2002},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1072702},
Abstract = {Dogs are more skillful than great apes at a number of tasks
in which they must read human communicative signals
indicating the location of hidden food. In this study, we
found that wolves who were raised by humans do not show
these same skills, whereas domestic dog puppies only a few
weeks old, even those that have had little human contact, do
show these skills. These findings suggest that during the
process of domestication, dogs have been selected for a set
of social-cognitive abilities that enable them to
communicate with humans in unique ways.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1072702},
Key = {fds240395}
}
@article{fds240376,
Author = {Hare, B},
Title = {Can competitive paradigms increase the validity of
experiments on primate social cognition?},
Journal = {Animal Cognition},
Volume = {4},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {269-280},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2001},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1435-9448},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100710100084},
Abstract = {Experiments vary in their ability to distinguish between
competing hypotheses. In tests on primate cognition the
majority of this variation is due to an experimenter's
ability to test primates in valid settings while providing
the adequate amount of experimental control. While
experimenters studying primate cognition can use methods of
control perfected in captivity, it is still very unclear how
to design and then objectively evaluate the external
validity of new experimental paradigms. I recommend that
more effort be allocated to specify how to create relevant
test settings for primates. Primate social life is highly
competitive. This means that all aspects of primates
themselves, including their cognitive abilities, have likely
been shaped by the need to out-compete conspecifics. Based
on this hypothesis, sophisticated cognitive abilities of
primates might best be demonstrated in competitive contexts.
Thus, it is suggested that one possible measure of validity
is whether investigators integrate a competitive component
into their experimental designs. To evaluate this
methodological prediction I review the literature on
chimpanzee perspective- taking as a case study including
several recent studies that include a competitive component
in their experimental designs. © Springer-Verlag
2001.},
Doi = {10.1007/s100710100084},
Key = {fds240376}
}
@article{fds240396,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Hare, B and Fogleman, T},
Title = {The ontogeny of gaze following in chimpanzees, Pan
troglodytes, and rhesus macaques, Macaca
mulatta},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {61},
Number = {2},
Pages = {335-343},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2000.1598},
Abstract = {Primates follow the gaze direction of conspecifics to
outside objects. We followed the ontogeny of this
social-cognitive skill for two species: rhesus macaques and
chimpanzees, in the first two experiments, using both a
cross-sectional and a longitudinal design, we exposed
individuals of different ages to a human looking in a
specified direction. Rhesus infants first began reliably to
follow the direction of this gaze at the end of the early
infancy period, at about 5.5 months of age. Chimpanzees did
not reliably follow human gaze until 3-4 years; this
corresponds to the latter part of the late infancy period
for this species. In the third experiment we exposed
individuals of the same two species to a human repeatedly
looking to the same location (with no special object at that
location) to see if subjects would learn to ignore the
looks. Only adults of the two species diminished their
gaze-following behaviour over trials. This suggests that in
the period between infancy and adulthood individuals of both
species come to integrate their gaze-following skills with
their more general social-cognitive knowledge about other
animate beings and their behaviour, and so become able to
deploy their gaze-following skills in a more flexible
manner. © 2001 The Association for the Study of Animal
Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1006/anbe.2000.1598},
Key = {fds240396}
}
@article{fds240397,
Author = {Hare, B and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Do chimpanzees know what conspecifics know?},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {61},
Number = {1},
Pages = {139-151},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2000.1518},
Abstract = {We conducted three experiments on social problem solving by
chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes. In each experiment a
subordinate and a dominant individual competed for food,
which was placed in various ways on the subordinate's side
of two opaque barriers. In some conditions dominants had not
seen the food hidden, or food they had seen hidden was moved
elsewhere when they were not watching (whereas in control
conditions they saw the food being hidden or moved). At the
same time, subordinates always saw the entire baiting
procedure and could monitor the visual access of their
dominant competitor as well. If subordinates were sensitive
to what dominants did or did not see during baiting, they
should have preferentially approached and retrieved the food
that dominants had not seen hidden or moved. This is what
they did in experiment 1 when dominants were either
uninformed or misinformed about the food's location. In
experiment 2 subordinates recognized, and adjusted their
behaviour accordingly, when the dominant individual who
witnessed the hiding was replaced with another dominant
individual who had not witnessed it, thus demonstrating
their ability to keep track of precisely who has witnessed
what. In experiment 3 subordinates did not choose
consistently between two pieces of hidden food, one of which
dominants had seen hidden and one of which they had not seen
hidden. However, their failure in this experiment was likely
to be due to the changed nature of the competition under
these circumstances and not to a failure of social-cognitive
skills. These findings suggest that at least in some
situations (i.e. competition with conspecifics) chimpanzees
know what conspecifics have and have not seen (do and do not
know), and that they use this information to devise
effective social-cognitive strategies. © 2001 The
Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1006/anbe.2000.1518},
Key = {fds240397}
}
@article{fds240375,
Author = {Agnetta, B and Hare, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Cues to food location that domestic dogs (Canis familiaris)
of different ages do and do not use},
Journal = {Animal Cognition},
Volume = {3},
Number = {2},
Pages = {107-112},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2000},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1435-9448},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100710000070},
Abstract = {The results of three experiments are reported. In the main
study, a human experimenter presented domestic dogs (Canis
familiaris) with a variety of social cues intended to
indicate the location of hidden food. The novel findings of
this study were: (1) dogs were able to use successfully
several totally novel cues in which they watched a human
place a marker in front of the target location; (2) dogs
were unable to use the marker by itself with no behavioral
cues (suggesting that some form of human behavior directed
to the target location was a necessary part of the cue); and
(3) there were no significant developments in dogs' skills
in these tasks across the age range 4 months to 4 years
(arguing against the necessity of extensive learning
experiences with humans). In a follow- up study, dogs did
not follow human gaze into "empty space" outside of the
simulated foraging context. Finally, in a small pilot study,
two arctic wolves (Canis lupus) were unable to use human
cues to locate hidden food. These results suggest the
possibility that domestic dogs have evolved an adaptive
specialization for using human-produced directional cues in
a goal-directed (especially foraging) context. Exactly how
they understand these cues is still an open question. ©
Springer-Verlag 2000.},
Doi = {10.1007/s100710000070},
Key = {fds240375}
}
@article{fds240393,
Author = {Wrangham, R and Wilson, M and Hare, B and Wolfe, ND},
Title = {Chimpanzee predation and the ecology of microbial
exchange},
Journal = {Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease},
Volume = {12},
Number = {3},
Pages = {186-188},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/089106000750051855},
Abstract = {Hunting provides one mechanism for the transmission of
microbes across host species boundaries. It has generally
been assumed that this mechanism leads to unidirectional
transmission to humans. We report that wild chimpanzees
occasionally prey on human children. This result and other
evidence of chimpanzee hunting show the need for
consideration of more complex predation-mediated host
networks.},
Doi = {10.1080/089106000750051855},
Key = {fds240393}
}
@article{fds240394,
Author = {Hare, B and Call, J and Agnetta, B and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Chimpanzees know what conspecifics do and do not
see},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {59},
Number = {4},
Pages = {771-785},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1999.1377},
Abstract = {We report a series of experiments on social problem solving
in chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes. In each experiment a
subordinate and a dominant individual were put into
competition over two pieces of food. In all experiments
dominants obtained virtually all of the foods to which they
had good visual and physical access. However, subordinates
were successful quite often in three situations in which
they had better visual access to the food than the dominant,
for example, when the food was positioned so that only the
subordinate (and not the dominant) could see it. In some
cases, the subordinate might have been monitoring the
behaviour of the dominant directly and simply avoided the
food that the dominant was moving towards (which just
happened to be the one it could see). In other cases,
however, we ruled out this possibility by giving
subordinates a small headstart and forcing them to make
their choice (to go to the food that both competitors could
see, or the food that only they could see) before the
dominant was released into the area. Together with other
recent studies, the present investigation suggests that
chimpanzees know what conspecifics can and cannot see, and,
furthermore, that they use this knowledge to devise
effective social-cognitive strategies in naturally occurring
food competition situations. (C)2000 The Association for the
Study of Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1006/anbe.1999.1377},
Key = {fds240394}
}
@article{fds240389,
Author = {Hare, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) use human and conspecific
social cues to locate hidden food},
Journal = {Journal of Comparative Psychology},
Volume = {113},
Number = {2},
Pages = {X173-X177},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0735-7036},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0735-7036.113.2.173},
Abstract = {Ten domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) of different breeds and
ages were exposed to 2 different social cues indicating the
location of hidden food, each provided by both a human
informant and a conspecific informant (for a total of 4
different social cues). For the local enhancement cue the
informant approached the location where food was hidden and
then stayed beside it. For the gaze and point cue, the
informant stood equidistant between 2 hiding locations and
bodily oriented and gazed toward the 1 in which food was
hidden (the human informant also pointed). Eight of the 10
subjects, including the one 6-month-old juvenile, were above
chance with 2 or more cues. Results are discussed in terms
of the phylogenetic and ontogenetic processes by means of
which dogs come to use social cues to locate
food.},
Doi = {10.1037//0735-7036.113.2.173},
Key = {fds240389}
}
@article{fds240391,
Author = {Itakura, S and Agnetta, B and Hare, B and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Chimpanzee use of human and conspecific social cues to
locate hidden food},
Journal = {Developmental Science},
Volume = {2},
Number = {4},
Pages = {448-456},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-7687.00089},
Abstract = {Two studies are reported in which chimpanzees attempted to
use social cues to locate hidden food in one of two possible
hiding places. In the first study four chimpanzees were
exposed to a local enhancement cue (the informant approached
and looked to the location where food was hidden and then
remained beside it) and a gaze/point cue (the informant
gazed and manually pointed towards the location where the
food was hidden). Each cue was given by both a human
informant and a chimpanzee informant. In the second study 12
chimpanzees were exposed to a gaze direction cue in
combination with a vocal cue (the human informant gazed to
the hiding location and produced one of two different
vocalizations: a 'food-bark' or a human word-form). The
results were: (i) all subjects were quite skillful with the
local enhancement cue, no matter who produced it; (ii) few
subjects were skillful with the gaze/point cue, no matter
who produced it (most of these being individuals who had
been raised in infancy by humans); and (iii) most subjects
were skillful when the human gazed and vocalized at the
hiding place, with little difference between the two types
of vocal cue. Findings are discussed in terms of
chimpanzees' apparent need for additional cues, over and
above gaze direction cues, to indicate the presence of
food.},
Doi = {10.1111/1467-7687.00089},
Key = {fds240391}
}
@article{fds240392,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Hare, B and Agnetta, B},
Title = {Chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, follow gaze direction
geometrically},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {58},
Number = {4},
Pages = {769-777},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1999.1192},
Abstract = {Two experiments on chimpanzee gaze following are reported.
In the first, chimpanzee subjects watched as a human
experimenter looked around various types of barriers. The
subjects looked around each of the barriers more when the
human had done so than in a control condition (in which the
human looked-in another direction). In the second
experiment, chimpanzees watched as a human looked towards
the back of their cage. As they turned to follow the human's
gaze a distractor-object was presented. The chimpanzees
looked at the distractor while still following the human's
gaze to the back of the cage. These two experiments
effectively disconfirm the low-level model of chimpanzee
gaze following in which it is claimed that upon seeing
another animate being's gaze direction chimpanzees simply
turn in that direction and look around for something
interesting. Rather, they support the hypothesis that
chimpanzees follow the gaze direction of other animate
beings geometrically to specific locations, in much the same
way as human infants. The degree to which chimpanzees have a
mentalistic interpretation of the gaze and/or visual
experience of others is still an open question.},
Doi = {10.1006/anbe.1999.1192},
Key = {fds240392}
}
@article{fds240390,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Call, J and Hare, B},
Title = {Five primate species follow the visual gaze of
conspecifics},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {55},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1063-1069},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1997.0636},
Abstract = {Individuals from five primate species were tested
experimentally for their ability to follow the visual gaze
of conspecifics to an outside object. Subjects were from
captive social groups of chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, sooty
mangabeys, Cercocebus atys torquatus, rhesus macaques,
Macaca mulatta, stumptail macaques, M. arctoides, and
pigtail macaques, M. nemestrina. Experimental trials
consisted of an experimenter inducing one individual to look
at food being displayed, and then observing the reaction of
another individual (the subject) that was looking at that
individual (not the food). Control trials consisted of an
experimenter displaying the food in an identical manner when
the subject was alone. Individuals from all species reliably
followed the gaze of conspecifics, looking to the food about
80% of the time in experimental trials, compared with about
20% of the time in control trials. Results are discussed in
terms of both the proximate mechanisms that might be
involved and the adaptive functions that might be served by
gaze-following.},
Doi = {10.1006/anbe.1997.0636},
Key = {fds240390}
}
%% Harrington, Arianna
@article{fds335484,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Harrington, AR},
Title = {Scaling of bony canals for encephalic vessels in
euarchontans: Implications for the role of the vertebral
artery and brain metabolism.},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {114},
Pages = {85-101},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.09.003},
Abstract = {Supplying the central nervous system with oxygen and glucose
for metabolic activities is a critical function for all
animals at physiologic, anatomical, and behavioral levels. A
relatively proximate challenge to nourishing the brain is
maintaining adequate blood flow. Euarchontans (primates,
dermopterans and treeshrews) display a diversity of
solutions to this challenge. Although the vertebral artery
is a major encephalic vessel, previous research has
questioned its importance for irrigating the cerebrum. This
presents a puzzling scenario for certain strepsirrhine
primates (non-cheirogaleid lemuriforms) that have reduced
promontorial branches of the internal carotid artery and no
apparent alternative encephalic vascular route except for
the vertebral artery. Here, we present results of
phylogenetic comparative analyses of data on the
cross-sectional area of bony canals that transmit the
vertebral artery (transverse foramina). These results show
that, across primates (and within major primate subgroups),
variation in the transverse foramina helps significantly to
explain variation in forebrain mass even when variation in
promontorial canal cross-sectional areas are also
considered. Furthermore, non-cheirogaleid lemuriforms have
larger transverse foramina for their endocranial volume than
other euarchontans, suggesting that the vertebral arteries
compensate for reduced promontorial artery size. We also
find that, among internal carotid-reliant euarchontans,
species that are more encephalized tend to have a
promontorial canal that is larger relative to the transverse
foramina. Tentatively, we consider the correlation between
arterial canal diameters (as a proxy for blood flow) and
brain metabolic demands. The results of this analysis imply
that human investment in brain metabolism (∼27% of basal
metabolic rate) may not be exceptional among
euarchontans.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.09.003},
Key = {fds335484}
}
@article{fds328901,
Author = {Pampush, JD and Spradley, JP and Morse, PE and Harrington, AR and Allen,
KL and Boyer, DM and Kay, RF},
Title = {Wear and its effects on dental topography measures in
howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata).},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {161},
Number = {4},
Pages = {705-721},
Year = {2016},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23077},
Abstract = {Three dental topography measurements: Dirichlet Normal
Energy (DNE), Relief Index (RFI), and Orientation Patch
Count Rotated (OPCR) are examined for their interaction with
measures of wear, within and between upper and lower molars
in Alouatta palliata. Potential inferences of the "dental
sculpting" phenomenon are explored.Fifteen occluding pairs
of howling monkey first molars (15 upper, 15 lower)
opportunistically collected from La Pacifica, Costa Rica,
were selected to sample wear stages ranging from unworn to
heavily worn as measured by the Dentine Exposure Ratio
(DER). DNE, RFI, and OPCR were measured from
three-dimensional surface reconstructions (PLY files)
derived from high-resolution CT scans. Relationships among
the variables were tested with regression analyses.Upper
molars have more cutting edges, exhibiting significantly
higher DNE, but have significantly lower RFI values.
However, the relationships among the measures are concordant
across both sets of molars. DER and EDJL are curvilinearly
related. DER is positively correlated with DNE, negatively
correlated with RFI, and uncorrelated with OPCR. EDJL is not
correlated with DNE, or RFI, but is positively correlated
with OPCR among lower molars only.The relationships among
these metrics suggest that howling monkey teeth adaptively
engage macrowear. DNE increases with wear in this sample
presumably improving food breakdown. RFI is initially high
but declines with wear, suggesting that the initially high
RFI safeguards against dental senescence. OPCR values in
howling monkey teeth do not show a clear relationship with
wear changes.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23077},
Key = {fds328901}
}
@article{fds324036,
Author = {Harrington, AR and Silcox, MT and Yapuncich, GS and Boyer, DM and Bloch,
JI},
Title = {First virtual endocasts of adapiform primates.},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {99},
Pages = {52-78},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.06.005},
Abstract = {Well-preserved crania of notharctine adapiforms from the
Eocene of North America provide the best direct evidence
available for inferring neuroanatomy and encephalization in
early euprimates (crown primates). Virtual endocasts of the
notharctines Notharctus tenebrosus (n = 3) and Smilodectes
gracilis (n = 4) from the middle Eocene Bridger formation
of Wyoming, and the late Eocene European adapid adapiform
Adapis parisiensis (n = 1), were reconstructed from
high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (CT) data. While
the three species share many neuroanatomical similarities
differentiating them from plesiadapiforms (stem primates)
and extant euprimates, our sample of N. tenebrosus displays
more variation than that of S. gracilis, possibly related
to differences in the patterns of cranial sexual dimorphism
or within-lineage evolution. Body masses predicted from
associated teeth suggest that N. tenebrosus was larger and
had a lower encephalization quotient (EQ) than S. gracilis,
despite their close relationship and similar inferred
ecologies. Meanwhile, body masses predicted from cranial
length of the same specimens suggest that the two species
were more similar, with overlapping body mass and EQ,
although S. gracilis exhibits a range of EQs shifted
upwards relative to that of N. tenebrosus. While associated
data from other parts of the skeleton are mostly lacking for
specimens included in this study, measurements for
unassociated postcrania attributed to these species yield
body mass and EQ estimates that are also more similar to
each other than those based on teeth. Regardless of the body
mass prediction method used, results suggest that the
average EQ of adapiforms was similar to that of
plesiadapiforms, only overlapped the lower quadrant for the
range of extant strepsirrhines, and did not overlap with the
range of extant haplorhines. However, structural changes
evident in these endocasts suggest that early euprimates
relied more on vision than olfaction relative to
plesiadapiforms, despite having relatively small endocranial
volumes compared to extant taxa.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.06.005},
Key = {fds324036}
}
@article{fds328902,
Author = {Bloch, JI and Woodruff, ED and Wood, AR and Rincon, AF and Harrington,
AR and Morgan, GS and Foster, DA and Montes, C and Jaramillo, CA and Jud,
NA and Jones, DS and MacFadden, BJ},
Title = {First North American fossil monkey and early Miocene
tropical biotic interchange.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {533},
Number = {7602},
Pages = {243-246},
Year = {2016},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature17415},
Abstract = {New World monkeys (platyrrhines) are a diverse part of
modern tropical ecosystems in North and South America, yet
their early evolutionary history in the tropics is largely
unknown. Molecular divergence estimates suggest that
primates arrived in tropical Central America, the
southern-most extent of the North American landmass, with
several dispersals from South America starting with the
emergence of the Isthmus of Panama 3-4 million years ago
(Ma). The complete absence of primate fossils from Central
America has, however, limited our understanding of their
history in the New World. Here we present the first
description of a fossil monkey recovered from the North
American landmass, the oldest known crown platyrrhine, from
a precisely dated 20.9-Ma layer in the Las Cascadas
Formation in the Panama Canal Basin, Panama. This discovery
suggests that family-level diversification of extant New
World monkeys occurred in the tropics, with new divergence
estimates for Cebidae between 22 and 25 Ma, and provides
the oldest fossil evidence for mammalian interchange between
South and North America. The timing is consistent with
recent tectonic reconstructions of a relatively narrow
Central American Seaway in the early Miocene epoch,
coincident with over-water dispersals inferred for many
other groups of animals and plants. Discovery of an early
Miocene primate in Panama provides evidence for a
circum-Caribbean tropical distribution of New World monkeys
by this time, with ocean barriers not wholly restricting
their northward movements, requiring a complex set of
ecological factors to explain their absence in well-sampled
similarly aged localities at higher latitudes of North
America.},
Doi = {10.1038/nature17415},
Key = {fds328902}
}
%% Harris, Rachel
@misc{fds311834,
Author = {Harris, R and Cameron, EZ and Davies, NW and Nicol,
SC},
Title = {Chemical Cues, Hibernation and Reproduction in Female
Short-Beaked Echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus setosus):
Implications for Sexual Conflict},
Pages = {145-166},
Booktitle = {Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 13},
Publisher = {SPRINGER},
Editor = {Schulte, BA and Goodwin, TE and Ferkin, MH},
Year = {2015},
Month = {December},
ISBN = {3319220268},
url = {http://www.springer.com/la/book/9783319220253},
Abstract = {Chemical Cues, Hibernation and Reproduction in Female
Short-Beaked Echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus setosus):
Implications for Sexual Conflict},
Key = {fds311834}
}
@article{fds311844,
Author = {Carver, S and Beatty, JA and Troyer, RM and Harris, RL and Stutzman-Rodriguez, K and Barrs, VR and Chan, CC and Tasker, S and Lappin, MR and VandeWoude, S},
Title = {Closing the gap on causal processes of infection risk from
cross-sectional data: structural equation models to
understand infection and co-infection},
Journal = {Parasites & Vectors},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Year = {2015},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-1274-7},
Doi = {10.1186/s13071-015-1274-7},
Key = {fds311844}
}
@article{fds311831,
Author = {Carver, S and Mills, JN and Parmenter, CA and Parmenter, RR and Richardson, KS and Harris, RL and Douglass, RJ and Kuenzi, AJ and Luis,
AD},
Title = {Toward a Mechanistic Understanding of Environmentally Forced
Zoonotic Disease Emergence: Sin Nombre Hantavirus},
Journal = {Bioscience},
Volume = {65},
Number = {7},
Pages = {651-666},
Year = {2015},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0006-3568},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biv047},
Doi = {10.1093/biosci/biv047},
Key = {fds311831}
}
@article{fds311833,
Author = {Harris, RL and Holland, BR and Cameron, EZ and Davies, NW and Nicol,
SC},
Title = {Chemical signals in the echidna: differences between
seasons, sexes, individuals and gland types},
Journal = {Journal of Zoology},
Volume = {293},
Number = {3},
Pages = {171-180},
Year = {2014},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0952-8369},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12133},
Doi = {10.1111/jzo.12133},
Key = {fds311833}
}
@article{fds311843,
Author = {Harris, RL and Nicol, SC},
Title = {Observations of breeding behaviour and possible infanticide
in a wild population of Tasmanian echidnas (Tachyglossus
aculeatus setosus)},
Journal = {Australian Mammalogy},
Volume = {36},
Number = {1},
Pages = {108-108},
Year = {2014},
ISSN = {0310-0049},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/AM13011},
Doi = {10.1071/AM13011},
Key = {fds311843}
}
@article{fds311842,
Author = {Harris, RL and Davies, NW and Nicol, SC},
Title = {Identification of desmostanol as a novel vertebrate sterol
in short-beaked echidna secretions},
Journal = {Australian Mammalogy},
Volume = {35},
Number = {2},
Pages = {255-255},
Year = {2013},
ISSN = {0310-0049},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/AM13002},
Doi = {10.1071/AM13002},
Key = {fds311842}
}
@article{fds311832,
Author = {Harris, RL and Davies, NW and Nicol, SC},
Title = {Chemical Composition of Odorous Secretions in the Tasmanian
Short-Beaked Echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus
setosus)},
Journal = {Chemical Senses},
Volume = {37},
Number = {9},
Pages = {819-836},
Year = {2012},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0379-864X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjs066},
Doi = {10.1093/chemse/bjs066},
Key = {fds311832}
}
@article{fds311841,
Author = {Harris, RL and Nicol, SC},
Title = {The effectiveness of hair traps for surveying mammals:
results of a study in sandstone caves in the Tasmanian
southern midlands},
Journal = {Australian Mammalogy},
Volume = {32},
Number = {1},
Pages = {62-62},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {0310-0049},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/AM09019},
Doi = {10.1071/AM09019},
Key = {fds311841}
}
%% Hartstone Ros, Adam
@article{fds144707,
Author = {Churchill SE and Berger LR and Hartstone-Rose A and Zondo
BH},
Title = {Body size in African Middle Pleistocene Homo},
Booktitle = {Proceedings of the African Genesis Conference.},
Publisher = {University of the Witwatersrand Press},
Editor = {SC Reynolds and CG Menter},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds144707}
}
@article{fds144708,
Title = {More than a dozen presentations and guest lectures including
recently},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds144708}
}
@article{fds144709,
Author = {Hartstone-Rose A and Perry JMG},
Title = {Masticatory anatomy of felids: stretch, strength and
osteological correlates of muscle architecture.},
Journal = {of the 8th International Congress of Vertebrate
Morphology},
Year = {2007},
Month = {August},
Key = {fds144709}
}
@article{fds69193,
Author = {Hartstone-Rose A and Perry JMG},
Title = {Comparative anatomy of the felid masticatory
system},
Journal = {The Anatomical Record},
Year = {2007},
Month = {July},
Abstract = {While all cats (Felidae) are carnivorous, some are strictly
flesh eaters whereas others also consume hard tissues. We
looked for these behavioral signals in the masticatory
anatomy through dissection of nine cat species in five
genera ranging from 4-200 kg. We recorded the weight of each
of the mandibular adductors of 17 specimens. Muscles were
chemically dissected to calculate fiber length and
physiological cross-sectional area. Extensive craniodental
data were also collected. The chewing muscles are remarkably
simple, lacking the elaborate compartmentalization seen in
some mammalian lineages. This is probably related to the
fact that cats generally chew only in the vertical plane.
Along with bony constraints, the zygomaticomandibularis
likely stabilizes the jaw joint against mandibular
protraction, perhaps replacing the lateral pterygoid which
is very small in felids. We saw no clear relationship
between muscle dimensions and carcass-processing behavior.
Rather, body size correlates nearly perfectly (r2 =
0.966-0.981) with individual muscle mass for all muscles
studied. Thus, the weight of any masticatory muscle gives a
better estimate of body weight than most traditional
proxies. As such, the correlation of muscle mass and
osteological markers has important implications for
estimation of extinct felid body size. Other aspects of
muscle architecture may yield behavioral
information.},
Key = {fds69193}
}
@article{fds69194,
Author = {Cartmill M and Schmitt D and Hartstone-Rose A},
Title = {Explaining primate gaits: A carnivoran test
case},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {Suppl. 44},
Pages = {84},
Year = {2007},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds69194}
}
@article{fds144711,
Author = {Perry JMG and Hartstone-Rose A},
Title = {Chewing muscle architecture and bite size in
lemurs.},
Journal = {The Anatomical Record},
Year = {2007},
Month = {July},
Abstract = {While all cats (Felidae) are carnivorous, some are strictly
flesh eaters whereas others also consume hard tissues. We
looked for these behavioral signals in the masticatory
anatomy through dissection of nine cat species in five
genera ranging from 4-200 kg. We recorded the weight of each
of the mandibular adductors of 17 specimens. Muscles were
chemically dissected to calculate fiber length and
physiological cross-sectional area. Extensive craniodental
data were also collected. The chewing muscles are remarkably
simple, lacking the elaborate compartmentalization seen in
some mammalian lineages. This is probably related to the
fact that cats generally chew only in the vertical plane.
Along with bony constraints, the zygomaticomandibularis
likely stabilizes the jaw joint against mandibular
protraction, perhaps replacing the lateral pterygoid which
is very small in felids. We saw no clear relationship
between muscle dimensions and carcass-processing behavior.
Rather, body size correlates nearly perfectly (r2 =
0.966-0.981) with individual muscle mass for all muscles
studied. Thus, the weight of any masticatory muscle gives a
better estimate of body weight than most traditional
proxies. As such, the correlation of muscle mass and
osteological markers has important implications for
estimation of extinct felid body size. Other aspects of
muscle architecture may yield behavioral
information.},
Key = {fds144711}
}
@article{fds144710,
Author = {Perry JMG and Hartstone-Rose A},
Title = {Preferred bite size: a behaviorally-significant measure of
gape in strepsirrhine primates.},
Journal = {of the 8th International Congress of Vertebrate
Morphology},
Year = {2007},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds144710}
}
@article{fds69191,
Author = {Hartstone-Rose A and DeRuiter D and Berger L and Churchill
S.},
Title = {A Saber-Tooth Felid from Coopers Cave (Gauteng, South
Africa) and Its Implications for Megantereon (Felidae,
Machairodontinae) Taxonomy.},
Journal = {Paleontologica Africana},
Year = {2007},
Month = {February},
Keywords = {saber-tooth sabre-tooth Plio-Pleistocene paleontology
carnivore},
Abstract = {Metrical and morphological analysis of a new saber-tooth
felid mandible recovered from the Plio-Pleistocene
hominid-bearing site of Coopers, South Africa indicates that
it can be assigned to the genus Megantereon, though it is by
some measures the smallest individual of this taxon yet
described. Comparison of morphological variability within
this genus to that found within four extant, medium sized
felid species (Acinonyx jubatus, Neofelis nebulosa, Panthera
pardus, and P. uncia) and the extinct genus Smilodon (sister
taxon of Megantereon) provides confirmation of the
suggestion by Martínez-Navarro and Palmqvist (1995, 1996)
that Megantereon is a geographically polymorphic genus
comprised of at least two species: M. cultridens (Cuvier,
1824) of North America, and Europe, and M. whitei (Broom,
1937) of Africa and Europe.},
Key = {fds69191}
}
@article{fds69196,
Author = {Hartstone-Rose A and Perry JMG},
Title = {Intraspecific scaling of preferred bite size in
strepsirrhines and a narrow allometric comparison of
preferred bite size in a frugivore and a
folivore},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {Suppl. 44},
Pages = {126},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds69196}
}
@article{fds53437,
Author = {A. Hartstone-Rose.},
Title = {“Our Australian Cousins”},
Journal = {Vertices (Duke University Journal of Science and
Technology).},
Year = {2001},
Month = {Spring},
Key = {fds53437}
}
@article{fds53438,
Author = {A. Hartstone-Rose.},
Title = {“Extantion: Transcending the Extinction
Barrier”},
Journal = {Vertices (Duke University Journal of Science and
Technology).},
Year = {2000},
Month = {Winter},
Key = {fds53438}
}
%% Herrera, James
@article{fds345406,
Author = {Herrera, J and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Behavioural ecology and infectious disease: implications for
conservation of biodiversity.},
Journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological Sciences},
Volume = {374},
Number = {1781},
Pages = {20180054},
Year = {2019},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0054},
Abstract = {Behaviour underpins interactions among conspecifics and
between species, with consequences for the transmission of
disease-causing parasites. Because many parasites lead to
declines in population size and increased risk of extinction
for threatened species, understanding the link between host
behaviour and disease transmission is particularly important
for conservation management. Here, we consider the
intersection of behaviour, ecology and parasite
transmission, broadly encompassing micro- and
macroparasites. We focus on behaviours that have direct
impacts on transmission, as well as the behaviours that
result from infection. Given the important role of parasites
in host survival and reproduction, the effects of behaviour
on parasitism can scale up to population-level processes,
thus affecting species conservation. Understanding how
conservation and infectious disease control strategies
actually affect transmission potential can therefore often
only be understood through a behavioural lens. We highlight
how behavioural perspectives of disease ecology apply to
conservation by reviewing the different ways that
behavioural ecology influences parasite transmission and
conservation goals. This article is part of the theme issue
'Linking behaviour to dynamics of populations and
communities: application of novel approaches in behavioural
ecology to conservation'.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2018.0054},
Key = {fds345406}
}
@article{fds344740,
Author = {Herrera, JP and Chakraborty, D and Rushmore, J and Altizer, S and Nunn,
C},
Title = {The changing ecology of primate parasites: Insights from
wild-captive comparisons.},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {81},
Number = {7},
Pages = {e22991},
Year = {2019},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22991},
Abstract = {Host movements, including migrations or range expansions,
are known to influence parasite communities. Transitions to
captivity-a rarely studied yet widespread human-driven host
movement-can also change parasite communities, in some cases
leading to pathogen spillover among wildlife species, or
between wildlife and human hosts. We compared parasite
species richness between wild and captive populations of 22
primate species, including macro- (helminths and arthropods)
and micro-parasites (viruses, protozoa, bacteria, and
fungi). We predicted that captive primates would have only a
subset of their native parasite community, and would possess
fewer parasites with complex life cycles requiring
intermediate hosts or vectors. We further predicted that
captive primates would have parasites transmitted by close
contact and environmentally-including those shared with
humans and other animals, such as commensals and pests. We
found that the composition of primate parasite communities
shifted in captive populations, especially because of
turnover (parasites detected in captivity but not reported
in the wild), but with some evidence of nestedness
(holdovers from the wild). Because of the high degree of
turnover, we found no significant difference in overall
parasite richness between captive and wild primates.
Vector-borne parasites were less likely to be found in
captivity, whereas parasites transmitted through either
close or non-close contact, including through fecal-oral
transmission, were more likely to be newly detected in
captivity. These findings identify parasites that require
monitoring in captivity and raise concerns about the
introduction of novel parasites to potentially susceptible
wildlife populations during reintroduction
programs.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.22991},
Key = {fds344740}
}
@article{fds339739,
Author = {Herrera, JP and Borgerson, C and Tongasoa, L and Andriamahazoarivosoa,
P and Rasolofoniaina, BJR and Rakotondrafarasata, ER and Randrianasolo, JLRR and Johnson, SE and Wright, PC and Golden,
CD},
Title = {Estimating the population size of lemurs based on their
mutualistic food trees},
Journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
Volume = {45},
Number = {11},
Pages = {2546-2563},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13409},
Abstract = {© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Aim: Species’ distributions
and abundances are primarily determined by the suitability
of environmental conditions, including climate and
interactions with sympatric species, but also increasingly
by human activities. Modelling tools can help in assessing
the extinction risk of affected species. By combining
species distribution modelling of abiotic and biotic niches
with population size modelling, we estimated the abundance
of 19 lemur taxa in three regions, especially focusing on 10
species that are considered Endangered or Critically
Endangered. Location: Madagascar. Taxa: Lemurs (Primates)
and angiosperm trees. Methods: We used climate data, field
samples, and published occurrence data on trees to construct
species distribution models (SDM) for lemur food tree
species. We then inferred the SDMs for lemurs based on the
probability of occurrence of their food trees as well as
climate. Finally, we used tree SDMs, topography, distance to
the forest edge, and field estimates of lemur population
density to predict lemur abundance in general linear models.
Results: The SDMs of lemur food trees were stronger
predictors of the occurrence of lemurs than climate. The
predicted probability of presence of food trees, slope,
elevation, and distance from the forest edge were
significant correlates of lemur density. We found that
sixteen species had minimum estimated abundances greater
than 10,000 individuals over >1,000km2. Three lemur species
are especially threatened, with less than 2,500 individuals
predicted for Cheirogaleus sibreei, and heavy hunting
pressure for the relatively small populations of Indri indri
and Hapalemur occidentalis. Main conclusions: Biotic
interactors were important variables in SDMs for lemurs,
allowing refined estimates of ranges and abundances. This
paper provides an analytical workflow that can be applied to
other taxonomic groups to substantiate estimates of
species’ vulnerability to extinction.},
Doi = {10.1111/jbi.13409},
Key = {fds339739}
}
@article{fds337584,
Author = {Herrera, JP},
Title = {Primate diversification inferred from phylogenies and
fossils.},
Journal = {Evolution; International Journal of Organic
Evolution},
Volume = {71},
Number = {12},
Pages = {2845-2857},
Year = {2017},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evo.13366},
Abstract = {Biodiversity arises from the balance between speciation and
extinction. Fossils record the origins and disappearance of
organisms, and the branching patterns of molecular
phylogenies allow estimation of speciation and extinction
rates, but the patterns of diversification are frequently
incongruent between these two data sources. I tested two
hypotheses about the diversification of primates based on
∼600 fossil species and 90% complete phylogenies of living
species: (1) diversification rates increased through time;
(2) a significant extinction event occurred in the
Oligocene. Consistent with the first hypothesis, analyses of
phylogenies supported increasing speciation rates and
negligible extinction rates. In contrast, fossils showed
that while speciation rates increased, speciation and
extinction rates tended to be nearly equal, resulting in
zero net diversification. Partially supporting the second
hypothesis, the fossil data recorded a clear pattern of
diversity decline in the Oligocene, although diversification
rates were near zero. The phylogeny supported increased
extinction ∼34 Ma, but also elevated extinction ∼10 Ma,
coinciding with diversity declines in some fossil clades.
The results demonstrated that estimates of speciation and
extinction ignoring fossils are insufficient to infer
diversification and information on extinct lineages should
be incorporated into phylogenetic analyses.},
Doi = {10.1111/evo.13366},
Key = {fds337584}
}
@article{fds337585,
Author = {Herrera, JP},
Title = {The Effects of Biogeography and Biotic Interactions on Lemur
Community Assembly},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {38},
Number = {4},
Pages = {692-716},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2017},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-017-9974-9},
Abstract = {© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. Geographic
patterns of biodiversity result from broad-scale
biogeographic and present-day ecological processes. The aim
of this study was to investigate the relative importance of
biogeographic history and ecology driving patterns of
diversity in modern primate communities in Madagascar. I
collected data on endemic lemur species co-occurrence from
range maps and survey literature for 100 communities in
protected areas. I quantified and compared taxonomic,
phylogenetic, and functional dimensions of intra- and
intersite diversity. I tested environmental and geographic
predictors of diversity and endemism. I calculated
deforestation rates within protected areas between the years
2000 and 2014, and tested if diversity is related to forest
cover and loss. I found the phylogenetic structure of lemur
communities could be explained primarily by remotely sensed
plant productivity, supporting the hypothesis that there was
ecological differentiation among ecoregions, while
functional-trait disparity was not strongly related to
environment. Taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity also
increased with increasing topographic heterogeneity. Beta
diversity was explained by both differences in ecology among
localities and potential river barriers. Approximately
3000 km2 were deforested in protected areas since the year
2000, threatening the most diverse communities (up to
31%/park). The strong positive association of plant
productivity and topographic heterogeneity with lemur
diversity indicates that high productivity, rugged
landscapes support greater diversity. Both ecology and river
barriers influenced lemur community ecology and
biogeography. These results underscore the need for focused
conservation efforts to slow the loss of irreplaceable
evolutionary and ecological diversity.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-017-9974-9},
Key = {fds337585}
}
@article{fds337586,
Author = {Herrera, JP},
Title = {Prioritizing protected areas in Madagascar for lemur
diversity using a multidimensional perspective},
Journal = {Biological Conservation},
Volume = {207},
Pages = {1-8},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2017},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.12.028},
Abstract = {© 2017 Elsevier Ltd Biodiversity is affected by
anthropogenic activities, with a trend of decreasing species
richness with habitat degradation. Decreasing species
richness erodes evolutionary history and ecosystem function,
but taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity can
have contrasting patterns. It is essential to measure these
dimensions of biodiversity explicitly and assess how they
are valued in prioritizing protected areas (PAs) to conserve
diversity. Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot, with high
diversity and endemism coupled with heavy anthropogenic
pressure. The endemic primates – lemurs – are the most
endangered mammal taxon. A recent action plan prioritized
PAs based on lemur species richness, weighted by
endangerment. This scheme does not capture the evolutionary,
functional, or biogeographic components of biodiversity, nor
does it directly assess the level of human threat to those
PAs. I compiled the largest dataset on lemur community
composition in 100 PAs, including almost all lemur species
(98 species). I combined data on lemur occurrence, their
phylogeny, functional traits, IUCN Red List status, and
environmental variables including deforestation between the
years 2000 and 2014. I ranked PAs based on 14 metrics as
well as the sum of metrics to determine how PA priorities
compare under different valuation schemes. Based on the sum
of seven metrics, I identified the top 25 PAs for lemur
conservation. With these priority rankings, I propose areas
of high lemur diversity, habitat heterogeneity and
productivity, and deforestation be the focus of future
conservation activities to maximize community resilience and
prevent the erosion of evolutionary diversity and ecosystem
function.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2016.12.028},
Key = {fds337586}
}
@article{fds337587,
Author = {Herrera, JP},
Title = {Testing the adaptive radiation hypothesis for the lemurs of
Madagascar.},
Journal = {Royal Society Open Science},
Volume = {4},
Number = {1},
Pages = {161014},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.161014},
Abstract = {Lemurs, the diverse, endemic primates of Madagascar, are
thought to represent a classic example of adaptive
radiation. Based on the most complete phylogeny of living
and extinct lemurs yet assembled, I tested predictions of
adaptive radiation theory by estimating rates of speciation,
extinction and adaptive phenotypic evolution. As predicted,
lemur speciation rate exceeded that of their sister clade by
nearly twofold, indicating the diversification dynamics of
lemurs and mainland relatives may have been decoupled. Lemur
diversification rates did not decline over time, however, as
predicted by adaptive radiation theory. Optimal body masses
diverged among dietary and activity pattern niches as
lineages diversified into unique multidimensional ecospace.
Based on these results, lemurs only partially fulfil the
predictions of adaptive radiation theory, with phenotypic
evolution corresponding to an 'early burst' of adaptive
differentiation. The results must be interpreted with
caution, however, because over the long evolutionary history
of lemurs (approx. 50 million years), the 'early burst'
signal of adaptive radiation may have been eroded by
extinction.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsos.161014},
Key = {fds337587}
}
%% Hogue, Aaron S
@article{fds28803,
Author = {Ravosa, M. J. and A. S. Hogue},
Title = {Function and fusion of the mandibular symphysis in mammals:
A comparative and experimental perspective},
Pages = {413-462},
Booktitle = {Anthropoid Origins: New Visions},
Publisher = {Plenum Publishing Corporation: New York},
Editor = {C. Ross and R. F. Kay},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds28803}
}
@article{fds28804,
Author = {Hogue, AS},
Title = {Molar shear crests as dietary indicators: Evidence from
primate ecological analogs},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {123},
Pages = {114},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds28804}
}
@article{fds28811,
Author = {Hogue, AS},
Title = {Molar Shear Crests as Dietary Indicators: Evidence from
Primate Ecological Analogs},
Publisher = {Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical
Anthropologists, Tampa, Florida},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds28811}
}
@article{fds28812,
Author = {Hogue, AS},
Title = {You Are What You Eat: The Relationship Between Dental Form &
Diet},
Publisher = {Department of Biology. James Madison University.
Harrisonburg, Virginia},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds28812}
}
@article{fds28813,
Author = {Hogue, AS},
Title = {You Are What You Eat: Lessons from Marsupial Craniodental
Morphlogy},
Publisher = {Graduate Student and Postdoctoral Fellow Research
Presentation, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology,
Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University,
Chicago, Illinois},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds28813}
}
@article{fds28805,
Author = {Hogue, AS and Ravosa, MJ},
Title = {Transverse masticatory movements, occlusal orientation and
symphyseal fusion in selenodont artiodactyls},
Volume = {249},
Pages = {221-241},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds28805}
}
@article{fds28806,
Author = {Hogue, AS and Ravosa, MJ},
Title = {Mandibular symphyseal fusion in mammals: a test of competing
hypotheses},
Journal = {American Zoologist},
Volume = {40},
Pages = {1061},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds28806}
}
@article{fds28814,
Author = {Hogue, AS},
Title = {Morphological Indicators of Diet in Mammals with Special
Reference to Marsupials},
Publisher = {Graduate Student and Postdoctoral Fellow Research
Presentation, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology,
Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University,
Chicago, Illinois},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds28814}
}
@article{fds28815,
Author = {Hogue, AS},
Title = {Mandibular Symphyseal Fusion in Mammals: A Test of Competing
Hypotheses},
Publisher = {.” Society for Integrative & Comparative Biology Annual
Meeting, Chicago, Illinois},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds28815}
}
@article{fds28807,
Author = {Hogue, AS and Ravosa, MJ},
Title = {Transverse masticatory movements and symphyseal fusion:
evidence from artiodactyl occlusal wear facets},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {Suppl. 30},
Pages = {180-181},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds28807}
}
@article{fds28816,
Author = {Hogue, AS},
Title = {Transverse masticatory movements and symphyseal fusion:
evidence from artiodactyl occlusal wear facets},
Publisher = {Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical
Anthropologists, San Antonio, Texas},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds28816}
}
@article{fds28817,
Author = {Hogue, AS},
Title = {Morphology, Paleontology & the Origin of Modern
Mammals},
Publisher = {Lectures in the Life Sciences series, Northwestern
University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds28817}
}
%% Holmes, Megan A.
@article{fds375368,
Author = {Laird, MF and Kanno, CM and Yoakum, CB and Fogaça, MD and Taylor, AB and Ross, CF and Chalk-Wilayto, J and Holmes, MA and Terhune, CE and de
Oliveira, JA},
Title = {Ontogenetic changes in bite force and gape in tufted
capuchins.},
Journal = {J Exp Biol},
Volume = {226},
Number = {15},
Year = {2023},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.245972},
Abstract = {Bite force and gape are two important performance metrics of
the feeding system, and these metrics are inversely related
for a given muscle size because of fundamental constraints
in sarcomere length-tension relationships. How these
competing performance metrics change in developing primates
is largely unknown. Here, we quantified in vivo bite forces
and gapes across ontogeny and examined these data in
relation to body mass and cranial measurements in captive
tufted capuchins, Sapajus spp. Bite force and gape were also
compared across geometric and mechanical properties of
mechanically challenging foods to investigate relationships
between bite force, gape and food accessibility (defined
here as the ability to breach shelled nuts). Bite forces at
a range of gapes and feeding behavioral data were collected
from a cross-sectional ontogenetic series of 20 captive and
semi-wild tufted capuchins at the Núcleo de Procriação de
Macacos-Prego Research Center in Araçatuba, Brazil. These
data were paired with body mass, photogrammetric measures of
jaw length and facial width, and food geometric and material
properties. Tufted capuchins with larger body masses had
absolutely higher in vivo bite forces and gapes, and animals
with wider faces had absolutely higher bite forces. Bite
forces and gapes were significantly smaller in juveniles
compared with subadults and adults. These are the first
primate data to empirically demonstrate the gapes at which
maximum active bite force is generated and to demonstrate
relationships to food accessibility. These data advance our
understanding of how primates meet the changing performance
demands of the feeding system during development.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.245972},
Key = {fds375368}
}
@article{fds363682,
Author = {Ogg, ML and Pennings, AN and McNulty, MA and Holmes, MA and Mussell, JC and DeLeon, VB},
Title = {Increased Integration in Mutant Mice: An Analysis of the
Patterns of Covariance through Ontogeny in Fgfr2
Mice},
Journal = {FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of
American Societies for Experimental Biology},
Volume = {36},
Year = {2022},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.S1.R5905},
Abstract = {Mutations in the FGF/FGFR2 gene result in the premature
fusion of fibrous and cartilaginous joints in the skull.
This results in profound morphological changes in the skulls
of both humans and mice with these mutations. Previous
studies have indicated that morphological integration of the
skull is expected to become more pronounced in dysmorphic
syndromes, including FGFR2 syndromes which result in
craniosynostosis. In this study, our objective was to test
two hypotheses: 1) that the magnitude of morphological
integration was greater in Fgfr2C342Y/+ mutant mice relative
to wild-type littermates; and 2) that the magnitude of
morphological integration would increase through ontogeny.
Our sample included Fgfr2C342Y/+ mutants and wild-type
littermates at postnatal day 14 (P14) and adult stages. We
used micro-computed tomography (microCT) scans to create
image volumes of the skull. Virtual reconstructions of the
cranium were produced in 3DSlicer software, using volume
renders based on tissue densities to define the surface of
the bone. We collected coordinate data for 38 biologically
homologous landmarks with approximately equal distribution
across face and neurocranium. All morphometric analyses were
conducted using the geomorph package in R. The sample was
subdivided by Age and Genotype. Landmark coordinates were
divided into face and neurocranium modules. Coordinate data
for each subset were superimposed with object symmetry using
the bilat.symmetry() function. Covariance across modules was
tested using the two.b.pls() function for each sample
subset. Results confirmed our expectation that the magnitude
of covariation between face and neurocranium increased in
the mutant sample relative to the wild-type sample at both
timepoints. Surprisingly, within the mutant sample,
integration between face and neurocranium was greater in the
younger P14 mice than the older adults. Results of this
study can be used to inform researchers about patterns of
covariance that can be applied to better understand
craniosynostosis syndromes that affect humans.},
Doi = {10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.S1.R5905},
Key = {fds363682}
}
@article{fds363683,
Author = {Pennings, AN and Ogg, ML and McNulty, MA and Holmes, MA and Mussell, JC and DeLeon, VB},
Title = {Cranial Dysmorphology in the Palatine, Vomer, and Pterygoid
Plates of Fgfr2mice},
Journal = {FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of
American Societies for Experimental Biology},
Volume = {36},
Year = {2022},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.S1.R4223},
Abstract = {The fibroblast growth factor and receptor system (FGF/FGFR)
regulates cell proliferation and differentiation for various
tissue types in the body - including osseous tissue.
Mutations in the FGFR2 gene are associated with
craniosynostosis, leading to alterations of the shape of
bones in the head and face. We have previously demonstrated
premature fusion of the spheno-septal synchondrosis in
Fgfr2C342Y/+ mice, a model for Crouzon syndrome. Here, we
further describe the specific morphology of individual bones
as a result of the Fgfr2C342Y/+ mutation. We used microCT
scans of mutant and wild-type littermates at two
developmental stages (adult and postnatal day 14) to create
3D virtual reconstructions of the skull in the program
3DSlicer. After transforming each scan to a uniform,
orthogonal orientation, we collected coordinate data for 38
fixed craniometric landmarks to estimate the shape of the
cranium. We used the geomorphpackage in R to perform a
Procrustes superimposition and principal components analysis
(PCA). We used the resulting shape coordinates in a two-way
Procrustes ANOVA to test the effects of Age and Genotype. In
addition, we isolated key cranial elements (palatine, vomer,
and pterygoid plates of the sphenoid) to compare between
genotype groups at the P14 stage using a mesh-to-mesh
comparison. This allowed us to test our expectation that
fusion of the spheno-septal synchondrosis has a greater
impact on the vomer than on the palatines or pterygoid
plates. Our morphometric analysis and two-way Procrustes
ANOVA confirmed previous reports of statistically
significant cranial shape differences between wild-type and
Fgfr2 mutants at both timepoints. Vomer shape was
significantly altered in the mutant P14 cranium when
compared to other key cranial elements (palatine, and
sphenoidal pterygoid plates), suggesting that fusion of the
spheno-septal synchondrosis has a greater impact on the
vomer compared to the other bones in the skull. Our
mesh-to-mesh comparison showed that the vomer is both
dorso-ventrally and rostro-caudally compressed in mutants
relative to wild-type mice at this early stage.
Additionally, the palato-sphenoid suture appears prematurely
fused in the mutants. This study provides insight into the
skeletal phenotypic mechanisms that characterize diseases
involving mutations of the FGFR2 gene, such as Crouzon
syndrome. The dysmorphology of individual bones affect other
osseous structures due to morphological integration within
the skull. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of the
phenotypic expression of FGFR2 syndromes supports further
translational research.},
Doi = {10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.S1.R4223},
Key = {fds363683}
}
@article{fds358879,
Author = {Holmes, M and Taylor, AB},
Title = {The influence of jaw-muscle fibre-type phenotypes on
estimating maximum muscle and bite forces in
primates.},
Journal = {Interface Focus},
Volume = {11},
Number = {5},
Pages = {20210009},
Publisher = {The Royal Society},
Year = {2021},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2021.0009},
Abstract = {Numerous anthropological studies have been aimed at
estimating jaw-adductor muscle forces, which, in turn, are
used to estimate bite force. While primate jaw adductors
show considerable intra- and intermuscular heterogeneity in
fibre types, studies generally model jaw-muscle forces by
treating the jaw adductors as either homogeneously slow or
homogeneously fast muscles. Here, we provide a novel
extension of such studies by integrating fibre architecture,
fibre types and fibre-specific tensions to estimate maximum
muscle forces in the masseter and temporalis of five
anthropoid primates: Sapajus apella (N = 3), Cercocebus atys
(N = 4), Macaca fascicularis (N = 3), Gorilla gorilla (N =
1) and Pan troglodytes (N = 2). We calculated maximum muscle
forces by proportionally adjusting muscle physiological
cross-sectional areas by their fibre types and associated
specific tensions. Our results show that the jaw adductors
of our sample ubiquitously express MHC α-cardiac, which has
low specific tension, and hybrid fibres. We find that
treating the jaw adductors as either homogeneously slow or
fast muscles potentially overestimates average maximum
muscle forces by as much as approximately 44%. Including
fibre types and their specific tensions is thus likely to
improve jaw-muscle and bite force estimates in
primates.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsfs.2021.0009},
Key = {fds358879}
}
@article{fds355224,
Author = {Taylor, AB and Holmes, MA},
Title = {Fiber-type phenotype of the jaw-closing muscles in Gorilla
gorilla, Pan troglodytes, and Pan paniscus: A test of the
Frequent Recruitment Hypothesis.},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Volume = {151},
Pages = {102938},
Year = {2021},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102938},
Abstract = {Skeletal muscle fiber types are important determinants of
the contractile properties of muscle fibers, such as fatigue
resistance and shortening velocity. Yet little is known
about how jaw-adductor fiber types correlate with feeding
behavior in primates. Compared with chimpanzees and bonobos,
gorillas spend a greater percentage of their daily time
feeding and shift to herbaceous vegetation when fruits are
scarce. We thus used the African apes to test the hypothesis
that chewing with unusually high frequency is correlated
with the expression in the jaw adductors of a high
proportion of type 1 (slow, fatigue-resistant) fibers at the
expense of other fiber types (the Frequent Recruitment
Hypothesis). We used immunohistochemistry to determine the
presence and distribution of the four major myosin heavy
chain (MHC) isoforms in the anterior superficial masseter
(ASM), superficial anterior temporalis, and deep anterior
temporalis of four Gorilla gorilla, two Pan paniscus, and
four Pan troglodytes. Serial sections were stained against
slow (MHC-1/-α-cardiac) and fast (MHC-2/-M) fibers. Fibers
were counted and scored for staining intensity, and fiber
cross-sectional areas (CSAs) were measured and used to
estimate percentage of CSA of each MHC isoform. Hybrid
fibers accounted for nearly 100% of fiber types in the
masseter and temporalis of all three species, resulting in
three main hybrid phenotypes. As predicted, the gorilla ASM
and deep anterior temporalis comprised a greater percentage
of CSA of the slower, fatigue-resistant hybrid fiber type,
significantly so for the ASM (p = 0.015). Finally, the
results suggest that fiber phenotype of the chewing muscles
contributes to behavioral flexibility in ways that would go
undetected in paleontological studies relying solely on
morphology of the bony masticatory apparatus.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102938},
Key = {fds355224}
}
@article{fds347300,
Author = {Joshi, A and Amrhein, TJ and Holmes, MA and Talsma, J and Shonyo, M and Taylor, AB},
Title = {The Source and the Course of the Articular Branches to the
T4-T8 Zygapophysial Joints.},
Journal = {Pain Med},
Volume = {20},
Number = {12},
Pages = {2371-2376},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2019},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnz116},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To define the source and the course of the
articular branches to the midthoracic zygapophysial ("z")
joints. DESIGN: Cadaveric dissection. SETTING: The Gross
Anatomy Laboratory of the Duke University School of
Medicine. SUBJECTS: Ten human cadaveric thoraces. METHODS:
Gross and stereoscopic dissection of dorsal rami T4-T8 was
performed bilaterally on 10 adult embalmed cadavers. The
medial and lateral branches were traced to their origins
from the dorsal rami, and the course of the articular nerves
was documented through digital photography. Radio-opaque
wire (20 gauge) was applied to the nerves. Fluoroscopic
images were obtained to delineate their radiographic course
with respect to osseous landmarks. RESULTS: Forty-eight
inferior articular branches were identified. Three (6.3%)
originated from the medial branch and 44 (91.7%) from the
dorsal ramus. One was indeterminate. Fifty-one superior
articular branches were identified. Eight (15.7%) originated
from the medial branch and 43 (84.3%) from the dorsal ramus.
In 12% of cases (6/50), there was side-to-side asymmetry in
the origins of the articular branches. Nerves were commonly
suspended in the intertransverse space. The articular
branches contacted an osseous structure in only 39% of
cases. As previously reported, a "descending branch" was not
identified in any specimen. CONCLUSIONS: Articular branches
to the T4-T8 z-joints have substantial inter- and
intraspecimen variability of origin. They typically arise
from the dorsal ramus rather than the medial branch and
frequently do not contact any osseous structure to allow
percutaneous needle placement.},
Doi = {10.1093/pm/pnz116},
Key = {fds347300}
}
@article{fds344446,
Author = {Holmes, MA and Taylor, AB},
Title = {Heterogeneity of Fiber Types in the Anterior Temporalis
Muscle in Papionins},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY},
Volume = {280},
Pages = {S139-S139},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds344446}
}
@article{fds342287,
Author = {Doyle, DJ and Holmes, M and Schmitt, D and Zeininger, A and Wall,
CE},
Title = {Gorilla hindlimb muscle fiber phenotypes},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {168},
Pages = {62-62},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds342287}
}
@article{fds342288,
Author = {Taylor, AB and West, M and Holmes, M},
Title = {Fiber-type phenotype of the anterior superficial masseter in
African apes: A preliminary test of the frequent recruitment
hypothesis},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {168},
Pages = {244-245},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds342288}
}
@article{fds337103,
Author = {Wall, CE and Holmes, M and Soderblom, EJ and Taylor,
AB},
Title = {Proteomics and immunohistochemistry identify the expression
of α-cardiac myosin heavy chain in the jaw-closing muscles
of sooty mangabeys (order Primates).},
Journal = {Arch Oral Biol},
Volume = {91},
Pages = {103-108},
Year = {2018},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.01.019},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The jaw-closing muscles of humans and nonprimate
mammals express alpha-cardiac fibers but MyHC α-cardiac has
not been identified in the jaw adductors of nonhuman
primates. We determined whether MyHC α-cardiac is expressed
in the superficial masseter and temporalis muscles of the
sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys), an African Old World
monkey that specializes on hard seeds. DESIGN: LC-MS/MS
based proteomics was used to identify the presence of MyHC
Iα. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the
composition and distribution of fiber types in the
superficial masseter and temporalis muscles of eight C.
atys. Serial sections were stained against MyHC α-cardiac
(MYH6), as well as MyHC-1 (NOQ7.5.4D), MyHC-2 (MY-32), and
MyHC-M (2F4). RESULTS: Proteomics analysis identified the
presence of Myosin-6 (MyHC α-cardiac) in both heart atrium
and superficial masseter. MyHC α-cardiac was expressed in
abundance in the superficial masseter and temporalis muscles
of all eight individuals and hybrid fibers were common.
CONCLUSIONS: The identification of MyHC α-cardiac in the
jaw adductors of sooty mangabeys is a novel finding for
nonhuman primates. The abundance of MyHC α-cardiac
indicates a fatigue-resistant fiber population characterized
by intermediate speed of contraction between pure MyHC-1 and
MyHC-2 isoforms. We suggest that α-cardiac fibers may be
advantageous to sooty mangabeys, whose feeding behavior
includes frequent crushing of relatively large, hard seeds
during the power stroke of ingestion. Additional studies
comparing jaw-adductor fiber phenotype of hard-object
feeding primates and other mammals are needed to explore
this relationship further.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.01.019},
Key = {fds337103}
}
@article{fds332367,
Author = {Taylor, AB and Terhune, CE and Toler, M and Holmes, M and Ross, CF and Vinyard, CJ},
Title = {Jaw-Muscle Fiber Architecture and Leverage in the
Hard-Object Feeding Sooty Mangabey are not Structured to
Facilitate Relatively Large Bite Forces Compared to Other
Papionins.},
Journal = {Anat Rec (Hoboken)},
Volume = {301},
Number = {2},
Pages = {325-342},
Year = {2018},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.23718},
Abstract = {Numerous studies have sought to link craniofacial morphology
with behavioral ecology in primates. Extant hard-object
feeders have been of particular interest because of their
potential to inform our understanding about the diets of
early fossil hominins. Sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys) are
hard-object feeders that frequently generate what have been
described as audibly powerful bites at wide jaw gapes to
process materially stiff and hard seeds. We address the
hypothesis that sooty mangabeys have features of the
masticatory apparatus that facilitate this feeding behavior
by comparing fiber architecture and leverage of the masseter
and temporalis muscles between sooty mangabeys and three
papionin primates that do not specialize on hard objects.
Contrary to predictions, sooty mangabeys do not have
relatively larger muscle physiologic cross-sectional areas
or weights compared to other papionins, nor do they
consistently display improved leverage. In this regard,
sooty mangabeys differ in their morphology from other
hard-object feeders such as tufted capuchins. However, males
of all four papionin species converge on a shared pattern of
relatively longer anterior superficial masseter fibers
compared with female conspecifics, suggesting that males are
likely prioritizing muscle stretch to improve gape
performance as part of a behavioral repertoire that includes
agonistic social interactions and intense male-male
competition. These findings strengthen support for the
hypothesis that gape display behaviors can exert a strong
selective influence throughout the musculoskeletal
masticatory apparatus. Results also raise questions about
the morphological suitability of extant cercopithecines as
models for interpreting feeding behavior and diet in fossil
hominins with limited jaw gape capacity. Anat Rec,
301:325-342, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.23718},
Key = {fds332367}
}
@article{fds353619,
Author = {Shackelford, SA and Garofalo, E and Holmes, M and Kalpakis, K and Henry,
SM and Mackenzie, C and Bowyer, MW},
Title = {Assessing surgical training: a utility analysis of the
advanced surgical skills for exposure in trauma
course},
Journal = {Journal of the American College of Surgeons},
Volume = {219},
Number = {4},
Pages = {e40-e40},
Publisher = {Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)},
Year = {2014},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2014.07.492},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2014.07.492},
Key = {fds353619}
}
@article{fds324073,
Author = {Ruff, CB and Garofalo, E and Holmes, MA},
Title = {Interpreting skeletal growth in the past from a functional
and physiological perspective},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {150},
Number = {1},
Pages = {29-37},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22120},
Abstract = {<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The study of
juvenile skeletal remains can yield important insights into
the health, behavior, and biological relationships of past
populations. However, most studies of past skeletal growth
have been limited to relatively simple metrics. Considering
additional skeletal parameters and taking a broader
physiological perspective can provide a more complete
assessment of growth patterns and environmental and genetic
effects on those patterns. We review here some alternative
approaches to ontogenetic studies of archaeological and
paleontological skeletal material, including analyses of
body size (stature and body mass) and cortical bone
structure of long bone diaphyses and the mandibular corpus.
Together such analyses can shed new light on both systemic
and localized influences on bone growth, and the metabolic
and mechanical factors underlying variation in growth. Am J
Phys Anthropol, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc.</jats:p>},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22120},
Key = {fds324073}
}
@article{fds324074,
Author = {Holmes, MA and Ruff, CB},
Title = {Dietary effects on development of the human mandibular
corpus},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {145},
Number = {4},
Pages = {615-628},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2011},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21554},
Abstract = {<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The extent to which
the mandibular corpus exhibits developmental plasticity has
important implications for interpreting variation in adult
and juvenile mandibular morphology in the archaeological and
paleontological record. Here, we examine ontogenetic changes
in mandibular corpus breadth, rigidity, and strength in two
population samples with contrasting diets: late prehistoric
Tigara from Point Hope, Alaska, characterized by a very
demanding masticatory regime, and proto‐historic Arikara
from the Sully Site in South Dakota, with a less demanding
regime. A total of 52 juvenile and 11 adult Tigara, and 32
juvenile and 10 adult Arikara were included in the study.
Juveniles ranged in age from 1 to 17 years, with good
representation of younger (1–6‐year‐old) juveniles (20
Arikara, 18 Tigara). Superoinferior and buccolingual
external and cortical bone breadths of mandibles were
measured at the Pm<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>‐M<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>
and M<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>‐M<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>
junctions using calipers and biplanar radiographs,
respectively. An asymmetrical hollow beam model was employed
to reconstruct cross sections and calculate bending
rigidities and strengths in the sagittal and transverse
planes. Among adults, Tigara have greater transverse corpus
width, bending rigidity, and strength, and ratios of
transverse to sagittal dimensions than Arikara. This shape
difference develops gradually during growth, with only weak
trends among young juveniles, increasing to near‐adult
contrasts among adolescents. These results support a role
for functional mechanical loading of the mandible during
growth in producing adult differences in mandibular corpus
morphology. Am J Phys Anthropol 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss,
Inc.</jats:p>},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.21554},
Key = {fds324074}
}
%% Hora, Martin
@article{fds342236,
Author = {Hora, M and Pontzer, H and Sladek, V},
Title = {Persistence hunting in Levant: Both Neandertals and modern
humans could run down a horse},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {168},
Pages = {107-107},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds342236}
}
@article{fds342237,
Author = {Hora, M and Sládek, V},
Title = {Population specificity of sex estimation from
vertebrae},
Journal = {Forensic Science International},
Volume = {291},
Pages = {279.e1-279.e12},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2018},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.08.015},
Doi = {10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.08.015},
Key = {fds342237}
}
@article{fds342238,
Author = {Hora, M and Soumar, L and Pontzer, H and Sládek,
V},
Title = {Body size and lower limb posture during walking in
humans.},
Journal = {Plos One},
Volume = {12},
Number = {2},
Pages = {e0172112},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172112},
Abstract = {We test whether locomotor posture is associated with body
mass and lower limb length in humans and explore how body
size and posture affect net joint moments during walking. We
acquired gait data for 24 females and 25 males using a
three-dimensional motion capture system and
pressure-measuring insoles. We employed the general linear
model and commonality analysis to assess the independent
effect of body mass and lower limb length on flexion angles
at the hip, knee, and ankle while controlling for sex and
velocity. In addition, we used inverse dynamics to model the
effect of size and posture on net joint moments. At early
stance, body mass has a negative effect on knee flexion (p <
0.01), whereas lower limb length has a negative effect on
hip flexion (p < 0.05). Body mass uniquely explains 15.8% of
the variance in knee flexion, whereas lower limb length
uniquely explains 5.4% of the variance in hip flexion. Both
of the detected relationships between body size and posture
are consistent with the moment moderating postural
adjustments predicted by our model. At late stance, no
significant relationship between body size and posture was
detected. Humans of greater body size reduce the flexion of
the hip and knee at early stance, which results in the
moderation of net moments at these joints.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0172112},
Key = {fds342238}
}
@article{fds342239,
Author = {Sládek, V and Hora, M and Farkašová, K and Rocek,
TR},
Title = {Impact of grinding technology on bilateral asymmetry in
muscle activity of the upper limb},
Journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science},
Volume = {72},
Pages = {142-156},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2016},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2016.07.001},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jas.2016.07.001},
Key = {fds342239}
}
@article{fds342240,
Author = {Sládek, V and Ruff, CB and Berner, M and Holt, B and Niskanen, M and Schuplerová, E and Hora, M},
Title = {The impact of subsistence changes on humeral bilateral
asymmetry in Terminal Pleistocene and Holocene
Europe},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {92},
Pages = {37-49},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.12.001},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.12.001},
Key = {fds342240}
}
@article{fds342241,
Author = {Ruff, CB and Holt, B and Niskanen, M and Sladek, V and Berner, M and Garofalo, E and Garvin, HM and Hora, M and Junno, J-A and Schuplerova,
E and Vilkama, R and Whittey, E},
Title = {Gradual decline in mobility with the adoption of food
production in Europe},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {112},
Number = {23},
Pages = {7147-7152},
Publisher = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
Year = {2015},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1502932112},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1502932112},
Key = {fds342241}
}
@article{fds342242,
Author = {Hora, M and Sladek, V},
Title = {Influence of lower limb configuration on walking cost in
Late Pleistocene humans},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {67},
Pages = {19-32},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2014},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.09.011},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.09.011},
Key = {fds342242}
}
@article{fds342243,
Author = {Ruff, CB and Holt, BM and Niskanen, M and Sladék, V and Berner, M and Garofalo, E and Garvin, HM and Hora, M and Maijanen, H and Niinimäki,
S and Salo, K and Schuplerová, E and Tompkins, D},
Title = {Stature and body mass estimation from skeletal remains in
the European Holocene},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {148},
Number = {4},
Pages = {601-617},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2012},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22087},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22087},
Key = {fds342243}
}
%% Horvath Roth, Juliann E.
@misc{fds324357,
Author = {Horvath, JE and Sheedy, CB and Merrett, SL and Diallo, AB and Swofford,
DL and NISC Comparative Sequencing Program, and Green, ED and Willard, HF},
Title = {Comparative analysis of the primate X-inactivation center
region and reconstruction of the ancestral primate XIST
locus.},
Journal = {Genome research},
Volume = {21},
Number = {6},
Pages = {850-862},
Year = {2011},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.111849.110},
Abstract = {Here we provide a detailed comparative analysis across the
candidate X-Inactivation Center (XIC) region and the XIST
locus in the genomes of six primates and three mammalian
outgroup species. Since lemurs and other strepsirrhine
primates represent the sister lineage to all other primates,
this analysis focuses on lemurs to reconstruct the ancestral
primate sequences and to gain insight into the evolution of
this region and the genes within it. This comparative
evolutionary genomics approach reveals significant expansion
in genomic size across the XIC region in higher primates,
with minimal size alterations across the XIST locus itself.
Reconstructed primate ancestral XIC sequences show that the
most dramatic changes during the past 80 million years
occurred between the ancestral primate and the lineage
leading to Old World monkeys. In contrast, the XIST locus
compared between human and the primate ancestor does not
indicate any dramatic changes to exons or XIST-specific
repeats; rather, evolution of this locus reflects small
incremental changes in overall sequence identity and short
repeat insertions. While this comparative analysis
reinforces that the region around XIST has been subject to
significant genomic change, even among primates, our data
suggest that evolution of the XIST sequences themselves
represents only small lineage-specific changes across the
past 80 million years.},
Doi = {10.1101/gr.111849.110},
Key = {fds324357}
}
@misc{fds295099,
Author = {Horvath, JE and Weisrock, DW and Embry, SL and Fiorentino, I and Balhoff, JP and Kappeler, P and Wray, GA and Willard, HF and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {Development and application of a phylogenomic toolkit:
resolving the evolutionary history of Madagascar's
lemurs.},
Journal = {Genome research},
Volume = {18},
Number = {3},
Pages = {489-499},
Year = {2008},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1088-9051},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18245770},
Abstract = {Lemurs and the other strepsirrhine primates are of great
interest to the primate genomics community due to their
phylogenetic placement as the sister lineage to all other
primates. Previous attempts to resolve the phylogeny of
lemurs employed limited mitochondrial or small nuclear data
sets, with many relationships poorly supported or entirely
unresolved. We used genomic resources to develop 11 novel
markers from nine chromosomes, representing approximately 9
kb of nuclear sequence data. In combination with previously
published nuclear and mitochondrial loci, this yields a data
set of more than 16 kb and adds approximately 275 kb of DNA
sequence to current databases. Our phylogenetic analyses
confirm hypotheses of lemuriform monophyly and provide
robust resolution of the phylogenetic relationships among
the five lemuriform families. We verify that the genus
Daubentonia is the sister lineage to all other lemurs. The
Cheirogaleidae and Lepilemuridae are sister taxa and
together form the sister lineage to the Indriidae; this
clade is the sister lineage to the Lemuridae. Divergence
time estimates indicate that lemurs are an ancient group,
with their initial diversification occurring around the
Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. Given the power of this data
set to resolve branches in a notoriously problematic area of
primate phylogeny, we anticipate that our phylogenomic
toolkit will be of value to other studies of primate
phylogeny and diversification. Moreover, the methods applied
will be broadly applicable to other taxonomic groups where
phylogenetic relationships have been notoriously difficult
to resolve.},
Doi = {10.1101/gr.7265208},
Key = {fds295099}
}
@misc{fds295098,
Author = {Horvath, JE and Willard, HF},
Title = {Primate comparative genomics: lemur biology and
evolution.},
Journal = {Trends in Genetics},
Volume = {23},
Number = {4},
Pages = {173-182},
Year = {2007},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0168-9525},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17331617},
Abstract = {Comparative genome sequencing projects are providing insight
into aspects of genome biology that raise new questions and
challenge existing paradigms. Placement in the phylogenetic
tree can often be a major determinant of which organism to
choose for study. Lemurs hold a key position at the base of
the primate evolutionary tree and will be highly informative
for the genomics community by offering comparisons of
primate-specific characteristics and processes. Combining
research in chromosome evolution, genome evolution and
behavior with lemur comparative genomic sequencing will
offer insights into many levels of primate evolution. We
discuss the current state of lemur cytogenetic and
phylogenetic analyses, and suggest how focusing more genomic
efforts on lemurs will be beneficial to understanding human
and primate evolution, as well as disease, and will
contribute to conservation efforts.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tig.2007.02.007},
Key = {fds295098}
}
@misc{fds295097,
Author = {Horvath, JE and Gulden, CL and Vallente, RU and Eichler, MY and Ventura,
M and McPherson, JD and Graves, TA and Wilson, RK and Schwartz, S and Rocchi, M and Eichler, EE},
Title = {Punctuated duplication seeding events during the evolution
of human chromosome 2p11},
Journal = {Genome Research},
Volume = {15},
Number = {7},
Pages = {914-927},
Year = {2005},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds295097}
}
@misc{fds295096,
Author = {She, X and Horvath, JE and Jiang, Z and Liu, G and Furey, TS and Christ, L and Clark, R and Graves, T and Gulden, CL and Alkan, C and Bailey, JA and Sahinalp, C and Rocchi, M and Haussler, D and Wilson, RK and Miller, W and Schwartz, S and Eichler, EE},
Title = {The structure and evolution of centromeric transition
regions within the human genome},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {430},
Pages = {857-864},
Year = {2004},
Month = {August},
Key = {fds295096}
}
%% Hylander, William L.
@article{fds313942,
Author = {Terhune, CE and Hylander, WL and Vinyard, CJ and Taylor,
AB},
Title = {Jaw-muscle architecture and mandibular morphology influence
relative maximum jaw gapes in the sexually dimorphic Macaca
fascicularis.},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {82},
Pages = {145-158},
Year = {2015},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.02.006},
Abstract = {Maximum jaw gape is a performance variable related to
feeding and non-feeding oral behaviors, such as canine gape
displays, and is influenced by several factors including
jaw-muscle fiber architecture, muscle position on the skull,
and jaw morphology. Maximum gape, jaw length, and canine
height are strongly correlated across catarrhine primates,
but relationships between gape and other aspects of
masticatory apparatus morphology are less clear. We examine
the effects of jaw-adductor fiber architecture, jaw-muscle
leverage, and jaw form on gape in an intraspecific sample of
sexually dimorphic crab-eating macaques (Macaca
fascicularis). As M. fascicularis males have relatively
larger maximum gapes than females, we predict that males
will have muscle and jaw morphologies that facilitate large
gape, but these morphologies may come at some expense to
bite force. Male crab-eating macaques have relatively longer
jaw-muscle fibers, masseters with decreased leverage, and
temporomandibular joint morphologies that facilitate the
production of wide gapes. Because relative canine height is
correlated with maximum gape in catarrhines, and males have
relatively longer canines than females, these results
support the hypothesis that male M. fascicularis have
experienced selection to increase maximum gape. The sexes do
not differ in relative masseter physiologic cross-sectional
area (PCSA), but males compensate for a potential trade-off
between muscle excursion versus muscle force with increased
temporalis weight and PCSA. This musculoskeletal
configuration is likely functionally significant for
behaviors involving aggressive canine biting and displays in
male M. fascicularis and provides additional evidence
supporting the multifactorial nature of the catarrhine
masticatory apparatus. Our results have implications for the
evolution of craniofacial morphology in catarrhine primates
and reinforce the importance of evaluating additional
factors other than feeding behavior and diet in analyses of
masticatory apparatus form, function, and
evolution.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.02.006},
Key = {fds313942}
}
@article{fds313939,
Author = {Wall, CE and Briggs, MM and Huq, E and Hylander, WL and Schachat,
F},
Title = {Regional variation in IIM myosin heavy chain expression in
the temporalis muscle of female and male baboons (Papio
anubis).},
Journal = {Archives of Oral Biology},
Volume = {58},
Number = {4},
Pages = {435-443},
Year = {2013},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23102552},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine
whether high amounts of fast/type II myosin heavy chain
(MyHC) in the superficial as compared to the deep temporalis
muscle of adult female and male baboons (Papio anubis)
correlates with published data on muscle function during
chewing. Electromyographic (EMG) data show a regional
specialization in activation from low to high amplitude
activity during hard/tough object chewing cycles in the
baboon superficial temporalis.(48,49) A positive correlation
between fast/type II MyHC amount and EMG activity will
support the high occlusal force hypothesis. DESIGN: Deep
anterior temporalis (DAT), superficial anterior temporalis
(SAT), and superficial posterior temporalis (SPT) muscle
samples were analyzed using SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis to
test the prediction that SAT and SPT will show high amounts
of fast/type II MyHC compared to DAT. Serial muscle sections
were incubated against NOQ7.5.4D and MY32 antibodies to
determine the breadth of slow/type I versus fast/type II
expression within each section. RESULTS: Type I and type IIM
MyHCs comprise nearly 100% of the MyHCs in the temporalis
muscle. IIM MyHC was the overwhelmingly predominant fast
MyHC, though there was a small amount of type IIA MyHC
(≤5%) in DAT in two individuals. SAT and SPT exhibited a
fast/type II phenotype and contained large amounts of IIM
MyHC whereas DAT exhibited a type I/type II (hybrid)
phenotype and contained a significantly greater proportion
of MyHC-I. MyHC-I expression in DAT was sexually dimorphic
as it was more abundant in females. CONCLUSIONS: The link
between the distribution of IIM MyHC and high relative EMG
amplitudes in SAT and SPT during hard/tough object chewing
cycles is evidence of regional specialization in fibre type
to generate high occlusal forces during chewing. The high
proportion of MyHC-I in DAT of females may be related to a
high frequency of individual fibre recruitment in comparison
to males.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.09.008},
Key = {fds313939}
}
@article{fds313938,
Author = {Hylander, WL},
Title = {Functional links between canine height and jaw gape in
catarrhines with special reference to early
hominins.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {150},
Number = {2},
Pages = {247-259},
Year = {2013},
Month = {February},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23280236},
Abstract = {This study tests the hypothesis that decreased canine crown
height in catarrhines is linked to (and arguably caused by)
decreased jaw gape. Associations are characterized within
and between variables such as upper and lower canine height
beyond the occlusal plane (canine overlap), maximum jaw
gape, and jaw length for 27 adult catarrhine species,
including 539 living subjects and 316 museum specimens. The
data demonstrate that most adult male catarrhines have
relatively larger canine overlap dimensions and gapes than
do conspecific females. For example, whereas male baboons
open their jaws maximally more than 110% of jaw length,
females open about 90%. Humans and hylobatids are the
exceptions in that canine overlap is nearly the same in both
the sexes and so is relative gape (ca. 65% for humans and
110% for hylobatids). A correlation analysis demonstrates
that a large portion of relative gape (maximum
gape/projected jaw length) is predicted by relative canine
overlap (canine overlap/jaw length). Relative gape is mainly
a function of jaw muscle position and/or jaw muscle-fiber
length. All things equal, more rostrally positioned jaw
muscles and/or shorter muscle fibers decrease gape and
increase bite force during the power stroke of mastication,
and the net benefit is to increase the mechanical efficiency
during chewing. Similarly, more caudally positioned muscles
and/or longer muscle fibers increase the amount of gape and
decrease bite force. Overall, the data support the
hypothesis that canine reduction in early hominins is
functionally linked to decreased gape and increased
mechanical efficiency of the jaws.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22195},
Key = {fds313938}
}
@article{fds313895,
Author = {Williams, SH and Vinyard, CJ and Wall, CE and Doherty, AH and Crompton,
AW and Hylander, WL},
Title = {A preliminary analysis of correlated evolution in Mammalian
chewing motor patterns.},
Journal = {Integrative and Comparative Biology (BioOne)},
Volume = {51},
Number = {2},
Pages = {247-259},
Year = {2011},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21719433},
Abstract = {Descriptive and quantitative analyses of electromyograms
(EMG) from the jaw adductors during feeding in mammals have
demonstrated both similarities and differences among species
in chewing motor patterns. These observations have led to a
number of hypotheses of the evolution of motor patterns, the
most comprehensive of which was proposed by Weijs in 1994.
Since then, new data have been collected and additional
hypotheses for the evolution of motor patterns have been
proposed. Here, we take advantage of these new data and a
well-resolved species-level phylogeny for mammals to test
for the correlated evolution of specific components of
mammalian chewing motor patterns. We focus on the evolution
of the coordination of working-side (WS) and balancing-side
(BS) jaw adductors (i.e., Weijs' Triplets I and II), the
evolution of WS and BS muscle recruitment levels, and the
evolution of asynchrony between pairs of muscles. We
converted existing chewing EMG data into binary traits to
incorporate as much data as possible and facilitate robust
phylogenetic analyses. We then tested hypotheses of
correlated evolution of these traits across our phylogeny
using a maximum likelihood method and the Bayesian Markov
Chain Monte Carlo method. Both sets of analyses yielded
similar results highlighting the evolutionary changes that
have occurred across mammals in chewing motor patterns. We
find support for the correlated evolution of (1) Triplets I
and II, (2) BS deep masseter asynchrony and Triplets I and
II, (3) a relative delay in the activity of the BS deep
masseter and a decrease in the ratio of WS to BS muscle
recruitment levels, and (4) a relative delay in the activity
of the BS deep masseter and a delay in the activity of the
BS posterior temporalis. In contrast, changes in relative WS
and BS activity levels across mammals are not correlated
with Triplets I and II. Results from this work can be
integrated with dietary and morphological data to better
understand how feeding and the masticatory apparatus have
evolved across mammals in the context of new masticatory
demands.},
Doi = {10.1093/icb/icr068},
Key = {fds313895}
}
@article{fds313896,
Author = {Hylander, WL and Vinyard, CJ and Wall, CE and Williams, SH and Johnson,
KR},
Title = {Functional and evolutionary significance of the recruitment
and firing patterns of the jaw adductors during chewing in
Verreaux's sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi).},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {145},
Number = {4},
Pages = {531-547},
Year = {2011},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21590749},
Abstract = {Jaw-muscle electromyographic (EMG) patterns indicate that
compared with thick-tailed galagos and ring-tailed lemurs,
anthropoids recruit more relative EMG from their
balancing-side deep masseter, and that this muscle peaks
late in the power stroke. These recruitment and firing
patterns in anthropoids are thought to cause the mandibular
symphysis to wishbone (lateral transverse bending),
resulting in relatively high symphyseal stresses. We test
the hypothesis that living strepsirrhines with robust,
partially fused symphyses have muscle recruitment and firing
patterns more similar to anthropoids, unlike those
strepsirrhines with highly mobile unfused symphyses.
Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the superficial and deep
masseter, anterior and posterior temporalis, and medial
pterygoid muscles were recorded in four dentally adult
Verreaux's sifakas (Propithecus verreauxi). As predicted, we
find that sifaka motor patterns are more similar to
anthropoids. For example, among sifakas, recruitment levels
of the balancing-side (b-s) deep masseter are high, and the
b-s deep masseter fires late during the power stroke. As
adult sifakas often exhibit nearly complete symphyseal
fusion, these data support the hypothesis that the evolution
of symphyseal fusion in primates is functionally linked to
wishboning. Furthermore, these data provide compelling
evidence for the convergent evolution of the wishboning
motor patterns in anthropoids and sifakas.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.21529},
Key = {fds313896}
}
@article{fds313902,
Author = {Vinyard, CJ and Williams, SH and Wall, CE and Doherty, AH and Crompton,
AW and Hylander, WL},
Title = {A preliminary analysis of correlations between chewing motor
patterns and mandibular morphology across
mammals.},
Journal = {Integrative and Comparative Biology (BioOne)},
Volume = {51},
Number = {2},
Pages = {260-270},
Year = {2011},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21724618},
Abstract = {The establishment of a publicly-accessible repository of
physiological data on feeding in mammals, the Feeding
Experiments End-user Database (FEED), along with
improvements in reconstruction of mammalian phylogeny,
significantly improves our ability to address long-standing
questions about the evolution of mammalian feeding. In this
study, we use comparative phylogenetic methods to examine
correlations between jaw robusticity and both the relative
recruitment and the relative time of peak activity for the
superficial masseter, deep masseter, and temporalis muscles
across 19 mammalian species from six orders. We find little
evidence for a relationship between jaw robusticity and
electromyographic (EMG) activity for either the superficial
masseter or temporalis muscles across mammals. We
hypothesize that future analyses may identify significant
associations between these physiological and morphological
variables within subgroups of mammals that share similar
diets, feeding behaviors, and/or phylogenetic histories.
Alternatively, the relative peak recruitment and timing of
the balancing-side (i.e., non-chewing-side) deep masseter
muscle (BDM) is significantly negatively correlated with the
relative area of the mandibular symphysis across our
mammalian sample. This relationship exists despite BDM
activity being associated with different loading regimes in
the symphyses of primates compared to ungulates, suggesting
a basic association between magnitude of symphyseal loads
and symphyseal area among these mammals. Because our sample
primarily represents mammals that use significant transverse
movements during chewing, future research should address
whether the correlations between BDM activity and symphyseal
morphology characterize all mammals or should be restricted
to this "transverse chewing" group. Finally, the significant
correlations observed in this study suggest that
physiological parameters are an integrated and evolving
component of feeding across mammals.},
Doi = {10.1093/icb/icr066},
Key = {fds313902}
}
@article{fds313930,
Author = {Strait, DS and Weber, GW and Neubauer, S and Chalk, J and Richmond, BG and Lucas, PW and Spencer, MA and Schrein, C and Dechow, PC and Ross, CF and Grosse, IR and Wright, BW and Constantino, P and Wood, BA and Lawn, B and Hylander, WL and Wang, Q and Byron, C and Slice, DE and Smith,
AL},
Title = {The feeding biomechanics and dietary ecology of
Australopithecus africanus.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of
USA},
Volume = {106},
Number = {7},
Pages = {2124-2129},
Year = {2009},
Month = {February},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19188607},
Abstract = {The African Plio-Pleistocene hominins known as australopiths
evolved a distinctive craniofacial morphology that
traditionally has been viewed as a dietary adaptation for
feeding on either small, hard objects or on large volumes of
food. A historically influential interpretation of this
morphology hypothesizes that loads applied to the premolars
during feeding had a profound influence on the evolution of
australopith craniofacial form. Here, we test this
hypothesis using finite element analysis in conjunction with
comparative, imaging, and experimental methods. We find that
the facial skeleton of the Australopithecus type species, A.
africanus, is well suited to withstand premolar loads.
However, we suggest that the mastication of either small
objects or large volumes of food is unlikely to fully
explain the evolution of facial form in this species.
Rather, key aspects of australopith craniofacial morphology
are more likely to be related to the ingestion and initial
preparation of large, mechanically protected food objects
like large nuts and seeds. These foods may have broadened
the diet of these hominins, possibly by being critical
resources that australopiths relied on during periods when
their preferred dietary items were in short supply. Our
analysis reconciles apparent discrepancies between dietary
reconstructions based on biomechanics, tooth morphology, and
dental microwear.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0808730106},
Key = {fds313930}
}
@article{fds313929,
Author = {Williams, SH and Vinyard, CJ and Wall, CE and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Mandibular corpus bone strain in goats and alpacas:
implications for understanding the biomechanics of
mandibular form in selenodont artiodactyls.},
Journal = {Journal of Anatomy},
Volume = {214},
Number = {1},
Pages = {65-78},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19166474},
Abstract = {The goal of this study is to clarify the functional and
biomechanical relationship between jaw morphology and in
vivo masticatory loading in selenodont artiodactyls. We
compare in vivo strains from the mandibular corpus of goats
and alpacas to predicted strain patterns derived from
biomechanical models for mandibular corpus loading during
mastication. Peak shear strains in both species average
600-700 microepsilon on the working side and approximately
450 microepsilon on the balancing side. Maximum principal
tension in goats and alpacas is directed at approximately 30
degrees dorsocaudally relative to the long axis of the
corpus on the working side and approximately perpendicular
to the long axis on the balancing side. Strain patterns in
both species indicate primarily torsion of the working-side
corpus about the long axis and parasagittal bending and/or
lateral transverse bending of the balancing-side corpus.
Interpretation of the strain patterns is consistent with
comparative biomechanical analyses of jaw morphology
suggesting that in goats, the balancing-side mandibular
corpus is parasagittally bent whereas in alpacas it
experiences lateral transverse bending. However, in light of
higher working-side corpus strains, biomechanical
explanations of mandibular form also need to consider that
torsion influences relative corpus size and shape.
Furthermore, the complex combination of loads that occur
along the selenodont artiodactyl mandibular corpus during
the power stroke has two implications. First, added
clarification of these loading patterns requires in vivo
approaches for elucidating biomechanical links between
mandibular corpus morphology and masticatory loading.
Second, morphometric approaches may be limited in their
ability to accurately infer masticatory loading regimes of
selenodont artiodactyl jaws.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01008.x},
Key = {fds313929}
}
@article{fds313888,
Author = {Vinyard, CJ and Wall, CE and Williams, SH and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Patterns of variation across primates in jaw-muscle
electromyography during mastication.},
Journal = {Integrative and Comparative Biology (BioOne)},
Volume = {48},
Number = {2},
Pages = {294-311},
Year = {2008},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {1540-7063},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21669792},
Abstract = {Biologists that study mammals continue to discuss the
evolution of and functional variation in jaw-muscle activity
during chewing. A major barrier to addressing these issues
is collecting sufficient in vivo data to adequately capture
neuromuscular variation in a clade. We combine data on
jaw-muscle electromyography (EMG) collected during
mastication from 14 species of primates and one of
treeshrews to assess patterns of neuromuscular variation in
primates. All data were collected and analyzed using the
same methods. We examine the variance components for EMG
parameters using a nested ANOVA design across successive
hierarchical factors from chewing cycle through species for
eight locations in the masseter and temporalis muscles.
Variation in jaw-muscle EMGs was not distributed equally
across hierarchical levels. The timing of peak EMG activity
showed the largest variance components among chewing cycles.
Relative levels of recruitment of jaw muscles showed the
largest variance components among chewing sequences and
cycles. We attribute variation among chewing cycles to (1)
changes in food properties throughout the chewing sequence,
(2) variation in bite location, and (3) the multiple ways
jaw muscles can produce submaximal bite forces. We
hypothesize that variation among chewing sequences is
primarily related to variation in properties of food. The
significant proportion of variation in EMGs potentially
linked to food properties suggests that experimental
biologists must pay close attention to foods given to
research subjects in laboratory-based studies of feeding.
The jaw muscles exhibit markedly different variance
components among species suggesting that primate jaw muscles
have evolved as distinct functional units. The
balancing-side deep masseter (BDM) exhibits the most
variation among species. This observation supports previous
hypotheses linking variation in the timing and activation of
the BDM to symphyseal fusion in anthropoid primates and in
strepsirrhines with robust symphyses. The working-side
anterior temporalis shows a contrasting pattern with little
variation in timing and relative activation across primates.
The consistent recruitment of this muscle suggests that
primates have maintained their ability to produce vertical
jaw movements and force in contrast to the evolutionary
changes in transverse occlusal forces driven by the varying
patterns of activation in the BDM.},
Doi = {10.1093/icb/icn071},
Key = {fds313888}
}
@article{fds313889,
Author = {Hylander, WL and McMillan, AS and Lam, EWN and Watanabe, M and Langenbach, GEJ and Stavness, I and Peck, CC and Palla,
S},
Title = {From movement to models: a tribute to professor Alan G.
Hannam.},
Journal = {Journal of orofacial pain},
Volume = {22},
Number = {4},
Pages = {307-316},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {1064-6655},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19090403},
Abstract = {This tribute article to Professor Alan G. Hannam is based on
7 presentations for him at the July 1, 2008 symposium
honoring 3 "giants" in orofacial neuroscience: Professors B.
J. Sessle, J. P. Lund, and A. G. Hannam. This tribute to
Hannam's outstanding career draws examples from his 40-year
academic career and spans topics from human evolution to
complex modeling of the craniomandibular system. The first
presentation by W. Hylander provides a plausible answer to
the functional and evolutionary significance of canine
reduction in hominins. The second presentation, by A.
McMillan, describes research activities in the field of
healthy aging, including findings that intensity-modulated
radiotherapy improves the health condition and quality of
life of people with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in comparison
to conventional radiotherapy. The developments in dental
imaging are summarized in the third paper by E. Lam, and an
overview of the bite force magnitude and direction while
clenching is described in the fourth paper by M. Watanabe.
The last 3 contributions by G. Langenbach, I. Staveness, and
C. Peck deal with the topic of bone remodeling as well as
masticatory system modeling, which was Hannam's main
research interest in recent years. These contributions show
the considerable advancements that have been made in the
last decade under Hannam's drive, in particular the
development of an interactive model comprising, in addition
to the masticatory system, also the upper airways. The final
section of the article includes a final commentary from
Professor Hannam.},
Key = {fds313889}
}
@misc{fds313940,
Author = {Ravosa, MJ and Savakova, DG and Johnson, KR and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Primate origins and the function of the circumorbital
region: What's load got to do with it?},
Pages = {285-328},
Booktitle = {PRIMATE ORIGINS: Adaptations and Evolution},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
ISBN = {0387303359},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-33507-0_9},
Abstract = {Due to the wide range of morphological variability within
and among major primate clades, the circumorbital region has
long been the focus of functional and phylogenetic
investigations. As is well known, all euprimates differ from
their putative ancestors in having the more derived
character state of a bony postorbital bar along the lateral
orbital margins extending between the frontal and jugal
bones (Cartmill, 1970, 1972, 1974, 1992; Fleagle, 1999;
Martin, 1986, 1990, 1993; Szalay and Delson, 1979; Szalay et
al., 1987; Wible and Covert, 1987). Compared to basal
euprimates and strepsirrhines, anthropoids are further
derived in possessing an orbital cavity largely walled off
from the temporal fossa by a bony postorbital septum.
Therefore, information on circumorbital function in
strepsirhines, and by inference basal euprimates, is of
added importance for understanding the origin of anthropoid
cranial adaptations. The purpose of this chapter is to
review personal work regarding the functional significance
of the postorbital bar and circumorbital region. In
particular, we address two long-standing and influential
hypotheses regarding the primary function of the euprimate
postorbital bar: (1) that it resists facial torsion
associated with masticatory stresses transmitted across the
temporal fossa from the maxilla to the braincase during
unilateral molar chewing and biting (Greaves, 1985, 1991,
1995); and (2) that it provides rigidity to the lateral
orbital margins in order to prevent excessive ocular
movements and thus maintain a high degree of visual acuity
during nocturnal predation on small vertebrates and
invertebrates (Cartmill, 1970, 1972). To test the facial
torsion model, we analyzed in vivo bone-strain data so as to
determine mandibular and circumorbital loading patterns in
representative primates with a postorbital bar and
masticatory apparatus similar to the first modern primates
(Ravosa et al., 2000a-c). To investigate the nocturnal
visual predation hypothesis (NVPH), we collected metric data
on orbit orientation in living and fossil euprimate sister
taxa, 12 strepsirrhine, and anthropoid postnatal growth
series, as well as several clades of mammalian visual
predators and foragers that vary interspecifically in
postorbital bar formation (Noble et al., 2000; Ravosa et
al., 2000a,b; Ravosa, unpublished). By integrating and
evaluating experimental, comparative and ontogenetic
evidence in a phylogenetic framework, we then attempt a more
comprehensive characterization of adaptive transformations
in skull form during the origin of Euprimates (cf.,
Cartmill, 1972, 1974, 1992; Fleagle, 1999; Martin, 1990,
1993; Rasmussen, 1990; Sussman, 1991). © Springer
Science+Business Media, LLC 2007.},
Doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-33507-0_9},
Key = {fds313940}
}
@article{fds313941,
Author = {Vinyard, CJ and Ravosa, MJ and Williams, SH and Wall, CE and Johnson,
KR and Hylander, WL},
Title = {Jaw-muscle function and the origin of primates},
Pages = {179-231},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-33507-0_6},
Abstract = {Anthropologists studying primate chewing have focused on the
origins and evolution of the masticatory apparatus of
anthropoids and humans. We know far less about the
functional morphology and evolution of the masticatory
apparatus in the earliest euprimates (e.g., Jablonski,
1986). A more complete understanding of masticatory
apparatus function in the earliest primates would greatly
benefit studies of chewing behavior in both strepsirrhines
and haplorhines. We begin addressing this shortcoming in
this chapter by asking, "To what extent do treeshrews share
similar jaw-muscle activity patterns during chewing with
living primates?" We use the small, nonprimate mammal,
Belangers treeshrew (Tupaia belangeri), as an extant model
of jaw-muscle activity during chewing, or mastication, in
early euprimates. By comparing living primates to this
treeshrew, we can infer whether the origin of primates
involved significant changes in jaw-muscle activity patterns
during chewing. Because we can make some basic functional
links between jaw-muscle activity patterns and jaw form, our
results will aid future interpretations of masticatory
apparatus function from jaw form in living and fossil
primates. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
2007.},
Doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-33507-0_6},
Key = {fds313941}
}
@article{fds313897,
Author = {Ross, CF and Eckhardt, A and Herrel, A and Hylander, WL and Metzger, KA and Schaerlaeken, V and Washington, RL and Williams,
SH},
Title = {Modulation of intra-oral processing in mammals and
lepidosaurs.},
Journal = {Integrative and Comparative Biology (BioOne)},
Volume = {47},
Number = {1},
Pages = {118-136},
Year = {2007},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1540-7063},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21672825},
Abstract = {The mammalian masticatory apparatus is distinguished from
the intra-oral processing systems of other amniotes by a
number of morphological and functional features, including
transverse movements of the teeth during the power stroke,
precise occlusion, suspension of the teeth in the socket by
a periodontal ligament, diphyodonty (reduction to two
generations of teeth), a hard palate, and the presence of a
single bone (the dentary) in the lower jaw which articulates
with the skull at the temporomandibular jaw joint. The
evolution of these features is commonly argued to have
improved the efficiency of food processing in the oral
cavity. The present aricle highlights the existence in
mammals of the fusimotor system and afferent fibers from the
periodontal ligament through which the CNS modulates the
responses by the muscle spindles. Published data suggest
that the fusimotor system and the periodontal afferents are
important components in feed-forward (or anticipatory)
control of chewing behavior. We hypothesize that this
feed-forward control is used to maintain relatively constant
cycle lengths in mammals in the face of intra-sequence and
inter-sequence variation in material properties of the food,
and that this enables them to maintain a higher average
chewing frequency than that of lizards. These predictions
were evaluated using data on mean cycle length and its
variance from the literature and from our own files. On
average, mammals have less variable cycle lengths than do
lizards and shorter cycle lengths than do lizards of similar
size. We hypothesize that by decreasing variance in cycle
length, presumably close to the natural frequency of their
feeding systems, mammals minimize energy expenditure during
chewing, allowing them to chew for longer, thereby
maintaining the high rates of food intake required for their
high metabolic rates.},
Doi = {10.1093/icb/icm044},
Key = {fds313897}
}
@article{fds313931,
Author = {Ross, CF and Dharia, R and Herring, SW and Hylander, WL and Liu, Z-J and Rafferty, KL and Ravosa, MJ and Williams, SH},
Title = {Modulation of mandibular loading and bite force in mammals
during mastication.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Volume = {210},
Number = {Pt 6},
Pages = {1046-1063},
Year = {2007},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0022-0949},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17337717},
Abstract = {Modulation of force during mammalian mastication provides
insight into force modulation in rhythmic, cyclic behaviors.
This study uses in vivo bone strain data from the mandibular
corpus to test two hypotheses regarding bite force
modulation during rhythmic mastication in mammals: (1) that
bite force is modulated by varying the duration of force
production, or (2) that bite force is modulated by varying
the rate at which force is produced. The data sample
consists of rosette strain data from 40 experiments on 11
species of mammals, including six primate genera and four
nonprimate species: goats, pigs, horses and alpacas.
Bivariate correlation and multiple regression methods are
used to assess relationships between maximum (epsilon(1))
and minimum (epsilon(2)) principal strain magnitudes and the
following variables: loading time and mean loading rate from
5% of peak to peak strain, unloading time and mean unloading
rate from peak to 5% of peak strain, chew cycle duration,
and chew duty factor. Bivariate correlations reveal that in
the majority of experiments strain magnitudes are
significantly (P<0.001) correlated with strain loading and
unloading rates and not with strain loading and unloading
times. In those cases when strain magnitudes are also
correlated with loading times, strain magnitudes are more
highly correlated with loading rate than loading time.
Multiple regression analyses reveal that variation in strain
magnitude is best explained by variation in loading rate.
Loading time and related temporal variables (such as overall
chew cycle time and chew duty factor) do not explain
significant amounts of additional variance. Few and only
weak correlations were found between strain magnitude and
chew cycle time and chew duty factor. These data suggest
that bite force modulation during rhythmic mastication in
mammals is mainly achieved by modulating the rate at which
force is generated within a chew cycle, and less so by
varying temporal parameters. Rate modulation rather than
time modulation may allow rhythmic mastication to proceed at
a relatively constant frequency, simplifying motor control
computation.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.02733},
Key = {fds313931}
}
@article{fds313932,
Author = {Williams, SH and Vinyard, CJ and Wall, CE and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Masticatory motor patterns in ungulates: A quantitative
assessment of jaw-muscle coordination in goats, alpacas and
horses},
Journal = {The Journal of Experimental Zoology},
Volume = {307},
Number = {4},
Pages = {226-240},
Year = {2007},
ISSN = {1932-5223},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.a.362},
Abstract = {We investigated patterns of jaw-muscle coordination during
rhythmic mastication in three species of ungulates
displaying the marked transverse jaw movements typical of
many large mammalian herbivores. In order to quantify
consistent motor patterns during chewing, electromyograms
were recorded from the superficial masseter, deep masseter,
posterior temporalis and medial pterygoid muscles of goats,
alpacas and horses. Timing differences between muscle pairs
were evaluated in the context of an evolutionary model of
jaw-muscle function. In this model, the closing and food
reduction phases of mastication are primarily controlled by
two distinct muscle groups, triplet I (balancing-side
superficial masseter and medial pterygoid and working-side
posterior temporalis) and triplet II (working-side
superficial masseter and medial pterygoid and balancing-side
posterior temporalis), and the asynchronous activity of the
working- and balancing-side deep masseters. The three
species differ in the extent to which the jaw muscles are
coordinated as triplet I and triplet II. Alpacas, and to a
lesser extent, goats, exhibit the triplet pattern whereas
horses do not. In contrast, all three species show marked
asynchrony of the working-side and balancing-side deep
masseters, with jaw closing initiated by the working-side
muscle and the balancing-side muscle firing much later
during closing. However, goats differ from alpacas and
horses in the timing of the balancing-side deep masseter
relative to the triplet II muscles. This study highlights
interspecific differences in the coordination of jaw muscles
to influence transverse jaw movements and the production of
bite force in herbivorous ungulates. © 2007 Wiley-Liss,
Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/jez.a.362},
Key = {fds313932}
}
@article{fds313890,
Author = {Vinyard, CJ and Wall, CE and Williams, SH and Johnson, KR and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Masseter electromyography during chewing in ring-tailed
lemurs (Lemur catta).},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {130},
Number = {1},
Pages = {85-95},
Year = {2006},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16345068},
Abstract = {We examined masseter recruitment and firing patterns during
chewing in four adult ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta),
using electromyography (EMG). During chewing of tougher
foods, the working-side superficial masseter tends to show,
on average, 1.7 times more scaled EMG activity than the
balancing-side superficial masseter. The working-side deep
masseter exhibits, on average, 2.4 times the scaled EMG
activity of the balancing-side deep masseter. The relatively
larger activity in the working-side muscles suggests that
ring-tailed lemurs recruit relatively less force from their
balancing-side muscles during chewing. The superficial
masseter working-to-balancing-side (W/B) ratio for lemurs
overlaps with W/B ratios from anthropoid primates. In
contrast, the lemur W/B ratio for the deep masseter is more
similar to that of greater galagos, while both are
significantly larger than W/B ratios of anthropoids. Because
ring-tailed lemurs have unfused and hence presumably weaker
symphyses, these data are consistent with the symphyseal
fusion-muscle recruitment hypothesis stating that symphyseal
fusion in anthropoids provides increased strength for
resisting forces created by the balancing-side jaw muscles
during chewing. Among the masseter muscles of ring-tailed
lemurs, the working-side deep masseter peaks first on
average, followed in succession by the balancing-side deep
masseter, balancing-side superficial masseter, and finally
the working-side superficial masseter. Ring-tailed lemurs
are similar to greater galagos in that their balancing-side
deep masseter peaks well before their working-side
superficial masseter. We see the opposite pattern in
anthropoids, where the balancing-side deep masseter peaks,
on average, after the working-side superficial masseter.
This late activity of the balancing-side deep masseter in
anthropoids is linked to lateral-transverse bending, or
wishboning, of their mandibular symphyses. Subsequently, the
stresses incurred during wishboning are hypothesized to be a
proximate reason for strengthening, and hence fusion, of the
anthropoid symphysis. Thus, the absence of this
muscle-firing pattern in ring-tailed lemurs with their
weaker, unfused symphyses provides further correlational
support for the symphyseal fusion late-acting balancing-side
deep masseter hypothesis linking wishboning and symphyseal
strengthening in anthropoids. The early peak activity of the
working-side deep masseter in ring-tailed lemurs is unlike
galagos and most similar to the pattern seen in macaques and
baboons. We hypothesize that this early activity of the
working-side deep masseter moves the lower jaw both
laterally toward the working side and vertically upward, to
position it for the upcoming power stroke. From an
evolutionary perspective, the differences in peak firing
times for the working-side deep masseter between ring-tailed
lemurs and greater galagos indicate that deep masseter
firing patterns are not conserved among strepsirrhines.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20307},
Key = {fds313890}
}
@article{fds313893,
Author = {Wall, CE and Vinyard, CJ and Johnson, KR and Williams, SH and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Phase II jaw movements and masseter muscle activity during
chewing in Papio anubis.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {129},
Number = {2},
Pages = {215-224},
Year = {2006},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16278877},
Abstract = {It was proposed that the power stroke in primates has two
distinct periods of occlusal contact, each with a
characteristic motion of the mandibular molars relative to
the maxillary molars. The two movements are called phase I
and phase II, and they occur sequentially in that order (Kay
and Hiiemae [1974] Am J. Phys. Anthropol. 40:227-256, Kay
and Hiiemae [1974] Prosimian Biology, Pittsburgh: University
of Pittsburgh Press, p. 501-530). Phase I movement is said
to be associated with shearing along a series of crests,
producing planar phase I facets and crushing on surfaces on
the basins of the molars. Phase I terminates in centric
occlusion. Phase II movement is said to be associated with
grinding along the same surfaces that were used for crushing
at the termination of phase I. Hylander et al. ([1987] Am J.
Phys. Anthropol. 72:287-312; see also Hiiemae [1984] Food
Acquisition and Processing, London: Academic Press, p.
257-281; Hylander and Crompton [1980] Am J. Phys. Anthropol.
52:239-251, [1986] Arch. Oral. Biol. 31:841-848) analyzed
data on macaques and suggested that phase II movement may
not be nearly as significant for food breakdown as phase I
movement simply because, based on the magnitude of
mandibular bone strain patterns, adductor muscle and
occlusal forces are likely negligible during movement out of
centric occlusion. Our goal is to better understand the
functional significance of phase II movement within the
broader context of masticatory kinematics during the power
stroke. We analyze vertical and transverse mandibular motion
and relative activity of the masseter and temporalis muscles
during phase I and II movements in Papio anubis. We test
whether significant muscle activity and, by inference,
occlusal force occurs during phase II movement. We find that
during phase II movement, there is negligible force
developed in the superficial and deep masseter and the
anterior and posterior temporalis muscles. Furthermore,
mandibular movements are small during phase II compared to
phase I. These results suggest that grinding during phase II
movement is of minimal importance for food breakdown, and
that most food breakdown on phase II facets occurs primarily
at the end of phase I movement (i.e., crushing during phase
I movement). We note, however, that depending on the
orientation of phase I facets, significant grinding also
occurs along phase I facets during phase
I.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20290},
Key = {fds313893}
}
@article{fds313886,
Author = {Hylander, WL and Wall, CE and Vinyard, CJ and Ross, C and Ravosa, MR and Williams, SH and Johnson, KR},
Title = {Temporalis function in anthropoids and strepsirrhines: an
EMG study.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {128},
Number = {1},
Pages = {35-56},
Year = {2005},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15714512},
Abstract = {The major purpose of this study is to analyze anterior and
posterior temporalis muscle force recruitment and firing
patterns in various anthropoid and strepsirrhine primates.
There are two specific goals for this project. First, we
test the hypothesis that in addition to transversely
directed muscle force, the evolution of symphyseal fusion in
primates may also be linked to vertically directed
balancing-side muscle force during chewing (Hylander et al.
[2000] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 112:469-492). Second, we test
the hypothesis of whether strepsirrhines retain the
hypothesized primitive mammalian condition for the firing of
the anterior temporalis, whereas anthropoids have the
derived condition (Weijs [1994] Biomechanics of Feeding in
Vertebrates; Berlin: Springer-Verlag, p. 282-320).
Electromyographic (EMG) activities of the left and right
anterior and posterior temporalis muscles were recorded and
analyzed in baboons, macaques, owl monkeys, thick-tailed
galagos, and ring-tailed lemurs. In addition, as we used the
working-side superficial masseter as a reference muscle, we
also recorded and analyzed EMG activity of the left and
right superficial masseter in these primates. The data for
the anterior temporalis provided no support for the
hypothesis that symphyseal fusion in primates is linked to
vertically directed jaw muscle forces during mastication.
Thus, symphyseal fusion in primates is most likely mainly
linked to the timing and recruitment of transversely
directed forces from the balancing-side deep masseter
(Hylander et al. [2000] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.
112:469-492). In addition, our data demonstrate that the
firing patterns for the working- and balancing-side anterior
temporalis muscles are near identical in both strepsirrhines
and anthropoids. Their working- and balancing-side anterior
temporalis muscles fire asynchronously and reach peak
activity during the power stroke. Similarly, their working-
and balancing-side posterior temporalis muscles also fire
asynchronously and reach peak activity during the power
stroke. Compared to these strepsirrhines, however, the
balancing-side posterior temporalis of anthropoids appears
to have a relatively delayed firing pattern. Moreover, based
on their smaller W/B ratios, anthropoids demonstrate a
relative increase in muscle-force recruitment of the
balancing-side posterior temporalis. This in turn suggests
that anthropoids may emphasize the duration and magnitude of
the power stroke during mastication. This hypothesis,
however, requires additional testing. Furthermore, during
the latter portion of the power stroke, the late activity of
the balancing-side posterior temporalis of anthropoids
apparently assists the balancing-side deep masseter in
driving the working-side molars through the terminal portion
of occlusion.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20058},
Key = {fds313886}
}
@article{fds313887,
Author = {Vinyard, CJ and Williams, SH and Wall, CE and Johnson, KR and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Jaw-muscle electromyography during chewing in Belanger's
treeshrews (Tupaia belangeri).},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {127},
Number = {1},
Pages = {26-45},
Year = {2005},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486965},
Abstract = {We examined masseter and temporalis recruitment and firing
patterns during chewing in five male Belanger's treeshrews
(Tupaia belangeri), using electromyography (EMG). During
chewing, the working-side masseters tend to show almost
three times more scaled EMG activity than the balancing-side
masseters. Similarly, the working-side temporalis muscles
have more than twice the scaled EMG activity of the
balancing-side temporalis. The relatively higher activity in
the working-side muscles suggests that treeshrews recruit
less force from their balancing-side muscles during chewing.
Most of the jaw-closing muscles in treeshrews can be sorted
into an early-firing or late-firing group, based on
occurrence of peak activity during the chewing cycle.
Specifically, the first group of jaw-closing muscles to
reach peak activity consists of the working-side anterior
and posterior temporalis and the balancing-side superficial
masseter. The balancing-side anterior and posterior
temporalis and the working-side superficial masseter peak
later in the power stroke. The working-side deep masseter
peaks, on average, slightly before the working-side
superficial masseter. The balancing-side deep masseter
typically peaks early, at about the same time as the
balancing-side superficial masseter. Thus, treeshrews are
unlike nonhuman anthropoids that peak their working-side
deep masseters early and their balancing-side deep masseters
late in the power stroke. Because in anthropoids the late
firing of the balancing-side deep masseter contributes to
wishboning of the symphysis, the treeshrew EMG data suggest
that treeshrews do not routinely wishbone their symphyses
during chewing. Based on the treeshrew EMG data, we
speculate that during chewing, primitive euprimates 1)
recruited more force from the working-side jaw-closing
muscles as compared to the balancing-side muscles, 2) fired
an early group of jaw-closing muscles followed by a second
group of muscles that peaked later in the power stroke, 3)
did not fire their working-side deep masseter significantly
earlier than their working-side superficial masseter, and 4)
did not routinely fire their balancing-side deep masseter
after the working-side superficial masseter.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20176},
Key = {fds313887}
}
@article{fds313937,
Author = {Vinyard, CJ and Wall, CE and Williams, SH and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Comparative functional analysis of skull morphology of
tree-gouging primates.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {120},
Number = {2},
Pages = {153-170},
Year = {2003},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12541333},
Abstract = {Many primates habitually feed on tree exudates such as gums
and saps. Among these exudate feeders, Cebuella pygmaea,
Callithrix spp., Phaner furcifer, and most likely Euoticus
elegantulus elicit exudate flow by biting into trees with
their anterior dentition. We define this behavior as
gouging. Beyond the recent publication by Dumont ([1997] Am
J Phys Anthropol 102:187-202), there have been few attempts
to address whether any aspect of skull form in gouging
primates relates to this specialized feeding behavior.
However, many researchers have proposed that tree gouging
results in larger bite force, larger internal skull loads,
and larger jaw gapes in comparison to other chewing and
biting behaviors. If true, then we might expect primate
gougers to exhibit skull modifications that provide
increased abilities to produce bite forces at the incisors,
withstand loads in the skull, and/or generate large gapes
for gouging. We develop 13 morphological predictions based
on the expectation that gouging involves relatively large
jaw forces and/or jaw gapes. We compare skull shapes for P.
furcifer to five cheirogaleid taxa, E. elegantulus to six
galagid species, and C. jacchus to two tamarin species, so
as to assess whether gouging primates exhibit these
predicted morphological shapes. Our results show little
morphological evidence for increased force-production or
load-resistance abilities in the skulls of these gouging
primates. Conversely, these gougers tend to have skull
shapes that are advantageous for creating large gapes. For
example, all three gouging species have significantly lower
condylar heights relative to the toothrow at a given
mandibular length in comparison with closely related,
nongouging taxa. Lowering the height of the condyle relative
to the mandibular toothrow should reduce the stretching of
the masseters and medial pterygoids during jaw opening, as
well as position the mandibular incisors more anteriorly at
wide jaw gapes. In other words, the lower incisors will
follow a more vertical trajectory during both jaw opening
and closing. We predict, based on these findings, that
tree-gouging primates do not generate unusually large
forces, but that they do use relatively large gapes during
gouging. Of course, in vivo data on jaw forces and jaw gapes
are required to reliably assess skull functions during
gouging.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.10129},
Key = {fds313937}
}
@article{fds94055,
Title = {Hylander, W.L., Wall, C.E., Vinyard, C.J., Ross, C.F.,
Ravosa, M.J., and K.R. Johnson. Jaw Adductor Force and
Symphyseal Fusion. In: Shaping Primate Evolution,
F. Anapol, R. German and N. Jablonski (eds). Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, UK (in press).},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds94055}
}
@article{fds94056,
Title = {Vinyard, C.J., Ravosa, M.J., Wall, C.E., Williams, S.H.,
Johnson, K.R., and W.L. Hylander. Functinal Morphology of
the Primate Masticatory Apparatus and the Origin of
Primates. In Ravosa, M.J. and M. Dagosto (eds).
Primate Origins and Adaptations: A Multidisciplinary
Perspective. Kluwer Press: New York (in
press).},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds94056}
}
@article{fds94058,
Title = {Hylander, W.L., Wall, C.E., Vinyard, C.J., Ross, C.F.,
Ravosa, M.J., and K.R. Johnson. Temporalis function in
nonhuman anthropoids and strepsirrhines: An EMG study.
(Amer. J. Phys. Anthrop., submitted).},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds94058}
}
@article{fds313910,
Author = {Schmitt, D and Churchill, SE and Hylander, WL},
Title = {Experimental evidence concerning spear use in Neandertals
and early modern humans},
Journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science},
Volume = {30},
Number = {1},
Pages = {103-114},
Year = {2003},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jasc.2001.0814},
Abstract = {Can a bimanual activity such as thrusting a spear during
hunting produce bilateral asymmetries in the strength of the
upper limbs? This question is important to arguments about
the predatory capabilities of Neandertals and early modern
humans. To address this question, we determined the
magnitude and direction of reaction forces on the upper
limbs during thrusting spear use. We collected lateral video
records of eight adults thrusting an instrumented aluminum
rod into a padded target. This "spear" was instrumented with
two sets of four strain gauges placed at two positions along
the shaft to register the force along the shaft and the
distribution of those forces relative to the two limbs. From
the gauge output and video we were able to calculate loads
experienced by the trailing limb (holding the proximal
spear) and the leading limb (holding the distal spear) as
well as approximate bending moments along the trailing limb.
The trailing limb provides a significantly greater portion
of the force during spear impact and when the spear is held
forcefully on the target. The loads on this limb at spear
impact are twice body weight and the bending moments on the
trailing humerus are large and appear to occur primarily in
the parasagittal plane. These data, in combination with
fossil humeral cross-sectional data and the lack of evidence
for throwing spears among Eurasian Neandertals, suggest that
previously documented humeral strength asymmetries in
Eurasian Neandertals and early Upper Palcolithic Modern
human males can be plausibly linked to spear thrusting. ©
2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1006/jasc.2001.0814},
Key = {fds313910}
}
@article{fds240462,
Author = {Williams, SH and Wall, CE and Vinyard, CJ and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {A biomechanical analysis of skull form in gum-harvesting
galagids.},
Journal = {Folia primatologica; international journal of
primatology},
Volume = {73},
Number = {4},
Pages = {197-209},
Year = {2002},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0015-5713},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12399659},
Keywords = {Animals Biomechanics* Body Weight Dentition Feeding
Behavior* Female Galago Jaw Male Resins, Plant Skull anatomy
& histology anatomy & histology* physiology
physiology*},
Abstract = {Among primates, some highly gummivorous species habitually
gouge trees to elicit exudate flow whereas others scrape the
hardened gums from trees. These foraging behaviors are
thought to require high external forces at the anterior
dentition. In this study, we test whether skull form in
gouging and scraping galagids corresponds to this suggested
need to produce these higher external forces and to resist
increased internal loads in the jaws. We find few consistent
morphological patterns linking skull form and the generation
of high forces during gouging. However, there is some
tendency for gougers and scrapers to show increased load
resistance capabilities in their mandibles. Future research
on the mechanical properties of trees exploited by these
species and on jaw function during gouging and scraping will
improve our understanding of the mechanical demands of gum
feeding on the galagid skull form.},
Doi = {10.1159/000065429},
Key = {fds240462}
}
@article{fds94024,
Title = {Schmitt, D., Churchill, S.E. and W.L. Hylander. Experimental
evidence concerning spear use in Neandertals and early
modern humans. J. Arch. Sci., 30:103-114.},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds94024}
}
@article{fds94025,
Title = {Wall, C.E., Vinyard, C.J., Johnson, K.R., Willaims, S.H.,
and W.L. Hylander. A preliminary study of phase II
occlusal movements during chewing in Papio.
(Amer. J. Phys. Anthrop., submitted)},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds94025}
}
@article{fds94053,
Title = {Hylander, W. L. and K.R. Johnson. Functional morphology
and in vivo bone strain patterns in the craniofacial
region of primates. In: Reconstructing Behavior in the
Primate Fossil Record. M. Plavcan, W. Jungers, R. Kay
and C. van Schaik (eds.). Plenum Press, New York, pp
43-72.},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds94053}
}
@article{fds94054,
Title = {Vinyard, C.J., Wall, C.E., Williams, S.H. and W.L. Hylander.
Comparative functional analysis of skull morphology of
tree-gouging primates (Amer. J. Phys. Anthrop., in
press).},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds94054}
}
@article{fds94057,
Title = {Vinyard, C.J., Williams, S.H., Wall, C.E., Johnson, K.R.,
and W.L. Hylander. ∏Jaw-muscle electromyography during
chewing in Belanger's treeshrews (Tupaia belangeri).
(Amer. J. Phys. Anthrop., submitted)},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds94057}
}
@article{fds240463,
Author = {Ravosa, MJ and Vinyard, CJ and Hylander, WL},
Title = {Stressed out: masticatory forces and primate circumorbital
form.},
Journal = {Anatomical Record},
Volume = {261},
Number = {5},
Pages = {173-175},
Year = {2000},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0003-276X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11058216},
Keywords = {Animals Evolution Facial Bones Frontal Bone Frontal Sinus
Humans Mastication* anatomy & histology anatomy & histology*
physiology},
Key = {fds240463}
}
@article{fds240455,
Author = {Hylander, WL and Ravosa, MJ and Ross, CF and Wall, CE and Johnson,
KR},
Title = {Symphyseal fusion and jaw-adductor muscle force: an EMG
study.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {112},
Number = {4},
Pages = {469-492},
Year = {2000},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10918125},
Keywords = {Animals Aotidae Biomechanics Bite Force Electromyography
Evolution Galago Macaca Masticatory Muscles Maxillofacial
Development Models, Biological* Papio Primates physiology
physiology* veterinary*},
Abstract = {The purpose of this study is to test various hypotheses
about balancing-side jaw muscle recruitment patterns during
mastication, with a major focus on testing the hypothesis
that symphyseal fusion in anthropoids is due mainly to
vertically- and/or transversely-directed jaw muscle forces.
Furthermore, as the balancing-side deep masseter has been
shown to play an important role in wishboning of the macaque
mandibular symphysis, we test the hypothesis that primates
possessing a highly mobile mandibular symphysis do not
exhibit the balancing-side deep masseter firing pattern that
causes wishboning of the anthropoid mandible. Finally, we
also test the hypothesis that balancing-side muscle
recruitment patterns are importantly related to allometric
constraints associated with the evolution of increasing body
size. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the left and right
superficial and deep masseters were recorded and analyzed in
baboons, macaques, owl monkeys, and thick-tailed galagos.
The masseter was chosen for analysis because in the frontal
projection its superficial portion exerts force primarily in
the vertical (dorsoventral) direction, whereas its deep
portion has a relatively larger component of force in the
transverse direction. The symphyseal fusion-muscle
recruitment hypothesis predicts that unlike anthropoids,
galagos develop bite force with relatively little
contribution from their balancing-side jaw muscles. Thus,
compared to galagos, anthropoids recruit a larger percentage
of force from their balancing-side muscles. If true, this
means that during forceful mastication, galagos should have
working-side/balancing-side (W/B) EMG ratios that are
relatively large, whereas anthropoids should have W/B ratios
that are relatively small. The EMG data indicate that
galagos do indeed have the largest average W/B ratios for
both the superficial and deep masseters (2.2 and 4.4,
respectively). Among the anthropoids, the average W/B ratios
for the superficial and deep masseters are 1.9 and 1.0 for
baboons, 1.4 and 1.0 for macaques, and both values are 1.4
for owl monkeys. Of these ratios, however, the only
significant difference between thick-tailed galagos and
anthropoids are those associated with the deep masseter.
Furthermore, the analysis of masseter firing patterns
indicates that whereas baboons, macaques and owl monkeys
exhibit the deep masseter firing pattern associated with
wishboning of the macaque mandibular symphysis, galagos do
not exhibit this firing pattern. The allometric
constraint-muscle recruitment hypothesis predicts that
larger primates must recruit relatively larger amounts of
balancing-side muscle force so as to develop equivalent
amounts of bite force. Operationally this means that during
forceful mastication, the W/B EMG ratios for the superficial
and deep masseters should be negatively correlated with body
size. Our analysis clearly refutes this hypothesis. As
already noted, the average W/B ratios for both the
superficial and deep masseter are largest in thick-tailed
galagos, and not, as predicted by the allometric constraint
hypothesis, in owl monkeys, an anthropoid whose body size is
smaller than that of thick-tailed galagos. Our analysis also
indicates that owl monkeys have W/B ratios that are small
and more similar to those of the much larger-sized baboons
and macaques. Thus, both the analysis of the W/B EMG ratios
and the muscle firing pattern data support the hypothesis
that symphyseal fusion and transversely-directed muscle
force in anthropoids are functionally linked. This in turn
supports the hypothesis that the evolution of symphyseal
fusion in anthropoids is an adaptation to strengthen the
symphysis so as to counter increased wishboning stress
during forceful unilateral mastication. (ABSTRACT
TRUNCATED)},
Doi = {10.1002/1096-8644(200008)112:4<469::AID-AJPA5>3.0.CO;2-V},
Key = {fds240455}
}
@article{fds240456,
Author = {Ross, CF and Hylander, WL},
Title = {Electromyography of the anterior temporalis and masseter
muscles of owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus) and the function
of the postorbital septum.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {112},
Number = {4},
Pages = {455-468},
Year = {2000},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10918124},
Keywords = {Animals Aotidae Biomechanics Bite Force Electromyography
Evolution Incisor Masseter Muscle Models, Biological*
Phylogeny Temporal Muscle physiology physiology*
veterinary*},
Abstract = {Anthropoids and tarsiers are distinguished from all other
vertebrates by the possession of a postorbital septum, which
is formed by the frontal, alisphenoid, and zygomatic bones.
Cartmill [(1980) In: Evolutionary Biology of the New World
Monkeys and Continental Drift. New York: Plenum, p 243-274]
suggested that the postorbital septum evolved in the stem
lineage of tarsiers and anthropoids to insulate the eye from
movements arising in the temporal fossa. Ross [(1996) Am J
Phys Anthropol 91:305-324] suggested that the septum
insulates the orbital contents from incursions by the line
of action of the anterior temporal muscles caused by the
unique combination of high degrees of orbital frontation and
convergence. Both of these hypotheses must explain why
insulation of the orbital contents could not be achieved by
decreasing the size of the anterior temporal musculature
with a corresponding increase in size of the remaining jaw
adductors, rather than evolving a postorbital septum. One
possibility is that the anterior temporalis is an important
contributor to vertically directed bite forces during all
biting and chewing activities. Another possibility is that
reduction in anterior temporal musculature would compromise
the ability to produce powerful bite forces, either at the
incisors or along the postcanine toothrow. To evaluate these
hypotheses, electromyographic (EMG) recordings were made
from the masseter muscle and the anterior and posterior
portions of the temporalis muscles of two owl monkeys, Aotus
trivirgatus. The EMG data indicate that anterior temporalis
activity relative to that of the superficial masseter is
lower during incision than mastication. In addition,
activity of the anterior temporalis is not consistently
higher than the posterior temporalis during incision. The
data indicate relatively greater activity of anterior
temporalis compared to other muscles during isometric biting
on the postcanine toothrow. This may be due to decreased
activity in superficial masseter and posterior temporalis,
rather than elevated anterior temporalis activity. The
anterior temporalis is not consistently less variable in
activity than the superficial masseter and posterior
temporalis. The EMG data gathered here indicate no reason
for suggesting that the anterior temporal muscles in
anthropoids are utilized especially for incisal preparation
of hard fruits. Maintenance of relatively high EMG activity
in anterior temporalis across a wide range of biting
behaviors is to be expected in a vertically oriented and
rostrally positioned muscle such as this because, compared
to the posterior temporalis, superficial masseter and medial
pterygoid, it can contribute relatively larger vertical
components of force to bites along the postcanine toothrow.
The in vivo data do not support this hypothesis, possibly
because of effects of bite point and bite force
orientation.},
Doi = {10.1002/1096-8644(200008)112:4<455::AID-AJPA4>3.0.CO;2-4},
Key = {fds240456}
}
@article{fds240458,
Author = {Dechow, PC and Hylander, WL},
Title = {Elastic properties and masticatory bone stress in the
macaque mandible.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {112},
Number = {4},
Pages = {553-574},
Year = {2000},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10918129},
Keywords = {Animals Biomechanics Elasticity Female Macaca fascicularis
Mandible Mastication Models, Biological* Stress, Mechanical
Weight-Bearing physiology*},
Abstract = {One important limitation of mechanical analyses with strain
gages is the difficulty in directly estimating patterns of
stress or loading in skeletal elements from strain
measurements. Because of the inherent anisotropy in cortical
bone, orientation of principal strains and stresses do not
necessarily coincide, and it has been demonstrated
theoretically that such differences may be as great as 45
degrees (Cowin and Hart, 1990). Likewise, relative
proportions of stress and strain magnitudes may differ. This
investigation measured the elastic properties of a region of
cortical bone on both the buccal and lingual surfaces of the
lower border of the macaque mandible. The elastic property
data was then combined with macaque mandibular strain data
from published and a new in vivo strain gage experiment to
determine directions and magnitudes of maximum and minimum
principal stresses. The goal was to compare the stresses and
strains and assess the differences in orientation and
relative magnitude between them. The main question was
whether these differences might lead to different
interpretations of mandibular function. Elastic and shear
moduli, and Poisson's ratios were measured using an
ultrasonic technique from buccal and lingual cortical
surfaces in 12 macaque mandibles. Mandibular strain gage
data were taken from a published set of experiments
(Hylander, 1979), and from a new experiment in which rosette
strain gauges were fixed to the buccal and lingual cortices
of the mandibular corpus of an adult female Macaca
fascicularis, after which bone strain was recorded during
mastication. Averaged elastic properties were combined with
strain data to calculate an estimate of stresses in the
mandibular corpus. The elastic properties were similar to
those of the human mandibular cortex. Near its lower border,
the macaque mandible was most stiff in a longitudinal
direction, less stiff in an inferosuperior direction, and
least stiff in a direction normal to the bone's surface. The
lingual aspect of the mandible was slightly stiffer than the
buccal aspect. Magnitudes of stresses calculated from
average strains ranged from a compressive stress of -16.00
GPa to a tensile stress of 8.84 GPa. The orientation of the
principal stresses depended on whether the strain gage site
was on the working or balancing side. On the balancing side
of the mandibles, maximum principal stresses were oriented
nearly perpendicular to the lower border of the mandible. On
the working side of the mandibles, the orientation of the
maximum principal stresses was more variable than on the
balancing side, indicating a larger range of possible
mechanisms of loading. Near the lower border of the
mandible, differences between the orientation of stresses
and strains were 12 degrees or less. Compared to ratios
between maximum and minimum strains, ratios between maximum
and minimum stresses were more divergent from a ratio of
1.0. Results did not provide any major reinterpretations of
mandibular function in macaques, but rather confirmed and
extended existing work. The differences between stresses and
strains on the balancing side of the mandible generally
supported the view that during the power stroke the mandible
was bent and slightly twisted both during mastication and
transducer biting. The calculated stresses served to
de-emphasize the relative importance of torsion. On the
working side, the greater range of variability in the stress
analysis compared to the strain analysis suggested that a
more detailed examination of loadings and stress patterns in
each individual experiment would be useful to interpret the
results. Torsion was evident on the working side; but in a
number of experiments, further information was needed to
interpret other superimposed regional loading patterns,
which may have included parasagittal bending and reverse
parasagittal bending.},
Doi = {10.1002/1096-8644(200008)112:4<553::AID-AJPA9>3.0.CO;2-R},
Key = {fds240458}
}
@article{fds240460,
Author = {Daegling, DJ and Hylander, WL},
Title = {Experimental observation, theoretical models, and
biomechanical inference in the study of mandibular
form.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {112},
Number = {4},
Pages = {541-551},
Year = {2000},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10918128},
Keywords = {Animals Biomechanics Hominidae Humans Mandible Mastication
Models, Biological* Primates Weight-Bearing
physiology*},
Abstract = {Experimental studies and mathematical models are disparate
approaches for inferring the stress and strain environment
in mammalian jaws. Experimental designs offer accurate,
although limited, characterization of biomechanical
behavior, while mathematical approaches (finite element
modeling in particular) offer unparalleled precision in
depiction of strain magnitudes, directions, and gradients
throughout the mandible. Because the empirical
(experimental) and theoretical (mathematical) perspectives
differ in their initial assumptions and their proximate
goals, the two methods can yield divergent conclusions about
how masticatory stresses are distributed in the dentary.
These different sources of inference may, therefore,
tangibly influence subsequent biological interpretation. In
vitro observation of bone strain in primate mandibles under
controlled loading conditions offers a test of finite
element model predictions. Two issues which have been
addressed by both finite element models and experimental
approaches are: (1) the distribution of torsional shear
strains in anthropoid jaws and (2) the dissipation of bite
forces in the human alveolar process. Not surprisingly, the
experimental data and mathematical models agree on some
issues, but on others exhibit discordance. Achieving
congruence between these methods is critical if the nature
of the relationship of masticatory stress to mandibular form
is to be intelligently assessed. A case study of
functional/mechanical significance of gnathic morphology in
the hominid genus Paranthropus offers insight into the
potential benefit of combining theoretical and experimental
approaches. Certain finite element analyses claim to have
identified a biomechanical problem unrecognized in previous
comparative work, which, in essence, is that the enlarged
transverse dimensions of the postcanine corpus may have a
less important role in resisting torsional stresses than
previously thought. Experimental data have identified
subperiosteal cortical thinning as a culprit in diminishing
the role of cross-sectional geometry in conditioning the
strain environment. These observations raise questions
concerning the biomechanical significance of mandibular form
in early hominids, fueling persistent arguments over whether
gnathic morphology can be related to dietary specialization
in the "robust" australopithecines. Nonmechanical
explanations (e.g., tooth size or body size) for
Paranthropus mandibular dimensions, however, are not
compelling as competing hypotheses. Both theoretical and
experimental models are in need of refinement before it is
possible to conclude that the jaws of the "robust"
australopithecines are not functionally linked to elevated
masticatory loads.},
Doi = {10.1002/1096-8644(200008)112:4<541::AID-AJPA8>3.0.CO;2-Z},
Key = {fds240460}
}
@article{fds240461,
Author = {Ravosa, MJ and Johnson, KR and Hylander, WL},
Title = {Strain in the galago facial skull.},
Journal = {Journal of Morphology},
Volume = {245},
Number = {1},
Pages = {51-66},
Year = {2000},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0362-2525},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10861831},
Keywords = {Animals Facial Bones Galago Male Mastication Models,
Biological Orbit Stress, Mechanical Torsion physiology
physiology*},
Abstract = {Little experimental work has been directed at understanding
the distribution of stresses along the facial skull during
routine masticatory behaviors. Such information is important
for understanding the functional significance of the
mammalian circumorbital region. In this study, bone strain
was recorded along the dorsal interorbit, postorbital bar,
and mandibular corpus in Otolemur garnettii and O.
crassicaudatus (greater galagos) during molar chewing and
biting. We determined principal-strain magnitudes and
directions, compared peak shear-strain magnitudes between
various regions of the face, and compared galago strain
patterns with similar experimental data for anthropoids.
This suite of analyses were used to test the facial torsion
model (Greaves [1985] J Zool (Lond) 207:125-136; [1991] Zool
J Linn Soc 101:121-129; [1995] Functional morphology in
vertebrate paleontology. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, p 99-115). A comparison of galago circumorbital and
mandibular peak strains during powerful mastication
indicates that circumorbital strains are very low in
magnitude. This demonstrates that, as in anthropoids, the
strepsirhine circumorbital region is highly overbuilt for
countering routine masticatory loads. The fact that
circumorbital peak-strain magnitudes are uniformly low in
both primate suborders undermines any model that emphasizes
the importance of masticatory stresses as a determinant of
circumorbital form, function, and evolution. Preliminary
data also suggest that the difference between mandibular and
circumorbital strains is greater in larger-bodied primates.
This pattern is interpreted to mean that sufficient cortical
bone must exist in the circumorbital region to prevent
structural failure due to nonmasticatory traumatic forces.
During unilateral mastication, the direction of epsilon(1)
at the galago dorsal interorbit indicates the presence of
facial torsion combined with bending in the frontal plane.
Postorbital bar principal-strain directions during
mastication are oriented, on average, very close to 45
degrees relative to the skull's long axis, much as predicted
by the facial torsion model. When chewing shifts from one
side of the face to the other, there is a characteristic
reversal or flip-flop in principal-strain directions for
both the interorbit and postorbital bar. Although
anthropoids also exhibit an interorbital reversal pattern,
peak-strain directions for this clade are opposite those for
galagos. The presence of such variation may be due to
suborder differences in relative balancing-side jaw-muscle
force recruitment. Most importantly, although the
strain-direction data for the galago circumorbital region
offer support for the occurrence of facial torsion, the low
magnitude of these strains suggests that this loading
pattern may not be an important determinant of circumorbital
morphology.},
Doi = {10.1002/1097-4687(200007)245:1<51::AID-JMOR4>3.0.CO;2-7},
Key = {fds240461}
}
@article{fds240454,
Author = {Ravosa, MJ and Noble, VE and Hylander, WL and Johnson, KR and Kowalski,
EM},
Title = {Masticatory stress, orbital orientation and the evolution of
the primate postorbital bar.},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {38},
Number = {5},
Pages = {667-693},
Year = {2000},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10799259},
Keywords = {Animals Bite Force Evolution* Mandible Orbit Primates Skull
Visual Acuity anatomy & histology anatomy & histology*
physiology},
Abstract = {A postorbital bar is one of a suite of derived features
which distinguishes basal primates from their putative
sister taxon, plesiadapiforms. Two hypotheses have been put
forward to explain postorbital bar development and variation
in circumorbital form: the facial torsion model and visual
predation hypothesis. To test the facial torsion model, we
employ strain data on circumorbital and mandibular loading
patterns in representative primates with a postorbital bar
and masticatory apparatus similar to basal primates. To
examine the visual predation hypothesis, we employ metric
data on orbit orientation in Paleocene and Eocene primates,
as well as several clades of visual predators and foragers
that vary interspecifically in postorbital bar formation.A
comparison of galago circumorbital and mandibular peak
strains during powerful mastication demonstrates that
circumorbital strains are quite low. This indicates that, as
in anthropoids, the strepsirhine circumorbital region is
excessively overbuilt for countering routine masticatory
loads. The fact that circumorbital peak-strain levels are
uniformly low in both primate suborders undermines any model
which posits that masticatory stresses are determinants of
circumorbital form, function and evolution. This is
interpreted to mean that sufficient cortical bone must exist
to prevent structural failure due to non-masticatory
traumatic forces. Preliminary data also indicate that the
difference between circumorbital and mandibular strains is
greater in larger taxa.Comparative analyses of several
extant analogs suggest that the postorbital bar apparently
provides rigidity to the lateral orbital margins to ensure a
high level of visual acuity during chewing and biting. The
origin of the primate postorbital bar is linked to changes
in orbital convergence and frontation at smaller sizes due
to nocturnal visual predation and increased encephalization.
By incorporating in vivo and fossil data, we reformulate the
visual predation hypothesis of primate origins and thus
offer new insights into major adaptive transformations in
the primate skull.},
Doi = {10.1006/jhev.1999.0380},
Key = {fds240454}
}
@article{fds32689,
Author = {Ravosa, M.J. and Johnson, K.R. and W.L. Hylander},
Title = {Strain in the galago facial skull},
Journal = {Journal of Morphology},
Volume = {245},
Pages = {51-66},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds32689}
}
@article{fds32690,
Author = {W.L. Hylander and Ravosa, M.J. and Ross, C.F. and Wall, C.E. and K.R.
Johnson},
Title = {Symphyseal fusion and jaw-adductor muscle force: An EMG
study},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {112},
Pages = {469-492},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds32690}
}
@article{fds313891,
Author = {Wall, CE and Hylander, WL},
Title = {A comment on: the instantaneous center of rotation during
human jaw opening and its significance in interpreting the
functional meaning of condylar translation (Chen, x., 1998,
Am J phys anthropol 106:35-46)},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {110},
Number = {1},
Pages = {105-107},
Year = {1999},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10490472},
Doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199909)110:1<105::AID-AJPA9>3.0.CO;2},
Key = {fds313891}
}
@article{fds240449,
Author = {W.L. Hylander and Hylander, WL and Ravosa, MJ and Ross, CF and Johnson,
KR},
Title = {Mandibular corpus strain in primates: further evidence for a
functional link between symphyseal fusion and jaw-adductor
muscle force.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {107},
Number = {3},
Pages = {257-271},
Year = {1998},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9821491},
Abstract = {Previous work indicates that compared to adult thick-tailed
galagos, adult long-tailed macaques have much more bone
strain on the balancing-side mandibular corpus during
unilateral isometric molar biting (Hylander [1979a] J.
Morphol. 159:253-296). Recently we have confirmed in these
same two species the presence of similar differences in
bone-strain patterns during forceful mastication. Moreover,
we have also recorded mandibular bone strain patterns in
adult owl monkeys, which are slightly smaller than the
galago subjects. The owl monkey data indicate the presence
of a strain pattern very similar to that recorded for
macaques, and quite unlike that recorded for galagos. We
interpret these bone-strain pattern differences to be
importantly related to differences in balancing-side
jaw-adductor muscle force recruitment patterns. That is,
compared to galagos, macaques and owl monkeys recruit
relatively more balancing-side jaw-adductor muscle force
during forceful mastication. Unlike an earlier study
(Hylander [1979b] J. Morphol. 160:223-240), we are unable to
estimate the actual amount of working-side muscle force
relative to balancing-side muscle force (i.e., the W/B
muscle force ratio) in these species because we have no
reliable estimate of magnitude, direction, and precise
location of the bite force during mastication. A comparison
of the mastication data with the earlier data recorded
during isometric molar biting, however, supports the
hypothesis that the two anthropoids have a small W/B
jaw-adductor muscle force ratio in comparison to
thick-tailed galagos. These data also support the hypothesis
that increased recruitment of balancing-side jaw-adductor
muscle force in anthropoids is functionally linked to the
evolution of symphyseal fusion or strengthening. Moreover,
these data refute the hypothesis that the recruitment
pattern differences between macaques and thick-tailed
galagos are due to allometric factors. Finally, although the
evolution of symphyseal fusion in primates may be linked to
increased stress associated with increased balancing-side
muscle force, it is currently unclear as to whether the
increased force is predominately vertically directed,
transversely directed, or is a near equal combination of
these two force components (cf. Ravosa and Hylander [1994]
In Fleagle and Kay [eds.]: Anthropoid Origins. New York:
Plenum, pp. 447-468).},
Doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199811)107:3<257::AID-AJPA3>3.0.CO;2},
Key = {fds240449}
}
@article{fds313892,
Author = {Hamrick, MW and Churchill, SE and Schmitt, D and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {EMG of the human flexor pollicis longus muscle: implications
for the evolution of hominid tool use.},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {34},
Number = {2},
Pages = {123-136},
Year = {1998},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9503091},
Abstract = {Modern humans possess a distinct and well-developed flexor
pollicis longus muscle, an extrinsic thumb flexor which is
"either rudimentary or absent" in great apes (Straus, 1942,
p. 228). Previous workers (e.g., Napier, 1962; Susman, 1988)
have related the origin of a well-developed flexor pollicis
longus muscle to the acquisition of precision grasping and
stone tool making capabilities in early hominids. The
proposed functional association between flexor pollicis
longus activity, precision grasping, and stone tool
manufacture has, however, never been tested experimentally.
This study uses electromyographic techniques (EMG) to
investigate the role of flexor pollicis longus during a
variety of tool making, tool using, and manipulatory
behaviors in order to determine the functional and
evolutionary significance of the human flexor pollicis
longus muscle. Our results indicate that flexor pollicis
longus is recruited during forceful tool using and stone
tool making behaviors, regardless of the power or precision
grip used to hold the tool. In particular, both stone tool
use and stone tool making employing three- and four-jaw
chuck precision grips elicit consistently high levels of FPL
activity. Flexor pollicis longus activity increases most
when resistance is increased to the thumb's volar pad during
these hammering, cutting, and knapping behaviors. In
contrast, we observed relatively low levels of flexor
pollicis longus activity during the fine manipulation of
food items, the making of slender wooden probes, and the use
of these probes as tools. The paleontological,
archaeological, and experimental data suggest that a
well-developed flexor pollicis longus muscle functioned
initially in the hominid lineage to stabilize the terminal
pollical phalanx against loads applied to the thumb's apical
pad during the frequent and forceful use of unmodified
stones as tools.},
Doi = {10.1006/jhev.1997.0177},
Key = {fds313892}
}
@article{fds313912,
Author = {Daegling, DJ and Hylander, WL},
Title = {Biomechanics of torsion in the human mandible.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {105},
Number = {1},
Pages = {73-87},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9537929},
Abstract = {Comparative investigations of mandibular function among
primates have relied upon elementary structural models to
estimate states of masticatory stress and strain. In these
studies, mandibular corpus morphology is idealized as a
homogeneous, isotropic symmetrical body of invariant
geometry, and this morphological abstraction is used to
infer relative levels of stress and strain in the jaw. In
reality, none of the limiting conditions assumed by these
models is satisfied; consequently, it is prudent to ask
whether this "textbook" engineering approach is valid for
the inference of biomechanical behavior. In this study, the
predictions of various geometric representations of the
mandibular corpus are evaluated against strains recorded in
a sample of human jaws loaded in torsion. Symmetrical
geometrical models (including various "robusticity" shape
indices), although convenient, are probably not consistently
reliable for predicting the distribution of strains in the
corpus. The experimental data suggest that variations in
cortical thickness within sections play a significant role
in determining the profile of relative strains. For
comparative applications, characterization of the corpus as
an asymmetrical hollow ellipse (i.e., with differing
thickness of medial and lateral cortical plates) may provide
a reasonable portrayal of relative strains.},
Doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199801)105:1<73::AID-AJPA7>3.0.CO;2-},
Key = {fds313912}
}
@article{fds94022,
Title = {Hylander, W.L. and K.R. Johnson. In press. Functional
morphology and in vivo bone strain patterns in the
craniofacial region of primates. In: Reconstructing Behavior
in the Primate Fossil Record, M. Plavcan, W. Jungers, R.F.
Kay and C. van Schaik (eds.), Plenum Press, New
York.},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds94022}
}
@article{fds94023,
Title = {Dechow, P.C. and W.L. Hylander. Elastic properties and
masticatory bone stress in the macaque mandible. Am. J.
Phys. Anthrop.},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds94023}
}
@article{fds94047,
Title = {Daegling, D.J. and W.L. Hylander. 1998. Biomechanics of
torsion in the human mandible. Am. J. Phys. Anthrop.
105:73-87.},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds94047}
}
@article{fds94048,
Title = {Hamrick, M.W., Churchill, S.E., Schmitt, D. and W.L.
Hylander. 1998. Tool use in Homo and Australopithecus. J.
Hum. Evol. 34:123-136.},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds94048}
}
@article{fds94049,
Title = {Hylander, W.L., Ravosa, M.J., Ross, C.F. and K.R. Johnson.
1998. Mandibular corpus strain in Primates: Further evidence
for a functional link between symphyseal fusion and
jaw-adductor muscle force. Am. J. Phys. Anthrop.
107:257-271.},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds94049}
}
@article{fds94050,
Title = {Hylander, W.L., Ravos, M.J., Ross, C.F., Wall, C.E. and K.R.
Johnson. Submitted. Symphyseal fusion and jaw-adductor
muscle force: An EMG study. Am. J. Phys.
Anthrop.},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds94050}
}
@article{fds94051,
Title = {Ross, C.F. and W.L. Hylander. Submitted. Electromyography of
the anterior temporalis and masseter muscles of owl monkeys
(Aotus trivirgatus) and the function of the postorbital
septum. Am. J. Phys. Anthrop.},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds94051}
}
@article{fds94052,
Title = {Daegling, D.J. and W.L. Hylander. Submitted. Experimental
observation, theoretical models and biomechanical inference
in the study of mandibular form. Am. J. Phys.
Anthrop.},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds94052}
}
@article{fds313913,
Author = {Daegling, DJ and Hylander, WL},
Title = {Occlusal forces and mandibular bone strain: is the primate
jaw "overdesigned"?},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {33},
Number = {6},
Pages = {705-717},
Year = {1997},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9467777},
Abstract = {Finite element modelling of the function of the periodontium
and surrounding alveolar bone suggests these tissues are
subjected to unusually large strains in comparison with the
bone of the basal mandibular corpus. These studies, in
addition to certain experimental investigations, have led to
the suggestion that the strains experienced in the basal
mandibular corpus are not functionally important. Under this
view, size and shape of the basal corpus are not
functionally linked to masticatory forces. Since previous
comparative investigations have been premised on the
assumption that masticatory strains in the basal corpus are
functionally important, the assertion that masticatory
stresses are concentrated primarily in the alveolar process
undermines the credibility of this body of work. The
hypothesis that the biomechanical effects of masticatory
forces are localized in the alveolar process can be
evaluated by reference to a number of bone strain
investigations, as well as through consideration of current
understanding of bone biology and behavior. Experimental
studies indicate that the effects of occlusal forces during
mastication are quite apparent in alveolar bone, although
relatively large strains are also observed in regions
well-removed from a loaded alveolus. It is also apparent
that both alveolar and basal mandibular bone are subject to
bending and twisting strains associated not only with
occlusal forces, but also with muscular and condylar
reaction forces. The result is that strain levels in
alveolar vs. basal bone may be roughly similar, in
contradiction to some published theoretical models. Based on
empirical evidence and theoretical considerations, it is
premature to conclude that mandibular corpus size and shape
are not functionally linked to the biomechanics of chewing
and biting.},
Doi = {10.1006/jhev.1997.0164},
Key = {fds313913}
}
@article{fds240451,
Author = {W.L. Hylander and Hylander, WL and Johnson, KR},
Title = {In vivo bone strain patterns in the zygomatic arch of
macaques and the significance of these patterns for
functional interpretations of craniofacial
form.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {102},
Number = {2},
Pages = {203-232},
Year = {1997},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9066901},
Abstract = {It has been proposed that the mammalian facial skeleton is
optimized for countering or dissipating masticatory stress.
As optimized load-bearing structures by definition exhibit
maximum strength with a minimum amount of material, this
hypothesis predicts that during chewing and biting there
should be relatively high and near uniform amounts of strain
throughout the facial skeleton. If levels of strain in
certain areas of the facial skeleton are relatively low
during these behaviors, this indicates that the amount of
bone mass in these areas could be significantly reduced
without resulting in the danger of structural failure due to
repeated masticatory loads. Furthermore, and by definition,
this indicates that these areas are not optimized for
countering masticatory stress, and instead their overall
morphology and concentration of bone mass has most likely
been selected or influenced mainly by factors unrelated to
the dissipation or countering of chewing and biting forces.
An analysis of in vivo bone strain along the lateral aspect
of the zygomatic arch of macaques indicates the clear
absence of a high and near uniform strain environment
throughout its extent. Instead, there is a steep strain
gradient along the zygomatic arch, with the highest strains
along its anterior portion, intermediate strains along its
middle portion, and the lowest strains along its posterior
portion. These data, in combination with earlier published
data (Hylander et al., 1991), indicate that levels of
functional strains during chewing and biting are highly
variable from one region of the face to the next, and
therefore it is unlikely that all facial bones are
especially designed so as to minimize bone tissue and
maximize strength for countering masticatory loads. Thus,
the functional significance of the morphology of certain
facial bones need not necessarily bear any important or
special relationship to routine and habitual cyclical
mechanical loads associated with chewing or biting.
Furthermore, the presence of these steep strain gradients
within the facial skeleton suggests that the amount of bone
mass in the low-strain areas may be largely determined by
factors unrelated to processes frequently referred to as
"functional adaptation," or conversely, that the "optimal
strain environment" of bone varies enormously throughout the
facial skeleton (cf., Rubin et al., 1994). Based solely on
anatomical considerations, it is likely that the zygomatic
arch is bent in both the parasagittal and transverse planes
and twisted about its long axis. Due to constraints on
rosette position, the strain data are incapable of
determining if one or more of these loading conditions
predominate. Instead, the strain data simply provide limited
support for the possible presence of all of these loading
regimes. Finally, as the masseter muscle is concentrated
along the anterior portion of the zygomatic arch and as the
arch has fixed ends, the largest shearing forces and the
largest bending and twisting moments are located along its
anterior portion. This in turn explains why the largest
strains are found along the anterior portion of the
zygomatic arch.},
Doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199702)102:2<203::AID-AJPA5>3.0.CO;2},
Key = {fds240451}
}
@article{fds313898,
Author = {Bouvier, M and Hylander, WL},
Title = {Erratum: The mechanical metabolic function of secondary
osteonal bone in the monkey Macaca fascicularis (Archives of
Oral Biology (1996) 41 (941- 950))},
Journal = {Archives of Oral Biology},
Volume = {42},
Number = {3},
Pages = {254},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-9969},
Key = {fds313898}
}
@article{fds94020,
Title = {Daegling, D.J and W.L. Hylander. Occlusal forces and
mandibular bone strain: Is the primate jaw overdesigned? J.
Human Evol., 1997.},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds94020}
}
@article{fds94021,
Title = {Hylander, W. L. Functional anatomy of the masticatory
apparatus. In: Clark's Clinical Dentistry, J. Hardin (ed.),
1997.},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds94021}
}
@article{fds94045,
Title = {Hylander, W.L. and K.R. Johnson. In vivo bone strain
patterns in the zygomatic arch of macaques and the
significance of these patterns for functional
interpretations of craniofacial form. Amer. J. Phys.
Anthrop., 1997, 120: 203-232.},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds94045}
}
@article{fds94046,
Title = {Hylander, W.L. and K.R. Johnson. In vivo bone strain
patterns in the craniofacial region of primates. In:
Occlusion: Science and Practice. C. McNeill, A. Hannam, and
D. Hatcher (eds)., 1997, pp 165-178. Quintessence Publishing
Co., Chicago.},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds94046}
}
@article{fds313900,
Author = {Ross, CF and Hylander, WL},
Title = {In vivo and in vitro bone strain in the owl monkey
circumorbital region and the function of the postorbital
septum.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {101},
Number = {2},
Pages = {183-215},
Year = {1996},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8893085},
Abstract = {Anthropoids and tarsiers are the only vertebrates possessing
a postorbital septum. This septum, formed by the frontal,
alisphenoid, and zygomatic bones, separates the orbital
contents from the temporal muscles. Three hypotheses suggest
that the postorbital septum evolved to resist stresses
acting on the skull during mastication or incision. The
facial-torsion hypothesis posits that the septum resists
twisting of the face about a rostrocaudal axis during
unilateral mastication; the transverse-bending hypothesis
argues that the septum resists caudally directed forces
acting at the lateral orbital margin during mastication or
incision; and the tension hypothesis suggests that the
septum resists ventrally directed components of masseter
muscle force during mastication and incision. This study
evaluates these hypotheses using in vitro and in vivo bone
strain data recorded from the circumorbital region of owl
monkeys. Incisor loading of an owl monkey skull in vitro
bends the face upward in the sagittal plane, compressing the
interorbital region rostrocaudally and "buckling" the
lateral orbital walls. Unilateral loading of the toothrow in
vitro also bends the face in the sagittal plane, compressing
the interorbital region rostrocaudally and buckling the
working side lateral orbital wall. When the lateral orbital
wall is partially cut, so as to reduce the width of its
attachment to the braincase, the following changes in
circumorbital bone strain patterns occur. During loading of
the incisors, lower bone strain magnitudes are recorded in
the interorbital region and lateral orbital walls. In
contrast, during unilateral loading of the P3, higher bone
strain magnitudes are observed in the interorbital region,
and generally lower bone strain magnitudes are observed in
the lateral orbital walls. During unilateral loading of the
M2, higher bone strain magnitudes are observed in both the
interorbital region and in the lateral orbital wall
ipsilateral to the loaded molar. Comparisons of the in vitro
results with data gathered in vivo suggest that, during
incision and unilateral mastication, the face is subjected
to upward bending in the sagittal plane resulting in
rostrocaudal compression of the interorbital region.
Modeling the lateral orbital walls as curved plates suggests
that during mastication the working side wall is buckled due
to the dorsally directed component of the maxillary bite
force which causes upward bending of the face in the
sagittal plane. The balancing side lateral orbital wall may
also be buckled due to upward bending of the face in the
sagittal plane as well as being twisted by the
caudoventrally directed components of the superficial
masseter muscle force. The in vivo data do not exclude the
possibility that the postorbital septum functions to improve
the structural integrity of the postorbital bar during
mastication. However, there is no reason to believe that a
more robust postorbital bar could not also perform this
function. Hypotheses stating that the postorbital septum
originally evolved to reinforce the skull against routine
masticatory loads must explain why, rather than evolving a
postorbital septum, the stem anthropoids did not simply
enlarge their postorbital bars.},
Doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199610)101:2<183::AID-AJPA6>3.0.CO;2},
Key = {fds313900}
}
@article{fds313903,
Author = {Bouvier, M and Hylander, WL},
Title = {The mechanical or metabolic function of secondary osteonal
bone in the monkey Macaca fascicularis.},
Journal = {Archives of Oral Biology},
Volume = {41},
Number = {10},
Pages = {941-950},
Year = {1996},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0003-9969},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9031701},
Abstract = {Secondary osteonal bone is believed by many to serve a
mechanical function, altering the properties and/or
orientation of bone in response to fluctuating mechanical
demands or in the prevention and/or repair of fatigue
microdamage. Based on this belief, secondary osteons should
be concentrated mainly in regions experiencing high
peak-strain conditions. Others contend that secondary
osteonal bone functions primarily in meeting the body's
calcium needs, and should be expected to form principally in
low peak-strain regions so as to avoid compromising the
mechanical strength of the bone. These two hypotheses were
tested by examining the distribution of secondary osteonal
bone in both relatively high- and low-strain regions of the
macaque face. Previous strain-gauge studies have
demonstrated a steep strain gradient in the macaque face,
with relatively high peak strains in the anterior portion of
the zygomatic arch and in the mandibular corpus. Relatively
low peak strains have been found in the posterior portion of
the zygomatic arch and supraorbital bar. Results presented
here show that in the mature macaques, there is no
consistent relation between newly forming secondary osteons
(i.e. those labelled with fluorescent dyes) and peak strain
levels. From these data it is concluded that, in the
non-perturbed adult, either mechanical and metabolic factors
contribute equally to the observed pattern or that
metabolically driven remodelling is initiated without regard
to strain levels. In immature macaques, however, the
relation between peak strain levels and secondary osteon
density is positive, with a significantly higher density of
labelled osteons in the high strain regions. From these data
it is concluded that, in immature individuals, mechanical
factors are predominantly responsible for the initiation of
secondary osteonal remodelling.},
Key = {fds313903}
}
@article{fds313934,
Author = {Hylander, WL and Mayhall, JT},
Title = {Albert A. Dahlberg (1908-1993).},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {99},
Number = {4},
Pages = {627-633},
Year = {1996},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8779344},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330990404},
Key = {fds313934}
}
@article{fds94016,
Title = {Hylander, W.L. and J. T. Mayhall. Albert Dahlbert
(1908-1993). Am. J. Phys. Anthrop. 99:627-633,
1996.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds94016}
}
@article{fds94017,
Title = {Bouvier, M. and W.L. Hylander. The function of secondary
osteonal bone: mechanical or metabolic? Arch. Oral Biol.,
1996 (In press).},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds94017}
}
@article{fds94018,
Title = {Hylander, W.L. Functional anatomy of the masticatory
apparatus. In: Clark's Clinical Dentistry, J. Hardin (ed.),
1996 (In press).},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds94018}
}
@article{fds94019,
Title = {Hamrick, M.W., Churchill, S.E., Schmitt, D. and W.L.
Hylander. Tool use in Homo and Australopithecus. Science,
1996 (In review).},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds94019}
}
@article{fds94038,
Title = {Ross, C. and W.L. Hylander. In vivo and in vitro bone strain
in owl monkey circumorbital region and the function of the
postorbital septum. Am. J. Phys. Anthrop. 101:183-216,
1996.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds94038}
}
@article{fds94039,
Title = {Bouvier, M. and W.L. Hylander. Strain gradients, age, and
levels of modeling and remodeling in the facial bones of
Macaca fascicularis. In: The Biological Mechanisms of Tooth
Movement and Craniofacial Adaptation, Z. Davidovitch and
L.A. Norton (eds.), 1996, pp. 407-412, Harvard Society for
the Advancement of Orthodontics, Boston,
MA.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds94039}
}
@article{fds94040,
Title = {Hylander, W.L. and K.R. Johnson. In vivo bone strain
patterns in the craniofacial region of primates. In:
Occlusion: Science and Practice, C. McNeill, A. Hannam, and
D. Hatcher (eds.), Quintessence, 1996 (In
press).},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds94040}
}
@article{fds94041,
Title = {Hylander, W.L., and K.R. Johnson. In vivo bone strain
patterns in the zygomatic arch of macaques and the
significance of these patterns for functional
interpretations of craniofacial form. Am. J. Phys. Anthrop.,
1996, In press.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds94041}
}
@article{fds94042,
Title = {Daegling, D.J. and W.L. Hylander. Influence of the
periodontium on strain distribution in human mandible. Am.
J. Phys. Anthrop., 1996 (In review).},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds94042}
}
@article{fds94043,
Title = {Hylander, W.L. and K.R. Johnson. Functional morphology and
in vivo bone strain patterns in the craniofacial region of
primates. In: Reconstructing Behavior in the Primate Fossil
Record, M. Plavcan, W. Junger, R. Kay and C. van Schaik
(eds.), Plenum Press, NY, 1996 (In review).},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds94043}
}
@article{fds94044,
Title = {Daegling, D.J. and W.L. Hylander. Biomechanics of torsion in
the human mandible. Am. J. Phys. Anthrop., 1996 (In
review).},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds94044}
}
@article{fds94015,
Title = {Mayhall, J.T. and W.L. Hylander. 1995, pp. XV-XVII Albert
Dahlberg (1908-1993). In: Aspects of Dental Biology:
Palaeontology, Anthropology, and Evolution. J. Moggi-Cecchi
(ed.), Angelo Pontecorboli, Florence.},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds94015}
}
@article{fds94037,
Title = {Hylander, W.L. Memories: generosity, respect and a final
meeting. Dent. Anthrop. 8:13, 1994.},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds94037}
}
@article{fds240450,
Author = {W.L. Hylander and Hylander, WL and Johnson, KR},
Title = {Jaw muscle function and wishboning of the mandible during
mastication in macaques and baboons.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {94},
Number = {4},
Pages = {523-547},
Year = {1994},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7977678},
Abstract = {An analysis of in vivo bone strain indicates that the
mandibular symphysis of macaques experiences lateral
transverse bending or "wishboning" during the power stroke
of mastication, and this loading regime results in
relatively intense concentrations of stress along the
lingual aspect of the symphysis (Hylander 1984, 1985). It
has been hypothesized that peak wishboning of the macaque
mandible, which probably occurs at the very end of the power
stroke, that is, after the initial occurrence of maximum
intercuspation, is associated with the late peak activity of
the balancing-side deep masseter muscle coupled with the
rapid decline in the activity of the balancing-side medial
pterygoid and superficial masseter muscles (Hylander et al.,
1987). The main purpose of this study is to do a detailed
analysis of the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the deep
and superficial masseter and medial pterygoid muscles so as
to provide a better understanding of the external forces
associated with wishboning. This was done by recording and
analyzing EMG activity from the superficial masseter, deep
masseter, and medial pterygoid muscles in macaques and
baboons. EMG activity was recorded from bipolar fine-wire
electrodes, and the data were quantified and analyzed using
digital techniques. The EMG data clearly support our
original observation that the balancing-side posterior deep
masseter exhibits peak EMG activity relatively late in the
power stroke at a time when activity is rapidly decreasing
in the balancing-side medial pterygoid and superficial
masseter muscles. Moreover, peak activity of the
balancing-side deep masseter occurs at a time when the
activity of the working-side deep and superficial masseter
and medial pterygoid muscles are also decreasing. Thus,
these data are consistent with the hypothesis that
wishboning of the mandible is influenced significantly by
the late occurrence of force from the balancing-side deep
masseter. The EMG data also indicate that residual force
from the relaxing superficial masseter may contribute
significantly to wishboning. Finally, patterns of wishboning
are not fully accounted for by our EMG analysis of the deep
and superficial masseter and medial pterygoid muscles. This
is probably because the lateral ptergyoids, which can either
counter increased wishboning or actually cause reverse
wishboning, were not included in our EMG analysis. The EMG
data demonstrate that jaw-closing muscle recruitment
patterns for macaques and baboons differ from those of
humans. Nevertheless, in spite of these differences, it
appears, based on previously published EMG data, that the
human symphysis may also experience wishboning.(ABSTRACT
TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330940407},
Key = {fds240450}
}
@article{fds94033,
Title = {Hylander, W.L. and K.R. Johnson. 1994. Jaw muscle function
and wishboning of the mandible during mastication in
macaques and baboons. Am. J. Phys. Anthrop.
94:523-547.},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds94033}
}
@article{fds94035,
Title = {Hylander, W.L. and K.R. Johnson. Jaw muscle function and
wishboning of the mandible during mastication in macaques
and baboons. Am. J. Phys. Anthrop. 94:523-547,
1994.},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds94035}
}
@article{fds94036,
Title = {Ravosa, M.J. and W.L. Hylander. Function and fusion of the
mandibular symphysis in primates: stiffness or strength?
1994, pp. 447-468. In: Anthropoid Origins, J.G. Fleagle and
R.F. Kay (eds), Plenum Press, New York.},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds94036}
}
@article{fds313923,
Author = {Hylander, WL and Johnson, KR},
Title = {Modelling relative masseter force from surface
electromyograms during mastication in non-human
primates.},
Journal = {Archives of Oral Biology},
Volume = {38},
Number = {3},
Pages = {233-240},
Year = {1993},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0003-9969},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8489417},
Abstract = {The purpose was to analyse the relation between masseter
electromyograms (EMGs) and relative masseter force during
the power stroke of mastication. The electromyographic
activity of the masseter was characterized by recording from
bipolar surface electrodes placed over the superficial
portion of the muscle; relative masseter force was estimated
by characterizing surface bone strain along the lateral
aspect of the zygomatic arch. The subjects were six adult
macaques and one adult baboon. Masseter EMGs were quantified
by r.m.s. analysis of the raw digitized EMG. The length of
the time interval (the time constant) during which the
r.m.s. values were calculated was repeatedly altered so as
to determine which time constant was optimal for producing
an EMG-derived waveform that best mimicked relative masseter
force during the near-isometric phase of muscle contraction.
The data indicate that between subjects this time constant
varied from 35 to 72 ms, with an overall median of 42 ms and
a grand mean of 49 ms. The use of a 42-ms time constant for
all of the subjects resulted in an average latency between
the masseter EMG waveform and relative masseter force of
about 30 ms during the latter portion of the power stroke of
mastication. This analysis provides, as a first
approximation, an empirical basis for modelling relative
jaw-muscle force using surface EMGs recorded during that
portion of the power stroke of mastication when the
jaw-closing muscles are contracting under near isometric
conditions.},
Key = {fds313923}
}
@article{fds313935,
Author = {Ravosa, MJ and Hylander, WL},
Title = {Functional significance of an ossified mandibular symphysis:
A reply},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {90},
Number = {4},
Pages = {509-512},
Year = {1993},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330900412},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330900412},
Key = {fds313935}
}
@article{fds94014,
Title = {Ravosa, M.J. and W.L. Hylander. Functional significance of
an ossified mandibular symphysis: A reply. Am. J. Phys.
Anthrop. 90:509-512, 1993.},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds94014}
}
@article{fds94034,
Title = {Hylander, W.L. and K.R. Johnson. Modelling relative masseter
force from surface electromyograms during mastication in
non-human primates. Arch. Oral Biol. 38:233-240,
1993.},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds94034}
}
@article{fds313922,
Author = {Daegling, DJ and Ravosa, MJ and Johnson, KR and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Influence of teeth, alveoli, and periodontal ligaments on
torsional rigidity in human mandibles.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {89},
Number = {1},
Pages = {59-72},
Year = {1992},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1530062},
Abstract = {We investigated the influence of teeth, periodontal
ligaments, and alveoli on the structural integrity of human
mandibles loaded in torsion. Surface bone strain was
recorded from the mandibular corpus below the first molar on
each of four specimens. These specimens were loaded by an
external force that caused primarily torsion about the long
axis of the corpus, and bone strain was recorded under the
following conditions: 1) all supporting structures intact,
2) all supporting structures intact and the M1 loaded by a
simulated bite force, 3) M1 removed and 4) alveolar bone of
the M1 removed. For comparative purposes, experiments were
also designed to investigate the effects of intermittent
holes on the torsional rigidity of a baboon femur. This
permitted comparison of the mechanical behavior of the
mandibles with that of a more homogeneous bony member. These
experiments suggest that the presence of teeth within
alveoli has a measurable role in the maintenance of
torsional rigidity. The condition of the periodontal
ligament also appears to influence these stress-bearing
capabilities. Moreover, the alveolar bone supporting the
teeth also provides structural support for countering
torsional loads. For the specific case of corpus twisting,
the mandible does not behave as a member with open or closed
sections as predicted by theoretical models. The observed
magnitudes of bone strain, however, conform more closely to
the predictions generated by a closed-section
model.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330890106},
Key = {fds313922}
}
@article{fds240457,
Author = {Hylander, WL and Johnson, KR and Crompton, AW},
Title = {Muscle force recruitment and biomechanical modeling: an
analysis of masseter muscle function during mastication in
Macaca fascicularis.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {88},
Number = {3},
Pages = {365-387},
Year = {1992},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1642322},
Keywords = {Animals Biomechanics Bite Force Cineradiography Electrodes
Electromyography Female Macaca fascicularis Male Masseter
Muscle Mastication Models, Biological* Videotape Recording
Zygoma physiology physiology* veterinary},
Abstract = {The main purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis
that as subjects chew with increasing levels of force, the
ratio of the working- to balancing-side jaw-muscle force
(W/B) decreases and begins to approach 1.0. We did this by
analyzing relative masseter force in Macaca fascicularis
using both strain gage and surface electromyographic (EMG)
techniques. In addition, we also analyzed: 1) the
relationship between jaw position using cineradiographic
techniques and relative masseter force, 2) the timing
differences between relative masseter force from the working
and balancing sides, and 3) the loading and unloading
characteristics of the masseter muscle. Our findings
indicate that when macaques increase the amount of overall
masticatory force during chewing, the W/B ratio for masseter
force frequently (but not always) decreases and begins to
approach 1.0. Therefore, our working hypothesis is not
completely supported because the W/B ratio does not decrease
with increasing levels of force in all subjects. The data
also demonstrate timing differences in masseter force.
During apple-skin mastication, the average peak masseter
force on the working side occurs immediately at or slightly
after the initial occurrence of maximum intercuspation,
whereas the average peak masseter force on the balancing
side occurs well before maximum intercuspation. On average,
we found that peak force from the balancing-side masseter
precedes the working-side masseter by about 26 msec. The
greater the asynchrony between working- and balancing-side
masseter force, the greater the difference in the relative
magnitude of these forces. For example, in the subject with
the greatest asynchrony, the balancing-side masseter had
already fallen to about one-half of peak force when the
working-side masseter reached peak force. Our data also
indicate that the loading and unloading characteristics of
the masseter differ between the working and balancing sides.
Loading (from 50 to 100% of peak force) and unloading (from
100 to 50% of peak force) for the balancing-side masseter
tends to be rather symmetrical. In contrast, the
working-side masseter takes much longer to load from 50 to
100% of peak force than it does to unload from 100 to 50% of
peak force. Finally, it takes on average about 35 msec for
the working-side zygoma and 42 msec for the balancing-side
zygoma to unload from 100 to 50% of peak force during
apple-skin mastication, indicating that the unloading
characteristics of the macaque masseter during mastication
closely approximates its relaxation characteristics (as
determined by muscle stimulation).},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330880309},
Key = {fds240457}
}
@article{fds94013,
Title = {Hylander, W.L., K.R. Johnson and A.W. Crompton. 1992. Muscle
force recruitment and biomechanical modeling: An analysis of
masseter muscle function in Macaca fascicularis. Am. J.
Phys. Anthrop. 88:365-387.},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds94013}
}
@article{fds313924,
Author = {Hylander, WL and Picq, PG and Johnson, KR},
Title = {Masticatory-stress hypotheses and the supraorbital region of
primates.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {86},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-36},
Year = {1991},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1951658},
Abstract = {The purpose of this study is to test various
masticatory-stress hypotheses about the evolution and
function of well-developed browridges of higher primates.
This was done by measuring and analyzing patterns of in vivo
bone strain recorded from three-element rosette strain gages
bonded to the supraorbital region and to other portions of
the bony face of Macaca fascicularis and Papio anubis during
mastication and incision. The magnitude and direction of the
principal strains recorded support Endo's hypothesis that
the supraorbital region during mastication and incision is
bent in the frontal plane (Endo, 1966). Our data do not,
however, support his hypothesis that the supraorbital region
is bent more during incision than during mastication. The
data also demonstrate that overall levels of supraorbital
strain are not larger in more prognathic subjects. Most
importantly, the data indicate that the supraorbital region
of nonhuman catarrhines is strained very little during
mastication and incision. This indicates that there is much
more supraorbital bone than is necessary both to counter
masticatory loads and to provide an adequate safety factor
to failure for these loads. This in turn suggests that the
macaque and baboon browridges can be considerably reduced in
size and still maintain these required structural
characteristics. Thus, our experiments provide no support
whatsoever for those hypotheses that directly link browridge
morphology to masticatory stress (cf. Endo, 1966; Russell,
1983, 1985). A recent review of Endo's original work
indicates that this latter statement is also true for humans
(Picq and Hylander, 1989). We conclude, therefore, that
there is no good reason to believe that enlarged browridges
in living and/or fossil primates are structural adaptations
to counter intense masticatory forces. The evolution of
browridge morphology in primates is best explained on the
basis of factors related to the position of the brain
relative to the orbits (Moss and Young, 1960). When these
structures are widely separated, as in gorillas, the large
intervening space must be bridged with bone. In addition,
enough bone must be present within the supraorbital and
bridged regions to prevent structural failure due to
non-masticatory external forces associated with highly
active primates (e.g., accidental traumatic forces applied
to the orbits and neurocranium). This requirement results in
both pronounced browridges and in much more supraorbital
bone than is necessary to counter routine cyclical stress
during mastication and incision. This in turn explains why
bone strains recorded from the supraorbital region are
extremely small relative to other portions of the primate
face during mastication and incision.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330860102},
Key = {fds313924}
}
@article{fds313921,
Author = {Hylander, WL and Picq, PG and Johnson, KR},
Title = {Function of the supraorbital region of primates.},
Journal = {Archives of Oral Biology},
Volume = {36},
Number = {4},
Pages = {273-281},
Year = {1991},
ISSN = {0003-9969},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2064549},
Abstract = {The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that
the functional significance of well-developed brow-ridges in
primates is to counter powerful masticatory forces during
chewing and biting. This was done by measuring and analysing
patterns of in vivo bone strain recorded from rosette strain
gauges bonded to the supraorbital region of Macaca
fascicularis (the crab-eating or long-tailed monkey) and
Papio anubis (the olive baboon) during mastication and
incision. It was found that the supraorbital region is
strained relatively little during mastication and incision.
This indicates that in macaques and baboons there is much
more supraorbital bone than is needed to counter masticatory
loads, which in turn suggests that their brow-ridges could
be considerably smaller yet still counter masticatory stress
without structural failure. Therefore, there is no good
reason to believe that enlarged brow-ridges in living and/or
fossil primates are structural adaptations to counter
powerful masticatory forces.},
Key = {fds313921}
}
@article{fds240459,
Author = {Picq, PG and Hylander, WL},
Title = {Endo's stress analysis of the primate skull and the
functional significance of the supraorbital
region.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {79},
Number = {3},
Pages = {393-398},
Year = {1989},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2669503},
Keywords = {Animals Bite Force Humans Mastication* Models, Biological*
Primates Skull Stress, Mechanical physiology*},
Abstract = {A review of Endo's experimental and theoretical procedures
and data indicates that the magnitude of the principal
strains in the glabella region of both humans and gorillas
are low as compared to other parts of the face. Therefore,
his data do not provide support for the hypothesis that the
glabella region is a highly stressed region during biting.
In addition, increased levels of strain in the supraorbital
region are directly related to increased levels of
masticatory muscle and reaction forces, and not necessarily
to anterior tooth loading as opposed to posterior tooth
loading. His data also indicate that the supraorbital region
in extant humans cannot be accurately modeled as a beam.
These conclusions either differ from those of Endo or are
not clearly presented or emphasized throughout any of Endo's
papers. Therefore, we suggest that a number of investigators
have made unsupported or erroneous conclusions based on
Endo's work. This is particularly true for those studies
that have emphasized the existence of powerful bending
stress in the glabella region during incisor biting in both
humans and non-human primates.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330790315},
Key = {fds240459}
}
@article{fds313901,
Author = {Hylander, WL and Johnson, KR},
Title = {The relationship between masseter force and masseter
electromyogram during mastication in the monkey Macaca
fascicularis.},
Journal = {Archives of Oral Biology},
Volume = {34},
Number = {9},
Pages = {713-722},
Year = {1989},
ISSN = {0003-9969},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2624563},
Abstract = {In five adult monkeys, electromyograms (EMGs) were recorded
from bipolar surface electrodes positioned over the
superficial masseter and from bipolar fine-wire electrodes
within both the superficial and deep masseter. Relative
masseter force was estimated by measuring surface bone
strain from the lateral aspect of the zygomatic arch using
rosette strain gauges. Multiple step-wise regression
procedures demonstrated that peak values of the averaged
masseter EMG could often explain a considerable amount of
the variation of peak relative masseter force during
mastication, i.e. r2 values ranged from 0.23 to 0.96 for the
various single-electrode models and R2 values ranged from
0.78 to 0.96 for the various multiple-electrode models. The
r2 values for relative masseter force and EMG data from the
surface electrodes ranged from 0.69 to 0.96, and, on
average, EMG data from surface electrodes provided somewhat
more information about overall relative muscle force than
data from fine-wire electrodes. The R2 values for a
two-electrode model, consisting of data from surface
electrodes over the superficial masseter and fine-wire
electrodes in the posterior portion of the deep masseter,
ranged from 0.78 to 0.95. The latency between the averaged
surface EMG and relative muscle force was determined and the
data indicated that the surface EMG usually preceded muscle
force. This latency tended to decrease gradually throughout
the entire power stroke of mastication. At peak values, the
surface EMG preceded muscle force by about 22 ms. Towards
the end of the power stroke, i.e. the 25% of peak values
during unloading, muscle force may actually precede the
average EMG.},
Key = {fds313901}
}
@article{fds313905,
Author = {Picq, PG and Plavcan, JM and Hylander, WL},
Title = {Nonlever action of the mandible: the return of the
hydra.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {74},
Number = {3},
Pages = {305-307},
Year = {1987},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3425696},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330740304},
Key = {fds313905}
}
@article{fds240452,
Author = {W.L. Hylander and Hylander, WL and Johnson, KR and Crompton, AW},
Title = {Loading patterns and jaw movements during mastication in
Macaca fascicularis: a bone-strain, electromyographic, and
cineradiographic analysis.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {72},
Number = {3},
Pages = {287-314},
Year = {1987},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3578494},
Abstract = {Rosette strain gage, electromyography (EMG), and
cineradiographic techniques were used to analyze loading
patterns and jaw movements during mastication in Macaca
fascicularis. The cineradiographic data indicate that
macaques generally swallow frequently throughout a chewing
sequence, and these swallows are intercalated into a chewing
cycle towards the end of a power stroke. The bone strain and
jaw movement data indicate that during vigorous mastication
the transition between fast close and the power stroke is
correlated with a sharp increase in masticatory force, and
they also show that in most instances the jaws of macaques
are maximally loaded prior to maximum intercuspation, i.e.
during phase I (buccal phase) occlusal movements. Moreover,
these data indicate that loads during phase II (lingual
phase) occlusal movements are ordinarily relatively small.
The bone strain data also suggest that the duration of
unloading of the jaw during the power stroke of mastication
is largely a function of the relaxation time of the jaw
adductors. This interpretation is based on the finding that
the duration from 100% peak strain to 50% peak strain during
unloading closely approximates the half-relaxation time of
whole adductor jaw muscles of macaques. The EMG data of the
masseter and medial pterygoid muscles have important
implications for understanding both the biomechanics of the
power stroke and the external forces responsible for the
"wishboning" effect that takes place along the mandibular
symphysis and corpus during the power stroke of mastication.
Although both medial pterygoid muscles reach maximum EMG
activity during the power stroke, the activity of the
working-side medial pterygoid peaks after the balancing-side
medial pterygoid. Associated with the simultaneous increase
of force of the working-side medial pterygoid and the
decrease of force of the balancing-side medial pterygoid is
the persistently high level of EMG activity of the
balancing-side deep masseter (posterior portion). This
pattern is of considerable significance because the
direction of force of both the working-side medial pterygoid
and the balancing-side deep masseter are well aligned to aid
in driving the working-side lower molars across the upper
molars in the medial direction during unilateral
mastication.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330720304},
Key = {fds240452}
}
@article{fds94032,
Title = {Hylander, W.L., K.R. Johnson and A.W. Crompton. 1987.
Loading patterns and jaw movements during mastication in
Macaca fascicularis: A bone-strain, electromyographic, and
cineradiographic analysis. Am. J. Phys. Anthrop.
72:287-314.},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds94032}
}
@article{fds313928,
Author = {Hylander, WL and Crompton, AW},
Title = {Jaw movements and patterns of mandibular bone strain during
mastication in the monkey Macaca fascicularis.},
Journal = {Archives of Oral Biology},
Volume = {31},
Number = {12},
Pages = {841-848},
Year = {1986},
ISSN = {0003-9969},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3479960},
Abstract = {Small amalgam fillings were placed in maxillary and
mandibular second molar and canine teeth for
cine-radiographic analysis. The rosette strain gauges were
bonded bilaterally to mandibular cortical bone below the
second or third molars. The monkeys were placed in a
restraining chair that did not restrict normal head, neck or
jaw movements; they were fed various foods and the
bone-strain data recorded. Simultaneous jaw movements were
recorded with cine-radiographic apparatus synchronized with
the bone-strain recordings. During vigorous mastication, the
transition between fast close and the power stroke was
correlated with a sharp increase in masticatory force. In
most instances, the jaws were maximally-loaded prior to
maximum intercuspation, i.e. during the buccal phase (phase
I) of occlusion. The macaques swallowed frequently
throughout a chewing sequence and these swallows were
intercalated into the chewing cycle toward the end of the
power stroke. Such swallows had little effect on the
magnitude or direction of peak principal strains during the
power stroke. Bone-strain data suggested that unloading
patterns during the power stroke of mastication were largely
a function of the relaxation time of the jaw adductors. The
period from 100 per cent peak strain to 50 per cent peak
strain during unloading closely approximated to the
half-relaxation time of the whole adductor jaw
muscles.},
Key = {fds313928}
}
@article{fds313907,
Author = {Hylander, WL},
Title = {In-vivo bone strain as an indicator of masticatory bite
force in Macaca fascicularis.},
Journal = {Archives of Oral Biology},
Volume = {31},
Number = {3},
Pages = {149-157},
Year = {1986},
ISSN = {0003-9969},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3459403},
Abstract = {The hypothesis that mandibular bone-strain patterns are a
good indicator of molar bite-force patterns in M.
fascicularis during mastication was tested by determining
the relationship between mandibular bone-strain patterns and
bite-force patterns during isometric biting. Bone-strain
patterns were determined using rosette strain gauges bonded
to mandibular cortical bone below the roots of the M2 during
isometric binding on a transducer along the M1-M2 region.
The effects of rosette position on bone-strain patterns
during mastication was determined by comparing bone-strain
patterns recorded from two different rosettes; one bonded
below the roots of the M2 and the other below the roots of
the M3. The data from the two experimental sets support the
hypothesis that bone-strain patterns along the working side
of the mandible are a good indicator of bite-force patterns
during the power stroke. The relationship between
bone-strain patterns and bite-force patterns was not perfect
and the two principal strains were not of equal value. In
general, principal compression was a better indicator of
bite force than principal tension.},
Key = {fds313907}
}
@article{fds313906,
Author = {Smith, KK and Hylander, WL},
Title = {Strain gauge measurement of mesokinetic movement in the
lizard Varanus exanthematicus.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Volume = {114},
Pages = {53-70},
Year = {1985},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0022-0949},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4009109},
Abstract = {Single-element strain gauges were placed across the
mesokinetic joint of the skull of the savanna monitor
lizard, Varanus exanthematicus Bosc, in order to document
the extent and timing of mesokinetic movement. In addition,
rosette strain gauges were placed on various points of the
palato-maxillary segment. Strain recordings and simultaneous
cineradiographic films or videotapes were taken during
normal feeding activities, including the strike, prey
manipulation, ingestion and pharyngeal compression. Tensile
strain, indicating lowering (retraction) of the
palato-maxillary segment, was observed during all stages of
feeding. Compressive strain, indicating lifting
(protraction) of the palato-maxillary segment, generally
appeared briefly in the strike and during pharyngeal
compression. Maximum tensile strains were always larger than
maximum compressive strains within each sequence. The
highest levels of tensile strain occurred during prey
manipulation periods, which were characterized by isometric
biting. Strain on the palato-maxillary segment revealed a
pattern of timing similar to the one at the mesokinetic
joint, although strain levels were at least an order of
magnitude lower. These data directly contradict conventional
models of the function of the kinetic skull in lizards. We
conclude that the kinetic apparatus in lizards is not a
mechanism for actively moving the palato-maxillary unit and
is therefore not a mechanism for increasing gape or actively
controlling upper jaw movements.},
Key = {fds313906}
}
@article{fds94031,
Title = {Hylander, W.L. 1985. Mandibular function and biomechanical
stress and scaling. Am. Zoologist 25:315-330.},
Year = {1985},
Key = {fds94031}
}
@article{fds240453,
Author = {HYLANDER, WL},
Title = {MANDIBULAR FUNCTION AND BIOMECHANICAL STRESS AND
SCALING},
Journal = {Integrative and Comparative Biology},
Volume = {25},
Number = {2},
Pages = {315-330},
Year = {1985},
ISSN = {0003-1569},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1985AKZ4900004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240453}
}
@article{fds313894,
Author = {HYLANDER, W},
Title = {Temporalis and masseter muscle function during incision in
macaques and humans},
Journal = {Int J Primatol},
Volume = {6},
Pages = {289-322},
Year = {1985},
Key = {fds313894}
}
@article{fds313904,
Author = {Hylander, WL},
Title = {Stress and strain in the mandibular symphysis of primates: a
test of competing hypotheses.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {64},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-46},
Year = {1984},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6731608},
Abstract = {The primary purpose of this study was to test various
hypotheses about symphyseal stress in primates. First, those
patterns of symphyseal strain that would be associated with
various hypothetical patterns of symphyseal stress were
formulated. Then these hypothetical patterns of stress and
strain were tested by comparing the formulated bone strain
pattern with actual in vivo symphyseal bone strain patterns.
Patterns of in vivo symphyseal bone strain were determined
by bonding rosette and/or single-element strain gages to the
midline of the middle and lower third of the labial aspect
of the symphysis of six adult Macaca fascicularis. Following
recovery from the anesthetic, bone strain was recorded
during mastication, incision, and isometric biting.
Symphyseal bone strain was also recorded during yawning,
licking, and threat behaviors. The data suggest that during
the power stroke of mastication, the macaque symphysis is
predominately sheared dorsoventrally and/or twisted about a
transverse axis and bent by lateral transverse bending of
the mandibular corpora. During lateral transverse bending of
the mandibular corpora, the labial aspect of the macaque
symphysis experiences compressive bending stress, while the
lingual aspect experiences tensile bending stress. During
the opening stroke of mastication and during other jaw
opening behaviors, the macaque symphysis is bent by medial
transverse bending of the mandibular corpora. At this time
the labial aspect of the symphysis experiences tensile
bending stress, while its lingual aspect experiences
compressive bending stress. During both the power and
opening strokes of mastication, the macaque mandible is bent
in the plane of its curvature, and therefore the mandible
acts as a curved beam. This is important because it results
in elevated levels of stress along the lingual aspect of the
macaque symphysis, particularly during the power stroke of
mastication. During the power stroke of incision, the local
effects of the bite force are unknown; however, at this time
the lower half of the macaque symphysis is both sheared
dorsoventrally and bent due to twisting of the mandibular
corpora about their long axes. The results of this stress
analysis have implications for understanding the mechanical
attributes of symphyseal structure. In order to counter
dorsoventral shear, the most important symphyseal attribute
is to have adequate cross-sectional area of bone in the
plane of the applied stress. In contrast, both the
cross-sectional area of bone and symphyseal shape is
important in order to counter stress effectively during
symphyseal torsion and the three symphyseal bending
regimes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330640102},
Key = {fds313904}
}
@article{fds313914,
Author = {Bouvier, M and Hylander, WL},
Title = {The effect of dietary consistency on gross and histologic
morphology in the craniofacial region of young
rats.},
Journal = {American Journal of Anatomy},
Volume = {170},
Number = {1},
Pages = {117-126},
Year = {1984},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0002-9106},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6731337},
Abstract = {Three groups of weanling rats and three groups of juvenile
rats were fed diets which differed in physical consistency
for periods of 5 and 8 weeks, respectively. In both the
weanling and juvenile rats, one group was fed a soft diet, a
second group was fed a hard diet, and a third group was
initially fed the soft diet and then was switched to the
hard diet for the remainder of the experimental period. The
effects of these differences in dietary consistency on gross
and histologic morphology of the craniofacial region were
examined. Significant differences were found in the
dimensions and morphology of the condyle and condylar
cartilage as a result of the differences in dietary
consistency in both the weanling and juvenile groups.
Soft-diet rats generally had smaller condyles and a thinner
layer of condylar cartilage than either hard-diet or
soft/hard-diet rats. Little change, however, was found in
the overall dimensions of the mandible and maxilla in any of
the groups of rats.},
Doi = {10.1002/aja.1001700109},
Key = {fds313914}
}
@article{fds313926,
Author = {Bouvier, M and Hylander, WL},
Title = {In vivo bone strain on the dog tibia during
locomotion.},
Journal = {Acta anatomica},
Volume = {118},
Number = {3},
Pages = {187-192},
Year = {1984},
ISSN = {0001-5180},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6464643},
Abstract = {Rosette and single-element strain gauges were implanted on
the tibia in 2 dogs and recordings were made during
locomotion on a treadmill. At foot contact and during the
swing phase of locomotion, bone strains were low and
directions of the principal strains were variable. There was
a large shift in the directions of the principal strains at
the beginning of the stance phase and bone strains were
considerably higher. Peak strain occurred midway through the
stance phase. At that time, the maximum principal strain
(tension) was directed upwards and anteriorly between 30 and
60 degrees with respect to the long axis of the tibia. These
bone strain patterns in the dog are similar to those found
in sheep while both differ markedly from those found in
humans.},
Key = {fds313926}
}
@article{fds313918,
Author = {Bouvier, M and Hylander, WL},
Title = {The effect of dietary consistency on morphology of the
mandibular condylar cartilage in young macaques (Macaca
mulatta).},
Journal = {Progress in Clinical and Biological Research},
Volume = {101},
Pages = {569-579},
Year = {1982},
ISSN = {0361-7742},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7156160},
Abstract = {Two groups of young male macaques were fed diets which
differed in physical consistency. The first group was fed a
soft diet and the second group was fed a hard diet. The
effect of this difference in dietary consistency on the
thickness and morphology of the mandibular condylar
cartilage in the superior and posterosuperior regions of the
two groups was examined. Slight morphologic changes were
observed in the superior region of the condylar cartilage
and in the subchondral bone of the soft diet macaques.
However, the thickness of the cartilage in the superior
region was similar in the two groups. Significant
morphologic changes were observed in the posterosuperior
region in all three layers of the condylar cartilage and in
the subchondral bone of the soft diet macaques. The
cartilage in the posterosuperior region of the soft diet
group was significantly thinner, and the subchondral bone
less dense, than in the hard diet group. The results of this
study showed that dietary consistency significantly affects
the morphology of mandibular condylar cartilage in young
macaques. It is recommended that dietary consistency be
eliminated as an additional variable in future studies of
mandibular and condylar responses to experimental
manipulations.},
Key = {fds313918}
}
@article{fds313908,
Author = {Bouvier, M and Hylander, WL},
Title = {The relationship between split-line orientation and in vivo
bone strain in galago (G crassicaudatus) and macaque (Macaca
mulatta and M. fascicularis) mandibles.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {56},
Number = {2},
Pages = {147-156},
Year = {1981},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7325217},
Abstract = {There is still disagreement concerning the functional
significance of split-line patterns in bone. This study was
undertaken to reexamine the mechanical forces hypothesis for
split-line formation by comparing split-line patterns with
in vivo mandibular bone strain patterns. The relationship
between split-line orientation and in vivo stress and strain
patterns on macaque and galago mandibles was examined during
jaw opening and the power stroke of mastication and
incision. An attempt was made to relate split-line
orientation to the direction of tensile stress and strain
along the primate mandible. In addition, we also
investigated the alternative possibility that split-line
orientation is related to the direction of low stresses (and
strains) on the primate mandible. The results of this study
showed that there was no consistent relationship between
split-line orientation and the principal strains or
stresses. Thus, split-lines did not run consistently in the
direction of high or low stress and strain. Therefore, we
have concluded that split-line orientation provides little
useful information for inferring patterns of stress and
strain in bone.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330560206},
Key = {fds313908}
}
@article{fds313917,
Author = {Bouvier, M and Hylander, WL},
Title = {Effect of bone strain on cortical bone structure in macaques
(Macaca mulatta).},
Journal = {Journal of Morphology},
Volume = {167},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-12},
Year = {1981},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0362-2525},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7241595},
Abstract = {It has recently been shown that the consistency of food
significantly affects levels of bone strain in the mandible
during mastication (Hylander, '79a). Mandibular bone
histology was examined to test the effects of a diet of hard
food compared to a diet of soft food in two groups of
monkeys. One group of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) was
fed a diet of commercially prepared hard biscuits. The
second group was fed a soft diet the consistency of fudge.
Both diets were nutritionally adequate for normal growth and
development. As a control for other factors influencing
cortical bone structure, fibular morphology was also
examined. At the end of the test period, mandibular and
fibular tissue samples from the two groups were prepared to
determine the amount of secondary Haversian bone present.
Mandibular depth at M2 and fibular anteroposterior diameter
were also measured and compared between the two dietary
groups. The soft-diet monkeys showed low levels of
remodeling in their mandibles. There were large patches of
unremodeled bone and resorption spaces were common. The
hard-diet monkeys exhibited more extensive evidence of
secondary Haversian remodeling in their mandibles. The
hard-diet monkeys also had deeper mandibles. In contrast,
the fibulae from the two groups had similar mean diameters
and showed comparable levels of secondary remodeling. We
infer that the higher mandibular bone remodeling levels in
the hard-diet monkeys represent an adaptive response to
remove and replace fatigued mandibular bone due to higher
stress levels associated with the ingestion and mastication
of hard foods. We also infer that greater depth of the
mandible at M2 found in the hard-diet group represents an
adaptive response to higher stress levels associated with
the ingestion and mastication of hard foods.},
Doi = {10.1002/jmor.1051670102},
Key = {fds313917}
}
@article{fds313909,
Author = {Hylander, WL},
Title = {The functional significance of primate mandibular
form.},
Journal = {Journal of Morphology},
Volume = {160},
Number = {2},
Pages = {223-240},
Year = {1979},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0362-2525},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/458862},
Abstract = {A stress analysis of the primate mandible suggests that
vertically deep jaws in the molar region are usually an
adaptation to counter increased sagittal bending stress
about the balancing-side mandibular corpus during unilateral
mastication. This increased bending stress about the
balancing side is caused by an increase in the amount of
balancing-side muscle force. Furthermore, this increased
muscle force will also cause an increase in dorso-ventral
shear stress along the mandibular symphysis. Since increased
symphyseal stress can be countered by symphyseal fusion and
as increased bending stress can be countered by a deeper
jaw, deep jaws and symphyseal fusion are often part of the
same functional pattern. In some primates (e.g., Cercocebus
albigena), deep jaws are an adaptation to counter bending in
the sagittal plane during powerful incisor biting, rather
than during unilateral mastication. The stress analysis of
the primate mandible also suggests that jaws which are
transversely thick in the molar region are an adaptation to
counter increased torsion about the long axis of the
working-side mandibular corpus during unilateral
mastication. Increased torsion of the mandibular corpus can
be caused by an increase in masticatory muscle force, an
increase in the transverse component of the postcanine bite
force and/or an increase in premolar use during mastication.
Patterns of masticatory muscle force were estimated for
galagos and macaques, demonstrating that the ratio of
working-side muscle force to balancing-side muscle force is
approximately 1.5:1 in macaques and 3.5:1 in galagos during
unilateral isometric molar biting. These data support the
hypothesis that mandibular symphyseal fusion is an
adaptative response to maximize unilateral molar bite force
by utilizing a greater percentage of balancing-side muscle
force.},
Doi = {10.1002/jmor.1051600208},
Key = {fds313909}
}
@article{fds313919,
Author = {Hylander, WL},
Title = {Mandibular function in Galago crassicaudatus and Macaca
fascicularis: an in vivo approach to stress analysis of the
mandible.},
Journal = {Journal of Morphology},
Volume = {159},
Number = {2},
Pages = {253-296},
Year = {1979},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0362-2525},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/105147},
Abstract = {Single-element and/or rosette strain gages were bonded to
mandibular cortical bone in Galago crassicaudatus and Macaca
fascicularis. Five galago and eleven macaque bone strain
experiments were performed and analyzed. In vivo bone strain
was recorded from the lateral surface of the mandibular
corpus below the postcanine tooth row during transducer
biting and during mastication and ingestion of food objects.
In macaques and galagos, the mandibular corpus on the
balancing side is primarily bent in the sagittal plane
during mastication and is both twisted about its long axis
and bent in the sagittal plane during transducer biting. On
the working side, it is primarily twisted about its long
axis and directly sheared perpendicular to its long axis,
and portions of it are bent in the sagittal plane during
mastication and molar transducer biting. In macaques, the
mandibular corpus on each side is primarily bent in the
sagittal plane and twisted during incisal transducer biting
and ingestion of food objects, and it is transversely bent
and slightly twisted during jaw opening. Since galagos
usually refused to bite the transducer or food objects with
their incisors, an adequate characterization of mandibular
stress patterns during these behaviors was not possible. In
galagos the mandibular corpus experiences very little
transverse bending stress during jaw opening, perhaps in
part due to its unfused mandibular symphysis. Marked
differences in the patterns of mandibular bone strain were
present between galagos and macaques during the masticatory
power stroke and during transducer biting. Galagos
consistently had much more strain on the working side of the
mandibular corpus than on the balancing side. These
experiments support the hypothesis that galagos, in contrast
to macaques, employ a larger amount of working-side muscle
force relative to the balancing-side muscle force during
unilateral biting and mastication, and that the fused
mandibular symphysis is an adaption to use a maximal amount
of balancing-side muscle force during unilateral biting and
mastication. These experiments also demonstrate the effects
that rosette position, bite force magnitudes, and types of
food eaten have on recorded mandibular strain
patterns.},
Doi = {10.1002/jmor.1051590208},
Key = {fds313919}
}
@article{fds313920,
Author = {Hylander, WL},
Title = {An experimental analysis of temporomandibular joint reaction
force in macaques},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {51},
Number = {3},
Pages = {433-456},
Year = {1979},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330510317},
Abstract = {Mandibular bone strain in the region immediately below the
temporomandibular ligament was analyzed in adult and
sub‐adult Macaca fas‐cicularis and mulatta. Following
recovery from the general anesthetic, the monkeys were
presented food objects, a wooden rod, or a specially
designed bite‐force transducer. Bone strain was recorded
during incisal biting and mastication of food, and also
during isometric biting of the rod and/or the transducer.
The bone strain data suggest the following: The macaque TMJ
is loaded by a compressive reaction force during the power
stroke of mastication and incision of food, and during
isometric molar and incisor biting. TMJ reaction forces are
larger on the contralateral side during both mastication and
isometric molar biting. Patterns of ipsilateral TMJ reaction
force in macaques during isometric biting vary markedly in
response to the position of the bite point. During biting
along the premolars or first two molars a compressive
reaction force acts about the ipsilateral TMJ; however, when
the bite point is positioned along the M 3 , the ipsilateral
TMJ has either very little compressive stress, no stress, or
it is loaded in tension. Copyright © 1979 Wiley‐Liss,
Inc., A Wiley Company},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330510317},
Key = {fds313920}
}
@article{fds313911,
Author = {Hylander, WL and Bays, R},
Title = {An in vivo strain-gauge analysis of the squamosal-dentary
joint reaction force during mastication and incisal biting
in Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis.},
Journal = {Archives of Oral Biology},
Volume = {24},
Number = {9},
Pages = {689-697},
Year = {1979},
ISSN = {0003-9969},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/120172},
Key = {fds313911}
}
@article{fds313899,
Author = {Hylander, WL},
Title = {Carnivoran jaw shape.},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {202},
Number = {4373},
Pages = {1218},
Year = {1978},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17735409},
Doi = {10.1126/science.202.4373.1218},
Key = {fds313899}
}
@article{fds313925,
Author = {Hylander, WL},
Title = {Incisal bite force direction in humans and the functional
significance of mammalian mandibular translation.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {48},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-7},
Year = {1978},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/623224},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330480102},
Key = {fds313925}
}
@article{fds313927,
Author = {Hylander, WL},
Title = {In vivo bone strain in the mandible of Galago
crassicaudatus.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {46},
Number = {2},
Pages = {309-326},
Year = {1977},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/403774},
Abstract = {Single element foil strain gages were bonded to mandibular
cortical bone in eight specimens of Galago crassicaudatus.
The gage was bonded below the Pm4 or M2 adjacent to the
lower border of the mandible. The bonded strain gage was
connected to form one arm of a Wheatstone bridge. Following
recovery from the general anesthetic, the restrained Galago
bit either a piece of wood, a food object, or a bite force
transducer. During these biting episodes, mandibular bone
strain deformed the strain gage and the resulting change in
electrical resistance of the gage caused voltage changes
across the Wheatstone bridge. These changes, directly
proportional to the amount of bone strain along the gage
site, were recovered by a strip chart recorder. Bone strain
was measured on both the working and balancing sides of the
jaws. Maximum values of bone strain and bite force were 435
microstrain (compression) and 8.2 kilograms respectively.
During bending of the mandible, the correlation between bone
strain (tension or compression) and bite force ranged from
-0.893 (tension) to 0.997 (compression). The experiments
reported here demonstrate that only a small percentage of
the Galago bite force is due to balancing side muscle force
during isometric unilateral molar biting. In addition, these
experiments demonstrate that the Galago mandible is bent in
a predictable manner during biting. The amount of apparent
mandibular bone strain is dependent on (1) the magnitude of
the bite force and (2) the position of the bite
point.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330460212},
Key = {fds313927}
}
@article{fds94030,
Title = {Hylander, W.L. The adaptive significance of eskimo
craniofacial morphology. 1977. In: Orofacial Growth and
Development, A.A. Dahlberg and T.M. Graber (eds.),
Mouton.},
Year = {1977},
Key = {fds94030}
}
@misc{fds32683,
Author = {W.L. Hylander},
Title = {The adaptive significance of eskimo craniofacial
morphology},
Booktitle = {Orofacial Growth and Development},
Publisher = {Mouton},
Editor = {A.A. Dahlberg and T.M. Graber},
Year = {1977},
Key = {fds32683}
}
@article{fds313916,
Author = {Hylander, WL and Kay, RF},
Title = {Maxillary premolar reduction in the golden monkey
(Rhinopithecus roxellanae).},
Journal = {Journal of Dental Research},
Volume = {54},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1242},
Year = {1975},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0022-0345},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/811696},
Doi = {10.1177/00220345750540063201},
Key = {fds313916}
}
@article{fds313915,
Author = {Hylander, WL},
Title = {Incisor size and diet in anthropoids with special reference
to Cercopithecidae.},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {189},
Number = {4208},
Pages = {1095-1098},
Year = {1975},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/808855},
Abstract = {In 57 species of anthropoids relative size of incisors in
highly correlated with diet. Anthropoids that feed primarily
on large food objects (large fruits) have larger incisors
than those that feed on smaller food objects (berries or
leaves). This difference reflects a need for more extensive
incisal preparation of larger food objects before
mastication. Extensive incisal preparation causes increased
tooth wear, therefore, enlarged incisors are probably an
adaptive response to increase their wear
potential.},
Key = {fds313915}
}
@article{fds313936,
Author = {Hylander, WL},
Title = {The human mandible: lever or link?},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {43},
Number = {2},
Pages = {227-242},
Year = {1975},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1101706},
Abstract = {The mammalian mandible, and in particular the human
mandible, is generally thought to function as a lever during
biting. This notion, however, has not gone unchallenged.
Various workers have suggested that the mandible does not
function as a lever, and they base this proposition on
essentially two assertions: (1) the resultant of the forces
produced by the masticatory muscles always passes through
the bite point; (2) the condylar neck and/or the
temporomandibular joint is unsuited to withstand reaction
forces during biting. A review of the electromyographic data
and of the properties of the tissues of the
temporomandibular joint do not support the non-lever
hypothesis of mandibular function. In addition, an analysis
of the strength of the condylar neck demonstrates that this
structure is strong enough to withstand the expected
reaction force during lever action. Ordinarily the human
mandible and the forces that act upon it are analyzed solely
in the lateral projection. Moments are then usually analyzed
about the mandibular condyle; however, some workers have
advocated taking moments about other points, e.g., the
instantaneous center of rotation. Obviously it makes no
difference as to what point is chosen since the moments
about any point during equilibrium conditions are equal to
zero. It is also useful to analyze the forces acting on the
mandible in the frontal projection, particularly during
unilateral biting. The electromyographic data suggest that
during powerful unilateral molar biting the resultant
adductor muscle force is passing between the bite point and
the balancing (non-biting side) condyle. Therefore, in order
for this system to be in equilibrium there must be a
reaction force acting on the balancing condyle. This
suggests that reaction forces are larger on the balancing
side than on the working side, and possibly explains why
individuals with a painful temporomandibular joint usually
prefer to bite on the side of the diseased
joint.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330430209},
Key = {fds313936}
}
@article{fds313933,
Author = {Blumberg, JE and Hylander, WL and Goepp, RA},
Title = {Taurodontism: a biometric study.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {34},
Number = {2},
Pages = {243-255},
Year = {1971},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5572605},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330340208},
Key = {fds313933}
}
%% Johnston, Rachel
@article{fds358444,
Author = {Johnston, RA and Vullioud, P and Thorley, J and Kirveslahti, H and Shen,
L and Mukherjee, S and Karner, CM and Clutton-Brock, T and Tung,
J},
Title = {Morphological and genomic shifts in mole-rat 'queens'
increase fecundity but reduce skeletal integrity.},
Journal = {Elife},
Volume = {10},
Year = {2021},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.65760},
Abstract = {In some mammals and many social insects, highly cooperative
societies are characterized by reproductive division of
labor, in which breeders and nonbreeders become behaviorally
and morphologically distinct. While differences in behavior
and growth between breeders and nonbreeders have been
extensively described, little is known of their molecular
underpinnings. Here, we investigate the consequences of
breeding for skeletal morphology and gene regulation in
highly cooperative Damaraland mole-rats. By experimentally
assigning breeding 'queen' status versus nonbreeder status
to age-matched littermates, we confirm that queens
experience vertebral growth that likely confers advantages
to fecundity. However, they also upregulate bone resorption
pathways and show reductions in femoral mass, which predicts
increased vulnerability to fracture. Together, our results
show that, as in eusocial insects, reproductive division of
labor in mole-rats leads to gene regulatory rewiring and
extensive morphological plasticity. However, in mole-rats,
concentrated reproduction is also accompanied by costs to
bone strength.},
Doi = {10.7554/elife.65760},
Key = {fds358444}
}
%% Kay, Richard F.
@misc{fds371042,
Author = {Morse, PE and Pampush, JD and Kay, RF},
Title = {Dental topography of the Oligocene anthropoids
Aegyptopithecus zeuxis and Apidium phiomense: Paleodietary
insights from analysis of wear series.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {180},
Pages = {103387},
Year = {2023},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103387},
Abstract = {Fossil primate dietary inference is enhanced when
ascertained through multiple, distinct proxies. Dental
topography can be used to assess changes in occlusal
morphology with macrowear, providing insight on tooth use
and function across the lifespans of individuals. We
measured convex Dirichlet normal energy-a dental topography
metric reflecting occlusal sharpness of features such as
cusps and crests-in macrowear series of the second
mandibular molars of two African anthropoid taxa from
∼30 Ma (Aegyptopithecus zeuxis and Apidium phiomense).
Wear was quantified via three proxies: occlusal dentine
exposure, inverse relief index, and inverse occlusal relief.
The same measurements were calculated on macrowear series of
four extant platyrrhine taxa (Alouatta, Ateles,
Plecturocebus, and Sapajus apella) to provide an analogical
framework for dietary inference in the fossil taxa. We
predicted that Ae. zeuxis and Ap. phiomense would show
similar patterns in topographic change with wear to one
another and to extant platyrrhine frugivores like Ateles and
Plecturocebus. The fossil taxa have similar distributions of
convex Dirichlet normal energy to one another, and high
amounts of concave Dirichlet normal energy 'noise' in unworn
molars-a pattern shared with extant hominids that may
distort dietary interpretations. Inverse relief index was
the most useful wear proxy for comparison among the taxa in
this study which possess disparate enamel thicknesses.
Contrary to expectations, Ae. zeuxis and Ap. phiomense both
resemble S. apella in exhibiting an initial decline in
convex Dirichlet normal energy followed by an increase at
the latest stages of wear as measured by inverse relief
index, lending support to previous suggestions that
hard-object feeding played a role in their dietary ecology.
Based on these results and previous analyses of molar
shearing quotients, microwear, and enamel microstructure, we
suggest that Ae. zeuxis had a pitheciine-like strategy of
seed predation, whereas Ap. phiomense potentially consumed
berry-like compound fruits with hard seeds.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103387},
Key = {fds371042}
}
@misc{fds363834,
Author = {Pampush, JD and Morse, PE and Fuselier, EJ and Skinner, MM and Kay,
RF},
Title = {Sign-oriented Dirichlet Normal Energy: Aligning Dental
Topography and Dental Function in the R-package
molaR},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalian Evolution},
Volume = {29},
Number = {4},
Pages = {713-732},
Year = {2022},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10914-022-09616-6},
Abstract = {Dirichlet normal energy (DNE) is a dental topography
measurement aimed at capturing occlusal sharpness and has
shown promise for its ability to sort primate molars
according to perceived shearing ability. As initially
implemented, this measurement does not differentiate concave
versus convex contributions to surface sharpness. This is
problematic because the DNE-signal derived from concave
aspects of an occlusal surface measures a sharp ‘edge’
oriented inward towards the enamel dentine junction rather
than outward towards food contact. The inclusion of concave
DNE in dietary analyses of molars possessing deep occlusal
sulci–such as those found among hominoids–inflates the
perceived functional sharpness of these teeth.
Concave-inflated DNE values can be misleading, being
interpreted as indicating that a particular taxon is more
adapted for processing fibrous food than is warranted. The
modification of the DNE measurement introduced here
‘Sign-oriented DNE’ alleviates this problem by
elimination of concave sharpness from analyses, allowing
investigations to focus on features of occlusal surfaces
plausibly linked to shearing, cutting, or shredding of food
materials during Phases I and II of the masticatory power
stroke. Convex DNE is just as effective at sorting
non-hominoid primate molars into traditional dietary
categories as the initial applications of the
orientation-blind version of the measurement, and produces
more theoretically coherent results from hominoid molars.
Focusing on- and improving the connection between
measurement and occlusal function will enhance the ability
of dental topography to make meaningful contributions to our
collective understanding of species’ dietary
ecologies.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10914-022-09616-6},
Key = {fds363834}
}
@misc{fds367643,
Author = {Vizcaíno, SF and Bargo, MS and Pérez, ME and Aramendía, I and Cuitiño, JI and Monsalvo, ES and Vlachos, E and Noriega, JI and Kay,
RF},
Title = {Fossil vertebrates of the early-middle Miocene Cerro
Boleadoras Formation, northwestern Santa Cruz Province,
Patagonia, Argentina},
Journal = {Andean Geology},
Volume = {49},
Number = {3},
Pages = {382-422},
Year = {2022},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5027/andgeoV49n3-3425},
Abstract = {The early-middle Miocene continental Cerro Boleadoras
Formation (CBF) crops out in the area of Cerro Boleadoras
and Cerro Plomo on the western slope of the Meseta del Lago
Buenos Aires, northwestern Santa Cruz Province, Argentina.
The lower levels of the CBF consist of laterally extensive
medium to pebbly sandstone beds with trough cross-bedding,
interpreted as fluvial channel deposits, interbedded with
tabular fine-grained floodplain deposits. Recent fieldwork
provided fossil vertebrates from these levels with an
estimated age between ~16.5 Ma and 15.1 Ma (late
Burdigalian-early Langhian). The studied section temporally
overlaps with the middle or upper sections of the Santa Cruz
Formation (SCF) in the Austral-Magallanes Basin of southern
Patagonia, the Río Frías Formation in Chile, and the lower
Collón Curá Formation of northern Patagonia. We compile an
integrated faunal list for this locality, including
specimens from previous collections, and discuss its
chronological and paleoenvironmental implications. The taxa
list includes most of the groups recorded in the SCF: one
anuran, three birds, and at least 33 mammals (metatherians,
xenarthrans, litopterns, notoungulate typotheres and
caviomorph rodents), indicating a Santacrucian age sensu
lato. We also recorded a testudine, which constitutes the
southernmost record of tortoises in South America and
worldwide. Faunal dissimilarities between the vertebrate
fossil content of the CBF and the mentioned sections of the
Santa Cruz, Río Frías and Collón Curá formations may
reflect ecologic, climatic and geographic differences rather
than temporal ones. The co-occurrence of arboreal or
semiarboreal, browsing, frugivorous, and grazing mammals
suggests the presence of both forested and open environments
for the area occupied by the CBF rocks. However, it is not
possible to discern whether these two environments coexisted
or alternated, and whether one environment predominated over
the other. Marker taxa, such as the chinchillid rodents
Prolagostomus and Pliolagostomus, and the typothere
Pachyrukhos indicate a trend to aridification during the
Miocene in southern Patagonia, as previously reported for
the upper part of the SCF along the Río Santa Cruz and
south to the Río Coyle, along the Atlantic coast and the
Río Gallegos.},
Doi = {10.5027/andgeoV49n3-3425},
Key = {fds367643}
}
@misc{fds363061,
Author = {Lundeen, IK and Kay, RF},
Title = {Unique nasal turbinal morphology reveals Homunculus
patagonicus functionally converged on modern platyrrhine
olfactory sensitivity.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {167},
Pages = {103184},
Year = {2022},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103184},
Abstract = {The phyletic position of early Miocene platyrrhine
Homunculus patagonicus is currently a matter of debate. Some
regard it to be an early member of the Pitheciidae,
represented today by the sakis, uakaris, and titi monkeys.
Others view Homunculus as a stem platyrrhine, part of a
group that diversified in Patagonia and converged in some
respects on modern pitheciine dental and gnathic morphology
and perhaps seed-eating specialization. New details of its
internal nasal anatomy are pertinent to resolving this
debate. In addition, they provide a new perspective on how
modern platyrrhine olfactory sensitivity evolved. Here we
reconstruct the internal nasal anatomy of Homunculus from
high-resolution computed tomography scans. This species has
three ethmoturbinals, the scrolls of bone in the nasal fossa
that were covered in sensory epithelium in vivo. This
condition stands in stark contrast to extant platyrrhines,
and indeed to all other haplorhines, which have only two
ethmoturbinals or, in the case of all pitheciid
platyrrhines, only one ethmoturbinal. Quantitatively,
however, Homunculus has an olfactory turbinal surface area
that falls within the modern platyrrhine distribution,
suggesting that while turbinal numbers differ, olfactory
sensitivity in this taxon was likely comparable to that of
modern platyrrhines. These new data from the fossil record
provide further support for the hypothesis that Homunculus
is a stem platyrrhine that functionally converged on modern
platyrrhines rather than being an early representative of
any extant clade.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103184},
Key = {fds363061}
}
@misc{fds362083,
Author = {Fleagle, JG and Gladman, JT and Kay, RF},
Title = {A New Humerus of Homunculus patagonicus, a Stem Platyrrhine
from the Santa Cruz Formation (Late Early Miocene), Santa
Cruz Province, Argentina},
Journal = {Ameghiniana},
Volume = {59},
Number = {1},
Pages = {78-96},
Year = {2022},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5710/AMGH.29.09.2021.3447},
Abstract = {We describe a well-preserved humerus of Homunculus
patagonicus, a stem platyrrhine from the late early Miocene
of the Santa Cruz Formation, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina.
The distal part of a humerus was collected by Carlos
Ameghino and figured in the 19thCentury, but is now lost.
Other described postcranial elements, also collected by him
include a femur and a partial radius. Comparative
observations are made with living and extinct platyrrhines,
Oligocene African anthropoids, and extant strepsirrhines.
Homunculus patagonicus was a robustly built arboreal
quadruped that weighed between 2.2 and 2.6 kg. There is no
evidence that the elbow could be fully extended as in living
suspensory platyrrhines like Ateles. The medial orientation
of the epicondyle suggests that the finger and wrist flexors
were not aligned with the long axis of the limb, a
distinction from more cursorial monkeys (extant
cercopithecoids and the Cuban Pleistocene fossil platyrrhine
Paralouatta have retroflexed medial epicondyles). Overall,
the morphology is typically platyrrhine although the bone is
quite robust. The robustness of the humerus is most
comparable to that of early anthropoids from Africa rather
than any extant platyrrhine.},
Doi = {10.5710/AMGH.29.09.2021.3447},
Key = {fds362083}
}
@article{fds363062,
Author = {Morse, PE and Pampush, JD and Kay, RF},
Title = {Molar sharpness maintained with wear in the early
anthropoids Apidium and Aegyptopithecus},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {177},
Pages = {128-128},
Year = {2022},
Key = {fds363062}
}
@misc{fds358747,
Author = {Palazzesi, L and Vizcaíno, SF and Barreda, VD and Cuitiño, JI and del
Río, CJ and Goin, F and González Estebenet and MS and Guler, MV and Gandolfo, MA and Kay, R and Parras, A and Reguero, MA and Zamaloa,
MDC},
Title = {Reconstructing Cenozoic Patagonian biotas using multi-proxy
fossil records},
Journal = {Journal of South American Earth Sciences},
Volume = {112},
Year = {2021},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103513},
Abstract = {The fossil record from Cenozoic sediments provides a great
deal of information that has direct bearing on the early
assembling of modern Patagonian ecosystems. In this
synthesis, we revise selected fossil marine and terrestrial
records from the last 66 Ma with the aim of understanding
major shifts of Patagonian biotas. From the Paleocene to the
mid Eocene this region supported outstandingly diverse
terrestrial assemblages that show strong connections to
modern-day Australasia (e.g. gum trees, casuarinas,
monotremes). Nearshore marine biotas confirm peak warmth
conditions, with tropical species with Tethyan affinities.
The late Eocene and early Oligocene marks the onset of a
period of overall regional cooling, drying, and increasingly
variable ecological conditions. The rise of palm-dominated
flammable biomes in hinterlands and the prevalence of
Gondwanan gallery forest (e.g. southern beeches and
podocarps) along river-sides supported the existence of
mosaic habitats maintained by edaphic and regional climatic
conditions. This shift in landscapes reflects the evolution
of a wide range of herbivorous mammals (e.g. Notoungulata,
Litopterna, and Astrapotheria). The late Oligocene and
early-to-mid Miocene witnessed a dramatic modification of
landscapes including the incursion of high sea-level
episodes, the emergence of specialized coastal (i.e.
salt-marsh) plant taxa and the expansion of large
herbivorous mammals with predominantly high-crowned teeth
(e.g. Notoungulata: Hegetotheriidae, Interatheriidae, and
Mesotheriidae). The cooling trend of this interval was
interrupted by a mid-Miocene transient warming event, with
the dispersion of terrestrial (e.g. platyrrhine monkeys,
palms) and marine (e.g. Tuberculodinium vancampoae) elements
with tropical affinity into southernmost South American
regions. Seasonally-dry conditions increased towards the end
of the Miocene, yet subtropical species persisted either in
terrestrial (e.g. malpighs, passion vines, capybaras), and
marine (e.g. Subtropical and Caribbean molluscs)
environments. The increasing aridity caused by the Andean
uplift wiped out most of the forest species and promoted the
diversification of open-habitat species; the emergence of
the current grass-dominated Patagonian Steppe occurred later
on, probably during the Quaternary.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103513},
Key = {fds358747}
}
@misc{fds355888,
Author = {Kay, RF and Vizcaíno, SF and Bargo, MS and Spradley, JP and Cuitiño,
JI},
Title = {Paleoenvironments and paleoecology of the Santa Cruz
Formation (early-middle Miocene) along the Río Santa Cruz,
Patagonia (Argentina)},
Journal = {Journal of South American Earth Sciences},
Volume = {109},
Pages = {103296-103296},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2021},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103296},
Abstract = {The continental early-middle Miocene Santa Cruz Formation
(SCF) in Austral Patagonia contains the best record of South
American mammalian faunas prior to the Great American Biotic
Interchange (GABI) and is of particular interest because it
is the best preserved high-latitude continental biotic
record in the Southern Hemisphere spanning the mid-Miocene
Climatic Optimum. Through intensive fieldwork we recovered
numerous fossil vertebrates, mostly mammals, from the SCF
along the Río Santa Cruz (RSC), the type area for the
formation and its fauna. We examine whether the SCF fauna
differed among three distinct temporal intervals of the SCF
spanning, from the oldest to youngest, the Atlantic coastal
suite of localities Fossil Levels (FL) 1–7, at about 17.4
Ma, through localities in the RSC Barrancas Blancas (BB),
between ~17.2 and ~16.3 Ma, and Segundas Barrancas Blancas
(SBB), between ~16.5 and ~15.6 Ma. With the objective of
reconstructing paleoenvironmental and community structure of
these RSC faunas, we compared them with 55 extant lowland
mammalian localities across South America from 8° N to 55°
S latitude representing a wide range of seasonality and,
annual rainfall and temperature, as well as canopy height
and net primary productivity, sampling communities ranging
from tropical rainforest to semi-arid steppe. Extant
nonvolant mammalian genera at each locality were assigned a
body size interval and niche parameters reflecting diet and
substrate use, from behavioral data in the literature.
Extinct genera were assigned similar niche metrics on the
basis of their morphology. From the generic niche
parameters, we compiled indices and ratios that express
vectors of the community structure of each fauna, including
the total number of genera, the pervasiveness of
arboreality, frugivory, and browsing, and the relative
richness of predators to their prey. The community structure
variables were used to model community structure of the
fossil localities based on uniformitarian principles. The
fossil sample includes 44 genera of mammals from FL 1–7,
38 genera from BB, and 44 genera from SBB. The Simpson
Coefficients of faunal similarity among the fossil
localities are no greater than expected on the basis of the
geographic distances among them, and do not suggest any
apparent climatic differences. Based on the models we
obtained no significant differences in MAP (Mean Annual
Precipitation) for FL 1–7, BB and SBB, with mean estimates
of 1635 mm, 1451 mm, and 1504 mm, with the confidence
intervals for the estimates overlapping widely. MAT (Mean
Annual Temperature) estimates are between ~21 °C and ~22
°C for FL 1–7 and SBB, possibly lower at 16 °C for BB,
but with a wide and overlapping range of estimates.
Temperature seasonality is modest (3 °C to 4 °C) and
similar for all localities. Canopy heights exceed 20 m for
all sites. Despite these geographic and inferred climatic
similarities, the presence of certain key taxa (e.g., the
caviomorph rodent Prolagostomus and the typothere
Pachyrukhos) together with an increased overall abundance
and richness of rodents with ever-growing cheek teeth
suggests a trend to aridification in the upper part of the
SCF at SBB compared with FL 1–7 and BB. Taken together, we
propose that the SCF paleoenvironment consisted largely of
semi-deciduous forests ranging into savannas with
gallery-forest components. This range of habitats occurs
today where the mesic inland Atlantic forests of Southern
Brazil, northeastern Argentina and eastern Paraguay give way
northwestward into the more xeric Paraguayan Gran Chaco.
These interpretations are in general agreement with other
sources of evidence from sedimentology, paleosols, isotopes,
paleobotany and other faunal elements. We highlight the
value of focusing paleoenvironmental and paleocological
studies of the SFC on stratigraphically and geographically
confined samples instead of on the entire temporal and
geographic distribution of the SCF based on historical
collections with limited provenance. The Santacrucian can be
considered a model to the study of South American faunas
after the arrival of hystricomorph rodents and anthropoid
primates but before GABI.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103296},
Key = {fds355888}
}
@misc{fds345873,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Leonard B. Radinsky (1937–1985), Radical
Biologist},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalian Evolution},
Volume = {28},
Number = {1},
Pages = {7-14},
Year = {2021},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10914-019-09479-4},
Abstract = {Trained in vertebrate paleontology, Leonard Radinsky
(1937–1985) made signal contributions to the study of form
and function in paleobiology. Here, I review Radinsky’s
contributions and philosophy in the context of developments
during the 1960s and 1970s, when a significant number of
vertebrate paleontologists departed from their roots in the
geological sciences to embrace a new interest in
paleobiology and evolution. The study of comparative
biomechanics and allometry in extant mammals was brought to
the fore, with the express intent of applying the findings
to reconstruct the biology of their extinct relatives.
Radinsky’s contributions lay especially in the area of jaw
mechanics in carnivorans and ungulates, and the evolution of
the brain in ungulates, carnivorans, and primates. Alongside
his important scientific contributions, Radinsky espoused
radical views for his time. He fervently believed that basic
science cannot be isolated from its social and political
context. At a time when the US was deeply engaged in
military conflict in Southeast Asia, Radinsky believed that
the results of basic science unjustly were being co-opted by
corporate and military interests. He believed that science
should be used for the betterment of the great majority of
the people.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10914-019-09479-4},
Key = {fds345873}
}
@misc{fds359730,
Author = {Vizcaíno, SF and Bargo, MS and Kay, RF and Raigemborn,
MS},
Title = {The record of the typothere Pachyrukhos (Mammalia,
Notoungulata) and the Chinchillid Prolagostomus (Mammalia,
Rodentia) in the Santa Cruz Formation (early-middle Miocene)
south to the Río Coyle, Patagonia, Argentina},
Journal = {Publicacion Electronica de la Asociacion Paleontologica
Argentina},
Volume = {21},
Number = {2},
Pages = {1-15},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5710/PEAPA.26.05.2021.385},
Abstract = {The continental early-middle Miocene Santa Cruz Formation
(SCF) from Patagonia is one of the most important
stratigraphic units of southern South America in terms of
the terrestrial Neogene record. Its fossil content was
pivotal for establishing the succession of Cenozoic faunas
from Patagonia and formed the basis of the Santacrucian
South American Land Mammal Age. Despite the updated
knowledge recently achieved, the stratigraphic distribution
of many taxa within the SCF remains to be clarified. That is
the case with the typothere notoungulate Pachyrukhos and the
chinchillid rodent Prolagostomus. New information on the
stratigraphy of the SCF along the north bank of the Río
Gallegos and Cabo Buen Tiempo (Santa Cruz Province),
together with a detailed analysis of the provenance
information of the specimens in the principal old museum
collections, sheds light on the record of these taxa south
to Río Coyle. Our results show that the first recorded
occurrence of both taxa in the area was between ~17 Ma and
17.41 Ma, restricted to the upper part of the SCF, including
the upper part of the Estancia La Costa Member at Cañadón
Las Totoras-Monte Tigre, and the superimposed Estancia La
Angelina Member along the Río Gallegos and Cabo Buen
Tiempo. Their presence suggests a trend to aridification in
the upper part of the SCF south to the Río Coyle. These
results are consistent with recent information obtained from
other locations of the SCF north to the Río
Coyle.},
Doi = {10.5710/PEAPA.26.05.2021.385},
Key = {fds359730}
}
@misc{fds357214,
Author = {Cuitiño, JI and Raigemborn, MS and Bargo, MS and Vizcaíno, SF and Muñoz, NA and Kohn, MJ and Kay, RF},
Title = {Insights on the controls on floodplain-dominated fluvial
successions: A perspective from the early–middle miocene
santa cruz formation in río chalía (patagonia,
argentina)},
Journal = {Journal of the Geological Society},
Volume = {178},
Number = {4},
Pages = {jgs2020-188},
Publisher = {Geological Society of London},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2020-188},
Abstract = {The Santa Cruz Formation (SCF) in Río Chalía (Austral
Basin, Patagonia, Argentina) is a well-exposed fluvial
succession with abundant and diverse fossil vertebrates
accumulated during the Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO). Using
facies analysis, characterization of stratigraphic
architecture, U–Pb geochronology and vertebrate
palaeontology, we assess the timing and interplay of
controlling factors on the sedimentation, including
tectonics, global sea level, climate and sediment supply.
Throughout the succession, there occurred a constant
aggradation of the floodplain-dominated fluvial system.
Seven zircon U–Pb ages constrain the time of accumulation
between c. 18 and 15.2 Ma, under a relatively constant
sedimentation rate of 150 ± 50 m myr–1 . The large number
of fossil vertebrates indicates a Santacrucian fauna,
showing no recognizable changes through the section. The
basin-scale, low-gradient anastomosed fluvial system of the
SCF records a period of about 3 myr of relatively constant
environmental conditions controlled by continuous basin
subsidence and high sediment supply conditioned by explosive
volcanism together with weathering of uplifting terrains in
the Andes. In addition, the system was influenced by a
temperate to warm and subhumid climate favoured by the MCO
before the onset of the Andean rain shadow, together to high
global sea levels.},
Doi = {10.1144/jgs2020-188},
Key = {fds357214}
}
@article{fds355890,
Author = {Morse, PE and Stock, MK and Kay, RF and Williams,
BA},
Title = {Shearing ratios of Aycross anaptomorphine omomyids: Support
for a middle Eocene refugium habitat},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {174},
Pages = {74-74},
Year = {2021},
Key = {fds355890}
}
@article{fds355889,
Author = {Pampush, JD and Morse, PE and Fuselier, EJ and Kay,
RF},
Title = {Ratios of Dental Surface Concavity and Convexity:
Implications for Dental Topography Analyses},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {174},
Pages = {81-81},
Year = {2021},
Key = {fds355889}
}
@misc{fds349912,
Author = {Rodríguez-Gómez, G and Cassini, GH and Palmqvist, P and Bargo, MS and Toledo, N and Martín-González, JA and Muñoz, NA and Kay, RF and Vizcaíno, SF},
Title = {Testing the hypothesis of an impoverished predator guild in
the Early Miocene ecosystems of Patagonia: An analysis of
meat availability and competition intensity among
carnivores},
Journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
Volume = {554},
Year = {2020},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109805},
Abstract = {The lower Miocene Santa Cruz Formation (dated to ~18–16
Ma) of Southern Patagonia, Argentina, preserves rich
vertebrate faunas, which are representative of communities
that existed prior to the Great American Biotic Interchange
(GABI). Some previous researchers have hypothesized that
these pre-GABI faunas had a low richness of mammalian
carnivores (an impoverished predator guild), while others
argue for a predator/prey ratio similar to those of recent
communities. In this paper, we analyze faunas from the lower
part of the Santa Cruz Formation (FL 1–7) using a
methodology that allows us to quantify (i) the meat
resources that were available to the secondary consumers of
the palaeocommunity; and (ii) the competition intensity for
these resources. In our modeling, we considered different
scenarios related to meat consumption, including the
possibility that several taxa had a scavenging behavior, and
also differences in mortality rates between young and adult
prey. Our results provide estimates of the nutritional
requirements from the predator/scavenger guild under maximum
and minimum quantities of meat offered by the prey
community, which indicate the presence of a well-balanced
palaeocommunity. Moreover, the competition indices point to
a relatively high level of competition for prey of
small-to-medium size, although competition for resources
from large mammal prey was rather low. This suggests that
the predator/scavenger guild was not impoverished, although
there were insufficient carnivore species to fully consume
the megaherbivore biomass.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109805},
Key = {fds349912}
}
@misc{fds352068,
Author = {Trayler, RB and Kohn, MJ and Bargo, MS and Cuitiño, JI and Kay, RF and Strömberg, CAE and Vizcaíno, SF},
Title = {Patagonian Aridification at the Onset of the Mid-Miocene
Climatic Optimum},
Journal = {Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology},
Volume = {35},
Number = {9},
Publisher = {American Geophysical Union (AGU)},
Year = {2020},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020PA003956},
Abstract = {Fossil-rich sediments of the Santa Cruz Formation,
Patagonia, Argentina, span the initiation of the Miocene
Climatic Optimum (MCO), the most recent period of warm and
wet conditions in the Cenozoic. These conditions drove the
expansion of tropical and subtropical ecosystems to much
higher latitudes, with the fossiliferous Santa Cruz
Formation recording one of the southernmost examples. We
collected new carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of
herbivore tooth enamel from fossils ~17.4 to 16.4 Ma in age
to investigate ecological and climatic changes across the
initiation of the MCO. Enamel δ13C values are consistent
with a C3-dominated ecosystem with moderate precipitation
and a mix of wooded and more open areas. Serially sampled
teeth reveal little zoning in δ13C and δ18O values,
suggesting little seasonal variation in water and plant
isotope compositions or seasonal changes in diet. Carbon
isotope-based estimates of mean annual precipitation (MAP)
are consistent with aridification, with MAP decreasing from
~1,000 ± 235 mm/yr at 17.4 Ma to ~525 ± 105 mm/yr
at the start of the climatic optimum (~16.9 Ma). This
decrease corresponds to increasing global temperatures, as
indicated by marine proxy records, and was followed by a
rebound to ~840 ± 270 mm/yr by ~16.4 Ma. In comparison
to a modern mean annual temperature (MAT) in the region of
~8°C, oxygen isotopes indicate high MAT (at least 20°C) at
the onset of the MCO at 16.9 Ma and a significant increase
in MAT to ~25°C by 16.4 Ma.},
Doi = {10.1029/2020PA003956},
Key = {fds352068}
}
@misc{fds349656,
Author = {Li, P and Morse, PE and Kay, RF},
Title = {Dental topographic change with macrowear and dietary
inference in Homunculus patagonicus.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {144},
Pages = {102786},
Year = {2020},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102786},
Abstract = {Homunculus patagonicus is a stem platyrrhine from the late
Early Miocene, high-latitude Santa Cruz Formation,
Argentina. Its distribution lies farther south than any
extant platyrrhine species. Prior studies on the dietary
specialization of Homunculus suggest either a mixed diet of
fruit and leaves or a more predominantly fruit-eating diet.
To gain further insight into the diet of Homunculus, we
examined how the occlusal surfaces of the first and second
lower molars of Homunculus change with wear by using three
homology-free dental topographic measures: Dirichlet normal
energy (DNE), orientation patch count rotated (OPCR), and
relief index (RFI). We compared these data with wear series
of three extant platyrrhine taxa: the folivorous Alouatta,
and the frugivorous Ateles and Callicebus (titi monkeys now
in the genus Plecturocebus). Previous studies found Alouatta
and Ateles exhibit distinctive patterns of change in
occlusal morphology with macrowear, possibly related to the
more folivorous diet of the former. Based on previous
suggestions that Homunculus was at least partially
folivorous, we predicted that changes in dental topographic
metrics with wear would follow a pattern more similar to
that seen in Alouatta than in Ateles or Callicebus. However,
wear-induced changes in Homunculus crown sharpness (DNE) and
complexity (OPCR) are more similar to the pattern observed
in the frugivorous Ateles and Callicebus. Based on similar
wear modalities of the lower molars between Homunculus and
Callicebus, we infer that Homunculus had a primarily
frugivorous diet. Leaves may have provided an alternative
dietary resource to accommodate fluctuation in seasonal
fruiting abundance in the high-latitude extratropical
environment of late Early Miocene Patagonia.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102786},
Key = {fds349656}
}
@misc{fds354725,
Author = {Valenta, K and Daegling, DJ and Nevo, O and Ledogar, J and Sarkar, D and Kalbitzer, U and Bortolamiol, S and Omeja, P and Chapman, CA and Ayasse,
M and Kay, R and Williams, B},
Title = {Fruit Selectivity in Anthropoid Primates: Size
Matters},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {41},
Number = {3},
Pages = {525-537},
Year = {2020},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-020-00158-3},
Abstract = {Certain features of both extant and fossil anthropoid
primates have been interpreted as adaptations to ripe fruit
foraging and feeding particularly spatulate incisors and
trichromatic color vision. Here, we approach the question of
anthropoid fruit foraging adaptations in light of the
sensory and mechanical properties of anthropoid-consumed
fruits in Kibale National Park, Uganda. We quantify the
color, odor, size, and puncture resistance of fruits in
Kibale that are consumed by anthropoid primates (N = 44) and
compare these with the same traits of fruits that are not
consumed by anthropoid primates (N = 24). Contrary to extant
hypotheses, color and odor of anthropoid-consumed fruits do
not differ from non-anthropoid–consumed fruits. However,
we find that anthropoids in this system consume fruits that
are significantly larger than non-anthropoid–consumed
fruits, and with the exception of elephants that consume
very large fruits, are the only dispersers of fruits with a
surface area <4032 mm2, and a maximum diameter of 52 mm.
While our findings do not support most extant hypotheses for
the evolution of derived anthropoid primate traits as
adaptations to ripe fruit foraging, we find some evidence to
support the hypothesis that spatulate incisors may be an
adaptation to foraging on large fruits, which tend to be
harder.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-020-00158-3},
Key = {fds354725}
}
@article{fds351332,
Author = {Kay, RF and Perry, JMG and Vizcaano, SF and Bargo,
MS},
Title = {A skeleton of HomunculuspatagonicusAmeghino, 1891 from the
Santa Cruz Formation (Early Miocene, Patagonia)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {171},
Pages = {138-138},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2020},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds351332}
}
@misc{fds349309,
Author = {Trayler, RB and Schmitz, MD and Cuitiño, JI and Kohn, MJ and Bargo, MS and Kay, RF and Strömberg, CAE and Vizcaíno, SF},
Title = {An improved approach to age-modeling in deep time:
Implications for the Santa Cruz Formation,
Argentina},
Journal = {Bulletin of the Geological Society of America},
Volume = {132},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {233-244},
Year = {2020},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B35203.1},
Abstract = {Accurate age-depth models for proxy records are crucial for
inferring changes to the environment through space and time,
yet traditional methods of constructing these models assume
unrealistically small age uncertainties and do not account
for many geologic complexities. Here we modify an existing
Bayesian age-depth model to foster its application for deep
time U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology. More flexible input
likelihood functions and use of an adaptive proposal
algorithm in the Markov Chain Monte Carlo engine better
account for the age variability often observed in magmatic
crystal populations, whose dispersion can reflect
inheritance, crystal residence times and daughter isotope
loss. We illustrate this approach by calculating an
age-depth model with a contiguous and realistic uncertainty
envelope for the Miocene Santa Cruz Formation (early
Miocene; Burdigalian), Argentina. The model is calibrated
using new, high-precision isotope dilution U-Pb zircon ages
for stratigraphically located interbedded tuffs, whose
weighted mean ages range from ca. 16.78 ± 0.03 Ma to 17.62
± 0.03 Ma. We document how the Bayesian age-depth model
objectively reallocates probability across the posterior
ages of dated horizons, and thus produces better estimates
of relative ages among strata and variations in
sedimentation rate. We also present a simple method to
propagate age-depth model uncertainties onto stratigraphic
proxy data using a Monte Carlo technique. This approach
allows us to estimate robust uncertainties on isotope
composition through time, important for comparisons of
terrestrial systems to other proxy records.},
Doi = {10.1130/B35203.1},
Key = {fds349309}
}
@misc{fds348490,
Author = {Plavcan, JM and Ward, CV and Kay, RF and Manthi, FK},
Title = {A diminutive Pliocene guenon from Kanapoi, West Turkana,
Kenya.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {135},
Pages = {102623},
Year = {2019},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.05.011},
Abstract = {Although modern guenons are diverse and abundant in Africa,
the fossil record of this group is surprisingly sparse. In
2012 the West Turkana Paleo Project team recovered two
associated molar teeth of a small primate from the Pliocene
site of Kanapoi, West Turkana, Kenya. The teeth are
bilophodont and the third molar lacks a hypoconulid, which
is diagnostic for Cercopithecini. The teeth are the same
size as those of extant Miopithecus, which is thought to be
a dwarfed guenon, as well as a partial mandible preserving
two worn teeth, previously recovered from Koobi Fora, Kenya,
which was also tentatively identified as a guenon possibly
allied with Miopithecus. Tooth size and proportions, as well
as analysis of relative cusp size and shearing crest
development clearly separate the fossil from all known
guenons. Based on the Kanapoi material, we erect a new genus
and species, Nanopithecus browni gen. et sp. nov. The small
size of the specimen suggests either that dwarfing occurred
early in the lineage, or at least twice independently,
depending on the relationship of the new species with extant
Miopithecus. Further, the distinctive habitat and geographic
separation from Miopithecus suggests that the origin of
small body size is not uniquely linked to the current
habitat of Miopithecus, and possibly that relatives of
extant Miopithecus were much more widely distributed in the
past. This in turn argues caution in using extant
biogeography in models of the origins of at least some
guenons.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.05.011},
Key = {fds348490}
}
@misc{fds345405,
Author = {Kay, RF and Gonzales, LA and Salenbien, W and Martinez, J-N and Cooke,
SB and Valdivia, LA and Rigsby, C and Baker, PA},
Title = {Parvimico materdei gen. et sp. nov.: A new platyrrhine from
the Early Miocene of the Amazon Basin, Peru.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {134},
Pages = {102628},
Year = {2019},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.05.016},
Abstract = {Three field seasons of exploration along the Río Alto Madre
de Dios in Peruvian Amazonia have yielded a fauna of
micromammals from a new locality AMD-45, at ∼12.8°S. So
far we have identified the new primate described here as
well as small caviomorph rodents, cenolestoid marsupials,
interatheriid notoungulates, xenarthrans, fish, lizards and
invertebrates. The site is in the Bala Formation as exposed
where the river transects a syncline. U-Pb dates on detrital
zircons constrain the locality's age at between
17.1 ± 0.7 Ma and 18.9 ± 0.7 Ma, making the fauna
age-equivalent to that from the Pinturas Formation and the
older parts of the Santa Cruz Formation of Patagonian
Argentina (Santacrucian). The primate specimen is an unworn
M<sup>1</sup> of exceptionally small size (equivalent in
size to the extant callitrichine, Callithrix jacchus, among
the smallest living platyrrhines and the smallest
Eocene-Early Miocene platyrrhine yet recorded). Despite its
small size it is unlike extant callitrichines in having a
prominent cingulum hypocone. Based on the moderate
development of the buccal crests, this animal likely had a
diet similar to that of frugivorous callitrichines, and
distinctly different from the more similarly-sized
gummivores, Cebuella and C. jacchus. The phyletic position
of the new taxon is uncertain, especially given the
autapomorphic character of the tooth as a whole.
Nevertheless, its unusual morphology hints at a wholly
original and hitherto unknown Amazonian fauna, and
reinforces the impression of the geographic separation of
the Amazonian tropics from the more geographically isolated
southerly parts of the continent in Early Miocene
times.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.05.016},
Key = {fds345405}
}
@misc{fds341490,
Author = {Pampush, JD and Crowell, J and Karme, A and Macrae, SA and Kay, RF and Ungar, PS},
Title = {Technical note: Comparing dental topography software using
platyrrhine molars.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {169},
Number = {1},
Pages = {179-185},
Year = {2019},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23797},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>There remain many idiosyncrasies among
the values calculated for varying dental topography metrics
arising from differences in software preferences among
research groups. The aim of this work is to compare and
provide potential conversion formulae for dental topography
metrics calculated using differing software
platforms.<h4>Methods</h4>Three software packages: ArcGIS,
Surfer Manipulator, and molaR were used to calculate
orientation patch count rotated (OPCR), Dirichlet normal
energy (DNE), occlusal relief (OR), slope (m), and
angularity (a) on platyrrhine second upper molars. Values
derived from the various software packages were compared for
distributional consistency and correlation. Where
appropriate, formulae for conversion between like measures
calculated on different software platforms were
developed.<h4>Results</h4>When compared with the same
measurement across software, OPCR, OR, and slope were all
highly correlated. However, only OR demonstrated
distributional consistency (i.e., nearly consistent mean,
median, max, and min). Slope and OPCR were both higher when
calculated by molaR as compared to Surfer Manipulator and
ArcGIS calculations, conversion formulae are provided for
these measures. DNE is only weakly correlated with
angularity; but is correlated with orientation patch count
across taxa.<h4>Discussion</h4>We explore why there is
variation in the dental topography values calculated among
the various software packages. The conversion formulae
provided in this work will make possible direct comparisons
among studies conducted across multiple research
groups.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23797},
Key = {fds341490}
}
@misc{fds341591,
Author = {Spradley, JP and Glazer, BJ and Kay, RF},
Title = {Mammalian faunas, ecological indices, and machine-learning
regression for the purpose of paleoenvironment
reconstruction in the Miocene of South America},
Journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
Volume = {518},
Pages = {155-171},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.01.014},
Abstract = {Reconstructing paleoenvironments has long been considered a
vital component for understanding community structure of
extinct organisms, as well as patterns that guide
evolutionary pathways of species and higher-level taxa.
Given the relative geographic and phylogenetic isolation of
the South American continent throughout much of the
Cenozoic, the South American fossil record presents a unique
perspective of mammalian community evolution in the context
of changing climates and environments. Here we focus on one
line of evidence for paleoenvironment reconstruction:
ecological diversity, i.e. the number and types of
ecological niches filled within a given fauna. We propose a
novel approach by utilizing ecological indices as predictors
in two regressive modeling techniques—Random Forest (RF)
and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR)—which are applied to
85 extant Central and South American localities to produce
paleoecological prediction models. Faunal richness is
quantified via ratios of ecologies within the mammalian
communities, i.e. ecological indices, which serve as
predictor variables in our models. Six climate/habitat
variables were then predicted using these ecological
indices: mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual
precipitation (MAP), temperature seasonality, precipitation
seasonality, canopy height, and net primary productivity
(NPP). Predictive accuracy of RF and GPR is markedly higher
when compared to previously published methods. MAT, MAP, and
temperature seasonality have the lowest predictive error. We
use these models to reconstruct paleoclimatic variables in
two well-sampled Miocene faunas from South America:
fossiliferous layers (FL) 1–7, Santa Cruz Formation (Early
Miocene), Santa Cruz Province, Argentina; and the Monkey
Beds unit, Villavieja Formation (Middle Miocene) Huila,
Colombia. Results suggest general concordance with published
estimations of precipitation and temperature, and add
information with regards to the other climate/habitat
variables included here. Ultimately, we believe that RF and
GPR in conjunction with ecological indices have the
potential to contribute to paleoenvironment
reconstruction.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.01.014},
Key = {fds341591}
}
@article{fds343795,
Author = {Morse, PE and Pampush, JD and Kay, RF},
Title = {Junk DNE: How Surface Simplification and Scanning Resolution
Affect Measures of Dental Crown Sharpness},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {168},
Pages = {169-169},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds343795}
}
@article{fds343796,
Author = {Lundeen, IK and Kay, RF},
Title = {Olfactory system anatomy in Homunculus and the ecological
importance of olfactory cues among stem platyrrhines},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {168},
Pages = {148-149},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds343796}
}
@misc{fds339572,
Author = {Gonzales, LA and Malinzak, MD and Kay, RF},
Title = {Intraspecific variation in semicircular canal morphology-A
missing element in adaptive scenarios?},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {168},
Number = {1},
Pages = {10-24},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23692},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Recent evidence suggests that the amount
of intraspecific variation in semicircular canal morphology
may, itself, be evidence for varying levels of selection
related to locomotor demands. To determine the extent of
this phenomenon across taxa, we expand upon previous work by
examining intraspecific variation in canal radii and canal
orthogonality in a broad sample of strepsirrhine and
platyrrhine primates. Patterns of interspecific variation
are re-examined in light of intraspecific variation to
better understand the resolution at which locomotion can be
reconstructed from single individuals.<h4>Materials and
methods</h4>Data was collected from high-resolution CT scans
of 14 size-matched, related species. Six of these taxa have
existing data on rotational head speeds.<h4>Results</h4>The
level of intraspecific variation was found to differ in
strepsirrhine and in platyrrhine species pairs, with larger
ranges of variation generally observed for the slower moving
taxon than the faster moving one. Taxa that are classified
as relatively agile can to some extent be separated from
those who are slower-moving, but only when comparing
similarly sized, closely related species with more extreme
forms of locomotion.<h4>Discussion</h4>Our findings agree
with previous research showing that canal intraspecific
variation can fluctuate according to species-specific
locomotor behavior and extends this further by identifying
behaviors that may be under unusual selective pressure. It
also demonstrates the complexity of interpreting inner ear
morphology in the context of broadly applicable locomotor
"categories" of the kind commonly used in behavioral
studies. We suspect that simplified models predicting
vestibular sensitivity may be unable to differentiate
behaviors when only a single specimen is
available.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23692},
Key = {fds339572}
}
@misc{fds343797,
Author = {Bhandari, A and Kay, RF and Williams, BA and Tiwari, BN and Bajpai, S and Hieronymus, T},
Title = {Correction: First record of the Miocene hominoid
Sivapithecus from Kutch, Gujarat state, western
India.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {14},
Number = {5},
Pages = {e0217960},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217960},
Abstract = {[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206314.].},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0217960},
Key = {fds343797}
}
@misc{fds351192,
Author = {Fernicola, JC and Vizcaíno, SF and Susana Bargo and M and Kay, RF and Cuitiño, JI},
Title = {Analysis of the Early-Middle Miocene mammal associations at
the Río Santa Cruz (Patagonia, Argentina)},
Journal = {Publicacion Electronica de la Asociacion Paleontologica
Argentina},
Volume = {19},
Number = {2},
Pages = {239-259},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5710/PEAPA.01.11.2019.309},
Abstract = {The Santa Cruz Formation (SCF) records high latitude
terrestrial paleoecosystems in the Southern Hemisphere
during Burdigalian-early Langhian times (Early-Middle
Miocene). Mammalian fossils from Río Santa Cruz (RSC)
localities were first collected in the late 19th century,
forming the basis for the Santacrucian South American Land
Mammal Age. New collections permitt an update of the SCF
mammalian species along the RSC. The total taxonomic
richness is 95 mammalian species. Many species considered by
Ameghino as exclusive for the older Notohippidian stage at
similar latitude in the west, are not in fact so. The
taxonomic richness in three localities along the RSC is
substantially different: 47 species from Barrancas Blancas
(BB), 60 from Segundas Barrancas Blancas (SBB) and nine from
Yaten Huageno. The faunal composition between BB and SBB is
also different: they share 31 species, of which six are
present only at BB and 20 only at SBB. More than 85 % of all
RSC species are also found at Atlantic coastal exposures of
the SCF. In spite of BB (~17.04-16.49 Ma) being closer in
age to coastal exposures, and SBB fossils (~16.46-15.63 Ma)
being younger than the coastal localities (~17.80-16.30 Ma),
the greatest similarity is between SBB and the coast. Faunal
differences among the localities may be accounted for local
variation in climatic and environmental factors. Previously
proposed Santacrucian biozones should be set aside. The
exposures of the SCF along the RSC should be considered as
the type area of this unit and the Santacrucian
fauna.},
Doi = {10.5710/PEAPA.01.11.2019.309},
Key = {fds351192}
}
@misc{fds351479,
Author = {Fernicola, JC and Bargo, MS and Vizcaíno, SF and Kay,
RF},
Title = {Historical background for a revision of the paleontology of
the Santa Cruz formation (Early–Middle Miocene) along the
rÍo Santa Cruz, Patagonia, Argentina},
Journal = {Publicacion Electronica de la Asociacion Paleontologica
Argentina},
Volume = {19},
Number = {2},
Publisher = {Asociacion Paleontologica Argentina},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5710/PEAPA.18.09.2019.300},
Abstract = {In 1887, Carlos Ameghino carried out the first geological
and paleontological expedition to the Río Santa Cruz (RSC),
Patagonia, Argentina. Between 1887 and 1889, Florentino
Ameghino studied the fossils obtained by Carlos, founding
more than 120 taxa and establishing his Formación
Santacruceña and Piso Santacruceño. In 1888, F. Ameghino
was exonerated from the Museo de La Plata and replaced by
Alcides Mercerat in 1889, starting a strong competition for
the Santacrucian fossils, which since 1890 were obtained
mainly on the Atlantic coast. Until 1894, Ameghino and
Mercerat founded more than 500 mammal species, of which 80%
correspond to Ameghino who, later, synonymized almost all
Mercerat species. At the end of the 19th century, foreign
explorers visited Patagonia, but they did not collect in the
RSC. So the largest RSC collections were made until 1889.
The Santacrucian collections of the 19th century have vague
and in some cases contradictory geographical information.
This is true for the Santacrucian species reassigned by F.
Ameghino to the Notohippidian, an association that he
located northwest of the RSC. Recent analyses show that
several of these specimens were collected southwest of the
RSC. These and other facts demonstrate the inconvenience of
using the data from the old collections in biostratigraphic
and paleoecological studies without a critical analysis of
the history of their provenance. Since 2003, a research
program was launched that promoted biostratigraphic and
paleoecological studies of the Santa Cruz Formation (SCF).
This Thematic Volume compiles contributions on geology,
stratigraphy, taxonomy, and mammal association’s analyses
of the SCF along the RSC.},
Doi = {10.5710/PEAPA.18.09.2019.300},
Key = {fds351479}
}
@misc{fds366272,
Author = {Kay, RF and Perry, JMG},
Title = {New primates from the Río Santa Cruz and Río Bote
(Early-Middle Miocene), Santa Cruz Province,
Argentina},
Journal = {Publicacion Electronica de la Asociacion Paleontologica
Argentina},
Volume = {19},
Number = {2},
Pages = {230-238},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5710/PEAPA.24.08.2019.289},
Abstract = {Four specimens of primates were collected from the Santa
Cruz Formation (Early-Middle Miocene) during expeditions
undertaken by the Museo de la Plata, Museo Argentino de
Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, and Duke
University in 2013, 2014, and 2017. A new species of
Homunculus Ameghino, H. vizcainoi (Platyrrhini,
Homunculidae), was identified at Barrancas Blancas, and
Segundas Barrancas Blancas localities on the right bank of
the Río Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz Province, Argentina). The
Barrancas Blancas specimen comes from a tuff dated at 17.04
Ma; those from Segundas Barrancas Blancas are older than a
tuff dated at 16.32 Ma and younger than a tuff dated at
17.36 Ma. A Río Bote specimen is confidently identified as
Homunculus, but of uncertain species. All these fossil
primates are temporally equivalent to those from the coastal
Santa Cruz Formation, and younger than those from the
Pinturas Formation to the north. By contrast, the lower and
middle strata of the Pinturas Formation contain a different
but closely related taxon, Carlocebus Fleagle. All known
records of Carlocebus from the Pinturas Formation in north
central Santa Cruz Province are older than the known
occurrences of Homunculus in the Santa Cruz Formation in the
Río Santa Cruz valley, Río Bote and elsewhere.},
Doi = {10.5710/PEAPA.24.08.2019.289},
Key = {fds366272}
}
@misc{fds338110,
Author = {Pampush, JD and Spradley, JP and Morse, PE and Griffith, D and Gladman,
JT and Gonzales, LA and Kay, RF},
Title = {Adaptive wear-based changes in dental topography associated
with atelid (Mammalia: Primates) diets},
Journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society},
Volume = {124},
Number = {4},
Pages = {584-606},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2018},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/bly069},
Abstract = {Primates are generally characterized by low-crowned,
brachydont molars relative to many other groups of mammals.
This conservative architecture may create special challenges
for maintaining dental functionality in the case of a diet
requiring proficient shearing ability (e.g. folivory). One
recent hypothesis, the 'dental sculpting hypothesis',
suggests that some folivorous primates have dentitions that
functionally harness macrowear in maintaining occlusal
sharpness. We examined the relationships between four dental
topography metrics [Dirichlet normal energy (DNE),
orientation patch count rotated (OPCR), relief index (RFI)
and occlusal relief (OR)] against macrowear [as measured by
the dentine exposure ratio (DER)] in lower first molars of
Ateles and Alouatta, which are two closely related
platyrrhines with different diets (Alouatta is a folivore
and Ateles a frugivore). We find support for the dental
sculpting hypothesis, in that DNE increases with macrowear
in the folivorous Alouatta but not in the frugivorous
Ateles. Multiple contradictions between OPCR and the other
variables suggest that this metric is a poor reflection of
the molar form-function relationship in these primates.
Distributions of relief measures (RFI and OR) confound
expectations and prior observations, in that Ateles shows
higher values than Alouatta, because these measures are
thought to be correlated with dental shearing ability. We
discuss the role that the relatively thicker enamel caps of
Ateles might play in the distributions of these
metrics.},
Doi = {10.1093/biolinnean/bly069},
Key = {fds338110}
}
@misc{fds333273,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {100 years of primate paleontology.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {165},
Number = {4},
Pages = {652-676},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23429},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23429},
Key = {fds333273}
}
@article{fds338111,
Author = {Gonzales, LA and Kay, RF and Salenbien, W and Angel Valdivia and L and Bejar, G and Chornogubsky, L and Martinez, J-N and Rigsby, CA and Baker,
PA},
Title = {New Early Miocene primate bearing faunal assemblage from the
Alto Madre de Dios, Peru},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {101-102},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds338111}
}
@article{fds338112,
Author = {Pampush, JD and Morse, PE and Chester, SGB and Spradley, JP and Williams, BA and Glander, KE and Teaford, MF and Kay,
RF},
Title = {Dental Topography and Food Processing in Wild-Caught Costa
Rican Alouatta},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {198-198},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds338112}
}
@misc{fds339740,
Author = {Bhandari, A and Kay, RF and Williams, BA and Tiwari, BN and Bajpai, S and Hieronymus, T},
Title = {First record of the Miocene hominoid Sivapithecus from
Kutch, Gujarat state, western India.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {13},
Number = {11},
Pages = {e0206314},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206314},
Abstract = {Hominoid remains from Miocene deposits in India and Pakistan
have played a pivotal role in understanding the evolution of
great apes and humans since they were first described in the
19th Century. We describe here a hominoid maxillary fragment
preserving the canine and cheek teeth collected in 2011 from
the Kutch (= Kachchh) basin in the Kutch district, Gujarat
state, western India. A basal Late Miocene age is proposed
based on the associated faunal assemblage that includes
Hipparion and other age-diagnostic mammalian taxa. Miocene
Hominoidea are known previously from several areas of the
Siwalik Group in the outer western Himalayas of India,
Pakistan, and Nepal. This is the first record of a hominoid
from the Neogene of the Kutch Basin and represents a
significant southern range extension of Miocene hominoids in
the Indian peninsula. The specimen is assigned to the Genus
Sivapithecus, species unspecified.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0206314},
Key = {fds339740}
}
@misc{fds329794,
Author = {Spradley, JP and Pampush, JD and Morse, PE and Kay,
RF},
Title = {Smooth operator: The effects of different 3D mesh
retriangulation protocols on the computation of Dirichlet
normal energy.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {163},
Number = {1},
Pages = {94-109},
Year = {2017},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23188},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Dirichlet normal energy (DNE) is a metric
of surface topography that has been used to evaluate the
relationship between the surface complexity of primate cheek
teeth and dietary categories. This study examines the
effects of different 3D mesh retriangulation protocols on
DNE. We examine how different protocols influence the DNE of
a simple geometric shape-a hemisphere-to gain a more
thorough understanding than can be achieved by investigating
a complex biological surface such as a tooth
crown.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>We calculate DNE on 3D
surface meshes of hemispheres and on primate molars
subjected to various retriangulation protocols, including
smoothing algorithms, smoothing amounts, target face counts,
and criteria for boundary face exclusion. Software used
includes R, MorphoTester, Avizo, and MeshLab. DNE was
calculated using the R package "molaR."<h4>Results</h4>In
all cases, smoothing as performed in Avizo sharply decreases
DNE initially, after which DNE becomes stable. Using a
broader boundary exclusion criterion or performing
additional smoothing (using "mesh fairing" methods) further
decreases DNE. Increasing the mesh face count also results
in increased DNE on tooth surfaces.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Different
retriangulation protocols yield different DNE values for the
same surfaces, and should not be combined in meta-analyses.
Increasing face count will capture surface microfeatures,
but at the expense of computational speed. More aggressive
smoothing is more likely to alter the essential geometry of
the surface. A protocol is proposed that limits potential
artifacts created during surface production while preserving
pertinent features on the occlusal surface.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23188},
Key = {fds329794}
}
@article{fds332823,
Author = {Pampush, JD and Spradley, JP and Gladman, JT and Griffith, D and Gonzales, LA and Kay, RF},
Title = {Platyrrhine dynamic dental topography: implications for
secondary dental morphology in brachydont, long-lived
taxa},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {162},
Pages = {308-309},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds332823}
}
@article{fds332824,
Author = {Kay, RF and Williams, BA},
Title = {Are there any African Platyrrhines?},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {162},
Pages = {239-240},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds332824}
}
@misc{fds344618,
Author = {Kay, RF and Grine, FE},
Title = {Tooth morphology, wear and diet in australopithecus and
paran thropus from Southern Africa},
Pages = {427-447},
Booktitle = {Evolutionary History of the "Robust" Australopithecines},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780202361376},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203792667},
Abstract = {For over 30 years, the dietary proclivities of the
australopithecines have been the subject of considerable
study and debate. The longevity of these debates is
understandable because the question of diet is central to
the construction of viable models of early hominid ecology
and evolution. Not only do dietary factors directly affect
the structures of the masticatory system, the anatomical
parts that comprise the bulk of the fossil record, but they
also bear upon musculoskeletal developments associated with
food acquisition.},
Doi = {10.4324/9780203792667},
Key = {fds344618}
}
@misc{fds331374,
Author = {Vizcaíno, S and De Iullis and G and Brinkman, P and Kay, R and Brinkman,
D},
Title = {ON AN ALBUM OF PHOTOGRAPHS RECORDING FOSSILS IN THE "OLD
COLLECTIONS" OF THE MUSEO DE LA PLATA AND AMEGHINO?S PRIVATE
COLLECTION AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XXTH CENTURY},
Journal = {Publicación Electrónica de la Asociación Paleontológica
Argentina},
Publisher = {Asociacion Paleontologica Argentina},
Year = {2017},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5710/peapa.21.06.2017.244},
Doi = {10.5710/peapa.21.06.2017.244},
Key = {fds331374}
}
@misc{fds318206,
Author = {Pampush, JD and Winchester, JM and Morse, PE and Vining, AQ and Boyer,
DM and Kay, RF},
Title = {Introducing molaR: a New R Package for Quantitative
Topographic Analysis of Teeth (and Other Topographic
Surfaces)},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalian Evolution},
Volume = {23},
Number = {4},
Pages = {397-412},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2016},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10914-016-9326-0},
Abstract = {Researchers studying mammalian dentitions from functional
and adaptive perspectives increasingly have moved towards
using dental topography measures that can be estimated from
3D surface scans, which do not require identification of
specific homologous landmarks. Here we present molaR, a new
R package designed to assist researchers in calculating four
commonly used topographic measures: Dirichlet Normal Energy
(DNE), Relief Index (RFI), Orientation Patch Count (OPC),
and Orientation Patch Count Rotated (OPCR) from surface
scans of teeth, enabling a unified application of these
informative new metrics. In addition to providing
topographic measuring tools, molaR has complimentary
plotting functions enabling highly customizable
visualization of results. This article gives a detailed
description of the DNE measure, walks researchers through
installing, operating, and troubleshooting molaR and its
functions, and gives an example of a simple comparison that
measured teeth of the primates Alouatta and Pithecia in
molaR and other available software packages. molaR is a free
and open source software extension, which can be found at
the doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.3563.4961 (molaR v. 2.0) as well as
on the Internet repository CRAN, which stores R
packages.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10914-016-9326-0},
Key = {fds318206}
}
@misc{fds318208,
Author = {Pampush, JD and Spradley, JP and Morse, PE and Harrington, AR and Allen,
KL and Boyer, DM and Kay, RF},
Title = {Wear and its effects on dental topography measures in
howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata).},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {161},
Number = {4},
Pages = {705-721},
Year = {2016},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23077},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Three dental topography measurements:
Dirichlet Normal Energy (DNE), Relief Index (RFI), and
Orientation Patch Count Rotated (OPCR) are examined for
their interaction with measures of wear, within and between
upper and lower molars in Alouatta palliata. Potential
inferences of the "dental sculpting" phenomenon are
explored.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>Fifteen occluding
pairs of howling monkey first molars (15 upper, 15 lower)
opportunistically collected from La Pacifica, Costa Rica,
were selected to sample wear stages ranging from unworn to
heavily worn as measured by the Dentine Exposure Ratio
(DER). DNE, RFI, and OPCR were measured from
three-dimensional surface reconstructions (PLY files)
derived from high-resolution CT scans. Relationships among
the variables were tested with regression
analyses.<h4>Results</h4>Upper molars have more cutting
edges, exhibiting significantly higher DNE, but have
significantly lower RFI values. However, the relationships
among the measures are concordant across both sets of
molars. DER and EDJL are curvilinearly related. DER is
positively correlated with DNE, negatively correlated with
RFI, and uncorrelated with OPCR. EDJL is not correlated with
DNE, or RFI, but is positively correlated with OPCR among
lower molars only.<h4>Discussion</h4>The relationships among
these metrics suggest that howling monkey teeth adaptively
engage macrowear. DNE increases with wear in this sample
presumably improving food breakdown. RFI is initially high
but declines with wear, suggesting that the initially high
RFI safeguards against dental senescence. OPCR values in
howling monkey teeth do not show a clear relationship with
wear changes.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23077},
Key = {fds318208}
}
@misc{fds322926,
Author = {Fulwood, EL and Boyer, DM and Kay, RF},
Title = {Stem members of Platyrrhini are distinct from catarrhines in
at least one derived cranial feature.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {100},
Pages = {16-24},
Year = {2016},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.08.001},
Abstract = {The pterion, on the lateral aspect of the cranium, is where
the zygomatic, frontal, sphenoid, squamosal, and parietal
bones approach and contact. The configuration of these bones
distinguishes New and Old World anthropoids: most extant
platyrrhines exhibit contact between the parietal and
zygomatic bones, while all known catarrhines exhibit
frontal-alisphenoid contact. However, it is thought that
early stem-platyrrhines retained the apparently primitive
catarrhine condition. Here we re-evaluate the condition of
key fossil taxa using μCT (micro-computed tomography)
imaging. The single known specimen of Tremacebus and an
adult cranium of Antillothrix exhibit the typical
platyrrhine condition of parietal-zygomatic contact. The
same is true of one specimen of Homunculus, while a second
specimen has the 'catarrhine' condition. When these new data
are incorporated into an ancestral state reconstruction,
they support the conclusion that pterion frontal-alisphenoid
contact characterized the last common ancestor of crown
anthropoids and that contact between the parietal and
zygomatic is a synapomorphy of Platyrrhini.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.08.001},
Key = {fds322926}
}
@misc{fds318207,
Author = {Cuitiño, JI and Fernicola, JC and Kohn, MJ and Trayler, R and Naipauer,
M and Bargo, MS and Kay, RF and Vizcaíno, SF},
Title = {U-Pb geochronology of the Santa Cruz Formation (early
Miocene) at the Río Bote and Río Santa Cruz (southernmost
Patagonia, Argentina): Implications for the correlation of
fossil vertebrate localities},
Journal = {Journal of South American Earth Sciences},
Volume = {70},
Pages = {198-210},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2016.05.007},
Abstract = {The early Miocene Santa Cruz Formation (SCF) in southern
Patagonia hosts the Santacrucian South American Land Mammal
Age (SALMA), whose age is known mainly from exposures along
the Atlantic coast. Zircon U-Pb ages were obtained from
intercalated tuffs from four inland sections of the SCF:
17.36 ± 0.63 Ma for the westernmost Río Bote locality, and
17.04 ± 0.55 Ma-16.32 ± 0.62 Ma for central Río Santa
Cruz localities. All ages agree with the bounding age of
underlying marine units and with equivalent strata in
coastal exposures. New ages and available sedimentation
rates imply time spans for each section of ~18.2 to 17.36 Ma
for Río Bote and 17.45-15.63 Ma for central Río Santa Cruz
(Burdigalian). These estimates support the view that
deposition of the SCF began at western localities ~1 Ma
earlier than at eastern localities, and that the central
Río Santa Cruz localities expose the youngest SCF in
southern Santa Cruz Province. Associated vertebrate faunas
are consistent with our geochronologic synthesis, showing
older (Notohippidian) taxa in western localities and younger
(Santacrucian) taxa in central localities. The Notohippidian
fauna (19.0-18.0 Ma) of the western localities is
synchronous with Pinturan faunas (19.0-18.0 Ma), but older
than Santacrucian faunas of the Río Santa Cruz (17.2-15.6
Ma) and coastal localities (18.0-16.2 Ma). The Santacrucian
faunas of the central Río Santa Cruz localities temporally
overlap Colloncuran (15.7 Ma), Friasian (16.5 Ma), and
eastern Santacrucian faunas.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jsames.2016.05.007},
Key = {fds318207}
}
@misc{fds318209,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Kirk, EC and Silcox, MT and Gunnell, GF and Gilbert, CC and Yapuncich, GS and Allen, KL and Welch, E and Bloch, JI and Gonzales, LA and Kay, RF and Seiffert, ER},
Title = {Internal carotid arterial canal size and scaling in
Euarchonta: Re-assessing implications for arterial patency
and phylogenetic relationships in early fossil
primates.},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Volume = {97},
Pages = {123-144},
Year = {2016},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.06.002},
Abstract = {Primate species typically differ from other mammals in
having bony canals that enclose the branches of the internal
carotid artery (ICA) as they pass through the middle ear.
The presence and relative size of these canals varies among
major primate clades. As a result, differences in the
anatomy of the canals for the promontorial and stapedial
branches of the ICA have been cited as evidence of either
haplorhine or strepsirrhine affinities among otherwise
enigmatic early fossil euprimates. Here we use micro X-ray
computed tomography to compile the largest quantitative
dataset on ICA canal sizes. The data suggest greater
variation of the ICA canals within some groups than has been
previously appreciated. For example, Lepilemur and Avahi
differ from most other lemuriforms in having a larger
promontorial canal than stapedial canal. Furthermore,
various lemurids are intraspecifically variable in relative
canal size, with the promontorial canal being larger than
the stapedial canal in some individuals but not others. In
species where the promontorial artery supplies the brain
with blood, the size of the promontorial canal is
significantly correlated with endocranial volume (ECV).
Among species with alternate routes of encephalic blood
supply, the promontorial canal is highly reduced relative to
ECV, and correlated with both ECV and cranium size.
Ancestral state reconstructions incorporating data from
fossils suggest that the last common ancestor of living
primates had promontorial and stapedial canals that were
similar to each other in size and large relative to ECV. We
conclude that the plesiomorphic condition for crown primates
is to have a patent promontorial artery supplying the brain
and a patent stapedial artery for various non-encephalic
structures. This inferred ancestral condition is exhibited
by treeshrews and most early fossil euprimates, while extant
primates exhibit reduction in one canal or another. The only
early fossils deviating from this plesiomorphic condition
are Adapis parisiensis with a reduced promontorial canal,
and Rooneyia and Mahgarita with reduced stapedial
canals.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.06.002},
Key = {fds318209}
}
@article{fds318210,
Author = {Pampush, JD and Harrington, AR and Spradley, JP and Vining, AQ and Allen, KL and Kay, RF},
Title = {Quantitative Occlusal Surface Complexity Metrics and Dental
Wear in Alouatta palliata},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {247-247},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds318210}
}
@article{fds318211,
Author = {Spradley, JP and Pampush, JD and Kay, RF},
Title = {Environmental Variation Explains Mammalian Niche Structure
in Central and South America},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {299-299},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds318211}
}
@article{fds318212,
Author = {Gonzales, LA and Malinzak, MD and Kay, RF},
Title = {The influence of brain size on canal radius of
curvature},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {157-158},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds318212}
}
@misc{fds240465,
Author = {Spradley, JP and Glander, KE and Kay, RF},
Title = {Dust in the wind: How climate variables and volcanic dust
affect rates of tooth wear in Central American howling
monkeys.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {159},
Number = {2},
Pages = {210-222},
Year = {2016},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10795 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Two factors have been considered
important contributors to tooth wear: dietary abrasives in
plant foods themselves and mineral particles adhering to
ingested food. Each factor limits the functional life of
teeth. Cross-population studies of wear rates in a single
species living in different habitats may point to the
relative contributions of each factor.<h4>Materials and
methods</h4>We examine macroscopic dental wear in
populations of Alouatta palliata (Gray, 1849) from Costa
Rica (115 specimens), Panama (19), and Nicaragua (56). The
sites differ in mean annual precipitation, with the
Panamanian sites receiving more than twice the precipitation
of those in Costa Rica or Nicaragua (∼3,500 mm vs.
∼1,500 mm). Additionally, many of the Nicaraguan specimens
were collected downwind of active plinian volcanoes. Molar
wear is expressed as the ratio of exposed dentin area to
tooth area; premolar wear was scored using a ranking
system.<h4>Results</h4>Despite substantial variation in
environmental variables and the added presence of ash in
some environments, molar wear rates do not differ
significantly among the populations. Premolar wear, however,
is greater in individuals collected downwind from active
volcanoes compared with those living in environments that
did not experience ash-fall.<h4>Discussion</h4>Volcanic ash
seems to be an important contributor to anterior tooth wear
but less so in molar wear. That wear is not found uniformly
across the tooth row may be related to malformation in the
premolars due to fluorosis. A surge of fluoride accompanying
the volcanic ash may differentially affect the premolars as
the molars fully mineralize early in the life of
Alouatta.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22877},
Key = {fds240465}
}
@misc{fds240468,
Author = {Raigemborn, MS and Matheos, SD and Krapovickas, V and Vizcaíno, SF and Bargo, MS and Kay, RF and Fernicola, JC and Zapata,
L},
Title = {Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the coastal Monte Léon
and Santa Cruz formations (Early Miocene) at Rincón del
Buque, Southern Patagonia: A revisited locality},
Journal = {Journal of South American Earth Sciences},
Volume = {60},
Pages = {31-55},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2015},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0895-9811},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10779 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Sedimentological, ichnological and paleontological analyses
of the Early Miocene uppermost Monte León Formation and the
lower part of the Santa Cruz Formation were carried out in
Rincón del Buque (RDB), a fossiliferous locality north of
Río Coyle in Santa Cruz Province, Patagonia, Argentina.
This locality is of special importance because it contains
the basal contact between the Monte Léon (MLF) and the
Santa Cruz (SCF) formations and because it preserves a rich
fossil assemblage of marine invertebrates and marine trace
fossils, and terrestrial vertebrates and plants, which has
not been extensively studied. A ~90m-thick section of the
MLF and the SCF that crops out at RDB was selected for this
study. Eleven facies associations (FA) are described, which
are, from base to top: subtidal-intertidal deposits with
Crassotrea orbignyi and bioturbation of the
Skolithos-Cruziana ichnofacies (FA1); tidal creek deposits
with terrestrial fossil mammals and Ophiomorpha isp. burrows
(FA2); tidal flat deposits with Glossifungites ichnofacies
(FA3); deposits of tidal channels (FA4) and tidal sand flats
(FA5) both with and impoverish Skolithos ichnofacies
associated; marsh deposits (FA6); tidal point bar deposits
recording a depauperate mixture of both the Skolithos and
Cruziana ichnofacies (FA7); fluvial channel deposits (FA8);
fluvial point bar deposits (FA9); floodplain deposits
(FA10); and pyroclastic and volcaniclastic deposits of the
floodplain where terrestrial fossil mammal remains occur
(FA11).The transition of the MLF-SCF at RDB reflects a
changing depositional environment from the outer part of an
estuary (FA1) through the central (FA2-6) to inner part of a
tide-dominated estuary (FA7). Finally a fluvial system
occurs with single channels of relatively low energy and low
sinuosity enclosed by a broad, low-energy floodplain
dominated by partially edaphized ash-fall, sheet-flood, and
overbank deposits (FA8-11). Pyroclastic and volcaniclastic
materials throughout the succession must have been deposited
as ash-fall distal facies in a fluvial setting and also were
carried by fluvial streams and redeposited in both estuarine
and fluvial settings. These materials preserve most of the
analyzed terrestrial fossil mammals that characterize the
Santacrucian age of the RDB's succession. Episodic
sedimentation under volcanic influence, high sedimentation
rates and a relatively warm and seasonal climate are
inferred for the MLF and SCF section.Lateral continuity of
the marker horizons at RDB serve for correlation with other
coastal localities such as the lower part of the coastal SCF
south of Río Coyle (~17.6-17.4Ma) belonging to the Estancia
La Costa Member of the SCF.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jsames.2015.03.001},
Key = {fds240468}
}
@misc{fds240464,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Winchester, J and Kay, RF},
Title = {Erratum: The effect of differences in methodology among some
recent applications of shearing quotients (American Journal
of Physical Anthropology (2015) 156 (166-178))},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {157},
Number = {1},
Pages = {178},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2015},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22746},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22746},
Key = {fds240464}
}
@misc{fds240470,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Anthropology. New World monkey origins.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {347},
Number = {6226},
Pages = {1068-1069},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10780 Duke open
access},
Doi = {10.1126/science.aaa9217},
Key = {fds240470}
}
@article{fds240466,
Author = {Spradley, JP and Williams, BA and Kay, RF},
Title = {Environmental Variables Affecting Primate Species Richness
in the Neotropics},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {156},
Pages = {294-294},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000350594902095&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240466}
}
@article{fds240467,
Author = {Gonzales, LA and Malinzak, MD and Kay, RF},
Title = {Intraspecific Semicircular Canal Variance-A Missing Element
in Adaptive Scenarios?},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {156},
Pages = {149-150},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000350594901095&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240467}
}
@misc{fds240469,
Author = {Allen, KL and Cooke, SB and Gonzales, LA and Kay,
RF},
Title = {Dietary inference from upper and lower molar morphology in
platyrrhine primates.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {10},
Number = {3},
Pages = {e0118732},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10781 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {The correlation between diet and dental topography is of
importance to paleontologists seeking to diagnose ecological
adaptations in extinct taxa. Although the subject is well
represented in the literature, few studies directly compare
methods or evaluate dietary signals conveyed by both upper
and lower molars. Here, we address this gap in our knowledge
by comparing the efficacy of three measures of functional
morphology for classifying an ecologically diverse sample of
thirteen medium- to large-bodied platyrrhines by diet
category (e.g., folivore, frugivore, hard object feeder). We
used Shearing Quotient (SQ), an index derived from linear
measurements of molar cutting edges and two indices of crown
surface topography, Occlusal Relief (OR) and Relief Index
(RFI). Using SQ, OR, and RFI, individuals were then
classified by dietary category using Discriminate Function
Analysis. Both upper and lower molar variables produce high
classification rates in assigning individuals to diet
categories, but lower molars are consistently more
successful. SQs yield the highest classification rates. RFI
and OR generally perform above chance. Upper molar RFI has a
success rate below the level of chance. Adding molar length
enhances the discriminatory power for all variables. We
conclude that upper molar SQs are useful for dietary
reconstruction, especially when combined with body size
information. Additionally, we find that among our sample of
platyrrhines, SQ remains the strongest predictor of diet,
while RFI is less useful at signaling dietary differences in
absence of body size information. The study demonstrates new
ways for inferring the diets of extinct platyrrhine primates
when both upper and lower molars are available, or, for taxa
known only from upper molars. The techniques are useful in
reconstructing diet in stem representatives of anthropoid
clade, who share key aspects of molar morphology with extant
platyrrhines.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0118732},
Key = {fds240469}
}
@misc{fds240624,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Winchester, J and Kay, RF},
Title = {The effect of differences in methodology among some recent
applications of shearing quotients.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {156},
Number = {1},
Pages = {166-178},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9221 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {A shearing quotient (SQ) is a way of quantitatively
representing the Phase I shearing edges on a molar tooth.
Ordinary or phylogenetic least squares regression is fit to
data on log molar length (independent variable) and log sum
of measured shearing crests (dependent variable). The
derived linear equation is used to generate an 'expected'
shearing crest length from molar length of included
individuals or taxa. Following conversion of all variables
to real space, the expected value is subtracted from the
observed value for each individual or taxon. The result is
then divided by the expected value and multiplied by 100.
SQs have long been the metric of choice for assessing
dietary adaptations in fossil primates. Not all studies
using SQ have used the same tooth position or crests, nor
have all computed regression equations using the same
approach. Here we focus on re-analyzing the data of one
recent study to investigate the magnitude of effects of
variation in 1) shearing crest inclusion, and 2) details of
the regression setup. We assess the significance of these
effects by the degree to which they improve or degrade the
association between computed SQs and diet categories. Though
altering regression parameters for SQ calculation has a
visible effect on plots, numerous iterations of statistical
analyses vary surprisingly little in the success of the
resulting variables for assigning taxa to dietary
preference. This is promising for the comparability of
patterns (if not casewise values) in SQ between studies. We
suggest that differences in apparent dietary fidelity of
recent studies are attributable principally to tooth
position examined.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22619},
Key = {fds240624}
}
@misc{fds240630,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Biogeography in deep time - What do phylogenetics, geology,
and paleoclimate tell us about early platyrrhine
evolution?},
Journal = {Mol Phylogenet Evol},
Volume = {82 Pt B},
Number = {PB},
Pages = {358-374},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24333920},
Abstract = {Molecular data have converged on a consensus about the
genus-level phylogeny of extant platyrrhine monkeys, but for
most extinct taxa and certainly for those older than the
Pleistocene we must rely upon morphological evidence from
fossils. This raises the question as to how well anatomical
data mirror molecular phylogenies and how best to deal with
discrepancies between the molecular and morphological data
as we seek to extend our phylogenies to the placement of
fossil taxa. Here I present parsimony-based phylogenetic
analyses of extant and fossil platyrrhines based on an
anatomical dataset of 399 dental characters and osteological
features of the cranium and postcranium. I sample 16 extant
taxa (one from each platyrrhine genus) and 20 extinct taxa
of platyrrhines. The tree structure is constrained with a
"molecular scaffold" of extant species as implemented in
maximum parsimony using PAUP with the molecular-based
'backbone' approach. The data set encompasses most of the
known extinct species of platyrrhines, ranging in age from
latest Oligocene (∼26 Ma) to the Recent. The tree is
rooted with extant catarrhines, and Late Eocene and Early
Oligocene African anthropoids. Among the more interesting
patterns to emerge are: (1) known early platyrrhines from
the Late Oligocene through Early Miocene (26-16.5Ma)
represent only stem platyrrhine taxa; (2) representatives of
the three living platyrrhine families first occur between
15.7 Ma and 13.5 Ma; and (3) recently extinct primates from
the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola) are sister
to the clade of extant platyrrhines and may have diverged in
the Early Miocene. It is probable that the crown platyrrhine
clade did not originate before about 20-24 Ma, a conclusion
consistent with the phylogenetic analysis of fossil taxa
presented here and with recent molecular clock estimates.
The following biogeographic scenario is consistent with the
phylogenetic findings and climatic and geologic evidence:
Tropical South America has been a center for platyrrhine
diversification since platyrrhines arrived on the continent
in the middle Cenozoic. Platyrrhines dispersed from tropical
South America to Patagonia at ∼25-24 Ma via a "Paraná
Portal" through eastern South America across a retreating
Paranense Sea. Phylogenetic bracketing suggests Antillean
primates arrived via a sweepstakes route or island chain
from northern South America in the Early Miocene, not via a
proposed land bridge or island chain (GAARlandia) in the
Early Oligocene (∼34 Ma). Patagonian and Antillean
platyrrhines went extinct without leaving living
descendants, the former at the end of the Early Miocene and
the latter within the past six thousand years. Molecular
evidence suggests crown platyrrhines arrived in Central
America by crossing an intermittent connection through the
Isthmus of Panama at or after 3.5Ma. Any more ancient
Central American primates, should they be discovered, are
unlikely to have given rise to the extant Central American
taxa in situ.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2013.12.002},
Key = {fds240630}
}
@misc{fds227185,
Author = {Cuitiño JI and Fernicola JC and Kohn M and Naipauer M and Bargo MS and Kay
RF and Vizcaíno SF.},
Title = {U-Pb geochronology of the Santa Cruz Formation at the Santa
Cruz and Bote rivers (southernmost Patagonia, Argentina) and
its implications for the fossil vertebrate
communities.},
Journal = {South American Journal of Earth Sciences},
Year = {2015},
Key = {fds227185}
}
@misc{fds227187,
Author = {Fulwood E and Boyer D and Kay RF},
Title = {Ontogenetic and Evolutionary Aspects of Pterion Contact in
Platyrrhines},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Year = {2015},
Key = {fds227187}
}
@misc{fds227188,
Author = {R.F. Kay},
Title = {Science Perspectives: New World Monkey Origins},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {347},
Pages = {1067-1068},
Year = {2015},
Key = {fds227188}
}
@misc{fds240625,
Author = {Perry, JMG and Kay, RF and Vizcaíno, SF and Bargo,
MS},
Title = {Oldest known cranium of a juvenile New World monkey (Early
Miocene, Patagonia, Argentina): implications for the
taxonomy and the molar eruption pattern of early
platyrrhines.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {74},
Pages = {67-81},
Year = {2014},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10782 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {A juvenile cranium of Homunculus patagonicus Ameghino, 1891a
from the late Early Miocene of Santa Cruz Province
(Argentina) provides the first evidence of developing
cranial anatomy for any fossil platyrrhine. The specimen
preserves the rostral part of the cranium with deciduous and
permanent alveoli and teeth. The dental eruption sequence in
the new specimen and a reassessment of eruption patterns in
living and fossil platyrrhines suggest that the ancestral
platyrrhine pattern of tooth replacement was for the
permanent incisors to erupt before M(1), not an accelerated
molar eruption (before the incisors) as recently proposed.
Two genera and species of Santacrucian monkeys are now
generally recognized: H. patagonicus Ameghino, 1891a and
Killikaike blakei Tejedor et al., 2006. Taxonomic
allocation of Santacrucian monkeys to these species
encounters two obstacles: 1) the (now lost) holotype and a
recently proposed neotype of H. patagonicus are mandibles
from different localities and different geologic members of
the Santa Cruz Formation, separated by approximately 0.7
million years, whereas the holotype of K. blakei is a
rostral part of a cranium without a mandible; 2) no
Santacrucian monkey with associated cranium and mandible has
ever been found. Bearing in mind these uncertainties, our
examination of the new specimen as well as other cranial
specimens of Santacrucian monkeys establishes the overall
dental and cranial similarity between the holotype of
Killikaike blakei, adult cranial material previously
referred to H. patagonicus, and the new juvenile specimen.
This leads us to conclude that Killikaike blakei is a junior
subjective synonym of H. patagonicus.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.03.009},
Key = {fds240625}
}
@misc{fds223675,
Author = {Boyer DM and Winchester JM and Kay RF},
Title = {The effect of differences in methodology among some recent
applications of shearing quotients},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {156},
Pages = {166-178},
Year = {2014},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds223675}
}
@misc{fds333699,
Author = {Forasiepi, AM and Sánchez-Villagra, MR and Schmelzle, T and Ladevèze, S and Kay, RF},
Title = {An exceptionally well-preserved skeleton of Palaeothentes
from the Early Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina: new insights
into the anatomy of extinct paucituberculatan
marsupials},
Journal = {Swiss Journal of Palaeontology},
Volume = {133},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-21},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2014},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13358-014-0063-9},
Abstract = {During the Cenozoic paucituberculatans were much more
diverse taxonomically and ecomorphologically than the three
extant genera of shrew-like marsupials. Among
paucituberculatans, palaeothentids were abundant during the
Early Miocene, although most of the fossil remains consist
of isolated teeth or fragmentary jaws. We describe a new and
exceptional partial skeleton of Palaeothentes lemoinei
(Palaeothentidae), collected from the Santa Cruz Formation
(Santacrucian age, Early Miocene) in Patagonia. Whereas the
skull of P. lemoinei has more plesiomorphic traits in the
face, palate, and cranial vault than that of living
paucituberculatans, the dental morphology is more derived.
The osseous inner ear was examined using micro-CT scanning,
revealing a cochlea with 1.9 turns, the presence of a
“second crus commune”, an anterior semicircular canal
(SC) projecting slightly dorsally from the dorsal-most point
of the posterior SC, and lateral and posterior SCs
projecting laterally to the same level. On the basis of
postcranial anatomy, previous studies have demonstrated that
P. lemoinei was an agile cursorial form, an inference
supported by study of the new postcranial
elements.},
Doi = {10.1007/s13358-014-0063-9},
Key = {fds333699}
}
@article{fds240629,
Author = {Spradley, JP and Glander, KE and Kay, RF},
Title = {Environmental stress and molar wear in three populations of
mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {153},
Pages = {244-244},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000331225100802&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240629}
}
@misc{fds240628,
Author = {Fernicola, JC and Cuitiño, JI and Vizcaíno, SF and Bargo, MS and Kay,
RF},
Title = {Fossil localities of the Santa Cruz Formation (Early
Miocene, Patagonia, Argentina) prospected by Carlos Ameghino
in 1887 revisited and the location of the
Notohippidian},
Journal = {Journal of South American Earth Sciences},
Volume = {52},
Pages = {94-107},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0895-9811},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10784 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Between January and September of 1887 Carlos Ameghino
carried out his first geologic and paleontological
expedition to the Río Santa Cruz, Patagonia. Based on the
fossils and geologic information compiled, in 1887 and 1889,
Florentino Ameghino named more than 120 new species of
extinct mammals and his Formación Santacruceña and Piso
Santacruceño (Santacrucian stage). Data published by both
brothers state that the specimens were collected in outcrops
by the Río Santa Cruz, between 90 and 200km west of its
mouth. However, information in the posthumously published
letters and Travel Diary of C. Ameghino allows us to
recognize a fourth locality, Río Bote, at about 50km
further southwest. In 1900, 1902, F. Ameghino divided the
Piso Santacruceño in a younger étage Santacruzienne and
older étage Notohippidéen, restricting the geographical
distribution of the latter to Kar Aiken locality, northeast
of Lago Argentino. However, 15 of the 54 species that F.
Ameghino listed as exclusively Notohippidian stage already
had been named on specimens collected South to the Río
Santa Cruz in 1887, two year prior to C. Ameghino's first
visit to Kar Aiken. Based on historical information and
several expeditions to the Río Santa Cruz and its environs,
in this contribution we establish the geographical locations
of the 1887 localities, formalize their names, evaluate the
stratigraphic position of the fossil-bearing levels, and
analyze the geographic extension of the Notohippidian,
inferring that Río Bote is where C. Ameghino first
collected species that came to define the Notohippidian. ©
2014 Elsevier Ltd.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jsames.2014.02.002},
Key = {fds240628}
}
@article{fds240616,
Author = {Winchester, JM and Boyer, DM and St Clair and EM and Gosselin-Ildari,
AD and Cooke, SB and Ledogar, JA},
Title = {Dental topography of platyrrhines and prosimians:
convergence and contrasts.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {153},
Number = {1},
Pages = {29-44},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22398},
Abstract = {Dental topographic analysis is the quantitative assessment
of shape of three-dimensional models of tooth crowns and
component features. Molar topographic curvature, relief, and
complexity correlate with aspects of feeding behavior in
certain living primates, and have been employed to
investigate dietary ecology in extant and extinct primate
species. This study investigates whether dental topography
correlates with diet among a diverse sample of living
platyrrhines, and compares platyrrhine topography with that
of prosimians. We sampled 111 lower second molars of 11
platyrrhine genera and 121 of 20 prosimian genera. For each
tooth we calculated Dirichlet normal energy (DNE), relief
index (RFI), and orientation patch count (OPCR), quantifying
surface curvature, relief, and complexity respectively.
Shearing ratios and quotients were also measured.
Statistical analyses partitioned effects of diet and taxon
on topography in platyrrhines alone and relative to
prosimians. Discriminant function analyses assessed
predictive diet models. Results indicate that platyrrhine
dental topography correlates to dietary preference, and
platyrrhine-only predictive models yield high rates of
accuracy. The same is true for prosimians. Topographic
variance is broadly similar among platyrrhines and
prosimians. One exception is that platyrrhines display
higher average relief and lower relief variance, possibly
related to lower relative molar size and functional links
between relief and tooth longevity distinct from curvature
or complexity. Explicitly incorporating phylogenetic
distance matrices into statistical analyses of the combined
platyrrhine-prosimian sample results in loss of significance
of dietary effects for OPCR and SQ, while greatly increasing
dietary significance of RFI.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22398},
Key = {fds240616}
}
@misc{fds219092,
Author = {Forasiepi, A. M. Sánchez-Vilagra and M. Schmelzle and T. Kay and R
.F.},
Title = {An exceptionally preserved skeleton of Palaeothentes from
the Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina: new insights on the
anatomy of extinct paucituberculatan marsupials},
Journal = {Swiss Journal of Paleontology},
Volume = {133},
Pages = {1-21},
Year = {2014},
Key = {fds219092}
}
@article{fds227191,
Author = {Cuitiño JI and Fernicola JC and Vizcaíno SF and Bargo MS and Kay
RF.},
Title = {Variaciones proximales-distales (O-E) en la Formación Santa
Cruz, Mioceno de la Cuenca Austral. XIV Reunión Argentina
de Sedimentología, Puerto Madryn Abstracts
Volume:89-90.},
Journal = {XIV Reunión Argentina de Sedimentología, Puerto
Madryn},
Volume = {abstracts volume},
Pages = {89-90},
Year = {2014},
Key = {fds227191}
}
@misc{fds240617,
Author = {Patnaik, R and Milankumar Sharma and K and Mohan, L and Williams, BA and Kay, RF and Chatrath, P},
Title = {Additional Vertebrate Remains from the Early Miocene of
Kutch, Gujarat},
Journal = {Special Publication of the Paleontological Society of
India},
Volume = {5},
Pages = {335-351},
Year = {2014},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10783 Duke open
access},
Key = {fds240617}
}
@misc{fds332825,
Author = {Fernicola, JC and Cuitiño, JI and Vizcaíno, SF and Bargo, MS and Kay,
RF},
Title = {Fossil Localities Of The Santa Cruz Formation (Lower
Miocene, Patagonia, Argentina) Prospected By Carlos Ameghino
In 1887. The Problem Of The Notohippidian
Stage},
Journal = {South American Journal of Earth Sciences},
Volume = {52},
Pages = {94-107},
Year = {2014},
Key = {fds332825}
}
@article{fds240634,
Author = {Ludeman, EM and Kirk, EC and Gosselin-Ildari, AD and Blaylock, A and Kay, RF and Godinot, M},
Title = {Cochlear labyrinth volume and predicted hearing abilities in
Adapis, Necrolemur, Homunculus, and Tremacebus.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {150},
Pages = {183-184},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000318043202009&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240634}
}
@article{fds240668,
Author = {Gonzales, LA and Malinzak, MD and Kay, RF},
Title = {Semicircular canal morphology as a predictor of platyrrhine
locomotor behavior.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {150},
Pages = {133-133},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000318043201296&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240668}
}
@misc{fds219093,
Author = {Kay, R.F. Meldrum and DJ Takai and M.},
Title = {Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Titis, Sakis and
Uacaris.},
Pages = {3-12},
Booktitle = {Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Titis, Sakis and
Uacaris},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Veiga, L Barnett and AA Ferrari and SF Norconk and MA},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds219093}
}
@misc{fds240615,
Author = {Kay, RF and Meldrum, DJ and Takai, M},
Title = {Pitheciidae and other platyrrhine seed predators},
Pages = {3-12},
Booktitle = {Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Titis, Sakis and
Uacaris.},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Address = {Cambridge, UK},
Editor = {Veiga, L and Barnett, AA and Ferrari, SF and Norconk,
MA},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds240615}
}
@article{fds240614,
Author = {Fernicola, JC and Vizcaíno, SF and Bargo, MS and Kay, RF and Cuitiño,
JI and Toledo, N and Muñoz, NA and Krapovikas, V and Chornogubsky, L and Hernandez del Piño and S and Gonzales, L},
Title = {Localidades fosilíferas de la Formación Santa Cruz
(Mioceno Inferior) en el margen meridional del valle del
río Santa Cruz, provincia de Santa Cruz,
Argentina},
Journal = {X Congreso Argentino de Paleontología y Bioestratigrafía y
VII Congreso Latinoamericano de Paleontología},
Volume = {Actas},
Pages = {164},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds240614}
}
@misc{fds240684,
Author = {Malinzak, MD and Kay, RF and Hullar, TE},
Title = {Locomotor head movements and semicircular canal morphology
in primates.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {109},
Number = {44},
Pages = {17914-17919},
Year = {2012},
Month = {October},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23045679},
Abstract = {Animal locomotion causes head rotations, which are detected
by the semicircular canals of the inner ear. Morphologic
features of the canals influence rotational sensitivity, and
so it is hypothesized that locomotion and canal morphology
are functionally related. Most prior research has compared
subjective assessments of animal "agility" with a single
determinant of rotational sensitivity: the mean canal radius
of curvature (R). In fact, the paired variables of R and
body mass are correlated with agility and have been used to
infer locomotion in extinct species. To refine models of
canal functional morphology and to improve locomotor
inferences for extinct species, we compare 3D vector
measurements of head rotation during locomotion with 3D
vector measures of canal sensitivity. Contrary to the
predictions of conventional models that are based upon R, we
find that axes of rapid head rotation are not aligned with
axes of either high or low sensitivity. Instead, animals
with fast head rotations have similar sensitivities in all
directions, which they achieve by orienting the three canals
of each ear orthogonally (i.e., along planes at 90° angles
to one another). The extent to which the canal configuration
approaches orthogonality is correlated with rotational head
speed independent of body mass and phylogeny, whereas R is
not.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1206139109},
Key = {fds240684}
}
@misc{fds240707,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Evidence for an Asian origin of stem anthropoids.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {109},
Number = {26},
Pages = {10132-10133},
Year = {2012},
Month = {June},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22699505},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1207933109},
Key = {fds240707}
}
@misc{fds240708,
Author = {Wilson, LAB and Madden, RH and Kay, RF and Sánchez-Villagra,
MR},
Title = {Testing a developmental model in the fossil record: Molar
proportions in South American ungulates},
Journal = {Paleobiology},
Volume = {38},
Number = {2},
Pages = {308-321},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {2012},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0094-8373},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10792 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {A developmental model, based upon murine rodents, has been
proposed by Kavanagh et al. (2007) to explain lower molar
proportions in mammals. We produce a clade-wide
macroevolutionary test of the model using the dental
evolutionary trends in a unique radiation of extinct mammals
endemic to South America ("Meridiungulata") that comprise a
diverse array of molar morphologies. All of the South
American ungulate groups examined follow the inhibitory
cascade model with the exception of two groups:
Interatheriidae (Notoungulata) and Astrapotheria. For most
taxa studied, ratios between lower molar areas are greater
than 1.0, indicating a weak inhibition by m1 on the
subsequent molars in the tooth row, and a trend to greater
absolute size of the posterior molars. Comparisons of mean
ratios between clades indicate that a significant
phylogenetic signal can be detected, particularly between
the two groups within Notoungulata Typotheria and
Toxodontia. Body mass estimates were found to be
significantly correlated with both m3/m1 and m2/m1 ratios,
suggesting that the larger body size achieved the weaker
inhibition between the lower molars. Molar ratio patterns
are examined and discussed in relation to the independent
and numerous acquisitions of hypsodonty that are
characteristic of dental evolution in "Meridiungulata. ©
2012 The Paleontological Society. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1666/11001.1},
Key = {fds240708}
}
@misc{fds240709,
Author = {Allen, KL and Kay, RF},
Title = {Dietary quality and encephalization in platyrrhine
primates.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {279},
Number = {1729},
Pages = {715-721},
Year = {2012},
Month = {February},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21831898},
Abstract = {The high energetic costs of building and maintaining large
brains are thought to constrain encephalization. The
'expensive-tissue hypothesis' (ETH) proposes that primates
(especially humans) overcame this constraint through
reduction of another metabolically expensive tissue, the
gastrointestinal tract. Small guts characterize animals
specializing on easily digestible diets. Thus, the
hypothesis may be tested via the relationship between brain
size and diet quality. Platyrrhine primates present an
interesting test case, as they are more variably
encephalized than other extant primate clades (excluding
Hominoidea). We find a high degree of phylogenetic signal in
the data for diet quality, endocranial volume and body size.
Controlling for phylogenetic effects, we find no significant
correlation between relative diet quality and relative
endocranial volume. Thus, diet quality fails to account for
differences in platyrrhine encephalization. One taxon, in
particular, Brachyteles, violates predictions made by ETH in
having a large brain and low-quality diet. Dietary
reconstructions of stem platyrrhines further indicate that a
relatively high-quality diet was probably in place prior to
increases in encephalization. Therefore, it is unlikely that
a shift in diet quality was a primary constraint release for
encephalization in platyrrhines and, by extrapolation,
humans.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2011.1311},
Key = {fds240709}
}
@article{fds240632,
Author = {Cooke, SB and Kay, RF},
Title = {Dental morphology and dietary adaptation in Homunculus
patagonicus.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {147},
Pages = {119-120},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000300498700176&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240632}
}
@article{fds240640,
Author = {Hunt, KD and Kay, RF},
Title = {ORIGIN OF THE GREATER ANTILLEAN PRIMATE FAUNA},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY},
Volume = {32},
Number = {6},
Pages = {114-114},
Publisher = {TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0272-4634},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000313496400270&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240640}
}
@article{fds240648,
Author = {Kay, RF and Vizcaino, SF and Bargo, MS},
Title = {THE PALEOENVIRONMENT AND PALEOECOLOGY OF THE COASTAL MIOCENE
SANTA CRUZ FORMATION (LATE EARLY MIOCENE,
ARGENTINA)},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY},
Volume = {32},
Number = {6},
Pages = {119-119},
Publisher = {TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0272-4634},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000313496400294&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240648}
}
@article{fds240654,
Author = {Allen, KL and Kay, RF},
Title = {ENDOCAST SHAPE AND BRAIN PROPORTIONS IN PRIMATES},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY},
Volume = {32},
Number = {6},
Pages = {55-55},
Publisher = {TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0272-4634},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000313496400009&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240654}
}
@article{fds240677,
Author = {Allen, KL and Kay, RF and Hunt, KD and Beeker, CD and Conrad, GW and Keller, J},
Title = {Brain size and endocranial morphology of Antillothrix
(Holocene, Dominican Republic, Hispaniola)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {147},
Pages = {82-82},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000300498700013&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240677}
}
@book{fds240618,
Author = {Vizcaíno, SF and Kay, RF and Bargo, MS},
Title = {Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia: High-latitude
paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation},
Pages = {370},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds240618}
}
@misc{fds240706,
Author = {Malinzak, and Kay, MD and Hullar, RF and E, T},
Title = {Predicting locomotion from the primate semicircular canal
system},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy (USA)},
Volume = {109},
Pages = {17914-17919},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds240706}
}
@misc{fds240611,
Author = {Kay, RF and Perry, JMG and Malinzak, MD and Allen, KL and Kirk, EC and Plavcan, JM and Fleagle, JG},
Title = {The paleobiology of Santacrucian primates},
Pages = {306-330},
Booktitle = {Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia: High-latitude
paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Address = {Cambridge, UK},
Editor = {Vizcaíno, SF and Kay, RF and Bargo, MS},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds240611}
}
@misc{fds240612,
Author = {Kay, RF and Vizcaíno, SF and Bargo, MS},
Title = {A review of the paleoenvironment and paleoecology of the
Miocene Santa Cruz Formation},
Pages = {331-364},
Booktitle = {Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia: High-Latitude
Paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Address = {Cambridge, UK},
Editor = {Vizcaíno, SF and Kay, RF and Bargo, MS},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds240612}
}
@misc{fds240613,
Author = {Vizcaíno, SF and Kay, RF and Bargo, MS},
Title = {Background for a paleoecological study of the Santa Cruz
Formation (late Early Miocene) on the Atlantic Coast of
Patagonia},
Pages = {1-22},
Booktitle = {Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia: High-latitude
paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Address = {Cambridge, UK},
Editor = {Vizcaíno, SF and Kay, RF and Bargo, MS},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds240613}
}
@misc{fds240609,
Author = {Allen, K and Gonzales, L and Cooke, S and Kay, R},
Title = {EVALUATION OF UPPER MOLAR OCCLUSAL MORPHOLOGY FOR DIETARY
INFERENCE IN MID- TO LARGE-BODIED PLATYRRHINI
(PRIMATES)},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY},
Volume = {31},
Pages = {61-61},
Publisher = {SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0272-4634},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000208607700009&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240609}
}
@article{fds240639,
Author = {Malinzak, M and Kay, RF and Hullar, TE},
Title = {Semicircular canal orthogonality, not radius, best predicts
mean speed of locomotor head rotation: a new hypothesis with
implications for reconstructing behaviors in extinct
species.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {144},
Pages = {204-204},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000288034000518&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240639}
}
@misc{fds240610,
Author = {Kay, RF and Allen, KL and Gonzales, LA and Krueger, KL and Hunt,
KD},
Title = {Dietary reconstruction of Antillothrix bernensis, a Holocene
monkey from the Dominican Republic},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {31},
Pages = {135-135},
Publisher = {SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds240610}
}
@misc{fds240711,
Author = {Kay, RF and Hunt, KD and Beeker, CD and Conrad, GW and Johnson, CC and Keller, J},
Title = {Preliminary notes on a newly discovered skull of the extinct
Hispaniolian monkey Antillothrix from Hispaniola and the
origin of the Greater Antillean monkeys},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {60},
Number = {1},
Pages = {124-128},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10794 Duke open
access},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.09.003},
Key = {fds240711}
}
@misc{fds304462,
Author = {Williams, BA and Kay, RF and Kirk, EC and Ross, CF},
Title = {Darwinius masillae is a strepsirrhine--a reply to Franzen et
al. (2009).},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {59},
Number = {5},
Pages = {567-573},
Year = {2010},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.01.003},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.01.003},
Key = {fds304462}
}
@misc{fds240716,
Author = {Williams, BA and Kay, RF and Kirk, EC},
Title = {New perspectives on anthropoid origins.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {107},
Number = {11},
Pages = {4797-4804},
Year = {2010},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20212104},
Abstract = {Adaptive shifts associated with human origins are brought to
light as we examine the human fossil record and study our
own genome and that of our closest ape relatives. However,
the more ancient roots of many human characteristics are
revealed through the study of a broader array of living
anthropoids and the increasingly dense fossil record of the
earliest anthropoid radiations. Genomic data and fossils of
early primates in Asia and Africa clarify relationships
among the major clades of primates. Progress in comparative
anatomy, genomics, and molecular biology point to key
changes in sensory ecology and brain organization that
ultimately set the stage for the emergence of the human
lineage.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0908320107},
Key = {fds240716}
}
@misc{fds240712,
Author = {Vizcaíno, SF and Bargo, MS and Kay, RF and Fariña, RA and Di Giacomo,
M and Perry, JMG and Prevosti, FJ and Toledo, N and Cassini, GH and Fernicola, JC},
Title = {A baseline paleoecological study for the Santa Cruz
Formation (late-early Miocene) at the Atlantic Coast of
Patagonia, Argentina},
Journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
Volume = {292},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {507-519},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0031-0182},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.04.022},
Abstract = {Coastal exposures of the Santa Cruz Formation (late-early
Miocene, southern Patagonia, Argentina) between the Coyle
and Gallegos rivers have been a fertile ground for recovery
of Miocene vertebrates for more than 100 years. The
formation contains an exceptionally rich mammal fauna, which
documents a vertebrate assemblage very different from any
living community, even at the ordinal level. Intensive
fieldwork performed since 2003 (nearly 1200 specimens have
been collected, including marsupials, xenarthrans,
notoungulates, litopterns astrapotheres, rodents, and
primates) document this assertion. The goal of this study is
to attempt to reconstruct the trophic structure of the
Santacrucian mammalian community with precise stratigraphic
control. Particularly, we evaluate the depauperate
carnivoran paleoguild and identify new working hypotheses
about this community. A database has been built from about
390 specimens from two localities: Campo Barranca (CB) and
Puesto Estancia La Costa (PLC). All species have been
classified as herbivore or carnivore, their body masses
estimated, and the following parameters estimated:
population density, on-crop biomass, metabolic rates, and
the primary and secondary productivity. According to our
results, this model predicts an imbalance in both CB and PLC
faunas which can be seen by comparing the secondary
productivity of the ecosystem and the energetic requirements
of the carnivores in it. While in CB, the difference between
carnivores and herbivores is six-fold, in PLC this
difference is smaller, the secondary productivity is still
around three times that of the carnivore to herbivore ratio
seen today. If both localities are combined, the difference
rises to around four-fold in favour of secondary
productivity. Finally, several working hypotheses about the
Santacrucian mammalian community and the main lineages of
herbivores and carnivores are offered. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.04.022},
Key = {fds240712}
}
@misc{fds240714,
Author = {Perry, JMG and Kay, RF and Vizcaíno, SF and Bargo,
MS},
Title = {Tooth root size, chewing muscle leverage, and the biology of
Homunculus patagonicus (Primates) from the late early
Miocene of Patagonia},
Journal = {Ameghiniana},
Volume = {47},
Number = {3},
Pages = {355-371},
Publisher = {Asociacion Paleontologica Argentina},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-7014},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5710/AMGH.v47i3.9},
Abstract = {Inferences about the diet of Miocene platyrrhine monkeys
have relied upon the morphology of the molar teeth,
specifically the crests on the molars. Using a library of
Micro-CT images of a broad comparative sample of living
platyrrhines (callitrichines, cebines, pitheciids and
atelids), late early Miocene Homunculus, and the early
Miocene Tremacebus and Dolichocebus, we extend these
inferences by examining the surface areas of the tooth
roots, anchor points for the periodontal ligaments. From
muscle scars on the skull, we estimate the mechanical
leverage of the chewing muscles at bite points from the
canine to the last molar. Extant platyrrhines that gouge
bark to obtain exudates do not have especially large canine
roots or anterior premolar roots compared with their less
specialized close relatives. Extant platyrrhines that have
more folivorous diets have much larger molar roots than do
similar-sized more frugivorous species. Homunculus
patagonicus has large postcanine roots relative to body size
and poor masticatory leverage compared to the extant
platyrrhines in our sample. The large postcanine roots,
heavy tooth wear, and moderately-long shearing crests
suggests a diet of abrasive, resistant foods. However,
relatively poor jaw adductor leverage would have put the
masticatory apparatus of Homunculus at a mechanical
disadvantage for producing high bite forces compared to the
condition in extant platyrrhines. Tremacebus and
Dolichocebus, like Homunculus, have larger tooth root
surfaces than comparable-sized living platyrrhines. They
also resemble Homunculus in being more prognathic and having
posteriorly-located temporalis origins - all features of a
relatively poor leverage system. ©Asociación
Paleontológica Argentina.},
Doi = {10.5710/AMGH.v47i3.9},
Key = {fds240714}
}
@misc{fds240715,
Author = {Kay, RF and Fleagle, JG},
Title = {Stem taxa, homoplasy, long lineages, and the phylogenetic
position of Dolichocebus},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {59},
Number = {2},
Pages = {218-222},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.03.002},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.03.002},
Key = {fds240715}
}
@book{fds240606,
Author = {Madden, RH and Vucetich, G and Carlini, AA and Kay,
RF},
Title = {The Paleontology of Gran Barranca: Evolution and
Environmental Change through the Middle Cenozoic of
Patagonia},
Pages = {448},
Publisher = {University of Cambridge Press},
Address = {Cambridge, UK},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds240606}
}
@misc{fds240710,
Author = {Coleman, M and Kay, RF and Colbert, MW},
Title = {Auditory Morphology and Hearing Sensitivity in Fossil New
World Monkeys},
Journal = {Anatomical Record},
Volume = {293},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1711-1721},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {1932-8486},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.21199},
Abstract = {In recent years it has become possible to investigate the
hearing capabilities in fossils by analogy with studies in
living taxa that correlate the bony morphology of the
auditory system with hearing sensitivity. In this analysis,
we used a jack-knife procedure to test the accuracy of one
such study that examined the functional morphology of the
primate auditory system and we found that low-frequency
hearing (sound pressure level at 250 Hz) can be predicted
with relatively high confidence (±3-8 dB depending on the
structure). Based on these functional relationships, we then
used high-resolution computed tomography to examine the
auditory region of three fossil New World monkeys
(Homunculus, Dolicocebus, and Tremacebus) and compared their
morphology and predicted low-frequency sensitivity with a
phylogenetically diverse sample of extant primates. These
comparisons reveal that these extinct taxa shared many
auditory characteristics with living platyrrhines. However,
the fossil with the best preserved auditory region
(Homunculus) also displayed a few unique features such as
the relative size of the tympanic membrane and stapedial
footplate and the degree of trabeculation of the anterior
accessory cavity. Still, the majority of evidence suggests
that these fossil species likely had similar low-frequency
sensitivity to extant South American monkeys. This research
adds to the small but growing body of evidence on the
evolution of hearing abilities in extinct taxa and lays the
groundwork for predicting hearing sensitivity in additional
fossil primate specimens.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.21199},
Key = {fds240710}
}
@misc{fds240781,
Author = {Williams, BA and Kay, RF and Kirk, EC and Ross, C},
Title = {Darwinius masillae is a European middle Eocene stem
strepsirrhine.},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {59},
Number = {5},
Pages = {567-573},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.01.003},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.01.003},
Key = {fds240781}
}
@misc{fds303346,
Author = {Williams, BA and Kay, RF and Kirk, EC and Ross, C},
Title = {Darwinius masillae is a European middle Eocene stem
strepsirrhine—a reply to Franzen et al.},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {59},
Pages = {567-573},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds303346}
}
@misc{fds240603,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {A New Primate from the Early Miocene of Gran Barranca,
Chubut Province, Argentina: Paleoecological
Implications},
Pages = {220-239},
Booktitle = {The Paleontology of Gran Barranca: Evolution and
Environmental Change through the Middle Cenozoic of
Patagonia},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Address = {Cambridge, UK},
Editor = {Madden, RH and Vucetich, G and Carlini, AA and Kay,
RF},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds240603}
}
@misc{fds240604,
Author = {Madden, RH and Carlini, AA and Vucetich, MG and Kay,
RF},
Title = {Preface to The Paleontology of Gran Barranca: Evolution and
Environmental Change through the Middle Cenozoic of
Patagonia},
Pages = {ix-x},
Booktitle = {The Paleontology of Gran Barranca: Evolution and
Environmental Change through the Middle Cenozoic of
Patagonia},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Address = {Cambridge, UK},
Editor = {Madden, RH and Carlini, AA and Vucetich, MG and Kay,
RF},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds240604}
}
@misc{fds240607,
Author = {Ré, GH and Bellosi, ES and Heizler, M and Vilas, JF and Madden, RH and Carlini, AA and Kay, RF and Vucetich, MG},
Title = {A geochronology for the Sarmiento Formation at Gran
Barranca},
Pages = {46-60},
Booktitle = {The Paleontology of Gran Barranca: Evolution and
Environmental Change through the Middle Cenozoic of
Patagonia},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Address = {Cambridge, UK},
Editor = {Madden, RH and Vucetich, G and Carlini, AA and Kay,
RF},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds240607}
}
@misc{fds240621,
Author = {Madden, RH and Carlini, AA and Vucetich, MG and Kay,
RF},
Title = {Gran Barranca: a twenty-three million year record of
Middle-Cenozoic faunal evolution in Patagonia},
Pages = {423-449},
Booktitle = {The Paleontology of Gran Barranca: Evolution and
Environmental Change through the Middle Cenozoic of
Patagonia},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Address = {Cambridge, UK},
Editor = {Madden, RH and Vucetich, G and Carlini, AA and Kay,
RF},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds240621}
}
@misc{fds303345,
Author = {Madden, RH and Carlini, AA and Vucetich, MG and Kay,
RF},
Title = {Gran Barranca: a twenty-three million year record of
Middle-Cenozoic faunal evolution in Patagonia},
Booktitle = {The Paleontology of Gran Barranca: Evolution and
Environmental Change through the Middle Cenozoic of
Patagonia},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Madden, RH and Vucetich, G and Carlini, AA and Kay,
RF},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds303345}
}
@misc{fds240713,
Author = {Bargo, MS and Vizcaíno, SF and Kay, RF},
Title = {Predominance of orthal masticatory movements in the early
Miocene Eucholaeops (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada,
Megalonychidae) and other megatherioid sloths},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {29},
Number = {3},
Pages = {870-880},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2009},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0272-4634},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1671/039.029.0324},
Abstract = {The megatherioid sloths from the Santa Cruz Formation
(Santacrucian Age; early-middle Miocene, Patagonia,
southernmost South America) occupy basal positions in the
most recent phylogenetic schemes. The cranial morphology of
Eucholaeops, particularly of the teeth, suggests interesting
functional features that shed light on the type of food it
was capable of processing, and thus on the diet. A detailed
morphofunctional analysis of the jaw apparatus was
performed, and the results briefly compared with other
contemporary megatherioid sloths. Comprehensive descriptions
of the teeth of Eucholaeops allow us to generate a
nomenclature for describing the inferred occlusal pattern
analogous to that applied to other mammals. Based on
examination and mapping of occlusal wear facets, we
reconstruct two distinct jaw movements during the power
stroke. One corresponds to the basic therian pattern
equivalent to Phase I: the working side mandibular corpus is
moved dorsally, mainly orthally but also anteriorly and
slightly medially; the result is puncturing, tearing and
shearing of food. The second is a distinct and unrelated
movement of the working side corpus dorsally, mainly
orthally, but also posteriorly and slightly medially; the
dominant result is to produce shearing of food. The analysis
of the tooth wear facets, combined with the shape of the
temporomandibular joint, the presence of a fused mandibular
symphysis, and a well-developed temporalis muscle, indicates
that the orthal component was predominant during
mastication. Eucholaeops, and probably nearly all other
Miocene megatherioids, were most likely leaf eaters and the
primary method of food reduction must have been by shearing
or cutting. © 2009 by the Society of Vertebrate
Paleontology.},
Doi = {10.1671/039.029.0324},
Key = {fds240713}
}
@misc{fds240637,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Much Hype and Many Errors The Link Uncovering Our
Earliest Ancestor by Colin Tudge, with Josh Young
Little, Brown, New York, 2009. 304 pp. $25.99, C$28.99.
ISBN 9780316070089.},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {325},
Number = {5944},
Pages = {1074-1075},
Publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science
(AAAS)},
Year = {2009},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000269382300021&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {<jats:p> This account of <jats:italic>Darwinius
masillae</jats:italic> , its discovery, and its importance
was rushed into print as part of the hype surrounding the
public announcement of the work. </jats:p>},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1177071},
Key = {fds240637}
}
@book{fds240704,
Author = {Simons, EL and Ankel-Simons, F and Chatrath, PS and Kay, RS and Williams, B and Fleagle, JG and Gebo, DL and Beard, CK and Dawson, M and Tattersall, I and Rose, KD},
Title = {Outrage at high price paid for a fossil.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {460},
Number = {7254},
Pages = {456},
Year = {2009},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/460456a},
Doi = {10.1038/460456a},
Key = {fds240704}
}
@misc{fds240681,
Author = {Malinzak, MD and Kay, RF},
Title = {Systematic characterization of locomotor head movements in
Lemur catta},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {Suppl. 48},
Pages = {182-182},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000263442701027&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240681}
}
@article{fds240663,
Author = {Kay, RF and Allen, KL},
Title = {Dietary quality and brain size in platyrrhines: support for
the "Expensive Tissue Hypothesis".},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {Suppl. 48},
Pages = {163-163},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000263442700418&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240663}
}
@misc{fds240601,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Much hype and many errors},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {21},
Pages = {1074-1075},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds240601}
}
@misc{fds240775,
Author = {Krueger, KL and Scott, JR and Kay, RF and Ungar, PS},
Title = {Technical note: Dental microwear textures of "Phase I" and
"Phase II" facets.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {137},
Number = {4},
Pages = {485-490},
Year = {2008},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20928},
Abstract = {The power stroke of mastication has been traditionally
divided into two parts, one which precedes centric
occlusion, and the other which follows it-"Phase I" and
"Phase II," respectively. Recent studies of primate
mastication have called into question the role of Phase II
in food processing, as they have found little muscle
activity or accompanying bone strain following centric
occlusion. That said, many researchers today look to Phase
II facets to relate diet to patterns of dental microwear.
This suggests the need to reevaluate microwear patterns on
Phase I facets. Here we use texture analysis to compare and
contrast microwear on facets representing both phases in
three primate species with differing diets (Alouatta
palliata, Cebus apella, and Lophocebus albigena). Results
reaffirm that microwear patterns on Phase II facets better
distinguish taxa with differing diets than do those on Phase
I facets. Further, differences in microwear textures between
facet types for a given taxon may themselves reflect diet.
Some possible explanations for differences in microwear
textures between facet types are proposed.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20928},
Key = {fds240775}
}
@misc{fds240774,
Author = {Bajpai, S and Kay, RF and Williams, BA and Das, DP and Kapur, VV and Tiwari, BN},
Title = {The oldest Asian record of Anthropoidea.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {105},
Number = {32},
Pages = {11093-11098},
Year = {2008},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0804159105},
Abstract = {Undisputed anthropoids appear in the fossil record of Africa
and Asia by the middle Eocene, about 45 Ma. Here, we report
the discovery of an early Eocene eosimiid anthropoid primate
from India, named Anthrasimias, that extends the Asian
fossil record of anthropoids by 9-10 million years. A
phylogenetic analysis of 75 taxa and 343 characters of the
skull, postcranium, and dentition of Anthrasimias and living
and fossil primates indicates the basal placement of
Anthrasimias among eosimiids, confirms the anthropoid status
of Eosimiidae, and suggests that crown haplorhines (tarsiers
and monkeys) are the sister clade of Omomyoidea of the
Eocene, not nested within an omomyoid clade. Co-occurence of
Anthropoidea, Omomyoidea, and Adapoidea makes it evident
that peninsular India was an important center for the
diversification of primates of modern aspect (euprimates) in
the early Eocene. Adaptive reconstructions indicate that
early anthropoids were mouse-lemur-sized ( approximately 75
grams) and consumed a mixed diet of fruit and insects.
Eosimiids bear little adaptive resemblance to later
Eocene-early Oligocene African Anthropoidea.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0804159105},
Key = {fds240774}
}
@misc{fds240784,
Author = {Kay, RF and Fleagle, JG and Mitchell, TRT and Colbert, M and Bown, T and Powers, DW},
Title = {The anatomy of Dolichocebus gaimanensis, a stem platyrrhine
monkey from Argentina.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {54},
Number = {3},
Pages = {323-382},
Year = {2008},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18001820},
Abstract = {Dolichocebus is known from the type skull encased in a
concretion, numerous isolated teeth, parts of two mandibles,
and a talus. The specimens come from the Trelew Member
(early Miocene, Colhuehuapian South American Land Mammal
Age) of the Sarmiento Formation near the village of Gaiman,
Chubut Province, Argentina, dated to about 20Ma. We describe
all Dolichocebus fossil material using conventional surface
anatomy and micro-CT data from the cranium. The new material
and newly imaged internal anatomy of the skull demonstrate
that anatomical characters hitherto supposed to support a
phyletic link between Dolichocebus and either callitrichines
(marmosets, tamarins, and Callimico) or Saimiri (squirrel
monkeys) are either indeterminate or absent. To more fully
explore the phyletic position of Dolichocebus, we undertook
a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis. We examined 268
characters of the cranium and dentition of 16 living
platyrrhine genera, some late Oligocene and early Miocene
platyrrhines, Tarsius, some Eocene and Oligocene stem
anthropoids, and several extant catarrhines. These analyses
consistently indicate that Dolichocebus is a stem
platyrrhine, as are late Oligocene Branisella and early
Miocene Tremacebus, Soriacebus, and Carlocebus. Platyrrhine
evolution often is conceived of as a single ancient adaptive
radiation. Review of all available phyolgenetic data
suggests a more layered evolutionary pattern, with several
independent extinct clades filling modern platyrrhine niche
space, and modern platyrrhine families and subfamilies
appearing over a nine-million-year interval in the Miocene.
The outcome of these analyses highlights the pervasiveness
of homoplasy in dental and cranial characters. Homoplasy is
a real evolutionary phenomenon that is present at all levels
of biological analysis, from amino-acid sequences to aspects
of adult bony morphology, behavior, and adaptation.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.09.002},
Key = {fds240784}
}
@misc{fds240786,
Author = {Kay, RF and Vizcaíno, SF and Bargo, MS and Perry, JMG and Prevosti, FJ and Fernicola, JC},
Title = {Two new fossil vertebrate localities in the Santa Cruz
Formation (late early - early middle Miocene, Argentina),
∼51° South latitude},
Journal = {Journal of South American Earth Sciences},
Volume = {25},
Number = {2},
Pages = {187-195},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2008},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0895-9811},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2007.07.003},
Abstract = {Two new fossil vertebrate localities are described from the
Santa Cruz Formation (late early - early middle Miocene) of
coastal Patagonia. They are noteworthy because they are the
lowest stratigraphically of any precisely recorded in
coastal Santa Cruz Province and they contain a rich fauna
including many partially articulated skeletons undisturbed
by collecting. Thus, they offer the potential for taphonomic
analysis and paleocommunity reconstruction. The latter is
particularly intriguing because the fauna document the
Miocene Climatic Optimum at >51° South latitude. Together
with several previously documented sites in this region, it
offers a potential window into the nature of mammalian
communities farther south than any other in the world during
this time and documents the farthest south distribution of
primates. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jsames.2007.07.003},
Key = {fds240786}
}
@article{fds240651,
Author = {Krueger, KL and Scott, JR and Ungar, PS and Kay, RF},
Title = {Comparisons of dental microwear texture attributes between
facets in three primate taxa},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {Suppl. 46},
Pages = {135-135},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000253342000342&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240651}
}
@article{fds240658,
Author = {Malinzak, M and Kay, RF and Sims, EL and Queen, R},
Title = {Characterization of primate head accelerations during
locomotion: A novel application of 3D motion analysis with
comparative implications.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {Suppl. 46},
Pages = {147-148},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000253342000400&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240658}
}
@misc{fds240599,
Author = {Teaford, M and Ungar, P and Kay, RF},
Title = {Molar shape and molar microwear in the Koobi Fora monkeys:
ecomorphological implications},
Pages = {337-358},
Booktitle = {Koobi Fora Research Project, Volume VI, The Fossil
Monkeys},
Publisher = {California Academy of Sciences},
Editor = {Jablonski, N and Leakey, MG},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds240599}
}
@article{fds240597,
Author = {Kay, RF and Kirk, EC},
Title = {New data on encephalization in Miocene New World monkeys:
implications for anthropoid brain evolution},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {28},
Pages = {151A},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds240597}
}
@article{fds240598,
Author = {Perry, JMG and Kay, RF and Vizcaino, SF and Bargo,
MS},
Title = {First Cranial Material of a Juvenile Monkey from the
Tertiary of South America: Cranial Anatomy and Dental
Eruption Sequence},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {28},
Pages = {127A},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds240598}
}
@article{fds240600,
Author = {Teaford, MF and Grine, FE and Kay, RF and Schubert, BW and Ungar,
PS},
Title = {Low magnification dental microwear: The problem of
postmortem artifacts},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {28},
Pages = {151A},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds240600}
}
@article{fds240676,
Author = {Kay, RF and Simons, E and Ross, JL},
Title = {The Basicranial Anatomy of African Eocene/Oligocene
Anthropoids. Are There Any Clues for Platyrrhine
Origins?},
Pages = {125-158},
Booktitle = {Elwyn Simons: A Search for Origins},
Publisher = {Springer New York},
Editor = {Fleage J.G. and Gilbert, C. C.},
Year = {2008},
ISBN = {9780387738956},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000252427500011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-73896-3_11},
Key = {fds240676}
}
@misc{fds240785,
Author = {Goin, FJ and Sánchez-Villagra, MR and Abello, A and Kay,
RF},
Title = {A new generalized paucituberculatan marsupial from the
oligocene of Bolivia and the origin of 'shrew-like'
opossums},
Journal = {Palaeontology},
Volume = {50},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1267-1276},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2007},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0031-0239},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00706.x},
Abstract = {Insights into the origin of 'shrew-like' oposssums of South
America are gained thanks to a new fossil from the Oligocene
Salla Beds in Bolivia. The specimen described here consists
of a partial rostrum, palate and postcanine teeth, and shows
several generalized features (cranial and dental) in the
context of the Paucituberculata. On this basis we recognize
Evolestes hadrommatos gen. et sp. nov. In order to evaluate
the affinities of the new taxon, we performed a phylogenetic
analysis including representatives of the Caenolestidae,
Pichipilus and allies (not regarded here as caenolestids),
Palaeothentidae, and Abderitidae, with three outgroups.
Evolestes is the basalmost 'caenolestoid', and provides
clues to the morphological changes involved in the origin of
caenolestids. © 2007 The Palaeontological
Association.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00706.x},
Key = {fds240785}
}
@misc{fds304461,
Author = {Goin, F and Abello, A and Bellosi, E and Kay, R and Madden, R and Carlini,
A},
Title = {South American metatherians from the begining of the neogene
(Early Miocene, Colhuehuapan Land-mammal Age). Part 1:
Introduction, didelphimorphia and sparassodonta},
Journal = {Ameghiniana},
Volume = {44},
Number = {1},
Pages = {29-71},
Year = {2007},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-7014},
Abstract = {This work is the first, of a series of three, taxonomic
reviews of the Early Miocene (Colhuehuapian Land-mammal Age)
South American metatherians. Colhuehuapian levels from the
Gran Barranca south of the Colhue Huapi lake (Sarmiento
Department, Chubut Province, Argentina) are the richest ones
in specimens of this age. Colhuehuapian landscapes from
Central Patagonia developed in a coastal plain located in a
peninsular area, which originally suffered an intense
erosion and subsequentely was agradded with fluvial and
loessic (eolian) sediments. Palinomorphs and phytoliths
suggest a period characterized by significant environmental
changes, from xeric (middle Early Miocene) to humid-warm
conditions (late Early Miocene). In uplands or areas far
from the sea, temperate-humid dosed forests prevailed, but
in lowlands or litoral areas herbaceous (grass) plants and
shrubs dominated, with subordinated or patchy arboreal
vegetation. Paleodimate would have been warm-temperate to
warm and probably subhumid, more rainy in highlands. The
most important results of this analysis are: (1) the oldest
record of Didelphoidea didelphimorphians, including,
probably, the oldest known caluromyid; (2) the recognition
of a great diversity of carnivores belonging to the Order
Sparassodonta, induding the oldest record of a
Thylacosmilidae; (3) the recognition of a new species of the
incertae sedis mammal Necrolestes. Among the taxa reviewed
here we describe the new species Necrolestes mirabilis. ©
Asociación Paleontoló gica Argentina.},
Key = {fds304461}
}
@misc{fds240594,
Author = {Bajpai, S and Thewissen, JGM and Kay, RF and Colbert, M and Kaspur,
V},
Title = {An overview of terrestrial mammals from Cambay shale, Vastan
lignite mine, Gujarat (western India), with new taxa and age
constraints},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {27, Suppl to Issue 3},
Number = {3},
Pages = {42A-43A},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds240594}
}
@misc{fds240595,
Author = {Coleman, M and Kay, RF},
Title = {Evaluaing hearing sensitivity in Homunculus
patagonicus},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {98},
Pages = {89},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds240595}
}
@misc{fds240596,
Author = {Vizcaíno, SF and Bargo, MS and Kay, RF and Fernicola, JC and Prevosti,
F and Toledo, JM and Perry, JGM and Madden, RH and Pomi,
LH},
Title = {Vertebrados de los niveles inferiores de la Formación Santa
Cruz (Mioceno inferior-medio, Argentina)},
Journal = {Ameghiniana},
Volume = {Resumenes, XXIII Jornadas Argentinas de},
Pages = {35},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds240596}
}
@misc{fds240782,
Author = {Goin, FJ and Abello, A and Bellosi, E and Kay, RF and Madden, RH and Carlini, AA},
Title = {Los Metatheria sudamericanos de comienzos del Neógeno
(Mioceno temprano, Edad-mamífero Colhuehuapense). Parte 1:
Introducción, Didelphimorphia y Sparassodonta},
Journal = {Ameghiniana},
Volume = {44},
Number = {1},
Pages = {29-71},
Year = {2007},
ISSN = {0002-7014},
Abstract = {This work is the first, of a series of three, taxonomic
reviews of the Early Miocene (Colhuehuapian Land-mammal Age)
South American metatherians. Colhuehuapian levels from the
Gran Barranca south of the Colhue Huapi lake (Sarmiento
Department, Chubut Province, Argentina) are the richest ones
in specimens of this age. Colhuehuapian landscapes from
Central Patagonia developed in a coastal plain located in a
peninsular area, which originally suffered an intense
erosion and subsequentely was agradded with fluvial and
loessic (eolian) sediments. Palinomorphs and phytoliths
suggest a period characterized by significant environmental
changes, from xeric (middle Early Miocene) to humid-warm
conditions (late Early Miocene). In uplands or areas far
from the sea, temperate-humid dosed forests prevailed, but
in lowlands or litoral areas herbaceous (grass) plants and
shrubs dominated, with subordinated or patchy arboreal
vegetation. Paleodimate would have been warm-temperate to
warm and probably subhumid, more rainy in highlands. The
most important results of this analysis are: (1) the oldest
record of Didelphoidea didelphimorphians, including,
probably, the oldest known caluromyid; (2) the recognition
of a great diversity of carnivores belonging to the Order
Sparassodonta, induding the oldest record of a
Thylacosmilidae; (3) the recognition of a new species of the
incertae sedis mammal Necrolestes. Among the taxa reviewed
here we describe the new species Necrolestes mirabilis. ©
Asociación Paleontoló gica Argentina.},
Key = {fds240782}
}
@misc{fds240702,
Author = {Forasiepi, AM and Sánchez-Villagra, MR and Goin, FJ and Takai, M and Shigehara, N and Kay, RF},
Title = {A new species of Hathliacynidae (Metatheria, Sparassodonta)
from the middle Miocene of Quebrada Honda,
Bolivia},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {26},
Number = {3},
Pages = {670-684},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2006},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0272-4634},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[670:ANSOHM]2.0.CO;2},
Abstract = {A new species of Hathliacynidae (Sparassodonta, Metatheria),
Acyon myctoderos, from the middle Miocene of Quebrada Honda,
Bolivia, is described. This new species is the largest known
hathliacynid. Compared to the type species of the genus, A.
tricuspidatus, Acyon myctoderos differs in having: (1)
longer diastemata among premolars; (2) p2 comparatively more
robust, with a better developed posterior cusp and with a
sharp anterior crest; (3) lower molars with a more poorly
developed anterobasal cingulum; (4) m1-m3 with hypoconulids
less salient posteriorly and more vertically oriented; and
(5) larger hypoconids at least on the m2. A phylogenetic
analysis including nine taxa of Sparassodonta,with
Mayulestes as the outgroup, showed that Acyon is more
closely related to Cladosictis than to any other
hathliacynid. © 2006 by the Society of Vertebrate
Paleontology.},
Doi = {10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[670:ANSOHM]2.0.CO;2},
Key = {fds240702}
}
@misc{fds240701,
Author = {Vizcaíno, SF and Bargo, MS and Kay, RF and Milne,
N},
Title = {The armadillos (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Dasypodidae) of the
Santa Cruz Formation (early-middle Miocene): An approach to
their paleobiology},
Journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
Volume = {237},
Number = {2-4},
Pages = {255-269},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2006},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0031-0182},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.12.006},
Abstract = {The Santacrucian (early-middle Miocene) fauna is exceptional
in its richness (over 70 species recorded in 21
stratigraphic levels). In this contribution we attempt a
preliminary paleobiological characterization of the
armadillos (Dasypodidae and Peltephilidae). Santacrucian
Dasypodidae includes the genera Prozaedyus Ameghino,
Proeutatus Ameghino, Stenotatus Ameghino, and Stegotherium
Ameghino. The Peltephilidae include the genus Peltephilus
Ameghino and others undergoing systematic revision. Body
masses and locomotory habits are inferred from the sizes of
the proximal and middle shaft dimensions of the limb bones
from allometric equations and indices previously modeled in
living dasypodids. Masticatory and dietary interpretations
are based on the jaw mechanics, the analysis of the
temporomandibular joint and mandibular symphysis, and the
shape, arrangement and wear patterns of teeth. The body mass
averages are 15.28 kg for Proeutatus, 3.72 kg for
Stenotatus, 1.12 kg for Prozaedyus, 11.47 for Stegotherium,
and 11.07 kg for Peltephilus. The diversity in limb bone
proportions is not so marked as in the living species;
forelimb indices reflect proportions similar to those of the
living dasypodines and euphractines, all of whom are
relatively good diggers. None of the Santacrucian taxa reach
the degree of cursoriality of Tolypeutes Illiger, the
extreme fossoriality of Priodontes F. Cuvier, or the
subterranean habits of Chlamyphorus Harlan. Within a
potentially generalized omnivory, some specializations can
be easily detected within the Santacrucian armadillos:
herbivory in Proeutatus and Peltephilus, and myrmecophagy in
Stegotherium. This could help to explain the potential
coexistence of so many genera in a single area, diminishing
the degree of competition for resources. © 2005 Elsevier
B.V. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.12.006},
Key = {fds240701}
}
@misc{fds304460,
Author = {Kay, RF and Cozzuol, MA},
Title = {New platyrrhine monkeys from the Solimões Formation (late
Miocene, Acre State, Brazil).},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {50},
Number = {6},
Pages = {673-686},
Year = {2006},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16530809},
Abstract = {We report here a new fossil primate from the late Miocene of
Brazil. The material consists of a lower first molar and a
maxilla with P3-4. The fossils were collected in the
Solimões Formation at the locality of Patos, upper Acre
River, Acre State, Brazil. The locality is assigned to the
Huayquerian South American Land Mammal Age based on faunal
content (late Miocene; dated to between 9 and 6 Ma). The new
material is the oldest known occurrence of fossil primates
in Brazil and is recognized as a new genus and species,
Solimoea acrensis. Solimoea is the oldest known member of
the ateline subfamily, which includes the living genera
Ateles, Lagothrix, and Brachyteles. By analogy with the
molar structures and diets of extant platyrrhines, Solimoea
primarily had a diet of fruit, perhaps similar to that of
the spider monkey, Ateles. Two other primate teeth described
previously from the same formation in Bolivia document the
occurrence of alouattines and cebines. One of those
specimens is a late Miocene representative of the middle
Miocene Colombian genus Stirtonia. The other represents one
of the largest known platyrrhine primates, for which is
erected a new primate genus, Acrecebus fraileyi.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.01.002},
Key = {fds304460}
}
@misc{fds240783,
Author = {Tafforeau, P and Boistel, R and Boller, E and Bravin, A and Brunet, M and Chaimanee, Y and Cloetens, P and Feist, M and Hoszowska, J and Jaeger,
JJ and Kay, RF and Lazzari, V and Marivaux, L and Nel, A and Nemoz, C and Thibault, X and Vignaud, P and Zabler, S},
Title = {Applications of X-ray synchrotron microtomography for
non-destructive 3D studies of paleontological
specimens},
Journal = {Applied Physics A: Materials Science and
Processing},
Volume = {83},
Number = {2},
Pages = {195-202},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2006},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0947-8396},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-006-3507-2},
Abstract = {Paleontologists are quite recent newcomers among the users
of X-ray synchrotron imaging techniques at the European
Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). Studies of the
external morphological characteristics of a fossil organism
are not sufficient to extract all the information for a
paleontological study. Nowadays observations of internal
structures become increasingly important, but these
observations should be non-destructive in order to preserve
the important specimens. Conventional microtomography allows
performing part of these investigations. Nevertheless, the
best microtomographic images are obtained using
third-generation synchrotrons producing hard X-rays, such as
the ESRF. Firstly, monochromatisation avoids beam hardening
that is frequently strong for paleontological samples.
Secondly, the high beam intensity available at synchrotron
radiation sources allows rapid data acquisition at very high
spatial resolutions, resulting in precise mapping of the
internal structures of the sample. Thirdly, high coherence
leads to additional imaging possibilities: phase contrast
radiography, phase contrast microtomography and
holotomography. These methods greatly improve the image
contrast and therefore allow studying fossils that cannot be
investigated by conventional microtomography due to a high
degree of mineralisation or low absorption contrast. Thanks
to these different properties and imaging techniques, a
synchrotron radiation source and the ESRF in particular
appears as an almost ideal investigation tool for
paleontology.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00339-006-3507-2},
Key = {fds240783}
}
@article{fds240662,
Author = {Kay, RF and Rae, TC and Koppe, T and Colbert, MW},
Title = {Paranasal pneumatization in the early Miocene platyrrhine
Homunculus patagonicus},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {Supplement 41},
Pages = {112-112},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000235661100235&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240662}
}
@article{fds240680,
Author = {Mitchell, TRT and Schmitt, D and Kay, RF},
Title = {The role of binocular vision in primate locomotion.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {Suppl. 41},
Pages = {132-133},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000235661100320&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240680}
}
@article{fds53106,
Author = {Vizcaino S.F. and Bargo M.S. and Kay R.F.},
Title = {Reconstructing the paleoecology of the Santacrucian fauna
(Early-Middle Miocene; Patagonia; Argentina) From form and
function. Armadillo and primate examples.},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {26},
Pages = {135A},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds53106}
}
@misc{fds240588,
Author = {Fleagle, JG and Kay, RF},
Title = {A new humerus of Homunculus from the Santa Cruz Formation,
(early-middle Miocene, Patagonia).},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {26},
Pages = {62A},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds240588}
}
@misc{fds240787,
Author = {Kay, RF and Cozzuol, M},
Title = {A new platyrrhine from the Solimões Formation (late
Miocene, Acre State, Brazil) with comments about other
Miocene monkeys from that region.},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {50},
Number = {6},
Pages = {673-686},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16530809},
Abstract = {We report here a new fossil primate from the late Miocene of
Brazil. The material consists of a lower first molar and a
maxilla with P3-4. The fossils were collected in the
Solimões Formation at the locality of Patos, upper Acre
River, Acre State, Brazil. The locality is assigned to the
Huayquerian South American Land Mammal Age based on faunal
content (late Miocene; dated to between 9 and 6 Ma). The new
material is the oldest known occurrence of fossil primates
in Brazil and is recognized as a new genus and species,
Solimoea acrensis. Solimoea is the oldest known member of
the ateline subfamily, which includes the living genera
Ateles, Lagothrix, and Brachyteles. By analogy with the
molar structures and diets of extant platyrrhines, Solimoea
primarily had a diet of fruit, perhaps similar to that of
the spider monkey, Ateles. Two other primate teeth described
previously from the same formation in Bolivia document the
occurrence of alouattines and cebines. One of those
specimens is a late Miocene representative of the middle
Miocene Colombian genus Stirtonia. The other represents one
of the largest known platyrrhine primates, for which is
erected a new primate genus, Acrecebus fraileyi.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.01.002},
Key = {fds240787}
}
@misc{fds240788,
Author = {Vizcaino, and F, S and Bargo, and S, M and Kay, and F, R and Milne},
Title = {The armadillos (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Dasypodidae) of the
Santa Cruz formation (early-middle Miocene)},
Journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology and Paleoecology},
Volume = {237},
Pages = {255-269},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds240788}
}
@article{fds240589,
Author = {Kay, RF and Kirk, EC and Malinzak, M and Colbert,
MW},
Title = {Brain size, activity pattern, and visual acuity in
Homunculus patagonicus, an early Miocene stem platyrrhine:
the mosaic evolution of brain size and visual acuity in
Anthropoidea.},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {26},
Pages = {83A-84A},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds240589}
}
@article{fds240590,
Author = {Kay, RF and Takai, M},
Title = {Pitheciidae and other platyrrhine seed predators: the dual
occupation of the seed predator niche during platyrrhine
evolution.},
Pages = {511},
Publisher = {International Journal of Primatology},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds240590}
}
@article{fds240591,
Author = {Perry, JMG and Kay, RF and Colbert, MW},
Title = {Tooth root size and chewing muscle leverage in Homunculus, a
Miocene Primate from Patagonia.},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {26},
Pages = {110A},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds240591}
}
@article{fds240592,
Author = {Vizcaíno, SF and Bargo, MS and Kay, RF},
Title = {Morfología y paleobiología de vertebrados. Aplicación a
los mamíferos de la Formación Santa Cruz (Mioceno
temprano-medio), Patagonia, Argentina},
Journal = {IX Congreso Argentino de Paleontología y Bioestratigrafía,
18 -22 de septiembre, Córdoba, Argentina},
Pages = {144},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds240592}
}
@article{fds240593,
Author = {Vizcaíno, SF and Bargo, MS and Kay, RF},
Title = {Reconstructing the paleoecology of the Santacrucian fauna
(Early-Middle Miocene; Patagonia; Argentina) From form and
function. Armadillo and primate examples.},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {26},
Pages = {135A},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds240593}
}
@misc{fds304459,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {A synopsis of the phylogeny and paleobiology of
Amphipithecidae, South Asian middle and late Eocene
primates},
Journal = {Anthropological Science},
Volume = {113},
Number = {1},
Pages = {33-42},
Publisher = {Anthropological Society of Nippon},
Year = {2005},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1537/ase.04S005},
Abstract = {Amphipithecidae of late middle Eocene to late Eocene of
Myanmar and Thailand is a phylogenetically enigmatic group
that some place with Anthropoidea and others with Adapoidea.
A linkage with adapoids is hard to demonstrate because it
relies largely on a series of similarities that are arguably
symplesiomorphies of Primates as a whole. The possibility
that amphipithecids are specially related to crown
anthropoids (e.g. Aegyptopithecus) is suggested by some
shared-derived dental and gnathic anatomy. The postcranial
anatomy indicates that the amphipithecids, if they are
anthropoids, are probably a distantly related stem group
outside the clade of African late Eocene-to-Recent
anthropoids. Even the stem-group anthropoid status of
amphipithecids is not supported by the absence of
postorbital closure and enlarged olfactory bulbs, since
postorbital closure and reduced olfactory bulbs characterize
a more inclusive crown haplorhine clade of Tarsius plus
Anthropoidea. An appealing possibility is that
amphipithecids are basal haplorhines whose divergence would
have predated the Tarsius-Anthropoidea split. Larger
amphipithecids equal or exceed the body size of the largest
known Eocene primates. Dental and mandibular anatomy
suggests these large-bodied amphipithecids were fruit and
hard-object (nut) feeders. A more primitive contemporary
amphipithecid, Myanmarpithecus, was smaller, about 1-2 kg,
and its cheek teeth suggest a frugivorous diet but do not
imply seed eating. The humerus and calcaneus of a large
amphipithecid from Myanmar (Pondaungia or Amphipithecus)
suggest a slow-moving arboreal quadrupedal locomotion like
that of lorises. A talus of an amphipithcid is more
suggestive of an active arboreal quadruped. © 2004 The
Anthropological Society of Nippon.},
Doi = {10.1537/ase.04S005},
Key = {fds304459}
}
@misc{fds240641,
Author = {Kay, RF and Vizcaino, S and Tauber, AA and Bargo, MS and Williams, BA and Luna, C and Colbert, MW},
Title = {Three newly discovered skulls of Homunculus patagonicus
support its position as a stem platyrrhine and establish its
diurnal arboreal folivorous habits.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {40},
Pages = {127-127},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000227214900256&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240641}
}
@article{fds31321,
Author = {Kay, R .F. Vizcano and S. F. Tauber and A. A. Bargo and M. S.
Williams and B. A Luna and C. Colbert and M. W.},
Title = {Three newly discovered skulls of Homunculus patagonicus
support its position as a stem platyrrhine and establish its
diurnal arboreal folivorous habits.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds31321}
}
@misc{fds240803,
Author = {Kay, RF and Campbell, VM and Rossie, JB and Colbert, MW and Rowe,
TB},
Title = {Olfactory fossa of Tremacebus harringtoni (platyrrhini,
early Miocene, Sacanana, Argentina): implications for
activity pattern.},
Journal = {The anatomical record. Part A, Discoveries in molecular,
cellular, and evolutionary biology},
Volume = {281},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1157-1172},
Year = {2004},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1552-4884},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15481092},
Abstract = {CT imaging was undertaken on the skull of approximately
20-Myr-old Miocene Tremacebus harringtoni. Here we report
our observations on the relative size of the olfactory fossa
and its implications for the behavior of Tremacebus. The
endocranial surface of Tremacebus is incomplete, making
precise estimate of brain size and olfactory fossa size
imprecise. However, olfactory fossa breadth and maximum
endocranial breadth measured from CT images of one
catarrhine species and eight platyrrhine species for which
volumes of the olfactory bulb and brain are known show that
the osteological proxies give a reasonably accurate
indication of relative olfactory bulb size. Nocturnal Aotus
has the largest relative olfactory fossa breadth and the
largest olfactory bulb volume compared to brain volume among
extant anthropoids. Tremacebus had a much smaller olfactory
fossa breadth and, by inference, bulb volume--within the
range of our sample of diurnal anthropoids. Variations in
the relative size of the olfactory bulbs in platyrrhines
appear to relate to the importance of olfaction in daily
behaviors. Aotus has the largest olfactory bulbs among
platyrrhines and relies more on olfactory cues when foraging
than Cebus, Callicebus, or Saguinus. As in other examples of
nocturnal versus diurnal primates, nocturnality may have
been the environmental factor that selected for this
difference in Aotus, although communication and other
behaviors are also likely to select for olfactory variation
in diurnal anthropoids. Considering the olfactory fossa size
of Tremacebus, olfactory ability of this Miocene monkey was
probably not as sensitive as in Aotus and counts against the
hypothesis that Tremacebus was nocturnal. This finding
accords well with previous observations that the orbits of
Tremacebus are not as large as nocturnal
Aotus.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.a.20121},
Key = {fds240803}
}
@misc{fds240804,
Author = {Kohn, MJ and Josef, JA and Madden, R and Kay, R and Vucetich, G and Carlini, AA},
Title = {Climate stability across the Eocene-Oligocene transition,
southern Argentina},
Journal = {Geology},
Volume = {32},
Number = {7},
Pages = {621-624},
Publisher = {Geological Society of America},
Year = {2004},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0091-7613},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G20442.1},
Abstract = {Fossil mammal teeth from mid-latitude southern Argentina
(∼46°S) that closely bracket the Eocene-Oligocene
transition show no resolvable change in oxygen isotope
compositions. In combination with paleofloral observations
and geographic considerations, this finding implies not only
that climate was essentially constant, despite
interpretations elsewhere for major mid- and high-latitude
cooling, but also that evolution of hypsodonty did not
coincide with climate change during the Eocene-Oligocene
transition. One possible explanation for Eocene-Oligocene
transition climatic stability is that southern high-latitude
cooling increased latitudinal temperature gradients and
strengthened ocean circulation gyres, including the
southward-flowing Brazil Current in the western South
Atlantic. Regionally increased heat transport in the western
Atlantic offset global cooling, producing a nearly constant
temperature in southern South America. A more radical
interpretation, supported by some marine data, is that the
paradigm of major global cooling at the Eocene-Oligocene
transition is largely false, in that mean sea-surface
temperatures changed very little. © 2004 Geological Society
of America.},
Doi = {10.1130/G20442.1},
Key = {fds240804}
}
@book{fds240623,
Author = {Ross, C and Kay, RF},
Title = {Anthropoid Origins},
Pages = {749 pages},
Publisher = {Springer Science & Business Media},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780306481208},
Abstract = {Thissecond editionwill be an edited volume of interest to
those who do research and teach about the evolution of
primates.},
Key = {fds240623}
}
@misc{fds240798,
Author = {Kay, RF and Schmitt, D and Vinyard, CJ and Perry, JMG and Shigehara, N and Takai, M and Egi, N},
Title = {The paleobiology of Amphipithecidae, South Asian late Eocene
primates.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {46},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3-25},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14698683},
Abstract = {Analysis of the teeth, orbital, and gnathic regions of the
skull, and fragmentary postcranial bones provides evidence
for reconstructing a behavioral profile of Amphipithecidae:
Pondaungia, Amphipithecus, Myanmarpithecus (late middle
Eocene, Myanmar) and Siamopithecus (late Eocene, Thailand).
At 5-8 kg, Pondaungia, Amphipithecus, and Siamopithecus are
perhaps the largest known Eocene primates. The dental and
mandibular anatomy suggest that large-bodied amphipithecids
were hard-object feeders. The shape of the mandibular corpus
and stiffened symphysis suggest an ability to resist large
internal loads during chewing and to recruit significant
amounts of muscle forces from both the chewing and
non-chewing sides of the jaw so as to increase bite force
during mastication. The large spatulate upper central
incisor of Pondaungia and projecting robust canines of all
the larger amphipithecids suggest that incisal food
preparation was important. The molars of Siamopithecus,
Amphipithecus, and Pondaungia have weak shearing crests.
This, and the thick molar enamel found in Pondaungia,
suggests a diet of seeds and other hard objects low in
fiber. In contrast, Myanmarpithecus was smaller, about 1-2
kg; its cheek teeth suggest a frugivorous diet and do not
imply seed eating. Postcranial bones (humerus, ulna, and
calcaneus) of a single large amphipithecid individual from
Myanmar suggest an arboreal quadrupedal locomotor style like
that of howler monkeys or lorises. The humeral head is
rounded, proximally oriented, and the tuberosities are low
indicating an extremely mobile glenohumeral joint. The great
thickness of the midshaft cortical bone of the humerus
implies enhanced ability to resist bending and torsion, as
seen among slow moving primate quadrupeds. The elbow joint
exhibits articular features for enhanced stability in
habitually flexed positions, features also commonly found in
slow moving arboreal quadrupeds. The short distal load arm
of the calcaneus is consistent with, but not exclusive to,
slow, arboreal quadrupedalism, and suggests no reliance on
habitual leaping.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2003.09.009},
Key = {fds240798}
}
@article{fds240566,
Author = {Teaford, MF},
Title = {Back to the future},
Journal = {Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and
Reviews},
Volume = {13},
Number = {5},
Pages = {198-199},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1060-1538},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000224822900006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.20016},
Key = {fds240566}
}
@article{fds240635,
Author = {Mitchell, TRT and Kay, RF and Colbert, MW and Rowe,
TB},
Title = {The interorbital region of Dolichocebus gaimanensis
(Platyrrhini, early Miocene, Argentina) based on high
resolution X-ray CT imaging-phylogenetic
implications.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {148-148},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000207846400383&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240635}
}
@article{fds240660,
Author = {Kay, RF and Rossie, JB and Colbert, MW and Rowe, TB},
Title = {Observations on the olfactory system of Tremacebus
harringtoni (Platyrrhini, early Miocene, Sacanana,
Argentina) based on high resolution X-ray CT
scans.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {123-124},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000207846400287&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240660}
}
@book{fds28051,
Author = {Ross, C.F. and R.F. Kay},
Title = {Anthropoid Origins: New Visions (Advances in
Primatology)},
Pages = {747},
Publisher = {Kluwer/Plenum},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds28051}
}
@misc{fds31303,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and B.A. Williams and C. Ross and M. Takai and N.
Shigehara},
Title = {Anthropoid origins: a phylogenetic analysis, in Anthropoid
Origins: New Visions},
Pages = {91-135},
Publisher = {Kluwer/Plenum: New York},
Editor = {C.F. Ross and R.F. Kay},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds31303}
}
@article{fds31296,
Author = {Tauber, A.A. and R.F. Kay and C. Luna},
Title = {Killik Aike Norte, una localidad clásica de la Formación
Santa Cruz (Mioceno temprano-medio), Patagonia,
Argentina},
Publisher = {Ameghiniana},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds31296}
}
@article{fds31306,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and J.B. Rossie and M.W. Colbert and T.
Rowe},
Title = {Observations on the olfactory system of Tremacebus
harringtoni (Platyrrhini, early},
Journal = {Am. J. Phys. Anthropol},
Series = {Supplement 35},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds31306}
}
@article{fds31318,
Author = {T.R.T. Mitchell and Kay, R.F. and M.W. Colbert and T.R.
Rowe},
Title = {The interorbital region of Dolichocebus gaimanensis
(Platyrrhini, early Miocene,},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Series = {Supplement 35},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds31318}
}
@article{fds31322,
Author = {Vucetich, G. Carlini and A. Madden and R, M. Kay and R .F. Vieytes and E. C.},
Title = {Nuevos hallazgos entre los más antiguos roedores de
América del Sur: una dispersión post transición
Eoceno-Oligoceno},
Journal = {Asociacion Paleontologica Argentina, Reunin Anual de
Communicaciones Carlini, A. Madden, R, M. Kay, R .F.
Vieytes, E. C.},
Pages = {29},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds31322}
}
@article{fds31325,
Author = {Vizcaino, S. F. Bargo and M. S. Kay and R .F.},
Title = {Functional remarks on the humerus of anteaters (Mammalia,
Vermilingua) from Santa Cruz Formation (early Middle
Miocene)},
Journal = {Asociacion Paleontologica Argentina, Reunin Anual de
Communicaciones Carlini, A. Madden, R, M. Kay, R .F.
Vieytes, E. C.},
Pages = {29},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds31325}
}
@article{fds31332,
Author = {Tauber, A. A.Kay and R .F.Luna, C.},
Title = {Killik Aike Norte, una localidad clásica de la Formación
Santa Cruz (Mioceno temprano-medio), Patagonia,
Argentina},
Journal = {Ameghiniana},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds31332}
}
@article{fds31334,
Author = {Madden, R and M. Kay and R .F. Heizler and M. Vilas and F. Re and G.},
Title = {Geochronology of the Sarmiento Formation at Gran Barranca
and elsewhere in Patagonia: calibrating middoe Cenozoic
mammal evolution in South America},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {24, suppl to #3},
Pages = {87A},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds31334}
}
@book{fds240619,
Author = {Ross, CF and Kay, RF},
Title = {Anthropoid Origins: New Visions},
Pages = {749},
Publisher = {Kluwer/Plenum Publishers},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds240619}
}
@misc{fds240572,
Author = {Bellosi, ES and Madden, R and Kay, RF},
Title = {Discontinuidades estratigráficas de la Formación Sarmiento
en Gran Barranca (Patagonia central): evaluación
preliminary de la integridad de su registro},
Journal = {Resumenes de Comunicaciones de la Asociación Argentina de
Paleontologia (Diamante, Argentina)},
Volume = {2004},
Pages = {6-7},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds240572}
}
@misc{fds240577,
Author = {Madden, R and Kay, RF and Heizler, M and Vilas, F and Re,
G},
Title = {Geochronology of the Sarmiento Formation at Gran Barranca
and Elsewhere in Patagonia: Calibrating Middle Cenozoic
Mammal Evolution in South America},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {24},
Pages = {87A},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds240577}
}
@misc{fds240581,
Author = {Tauber, AA and Kay, RF and Luna, C},
Title = {Killik Aike Norte, una localidad clásica de la Formación
Santa Cruz (Mioceno temprano-medio), Patagonia,
Argentina},
Journal = {Ameghiniana},
Volume = {Resúmenes, 2004},
Pages = {26},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds240581}
}
@misc{fds240582,
Author = {Tauber, AA and Kay, RF and Luna, C and Palacoos, ME},
Title = {Aspectos paleoambientales de la Formacion Santa Cruz (Mioeno
temprano-medio) en Killik Aike Norte, Patagonia,
Argentina},
Journal = {Asociacion Paleontologica Argentina, Reunin Anual de
Communicaciones},
Pages = {26},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds240582}
}
@misc{fds240583,
Author = {Tauber, AA and Vizcaino, SF and Kay, RF and Bargo, MS and Luna,
C},
Title = {Aspectos biostratigráficos y paleoecológicos de la
Formación Santa Cruz (Mioceno temprano-medio) de Patagonia,
Argentina},
Journal = {Ameghiniana},
Publisher = {Ameghiniana},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds240583}
}
@misc{fds240585,
Author = {Vizcaino, SF and Bargo, MS and Tauber, AA and Kay,
RF},
Title = {The armadillos (Mammalia, Xenarthra) of the Santa Cruz
Formation (Early-Middle Miocene). An approach to their
paleobiology.},
Journal = {Ameghiniana},
Publisher = {Ameghiniana},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds240585}
}
@misc{fds240797,
Author = {Forasiepi, and Sánchez-Villagra, A and Goin, MR and Madden, FJ and R, and Takai, M and Kay, M and F, R},
Title = {A new hathliacynidae (Metatheria, Sparassodonta) from the
middle Miocene of Quebrada Honda, Bolivia},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds240797}
}
@misc{fds240800,
Author = {Ungar, PS and Teaford, MF and Kay, RF},
Title = {Molar micowear and shearing crest development in Miocene
catarrhines},
Journal = {Anthropologie},
Volume = {42},
Pages = {21-35},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds240800}
}
@misc{fds240802,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {A synopsis of the phylogeny and paleobiology of
Amphipithecidae, South Asian middle and late Eocene
primates},
Journal = {Anthropological Science (Japan)},
Volume = {113},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-12},
Year = {2004},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1537/ase.04S005},
Abstract = {Amphipithecidae of late middle Eocene to late Eocene of
Myanmar and Thailand is a phylogenetically enigmatic group
that some place with Anthropoidea and others with Adapoidea.
A linkage with adapoids is hard to demonstrate because it
relies largely on a series of similarities that are arguably
symplesiomorphies of Primates as a whole. The possibility
that amphipithecids are specially related to crown
anthropoids (e.g. Aegyptopithecus) is suggested by some
shared-derived dental and gnathic anatomy. The postcranial
anatomy indicates that the amphipithecids, if they are
anthropoids, are probably a distantly related stem group
outside the clade of African late Eocene-to-Recent
anthropoids. Even the stem-group anthropoid status of
amphipithecids is not supported by the absence of
postorbital closure and enlarged olfactory bulbs, since
postorbital closure and reduced olfactory bulbs characterize
a more inclusive crown haplorhine clade of Tarsius plus
Anthropoidea. An appealing possibility is that
amphipithecids are basal haplorhines whose divergence would
have predated the Tarsius-Anthropoidea split. Larger
amphipithecids equal or exceed the body size of the largest
known Eocene primates. Dental and mandibular anatomy
suggests these large-bodied amphipithecids were fruit and
hard-object (nut) feeders. A more primitive contemporary
amphipithecid, Myanmarpithecus, was smaller, about 1-2 kg,
and its cheek teeth suggest a frugivorous diet but do not
imply seed eating. The humerus and calcaneus of a large
amphipithecid from Myanmar (Pondaungia or Amphipithecus)
suggest a slow-moving arboreal quadrupedal locomotion like
that of lorises. A talus of an amphipithcid is more
suggestive of an active arboreal quadruped. © 2004 The
Anthropological Society of Nippon.},
Doi = {10.1537/ase.04S005},
Key = {fds240802}
}
@misc{fds240573,
Author = {Kay, RF and Williams, BA and Ross, CF and Takai, M and Shigehara,
N},
Title = {Anthropoid origins: a phylogenetic analysis},
Pages = {91-135},
Booktitle = {Anthropoid Origins: New Visions},
Publisher = {Kluwer/Plenum},
Editor = {Ross, CF and Kay, RF},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds240573}
}
@misc{fds240574,
Author = {Kirk, EC and Kay, RF},
Title = {The evolution of high visual acuity in the
Anthropoidea},
Pages = {539-602},
Booktitle = {Anthropoid Origins: New Visions},
Publisher = {Kluwer/Plenum Publishing},
Editor = {Ross, CF and Kay, RF},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds240574}
}
@misc{fds240579,
Author = {Ross, CF and Kay, R},
Title = {Anthropoid Origins: Retrospective and Prospective},
Pages = {699-737},
Booktitle = {Anthropoid Origins: New Visions},
Publisher = {Kluwer/Plenum Publishing},
Editor = {Ross, CF and Kay, RF},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds240579}
}
@misc{fds240580,
Author = {Ross, CF and Kay, RF},
Title = {Evolving perspectives on Anthropoidea},
Pages = {3-41},
Booktitle = {Anthropoid Origins: New Visions},
Publisher = {Kulwer/Plenum},
Editor = {Ross, CF and Kay, RF},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds240580}
}
@article{fds240575,
Author = {Madden, R and Carlini, A and Vucetich, G and Kay, R and Heizler, M and Vilas, F and Re, G and Kohn, MJ and Zucol, A and Bellosi,
ES},
Title = {The terrestrial Eocene-Oligocene transition at Gran Barranca
in Patagonia},
Series = {Symposium on the Paleogene, Belgium},
Pages = {P-38},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds240575}
}
@article{fds240576,
Author = {Madden, R and Carlini, A and Vucetich, MG and Kay, R and Heizler, M and Vilas, F and Re, G and Kohn, MJ and Zucol, A and Bellosi,
ES},
Title = {Gran Barranca: the most complete South American middle
Cenozoic sequence.},
Volume = {Abstracts and Program Book},
Series = {Symposium on the Paleogene, Belgium},
Pages = {P-39},
Booktitle = {Symposium on the Paleogene},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds240576}
}
@article{fds240578,
Author = {Mitchell, TRT and Kay, RF and Colbert, MW and Rowe,
TR},
Title = {The interorbital region of Dolichocebus gaimanensis
(Platyrrhini, early Miocene, Argentina) based on high
resolution X-ray CT imaging—phylogenetic
implications.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {Supplement 35},
Pages = {124},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds240578}
}
@article{fds240584,
Author = {Vizcaino, SF and Bargo, MS and Tauber, AA and Kay,
RF},
Title = {Myrmecophagidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra) de edad Santacrucense
(Mioceno temprano-medio).},
Journal = {Ameghiniana},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds240584}
}
@article{fds240586,
Author = {Vucetich, G and Carlini, A and Madden, R and Kay, CN and Vieytes,
EC},
Title = {Nuevos hallazgos entre los más antiguos roedores de
América del Sur: una dispersion post-transición
Eoceno-Oligoceno},
Journal = {Resumenes de Comunicaciones de la Asociación Argentina de
Paleontologia (Diamante, Argentina)},
Volume = {2004},
Pages = {29},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds240586}
}
@article{fds240587,
Author = {Vucetich, G and Carlini, A and Madden, R and Kay,
RF},
Title = {New Discoveries among the Oldest Rodents in South America:
How Old and How Primitive?},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {24},
Pages = {125A},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds240587}
}
@misc{fds240661,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {The primate fossil record},
Journal = {American Journal of Human Biology},
Volume = {15},
Number = {6},
Pages = {839-840},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2003},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1042-0533},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000186302700016&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/ajhb.10209},
Key = {fds240661}
}
@misc{fds240799,
Author = {Jungers, WL and Pokempner, AA and Kay, RF and Cartmill,
M},
Title = {Hypoglossal canal size in living hominoids and the evolution
of human speech.},
Journal = {Human biology},
Volume = {75},
Number = {4},
Pages = {473-484},
Year = {2003},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hub.2003.0057},
Abstract = {The relative size of the hypoglossal canal has been proposed
as a useful diagnostic tool for the identification of
human-like speech capabilities in the hominid fossil record.
Relatively large hypoglossal canals (standardized to oral
cavity size) were observed in humans and assumed to
correspond to relatively large hypoglossal nerves, the
cranial nerve that controls motor function of the tongue. It
was suggested that the human pattern of tongue motor
innervation and associated speech potential are very
different from those of African apes and australopithecines;
the modern human condition apparently appeared by the time
of Middle Pleistocene Homo. A broader interspecific analysis
of hypoglossal canal size in primates conducted in 1999 has
rejected this diagnostic and inferences based upon it. In an
attempt to resolve these differences of opinion, which we
believe are based in part on biased size-adjustments and/or
unwarranted assumptions, a new data set was collected and
analyzed from 298 extant hominoid skulls, including
orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, siamang,
gibbons, and modern humans. Data on the absolute size of the
hypoglossal nerve itself were also gathered from a small
sample of humans and chimpanzee cadavers. A scale-free index
of relative hypoglossal canal size (RHCS) was computed as
100 x (hypoglossal canal area(0.5)/oral cavity
volume(0.333)). No significant sexual dimorphism in RHCS was
discovered in any species of living hominoid, but there are
significant interspecific differences in both absolute and
relative sizes of the hypoglossal canal. In absolute terms,
humans possess significantly larger canals than any other
species except gorillas, but there is considerable overlap
with chimpanzees. Humans are also characterized by large
values of RHCS, but gibbons possess an even larger average
mean for this index; siamang and bonobos overlap appreciably
with humans in RHCS. The value of RHCS in Australopithecus
afarensis is well within both human and gibbon ranges, as
are the indices computed for selected representatives of
fossil Homo. Furthermore, the size of the hypoglossal nerve
itself, expressed as the mass of nerve per millimeter of
length, does not distinguish chimpanzees from modern humans.
We conclude, therefore, that the relative size of the
hypoglossal canal is neither a reliable nor sufficient
predictor of human-like speech capabilities, and
paleoanthropology still lacks a quantifiable, morphological
diagnostic for when this capability finally emerged in the
human career.},
Doi = {10.1353/hub.2003.0057},
Key = {fds240799}
}
@book{fds240698,
Author = {Kirk, EC and Cartmill, M and Kay, RF and Lemelin,
P},
Title = {Comment on "Grasping primate origins".},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {300},
Number = {5620},
Pages = {741},
Year = {2003},
Month = {May},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12730582},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1082060},
Key = {fds240698}
}
@misc{fds240789,
Author = {Goin, FJ and Sanchez-Villagra, MR and Kay, RF and Anaya-Daza, F and Takai, M},
Title = {New Palaeothentid marsupial from the middle Miocene of
Bolivia},
Journal = {Palaeontology},
Volume = {46},
Number = {2},
Pages = {307-315},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0031-0239.2003.00300.x},
Abstract = {The new species Acdestis maddeni is described based on the
most complete skull of a palaeothentid marsupial known so
far. The skull preserves most of the upper dentition and of
the ear region, the latter an anatomical region previously
unknown in this extinct family. A right maxillary fragment
including C-M2 also belongs to the new species. The
specimens come from the middle Miocene localities of Rosario
and Quebrada Honda in southernmost Bolivia. The generic
allocation of the new species is somewhat problematic, given
that most of the taxonomy of fossil palaeothentids is based
on lower dentitions. Compared to that of caenolestids, the
skull of A. maddeni is much larger, with a shorter and
broader snout, a proportionally narrower interorbital
constriction, and a less globular, more triangular-shaped
braincase in dorsal view.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.0031-0239.2003.00300.x},
Key = {fds240789}
}
@article{fds240656,
Author = {Kay, RF and Mitchell, TRT},
Title = {Cranial evidence for the timing of the platyrrhine-catarrhine
divergence.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {127-127},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000181670000281&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240656}
}
@article{fds31313,
Author = {R.F. Kay},
Title = {Review of The Primate Fossil Record},
Journal = {American Journal of Human Biology},
Volume = {15},
Number = {6},
Pages = {839-840},
Editor = {W. Hartwig},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds31313}
}
@misc{fds240569,
Author = {Kay, RF and Mitchell, TRT},
Title = {Cranial evidence for the timing of the catarrhine-platyrrhine
divergence.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {Suppl. 35},
Series = {Suppl. 35},
Pages = {137},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds240569}
}
@misc{fds240801,
Author = {Kirk, EC and Cartmill, M and Kay, RF and Lemelin,
P},
Title = {Primate origins and carpolestid relationships: not nailed
yet. Comment on Block and Boyer},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {300},
Pages = {471},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds240801}
}
@article{fds303342,
Author = {Madden, R and Carlini, A and Vucetich, G and Kay, R and Heizler, M and Vilas, F and Re, G and Kohn, MJ and Zucol, A and Bellosi,
ES},
Title = {The terrestrial Eocene-Oligocene transition at Gran Barranca
in Patagonia},
Pages = {P-38},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds303342}
}
@article{fds303343,
Author = {Madden, R and Carlini, A and Vucetich, MG and Kay, R and Heizler, M and Vilas, F and Re, G and Kohn, MJ and Zucol, A and Bellosi,
ES},
Title = {Gran Barranca: the most complete South American middle
Cenozoic sequence.},
Volume = {Abstracts and Program Book},
Pages = {P-39},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds303343}
}
@misc{fds240631,
Author = {Bellosi, ES and Miquel, SE and Kay, RF and Madden,
RH},
Title = {A Mustersan Paleosol bearing land microgastropods
(Charopidae) from the Sarmiento Formation, Eocene of Central
Patagonia: Climatic implications},
Journal = {Ameghiniana},
Volume = {39},
Number = {4},
Pages = {465-477},
Year = {2002},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0002-7014},
Abstract = {The lower section of Puesto Almendra Member (Sarmiento
Formation) at Gran Barranca (Chubut province, Argentina), is
composed of tuffs, tuffaceous paleosols and fluvial
sandstones and intraformational conglomerates of latest
Middle Eocene age. In the lower pink paleosol (Rosado bed)
terrestrial microgastropods, bee trace fossils and mammal
remains referable to Mustersan SALMA have been recovered.
This paleosol occurs within a pyroclastic loess-paleosol
succession, that was originated as distal ash falls on
loessic plains during a low humidity period. Subsequently,
the ash was calcretized through pedogenesis. The massive
micritic fabric and frequent traces of Cellifornia isp.
indicate semiarid conditions. The snails are the second
South American fossil record of Charopidae (Gyrocochlea? sp.
cf. S. mirabilis Hylton Scott, Stephadiscus sp. cf. S.
lyratus (Couthouy in Gould), Zilchogyra sp. 1 and Z. sp. 2),
living genera of wide geographic distribution in South
America, from tropical to magellanic regions. In broad
agreement with Paleogene global climatic changes, a cooling
and aridity trend in Patagonia through the late Eocene would
have likely occurred within a variable climate scenario,
perhaps involving high frequency fluctuations. The
stratigraphic last occurrences of some groups of gastropods
(i.e. Strophocheilus, Megalobulimus and Paleobulimulus) may
be related to these phenomena, whereas genera Gyrocochlea?,
Stephadiscus and Zilchogyra may have survived in humid areas
of southern Argentina and Chile.},
Key = {fds240631}
}
@misc{fds240795,
Author = {Holroyd, PA and Ciochon, RL and Gunnell, GF and Kay, RF and Takai, M and Godinot, M},
Title = {What's in a name? Family-group taxonomy of larger-bodied
Southeast Asian Eocene primates.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {43},
Number = {5},
Pages = {755-758},
Year = {2002},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhev.2002.0589},
Doi = {10.1006/jhev.2002.0589},
Key = {fds240795}
}
@misc{fds240796,
Author = {Shigehara, N and Takai, M and Kay, RF and Aung, AK and Soe, AN and Tun, ST and Tsubamato, T and Thein, T},
Title = {The upper dentition and face of Pondaungia cotteri from
central Myanmar.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {43},
Number = {2},
Pages = {143-166},
Year = {2002},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhev.2002.0567},
Abstract = {A specimen of Pondaungia from the late middle Eocene
Pondaung Formation in central Myanmar includes maxillary
fragments and parts of the dentition, some hitherto
undocumented, including the upper central incisor, canine,
premolars and molars. Pondaungia has a large spatulate I1
closely resembling that of crown anthropoids. It possesses a
stout projecting upper canine (like anthropoids) but differs
from that tooth of crown anthropoids in lacking a strong
mesial groove. There are three upper premolars of which P2
is distinctly smaller than P3 or P4. P3 has a buccolingually
oriented mesial profile and an inflated distal profile
resembling that of parapithecids and crown anthropoids. The
distolingual molar cusp is a hypocone and is not homologus
with the "pseudohypocone" of notharctines because the cusp
is neither twinned with the protocone nor attached to a
Nannopithex-fold. Pondaungia has a stout zygomatic root with
a strongly demarcated muscle scar for the superficial
masseter situated well above the occlusal plane. The
inferior orbital margin is not preserved but the inflated
suborbital region allows for the inference that the orbit
was small. This specimen is not sufficiently well preserved
to identify if there was postorbital closure. However, a
specimen of the frontal bone of Amphipithecus shows that its
orbital septum was absent or poorly developed. If, as
commonly supposed, Pondaungia andAmphipithecus are sister
taxa, postorbital closure was probably absent in Pondaungia.
The large incisors, molars with poorly developed crests and
thick enamel, together with the stoutly developed and strong
dorsal component of the force vector of the superficial
masseter muscle suggest that Pondaungia had a diet low in
fiber, but that included hard food objects like nuts or
seeds. The present material adds to the structural
similarities between Pondaungia and anthropoids, but whether
these similarities are due to shared descent or functional
and adaptive convergence remains unresolved.},
Doi = {10.1006/jhev.2002.0567},
Key = {fds240796}
}
@misc{fds240646,
Author = {Kirk, EC and Kay, RF and Jungers, WL},
Title = {Activity patterns of subfossil lemurs: evidence based on the
relative size of the optic canal.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {96},
Series = {Supplement 34},
Pages = {96-96},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000174609700256&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240646}
}
@misc{fds240567,
Author = {Kay, RF and Schmitt, D and Vinyard, C},
Title = {Pondaungia cotteri, a slow moving primate seed predator from
the Eocene of South Asia},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {Supplement 34},
Series = {Supplement 34},
Pages = {92-93},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds240567}
}
@misc{fds240697,
Author = {Bellosi, ES and Miquel, SE and Kay, RF and Madden,
RH},
Title = {A Mustersan Paleosol bearing land microgastropods
(Charopidae) from the Sarmiento Formation, Eocene of Central
Patagonia: Climatic implications},
Journal = {Ameghiniana},
Volume = {39},
Number = {4},
Pages = {465-477},
Year = {2002},
Abstract = {The lower section of Puesto Almendra Member (Sarmiento
Formation) at Gran Barranca (Chubut province, Argentina), is
composed of tuffs, tuffaceous paleosols and fluvial
sandstones and intraformational conglomerates of latest
Middle Eocene age. In the lower pink paleosol (Rosado bed)
terrestrial microgastropods, bee trace fossils and mammal
remains referable to Mustersan SALMA have been recovered.
This paleosol occurs within a pyroclastic loess-paleosol
succession, that was originated as distal ash falls on
loessic plains during a low humidity period. Subsequently,
the ash was calcretized through pedogenesis. The massive
micritic fabric and frequent traces of Cellifornia isp.
indicate semiarid conditions. The snails are the second
South American fossil record of Charopidae (Gyrocochlea? sp.
cf. S. mirabilis Hylton Scott, Stephadiscus sp. cf. S.
lyratus (Couthouy in Gould), Zilchogyra sp. 1 and Z. sp. 2),
living genera of wide geographic distribution in South
America, from tropical to magellanic regions. In broad
agreement with Paleogene global climatic changes, a cooling
and aridity trend in Patagonia through the late Eocene would
have likely occurred within a variable climate scenario,
perhaps involving high frequency fluctuations. The
stratigraphic last occurrences of some groups of gastropods
(i.e. Strophocheilus, Megalobulimus and Paleobulimulus) may
be related to these phenomena, whereas genera Gyrocochlea?,
Stephadiscus and Zilchogyra may have survived in humid areas
of southern Argentina and Chile.},
Key = {fds240697}
}
@misc{fds240794,
Author = {Bellosi, ES and Miquel, SE and Kay, RF and Madden,
RH},
Title = {Un paleosuelo Mustersense con microgastrópodos terrestres
(Charopidae) de la Formación Sarmiento, Eoceno de Patagonia
central: significado paleoclimático},
Journal = {Ameghiniana},
Volume = {39},
Pages = {453-464},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds240794}
}
@misc{fds240568,
Author = {Kay, RF and Williams, BA and Anaya, F},
Title = {The adaptations of Branisella boliviana, the earliest South
American monkey},
Pages = {339-370},
Booktitle = {Reconstructing Behavior in the Primate Fossil
Record},
Publisher = {Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers},
Editor = {Plavcan, JM and van Schaik, C and Kay, RF and Jungers,
WL},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds240568}
}
@misc{fds240793,
Author = {Williams, SH and Kay, RF},
Title = {A comparative test of adaptive explanations for hypsodonty
in ungulates and rodents},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalian Evolution},
Volume = {8},
Number = {3},
Pages = {207-229},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1064-7554},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012231829141},
Abstract = {Hypsodonty has long been recognized as an adaptation for
grazing: grazing is suggested to increase tooth wear due to
endogenous (e.g., fiber, silica) and/or exogenous (e.g.,
dust, grit) properties of ingested food. However, it is
unknown whether tooth crown height is correlated with the
mastication of high fiber or silica in grasses, the
ingestion of external abrasives, or both. Furthermore,
comparative studies of hypsodonty have not explicitly taken
into account phylogenetic biases due to shared ancestry in
tooth morphology and/or feeding behavior. This study
highlights the relationship between molar crown height and
feeding habits in African ungulates and South American
rodents when phylogenetic effects are controlled. Among
ungulates, high hypsodonty indices are significantly
associated with specific plant and foraging height
preferences, while habitat and climate show no correlation
with tooth crown height. For rodents, grass-eating species
are significantly more hypsodont than frugivorous or
folivorous species, and arboreal rodents are less hypsodont
than terrestrial species. These results as well as those of
a posteriori analyses controlling for aspects of the
behavioral ecology (e.g., grass-eating, substrate
preference) of the sample species confirm the role of both
diet and grit in shaping the evolution of cheek tooth crown
height in herbivorous mammals. © 2001 Plenum Publishing
Corporation.},
Doi = {10.1023/A:1012231829141},
Key = {fds240793}
}
@misc{fds31352,
Author = {Plavcan, J. M.Kay and R. F.Jungers and W. L.van Schaik and C.},
Title = {Reconstructing behavior in the fossil record},
Booktitle = {Reconstructing Behavior in the Primate Fossil
Record},
Editor = {Plavcan, J. M.Kay and R. F.Jungers and W. L.van Schaik and C.},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds31352}
}
@book{fds240620,
Author = {Plavcan, JM and Kay, RF and Jungers, WL and van Schaik,
C},
Title = {Reconstructing Behavior in the Primate Fossil
Record},
Pages = {437},
Booktitle = {Advances in Primatology},
Publisher = {Kluwer/Plenum Publishers},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds240620}
}
@misc{fds240564,
Author = {Kay, RF and Madden, RH and Bellosi, ES and Carlini, AA and Heizler, M and Ré, G and Vilas, F and Vucetich, MG},
Title = {Puesto Almendra-Colhue-Huapi contact at Gan Barranca,
Sarmiento Formation, Chubut, Argentina},
Journal = {Ameghiniana},
Volume = {38},
Series = {supplement},
Number = {4},
Pages = {35R},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds240564}
}
@misc{fds240565,
Author = {Kay, RF and Madden, RH and Carlini, AA and Bellosi, ES and Heizler, M and Ré, G and Vilas, F and Vucetich, MG},
Title = {The Mustersan interval at Gran Barranca},
Journal = {Ameghiniana},
Volume = {38},
Series = {supplement},
Number = {4},
Pages = {34R},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds240565}
}
@misc{fds240790,
Author = {Kay, RF and Kirk, EC},
Title = {Osteological evidence for the evolution of activity pattern
and visual acuity in primates.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {113},
Number = {2},
Pages = {235-262},
Year = {2000},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11002207},
Abstract = {Examination of orbit size and optic foramen size in living
primates reveals two adaptive phenomena. First, as noted by
many authors, orbit size is strongly correlated with
activity pattern. Comparisons of large samples of extant
primates consistently reveal that nocturnal species exhibit
proportionately larger orbits than diurnal species.
Furthermore, nocturnal haplorhines (Tarsius and Aotus) have
considerably larger orbits than similar-sized nocturnal
strepsirrhines. Orbital hypertrophy in Tarsius and Aotus
accommodates the enormously enlarged eyes of these taxa.
This extreme ocular hypertrophy seen in extant nocturnal
haplorhines is an adaptation for both enhanced visual acuity
and sensitivity in conditions of low light intensity.
Second, the relative size of the optic foramen is highly
correlated with the degree of retinal summation and inferred
visual acuity. Diurnal haplorhines exhibit proportionately
larger optic foramina, less central retinal summation, and
much higher visual acuity than do all other primates.
Diurnal strepsirrhines exhibit a more subtle but significant
parallel enlargement of the optic foramen and a decrease in
retinal summation relative to the condition seen in
nocturnal primates. These twin osteological variables of
orbit size and optic foramen size may be used to draw
inferences regarding the activity pattern, retinal anatomy,
and visual acuity of fossil primates. Our measurements
demonstrate that the omomyiforms Microchoerus, Necrolemur,
Shoshonius, and Tetonius, adapiform Pronycticebus, and the
possible lorisiform Plesiopithecus were likely nocturnal on
the basis of orbit diameter. The adapiforms Leptadapis,
Adapis, and Notharctus, the phylogenetically enigmatic
Rooneyia, the early anthropoids Proteopithecus,
Catopithecus, and Aegyptopithecus, and early platyrrhine
Dolichocebus were likely diurnal. The activity pattern of
the platyrrhine Tremacebus is obscure. Plesiopithecus,
Pronycticebus, Microchoerus, and Necrolemur probably had
eyes that were very similar to those of extant nocturnal
primates, with a high degree of retinal summation and
rod-dominated retinae. Leptadapis and Rooneyia likely had
eyes similar to those of extant diurnal strepsirrhines, with
moderate degrees of retinal summation, a larger cone:rod
ratio than in nocturnal primates, and, more speculatively,
well-developed areae centrales similar to those of diurnal
strepsirrhines. Adapis exhibited uncharacteristically high
degrees of retinal summation for a small-eyed (likely
diurnal) primate. None of the adapiform or omomyiform taxa
for which we were able to obtain optic foramen dimensions
exhibited the extremely high visual acuity characteristic of
extant diurnal haplorhines.},
Doi = {10.1002/1096-8644(200010)113:2<235::aid-ajpa7>3.0.co;2-9},
Key = {fds240790}
}
@misc{fds240791,
Author = {Sanchez-Villagra, MR and Burnham, RJ and Campbell, DC and Feldmann,
RM and Gaffney, ES and Kay, RF and Lozsan, R and Purdy, R and Thewissen,
JGM},
Title = {A new near-shore marine fauna and flora from the early
neogene of northwestern Venezuela},
Journal = {Journal of Paleontology},
Volume = {74},
Number = {5},
Pages = {957-968},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000033126},
Abstract = {A diverse near-shore marine fauna existed during the early
Miocene in what is today an arid inland region about 90 km
south of the Caribbean coast of northern Venezuela, a poorly
known area geologically and paleontologically. The fossil
locality consists of more than 100 m of section exposed in
an area of about 1 km2. We report the discovery of 20
molluscan species, one crab (Portunus oblongus), at least
three sharks (Hemipristis serra and Carcharhinus spp.), one
turtle ('Podocnemis' venezuelensis), one crocodile
(Crocodylidae), two whales (Odontoceti) and a three
dimensional cast of the mesocarp or endocarp of a palm
fruit. Several taxa are reported for the first time in
Venezuela or in northern South America. The fauna indicates,
or at least is consistent with, an early Miocene age for the
locality, and a near-shore and shallow water marine
depositional environment. We suggest that the earliest
mammal previously reported from Venezuela, the pyrothere
Proticia venezuelensis, was collected in Miocene rocks of
the Castillo Formation instead of Eocene rocks of the
Trujillo Formation.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0022336000033126},
Key = {fds240791}
}
@misc{fds240792,
Author = {Sänchez-Villagra, MR and Kay, RF and Anaya-Daza,
F},
Title = {Cranial anatomy and palaeobiology of the Miocene marsupial
Hondalagus altiplanensis and a phylogeny of
Argyrolagids},
Journal = {Palaeontology},
Volume = {43},
Number = {2},
Pages = {287-301},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0031-0239},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4983.00127},
Abstract = {New cranial material of Hondalagus altiplanensis, from the
middle Miocene of southern Bolivia, allows a rediagnosis of
the genus and an assessment of its palaeobiology and
phylogenetic relationships with other argyrolagid
marsupials. The new specimens demonstrate several derived
(synapomorphic) cranial features shared by Hondalagus and
Argyrolagus: a globular braincase, ventrally directed
occipital condyles, a broad zygomatic arch, and a short,
deep dentary with a flat and long coronoid notch. Hondalagus
had powerful masticatory muscles and its cementum-encased
hypselodont cheek teeth suggests it had a very abrasive
diet. The deep fossae on the lateral aspect of the skull of
argyrolagids, interpreted by Simpson as large,
laterally-facing orbits, are actually sharply margined
temporal fossae. Hondalagus has a very large carotid foramen
medially situated within the suture of the basisphenoid and
basioccipital. A phylogenetic analysis of five argyrolagid
genera was conducted using 32 characters (16 cranial, 16
dental) and a didelphid and a caenolestid as outgroups.
Hondalagus-Argyrolagus-Microtragulus form a monophyletic
group with an undescribed gen. et sp. nov. (MACN-Ch-1305)
from the lower Miocene (Colhuehuapian) of Argentina as its
sister taxon. Proargyrolagus appears as sister group to the
other taxa of argyrolagids.},
Doi = {10.1111/1475-4983.00127},
Key = {fds240792}
}
@article{fds31346,
Author = {R.F. Kay},
Title = {Review of Adaptive Radiations of Neotropical
Primates},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Editor = {M. A. Norconk and A. L. Rosenberger and P. A.
Garber},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds31346}
}
@misc{fds240556,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Review of Adaptive Radiations of Neotropical Primates,
edited by M. A. Norconk, A. L. Rosenberger, and P. A.
Garber},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {21},
Pages = {325-327},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds240556}
}
@misc{fds303341,
Author = {Kay, RF and Kirk, EC},
Title = {Ostological evidence for the evolution of activity pattern
and visual acuity in primates},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {113},
Pages = {235-262},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds303341}
}
@misc{fds240557,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Teeth},
Pages = {695-703},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Evolution and Prehistory, 2nd
Edition},
Publisher = {Garland Pub. Co.},
Editor = {Delson, E and Tattersall, I and Couvering, JAV and Brooks,
A},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds240557}
}
@misc{fds240558,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Parapithecidae},
Pages = {545-548},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Evolution and Prehistory, 2nd
Edition},
Publisher = {Garland Pub. Co.},
Editor = {Delson, E and Tattersall, I and VanCouvering, JA and Brooks,
A},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds240558}
}
@misc{fds240559,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Diet},
Pages = {208-212},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Evolution and Prehistory, 2nd
Edition},
Publisher = {Garland Pub. Co.},
Editor = {Delson, E and Tattersall, I and VanCouvering, JA and Brooks,
A},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds240559}
}
@misc{fds240560,
Author = {Kay, RF and Delson, E},
Title = {Oligopithecidae},
Pages = {490-493},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Evolution and Prehistory, 2nd
Edition},
Publisher = {Garland Pub. Co.},
Editor = {Delson, E and Tattersall, I and VanCouvering, JA and Brooks,
A},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds240560}
}
@misc{fds240562,
Author = {Kay, RF and Van Couvering and JA},
Title = {Fayum},
Pages = {265-267},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Evolution and Prehistory, 2nd
Edition},
Publisher = {Garland Pub. Co},
Editor = {Delson, E and Tattersall, I and VanCouvering, JA and Brooks,
A},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds240562}
}
@misc{fds240563,
Author = {Van Couvering and JA and Kay, RF},
Title = {Oligocene},
Series = {2nd Edition},
Pages = {489-490},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Evolution and Prehistory, 2nd
Edition},
Publisher = {Garland Pub. Co},
Editor = {Delson, E and Tattersall, I and VanCouvering, JA and Brooks,
A},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds240563}
}
@misc{fds240780,
Author = {Kay, RF and Madden, RH and Vucetich, MG and Carlini, AA and Mazzoni, MM and Re, GH and Heizler, M and Sandeman, H},
Title = {Revised geochronology of the Casamayoran South American Land
Mammal Age: climatic and biotic implications.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {96},
Number = {23},
Pages = {13235-13240},
Year = {1999},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10557304},
Abstract = {Isotopic age determinations (40Ar/39Ar) and associated
magnetic polarity stratigraphy for Casamayoran age fauna at
Gran Barranca (Chubut, Argentina) indicate that the
Barrancan "subage" of the Casamayoran South American Land
Mammal "Age" is late Eocene, 18 to 20 million years younger
than hitherto supposed. Correlations of the
radioisotopically dated magnetic polarity stratigraphy at
Gran Barranca with the Cenozoic geomagnetic polarity time
scale indicate that Barrancan faunal levels at the Gran
Barranca date to within the magnetochronologic interval from
35.34 to 36.62 megannums (Ma) or 35. 69 to 37.60 Ma. This
age revision constrains the timing of an adaptive shift in
mammalian herbivores toward hypsodonty. Specifically, the
appearance of large numbers of hypsodont taxa in South
America occurred sometime between 36 and 32 Ma (late
Eocene-early Oligocene), at approximately the same time that
other biotic and geologic evidence has suggested the
Southern high latitudes experienced climatic cooling
associated with Antarctic glaciation.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.96.23.13235},
Key = {fds240780}
}
@misc{fds240665,
Author = {Kay, RF and Madden, RH and Mazzoni, M and Vucetich, MG and Re, G and Heizler, M and Sandeman, H},
Title = {The oldest Argentine primates: first age determinations for
the Colhuehuapian South American Land Mammal
'Age'.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Series = {Supplement 28},
Pages = {166-166},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000079607500239&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240665}
}
@misc{fds240552,
Author = {Carlini, AA and Vucetich, MG and Mazzoni, M and Zucol, A and Ré, GH and Vilas, JFA and Kay, RF and Madden, RH and Heizler,
M},
Title = {Implications of the late Eocene age of the casamayoran fauna
at Gran Barranca, Patagonia.},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {19, Suppl to #3},
Pages = {35A},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds240552}
}
@misc{fds240553,
Author = {Kay, RF and Johnson, DJ and Meldrum, DJ},
Title = {Proteropithecia, new name for Propithecia Kay, Johnson and
Meldrum, 1998 non Vojnits 1985},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {47},
Pages = {347},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds240553}
}
@misc{fds240554,
Author = {Williams, SH and Kay, RF},
Title = {A comparative test of competing adaptive explanations for
hypsodonty in ungulates and rodents},
Journal = {Programa y Resúmenes, Evolución Neotropical del
Cenozoico,La Paz, Bolivia},
Series = {Programa y Resúmenes, Evolución Neotropical del
Cenozoico,La Paz, Bolivia},
Pages = {46},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds240554}
}
@misc{fds240555,
Author = {Zack, S and Kay, RF and Madden, RH},
Title = {New notoungulates from the Paleogene at Vilcapujio,
Bolivia},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {19, Suppl to #3},
Pages = {86A},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds240555}
}
@misc{fds240696,
Author = {Kay, RFD and Johnson, D and Meldrum, DJ},
Title = {Erratum: A new pitheciin primate from the middle Miocene of
Argentina (American Journal of Primatology (1998) 45
(317-336))},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {47},
Number = {4},
Pages = {347-},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1999},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1999)47:4<347::AID-AJP6>3.0.CO;2-O},
Doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1999)47:4<347::AID-AJP6>3.0.CO;2-O},
Key = {fds240696}
}
@misc{fds240754,
Author = {Kay, RF and Johnson, DJ and Meldrum, DJ},
Title = {Proteropithecia, new name for Propithecia},
Journal = {American Juurnal of Primatology},
Volume = {47},
Pages = {347},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds240754}
}
@misc{fds240726,
Author = {Ross, C and Williams, B and Kay, RF},
Title = {Phylogenetic analysis of anthropoid relationships.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {35},
Number = {3},
Pages = {221-306},
Year = {1998},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhev.1998.0254},
Abstract = {The relationships of anthropoids to other primates are
currently debated, as are the relationships among early
fossil anthropoids and crown anthropoids. To resolve these
issues, data on 291 morphological characters were collected
for 57 taxa of living and fossil primates and analyzed using
PAUP and MacClade. The dental evidence provides weak support
for the notion of an adapid origin for anthropoids, the
cranial evidence supports the tarsier-anthropoid hypothesis,
and the postcranial evidence supports a monophyletic
Prosimii and a monophyletic Anthropoidea. Combining these
data into a single data set produces almost universal
support for a tarsier-anthropoid clade nested within
omomyids. Eosimias and Afrotarsius are certainly members of
this clade, and probably basal anthropoids, although the
Shanghuang petrosal may not belong to Eosimias. The tree
derived from the combined data set resembles the tree
derived from the cranial data set rather than the larger
dental data set. This may be attributable to relatively
slower evolution in the cranial characters. The combined
data set shows Anthropoidea to be monophyletic but the
features traditionally held to be anthropoid synapomorphies
are found to have evolved mosaically. Parapithecines are the
sister taxon to crown anthropoids; qatraniines and
oligopithecids are more distantly related sister taxa. There
is support for a relationship of a Tarsius + Anthropoidea
clade with either washakiines on Uintanius. These elements
of tree topology remain fairly stable under different
assumptions sets, but overall, tree topology is not robust.
Previously divergent hypotheses regarding anthropoid
relationships are attributable to the use of restricted data
sets. This large data set enables the adapid-anthropoid
hypothesis to be rejected, and unites Tarsius, Anthropoidea
and Omomyiformes within a clade, Haplorhini. However,
relationships among these three taxa cannot be convincingly
resolved at present.},
Doi = {10.1006/jhev.1998.0254},
Key = {fds240726}
}
@misc{fds240779,
Author = {Kay, RF and Cartmill, M and Balow, M},
Title = {The hypoglossal canal and the origin of human vocal
behavior.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {95},
Number = {9},
Pages = {5417-5419},
Year = {1998},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9560291},
Abstract = {The mammalian hypoglossal canal transmits the nerve that
supplies the muscles of the tongue. This canal is absolutely
and relatively larger in modern humans than it is in the
African apes (Pan and Gorilla). We hypothesize that the
human tongue is supplied more richly with motor nerves than
are those of living apes and propose that canal size in
fossil hominids may provide an indication about the motor
coordination of the tongue and reflect the evolution of
speech and language. Canals of gracile Australopithecus, and
possibly Homo habilis, fall within the range of extant Pan
and are significantly smaller than those of modern Homo. The
canals of Neanderthals and an early "modern" Homo sapiens
(Skhul 5), as well as of African and European middle
Pleistocene Homo (Kabwe and Swanscombe), fall within the
range of extant Homo and are significantly larger than those
of Pan troglodytes. These anatomical findings suggest that
the vocal capabilities of Neanderthals were the same as
those of humans today. Furthermore, the vocal abilities of
Australopithecus were not advanced significantly over those
of chimpanzees whereas those of Homo may have been
essentially modern by at least 400,000 years ago. Thus,
human vocal abilities may have appeared much earlier in time
than the first archaeological evidence for symbolic
behavior.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.95.9.5417},
Key = {fds240779}
}
@misc{fds240724,
Author = {Kay, RF and Macfadden, BJ and Madden, RH and Sandeman, H and Anaya,
F},
Title = {Revised age of the salla beds, Bolivia, and its bearing on
the age of the deseadan South American land mammal
“age”},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {18},
Number = {1},
Pages = {189-199},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1998.10011043},
Abstract = {The Salla beds of Bolivia contain a mammalian faunal
assemblage assigned to the Deseadan South American Land
Mammal “Age” (SALMA), known elsewhere principally in
Patagonia. The earliest platyrrhine monkey Branisella comes
from a single stratigraphie level in these beds. The age of
the Salla beds is debated; new radiometrie dates constrain
the age of the Deseadan SALMA in Bolivia and clarify the
timing of the first record of platyrrhines in South America.
The oldest vertebrate fossils from the Salla beds are
contained within the magnetic polarity interval ClOr,
between 28.8 and 29.4 Ma. The youngest fossils occur above
the 275 m ash in Chron C7Ar, between 25.65 to 25.82 Ma. The
best known faunas, including those of the Branisella level,
come from several localities within Chron C8 (25.82 to 27.02
Ma). If the recent suggestion by Flynn and S wisher (1995)
that redating indicates that the Deseadan in Patagonia spans
only about 27 to 29 Ma, then the bulk of the Salla fauna is
younger than that of Patagonia. © 1998 by the society of
vertebrate paleontology.},
Doi = {10.1080/02724634.1998.10011043},
Key = {fds240724}
}
@misc{fds240725,
Author = {Kay, RF and Johnson, D and Meldrum, DJ},
Title = {A new pitheciin primate from the middle Miocene of
Argentina.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {45},
Number = {4},
Pages = {317-336},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9702279},
Abstract = {We report here a new fossil primate from the middle Miocene
of Argentina. The material consists of isolated teeth,
mandibular fragments, and a talus. The fossils were
collected in the Collón Cura formation at Cañadón del
Tordillo in Neuquén Province. An age of 15.71 +/- 0.07 Ma
has been reported for the Pilcaniyeu Ignimbrite, which lies
just below the paleosols in which the fossils were found.
This material is thus the youngest occurrence of fossil
primates in Argentina (hitherto documented in the
Santacrucian and older land mammal ages) but still is older
than the middle Miocene platyrrhine primates from La Venta,
Colombia, in particular the pitheciins Nuciruptor and
Cebupithecia. The material is recognized as a new genus and
species of Pitheciinae, Propithecia neuquenensis. The
mesiodistally compressed, high-crowned incisors are
specialized and similar to species in the tribe Pithecini
and to the nonpitheciin Soriacebus (early Miocene,
Patagonia). We rule out a phylogenetic relationship to the
latter because of differences in molar morphology.
Propithecia does, however, fit well into the pattern of
pitheciin evolution, being more derived than the middle
Miocene pitheciin Nuciruptor but not as much as another
middle Miocene taxon, Cebupithecia. As such, this makes
Propithecia the oldest taxon that can be confidently placed
within this modern New World monkey subfamily. By analogy
with the molar structures and diets of extant platyrrhines,
Propithecia has a molar structure consistent with a variety
of low-fiber diets ranging from fruit and gum to seeds. Its
incisors suggest seed-eating in much the same way as extant
pitheciins, like Pithecia. The talus resembles that of
Callicebus, suggesting arboreal quadrupedal
locomotion.},
Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1098-2345(1998)45:4<317::aid-ajp1>3.0.co;2-z},
Key = {fds240725}
}
@article{fds182119,
Author = {Madden, R.H. and R.F. Kay and M.G. Vucetich and M.M. Mazzoni and G.H.
Re, M. Heizler and H. Sandeman},
Title = {Geochronologic age of the Casamayoran fauna at Gran
Barranca, Chubut Province, Argentina},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds182119}
}
@misc{fds240549,
Author = {Gonzalez, WG and Kay, RF and Kirk, EC},
Title = {Optic canal and orbit size-- implications for the origins of
diurnality and visual acuity in primates},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {Suppl 26},
Pages = {87},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds240549}
}
@misc{fds240551,
Author = {Kay, RF and Cartmill, M and Balow, M},
Title = {The hypoglossal canal and the origins of human vocal
behavior},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {Suppl. 26},
Pages = {137},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds240551}
}
@article{fds240550,
Author = {Heizler, M and Kay, RF and Madden, RH and Mazzzoni, MM and Re, G and Sandeman, H and Vucetich, MG},
Title = {Geochronologic age of the casamayoran fauna at Gran
Barranca, Chubut Province, Argentina},
Journal = {Congreso Argentino de Paleontologia y Biostratigrafia},
Volume = {VII},
Series = {Congreso Argentino de Paleontologia y Biostratigrafia},
Pages = {89},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds240550}
}
@misc{fds304456,
Author = {Kay, RF and Ross, C and Williams, BA and Johnson,
D},
Title = {Cladistic analysis and anthropoid origins -
Response},
Journal = {SCIENCE},
Volume = {278},
Number = {5346},
Pages = {2135-2136},
Publisher = {AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE},
Year = {1997},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1997YM23500057&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds304456}
}
@misc{fds240778,
Author = {Kay, RF and Madden, RH and Van Schaik and C and Higdon,
D},
Title = {Primate species richness is determined by plant
productivity: implications for conservation.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {94},
Number = {24},
Pages = {13023-13027},
Year = {1997},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9371793},
Abstract = {The explanation of patterns in species richness ranks among
the most important tasks of ecology. Current theories
emphasize the interaction between historical and
geographical factors affecting the size of the regional
species pool and of locally acting processes such as
competitive exclusion, disturbance, productivity, and
seasonality. Local species richness, or alpha diversity, of
plants and primary consumers has been claimed to peak in
habitats of low and intermediate productivity, which, if
true, has major implications for conservation. Here, by
contrast, we show that local richness of Neotropical
primates (platyrrhines) is influenced by both historical
biogeography and productivity but not by tree species
richness or seasonality. This pattern indicates that
habitats with the highest plant productivity are also the
richest for many important primary consumers. We show
further that fragmentation of Amazonian rain forests in the
Pleistocene, if it occurred, appears to have had a
negligible influence on primate alpha species
richness.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.94.24.13023},
Key = {fds240778}
}
@misc{fds240718,
Author = {Meldrum, DJ and Kay, RF},
Title = {Nuciruptor rubricae, a new pitheciin seed predator from the
Miocene of Colombia.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {102},
Number = {3},
Pages = {407-427},
Year = {1997},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199703)102:3<407::aid-ajpa8>3.0.co;2},
Abstract = {A new genus and species of platyrrhine primate, Nuciruptor
rubricae, are added to the increasingly diverse primate
fauna from the middle Miocene of La Venta, Columbia. This
species displays a number of dental and gnathic features
indicating that it is related to living and extinct
Pitheciinae (extant Callicebus, Pithecia, Chiropotes,
Cacajao, and the Colombian middle Miocene Cebupithecia
sarmientoi). Nuciruptor is markedly more derived than
Callicebus but possesses a less derived mandibular form and
incisor-canine complex than extant and extinct pitheciins
(Cebupithecia, Pithecia, Chiropotes, and Cacajao),
suggesting that it is a primitive member of the tribe
Pitheciini within the larger monophyletic Pitheciinae.
Nuciruptor has procumbent and moderately elongate lower
incisors and low-crowned molars, suggesting that is was a
seed predator, as are living pitheciins. Its estimated body
size of approximately 2.0 kg places it within the size range
of extant pitheciines. The dental and gnathic morphology of
Nuciruptor clarifies several aspects of dental character
evolution in Pitheciinae and makes it less likely that the
enigmatic Mohanamico hershkovitzi (m. Miocene, Columbia) is
a pitheciin.},
Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199703)102:3<407::aid-ajpa8>3.0.co;2},
Key = {fds240718}
}
@misc{fds240720,
Author = {Kay, RF and Ross, C and Williams, BA},
Title = {Anthropoid origins.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {275},
Number = {5301},
Pages = {797-804},
Year = {1997},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9012340},
Abstract = {Recent fossil discoveries have greatly increased our
knowledge of the morphology and diversity of early
Anthropoidea, the suborder to which humans belong.
Phylogenetic analysis of Recent and fossil taxa supports the
hypotheses that a haplorhine-strepsirrhine dichotomy existed
at least at the time of the earliest record of fossil
primates (earliest Eocene) and that eosimiids (middle
Eocene, China) are primitive anthropoids. Functional
analysis suggests that stem haplorhines were small,
nocturnal, arboreal, visually oriented insectivore-frugivores
with a scurrying-leaping locomotion. A change from
nocturnality to diurnality was the fundamental adaptive
shift that occurred at the base of the tarsier-eosimiid-anthropoid
clade. Stem anthropoids remained small diurnal arborealists
but adopted locomotor patterns with more arboreal
quadrupedalism and less leaping. A shift to a more
herbivorous diet occurred in several anthropoid
lineages.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.275.5301.797},
Key = {fds240720}
}
@misc{fds240721,
Author = {Kay, RF and Madden, RH},
Title = {Mammals and rainfall: paleoecology of the middle Miocene at
La Venta (Colombia, South America).},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {32},
Number = {2-3},
Pages = {161-199},
Year = {1997},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9061556},
Abstract = {A comparison of the species richness and macroniche
composition of diet, locomotor and body-size classes among
16 nonvolant mammalian faunas in tropical South America
reveals numerous significant positive correlations with
rainfall. In particular, significant and strong positive
correlations with rainfall are found in 18 attributes,
including the number of nonvolant mammal species, number of
primate species, number of frugivores, primary consumers,
arborealists, and the number of species between 100 g to 10
kg in body weight. Estimates of annual rainfall derived from
least-squares and polynomial regressions and principal
components analysis yield a modal estimate of between 1500
and 2000 mm annual rainfall for the Monkey Beds assemblage
at La Venta. This level of rainfall is associated today with
the transition between savanna and forest environments in
lowland equatorial South America. Paleontological evidence
strongly suggests the presence of forest biotopes at La
Venta. Paleontologic and sedimentologic evidence together
indicate a dynamic and heterogeneous riparian mosaic
associated with the shifting course of meandering rivers.
Faunal evidence also suggests that habitat heterogeneity and
canopy discontinuity extended into the interfluvial area.
Seasonal rainfall was probably only of secondary importance
in shaping the structural and spatial configuration of the
dominantly forested mosaic habitat at La Venta. The fossil
record is not consistent with the presence of extensive
primary or undisturbed, continuous-canopy, evergreen
tropical rainforest. The reconstructed middle Miocene
environment at La Venta differs significantly from modern
environments of similar geography on the piedmont east of
the Andes at the same latitude. This in turn suggests that
the extensive evergreen rainforests of the upper Amazonian
piedmont that today receive more than 4000 mm of rainfall
may post-date the initiation of Andean uplift.},
Doi = {10.1006/jhev.1996.0104},
Key = {fds240721}
}
@misc{fds240717,
Author = {Sánchez-Villagra, MR and Kay, RF},
Title = {A skull of proargyrolagus, the oldest argyrolagid (late
oligocene salla beds, bolivia), with brief comments
concerning its paleobiology},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {17},
Number = {4},
Pages = {717-724},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1997.10011019},
Abstract = {A skull of the oldest described argyrolagid, Proargyrolagus
bolivianus (late Oligocene of the Salla Beds, Bolivia)
allows an assessment of the phylogeny of this group and a
reconstruction of its paleobiology. Several aspects of the
cranial anatomy of the Monodelphis-sized Proargyrolagus
serve to support the hypothesis that argyrolagids are
marsupials: the palate has large vacuities, the angular
process is medially inflected, the auditory bulla is
composed of a wing of the alisphenoid, and the dental
formula includes four molars. Like Argentine
Plio-Pleistocene argyrolagids, Proargyrolagus has an unfused
symphysis, and a phaneric and almost vertically oriented
ectotympanic in the shape of a flattened ring.
Proargyrolagus is more primitive in having a less globular
braincase, smaller orbits, and a shallower mandible. The
dental formula is 4/3.1/1.3/2.4/4 or 4/4.1/0.3/2.4/4 (vs.
2/2.0/0.1/1.4/4 for Argyrolagus). Large infraorbital
foramina transmitted nerves and vessels of the snout. The
snout is long with the nasals projecting well forward of the
incisors and with a strong antorbital fossa for facial
muscles. It can be inferred that this animal had
well-developed vibrissae and a mobile proboscis, and relied
heavily on its rostrum to gather tactile information. Food
manipulation was assisted by an elongate, procumbent lower
incisor that occluded with three sharply-edged upper
incisors, as in living phalangeriform marsupials. Like
Plio-Pleistocene argyrolagids and extant elephant shrews,
Proargyrolagus has prismatic and high crowned cheek teeth
suggesting an abrasive diet consisting perhaps of seeds. ©
1997 by the society of vertebrate paleontology.},
Doi = {10.1080/02724634.1997.10011019},
Key = {fds240717}
}
@misc{fds182122,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and D.J. Meldrum},
Title = {A new small platyrrhine and the phyletic position of
Callitrichinae},
Pages = {435-458},
Booktitle = {Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics},
Publisher = {Smithsonian Institution Press: Washington,
D.C.},
Editor = {R.F. Kay and et al.},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds182122}
}
@book{fds240543,
Author = {Kay, RF and Madden, RH and Ciffeli, RL and Flynn,
JJ},
Title = {Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics.},
Pages = {592},
Publisher = {Smithsonian Institution Press},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds240543}
}
@misc{fds240539,
Author = {Allmendinger, RW and Jordan, TE and Kay, SM and Isacks,
BL},
Title = {The evolution of the Altiplano-Puna Plateau of the central
Andes},
Journal = {Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences},
Volume = {25},
Pages = {139-174},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds240539}
}
@misc{fds240695,
Author = {Melrum, DJ and Kay, RF},
Title = {Erratum: Nuciruptor rubicae, a new pitheciin seed predator
from the miocene of Colombia (American Journal of Physical
Anthropology (1997) 102 (407-427))},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {104},
Number = {1},
Pages = {153-},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1997},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199709)104:1<153::AID-AJPA11>3.0.CO;},
Doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199709)104:1<153::AID-AJPA11>3.0.CO;},
Key = {fds240695}
}
@misc{fds240719,
Author = {Kay, RF and Ross, C and Williams, BA and Johnson,
D},
Title = {Cladistic analysis and Anthropoid Origins, reply to Block et
al.},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {278},
Number = {5346},
Pages = {2135-2136},
Year = {1997},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1997YM23500057&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240719}
}
@misc{fds240540,
Author = {Fleagle, JG and Kay, RF},
Title = {Platyrrhines, catarrhines and the fossil
record},
Pages = {3-24},
Booktitle = {New World Primates: Ecology, Evolution and
Behavior},
Publisher = {Aldine},
Editor = {Kinzey, WG},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds240540}
}
@misc{fds240541,
Author = {Fleagle, JG and Kay, RF and Anthony, MRL},
Title = {Fossil New World monkeys},
Pages = {473-495},
Booktitle = {Mammalian Evolution in the Neotropics},
Publisher = {Smithsonian Institution Press},
Editor = {Kay, RF and Madden, RH and Cifelli, RL and Flynn,
JJ},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds240541}
}
@misc{fds240542,
Author = {Kay, RF and Madden, RH},
Title = {Paleogeography and paleoecology},
Pages = {520-550},
Booktitle = {Mammalian Evolution in the Neotropics},
Publisher = {Smithsonian Institution Press},
Editor = {Kay, RF and Madden, RH and Cifelli, RL and Flynn,
JJ},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds240542}
}
@misc{fds240544,
Author = {Kay, RF and Meldrum, DJ},
Title = {A new small platyrrhine from the Miocene of Colombia and the
phyletic position of Callitrichinae},
Pages = {435-458},
Booktitle = {Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics},
Publisher = {Smithsonian Institution Press},
Editor = {Kay, RF and Madden, RH and Cifelli, RL and Flynn,
JJ},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds240544}
}
@misc{fds240546,
Author = {Kay, RF and Ungar, P},
Title = {Dental evidence for diet in some Miocene catarrhines with
comments on the effects of phylogeny on the interpretation
of adaptation},
Pages = {131-151},
Booktitle = {Function, Phylogeny and Fossils: Miocene Hominoids and Great
Ape and Human Origins},
Publisher = {Plenum Press},
Editor = {Begun, DR and Ward, C and Rose, M},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds240546}
}
@misc{fds240547,
Author = {Madden, RH and Guerrero, J and Kay, RF and Flynn, JJ and Swisher III,
CC and Walton, AH},
Title = {The Laventan Stage and Laventan Age: New chronostratigraphic
and geochronologic units for the Miocene of South
America},
Pages = {499-519},
Booktitle = {Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics.},
Publisher = {Smithsonian Institution Press},
Editor = {Kay, RF and Madden, RH and Cifelli, RL and Flynn,
JJ},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds240547}
}
@misc{fds240548,
Author = {Meldrum, DJ and Kay, RF},
Title = {The postcranial skeleton of Miocene platyrrhine
primates},
Pages = {459-472},
Booktitle = {Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics},
Publisher = {Smithsonian Institution Press},
Editor = {Kay, RF and Madden, RH and Cifelli, RL and Flynn,
JJ},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds240548}
}
@article{fds240545,
Author = {Kay, RF and Sanchez-Villagra, MR},
Title = {Skull of Hondalagus, an argyrolagid marsupial from the
Middle Miocene of Bolivia},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds240545}
}
@misc{fds240643,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Colobine monkeys. Their ecology, behavior and evolution -
Davies,AG, Gates,JF},
Journal = {SCIENCE},
Volume = {271},
Number = {5246},
Pages = {156-157},
Publisher = {AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE},
Year = {1996},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1996TP36400024&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240643}
}
@misc{fds240727,
Author = {Sánchez-Vittagra, MR and Kay, RF},
Title = {Do phalangeriforms (Marsupialia: Diprotodontia) have a
'hypocone'?},
Journal = {Australian Journal of Zoology},
Volume = {44},
Number = {5},
Pages = {461-467},
Publisher = {CSIRO PUBLISHING},
Year = {1996},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9960461},
Abstract = {The identity of some molar cusps of phalangeriform
marsupials has been debated, particularly the distolingual
cusp of the upper molars, called the metaconule or hypocone
by different workers. Here, we examine the molar teeth of
two eutherian and two phalangeriform taxa to reconstruct the
positions of cusps and crests during the masticatory cycle.
The major cusp on the distolingual corner of the upper cheek
teeth of Trichosurus and Pseudocheirus occludes with lower
molars in a manner analogous to the hypocone of Saimiri
(Recent, Eutheria, Primates), and not to the metaconule of
Didelphodus (Eocene, Eutheria, Insectivora). Both
topographical and functional criteria support the
identification of the distolingual cusp of the upper molar
of phalangeriforms as a hypocone rather than a metaconule as
previously proposed.},
Doi = {10.1071/zo9960461},
Key = {fds240727}
}
@misc{fds240533,
Author = {Carlini, A.A. and R.H. Madden and G. López and R.F. Kay and M.G.
Vucetich, M. Bond and T. Jordan},
Title = {Nuevos mamíferos de la Formación Chinches (Mioceno) de la
Cordillera Frontal de San Juan, Argentina},
Journal = {Resúmenes, XII Jornadas Argentinas de Paleontología de
Vertebrados (La Pampa, May 1996)},
Series = {XIII Jornadas Argeninas de Paleontologia de Vertebrados,
Resumenes},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds240533}
}
@misc{fds240537,
Author = {Teaford, MF and Ungar, PS and Kay, RF and Leakey,
MG},
Title = {The evolution of diet in Old World monkeys},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {Suppl. 22},
Pages = {227},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds240537}
}
@misc{fds303340,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Review of Colobine Monkeys. Their ecology, behavior and
evolution by A.G. Davies and J.F. Oates},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {271},
Pages = {156-157},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds303340}
}
@article{fds240535,
Author = {Kay, RF and Johnson, DD},
Title = {New platyrrhines from the middle Miocene of
Argentina},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {Suppl. 22},
Pages = {136-137},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds240535}
}
@article{fds240536,
Author = {Kay, RF and Madden, RH and Mazzoni, MM},
Title = {Calibraciones de edades mamifero en la Gran Barranca del
Lago Colhue Huapi, Provincia del Chubut,
Argentina.},
Journal = {Simposio “Paleogeno de América del Sur". B.
Aires},
Volume = {1 Octubre de 1996},
Series = {Simposio “Paleogeno de América del Sur", B.
Aires},
Pages = {14},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds240536}
}
@article{fds240538,
Author = {Ungar, PS and Kay, RF and Teaford, MF and Walker,
A},
Title = {Dental evidence for diets of Miocene apes},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {Suppl. 22},
Pages = {232-233},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds240538}
}
@misc{fds240772,
Author = {Ungar, PS and Kay, RF},
Title = {The dietary adaptations of European Miocene
catarrhines.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {92},
Number = {12},
Pages = {5479-5481},
Year = {1995},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7777533},
Abstract = {European Miocene "apes" have been known for nearly a century
and a half but their phylogenetic significance is only now
becoming apparent with the recent discovery of many
relatively complete remains. Some appear to be close in time
and morphology to the last common ancestor of modern great
apes and humans. The current study is an attempt to
reconstruct the diets of these fossils on the basis of
quantitative data. Results suggest that these primates
varied more greatly in their diets than modern apes, with
adaptations ranging from hard-object feeding to soft-object
frugivory to folivory.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.92.12.5479},
Key = {fds240772}
}
@misc{fds240626,
Author = {Sanchez-Villagra, MR and Kay, RF},
Title = {A SKULL OF PROARGYROLAGUS. THE OLDEST ARGYROLAGID (EARLY
MIOCENE SALLA BEDS, BOLIVIA)},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY},
Volume = {15},
Pages = {51A-52A},
Publisher = {TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0272-4634},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000208959500248&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240626}
}
@misc{fds240627,
Author = {Kay, RF and MacFadden, BJ and Madden, RH and Anaya, F and Farrar,
E},
Title = {NEW RADIOMETRIC DATES CONFIRM LATE OLIGOCENE AGE OF DESEADAN
SALLA BEDS, BOLIVIA AND THE OLDEST KNOWN SOUTH AMERICAN
PRIMATE},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY},
Volume = {15},
Pages = {38A-38A},
Publisher = {TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0272-4634},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000208959500158&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240627}
}
@article{fds182263,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and B.J. McFadden and R.H. Madden and F. Anaya and E.
Farrar},
Title = {New radiomentric dates confirm late Oligocene age of
Deseadan Salla beds, Bolivia, and the oldest known South
American primate},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {15 (Suppl. 3)},
Pages = {38A},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds182263}
}
@misc{fds240532,
Author = {Ungar, PS and Kay, RF},
Title = {Molar Shear and dietary adaptations of European Miocene
catarrhines},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {Suppl. 20},
Pages = {214},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds240532}
}
@article{fds240531,
Author = {Kay, RF and Williams, BA},
Title = {Recent finds of monkeys from the Oligocene/Miocene of Salla,
Bolivia},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {Suppl. 20},
Pages = {124},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds240531}
}
@misc{fds303348,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {"Giant" tamarin from the Miocene of Colombia.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {95},
Number = {3},
Pages = {333-353},
Year = {1994},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7856767},
Abstract = {A nearly complete but badly crushed skull and mandible of
Lagonimico conclucatus, gen. et sp. nov. is described from
the La Victoria Formation, Colombia. The specimen is of
middle Miocene age and dates from about 13.5 Ma. Features of
the dentition suggest Lagonimico is a sister group to living
Callitrichinae (Saguinus, Leontopithecus, Callithrix, and
Cebuella). These features include having elongate compressed
lower incisors, a reduced P2 lingual moiety, and the absence
of upper molar hypocones. The new taxon also has
autapomorphies, such as a relatively deep jaw, that rule it
out of the direct ancestry of any living callitrichine. This
animal is assigned to a new tribe of the callitrichine
clade. The orbits of L. conclucatus are small, suggesting
diurnal habits. Inflated, low-crowned (bunodont) cheek teeth
with short, rounded shearing crests, as well as premolar
simplification and M3 size reduction, suggest fruit- or
gum-eating adaptations, as among many living callitrichines.
Procumbent and slightly elongate lower incisors suggest this
species could use its front teeth as a gouge, perhaps for
harvesting tree gum. Estimates from jaw size suggest
Lagonimico weighed about 1,200 g, about the size of
Callicebus, the living titi monkey of South America. Judged
from tooth size and jaw length, Lagonimico would have been
slightly smaller than Callicebus, but still larger than
Callimico or any living callitrichine. Therefore, many of
the distinctive anatomical features of the callitrichine
clade, sometimes explained by phyletic dwarfing, may have
evolved at larger body size. Evolutionary size reduction may
have occurred in parallel in callitrichines and
Callimico.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330950305},
Key = {fds303348}
}
@misc{fds240722,
Author = {Williams, BA and Kay, RF},
Title = {The taxon anthropoidea and the crown clade
concept},
Journal = {Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and
Reviews},
Volume = {3},
Number = {6},
Pages = {188-190},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1994},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.1360030603},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.1360030603},
Key = {fds240722}
}
@misc{fds182139,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and B.A. Williams},
Title = {Dental evidence for anthropoid origins., in Anthropoid
Origins},
Pages = {361-446},
Publisher = {Plenum Press: New York},
Editor = {J.G. Fleagle and R.F. Kay},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds182139}
}
@misc{fds182140,
Author = {Fleagle, J.G. and R.F. Kay},
Title = {Anthropoid origins: Past, present, and future., in
Anthropoid Origins},
Volume = {675-698},
Publisher = {Plenum Press: New York},
Editor = {J.G. Fleagle and R.F. Kay},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds182140}
}
@book{fds240622,
Author = {Fleagle, JG and Kay, RF},
Title = {Anthropoid Origins: The Fossil Evidence},
Pages = {708},
Publisher = {Plenum Press},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds240622}
}
@misc{fds240527,
Author = {Kay, RF and Madden, RH},
Title = {An overview of the paleogeography and paleoecology of the La
Venta region},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {Suppl. 18},
Pages = {120},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds240527}
}
@misc{fds240529,
Author = {Kay, RF and Williams, BA},
Title = {Cladistics, computers, and character analysis.},
Journal = {Evolutionary Anthropology},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {32-35},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds240529}
}
@misc{fds240730,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {"Giant" Tamarin from the Miocene of Colombia},
Journal = {American Journal of Physcial Anthropology},
Volume = {13},
Number = {3},
Pages = {34-48},
Year = {1994},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7856767},
Abstract = {A nearly complete but badly crushed skull and mandible of
Lagonimico conclucatus, gen. et sp. nov. is described from
the La Victoria Formation, Colombia. The specimen is of
middle Miocene age and dates from about 13.5 Ma. Features of
the dentition suggest Lagonimico is a sister group to living
Callitrichinae (Saguinus, Leontopithecus, Callithrix, and
Cebuella). These features include having elongate compressed
lower incisors, a reduced P2 lingual moiety, and the absence
of upper molar hypocones. The new taxon also has
autapomorphies, such as a relatively deep jaw, that rule it
out of the direct ancestry of any living callitrichine. This
animal is assigned to a new tribe of the callitrichine
clade. The orbits of L. conclucatus are small, suggesting
diurnal habits. Inflated, low-crowned (bunodont) cheek teeth
with short, rounded shearing crests, as well as premolar
simplification and M3 size reduction, suggest fruit- or
gum-eating adaptations, as among many living callitrichines.
Procumbent and slightly elongate lower incisors suggest this
species could use its front teeth as a gouge, perhaps for
harvesting tree gum. Estimates from jaw size suggest
Lagonimico weighed about 1,200 g, about the size of
Callicebus, the living titi monkey of South America. Judged
from tooth size and jaw length, Lagonimico would have been
slightly smaller than Callicebus, but still larger than
Callimico or any living callitrichine. Therefore, many of
the distinctive anatomical features of the callitrichine
clade, sometimes explained by phyletic dwarfing, may have
evolved at larger body size. Evolutionary size reduction may
have occurred in parallel in callitrichines and
Callimico.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330950305},
Key = {fds240730}
}
@misc{fds240526,
Author = {Fleagle, JG and Kay, RF},
Title = {Anthropoid origins: past, present, and future.},
Pages = {675-698},
Booktitle = {Anthropoid Origins: The Fossil Evidence},
Publisher = {Plenum Press},
Editor = {Fleagle, JG and Kay, RF},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds240526}
}
@misc{fds240528,
Author = {Kay, RF and Williams, BA},
Title = {Dental evidence for anthropoid origins.},
Pages = {361-446},
Booktitle = {Anthropoid Origins: The Fossil Evidence},
Publisher = {Plenum Press},
Editor = {Fleagle, JG and Kay, RF},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds240528}
}
@article{fds240530,
Author = {Madden, RH and Guerrero, J and Kay, RF and Flynn, JJ and Swisher/III,
CC and Walton, AH},
Title = {The Laventan Stage and Laventan Age; New Chronostratigraphic
and geochronologic units for the Miocene of South
America},
Volume = {April 3-8, 1994},
Series = {VI Argentine Congress of Paleontol. and Biostratigraphy,
Trelew-Chubut, Argentina},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds240530}
}
@misc{fds240777,
Author = {Kay, RF and Frailey, CD},
Title = {Fossil platyrrhines from the Rio Acre local fauna, late
Miocene, western Amazonia},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {25},
Number = {4},
Pages = {319-327},
Year = {1993},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhev.1993.1051},
Abstract = {In September, 1977 and July, 1979, fossil vertebrates were
collected at several localities along the Rio Acre west of
Inapari, Peru on the border between Brazil and the
Departamento de Madre de Dios, Peru, and also between Brazil
and Departamento de Pando, Bolivia (approximate coordinates,
10°50′S, 69°50′W). The fauna from these localities is
assigned to the late Miocene Huayquerian Land Mammal Age
(ca. 9-6 Ma). On a synopsis of the mammalian remains from
these localities, Frailey (1986) mentions one specimen, LACM
117501, a right lower molar, as a possible marsupial, of
indeterminate family. Further comparisons now demonstrate
that this specimen should be provisionally assigned to the
Colombian monkey genus Stirtonia from the middle Miocene La
Venta fauna. Another very large primate tooth discovered at
a different locality, probably a cebine, is here described
for the first time. These are the first recorded occurrences
of platyrrhine primates between approximately 12 and 1
million years ago. -from Authors},
Doi = {10.1006/jhev.1993.1051},
Key = {fds240777}
}
@misc{fds240773,
Author = {Anthony, MRL and Kay, RF},
Title = {Tooth form and diet in ateline and alouattine primates:
reflections on the comparative method},
Journal = {American Journal of Science},
Volume = {293 A},
Number = {A},
Pages = {356-382},
Publisher = {American Journal of Science (AJS)},
Year = {1993},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2475/ajs.293.A.356},
Abstract = {Folivores (Alouatta, Brachyteles) have relatively small
lower incisors and relatively well-developed molar shearing
crests compared to frugivores (Ateles, Lagothrix). The
development of molar shear crests in the fossil alouattines
of the genus Stirtonia is indicative of diets nearly as
folivorous as in Alouatta. The existence of multiple
adaptive solutions to a single selective pressure does not
preclude using the comparative method for predictive
purposes as long as the goal is to infer behavior from
morphology and not the reverse. Similarly, nonadaptive
convergence does not invalidate the entire comparative
method but only means that not all hypothesized
relationships between morphology and behavior will have
predictive power. -from Authors},
Doi = {10.2475/ajs.293.A.356},
Key = {fds240773}
}
@misc{fds304458,
Author = {Kay, RF and Frailey, CD},
Title = {Large fossil platyrrhines from the Rio Acre local fauna,
late Miocene, western Amazonia},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {25},
Number = {4},
Pages = {319-327},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1993},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhev.1993.1051},
Abstract = {In September, 1977 and July, 1979, fossil vertebrates were
collected at several localities along the Rio Acre west of
Inapari, Peru on the border between Brazil and the
Departamento de Madre de Dios, Peru, and also between Brazil
and Departamento de Pando, Bolivia (approximate coordinates,
10°50′S, 69°50′W). The fauna from these localities is
assigned to the late Miocene Huayquerian Land Mammal Age
(ca. 9-6 Ma). On a synopsis of the mammalian remains from
these localities, Frailey (1986) mentions one specimen, LACM
117501, a right lower molar, as a possible marsupial, of
indeterminate family. Further comparisons now demonstrate
that this specimen should be provisionally assigned to the
Colombian monkey genus Stirtonia from the middle Miocene La
Venta fauna. Another very large primate tooth discovered at
a different locality, probably a cebine, is here described
for the first time. These are the first recorded occurrences
of platyrrhine primates between approximately 12 and 1
million years ago. -from Authors},
Doi = {10.1006/jhev.1993.1051},
Key = {fds304458}
}
@misc{fds182261,
Author = {Anthony, M.R.L. and R.F. Kay},
Title = {Tooth form and diet in ateline and alouattine primates:
reflections on the comparative method},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {283A},
Pages = {356-382},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds182261}
}
@misc{fds240524,
Author = {Kay, RF and Madden, RH and Vucetich, MG and Cifelli, RL and Mazzoni, MM and III, CCS},
Title = {Vertebrate paleontology in the Eocene of Bolivia and the
Deseadan of Argentina},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {13},
Number = {3},
Pages = {44A},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds240524}
}
@article{fds240525,
Author = {Meldrum, DJ and Kay, RF and Chiu, CH},
Title = {Phylogenetic relationships of Cebus and Saimiri inferred
from mitochondrial DNA sequences and dental
anatomy},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {Suppl. 16},
Pages = {144-145},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds240525}
}
@misc{fds240729,
Author = {Kay, RF and Thewissen, JGM and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Cranial anatomy of Ignacius graybullianus and the affinities
of the Plesiadapiformes},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {89},
Number = {4},
Pages = {477-498},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1992},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330890409},
Abstract = {A nearly complete cranium of Ignacius graybullianus provides
increased understanding of the cranial anatomy of
Plesiadapiformes. In nearly all details of cranial anatomy,
Ignacius differs markedly from primates. USNM 421608
exhibits a long tapering snout, small widely spaced orbits,
and a complete lack of postorbital process or bar. Large
olfactory bulbs are inferred from the wide interorbital
space. The marked flare of the zygomatic arches suggests
that Ignacius possessed large and powerful temporal muscles.
The basicranial region is particularly well preserved and
reveals a distinct suture between the petrosal bone and an
entotympanic bulla. This suture is visible on both the left
and right sides of the skull and dispels the hypothesis that
Ignacius and, by inference, other Plesiadapiformes share the
primate synapomorphy of a petrosal bulla. To test the
phylogenetic position of Ignacius, cranial characters were
identified and scored for Ignacius, Plesiadapis,
Cynocephalus, and a number of primates, bats, and
scandentians. Two erinaceomorph insectivores were also
included to allow the assessment of archontan monophyly.
These characters were incorporated into a
maximum‐parsimony analysis to determine the phylogenetic
position of Plesiadapiformes. There are several important
phylogenetic conclusions that can be inferred from this
analysis: 1) Ignacius and Plesiadapis make up a monophyletic
clade; 2) Plesiadapiformes may be the sister group of
Dermoptera; 3) Scandentia, not Plesiadapiformes, is the
sister group of Primates; and 4) Primates, plesiadapiforms,
bats, colugos, and scandentians may not form a monophyletic
clade Archonta. Consequently, the taxon Archonta is in need
of review. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Copyright © 1992
Wiley‐Liss, Inc., A Wiley Company},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330890409},
Key = {fds240729}
}
@misc{fds240521,
Author = {Meldrum, DJ and Kay, RF},
Title = {A new specimen of pitheciine primate from the Miocene of
Colombia},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {Supplement 14},
Pages = {121},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds240521}
}
@misc{fds240519,
Author = {Kay, RF and Williams, BA},
Title = {Dental evidence for anthropoid origins},
Volume = {Suppl. 14},
Pages = {98},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds240519}
}
@misc{fds240522,
Author = {Rasmussen, DT and Kay, RF},
Title = {A Miocene Anhinga from Colombia, and comments on the
zoogeographic relationships of South America's Tertiary
avifanua},
Series = {Special Publication, Nat. Hist. Mus. of Los Angeles County,
Los Angeles: Los Angeles},
Pages = {225-230},
Booktitle = {Avian Paleontology},
Publisher = {Special Publication, Nat. Hist. Mus. of Los Angeles County,
Los Angeles},
Editor = {Campell, KE},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds240522}
}
@article{fds240520,
Author = {Madden, RH and Kay, RF},
Title = {Aportes al conocimiento de la fauna de mamiferos del Grupo
Honda, Mioceno, Colombia},
Journal = {IX Jornadas Argeninas de Paleontologia de Vertebrados,
Trelew, Chubut},
Series = {IX Jornadas Argeninas de Paleontologia de Vertebrados,
Trelew, Chubut},
Pages = {12 al 15 de Mayo},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds240520}
}
@article{fds240523,
Author = {Williams, BA and Kay, RF},
Title = {Phylogenetic analysis of Eocene primates suggests Omomyidae
is not a monophyletic group},
Series = {XIV Int. Primatol. Congress, Strasbourg,
France},
Pages = {286},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds240523}
}
@misc{fds240675,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Primate phylogeny. Edited by F.E. Grine, J.G. Fleagle, and
L.B. Martin. London: Academic Press. 1987. iii + 146 pp.,
tables, figures, $7.95 (paper)},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {84},
Number = {1},
Pages = {109-111},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1991ET03700020&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330840120},
Key = {fds240675}
}
@misc{fds240515,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Review of Primate Phylogeny by F.E. Grine, J.G. Fleagle and
L.B. Martin},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {84},
Pages = {109-111},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds240515}
}
@misc{fds240518,
Author = {Madden, RH and Kay, RF},
Title = {The Friasian of Patagonia},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {11},
Number = {3},
Pages = {44A},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds240518}
}
@misc{fds303339,
Author = {Kay, RF and Anthony, MRL},
Title = {Tooth form and diet in ateline and alouattine primates:
reflections on the comparative method},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {11},
Pages = {39A},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds303339}
}
@article{fds240514,
Author = {Ford, SM and Davis, LC and Kay, RF},
Title = {New platyrrhine astragalus from the Miocene of
Colombia},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {Supplement 12},
Pages = {73-74},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds240514}
}
@article{fds240517,
Author = {Kay, RF and Anthony, MRL},
Title = {Dietary evolution in platyrrhine primates and the
comparative method},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {11},
Number = {3},
Pages = {39},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds240517}
}
@misc{fds240731,
Author = {Meldrum, DJ and Fleagle, JG and Kay, RF},
Title = {Partial humeri of two Miocene Colombian primates.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {81},
Number = {3},
Pages = {413-422},
Year = {1990},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330810310},
Abstract = {Distal portions of humeri from two Miocene Colombian
primates were recovered during field work in 1986. The
larger IGM 183420 is very similar in size and morphology to
the humerus included in the type specimen of Cebupithecia
sarmientoi, recovered from La Venta in 1945 (Stirton and
Savage: Serv. Geol. Nac. Bogata 7:345-356, 1951) and is
assigned to this taxon. IGM 183420 presents a number of
features of the humerus associated with clinging postural
behaviors in living platyrrhines, including a medial
epicondyle with very little dorsal angulation, a cylindrical
trochlea, and a contact facet for the coronoid process of
the ulna. In these and other features Cebupithecia most
closely resembles the extant genus Pithecia. IGM 183512 is
approximately the size of Saimiri sciureus and is very
similar in morphology to the humerus of this small arboreal
quadruped. The medial epicondyle is more dorsally angled,
the medial lip of the trochlea is more pronounced and the
capitulum is less spherical as compared to Cebupithecia.
This fossil is assigned to the taxon Neosaimiri
fieldsi.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330810310},
Key = {fds240731}
}
@misc{fds240664,
Author = {MELDRUM, DJ and KAY, RF},
Title = {A NEW PARTIAL SKELETON OF CEBUPITHECIA-SARMIENTOI FROM THE
MIOCENE OF COLOMBIA},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {81},
Number = {2},
Pages = {267-267},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1990},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1990CQ19800260&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240664}
}
@article{fds240670,
Author = {KAY, RF},
Title = {A POSSIBLE GIANT TAMARIN FROM THE MIOCENE OF
COLOMBIA},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {81},
Number = {2},
Pages = {248-248},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1990},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1990CQ19800199&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240670}
}
@misc{fds240723,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {The phyletic relationships of extant and fossil Pitheciinae
(Platyrrhini, Anthropoidea)},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {19},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {175-208},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1990},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2484(90)90016-5},
Abstract = {A phylogenetic assessment of Pitheciinae (sensuHershkovitz,
1977) is undertaken. Among the three living genera of
pitheciines,Chiropotes andCacajao share a more recent common
ancestor than either does withPithecia. Evidence for the
position of pitheciines within the platyrrhine clade is weak
and contradictory owing partly to the amount of parallelism
within and among various platyrrhine subfamilies.Rosenberger's
(1979, 1984) hypothesis thatAotus and/orCallicebus are
closely related to pitheciines is not supported by a review
of the cranial, dental and postcranial evidence. The
evidence is weak thatAlouatta and the atelines are the
sister group of pitheciines as argued byFord (1986). An
alternative view is advanced that pitheciines are an early
offshoot of the platyrrhine clade. The relationships of some
fossil forms to living pitheciines are considered.Cebupithecia
from the Miocene of Colombia is definitely pitheciine based
especially on the dentition (rounded, chisel-shaped canines)
but also on postcranial evidence. However, it lacks some of
the dental specializations shared by living pitheciines;
therefore it is most likely a sister group of living
pitheciines. Argentine MioceneSoriacebus is not a pitheciine
but is convergently specialized for a diet similar to living
pitheciines. Colombian MioceneMohanamico hershkovitzi (a
senior synonym ofAotus dindensis) is possibly a very
primitive pitheciine and an unlikely sister taxon
toCallimico. © 1989 Academic Press Limited.},
Doi = {10.1016/0047-2484(90)90016-5},
Key = {fds240723}
}
@misc{fds240728,
Author = {Kay, RF and Thorington, RW and Houde, P},
Title = {Eocene plesiadapiform shows affinities with flying lemurs
not primates},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {345},
Number = {6273},
Pages = {342-344},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1990},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/345342a0},
Abstract = {PLESIADAPIFORMES, of the North American and European
Paleogene, is often identified as a sister group of
primates. This hypothesis is based on several proposed
anatomical synapo-morphies linking the best-known
plesiadapiform families, Plesiadapidae, and Paromomyidae
with Eocene primates1-5. The first well-preserved skull of
Ignacius graybullianus, an early Eocene paromomyid
plesiadapiform, clarifies and corrects previous cranial
reconstruction based on more fragmentary material3,6,7. The
new material indicates Plesiadapiformes are not Primates.
Rather, several synapomorphies argue for a closer
phylogenetic relationship between Plesiadapiformes and
Cynocephalus, the extant flying lemur (order Dermoptera). In
view of the finding that "archaic" primates are not
cladistic Primates, the recently coined taxon "Euprimates"
should be discarded. No support is lent by cranial anatomy
to the hypothesis that Primates, tree shrews, bats and
dermopterans form a clade Archonta. © 1990 Nature
Publishing Group.},
Doi = {10.1038/345342a0},
Key = {fds240728}
}
@misc{fds240771,
Author = {Kay, and F, R and Madden, RH and D, JG},
Title = {Nuevos hallazgos de monos del Mioceno de
Colombia},
Journal = {Ameghiniana},
Volume = {25},
Pages = {203-213},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds240771}
}
@misc{fds240647,
Author = {FLEAGLE, JG and KAY, RF},
Title = {THE DENTAL MORPHOLOGY OF DOLICHOCEBUS-GAIMANENSIS, A FOSSIL
MONKEY FROM ARGENTINA},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {78},
Number = {2},
Pages = {221-221},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1989},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1989T265200131&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240647}
}
@misc{fds240650,
Author = {KAY, RF},
Title = {A NEW SMALL PLATYRRHINE FROM THE MIOCENE OF COLOMBIA AND THE
PHYLETIC POSITION OF THE CALLITRICHINES},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {78},
Number = {2},
Pages = {251-251},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1989},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1989T265200219&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240650}
}
@misc{fds240659,
Author = {MADDEN, RH and KAY, RF and GUERRERO, J},
Title = {NEW STIRTONIA-VICTORIAE MATERIAL FROM THE MIOCENE OF
COLOMBIA},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {78},
Number = {2},
Pages = {265-265},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1989},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1989T265200260&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240659}
}
@misc{fds303338,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {A new small platyrrhine from the Miocene of Colombia and the
phyletic position of the callitrichines},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {78},
Pages = {151},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds303338}
}
@misc{fds240509,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Review of Primate Adaptation and Evolution by J.G.
Fleagle},
Journal = {Quarterly Review of Biology},
Volume = {64},
Pages = {344},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds240509}
}
@misc{fds240510,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {A new "giant" tamarin from the Miocene of
Colombia},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {9},
Number = {3},
Pages = {28A},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds240510}
}
@misc{fds240513,
Author = {Madden, RH and Kay, RF and Lundberg, JF and Scillato-Yane,
G},
Title = {Vertebrate paleontology, stratigraphy, and biochronology of
the Miocene of southern Ecuador},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {9},
Number = {3},
Pages = {31A},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds240513}
}
@misc{fds240512,
Author = {Kay, RF and Grine, FE},
Title = {Tooth Morphology, wear, and diet in Austrolopithecus and
Paranthropus.},
Series = {The Evolutionary History of the Robust Austrolopithecus},
Pages = {427-447},
Booktitle = {Evolutionary History of the "Robust" Austrolopithecines},
Publisher = {Aldine de Gruyter},
Editor = {Grine, FE},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds240512}
}
@article{fds182161,
Author = {Kay, R. F. and Fleagle, J. G.},
Title = {The phylogenetic position of Parapithecidae (Primates,
Anthropoidea)},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {75},
Pages = {230},
Year = {1988},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds182161}
}
@misc{fds240735,
Author = {Kay, RF and Plavcan, JM and Glander, KE and Wright,
PC},
Title = {Sexual selection and canine dimorphism in New World
monkeys.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {77},
Number = {3},
Pages = {385-397},
Year = {1988},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3228171},
Abstract = {Social and ecological factors are important in shaping
sexual dimorphism in Anthropoidea, but there is also a
tendency for body-size dimorphism and canine dimorphism to
increase with increased body size (Rensch's rule) (Rensch:
Evolution Above the Species Level. London: Methuen, 1959.)
Most ecologist interpret Rensch's rule to be a consequence
of social and ecological selective factors that covary with
body size, but recent claims have been advanced that
dimorphism is principally a consequence of selection for
increased body size alone. Here we assess the effects of
body size, body-size dimorphism, and social structure on
canine dimorphism among platyrrhine monkeys. Platyrrhine
species examined are classified into four behavioral groups
reflecting the intensity of intermale competition for access
to females or to limiting resources. As canine dimorphism
increases, so does the level of intermale competition. Those
species with monogamous and polyandrous social structures
have the lowest canine dimorphism, while those with
dominance rank hierarchies of males have the most canine
dimorphism. Species with fission-fusion social structures
and transitory intermale breeding-season competition fall
between these extremes. Among platyrrhines there is a
significant positive correlation between body size and
canine dimorphism However, within levels of competition, no
significant correlation was found between the two. Also,
with increased body size, body-size dimorphism tends to
increase, and this correlation holds in some cases within
competition levels. In an analysis of covariance, once the
level of intermale competition is controlled for, neither
molar size nor molar-size dimorphism accounts for a
significant part of the variance in canine dimorphism. A
similar analysis using body weight as a measure of size and
dimorphism yields a less clear-cut picture: body weight
contributes significantly to the model when the effects of
the other factors are controlled. Finally, in a model using
head and body length as a measure of size and dimorphism,
all factors and the interactions between them are
significant. We conclude that intermale competition among
platyrrhine species is the most important factor explaining
variations in canine dimorphism. The significant effects of
size and size dimorphism in some models may be evidence that
natural (as opposed to sexual) selection also plays a role
in the evolution of increased canine dimorphism.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330770311},
Key = {fds240735}
}
@misc{fds240733,
Author = {Plavcan, JM and Kay, RF},
Title = {Sexual dimorphism and dental variability in platyrrhine
primates},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {9},
Number = {3},
Pages = {169-178},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1988},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02737399},
Abstract = {Leutenegger and Cheverud (1982, 1985) propose a hypothesis
to explain why larger primates are more sexually dimorphic
in body weight and canine size. Their hypothesis states that
any factor selecting for an evolutionary increase in body
size will produce an increase in sexual dimorphism in any
character if either heritability or phenotypic variability
is greater in males than in females for that character. They
cite no evidence for heritability but give some data to
suggest that males are, in fact, more variable than females.
We test the latter proposition more fully using measurements
on the dentitions of platyrrhine primates. Male and female
phenotypic variances are not significantly different in most
cases. Cases of greater male phenotypic variance are not
limited to sexually dimorphic species. We conclude that the
hypothesis of Leutenegger and Cheverud does not explain the
observed patterns of dental sexual dimorphism, at least in
platyrrhines. © 1988 Plenum Publishing Corporation.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF02737399},
Key = {fds240733}
}
@misc{fds240770,
Author = {Grine, FE and Kay, RF},
Title = {Early hominid diets from quantitative image analysis of
dental microwear.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {333},
Number = {6175},
Pages = {765-768},
Year = {1988},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/333765a0},
Abstract = {The dietary habits of the early hominids Australopithecus
and Paranthropus have long been debated. Robinson argued
that the two species differed in the proportions of meat and
vegetables consumed. More recently it has been suggested
that Paranthropus, with its presumably larger body size,
simply processed greater amounts of the same foods eaten by
Australopithecus to maintain 'functional equivalence'.
Microscopic dental wear patterns are related to the dietary
habits of extant mammals, and quantification of these
patterns is useful in distinguishing among primates with
different diets. Nevertheless, few attempts have been made
to use microwear in the reconstruction of early hominid
diets, and only very recently has the quantification of such
data been initiated. While microwear fabrics can be reduced
to individual elements (for example, scratches and pits),
there is some disagreement over exactly how they should be
defined and measured. Fourier transforms have been applied
successfully in the study of a variety of physical and
biological patterns, and recently they have been used to
characterize and distinguish different tooth wear patterns
more objectively. Here we report the first combined use of
image processing and other quantitative techniques to
analyse the dental microwear of early hominids. Our results
suggest that Paranthropus ate substantially more hard food
items than Australopithecus.},
Doi = {10.1038/333765a0},
Key = {fds240770}
}
@misc{fds240644,
Author = {KAY, RF and FLEAGLE, JG},
Title = {THE PHYLOGENETIC POSITION OF PARAPITHECIDAE (PRIMATES,
ANTHROPOIDEA)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {75},
Number = {2},
Pages = {230-230},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1988},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1988M026700148&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240644}
}
@misc{fds240732,
Author = {Simons, EL and Kay, RF},
Title = {New material of Qatrania from Egypt with comments on the
phylogenetic position of the parapithecidae (primates,
Anthropoidea).},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {15},
Number = {4},
Pages = {337-347},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1988},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1988P728000004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {New material of the early anthropoid primate Qatrania wingi
and a new species of that genus are described. Several
features of the dental anatomy show that Qatrania, while
quite primitive relative to other anthropoids in many ways,
is most likely a parapithecid primate. The new material
suggests that several dental features previously thought to
ally parapithecids with the catarrhine primates were
actually evolved in parallel in catarrhines and some
parapithecids. Furthermore, all nonparapithecid anthropoids
(including platyrrhines and catarrhines) share a suite of
derived dental and postcranial features not found in
parapithecids. Therefore, parapithecid origins may predate
the platyrrhine/catarrhine split.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.1350150407},
Key = {fds240732}
}
@misc{fds240734,
Author = {Kay, RF and Cant, JGH},
Title = {Age assessment using cementum annulus counts and tooth wear
in a free-ranging population of Macaca mulatta.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {15},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-15},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1988},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.1350150103},
Abstract = {Estimates were made of the tooth wear and the number of
cementum annuli on lower first molars of Macaca mulatta of
known age that had lived on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico. It
is demonstrated that both these measurements are
significantly correlated with age. Neither measurement by
itself, however, strongly enough corrected with age to
provide a reliable guide to the true age of individuals
older than about 14 years, although cementum annulus counts
clearly provide a more reliable guide to age determination
than does wear. A combination of tooth wear and annulus
number is a somewhat better predictor of age, with a
multiple regression explaining 19% of the overall variance
in age. As has been reported previously in tropical
ungulates, there is more than one cementum annulus per year
deposited on the M<sub>1</sub>S of our sample. Comparison
with rainfall data indicates that the number of dry
intervals in the animal's life corresponds on a one-to-one
basis with the number of annuli. It is hypothesized that
such dry intervals cause nutritional stress, which in turn
is reflected in periods of arrested or slowed growth in the
tooth cementum. Also, more annuli are formed per year on the
teeth of males than those of females. Stress engendered by
intermale competition may play a role in this
phenomenon.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.1350150103},
Key = {fds240734}
}
@misc{fds240507,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Phyletic Position of the Pitheciinae},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {8 (Suppl. 3)},
Pages = {19a},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds240507}
}
@misc{fds240508,
Author = {Madden, RH and Kay, RF and Lundberg, JG and Cifelli, RL and Guerrero,
J},
Title = {Informe general de nuevos descubrimientos en el Mioceno de
Colombia y Chile},
Journal = {V. Journadas Arg. Paleont. Vert.},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds240508}
}
@misc{fds240502,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Parapithecidae},
Pages = {440-443},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Human Evolution and Prehistory},
Publisher = {Garland Pub.},
Editor = {Tattersal, I and Delson, E and VanCouvering, J},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds240502}
}
@misc{fds240503,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Teeth},
Pages = {571-578},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Human Evolution and Prehistory},
Publisher = {Garland Pub.},
Editor = {Tattersal, I and Delson, E and VanCouvering, J},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds240503}
}
@misc{fds240504,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Diet},
Pages = {155-159},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Human Evolution and Prehistory},
Publisher = {Garland Pub.},
Editor = {Tattersal, I and Delson, E and VanCouvering, J},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds240504}
}
@misc{fds240505,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Oligocene},
Pages = {392-394},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Human Evolution and Prehistory},
Publisher = {Garland Pub.},
Editor = {Tattersal, I and Delson, E and VanCouvering, J},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds240505}
}
@misc{fds240506,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Fayum},
Pages = {205-206},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Human Evolution and Prehistory},
Publisher = {Garland Pub.},
Editor = {Tattersal, I and Delson, E and VanCouvering, J},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds240506}
}
@article{fds240678,
Author = {MADDEN, RH and KAY, RF},
Title = {NEW STIRTONIA-VICTORIAE MATERIAL FROM THE MIOCENE OF
COLOMBIA},
Journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {8},
Number = {5},
Pages = {473-473},
Publisher = {PLENUM PUBL CORP},
Year = {1987},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1987N984100191&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240678}
}
@misc{fds240768,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Analysis of primate dental microwear using image processing
techniques.},
Journal = {Scanning microscopy},
Volume = {1},
Number = {2},
Pages = {657-662},
Year = {1987},
Month = {June},
Abstract = {This paper introduces Fourier transformation as a rapid,
replicable means for characterizing and distinguishing
patterns of microscopic wear on primate teeth. The
two-dimensional power spectra obtained from numerical
Fourier transformation are shown to be different between two
test patterns, one of which is composed of linear features
and the other of randomly-spaced dots. A comparison is made,
using Fourier transformation, of dental microwear patterns
of small samples of two primate species, Ateles geoffroyi,
the spider monkey, and Chiropotes satanas, the bearded saki.
Ateles, with a scratch-dominated pattern of microwear, has a
Fourier transform resembling that of the linear test
pattern. Chiropotes, with a pit-dominated microwear pattern,
resembles the transform of the dot pattern. The significance
of this is discussed in light of the dietary differences
between the two species.},
Key = {fds240768}
}
@misc{fds240653,
Author = {PLAVCAN, JM and KAY, RF and ALBRECHT, GH},
Title = {SEXUAL DIMORPHISM AND DENTAL VARIABILITY AMONG EXTANT
PLATYRRHINES},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {72},
Number = {2},
Pages = {243-243},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1987},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1987G108000213&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240653}
}
@misc{fds240657,
Author = {KAY, RF and PLAVCAN, JM and WRIGHT, PC and GLANDER, KE and ALBRECHT,
GH},
Title = {BEHAVIORAL AND SIZE CORRELATES OF CANINE DIMORPHISM IN
PLATYRRHINE PRIMATES},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {72},
Number = {2},
Pages = {218-218},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1987},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1987G108000138&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240657}
}
@misc{fds240736,
Author = {Kay, RF and Madden, RH and Plavcan, JM and Cifelli, RL and Díaz,
JG},
Title = {Stirtonia victoriae, a new species of Miocene Colombian
primate},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {16},
Number = {2},
Pages = {173-196},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1987},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2484(87)90075-3},
Abstract = {Upper jaws and other cranial material of a large primate
from the Perico Member of the La Dorada Formation, Honda
Group (Miocene) were discovered in 1985 and 1986. The
specimens are of a new species of Stirtonia. Based on
stratigraphic position, more than 300 meters below the
Stirtonia tatacoensis type locality, this is the oldest
primate material yet known from Colombia. Limited current
evidence suggests a Santacrucian age but further
geochronologic and paleontologic studies are needed to
confirm this. One specimen is a nearly complete but crushed
palate and lower face of a young animal. This specimen also
has part of the left maxillary orbital margin and a partial
left frontal with the dorsal orbital margin. A right maxilla
of an old adult of the same species was found at the same
locality and stratigraphic horizon. The new material
resembles Stirtonia in the strong development of molar
crests and stylar cusps and in many details of molar
structure. We regard it as a new species because of its
larger size, better developed molar crests, and because it
has three-rooted rather than two-rooted P3 and P4. Two
isolated molars from the Honda Group, previously the
hypodigm of Kondous laventicus, are referred to Stirtonia
talacoensis. The dental structure of Stirtonia suggests it
was a leaf-eating species. A phyletic study of all Stirtonia
material indicates that it is closely related to Alouatta,
as R. A. Stirton first suggested and most authorities
affirm. © 1987.},
Doi = {10.1016/0047-2484(87)90075-3},
Key = {fds240736}
}
@misc{fds240769,
Author = {Fleagle, JG and Kay, RF},
Title = {The phyletic position of the Parapithecidae},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {16},
Number = {6},
Pages = {483-532},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1987},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2484(87)90036-4},
Abstract = {The Parapithecidae are a group of primitive anthropoid
primates known only from the early Oligocene Jebel Qatrani
Formation of Fayum, Egypt. Since the initial discovery of
the group early in the century, their phyletic position
relative to other higher primates has been ambiguous and the
subject of considerable debate. Various authors have
considered the parapithecids as the sister taxon of (1) Old
World monkeys, (2) all other Old World anthropoids; (3)
platyrrhines; or (4) all other higher primates. Although
there are anatomical features that can be advanced to
support each of these views, parapithecids lack a number of
anatomical features that characterize all other anthropoids
and are best considered the most primitive higher primates.
Such a phyletic position for parapithecids involves fewer
evolutionary parallelisms and reversals in anthropoid
evolution than does any other phylogeny. This suggests that
the origin of anthropoids from prosimians was most probably
in Africa. © 1987.},
Doi = {10.1016/0047-2484(87)90036-4},
Key = {fds240769}
}
@article{fds182164,
Author = {Kay, R.F.},
Title = {Sexual Dimorphism in Living and Fossil Primates},
Volume = {8},
Pages = {93-95},
Editor = {M. Pickford and B. Chiarelli},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds182164}
}
@article{fds182165,
Author = {Kay, R.F.},
Title = {Primate Evolution},
Volume = {62},
Pages = {451},
Editor = {J.G. Else and P.C. Lee},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds182165}
}
@misc{fds240499,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Major Topics in Primate and Human Evolution, edited by B.
Wood, L. Martin and P. Andrews, review},
Journal = {American Scientist},
Volume = {75},
Pages = {312},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds240499}
}
@misc{fds240500,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Review of Sexual Dimorphism in Living and Fossil Primates,
edited by M. Pickford and B. Chiarelli},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {8},
Pages = {93-95},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds240500}
}
@misc{fds240501,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Primate Evolution, edited by J.G. Else and P.C.
Lee},
Journal = {Quarterly Review of Biology},
Volume = {62},
Pages = {451},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds240501}
}
@misc{fds240671,
Author = {KAY, RF and MADDEN, RM and CIFELLI, RL and DIAZ, JG},
Title = {A NEW SPECIMEN OF MIOCENE COLOMBIAN STIRTONIA},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {69},
Number = {2},
Pages = {221-221},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {1986},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1986A131700155&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240671}
}
@misc{fds240691,
Author = {Luchterhand, K and Kay, RF and Madden, RH},
Title = {( Mohanamico herskovitzi gen. et sp. nov., a middle Miocene
South American primate).},
Journal = {Comptes Rendus - Academie des Sciences, Series
II},
Volume = {303},
Number = {19},
Pages = {1753-1758},
Year = {1986},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {Mohanamico hershkovitzi was about the size of the living
squirrel monkey Saimiri sciureus. Its molars are low-crowned
and the molar crests are not pronounced suggesting a
frugivorous diet like Aotus. The lateral incisor is large
and high-crowned, which foreshadows living Pitheciinae. The
canines and P2 were large and sharp like Callimico. Our
analysis of the mandible and teeth suggest that Mohanamico
is a primitive member of the Pitheciinae. Some similarities
with Callimico and Saguinus are also noted raising the
possibility that pithecines and callitrichids are
monophyletic. (Introduction in French but main article in
English).-from Authors},
Key = {fds240691}
}
@misc{fds240737,
Author = {Lundberg, JG and Machado-Allison, A and Kay, RF},
Title = {Miocene characid fishes from Colombia: Evolutionary stasis
and extirpation},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {234},
Number = {4773},
Pages = {205-208},
Year = {1986},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.234.4773.208},
Abstract = {Fossil fishes from the Miocene La Venta fauna of the
Magdalena River Valley, Colombia, are identified as
Colossoma macropomum (Characidae), a living species from the
Orinoco and Amazon basins. The fossils document a long and
conservative history for a species that is highly
specialized for feeding on streamside plants. The
phylogenetically advanced position of Colossoma in the
subfamily Serrasalminae implies that six related genera and
other higher characid taxa originated well before 15 million
years ago. This discovery also corroborates neontological
evidence for a vicariance event that contributed species
from Miocene Orinoco-Amazon faunas to the original Magdalena
region fauna. The fossils suggest a formerly diverse
Magdalena fauna that has suffered local extinction, perhaps
associated with late Cenozoic tectonism. This new evidence
may help explain the depauperate nature of the modern
Magdalena River.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.234.4773.208},
Key = {fds240737}
}
@misc{fds240498,
Author = {Kay, CN and Scapino, RP and Kay, ED},
Title = {A cinephotographic study of the role of the canine in
limiting lateral jaw movements in Macaca
fascicularis},
Journal = {Journal of Dental Research},
Volume = {65},
Pages = {1300-1302},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds240498}
}
@misc{fds240767,
Author = {Luchterhand, K and Kay, RF and Madden, RH},
Title = {Mohanamico hershkovitzi, gen. et sp. nov., un primate du
Miocène moyen d'Amérique du Sud},
Journal = {Comptes Rendus, Adademie des Sciences (Paris)},
Volume = {303},
Number = {II},
Pages = {1753-1758},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds240767}
}
@misc{fds240669,
Author = {KAY, RF and CANT, JGH},
Title = {CEMENTUM ANNULUS COUNTS AND CHRONOLOGICAL AGE IN
MACACA-MULATTA},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {66},
Number = {2},
Pages = {188-188},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1985},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1985ADY1200154&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240669}
}
@misc{fds240738,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Dental evidence for the diet of Australopithecus.},
Journal = {Annual review of anthropology. Vol. 14},
Volume = {14},
Number = {1},
Pages = {315-341},
Publisher = {ANNUAL REVIEWS},
Year = {1985},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.14.100185.001531},
Abstract = {Surveys the evidence for australopithecine diets in the
light of current knowledge about the diet and dental anatomy
of living primates, especially the apes. To provide a
backdrop for the functional and adaptive interpretations
which form the bulk of the paper, the author reviews the
diet and feeding behaviour of the living apes, compares the
functional anatomy of the teeth of man and apes, and then
considers some analytical approaches to the assessment of
dental structure in terms of diet in living
species.-J.Sheail},
Doi = {10.1146/annurev.an.14.100185.001531},
Key = {fds240738}
}
@misc{fds240497,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Review of A Complete Guide to the Monkeys, Apes and Other
Primates by M. Kavanagh},
Journal = {Quarterly Review of Biology},
Volume = {60},
Pages = {231},
Year = {1985},
Key = {fds240497}
}
@misc{fds240496,
Author = {Fleagle, JG and Kay, RF},
Title = {The paleobiology of catarrhines},
Pages = {23-36},
Booktitle = {Ancestors: The Hard Evidence},
Publisher = {Alan R. Liss, Inc.},
Editor = {Delson, E},
Year = {1985},
Key = {fds240496}
}
@misc{fds240679,
Author = {ALBRECHT, GH and KAY, RF},
Title = {PORTABLE MICROCOMPUTERS, ELECTRONIC DIGITAL CALIPERS, AND
THE COLLECTION OF MORPHOMETRIC DATA},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {63},
Number = {2},
Pages = {133-134},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1984},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1984SE46800003&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240679}
}
@misc{fds304457,
Author = {Kay, RF and Rasmussen, DT and Beard, KC},
Title = {Cementum annulus counts provide a means for age
determination in Macaca mulatta (primates,
anthropoidea).},
Journal = {Folia primatologica; international journal of
primatology},
Volume = {42},
Number = {2},
Pages = {85-95},
Year = {1984},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000156152},
Abstract = {14 teeth of 8 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) of known age
were analyzed to assess the usefulness of cementum annuli
counts as a means of estimating chronological age. Methods
used were histological examination of stained thin sections
by light microscopy, and examination of polished and etched
epoxy-embedded sections by scanning electron microscopy. In
11 of 14 cases, the known chronological ages of the
individuals fell within the predicted age ranges based on
cementum annuli counts; in 2 other cases, it fell within
half a year of the ranges. Cementum annulus counts can
provide valuable information about the age of primates
living in semitropical environments. This is the most
accurate method for aging skeletally adult primates that has
yet been tested on animals of known age.},
Doi = {10.1159/000156152},
Key = {fds304457}
}
@misc{fds240493,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {The Order of Man by Charles Oxnard, review},
Journal = {Quarterly Review of Biology},
Volume = {59},
Pages = {480-481},
Year = {1984},
Key = {fds240493}
}
@misc{fds240755,
Author = {Kay, RF and Rasmussen, DT and Beard, KC},
Title = {Cementum annulus counts provide a mean for age determination
in Macaca mulatta},
Journal = {Folia Primatologica},
Volume = {42},
Number = {2},
Pages = {85-95},
Year = {1984},
Abstract = {14 teeth of 8 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) of known age
were analyzed to assess the usefulness of cementum annuli
counts as a means of estimating chronological age. Methods
used were histological examination of stained thin sections
by light microscopy, and examination of polished and etched
epoxy-embedded sections by scanning electron microscopy. In
11 of 14 cases, the known chronological ages of the
individuals fell within the predicted age ranges based on
cementum annuli counts; in 2 other cases, it fell within
half a year of the ranges. Cementum annulus counts can
provide valuable information about the age of primates
living in semitropical environments. This is the most
accurate method for aging skeletally adult primates that has
yet been tested on animals of known age.},
Key = {fds240755}
}
@misc{fds240494,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {On the use of anatomical features to infer foraging behavior
in extinct primates},
Pages = {21-53},
Booktitle = {Adaptations for Foraging in Nonhuman Primates},
Publisher = {Columbia University Press},
Editor = {Cant, J and Rodman, P},
Year = {1984},
Key = {fds240494}
}
@misc{fds240495,
Author = {Kay, RF and Covert, HH},
Title = {Anatomy and behaviour of extinct primates.},
Pages = {467-508},
Booktitle = {Food Acquisition and Processing in Primates},
Publisher = {Plenum Press},
Editor = {Chivers, DJ and Wood, BA and Bilsborough, A},
Year = {1984},
Key = {fds240495}
}
@misc{fds240739,
Author = {Simons, EL and Kay, RF},
Title = {Qatrania, new basal anthropoid primate from the Fayum,
Oligocene of Egypt},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {304},
Number = {5927},
Pages = {624-626},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1983},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/304624a0},
Abstract = {Recent excavations in Egypt organized by the Geological
Survey of Egypt and Duke University have recovered many
fossil primate specimens, most of which come from upper
levels of the Jebel Qatrani Formation (early Oligocene)
including Aegyptopithecus, Propliopithecus, Parapithecus and
Apidium 1-3. Screening at Quarry E in lower levels of the
formation has also revealed a new small anthropoid described
as Qatrania wingi. Qatrania is a primitive member of the
Parapithecidae and possibly most closely allied to
Parapithecus fraasi. This new species is the earliest
African anthropoid known, equal in age and from the same
quarry as Oligopithecus4. Its small size and details of
molar structure point to a mainly frugivorous diet like some
extant African prosimians and South American callithrichids.
© 1983 Nature Publishing Group.},
Doi = {10.1038/304624a0},
Key = {fds240739}
}
@misc{fds240741,
Author = {Kay, RF and Simons, EL},
Title = {Dental formulae and dental eruption patterns in
Parapithecidae (Primates, Anthropoidea).},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {62},
Number = {4},
Pages = {363-375},
Year = {1983},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330620403},
Abstract = {The eruption sequence for the lower teeth of Apidium
phiomense based on 18 juvenile specimens is dP3, dP4, M1,
M2, P2, P4, (P3, M3), C. Only five specimens of Parapithecus
grangeri show developing lower teeth. P2, M1, and M2 all
erupted before P3 and P4; C and M3 were the last cheek teeth
to erupt. Late eruption of the lower canines in
parapithecids is a possible shared derived resemblance
linking these species with Anthropoidea and Adapidae and
distinguishing both from Omomyidae, Tarsiidae, and
tooth-combed lemurs. Late eruption of M3 in parapithecids is
a shared derived resemblance with Anthropoidea alone. The
lower dental formula of Apidium phiomense is confirmed as 2
X 1 X 3 X 3 by additional specimens which show the incisors.
Based in part on tooth socket counts, the deciduous lower
dental formula was 2 X 1 X 3. New specimens of Parapithecus
grangeri now demonstrate an adult mandibular dental formula
of 0 X 1 X 3 X 3 (not 2 X 1 X 3 X 3 as previously thought)
and a juvenile formula of 1 X 1 X 3. The number of incisors
possessed by Parapithecus fraasi is again open to debate.
Material is insufficient to judge whether this species had a
pair of incisors in each lower jaw quadrant, by analogy with
Apidium, or had undergone reduction to just one incisor. In
any event, the presence of two incisors in another
parapithecid Apidium shows anterior tooth reduction of
Parapithecus grangeri occurred independent of, and should
not be considered a shared derived similarity with,
Tarsiidae, as was once thought.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330620403},
Key = {fds240741}
}
@misc{fds240756,
Author = {Kay, RF and Covert, HH},
Title = {True grit: a microwear experiment.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {61},
Number = {1},
Pages = {33-38},
Year = {1983},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330610104},
Abstract = {Recently we noted the effects of experimental diets on
microscopic dental wear in the American opossum and
concluded that it might prove difficult to distinguish the
microwear produced by an insectivorous diet from that
produced by some kinds of herbivorous ones. We also noted
that wear caused by gritty diets and those containing plant
opal, although they might be confused with one another, are
easily distinguished from other sorts of dietary wear. Our
conclusions have been challenged on the basis that possibly
we did not allow sufficient time in the experiments for
diagnostic wear patterns to emerge. Additional data reported
here show that this is not so. Even in our "control"
animals, fed a relatively soft unabrasive diet, enough time
elapsed to produce significant dental wear. A new technique
is described which for the first time allows the study of
changing patterns of microscopic wear in a living animal
over a period of time, thus allowing each animal to serve as
its own control. A solution containing a broad-spectrum
proteolytic enzyme when applied to the teeth of an
anesthetized animal removes the proteinaceous coat
(pellicle) which will otherwise obscure wear scratches.
Precision dental impressions can then be made which reveal
the details of the pattern of microwear on the
teeth.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330610104},
Key = {fds240756}
}
@misc{fds240667,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {RAMAPITHECUS RECLAIMED},
Journal = {The Sciences},
Volume = {23},
Number = {1},
Pages = {26-27},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {1983},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0036-861X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1983PU67800014&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/j.2326-1951.1983.tb03729.x},
Key = {fds240667}
}
@misc{fds240491,
Author = {Fleagle, JG and Kay, RF},
Title = {New interpretations of the phyletic position of Oligocene
hominoids},
Pages = {181-210},
Booktitle = {New Interpretations of Ape and Human Ancestry},
Publisher = {Plenum Press},
Editor = {Ciochon, RL and Corruccini, RS},
Year = {1983},
Key = {fds240491}
}
@misc{fds240492,
Author = {Kay, RF and Simons, EL},
Title = {A reassessment of the relationship between later Miocene and
subsequent Hominoidea},
Pages = {577-624},
Booktitle = {New Interpretations of Ape and Human Ancestry},
Publisher = {Plenum Press},
Editor = {Ciochon, RL and Corruccini, RS},
Year = {1983},
Key = {fds240492}
}
@misc{fds240689,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Sivapithecus simonsi, a new species of miocene hominoid,
with comments on the phylogenetic status of the
ramapithecinae},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {3},
Number = {2},
Pages = {113-173},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1982},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02693493},
Abstract = {The Ramapithecinae are an extinct, mainly Miocene group of
hominoids, whose relationship to modern taxa is disputed.
Some regard them as hominids, while others view them as
ancestral to Pongo,or even as the group ancestral to both
hominids and extant apes. In this paper a systematic
revision of Ramapithecinae is undertaken. Sivapithecus
sivalensis and Ramapithecus punjabicus are considered the
same species, with the former name having priority. A new
Indian species, Sivapithecus simonsi,is recognized.
Ramapithecine anatomy is reviewed and compared with that of
gracile Australopithecus, early and middle Miocene Proconsul
and Dryopithecus, and living pongids Pan, Gorilla, and
Pongo.Ramapithecines are shown to be much more primitive or
"ape-like" than some have argued. Anatomical data are
evaluated cladistically with several results. Parallel
evolution in the jaws, teeth, and facial structure of
hominoids appears to be the rule rather than the exception.
Bearing this in mind, nevertheless, from the available
evidence of anatomy, ramapithecines are cladistically
hominids. © 1982 Plentum Publishing Corporation.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF02693493},
Key = {fds240689}
}
@misc{fds240742,
Author = {Sheine, WS and Kay, RF},
Title = {A model for comparison of masticatory effectiveness in
primates.},
Journal = {Journal of morphology},
Volume = {172},
Number = {2},
Pages = {139-149},
Year = {1982},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051720202},
Abstract = {A model is presented to express how effectively animals
increase the exposed surface area of their food by chewing.
It includes a coefficient of masticatory effectiveness (E)
the value of which increases with effectiveness of exposing
new food surface area with each chew. Humans and other
species of primates differ significantly in their values of
E; among the nonhuman primates studied, Lemur catta has a
higher coefficient than Lemur fulvus, and both have higher
coefficients than either Varecia variegatus or Galago
crassicaudatus argentatus. The differences among the
coefficients of these prosimians are correlated with
variations in specific features of the molar morphology. Of
six lower molar shearing crests considered, the relative
length of the postmetacristid correlates most highly with
the coefficient of masticatory effectiveness for the
prosimian species. Also, among comparable-sized prosimians,
E correlates significantly with the absolute postmetacristid
length. Both these findings indicate that the relative size
of molar shearing crests is related significantly to how
effectively an animal chews its food. These are also
implications for an adaptation to a high-fiber
diet.},
Doi = {10.1002/jmor.1051720202},
Key = {fds240742}
}
@misc{fds240683,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Sexual dimorphism in Ramapithecinae.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {79},
Series = {Procedings of the National Academy (USA)},
Number = {2},
Pages = {209-212},
Year = {1982},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16593143},
Abstract = {The Ramapithecinae are an extinct, mainly Miocene group of
hominoids comprising the genera Sivapithecus and
Gigantopithecus. Ouranopithecus and Ramapithecus are other
included genera, here regarded as invalid. Cladistically,
ramapithecines are hominid, although, in most aspects of
their anatomy, they remain very primitive or ape-like.
Miocene ramapithecines show reduced sexual dimorphism in
canine size. In this respect they resemble Pliocene/Recent
hominids, not extant great apes (which have highly dimorphic
canines). Reduced dimorphism in canine size is an important
shared derived feature indicating the hominid status of
ramapithecines. Among living anthropoids, a significant
association has been observed between a monogamous social
structure and low canine dimorphism. This supports the
inference that ramapithecines may have been
monogamous.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.79.2.209},
Key = {fds240683}
}
@article{fds240666,
Author = {KAY, RF and COVERT, HH},
Title = {SPECIES NUMBER DETERMINATION AND SPECIMEN ALLOCATION IN
FOSSIL SAMPLES},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {57},
Number = {2},
Pages = {201-201},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1982},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1982NG37000106&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240666}
}
@misc{fds240488,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Advances in San Juan Basin Paleontology by Lucas, et al., an
review},
Journal = {American Scientist},
Volume = {70},
Pages = {318},
Year = {1982},
Key = {fds240488}
}
@misc{fds240490,
Author = {Kay, RF and Cartmill, M and MacPhee, RDE},
Title = {Habitus and heritage in archaic primates
(Plesiadapiformes)},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {302},
Year = {1982},
Key = {fds240490}
}
@misc{fds240489,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Ramapithecines and Human Origins},
Pages = {1-11},
Booktitle = {McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology},
Year = {1982},
Key = {fds240489}
}
@misc{fds240757,
Author = {Fleagle, JG and Kay, RF and Simons, EL},
Title = {Sexual dimorphism in early anthropoids: response to
Leutenegger},
Journal = {Naure},
Volume = {290},
Pages = {609},
Year = {1981},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds240757}
}
@misc{fds240759,
Author = {Covert, HH and Kay, RF},
Title = {Dental microwear and diet: implications for determining the
feeding behaviors of extinct primates, with a comment on the
dietary pattern of Sivapithecus.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {55},
Number = {3},
Pages = {331-336},
Year = {1981},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330550307},
Abstract = {Dental microwear is of special interest for two reasons.
First, it has been proposed that specific dental microwear
patterns are associated with specific diets and therefore
that the diets of extinct forms may be deduced by analysis
of microwear. Second, it has been suggested that the
geometry of wear striations indicates the direction of
masticatory movement. We tested these ideas by analyzing
microwear of laboratory animals fed different diets. Twelve
American opossums (Didelphis marsupialis) were fed soft cat
food for 90 days. Two control animals were fed only this
base diet, five animals had plant fiber added to their diet,
four animals had chitin added to their diet, and one animal
had fine ground pumice added to its diet (for the last 30
days of the feeding period). We examined the wear surface
below the paracristid on the M3 and M4 of each animal by
SEM. No microwear pattern differences were observed on the
plant fiber-fed, chitin-fed, or control animal's molars. The
pumice-fed opossum had a distinct microwear pattern with
many parallel striations, resembling those found on the
teeth of grass-eating hyraxes. These results suggest that
exogenous grit (this study) or plant parts containing
opaline phytoliths produce similar microwear patterns, and
the diets of extinct forms cannot always be deduced by the
analysis of dental microwear. The absence of fine parallel
striations on teeth of Sivapithecus examined by us suggests
that grass parts were not an important part of its diet and
that it avoided dietary fine grit. Furthermore, we found
striations on opossum molars with deep, broad heads and
shallow, narrow tails oriented in opposite directions on the
same Phase I wear facet. This suggests that the geometry of
striations on Phase I wear facets does not allow one to
determine the direction of masticatory movement.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330550307},
Key = {fds240759}
}
@misc{fds240743,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {The ontogeny of premolar dental wear in Cercocebus albigena
(cercopithecidae)},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {54},
Number = {1},
Pages = {153-155},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1981},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330540119},
Abstract = {The orientation of striated wear facets on primate teeth
serves as a useful guide for reconstructing jaw movements
during mastication. Most wear facets on the molars are
formed during one of the two well‐documented movements,
Phase I or Phase II, of the power stroke. Another jaw
movement direction, “orthal retraction” (OR) has been
proposed to account for a third set of facets occasionally
present on the pointed tips of premolars and molars.
Evidence advanced here indicates that OR facets on pointed
anterior premolars (P3) of cercopithecoids are actually
Phase I facets that have become reoriented as a result of a
rotation of this tooth during its eruption. “Orthal
retraction” probably does not exist as a discrete
masticatory phase. Copyright © 1981 Wiley‐Liss, Inc., A
Wiley Company},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330540119},
Key = {fds240743}
}
@misc{fds240744,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {The nut‐crackers – a new theory of the adaptations of
the Ramapithecinae},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {55},
Number = {2},
Pages = {141-151},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1981},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330550202},
Abstract = {Molar enamel is thicker among frugivorous extant Old World
monkeys and apes than among their folivorous close
relatives. Furthermore, species that have the thickest molar
enamel reportedly eat fruits, seeds, and nuts that are so
hard that they cannot be broken by their sympatric
thinner‐enameled relatives. Species with relatively thick
enamel show no tendency toward a terrestrial feeding
pattern. Members of the Ramapithecinae, the stock which
probably gave rise to Pliocene‐Recent hominids, had very
thick molar enamel. This suggests that they ate hard seeds,
nuts, and fruits previously available only to arboreal
rodents and forest‐floor pigs. There is no reason to
believe that these anatomical features had to evolve in
non‐rain‐forest environments, as others have argued.
Copyright © 1981 Wiley‐Liss, Inc., A Wiley
Company},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330550202},
Key = {fds240744}
}
@misc{fds240758,
Author = {Kay, RF and Fleagle, JG and Simons, EL},
Title = {A revision of the Oligocene apes of the Fayum Province,
Egypt},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {55},
Number = {3},
Pages = {293-322},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1981},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330550305},
Abstract = {Three years of field excavations in the Oligocene strata of
the Fayum Province, Egypt, have yielded more than two dozen
new jaws and teeth of fossil apes. This material contributes
significantly to our understanding of catarrhine systematics
and phylogeny. Here we present a systematic revision of the
earliest apes and discuss their relationship with Miocene
forms. Two ape species have been recovered from Quarries I
and M in the Upper Fossil Wood zone of the Jebel el Qatrani
Formation, Aegyptopithecus zeuxis and Propliopithecus
(=Aeolopithecus) chirobates. Female Propliopithecus
chirobates have small canines which somewhat resemble those
of the enigmatic Propliopithecus haeckeli, but have a
longer, narrower P3 than the latter. No specimens of either
P. haeckeli or Moeripithecus markgrafi have been found in
the Upper Fossil Wood zone after ten field seasons,
suggesting that these species may occur only lower in the
section. Aegyptopithecus and Propliopithecus have no shared
derived features that exclude them from the ancestry either
of Old World monkeys or apes. Thus, Aegyptopithecus, the
better known form, is suitably primitive to have been the
ancestor of all later Old World monkeys and apes (and
hominids). The possibility of a separate gibbon or hominid
lineage going back to the Oligocene is unlikely on present
evidence. Copyright © 1981 Wiley‐Liss, Inc., A Wiley
Company},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330550305},
Key = {fds240758}
}
@misc{fds240486,
Author = {Kay, RF and Simons, EL},
Title = {Apidium and Parapithecus},
Series = {McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology},
Pages = {103-105},
Booktitle = {McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology},
Year = {1981},
Key = {fds240486}
}
@misc{fds240487,
Author = {Simons, EL and Kay, RF},
Title = {Aegyptopithecus and Propliopithecus},
Series = {McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology},
Pages = {77-80},
Booktitle = {McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology},
Year = {1981},
Key = {fds240487}
}
@misc{fds240760,
Author = {Fleagle, JG and Kay, RF and Simons, EL},
Title = {Sexual dimorphism in early anthropoids.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {287},
Number = {5780},
Pages = {328-330},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1980},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/287328a0},
Abstract = {Sexual dimorphism in canine/premolar tooth size and in body
size is found among many species of living primates and has
been shown to be correlated with social organization. Among
extant higher primate species that normally live in the
nuclear families consisting of a mated pair with their
offspring, adult males and females are similar in body size
and in the size of canine and anterior premolar teeth. In
contrast, higher primate species living in more 'complex'
polygynous groups (either single-male harems or multi-male
groups) are characterized by sexual dimorphism in the size
of canine/premolar teeth and frequently by body size
dimorphism as well. We provide here the first evidence for
sexual dimorphism in three species of primates from the
Oligocene of Egypt--Aegyptopithecus zeuxis, Propliopithecus
chirobates, and Apidium phiomense. This is the earliest
record of sexual dimorphism among higher primates and
suggests, by analogy with living species, that the earliest
known fossil Old World anthropoids lived in polygynous
(either single-male harems or multi-male groups) rather than
monogamous social groups.},
Doi = {10.1038/287328a0},
Key = {fds240760}
}
@misc{fds240655,
Author = {COVERT, HH and KAY, RF},
Title = {DENTAL MICROWEAR AND DIET - IMPLICATIONS FOR EARLY HOMINID
FEEDING-BEHAVIOR},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {52},
Number = {2},
Pages = {216-216},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1980},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1980JN51700065&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240655}
}
@misc{fds240687,
Author = {Kay, RF and Simons, EL},
Title = {Comments on the adaptive strategy of the first African
anthropoids.},
Journal = {Zeitschrift fur Morphologie und Anthropologie},
Volume = {71},
Number = {2},
Pages = {143-148},
Year = {1980},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds240687}
}
@misc{fds240745,
Author = {SIMONS, EL and KAY, RF},
Title = {DAWN APE PROVIDES CLUE TO SOCIAL-LIFE},
Journal = {GEOTIMES},
Volume = {25},
Number = {5},
Pages = {18-18},
Publisher = {AMER GEOLOGICAL INST},
Year = {1980},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0016-8556},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1980JQ66200006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240745}
}
@article{fds240638,
Author = {KAY, RF},
Title = {THE ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF ENAMEL THICKNESS WITH
IMPLICATIONS FOR HOMINID ORIGINS},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {52},
Number = {2},
Pages = {243-243},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1980},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1980JN51700164&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240638}
}
@article{fds240682,
Author = {SIMONS, EL and KAY, RF and FLEAGLE, JG},
Title = {RECENTLY RECOVERED OLIGOCENE APES FROM EGYPT},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {52},
Number = {2},
Pages = {279-279},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1980},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1980JN51700296&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240682}
}
@misc{fds182183,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and E.L. Simons},
Title = {Comments on the adaptive strategy of the first African
Anthropoidea},
Volume = {71},
Series = {Zeitschrift fur Morphologie und Anthropologie},
Pages = {143-148},
Year = {1980},
Key = {fds182183}
}
@article{fds182225,
Author = {R.F. Kay},
Title = {The adaptative significance of enamel thickness with
implications for hominoid origins},
Journal = {Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.},
Volume = {52},
Pages = {243},
Year = {1980},
Key = {fds182225}
}
@misc{fds240484,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Documenting our antecedents--A review of F. Szalay and E.
Delson's book: Evolutionary History of the
Primates},
Journal = {Paleobiology},
Volume = {6},
Pages = {517-520},
Year = {1980},
Key = {fds240484}
}
@misc{fds240776,
Author = {Kay, RF and Simons, EL},
Title = {The ecology of Oligocene African Anthropoidea},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {1},
Number = {1},
Pages = {21-37},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1980},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02692256},
Abstract = {African anthropoids are first recorded in Early Oligocene
deposits of the Fayum Province, Egypt. Six genera and nine
species are recognized. Estimated body weights for these
taxa are based on the regression equation log 10(B) = 2.86
log 10(L) + 1.37, where B is the body weight in grams, and L
is the M 2 length in millimeters. The equation is derived
from 106 species of living primates. Fayum species range in
body weight from about 600 g (Apidium moustafai)to about
6000 g (Aegyptopithecus zeuxis). A similar range of body
weight is found among extant Cebidae. The Fayum primates are
larger than any extant insectivorous primates;this fact
probably rules out a predominantly insectivorous diet.
Extant frugivorous hominoids can be separated from
folivorous hominoids on the basis of molar morphology.
Folivorous apes (gorilla and siamang) have proportionately
more shearing on their molars than do frugivorous species.
Based on the hominoid analogy, the molar morphology of the
Fayum species is consistent with a frugivorous diet.
Parapithecus grangeri stands apart from other Fayum species
in having better developed molar shearing, possibly
indicating that it had more fiber in its diet. Terrestrial
species of Old World monkeys tend to have significantly
higher molar crowns than do more arboreal species. This
difference may relate to an increased amount of grit in the
diet of the more terrestrial species, selecting for greater
resistance to wear. Oligocene primates have molar crown
heights consistent with a primarily arboreal mode of
existence. However, the particularly high molar crowns of
Parapithecus grangeri suggest that this species may have
foraged on the ground to a considerable degree. Other
evidence is advanced suggesting that Apidium may have had a
diurnal activity pattern. © 1980 Plenum Publishing
Corporation.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF02692256},
Key = {fds240776}
}
@misc{fds240485,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Platyrrhine origins: a reappraisal of the dental
evidence.},
Pages = {159-188},
Booktitle = {Evolutionary Biology of the New World Monkeys and
Continental Drift},
Publisher = {Plenum Press},
Editor = {Ciochon, R and Chiarelli, B},
Year = {1980},
Key = {fds240485}
}
@misc{fds240645,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Physical Anthropology: Analysis of Species‐Specific
Molar Adaptations in Strepsirhine Primates. Daniel
Seligsohn},
Journal = {American Anthropologist},
Volume = {81},
Number = {4},
Pages = {970-971},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {1979},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0002-7294},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1979HX85300080&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1525/aa.1979.81.4.02a00730},
Key = {fds240645}
}
@misc{fds240633,
Author = {Kay, RF and Simons, EL},
Title = {Ecology of Oligocene African Anthropoidea},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {50},
Number = {3},
Pages = {453-453},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1979},
Key = {fds240633}
}
@misc{fds240746,
Author = {Kay, RF and Sheine, WS},
Title = {On the relationship between chitin particle size and
digestibility in the primate Galago senegalensis},
Journal = {Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.},
Volume = {50},
Number = {3},
Pages = {301-308},
Year = {1979},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330500303},
Abstract = {Experiments were performed to examine the relationship
between the particle size of chitin and its digestibility in
the small insectivorous prosimian Galago senegalensis. In
the first set of experiments, four animals were fed a 25%
chitin diet with the chitin particles less than or equal to
60‐mesh (0.250 mm maximum diameter). On average, the
animals digested 22.5 ± 2.2 percent of the ingested chitin.
In the second set of experiments, the four animals were fed
a 25% chitin diet with the chitin particles ground to ≤
40‐ and ≥ 45‐mesh (between 0.425 and 0.325 mm). On
average, the animals digested 2.75 ± 1.38 percent of the
ingested chitin. There was no significant variation between
the performance of any of the animals on either the 60‐ or
40–45‐mesh trials. In all instances, however, each
animal digested significantly more of the 60‐mesh chitin
and the 40–45‐mesh chitin. These experiments demonstrate
the importance of masticatory efficiency among small mammals
for improving the digestibility of foods such as insects
which contain high proportions of chitin. They also suggest
why insectivorous and folivorous primates have certain
convergent dental specializations for finely grinding their
foods. Both leaves and insects contain relatively
indigestible structural carbohydrates. These substances are
much more completely digested when the surface area to
volume ratio of the swallowed material is increased. The
masticatory efficiency of frugivorous primates is much lower
since the constituents of these foods are relatively
completely digested irrespective of the fineness of
grinding. Copyright © 1979 Wiley‐Liss, Inc., A Wiley
Company},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330500303},
Key = {fds240746}
}
@misc{fds240747,
Author = {Kay, RF and Sussman, RW and Tattersall, I},
Title = {Dietary and dental variations in the genus Lemur, with
comments concerning dietary-dental correlations among
Malagasy primates.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {49},
Number = {1},
Pages = {119-127},
Year = {1978},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330490118},
Abstract = {Field studies of feeding in the lemur subspecies Lemur
fulvus rufus and L. f. mayottensis have revealed that
feeding patterns within a single species can be markedly
different, both regionally and seasonally. Thus L. f. rufus
is a dietary specialist (3 plant species accounting for
80-90% of feeding time), and is highly folivorous,
especially during the dry season (90% of feeding time spent
eating leaves during the dry season, and 53% during the wet
season). On the other hand, L. f. mayottensis is more
generalized dietarily (the parts of 12 plant species
accounting for 90% of feeding time), and is primarily
frugivorous (64% of feeding time spent eating fruit, with a
monthly maximum during the wet season of 79%. In both these
respects, L. f. mayottensis resembles L. catta are more
closely thant it does L. f. rufus. When size differences are
corrected for, Lemur fulvus rufus has significantly longer
second lower molar shearing crests than does L. f.
mayottensis. Other folivorous Malagasy strepsirhines also
tend to have long shearing crests than frugivorous forms.
Some data on cheirogaleines also suggest that the more
insectivorous species have better developed molar crests
than frugivorous species. Some apparent exceptions to this
pattern are noted, especially for Lemur catta, which in
certain functional respects dentally more closely resembles
L. f. rufus than L. f. mayottensis. The problems of dietary
classifications are discussed.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330490118},
Key = {fds240747}
}
@article{fds240649,
Author = {KAY, RF and SHEINE, WS},
Title = {MODEL FOR COMPARISON OF MASTICATORY EFFICIENCY IN
PRIMATES},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {48},
Number = {3},
Pages = {410-411},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1978},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1978EQ62800141&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240649}
}
@misc{fds182181,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and W.L. Hylander},
Title = {The dental structure of mammalian folivores with special
reference to primates and Phalangeroidea
(Marsupialia)},
Pages = {173 - 191},
Booktitle = {The Ecology of Arboreal Folivores},
Publisher = {Smithsonian Institution Press: Washington, D.
C.},
Editor = {G.G. Montgomery},
Year = {1978},
Key = {fds182181}
}
@misc{fds240483,
Author = {Kay, RF and Sheine, WS},
Title = {A model for the comparison of mastication efficiency in
primates},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {48},
Pages = {110-111},
Year = {1978},
Key = {fds240483}
}
@misc{fds240479,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Kay, RF},
Title = {Craniodental morphology, tarsier affinities, and primate
suborders},
Pages = {205-214},
Booktitle = {Recent Advances in Primatology: Evolution},
Publisher = {Academic Press},
Editor = {Chivers, DJ and Joysey, KA},
Year = {1978},
Key = {fds240479}
}
@misc{fds240480,
Author = {Fleagle, JG and Kay, RF},
Title = {New interpretations of the phyletic position of Oligocene
hominoids},
Pages = {181-210},
Booktitle = {New Interpretations of Ape and Human Ancestry},
Publisher = {Plenum Press},
Editor = {Ciochon, RL and Corruccini, RS},
Year = {1978},
Key = {fds240480}
}
@misc{fds240481,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Molar structure and diet in extant Cercopithecoidea},
Pages = {309-339},
Booktitle = {Development, Function and Evolution of Teeth},
Publisher = {Academic Press},
Editor = {Butler, PM and Joysey, K},
Year = {1978},
Key = {fds240481}
}
@misc{fds240482,
Author = {Kay, RF and Hylander, WL},
Title = {The dental structure of mammalian folivores wiht special
reference to primates and Phalangeroidea
(Marsupialia)},
Pages = {173-191},
Booktitle = {The Ecology of Arboreal Folivores},
Publisher = {Smithsonian Institution Press},
Editor = {Montgomery, GG},
Year = {1978},
Key = {fds240482}
}
@misc{fds240751,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Diets of early Miocene African hominoids},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {268},
Number = {5621},
Pages = {628-630},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1977},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/268628a0},
Abstract = {MOST reviewers of East African early Miocene apes have been
impressed by their similarity, as an adaptive array, to
living Cebidae. These apes are most frequently pictured as
small to medium-sized cebid-like quadrupeds occupying
arboreal1-6, fruit-and leaf-eating3,7,8, tropical
rainforest9 niches. It has also been suggested that the
decline in the diversity of apes in middle to late Miocene
times was triggered by ecological competition from rapidly
radiating cercopithecids9-11. In this report I examine the
molar structure of early Miocene hominoids to see whether or
not these species occupied a wide spectrum of fruit- and
leaf-eating niches, similar to those of today's
cercopithecids. © 1977 Nature Publishing
Group.},
Doi = {10.1038/268628a0},
Key = {fds240751}
}
@misc{fds240750,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {The evolution of molar occlusion in the Cercopithecidae and
early Catarrhines.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {46},
Number = {2},
Pages = {327-352},
Year = {1977},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330460213},
Abstract = {Those Eocene prosimians which are possible catarrhine
ancestors have four blade-like crests on each lower molar.
Each crest shears in sequence across two upper molar crests.
Occluding crests are concavely curved to hold the foods
being sheared. Each of two medial lower molar crests
bordering the principal crushing surface shear past single
upper molar crests at about the same time the lateral lower
molar crests contact the second rank of upper molar crests.
Grinding and crushing areas are restricted to hypoconid,
trigonid, and protocone surfaces. Oligocene catarrhine
molars have increased crushing-grinding capacities and
maintained but modify their shearing. As the crushing
surface of the protocone expands and a crushing hypocone is
added, the "second rank" upper molar shearing crests are
functionally reduced. At the same time medial crests are
increasingly emphasized so that the total shearing capacity
remains virtually unchanged. Marginal shearing blades are
straight edged; leading edges of occluding blades are set at
different angles to the occlusal plane so that blades
contact at only one point at any given time. Early Primates
have separate crushing basins surrounded by shearing blades.
Catarrhines tend to link explanding crushing surfaces
anteroposteriorly into a continuous surface between all
molars. A cladistic analysis based on both new and
previously recognized characters indicates that: 1. Apidium
may be more closely related to Aegyptopithecus than to
Parapithecus; 2. cercopithecids are derived from a
Parapithecus-related stock; 3. Oreopithecus could equally
well have come from an Apidium or Aegyptopithecus
stock.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330460213},
Key = {fds240750}
}
@misc{fds240748,
Author = {Sheine, WS and Kay, RF},
Title = {An analysis of chewed food particle size and its
relationship to molar structure in the primatesCheirogaleus
medius andGalago senegalensis and the insectivoranTupaia
glis},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {47},
Number = {1},
Pages = {15-20},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1977},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330470106},
Abstract = {The chewed food particle size and shearing capacity of the
lower molars of two primate species, the fat‐tailed dwarf
lemur,Cheirogaleus medius and the bushbabyGalago
senegalensis, and an insectivoran, the tree shrew,Tupaia
glis, were compared. Differences in the shearing design of
the lower molars correlate strongly with the chewed food
particle size in these species: the greater the shearing
capacity, the smaller the chewed food particles. These three
species are of comparable size but differ greatly in diet in
the wild.C. medius primarily eats fruit and nectar, whileG.
senegalensis andT. glis are largely insect‐eaters. The
lower molars ofG. senegalensis andT. glis show a much
greater shearing capacity than do those ofC. medius. The
average length of chewed food particles ofC. medius is
significantly larger than that ofG. senegalensis, while that
ofT. glis is intermediate between the two primates but is
closer to that ofG. senegalensis. Our findings that
insect‐eating species grind their food more finely than do
fruit‐ and resin‐eating species can be correlated with
digestibility of foods: finely chewing foods such as fruits
which are low in relatively undigestible cell wall
components would not greatly improve their digestibility, so
a highly efficient food processing apparatus would be less
important to the animal's survival. Insect‐eaters much
more finely chew their foods, implying that there is some
constituent of insect bodies difficult to digest, and that
grinding increases its digestibility. We suggest that this
constituent is chitin. Copyright © 1977 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.,
A Wiley Company},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330470106},
Key = {fds240748}
}
@misc{fds240749,
Author = {Kay, RF and Cartmill, M},
Title = {Cranial morphology and adaptations of Palaechthon nacimienti
and other paromomyidae (Plesiadapoidea, ? primates), with a
description of a new genus and species},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {6},
Number = {1},
Pages = {19-53},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1977},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2484(77)80040-7},
Abstract = {The Middle Paleocene paromomyid Palaechthon nacimienti has
the most primitive cranial anatomy known for any
plesiadapoid. In relative size and functional morphology,
its molars resemble those of primates and tree shrews known
to feed largely on insects. Its orbits were small, laterally
directed, and widely separated, and the relative size of its
infraorbital foramen shows that it had well-developed facial
vibrissae resembling those of extant erinaceids. Its
anterior dentition was probably also hedgehog-like. These
features suggest that it was a predominantly terrestrial
insect-eater, guided largely by tactile, auditory and
olfactory sensation in its pursuit of prey. Adaptations to
living in trees and feeding on plants probably developed in
parallel in more than one lineage descended from the
ancestral plesiadapoids. A new genus and species of
paromomyid, Talpohenach torrejonius, is erected for material
originally identified as Palaechthon. © 1977 Academic Press
Inc. (London) Ltd. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0047-2484(77)80040-7},
Key = {fds240749}
}
@article{fds240672,
Author = {KAY, RF},
Title = {POST-OLIGOCENE EVOLUTION OF CATARRHINE DIETS},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {47},
Number = {1},
Pages = {141-142},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1977},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1977DM20000117&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240672}
}
@misc{fds240477,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Prosimian Biology, a review},
Journal = {American Scientist},
Year = {1976},
Key = {fds240477}
}
@misc{fds240478,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Evolution of molar function in catarrhines},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {44},
Pages = {190},
Year = {1976},
Key = {fds240478}
}
@article{fds240476,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Kay, RF},
Title = {Craniodental morphology and development and the problem of
tarsier affinities},
Volume = {Abstract volume},
Series = {VI Int. Cong. Primatology, Abstracts},
Pages = {93},
Year = {1976},
Key = {fds240476}
}
@misc{fds240761,
Author = {Hylander, W and Kay, RF},
Title = {Maxillary premolar reduction in the golden
monkey},
Journal = {Journal of Dental Research},
Volume = {54},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1242},
Year = {1975},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0022-0345},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/811696},
Key = {fds240761}
}
@misc{fds240752,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {The functional adaptations of primate molar
teeth.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {43},
Number = {2},
Pages = {195-216},
Year = {1975},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330430207},
Abstract = {Measurements were taken on the upper and lower molars of 37
species of primates and one tupaiid to assess the relative
importance of shearing, crushing and grinding features.
Significant correlations were found between pairs of
allometrically standardized dimensions which measure the
same molar function (shearing, crushing, or grinding).
Correlations between pairs of dimensions which do not
measure the same function are not significant. Second molar
adaptations for shearing, crushing, and grinding, as well as
the length of the second lower molar, and the total surface
of the post-canine dentition are negatively allometric with
respect to metabolic rate. Species which take different
proportions of fruit, leaves, and insects in their diets
have different molar structure. Frugivores have small teeth
for their adult body size with poorly developed shearing,
crushing, and grinding features on their molars. By
contrast, leaf-eating species tend to have large teeth for
their adult body size with well developed shearing,
crushing, and grinding. The second molars of insectivorous
species were found to parallel closely those of leaf-eating
species. The two groups are clearly distinguishable from the
former on the basis of body size alone: the smallest living
primate leaf-eater is on order of magnitude larger than the
largest living primate insectivore.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330430207},
Key = {fds240752}
}
@misc{fds240642,
Author = {KAY, RF and CARTMILL, M},
Title = {SKULL OF PALAECHTHON AND COMMENTS ON ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS
OF PLESIADAPOIDEA},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {42},
Number = {2},
Pages = {311-311},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1975},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1975V884600119&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240642}
}
@misc{fds240762,
Author = {KAY, RF},
Title = {ALLOMETRY AND EARLY HOMINIDS - COMMENT},
Journal = {SCIENCE},
Volume = {189},
Number = {4196},
Pages = {63-63},
Publisher = {AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE},
Year = {1975},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1975AF91000025&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240762}
}
@misc{fds303347,
Author = {Hylander, WL and Kay, RF},
Title = {Maxillary premolar reduction in the golden monkey
(Rhinopithecus roxellanae)},
Journal = {Journal of Dental Research},
Volume = {54},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1242},
Year = {1975},
ISSN = {0022-0345},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/811696},
Doi = {10.1177/00220345750540063201},
Key = {fds303347}
}
@misc{fds240753,
Author = {Kay, RF and Cartmill, M},
Title = {Skull of Palaechthon nacimienti},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {252},
Number = {5478},
Pages = {37-38},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1974},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/252037a0},
Abstract = {SPECIES in or near the ancestry of living primates first
appear in the late Cretaceous and early Palaeocene of North
America. Subsequent adaptive radiation of the
Purgatorius-like ancestral stock produced the plesiadapoid
families (Plesiadapidae, Carpolestidae, Paromomyidae) of the
middle and late Palaeocene. Specialised members of all three
families survived into the early Eocene, the paromomyid
genus Phenacolemur persisting into the late Eocene. Most of
the plesiadapoid species are known only from incomplete
dentitions. In 1948, a crushed but nearly complete skull of
a paromomyid was recovered from strata of middle Palaeocene
age in the Kutz Canyon area of the San Juan Basin, New
Mexico. The specimen has been described by Wilson and
Szalay1, who assign it to a new species (P. nacimienti) of
the genus Palaechthon, known also from the mid-Palaeocene of
Montana and Wyoming. The loss of the upper and lower first
premolars excludes P. nacimienti from the ancestry of some
of the Eocene prosimian lineages. Nevertheless, its
persistently primitive molar morphology suggests that it may
more closely resemble the last common ancestor of the
plesiadapoids and the Eocene primates of modern aspect than
do other plesiadapoids for which cranial remains are known.
Skulls or partial skulls are known for dentally more
specialised genera of each plesiadapoid family: Plesiadapis
(Plesiadapidae), Carpolestes (Carpolestidae), and
Phenacolemur (Paromomyidae).) We present here a
reconstruction of the skull of P. nacimienti, together with
some preliminary functional interpretations of its cranial
and dental anatomy. © 1974 Nature Publishing
Group.},
Doi = {10.1038/252037a0},
Key = {fds240753}
}
@misc{fds240763,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Body size, molar structure and diet in primates},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {41},
Pages = {487-488},
Year = {1974},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds240763}
}
@misc{fds240764,
Author = {Kay, RF and Hiiemae, KM},
Title = {Jaw movement and tooth use in recent and fossil
primates.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {40},
Number = {2},
Pages = {227-256},
Year = {1974},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330400210},
Abstract = {Masticatory movements and molar wear facets in species of
Tupaia, Galago, Saimiri, and Ateles were examined using
cinefluorography and occlusal analysis. The molars were
compared with those of a fossil series: Palenochtha,
Pelycodus and Aegyptopithecus. The extant primates are
almost identical in their feeding behavior, the movements
and timing of the masticatory cycle. Food is first puncture
crushed where the cycle is elongated, the power stroke
attenuated and abrasion facets are produced on the molars.
Chewing follows, the movements are more complex, the power
stroke has two distinct parts and attrition facets are
produced. In the primitive forms (Tupaia, Palenochtha),
shearing blades, arranged in series (en echelon) were used
to cut the food during the first part (Phase I) of the power
stroke as the lower teeth move into centric occlusion. This
mechanism has been progressively replaced by a system of
blade ringed compression chambers which cut and
compartmentalise the food in Phase I. This is followed by an
anteromedially and inferiorly directed movement away from
centric occlusion (Phase II) in which the food is ground. In
both extant and fossil series there has been a clear trend
towards the elongation of Phase II with a corresponding
reduction in Phase I. These results suggest that the
observed changes in the morphology of the jaw apparatus have
probably occurred within the limits set by a preexisting
behavioral pattern.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330400210},
Key = {fds240764}
}
@misc{fds240475,
Author = {Kay, RF and Hiiemae, KM},
Title = {Mastication in Galago crassicaudatus, a cinefluorographic
and occlusal study},
Pages = {501-530},
Booktitle = {Prosimian Biology},
Publisher = {Duckworth},
Editor = {Martin, RD and Doyle, GA and Walker, AC},
Year = {1974},
Key = {fds240475}
}
@misc{fds240765,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Letter: Humerus of robust Australopithecus.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {182},
Number = {4110},
Pages = {396},
Year = {1973},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.182.4110.396},
Doi = {10.1126/science.182.4110.396},
Key = {fds240765}
}
@misc{fds28789,
Author = {Kay, R.F.},
Title = {Mastication, molar tooth structure and diet in primates, Ph.
D. dissertation},
Pages = {450},
Publisher = {Yale University: New Haven, CT},
Year = {1973},
Key = {fds28789}
}
@misc{fds240474,
Author = {Kay, RF},
Title = {Mastication, Molar Tooth Structure and Diet in
Primates},
Journal = {Dissertation Abstracts International},
Volume = {B34},
Series = {Dissertation Abstracts International},
Pages = {5293},
Year = {1973},
Key = {fds240474}
}
@misc{fds240472,
Author = {Hiiemae, KM and Kay, RF},
Title = {Evolutionary trends in the dynamics of primate
mastication},
Volume = {3},
Series = {Symp. Fourth Int. Cong. Primatology, Vol 3: Craniofacial
Biology of Primates},
Pages = {28-64},
Booktitle = {Symp. Fourth Int. Cong. Primatology, Vol 3: Craniofacial
Biology of Primates},
Publisher = {Karger},
Editor = {Zingeser, MR},
Year = {1973},
Key = {fds240472}
}
@misc{fds303337,
Author = {Hiiemae, KM and Kay, RF},
Title = {Evolutionary trends in the dynamics of primate
mastication.},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {28-64},
Year = {1973},
Key = {fds303337}
}
@article{fds240766,
Author = {Hiemae, K and Kay, RF},
Title = {Trends in the evolution of primate mastication.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {240},
Number = {5382},
Pages = {486-487},
Year = {1972},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/240486a0},
Abstract = {A DETAILED study of feeding behaviour and tooth use has been
made in four extant primates, Tupaia, Galago, Saimiri, and
Ateles, using a combination of cinefluorography and occlusal
analysis. These primates were chosen because they form a
structural series: a parallel series of fossil primates,
Palenochtha, Pelycodus and Aegyptopithecus has also been
studied. © 1972 Nature Publishing Group.},
Doi = {10.1038/240486a0},
Key = {fds240766}
}
%% Kenyon-Flatt, Brittany
@article{fds373336,
Author = {Kenyon-Flatt, B and von Cramon-Taubadel, N},
Title = {Intrageneric taxonomic distinction based on morphological
variation in the macaque (Macaca) skeleton.},
Journal = {Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)},
Volume = {307},
Number = {1},
Pages = {118-140},
Year = {2024},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.25283},
Abstract = {Taxonomic classification is important for understanding the
natural world, yet current methods for species assessment
often focus on craniodental morphology rather than the
entire skeleton. Moreover, it is currently unknown how much
variation could, or should, exist intragenerically. Here, we
tested whether taxonomy can be accurately predicted based on
patterns of morphological variation in macaques
(H<sub>1</sub> ) and whether postcranial bones reflect
subgeneric macaque taxonomy similarly, or better, than the
cranium (H<sub>2</sub> ). Data included 3D scans of cranial
and postcranial bones for eight macaque species (Macaca
arctoides, Macaca fascicularis, Macaca fuscata, Macaca
mulatta, Macaca nemestrina, Macaca nigra, Macaca radiata,
and Macaca sylvanus). Fixed anatomical and semilandmarks
were applied to scans of eight skeletal elements
(crania = 45; mandible = 31; scapula = 66;
humerus = 38; radius = 33; os coxa = 28;
femur = 40; tibia = 40). For each skeletal element,
regression analyses were performed to minimize the effects
of sexual dimorphism. Between-groups principal components
analysis was used to visualize the major patterns of
among-species morphological variation, while the strength of
correct taxon classification was measured with discriminant
function analysis. Results suggested accepting the alternate
hypothesis that different macaque species can be
distinguished morphologically. Both cranial and many
postcranial elements appeared to possess a taxonomic signal,
and the limb bones-especially the upper limb-are reported to
be more useful for taxonomic assessment than previously
realized. Theoretically, certain behaviors and/or
ecogeographical factors, as well as phylogeny, influenced
skeletal morphology in macaques, likely contributing to
taxonomic distinctions among different species.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.25283},
Key = {fds373336}
}
@article{fds373337,
Author = {Kenyon-Flatt, B and Conaway, MA and Lycett, SJ and von
Cramon-Taubadel, N},
Title = {The relative efficacy of the cranium and os coxa for
taxonomic assessment in macaques.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {173},
Number = {2},
Pages = {350-367},
Year = {2020},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24100},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>The cranium is generally considered more
reliable than the postcranium for assessing primate
taxonomy, although recent research suggests that pelvic
shape may be equally reliable. However, little research has
focused on intrageneric taxonomic discrimination. Here, we
test the relative taxonomic efficacy of the cranium and os
coxa for differentiating two macaque species, with and
without considering sexual dimorphism.<h4>Materials and
methods</h4>Geometric morphometric analyses were performed
on cranial and os coxa landmarks for 119 adult Macaca
fascicularis, M. mulatta, and Chlorocebus pygerythrus.
Among-group shape variation was examined using canonical
variates analyses. Cross-validated discriminant function
analysis provided rates of correct group classification.
Additionally, average morphological distances were compared
with neutral genetic distances.<h4>Results</h4>Macaque
species were clearly differentiated, both cranially and
pelvically, when sex was not considered. Males were more
often correctly classified based on the os coxa, while
female classification rates were high for both morphologies.
Female crania and male os coxa were differentiated
approximately the same as genetic distance, while male
crania were more similar (convergent), and female os coxa
were more divergent than expected based on genetic
distance.<h4>Discussion</h4>The hypothesis that cranial and
os coxal shape can be used to discriminate among macaque
species was supported. The cranium was better at
differentiating females, while the os coxa was better at
differentiating male macaques. Hence, there is no a priori
reason for preferring the cranium when assessing
intragenetic taxonomic relationships, but the effects of
high levels of sexual dimorphism must be corrected for to
accurately assess taxonomic signatures.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.24100},
Key = {fds373337}
}
@misc{fds373338,
Author = {Baumgarten, SE and Kenyon-Flatt, B},
Title = {Metric methods for estimating sex utilizing the
pelvis},
Pages = {171-184},
Booktitle = {Sex Estimation of the Human Skeleton: History, Methods, and
Emerging Techniques},
Year = {2020},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780128157688},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815767-1.00011-0},
Abstract = {The innominate is commonly viewed as the best skeletal
element used in the estimation of sex of an unknown
individual, and non-metric methods have dominated. However,
metric methods can provide a more objective means of
estimation. Previous metric studies cite accuracy rates of
at least 90% range—though many of these methods use
measurements based on landmarks that are difficult to find
and nearly impossible to replicate, leading to high
interobserver error rates—and, in many cases, must be used
on complete innominates in addition to the proximal femur.
Recently, several new metric sex estimation methods have
been published that attempt to remedy the issues with
traditional metric methods. These studies are promising,
with many claiming accuracy rates of at least 95% in diverse
samples from around the world, avoiding bias in sex
classification due to ancestry.},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-815767-1.00011-0},
Key = {fds373338}
}
%% Kivell, Tracy L.
@misc{fds160103,
Author = {T.L. Kivell and D. Schmitt and R.E. Wunderlich},
Title = {Hand and foot pressures in the aye-aye (Daubentonia
madagascariensis) reveal novel solutions to the problem of
walking on gracile digits.},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds160103}
}
@misc{fds147599,
Author = {Kivell,TL and Begun DR},
Title = {New primate carpal bones from Rudabanya (late Miocene,
Hungary): Taxonomic and functional implications},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds147599}
}
@misc{fds156289,
Author = {Begun DR and Kivell TL},
Title = {Knuckle-walking in Sivapithecus: the combined effects of
homology and homoplasy and its implications for the origin
of human bipedalism},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds156289}
}
@article{fds159186,
Author = {Kivell TL and Schmitt D},
Title = {Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes
shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking
ancestor},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds159186}
}
@misc{fds159089,
Author = {Kivell TL and Doyle SK and Madden RH and Mitchell, TL and Sims, EL},
Title = {An interactive method for teaching anatomy of the eye to
medical students during ophthalmology clinical
rotations},
Journal = {Anatomical Sciences Education},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds159089}
}
@article{fds157845,
Author = {Kivell TL and Wunderlich RE and Kramer EM. 2009},
Title = {Aye-aye hand and foot postures and loading during
quadrupedal locomotion},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {S48},
Pages = {252},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds157845}
}
@article{fds157846,
Author = {Wunderlich RE and Kivell TL. 2009},
Title = {Postcranial ontogeny in captive sifaka (Propithecus
verreauxi)},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {S48},
Pages = {432},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds157846}
}
@article{fds157847,
Author = {Kivell TL and Guimont I. 2009.},
Title = {Evolutionary implications of sexual dimorphism in the human
midcarpal joint},
Journal = {American Association of Anatomists},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds157847}
}
@article{fds157848,
Author = {Kivell TL and Doyle SK and Madden RH and Mitchell, TL and Sims, EL.
2009},
Title = {An interactive method for teaching anatomy of the human eye
for ophthalmology rotations using suid eyes},
Journal = {American Association of Anatomists},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds157848}
}
@article{fds157849,
Author = {Kivell TL and Kramer EM and Wunderlich RE},
Title = {Aye-aye hand posture and loading of their specialized digits
during quadrupedal locomotion},
Journal = {Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds157849}
}
@article{fds157850,
Author = {Kivell TL and Kramer EM and Wunderlich RE},
Title = {Aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) hand posture and
loading of their specialized digits during quadrupedal
locomotion},
Journal = {Southeast regional SICB meeting for the Divisions of
Vertebrate Morphology and Comparative Biomechanics},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds157850}
}
@misc{fds156290,
Author = {Kivell TL and Schmitt D},
Title = {Evidence of independent evolution of knuckle-walking in
African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a
knuckle-walking ancestor},
Journal = {PNAS},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds156290}
}
@article{fds141468,
Author = {Kivell, TL. 2008},
Title = {Ontogeny of the hominoid carpus: Did we evolve from a
knuckle-walking ancestor?},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {S46},
Pages = {131-132},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds141468}
}
@misc{fds70605,
Author = {Kivell TL and Begun DR. 2007},
Title = {Frequency and timing of scaphoid-os centrale fusion in
hominoids},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {52},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds70605}
}
@misc{fds70606,
Author = {McGoogan K and Kivell TL and Hutchinson M and Young H and Blanchard S and Lehman SM. 2007},
Title = {Conservation priorities for African primates using
phylogenetic diversity measures},
Journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
Volume = {34},
Number = {11},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds70606}
}
@article{fds141469,
Author = {Guimont I and Kivell TL. 2007},
Title = {Inter- and intraspecific differences in primate carpal
morphology},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {44},
Pages = {121},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds141469}
}
@misc{fds141463,
Author = {Kivell, TL},
Title = {Discovering the past: Sibudu Cave},
Pages = {142-143},
Booktitle = {World Prehistory and Archaeology: Pathways through
time},
Publisher = {Allyn & Bacon},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds141463}
}
@article{fds141464,
Author = {Begun DR and Ward CV and Deane AC and Kivell TL and Nargolwalla MC and Taylor N},
Title = {The phylogeny and functional anatomy of Pierolapithecus
catalaunicus},
Journal = {Am J Phys Anthropology},
Volume = {S42},
Pages = {63},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds141464}
}
@article{fds141465,
Author = {Kivell TL and Begun DR. 2006},
Title = {Functional morphology of new Dryopithecus carpals from
Rudabánya, Hungary},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {42},
Pages = {114},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds141465}
}
@article{fds141466,
Author = {Kivell TL. 2005},
Title = {Phylogenetic and functional analysis of primate carpal
ossification sequences: a test of two methods},
Journal = {Am J Phys Anthropology},
Volume = {S40},
Pages = {130-131},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds141466}
}
@article{fds141467,
Author = {Begun DR and Kivell TL and Kordos L. 2003},
Title = {New Miocene primate postcranial fossils from Rudabánya,
Hungary},
Journal = {Am J Phys Anthropology},
Volume = {S36},
Pages = {63-64},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds141467}
}
%% Kolinski, Lev
@article{fds372321,
Author = {Beehner, JC and Alfaro, J and Allen, C and Benítez, ME and Bergman, TJ and Buehler, MS and Carrera, SC and Chester, EM and Deschner, T and Fuentes,
A and Gault, CM and Godoy, I and Jack, KM and Kim, JD and Kolinski, L and Kulick, NK and Losch, T and Ordoñez, JC and Perry, SE and Pinto, F and Reilly, OT and Johnson, ET and Wasserman, MD},
Title = {Using an on-site laboratory for fecal steroid analysis in
wild white-faced capuchins.},
Journal = {General and comparative endocrinology},
Volume = {329},
Pages = {114109},
Year = {2022},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114109},
Abstract = {Hormone laboratories located "on-site" where field studies
are being conducted have a number of advantages. On-site
laboratories allow hormone analyses to proceed in
near-real-time, minimize logistics of sample
permits/shipping, contribute to in-country
capacity-building, and (our focus here) facilitate
cross-site collaboration through shared methods and a shared
laboratory. Here we provide proof-of-concept that an on-site
hormone laboratory (the Taboga Field Laboratory, located in
the Taboga Forest Reserve, Costa Rica) can successfully run
endocrine analyses in a remote location. Using fecal samples
from wild white-faced capuchins (Cebus imitator) from three
Costa Rican forests, we validate the extraction and analysis
of four steroid hormones (glucocorticoids, testosterone,
estradiol, progesterone) across six assays (DetectX® and
ISWE, all from Arbor Assays). Additionally, as the first
collaboration across three long-term, wild capuchin field
sites (Lomas Barbudal, Santa Rosa, Taboga) involving local
Costa Rican collaborators, this laboratory can serve as a
future hub for collaborative exchange.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114109},
Key = {fds372321}
}
@article{fds372322,
Author = {Kolinski, L and Milich, KM},
Title = {Human-Wildlife Conflict Mitigation Impacts Community
Perceptions around Kibale National Park,
Uganda},
Journal = {Diversity},
Volume = {13},
Number = {4},
Pages = {145-145},
Publisher = {MDPI AG},
Year = {2021},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13040145},
Abstract = {<jats:p>The attitudes of community members living around
protected areas are an important and often overlooked
consideration for effective conservation strategies. Around
Kibale National Park (KNP) in western Uganda, communities
regularly face the threat of crop destruction from wildlife,
including from a variety of endangered species, such as
African elephants (Loxodonta africana), common chimpanzees
(Pan troglodytes), and red colobus monkeys (Piliocolobus
tephrosceles), as well as other nonhuman primates, including
olive baboons (Papio anubis). These frequent negative
interactions with wildlife lead many community members to
resent the park and the animals that live within it. To
mitigate these issues, community members around KNP
partnered with researchers to start a participatory action
research project to reduce human-wildlife interactions. The
project tested four sustainable human-wildlife conflict
mitigation strategies: digging and maintaining trenches
around the park border, installing beehive fences in swampy
areas where trenches could not be dug, planting tea as a
buffer, and growing garlic as a cash crop. These physical
exclusion methods and agriculture-based deterrents aimed to
reduce crop destruction by wild animals and improve
conditions for humans and wildlife alike. We conducted oral
surveys with members of participating communities and a
nonparticipating community that border KNP to determine the
impact of these sustainable human-wildlife conflict
mitigation strategies on attitudes toward KNP, wildlife
officials, and animal species in and around KNP. We found
that there is a positive correlation between participation
in the project and perceived benefits of living near KNP. We
also found that respondents who participated in the project
reported more positive feelings about the Uganda Wildlife
Authority, the organization that oversees KNP. This research
will help inform future conservation initiatives around KNP
and other areas where humans and animals face conflict
through crop damage.</jats:p>},
Doi = {10.3390/d13040145},
Key = {fds372322}
}
@article{fds372323,
Author = {Milich, KM and Sorbello, K and Kolinski, L and Busobozi, R and Kugonza,
M},
Title = {Case study of participatory action research for wildlife
conservation},
Journal = {Conservation Science and Practice},
Volume = {3},
Number = {2},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2021},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/csp2.347},
Abstract = {<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Negative
interactions between humans and wildlife create one of the
greatest threats to biodiversity conservation. When wild
animals damage the crops in agricultural fields, subsistence
farmers suffer food insecurity and economic instability.
Animals can be killed or injured during these interactions,
and communities may develop negative feelings about
conservation. To address conservation concerns, projects
should look at both sides of these interactions. A
Participatory Action Research approach allows researchers
and community members to work collaboratively to investigate
and take action in response to this issue. Our team
developed a community project to determine residents'
perceptions of the benefits and costs of living around
Kibale National Park, Uganda, and to implement changes to
mitigate those costs. During our initial survey in 2015, we
found that over 80% of our 114 respondents were subsistence
farmers with no other source of income. All respondents felt
that crop damage by wild animals was the biggest problem
with living near the park, and they had negative feelings
about the park and animals. Thus, we worked with project
participants to establish the following land‐use changes
throughout 2016 and 2017: (a) planting garlic as a cash
crop, (b) planting tea as a buffer crop, (c) building
beehive fences, and (d) maintaining a trench around the
boundary of the park. Through monthly surveys, we assessed
the success of these changes on reducing crop damage and
improving conservation initiatives. Compliance with
land‐use changes was significantly associated with a
reduction in the events of crop damage, which has
implications for economic stability and an individual's
attitude about conservation. This project provides
guidelines for using Participatory Action Research methods
to develop sustainable interventions to improve
human‐wildlife interactions.</jats:p>},
Doi = {10.1111/csp2.347},
Key = {fds372323}
}
%% Kozma, Elaine
@article{fds346559,
Author = {Laird, MF and Kozma, EE and Kwekason, A and Harrison,
T},
Title = {A new fossil cercopithecid tibia from Laetoli and its
implications for positional behavior and
paleoecology.},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {118},
Pages = {27-42},
Year = {2018},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.02.005},
Abstract = {Detailed analyses and comparisons of postcranial specimens
of Plio-Pleistocene cercopithecids provide an opportunity to
examine the recent evolutionary history and locomotor
diversity in Old World monkeys. Studies examining the
positional behavior and substrate preferences of fossil
cercopithecids are also important for reconstructing the
paleoenvironments of Plio-Pleistocene hominin sites. Here we
describe a new fossil cercopithecid tibia (EP 1100/12) from
the Australopithecus afarensis-bearing Upper Laetolil Beds
(∼3.7 Ma) of Laetoli in northern Tanzania. The fossil
tibia is attributed to cf. Rhinocolobus sp., which is the
most common colobine at Laetoli. In addition to qualitative
comparisons, the tibial shape of EP 1100/12 was compared to
that of 190 extant cercopithecids using three-dimensional
landmarks. Discriminant function analyses of the shape data
were used to assess taxonomic affinity and shape variation
relating to positional behavior. EP 1100/12 clustered with
extant colobines, particularly the large-bodied genera
Nasalis and Rhinopithecus. Comparisons reveal that EP
1100/12 belongs to a large-bodied monkey that engaged in
arboreal pronograde quadrupedalism. These findings add
further support to previous inferences that woodland and
forest environments dominated the paleoenvironment of the
Upper Laetolil Beds, which supported the diverse community
of cercopithecids at Laetoli. The inferred paleoecology and
the presence of large-bodied arboreally-adapted monkeys at
Laetoli show that A. afarensis had access to a range of
diverse habitats, including woodlands and forests. This
supports the possibility that A. afarensis, with its
potential range of positional capabilities, was able to
utilize arboreal settings for food acquisition and refuge
from predators.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.02.005},
Key = {fds346559}
}
@article{fds346560,
Author = {Kozma, EE and Webb, NM and Harcourt-Smith, WEH and Raichlen, DA and D'Août, K and Brown, MH and Finestone, EM and Ross, SR and Aerts, P and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Hip extensor mechanics and the evolution of walking and
climbing capabilities in humans, apes, and fossil
hominins.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {115},
Number = {16},
Pages = {4134-4139},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1715120115},
Abstract = {The evolutionary emergence of humans' remarkably economical
walking gait remains a focus of research and debate, but
experimentally validated approaches linking locomotor
capability to postcranial anatomy are limited. In this
study, we integrated 3D morphometrics of hominoid pelvic
shape with experimental measurements of hip kinematics and
kinetics during walking and climbing, hamstring activity,
and passive range of hip extension in humans, apes, and
other primates to assess arboreal-terrestrial trade-offs in
ischium morphology among living taxa. We show that
hamstring-powered hip extension during habitual walking and
climbing in living apes and humans is strongly predicted,
and likely constrained, by the relative length and
orientation of the ischium. Ape pelves permit greater
extensor moments at the hip, enhancing climbing capability,
but limit their range of hip extension, resulting in a
crouched gait. Human pelves reduce hip extensor moments but
permit a greater degree of hip extension, which greatly
improves walking economy (i.e., distance traveled/energy
consumed). Applying these results to fossil pelves suggests
that early hominins differed from both humans and extant
apes in having an economical walking gait without
sacrificing climbing capability. Ardipithecus was capable of
nearly human-like hip extension during bipedal walking, but
retained the capacity for powerful, ape-like hip extension
during vertical climbing. Hip extension capability was
essentially human-like in Australopithecus afarensis and
Australopithecus africanus, suggesting an economical walking
gait but reduced mechanical advantage for powered hip
extension during climbing.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1715120115},
Key = {fds346560}
}
%% Larsen, Roxanne J
@misc{fds323419,
Author = {Larsen, RJ and Jackson, WH and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Mechanisms for regulating step length while running towards
and over an obstacle.},
Journal = {Human Movement Science},
Volume = {49},
Pages = {186-195},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2016.07.002},
Abstract = {The ability to run across uneven terrain with continuous
stable movement is critical to the safety and efficiency of
a runner. Successful step-to-step stabilization while
running may be mediated by minor adjustments to a few key
parameters (e.g., leg stiffness, step length, foot strike
pattern). However, it is not known to what degree runners in
relatively natural settings (e.g., trails, paved road,
curbs) use the same strategies across multiple steps. This
study investigates how three readily measurable running
parameters - step length, foot placement, and foot strike
pattern - are adjusted in response to encountering a typical
urban obstacle - a sidewalk curb. Thirteen subjects were
video-recorded as they ran at self-selected slow and fast
paces. Runners targeted a specific distance before the curb
for foot placement, and lengthened their step over the curb
(p<0.0001) regardless of where the step over the curb was
initiated. These strategies of adaptive locomotion disrupt
step cycles temporarily, and may increase locomotor cost and
muscle loading, but in the end assure dynamic stability and
minimize the risk of injury over the duration of a
run.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.humov.2016.07.002},
Key = {fds323419}
}
@misc{fds323420,
Author = {Larsen, RJ and Knapp, MC and Genoways, HH and Khan, FAA and Larsen, PA and Wilson, DE and Baker, RJ},
Title = {Genetic Diversity of Neotropical Myotis (Chiroptera:
Vespertilionidae) with an Emphasis on South American
Species},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {7},
Number = {10},
Pages = {e46578-e46578},
Editor = {Steinke, D},
Year = {2012},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0046578},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0046578},
Key = {fds323420}
}
@misc{fds323421,
Author = {Larsen, RJ and Larsen, PA and Genoways, HH and Catzeflis, FM and Geluso,
K and Kwiecinski, GG and Pedersen, SC and Simal, F and Baker,
RJ},
Title = {Evolutionary history of Caribbean species of Myotis, with
evidence of a third Lesser Antillean endemic},
Journal = {Mammalian Biology},
Volume = {77},
Number = {2},
Pages = {124-134},
Year = {2012},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2011.11.003},
Doi = {10.1016/j.mambio.2011.11.003},
Key = {fds323421}
}
@misc{fds327298,
Author = {Larsen, RJ and Boegler, KA and Genoways, HH and Masefield, WP and Kirsch, RA and Pedersen, SC},
Title = {Mist netting bias, species accumulation curves, and the
rediscovery of two bats on Montserrat (Lesser
Antilles)},
Journal = {Acta Chiropterologica},
Volume = {9},
Number = {2},
Pages = {423-435},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/1733-5329(2007)9[423:MNBSAC]2.0.CO;2},
Doi = {10.3161/1733-5329(2007)9[423:MNBSAC]2.0.CO;2},
Key = {fds327298}
}
%% Ledogar, Justin
@misc{fds361339,
Author = {van Heteren, AH and Wroe, S and Tsang, LR and Mitchell, DR and Ross, P and Ledogar, JA and Attard, MRG and Sustaita, D and Clausen, P and Scofield,
RP and Sansalone, G},
Title = {New Zealand's extinct giant raptor (Hieraaetus
moorei) killed like an eagle, ate like a
condor.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological
Sciences},
Volume = {288},
Number = {1964},
Pages = {20211913},
Year = {2021},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.1913},
Abstract = {The extinct Haast's eagle or harpagornis (<i>Hieraaetus
moorei</i>) is the largest known eagle. Historically, it was
first considered a predator, then a scavenger, but most
recent authors have favoured an active hunting ecology.
However, the veracity of proposed similarities to carrion
feeders has not been thoroughly tested. To infer feeding
capability and behaviour in harpagornis, we used geometric
morphometric and finite-element analyses to assess the shape
and biomechanical strength of its neurocranium, beak and
talons in comparison to five extant scavenging and predatory
birds. The neurocranium of harpagornis is vulture-like in
shape whereas its beak is eagle-like. The mechanical
performance of harpagornis is closer to extant eagles under
biting loads but is closest to the Andean condor (<i>Vultur
gryphus</i>) under extrinsic loads simulating prey capture
and killing. The talons, however, are eagle-like and even
for a bird of its size, able to withstand extremely high
loads. Results are consistent with the proposition that,
unlike living eagles, harpagornis habitually killed prey
larger than itself, then applied feeding methods typical of
vultures to feed on the large carcasses. Decoupling of the
relationship between neurocranium and beak shape may have
been linked to rapid evolution.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2021.1913},
Key = {fds361339}
}
@misc{fds358822,
Author = {Cook, RW and Vazzana, A and Sorrentino, R and Benazzi, S and Smith, AL and Strait, DS and Ledogar, JA},
Title = {The cranial biomechanics and feeding performance of Homo
floresiensis.},
Journal = {Interface Focus},
Volume = {11},
Number = {5},
Pages = {20200083},
Publisher = {The Royal Society},
Year = {2021},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2020.0083},
Abstract = {<i>Homo floresiensis</i> is a small-bodied hominin from
Flores, Indonesia, that exhibits plesiomorphic dentognathic
features, including large premolars and a robust mandible,
aspects of which have been considered australopith-like.
However, relative to australopith species, <i>H.
floresiensis</i> exhibits reduced molar size and a cranium
with diminutive midfacial dimensions similar to those of
later <i>Homo</i>, suggesting a reduction in the frequency
of forceful biting behaviours. Our study uses finite-element
analysis to examine the feeding biomechanics of the <i>H.
floresiensis</i> cranium. We simulate premolar
(P<sup>3</sup>) and molar (M<sup>2</sup>) biting in a
finite-element model (FEM) of the <i>H. floresiensis</i>
holotype cranium (LB1) and compare the mechanical results
with FEMs of chimpanzees, modern humans and a sample of
australopiths (MH1, Sts 5, OH5). With few exceptions, strain
magnitudes in LB1 resemble elevated levels observed in
modern <i>Homo</i>. Our analysis of LB1 suggests that <i>H.
floresiensis</i> could produce bite forces with high
mechanical efficiency, but was subject to tensile jaw joint
reaction forces during molar biting, which perhaps
constrained maximum postcanine bite force production. The
inferred feeding biomechanics of <i>H. floresiensis</i>
closely resemble modern humans, suggesting that this pattern
may have been present in the last common ancestor of <i>Homo
sapiens</i> and <i>H. floresiensis</i>.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsfs.2020.0083},
Key = {fds358822}
}
@misc{fds354539,
Author = {Martin, JM and Leece, AB and Neubauer, S and Baker, SE and Mongle, CS and Boschian, G and Schwartz, GT and Smith, AL and Ledogar, JA and Strait,
DS and Herries, AIR},
Title = {Drimolen cranium DNH 155 documents microevolution in an
early hominin species.},
Journal = {Nature Ecology and Evolution},
Volume = {5},
Number = {1},
Pages = {38-45},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01319-6},
Abstract = {Paranthropus robustus is a small-brained extinct hominin
from South Africa characterized by derived, robust
craniodental morphology. The most complete known skull of
this species is DNH 7 from Drimolen Main Quarry, which
differs from P. robustus specimens recovered elsewhere in
ways attributed to sexual dimorphism. Here, we describe a
new fossil specimen from Drimolen Main Quarry, dated from
approximately 2.04-1.95 million years ago, that challenges
this view. DNH 155 is a well-preserved adult male cranium
that shares with DNH 7 a suite of primitive and derived
features unlike those seen in adult P. robustus specimens
from other chronologically younger deposits. This refutes
existing hypotheses linking sexual dimorphism, ontogeny and
social behaviour within this taxon, and clarifies hypotheses
concerning hominin phylogeny. We document small-scale
morphological changes in P. robustus associated with
ecological change within a short time frame and restricted
geography. This represents the most highly resolved evidence
yet of microevolutionary change within an early hominin
species.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41559-020-01319-6},
Key = {fds354539}
}
@misc{fds350861,
Author = {Sansalone, G and Allen, K and Ledogar, JA and Ledogar, S and Mitchell,
DR and Profico, A and Castiglione, S and Melchionna, M and Serio, C and Mondanaro, A and Raia, P and Wroe, S},
Title = {Variation in the strength of allometry drives rates of
evolution in primate brain shape.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological
Sciences},
Volume = {287},
Number = {1930},
Pages = {20200807},
Year = {2020},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0807},
Abstract = {Large brains are a defining feature of primates, as is a
clear allometric trend between body mass and brain size.
However, important questions on the macroevolution of brain
shape in primates remain unanswered. Here we address two:
(i), does the relationship between the brain size and its
shape follow allometric trends and (ii), is this
relationship consistent over evolutionary time? We employ
three-dimensional geometric morphometrics and phylogenetic
comparative methods to answer these questions, based on a
large sample representing 151 species and most primate
families. We found two distinct trends regarding the
relationship between brain shape and brain size. Hominoidea
and Cercopithecinae showed significant evolutionary
allometry, whereas no allometric trends were discernible for
Strepsirrhini, Colobinae or Platyrrhini. Furthermore, we
found that in the taxa characterized by significant
allometry, brain shape evolution accelerated, whereas for
taxa in which such allometry was absent, the evolution of
brain shape decelerated. We conclude that although primates
in general are typically described as large-brained, strong
allometric effects on brain shape are largely confined to
the order's representatives that display more complex
behavioural repertoires.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2020.0807},
Key = {fds350861}
}
@misc{fds339823,
Author = {Mitchell, DR and Sherratt, E and Sansalone, G and Ledogar, JA and Flavel, RJ and Wroe, S},
Title = {Feeding Biomechanics Influences Craniofacial Morphology at
the Subspecies Scale among Australian Pademelons
(Macropodidae: Thylogale)},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalian Evolution},
Volume = {27},
Number = {2},
Pages = {199-209},
Publisher = {Springer Nature America, Inc},
Year = {2020},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10914-018-9455-8},
Abstract = {Interspecific variation in the craniofacial morphology of
kangaroos and wallabies is associated with diet and feeding
behaviors. Yet, to how fine a taxonomic scale this
relationship might exist is unknown. Using a combination of
established morphometric analyses and novel finite element
approaches, we test the limits of these associations by
examining three closely-related pademelon taxa: the
red-necked pademelon (Thylogale thetis), and two subspecies
of the red-legged pademelon (Thylogale stigmatica stigmatica
and Thylogale stigmatica wilcoxi). All three taxa have
distinct proportions of graze (grasses) and browse (leaves,
stems, and branches of trees and shrubs) in their diets. We
identified clear morphological differences in the crania
between all three taxa and significant influences of
geography and climate on cranial shape. We found significant
differences in shape and strain magnitudes along the muzzle
and cheek bones of each group that are consistent with the
properties of their respective diets. These results suggest
that feeding ecology influences craniofacial morphology down
to the subspecies scale for at least some kangaroos and
wallabies, which mirrors what is known at the
macroevolutionary level for these species. This lends
further weight to the predictive value of cranial morphology
in determining feeding ecology among the Macropodiformes and
may be of use in inferring feeding ecology of less
accessible species for conservation and management.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10914-018-9455-8},
Key = {fds339823}
}
@misc{fds354727,
Author = {Valenta, K and Daegling, DJ and Nevo, O and Ledogar, J and Sarkar, D and Kalbitzer, U and Bortolamiol, S and Omeja, P and Chapman, CA and Ayasse,
M and Kay, R and Williams, B},
Title = {Fruit Selectivity in Anthropoid Primates: Size
Matters},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {41},
Number = {3},
Pages = {525-537},
Year = {2020},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-020-00158-3},
Abstract = {Certain features of both extant and fossil anthropoid
primates have been interpreted as adaptations to ripe fruit
foraging and feeding particularly spatulate incisors and
trichromatic color vision. Here, we approach the question of
anthropoid fruit foraging adaptations in light of the
sensory and mechanical properties of anthropoid-consumed
fruits in Kibale National Park, Uganda. We quantify the
color, odor, size, and puncture resistance of fruits in
Kibale that are consumed by anthropoid primates (N = 44) and
compare these with the same traits of fruits that are not
consumed by anthropoid primates (N = 24). Contrary to extant
hypotheses, color and odor of anthropoid-consumed fruits do
not differ from non-anthropoid–consumed fruits. However,
we find that anthropoids in this system consume fruits that
are significantly larger than non-anthropoid–consumed
fruits, and with the exception of elephants that consume
very large fruits, are the only dispersers of fruits with a
surface area <4032 mm2, and a maximum diameter of 52 mm.
While our findings do not support most extant hypotheses for
the evolution of derived anthropoid primate traits as
adaptations to ripe fruit foraging, we find some evidence to
support the hypothesis that spatulate incisors may be an
adaptation to foraging on large fruits, which tend to be
harder.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-020-00158-3},
Key = {fds354727}
}
@misc{fds344814,
Author = {Neaux, D and Wroe, S and Ledogar, JA and Heins Ledogar and S and Sansalone,
G},
Title = {Morphological integration affects the evolution of midline
cranial base, lateral basicranium, and face across
primates.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {170},
Number = {1},
Pages = {37-47},
Year = {2019},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23899},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>The basicranium and face are two
integrated bony structures displaying great morphological
diversity across primates. Previous studies in hominids
determined that the basicranium is composed of two
independent modules: the midline basicranium, mostly
influenced by brain size, and the lateral basicranium,
predominantly associated with facial shape. To better assess
how morphological integration impacts the evolution of
primate cranial shape diversity, we test to determine
whether the relationships found in hominids are retained
across the order.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>Three-dimensional
landmarks (29) were placed on 143 computed tomography scans
of six major clades of extant primate crania. We assessed
the covariation between midline basicranium, lateral
basicranium, face, and endocranial volume using
phylogenetically informed partial least squares analyses and
phylogenetic generalized least squares models.<h4>Results</h4>We
found significant integration between lateral basicranium
and face and between midline basicranium and face. We also
described a significant correlation between midline
basicranium and endocranial volume but not between lateral
basicranium and endocranial volume.<h4>Discussion</h4>Our
findings demonstrate a significant and pervasive integration
in the craniofacial structures across primates, differing
from previous results in hominids. The uniqueness of module
organization in hominids may explain this distinction. We
found that endocranial volume is significantly integrated to
the midline basicranium but not to the lateral basicranium.
This finding underlines the significant effect of brain size
on the shape of the midline structures of the cranial base
in primates. With the covariations linking the studied
features defined here, we suggest that future studies should
focus on determining the causal links between
them.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23899},
Key = {fds344814}
}
@misc{fds343395,
Author = {Tsang, LR and Wilson, LAB and Ledogar, J and Wroe, S and Attard, M and Sansalone, G},
Title = {Raptor talon shape and biomechanical performance are
controlled by relative prey size but not by
allometry.},
Journal = {Scientific Reports},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {7076},
Year = {2019},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43654-0},
Abstract = {Most birds of prey (raptors), rely heavily on their talons
for capturing prey. However, the relationship between talon
shape and the ability to take prey is poorly understood. In
this study we investigate whether raptor talons have evolved
primarily in response to adaptive pressures exerted by
different dietary demands, or if talon morphology is largely
constrained by allometric or phylogenetic factors. We focus
on the hallux talon and include 21 species in total varying
greatly in body mass and feeding ecology, ranging from
active predation on relatively large prey to obligate
scavenging. To quantify the variation in talon shape and
biomechanical performance within a phylogenetic framework,
we combined three dimensional (3D) geometric morphometrics,
finite element modelling and phylogenetic comparative
methods. Our results indicate that relative prey size plays
a key role in shaping the raptorial talon. Species that hunt
larger prey are characterised by both distinct talon shape
and mechanical performance when compared to species that
predate smaller prey, even when accounting for phylogeny. In
contrast to previous results of skull-based analysis,
allometry had no significant effect. In conclusion, we found
that raptor talon evolution has been strongly influenced by
relative prey size, but not allometry and, that talon shape
and mechanical performance are good indicators of feeding
ecology.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-43654-0},
Key = {fds343395}
}
@misc{fds339685,
Author = {Bicknell, RDC and Ledogar, JA and Wroe, S and Gutzler, BC and Watson,
WH and Paterson, JR},
Title = {Computational biomechanical analyses demonstrate similar
shell-crushing abilities in modern and ancient
arthropods.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological
Sciences},
Volume = {285},
Number = {1889},
Year = {2018},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1935},
Abstract = {The biology of the American horseshoe crab, <i>Limulus
polyphemus</i>, is well documented-including its dietary
habits, particularly the ability to crush shell with
gnathobasic walking appendages-but virtually nothing is
known about the feeding biomechanics of this iconic
arthropod. <i>Limulus polyphemus</i> is also considered the
archetypal functional analogue of various extinct groups
with serial gnathobasic appendages, including eurypterids,
trilobites and other early arthropods, especially
<i>Sidneyia inexpectans</i> from the mid-Cambrian (508 Myr)
Burgess Shale of Canada. Exceptionally preserved specimens
of <i>S. inexpectans</i> show evidence suggestive of
durophagous (shell-crushing) tendencies-including thick
gnathobasic spine cuticle and shelly gut contents-but the
masticatory capabilities of this fossil species have yet to
be compared with modern durophagous arthropods. Here, we use
advanced computational techniques, specifically a unique
application of 3D finite-element analysis (FEA), to model
the feeding mechanics of <i>L. polyphemus</i> and <i>S.
inexpectans</i>: the first such analyses of a modern
horseshoe crab and a fossil arthropod. Results show that
mechanical performance of the feeding appendages in both
arthropods is remarkably similar, suggesting that <i>S.
inexpectans</i> had similar shell-crushing capabilities to
<i>L. polyphemus</i> This biomechanical solution to
processing shelly food therefore has a history extending
over 500 Myr, arising soon after the first shell-bearing
animals. Arrival of durophagous predators during the early
phase of animal evolution undoubtedly fuelled the Cambrian
'arms race' that involved a rapid increase in diversity,
disparity and abundance of biomineralized prey
species.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2018.1935},
Key = {fds339685}
}
@misc{fds337476,
Author = {Mitchell, DR and Sherratt, E and Ledogar, JA and Wroe,
S},
Title = {The biomechanics of foraging determines face length among
kangaroos and their relatives.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological
Sciences},
Volume = {285},
Number = {1881},
Pages = {20180845-20180845},
Year = {2018},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0845},
Abstract = {Increasing body size is accompanied by facial elongation
across a number of mammalian taxa. This trend forms the
basis of a proposed evolutionary rule, cranial evolutionary
allometry (CREA). However, facial length has also been
widely associated with the varying mechanical resistance of
foods. Here, we combine geometric morphometrics and
computational biomechanical analyses to determine whether
evolutionary allometry or feeding ecology have been dominant
influences on facial elongation across 16 species of
kangaroos and relatives (Macropodiformes). We found no
support for an allometric trend. Nor was craniofacial
morphology strictly defined by dietary categories, but
rather associated with a combination of the mechanical
properties of vegetation types and cropping behaviours used
to access them. Among species examined here, shorter muzzles
coincided with known diets of tough, resistant plant
tissues, accessed via active slicing by the anterior
dentition. This morphology consistently resulted in
increased mechanical efficiency and decreased bone
deformation during incisor biting. Longer muzzles, by
contrast, aligned with softer foods or feeding behaviours
invoking cervical musculature that circumvent the need for
hard biting. These findings point to a potential for
craniofacial morphology to predict feeding ecology in
macropodiforms, which may be useful for species management
planning and for inferring palaeoecology.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2018.0845},
Key = {fds337476}
}
@misc{fds337477,
Author = {Neaux, D and Sansalone, G and Ledogar, JA and Heins Ledogar and S and Luk,
THY and Wroe, S},
Title = {Basicranium and face: Assessing the impact of morphological
integration on primate evolution.},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {118},
Pages = {43-55},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2018},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.02.007},
Abstract = {The basicranium and facial skeleton are two integrated
structures displaying great morphological diversity across
primates. Previous studies focusing on limited taxonomic
samples have demonstrated that morphological integration has
a significant impact on the evolution of these structures.
However, this influence is still poorly understood. A more
complete understanding of craniofacial integration across
primates has important implications for functional
hypotheses of primate evolution. In the present study, we
analyzed a large sample of primate species to assess how
integration affects the relationship between basicranial and
facial evolutionary pathways across the order. First, we
quantified integration and modularity between basicranium
and face using phylogenetically-informed partial least
squares analyses. Then, we defined the influence of
morphological integration between these structures on rates
of evolution, using a time-calibrated phylogenetic tree, and
on disparity through time, comparing the morphological
disparity across the tree with that expected under a pure
Brownian process. Finally, we assessed the correlation
between the basicranium and face, and three factors
purported to have an important role in shaping these
structures during evolution: endocranial volume, positional
behavior (i.e., locomotion and posture), and diet. Our
findings show that the face and basicranium, despite being
highly integrated, display significantly different
evolutionary rates. However, our results demonstrate that
morphological integration impacted shape disparity through
time. We also found that endocranial volume and positional
behavior are important drivers of cranial shape evolution,
partly affected by morphological integration.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.02.007},
Key = {fds337477}
}
@misc{fds337478,
Author = {Wroe, S and Parr, WCH and Ledogar, JA and Bourke, J and Evans, SP and Fiorenza, L and Benazzi, S and Hublin, J-J and Stringer, C and Kullmer,
O and Curry, M and Rae, TC and Yokley, TR},
Title = {Computer simulations show that Neanderthal facial morphology
represents adaptation to cold and high energy demands, but
not heavy biting.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological
Sciences},
Volume = {285},
Number = {1876},
Pages = {20180085-20180085},
Publisher = {The Royal Society},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0085},
Abstract = {Three adaptive hypotheses have been forwarded to explain the
distinctive Neanderthal face: (i) an improved ability to
accommodate high anterior bite forces, (ii) more effective
conditioning of cold and/or dry air and, (iii) adaptation to
facilitate greater ventilatory demands. We test these
hypotheses using three-dimensional models of Neanderthals,
modern humans, and a close outgroup (Homo heidelbergensis),
applying finite-element analysis (FEA) and computational
fluid dynamics (CFD). This is the most comprehensive
application of either approach applied to date and the first
to include both. FEA reveals few differences between H.
heidelbergensis, modern humans, and Neanderthals in their
capacities to sustain high anterior tooth loadings. CFD
shows that the nasal cavities of Neanderthals and especially
modern humans condition air more efficiently than does that
of H. heidelbergensis, suggesting that both evolved to
better withstand cold and/or dry climates than less derived
Homo We further find that Neanderthals could move
considerably more air through the nasal pathway than could
H. heidelbergensis or modern humans, consistent with the
propositions that, relative to our outgroup Homo,
Neanderthal facial morphology evolved to reflect improved
capacities to better condition cold, dry air, and, to move
greater air volumes in response to higher energetic
requirements.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2018.0085},
Key = {fds337478}
}
@misc{fds337479,
Author = {Ledogar, JA and Luk, THY and Perry, JMG and Neaux, D and Wroe,
S},
Title = {Biting mechanics and niche separation in a specialized clade
of primate seed predators.},
Journal = {Plos One},
Volume = {13},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e0190689},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190689},
Abstract = {We analyzed feeding biomechanics in pitheciine monkeys
(Pithecia, Chiropotes, Cacajao), a clade that specializes on
hard-husked unripe fruit (sclerocarpy) and resistant seeds
(seed predation). We tested the hypothesis that pitheciine
crania are well-suited to generate and withstand forceful
canine and molar biting, with the prediction that they
generate bite forces more efficiently and better resist
masticatory strains than the closely-related Callicebus,
which does not specialize on unripe fruits and/or seeds. We
also tested the hypothesis that Callicebus-Pithecia-Chiropotes-Cacajao
represent a morphocline of increasing sclerocarpic
specialization with respect to biting leverage and
craniofacial strength, consistent with anterior dental
morphology. We found that pitheciines have higher biting
leverage than Callicebus and are generally more resistant to
masticatory strain. However, Cacajao was found to experience
high strain magnitudes in some facial regions. We therefore
found limited support for the morphocline hypothesis, at
least with respect to the mechanical performance metrics
examined here. Biting leverage in Cacajao was nearly
identical (or slightly less than) in Chiropotes and strain
magnitudes during canine biting were more likely to follow a
Cacajao-Chiropotes-Pithecia trend of increasing strength, in
contrast to the proposed morphocline. These results could
indicate that bite force efficiency and derived anterior
teeth were selected for in pitheciines at the expense of
increased strain magnitudes. However, our results for
Cacajao potentially reflect reduced feeding competition
offered by allopatry with other pitheciines, which allows
Cacajao species to choose from a wider variety of fruits at
various stages of ripeness, leading to reduction in the
selection for robust facial features. We also found that
feeding biomechanics in sympatric Pithecia and Chiropotes
are consistent with data on food structural properties and
observations of dietary niche separation, with the former
being well-suited for the regular molar crushing of hard
seeds and the latter better adapted for breaching hard
fruits.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0190689},
Key = {fds337479}
}
@misc{fds337480,
Author = {Neaux, D and Bienvenu, T and Guy, F and Daver, G and Sansalone, G and Ledogar, JA and Rae, TC and Wroe, S and Brunet, M},
Title = {Relationship between foramen magnum position and locomotion
in extant and extinct hominoids.},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {113},
Pages = {1-9},
Year = {2017},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.07.009},
Abstract = {From the Miocene Sahelanthropus tchadensis to Pleistocene
Homo sapiens, hominins are characterized by a derived
anterior position of the foramen magnum relative to
basicranial structures. It has been previously suggested
that the anterior position of the foramen magnum in hominins
is related to bipedal locomotor behavior. Yet, the
functional relationship between foramen magnum position and
bipedal locomotion remains unclear. Recent studies, using
ratios based on cranial linear measurements, have found a
link between the anterior position of the foramen magnum and
bipedalism in several mammalian clades: marsupials, rodents,
and primates. In the present study, we compute these ratios
in a sample including a more comprehensive dataset of extant
hominoids and fossil hominins. First, we verify if the
values of ratios can distinguish extant humans from apes.
Then, we test whether extinct hominins can be distinguished
from non-bipedal extant hominoids. Finally, we assess if the
studied ratios are effective predictors of bipedal behavior
by testing if they mainly relate to variation in foramen
magnum position rather than changes in other cranial
structures. Our results confirm that the ratios discriminate
between extant bipeds and non-bipeds. However, the only
ratio clearly discriminating between fossil hominins and
other extant apes is that which only includes basicranial
structures. We show that a large proportion of the
interspecific variation in the other ratios relates to
changes in facial, rather than basicranial, structures. In
this context, we advocate the use of measurements based only
on basicranial structures when assessing the relationship
between foramen magnum position and bipedalism in future
studies.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.07.009},
Key = {fds337480}
}
@misc{fds337481,
Author = {Ledogar, JA and Benazzi, S and Smith, AL and Weber, GW and Carlson, KB and Dechow, PC and Grosse, IR and Ross, CF and Richmond, BG and Wright, BW and Wang, Q and Byron, C and Carlson, KJ and De Ruiter and DJ and Pryor
Mcintosh, LC and Strait, DS},
Title = {The Biomechanics of Bony Facial "Buttresses" in South
African Australopiths: An Experimental Study Using Finite
Element Analysis.},
Journal = {Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)},
Volume = {300},
Number = {1},
Pages = {171-195},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.23492},
Abstract = {Australopiths exhibit a number of derived facial features
that are thought to strengthen the face against high and/or
repetitive loads associated with a diet that included
mechanically challenging foods. Here, we use finite element
analysis (FEA) to test hypotheses related to the purported
strengthening role of the zygomatic root and "anterior
pillar" in australopiths. We modified our previously
constructed models of Sts 5 (Australopithecus africanus) and
MH1 (A. sediba) to differ in the morphology of the zygomatic
root, including changes to both the shape and positioning of
the zygomatic root complex, in addition to creating variants
of Sts 5 lacking anterior pillars. We found that both an
expanded zygomatic root and the presence of "anterior
pillars" reinforce the face against feeding loads. We also
found that strain orientations are most compatible with the
hypothesis that the pillar evolved to resist loads
associated with premolar loading, and that this morphology
has an ancillary effect of strengthening the face during all
loading regimes. These results provide support for the
functional hypotheses. However, we found that an anteriorly
positioned zygomatic root increases strain magnitudes even
in models with an inflated/reinforced root complex. These
results suggest that an anteriorly placed zygomatic root
complex evolved to enhance the efficiency of bite force
production while facial reinforcement features, such as the
anterior pillar and the expanded zygomatic root, may have
been selected for in part to compensate for the weakening
effect of this facial configuration. Anat Rec, 300:171-195,
2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.23492},
Key = {fds337481}
}
@misc{fds337482,
Author = {Prado, FB and Freire, AR and Cláudia Rossi and A and Ledogar, JA and Smith, AL and Dechow, PC and Strait, DS and Voigt, T and Ross,
CF},
Title = {Review of In Vivo Bone Strain Studies and Finite Element
Models of the Zygomatic Complex in Humans and Nonhuman
Primates: Implications for Clinical Research and
Practice.},
Journal = {Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)},
Volume = {299},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1753-1778},
Year = {2016},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.23486},
Abstract = {The craniofacial skeleton is often described in the clinical
literature as being comprised of vertical bony pillars,
which transmit forces from the toothrow to the neurocranium
as axial compressive stresses, reinforced transversely by
buttresses. Here, we review the literature on bony
microarchitecture, in vivo bone strain, and finite-element
modeling of the facial skeleton of humans and nonhuman
primates to address questions regarding the structural and
functional existence of facial pillars and buttresses.
Available bone material properties data do not support the
existence of pillars and buttresses in humans or Sapajus
apella. Deformation regimes in the zygomatic complex
emphasize bending and shear, therefore conceptualizing the
zygomatic complex of humans or nonhuman primates as a pillar
obscures its patterns of stress, strain, and deformation.
Human fossil relatives and chimpanzees exhibit strain
regimes corroborating the existence of a canine-frontal
pillar, but the notion of a zygomatic pillar has no support.
The emerging consensus on patterns of strain and deformation
in finite element models (FEMs) of the human facial skeleton
corroborates hypotheses in the clinical literature regarding
zygomatic complex function, and provide new insights into
patterns of failure of titanium and resorbable plates in
experimental studies. It is suggested that the "pillar and
buttress" model of human craniofacial skeleton function be
replaced with FEMs that more accurately and precisely
represent in vivo function, and which can serve as the basis
for future research into implants used in restoration of
occlusal function and fracture repair. Anat Rec,
299:1753-1778, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.23486},
Key = {fds337482}
}
@misc{fds337483,
Author = {Pryor McIntosh and L and Strait, DS and Ledogar, JA and Smith, AL and Ross,
CF and Wang, Q and Opperman, LA and Dechow, PC},
Title = {Internal Bone Architecture in the Zygoma of Human and
Pan.},
Journal = {Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)},
Volume = {299},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1704-1717},
Year = {2016},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.23499},
Abstract = {The internal and external anatomy of the primate zygoma is
central to orofacial function, health, and disease. The
importance of variation in its gross morphology across
extinct and extant primate forms has been established using
finite element analysis, but its internal structure has yet
to be explored. In this study, µCT is used to characterize
trabecular bone morphometry in two separate regions of the
zygoma of humans and Pan. Trabecular anisotropy and
orientation are compared with strain orientations observed
in trabecular regions of finite element models of four Pan
crania. The results of this study show that trabecular bone
morphometry, anisotropy, and orientation are highly
compatible with strain orientation and magnitude in the
finite element models. Trabecular bone in the zygoma is
largely orthotropic (with bone orientation differing in
three mutually orthogonal directions), with its primary
orientation lying in the mediolateral direction. Trabecular
bone in the zygomatic region appears to be highly influenced
by the local strain environment, and thus may be closely
linked to orofacial function. Anat Rec, 299:1704-1717, 2016.
© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.23499},
Key = {fds337483}
}
@misc{fds337484,
Author = {Ledogar, JA and Smith, AL and Benazzi, S and Weber, GW and Spencer, MA and Carlson, KB and McNulty, KP and Dechow, PC and Grosse, IR and Ross, CF and Richmond, BG and Wright, BW and Wang, Q and Byron, C and Carlson, KJ and de
Ruiter, DJ and Berger, LR and Tamvada, K and Pryor, LC and Berthaume,
MA and Strait, DS},
Title = {Mechanical evidence that Australopithecus sediba was limited
in its ability to eat hard foods.},
Journal = {Nature Communications},
Volume = {7},
Pages = {10596},
Year = {2016},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10596},
Abstract = {Australopithecus sediba has been hypothesized to be a close
relative of the genus Homo. Here we show that MH1, the type
specimen of A. sediba, was not optimized to produce high
molar bite force and appears to have been limited in its
ability to consume foods that were mechanically challenging
to eat. Dental microwear data have previously been
interpreted as indicating that A. sediba consumed hard
foods, so our findings illustrate that mechanical data are
essential if one aims to reconstruct a relatively complete
picture of feeding adaptations in extinct hominins. An
implication of our study is that the key to understanding
the origin of Homo lies in understanding how environmental
changes disrupted gracile australopith niches. Resulting
selection pressures led to changes in diet and dietary
adaption that set the stage for the emergence of our
genus.},
Doi = {10.1038/ncomms10596},
Key = {fds337484}
}
@misc{fds337485,
Author = {Ledogar, JA and Dechow, PC and Wang, Q and Gharpure, PH and Gordon, AD and Baab, KL and Smith, AL and Weber, GW and Grosse, IR and Ross, CF and Richmond, BG and Wright, BW and Byron, C and Wroe, S and Strait,
DS},
Title = {Human feeding biomechanics: performance, variation, and
functional constraints.},
Journal = {Peerj},
Volume = {4},
Pages = {e2242},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2242},
Abstract = {The evolution of the modern human (Homo sapiens) cranium is
characterized by a reduction in the size of the feeding
system, including reductions in the size of the facial
skeleton, postcanine teeth, and the muscles involved in
biting and chewing. The conventional view hypothesizes that
gracilization of the human feeding system is related to a
shift toward eating foods that were less mechanically
challenging to consume and/or foods that were processed
using tools before being ingested. This hypothesis predicts
that human feeding systems should not be well-configured to
produce forceful bites and that the cranium should be
structurally weak. An alternate hypothesis, based on the
observation that humans have mechanically efficient jaw
adductors, states that the modern human face is adapted to
generate and withstand high biting forces. We used finite
element analysis (FEA) to test two opposing mechanical
hypotheses: that compared to our closest living relative,
chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), the modern human craniofacial
skeleton is (1) less well configured, or (2) better
configured to generate and withstand high magnitude bite
forces. We considered intraspecific variation in our
examination of human feeding biomechanics by examining a
sample of geographically diverse crania that differed
notably in shape. We found that our biomechanical models of
human crania had broadly similar mechanical behavior despite
their shape variation and were, on average, less
structurally stiff than the crania of chimpanzees during
unilateral biting when loaded with physiologically-scaled
muscle loads. Our results also show that modern humans are
efficient producers of bite force, consistent with previous
analyses. However, highly tensile reaction forces were
generated at the working (biting) side jaw joint during
unilateral molar bites in which the chewing muscles were
recruited with bilateral symmetry. In life, such a
configuration would have increased the risk of joint
dislocation and constrained the maximum recruitment levels
of the masticatory muscles on the balancing (non-biting)
side of the head. Our results do not necessarily conflict
with the hypothesis that anterior tooth (incisors, canines,
premolars) biting could have been selectively important in
humans, although the reduced size of the premolars in humans
has been shown to increase the risk of tooth crown fracture.
We interpret our results to suggest that human craniofacial
evolution was probably not driven by selection for high
magnitude unilateral biting, and that increased masticatory
muscle efficiency in humans is likely to be a secondary
byproduct of selection for some function unrelated to
forceful biting behaviors. These results are consistent with
the hypothesis that a shift to softer foods and/or the
innovation of pre-oral food processing techniques relaxed
selective pressures maintaining craniofacial features that
favor forceful biting and chewing behaviors, leading to the
characteristically small and gracile faces of modern
humans.},
Doi = {10.7717/peerj.2242},
Key = {fds337485}
}
@misc{fds337590,
Author = {Smith, AL and Benazzi, S and Ledogar, JA and Tamvada, K and Pryor Smith,
LC and Weber, GW and Spencer, MA and Dechow, PC and Grosse, IR and Ross,
CF and Richmond, BG and Wright, BW and Wang, Q and Byron, C and Slice, DE and Strait, DS},
Title = {Biomechanical implications of intraspecific shape variation
in chimpanzee crania: moving toward an integration of
geometric morphometrics and finite element
analysis.},
Journal = {Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)},
Volume = {298},
Number = {1},
Pages = {122-144},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.23074},
Abstract = {In a broad range of evolutionary studies, an understanding
of intraspecific variation is needed in order to
contextualize and interpret the meaning of variation between
species. However, mechanical analyses of primate crania
using experimental or modeling methods typically encounter
logistical constraints that force them to rely on data
gathered from only one or a few individuals. This results in
a lack of knowledge concerning the mechanical significance
of intraspecific shape variation that limits our ability to
infer the significance of interspecific differences. This
study uses geometric morphometric methods (GM) and finite
element analysis (FEA) to examine the biomechanical
implications of shape variation in chimpanzee crania,
thereby providing a comparative context in which to
interpret shape-related mechanical variation between hominin
species. Six finite element models (FEMs) of chimpanzee
crania were constructed from CT scans following shape-space
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of a matrix of 709
Procrustes coordinates (digitized onto 21 specimens) to
identify the individuals at the extremes of the first three
principal components. The FEMs were assigned the material
properties of bone and were loaded and constrained to
simulate maximal bites on the P(3) and M(2) . Resulting
strains indicate that intraspecific cranial variation in
morphology is associated with quantitatively high levels of
variation in strain magnitudes, but qualitatively little
variation in the distribution of strain concentrations.
Thus, interspecific comparisons should include
considerations of the spatial patterning of strains rather
than focus only on their magnitudes.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.23074},
Key = {fds337590}
}
@misc{fds337589,
Author = {Smith, AL and Benazzi, S and Ledogar, JA and Tamvada, K and Pryor Smith,
LC and Weber, GW and Spencer, MA and Lucas, PW and Michael, S and Shekeban,
A and Al-Fadhalah, K and Almusallam, AS and Dechow, PC and Grosse, IR and Ross, CF and Madden, RH and Richmond, BG and Wright, BW and Wang, Q and Byron, C and Slice, DE and Wood, S and Dzialo, C and Berthaume, MA and van
Casteren, A and Strait, DS},
Title = {The feeding biomechanics and dietary ecology of Paranthropus
boisei.},
Journal = {Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)},
Volume = {298},
Number = {1},
Pages = {145-167},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.23073},
Abstract = {The African Plio-Pleistocene hominins known as australopiths
evolved derived craniodental features frequently interpreted
as adaptations for feeding on either hard, or
compliant/tough foods. Among australopiths, Paranthropus
boisei is the most robust form, exhibiting traits
traditionally hypothesized to produce high bite forces
efficiently and strengthen the face against feeding
stresses. However, recent mechanical analyses imply that P.
boisei may not have been an efficient producer of bite force
and that robust morphology in primates is not necessarily
strong. Here we use an engineering method, finite element
analysis, to show that the facial skeleton of P. boisei is
structurally strong, exhibits a strain pattern different
from that in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and
Australopithecus africanus, and efficiently produces high
bite force. It has been suggested that P. boisei consumed a
diet of compliant/tough foods like grass blades and sedge
pith. However, the blunt occlusal topography of this and
other species suggests that australopiths are adapted to
consume hard foods, perhaps including grass and sedge seeds.
A consideration of evolutionary trends in morphology
relating to feeding mechanics suggests that food processing
behaviors in gracile australopiths evidently were disrupted
by environmental change, perhaps contributing to the
eventual evolution of Homo and Paranthropus.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.23073},
Key = {fds337589}
}
@misc{fds337594,
Author = {Strait, DS and Constantino, P and Lucas, PW and Richmond, BG and Spencer, MA and Dechow, PC and Ross, CF and Grosse, IR and Wright, BW and Wood, BA and Weber, GW and Wang, Q and Byron, C and Slice, DE and Chalk, J and Smith, AL and Smith, LC and Wood, S and Berthaume, M and Benazzi, S and Dzialo, C and Tamvada, K and Ledogar, JA},
Title = {Viewpoints: diet and dietary adaptations in early hominins:
the hard food perspective.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {151},
Number = {3},
Pages = {339-355},
Year = {2013},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22285},
Abstract = {Recent biomechanical analyses examining the feeding
adaptations of early hominins have yielded results
consistent with the hypothesis that hard foods exerted a
selection pressure that influenced the evolution of
australopith morphology. However, this hypothesis appears
inconsistent with recent reconstructions of early hominin
diet based on dental microwear and stable isotopes. Thus, it
is likely that either the diets of some australopiths
included a high proportion of foods these taxa were poorly
adapted to consume (i.e., foods that they would not have
processed efficiently), or that aspects of what we thought
we knew about the functional morphology of teeth must be
wrong. Evaluation of these possibilities requires a
recognition that analyses based on microwear, isotopes,
finite element modeling, and enamel chips and cracks each
test different types of hypotheses and allow different types
of inferences. Microwear and isotopic analyses are best
suited to reconstructing broad dietary patterns, but are
limited in their ability to falsify specific hypotheses
about morphological adaptation. Conversely, finite element
analysis is a tool for evaluating the mechanical basis of
form-function relationships, but says little about the
frequency with which specific behaviors were performed or
the particular types of food that were consumed. Enamel chip
and crack analyses are means of both reconstructing diet and
examining biomechanics. We suggest that current evidence is
consistent with the hypothesis that certain derived
australopith traits are adaptations for consuming hard
foods, but that australopiths had generalized diets that
could include high proportions of foods that were both
compliant and tough.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22285},
Key = {fds337594}
}
@misc{fds337595,
Author = {Ledogar, JA and Winchester, JM and Clair, EM and Boyer,
DM},
Title = {Erratum: Diet and dental topography in pitheciine seed
predators (American Journal of Physical Anthropology (2013)
150 (107-121))},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {151},
Number = {1},
Pages = {169},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2013},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22257},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22257},
Key = {fds337595}
}
@misc{fds337596,
Author = {Ledogar, JA and Winchester, JM and St Clair and EM and Boyer,
DM},
Title = {Diet and dental topography in pitheciine seed
predators.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {150},
Number = {1},
Pages = {107-121},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22181},
Abstract = {Pitheciines (Pithecia, Chiropotes, and Cacajao) are a
specialized clade of Neotropical seed predators that exhibit
postcanine teeth with low and rounded cusps and highly
crenulated occlusal surface enamel. Data on feeding ecology
show that Pithecia consumes proportionally more leaves than
other pitheciine species, and comparative studies
demonstrate its greater molar relief and relative shearing
potential. However, data on pitheciine food mechanics show
that Pithecia masticates seeds with greater crushing
resistance than those preferred by Chiropotes. This
variation predicts an opposing morphology characterized by
low and more rounded occlusal surfaces in Pithecia. We build
on previous research using new methods for molar surface
shape quantification by examining pitheciine second molar
shearing crest length, occlusal relief, surface complexity,
and surface curvature relative to nonseed specializing
platyrrhines and within the context of the observed
interspecific variation in pitheciine feeding ecology.
Consistent with the previous analyses, our findings
demonstrate that pitheciine molars exhibit low shearing,
relief, and curvature compared with nonseed predators,
independent of phylogeny. Pitheciines also exhibit highly
"complex" occlusal topography that promotes the efficient
breakdown of tough seed tissues. Overall, Pithecia,
Chiropotes, and Cacajao share a similar topographic pattern,
suggesting adaptation to foods with similar structural
and/or mechanical properties. However, Cacajao differs in
surface complexity, which reflects some variation in its
feeding ecology. Contrary to the predictions, Pithecia and
Chiropotes do not differ in any of the topographic variables
examined. The range of demands imposed on the postcanine
teeth of Pithecia might therefore select for an average
topography, one that converges on that of
Chiropotes.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22181},
Key = {fds337596}
}
@misc{fds337487,
Author = {Kamilar, JM and Ledogar, JA},
Title = {Species co-occurrence patterns and dietary resource
competition in primates.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {144},
Number = {1},
Pages = {131-139},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21380},
Abstract = {Diamond (Assembly of species communities. In: Cody ML,
Diamond JM, editors. Ecology and evolution of communities.
Cambridge: Belknap. p 342-444 (1975)) argued that
interspecific competition between species occupying similar
niches results in a nonrandom pattern of species
distributions. In particular, some species pairs may never
be found in the same community due to competitive exclusion.
Rigorous analytical methods have been developed to
investigate the possible role that interspecific competition
has on the evolution of communities. Many studies that have
implemented these methods have shown support for Diamond's
assembly rules, yet there are numerous exceptions. We build
on this previous research by examining the co-occurrence
patterns of primate species in 109 communities from across
the world. We used EcoSim to calculate a checkerboard (C)
score for each region. The C score provides a measure of the
proportion of species pairs that do not co-occur in a set of
communities. High C scores indicate that species are
nonrandomly distributed throughout a region, and
interspecific competition may be driving patterns of
competitive exclusion. We conducted two sets of analyses.
One included all primate species per region, and the second
analysis assigned each species to one of four dietary
guilds: frugivores, folivores, insectivores, and
frugivore-insectivores. Using all species per region, we
found significantly high C scores in 9 of 10 regions
examined. For frugivores, we found significantly high-C
scores in more than 50% of regions. In contrast, only 23% of
regions exhibited significantly high-C scores for folivores.
Our results suggest that communities are nonrandomly
structured and may be the result of greater levels of
interspecific competition between frugivores compared to
folivores.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.21380},
Key = {fds337487}
}
%% Little, Sarah
@article{fds370605,
Author = {Little-Letsinger, SE and Hamilton, SE},
Title = {Leveraging mice with diverse microbial exposures for
advances in osteoimmunology},
Journal = {Frontiers in Endocrinology},
Volume = {14},
Publisher = {Frontiers Media SA},
Year = {2023},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1168552},
Abstract = {<jats:p>The skeletal and immune systems are intricately
intertwined within the bone marrow microenvironment, a field
of study termed osteoimmunology. Osteoimmune interactions
are key players in bone homeostasis and remodeling. Despite
the critical role of the immune system in bone health,
virtually all animal research in osteoimmunology, and more
broadly bone biology, relies on organisms with naïve immune
systems. Drawing on insights from osteoimmunology,
evolutionary anthropology, and immunology, this perspective
proposes the use of a novel translational model: the dirty
mouse. Dirty mice, characterized by diverse exposures to
commensal and pathogenic microbes, have mature immune
systems comparable to adult humans, while the naïve immune
system of specific-pathogen free mice is akin to a neonate.
Investigation into the dirty mouse model will likely yield
important insights in our understanding of bone diseases and
disorders. A high benefit of this model is expected for
diseases known to have a connection between overactivation
of the immune system and negative bone outcomes, including
aging and osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, HIV/AIDS,
obesity and diabetes, bone marrow metastases, and bone
cancers.</jats:p>},
Doi = {10.3389/fendo.2023.1168552},
Key = {fds370605}
}
@article{fds373372,
Author = {Little-Letsinger, SE},
Title = {Serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein poorly predicts
bone mineral density: A NHANES 2017-2020
analysis.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {18},
Number = {10},
Pages = {e0288212},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288212},
Abstract = {A reliable, widely available method to detect osteoporosis
prior to fracture is needed. Serum levels of C-reactive
protein may independently predict low bone mineral density
(BMD) and high fracture risk. Existing empirical data focus
on sexually and/or racially homogenous populations. This
study tests the hypotheses that: C-reactive protein (1)
negatively correlates with BMD and (2) fracture history, and
(3) independently predicts BMD and fracture history in a
diverse population. NHANES 2017-2020 pre-pandemic cycle data
were analyzed in R studio. Strength and direction of
relationships (-1 to +1) between variables were determined
using Kendall's rank correlation coefficient (τ). Linear
models were optimized to predict femoral neck or lumbar
spine BMD. C-reactive protein positively correlated with
femoral (τ = 0.09, p<0.0001) and spine BMD (τ = 0.10,
p<0.0001). Individuals identifying as female demonstrated
more robust, but still weak, correlations between C-reactive
protein and femoral neck (τ = 0.15, p<0.0001; male, τ =
0.06, p = 0.051) and spine BMD (τ = 0.16, p<0.0001; male,
τ = 0.06, p = 0.04). C-reactive protein positively
correlated with fracture history (τ = 0.083, p = 0.0009).
C-reactive protein significantly predicted femoral neck (R2
= 0.022, p = 0.0001) and spine BMD (R2 = 0.028, p<0.0001)
and fracture history (R2 = 0.015, p<0.0001). Exploratory
analyses identified weight was the single best predictor for
femoral neck (R2 = 0.24, p<0.0001) and spine BMD (R2 = 0.21,
p<0.0001). In sum, C-reactive protein statistically
correlates with and predicts femoral neck and spine BMD, but
the magnitude is too low to be biologically meaningful.
While weight is a more robust predictor, individuals who are
overweight or obese account for nearly half of all
osteoporotic fractures, limiting the predictive power of
this variable at identifying individuals at risk for
osteoporosis. Identification of a robust predictor of
fracture risk in a diverse population and across of range of
body weights and compositions is needed.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0288212},
Key = {fds373372}
}
@article{fds370606,
Author = {Letsinger, AC and Yang, F and Menon, R and Little-Letsinger, SE and Granados, JZ and Breidenbach, B and Iyer, AR and Padovani, TC and Nagel,
EC and Jayaraman, A and Lightfoot, JT},
Title = {Reduced Wheel Running via a High-Fat Diet Is Reversed by a
Chow Diet with No Added Benefit from Fecal Microbial
Transplants.},
Journal = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise},
Volume = {54},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1437-1447},
Year = {2022},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000002941},
Abstract = {<h4>Purpose</h4>Chronic overfeeding via a
high-fat/high-sugar (HFHS) diet decreases wheel running and
substantially alters the gut metabolome of C57BL/6J mice. In
this study, we tested the hypothesis that fecal microbial
transplants can modulate the effect of diet on wheel
running.<h4>Methods</h4>Singly housed, 6-wk-old male
C57BL/6J mice were fed either a grain-based diet (CHOW) or
HFHS diet and provided a running wheel for 13 wk.
Low-active, HFHS-exposed mice were then either switched to a
CHOW diet and given an oral fecal microbial transplant from
mice fed the CHOW diet, switched to a CHOW diet and given a
sham transplant, or remained on the HFHS diet and given a
fecal microbial transplant from mice fed the CHOW diet.
Total wheel running, nutrient intake, body composition,
fecal microbial composition, fecal metabolite composition,
and liver steatosis were measured at various times
throughout the study.<h4>Results</h4>We found that an HFHS
diet decreases wheel running activity, increases body fat,
and decreases microbial alpha diversity compared with a CHOW
diet. Improvements in wheel running, body composition, and
microbial alpha diversity were accomplished within 2 wk for
mice switched from an HFHS diet to a CHOW diet with no clear
evidence of an added benefit from fecal transplants. A fecal
transplant from mice fed a CHOW diet without altering diet
did not improve wheel running or body composition. Wheel
running, body composition, fecal microbial composition,
fecal metabolite composition, and liver steatosis percentage
were primarily determined by diet.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our
results suggest that diet is a primary mediator of wheel
running with no clear effect from fecal microbial
transplants.},
Doi = {10.1249/mss.0000000000002941},
Key = {fds370606}
}
@article{fds361729,
Author = {Little-Letsinger, SE and Rubin, J and Diekman, B and Rubin, CT and McGrath, C and Pagnotti, GM and Klett, EL and Styner,
M},
Title = {Exercise to Mend Aged-tissue Crosstalk in Bone Targeting
Osteoporosis & Osteoarthritis.},
Journal = {Seminars in cell & developmental biology},
Volume = {123},
Pages = {22-35},
Year = {2022},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.08.011},
Abstract = {Aging induces alterations in bone structure and strength
through a multitude of processes, exacerbating common aging-
related diseases like osteoporosis and osteoarthritis.
Cellular hallmarks of aging are examined, as related to bone
and the marrow microenvironment, and ways in which these
might contribute to a variety of age-related perturbations
in osteoblasts, osteocytes, marrow adipocytes, chondrocytes,
osteoclasts, and their respective progenitors. Cellular
senescence, stem cell exhaustion, mitochondrial dysfunction,
epigenetic and intracellular communication changes are
central pathways and recognized as associated and
potentially causal in aging. We focus on these in
musculoskeletal system and highlight knowledge gaps in the
literature regarding cellular and tissue crosstalk in bone,
cartilage, and the bone marrow niche. While senolytics have
been utilized to target aging pathways, here we propose
non-pharmacologic, exercise-based interventions as
prospective "senolytics" against aging effects on the
skeleton. Increased bone mass and delayed onset or
progression of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis are some of
the recognized benefits of regular exercise across the
lifespan. Further investigation is needed to delineate how
cellular indicators of aging manifest in bone and the marrow
niche and how altered cellular and tissue crosstalk impact
disease progression, as well as consideration of exercise as
a therapeutic modality, as a means to enhance discovery of
bone-targeted therapies.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.08.011},
Key = {fds361729}
}
@article{fds364177,
Author = {Labella, R and Little-Letsinger, S and Avilkina, V and Sarkis, R and Tencerova, M and Vlug, A and Palmisano, B},
Title = {Next Generation Bone Marrow Adiposity Researchers: Report
From the 1st BMAS Summer School
2021.},
Journal = {Frontiers in endocrinology},
Volume = {13},
Pages = {879588},
Year = {2022},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.879588},
Abstract = {The first International Summer School on Bone Marrow
Adiposity was organized by members of Bone Marrow Adiposity
Society and held virtually on September 6-8 2021. The goal
of this meeting was to bring together young scientists
interested in learning about bone marrow adipose tissue
biology and pathology. Fifty-two researchers from different
backgrounds and fields, ranging from bone physiopathology to
adipose tissue biology and hematology, participated in the
summer school. The meeting featured three keynote lectures
on the fundamentals of bone marrow adiposity, three
scientific workshops on technical considerations in studying
bone marrow adiposity, and six motivational and career
development lectures, spanning from scientific writing to
academic career progression. Moreover, twenty-one
participants presented their work in the form of posters. In
this report we highlight key moments and lessons learned
from the event.},
Doi = {10.3389/fendo.2022.879588},
Key = {fds364177}
}
@article{fds361730,
Author = {Lawler, JM and Hord, JM and Ryan, P and Holly, D and Janini Gomes and M and Rodriguez, D and Guzzoni, V and Garcia-Villatoro, E and Green, C and Lee, Y and Little, S and Garcia, M and Hill, L and Brooks, M-C and Lawler,
MS and Keys, N and Mohajeri, A and Kamal, KY},
Title = {Nox2 Inhibition Regulates Stress Response and Mitigates
Skeletal Muscle Fiber Atrophy during Simulated
Microgravity.},
Journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
Volume = {22},
Number = {6},
Pages = {3252},
Year = {2021},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063252},
Abstract = {Insufficient stress response and elevated oxidative stress
can contribute to skeletal muscle atrophy during mechanical
unloading (e.g., spaceflight and bedrest). Perturbations in
heat shock proteins (e.g., HSP70), antioxidant enzymes, and
sarcolemmal neuronal nitric oxidase synthase (nNOS) have
been linked to unloading-induced atrophy. We recently
discovered that the sarcolemmal NADPH oxidase-2 complex
(Nox2) is elevated during unloading, downstream of
angiotensin II receptor 1, and concomitant with atrophy.
Here, we hypothesized that peptidyl inhibition of Nox2 would
attenuate disruption of HSP70, MnSOD, and sarcolemmal nNOS
during unloading, and thus muscle fiber atrophy. F344 rats
were divided into control (CON), hindlimb unloaded (HU), and
hindlimb unloaded +7.5 mg/kg/day gp91ds-tat (HUG) groups.
Unloading-induced elevation of the Nox2 subunit
p67phox-positive staining was mitigated by gp91ds-tat. HSP70
protein abundance was significantly lower in HU muscles, but
not HUG. MnSOD decreased with unloading; however, MnSOD was
not rescued by gp91ds-tat. In contrast, Nox2 inhibition
protected against unloading suppression of the antioxidant
transcription factor Nrf2. nNOS bioactivity was reduced by
HU, an effect abrogated by Nox2 inhibition.
Unloading-induced soleus fiber atrophy was significantly
attenuated by gp91ds-tat. These data establish a causal role
for Nox2 in unloading-induced muscle atrophy, linked to
preservation of HSP70, Nrf2, and sarcolemmal
nNOS.},
Doi = {10.3390/ijms22063252},
Key = {fds361730}
}
@article{fds361731,
Author = {Xie, Z and McGrath, C and Sankaran, J and Styner, M and Little-Letsinger, S and Dudakovic, A and van Wijnen, AJ and Rubin, J and Sen, B},
Title = {Low-Dose Tamoxifen Induces Significant Bone Formation in
Mice.},
Journal = {JBMR plus},
Volume = {5},
Number = {3},
Pages = {e10450},
Year = {2021},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm4.10450},
Abstract = {Use of the selective estrogen receptor modulator Tamoxifen
(TAM) is a mainstay to induce conditional expression of Cre
recombinase in transgenic laboratory mice. To excise
β-catenin <sup><i>fl/fl</i></sup> in 28-day-old male and
female Prrx1-CreER/β-catenin <sup><i>fl/fl</i></sup> mice
(C57BL/6), we utilized TAM at 150 mg/kg; despite
β-catenin knockout in MSC, we found a significant increase
in trabecular and cortical bone volume in all genders.
Because TAM was similarly anabolic in KO and control mice,
we investigated a dose effect on bone formation by treating
wild-type mice (WT C57BL/6, 4 weeks) with TAM (total dose
0, 20, 40, 200 mg/kg via four injections). TAM increased
bone in a dose-dependent manner analyzed by micro-computed
tomography (μCT), which showed that, compared to control,
20 mg/kg TAM increased femoral bone volume fraction (bone
volume/total volume [BV/TV]) (21.6% ± 1.5% to
33% ± 2.5%; 153%, <i>p</i> < 0.005). With TAM 40
mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, BV/TV increased to 48.1% ± 4.4%
(223%, <i>p</i> < 0.0005) and 58% ± 3.8% (269%,
<i>p</i> < 0.0001) respectively, compared to control.
Osteoblast markers increased with 200 mg/kg TAM:
<i>Dlx5</i> (224%, <i>p</i> < 0.0001), <i>Alp</i> (166%,
<i>p</i> < 0.0001), <i>Bglap</i> (223%,
<i>p</i> < 0.0001), and <i>Sp7</i> (228%,
<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Osteoclasts per bone surface
(Oc#/BS) nearly doubled at the lowest TAM dose (20 mg/kg),
but decreased to <20% control with 200 mg/kg TAM. Our data
establish that use of TAM at even very low doses to excise a
floxed target in postnatal mice has profound effects on
trabecular and cortical bone formation. As such, TAM
treatment is a major confounder in the interpretation of
bone phenotypes in conditional gene knockout mouse models.
© 2020 The Authors. <i>JBMR Plus</i> published by Wiley
Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and
Mineral Research.},
Doi = {10.1002/jbm4.10450},
Key = {fds361731}
}
@article{fds361732,
Author = {Little-Letsinger, SE and Turner, ND and Ford, JR and Suva, LJ and Bloomfield, SA},
Title = {Omega-3 fatty acid modulation of serum and osteocyte tumor
necrosis factor-α in adult mice exposed to ionizing
radiation.},
Journal = {Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. :
1985)},
Volume = {130},
Number = {3},
Pages = {627-639},
Year = {2021},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00848.2020},
Abstract = {Chronic inflammation leads to bone loss and fragility.
Proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis
factor-alpha (TNF-α) consistently promote bone resorption.
Dietary modulation of proinflammatory cytokines is an
accepted therapeutic approach to treat chronic inflammation,
including that induced by space-relevant radiation exposure.
As such, these studies were designed to determine whether an
anti-inflammatory diet, high in omega-3 fatty acids, could
reduce radiation-mediated bone damage via reductions in the
levels of inflammatory cytokines in osteocytes and serum.
Lgr5-EGFP C57BL/6 mice were randomized to receive diets
containing fish oil and pectin (FOP; high in omega-3 fatty
acids) or corn oil and cellulose (COC; high in omega-6 fatty
acids) and then acutely exposed to 0.5-Gy <sup>56</sup>Fe or
2.0-Gy gamma-radiation. Mice fed the FOP diet exhibited
consistent reductions in serum TNF-α in the <sup>56</sup>Fe
experiment but not the gamma-experiment. The percentage
osteocytes (%Ot) positive for TNF-α increased in
gamma-exposed COC, but not FOP, mice. Minimal changes in %Ot
positive for sclerostin were observed. FOP mice exhibited
modest improvements in several measures of cancellous
microarchitecture and volumetric bone mineral density (BMD)
postexposure to <sup>56</sup>Fe and gamma-radiation. Reduced
serum TNF-α in FOP mice exposed to <sup>56</sup>Fe was
associated with either neutral or modestly positive changes
in bone structural integrity. Collectively, these data are
generally consistent with previous findings that dietary
intake of omega-3 fatty acids may effectively mitigate
systemic inflammation after acute radiation exposure and
facilitate maintenance of BMD during spaceflight in
humans.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This is the first
investigation, to our knowledge, to test the impact of a
diet high in omega-3 fatty acids on multiple bone structural
and biological outcomes following space-relevant radiation
exposure. Novel in biological outcomes is the assessment of
osteocyte responses to this stressor. These data also add to
the growing evidence that low-dose exposures to even
high-energy ion species like <sup>56</sup>Fe may have
neutral or even small positive impacts on
bone.},
Doi = {10.1152/japplphysiol.00848.2020},
Key = {fds361732}
}
@article{fds370607,
Author = {McGrath, C and Little-Letsinger, SE and Sankaran, JS and Sen, B and Xie,
Z and Styner, MA and Zong, X and Chen, W and Rubin, J and Klett, EL and Coleman, RA and Styner, M},
Title = {Exercise Increases Bone in SEIPIN Deficient Lipodystrophy,
Despite Low Marrow Adiposity.},
Journal = {Frontiers in endocrinology},
Volume = {12},
Pages = {782194},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.782194},
Abstract = {Exercise, typically beneficial for skeletal health, has not
yet been studied in lipodystrophy, a condition characterized
by paucity of white adipose tissue, with eventual diabetes,
and steatosis. We applied a mouse model of global deficiency
of Bscl2 (SEIPIN), required for lipid droplet formation.
Male twelve-week-old B6 knockouts (KO) and wild type (WT)
littermates were assigned six-weeks of voluntary, running
exercise (E) versus non-exercise (N=5-8). KO weighed 14%
less than WT (p=0.01) and exhibited an absence of epididymal
adipose tissue; KO liver Plin1 via qPCR was 9-fold that of
WT (p=0.04), consistent with steatosis. Bone marrow adipose
tissue (BMAT), unlike white adipose, was measurable,
although 40.5% lower in KO vs WT (p=0.0003) via 9.4T
MRI/advanced image analysis. SEIPIN ablation's most notable
effect marrow adiposity was in the proximal femoral
diaphysis (-56% KO vs WT, p=0.005), with relative
preservation in KO-distal-femur. Bone via μCT was preserved
in SEIPIN KO, though some quality parameters were
attenuated. Running distance, speed, and time were
comparable in KO and WT. Exercise reduced weight (-24% WT-E
vs WT p<0.001) but not in KO. Notably, exercise increased
trabecular BV/TV in both (+31%, KO-E vs KO, p=0.004; +14%,
WT-E vs WT, p=0.006). The presence and distribution of BMAT
in SEIPIN KO, though lower than WT, is unexpected and points
to a uniqueness of this depot. That trabecular bone
increases were achievable in both KO and WT, despite a
difference in BMAT quantity/distribution, points to
potential metabolic flexibility during exercise-induced
skeletal anabolism.},
Doi = {10.3389/fendo.2021.782194},
Key = {fds370607}
}
@article{fds361733,
Author = {Little-Letsinger, SE and Pagnotti, GM and McGrath, C and Styner,
M},
Title = {Exercise and Diet: Uncovering Prospective Mediators of
Skeletal Fragility in Bone and Marrow Adipose
Tissue.},
Journal = {Current osteoporosis reports},
Volume = {18},
Number = {6},
Pages = {774-789},
Year = {2020},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11914-020-00634-y},
Abstract = {<h4>Purpose of review</h4>To highlight recent basic,
translational, and clinical works demonstrating exercise and
diet regulation of marrow adipose tissue (MAT) and bone and
how this informs current understanding of the relationship
between marrow adiposity and musculoskeletal
health.<h4>Recent findings</h4>Marrow adipocytes accumulate
in the bone in the setting of not only hypercaloric intake
(calorie excess; e.g., diet-induced obesity) but also with
hypocaloric intake (calorie restriction; e.g., anorexia),
despite the fact that these states affect bone differently.
With hypercaloric intake, bone quantity is largely
unaffected, whereas with hypocaloric intake, bone quantity
and quality are greatly diminished. Voluntary running
exercise in rodents was found to lower MAT and promote bone
in eucaloric and hypercaloric states, while degrading bone
in hypocaloric states, suggesting differential modulation of
MAT and bone, dependent upon whole-body energy status.
Energy status alters bone metabolism and bioenergetics via
substrate availability or excess, which plays a key role in
the response of bone and MAT to mechanical stimuli. Marrow
adipose tissue (MAT) is a fat depot with a potential role
in-as well as responsivity to-whole-body energy metabolism.
Understanding the localized function of this depot in bone
cell bioenergetics and substrate storage, principally in the
exercised state, will aid to uncover putative therapeutic
targets for skeletal fragility.},
Doi = {10.1007/s11914-020-00634-y},
Key = {fds361733}
}
@article{fds361734,
Author = {Letsinger, AC and Granados, JZ and Little, SE and Lightfoot,
JT},
Title = {Alleles associated with physical activity levels are
estimated to be older than anatomically modern
humans.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {14},
Number = {4},
Pages = {e0216155},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216155},
Abstract = {The purpose of this study was to determine the estimated
mutation age and conservation of single-nucleotide
polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with physical activity (PA)
in humans. All human SNPs found to be significantly
associated with PA levels in the literature were
cross-referenced with the National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute's Grand Opportunity Exome Sequencing Project to
find estimated African-American (AA) and European-American
(EA) mutation age. As a secondary measure of mutation age,
SNPs were searched for in Hawk's mutation age prediction
database which utilizes linkage equilibrium. To determine
conservation among hominids, all SNPs were searched in the
University of California, Santa Cruz Genome Browser, which
contains Neanderthal and chimpanzee reference genomes. Six
of the 104 SNPs associated with PA regulation were
exon-located missense variants found in IFNAR2, PPARGC1A,
PML, CTBP2, IL5RA, and APOE genes. The remaining 98 SNPs
were located in non-protein coding regions. Average AA and
EA estimated mutation age of the exon-located SNPs were
478.4 ± 327.5 kya and 542.1 ± 369.4 kya, respectively.
There were four selective sweeps (suggestive of strong
positive selection) of SNPs in humans when compared to
Neanderthal or chimpanzee genomes. Exon-located PA candidate
SNPs are older than the hypothesized emergence of
anatomically modern humans. However, 95% of PA associated
SNPs are found in intron and intergenic location. Across all
SNPs, there seems to be a high level of conservation of
alleles between humans, Neanderthals, and chimpanzees.
However, the presence of four selective sweeps suggests
there were selection pressures or drift unique to Homo
sapiens that influenced the development of mutations
associated with PA regulation.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0216155},
Key = {fds361734}
}
%% MacLean, Evan L
@article{fds324110,
Author = {MacLean, EL and Hare, B and Nunn, CL and Addessi, E and Amici, F and Anderson, RC and Aureli, F and Baker, JM and Bania, AE and Barnard, AM and Boogert, NJ and Brannon, EM and Bray, EE and Bray, J and Brent, LJN and Burkart, JM and Call, J and Cantlon, JF and Cheke, LG and Clayton, NS and Delgado, MM and DiVincenti, LJ and Fujita, K and Herrmann, E and Hiramatsu, C and Jacobs, LF and Jordan, KE and Laude, JR and Leimgruber,
KL and Messer, EJE and Moura, ACDA and Ostojić, L and Picard, A and Platt,
ML and Plotnik, JM and Range, F and Reader, SM and Reddy, RB and Sandel,
AA and Santos, LR and Schumann, K and Seed, AM and Sewall, KB and Shaw, RC and Slocombe, KE and Su, Y and Takimoto, A and Tan, J and Tao, R and van
Schaik, CP and Virányi, Z and Visalberghi, E and Wade, JC and Watanabe,
A and Widness, J and Young, JK and Zentall, TR and Zhao,
Y},
Title = {The evolution of self-control.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {111},
Number = {20},
Pages = {E2140-E2148},
Year = {2014},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1323533111},
Abstract = {Cognition presents evolutionary research with one of its
greatest challenges. Cognitive evolution has been explained
at the proximate level by shifts in absolute and relative
brain volume and at the ultimate level by differences in
social and dietary complexity. However, no study has
integrated the experimental and phylogenetic approach at the
scale required to rigorously test these explanations.
Instead, previous research has largely relied on various
measures of brain size as proxies for cognitive abilities.
We experimentally evaluated these major evolutionary
explanations by quantitatively comparing the cognitive
performance of 567 individuals representing 36 species on
two problem-solving tasks measuring self-control.
Phylogenetic analysis revealed that absolute brain volume
best predicted performance across species and accounted for
considerably more variance than brain volume controlling for
body mass. This result corroborates recent advances in
evolutionary neurobiology and illustrates the cognitive
consequences of cortical reorganization through increases in
brain volume. Within primates, dietary breadth but not
social group size was a strong predictor of species
differences in self-control. Our results implicate robust
evolutionary relationships between dietary breadth, absolute
brain volume, and self-control. These findings provide a
significant first step toward quantifying the primate
cognitive phenome and explaining the process of cognitive
evolution.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1323533111},
Key = {fds324110}
}
@article{fds224944,
Author = {Bray, E. E. and MacLean, E. L. and Hare, B.},
Title = {Context specificity of inhibitory control in
dogs},
Journal = {Animal Cognition},
Volume = {17},
Number = {1},
Pages = {15-31},
Year = {2014},
Key = {fds224944}
}
@article{fds224946,
Author = {MacLean, E. L. and Krupenye, C. and Hare, B.},
Title = {Dogs account for body orientation but not visual barriers
when responding to pointing gestures},
Journal = {Journal of Comparative Psychology},
Year = {2014},
Key = {fds224946}
}
@article{fds224948,
Author = {MacLean, E. L. and Hare, B.},
Title = {Bonobos and chimpanzees exploit helpful but not prohibitive
gestures},
Journal = {Behaviour},
Year = {2014},
Key = {fds224948}
}
@article{fds324111,
Author = {MacLean, E and Hare, B},
Title = {Spontaneous triadic engagement in bonobos (Pan paniscus) and
chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).},
Journal = {Journal of Comparative Psychology},
Volume = {127},
Number = {3},
Pages = {245-255},
Year = {2013},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0030935},
Abstract = {Humans are believed to have evolved a unique motivation to
participate in joint activities that first develops during
infancy and supports the development of shared
intentionality. We conducted five experiments with bonobos
(Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) (Total n =
119) to assess their motivation to spontaneously participate
in joint activities with a conspecific or a human. We found
that even the youngest subjects preferred to interact
together with a human and a toy rather than engaging in an
identical game alone. In addition, we found that subjects
could spontaneously interact with a human in a turn-taking
game involving passing a ball back and forth and used
behaviors to elicit additional interaction when the game was
disrupted. However, when paired with a conspecific, subjects
preferred to interact with an object individually rather
than together. Our results indicate that nonhuman apes are
motivated to engage in triadic activities if they occur
spontaneously with humans and require a minimum amount of
coordination. These findings leave open the question of
whether these activities are coordinated through shared
intentions.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0030935},
Key = {fds324111}
}
@article{fds224945,
Author = {MacLean, E. L. and Sandel, A. A. and Bray, J. and Oldenkamp, R. and Reddy, R. and Hare, B.},
Title = {Group size predicts social but not nonsocial cognition in
lemurs},
Journal = {PLOS ONE},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds224945}
}
@article{fds240810,
Author = {MacLean, EL and Matthews, LJ and Hare, BA and Nunn, CL and Anderson, RC and Aureli, F and Brannon, EM and Call, J and Drea, CM and Emery, NJ and Haun,
DBM and Herrmann, E and Jacobs, LF and Platt, ML and Rosati, AG and Sandel,
AA and Schroepfer, KK and Seed, AM and Tan, J and van Schaik, CP and Wobber, V},
Title = {How does cognition evolve? Phylogenetic comparative
psychology.},
Journal = {Anim Cogn},
Volume = {15},
Number = {2},
Pages = {223-238},
Year = {2012},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21927850},
Abstract = {Now more than ever animal studies have the potential to test
hypotheses regarding how cognition evolves. Comparative
psychologists have developed new techniques to probe the
cognitive mechanisms underlying animal behavior, and they
have become increasingly skillful at adapting methodologies
to test multiple species. Meanwhile, evolutionary biologists
have generated quantitative approaches to investigate the
phylogenetic distribution and function of phenotypic traits,
including cognition. In particular, phylogenetic methods can
quantitatively (1) test whether specific cognitive abilities
are correlated with life history (e.g., lifespan),
morphology (e.g., brain size), or socio-ecological variables
(e.g., social system), (2) measure how strongly phylogenetic
relatedness predicts the distribution of cognitive skills
across species, and (3) estimate the ancestral state of a
given cognitive trait using measures of cognitive
performance from extant species. Phylogenetic methods can
also be used to guide the selection of species comparisons
that offer the strongest tests of a priori predictions of
cognitive evolutionary hypotheses (i.e., phylogenetic
targeting). Here, we explain how an integration of
comparative psychology and evolutionary biology will answer
a host of questions regarding the phylogenetic distribution
and history of cognitive traits, as well as the evolutionary
processes that drove their evolution.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-011-0448-8},
Key = {fds240810}
}
@article{fds240811,
Author = {MacLean, EL and Hare, B},
Title = {Bonobos and chimpanzees infer the target of another's
attention},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {83},
Number = {2},
Pages = {345-353},
Year = {2012},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.10.026},
Abstract = {We examined the ability of bonobos, Pan paniscus (N= 39),
and chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes (N= 74), to infer the
target of an experimenter's visual attention in a series of
three experiments. In each experiment subjects were first
introduced to a novel object while an experimenter's (E1)
visual access to this object was manipulated by (1) having
E1 orient towards or away from the object, (2) positioning a
visual occluder that did or did not block E1's view of the
object, or (3) substituting a different experimenter for E1
during the introduction phase of the trial. After subjects
were introduced to the objects in one of these ways, E1
vocalized excitedly while gazing ambiguously towards the
previously introduced target object and a second location on
the same visual plane. In each experiment we measured
whether subjects looked at the object or the alternative
target of the E1's gaze. We predicted that if subjects
recognized when E1 was previously familiar with the object,
they would search for an alternative target of his attention
more frequently in these trials. In all three contexts,
chimpanzees, and in one context, bonobos, behaved
consistently with this prediction. These results are not
easily explained by learning or behaviour-reading hypotheses
because responses were never rewarded, few trials were
conducted per subject, and the experimenter's behaviour was
the same across experimental conditions at the moment
subjects were required to respond. Therefore, similar to
human infants, subjects most likely remembered what the
experimenter had or had not seen in the past, allowing them
to infer the target of his attention in the present. © 2011
The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.10.026},
Key = {fds240811}
}
@article{fds240812,
Author = {MacLean, EL and Hare, B},
Title = {Spontaneous Triadic Engagement in Chimpanzees and
Bonobos},
Journal = {Journal of Comparative Psychology},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds240812}
}
@article{fds240809,
Author = {Sandel, AA and MacLean, EL and Hare, B},
Title = {Evidence from four lemur species that ringtailed lemur
social cognition converges with that of haplorhine
primates},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {81},
Number = {5},
Pages = {925-931},
Year = {2011},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.01.020},
Abstract = {Many haplorhine primates flexibly exploit social cues when
competing for food. Whether strepsirrhine primates possess
similar abilities is unknown. To explore the phylogenetic
origins of such skills among primates, we tested ringtailed
lemurs, Lemur catta, for their ability to exploit social
cues while competing for food. We found that in two contexts
ringtailed lemurs spontaneously approached food out of their
competitor's view. To assess whether these skills are
related to the relatively complex social structure seen in
ringtailed lemurs or shared more broadly across a range of
strepsirrhines, we then compared ringtailed lemurs to three
lemur species with less complex societies in the same food
competition task (N=50 lemurs). Although all species
skilfully avoided food proximate to a competitor in a
pretest, only ringtailed lemurs performed above chance in
the food competition task that required subjects to avoid
food that an experimenter was facing in favour of one that
he was not facing. We also compared all four species in a
noncompetitive gaze-following task. Ringtailed lemurs were
again the only species that looked up more frequently when
an experimenter gazed into space than when an experimenter
gazed forward (although at relatively low frequencies).
These results are consistent with the hypothesis that
ringtailed lemurs have undergone convergent social-cognitive
evolution with haplorhines, possibly as an adaptation for
living in the largest and most complex social groups among
strepsirrhines. Results are discussed in terms of lemur
cognitive evolution as well as the social intelligence
hypothesis. © 2011 The Association for the Study of Animal
Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.01.020},
Key = {fds240809}
}
@article{fds240807,
Author = {Merritt, DJ and MacLean, EL and Crawford, JC and Brannon,
EM},
Title = {Numerical rule-learning in ring-tailed Lemurs (Lemur
catta)},
Journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
Volume = {2},
Number = {23},
Pages = {1-9},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00023},
Doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00023},
Key = {fds240807}
}
@article{fds240808,
Author = {MacLean, EL and Mandalaywala, T and Brannon, E},
Title = {Variance-sensitive choice in lemurs: Constancy trumps
quantity},
Journal = {Animal Cognition},
Volume = {15},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-11},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-011-0425-2},
Abstract = {Numerous studies have demonstrated that animals' tolerance
for risk when foraging can be affected by changes in
metabolic state. Specifically, animals on a negative energy
budget increase their preferences for risk, while animals on
a positive energy budget are typically risk-averse. The
malleability of these preferences may be evolutionarily
advantageous, and important for maximizing chances of
survival during brief periods of energetic stress. However,
animals adapted to living in unpredictable conditions are
unlikely to benefit from risk-seeking strategies, and
instead are expected to reduce energetic demands while
maintaining risk-aversion. We measured risk preferences in
lemurs, a group of primates restricted to the island of
Madagascar. Lemurs have evolved diverse anatomical and
behavioral traits for survival in a harsh and unpredictable
ecology, and these traits have been explained as forms of
anatomical and behavioral risk reduction. We therefore
predicted that lemurs would also be risk-averse in a
behavioral task that offered subjects a choice between a
small certain reward, and an uncertain but potentially large
reward. In Experiment 1, the average rewards associated with
the constant and variable options were equal and lemurs
exhibited high levels of risk-aversion, replicating a
phenomenon that has been demonstrated in dozens of taxa. In
Experiment 2, we gradually increased the average value of
the variable option relative to the constant option. Lemurs'
preferences tracked these changes and subjects became more
risk-seeking as the risk premium increased. However, many
subjects maintained high levels of risk-aversion even when
the average payout of the variable option yielded double
that of the constant option. These results are consistent
with the notion that lemur cognition has evolved to minimize
risk in an unpredictable island environment.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-011-0425-2},
Key = {fds240808}
}
@article{fds240813,
Author = {MacLean, EL and Barrickman, NL and Johnson, EM and Wall,
CE},
Title = {Sociality, ecology, and relative brain size in
lemurs.},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {56},
Number = {5},
Pages = {471-478},
Year = {2009},
Month = {May},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19410273},
Abstract = {The social brain hypothesis proposes that haplorhine
primates have evolved relatively large brains for their body
size primarily as an adaptation for living in complex social
groups. Studies that support this hypothesis have shown a
strong relationship between relative brain size and group
size in these taxa. Recent reports suggest that this pattern
is unique to haplorhine primates; many nonprimate taxa do
not show a relationship between group size and relative
brain size. Rather, pairbonded social monogamy appears to be
a better predictor of a large relative brain size in many
nonprimate taxa. It has been suggested that haplorhine
primates may have expanded the pairbonded relationship
beyond simple dyads towards the evolution of complex social
groups. We examined the relationship between group size,
pairbonding, and relative brain size in a sample of 19
lemurs; strepsirrhine primates that last share a common
ancestor with monkeys and apes approximately 75 Ma. First,
we evaluated the social brain hypothesis, which predicts
that species with larger social groups will have relatively
larger brains. Secondly, we tested the pairbonded
hypothesis, which predicts that species with a pairbonded
social organization will have relatively larger brains than
non-pairbonded species. We found no relationship between
group size or pairbonding and relative brain size in lemurs.
We conducted two further analyses to test for possible
relationships between two nonsocial variables, activity
pattern and diet, and relative brain size. Both diet and
activity pattern are significantly associated with relative
brain size in our sample. Specifically, frugivorous species
have relatively larger brains than folivorous species, and
cathemeral species have relatively larger brains than
diurnal, but not nocturnal species. These findings highlight
meaningful differences between Malagasy strepsirrhines and
haplorhines, and between Malagasy strepsirrhines and
nonprimate taxa, regarding the social and ecological factors
associated with increases in relative brain size. The
results suggest that factors such as foraging complexity and
flexibility of activity patterns may have driven selection
for increases in brain size in lemurs.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.12.005},
Key = {fds240813}
}
@article{fds139598,
Author = {MacLean, E. L. and Prior, S. R. and Platt, M. L. and Brannon, E.
M.},
Title = {Primate location preference in a double-tier cage: Parsing
the effects of illumination and cage height.},
Journal = {Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds139598}
}
@article{fds240806,
Author = {MacLean, EL and Prior, SR and Platt, ML and Brannon,
EM},
Title = {Primate location preference in a double-tier cage: the
effects of illumination and cage height.},
Journal = {J Appl Anim Welf Sci},
Volume = {12},
Number = {1},
Pages = {73-81},
Year = {2009},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19107666},
Abstract = {Nonhuman primates are frequently housed in double-tier
arrangements with significant differences between the
environments of the upper and lower-row cages. Although
several studies have investigated whether this arrangement
alters monkeys' behavior, no studies have addressed the two
most notable differences, light and height, individually to
determine their relative importance. This experiment
examined how rhesus and long-tailed macaques allocated their
time between the upper and lower-row cages of a 1-over-1
apartment module under different lighting conditions. In
Condition A, monkeys' baseline degree of preference for the
upper- and lower-row was tested. In Condition B, the
lighting environment was reversed by limiting illumination
in the upper-row cage and increasing illumination in the
lower-row cage. In both conditions, monkeys spent more time
in the upper-row cage, thus indicating a strong preference
for elevation regardless of illumination. The amount of time
that monkeys spent in the lower-row cage increased by 7%
under reversed lighting, but this trend was not significant.
These results corroborate the importance of providing
captive primates with access to elevated
areas.},
Doi = {10.1080/10888700802536822},
Key = {fds240806}
}
@article{fds240805,
Author = {Jordan, KE and Maclean, EL and Brannon, EM},
Title = {Monkeys match and tally quantities across
senses.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {108},
Number = {3},
Pages = {617-625},
Year = {2008},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0010-0277},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2008.05.006},
Abstract = {We report here that monkeys can actively match the number of
sounds they hear to the number of shapes they see and
present the first evidence that monkeys sum over sounds and
sights. In Experiment 1, two monkeys were trained to choose
a simultaneous array of 1-9 squares that numerically matched
a sample sequence of shapes or sounds. Monkeys numerically
matched across (audio-visual) and within (visual-visual)
modalities with equal accuracy and transferred to novel
numerical values. In Experiment 2, monkeys presented with
sample sequences of randomly ordered shapes or tones were
able to choose an array of 2-9 squares that was the
numerical sum of the shapes and sounds in the sample
sequence. In both experiments, accuracy and reaction time
depended on the ratio between the correct numerical match
and incorrect choice. These findings suggest monkeys and
humans share an abstract numerical code that can be divorced
from the modality in which stimuli are first
experienced.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2008.05.006},
Key = {fds240805}
}
@article{fds240814,
Author = {Maclean, EL and Merritt, DJ and Brannon, EM},
Title = {Social Complexity Predicts Transitive Reasoning in Prosimian
Primates.},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {76},
Number = {2},
Pages = {479-486},
Year = {2008},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19649139},
Abstract = {Transitive Inference is a form of deductive reasoning that
has been suggested as one cognitive mechanism by which
animals could learn the many relationships within their
group's dominance hierarchy. This process thus bears
relevance to the social intelligence hypothesis which posits
evolutionary links between various forms of social and
nonsocial cognition. Recent evidence corroborates the link
between social complexity and transitive inference and
indicates that highly social animals may show superior
transitive reasoning even in nonsocial contexts. We examined
the relationship between social complexity and transitive
inference in two species of prosimians, a group of primates
that diverged from the common ancestor of monkeys, apes, and
humans over 50 million years ago. In Experiment 1, highly
social ring-tailed lemurs, Lemur catta, outperformed the
less social mongoose lemurs, Eulemur mongoz, in tests of
transitive inference and showed more robust representations
of the underlying ordinal relationships between the stimuli.
In Experiment 2, after training under a correction procedure
that emphasized the underlying linear dimension of the
series, both species showed similar transitive inference.
This finding suggests that the two lemur species differ not
in their fundamental ability to make transitive inferences,
but rather in their predisposition to mentally organize
information along a common underlying dimension. Together,
these results support the hypothesis that social complexity
is an important selective pressure for the evolution of
cognitive abilities relevant to transitive
reasoning.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.01.025},
Key = {fds240814}
}
@article{fds240815,
Author = {Merritt, D and Maclean, EL and Jaffe, S and Brannon,
EM},
Title = {A comparative analysis of serial ordering in ring-tailed
lemurs (Lemur catta).},
Journal = {Journal of Comparative Psychology},
Volume = {121},
Number = {4},
Pages = {363-371},
Year = {2007},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0735-7036},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18085919},
Abstract = {Research over the last 25 years has demonstrated that
animals are able to organize sequences in memory and
retrieve ordered sequences without language. Qualitative
differences have been found between the serial organization
of behavior in pigeons and monkeys. Here the authors test
serial ordering abilities in ring-tailed lemurs, a
strepsirrhine primate whose ancestral lineage diverged from
that of monkeys, apes, and humans approximately 63 million
years ago. Lemurs' accuracy and response times were similar
to monkeys, thus suggesting that they may share mechanisms
for serial organization that dates to a common primate
ancestor.},
Doi = {10.1037/0735-7036.121.4.363},
Key = {fds240815}
}
%% Madden, Richard H.
@article{fds30995,
Author = {Madden, R.H.},
Title = {Vertebrate Paleontological Techniques},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {16},
Number = {1},
Pages = {594-599},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Patrick Leiggi and Peter May},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds30995}
}
@article{fds31084,
Author = {Bond, M and G. Lopez and R. Madden and M. Reguero and A.
Scarano},
Title = {Los ungulados no mienten},
Series = {XX Jornadas Argentinas de Paleontologia de Vertebrados (La
Plaa), Libro de Resumenes},
Pages = {13},
Year = {2004},
Month = {May},
Key = {fds31084}
}
@article{fds31040,
Author = {Weston, E.M. and R.H. Madden and M.R. Sánchez-Villagra},
Title = {Early Miocene astrapotheres (Mammalia) from northern South
America},
Volume = {71},
Series = {Palaeontological Association, Special Papers in
Paleontology},
Pages = {81-97},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds31040}
}
@article{fds30983,
Author = {Kohn, M.J. and J.A. Josef and R.H. Madden and R.F. Kay and G. Vucetich and A.A. Carlini},
Title = {Climate stability across the Eocene-Oligocene transition,
southern Argentina},
Journal = {Geology},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds30983}
}
@article{fds31082,
Author = {Madden, R.H.},
Title = {Geochronology of the Sarmiento Formation at Gran
Barranca},
Series = {XX Jornadas Argentinas de Paleontologia de Vertebrados (La
Plaa), Libro de Resumenes},
Pages = {2},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds31082}
}
@article{fds31083,
Author = {Madden, R.H.},
Title = {Potential and limits to the science of paleoecology: the
case of Andean uplift and middle to late Miocene
paleoenvironments in southern Ecuador},
Series = {XX Jornadas Argentinas de Paleontologia de Vertebrados (La
Plaa), Libro de Resumenes},
Pages = {2-3},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds31083}
}
@article{fds31080,
Author = {Madden, R.H. and A.A. Carlini and M.G. Vucetich and R.F. Kay and M.
Heizler, J.F. Vilas and G.H. Re and M.J. Kohn and A. Zucol and E.
Bellosi},
Title = {Gran Barranca; the most complete South American middle
Cenozoic sequence},
Series = {International Subcommission on Paleogene Stratigraphy,
Symposium on the Paleogene “Preparing for Modern Life and
Climate” (Leuven, Belgium)},
Pages = {38},
Year = {2003},
Month = {August},
Key = {fds31080}
}
@article{fds31081,
Author = {Madden, R.H. and A.A. Carlini and M.G. Vucetich and R.F. Kay and M.
Heizler, J.F. Vilas and G.H. Re and M.J. Kohn and A. Zucol and E.
Bellosi},
Title = {The terrestrial Eocene-Oligocene transition at Gran Barranca
in Patagonia: a high-resolution Southern Hemisphere
continental archive},
Series = {International Subcommission on Paleogene Stratigraphy,
Symposium on the Paleogene “Preparing for Modern Life and
Climate” (Leuven, Belgium)},
Pages = {39},
Year = {2003},
Month = {August},
Key = {fds31081}
}
@article{fds30984,
Author = {Zucol, A. F. and Brea, M. and Madden, R. H. and Bellosi, E. and Carlini, A. A. and G. Vucetich and in press},
Title = {Preliminary phytolith analysis of Sarmiento Formation in the
Gran Barranca (central Patagonia, Argentina)},
Series = {Proceedings of the 4th International Meeting of Phytolith
Research (London)},
Year = {2002},
Month = {August},
Key = {fds30984}
}
@article{fds31072,
Author = {Bellosi, E.S. and González, M. and Kay, R.F. and Madden,
R.H.},
Title = {El valle inciso colhuehuapense de la Formación Sarmiento en
la Gran Barranca, (Mioceno temprano, Patagonia central):
origen, edafización y relleno},
Series = {IX Reunion Argentina de Sedimentologia (Córdoba)},
Pages = {49},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds31072}
}
@article{fds31075,
Author = {Madden, R.H. and E. Kowalski and M. Morgan},
Title = {Middle to late Miocene paleoenvironments of equatorial South
America},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {23},
Number = {3},
Pages = {82A},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds31075}
}
@article{fds31076,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and R.H. Madden and A.A. Carlini and M.G. Vucetich and E.
Bellosi, M. Heizler and G.H. Re and J.F. Vilas},
Title = {The Mustersan Interval at Gran Barranca},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {23},
Number = {3},
Pages = {73A},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds31076}
}
@article{fds31077,
Author = {Damuth, J.D. and M. Fortelius and P. Andrews and P. Bedgley and E.A.
Hadly, S. Hixson and C. Janis and R.H. Madden and K. Reed and F.A.
Smith, J. Theodor and J.A. Van Dam and B. Van Valkenburgh and L.
Werdelin},
Title = {Reconstructing mean annual precipitation based on mammalian
dental morphology and local species richness},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {23},
Number = {3},
Pages = {48A},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds31077}
}
@article{fds31078,
Author = {Sanchez-Villagra, M. and R. Asher and C. Brochu and R.H. Madden and A.
Rincon, E. Weston},
Title = {Discovery of continental mammals and other vertebrates of
biogeographic significance in the early Miocene of
Venezuela},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {23},
Number = {3},
Pages = {102A},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds31078}
}
@article{fds31079,
Author = {Madden, R.H. and E. Kowalski and M. Morgan},
Title = {Up Out Of The Amazon: Andean Uplift and Middle to Late
Miocene Paleoenvironments in Southern Ecuador},
Series = {3rd International Congress of Sedimentology (Belem,
Brazil)},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds31079}
}
@article{fds31074,
Author = {Zucol, A.F. and M. Brea and Carlini, A.A. y Madden and R.H.},
Title = {Análisis fitolíticos en la secuencia sedimentaria de Gran
Barranca, Chubut, Argentina: II. El Miembro Colhué Huapi
(Formación Sarmiento)},
Journal = {Ameghiniana, Suplemento, 2001-Resumenes},
Volume = {38},
Series = {Segundo Encuentro de Investigaciones Fitoliticas del Cono
Sur (Mar Del Plata)},
Number = {4},
Pages = {50R},
Year = {2001},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds31074}
}
@article{fds31071,
Author = {Kay, R. F. and Madden, R. H. and Carlini, A. A. and Vucetich, M. G. and Bond, M. and Bellosi, E. and Heizler, M. and Re, G. H. and Vilas, J.
F.},
Title = {The Mustersan Interval at Gran Barranca},
Journal = {Ameghiniana},
Volume = {38},
Series = {Reunión Annual de Comunicaciones Asociacion Paleontologica
Argentina (Diamente, Entre Rios)},
Number = {4},
Pages = {34R},
Editor = {Suplemento, 2001-Resumenes},
Year = {2001},
Month = {November},
Key = {fds31071}
}
@article{fds31073,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and Madden, R.H. and Carlini, A.A. and Bellosi, E.S. and Heizler, M. and Re, G. and Vilas, F. and y Vucetich, M.G.},
Title = {Puesto Almendra – Colhue-Huapi Contact at Gran
Barranca},
Journal = {Ameghiniana - Suplemento, 2001-Resumenes},
Volume = {38},
Series = {Comunicaciones Asociacion Paleontologica Argentina
(Diamente, Entre Rios)},
Number = {4},
Pages = {35R},
Year = {2001},
Month = {November},
Key = {fds31073}
}
@article{fds31070,
Author = {Van Dam and J.A., P. Andrews and C. Badgley and J. Damuth and M.
Fortelius, E.A. Hadly and S. Hixson and C. Janis and R.H. Madden and K.
Reed, F.A. Smith and J. Theodor and B. Van Valkenburgh and L.
Werdelin},
Title = {Within-habitat mammal diversity and productivity and their
recent patterns across latitude},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {21},
Series = {(3, Abstracts):},
Number = {3},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds31070}
}
@article{fds31069,
Author = {Zucol, A.F. and M.M. Mazzoni and R.H. Madden},
Title = {Análisis fitolíticos de la secuencia sedimentaria de Gran
Barranca, Chubut},
Series = {Resumenes de la Reunión de la Asociación Geológica
Argentina (Salta)},
Year = {1999},
Month = {October},
Key = {fds31069}
}
@article{fds31068,
Author = {Madden, R.H.},
Title = {On the causes of hypsodonty in South American
mammals},
Series = {Programa y Resumenes, Congreso Internacional Evolución
Neotropical del Cenozoico (Academia Nacional de Ciencias and
Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, La Paz,
Bolivia)},
Pages = {29},
Year = {1999},
Month = {May},
Key = {fds31068}
}
@article{fds31067,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and R.H. Madden and M. Mazzoni and M.G. Vucetich and G. Re and M.
Heizler and H. Sandeman},
Title = {The oldest Argentine Primates: First Age Determinations for
the Colhuehuapian South American Land Mammal
Age},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Supplement
28},
Series = {68th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical
Anthropology (Columbus, Ohio),},
Pages = {166},
Year = {1999},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds31067}
}
@article{fds31039,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and R.H. Madden and M. G. Vucetich and A.A. Carlini and M.M.
Mazzoni, G.H. Re and M. Heizler and H. Sandeman},
Title = {Revised geochronology of the Casamayoran South American Land
Mammal Age: Climatic and biotic implications},
Volume = {96},
Series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
(USA)},
Number = {3},
Pages = {13235-13240},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds31039}
}
@article{fds31066,
Author = {Heizler, M. and R. F. Kay and R. H. Madden and M. M. Mazzoni and G. H.
Re and H. Sandeman and M. G and Vucetich},
Title = {Geochronologic Age of the Casamayoran Fauna at Gran
Barranca, Chubut Province, Argentina},
Series = {Resumenes del VII Congreso Argentino de Paleontologia y
Bioestratigrafia (Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahia
Blanca, Argentina)},
Pages = {89},
Year = {1998},
Month = {October},
Key = {fds31066}
}
@article{fds31065,
Author = {Damuth, J. and et al.},
Title = {Habitat and climate inference from the structure of mammal
communities},
Series = {National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa
Barbara, CA.},
Year = {1998},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/fmt/doc?/nceas-web/results/projects/98DAMUT1},
Key = {fds31065}
}
@article{fds31038,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and B.J. MacFadden and R.H. Madden and H. Sandeman and F.
Anaya},
Title = {Revised age of the Salla beds, Bolivia, and its bearing on
the age of the Deseadan South American Land Mammal
“Age”},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {18},
Number = {1},
Pages = {189-199},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds31038}
}
@article{fds31063,
Author = {Madden, R.H.},
Title = {Mammalian ecology at geological timescales: Patterns of
species richness along environmental gradients in the
American tropics as tools for studying Andean uplift through
the Neogene},
Series = {Abstracts, Seventh International Theriological Congress
(Acapulco)},
Pages = {229},
Year = {1997},
Month = {September},
Key = {fds31063}
}
@article{fds31036,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and R.H. Madden},
Title = {Mammals and rainfall: paleoecology of the middle Miocene at
La Venta (Colombia, South America)},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {32},
Pages = {161-199},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds31036}
}
@article{fds31037,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and R.H. Madden and C. Van Shaik and D.
Higdon},
Title = {Primate species richness is determined by plant
productivity: Implications for Conservation},
Volume = {94},
Series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
(USA)},
Pages = {13023-13027},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds31037}
}
@article{fds31061,
Author = {Madden, R.H.},
Title = {Mammalian ecology at geological timescales: Patterns of
species richness on environmental gradients in the tropics
as tools for studying climate change in the
Neogene},
Series = {Abstracts 15th Brazilian Paleontological Congress (Sao
Paulo)},
Pages = {115},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds31061}
}
@article{fds31064,
Author = {Bond, M. and M. Reguero and G. López and A.A. Carlini and F. Goin and R.H.
Madden, M.G. Vucetich and R.F. Kay},
Title = {The “Astraponoteen plus Superieur” (Paleogene) in
Patagonia},
Journal = {Ameghiniana},
Volume = {34},
Number = {4},
Pages = {533},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds31064}
}
@article{fds31062,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and R.H. Madden and M.M. Mazzoni and G.H.
Ré},
Title = {Calibraciones de edades mamifero en la Gran Barranca del
Lago Colhue Huapi, Provincia del Chubut,
Argentina},
Series = {Resúmenes, Simposio “Paleogeno de América del Sur
(Buenos Aires)},
Pages = {14},
Year = {1996},
Month = {October},
Key = {fds31062}
}
@article{fds30990,
Author = {R.H. Madden},
Title = {Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics: The Miocene Fauna
of La Venta, Colombia},
Publisher = {Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington
D.C.},
Editor = {Kay, R.F. and R.H. Madden and R.L. Cifelli and J. Flynn},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds30990}
}
@article{fds30991,
Author = {Madden, R.H. and D.E. Savage and R.W. Fields},
Title = {History of Vertebrate Paleontology in the Magdalena Valley
of Colombia},
Series = {Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics: The Miocene Fauna
of La Venta, Colombia},
Pages = {3-11},
Publisher = {Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington
D.C.},
Editor = {Kay, R.F. and R.H. Madden and R.L. Cifelli and J. Flynn},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds30991}
}
@article{fds30992,
Author = {Madden, R.H.},
Title = {A new genus of Toxodontidae from the Miocene Honda Group of
Colombia},
Series = {Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics: The Miocene Fauna
of La Venta, Colombia},
Pages = {333-352},
Publisher = {Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington
D.C.},
Editor = {Kay, R.F. and R.H. Madden and R.L. Cifelli and J. Flynn},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds30992}
}
@article{fds30993,
Author = {Johnson, S.C. and R.H. Madden},
Title = {Miocene Astrapotheria from the Honda Group of Colombia; with
a review of the Uruguaytheriinae of tropical South
America},
Series = {Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics: The Miocene Fauna
of La Venta, Colombia},
Pages = {353-380},
Publisher = {Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington
D.C.},
Editor = {Kay, R.F. and R.H. Madden and R.L. Cifelli and J. Flynn},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds30993}
}
@article{fds30994,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and R.H. Madden},
Title = {An overview of the paleogeography and paleoecology of the La
Venta region (middle Miocene, Colombia, South
America)},
Series = {Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics: The Miocene Fauna
of La Venta, Colombia},
Pages = {518-548},
Publisher = {Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington
D.C.},
Editor = {Kay, R.F. and R.H. Madden and R.L. Cifelli and J. Flynn},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds30994}
}
@article{fds31058,
Author = {Madden, R.H.},
Title = {Mammals along rainfall and elevation gradients in tropical
South America: Tools for interpreting the influence of
Andean uplift and rainshadow in the Neogene
record},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {15},
Series = {Supplement to Number 3},
Pages = {43A},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds31058}
}
@article{fds31059,
Author = {Madden, R.H.},
Title = {Variation, phylogeny and adaptations of Miocochilius
(Interatheriidae, Notoungulata) from the Miocene of
Colombia},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {15},
Series = {Supplement to Number 3},
Pages = {43A},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds31059}
}
@article{fds31060,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and B.J. MacFadden and R.H. Madden and F. Anaya and E.
Farrar},
Title = {New radiometric dates confirm late Oligocene age of Deseadan
Salla beds, Bolivia and the oldest known South American
primate},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {15},
Series = {Supplement to Number 3},
Pages = {38A},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds31060}
}
@article{fds31055,
Author = {Madden, R.H.},
Title = {Variation, alpha taxonomy, phylogenetics and adaptations in
Miocochilius, middle Miocene Interatheriidae (Typotheria,
Notoungulata) from Colombia and Ecuador},
Series = {Resumenes del VI Argentine Congress of Paleontology and
Biostratigraphy (Trelew, Chubut, Argentina)},
Year = {1994},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds31055}
}
@article{fds31056,
Author = {Madden, R.H. and J. Guerrero and R.F. Kay and J.J. Flynn and C.C.
Swisher III and A.H. Walton},
Title = {The Laventan Stage and Laventan Age: New Chronostratigraphic
and geochronologic units for the Miocene of South
America},
Series = {Resumenes del VI Argentine Congress of Paleontology and
Biostratigraphy (Trelew, Chubut, Argentina)},
Year = {1994},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds31056}
}
@article{fds31057,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and R.H. Madden},
Title = {Paleoecology of an equatorial Miocene Neotropical vertebrate
assemblage},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {93},
Number = {120},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds31057}
}
@article{fds31050,
Author = {Vucetich, M.G. and R.H. Madden},
Title = {Consideraciones sobre la "Edad Friasense"},
Journal = {Ameghiniana},
Volume = {30},
Number = {1},
Pages = {114},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds31050}
}
@article{fds31051,
Author = {Madden, R.H. and R.F. Kay},
Title = {Aportes al conocimiento de la fauna de mamíferos del Grupo
Honda, Mioceno, Colombia},
Journal = {Ameghiniana},
Volume = {30},
Number = {1},
Pages = {108},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds31051}
}
@article{fds31052,
Author = {Madden, R.H. and G. Scillato-Yané and A. Carlini and S. Vizcaino and C.
Swisher and A.H. Walton},
Title = {Mamíferos continentales miocénicos del Sur del
Ecuador},
Journal = {Ameghiniana},
Volume = {30},
Number = {1},
Pages = {109},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds31052}
}
@article{fds31053,
Author = {Ortiz, E. and R.H. Madden and M.G. Vucetich and M. Bond and A. Carlini and F. Goin and G. Scillato-Yané and S. Vizcaíno},
Title = {Un analisis de similitud entre las faunas de la
"Edad-Mamifero Friasense"},
Journal = {Ameghiniana},
Volume = {30},
Number = {3},
Pages = {351-352},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds31053}
}
@article{fds31054,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and R.H. Madden and A.A. Carlini and R.L. Cifelli and M.M.
Mazzoni and C.C. Swisher},
Title = {Vertebrate paleontology in the Eocene and Oligocene of
Bolivia and the Deseadan of Patagonia},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {13},
Series = {Supplement to Number 3},
Pages = {44A},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds31054}
}
@article{fds31049,
Author = {Madden, R.H.},
Title = {Patrones de variación métrica y morfológica en algunos
Notoungulata y Astrapotheria},
Series = {Resumenes, IX Jornadas Argentinas de Paleontología de
Vertebrados (Trelew, Chubut)},
Year = {1992},
Month = {May},
Key = {fds31049}
}
@article{fds31046,
Author = {Madden R.H. and Kay, R.F. and Lundberg, J.G. and Scillato-Yané,
J.G.},
Title = {Vertebrate paleontology, stratigraphy and biochronology of
the Miocene of southern Ecuador},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {9},
Series = {Supplement to Number 3},
Pages = {31A},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds31046}
}
@article{fds31047,
Author = {Madden, R.H.},
Title = {Miocene Toxodontidae from South America},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {10},
Series = {Supplement to Number 3},
Number = {120},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds31047}
}
@article{fds31048,
Author = {Madden, R.H. and R.F. Kay and G. Vucetich and C. Swisher and M. Franchi and M. Mazzoni},
Title = {The Friasian of Patagonia},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {11},
Series = {Supplement to Number 3},
Number = {135},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds31048}
}
@article{fds30988,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and R.H. Madden and J. Guerrero},
Title = {Nuevos hallazgos de monos del Mioceno de
Colombia},
Volume = {25},
Series = {Ameghiniana (Revista de la Asociación Paleontologica
Argentina)},
Number = {3},
Pages = {203-212},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds30988}
}
@article{fds30989,
Author = {Madden, R.H. and L. Albuja},
Title = {Estado actual de Ateles fusciceps fusciceps en el
Noroccidente Ecuatoriano},
Volume = {14},
Series = {Politécnica, Biología 2, Revista Informativa
Técnico-Científico, Quito},
Number = {3},
Pages = {113-157},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds30989}
}
@article{fds31044,
Author = {Madden. R.H. and R.F. Kay and J. Guerrero},
Title = {New Stirtonia victoriae material from the Miocene of
Colombia},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {78},
Pages = {265},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds31044}
}
@article{fds31042,
Author = {Madden, R.H. and L. Albuja},
Title = {Conservation status of Ateles fusciceps fusciceps in
northwestern Ecuador},
Series = {XIIth Congress of the International Primatological Society
(Brasilia)},
Year = {1988},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds31042}
}
@article{fds31043,
Author = {Madden, R.H. and R.F. Kay},
Title = {New Stirtonia victoriae material from the Miocene of
Colombia},
Series = {XIIth Congress of the International Primatological Society
(Brasilia)},
Year = {1988},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds31043}
}
@article{fds31045,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and R.H. Madden and J.G. Lundberg and R.L. Cifelli and J.
Guerrero},
Title = {Informe general de nuevos descubrimientos de vertebrados
fosiles en el Mioceno de Colombia, Chile y
Ecuador},
Series = {Resumenes V Jornadas Argentinas de Paleontologia de
Vertebrados (La Plata)},
Pages = {48-49},
Year = {1988},
Month = {May},
Key = {fds31045}
}
@article{fds30987,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and R.H. Madden and J.M. Plavcan and R.L. Cifelli and J.
Guerrero},
Title = {Stirtonia victoriae, a new species of Miocene Colombian
primate},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {16},
Pages = {173-196},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds30987}
}
@article{fds30986,
Author = {Luchterhand, K. and R.F. Kay and R.H. Madden},
Title = {Mohanamico hershkovitzi, gen. et sp. nov., un primate du
Miocene moyen d'Amerique du Sud},
Volume = {303},
Series = {Compte Rendus Academie des Sciences, Paris},
Number = {19},
Pages = {1753-1758},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds30986}
}
@article{fds31041,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and R.H. Madden and R.L. Cifelli and J.
Guerrero},
Title = {A new specimen of Miocene Colombia Stirtonia},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {69},
Pages = {221},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds31041}
}
@article{fds30985,
Author = {Madden, R.H. and C.R. Madden and K.S. Alford-Madden},
Title = {Packing with Animals in the Andes},
Journal = {South American Explorer},
Volume = {6},
Pages = {13-19},
Year = {1980},
Key = {fds30985}
}
%% Major, Nancy M
@article{fds133621,
Author = {GA Toomayan and F Robertson and NM Major and BE Brigman},
Title = {Upper extremity compartmental anatomy: clinical relevance to
radiologists.},
Journal = {Skeletal radiology, Germany},
Volume = {35},
Number = {4},
Pages = {195-201},
Year = {2006},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0364-2348},
Keywords = {Bone Neoplasms Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Soft Tissue
Neoplasms Upper Extremity anatomy & histology pathology
radiography radiography* surgery},
Abstract = {Malignant tumors of the upper extremity are uncommon, and
their care should be referred to specialized facilities with
experience treating these lesions. The Musculoskeletal Tumor
Society (MSTS) staging system is used by the surgeon to
determine appropriate surgical management, assess prognosis,
and communicate with other healthcare providers. Magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) is employed pre-operatively to
identify a lesion's compartment of origin, determine extent
of spread, and plan biopsy and resection approaches.
Involvement of neurovascular structures may result in
devastating loss of upper extremity function, requiring
amputation. Violation of high-resistance compartmental
barriers necessitates more extensive surgical resection.
Biopsy may be performed by the radiologist using imaging
guidance. Knowledge of compartmental anatomy allows the
radiologist or surgeon to use an easily excisable biopsy
approach and prevent iatrogenic spread to unaffected
compartments. Case examples are presented to illustrate the
importance of compartmental anatomy in the management of
benign and malignant upper extremity tumors.},
Key = {fds133621}
}
@article{fds133622,
Author = {TP Sundberg and GA Toomayan and NM Major},
Title = {Evaluation of the acetabular labrum at 3.0-T MR imaging
compared with 1.5-T MR arthrography: preliminary
experience.},
Journal = {Radiology, United States},
Volume = {238},
Number = {2},
Pages = {706-11},
Year = {2006},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0033-8419},
Keywords = {Acetabulum Adult Arthralgia Arthrography Female Hip Joint
Humans Joint Diseases Magnetic Resonance Imaging* Male
Prospective Studies etiology methods methods* pathology
pathology*},
Abstract = {Institutional review board approval and informed consent
were obtained for this HIPAA-compliant study. The purpose of
this study was to prospectively compare imaging of the
acetabular labrum with 3.0-T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging
and 1.5-T MR arthrography. Eight patients (four male, four
female; mean age, 38 years) with hip pain suspicious for
labral disease were examined at both MR arthrography and MR
imaging. Presence of labral lesions, paralabral cysts,
articular cartilage lesions, subchondral cysts, osteophytes,
and synovial herniation pits was recorded. There was
arthroscopic correlation of findings in five patients. MR
imaging depicted four surgically confirmed labral tears that
were identified at MR arthrography, as well as one that was
not visualized at MR arthrography. MR imaging helped
identify all other pathologic conditions that were diagnosed
at MR arthrography and helped identify one additional
surgically confirmed focal articular cartilage lesion. These
results provide encouraging support for evaluation with
3.0-T MR imaging over 1.5-T MR arthrography.},
Key = {fds133622}
}
@article{fds133625,
Author = {GA Toomayan and WR Holman and NM Major and SM Kozlowicz and TP
Vail},
Title = {Sensitivity of MR arthrography in the evaluation of
acetabular labral tears.},
Journal = {AJR. American journal of roentgenology, United
States},
Volume = {186},
Number = {2},
Pages = {449-53},
Year = {2006},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0361-803X},
Keywords = {Acetabulum Adolescent Adult Arthroscopy Cartilage, Articular
Chi-Square Distribution Contrast Media Female Gadolinium
DTPA Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies Sensitivity and Specificity diagnostic
use injuries* methods*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: MRI has historically provided suboptimal
visualization of tears of the acetabular labrum.
Degenerative fraying and underlying cartilage abnormalities
can often mimic tears of the labrum on conventional MRI.
Administration of intraarticular gadolinium enhances the MRI
appearance of the labrum to improve detection of labral
abnormalities. This study examined the improved diagnostic
sensitivity of MR arthrography compared with conventional
MRI and the importance of confining the study to a small
field of view. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-one hips were
imaged in 48 patients. Fourteen hips underwent conventional
MRI with a large field of view (30-38 cm). Seven hips
underwent conventional MRI with a small field of view (14-20
cm). Thirty hips underwent MR arthrography with a small
field of view (14-20 cm). Labral tears were diagnosed when
contrast material was identified within the labrum or
between the labrum and the acetabulum, when a displaced
fragment was noted, or when a paralabral cyst was
identified. All study results were compared with findings at
the time of hip arthroscopy. RESULTS: Conventional MRI with
a large field of view was 8% sensitive in detecting labral
tears compared with findings at the time of arthroscopy.
Diagnostic sensitivity was improved to 25% with a small
field of view. MR arthrography with a small field of view
was 92% sensitive in detecting labral tears. CONCLUSION: A
combination of MR arthrography and a small field of view is
more sensitive in detecting labral abnormalities than is
conventional MRI with either a large or a small field of
view.},
Key = {fds133625}
}
@article{fds133629,
Author = {EL Giaroli and NM Major and DE Lemley and J Lee},
Title = {Coracohumeral interval imaging in subcoracoid impingement
syndrome on MRI.},
Journal = {AJR. American journal of roentgenology, United
States},
Volume = {186},
Number = {1},
Pages = {242-6},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0361-803X},
Keywords = {Adolescent Adult Female Humans Humerus Magnetic Resonance
Imaging* Male Middle Aged ROC Curve Retrospective Studies
Scapula Sensitivity and Specificity Sex Factors Shoulder
Impingement Syndrome Shoulder Joint anatomy & histology
anatomy & histology* diagnosis*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The coracohumeral interval previously has been
described as predictive of subcoracoid impingement on
dynamic screening. The purpose of this study was to
determine whether a coracohumeral interval acquired from
routinely performed MRI can reliably diagnose subcoracoid
impingement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preoperative MRI
examinations of 19 patients (16 males, three females) with
subsequent surgical confirmation of subcoracoid impingement
were reviewed retrospectively and compared with MRI studies
of 41 control subjects (22 males, 19 females). Axial and
oblique sagittal coracohumeral interval measurements were
taken. The morphology of the coracoid process and lesser
tuberosity was assessed. Postanalysis application of the
data to two smaller groups of patients was performed. The
first group consisted of nine subjects (three males, six
females) for whom subcoracoid impingement was diagnosed
prospectively on the basis of abnormalities found by MRI.
The second group consisted of seven patients (two males,
five females) who were referred for MRI evaluation because
of clinically suspected subcoracoid impingement. RESULTS:
The average coracohumeral interval for females was 3 mm
smaller than that for males. Using sex-adjusted data, we
found a statistically significant difference between
individuals with or without subcoracoid impingement in the
axial coracohumeral interval (p = 0.01). This value,
however, was poorly predictive (area under the receiver
operating characteristic curve, 0.73). An 11.5-mm axial
coracohumeral interval had 84% sensitivity but only 44%
specificity. A 10.5-mm axial coracohumeral interval had 79%
sensitivity and 59% specificity. The shoulder morphologic
features assessed and intraarticular contrast use were not
statistically significantly related to the coracohumeral
interval. In postanalysis application of data, in the group
of nine subjects without clinical diagnosis of subcoracoid
impingement, all prospective MRI subcoracoid impingement
diagnoses were falsely positive. However, if subcoracoid
impingement was the referring diagnosis, prospective MRI
evaluation more often was correct (n = 7 [three
true-negatives, two true-positives, two false-negatives]).
CONCLUSION: A sex-adjusted coracohumeral interval of
10.5-11.5 mm, although statistically significantly related
to subcoracoid impingement, is poorly predictive of this
diagnosis when acquired via routinely performed MRI.
Subcoracoid impingement is primarily a clinical diagnosis
that may be supported, but not established, by this
means.},
Key = {fds133629}
}
@article{fds133630,
Author = {NM Major},
Title = {Role of MRI in prevention of metatarsal stress fractures in
collegiate basketball players.},
Journal = {AJR. American journal of roentgenology, United
States},
Volume = {186},
Number = {1},
Pages = {255-8},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0361-803X},
Keywords = {Adolescent Adult Basketball Bone Marrow Diseases Edema
Fractures, Stress Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male
Metatarsal Bones diagnosis* injuries* methods* prevention &
control*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Metatarsal stress fractures are common and
represent debilitating and potentially season-ending
injuries for basketball players. Bone marrow edema is
readily visualized on MRI and can be a sign of stress
changes. Twenty-six asymptomatic male National Collegiate
Athletic Association basketball players were imaged before
the 2003-2004 season and 14 players were reimaged after the
conclusion of the season with a screening study of long- and
short-axis fat-suppressed T2-weighted images (TR/effective
TE, 3,500/56) to identify bone marrow edema in the
metatarsals. CONCLUSION: Six (12%) of 52 feet showed a
signal indicating bone marrow edema in the metatarsals. MRI
depicts bone marrow edema in the feet before a fracture
becomes evident. Identification of this edema may reveal
stress changes, allowing early treatment and prevention of
debilitating stress fractures.},
Key = {fds133630}
}
@article{fds133623,
Author = {EL Giaroli and NM Major and LD Higgins},
Title = {MRI of internal impingement of the shoulder.},
Journal = {AJR. American journal of roentgenology, United
States},
Volume = {185},
Number = {4},
Pages = {925-9},
Year = {2005},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0361-803X},
Keywords = {Adolescent Adult Arthroscopy Athletic Injuries Female Humans
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Prospective Studies
Retrospective Studies Shoulder Impingement Syndrome methods*
pathology*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Internal impingement is a condition that occurs
in athletes in which the shoulder is put in extreme
abduction and external rotation during overhead movements.
During this motion, the posterior fibers of the
supraspinatus tendon, anterior fibers of the infraspinatus
tendon, or both can get impinged between the humeral head
and the posterior glenoid. The purpose of this study was to
evaluate the ability of MRI to show the findings of internal
impingement of the shoulder. CONCLUSION: As opposed to our
six patients with clinically and surgically diagnosed
internal impingement, the control patients had isolated
pathology in the rotator cuff, labrum, or humeral head. We
found that the constellation of findings of undersurface
tears of the supraspinatus or infraspinatus tendon and
cystic changes in the posterior aspect of the humeral head
associated with posterosuperior labral pathology is a
consistent finding diagnostic of internal
impingement.},
Key = {fds133623}
}
@article{fds133626,
Author = {GB Blackmon and NM Major and CA Helms},
Title = {Comparison of fast spin-echo versus conventional spin-echo
MRI for evaluating meniscal tears.},
Journal = {AJR. American journal of roentgenology, United
States},
Volume = {184},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1740-3},
Year = {2005},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0361-803X},
Keywords = {Adult Case-Control Studies Female Humans Magnetic Resonance
Imaging Male Menisci, Tibial Sensitivity and Specificity
injuries* methods*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We compare sensitivities of conventional
spin-echo and fast spin-echo sequences in the evaluation of
meniscal tears. Furthermore, we reevaluate the results from
prior studies comparing these two sequences to understand
why there are differing conclusions regarding the efficacy
of fast spin-echo sequences as a commensurate replacement
for conventional spin-echo sequences. MATERIALS AND METHODS:
We used records from a control group of 64 patients (128
menisci) who had undergone arthroscopy to determine the
sensitivity of conventional spin-echo sequences for
detecting meniscal tears. Two hundred sixteen consecutive
patients (432 menisci) were then imaged using conventional
spin-echo and fast spin-echo sequences to evaluate for
meniscal tears. Both sequences were proton density-weighted
with fat suppression. RESULTS: Of the 432 menisci, 170 tears
were detected on conventional spin-echo imaging. Only 128
tears were detected on the fast spin-echo sequence. The
sensitivities of conventional spin-echo and fast spin-echo
imaging were found to be 93% and 80%, respectively. In
addition, findings from conventional spin-echo and fast
spin-echo sequences were discordant for 72 menisci (17%, p <
0.01). CONCLUSION: The sensitivities of conventional
spin-echo and fast spin-echo imaging for detecting meniscal
tears have been shown to be greater than 90% and
approximately 80%, respectively. However, some authors
advocate substituting conventional spin-echo imaging with
fast spin-echo imaging. We urge the abandonment of fast
spin-echo imaging for evaluating meniscal tears because a
loss of greater than 10% in sensitivity is
unacceptable.},
Key = {fds133626}
}
@article{fds133628,
Author = {GA Toomayan and F Robertson and NM Major},
Title = {Lower extremity compartmental anatomy: clinical relevance to
radiologists.},
Journal = {Skeletal radiology, Germany},
Volume = {34},
Number = {6},
Pages = {307-13},
Year = {2005},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0364-2348},
Keywords = {Adult Aged Biopsy Bone Neoplasms Female Humans Lower
Extremity Male Middle Aged Muscle Neoplasms Musculoskeletal
Diseases Neoplasm Seeding Neoplasm Staging Tomography, X-Ray
Computed anatomy & histology* diagnosis* methods pathology
radiography*},
Abstract = {A thorough understanding of compartmental anatomy is
necessary for the radiologist participating in the care of a
patient with a lower extremity musculoskeletal malignancy.
Localization of tumor to compartment of origin and
identification of extracompartmental spread preoperatively
are needed to correctly stage a tumor and determine the
appropriate surgical management. An understanding of the
locations of fascial boundaries, extracompartmental tissues,
and neurovascular structures of the thigh and lower leg
facilitates this diagnostic process. For the radiologist
planning to biopsy a suspicious musculoskeletal lesion,
consultation with the referring orthopaedic surgeon is
recommended in order to jointly select an appropriate
percutaneous biopsy approach. Adequate preprocedural
planning ensures selection of an approach which prevents
iatrogenic tumor spread beyond the compartment of origin,
protects neurovascular structures, and allows complete
resection of the biopsy tract and scar at the time of
surgical resection without jeopardizing a potential
limb-sparing procedure. Cross-sectional anatomic review and
case examples demonstrate the importance of a detailed
understanding of compartmental anatomy when approaching the
patient with a lower extremity musculoskeletal
tumor.},
Key = {fds133628}
}
@article{fds133620,
Author = {KR Lindauer and NM Major and DP Rougier-Chapman and CA
Helms},
Title = {MR imaging appearance of 180-360 degrees labral tears of the
shoulder.},
Journal = {Skeletal radiology, Germany},
Volume = {34},
Number = {2},
Pages = {74-9},
Year = {2005},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0364-2348},
Keywords = {Adolescent Adult Arthroscopy Female Humans Magnetic
Resonance Imaging* Male Middle Aged Retrospective Studies
Shoulder Treatment Outcome injuries* radiography*
surgery},
Abstract = {Glenoid labral tears exceeding 180 degrees are an uncommon
entity in which characteristic clinical and MR imaging
features can lead to a more accurate preoperative diagnosis.
We provide a description of glenoid labral tears that exceed
180 degrees, and their characteristic magnetic resonance
imaging features. In the young, heavily muscled male
athlete, the identification of multiple sites of labral
pathology and isolated, extensive posterior labral injuries
are features that should raise suspicion for labral tears
that exceed 180 degrees.},
Key = {fds133620}
}
@article{fds133618,
Author = {RS Bikkina and CA Tujo and AB Schraner and NM Major},
Title = {The "floating" meniscus: MRI in knee trauma and implications
for surgery.},
Journal = {AJR. American journal of roentgenology, United
States},
Volume = {184},
Number = {1},
Pages = {200-4},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0361-803X},
Keywords = {Adolescent Adult Female Humans Knee Injuries Magnetic
Resonance Imaging* Male Menisci, Tibial Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies diagnosis* injuries*
surgery},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We describe 21 cases involving meniscal injury in
which the meniscus appears free-floating on MRI of the knee.
In these cases, the meniscus is completely surrounded by
fluid. Correlation with surgical reports shows that the
"floating" meniscus corresponds to a meniscal avulsion or
detachment from the tibial plateau with an associated
disruption of the meniscotibial coronary ligaments, which
attach the meniscus to the tibia, allowing fluid to
encompass the meniscus. A floating meniscus on MRI may
represent a new specific finding for an uncommon form of
meniscal injury known as meniscal avulsion. CONCLUSION: The
presence of a floating meniscus on MRI is a result of
significant trauma to the knee leading to meniscal avulsion
and is often associated with significant ligamentous injury.
Alerting the surgeon to the presence of a meniscal avulsion
facilitates appropriate surgical planning with meniscal
reattachment to the tibial plateau.},
Key = {fds133618}
}
@article{fds133624,
Author = {SM Jackson and NM Major},
Title = {Pathologic conditions mimicking osteonecrosis.},
Journal = {The Orthopedic clinics of North America, United
States},
Volume = {35},
Number = {3},
Pages = {315-20, ix},
Year = {2004},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0030-5898},
Keywords = {Bone Cysts Diagnosis, Differential Female Femur Head
Necrosis Hip Joint Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male
Osteoarthritis, Hip Osteoporosis Risk Assessment diagnosis
pathology*},
Abstract = {MRI has become increasingly helpful in establishing an early
diagnosis of avascular necrosis(AVN). AVN often demonstrates
a classic pattern on MRI; findings earlier in the course of
the disease are less specific. Many pitfalls can complicate
interpretation, and a number of pathologic conditions can
share features of early AVN on MRI and plain
radiographs.These entities should be distinguished from AVN,
because treatment and prognosis may differ
significantly.},
Key = {fds133624}
}
@article{fds133619,
Author = {CJ Barnes and LD Higgins and NM Major and CJ Basamania},
Title = {Magnetic resonance imaging of the coracoclavicular
ligaments: its role in defining pathoanatomy at the
acromioclavicular joint.},
Journal = {Journal of surgical orthopaedic advances, United
States},
Volume = {13},
Number = {2},
Pages = {69-75},
Year = {2004},
ISSN = {1548-825X},
Keywords = {Acromioclavicular Joint Adult Humans Joint Instability
Ligaments, Articular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Wounds
and Injuries classification pathology* radiography},
Abstract = {Four patients with acromioclavicular joint injuries (one
type II, two type III, one type V), two patients without
acromioclavicular joint injury, and a fresh-frozen cadaver
underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and plain
radiographs. The normal conoid and trapezoid ligaments were
easily identified in the cadaver and the two uninjured
patients. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed disruption of
both coraclavicular ligaments in the three patients with
type II and type III injuries. However, the patient with the
type V injury had disruption of the trapezoid ligament
alone. Thus, the grade of injury, as determined by the
change in the coracoclavicular interval onplain radiography
and defined by the Rockwood classification system, failed to
correlate with the pathoanatomy seen on MRI in two of the
four injured patients. These findings suggest that
improvements in the classification of these injuries may be
necessary.},
Key = {fds133619}
}
@article{fds133603,
Author = {DG Trembath and R Dash and NM Major and LG Dodd},
Title = {Cytopathology of mesenchymal chondrosarcomas: a report and
comparison of four patients.},
Journal = {Cancer, United States},
Volume = {99},
Number = {4},
Pages = {211-6},
Year = {2003},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0008-543X},
Keywords = {Adolescent Adult Biopsy, Needle Bone Neoplasms
Chondrosarcoma, Mesenchymal Female Humans Male Middle Aged
Neoplasm Metastasis Prognosis pathology*
secondary*},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MC) is an infrequent
neoplasm, representing approximately 1% of all
chondrosarcomas. Cytologic descriptions of MCs have been
confined to rare case reports. In the current report, the
authors describe their experience with the cytologic
features of four MCs: two primary tumors and two metastatic
lesions. METHODS: Four patients were diagnosed with MC at
the authors' institution from 1994 to 2002. Three of four
patients underwent fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy as
part of their diagnosis; in the fourth patient, imprint
cytology was performed. Each tumor also received histologic
confirmation. RESULTS: The patients studied included three
females and one male. In three patients, the tumor presented
initially as a soft tissue mass; whereas, in the remaining
patient, the MC presented in the tibia. FNA results
demonstrated small, oval-to-spindled cells with high
nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratios. Cells occurred singly and in
clumps in a background of basophilic extracellular matrix.
Histologic examination of each lesion demonstrated biphasic
tumors, including focal areas of relatively mature cartilage
formation as well as a small cell population. CONCLUSIONS:
MC is a rare soft tissue tumor that occurs frequently in
extraskeletal locations. FNA of these tumors can be
diagnostic if the tumor is sampled appropriately and of
critical features, such as the background extracellular
matrix, are recognized. Given the propensity of these tumors
to metastasize and the poor prognosis of patients with MC,
early identification by FNA biopsy may allow earlier, more
aggressive interventions.},
Key = {fds133603}
}
@article{fds133588,
Author = {EN Vinson and NM Major},
Title = {MR imaging of ankylosing spondylitis.},
Journal = {Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology, United
States},
Volume = {7},
Number = {2},
Pages = {103-13},
Year = {2003},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1089-7860},
Keywords = {Bone and Bones Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging*
Spondylitis, Ankylosing diagnosis* pathology
physiopathology},
Abstract = {Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is one of a group of disorders
characterized by association with HLA-B27 histocompatibility
complex, seronegativity for rheumatoid factor, and
propensity for inflammation at entheses, synovial
articulations, and cartilaginous articulations. The
radiographic hallmark of the disease is ankylosis, and the
principle sites of involvement are the sacroiliac joints and
spine, with less frequent involvement of other joints,
including the pubic symphysis, hips, shoulders, knees,
hands, feet, and sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular,
sternomanubrial, and temporomandibular joints. Following a
brief discussion of the basic pathophysiology and typical
clinical findings of AS, we describe the typical magnetic
resonance imaging features of the disease as it is manifests
in the axial skeleton. Finally, a brief mention of special
considerations in the radiographic evaluation of the AS
patient in the setting of trauma is made.},
Key = {fds133588}
}
@article{fds133608,
Author = {RL Cothran and PM McGuire and CA Helms and NM Major and DE
Attarian},
Title = {MR imaging of infrapatellar plica injury.},
Journal = {AJR. American journal of roentgenology, United
States},
Volume = {180},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1443-7},
Year = {2003},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0361-803X},
Keywords = {Adolescent Adult Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging*
Male Patella* Retrospective Studies Synovial Membrane
injuries* pathology*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Injury to the infrapatellar plica (ligamentum
mucosum) has not been previously described in the radiology
literature to our knowledge. This article shows the MR
imaging appearance of injury to the infrapatellar plica.
CONCLUSION: Injury to the infrapatellar plica is uncommon
but should be considered as a potential source of knee pain,
especially if no other evidence indicates internal
derangement. MR imaging can reveal a typical appearance for
infrapatellar plica injury.},
Key = {fds133608}
}
@article{fds133609,
Author = {NM Major and MC Banks},
Title = {MR imaging of complications of loose surgical tacks in the
shoulder.},
Journal = {AJR. American journal of roentgenology, United
States},
Volume = {180},
Number = {2},
Pages = {377-80},
Year = {2003},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0361-803X},
Keywords = {Adolescent Adult Arthroscopy Diagnosis, Differential Foreign
Bodies Humans Ligaments, Articular Magnetic Resonance
Imaging* Male Middle Aged Polyglycolic Acid Postoperative
Complications Shoulder Joint* Shoulder Pain Surgical
Instruments* Synovitis complications diagnosis diagnosis*
etiology pathology surgery},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Loose surgical tacks in the shoulder joint are a
potential cause of new-onset shoulder pain after
arthroscopic repair of an anterior-to-posterior lesion of
the superior labrum. We report the MR imaging appearance of
loose surgical tacks in this anatomic location. CONCLUSION:
MR imaging is valuable in the evaluation of postoperative
shoulder pain. Synovitis is a commonly considered clinical
diagnosis; our report illustrates that loose tacks are
another potential complication after shoulder
surgery},
Key = {fds133609}
}
@article{fds133594,
Author = {NM Major and LN Beard and CA Helms},
Title = {Accuracy of MR imaging of the knee in adolescents.},
Journal = {AJR. American journal of roentgenology, United
States},
Volume = {180},
Number = {1},
Pages = {17-9},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0361-803X},
Keywords = {Adolescent Anterior Cruciate Ligament Child Female Humans
Knee Injuries Knee Joint Magnetic Resonance Imaging* Male
Menisci, Tibial Posterior Cruciate Ligament Retrospective
Studies Sensitivity and Specificity diagnosis* injuries
pathology pathology*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: A report in the orthopedics literature states
that MR imaging for internal derangement of the knee has a
lower accuracy in adolescents than in adults and may even
provide spurious information that alters clinical
management. This assertion has not been specifically
addressed in the radiology literature. The purpose of our
study was to determine the accuracy of MR imaging in
adolescents with regard to injury of the cruciate ligaments
and menisci. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A database search of our
institution's records from January 1998 to July 2000 yielded
2140 MR examinations of the knee, all of which had been
performed with a standard knee protocol on a 1.5-T magnet.
Of these 2140 examinations, 156 included patients younger
than 18 years. Fifty-nine of these patients underwent
surgery, and the orthopedic surgeons' operative reports were
used as the gold standard with which the MR imaging results
were compared. Thirty-four boys and 25 girls who ranged in
age from 11 to 17 years (mean age, 15 years) were examined.
The clinical notes for the remaining 97 patients were
evaluated for information about management and clinical
improvement. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity values
for MR imaging of the menisci and cruciate ligaments in
adolescents were as follows: medial meniscus, 92%
sensitivity and 87% specificity; lateral meniscus, 93%
sensitivity and 95% specificity; anterior cruciate ligament,
100% sensitivity and 100% specificity; and posterior
cruciate ligament, 0% sensitivity and 100% specificity.
CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that MR imaging of the knee in
adolescents is sensitive, specific, and accurate.},
Key = {fds133594}
}
@article{fds133610,
Author = {NM Major and CA Helms},
Title = {MR imaging of the knee: findings in asymptomatic collegiate
basketball players.},
Journal = {AJR. American journal of roentgenology, United
States},
Volume = {179},
Number = {3},
Pages = {641-4},
Year = {2002},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0361-803X},
Keywords = {Adult Basketball Data Collection Female Humans Knee Injuries
Knee Joint Ligaments, Articular Magnetic Resonance Imaging*
Male Tendon Injuries Tendons abnormalities abnormalities*
injuries injuries* pathology pathology*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the
knees of asymptomatic high-level collegiate basketball
players before the beginning of the basketball season to
gain an understanding of nonclinical findings in this
patient population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Bilateral knee MR
imaging examinations of 17 varsity basketball players (12
men and five women) were performed before basketball season
began. All of the subjects were imaged on a 1.5-T magnet.
The MR imaging studies were reviewed by two musculoskeletal
radiologists. Structures analyzed were the menisci,
ligaments, cartilage, plicae, and bone marrow. The presence
of a joint effusion was also noted. RESULTS: Fourteen (41%)
of the 34 knees had bone marrow edema, eight (24%) showed
signal in the patellar tendon, and 14 (41%) had abnormal
cartilage signal or a focal abnormality. Twelve (35%) of the
34 knees showed a joint effusion. Two knees (6%) showed
abnormal signal along the infrapatellar plica. Four knees
(12%) were noted to have a discoid meniscus. CONCLUSION: An
MR examination of the knees of high-level collegiate
basketball players may show changes unique to this
population. The changes seen on MR imaging in these athletes
may be asymptomatic abnormalities. For instance, changes
suggestive of patellar tendinopathy were identified in these
asymptomatic subjects.},
Key = {fds133610}
}
@article{fds133595,
Author = {LG Dodd and NM Major},
Title = {Fine-needle aspiration cytology of articular and
periarticular lesions.},
Journal = {Cancer, United States},
Volume = {96},
Number = {3},
Pages = {157-65},
Year = {2002},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0008-543X},
Keywords = {Arthritis, Rheumatoid Biopsy, Needle Chondromatosis,
Synovial Chondrosarcoma Ganglia Gout Humans Joints Sarcoma
Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular pathology
pathology*},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The cytologic diagnosis of joint and articular
surface-based lesions traditionally has been accomplished by
examination of fluids or effusions. Although exfoliative
cytology remains an accurate diagnostic test, not all
joint-based lesions will produce effusions that are amenable
to this type of examination. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA)
represents an excellent alternative to traditional cytologic
or histologic methods of diagnosis in joint
pathology.METHODS: The authors reviewed FNA materials for
the period 1992-2001 from lesions of joint spaces and
periarticular soft tissues. All diagnoses based on cytologic
materials that were included in this study were confirmed
with histologic follow-up. Cytologic and histologic
materials were prepared using standard methods.RESULTS: The
authors found six relatively common lesions that were
amenable to diagnosis by FNA. These included rheumatoid
nodule, gouty tophi, ganglion cysts, pigmented villonodular
synovitis, synovial chondromatosis, and synovial sarcoma.
There are potential pitfalls in discriminating gout from
pseudogout and synovial chondromatosis from
chondrosarcoma.CONCLUSIONS: In most instances,
mass-producing lesions of the joint space or the
periarticular soft tissues can be diagnosed successfully by
FNA. The common lesions are easily recognizable and are
cytologically distinctive.},
Key = {fds133595}
}
@article{fds133605,
Author = {CJ Weaver and NM Major and WE Garrett and JE Urbaniak},
Title = {Femoral head osteochondral lesions in painful hips of
athletes: MR imaging findings.},
Journal = {AJR. American journal of roentgenology, United
States},
Volume = {178},
Number = {4},
Pages = {973-7},
Year = {2002},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0361-803X},
Keywords = {Adolescent Adult Athletic Injuries Bone Marrow Cartilage,
Articular Cumulative Trauma Disorders Female Femur Head Hip
Injuries Hip Joint Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging* Male
Osteochondritis Pain Retrospective Studies diagnosis
diagnosis* etiology pathology pathology*
radiography},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study describes the MR imaging findings of
focal osteochondral lesions found in the hips of 11 athletes
with persistent pain and normal findings on radiographs.
CONCLUSION: Osteochondral lesions of the femoral head are
seen on MR imaging as focal, medial areas of high
T2-weighted and low T1-weighted signals and should be
considered as a possible cause of persistent hip or groin
pain in young, high-level athletes because the institution
of appropriate treatment may help to prevent late
degenerative sequelae.},
Key = {fds133605}
}
@article{fds133596,
Author = {NM Major and ST Crawford},
Title = {Elbow effusions in trauma in adults and children: is there
an occult fracture?},
Journal = {AJR. American journal of roentgenology, United
States},
Volume = {178},
Number = {2},
Pages = {413-8},
Year = {2002},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0361-803X},
Keywords = {Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Body Fluids* Child
Child, Preschool Elbow Joint Female Fractures, Closed Humans
Joint Diseases Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged
Prospective Studies complications* etiology injuries*
pathology},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether
a detectable abnormality was present on MR imaging without a
visible fracture on conventional radiography in the setting
of trauma. A recent retrospective study based on the
presence or absence of periosteal reaction on follow-up
radiographs concluded that fractures were not always
present. The discrepancies in the literature over the
usefulness of joint effusions as an indicator of fracture
caused us to evaluate whether fractures were present more
often than identified by conventional radiography. To do
this, we used MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen
consecutive patients (age range, 4-80 years; seven children
and six adults), whose post-trauma elbow radiographs showed
an effusion but no fracture, underwent screening MR imaging.
RESULTS: All patients showed bone marrow edema. Four of the
seven children had fractures on screening MR imaging, and
all adults had some identifiable fractures. CONCLUSION:
Preliminary data using screening MR imaging suggests that an
occult fracture usually is present in the setting of
effusion without radiographically visualized
fracture.},
Key = {fds133596}
}
@article{fds133589,
Author = {TA Dorsay and NM Major and CA Helms},
Title = {Cost-effectiveness of immediate MR imaging versus
traditional follow-up for revealing radiographically occult
scaphoid fractures.},
Journal = {AJR. American journal of roentgenology, United
States},
Volume = {177},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1257-63},
Year = {2001},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0361-803X},
Keywords = {Adolescent Adult Cost-Benefit Analysis Female Follow-Up
Studies Fractures, Bone Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male Predictive Value of Tests Scaphoid Bone Time Factors
economics* pathology*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: For suspected scaphoid fractures with no
radiographic evidence of fracture, treating symptoms with
immobilization and radiographic follow-up has long been the
standard of care. Modified MR imaging of the wrist is
offered at our institution in screening for radiographically
occult scaphoid fractures at the time of initial
presentation to the emergency department. We show the
advantages and comparative costs of this modified protocol
versus a traditional protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our
modified protocol consists of coronal thin-section
T1-weighted and fast spin-echo T2-weighted MR images with
fat saturation. A review of the literature was performed to
assess the accuracy of clinical examination, radiography,
and other modalities in the evaluation of scaphoid fractures
of the wrist. Charges for this procedure are compared with
charges for traditional follow-up. RESULTS: Three of four
patients with positive results at clinical examination and
negative findings on initial radiographs will be needlessly
immobilized and monitored. The charges to the patient at our
institution for screening MR imaging of the wrist are $770.
The total charges to the patient with the traditional
protocol, which would not be necessary with screening MR
imaging, are $677 or more if a diagnosis is not made at this
time. Bone scanning or routine MR imaging is often
eventually used. CONCLUSION: Cost analysis at our
institution suggests the two protocols are nearly equivalent
from a financial standpoint. The loss of productivity for
patients who are unnecessarily in casts or splints may be
substantial. Screening MR imaging of the wrist in this
setting is becoming accepted at our institution in a manner
similar to screening MR imaging of the hip.},
Key = {fds133589}
}
@article{fds133591,
Author = {RL Cothran and NM Major and CA Helms and LD Higgins},
Title = {MR imaging of meniscal contusion in the knee.},
Journal = {AJR. American journal of roentgenology, United
States},
Volume = {177},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1189-92},
Year = {2001},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0361-803X},
Keywords = {Adult Anterior Cruciate Ligament Arthroscopy Contusions
Diagnosis, Differential Female Humans Knee Injuries Magnetic
Resonance Imaging* Male Menisci, Tibial Quality Assurance,
Health Care Sensitivity and Specificity diagnosis* injuries
injuries* pathology surgery},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We describe focal abnormal signal of the meniscus
in the knees of six patients who had a history of acute
trauma to the knee. This signal abuts the articular surface
of the meniscus on MR imaging but does not meet criteria for
a meniscal tear or degeneration. CONCLUSION: Acute trauma to
the knee may cause an abnormal signal in the meniscus that
does not meet the previously described criteria for a
meniscal tear or an intrasubstance degeneration. This
abnormal signal could be misinterpreted as a tear because of
its contact with the articular surface; this signal is seen
most often in our series in the setting of an anterior
cruciate ligament tear with adjacent bone contusions. We
suggest that this signal may be due to a contusion of the
meniscus and that the signal may resolve over time in some
patients.},
Key = {fds133591}
}
@article{fds133597,
Author = {NM Major},
Title = {Imaging of the subcoracoid bursa.},
Journal = {AJR. American journal of roentgenology, United
States},
Volume = {176},
Number = {3},
Pages = {812-3},
Year = {2001},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0361-803X},
Keywords = {Bursa, Synovial Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Rotator
Cuff Shoulder Pain* etiology injuries* pathology*},
Key = {fds133597}
}
@article{fds133613,
Author = {S Bonsell and AW Pearsall and RJ Heitman and CA Helms and NM Major and KP
Speer},
Title = {The relationship of age, gender, and degenerative changes
observed on radiographs of the shoulder in asymptomatic
individuals.},
Journal = {The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume,
England},
Volume = {82},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1135-9},
Year = {2000},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0301-620X},
Keywords = {Acromioclavicular Joint* Adult Age Factors Aged Aged, 80 and
over Aging Arthritis Bias (Epidemiology) Chi-Square
Distribution Diagnosis, Differential Female Humans Logistic
Models Male Middle Aged Predictive Value of Tests Reference
Values Rotator Cuff Severity of Illness Index Sex
Characteristics Shoulder Impingement Syndrome Shoulder
Joint* Single-Blind Method classification etiology injuries*
pathology* physiopathology radiography*},
Abstract = {Radiographs of the shoulders of 84 asymptomatic individuals
aged between 40 and 83 years were evaluated to determine
changes in 23 specific areas. Two fellowship-trained
orthopaedic radiologists graded each area on a scale of 0 to
II (normal 0, mild changes I, advanced changes II). Logistic
regression analysis indicated age to be a significant
predictor of change (p < 0.05) for sclerosis of the medial
acromion and lateral clavicle, the presence of subchondral
cysts in the acromion, formation of osteophytes at the
inferior acromion and clavicle, and narrowing and
degeneration of the acromioclavicular joint. Gender was not
a significant predictor (p > 0.05) for radiological changes.
Student's t-test determined significance (p < 0.05) between
age and the presence of medial acromial and lateral
clavicular sclerosis, subchondral acromial cysts, inferior
acromial and clavicular osteophytes, and degeneration of the
acromioclavicular joint. Radiological analysis in conditions
such as subacromial impingement, pathology of the rotator
cuff, and acromioclavicular degeneration should be
interpreted in the context of the symptoms and normal
age-related changes.},
Key = {fds133613}
}
@article{fds133592,
Author = {NM Major and CA Helms and WJ Richardson},
Title = {The "mini brain": plasmacytoma in a vertebral body on MR
imaging.},
Journal = {AJR. American journal of roentgenology, UNITED
STATES},
Volume = {175},
Number = {1},
Pages = {261-3},
Year = {2000},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0361-803X},
Keywords = {Adult Aged Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging* Male
Middle Aged Plasmacytoma Spinal Cord Neoplasms
pathology*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Patients with solitary plasmacytoma in the spine
frequently require a biopsy for diagnosis of their
condition. We report an appearance of plasmacytoma in the
spine, which is sufficiently pathognomonic to obviate
biopsy. CONCLUSION: Identification of a "mini brain" in an
expansile lesion in the spine is characteristic of
plasmacytoma. It is important that radiologists note this
characteristic because biopsy can be avoided in patients
with this appearance. Although biopsy might still be
required at many institutions, at our institution, surgeons
find this appearance sufficiently pathognomonic to bypass
biopsy and start treatment.},
Key = {fds133592}
}
@article{fds133617,
Author = {NM Major and CA Helms and RC Fritz and KP Speer},
Title = {The MR imaging appearance of longitudinal split tears of the
peroneus brevis tendon.},
Journal = {Foot & ankle international / American Orthopaedic Foot and
Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society, UNITED
STATES},
Volume = {21},
Number = {6},
Pages = {514-9},
Year = {2000},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1071-1007},
Keywords = {Adolescent Adult Aged Ankle Injuries Ankle* Female Humans
Magnetic Resonance Imaging* Male Middle Aged Retrospective
Studies Rupture Tendon Injuries Tendons complications
diagnosis* pathology*},
Abstract = {PURPOSE: Longitudinal split tears of the peroneus brevis
tendon have been increasingly reported as a source of
lateral ankle pain and disability. MR imaging is useful in
identifying the appearance of longitudinal split tears of
the peroneus brevis tendon to differentiate this entity from
other causes of chronic lateral ankle pain. We observed
variations in anatomy associated with these tears. MATERIALS
AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients (eleven males, eleven
females) were identified as having longitudinal split tears
of the peroneus brevis tendon. These cases were reviewed
retrospectively to evaluate for the following: shape of the
peroneus brevis tendon, high signal in the peroneus brevis
tendon, tendon subluxation, appearance of the superior
peroneal retinaculum, presence of osseous changes in the
ankle, lateral ankle ligaments, presence of a bony fibular
spur, flattening of the peroneal groove of the fibula and
presence of a peroneus quartus. A control group consisted of
twenty ankles imaged for reasons other than lateral ankle
pain. The same structures were assessed in this group. A
Fisher's exact P-value was used to determine the
significance of each finding in the two groups. RESULTS:
Statistically significant associated findings were chevron
shaped tendon (p = .0001), high signal in the peroneus
brevis (p = .0017), bony changes (p = .0001), flat peroneal
groove (p = .0001), abnormal lateral ligaments (p = .0004),
and lateral fibular spur (p = .0006). CONCLUSIONS: MR
imaging is useful in differentiating longitudinal split
tears of the peroneus brevis tendon from other lateral ankle
disorders. It can show the extent of the abnormality in the
tendon and the associated findings of soft tissue and/or
bone variations which must be addressed at the time of
surgery.},
Key = {fds133617}
}
@article{fds133615,
Author = {NM Major and CA Helms},
Title = {Sacral stress fractures in long-distance
runners.},
Journal = {AJR. American journal of roentgenology, UNITED
STATES},
Volume = {174},
Number = {3},
Pages = {727-9},
Year = {2000},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0361-803X},
Keywords = {Adolescent Adult Athletic Injuries Diagnosis, Differential
Female Fractures, Stress Humans Male Middle Aged Running
Sacrum Sciatica Spinal Fractures diagnosis diagnosis*
injuries* pathology},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Sacral stress fractures in athletes are rare but
important to recognize because the symptoms often mimic
sciatica and can lead to delay in diagnosis and treatment.
The radiographic findings are characteristic and can
facilitate early diagnosis and lead to appropriate
treatment. CONCLUSION: The clinical presentation of runners
with sacral stress fractures can mimic disk disease.
However, stress fractures in athletes, especially
long-distance runners, must be treated differently. The
imaging characteristics appear as linear abnormal signal
intensity paralleling the sacroiliac joint on MR imaging and
linear sclerosis with cortical disruption on CT. Imaging
with bone scintigraphy shows increased uptake that parallels
the sacroiliac joint.},
Key = {fds133615}
}
@article{fds133616,
Author = {BK Brodwater and NM Major and RD Goldner and LJ Layfield},
Title = {Macrodystrophia lipomatosa with associated fibrolipomatous
hamartoma of the median nerve.},
Journal = {Pediatric surgery international, GERMANY},
Volume = {16},
Number = {3},
Pages = {216-8},
Year = {2000},
ISSN = {0179-0358},
Keywords = {Child, Preschool Fingers Gigantism Hamartoma Humans Male
Median Nerve* Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
abnormalities* complications* surgery},
Abstract = {Macrodystrophia lipomatosa (MDL) is a rare disease typically
causing localized gigantism and is often associated with a
fibrolipomatous hamartoma (FH) of the median or plantar
nerve. A previously unreported case of MDL with associated
FH of the median nerve is presented.},
Key = {fds133616}
}
@article{fds133590,
Author = {NM Major},
Title = {MR imaging after therapeutic injection of the subacromial
bursa.},
Journal = {Skeletal radiology, GERMANY},
Volume = {28},
Number = {11},
Pages = {628-31},
Year = {1999},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0364-2348},
Keywords = {Acromion Adult Anesthetics, Local Bursa, Synovial Cartilage,
Articular Female Humans Injections, Intra-Articular
Lidocaine Male Prospective Studies Rotator Cuff Shoulder
Impingement Syndrome Shoulder Joint Synovial Membrane
administration & dosage* diagnosis* drug therapy pathology*
therapeutic use},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: As a therapeutic injection into the subacromial
bursa (SAB) is commonly performed for impingement syndrome,
it is important to know whether this fluid can be retained
for a period of time and cause confusion with a pathologic
collection of fluid. This study identifies and describes the
appearance of recent subacromial injection using MR imaging,
and the appearance of a potential complication. DESIGN AND
PATIENTS: Fourteen asymptomatic shoulders were studied with
MR imaging using fast spin echo T2-weighted imaging (1.5 T)
prior to injection with 7 cm(3) of xylocaine. Four shoulders
had subacromial fluid and were eliminated from the study.
The remaining 10 (9 men, 1 woman; age range 27-36 years,
average age 33 years) were then re-imaged immediately, and
at 6, 12 and 24 h after the injection or until fluid
resolved. Each set of images was reviewed for the presence
of fluid in the SAB and for additional abnormalities.
RESULTS: Fluid was identified in all subjects in the SAB in
the immediate, 6 and 12 h post-injection images. At 24 h,
fluid was not identified within the SAB in eight of 10
patients. In one patient fluid resolved in 48 h. The other
continued to demonstrate fluid in the SAB and in the joint
as well as abnormal signal in the infraspinatus muscle from
a presumed myositis. Imaging was performed up to 10 days
after the injection in this patient. CONCLUSIONS: It is
known that fluid identified in the SAB without evidence of a
cuff tear may be due to bursitis. However, if MR imaging is
performed within 24 h of injection, the presence of the
fluid may be iatrogenic. In addition, the history of recent
therapeutic injection is very important as complications
such as myositis can occur as a result of the injection.
Knowledge of injection prior to imaging is vital for
accurate interpretation of MR shoulder examinations.},
Key = {fds133590}
}
@article{fds133593,
Author = {NM Major and CA Helms and WJ Richardson},
Title = {MR imaging of fibrocartilaginous masses arising on the
margins of spondylolysis defects.},
Journal = {AJR. American journal of roentgenology, UNITED
STATES},
Volume = {173},
Number = {3},
Pages = {673-6},
Year = {1999},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0361-803X},
Keywords = {Adult Aged Female Humans Lumbar Vertebrae Magnetic Resonance
Imaging* Male Middle Aged Spondylolysis pathology*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Spondylolysis is reported in up to 7% of the
population. An uncommon process that can accompany a pars
interarticularis defect is a fibrocartilaginous mass, which
can cause impression on the nerve roots and thecal sac.
Recognition is important so that the presence may be
addressed at the time of surgery. This report describes the
MR imaging appearance and clinical significance of a
fibrocartilaginous mass in association with spondylolysis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed data regarding 336
patients who had lumbar spine imaging at our institution
during a 12-month period. Contiguous axial and sagittal MR
imaging using T1-weighted and fast spin-echo T2-weighted
sequences was used. Images were evaluated for a mass of
tissue surrounding the pars defect with MR characteristics
of cartilaginous and fibrous low signal intensity on
T1-weighted images and low to intermediate signal intensity
on T2-weighted images. The position of the
fibrocartilaginous mass and its relation to the thecal sac
were noted. Surgical correlation between those patients with
a fibrocartilaginous mass and those without was examined.
RESULTS: Twenty-nine (8.6%) of 336 patients were identified
as having a pars interarticularis defect. A
fibrocartilaginous mass was present in 26 (90%) of 29
patients. Six (21%) of the 29 patients had a mass effect on
the thecal sac. Of the remaining 23 patients, 20 had a
fibrocartilaginous mass external to the thecal sac, and
three did not show any fibrocartilaginous mass. Histologic
analysis in one patient confirmed the fibrous and
cartilaginous nature of the lesion at the pars defect.
CONCLUSION: A fibrocartilaginous mass was present in 90% of
the patients with spondylolysis. Mass effect on the thecal
sac that required surgery was identified in 21% of the
patients with spondylolysis. Awareness of this mass and
proper imaging protocols will enable the radiologist to
preoperatively alert the surgeon to its presence.},
Key = {fds133593}
}
@article{fds133611,
Author = {AB Schraner and NM Major},
Title = {MR imaging of the subcoracoid bursa.},
Journal = {AJR. American journal of roentgenology, UNITED
STATES},
Volume = {172},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1567-71},
Year = {1999},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0361-803X},
Keywords = {Adolescent Adult Aged Bursa, Synovial Female Humans Magnetic
Resonance Imaging* Male Middle Aged Retrospective Studies
Shoulder Shoulder Pain diagnosis etiology instrumentation
pathology*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The subcoracoid bursa, a bursa anterior to the
shoulder joint, can be identified on MR images. Awareness of
the MR appearance and location of this bursa, which can
connect with the subacromial-subdeltoid bursa, enables
appropriate diagnosis in patients with shoulder pain.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dictated reports involving all MR
imaging of the shoulder (n = 1545) performed at our
institution from June 1993 to February 1998 were reviewed
from computer archives. Films were reviewed in 16 cases
describing a subcoracoid bursa; in nine MR imaging correctly
revealed this bursa, whereas in seven MR imaging revealed
the subscapular recess, an outpouching of the glenohumeral
joint often confused with the subcoracoid bursa. RESULTS: Of
the 1545 shoulders examined, MR imaging revealed the
subcoracoid bursa in nine (0.6%) patients. Two cases from a
teaching file were also included, for a total of 11 cases.
In five (45%) of the 11 cases, the subcoracoid bursa
contained a small amount of fluid (<1 cm in largest diameter
on sagittal images). In the remaining six cases (55%), the
subcoracoid bursa contained a moderate (1-2 cm in largest
diameter) or a large amount (>2 cm in largest diameter) of
fluid. Of the 11 cases, six (55%) also showed connection
with the subacromial-subdeltoid bursa. CONCLUSION: It is
important to correctly identify the subcoracoid bursa on MR
imaging because it is believed to cause isolated shoulder
pain. Fluid in the subcoracoid bursa can also communicate
with the subacromial-subdeltoid bursa.},
Key = {fds133611}
}
@article{fds133607,
Author = {NM Major and CA Helms},
Title = {Pelvic stress injuries: the relationship between osteitis
pubis (symphysis pubis stress injury) and sacroiliac
abnormalities in athletes.},
Journal = {Skeletal radiology, GERMANY},
Volume = {26},
Number = {12},
Pages = {711-7},
Year = {1997},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0364-2348},
Keywords = {Adolescent Adult Aged Diagnosis, Differential Female
Fractures, Stress Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male
Middle Aged Osteitis Pelvic Bones Prospective Studies Pubic
Bone Sacroiliac Joint Spinal Osteophytosis Sports
Tomography, X-Ray Computed abnormalities* complications
complications* diagnosis diagnosis* etiology injuries
injuries* pathology radiography radionuclide
imaging},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate with radiographic imaging the
association between pubic stress injury and sacroiliac
abnormalities in athletes. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Eleven
athletes (9 men and 2 women), comprising seven male
long-distance runners, one male soccer player, one male and
two female basketball players, were imaged with plain films
for complaints of pubic symphysis pain, sciatica, groin
pain, or a combination of these complaints. In addition to
the plain films, four patients were imaged with CT, two
patients had MR imaging, and a bone scan was performed in
three patients. Anteroposterior plain films of the pelvis of
20 patients without back pain or pubic pain were evaluated
for comparison as a control group (ages 18-72 years, average
49 years; 11 women and 9 men). RESULTS: All athletes showed
plain film evidence of either sclerosis, erosions or offset
at the pubic symphysis. Four had avulsion of cortical bone
at the site of insertion of the gracilis tendon. Four
patients demonstrated sacroiliac joint abnormalities on
plain films consisting of sclerosis, erosions and
osteophytes, and in one of these athletes, bilateral
sacroiliac changes are present. Two patients with normal
sacroiliac joints on plain films had a bone scan showing
increased radionuclide uptake bilaterally at the sacroiliac
joints. One patient with both plain film and CT evidence of
sacroiliac abnormalities had an MR examination showing
abnormal signal at both sacroiliac joints and at the pubic
symphysis. A sacral stress fracture was found on CT in one
patient with complaints of sciatica. In the control group,
six patients, all over the age of 55 years, had mild
sclerosis of the symphysis, but no plain film evidence of
sacroiliac abnormalities. CONCLUSION: We have found a group
of athletes in whom stress injuries to the pubic symphysis
are associated with changes in the sacroiliac joint as
demonstrated by degenerative changes or in the sacrum as
manifested as a sacral stress fracture. These findings are
probably due to abnormal stresses across the pelvic ring
structure that lead to a second abnormality in the pelvic
ring. The abnormality in the sacrum is not always well seen
with conventional imaging. Recognition of the association of
stress injury of the symphysis with back pain is important
in that it can help avoid inappropriate studies and
diagnostic confusion.},
Key = {fds133607}
}
@article{fds133587,
Author = {NM Major and J Tehranzadeh},
Title = {Musculoskeletal manifestations of AIDS.},
Journal = {Radiologic clinics of North America, UNITED
STATES},
Volume = {35},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1167-89},
Year = {1997},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0033-8389},
Keywords = {AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Arthritis Bacterial
Infections Bone Diseases Bone Marrow Diseases Bone Neoplasms
Humans Lymphoma, AIDS-Related Muscle Neoplasms Muscular
Diseases Myositis Osteoarthropathy, Secondary Hypertrophic
Osteomyelitis Osteonecrosis Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy
Sarcoma, Kaposi diagnosis diagnosis*},
Abstract = {Musculoskeletal manifestations in the HIV- and AIDS-infected
patient are not as common as in other organ systems. A
variety of musculoskeletal abnormalities are discussed in
this article, including infection, arthritis, and neoplasms.
A brief discussion of miscellaneous conditions, such as
avascular necrosis, hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, reflex
sympathetic dystrophy, and bone marrows abnormalities is
also included.},
Key = {fds133587}
}
@article{fds133586,
Author = {NM Major and CA Helms},
Title = {Idiopathic transient osteoporosis of the
hip.},
Journal = {Arthritis and rheumatism, UNITED STATES},
Volume = {40},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1178-9},
Year = {1997},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0004-3591},
Keywords = {Diagnosis, Differential Hip Humans Male Middle Aged
Osteonecrosis Osteoporosis etiology* radiography*},
Key = {fds133586}
}
@article{fds133600,
Title = {Major NM, Helms CA. Idiopathic transient osteoporosis of the
hip. Radiologic Vignettes. Arthritis and Rheumatism
1997;40:1178-1179},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds133600}
}
@article{fds133601,
Title = {Major NM, Helms CA. Pelvic stress injuries. the relationship
between osteitis pubis (symphysis pubis stress injury) and
sacroiliac abnormalities in athletes. Skeletal Radiology
1997;26:711-717},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds133601}
}
@article{fds133606,
Author = {NM Major and CA Helms},
Title = {Absence or interruption of the supra-acetabular line: a
subtle plain film indicator of hip pathology.},
Journal = {Skeletal radiology, GERMANY},
Volume = {25},
Number = {6},
Pages = {525-9},
Year = {1996},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0364-2348},
Keywords = {Acetabulum Female Hip Joint Humans Joint Diseases Magnetic
Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Neoplasms pathology
radiography radiography*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To show that absence or interruption of the
supra-acetabular line is a subtle plain film indicator of
pathology in the acetabulum. DESIGN: Nineteen hips from 17
patients with known disease processes involving the
acetabulum as demonstrated by subsequent magnetic resonance
imaging, bone scan or plain film follow-up were evaluated
with antero-posterior (AP) plain films of the pelvis. Three
additional cases were diagnosed prospectively using
interruption of the supra-acetabular line as the criterion
for inclusion. Fifty AP plain films of the pelvis in
patients without hip pain were examined prospectively to
determine normal imaging criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:
The normal supra-acetabular line measures 2-3 mm in
thickness superiorly and is a thin sclerotic line in the
medial aspect. In all 22 hips (with pathology) in this
series, the line was interrupted or absent. Loss or
interruption of the supra-acetabular line may thus be a
subtle pain film indicator of a disease process involving
the acetabulum. This plain film sign has not previously been
reported.},
Key = {fds133606}
}
@article{fds133585,
Title = {Major NM, Helms CA. Absence or Interruption of the
Supra-acetabular Line: A Subtle Plain Film Indicator of Hip
Pathology. Skeletal Radiology 1996; 25: 525-529.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds133585}
}
@article{fds133604,
Author = {CA Helms and NM Major},
Title = {Proper protocols key to CT of lumbar spine.},
Journal = {Diagnostic imaging, UNITED STATES},
Volume = {16},
Number = {11},
Pages = {118-21},
Year = {1994},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0194-2514},
Keywords = {Humans Intervertebral Disk Displacement Lumbar Vertebrae
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Spinal Stenosis Spondylolysis
Tomography, X-Ray Computed diagnosis methods* pathology
radiography*},
Abstract = {MRI is clearly superior to CT in imaging the lumbar spine
for evaluation of the postoperative back. The one area in
which CT has been shown to be superior to MRI in the lumbar
spine is in diagnosing spondylolysis. Pars defects can be
very difficult to appreciate with MRI, yet are easily seen
with CT. Other than spondylolysis, the postoperative spine,
and bone marrow imaging, CT and MRI appear to be
diagnostically equivalent.},
Key = {fds133604}
}
@article{fds133602,
Author = {NM Major and CA Helms and HK Genant},
Title = {Calcification demonstrated as high signal intensity on
T1-weighted MR images of the disks of the lumbar
spine.},
Journal = {Radiology, UNITED STATES},
Volume = {189},
Number = {2},
Pages = {494-6},
Year = {1993},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0033-8419},
Keywords = {Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Calcinosis Female Humans
Intervertebral Disk Intervertebral Disk Displacement Low
Back Pain Lumbar Vertebrae Magnetic Resonance Imaging* Male
Middle Aged Spinal Diseases Tomography, X-Ray Computed
diagnosis diagnosis* methods pathology* radiography},
Abstract = {PURPOSE: To report that calcification of lumbar disks may
not show the usual low signal intensity on T1-weighted
magnetic resonance (MR) images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The
authors present five cases of high signal intensity on
T1-weighted MR images of a lumbar disk that reflect the
presence of calcium deposition. RESULTS: In four cases there
was conventional radiographic confirmation and in one case
there was computed tomographic confirmation of the disk
calcification, which corresponded to the high signal
intensity seen on the MR studies. One patient had undergone
surgical removal of a partially calcified protruding disk.
CONCLUSION: Lumbar disk calcification can vary in signal
intensity from low to high on T1-weighted MR
images.},
Key = {fds133602}
}
@article{fds133614,
Author = {CA Helms and NM Major},
Title = {Rapid triple-compartment wrist arthrography with diluted
contrast medium.},
Journal = {Canadian Association of Radiologists journal = Journal
l'Association canadienne des radiologistes,
CANADA},
Volume = {44},
Number = {3},
Pages = {227-9},
Year = {1993},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0846-5371},
Keywords = {Diatrizoate Humans Injections, Intra-Articular Methods Wrist
Joint administration & dosage diagnostic use*
radiography*},
Abstract = {Triple-compartment wrist arthrography is currently
considered the optimal technique for evaluating carpal
instability, because injection of contrast agent into the
radiocarpal joint alone can fail to reveal ligamentous
disruption due to a ball-valve tear. Unfortunately,
triple-compartment arthrography can be time consuming for
both the patient and the radiologist. This report describes
a technique for rapid triple-compartment wrist arthrography
with standard (as opposed to digital subtraction)
fluoroscopy. This technique reduces the time necessary to
perform the study to 30 to 45 minutes without sacrificing
diagnostic accuracy.},
Key = {fds133614}
}
@article{fds133598,
Title = {Helms CA, Major NM. Rapid Triple compartment wrist
arthrography using diluted contrast medium. Jour of Canadian
Assoc Radiol 1993; 44; 227-229.},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds133598}
}
@article{fds133599,
Title = {Major NM, Helms CA, Genant HK. Calcification demonstrated as
high signal on T1-weighted MR images in the discs of the
lumbar spine. Radiology 1993; 189: 494-496.},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds133599}
}
@article{fds133627,
Author = {RW Coonrad and TF Roush and NM Major and CJ Basamania},
Title = {The drop sign, a radiographic warning sign of elbow
instability.},
Journal = {Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery / American Shoulder
and Elbow Surgeons ... [et al.], United States},
Volume = {14},
Number = {3},
Pages = {312-7},
ISSN = {1058-2746},
Keywords = {Dislocations Elbow Joint Humans Humerus Joint Instability
Ulna injuries* physiopathology radiography*
surgery*},
Abstract = {Persistent instability or redislocation is uncommon but of
significant concern in treating elbow dislocations. Finding
an objective, static radiographic sign that might correlate
with the presence of instability was the purpose of this
study. Pre- and post-reduction radiographs of 10 consecutive
simple and complete adult elbow dislocations were reviewed
and compared with radiographs of 20 consecutive adult elbows
without any trauma history. A statistically significant
measured increase in static ulnohumeral distance was noted
on the routine unstressed post-reduction lateral radiographs
of patients sustaining dislocation. We have termed this
increased distance the drop sign. It differs from the
radiographic ulnohumeral separation noted during
O'Driscoll's test for posterolateral rotary instability,
which is present only with axial compression. The drop sign
becomes concerning only if persistent after the first
reduction radiograph and may be a warning sign of the
presence of instability.},
Key = {fds133627}
}
@article{fds133612,
Author = {NM Major},
Title = {Magnetic resonance imaging of the elbow.},
Journal = {Current problems in diagnostic radiology, UNITED
STATES},
Volume = {29},
Number = {1},
Pages = {27-40},
ISSN = {0363-0188},
Keywords = {Arthritis, Rheumatoid Bone Neoplasms Elbow Humans Magnetic
Resonance Imaging* Sarcoma anatomy & histology* diagnosis
injuries physiopathology},
Key = {fds133612}
}
%% Marchi, Damiano
@article{fds163743,
Author = {Scafetta N and Marchi D and West BJ},
Title = {Understanding the complexity of human gait
dynamics},
Journal = {CHAOS},
Number = {19},
Year = {2009},
Abstract = {Time series of human gait stride intervals exhibit fractal
and multifractal properties under several conditions.
Records from subjects walking at normal, slow, and fast pace
speed are analyzed to determine changes in the fractal
scalings as a function of the stress condition of the
system. Records from subjects with different age from
children to elderly and patients suffering from
neurodegenerative disease are analyzed to determine changes
in the fractal scalings as a function of the physical
maturation or degeneration of the system. A supercentral
pattern generator model is presented to simulate the above
two properties that are typically found in dynamical network
performance: that is, how a dynamical network responds to
stress and to evolution.},
Key = {fds163743}
}
@article{fds163742,
Author = {Marchi D},
Title = {Relationships between lower limb cross-sectional geometry
and mobility: the case of a Neolithic sample from
Italy.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Number = {137},
Pages = {188-200},
Year = {2008},
Keywords = {tibia femur biomechanics mobility European
Neolithic},
Abstract = {This study investigates the relationships between lower limb
robusticity and mobility in a Neolithic sample (LIG) from
Italy (6th millennium BP). This study tests the hypothesis
that the high femoral robusticity previously observed in the
LIG sample is a consequence of the subsistence strategy
(i.e., high mobility on uneven terrain) practiced by LIG.
Cross-sectional geometric properties of the femur and tibia
at midshaft of LIG (eight males and eight females) were
collected and results compared to Late Upper Paleolithic (12
males, five females), Mesolithic (24 males, eight females),
and Eneolithic (28 males, 17 females) samples from other
sites throughout Europe. The results show that the LIG
sample does not show the reduction of lower limb robusticity
that is characteristic of the Eneolithic sample, but rather
that the LIG sample is most similar to the earlier, highly
mobile, populations. This high level of robusticity in the
LIG sample could reflect both their pastoral subsistence
strategy combined with a rugged environment, as well as
their earlier temporal position within the Neolithic. The
results of this study further point to significant variation
in male-female mobility patterns in the region, also
possibly related to pastoral behavioral patterns.},
Key = {fds163742}
}
@article{fds144219,
Author = {Sparacello VS and Marchi D},
Title = {Mobility and subsistence economy: a diachronic comparison
between two groups settled in the same geographical area
(Liguria, Italy)},
Journal = {Accepted by American Journal of Physical
Anthropology},
Year = {2008},
Abstract = {The purpose of this paper is to investigate temporal shifts
in skeletal robusticity in order to infer behavioral changes
in two populations (Neolithic, NEOL and Medieval, MED)
settled in the same geographic area but involved in
different subsistence economies (pastoralism and coastal
resources exploitation, respectively). This comparison
allows us to test the hypothesis that occupational stress
and mobility in the same environment produce predictable
changes in the robusticity of both upper- and lower limbs.
Results show a lower degree of humeral robusticity and a
similar degree of humeral asymmetry in the two sexes in the
MED population. These results are consistent with the
relatively less stressful subsistence economy documented in
the MED population relative to that of the NEOL. Lower limb
results suggest that femoral robusticity does not correlate
directly with the level of logistical mobility, but is
instead due to the summation of several diverse factors that
place biomechanical loads on the hindlimb, particularly
unevenness of the terrain. However, female femoral gracility
seems to indicate that below a certain ‘threshold’ of
mobility, i.e., movement over the natural terrain, terrain
conformation is no longer the main contributing factor to
femoral robusticity. The femoral shape index Ix/Iy declines
through time, particularly in males. This agrees with the
expected mobility of the samples based on archaeological and
historical data, providing further evidence on the
reliability of this index in inferring terrestrial
mobility.},
Key = {fds144219}
}
@article{fds144220,
Author = {D. Marchi},
Title = {Diaphyseal and joint properties of metacarpals and
metatarsals of Hominoidea and their relationships with
locomotor behavior.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {Supplement},
Pages = {46: 148.},
Year = {2008},
Abstract = {In a previous study conducted on humerus, radius, ulna,
femur, and tibia,Ruff (2002) found that great apes have
larger joints surface areas relative to diaphyseal
cross-sectional size than monkeys, and that associations
between these structural proportions and locomotion can be
demonstrated across hominoids. Here I want to determine if
structural proportions of metacarpals and metatarsals are
useful to distinguish locomotor modes within hominoids. To
that purpose I compare distal joint surface areas and
mid-diaphyseal cross-sectional properties (section modulus)
of metacarpals and metatarsals in a sample of 85 hominoids
(chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, and human). Both joint to
shaft and metacarpal to metatarsal of the same ray
proportions were calculated and compared between species.
Results show that orangutans have the greatest distal
articular surfaces relative to mid-diaphyseal section
modulus for both metacarpals and metatarsals, followed by
African great apes. Humans show the lowest values.
Differences among species are statistically significant.
This is probably a consequence of the greater amount of
mobility in the proximal phalanx/distal metacarpal or
metatarsal articulations in great apes as compared to
humans. Interlimb comparisons show the relatively greatest
metacarpal distal joint in African great apes. This may be a
consequence of the greater dorsiflexion of the fingers in
African great apes during knuckle-walking locomotion. These
results are in agreement with results obtained using limb
long bones and can be applicable to fossil material which is
often fragmentary and requires that inferences on locomotion
of extinct species be obtained from a single bone or a few
bones.},
Key = {fds144220}
}
@article{fds71028,
Author = {Marchi D},
Title = {Relative strength of the tibia and fibula and locomotor
behavior in hominoids},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Pages = {53:647-655},
Year = {2007},
Abstract = {The fibula has rarely been taken into consideration in
comparative morphological studies, probably due to its
relatively minor role in carrying mechanical load. However,
some differences in morphology (and inferred function) of
the fibula between humans and apes, and within apes have
been previously noted, and related to differences in
positional behavior. Therefore, the study of tibiofibular
relations may be useful in characterizing such differences.
This study examines cross-sectional geometric (CSG)
properties (cortical area and polar section modulus, Zp) of
the tibia and fibula at mid-diaphysis across a sample (N=87)
of humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and gibbons.
The fibula is compared against the tibia in the different
groups. From the analysis it appears that the robusticity of
the fibula relative to that of the tibia can be explained in
terms of differences in positional behavior. In particular,
more arboreal hominoids (gibbons, orangutans, and
chimpanzees) show a relatively more robust fibula than more
terrestrial hominoids (gorillas and bipedal humans). The
difference appears to be a consequence of the more mobile
fibula and more adducted position of the hindlimb necessary
in an arboreal environment. Apart from providing interesting
CSG data on a bone not investigated so far using this
technique, these results may also be helpful in the
interpretation of fossil hominoids of uncertain locomotor
assignment.},
Key = {fds71028}
}
@article{fds69337,
Author = {D. Marchi},
Title = {Lower limb bone remodeling in a Neolithic sample from
Liguria (Italy)},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology,
Supplement},
Number = {44},
Pages = {163-164},
Booktitle = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology,
Supplement},
Year = {2007},
Abstract = {The aim of this research is to improve our understanding of
mobility and the role of the terrain in lower limb bone
remodeling studying the cross-sectional geometric properties
of tibia from a Ligurian Neolithic sample (Italy, 4th
millennium BC). The sample includes eight males and seven
females found in a restricted area (Finale Ligure, Savona)
and dated to the fourth millennium BC. Results are compared
to Late Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic samples from the
same site and from other sites around Europe. Many
paleoanthropological studies on skeletal robusticity have
suggested decreased mobility with the advent of a food
producing economy. Previous studies conducted on the femur
of the same Ligurian Neolithic sample noted unexpected
levels of mechanical stress for this population. Such
robusticity could result from the combined effect of
lifestyle and terrain conformation (Liguria is a mountainous
region). As previously found for the femur, while all female
indicators of tibial bending strength decrease steadily
through time, Neolithic male values approach those of the
Late Upper Paleolithic. Moreover, tibial sexual dimorphism
characterizing the Neolithic sample is constantly greater
than femoral sexual dimorphism, further pointing to quite
different male-female mobility patterns, probably reflecting
the importance of pastoral activity, well-documented in the
Ligurian archeological record. The greater relative tibial
strength compared to that of the femur, associated with the
archeologically documented pastoral activity, further points
out the stronger correlation between habitual activity
patterns and relative strength of distal limb bones (tibia)
than with proximal limb bones (femur), which shows a
stronger correlation with climate.},
Key = {fds69337}
}
@article{fds69334,
Author = {Marchi D and Sparacello VS and Holt BM and Formicola
V},
Title = {Biomechanical approach to the reconstruction of activity
patterns in Neolithic Western Liguria, Italy},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Number = {131},
Pages = {447-456},
Year = {2006},
Abstract = {This paper investigates the changes in upper and lower limb
robusticity and activity patterns that accompanied the
transition to a Neolithic subsistence in Western Liguria
(Italy). Diaphyseal robusticity measures are obtained from
cross-sectional geometric properties of the humerus and
femur in a sample of 16 individuals (eight males and eight
females) dated to about 6,000-5,500 BP. Comparisons with
European Late Upper Paleolithics (LUP) indicate increased
humeral robusticity in Neolithic Ligurian (NEOL) males, but
not in females, with significant reduction in right-left
differences in both sexes. Sexual dimorphism in robusticity
increases in upper and lower limb bones. Regarding the
femur, while all female indicators of bending strength
decrease steadily through time, values for NEOL males
approach those of LUP. This suggests high, and unexpected,
levels of mechanical stress for NEOL males, probably
reflecting the effects of the mountainous terrain in lower
limb remodeling. Comparisons between NEOL males and a small
sample of LUP hunter-gatherers from the same area support
this interpretation. In conclusion, cross-sectional geometry
data indicate that the transition to Neolithic economies in
Western Liguria did not reduce functional requirements in
males and suggest a marked sexual division of labor
involving a more symmetric use of the upper limb and
different male-female levels of locomotory stress. When
articulated with archeological, faunal, paleopathological
and ethnographic evidence, these results support the
hypothesis of repetitive, bimanual use of axes tied to
pastoral activities in males and of more sedentary tasks
linked to agriculture in females.},
Key = {fds69334}
}
@article{fds69336,
Author = {Marchi D and Borgognini-Tarli SM},
Title = {Cross-sectional geometric properties of the tibia-fibula
complex},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology,
Supplement},
Number = {42},
Pages = {125},
Booktitle = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology,
Supplement},
Year = {2006},
Abstract = {The fibula has rarely been taken into consideration in
anthropological studies, probably due to its relatively less
important role in carrying load. However, looking at
hominoids, the difference in morphology (and function) of
the fibula between humans and apes, and within apes is
evident, and is probably related to differences in
positional behavior. Therefore, study of tibio-fibular
relations may be useful in characterizing such differences.
This study examines cross-sectional geometric properties
(cortical area, CA and polar moment of area, J) of the tibia
and fibula at 35, 50, 65% of bone length across a sample
(N=105) of chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, gibbons, and
humans. All cross-sectional variables are analyzed against
body mass x bone length. The fibula is compared against the
tibia in the different groups. RMA lines are calculated.
ANOVA is performed as well as post-hoc comparisons using the
Tukey’s honestly significant difference test. The
calculation of the percent prediction error is used to
evaluate differences between species. When comparing the
tibia against the fibula, it appears that gorillas and
humans have relatively stronger tibia as compared to the
other hominoids, and that orangutans and chimpanzees have
relatively stronger fibula as compared to the other
hominoids. Therefore, the lower limb polar moment of area
appears to be useful in characterizing prevalently
terrestrial versus prevalently arboreal hominoids, where the
former appear to have relative more robust tibia than the
latter. Further studies on the loading role of the hominoid
fibula will be necessary to better understand the
biomechanical role of this bone.},
Key = {fds69336}
}
@article{fds42342,
Author = {Marchi D.},
Title = {Cross-sectional geometry of the hand and foot of Hominoidea:
its relationships},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Number = {49},
Pages = {743-761},
Year = {2005},
Abstract = {Cheiridia are valuable indicators of positional adaptation
as they directly contact the substrate, but systematic
comparison of the structural properties of both metacarpals
and metatarsals has never been carried out. Differences in
locomotor behavior within the great apes (knuckle-walkers
versus quadrumanous) can produce biomechanical differences
that can be elucidated by the parallel study of
cross-sectional characteristics of metacarpals and
metatarsals. The aim of this work is to study the
cross-sectional geometry properties of these bones in a
hominoid sample (humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and
orangutans) and their correlation with locomotor behavior.
The comparisons between bending moments of metacarpals and
metatarsals of the same ray furnished interesting results.
Metacarpals III and especially IV of knuckle-walkers were
relatively stronger than those of humans and orangutans, and
metatarsal V of humans was relatively stronger than that of
the great apes. Interestingly, the arboreal quadrumanous
orangutans had a relative robustness of metacarpal IV
between the range of knuckle-walkers and that of humans. The
main conclusions of the study are: a. cross-sectional
dimensions of metacarpals and metatarsals are related to
locomotor modes in great apes and humans; b. interlimb
comparisons of cross-sectional properties of metacarpals and
metatarsals are good indicators of locomotor modes in great
apes and humans; c. cross-sectional geometry findings are in
accord with previous results obtained by plantar pressure
and morpho-functional analyses of the same bones, and by
behavioral studies. These results provides a data base from
which it will be possible to compare the morphology of the
fossils in order to gain insight into their locomotor
repertoire.},
Key = {fds42342}
}
@article{fds29681,
Author = {Canci A and Marchi D and Caramella D and Fornaciari G and Borgognini
Tarli SM},
Title = {Melorheostosis associated to DISH from Magna Graecia (Vith
Century BC)},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {126},
Pages = {305-310},
Year = {2005},
Abstract = {This paper reports a case of massive hyperostotic
alterations observed in the skeleton of an adult woman from
the necropolis of Montescaglioso Belvedere (Basilicata,
Southern Italy) attributed to the Enotrian culture and dated
to the VIth century BC. Hyperostotic changes involve joints,
the vertebral column and the lower limbs. In particular, the
large flowing ossification in both thoracic (T6 to T10) and
lumbar (L2 to L5) tracts, the sacralization of L5,
accompanied by sacroiliac fusion on the left side, and the
proliferative bone production on both metaphyseal portion of
the left tibia and the left third metatarsal are described.
The vertebral antero-lateral ossification and the sacroiliac
fusion support a diagnosis of Diffuse Idiopathic
Hyperostosis (DISH), while the flowing bone formation on the
lower limbs supports a diagnosis of melorheostosis. The
pathologies described here have already been described in
literature, but this is the first reported case of
coexistence of DISH and the very rare melorheostosis.
Furthermore, the skeleton from Montescaglioso Belvedere
represents the first case of this disease described for
ancient Europe, therefore adding a valuable contribution to
the reconstruction of the antiquity and distribution of
skeletal dysplasias.},
Key = {fds29681}
}
@article{fds69335,
Author = {Holt B and Marchi D and Sparacello V and Formicola V and Churchill
S},
Title = {Activity patterns in Upper Paleolithic},
Booktitle = {Atti del XVI Congresso degli antropologi
Italiani},
Year = {2005},
Abstract = {The long prehistoric record of Liguria (Italy) affords an
excellent opportunity to study differences in activity
patterns across environmental and subsistence changes.
Geometric analysis of long bone structure can yield
important information about the effects of mechanical forces
applied to the skeleton throughout life. This information
can in turn be used to infer habitual subsistence and
technological behaviors. This approach was used to track
patterns of upper and lower limb robusticity in samples of
early (EUP) and late (LUP) Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic
European skeletons, comprising material from all over Europe
as well as Liguria. In addition, the analysis included a
sample of Neolithic Ligurian skeletons. Between EUP and LUP,
patterns of upper limb robusticity show distinct trends:
humeral strength and asymmetry increase, particularly in
males, while cross-sectional shape becomes more circular.
These changes reflect increased levels of stressful
manipulative behaviors and unimanual activities, perhaps
involving a higher prevalence of throwing, rather than
thrusting. When articulated with faunal evidence, these
results suggest an increase in diet breadth, based in part
on resources associated with higher handling costs. The
Ligurian Neolithic sample shows a further increase in male
upper limb strength, in particular on the left side,
resulting in decreased asymmetry. The decreased
lateralization may be tied to activities associated with
pastoralism, well documented in the archeological record.
Lower limb robusticity decreases between EUP and LUP,
suggesting a significant decline in mobility, in keeping
with archaeological evidence of increased regionalization
and territoriality after the Last Glacial Maximum. Lower
limb robusticity decreases further during the Mesolithic.
Interestingly, the Neolithic Ligurian males, while less
robust overall than Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic males,
exhibit levels of antero-posterior bending strength
analogous to that found in LUP males, perhaps reflecting the
effects of the mountainous terrain exploited by these
pastoralists. This study demonstrates the usefulness of long
bone geometric structural analysis, which, when articulated
with archaeological evidence of subsistence, provides
important information about changing patterns of prehistoric
biocultural adaptation.},
Key = {fds69335}
}
@article{fds36461,
Author = {Marchi D and Sparacello V and Formicola V},
Title = {Mobility in Neolithic Liguria (Italy): a biomechanical
approach.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology,
Supplement},
Volume = {40},
Pages = {148-149},
Booktitle = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology,
Supplement},
Year = {2005},
Abstract = {Traditional approaches to the analysis of mobility in
Neolithic samples from Liguria (Italy) provide equivocal
results. Evidence of high levels of locomotory stress
provided by lower limb muscolo-skeletal markers is not fully
supported by external diaphyseal measures of robusticity. To
clarify these contrasting findings, we use cross sectional
geometric properties of the mid-shaft femur. The Neolithic
sample includes eight males and eight females found in a
restricted area (Finale Ligure, Savona) and dated to the
fourth millennium BC. Samples of Late Upper Paleolithic
(LUP) and Mesolithic European femora are used for
comparisons. While all female indicators of bending strength
decrease steadily through time, Neolithic male values
approach those of LUP and even show an increase relative to
the Mesolithic group. This result suggests a level of
mechanical stress for Neolithic males that is unexpected,
given patterns observed on skeletal populations and
theoretical expectations for decreased mobility with the
advent of food-producing economies. Interestingly, however,
expectations are fulfilled at regional level, i.e. when
comparing Neolithic males and the last hunter-gatherers from
the same area. Liguria is a mountainous region and this
finding points once again to the importance of the nature of
the terrain for lower limb remodeling. Moreover, the marked
sexual dimorphism characterizing the Neolithic sample
suggests quite different male-female mobility patterns,
probably reflecting the importance of pastoral activity,
well-documented in the Ligurian archeological
record.},
Key = {fds36461}
}
@article{fds29682,
Author = {Borgognini Tarli SM and Marchi D},
Title = {Appendice 2 – Note antropologiche. Monumenti Antichi
Lincei},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds29682}
}
@article{fds29683,
Author = {Marchi D and Borgognoni Tarli SM},
Title = {Cross-sectional geometry of the limb bones of the Hominoidea
by biplanar radiography and moulding techniques},
Journal = {Journal of Anthropological Sciences},
Volume = {82},
Pages = {89-102},
Year = {2004},
Abstract = {Since bone reacts to imposed loads by formation and
resorption of tissue, analyses of tissue distribution within
a bone provides evidence of the adaptation of that bone to a
given mechanical function. Definition of these
structure-function relationships allows the physical
anthropologist to clarify the wide variety of
behavioural/morphological adaptations in extant primates.
Structural analysis of primate limb bones using engineering
beam theory can be really useful in reducing complex
biological forms to a few readily interpretable and
functionally relevant parameters. In the past, several
methods of analysing these structural parameters have been
described, such as computed tomography, multiple plane
radiography, and automated digital analysis. The application
of the above techniques to problems in primate adaptation
and evolution includes estimation of body mass in fossil
specimens, investigation of relative fore- and hind-limb
mechanical loadings, and study of within and between species
differences in behaviour (for example locomotion) as
reflected in variations of limb bone shape. Cross-sectional
geometric properties (areas, second moments of area) have
been extensively used for reconstructing the mechanical
loading history of long bone shafts. Here we present a study
of the biomechanical characteristics performed on cheiridia
and the tibio-fibular complex of extant Hominoidea.
Systematic comparison of the structural properties of these
bones has not yet been carried out. The results put in
evidence the usefulness of cross-sectional geometry in
pointing out links between structural properties of long
bones and locomotion behaviour in primates, and may be
useful in elucidating locomotor adaptations of fossil
specimens.},
Key = {fds29683}
}
@article{fds29692,
Author = {Marchi D and Borgognini Tarli SM},
Title = {Cross-sectional geometry of Hominoidea by means of biplanar
radiography and molding techniques},
Series = {Folia Primatologica, Supplement 1: 216-217,},
Year = {2004},
Abstract = {Cross-sectional geometric properties (areas, second moments
of area) have been extensively used for reconstructing the
mechanical loading history of long bone shafts. This study
examines cross-sectional geometry (using a moulding
technique in combination with biplanar radiography) of
metacarpals II-V, metatarsals I-V, and the tibio-fibular
complex at 50% length across a sample of chimpanzees,
gorillas, orang-utans, and humans. Cheiridia are valuable
indicators of positional adaptation in that they directly
contact the substrate, while the tibio-fibular complex has
been studied to pinpoint the differences linked to locomotor
behaviour. All cross-sectional variables were analysed
against bone length, body mass, and (body mass x bone
length). Reduced Major Axis lines were calculated. ANOVA
tests were performed as well as post-hoc comparisons using
the Tukey’s honestly significant difference for unequal
samples. The “Quick test” and the calculation of the
percent prediction error were used to evaluate differences
among species. This is the first attempt to study
cross-sectional geometry of metacarpals, metatarsals, and
tibio-fibular complex within extant hominoids and to shed
some light on their relationship with locomotor behaviour.
The best results were obtained comparing tibia and fibula,
and metacarpals and metatarsals of the same ray. It appears
that in more terrestrial as compared to more arboreal
hominoids, the tibia is relatively stronger than the fibula.
Moreover, in knuckle-walkers metacarpals III and especially
IV are relatively stronger than those of the other
hominoids, while in humans metatarsal V is relatively
stronger than that of the great apes. Interestingly,
orang-utans, which perform a quadrumanous arboreal
behaviour, have a relative metacarpal IV robustness between
the range of knuckle-walkers and that of humans. On the
whole, cross-sectional characteristics of the tibio-fibular
complex, metacarpal and metatarsal rays are strongly related
to the locomotor behaviour of hominoids, and may be useful
in elucidating locomotor adaptations of fossil
specimens.},
Key = {fds29692}
}
@article{fds29691,
Author = {Marchi D},
Title = {Biomechanics of great ape and human hands and feet and its
relationships with positional behavior},
Series = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Supplement 2004
38: 142,},
Year = {2004},
Abstract = {Cheiridia are valuable indicators of positional adaptation
in that they directly contact the substrate. This study
examines cross-sectional geometry (CA and J) of metacarpals
II-V and metatarsals I-V at 50% length across a sample
(N=86) of chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and humans. All
cross-sectional variables are analyzed against bone length,
body mass, and (body mass x bone length). RMA lines are
calculated. ANOVA is performed as well as post-hoc
comparisons using the Tukey’s honestly significant
difference for unequal samples. The “Quick test” by
Tsutakawa and Hewett (1977) and the calculation of the
percent prediction error (PPE) are used to evaluate
differences between species. This is the first attempt to
give a biomechanical interpretation to both metacarpals and
metatarsals within hominoids and to shed some light on their
relationship with locomotion behaviors. Good results in
characterizing the hominoids in relation to locomotion
behavior are obtained when hands and feet are analyzed
separately, but the best results are obtained comparing
metacarpals and metatarsals of the same ray. It appears that
knuckle-walker apes have a relative stronger metacarpal III
and especially IV as compared to the other hominoids, and
that humans have a relative stronger metatarsal V as
compared to great apes. Interestingly, orangutans, which
perform a quadrumanus arboreal behavior, have a relative
metacarpal IV robustness between range of the
knuckle-walkers and that of humans. On the whole metacarpal
and metatarsal cross-sectional characteristics are strongly
related to the locomotion behavior of hominoids, and may be
useful in elucidating locomotion characteristics of fossil
hominoids.},
Key = {fds29691}
}
@article{fds29689,
Author = {Marchi D},
Title = {Un approccio biomeccanico allo studio delle caratteristiche
locomotorie degli ominoidei. (A biomechanical approach to
the study of hominoid locomotor characteristics)},
Series = {Abstracts of the XV Congresso degli antropologi Italiani:
31,},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds29689}
}
@article{fds29690,
Author = {Canci A and Marchi D and Caramella D and Borgognini Tarli SM and Fornaciari G},
Title = {Un caso di meloreostosi associato a DISH in uno scheletro
del VI sec. a. C. da Montescaglioso (Matera). (A case of
melorheostosis associated to DISH in a skeleton from
Montescaglioso, Italy)},
Series = {Abstracts of the XV Congresso degli antropologi Italiani:
73,},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds29690}
}
@article{fds32779,
Author = {Marchi D. and Borgognini Tarli S.M.},
Title = {The skeletal biology of two Italian peninsular magna Graecia
necropoles},
Journal = {Homo},
Volume = {53},
Pages = {59-78},
Year = {2002},
Abstract = {The aim of this work is to outline a general picture of life
style and conditions of a population Iiving in Magna Graecia
between the 7th and the 4th c. BC by the study of human
skeletal remains found in two necropoles from the Matera
province, Timmari and Montescaglioso, neighbouring
Metaponto, one of the main Ioniail Greek colonies. The
biological reconstruction was attempted by a holistic
approach which foresees the use of anthropometric,
anthroposcopic, palaeodemographic, palaeopathological data,
the study of skeletal and dentoalveolar indicators of
environmental stress and the integration with archaeological
and historical information. Interpretation of the results
was aiso based on comparisons with coeval sites from
Central-Southern Italy, from Greece and with earlier and
later sites from the same region. The two samples from
Matera did not show appreciable differences with the other
Southern Italian coeval series when compared on the basis of
metric and morphometric traits. The comparison with Greek
samples was hampered by the scarcity of pertinent data. A
high level of muscular activity was observed in males and
females, with males clearly more mobile than females. Sexual
dimorphism and limb bone lateralisation were marlied, Health
conditions and nutritional status were good.},
Key = {fds32779}
}
@article{fds29685,
Author = {Marchi D},
Title = {L'evoluzione della locomozione bipede alla luce dell'analisi
biomeccanica dello scheletro appendicolare di scimpanzé,
gorilla e orango: un progetto di studio. (The evolution of
bipedal locomotion by means of biomechanical analysis of
postcranial skeleton of the great apes: a study
project)},
Series = {Abstracts of the XIV Congresso degli antropologi Italiani:
231-233,},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds29685}
}
@article{fds29686,
Author = {Marchi D and Borgognini Tarli SM},
Title = {La biologia scheletrica di due necropoli della Magna Grecia
(Timmari e Montescaglioso Belvedere, VII-IV sec. a.C.,
Matera). (The skeletal biology of two Magna Graecia
necropoles from Southern Italy: Timmari and Montescaglioso
Belvedere)},
Series = {Abstracts of the XIV Congresso degli antropologi Italiani: :
227-228,},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds29686}
}
@article{fds29687,
Author = {Marchi D and Canci A and Borgognini Tarli SM},
Title = {Un caso di periostite dalla tomba N.132-I della necropoli di
Montescaglioso Belvedere (sec. VI a.C., Matera). (A case of
periostitis in the tomb 132-I from the Montescaglioso
Belvedere necropolis (VI cent BC, Matera-Italy))},
Series = {Abstracts of the XIV Congresso degli antropologi Italiani:
229-230,},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds29687}
}
@article{fds29688,
Author = {Arrighetti B and Marchi D and Canci A and Piccardi M and Borgognini
Tarli SM},
Title = {Un caso di osteomielite ematogena di origine tubercolare in
uno scheletro della collezione "Favara" custodita presso il
museo di antropologia ed etnografia di Firenze. (A case of
osteomyelitis in a skeleton from the Favara collection,
Florence)},
Series = {Abstracts of the XIV Congresso degli antropologi
Italiani:189-190,},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds29688}
}
@article{fds29678,
Author = {Reale B and Marchi D and Borgognini Tarli SM},
Title = {A Case of Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH)
from a Medieval Necropolis in Southern Italy},
Journal = {International Journal of Osteoarchaeology},
Volume = {9},
Pages = {369-373},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds29678}
}
%% McGrosky, Amanda
@article{fds367946,
Author = {McGrosky, A and Swanson, ZS and Rimbach, R and Bethancourt, H and Ndiema, E and Nzunza, R and Braun, DR and Rosinger, AY and Pontzer,
H},
Title = {Total daily energy expenditure and elevated water turnover
in a small-scale semi-nomadic pastoralist society from
Northern Kenya.},
Journal = {Annals of human biology},
Volume = {51},
Number = {1},
Pages = {2310724},
Year = {2024},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2024.2310724},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Pastoralists live in challenging
environments, which may be accompanied by unique activity,
energy, and water requirements.<h4>Aim</h4>Few studies have
examined whether the demands of pastoralism contribute to
differences in total energy expenditure (TEE) and water
turnover (WT) compared to other lifestyles.<h4>Subjects and
methods</h4>Accelerometer-derived physical activity, doubly
labelled water-derived TEE and WT, and anthropometric data
were collected for 34 semi-nomadic Daasanach adults from
three northern Kenyan communities with different levels of
pastoralist activity. Daasanach TEEs and WTs were compared
to those of other small-scale and industrialised
populations.<h4>Results</h4>When modelled as a function of
fat-free-mass, fat-mass, age, and sex, TEE did not differ
between Daasanach communities. Daasanach TEE
(1564-4172 kcal/day) was not significantly correlated with
activity and 91% of TEEs were within the range expected for
individuals from comparison populations. Mean WT did not
differ between Daasanach communities; Daasanach absolute
(7.54 litres/day men; 7.46 litres/day women), mass-adjusted,
and TEE-adjusted WT was higher than most populations
worldwide.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The similar mass-adjusted TEE
of Daasanach and industrialised populations supports the
hypothesis that habitual TEE is constrained, with physically
demanding lifestyles necessitating trade-offs in energy
allocation. Elevated WT in the absence of elevated TEE
likely reflects a demanding active lifestyle in a hot, arid
climate.},
Doi = {10.1080/03014460.2024.2310724},
Key = {fds367946}
}
@article{fds372771,
Author = {Best, AW and McGrosky, A and Swanson, Z and Rimbach, R and McConaughy,
K and McConaughy, J and Ocobock, C and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Total Energy Expenditure and Nutritional Intake in
Continuous Multiday Ultramarathon Events.},
Journal = {International journal of sport nutrition and exercise
metabolism},
Volume = {33},
Number = {6},
Pages = {342-348},
Year = {2023},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0063},
Abstract = {Continuous multiday ultramarathon competitions are
increasingly popular and impose extreme energetic and
nutritional demands on competitors. However, few data have
been published on energy expenditure during these events.
Here, we report doubly labeled water-derived measures of
total energy expenditure (in kilocalories per day) and
estimated physical activity level (PAL: total energy
expenditure/basal metabolic rate) collected from five elite
and subelite finishers (four males and one female, age 34.6
± 4.9 years)-and nutritional intake data from the
winner-of the Cocodona 250, a ∼402-km race in Arizona, and
from a fastest-known-time record (one male, age 30 years)
on the ∼1,315-km Arizona Trail. PAL during these events
exceeded four times basal metabolic rate (Cocodona range:
4.34-6.94; Arizona Trail: 5.63). Combining the results with
other doubly labeled water-derived total energy expenditure
data from ultraendurance events show a strong inverse
relationship between event duration and PAL (r2 = .68, p <
.0001). Cocodona race duration was inversely, though not
significantly, associated with PAL (r2 = .70, p = .08).
Water turnover varied widely between athletes and was not
explained by PAL or body mass. The Cocodona race winner met
∼53% of energy demand via dietary intake, 85.6% of which
was carbohydrate, while ∼47% of energy demand was met via
catabolism of body energy stores. Together, these results
illustrate the energetic deficits incurred during
competitive continuous multiday ultramarathon efforts and
implicate macronutrient absorption and/or storage as key
factors in ultramarathon performance.},
Doi = {10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0063},
Key = {fds372771}
}
@article{fds369977,
Author = {McGrosky, A and Pontzer, H},
Title = {The fire of evolution: energy expenditure and ecology in
primates and other endotherms.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Volume = {226},
Number = {5},
Pages = {jeb245272},
Year = {2023},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.245272},
Abstract = {Total energy expenditure (TEE) represents the total energy
allocated to growth, reproduction and body maintenance, as
well as the energy expended on physical activity. Early
experimental work in animal energetics focused on the costs
of specific tasks (basal metabolic rate, locomotion,
reproduction), while determination of TEE was limited to
estimates from activity budgets or measurements of subjects
confined to metabolic chambers. Advances in recent decades
have enabled measures of TEE in free-living animals,
challenging traditional additive approaches to understanding
animal energy budgets. Variation in lifestyle and activity
level can impact individuals' TEE on short time scales, but
interspecific differences in TEE are largely shaped by
evolution. Here, we review work on energy expenditure across
the animal kingdom, with a particular focus on endotherms,
and examine recent advances in primate energetics. Relative
to other placental mammals, primates have low TEE, which may
drive their slow pace of life and be an evolved response to
the challenges presented by their ecologies and
environments. TEE variation among hominoid primates appears
to reflect adaptive shifts in energy throughput and
allocation in response to ecological pressures. As the
taxonomic breadth and depth of TEE data expand, we will be
able to test additional hypotheses about how energy budgets
are shaped by environmental pressures and explore the more
proximal mechanisms that drive intra-specific variation in
energy expenditure.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.245272},
Key = {fds369977}
}
@article{fds367945,
Author = {Pontzer, H and McGrosky, A},
Title = {Balancing growth, reproduction, maintenance, and activity
in evolved energy economies.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {32},
Number = {12},
Pages = {R709-R719},
Year = {2022},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.05.018},
Abstract = {Economic models predominate in life history research, which
investigates the allocation of an organism's resources to
growth, reproduction, and maintenance. These approaches
typically employ a heuristic Y model of resource allocation,
which predicts trade-offs among tasks within a fixed budget.
The common currency among tasks is not always specified, but
most models imply that metabolic energy, either from food or
body stores, is the critical resource. Here, we review the
evidence for metabolic energy as the common currency of
growth, reproduction, and maintenance, focusing on studies
in humans and other vertebrates. We then discuss the flow of
energy to competing physiological tasks (physical activity,
maintenance, and reproduction or growth) and its effect on
life history traits. We propose a Ψ model of energy flow to
these tasks, which provides an integrative framework for
examining the influence of environmental factors and the
expansion and contraction of energy budgets in the evolution
of life history strategies.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2022.05.018},
Key = {fds367945}
}
@article{fds367947,
Author = {Duque-Correa, MJ and Codron, D and Meloro, C and McGrosky, A and Schiffmann, C and Edwards, MS and Clauss, M},
Title = {Mammalian intestinal allometry, phylogeny, trophic level and
climate.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {288},
Number = {1944},
Pages = {20202888},
Year = {2021},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2888},
Abstract = {An often-stated ecomorphological assumption that has the
status of 'textbook knowledge' is that the dimensions of the
digestive tract correlate with diet, where
herbivores-consuming diets of lower digestibility-have
longer intestinal tracts than faunivores-consuming diets of
higher digestibility. However, statistical approaches have
so far failed to demonstrate this link. Here, we collated
data on the length of intestinal sections and body mass of
519 mammal species, and test for various relationships with
trophic, climatic and other biological characteristics. All
models showed a strong phylogenetic signal. Scaling
relationships with body mass showed positive allometry at
exponents greater than 0.33, except for the caecum, which is
particularly large in smaller species. Body mass was more
tightly linked to small intestine than to large intestine
length. Adding a diet proxy to the relationships increased
model fit for all intestinal sections, except for the small
intestine when accounting for phylogeny. Thus, the diet has
a main effect on the components of the large intestine, with
longer measures in herbivores. Additionally, measures of
habitat aridity had a positive relationship with large
intestine length. The small intestine was longer in species
from colder habitats at higher latitudes, possibly
facilitating the processing of peak intake rates during the
growing season. This study corroborates intuitive
expectations on digestive tract anatomy, while the
dependence of significant results on large sample sizes and
inclusion of specific taxonomic groups indicates that the
relationships cannot be considered fixed biological
laws.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2020.2888},
Key = {fds367947}
}
@article{fds367948,
Author = {Hogg, R and Lacruz, R and Bromage, TG and Dean, MC and Ramirez-Rozzi, F and Girimurugan, SB and McGrosky, A and Schwartz, GT},
Title = {A comprehensive survey of Retzius periodicities in fossil
hominins and great apes.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {149},
Pages = {102896},
Year = {2020},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102896},
Abstract = {Recent studies have provided great insight into hominin life
history evolution by utilizing incremental lines found in
dental tissues to reconstruct and compare the growth records
of extant and extinct humans versus other ape taxa. Among
the hominins, studies that have examined Retzius periodicity
(RP) variation have come to contradictory conclusions in
some instances. To clarify RP variation among hominins and
better place this variation in its broader evolutionary
context, we conduct the most comprehensive analysis of
published RP values for hominins and great apes to date. We
gathered all available data from the literature on RP data
from extant humans, great apes, and fossil hominins and
assessed their variation using parametric and nonparametric
analyses of variance. We also performed phylogenetic
generalized least-squares regressions of RP data for these
taxa as well as a larger set of hominoids for which RP data
have been published against data for body mass,
encephalization, and mean semicircular canal radius (a proxy
for metabolic rate). Our results show that modern humans
have a mean RP significantly differing from that of other
hominins. Pongo also is significantly different from nearly
all other taxa in all analyses. Our results also demonstrate
that RP variation among hominins scales with respect to body
mass, encephalization, and semicircular canal radius
similarly to other hominids but that modern humans and Pongo
stand out in this regard. Operating within the hypothesis
that RP reflects autonomic biorhythms that regulate multiple
life history variables, our results reinforce the idea that
Homo sapiens has evolved a life history distinct from other
hominins, even from other members of Homo, and suggest that
many of these life history differences may be driven by
hypothalamic output from the brain.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102896},
Key = {fds367948}
}
@article{fds367949,
Author = {Schwartz, GT and McGrosky, A and Strait, DS},
Title = {Fracture mechanics, enamel thickness and the evolution of
molar form in hominins.},
Journal = {Biology letters},
Volume = {16},
Number = {1},
Pages = {20190671},
Year = {2020},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0671},
Abstract = {As the tissue most directly responsible for breaking down
food in the oral cavity, the form and function of enamel is
obviously of evolutionary significance in humans, non-human
primates and other vertebrates. Accordingly, a standard
metric, relative enamel thickness (RET), has been used for
many decades to provide insights into vertebrate and human
palaeobiology. Relatively thick enamel has evolved many
times in vertebrates including hominoids (the group to which
living humans and fossil hominins belong), and this pattern
is thought to provide information about taxonomy, phylogeny,
functional anatomy and diet. In particular, relatively thick
enamel is thought to make tooth crowns strong so that they
resist fractures associated with eating mechanically
resistant foods. Here, we use current models of tooth
biomechanics to show that RET is at best only moderately
informative of function and diet in living hominoids and
fossil hominins, and at worst provides misleading
information. We propose a new metric, absolute crown
strength, to assess the resistance of teeth to fracture, and
identify what may be a novel characteristic of tooth
strength in fossil hominins.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2019.0671},
Key = {fds367949}
}
@article{fds367950,
Author = {O'Brien, K and Patterson, DB and Biernat, MD and Braun, DR and Cerling,
TE and McGrosky, A and Faith, JT},
Title = {Ungulate turnover in the Koobi Fora Formation: Spatial and
temporal variation in the Early Pleistocene},
Journal = {Journal of African Earth Sciences},
Volume = {161},
Pages = {103658-103658},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2020},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.103658},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.103658},
Key = {fds367950}
}
@article{fds367951,
Author = {Kelly, MG and Biernat, MD and Mcgrosky, A and Braun, DR and Roach, NT and Pilbeam, DR},
Title = {Sub-regional Variability in East Turkana Mammalian
Communities},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {171},
Pages = {139-140},
Year = {2020},
Key = {fds367951}
}
@article{fds367952,
Author = {Heisler, B and Biernat, M and Mcgrosky, A},
Title = {Relative Faunal Abundance at the KNM-ER 5431 Site in Area
203 of the Koobi Fora Formation},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {171},
Pages = {119-119},
Year = {2020},
Key = {fds367952}
}
@article{fds367953,
Author = {McGrosky, A and Codron, D and Müller, DWH and Navarrete, A and Isler,
K and Hofmann, RR and Clauss, M},
Title = {Gross intestinal morphometry and allometry in
ruminants.},
Journal = {Journal of morphology},
Volume = {280},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1254-1266},
Year = {2019},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21028},
Abstract = {While some descriptions of ruminants' dietary adaptations
suggest that the length of the intestinal tract reflects the
proportion of grass or browse in the diet, this assumption
has been questioned. We collated data on body mass (BM), as
well as small intestine, caecum, colon/rectum, large and
total intestine length in 68 ruminant species, and, while
accounting for the phylogenetic structure of the dataset,
evaluated both allometric scaling and the potential
influence of diet, digestive physiology or climate proxies
on measures of intestine length. Intestinal length generally
scaled to BM at an exponent higher than the 0.33 expected
due to geometry. Diet or digestive physiology proxies did
not have an influence on any intestinal length measures,
though some proxies indicating more arid natural habitats
were positively correlated with measures of the large
intestine. The relative size of a forestomach compartment,
the omasum, was negatively correlated with intestine length.
The results indicate that intestine length measures provide
little indication of feeding type or digestive physiology,
but rather indicate adaptations to aridity.
Higher-than-geometry scaling of intestinal length may be
related to the necessity of maintaining geometric (or
metabolic) scaling of intestinal surface area while keeping
gut diameter, and hence the diffusion distances, small. The
way in which space trade-offs determine the macroanatomy of
different organs in the abdominal cavity, such as the omasum
and the intestine, deserves further investigation.},
Doi = {10.1002/jmor.21028},
Key = {fds367953}
}
@article{fds367164,
Author = {McGrosky, A and Meloro, C and Navarrete, A and Heldstab, SA and Kitchener, AC and Isler, K and Clauss, M},
Title = {Gross intestinal morphometry and allometry in
primates.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {81},
Number = {8},
Pages = {e23035},
Year = {2019},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.23035},
Abstract = {Although it is generally assumed that among mammals and
within mammal groups, those species that rely on diets
consisting of greater amounts of plant fiber have larger
gastrointestinal tracts (GIT), statistical evidence for this
simple claim is largely lacking. We compiled a dataset on
the length of the small intestine, caecum, and colon in 42
strepsirrhine, platyrrhine, and catarrhine primate species,
using specimens with known body mass (BM). We tested the
scaling of intestine length with BM, and whether dietary
proxies (percentage of leaves and a diet quality index) were
significant covariates in these scaling relationships, using
two sets of models: one that did not account for the
phylogenetic structure of the data, and one that did.
Intestine length mainly scaled geometrically at exponents
that included 0.33 in the confidence interval; Strepsirrhini
exhibited particularly long caeca, while those of Catarrhini
were comparatively short. Diet proxies were only significant
for the colon and the total large intestine (but not for the
small intestine or the caecum), and only in conventional
statistics (but not when accounting for phylogeny),
indicating the pattern occurred across but not within
clades. Compared to terrestrial Carnivora, primates have
similar small intestine lengths, but longer large
intestines. The data on intestine lengths presented here
corroborate recent results on GIT complexity, suggesting
that diet, as currently described, does not exhaustively
explain GIT anatomy within primate clades.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.23035},
Key = {fds367164}
}
@article{fds367954,
Author = {Frazier, J and McGrosky, A},
Title = {Life history underpinnings of East Turkana faunal turnover
during the early Pleistocene},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {168},
Pages = {77-78},
Year = {2019},
Key = {fds367954}
}
@article{fds367165,
Author = {McGrosky, A},
Title = {Biology by the Bay.},
Journal = {Evolutionary anthropology},
Volume = {27},
Number = {2},
Pages = {78-79},
Year = {2018},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.21583},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.21583},
Key = {fds367165}
}
@article{fds367955,
Author = {Mcgrosky, A and Schwartz, GT},
Title = {Taking another bite at the apple: a comparative analysis of
incisor form and food mechanical properties in haplorrhine
primates},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {172-172},
Year = {2018},
Key = {fds367955}
}
@article{fds367956,
Author = {O'Brien, K and Mcgrosky, A and Allen, K and Anderson, L and Biernat, M and Braun, DR and Guerrero, A and Hammond, A and Hunter, L and Seckinger, J and Torres, F and Zeller, RB and Patterson, DB and Zerihun,
D},
Title = {Early Pleistocene grassland evolution at East Turkana,
northern Kenya, as indicated by shifting patterns of mesic
and xeric adapted mammals},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {191-191},
Year = {2018},
Key = {fds367956}
}
@article{fds367957,
Author = {Seckinger, JA and Torres, FS and O'Brien, KP and Anderson, L and Mcgrosky, A and Allen, K and Zeller, B and Zerihun, D and Guerrero, A and Biernat, MD and Hunter, LE and Hammond, AS and Patterson, DB and Braun,
DR},
Title = {The paleoecological context of Homo erectus in East
Turkana, northern Kenya between 2.0 and 1.4
Ma},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {246-247},
Year = {2018},
Key = {fds367957}
}
@article{fds367958,
Author = {Allen, KB and Anderson, L and Biernat, M and Guerrero, A and Mcgrosky,
A and O'Brien, K and Sekinger, J and Zeller, B and Zerihun, D and Braun,
DR and Patterson, DB},
Title = {Early Pleistocene ecosystem evolution and heterogeneity at
East Turkana, northern Kenya as indicated by stable carbon
and oxygen isotope data from mammalian enamel},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {9-9},
Year = {2018},
Key = {fds367958}
}
@article{fds367959,
Author = {Mcgrosky, A and Kamilar, JM and Tecot, SE and Schwartz,
GT},
Title = {Comparative aspects of mammalian pituitary gland anatomy and
its usefulness for reconstructing life history},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {58},
Pages = {E375-E375},
Year = {2018},
Key = {fds367959}
}
@article{fds367960,
Author = {McGrosky, A and Kamilar, JM and Tecot, SR and Schwartz,
GT},
Title = {A 'Hypophysis' to Test: Comparative Aspects of Pituitary
Gland Anatomy and its usefulness for Reconstructing Hominin
Life History},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {162},
Pages = {283-283},
Year = {2017},
Key = {fds367960}
}
@article{fds367961,
Author = {McGrosky, A and Navarrete, A and Isler, K and Langer, P and Clauss,
M},
Title = {Gross intestinal morphometry and allometry in
Carnivora},
Journal = {European Journal of Wildlife Research},
Volume = {62},
Number = {4},
Pages = {395-405},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {2016},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10344-016-1011-3},
Doi = {10.1007/s10344-016-1011-3},
Key = {fds367961}
}
@article{fds367962,
Author = {Mcgrosky, A and Smaers, JB},
Title = {Growing a large, social brain: Tying together life history,
behavior, and primate brain evolution},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {153},
Pages = {181-181},
Year = {2014},
Key = {fds367962}
}
%% Moorman, Claude T.
@article{fds332773,
Author = {Kumar, AH and Kim, J and Sadeghi, N and Leversedge, FJ and Moorman, CT and Grant, SA},
Title = {The use of ultrasound imaging for brachial plexus injury
assessment following operative clavicle repair.},
Journal = {Canadian Journal of Anesthesia / Journal canadien
d'anesthésie},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12630-018-1076-4},
Doi = {10.1007/s12630-018-1076-4},
Key = {fds332773}
}
@article{fds333546,
Author = {McNamara, WJ and Matson, AP and Mickelson, DT and Moorman,
CT},
Title = {Surgical Management of Proximal Tibiofibular Joint
Instability Using an Adjustable Loop, Cortical Fixation
Device},
Journal = {Arthroscopy Techniques},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2017.09.003},
Abstract = {© 2018 Arthroscopy Association of North America A technique
for proximal tibiofibular joint stabilization using an
adjustable loop, cortical fixation device is presented. A
standard diagnostic arthroscopy is performed to exclude
intra-articular pathology. After arthroscopy, a 5-cm
posterior-based curvilinear incision is made over the
fibular head with dissection of the fascia and decompression
of the common peroneal nerve ensuring adequate exposure of
the fibular head. A guidewire is placed across 4 cortices
using fluoroscopic guidance from the fibular head to the
anteromedial tibia. A cannulated drill bit is guided through
the 4 cortices. A shuttle wire carrying the adjustable loop,
cortical fixation device is fed from lateral to medial and
through the skin until the medial cortical button is
deployed. The device is tightened until the lateral circular
cortical button is secured on the fibula. Fluoroscopy is
performed to confirm the button position. The device is
secured after tensioning by tying the sutures. To confirm
joint stabilization, a shuck test can be performed. If a
second fixation device is necessary, this procedure can be
repeated distally to the first.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.eats.2017.09.003},
Key = {fds333546}
}
@article{fds330862,
Author = {Grassi, A and Alexiou, K and Amendola, A and Moorman, CT and Samuelsson,
K and Ayeni, OR and Zaffagnini, S and Sell, T},
Title = {Postural stability deficit could predict ankle sprains: a
systematic review.},
Journal = {Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy},
Year = {2017},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-017-4818-x},
Abstract = {To perform a systematic review aimed to determine (1) if the
postural stability deficit represents a risk factor for
ankle sprains; (2) the most effective postural stability
evaluation to predict ankle sprains and (3) eventual
confounding factors that could influence postural stability
and ankle sprain risk.A systematic electronic search was
performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL using the search
terms (balance) OR (postural stability) matched with (lower
limb) OR (ankle) OR (foot) and (sprain) OR (injury) on
October 2 2017. All prospective studies that evaluated
postural stability as risk factor for ankle sprains were
included. The PRISMA Checklist guided the reporting and data
abstraction. Methodological quality of all included papers
was carefully assessed.Fifteen studies were included,
evaluating 2860 individuals. Various assessment tools or
instruments were used to assess postural stability. The
injury incidence ranged from 10 to 34%. Postural stability
deficit was recognized as risk factor for ankle sprain
(OR = 1.22-10.2) in 9 cases [3 out of 3 with Star
Excursion Balance Test (SEBT)]. Among the six studies that
measured the center-of-gravity sway, five were able to
detect worse postural stability in athletes that sustained
an ankle sprain. In nine cases, the measurement of postural
stability did not show any statistical relationship with
ankle sprains (four out of five with examiner evaluation).
In the studies that excluded patients with history of ankle
sprain, postural stability was reported to be a significant
risk factor in five out of six studies.The ultimate role of
postural stability as risk factor for ankle sprains was not
defined, due to the high heterogeneity of results, patient's
populations, sports and methods of postural stability
evaluation. Regarding assessment instruments, measurement of
center-of-gravity sway could detect athletes at risk,
however, standardized tools and protocols are needed to
confirm this finding. The SEBT could be considered a
promising tool that needs further investigation in wider
samples. History of ankle sprains is an important
confounding factor, since it was itself a source of postural
stability impairment and a risk factor for ankle sprains.
These information could guide clinicians in developing
screening programs and design further prospective cohort
studies comparing different evaluation tools.I (systematic
review of prospective prognostic studies).},
Doi = {10.1007/s00167-017-4818-x},
Key = {fds330862}
}
@article{fds329358,
Author = {Coughlin, RP and Oldweiler, A and Mickelson, DT and Moorman,
CT},
Title = {Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Transplant Technique for
Degenerative Joint Disease.},
Journal = {Arthroscopy Techniques},
Volume = {6},
Number = {5},
Pages = {e1761-e1766},
Year = {2017},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2017.06.048},
Abstract = {The treatment of mild to moderate osteoarthritis can be a
challenging problem for orthopaedic surgeons. As new
research and treatment strategies have emerged, stem cell
therapy has risen in popularity for the management of
degenerative joint conditions. In this article, we describe
a stepwise technical approach with tips and pearls to
performing adipose-derived stem cell transplantation for
degenerative joint disease of the knee.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.eats.2017.06.048},
Key = {fds329358}
}
@article{fds327535,
Author = {Liu, B and Lad, NK and Collins, AT and Ganapathy, PK and Utturkar, GM and McNulty, AL and Spritzer, CE and Moorman, CT and Sutter, EG and Garrett,
WE and DeFrate, LE},
Title = {In Vivo Tibial Cartilage Strains in Regions of
Cartilage-to-Cartilage Contact and Cartilage-to-Meniscus
Contact in Response to Walking.},
Journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
Volume = {45},
Number = {12},
Pages = {2817-2823},
Year = {2017},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546517712506},
Abstract = {There are currently limited human in vivo data
characterizing the role of the meniscus in load distribution
within the tibiofemoral joint. Purpose/Hypothesis: The
purpose was to compare the strains experienced in regions of
articular cartilage covered by the meniscus to regions of
cartilage not covered by the meniscus. It was hypothesized
that in response to walking, tibial cartilage covered by the
meniscus would experience lower strains than uncovered
tibial cartilage.Descriptive laboratory study.Magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) of the knees of 8 healthy volunteers
was performed before and after walking on a treadmill. Using
MRI-generated 3-dimensional models of the tibia, cartilage,
and menisci, cartilage thickness was measured in 4 different
regions based on meniscal coverage and compartment: covered
medial, uncovered medial, covered lateral, and uncovered
lateral. Strain was defined as the normalized change in
cartilage thickness before and after activity.Within each
compartment, covered cartilage before activity was
significantly thinner than uncovered cartilage before
activity ( P < .001). After 20 minutes of walking, all 4
regions experienced significant cartilage thickness
decreases ( P < .01). The covered medial region experienced
significantly less strain than the uncovered medial region (
P = .04). No difference in strain was detected between the
covered and uncovered regions in the lateral compartment ( P
= .40).In response to walking, cartilage that is covered by
the meniscus experiences lower strains than uncovered
cartilage in the medial compartment. These findings provide
important baseline information on the relationship between
in vivo tibial compressive strain responses and meniscal
coverage, which is critical to understanding normal meniscal
function.},
Doi = {10.1177/0363546517712506},
Key = {fds327535}
}
@article{fds328868,
Author = {Christopherson, ZR and Kennedy, J and Roskin, D and Moorman,
CT},
Title = {Rehabilitation and Return to Play Following Superior Labral
Anterior to Posterior Repair},
Journal = {Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine},
Volume = {25},
Number = {3},
Pages = {132-144},
Year = {2017},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.otsm.2017.07.002},
Doi = {10.1053/j.otsm.2017.07.002},
Key = {fds328868}
}
@article{fds313184,
Author = {Alentorn-Geli, E and Stuart, JJ and James Choi and JH and Toth, AP and Moorman, CT and Taylor, DC},
Title = {Posterolateral portal tibial tunnel drilling for posterior
cruciate ligament reconstruction: technique and evaluation
of safety and tunnel position.},
Journal = {Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy},
Volume = {25},
Number = {8},
Pages = {2474-2480},
Year = {2017},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0942-2056},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-015-3958-0},
Abstract = {To evaluate the safety for neurovascular structures and
accuracy for tunnel placement of the posterolateral portal
tibial tunnel drilling technique in posterior cruciate
ligament (PCL) reconstruction.Fifteen fresh-frozen human
cadaveric knees were used. The tibial tunnel for the PCL was
created using a flexible reamer from the posterolateral
portal. Then, the flexible pin was left in place, and the
distance from the posterolateral portal, the flexible pin,
and the tibial tunnel to the peroneal nerve and popliteal
artery was measured. Additionally, the distance between the
tibial tunnel and several landmarks related to the PCL
footprint was measured, along with the distance from the
exit point of the flexible pin to the superficial medial
collateral ligament and gracilis tendon.The peroneal nerve
and the popliteal neurovascular bundle were not damaged in
any of the specimens. The median (range) distance in mm from
the peroneal nerve and popliteal artery to the
posterolateral portal and flexible pin was: 52 (40-80) and
50 (40-61), and 35 (26-51) and 22 (16-32), respectively. The
median (range) distance from the tibial tunnel to the
popliteal artery was 21 mm (15-38). The tibial tunnel was
located at a median (range) distance in mm of 3 (2-6), 6
(3-12), 5 (2-7), 4 (1-8), 9 (3-10), 10 (4-19), and 19 (6-24)
to the champagne-glass drop-off, lateral cartilage point,
shiny white fibre point, medial groove, medial meniscus
posterior root, lateral meniscus posterior root, and
posterior aspect of the anterior cruciate ligament,
respectively.The posterolateral portal tibial tunnel
technique is safe relative to neurovascular structures and
creates an anatomically appropriate tibial tunnel location.
The clinical relevance of study is that this technique may
be safely and accurately used in PCL reconstruction to
decrease the risk of neurovascular damage (avoid use of a
posteriorly directed pin), avoid the use of intraoperative
fluoroscopy, and avoid the sharp turn during graft
passage.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00167-015-3958-0},
Key = {fds313184}
}
@article{fds267708,
Author = {Todorich, B and Thanos, A and Yonekawa, Y and Thomas, BJ and Faia, LJ and Chang, E and Shulman, J and Olsen, KR and Blair, MP and Shapiro, MP and Ferrone, P and Vajzovic, L and Toth, CA and Lee, TC and Robinson, J and Hubbard, B and Kondo, H and Besirli, CG and Nudleman, E and Wong, SC and Kusaka, S and Walsh, M and Chan, RVP and Berrocal, A and Caputo, G and Murray, TG and Sears, J and Schunemann, R and Harper, CA and Kychental,
A and Dorta, P and Cernichiaro-Espinosa, LA and Wu, W-C and Campbell,
JP and Martinez-Castellanos, MA and Quiroz-Mercado, H and Hayashi, H and Quiram, P and Amphornphruet, A et al.},
Title = {Correspondence.},
Journal = {Retina},
Volume = {37},
Number = {5},
Pages = {e52-e54},
Year = {2017},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/iae.0000000000001602},
Doi = {10.1097/iae.0000000000001602},
Key = {fds267708}
}
@article{fds322097,
Author = {Liu, B and Goode, AP and Carter, TE and Utturkar, GM and Huebner, JL and Taylor, DC and Moorman, CT and Garrett, WE and Kraus, VB and Guilak, F and DeFrate, LE and McNulty, AL},
Title = {Matrix metalloproteinase activity and prostaglandin E2 are
elevated in the synovial fluid of meniscus tear
patients.},
Journal = {Connective Tissue Research (Informa)},
Volume = {58},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {305-316},
Year = {2017},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03008207.2016.1256391},
Abstract = {Meniscus tears are a common knee injury and are associated
with the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (OA).
The purpose of this study is to evaluate potential OA
mediators in the synovial fluid and serum of meniscus tear
subjects compared to those in the synovial fluid of
radiographic non-OA control knees.Sixteen subjects with an
isolated unilateral meniscus injury and six subjects who
served as reference controls (knee Kellgren-Lawrence grade
0-1) were recruited. Twenty-one biomarkers were measured in
serum from meniscus tear subjects and in synovial fluid from
both groups. Meniscus tear subjects were further stratified
by tear type to assess differences in biomarker
levels.Synovial fluid total matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)
activity and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were increased 25-fold
and 290-fold, respectively, in meniscus tear subjects as
compared to reference controls (p < 0.05). Synovial fluid
MMP activity and PGE2 concentrations were positively
correlated in meniscus tear subjects (R = 0.83, p < 0.0001).
In meniscus tear subjects, synovial fluid levels of MMP
activity, MMP-2, MMP-3, sGAG, COMP, IL-6, and PGE2 were
higher than serum levels (p < 0.05). Subjects with complex
meniscus tears had higher synovial fluid MMP-10 (p < 0.05)
and reduced serum TNFα and IL-8 (p < 0.05) compared to
other tear types.Given the degradative and pro-inflammatory
roles of MMP activity and PGE2, these molecules may alter
the biochemical environment of the joint. Our findings
suggest that modulation of PGE2 signaling, MMP activity, or
both following a meniscus injury may be targets to promote
meniscus repair and prevent OA development.},
Doi = {10.1080/03008207.2016.1256391},
Key = {fds322097}
}
@article{fds325507,
Author = {Boggess, B and Moorman, C},
Title = {Partial Pectoralis Tear Treated With Orthobiologics: A Case
Report.},
Journal = {Current Sports Medicine Reports},
Volume = {16},
Number = {2},
Pages = {74-76},
Year = {2017},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/jsr.0000000000000340},
Doi = {10.1249/jsr.0000000000000340},
Key = {fds325507}
}
@article{fds320761,
Author = {Dale, KM and Bailey, JR and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Surgical Management and Treatment of the Anterior Cruciate
Ligament/Medial Collateral Ligament Injured
Knee.},
Journal = {Clinics in Sports Medicine},
Volume = {36},
Number = {1},
Pages = {87-103},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2016.08.005},
Abstract = {The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is the most commonly
injured ligament of the knee. The anterior cruciate ligament
(ACL) is the most commonly injured ligament in conjunction
with the MCL. Most MCL injuries can be treated
nonoperatively, whereas the ACL often requires
reconstruction. A good physical examination is essential for
diagnosis, whereas radiographs and MRI of the knee confirm
diagnosis and help guide treatment planning. Preoperative
physical therapy should be completed before surgical
management to allow for return of knee range of motion and
an attempt at MCL healing.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.csm.2016.08.005},
Key = {fds320761}
}
@article{fds313185,
Author = {Alentorn-Geli, E and Choi, JHJ and Stuart, JJ and Toth, AP and Garrett,
WE and Taylor, DC and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Inside-Out or Outside-In Suturing Should Not Be Considered
the Standard Repair Method for Radial Tears of the Midbody
of the Lateral Meniscus: A Systematic Review and
Meta-Analysis of Biomechanical Studies.},
Journal = {The journal of knee surgery},
Volume = {29},
Number = {7},
Pages = {604-612},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1538-8506},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1570113},
Abstract = {The purpose was to evaluate which meniscal repair technique
for radial tears of the midbody of the lateral meniscus
demonstrates the best biomechanical properties. An
electronic literature search was conducted using PubMed,
EMBASE, CINAHL, and ScienceDirect databases. Biomechanical
studies investigating the repair characteristics of radial
tears in the midbody of the lateral meniscus were included.
After appropriate screening, a total of 54 studies were
reviewed in detail (full text), and 6 met inclusion
criteria. The most common cause of exclusion was the
investigation of longitudinal tears. Only two studies could
be meta-analyzed. Stiffness was significantly higher for
all-inside compared with inside-out repair techniques
(p = 0.0009). No significant differences were observed
between both suture methods for load to failure
(p = 0.45). However, both studies used different
all-inside devices and suture constructs. No clear
conclusions can be drawn from the comparison of both types
of repairs for displacement, site of failure, or contact
pressure changes. Overall, there are no conclusive data to
suggest that inside-out or outside-in suture repair has
better load to failure or stiffness, less displacement, or
different site of failure compared with all-inside repair.
According to biomechanical data, it is under surgeon's
preference to elect one repair technique over the
other.},
Doi = {10.1055/s-0035-1570113},
Key = {fds313185}
}
@article{fds320762,
Author = {Lad, NK and Liu, B and Ganapathy, PK and Utturkar, GM and Sutter, EG and Moorman, CT and Garrett, WE and Spritzer, CE and DeFrate,
LE},
Title = {Effect of normal gait on in vivo tibiofemoral cartilage
strains.},
Journal = {Journal of Biomechanics},
Volume = {49},
Number = {13},
Pages = {2870-2876},
Year = {2016},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.06.025},
Abstract = {Altered cartilage loading is believed to be associated with
osteoarthritis development. However, there are limited data
regarding the influence of normal gait, an essential daily
loading activity, on cartilage strains. In this study, 8
healthy subjects with no history of knee surgery or injury
underwent magnetic resonance imaging of a single knee prior
to and following a 20-min walking activity at approximately
1.1m/s. Bone and cartilage surfaces were segmented from
these images and compiled into 3-dimensional models of the
tibia, femur, and associated cartilage. Thickness changes
were measured across a grid of evenly spaced points spanning
the models of the articular surfaces. Averaged compartmental
strains and local strains were then calculated. Overall
compartmental strains after the walking activity were found
to be significantly different from zero in all four
tibiofemoral compartments, with tibial cartilage strain
being significantly larger than femoral cartilage strain.
These results provide baseline data regarding the normal
tibiofemoral cartilage strain response to gait.
Additionally, the technique employed in this study has
potential to be used as a "stress test" to understand how
factors including age, weight, and injury influence
tibiofemoral cartilage strain response, essential
information in the development of potential treatment
strategies for the prevention of osteoarthritis.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.06.025},
Key = {fds320762}
}
@article{fds313183,
Author = {Burke, CJ and Grimm, LJ and Boyle, MJ and Moorman, CT and Hash,
TW},
Title = {Imaging of Proximal Tibiofibular Joint Instability: A 10
year retrospective case series.},
Journal = {Clinical Imaging},
Volume = {40},
Number = {3},
Pages = {470-476},
Year = {2016},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0899-7071},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinimag.2015.12.011},
Abstract = {Detail the imaging findings in patients with proximal
tibiofibular instability treated with surgical
stabilization.Retrospective analysis of preoperative imaging
in patients with clinically confirmed tibiofibular
instability.Operative fixation of the 16 patients was as
follows: 11 using a fiberwire suture construct and 5 using
screw fixation. Proximal tibiofibular ligamentous
abnormalities were present in 100% of acute (< 6 months) and
85.7% of chronic (>6 months) instability cases who underwent
MRI.MRI is sensitive in the evaluation of tibiofibular
ligamentous integrity in proximal tibiofibular instability.
Chronic instability should be considered in younger adults
with isolated tibiofibular osteoarthritis.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.clinimag.2015.12.011},
Key = {fds313183}
}
@article{fds319299,
Author = {Queen, RM and Vap, A and Moorman, CT and Jr, GWE and Butler,
RJ},
Title = {Gender Differences in Plantar Loading During an
Unanticipated Side Cut on FieldTurf},
Journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
Volume = {26},
Number = {2},
Pages = {157-161},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000000205},
Doi = {10.1097/JSM.0000000000000205},
Key = {fds319299}
}
@article{fds313186,
Author = {Best, TM and Moore, B and Jarit, P and Moorman, CT and Lewis,
GK},
Title = {Sustained acoustic medicine: wearable, long duration
ultrasonic therapy for the treatment of tendinopathy.},
Journal = {The Physician and sportsmedicine},
Volume = {43},
Number = {4},
Pages = {366-374},
Year = {2015},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0091-3847},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2015.1095617},
Abstract = {The effectiveness of sustained acoustic medicine to
alleviate pain and improve function in subjects with elbow
or Achilles tendinopathy was evaluated through a level IV
case series study. Subjects were trained to self-apply the
wearable, long-duration, low-intensity ultrasonic device on
their affected body part at home for 4 hours a day, at least
5 times per week over 6 weeks. Twenty-five subjects with
clinician-diagnosed tendinopathy of the elbow (medial or
lateral epicondyle) or Achilles tendon were enrolled.Pain
measurements were recorded before, during, and after daily
intervention using an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS).
Function of the injured limb was assessed biweekly using
dynamometry. Repeated measures ANOVAs and paired-samples
t-tests were used to examine the effect of treatment over
time.Among subjects with elbow tendinopathy (n = 20), a 3.94
± 2.15 point reduction in pain (p = 0.002) was observed
over the 6-week study and a 2.83 ± 5.52 kg improvement in
grip strength (p = 0.04) was observed over the first two
weeks. In addition, a significant reduction in pain was
observed within the 4-h treatment sessions (p < 0.001).
Among 5 subjects with Achilles tendinopathy, a reduction in
pain and improvement in strength was also observed.Daily
multi-hour ultrasonic therapy was associated with improved
pain and increased function in subjects with chronic tendon
injuries. This trial showed the safety and feasibility of
self-administration of sustained acoustic medicine, and
suggests that this therapy may be clinically beneficial in
the treatment of tendinopathies of the elbow and Achilles
tendon. A randomized controlled trial appears warranted to
more definitively investigate the therapeutic potential of
this treatment modality. Registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov,
NCT02466308.},
Doi = {10.1080/00913847.2015.1095617},
Key = {fds313186}
}
@article{fds291800,
Author = {Alentorn-Geli, E and Stuart, JJ and Choi, JHJ and Toth, AP and Moorman,
CT and Taylor, DC},
Title = {Inside-Out Antegrade Tibial Tunnel Drilling Through the
Posterolateral Portal Using a Flexible Reamer in Posterior
Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.},
Journal = {Arthroscopy Techniques},
Volume = {4},
Number = {5},
Pages = {e537-e544},
Year = {2015},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {2212-6287},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2015.05.016},
Abstract = {Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction using the
transtibial drilling or arthroscopic tibial-inlay technique
has a risk of injury to the popliteal neurovascular bundle
because a pin is drilled anterior to posterior.
Intraoperative fluoroscopy is used to decrease the risk of
neurovascular injury. In addition, graft passage in the
transtibial technique may be problematic because of a sharp
turn when placing the graft into the tibial tunnel, which
may damage graft fibers. In the surgical technique described
in this report, the posteromedial portal is used for
visualization and the posterolateral portal is used for
debridement of the PCL tibial footprint and the synovial
fold closest to the PCL. A curved guide is placed from the
posterolateral portal to the tibial footprint, and a
flexible pin is drilled across the tibia. The tibial tunnel
is then created using a flexible reamer under direct
visualization up to the desired length, and a graft can be
positioned in the tibial tunnel through the posterolateral
portal. This technique has the potential advantages of
decreasing the risk of injury to the popliteal neurovascular
bundle (use of anteriorly directed, inside-out drilling),
avoiding a sharp turn during graft passage, and allowing
accurate and anatomic tibial tunnel placement without
intraoperative fluoroscopy.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.eats.2015.05.016},
Key = {fds291800}
}
@article{fds267683,
Author = {Mayer, SW and Queen, RM and Taylor, D and Moorman, CT and Toth, AP and Garrett, WE and Butler, RJ},
Title = {Functional Testing Differences in Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Reconstruction Patients Released Versus Not Released to
Return to Sport.},
Journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
Volume = {43},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1648-1655},
Year = {2015},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0363-5465},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546515578249},
Abstract = {No standardized return-to-activity or sport guidelines
currently exist after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
reconstruction. Isokinetic testing and unilateral hop
testing, which have construct validity, are often used to
make the determination of when a patient is ready to return
to sport. Neither of these measures has been reported to be
predictive of subsequent injuries.To compare the performance
on 2 functional tests of ACL reconstruction patients
released to return to activity versus those who have not
been released based on clinical impairment measures.Cohort
study; Level of evidence, 3.A total of 98 patients were
examined by the treating orthopaedic surgeon 6 months after
ACL reconstruction for traditional impairment measures,
including swelling, range of motion, strength, and graft
stability. After this examination, all subjects completed
the functional testing, consisting of the Functional
Movement Screen (FMS) and the Lower Quarter Y Balance Test
(YBT-LQ), by an experienced tester who was blinded to the
results of the clinical examination. On the basis of the
clinical examination, all patients were grouped as being
ready to return to sport or not being ready. Performance on
the functional tests, as measured by overall performance and
side-to-side asymmetry, was compared between the 2 groups
using independent-samples t tests (P < .05).No difference
existed between the groups with regard to the descriptive
characteristics, with the exception that the group not
cleared was younger (21.0 ± 7.4 years) than the group that
was cleared (25.6 ± 13.2 years). Performance on the YBT-LQ
revealed that no differences existed between groups when
examining reach symmetry for any of the reach directions. In
addition, no differences were found between groups when
looking at the average reach score normalized to limb length
for either the surgical or nonsurgical leg. Patients in the
cleared group exhibited a similar score on the FMS (12.7 ±
2.9) compared with the noncleared group (12.8 ± 2.7).
Similarly, no differences were observed for the number of
asymmetries; however, both groups averaged 1 asymmetry
during the testing.Clinical impairment measures do not
appear to be related to measured functional ability.
Performance on both functional tests, the FMS and YBT-LQ, at
6 months would suggest that the typical patient in both
groups would be at a greater risk of lower extremity injury,
based on currently published research.},
Doi = {10.1177/0363546515578249},
Key = {fds267683}
}
@book{fds304079,
Author = {Moorman, CT and Kirkendall, DT},
Title = {Sports Medicine for the Orthopaedic Resident},
Publisher = {World Scientific Publishing Co.},
Year = {2015},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds304079}
}
@article{fds304080,
Author = {Alentorn, E and Stuart, J and Choi, J and Moorman,
CT},
Title = {Collateral Ligament Injuries},
Journal = {Orthopaedic Knowledge Update: Specialty Series},
Year = {2015},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds304080}
}
@article{fds304081,
Author = {Grier, J and Butler, R and Moorman, CT and Garrett, WE and Silverstein,
J and Queen, R},
Title = {Sex Specific Kinematic Differences in collegiate soccer
athletes during three soccer kicking tasks},
Journal = {Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in
Sports},
Year = {2015},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds304081}
}
@article{fds304082,
Author = {Hash, T and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Imaging of Proximal Tibiofibular Joint Instability with
Emphasis on MRI Features},
Journal = {American Journal of Radiology},
Year = {2015},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds304082}
}
@article{fds267684,
Author = {Carter, TE and Taylor, KA and Spritzer, CE and Utturkar, GM and Taylor,
DC and Moorman, CT and Garrett, WE and Guilak, F and McNulty, AL and DeFrate, LE},
Title = {In vivo cartilage strain increases following medial meniscal
tear and correlates with synovial fluid matrix
metalloproteinase activity.},
Journal = {Journal of Biomechanics},
Volume = {48},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1461-1468},
Year = {2015},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0021-9290},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.02.030},
Abstract = {Meniscal tears are common injuries, and while partial
meniscectomy is a frequent treatment option, general
meniscus loss is a risk factor for the development of
osteoarthritis. The goal of this study was to measure the in
vivo tibiofemoral cartilage contact patterns in patients
with meniscus tears in relation to biomarkers of cartilage
catabolism in the synovial fluid of these joints. A
combination of magnetic resonance imaging and biplanar
fluoroscopy was used to determine the in vivo motion and
cartilage contact mechanics of the knee. Subjects with
isolated medial meniscus tears were analyzed while
performing a quasi-static lunge, and the contralateral
uninjured knee was used as a control. Synovial fluid was
collected from the injured knee and matrix metalloproteinase
(MMP) activity, sulfated glycosaminoglycan, cartilage
oligomeric matrix protein, prostaglandin E2, and the
collagen type II cleavage biomarker C2C were measured.
Contact strain in the medial compartment increased
significantly in the injured knees compared to contralateral
control knees. In the lateral compartment, the contact
strain in the injured knee was significantly increased only
at the maximum flexion angle (105°). The average cartilage
strain at maximum flexion positively correlated with total
MMP activity in the synovial fluid. These findings show that
meniscal injury leads to loss of normal joint function and
increased strain of the articular cartilage, which
correlated to elevated total MMP activity in the synovial
fluid. The increased strain and total MMP activity may
reflect, or potentially contribute to, the early development
of osteoarthritis that is observed following meniscal
injury.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.02.030},
Key = {fds267684}
}
@article{fds267668,
Author = {Koehler, R and John, T and Lawler, J and Moorman, C and Nicandri,
G},
Title = {Arthroscopic training resources in orthopedic resident
education.},
Journal = {The journal of knee surgery},
Volume = {28},
Number = {1},
Pages = {67-74},
Year = {2015},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1538-8506},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1368142},
Abstract = {The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of
use, perceived effectiveness, and preference for
arthroscopic surgical skill training resources. An
electronic survey was sent to orthopedics residents,
residency program directors, and orthopedic sports medicine
attending physicians in the United States. The frequency and
perceived effectiveness of 10 types of adjunctive
arthroscopic skills training was assessed. Residents and
faculty members were asked to rate their confidence in
resident ability to perform common arthroscopic procedures.
Surveys were completed by 40 of 152 (26.3%) orthopedic
residency program directors, 70 of 426 (16.4%) sports
medicine faculty, and 235 of 3,170 (7.4%) orthopedic
residents. The use of adjunctive methods of training varied
from only 9.8% of programs with virtual reality training to
80.5% of programs that used reading of published materials
to develop arthroscopic skill. Practice on cadaveric
specimens was viewed as the most effective and preferred
adjunctive method of training. Residents trained on
cadaveric specimens reported increased confidence in their
ability to perform arthroscopic procedures. The resources
for developing arthroscopic surgical skill vary considerably
across orthopedic residency programs in the United States.
Adjunctive training methods were perceived to be effective
at supplementing traditional training in the operating
room.},
Doi = {10.1055/s-0034-1368142},
Key = {fds267668}
}
@misc{fds267667,
Author = {Gersh, BJ},
Title = {Foreword},
Pages = {v-vi},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9781447149569},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4956-9},
Doi = {10.1007/978-1-4471-4956-9},
Key = {fds267667}
}
@misc{fds267663,
Author = {Godin, JA and Stabile, KJ and Moorman, CT},
Title = {The Role of Osteotomy in the Treatment of Posterior Cruciate
Ligament (PCL) Injuries},
Booktitle = {Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries},
Publisher = {Springer International Publishing Switzerland},
Editor = {Fanelli, GC},
Year = {2015},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12072-0_22},
Doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-12072-0_22},
Key = {fds267663}
}
@article{fds267685,
Author = {Faltus, J and Mullenix, K and Moorman, CT and Beatty, K and Easley,
ME},
Title = {Case series of first metatarsophalangeal joint injuries in
division 1 college athletes.},
Journal = {Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach},
Volume = {6},
Number = {6},
Pages = {519-526},
Year = {2014},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1941-7381},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738114527546},
Abstract = {Injuries of the first metatarsophalangeal (hallux MP) joint
can be debilitating in the athletic population. Turf toe and
plantar plate injuries are typically diagnosed similarly.
However, variance in injury mechanism as well as compromised
integrity of soft tissue and ligamentous structures make it
difficult to accurately diagnose specific hallux MP
injuries. Recent literature has supported the use of both
radiographic imaging and the Lachman test as reliable
indicators of joint instability in the presence of hallux MP
injuries. To date, research supporting specific
rehabilitation interventions and return-to-play decision
making for hallux MP injuries has been limited to case
studies and suggested guidelines from literature reviews.
There is limited evidence suggesting specific criteria for
surgical and nonsurgical decision making in conjunction with
rehabilitation progressions to return an athlete to sport
when managing hallux MP injuries.A literature search was
performed using Medline, PubMed, and Google Scholar to find
and review articles from 1970 to 2013 that addressed the
basic anatomy of the plantar plate, injuries to this
anatomical structure, and the evaluation, diagnosis,
surgical and nonsurgical management, and rehabilitation of
these injuries, specifically in the athletic population.
Medical information for each case was gathered from
electronic medical records from the individual athletes
cited in this case series, which included imaging reports,
rehabilitation documentation, and both evaluation and
surgical reports. No statistical analysis was used.Case
series.Level 4.Treatment plans for each case varied
depending on surgical and nonsurgical intervention and
rehabilitation outcomes. However, each athlete was able to
return to sports-specific activities.Successful outcomes for
hallux MP injuries are contingent on thorough evaluation,
appropriate clinical decision making with regard to surgical
versus nonsurgical treatment planning, and a
multidisciplinary team approach for ensuring a safe return
to sport.C.},
Doi = {10.1177/1941738114527546},
Key = {fds267685}
}
@article{fds267691,
Author = {Anderson, JA and Little, D and Toth, AP and Moorman, CT and Tucker, BS and Ciccotti, MG and Guilak, F},
Title = {Stem cell therapies for knee cartilage repair: the current
status of preclinical and clinical studies.},
Journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
Volume = {42},
Number = {9},
Pages = {2253-2261},
Year = {2014},
Month = {September},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24220016},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Articular cartilage damage of the knee is
common, causing significant morbidity worldwide. Many adult
tissues contain cells that are able to differentiate into
multiple cell types, including chondrocytes. These stem
cells have gained significant attention over the past decade
and may become frontline management for cartilage defects in
the very near future. PURPOSE: The role of stem cells in the
treatment of knee osteochondral defects was reviewed. Recent
animal and clinical studies were reviewed to determine the
benefits and potential outcomes of using stem cells for
cartilage defects. STUDY DESIGN: Literature review. METHODS:
A PubMed search was undertaken. The key phrase "stem cells
and knee" was used. The search included reviews and original
articles over an unlimited time period. From this search,
articles outlining animal and clinical trials were selected.
A search of current clinical trials in progress was
performed on the clinicaltrials.gov website, and "stem cells
and knee" was used as the search phrase. RESULTS: Stem cells
have been used in many recent in vitro and animal studies. A
number of cell-based approaches for cartilage repair have
progressed from preclinical animal studies into clinical
trials. CONCLUSION: The use of stem cells for the treatment
of cartilage defects is increasing in animal and clinical
studies. Methods of delivery of stem cells to the knee's
cartilage vary from direct injection to implantation with
scaffolds. While these approaches are highly promising,
there is currently limited evidence of a direct clinical
benefit, and further research is required to assess the
overall outcome of stem cell therapies for knee cartilage
repair.},
Doi = {10.1177/0363546513508744},
Key = {fds267691}
}
@article{fds267687,
Author = {Butler, RJ and Myers, HS and Black, D and Kiesel, KB and Plisky, PJ and Moorman, CT and Queen, RM},
Title = {Bilateral differences in the upper quarter function of high
school aged baseball and softball players.},
Journal = {International journal of sports physical
therapy},
Volume = {9},
Number = {4},
Pages = {518-524},
Year = {2014},
Month = {August},
Abstract = {The Upper Quarter Y Balance Test (YBT-UQ) was developed as a
way to identify upper extremity and trunk mobility in the
open kinetic chain in the reaching limb as well as midrange
limitations and asymmetries of upper extremity and core
stability in the closed kinetic chain on the stabilizing
limb. Performance on the YBT-UQ is similar between genders
and between limbs; however, this has not been examined in
athletes who participate in sports that result in upper
extremity asymmetries. The primary purpose of this study is
to determine if differences exist between the throwing vs.
non-throwing sides in high-school baseball and softball
athletes on the YBT-UQ.In order to complete this forty-eight
male high school baseball players and seventeen female high
school softball players were tested on the YBT-UQ. Reach
distances were normalized to arm length (% AL). Comparisons
were made between the throwing (T) and non-throwing (NT) arm
for each direction as well as the composite score.No
significant differences were observed between the T and NT
arm for the medial (NT: 98.4 ± 8.6 %AL, T: 99.1 ± 8.6 %AL,
p=0.42), inferolateral (NT: 90.8 ± 11.8 %AL, T: 90.3 ±
11.5 %AL, p =0.61), superolateral (NT: 70.6 ± 10.9 %AL, T:
70.4 ± 11.1 % AL, p=0.91) reaches, or the composite score
(NT: 87.2 ± 8.9 % AL, T: 86.6 ± 8.1 %AL, p=0.72).
Similarly, no differences were observed between the male
baseball and female softball players (p=0.30-0.90).Based on
these findings, it was concluded that there was no
difference in performance on the YBT-UQ between throwing and
non-throwing limbs in high school baseball and softball
players.3.},
Key = {fds267687}
}
@article{fds267686,
Author = {Butler, RJ and Laver, L and Garrett, WE and Taylor, D and Moorman, CT and Queen, RM},
Title = {Effect of Meniscal Injury on Functional Performance Testing
following ACL Rehabilitation},
Journal = {Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise},
Volume = {46},
Number = {5},
Pages = {209-209},
Year = {2014},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0195-9131},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000339115901244&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1249/01.mss.0000493810.32487.d0},
Key = {fds267686}
}
@article{fds320763,
Author = {Daruwalla, JH and Xerogeanes, JW and Greis, PE and Hancock, RE and Kaplan, LD and Hatch, GF and Spindler, KP and Johnson, DL and McCarty,
EC and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Rates and Determinants of Return to Play after Anterior
Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Division 1 College
Football Athletes: A Study of the ACC, SEC, and
PAC-12},
Journal = {Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine},
Volume = {2},
Number = {3_suppl},
Pages = {2325967114S0000-2325967114S0000},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967114S00007},
Doi = {10.1177/2325967114S00007},
Key = {fds320763}
}
@article{fds267690,
Author = {Okafor, EC and Utturkar, GM and Widmyer, MR and Abebe, ES and Collins,
AT and Taylor, DC and Spritzer, CE and Moorman, CT and Garrett, WE and DeFrate, LE},
Title = {The effects of femoral graft placement on cartilage
thickness after anterior cruciate ligament
reconstruction.},
Journal = {Journal of Biomechanics},
Volume = {47},
Number = {1},
Pages = {96-101},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24210473},
Abstract = {Altered joint motion has been thought to be a contributing
factor in the long-term development of osteoarthritis after
ACL reconstruction. While many studies have quantified knee
kinematics after ACL injury and reconstruction, there is
limited in vivo data characterizing the effects of altered
knee motion on cartilage thickness distributions. Thus, the
objective of this study was to compare cartilage thickness
distributions in two groups of patients with ACL
reconstruction: one group in which subjects received a
non-anatomic reconstruction that resulted in abnormal joint
motion and another group in which subjects received an
anatomically placed graft that more closely restored normal
knee motion. Ten patients with anatomic graft placement
(mean follow-up: 20 months) and 12 patients with
non-anatomic graft placement (mean follow-up: 18 months)
were scanned using high-resolution MR imaging. These images
were used to generate 3D mesh models of both knees of each
patient. The operative and contralateral knee models were
registered to each other and a grid sampling system was used
to make site-specific comparisons of cartilage thickness.
Patients in the non-anatomic graft placement group
demonstrated a significant decrease in cartilage thickness
along the medial intercondylar notch in the operative knee
relative to the intact knee (8%). In the anatomic graft
placement group, no significant changes were observed. These
findings suggest that restoring normal knee motion after ACL
injury may help to slow the progression of degeneration.
Therefore, graft placement may have important implications
on the development of osteoarthritis after ACL
reconstruction.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.10.003},
Key = {fds267690}
}
@article{fds267698,
Author = {Widmyer, MR and Utturkar, GM and Leddy, HA and Coleman, JL and Spritzer,
CE and Moorman, CT and DeFrate, LE and Guilak, F},
Title = {High body mass index is associated with increased diurnal
strains in the articular cartilage of the
knee.},
Journal = {Arthritis and Rheumatism},
Volume = {65},
Number = {10},
Pages = {2615-2622},
Year = {2013},
Month = {October},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23818303},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Obesity is an important risk factor for
osteoarthritis (OA) and is associated with changes in both
the biomechanical and inflammatory environments within the
joint. However, the relationship between obesity and
cartilage deformation is not fully understood. The goal of
this study was to determine the effects of body mass index
(BMI) on the magnitude of diurnal cartilage strain in the
knee. METHODS: Three-dimensional maps of knee cartilage
thickness were developed from 3T magnetic resonance images
of the knees of asymptomatic age- and sex-matched subjects
with normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m2) or high BMI (25-31 kg/m2).
Site-specific magnitudes of diurnal cartilage strain were
determined using aligned images recorded at 8:00 AM and 4:00
PM on the same day. RESULTS: Subjects with high BMI had
significantly thicker cartilage on both the patella and
femoral groove, as compared to subjects with normal BMI.
Diurnal cartilage strains were dependent on location in the
knee joint, as well as BMI. Subjects with high BMI, compared
to those with normal BMI, exhibited significantly higher
compressive strains in the tibial cartilage. Cartilage
thickness on both femoral condyles decreased significantly
from the AM to the PM time point; however, there was no
significant effect of BMI on diurnal cartilage strain in the
femur. CONCLUSION: Increased BMI is associated with
increased diurnal strains in articular cartilage of both the
medial and lateral compartments of the knee. The increased
cartilage strains observed in individuals with high BMI may,
in part, explain the elevated risk of OA associated with
obesity or may reflect alterations in the cartilage
mechanical properties in subjects with high
BMI.},
Doi = {10.1002/art.38062},
Key = {fds267698}
}
@article{fds267697,
Author = {Mook, WR and Ligh, CA and Moorman, CT and Leversedge,
FJ},
Title = {Nerve injury complicating multiligament knee injury: current
concepts and treatment algorithm.},
Journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic
Surgeons},
Volume = {21},
Number = {6},
Pages = {343-354},
Year = {2013},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1067-151X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23728959},
Abstract = {Multiligament knee injuries account for <0.02% of all
orthopaedic injuries, and 16% to 40% of these patients
suffer associated injury to the common peroneal nerve (CPN).
The proximity of the CPN to the proximal fibula predisposes
the nerve to injury during local trauma and dislocation; the
nerve is highly vulnerable to stretch injury during varus
stress, particularly in posterolateral corner injuries. CPN
injuries have a poor prognosis compared with that of other
peripheral nerve injuries. Management is determined based on
the severity and location of nerve injury, timing of
presentation, associated injuries requiring surgical
management, and the results of serial clinical evaluations
and electrodiagnostic studies. Nonsurgical treatment options
include orthosis wear and physical therapy. Surgical
management includes one or more of the following:
neurolysis, primary nerve repair, intercalary nerve
grafting, tendon transfer, and nerve transfer. Limited
evidence supports the use of early one-stage nerve
reconstruction combined with tendon transfer; however,
optimal management of these rare injuries continues to
change, and treatment should be individualized.},
Doi = {10.5435/JAAOS-21-06-343},
Key = {fds267697}
}
@article{fds267696,
Author = {Moorman, CT and Siparsky, PN and St Pierre and P},
Title = {AC separation in a concert violinist.},
Journal = {Orthopedics},
Volume = {36},
Number = {5},
Pages = {376-377},
Year = {2013},
Month = {May},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23672895},
Doi = {10.3928/01477447-20130426-08},
Key = {fds267696}
}
@article{fds267762,
Author = {Coleman, JL and Widmyer, MR and Leddy, HA and Utturkar, GM and Spritzer,
CE and Moorman, CT and Guilak, F and DeFrate, LE},
Title = {Diurnal variations in articular cartilage thickness and
strain in the human knee.},
Journal = {Journal of Biomechanics},
Volume = {46},
Number = {3},
Pages = {541-547},
Year = {2013},
Month = {February},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23102493},
Abstract = {Due to the biphasic viscoelastic nature of cartilage, joint
loading may result in deformations that require times on the
order of hours to fully recover. Thus, cartilaginous tissues
may exhibit cumulative strain over the course of each day.
The goal of this study was to assess the magnitude and
spatial distribution of strain in the articular cartilage of
the knee with daily activity. Magnetic resonance (MR) images
of 10 asymptomatic subjects (six males and four females)
with mean age of 29 years were obtained at 8:00 AM and 4:00
PM on the same day using a 3T magnet. These images were used
to create 3D models of the femur, tibia, and patella from
which cartilage thickness distributions were quantified.
Cartilage thickness generally decreased from AM to PM in all
areas except the patellofemoral groove and was associated
with significant compressive strains in the medial condyle
and tibial plateau. From AM to PM, cartilage of the medial
tibial plateau exhibited a compressive strain of -5.1±1.0%
(mean±SEM) averaged over all locations, while strains in
the lateral plateau were slightly lower (-3.1±0.6%).
Femoral cartilage showed an average strain of -1.9±0.6%.
The findings of this study show that human knee cartilage
undergoes diurnal changes in strain that vary with site in
the joint. Since abnormal joint loading can be detrimental
to cartilage homeostasis, these data provide a baseline for
future studies investigating the effects of altered
biomechanics on diurnal cartilage strains and cartilage
physiology.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.09.013},
Key = {fds267762}
}
@misc{fds267665,
Author = {Adams, SM and Hamming, MG and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Lateral and Posterolateral Corner Injuries of the
Knee},
Booktitle = {DeLee, Drez & Miller’s Orthopaedic Sports Medicine:
Principles and Practice},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds267665}
}
@article{fds267695,
Author = {Riboh, JC and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Authors' response.},
Journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
Volume = {41},
Number = {2},
Pages = {NP8-NP9},
Year = {2013},
ISSN = {1552-3365},
Key = {fds267695}
}
@article{fds267699,
Author = {Ilahi, OA and Riboh, JC and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Shortcuts in arthroscopic knot tying: Letter to the
editor},
Journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
Volume = {41},
Number = {2},
Pages = {NP8-NP9},
Year = {2013},
ISSN = {0363-5465},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546512473732},
Doi = {10.1177/0363546512473732},
Key = {fds267699}
}
@article{fds267688,
Author = {Liu, H and Garrett, WE and Moorman, CT and Yu, B},
Title = {Injury rate, mechanism, and risk factors of hamstring strain
injuries in sports: A review of the literature},
Journal = {Journal of sport and health science},
Volume = {1},
Number = {2},
Pages = {92-101},
Year = {2012},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {2095-2546},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2012.07.003},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jshs.2012.07.003},
Key = {fds267688}
}
@article{fds267751,
Author = {Riboh, JC and Heckman, DS and Glisson, RR and Moorman,
CT},
Title = {Shortcuts in arthroscopic knot tying: do they affect knot
and loop security?},
Journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
Volume = {40},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1572-1577},
Year = {2012},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22582226},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Shortcuts for throwing 3 alternating reversed
half-hitches on alternating posts (RHAPs), in which the post
is switched by alternating strand tension to "flip" the
knot, have been advocated but never validated in a
biomechanical study. HYPOTHESIS: Shortcut tying techniques
will affect knot security or loop security. STUDY DESIGN:
Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: A single surgeon tied
90 knots using No. 2 FiberWire through an arthroscopic
cannula. Half had a static "surgeon's base," and half had a
Tennessee slider base. Three techniques were used to create
3 RHAPs: (1) rethreading, (2) knot "flipping" where
half-hitches were tensioned by past-pointing, and (3) knot
"flipping" where half-hitches were tensioned by alternating
past-pointing and over-pointing. Each knot was subjected to
a preload of 5 N, followed by 1000 cycles of 5 N to 45 N at
1 Hz, and a single load to failure. RESULTS: When compared
with Tennessee knots, surgeon's knots had a lower incidence
of knot slippage and catastrophic failure as well as higher
loads to clinical and ultimate failure. Shortcut techniques
did not affect the properties of surgeon's knots. However,
when used to secure Tennessee knots, past-pointing decreased
load to clinical failure and ultimate load to failure.
Over-pointing increased the incidence of knot slippage and
catastrophic failure and decreased load to clinical failure
and ultimate load to failure. Loop security was marginally
increased by both past-pointing and over-pointing.
CONCLUSION: When all tying techniques are considered,
surgeon's knots outperform Tennessee sliding knots. Shortcut
techniques do not alter the properties of surgeon's knots.
However, when used to secure Tennessee sliding knots,
shortcuts lead to unacceptably high rates of knot slippage
and catastrophic failure as well as decreased knot security.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The outcomes of arthroscopic rotator
cuff or labral repairs can be compromised when using
shortcut tying methods to secure sliding Tennessee
knots.},
Doi = {10.1177/0363546512446676},
Key = {fds267751}
}
@article{fds267700,
Author = {Irwin, C and Butler, RJ and III, MCT and Jr, GWE and Queen,
RM},
Title = {Gender Differences in Plantar Loading During Unanticipated
Cutting on FieldTurf},
Journal = {Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise},
Volume = {44},
Number = {2},
Pages = {473-473},
Year = {2012},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0195-9131},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000310363302705&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {To determine whether force-time integral (FTI) and maximum
force (MF) are significantly different between genders when
performing an unanticipated side cut on FieldTurf.Thirty-two
collegiate athletes (16 men and 16 women) completed 12
unanticipated cutting trials, while plantar pressure data
were recorded using Pedar-X insoles.Controlled Laboratory
Study.Division I cleated sport athletes with no previous
foot and ankle surgery, no history of lower extremity injury
in the past 6 months, and no history of metatarsal stress
fracture.None.Maximum force and the FTI in the total foot,
medial midfoot (MMF), lateral midfoot (LMF), medial forefoot
(MFF), middle forefoot (MiddFF), and the lateral forefoot
(LFF).Males had a greater FTI beneath the entire foot (TF)
(P < 0.001). Females had a significantly higher MF beneath
the LMF (P = 0.001), MiddFF (P < 0.001), and LFF (P =
0.001). Males had a significantly greater MF beneath the MMF
(P = 0.003) and greater FTI beneath the MMF (P < 0.001) and
MFF (P = 0.002).Significant differences in plantar loading
exist between genders with males demonstrating increased
loading beneath the TF in comparison with females. Females
had overall greater loading on the lateral column, whereas
males had greater loading on the medial column of the
foot.The results of this study indicate that plantar loading
is different between genders; therefore, altering cleated
footwear to be gender specific may result in more optimal
foot loading patterns. Optimizing cleated shoe design could
decrease the risk for metatarsal stress fractures.},
Doi = {10.1097/jsm.0000000000000205},
Key = {fds267700}
}
@article{fds267701,
Author = {III, FDE and Butler, RJ and Oglesby, W and III, MCT and Jr, GWE and Queen,
RM},
Title = {Gender Differences in Lower Extremity Kinematics during an
Unanticipated Side-Cut},
Journal = {Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise},
Volume = {44},
Pages = {625-625},
Year = {2012},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0195-9131},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000310363303442&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds267701}
}
@article{fds267750,
Author = {Fedorcik, GG and Queen, RM and Abbey, AN and Moorman, CT and Ruch,
DS},
Title = {Differences in wrist mechanics during the golf swing based
on golf handicap.},
Journal = {Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport},
Volume = {15},
Number = {3},
Pages = {250-254},
Year = {2012},
Month = {May},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22154489},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Variation in swing mechanics between golfers of
different skill levels has been previously reported. To
investigate if differences in three-dimensional wrist
kinematics and the angle of golf club descent between low
and high handicap golfers. DESIGN: A descriptive laboratory
study was performed with twenty-eight male golfers divided
into two groups, low handicap golfers (handicap = 0-5, n =
15) and high handicap golfers (handicap ≥ 10, n = 13).
METHODS: Bilateral peak three-dimensional wrist mechanics,
bilateral wrist mechanics at ball contact (BC), peak angle
of descent from the end of the backswing to ball contact,
and the angle of descent when the forearm was parallel to
the ground (DEC-PAR) were determined using an 8 camera
motion capture system. Independent t-tests were completed
for each study variable (α = 0.05). Pearson correlation
coefficients were determined between golf handicap and each
of the study variables. RESULTS: The peak lead arm radial
deviation (5.7 degrees, p = 0.008), lead arm radial
deviation at ball contact (7.1 degrees, p = 0.001), and
DEC-PAR (15.8 degrees, p = 0.002) were significantly greater
in the high handicap group. CONCLUSION: In comparison with
golfers with a low handicap, golfers with a high handicap
have increased radial deviation during the golf swing and at
ball contact.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jsams.2011.10.006},
Key = {fds267750}
}
@article{fds267758,
Author = {Kraus, VB and Birmingham, J and Stabler, TV and Feng, S and Taylor, DC and Moorman, CT and Garrett, WE and Toth, AP},
Title = {Effects of intraarticular IL1-Ra for acute anterior cruciate
ligament knee injury: a randomized controlled pilot trial
(NCT00332254).},
Journal = {Osteoarthritis and Cartilage},
Volume = {20},
Number = {4},
Pages = {271-278},
Year = {2012},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22273632},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of
intraarticular IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) for
anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. METHODS: Eleven
patients with acute ACL tear confirmed by magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) were randomized to receive a single
intraarticular injection of IL-1Ra (anakinra 150 mg,
n = 6) or equal volume of saline placebo (1 ml, n = 5).
The double-blinded treatment was administered a mean 2 weeks
after injury. Synovial fluid (SF) (n = 9 patients) and
sera (all patients) were available at baseline (prior to
injection) and immediately prior to surgery (mean 35 days
later) and analyzed for SF IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1Ra and serum
hyaluronan (HA), an indicator of synovial inflammation. The
primary outcome, standardized Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis
Outcome Score (KOOS) questionnaire, was obtained at 0
(baseline), 4, and 14 days after injection. RESULTS:
Compared with placebo, the IL-1Ra group had substantially
greater improvement in key outcomes over 14 days (KOOS pain
P = 0.001; activities of daily living P = 0.0015; KOOS
sports function P = 0.0026; KOOS quality of life (QOL)
P = 0.0048; and total KOOS P < 0.0001). There were no
adverse reactions in either group. SF IL-1α (P = 0.05)
and serum HA (P = 0.03), but not IL-1β, or IL-1Ra,
decreased significantly in the IL-1Ra but not the placebo
treated patients. Compared with placebo, IL-1α was
borderline significantly different in the IL-1Ra treated
group (P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Administered within the
first month following severe knee injury, IL-1Ra reduced
knee pain and improved function over a 2-week interval. This
promising proof of concept study provides a new paradigm for
studies of acute joint injury and suggests that a larger
follow-up study is warranted.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.joca.2011.12.009},
Key = {fds267758}
}
@misc{fds267664,
Author = {Wittstein, JR and Levin, LS and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Chronic exertional compartment syndrome},
Pages = {437-446},
Booktitle = {Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine Surgery},
Publisher = {Lippincott Williams & Wilkins},
Editor = {Wiesel, S},
Year = {2012},
Month = {March},
ISBN = {9781451124903},
Key = {fds267664}
}
@misc{fds267646,
Author = {Moorman, CT and Coyner, KJ},
Title = {The Role of Osteotomy},
Pages = {355-359},
Booktitle = {The Multiple Ligament Injured Knee: A Practical Guide to
Management},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media},
Editor = {Faneli, GC},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds267646}
}
@misc{fds267666,
Author = {Moorman, CT},
Title = {LCL/PLC},
Booktitle = {DeLee & Drez’s Orthopaedic Sports Medicine},
Publisher = {Elsevier},
Editor = {McAllister, D},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds267666}
}
@article{fds267669,
Author = {Jennings, JM and Gupta, AK and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Acute Dynamic Thoracic Outline Syndrome After Midshaft
Clavicular Osteosynthesis for Nonunion: A Case
Report},
Journal = {JBJS},
Volume = {2},
Number = {e58},
Pages = {1-4},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds267669}
}
@article{fds267707,
Author = {Moorman, CT and Warren, RF and Deng, X-H and Wickiewicz, TL and Torzilli, PA},
Title = {Role of coracoacromial ligament and related structures in
glenohumeral stability: a cadaveric study.},
Journal = {Journal of surgical orthopaedic advances},
Volume = {21},
Number = {4},
Pages = {210-217},
Year = {2012},
ISSN = {1548-825X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23327845},
Abstract = {This study sought to determine the role of the
coracoacromial ligament and related arch structures in
glenohumeral joint stabilization. Eight fresh-frozen cadaver
specimens were tested at multiple angles of glenohumeral
abduction and rotation for translations (in the direction of
and perpendicular to a 50-N force) in intact, vented
shoulders and after three interventions: coracoacromial veil
release, coracoacromial ligament release, and anterior
acromioplasty. After releasing the veil, an inferior force
significantly increased inferior translation at lower angles
of abduction with no additional increase after
coracoacromial ligament section or acromioplasty. After
ligament release or acromioplasty, a superior force
increased superior translation at all angles. Few increases
in anterior or posterior translations were observed. The
coracoacromial veil interacts with the structures of the
coracoacromial arch and glenohumeral capsule to limit
inferior humeral translation. Likewise, the coracoacromial
ligament and the acromian serve to limit superior
translation. Attempts to preserve these structures may help
improve surgical outcomes.},
Key = {fds267707}
}
@article{fds267759,
Author = {Abebe, ES and Moorman, CT and Garrett, WEJ},
Title = {Proximal Hamstring Avulsion Injuries: Injury Mechanism,
Diagnosis and Disease Course},
Journal = {Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine},
Volume = {20},
Number = {1},
Pages = {2-6},
Year = {2012},
ISSN = {1060-1872},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.otsm.2012.03.001},
Abstract = {The hamstrings group is made up of three two-joint muscles
whose unique anatomy and functional properties during
movement make this group particularly susceptible to muscle
stain injury along the extensive muscle-tendon junctions,
particularly during high-speed activities like sprinting.
Proximal strains injury to the hamstring can also occur from
unopposed stretch that can lead to a possible avulsion
injury. An office examination will identify numerous
clinical signs and symptoms of strain injury, but an MR
image is helpful for defining the extent of a proximal
injury. The common strain injury is treated with RICE while
the choice of treatment for a proximal injury is dependent
upon the number of tendons involved and the amount of tissue
retraction. Early surgical intervention is advocated to
avoid complications from a chronic injury. © 2012 Elsevier
Inc.},
Doi = {10.1053/j.otsm.2012.03.001},
Key = {fds267759}
}
@article{fds267757,
Author = {Yue, BW and Gupta, AK and Moorman, CT and Garrett, WE and Helms,
CA},
Title = {Wrisberg variant of the discoid lateral meniscus with
flipped meniscal fragments simulating bucket-handle tear:
MRI and arthroscopic correlation.},
Journal = {Skeletal Radiology},
Volume = {40},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1089-1094},
Year = {2011},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21340450},
Abstract = {An MRI diagnosis of the Wrisberg variant discoid lateral
meniscus should be considered in patients presenting with an
anteriorly flipped posterior horn fragment without a
definable peripheral rim. We present four cases discovered
on arthroscopy that were thought to resemble bucket-handle
tears on preoperative MRI. Posterior hypermobility poses a
surgical challenge as excessive debridement without careful
attention to underlying meniscal morphology may lead to
further instability. Although this diagnosis can be
difficult to make on MRI, alerting the orthopedic surgeon
preoperatively may influence repair technique and meniscus
conservation.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00256-011-1124-4},
Key = {fds267757}
}
@article{fds267761,
Author = {Abebe, ES and Kim, J-P and Utturkar, GM and Taylor, DC and Spritzer, CE and Moorman, CT and Garrett, WE and DeFrate, LE},
Title = {The effect of femoral tunnel placement on ACL graft
orientation and length during in vivo knee
flexion.},
Journal = {Journal of Biomechanics},
Volume = {44},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1914-1920},
Year = {2011},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21570688},
Abstract = {Anatomically placed grafts are believed to more closely
restore the function of the ACL. This study measured the
effect of femoral tunnel placement on graft orientation and
length during weight-bearing flexion. Both knees of twelve
patients where the graft was placed near the anteroproximal
border of the ACL and ten where the graft was placed near
the center of the ACL were imaged using MR. These images
were used to create 3D models of the reconstructed and
intact contralateral knees, including the attachment sites
of the native ACL and graft. Next, patients were imaged
using biplanar fluoroscopy while performing a quasi-static
lunge. The models were registered to the fluoroscopic images
to reproduce in vivo knee motion. From the relative motion
of the attachment sites on the models, the length and
orientation of the graft and native ACL were measured.
Grafts placed anteroproximally on the femur were longer and
more vertical than the native ACL in both the sagittal and
coronal planes, while anatomically placed grafts more
closely mimicked ACL motion. In full extension, the grafts
placed anteroproximally were 12.3±5.2° (mean and 95%CI)
more vertical than the native ACL in the sagittal plane,
whereas the grafts placed anatomically were 2.9±3.7° less
vertical. Grafts placed anteroproximally were up to 6±2 mm
longer than the native ACL, while the anatomically placed
grafts were a maximum of 2±2 mm longer. In conclusion,
grafts placed anatomically more closely restored native ACL
length and orientation. As a result, anatomic grafts are
more likely to restore intact knee kinematics.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.04.030},
Key = {fds267761}
}
@article{fds267748,
Author = {Magnussen, RA and Glisson, RR and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Augmentation of Achilles tendon repair with extracellular
matrix xenograft: a biomechanical analysis.},
Journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
Volume = {39},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1522-1527},
Year = {2011},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21372317},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Achilles tendon rupture is a frequent injury in
athletes and the general public. Cases of chronic rupture or
poor tendon quality secondary to tendinopathy are
challenging to repair primarily. Commercially available
extracellular matrix materials have been utilized in recent
years to augment tendon repair. HYPOTHESIS: Augmentation of
Achilles tendon with extracellular matrix xenograft results
in reduced repair site gapping and increased peak failure
load in a cadaveric model featuring simulated physiologic
loads. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS:
Ten matched pairs of fresh-frozen human lower extremities
amputated just below the knee were obtained and each
Achilles tendon was sharply tenotomized. One randomly
selected specimen from each matched pair underwent Achilles
repair using a 4-strand Krackow technique with extracellular
matrix xenograft augmentation (TissueMend Soft Tissue Repair
Matrix), while the opposite tendon underwent suture repair
alone as a control. Each tendon was then subjected to 1000
sinusoidal tensile loading cycles to 86 N during which
repair site gapping was monitored, followed by distraction
to failure. One pair was used to evaluate the effects of
graft orientation and not included in the analysis. RESULTS:
Significantly less gapping was noted in the augmented tendon
group at all time points after the 10th load cycle (P <
.05). The mean repair site gapping after 1000 cycles of
loading was 4.0 mm (range, 3.1-5.0 mm) in the augmented
group and 6.5 mm (range, 4.1-8.6 mm) in the suture-only
group. The ultimate failure load was 821 N (range, 613-1021
N) in the augmented group and 392 N (range, 322-481 N) in
the suture-only group (P < .01). CONCLUSION: The
augmentation of Achilles tendon repair with extracellular
matrix xenograft decreases gapping and increases load to
failure immediately after surgery in a cadaveric model.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Tendon repair augmentation may allow
more aggressive early rehabilitation, particularly in cases
of chronic rupture or poor tendon quality. Further work is
necessary to define indications for extracellular matrix
graft augmentation of tendon repairs.},
Doi = {10.1177/0363546510397815},
Key = {fds267748}
}
@article{fds267670,
Author = {Brown, CA and Watters, TS and Mather III and RC and Orlando, LA and Bolognesi, MP and Moorman III and CT},
Title = {Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Unicompartmental Knee
Arthroplasty and High Tibial Osteotomy for Treatment of
Medial Compartmental Osteoarthritis},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {27-36},
Editor = {Eward, WC and Mayer, S},
Year = {2011},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {2231-5055},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10017-1005},
Doi = {10.5005/jp-journals-10017-1005},
Key = {fds267670}
}
@article{fds267749,
Author = {Payne, DES and Wray, WH and Ruch, DS and Zura, RD and Moorman,
CT},
Title = {Outcome of intramedullary fixation of clavicular
fractures.},
Journal = {American Journal of Orthopedics},
Volume = {40},
Number = {6},
Pages = {E99-104},
Year = {2011},
Month = {June},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21869947},
Abstract = {We conducted a retrospective, single-center (tertiary
referral center with associated level I trauma center)
review to evaluate the outcome of open reduction and
internal fixation (ORIF) with intramedullary (IM) clavicle
pin of displaced clavicular fractures. Sixty-eight displaced
midshaft clavicle fractures in 68 patients underwent ORIF
with IM clavicle pins. Patients were identified through a
perioperative database by searching for Current Procedural
Terminology (CPT) codes. Union was the primary outcome.
Secondary outcomes included time to union, pain, incidence
of nonunion and delayed union, postoperative range of
motion, and incidence of complications. Sixty-six fractures
(97%) went on to union. Complications included painful
hardware (44%), deep and superficial wound infections (10%),
and hardware failure (4%), including pin breakage and
extrusion. Postoperative shoulder pain was present in 10% of
patients and limited shoulder range of motion in 12%. IM pin
fixation can provide good outcomes, even for fractures with
a significant amount of shortening and comminution.},
Key = {fds267749}
}
@article{fds267760,
Author = {Abebe, ES and Utturkar, GM and Taylor, DC and Spritzer, CE and Kim, JP and Moorman, CT and Garrett, WE and DeFrate, LE},
Title = {The effects of femoral graft placement on in vivo knee
kinematics after anterior cruciate ligament
reconstruction.},
Journal = {Journal of Biomechanics},
Volume = {44},
Number = {5},
Pages = {924-929},
Year = {2011},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21227425},
Abstract = {Achieving anatomical graft placement remains a concern in
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The purpose
of this study was to quantify the effect of femoral graft
placement on the ability of ACL reconstruction to restore
normal knee kinematics under in vivo loading conditions. Two
different groups of patients were studied: one in which the
femoral tunnel was placed near the anterior and proximal
border of the ACL (anteroproximal group, n=12) and another
where the femoral tunnel was placed near the center of the
ACL (anatomic group, n=10) MR imaging and biplanar
fluoroscopy were used to measure in vivo kinematics in these
patients during a quasi-static lunge. Patients with
anteroproximal graft placement had up to 3.4mm more anterior
tibial translation, 1.1mm more medial tibial translation and
3.7° more internal tibial rotation compared to the
contralateral side. Patients with anatomic graft placement
had motion that more closely replicated that of the intact
knee, with anterior tibial translation within 0.8mm, medial
tibial translation within 0.5mm, and internal tibial
rotation within 1°. Grafts placed anteroproximally on the
femur likely provide insufficient restraint to these motions
due to a more vertical orientation. Anatomical femoral
placement of the graft is more likely to reproduce normal
ACL orientation, resulting in a more stable knee. Therefore,
achieving anatomical graft placement on the femur is crucial
to restoring normal knee function and may decrease the rates
of joint degeneration after ACL reconstruction.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.11.028},
Key = {fds267760}
}
@article{fds267746,
Author = {Magnussen, RA and Mallon, WJ and Willems, WJ and Moorman,
CT},
Title = {Long-term activity restrictions after shoulder arthroplasty:
an international survey of experienced shoulder
surgeons.},
Journal = {Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery},
Volume = {20},
Number = {2},
Pages = {281-289},
Year = {2011},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21051242},
Abstract = {HYPOTHESIS: Shoulder arthroplasty is being performed with
increasing frequency, and patients' athletic participation
after shoulder arthroplasty is on the rise. However, little
data exist regarding appropriate long-term activity
restrictions. We hypothesize that European and North
American surgeons both recommend increasing long-term
activity restrictions, moving from hemiarthroplasty to total
shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) to reverse total shoulder
arthroplasty (RTSA), and that both groups impose similar
restrictions on their patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An
online survey was sent to members of the American Shoulder
and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) and the European Society for
Surgery of the Shoulder and Elbow (SECEC). Participants
received a list of 37 activities and classified their
postoperative recommendations for each activity as allowed,
allowed with experience, not allowed, or undecided. RESULTS:
The participation rate was 18%, including 47 North American
surgeons and 52 European surgeons. All patients were allowed
to participate in nonimpact activities, including
jogging/running, walking, stationary bicycling, and ballroom
dancing. Sports requiring light upper extremity involvement,
including low-impact aerobics, golf, swimming, and table
tennis, were allowed after hemiarthroplasty and TSA, and
were allowed with experience after RTSA. Sports with fall
potential, including downhill skiing, tennis, basketball,
and soccer, were allowed with experience after
hemiarthroplasty and TSA, and undecided or not allowed after
RTSA. Higher-impact sports, such as weightlifting,
waterskiing, and volleyball, were undecided after
hemiarthroplasty and TSA and were not allowed after RTSA.
European surgeons were more conservative than American
surgeons in their recommendations after hemiarthroplasty and
TSA, but good agreement between the 2 groups was noted
regarding restrictions after RTSA. CONCLUSION: Restrictions
should be based on the type of arthroplasty performed and
patients' preoperative experience.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jse.2010.07.021},
Key = {fds267746}
}
@article{fds267766,
Author = {Hambright, D and Henderson, RA and Cook, C and Worrell, T and Moorman,
CT and Bolognesi, MP},
Title = {A comparison of perioperative outcomes in patients with and
without rheumatoid arthritis after receiving a total
shoulder replacement arthroplasty.},
Journal = {Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery},
Volume = {20},
Number = {1},
Pages = {77-85},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20655764},
Abstract = {The long-term survival rate of total shoulder arthroplasty
(TSA) is comparable to hip and knee arthroplasty. Although
TSA is considered a safe and effective procedure with low
complications in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid
arthritis (RA), data are lacking on perioperative
complications. Complication rates and hospital disposition
differences between patients with and without RA who
underwent TSA were investigated. We hypothesized that RA
patients would have poorer perioperative outcomes after
TSA.Data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample was used to
capture 25,398 patients between 1988 and 2005 who underwent
TSA. Of these, 1,186 patients had a primary diagnosis of RA
and were compared with 24,212 patients without RA. Analyses
addressed perioperative complications and hospital
disposition factors using bivariate and logistic regression
models.Overall complication rates were exceptionally low in
both groups. Hospital disposition factors were significantly
different between the 2 groups. The RA cohort had shorter
average lengths of stay, higher likelihood of routine
discharge, and lower inflation-adjusted cost before and
after adjustment for covariates.The occurrence of
complications in the perioperative setting was less than 1%
for both study groups in most variables investigated, and
there were only minimal differences in perioperative
complications between the groups. The significant
differences in hospital disposition factors suggest that
patients with RA may have less complex hospital stays and
may be more comfortable being discharged under their own
care. Recent studies describing the overall improvement in
the management of patients with RA may also help explain
these findings.The findings suggest that the perioperative
complications of a total shoulder replacement for patients
with and without RA are similar. Contrary to our
expectations, TSA patients with RA had shorter and less
costly hospital stays and were more likely to have routine
discharge. Complications are likely more long-term in nature
than detected in this study and require longer follow-up
beyond perioperative periods for fruition.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jse.2010.03.005},
Key = {fds267766}
}
@misc{fds267647,
Author = {Moorman, CT and Nicandri, GT},
Title = {Complications of Knee Dislocations},
Pages = {727-734},
Booktitle = {Advanced Reconstruction Knee},
Publisher = {American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons},
Editor = {Lieberman, JR and Berry, DJ and Azar, FM},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds267647}
}
@misc{fds267648,
Author = {Busam, ML and Fulkerson, JP and Gaskill, TR and Moorman, CT and Noyes,
FR and Galloway, MT},
Title = {Technical Aspects of Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Reconstruction for the General Orthopaedic
Surgeon},
Volume = {60},
Pages = {485-497},
Booktitle = {2011 AAOS Instructional Course Lectures},
Editor = {Egol, KA and Tornetta, P},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds267648}
}
@article{fds267694,
Author = {Busam, ML and Fulkerson, JP and Gaskill, TR and 3rd, CTM and Noyes, FR and Galloway, MT},
Title = {Technical aspects of anterior cruciate ligament
reconstruction for the general orthopaedic
surgeon.},
Journal = {Instructional course lectures},
Volume = {60},
Pages = {485-497},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {0065-6895},
Abstract = {Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is the sixth most
common procedure performed by orthopaedic surgeons. The
goals of the procedure are to restore knee stability and
patient function. These goals are dependent on proper graft
positioning and incorporation. Anterior cruciate ligament
reconstruction involves a technically complicated series of
steps, all of which affect graft healing and clinical
outcome. A wide variety of graft choices and surgical
techniques are currently available for use. It is important
for orthopaedic surgeons performing anterior cruciate
ligament reconstructions to be aware of the indications for
graft selection, techniques for correct graft placement, and
the biologic implications related to these
factors.},
Key = {fds267694}
}
@article{fds267747,
Author = {Wittstein, JR and Queen, R and Abbey, A and Toth, A and III,
CTM},
Title = {Isokinetic strength, endurance, and subjective outcomes
after biceps tenotomy versus tenodesis: A postoperative
study},
Journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
Volume = {39},
Number = {4},
Pages = {857-865},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {0363-5465},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546510387512},
Abstract = {Background: Similar subjective outcomes have been reported
for tenotomy or tenodesis of the long head of the biceps.
Few studies have reported on postoperative strength and
endurance. Hypothesis: Biceps tenodesis results in superior
subjective outcomes, strength, and endurance compared with
tenotomy. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.
Methods: Participants completed isokinetic strength and
endurance testing for elbow flexion and supination on the
operative and nonoperative sides a minimum of 2 years after
biceps tenotomy or tenodesis. Modified American Shoulder and
Elbow Surgeons (MASES) and Single Assessment Numeric
Evaluation (SANE) scores were obtained. The
operative/nonoperative strength and endurance scores were
compared for the tenotomy and tenodesis groups, with the
nonoperative shoulder serving as the control for each
participant's operative shoulder. Change scores for strength
and endurance were reported as percentage increase or
decrease as compared with the nonoperative side. Change
scores and MASES and SANE scores were compared between the 2
groups. The presence of a ''popeye'' deformity or pain at
the tenodesis site was noted. Results: Thirty-five patients
(19 tenotomy, 16 tenodesis) were studied. No significant
difference was noted in postoperative MASES and SANE scores.
Operative-side peak supination torque was significantly
decreased relative to the nonoperative side in the tenotomy
group, which had a significantly larger decrease in
supination peak torque than did the tenodesis group on
comparison of change scores. No significant difference was
noted for peak flexion torque or flexion/supination
endurance between operative and nonoperative sides in either
group or between change scores for peak flexion torque or
flexion/supination endurance in the tenotomy and tenodesis
groups. Four tenotomy patients had a popeye deformity, 2 of
whom reported painful cramping. Two patients had pain at the
tenodesis site. Conclusion: Subjective outcomes are similar
for patients treated with tenotomy and tenodesis. Tenotomy
decreases supination peak torque relative to the
nonoperative side and tenodesis. © 2011 The
Author(s).},
Doi = {10.1177/0363546510387512},
Key = {fds267747}
}
@article{fds267706,
Author = {Kraus, VB and Birmingham, J and Stabler, T and Feng, S and Taylor, DC and Moorman, CT and Garrett, WE and Toth, A},
Title = {INTRAARTICULAR IL1-RA AFTER ACUTE KNEE INJURY DECREASES
BIOMARKERS OF INFLAMMATION AND IMPROVES PAIN AND
FUNCTION},
Journal = {Osteoarthritis and Cartilage},
Volume = {18},
Pages = {S11-S12},
Year = {2010},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1063-4584},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000283452900030&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds267706}
}
@article{fds267671,
Author = {Maglaya, CL and Cook, C and Zarzour, H and Moorman,
CT},
Title = {Case Report: Return to Division 1A Football Following a 1st
Metatarsophalangeal Joint Dorsal Dislocation},
Journal = {North American Journal of Sports Physical
Therapy},
Volume = {5},
Number = {3},
Pages = {131-142},
Year = {2010},
Month = {September},
Key = {fds267671}
}
@article{fds267739,
Author = {Wittstein, J and Queen, R and Abbey, A and Moorman,
CT},
Title = {Isokinetic testing of biceps strength and endurance in
dominant versus nondominant upper extremities.},
Journal = {Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery},
Volume = {19},
Number = {6},
Pages = {874-877},
Year = {2010},
Month = {September},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20381383},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The strength and endurance of the contralateral
biceps muscle can serve as a useful comparison for the
operative limb following distal biceps repairs,
mid-substance repairs, or tenotomy or tenodesis of the long
head. There are limited data available on the effect of
handedness on biceps strength and endurance. HYPOTHESIS: The
dominant upper extremity has greater elbow flexion and
supination peak torque and endurance. MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Subjects with no history of prior upper extremity injury or
limitations completed isokinetic testing of biceps flexion
and supination peak torque and endurance on a Biodex
machine. A paired student t test was used to compare peak
torque and endurance for both supination and flexion for the
dominant and nondominant upper extremities. The results were
analyzed for the entire group, and for male and female
subjects separately as well. RESULTS: A power analysis
revealed that 5 subjects were needed to achieve 80% power.
Twenty subjects (10 male, 10 female) were tested. No
significant difference was detected for peak torque or
endurance for supination or flexion between the dominant and
nondominant upper extremities. No difference was detected
when the group was analyzed as a whole, nor when men and
women were analyzed separately. CONCLUSIONS: The dominant
and nondominant upper extremities demonstrate similar peak
torque and endurance for supination and flexion. The normal
contralateral upper extremity can be used as a matched
control in the evaluation of post operative biceps
isokinetic strength and endurance without adjusting results
for handedness.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jse.2010.01.018},
Key = {fds267739}
}
@article{fds267738,
Author = {Wittstein, J and Moorman, CT and Levin, LS},
Title = {Endoscopic compartment release for chronic exertional
compartment syndrome: surgical technique and
results.},
Journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
Volume = {38},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1661-1666},
Year = {2010},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20400754},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Chronic exertional compartment syndrome is an
entity that typically fails nonoperative management and
requires operative treatment with fasciotomies for return to
activity. Fasciotomies performed through single or multiple
incisions may fail to totally release the fascia of the
afflicted compartment(s) and may result in injury to
neurovascular structures that cannot be visualized. PURPOSE:
The authors report results of endoscopic compartment release
with the assistance of a balloon dissector in the treatment
of chronic exertional compartment syndrome. STUDY DESIGN:
Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: The clinical
outcomes of 14 cases of chronic exertional compartment
syndrome in 9 patients treated with endoscopic release were
assessed with a retrospective chart review and the results
of mailed questionnaires. RESULTS: Fourteen legs in 9
patients (4 male and 5 female; average age, 24 years) were
treated with endoscopic compartment release for chronic
exertional compartment syndrome. Eight of 9 patients were
able to resume preoperative activities, including collegiate
athletics in 5 cases and recreational sport in 3 cases. No
neurovascular injuries occurred. Complications were isolated
to postoperative hematomas that resolved in 2 patients.
Seven patients completed questionnaires an average of 3.75
years after surgery. There were no recurrences of symptoms.
CONCLUSION: Endoscopic compartment release is a cosmetic,
safe, and effective means of treating chronic exertional
compartment syndrome.},
Doi = {10.1177/0363546510363415},
Key = {fds267738}
}
@article{fds267740,
Author = {Gupta, AK and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Nocardia nova infection after primary anterior cruciate
ligament reconstruction with tibialis anterior
allograft.},
Journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
Volume = {38},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1483-1486},
Year = {2010},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20375367},
Doi = {10.1177/0363546510361217},
Key = {fds267740}
}
@article{fds267765,
Author = {Mather, RC and Watters, TS and Orlando, LA and Bolognesi, MP and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Cost effectiveness analysis of hemiarthroplasty and total
shoulder arthroplasty.},
Journal = {Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery},
Volume = {19},
Number = {3},
Pages = {325-334},
Year = {2010},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20303459},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) and
hemiarthroplasty (HA) are two viable surgical treatment
options for glenohumeral osteoarthritis. Recent systematic
reviews and randomized trials suggest that TSA, while more
costly initially, may have superior outcomes with regard to
pain, function and quality of life with lower revision
rates. This study compared the cost-effectiveness of TSA
with HA. METHODS: A Markov decision model was constructed
for a cost-utility analysis of TSA compared to HA in a
cohort of 64-year-old patients. Outcome probabilities and
effectiveness were derived from the literature. Costs were
estimated from the societal perspective using the national
average Medicare reimbursement for the procedures in 2008 US
dollars. Effectiveness was expressed in quality-adjusted
life years (QALYs) gained. Principal outcome measures were
average incremental costs, incremental effectiveness,
incremental QALYs, and net health benefits. RESULTS: In the
base case, HA resulted in a lower number of average QALYs
gained at a higher average cost to society and was,
therefore, dominated by the TSA strategy for the treatment
of glenohumeral osteoarthritis. The cost effectiveness ratio
for TSA and HA were $957/QALY and $1,194/QALY respectively.
Sensitivity analysis revealed that if the utility of TSA is
equal to, or revision rate lower than HA, TSA continues to
be a dominant strategy. CONCLUSION: Total shoulder
arthroplasty with a cemented glenoid is a cost-effective
procedure, resulting in greater utility for the patient at a
lower overall cost to the payer. These findings suggest that
TSA is the preferred treatment for certain populations from
both a patient and payer perspective.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jse.2009.11.057},
Key = {fds267765}
}
@book{fds310027,
Author = {Bytomski, J and Moorman, C},
Title = {Oxford American Handbook of Sports Medicine},
Pages = {828 pages},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press, USA},
Editor = {Moorman, C and Bytomski, J},
Year = {2010},
Month = {March},
ISBN = {0199707170},
Abstract = {Why choose the Oxford American Handbook of Sports Medicine?
The design.... The Handbook uses a unique flexicover design
that's durable and practical. Compact, light, and fits
in your pocket!},
Key = {fds310027}
}
@book{fds310026,
Title = {Praeger Handbook of Sports Medicine and Athlete Health:
[Three Volumes]},
Pages = {915 pages},
Publisher = {Abc-clio},
Editor = {Moorman, C and Kirkendall, D and Echemendia, RJ},
Year = {2010},
ISBN = {0313356416},
Abstract = {The groundbreaking, three-volume Praeger Handbook of Sports
Medicine and Athlete Health introduces readers to sports
medicine and explains what we can do to prevent or recover
from sports injuries—of body or mind.},
Key = {fds310026}
}
@article{fds267736,
Author = {Escamilla, RF and Zheng, N and MacLeod, TD and Imamura, R and Edwards,
WB and Hreljac, A and Fleisig, GS and Wilk, KE and III, CTM and Paulos, L and Andrews, JR},
Title = {Cruciate ligament tensile forces during the forward and side
lunge},
Journal = {Clinical Biomechanics},
Volume = {25},
Number = {3},
Pages = {213-221},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {0268-0033},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2009.11.003},
Abstract = {Background: Although weight bearing lunge exercises are
frequently employed during anterior cruciate ligament and
posterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation, cruciate
ligament tensile forces are currently unknown while
performing forward and side lunge exercises with and without
a stride. Methods: Eighteen subjects used their 12
repetition maximum weight while performing a forward lunge
and side lunge with and without a stride. A motion analysis
system and biomechanical model were used to estimate
cruciate ligament forces during lunging as a function of
0-90° knee angles. Findings: Comparing the forward lunge to
the side lunge across stride variations, mean posterior
cruciate ligament forces ranged between 205 and 765 N and
were significantly greater (P < 0.0025) in the forward
lunge long at 40°, 50°, 60°, 70°, and 80° knee angles
of the descent phase and at 80°, 70°, 60° knee angles of
the ascent phase. There were no significant differences (P
< 0.0025) in mean posterior cruciate ligament forces
between with and without stride differences across lunging
variations. There were no anterior cruciate ligament forces
quantified while performing forward and side lunge
exercises. Interpretation: Clinicians should be cautious in
prescribing forward and side lunge exercises during early
phases of posterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation due to
relatively high posterior cruciate ligament forces that are
generated, especially during the forward lunge at knee
angles between 40° and 90° knee angles. Both the forward
and side lunges appear appropriate during all phases of
anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation. Understanding how
forward and side lunging affect cruciate ligament loading
over varying knee angles may help clinicians better
prescribe lunging exercises in a safe manner during anterior
cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament
rehabilitation. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2009.11.003},
Key = {fds267736}
}
@article{fds267737,
Author = {III, CTM},
Title = {Preface},
Journal = {Clinics in Sports Medicine},
Volume = {29},
Number = {2},
Pages = {xiii},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {0278-5919},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2009.12.011},
Doi = {10.1016/j.csm.2009.12.011},
Key = {fds267737}
}
@article{fds267741,
Author = {Kaseta, MKA and Queen, RM and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Traumatic closed transection of the triceps brachii: a case
report.},
Journal = {Journal of surgical orthopaedic advances},
Volume = {19},
Number = {3},
Pages = {149-152},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {1548-825X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21086926},
Abstract = {There are only a few reports about intramuscular injury to
the triceps brachii, offering the surgeon limited clinical
options and estimates of prognosis. This is a case report of
a patient with a traumatic closed tear of his triceps
brachii who was treated surgically. This report presents the
initial surgical management and data throughout 64 months of
follow-up, during which time the patient showed continual,
gradual improvement in function with no functional
limitations.},
Key = {fds267741}
}
@article{fds267742,
Author = {Escamilla, RF and Zheng, N and MacLeod, TD and Imamura, R and Edwards,
WB and Hreljac, A and Fleisig, GS and Wilk, KE and Moorman, CT and Paulos,
L and Andrews, JR},
Title = {Cruciate ligament forces between short-step and long-step
forward lunge},
Journal = {Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise},
Volume = {42},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1932-1942},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {0195-9131},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181d966d4},
Abstract = {Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare cruciate
ligament forces between the forward lunge with a short step
(forward lunge short) and the forward lunge with a long step
(forward lunge long). Methods: Eighteen subjects used their
12-repetition maximum weight while performing the forward
lunge short and long with and without a stride. EMG, force,
and kinematic variables were input into a biomechanical
model using optimization, and cruciate ligament forces were
calculated as a function of knee angle. A two-factor
repeated-measure ANOVA was used with a Bonferroni adjustment
(P<0.0025) to assess differences in cruciate forces
between lunging techniques. Results: Mean posterior cruciate
ligament (PCL) forces (69-765 N range) were significantly
greater (P<0.001) in the forward lunge long compared with
the forward lunge short between 0° and 80° knee flexion
angles. Mean PCL forces (86-691 N range) were significantly
greater (P<0.001) without a stride compared with those
with a stride between 0° and 20° knee flexion angles. Mean
anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) forces were generated (0-50
N range between 0° and 10° knee flexion angles) only in
the forward lunge short with stride. Conclusions: All lunge
variations appear appropriate and safe during ACL
rehabilitation because of minimal ACL loading. ACL loading
occurred only in the forward lunge short with stride.
Clinicians should be cautious in prescribing forward lunge
exercises during early phases of PCL rehabilitation,
especially at higher knee flexion angles and during the
forward lunge long, which generated the highest PCL forces.
Understanding how varying lunging techniques affect cruciate
ligament loading may help clinicians prescribe lunging
exercises in a safe manner during ACL and PCL
rehabilitation. © 2010 by the American College of Sports
Medicine.},
Doi = {10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181d966d4},
Key = {fds267742}
}
@article{fds267743,
Author = {Rauh, PB and Jr, WGC and Jasper, LE and Curl, LA and Belkoff, S and III,
CTM},
Title = {Biomechanical evaluation of two reconstruction techniques
for posterolateral instability of the knee},
Journal = {Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (British
Volume)},
Volume = {92},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1460-1465},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {0301-620X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.92B10.22749},
Abstract = {We evaluated two reconstruction techniques for a simulated
posterolateral corner injury on ten pairs of cadaver knees.
Specimens were mounted at 30° and 90° of knee flexion to
record external rotation and varus movement. Instability was
created by transversely sectioning the lateral collateral
ligament at its midpoint and the popliteus tendon was
released at the lateral femoral condyle. The left knee was
randomly assigned for reconstruction using either a combined
or fibula-based treatment with the right knee receiving the
other. After sectioning, laxity increased in all the
specimens. Each technique restored external rotatory and
varus stability at both flexion angles to levels similar to
the intact condition. For the fibula-based reconstruction
method, varus laxity at 30° of knee flexion did not differ
from the intact state, but was significantly less than after
the combined method. Both the fibula-based and combined
posterolateral reconstruction techniques are equally
effective in restoring stability following the simulated
injury. ©2010 British Editorial Society of Bone and Joint
Surgery.},
Doi = {10.1302/0301-620X.92B10.22749},
Key = {fds267743}
}
@article{fds267744,
Author = {Paxton, ES and Moorman, CT and Chehab, EL and Barnes, RP and Warren, RF and Brophy, RH},
Title = {Effect of hyperconcavity of the lumbar vertebral endplates
on the playing careers of professional american football
linemen},
Journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
Volume = {38},
Number = {11},
Pages = {2255-2258},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {0363-5465},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546510374584},
Abstract = {Background: Hyperconcavity of the lumbar spine has been
found in a disproportionate percentage of college football
lineman evaluated at the National Football League (NFL)
Combine compared with age-matched controls. Hypothesis:
College football linemen with hyperconcavity of the lumbar
spine are more likely to play in the NFL and to have a
longer career in professional football. Study Design: Cohort
study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Ninety three linemen
from the 1992 and 1993 NFL Combines with hyperconcavity of
the lumbar spine were compared with 191 linemen from the
same combines without these changes in the lumbar spine. The
percentage of athletes who played at least 1 game for an NFL
team and the average length of career was calculated for
both groups. In addition, the length of career for players
with these changes was compared with those of matched
controls based on other injuries and surgeries, year
drafted, and round drafted. Results: There was no difference
in the likelihood of playing professional football between
linemen with lumbar spine changes (54 of 93 [58%]) and those
without (101 of 191 [53%]) ( P =.41). There was no
significant difference between the 2 groups in length of
career in terms of years played, games played, or games
started. Conclusion: Hyperconcavity of the lumbar spine does
not appear to have any effect on the potential professional
American football careers of college football linemen
entering the NFL. Endplate changes on radiographs are not a
significant screening tool for elite American football
linemen. Further study of larger populations is needed to
definitively answer whether these adaptive changes in the
lumbar spine have any clinical relevance to these athletes.
© 2010 The Author(s).},
Doi = {10.1177/0363546510374584},
Key = {fds267744}
}
@article{fds267745,
Author = {Magnussen, RA and Riboh, JC and Taylor, DC and Moorman,
CT},
Title = {How We Manage the Multiple Ligament Injured (Dislocated)
Knee},
Journal = {Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine},
Volume = {18},
Number = {4},
Pages = {211-218},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {1060-1872},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.otsm.2010.09.008},
Abstract = {Multiple-ligament knee injuries are increasingly recognized
and require a multidisciplinary approach to treatment.
Emergency department evaluation should focus on life- and
limb-threatening issues with a high degree of suspicion for
associated neurovascular injuries. The initial management
should focus on emergent reduction with treatment priority
given to vascular injuries. The management of ligamentous
injuries should be undertaken after the treatment of
vascular and bony injuries. After appropriate physical
examination and imaging studies, an experienced surgeon will
direct the surgical repair or reconstruction of the damaged
ligaments. Our philosophy for surgical treatment of the knee
with multiple-ligament injuries emphasizes the anatomic
repair or reconstruction of each torn ligament and that
ligament healing and stability take priority over knee range
of motion. Indeed, in these complex injuries, stiffness is
easier to address than recurrent instability. ©
2010.},
Doi = {10.1053/j.otsm.2010.09.008},
Key = {fds267745}
}
@article{fds267689,
Author = {Moorman, CT and Kaseta, MKA},
Title = {Formal open repair of the achilles tendon},
Pages = {83-92},
Year = {2009},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79205-7_8},
Abstract = {Acute ruptures of the Achilles tendon are common injuries
associated with trauma, male gender, obesity, and a history
of injected corticosteroids. Although there is a significant
increase in the incidence of Achilles tendon injuries over
the last two decades, there is no consensus regarding the
optimal management (operative vs. nonoperative) of acute
ruptures of the Achilles tendon. This chapter describes the
operative technique favored by the senior author as well as
a physical therapy protocol that has resulted in excellent
outcomes. A number of studies have shown that surgical
repair results in less morbidity and improved function. For
example, surgically repaired tendons are at lower risk of
rerupture, and patients who elect surgery achieve normal
push-off power. One randomized prospective study compared
operative versus nonoperative treatment of acute ruptures of
the Achilles tendon in 111 patients and demonstrated better
results (resuming sports activities, fewer subjective
complaints) in the operative group at 1 year follow-up,
although there were fewer minor complications in the
nonoperative group. Other advantages of surgical repair
include decreased ankle stiffness and calf atrophy, fewer
tendocutaneous adhesions, and a lower risk of
thrombophlebitis. Open operative treatment of acute ruptures
of the Achilles tendon is probably the method of choice for
athletes and patients who wish to continue with high-demand
physical activity. Two recent meta-analyses of randomized
controlled trials showed that operative management has a
reduced risk of rerupture compared with conservative
measures, but was associated with an increased risk of
complications including wound infections, delayed wound
healing, adhesions, and disturbed sensations. © Springer
Science+Business Media, LLC 2009.},
Doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-79205-7_8},
Key = {fds267689}
}
@article{fds267763,
Author = {Abebe, ES and Moorman, CT and Dziedzic, TS and Spritzer, CE and Cothran,
RL and Taylor, DC and Garrett, WE and DeFrate, LE},
Title = {Femoral tunnel placement during anterior cruciate ligament
reconstruction: an in vivo imaging analysis comparing
transtibial and 2-incision tibial tunnel-independent
techniques.},
Journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
Volume = {37},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1904-1911},
Year = {2009},
Month = {October},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19687514},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Recent studies have questioned the ability of
the transtibial technique to place the anterior cruciate
ligament graft within the footprint of the anterior cruciate
ligament on the femur. There are limited data directly
comparing the abilities of transtibial and tibial
tunnel-independent techniques to place the graft
anatomically at the femoral attachment site of the anterior
cruciate ligament in patients. HYPOTHESIS: Because placement
with the tibial tunnel-independent technique is
unconstrained by the tibial tunnel, it would allow for more
anatomic tunnel placement compared with the transtibial
technique. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study; Level of
evidence, 3. METHODS: High-resolution, multiplanar magnetic
resonance imaging and advanced 3-dimensional modeling
techniques were used to measure in vivo femoral tunnel
placement in 8 patients with the transtibial technique and 8
patients with a tibial tunnel-independent technique. Femoral
tunnel placement in 3 dimensions was measured relative to
the center of the native anterior cruciate ligament
attachment on the intact contralateral knee. RESULTS: The
tibial tunnel-independent technique placed the graft closer
to the center of the native anterior cruciate ligament
attachment compared with the transtibial technique. The
transtibial technique placed the tunnel center an average of
9 mm from the center of the anterior cruciate ligament
attachment, compared with 3 mm for the tibial
tunnel-independent technique. The transtibial technique
resulted in a more anterior and superior placement of the
tunnel compared with the tibial tunnel- independent
technique. CONCLUSION: The tibial tunnel-independent
technique allowed for more anatomic femoral tunnel placement
compared with the transtibial technique.},
Doi = {10.1177/0363546509340768},
Key = {fds267763}
}
@misc{fds267649,
Author = {Moorman, CT and Kaseta, MKA},
Title = {Formal Open Repair of the Achilles Tendon},
Pages = {83-92},
Booktitle = {The Achilles Tendon: Treatment and Rehabilitation},
Publisher = {Springer},
Editor = {Nunley, JA},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds267649}
}
@article{fds267732,
Author = {Escamilla, RF and Zheng, N and Imamura, R and MacLeod, TD and Edwards,
WB and Hreljac, A and Fleisig, GS and Wilk, KE and Moorman, CT and Andrews,
JR},
Title = {Cruciate ligament force during the wall squat and the
one-leg squat},
Journal = {Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise},
Volume = {41},
Number = {2},
Pages = {408-417},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {0195-9131},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181882c6d},
Abstract = {PURPOSE: To compare cruciate ligament forces during wall
squat and one-leg squat exercises. METHODS: Eighteen
subjects performed the wall squat with feet closer to the
wall (wall squat short), the wall squat with feet farther
from the wall (wall squat long), and the one-leg squat. EMG,
force, and kinematic variables were input into a
biomechanical model using optimization. A three-factor
repeated-measure ANOVA (P < 0.05) with planned
comparisons was used. RESULTS: Mean posterior cruciate
ligament (PCL) forces were significantly greater in 1) wall
squat long compared with wall squat short (0°-80° knee
angles) and one-leg squat (0°-90° knee angles); 2) wall
squat short compared with one-leg squat between 0°-20° and
90° knee angles; 3) wall squat long compared with wall
squat short (70°-0° knee angles) and one-leg squat
(90°-60° and 20°-0° knee angles); and 4) wall squat
short compared with one-leg squat between 90°-70° and 0°
knee angles. Peak PCL force magnitudes occurred between 80°
and 90° knee angles and were 723 ± 127 N for wall squat
long, 786 ± 197 N for wall squat short, and 414 ± 133 N
for one-leg squat. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) forces
during one-leg squat occurred between 0°and 40°knee
angles, with a peak magnitude of 59 ± 52 N at 30°knee
angle. Quadriceps force ranged approximately between 30 and
720 N, whereas hamstring force ranged approximately between
15 and 190 N. CONCLUSIONS: Throughout the 0°-90°knee
angles, the wall squat long generally exhibited
significantly greater PCL forces compared with the wall
squat short and one-leg squat. PCL forces were similar
between the wall squat short and the one-leg squat. ACL
forces were generated only in the one-leg squat. All
exercises appear to load the ACL and the PCL within a safe
range in healthy individuals. © 2009 by the American
College of Sports Medicine.},
Doi = {10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181882c6d},
Key = {fds267732}
}
@article{fds267733,
Author = {Escamilla, RF and Zheng, N and Macleod, TD and Edwards, WB and Imamura,
R and Hreljac, A and Fleisig, GS and Wilk, KE and Moorman, CT and Andrews,
JR},
Title = {Patellofemoral joint force and stress during the wall squat
and one-leg squat},
Journal = {Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise},
Volume = {41},
Number = {4},
Pages = {879-888},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {0195-9131},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818e7ead},
Abstract = {Purpose: To compare patellofemoral compressive force and
stress during the one-leg squat and two variations of the
wall squat. Methods: Eighteen subjects used their 12
repetition maximum (12 RM) weight while performing the wall
squat with the feet closer to the wall (wall squat short),
the wall squat with the feet farther away from the wall
(wall squat long), and the one-leg squat. EMG, force
platform, and kinematic variables were input into a
biomechanical model to calculate patellofemoral compressive
force and stress as a function of knee angle. To asses
differences among exercises, a one-factor repeated-measure
ANOVA (P = 0.0025) was used. Results: During the squat
ascent, there were significant differences in patellofemoral
force and stress among the three squat exercises at 90°
knee angle (P = 0.002), 80° knee angle (P = 0.002), 70°
knee angle (P < 0.001), and 60° knee angle (P = 0.001).
Patellofemoral force and stress were significantly greater
at 90° knee angle in the wall squat short compared with
wall squat long and one-leg squat, significantly greater at
70° and 80° knee angles in the wall squat short and long
compared with the one-leg squat and significantly greater at
60° knee angle in the wall squat long compared with the
wall squat short and one-leg squat. Conclusions: Except at
60° and 90° knee angles, patellofemoral compressive force
and stress were similar between the wall squat short and the
wall squat long. Between 60° and 90° knee angles, wall
squat exercises generally produced greater patellofemoral
compressive force and stress compared with the one-leg
squat. When the goal is to minimize patellofemoral
compressive force and stress, it may be prudent to use a
smaller knee angle range between 0° and 50° compared with
a larger knee angle range between 60° and 90°. © 2009 The
American College of Sports Medicine.},
Doi = {10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818e7ead},
Key = {fds267733}
}
@article{fds267734,
Author = {Escamilla, RF and Fleisig, GS and DeRenne, C and Taylor, MK and III,
CTM and Imamura, R and Barakatt, E and Andrews, JR},
Title = {Effects of bat grip on baseball hitting kinematics},
Journal = {Journal of applied biomechanics},
Volume = {25},
Number = {3},
Pages = {203-209},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {1065-8483},
Abstract = {A motion system collected 120-Hz data from 14 baseball adult
hitters using normal and choke-up bat grips. Six swings were
digitized for each hitter, and temporal and kinematic
parameters were calculated. Compared with a normal grip, the
choke-up grip resulted in 1) less time during stride phase
and swing; 2) the upper torso more opened at lead foot
contact; 3) the pelvis more closed and less bat linear
velocity at bat-ball contact; 4) less range of motion of the
upper torso and pelvis during swing; 5) greater elbow
flexion at lead foot contact; and 6) greater peak right
elbow extension angular velocity. The decreased time during
the stride phase when using a choke-up grip implies that
hitters quicken their stride when they choke up. Less swing
time duration and less upper torso and pelvis rotation range
of motion using the choke-up grip supports the belief of
many coaches and players that using a choke-up grip results
in a "quicker" swing. However, the belief that using a
choke-up grip leads to a faster moving bat was not supported
by the results of this study. © 2009 Human Kinetics,
Inc.},
Key = {fds267734}
}
@article{fds267735,
Author = {Escamilla, RF and Fleisig, GS and DeRenne, C and Taylor, MK and III,
CTM and Imamura, R and Barakatt, E and Andrews, JR},
Title = {A comparison of age level on baseball hitting
kinematics},
Journal = {Journal of applied biomechanics},
Volume = {25},
Number = {3},
Pages = {210-218},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {1065-8483},
Abstract = {We propose that learning proper hitting kinematics should be
encouraged at a young age during youth baseball because this
may help reinforce proper hitting kinematics as a player
progresses to higher levels of baseball in their adult
years. To enhance our understanding between youth and adult
baseball hitting, kinematic and temporal analyses of
baseball hitting were evaluated with a high-speed motion
analysis system between 12 skilled youth and 12 skilled
adult baseball players. There were only a small number of
temporal differences between youth and adult hitters, with
adult hitters taking significantly greater time than youth
hitters during the stride phase and during the swing.
Compared with youth hitters, adult hitters a) had
significantly greater (p < .01) lead knee flexion when
the hands started to move forward; b) flexed the lead knee
over a greater range of motion during the transition phase
(31° versus 13° ); c) extended the lead knee over a
greater range of motion during the bat acceleration phase
(59° versus 32° ); d) maintained a more open pelvis
position at lead foot off ground; and e) maintained a more
open upper torso position when the hands started to move
forward and a more closed upper torso position at bat-ball
contact. Moreover, adult hitters had greater peak upper
torso angular velocity (857° /s versus 717° /s), peak left
elbow extension angular velocity (752° /s versus 598° /s),
peak left knee extension angular velocity (386° /s versus
303° /s), and bat linear velocity at bat-ball contact (30
m/s versus 25 m/s). The numerous differences in kinematic
and temporal parameters between youth and adult hitters
suggest that hitting mechanics are different between these
two groups. © 2009 Human Kinetics, Inc.},
Key = {fds267735}
}
@article{fds267756,
Author = {Abebe, ES and Moorman, CT and Garrett, WE},
Title = {Proximal hamstring avulsion injuries: Injury mechanism,
diagnosis and disease course},
Journal = {Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine},
Volume = {17},
Number = {4},
Pages = {205-209},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {1060-1872},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.otsm.2009.12.004},
Abstract = {The hamstrings group is made up of three two-joint muscles
whose unique anatomy and functional properties during
movement make this group particularly susceptible to muscle
stain injury along the extensive muscle-tendon junctions,
particularly during high-speed activities like sprinting.
Proximal strains injury to the hamstring can also occur from
unopposed stretch that can lead to a possible avulsion
injury. An office examination will identify numerous
clinical signs and symptoms of strain injury, but an MR
image is helpful for defining the extent of a proximal
injury. The common strain injury is treated with RICE while
the choice of treatment for a proximal injury is dependent
upon the number of tendons involved and the amount of tissue
retraction. Early surgical intervention is advocated to
avoid complications from a chronic injury. © 2009 Elsevier
Inc.},
Doi = {10.1053/j.otsm.2009.12.004},
Key = {fds267756}
}
@article{fds267730,
Author = {Cook, C and Nguyen, L and Hegedus, E and Sandago, A and Pietrobon, R and Constantinou, D and Chuckpaiwong, B and Sandhu, J and Moorman,
CT},
Title = {Continental variations in preoperative and postoperative
management of patients with anterior cruciate ligament
repair.},
Journal = {European journal of physical and rehabilitation
medicine},
Volume = {44},
Number = {3},
Pages = {253-261},
Year = {2008},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1973-9087},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18500213},
Abstract = {AIM: Surgeon decision making for non-operative anterior
cruciate ligament (ACL) treatment and postoperative
rehabilitation is influenced by a myriad of factors. The aim
of this study was to investigate intercontinental
differences in surgeon decision making for care of the ACL
deficient patient. The authors hypothesized that significant
variation in clinical decision of ACL deficient patients
existed among surgeons in different continents. METHODS:
This study involved a survey design, which met the checklist
for reporting results of internet e-surveys (CHERRIES)
guidelines. The survey was administered to orthopedic
surgeons in 15 countries and involved standardized follow up
and design. Questions related to non-operative care
management and postoperative/rehabilitative management were
provided to each respondent. Statistical analyses included
multivariate comparisons among continents and regression
findings for likelihood of targeting longer term
non-operative treatment. RESULTS: Over six hundred (634)
surgeons completed the survey, representing six continents.
Continental variations were found in non-operative surgical
decision making and postoperative/rehabilitative management.
Significant differences were noted in nearly all clinical
decision making categories. CONCLUSION: Variations do exist
across continents in the non-operative and
postoperative/rehabilitative management of patients with an
ACL tear. Continental variations and disparate emphases such
as activity level, age during injury, and bracing influenced
treatment decision making, which could lead to variations in
outcomes, costs, and appropriate care.},
Key = {fds267730}
}
@article{fds267672,
Author = {Garrigues, GE and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Tackling Football Injuries: The Lower Extremity},
Journal = {The Journal of Musculoskeletal Medicine},
Volume = {25},
Number = {6},
Pages = {290-294},
Year = {2008},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds267672}
}
@article{fds267702,
Author = {Queen, RM and Fedorcik, GG and Abbey, AN and III, MCT and Ruch,
DS},
Title = {Differences in Wrist Kinematics between Low and High
Handicap Golfers},
Journal = {Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise},
Volume = {40},
Number = {5},
Pages = {S377-S377},
Year = {2008},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0195-9131},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000208070903192&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1249/01.mss.0000322612.35024.e5},
Key = {fds267702}
}
@article{fds267725,
Author = {Sohn, DH and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Meniscal debridement: current concepts.},
Journal = {The journal of knee surgery},
Volume = {21},
Number = {2},
Pages = {145-153},
Year = {2008},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1538-8506},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18500068},
Abstract = {The meniscus is a commonly injured structure in the knee.
When intact, it serves multiple biomechanical functions that
protect the underlying articular cartilage. When injured, it
can cause pain and mechanical symptoms that restrict
activity. Although meniscal tears can be effectively treated
with arthroscopic debridement, there is concern that any
amount of meniscectomy, no matter how small, is a risk
factor for the development of long-term osteoarthritis. This
article reviews current concepts in arthroscopic meniscal
debridement, including clinical outcome studies, to
understand which factors affect outcome after this commonly
performed procedure.},
Key = {fds267725}
}
@article{fds267754,
Author = {Queen, RM and Charnock, BL and Garrett, WE and Hardaker, WM and Sims,
EL and Moorman, CT},
Title = {A comparison of cleat types during two football-specific
tasks on FieldTurf.},
Journal = {British journal of sports medicine},
Volume = {42},
Number = {4},
Pages = {278-284},
Year = {2008},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717058},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of different cleat plate
configurations on plantar pressure during two tasks. DESIGN:
Thirty-six athletes ran an agility course 5 times while
wearing 4 different types of Nike Vitoria cleats: (1)
bladed, (2) elliptical firm ground, (3) hard ground and (4)
turf. Plantar pressure data were recorded during a side cut
and a cross cut using Pedar-X insoles. SETTING: Controlled
laboratory study PARTICIPANTS: No history of lower extremity
injury in the past 6 months, no previous foot or ankle
surgery, not currently wearing foot orthotics and play a
cleated sport at least twice a week. MAIN OUTCOME
MEASUREMENTS: Total foot contact time, contact area, maximum
force, peak pressure and the force-time integral (FTI) in
the medial, middle and lateral regions of the forefoot were
collected. A 1x4 ANOVA (alpha = 0.05) was performed on each
dependent variable. A Bonferroni adjustment was conducted
(alpha = 0.008). RESULTS: In the cross cut task, statistical
differences between cleats were observed in three variables:
total foot peak pressure, lateral forefoot FTI, and lateral
forefoot normalised maximum force. In the side cut task,
statistical differences between cleats were observed in 4
variables: total foot peak pressure, the medial and middle
forefoot FTI, and the medial and middle forefoot normalised
maximum force. CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences in
forefoot loading patterns existed between cleat types. Based
on the results of this study, it might be beneficial to
increase the forefoot cushioning in cleats in an attempt to
decrease loading in these regions of the
foot.},
Doi = {10.1136/bjsm.2007.036517},
Key = {fds267754}
}
@article{fds267724,
Author = {Moorman, CT and Murphy Zane and MS and Bansai, S and Cina, SJ and Wickiewicz, TL and Warren, RF and Kaseta, MK},
Title = {Tibial insertion of the posterior cruciate ligament: a
sagittal plane analysis using gross, histologic, and
radiographic methods.},
Journal = {Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopy and Related
Surgery},
Volume = {24},
Number = {3},
Pages = {269-275},
Year = {2008},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18308177},
Abstract = {PURPOSE: The literature is imprecise regarding the ideal
tibial site for the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
placement. We detail anatomic and radiographic landmarks for
consistent placement of graft fixation in PCL
reconstruction. METHODS: Fourteen fresh-frozen cadaver knees
were sectioned in the sagittal plane. The distance from the
posterior cortex of the tibia to the anterior edge of the
PCL was measured. Three specimens were fixed in 10% formalin
and stained using hematoxylin-eosin and trichrome to
determine ligament fiber distribution and insertion. Two
knees were used for radiographic analysis of pin placement.
RESULTS: The mean distance across the PCL facet from the
posterior cortex to the anterior edge of the PCL was 15.6 mm
(+/-1.1 mm). Histologic analysis in three knees showed that
the PCL fibers inserting along the PCL facet comprise the
bulk of the ligament, while the fibers that insert along the
posterior cortex are less than 0.5 mm thick. CONCLUSIONS:
The bulk of the PCL inserts in the posterior half of the PCL
facet. We show that, in the sagittal plane, the center of
the working fibers of the PCL lies 7 mm anterior to the
posterior cortex of the tibia, measured along the PCL facet.
Tunnel placement at the center of the original ligament can
be measured along the PCL facet as seen in a true lateral
radiographic view. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study provides
anatomic and radiographic criteria helpful for guide-pin
placement in arthroscopic PCL reconstruction.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.arthro.2007.08.032},
Key = {fds267724}
}
@article{fds325185,
Author = {Bytomski, JR and Boggess, B and Berkoff, D and Moorman, C and Howes,
C},
Title = {Electrolyte Replacement Strips and Their Effect On
Performance and Cramping: A Survey Study},
Journal = {Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine},
Volume = {18},
Number = {2},
Year = {2008},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds325185}
}
@article{fds267752,
Author = {Hegedus, EJ and Goode, A and Campbell, S and Morin, A and Tamaddoni, M and Moorman, CT and Cook, C},
Title = {Physical examination tests of the shoulder: a systematic
review with meta-analysis of individual tests.},
Journal = {British journal of sports medicine},
Volume = {42},
Number = {2},
Pages = {80-92},
Year = {2008},
Month = {February},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17720798},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To compile and critique research on the
diagnostic accuracy of individual orthopaedic physical
examination tests in a manner that would allow clinicians to
judge whether these tests are valuable to their practice.
METHODS: A computer-assisted literature search of MEDLINE,
CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus databases (1966 to October 2006)
using keywords related to diagnostic accuracy of physical
examination tests of the shoulder. The Quality Assessment of
Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) tool was used to
critique the quality of each paper. Meta-analysis through
meta-regression of the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was
performed on the Neer test for impingement, the
Hawkins-Kennedy test for impingement, and the Speed test for
superior labral pathology. RESULTS: Forty-five studies were
critiqued with only half demonstrating acceptable high
quality and only two having adequate sample size. For
impingement, the meta-analysis revealed that the pooled
sensitivity and specificity for the Neer test was 79% and
53%, respectively, and for the Hawkins-Kennedy test was 79%
and 59%, respectively. For superior labral (SLAP) tears, the
summary sensitivity and specificity of the Speed test was
32% and 61%, respectively. Regarding orthopaedic special
tests (OSTs) where meta-analysis was not possible either due
to lack of sufficient studies or heterogeneity between
studies, the list that demonstrates both high sensitivity
and high specificity is short: hornblowers's sign and the
external rotation lag sign for tears of the rotator cuff,
biceps load II for superior labral anterior to posterior
(SLAP) lesions, and apprehension, relocation and anterior
release for anterior instability. Even these tests have been
under-studied or are from lower quality studies or both. No
tests for impingement or acromioclavicular (AC) joint
pathology demonstrated significant diagnostic accuracy.
CONCLUSION: Based on pooled data, the diagnostic accuracy of
the Neer test for impingement, the Hawkins-Kennedy test for
impingement and the Speed test for labral pathology is
limited. There is a great need for large, prospective,
well-designed studies that examine the diagnostic accuracy
of the numerous physical examination tests of the shoulder.
Currently, almost without exception, there is a lack of
clarity with regard to whether common OSTs used in clinical
examination are useful in differentially diagnosing
pathologies of the shoulder.},
Doi = {10.1136/bjsm.2007.038406},
Key = {fds267752}
}
@article{fds267726,
Author = {Wittstein, J and Moorman, CT and Levin, LS},
Title = {Endoscopic compartment release for chronic exertional
compartment syndrome.},
Journal = {Journal of surgical orthopaedic advances},
Volume = {17},
Number = {2},
Pages = {119-121},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1548-825X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18549745},
Abstract = {Chronic exertional compartment syndrome is a condition that
typically fails conservative management and requires a
fasciotomy for the patient to return to activity.
Fasciotomies performed through single or multiple incisions
may fail to fully release the fascia of the afflicted
compartment(s) and also may result in injury to
neurovascular structures that cannot be visualized.
Endoscopic assistance may minimize the intraoperative and
postoperative complications associated with compartment
release and offer improved cosmesis. This article describes
an endoscopically assisted technique using a balloon
dissector designed to address the shortcomings of open and
semi-blind techniques.},
Key = {fds267726}
}
@article{fds267767,
Author = {Adams, SB and Radkowski, CA and Zura, RD and Moorman,
CT},
Title = {Complete quadriceps tendon rupture with concomitant tears of
the anterior cruciate ligament and lateral
meniscus.},
Journal = {Orthopedics},
Volume = {31},
Number = {1},
Pages = {88},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0147-7447},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19292150},
Key = {fds267767}
}
@article{fds267678,
Author = {Moorman, CT},
Title = {Special Focus: Current Concepts in Meniscal Surgery:
Foreward},
Journal = {The journal of knee surgery},
Volume = {21},
Pages = {144-144},
Publisher = {Georg Thieme Verlag},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {1538-8506},
Key = {fds267678}
}
@article{fds267723,
Author = {3rd, CTM and Zane, MSM and Bansai, S and Cina, SJ and Wickiewicz, TL and Warren, RF and Kaseta, MK},
Title = {Tibial insertion of the posterior cruciate ligament: a
sagittal plane analysis using gross, histologic, and
radiographic methods.},
Journal = {Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopy and Related
Surgery},
Volume = {24},
Number = {3},
Pages = {269-275},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {1526-3231},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2007.08.032},
Abstract = {PURPOSE: The literature is imprecise regarding the ideal
tibial site for the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
placement. We detail anatomic and radiographic landmarks for
consistent placement of graft fixation in PCL
reconstruction. METHODS: Fourteen fresh-frozen cadaver knees
were sectioned in the sagittal plane. The distance from the
posterior cortex of the tibia to the anterior edge of the
PCL was measured. Three specimens were fixed in 10% formalin
and stained using hematoxylin-eosin and trichrome to
determine ligament fiber distribution and insertion. Two
knees were used for radiographic analysis of pin placement.
RESULTS: The mean distance across the PCL facet from the
posterior cortex to the anterior edge of the PCL was 15.6 mm
(+/-1.1 mm). Histologic analysis in three knees showed that
the PCL fibers inserting along the PCL facet comprise the
bulk of the ligament, while the fibers that insert along the
posterior cortex are less than 0.5 mm thick. CONCLUSIONS:
The bulk of the PCL inserts in the posterior half of the PCL
facet. We show that, in the sagittal plane, the center of
the working fibers of the PCL lies 7 mm anterior to the
posterior cortex of the tibia, measured along the PCL facet.
Tunnel placement at the center of the original ligament can
be measured along the PCL facet as seen in a true lateral
radiographic view. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study provides
anatomic and radiographic criteria helpful for guide-pin
placement in arthroscopic PCL reconstruction.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.arthro.2007.08.032},
Key = {fds267723}
}
@article{fds267727,
Author = {Moorman, CT},
Title = {Current concepts in meniscal surgery. Foreword.},
Journal = {The journal of knee surgery},
Volume = {21},
Number = {2},
Pages = {144-},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {1538-8506},
Key = {fds267727}
}
@article{fds267728,
Author = {Escamilla, RF and Zheng, N and MacLeod, TD and Edwards, WB and Hreljac,
A and Fleisig, GS and Wilk, KE and III, CTM and Imamura,
R},
Title = {Patellofemoral compressive force and stress during the
forward and side lunges with and without a
stride},
Journal = {Clinical Biomechanics},
Volume = {23},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1026-1037},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {0268-0033},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2008.05.002},
Abstract = {Background: Although weight bearing lunge exercises are
frequently employed during patellofemoral rehabilitation,
patellofemoral compressive force and stress are currently
unknown for these exercises. Methods: Eighteen subjects used
their 12 repetition maximum weight while performing forward
and side lunges with and without a stride. EMG, force
platform, and kinematic variables were input into a
biomechanical model, and patellofemoral compressive force
and stress were calculated as a function of knee angle.
Findings: Patellofemoral force and stress progressively
decreased as knee flexion increased and progressively
increased as knee flexion decreased. Patellofemoral force
and stress were greater in the side lunge compared to the
forward lunge between 80° and 90° knee angles, and greater
with a stride compared to without a stride between 10° and
50° knee angles. There were no significant interactions
between lunge variations and stride variations.
Interpretation: A more functional knee flexion range between
0° and 50° may be appropriate during the early phases of
patellofemoral rehabilitation due to lower patellofemoral
compressive force and stress during this range compared to
higher knee angles between 60° and 90°. Moreover, when the
goal is to minimize patellofemoral compressive force and
stress, it may be prudent to employ forward and side lunges
without a stride compared to with a stride, especially at
lower knee angles between 0° and 50°. Understanding
differences in patellofemoral compressive force and stress
among lunge variations may help clinicians prescribe safer
and more effective exercise interventions. ©
2008.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2008.05.002},
Key = {fds267728}
}
@article{fds267729,
Author = {Moorman, CT and Hussain, SS and Warren, RF and Deng, X-H and Wickiewicz,
TL and Torzilli, PA},
Title = {Anatomy of the coracoacromial veil.},
Journal = {Journal of surgical orthopaedic advances},
Volume = {17},
Number = {2},
Pages = {69-73},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {1548-825X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18549734},
Abstract = {The coracoacromial (CA) ligament plays an important role in
the stability of the shoulder joint by limiting superior
translation of the glenohumeral joint. This ligament is
further divided into anterolateral and posteromedial bands.
Attached to the CA ligament, a supportive structure was
noted in some previous studies. The purpose of this study
was to learn more about the anatomy of this structure.
Twenty-eight shoulders were obtained. Deltoid and trapezius
muscles were removed without damaging the rotator cuff and
coracoacromial arch. The CA ligament was dissected further
to reveal two constituent bands, an anterolateral and a
posteromedial band. A connective tissue structure was noted
between the posteromedial band, CA ligament, and rotator
interval capsule. This structure was oriented as an L-shaped
curtain, which the authors termed the "coracoacromial veil."
Anatomical position of this veil provides a stabilizing link
between the CA ligament and the rotator interval capsule.
This structure potentially limits inferior translation of
the glenohumeral joint.},
Key = {fds267729}
}
@article{fds267731,
Author = {Escamilla, RF and Zheng, N and Macleod, TD and Edwards, WB and Hreljac,
A and Fleisig, GS and Wilk, KE and III, CTM and Imamura, R and Andrews,
JR},
Title = {Patellofemoral joint force and stress between a short- and
long-step forward lunge},
Journal = {The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical
therapy},
Volume = {38},
Number = {11},
Pages = {681-690},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {0190-6011},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2008.2694},
Abstract = {Fish eye STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory biomechanics
study using a repeated-measures, counterbalanced design.
Fish eye OBJECTIVES: To compare patellofemoral joint force
and stress between a short- and long-step forward lunge both
with and without a stride. Fish eye BACKGROUND: Although
weight-bearing forward-lunge exercises are frequently
employed during rehabilitation for individuals with
patellofemoral joint syndrome, patellofemoral joint force
and stress and how they change with variations of the lunge
exercise are currently unknown. Fish eye METHODS AND
MEASURES: Eighteen subjects used their 12-repetition maximum
weight while performing a short- and long-step forward lunge
both with and without a stride. Electromyography, ground
reaction force, and kinematic variables were put into a
biomechanical optimization model, and patellofemoral joint
force and stress were calculated as a function of knee
angle. Fish eye RESULTS: Visual observation of the data show
that during the forward lunge, patellofemoral joint force
and stress increased progressively as knee flexion
increased, and decreased progressively as knee flexion
decreased. Between 70° and 90° of knee flexion,
patellofemoral joint force and stress were significantly
greater when performing a forward lunge with a short step
compared to a long step (P<.025). Between 10° and 40°
of knee flexion, patellofemoral joint force and stress were
significantly greater when performing a forward lunge with a
stride compared to without a stride (P<.025). Fish eye
CONCLUSIONS: When the goal is to minimize patellofemoral
joint force and stress during the forward lunge performed
between 0° to 90° knee angles, it may be prudent to
perform the lunge with a long step compared to a short step,
and without a stride compared to with a stride, because
patellofemoral joint force and stress magnitudes were
greater with a short step compared to a long step at higher
knee flexion angles and were greater with a stride compared
to without a stride at lower knee flexion
angles.},
Doi = {10.2519/jospt.2008.2694},
Key = {fds267731}
}
@article{fds267755,
Author = {Yu, B and Queen, RM and Abbey, AN and Liu, Y and Moorman, CT and Garrett,
WE},
Title = {Hamstring muscle kinematics and activation during overground
sprinting},
Journal = {Journal of Biomechanics},
Volume = {41},
Number = {15},
Pages = {3121-3126},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {0021-9290},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.09.005},
Abstract = {Hamstring muscle strain injury is one of the most commonly
seen injuries in sports such as track and field, soccer,
football, and rugby. The purpose of this study was to
advance our understanding of the mechanisms of hamstring
muscle strain injuries during over ground sprinting by
investigating hamstring muscle-tendon kinematics and muscle
activation. Three-dimensional videographic and
electromyographic (EMG) data were collected for 20 male
runners, soccer or lacrosse players performing overground
sprinting at their maximum effort. Hamstring muscle-tendon
lengths, elongation velocities, and linear envelop EMG data
were analyzed for a running gait cycle of the dominant leg.
Hamstring muscles exhibited eccentric contractions during
the late stance phase as well as during the late swing phase
of overground sprinting. The peak eccentric contraction
speeds of the hamstring muscles were significantly greater
during the late swing phase than during the late stance
phase (p=0.001) while the hamstring muscle-tendon lengths at
the peak eccentric contraction speeds were significantly
greater during the late stance phase than during the late
swing phase (p=0.001). No significant differences existed in
the maximum hamstring muscle-tendon lengths between the two
eccentric contractions. The potential for hamstring muscle
strain injury exists during the late stance phase as well as
during the late swing phases of overground sprinting. ©
2008 Elsevier Ltd.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.09.005},
Key = {fds267755}
}
@article{fds267673,
Author = {Garrigues, GE and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Football Injuries, Part I – Tackling football issues on
and off the field: Upper extremity injuries},
Journal = {The Journal of Musculoskeletal Medicine},
Volume = {24},
Number = {9},
Pages = {393-399},
Year = {2007},
Month = {September},
Key = {fds267673}
}
@article{fds267705,
Author = {Jr, GWE and Moorman, CT and Taylor, DC and Urbaniak,
JR},
Title = {In memorium: Frank H. Bassett III, MD (1928-2007)},
Journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
Volume = {35},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1017-1018},
Year = {2007},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0363-5465},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000246802000023&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1177/0363546507303723},
Key = {fds267705}
}
@article{fds267677,
Author = {Queen, RM and Makihara, Y and Moorman, CT and Fowler, DE and Garrett,
WE},
Title = {Kinematic Analysis of the Lower Extremity During Sprinting
at Maximum and Sub-maximum Speeds},
Journal = {Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise},
Volume = {39},
Number = {Supplement},
Pages = {S474-S474},
Year = {2007},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0195-9131},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000274878.00745.29},
Doi = {10.1249/01.mss.0000274878.00745.29},
Key = {fds267677}
}
@article{fds267722,
Author = {Berkoff, DJ and Cairns, CB and Sanchez, LD and Moorman,
CT},
Title = {Heart rate variability in elite American track-and-field
athletes.},
Journal = {Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research},
Volume = {21},
Number = {1},
Pages = {227-231},
Year = {2007},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1064-8011},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17313294},
Abstract = {Prolonged training leads to changes in autonomic cardiac
balance. This sympathetic and parasympathetic balance can
now be studied using heart rate variability (HRV). Studies
have shown that endurance athletes have an elevated level of
parasympathetic tone in comparison to sedentary people. The
effect of resistance training on autonomic tone is less
clear. We hypothesized a significant difference in HRV
indices in endurance-trained vs. power-trained
track-and-field athletes. One hundred forty-five athletes
(58 women) were tested prior to the 2004 U.S.A. Olympic
Trials. Heart rate variability data were collected using the
Omegawave Sport Technology System. Subjects were grouped
according to training emphasis and gender. The mean age of
the athletes was 24.8 years in each group. There were
significant (p < 0.01) differences by sex in selected
frequency domain variables (HFnu, LFnu, LH, LHnu) and for
PNN50 (p < 0.04) for the time domain variables. Two-factor
analyses of variance showed differences for only the main
effect of sex and not for any other grouping method or
interaction. Elite athletes have been shown to have higher
parasympathetic tone than recreational athletes and
nonathletes. Our data show differences by sex, but not
between aerobically and power-based athletes. Whether this
is due to an aerobic component of resistance training, an
overall prolonged training effect, or some genetic
difference remains unclear. Further study is needed to
assess the impact of resistance training programs on
autonomic tone and cardiovascular fitness. This information
will be valuable for the practitioner to use in assessing an
athlete's response to a prescribed training
regimen.},
Doi = {10.1519/R-20135.1},
Key = {fds267722}
}
@article{fds267674,
Author = {Moorman, CT},
Title = {Shoulder Replacement: Better Than It Sounds},
Journal = {Duke Medicine Health News},
Number = {July},
Pages = {1-1},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds267674}
}
@article{fds267675,
Author = {Moorman, CT},
Title = {How Can I Treat Shin Splints?},
Journal = {Natural Health},
Number = {June},
Pages = {26-26},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds267675}
}
@article{fds267676,
Author = {Moorman, CT},
Title = {Leadership and Ethics in Sports},
Journal = {The Portal},
Volume = {3},
Number = {1},
Pages = {11-14},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds267676}
}
@article{fds267764,
Author = {Guettler, JH and Ruskan, GJ and Bytomski, JR and Brown, CR and Richardson, JK and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Fifth metatarsal stress fractures in elite basketball
players: evaluation of forces acting on the fifth
metatarsal.},
Journal = {American Journal of Orthopedics},
Volume = {35},
Number = {11},
Pages = {532-536},
Year = {2006},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1078-4519},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17152977},
Abstract = {Our hypothesis in this study was that significant forces act
on the fifth metatarsal during certain maneuvers commonly
performed while playing basketball and that medial arch
support influences these forces. Eleven male collegiate
basketball players participated in this study. Electronic
pressure sensors capable of dynamic readings were inserted
into the players' shoes, and surface electromyographic (EMG)
electrodes were placed over the peroneus longus and brevis
muscles. The players performed 3 common maneuvers postulated
to place maximal stress on the fifth metatarsal. The
maneuvers were performed in a standard basketball shoe, then
in a shoe with an orthosis supporting the arch. During each
of these maneuvers, EMG activity of the ankle everters was
recorded, along with maximal force, total work, and time
elapsed beneath the fifth metatarsal.},
Key = {fds267764}
}
@article{fds267720,
Author = {Pietrobon, R and Shah, A and Kuo, P and Harker, M and McCready, M and Butler, C and Martins, H and Moorman, CT and Jacobs,
DO},
Title = {Duke Surgery Research Central: an open-source Web
application for the improvement of compliance with research
regulation.},
Journal = {BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making},
Volume = {6},
Pages = {32},
Year = {2006},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16872540},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although regulatory compliance in academic
research is enforced by law to ensure high quality and
safety to participants, its implementation is frequently
hindered by cost and logistical barriers. In order to
decrease these barriers, we have developed a Web-based
application, Duke Surgery Research Central (DSRC), to
monitor and streamline the regulatory research process.
RESULTS: The main objective of DSRC is to streamline
regulatory research processes. The application was built
using a combination of paper prototyping for system
requirements and Java as the primary language for the
application, in conjunction with the Model-View-Controller
design model. The researcher interface was designed for
simplicity so that it could be used by individuals with
different computer literacy levels. Analogously, the
administrator interface was designed with functionality as
its primary goal. DSRC facilitates the exchange of
regulatory documents between researchers and research
administrators, allowing for tasks to be tracked and
documents to be stored in a Web environment accessible from
an Intranet. Usability was evaluated using formal usability
tests and field observations. Formal usability results
demonstrated that DSRC presented good speed, was easy to
learn and use, had a functionality that was easily
understandable, and a navigation that was intuitive.
Additional features implemented upon request by initial
users included: extensive variable categorization (in
contrast with data capture using free text), searching
capabilities to improve how research administrators could
search an extensive number of researcher names, warning
messages before critical tasks were performed (such as
deleting a task), and confirmatory e-mails for critical
tasks (such as completing a regulatory task). CONCLUSION:
The current version of DSRC was shown to have excellent
overall usability properties in handling research regulatory
issues. It is hoped that its release as an open-source
application will promote improved and streamlined regulatory
processes for individual academic centers as well as larger
research networks.},
Doi = {10.1186/1472-6947-6-32},
Key = {fds267720}
}
@article{fds267718,
Author = {Richards, RS and Curl, LA and Moorman, CT and Mallon,
WJ},
Title = {Sterile synovio-cutaneous fistula: a potential complication
of repair of large and massive rotator cuff
tears.},
Journal = {Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery},
Volume = {15},
Number = {4},
Pages = {436-439},
Year = {2006},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1058-2746},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16831647},
Abstract = {We present 4 patients who underwent mobilization and repair
of large or massive rotator cuff tears (maximum dimension,
>/=3.0 cm). In all 4 patients, sterile synovio-cutaneous
fistulas developed within several weeks of the index
procedure. All required further debridement surgery,
multiply in 3 cases, with 1 case requiring a rotational flap
for wound closure. Tissue at surgery appeared necrotic and
avascular, with extensive inflammatory response, and we
postulate that this was possibly related to the extensive
mobilization needed to achieve cuff closure. Despite the
complications, all fistulas eventually were closed, and all
4 patients were eventually satisfied with the functional
status of their shoulders. We conclude that a sterile
synovio-cutaneous fistula is a possible complication of
mobilization and repair of large or massive rotator cuff
tears.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jse.2005.03.008},
Key = {fds267718}
}
@article{fds267704,
Author = {Garrett, WE and III, MCT and Hardaker, WM and Queen,
RM},
Title = {Plantar Pressure Differences between Cleat Plate
Configurations During a Side-Cut Task on
FieldTurf},
Journal = {Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise},
Volume = {38},
Number = {5},
Pages = {S107-S107},
Year = {2006},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0195-9131},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000208070800424&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1249/00005768-200605001-00501},
Key = {fds267704}
}
@article{fds267770,
Author = {Wilson, JB and Zarzour, R and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Spinal injuries in contact sports.},
Journal = {Current Sports Medicine Reports},
Volume = {5},
Number = {1},
Pages = {50-55},
Year = {2006},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1537-8918},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16483517},
Keywords = {Athletic Injuries* Brachial Plexus Neuropathies Humans
Intervertebral Disk Displacement Ligaments, Articular
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quadriplegia Spinal Injuries*
Spine Spondylolisthesis Spondylolysis Sprains and Strains
Time Factors anatomy & histology diagnosis etiology injuries
pathology therapy},
Abstract = {Contact and collision sports such as American football
expose the athlete to a wide array of potential injuries.
Knee injuries garner much of the attention, but spinal
injuries are potentially catastrophic and all levels of
medical coverage of football must be knowledgeable and
prepared to attend to an athlete with a neck injury. Of the
other possible spinal conditions, some resolve on their own,
others might require conservative therapy, and still others
might require surgical intervention. The spectrum of
potential injury is wide, yet the medical team must practice
and prepare to treat the possible catastrophic neck
injury.},
Key = {fds267770}
}
@article{fds267716,
Author = {Wittstein, JR and Wilson, JB and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Complications Related to Hamstring Tendon
Harvest},
Journal = {Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine},
Volume = {14},
Number = {1},
Pages = {15-19},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1060-1872},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.otsm.2006.02.008},
Abstract = {The semitendinosus, gracilis, and patellar tendons are the
most commonly harvested grafts for anterior cruciate
ligament reconstruction. The use of hamstring autografts
offers the advantage of preserved quadriceps function,
decreased anterior knee pain, and reduced risk of patellar
tendon rupture and patellar fracture when compared with
bone-patellar tendon-bone autografts. Harvesting of the
semitendinosus and gracilis tendons is, however, not without
complications including injuries to branches of the
saphenous nerve, donor site pain, medial collateral ligament
injury, premature graft amputation, and temporary hamstring
weakness. We review the anatomy of the semitendinosus and
gracilis tendons, describe potential morbidities of tendon
harvesting, and discuss techniques that may minimize these
complications. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1053/j.otsm.2006.02.008},
Key = {fds267716}
}
@article{fds267717,
Author = {Wilson, JB and Wittstein, JR and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Patella Fractures With Bone–Patella Tendon–Bone
Autografts for Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Reconstruction},
Journal = {Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine},
Volume = {14},
Number = {1},
Pages = {2-7},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1060-1872},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.otsm.2006.04.007},
Abstract = {The bone-tendon-bone autograft currently is the most widely
used graft for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
reconstructions, although numerous other allograft and
autograft choices are available. Patella fractures after ACL
reconstructions using bone-tendon-bone autografts are a
recognized, but rarely reported, complication. The incidence
of such fractures has been reported to be between 0.23% and
2.3%. Patella fractures can occur either intraoperatively,
from an overly aggressive bony resection, or
postoperatively, from direct trauma. Intraoperative
fractures typically are longitudinal fissures whereas
postoperative patella fractures commonly are stellate or
transverse. Nondisplaced fractures can be treated
nonoperatively with rigid knee immobilization whereas
displaced fractures should be treated with open reduction
and internal fixation. When rapid rehabilitation is
paramount, some authors have advocated that all fracture
patterns received rigid fixation for earlier movement and
more rapid restoration of the extensor mechanism. Regardless
of treatment protocol, numerous authors have shown minimal
long term sequela and comparable final outcomes whether a
fracture is present or not. We review the anatomy of the
extensor mechanism, the surgical technique of properly
harvesting the bone-patella tendon-bone autograft, and
various treatment protocols for the management of patella
fractures. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1053/j.otsm.2006.04.007},
Key = {fds267717}
}
@article{fds267769,
Author = {Radkowski, CA and Richards, RS and Pietrobon, R and Moorman,
CT},
Title = {An anatomic study of the cephalic vein in the deltopectoral
shoulder approach.},
Journal = {Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
®},
Volume = {442},
Pages = {139-142},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0009-921X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16394752},
Keywords = {Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Cadaver Humans Middle Aged
Shoulder Veins anatomy & histology*},
Abstract = {There has been debate regarding medial or lateral retraction
of the cephalic vein in the deltopectoral approach to the
shoulder. Those who recommend lateral retraction of the vein
cite multiple feeder vessels from the deltoid muscle;
however, there is little evidence to support this in the
orthopaedic literature. The purpose of our study was to
determine if there are more lateral branches than medial
branches to the cephalic vein in the deltopectoral groove.
Forty fresh frozen cadaveric shoulders underwent retrograde
latex injection of the cephalic vein. A deltopectoral
incision was used, and the numbers of medial and lateral
branches were recorded. In the deltopectoral groove there
were more lateral than medial feeder vessels to the cephalic
vein. There also were more branches to the vein in the
proximal (1/2) of the incision compared with the distal
(1/2). Most of the specimens dissected had more lateral
branches to the cephalic vein than medial branches. Based on
the number of feeder vessels to the cephalic vein, results
of our study support lateral retraction of the cephalic vein
in a majority of shoulders during the deltopectoral approach
to the shoulder.},
Key = {fds267769}
}
@article{fds106307,
Title = {Garrett WE, Moorman CT 3rd, Hardaker WM, Queen RM. Plantar
Pressure Differences between Cleat Plate Configurations
During a Side-Cut Task on FieldTurf: 1040: 5:00 PM - 5:15
PM. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006 May;38(5 Suppl):S107.},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds106307}
}
@article{fds106311,
Title = {Queen RM, Hardaker WM, Garrett WE Jr, Moorman CT 3rd. The
effect of cleat plate configuration on lower extremity
kinematics and performance on field turf: 750: 4:45 PM -
5:00 PM. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006 May;38(5
Suppl):S41.},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds106311}
}
@misc{fds267650,
Author = {Moinfar, AR and Lorenz, DS and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Posterolateral Corner},
Pages = {567-577},
Booktitle = {Clinical Sports Medicine},
Publisher = {Elsevier},
Editor = {Johnson, DL and Mair, SD},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds267650}
}
@misc{fds267651,
Author = {Moorman, CT and Bassett, FH},
Title = {The Role of The Team Physician},
Pages = {3-8},
Booktitle = {Clinical Sports Medicine},
Publisher = {Elsevier},
Editor = {Johnson, DL and Mair, SD},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds267651}
}
@article{fds267692,
Author = {Moinfar, AR and Lorenz, DS and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Posterolateral Corner},
Journal = {Clinical Sports Medicine},
Pages = {567-577},
Year = {2006},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-032302588-1.50058-0},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-032302588-1.50058-0},
Key = {fds267692}
}
@article{fds267693,
Author = {III, CTM and III, FHB},
Title = {The Role of the Team Physician},
Journal = {Clinical Sports Medicine},
Pages = {3-8},
Year = {2006},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-032302588-1.50004-X},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-032302588-1.50004-X},
Key = {fds267693}
}
@article{fds267715,
Author = {III, CTM},
Title = {Introduction},
Journal = {Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine},
Volume = {14},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {1060-1872},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.otsm.2006.05.001},
Doi = {10.1053/j.otsm.2006.05.001},
Key = {fds267715}
}
@article{fds267719,
Author = {Yu, J and Higgins, LD and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Technique for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.},
Journal = {Journal of surgical orthopaedic advances},
Volume = {15},
Number = {3},
Pages = {154-159},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {1548-825X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17087884},
Abstract = {Modern arthroscopic tools and techniques have allowed
surgeons to operate on a wide variety of injuries using
procedures less invasive than traditional open methods. For
shoulder surgery in general, and rotator cuff repairs
specifically, methods now yield a similar footprint as open
procedures with several advantages, including reduced tissue
trauma, postoperative pain, swelling, and concern about the
deltoid attachment, which should lead to good
outcomes.},
Key = {fds267719}
}
@article{fds267721,
Author = {Otteni, JF and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Rotator cuff injuries in the contact athlete.},
Journal = {Journal of surgical orthopaedic advances},
Volume = {15},
Number = {3},
Pages = {140-144},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {1548-825X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17087882},
Abstract = {Rotator cuff injuries in contact athletes are typically a
result of a different mechanism than that seen with older
patients or overhead athletes. This unique mechanism along
with the extreme demands of these athletes presents special
challenges to the surgeon. Special consideration should be
given to in-season rehabilitation to allow the athlete to
continue to compete if possible. When this is not possible,
or for the out-of-season athlete with a rotator cuff injury
requiring surgery, special consideration must be given to
obtaining the strongest repair possible. The goal in all
aspects of treatment is returning the athlete to full
participation safely while minimizing recurrent injury or
disability during the recovery process.},
Key = {fds267721}
}
@article{fds267753,
Author = {Larsen, MW and Jr, WEG and DeLee, JC and III, CTM},
Title = {Surgical management of anterior cruciate ligament injuries
in patients with open physes},
Journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic
Surgeons},
Volume = {14},
Number = {13},
Pages = {736-744},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {1067-151X},
Abstract = {Because of the increasing number of skeletally immature
athletes who compete in highly demanding sports, more
children than previously are sustaining anterior cruciate
ligament injuries. Treatment and patient compliance with
treatment recommendations are problematic. Pediatric issues
include those specific to evaluation, projected growth, and
surgery. Strict activity modification can protect the knee
from further injury and delay surgery, sometimes until
maturity. Surgical options include physeal-sparing, partial
transphyseal, and complete transphyseal procedures. Surgical
procedures are demanding because typical drilling and
fixation techniques can affect the physis and possibly lead
to growth disturbances. A wide range of growth disturbances
has been reported; these must be understood to perfect
surgical technique and avoid potential growth concerns.
Surgical challenges, options regarding delayed surgery, and
possible outcomes all need to be clearly communicated to the
patient and parents. Copyright 2006 by the American Academy
of Orthopaedic Surgeons.},
Key = {fds267753}
}
@article{fds267768,
Author = {Shuler, MS and Jasper, LE and Rauh, PB and Mulligan, ME and III,
CTM},
Title = {Tunnel convergence in combined anterior cruciate ligament
and posterolateral corner reconstruction},
Journal = {Arthroscopy - Journal of Arthroscopic and Related
Surgery},
Volume = {22},
Number = {2},
Pages = {193-198},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {1526-3231},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2005.12.001},
Keywords = {Anterior Cruciate Ligament Cadaver Femur Humans Orthopedic
Procedures anatomy & histology* surgery*},
Abstract = {Purpose: To examine the geometric relationship between
tunnels created in the lateral femoral condyle in
reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and
the posterolateral structures. Methods: The geometric
relationship between a standard ACL tunnel and 11 lateral
femoral tunnel variations in synthetic femur specimens was
examined. Tunnel collision frequency and tunnel separation
were measured radiographically. Subsequent evaluation was
performed on 7 paired cadaveric specimens (14 knees) to
access the efficacy of 2 configurations. Results: Phase I -
Tunnel collision frequency was 0% and 58% for 25-mm and
30-mm tunnel depths, respectively. Axial angles greater than
40° and coronal angles <20° resulted in unsafe
configurations. The safest position for lateral tunnel
placement was straight lateral approach (0° in the coronal
plane) with increased axial plane orientation (hand dropped
toward the floor 40°). The safe zone for lateral tunnel
configuration was determined to be between [0,0] and [0,40]
([coronal, axial]). Phase II - Control group ([0,0])
collision frequencies were 43% and 86% for the 25-mm 30-mm
tunnels, respectively. Experimental group ([0,40]) collision
frequencies were 29% and 43% for the 25-mm and 30-mm tunnel,
respectively. In femoral condyles measuring <35 mm,
collision rates were 100% versus 0% in the control group
([0,0]) versus the experimental group ([0,40]). In specimens
where no collision was seen, tunnel separation distance was
4.5 ± 4.4 mm and 5.8 ± 2.2 mm for the control and
experimental groups, respectively (P = .39). Conclusions:
Tunnel collision occurred often. Tunnel collision is
dependent on femoral condyle geometry, tunnel depth, and
tunnel configuration. To minimize the potential for tunnel
collision, the surgeon should maintain a neutral alignment
in the coronal plane, limit lateral tunnel depth to ≤25
mm, and direct the lateral tunnel anteriorly in the axial
plane to a maximum of 40°. Clinical Relevance: This study
describes guidelines for tunnel placement to prevent tunnel
collision when performing combined ACL and posterolateral
corner reconstruction. © 2006 by the Arthroscopy
Association of North America.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.arthro.2005.12.001},
Key = {fds267768}
}
@article{fds267771,
Author = {Escamilla, RF and McTaggart, MSC and Fricklas, EJ and DeWitt, R and Kelleher, P and Taylor, MK and Hreljac, A and III,
CTM},
Title = {An electromyographic analysis of commercial and common
abdominal exercises: Implications for rehabilitation and
training},
Journal = {The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical
therapy},
Volume = {36},
Number = {2},
Pages = {45-57},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {0190-6011},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2006.2054},
Keywords = {Abdominal Muscles Adolescent Adult Biomechanics
Electromyography* Exercise Female Humans Male Physical
Therapy (Specialty) United States physiology*},
Abstract = {Study Design: A repeated-measures, counterbalanced design.
Objectives: To test the effectiveness of 7 commercial
abdominal machines (Ab Slide, Ab Twister, Ab Rocker, Ab
Roller, Ab Doer, Torso Track, SAM) and 2 common abdominal
exercises (crunch, bent-knee sit-up) on activating abdominal
and extraneous (nonabdominal) musculature. Background:
Numerous abdominal machine exercises are believed to be
effective in activating abdominal musculature and minimizing
low back stress, but there are minimal data to substantiate
these claims. Many of these exercises also activate
nonabdominal musculature, which may or may not be
beneficial. Methods and Measures: A convenience sample of 14
subjects performed 5 repetitions for each exercise.
Electromyographic (EMG) data were recorded for upper and
lower rectus abdominis, external and internal oblique,
pectoralis major, triceps brachii, latissimus dorsi, lumbar
paraspinals, and rectus femoris, and then normalized by
maximum muscle contractions. Results: Upper and lower rectus
abdominis EMG activities were greatest for the Ab Slide,
Torso Track, crunch, and Ab Roller, while external and
internal oblique EMG activities were greatest for the Ab
Slide, Torso Track, crunch, and bent-knee sit-up. Pectoralis
major, triceps brachii, and latissimus dorsi EMG activities
were greatest for the Ab Slide and Torso Track. Lumbar
paraspinal EMG activities were greatest for the Ab Doer,
while rectus femoris EMG activities were greatest for the
bent-knee sit-up, SAM, Ab Twister, Ab Rocker, and Ab Doer.
Conclusions: The Ab Slide and Torso Track were the most
effective exercises in activating abdominal and upper
extremity muscles while minimizing low back and rectus
femoris (hip flexion) activity. The Ab Doer, Ab Twister, Ab
Rocker, SAM, and bent-knee sit-up may be problematic for
individuals with low back pathologies due to relatively high
rectus femoris activity.},
Doi = {10.2519/jospt.2006.2054},
Key = {fds267771}
}
@article{fds267703,
Author = {Berkoff, B and Davis, D and Moorman, CT and Cairns,
CB},
Title = {Changes in Parasympathetic tone in elite athletes: Power
versus endurance, is there a difference?},
Journal = {Annals of Emergency Medicine},
Volume = {46},
Number = {3},
Pages = {S8-S9},
Year = {2005},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0196-0644},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000231741000026&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds267703}
}
@article{fds267773,
Author = {Moorman, CT and LaPrade, RF},
Title = {Anatomy and biomechanics of the posterolateral corner of the
knee.},
Journal = {The journal of knee surgery},
Volume = {18},
Number = {2},
Pages = {137-145},
Year = {2005},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1538-8506},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15915835},
Keywords = {Biomechanics Humans Knee Joint Ligaments, Articular Muscle,
Skeletal Tendons anatomy & histology anatomy & histology*
physiology physiology*},
Key = {fds267773}
}
@article{fds267714,
Author = {Hodrick, JT and III, CTM},
Title = {ACL reconstruction failure and posterolateral
corner},
Journal = {Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review},
Volume = {13},
Number = {2},
Pages = {103-108},
Year = {2005},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jsa.0000155046.67935.4b},
Abstract = {It is estimated that more than 100,000 ACL reconstructions
are performed each year. Recurrent instability has been
cited as a frequent complication. Recently, there has been
increased attention directed toward the anatomy and
treatment of the posterolateral aspect of the knee. Because
much research has been dedicated to ACL reconstruction,
little has been written regarding the relationship between
ACL reconstruction failure and the posterolateral aspect of
the knee. This study serves to review the anatomy,
biomechanics, diagnostic features, and surgical management
of failed ACL reconstruction with concomitant posterolateral
rotatory instability (PLRI). Copyright © 2005 by Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins.},
Doi = {10.1097/01.jsa.0000155046.67935.4b},
Key = {fds267714}
}
@article{fds267772,
Author = {Hakim, M and Hage, W and Lovering, RM and III, CTM and Curl, LA and Deyne,
PGD},
Title = {Dexamethasone and recovery of contractile tension after a
muscle injury},
Journal = {Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
®},
Volume = {439},
Number = {439},
Pages = {235-242},
Year = {2005},
ISSN = {0009-921X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.blo.0000177716.70404.f9},
Keywords = {Animals Anti-Inflammatory Agents Biological Markers
Dexamethasone Interleukin-1 Male Muscle Contraction Muscle,
Skeletal Myositis Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Recovery of
Function Sprains and Strains Transforming Growth Factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta1 drug effects drug effects*
drug therapy drug therapy* genetics injuries* pathology
pharmacology* physiology physiopathology},
Abstract = {Muscle strains, frequently the result of a lengthening
contraction, sometimes are treated with corticosteroids. We
tested whether an injection of dexamethasone administered
soon after muscle injury would minimize inflammation and
facilitate the recovery of contractile tension. We applied
one eccentric contraction on the tibialis anterior of 76
rats, which were randomly assigned to one of three groups:
sham-injured plus dexamethasone, injured plus vehicle, and
injured plus dexamethasone. Electrophysiology, histology,
and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were
used to study the relation between contractile tension,
inflammation, and the expression of inflammatory molecules.
The single eccentric contraction led to a reversible muscle
injury characterized initially by reduced contractile
tension and inflammation. The dexamethasone injection
reduced the expression of interleukin-1β and transforming
growth factor-β1 compared with injured vehicle-injected
controls and led to a transient improvement of contractile
tension 3 days after the injury. No adverse effects were
seen for as much as 3 weeks after the dexamethasone
injection. The data indicate that one dose of dexamethasone
administered soon after muscle strain may facilitate
recovery of contractile tension without causing major
adverse consequences in this experimental model. © 2005
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.},
Doi = {10.1097/01.blo.0000177716.70404.f9},
Key = {fds267772}
}
@article{fds267774,
Author = {Lovering, RM and Hakim, M and III, CTM and Deyne,
PGD},
Title = {The contribution of contractile pre-activation to loss of
function after a single lengthening contraction},
Journal = {Journal of Biomechanics},
Volume = {38},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1501-1507},
Year = {2005},
ISSN = {0021-9290},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.07.008},
Keywords = {Animals Male Muscle Contraction* Muscle, Skeletal Physical
Stimulation Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Recovery of Function
Stress, Mechanical adverse effects injuries* physiology
physiopathology*},
Abstract = {Purpose: Some muscle injuries are the result of a single
lengthening contraction. Our goal was to evaluate the
contributions of angular velocity, arc of motion, and timing
of contractile activation relative to the onset of joint
motion in an animal model of muscle injury using a single
lengthening contraction. Methods: The intact tibialis
anterior (TA) muscle of rats was activated while lengthened,
preceded by a maximal isometric contraction of 0, 25, 50,
100, or 200 ms. The lengthening contraction was performed at
two different angular velocities (300 or 900°/s) and
through two different arcs of motion (90° or 45°).
Results: Muscle contractile function, as measured by maximal
isometric tetanic tension, was significantly decreased only
when the TA was activated at least 50 ms prior to the
motion, regardless of angular velocity or arc of motion.
Conclusion: The data indicated that the duration of an
isometric contraction prior to a single lengthening
contraction determined the extent of muscle injury
irrespective of two different angular velocities. © 2004
Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.07.008},
Key = {fds267774}
}
@article{fds267775,
Author = {Larsen, MW and Moinfar, AR and 3rd, CTM},
Title = {Posterolateral corner reconstruction: fibular-based
technique.},
Journal = {The journal of knee surgery},
Volume = {18},
Number = {2},
Pages = {163-166},
Year = {2005},
ISSN = {1538-8506},
Keywords = {Femur Fibula Humans Joint Instability Knee Injuries Tendons
surgery surgery* transplantation*},
Key = {fds267775}
}
@article{fds267778,
Author = {Moorman, CT and Johnson, DC and Pavlov, H and Barnes, R and Warren, RF and Speer, KP and Guettler, JH},
Title = {Hyperconcavity of the lumbar vertebral endplates in the
elite football lineman.},
Journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
Volume = {32},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1434-1439},
Year = {2004},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0363-5465},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15310568},
Keywords = {Adaptation, Physiological Adult Athletic Injuries
Biomechanics Case-Control Studies Football Humans
Intervertebral Disk Intervertebral Disk Displacement Lumbar
Vertebrae Lumbosacral Region Male Weight-Bearing etiology
injuries* pathology* radiography radiography*},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hyperconcavity of the vertebral endplates is a
previously unreported radiologic phenomenon. PURPOSE: To
analyze hyperconcavity of the vertebral endplates with
expansion of the disk space in pre-National Football League
lineman and to determine its clinical significance. STUDY
DESIGN: Descriptive anatomical study. METHODS: Over a 2-year
period (1992-1993), 266 elite football linemen were
evaluated at the National Football League scouting combine
held in Indianapolis, Indiana. Evaluation focused on the
lumbosacral spine and included history, physical
examination, and lateral radiographs. Measurements were
taken of all the vertebral endplate defects of involved
vertebrae and compared with an age-matched control group of
110 patients. RESULTS: The analyzed data revealed the
following: (1) hyperconcavity of the vertebral endplates
appeared as a distinct entity in a high percentage of
pre-National Football League lineman (33%) compared with
age-matched controls (8%), (2) there was a trend toward a
lower incidence of lumbosacral spine symptoms in those
players who displayed hyperconcavity of the vertebral
endplates (16%) versus those who did not (25%), and (3) when
hyperconcavity of the vertebral endplates was present, all 5
lumbosacral disk spaces were commonly affected. CONCLUSIONS:
Hyperconcavity of the vertebral endplates and hypertrophy of
the disk space are likely adaptive changes occurring over
time in response to the repetitive high loading and axial
stress experienced in football line play.},
Doi = {10.1177/0363546504264930},
Key = {fds267778}
}
@misc{fds267652,
Author = {Richards, RS and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Open Surgical Treatment},
Pages = {133-149},
Booktitle = {The Multiple Ligament Injured Knee - A Practical Guide to
Management},
Publisher = {Springer Verlag},
Editor = {Fanelli, GC},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds267652}
}
@article{fds267777,
Author = {Bales, CR and Guettler, JH and III, CTM},
Title = {Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in children with open
physes: Evolving strategies of treatment},
Journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
Volume = {32},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1978-1985},
Year = {2004},
ISSN = {0363-5465},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546504271209},
Keywords = {Anterior Cruciate Ligament Athletic Injuries Child Growth
Plate Humans Knee Injuries anatomy & histology injuries*
physiology* surgery therapy*},
Abstract = {Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament is one of the most
common sports-related injuries of the knee. Before the
1980s, the incidence of this injury in skeletally immature
patients was thought to be rare. However, with the
increasing participation of children in sports-related
activities and an increased awareness and diagnostic
capability of the medical community, midsubstance tears of
the anterior cruciate ligament have become more common in
patients with open physes. Significant controversy exists
regarding management of anterior cruciate ligament injuries
in children with open physes. Traditional management has
been nonoperative, consisting of physical therapy, bracing,
and activity modification. Surgical reconstruction has
generally been postponed until the patient is nearing, or
has reached, skeletal maturity. In contrast to this
traditional treatment algorithm, the recent literature
uniformly indicates that nonoperative management of anterior
cruciate ligament tears in children results in less than
optimal results. Compliance is certainly an issue, and even
though patients may refrain from organized sports
activities, they are still going to be "kids." Recurrent
instability, pain, and an inability to return to the
preinjury level of athletics often result. Even more
worrisome are the risks of secondary meniscal tears and the
possibility of early degenerative joint disease. Recently,
there has been an increased interest in early, aggressive
operative management to restore stability to the immature
knee. Proponents of nonoperative treatment point to the risk
of growth arrest associated with violation of the physis.
Proponents of early operative stabilization advocate that
restoration of stability provides for opportunity to return
to full activity and provides good long-term outcomes, all
with minimal risk to the physis. This article reviews both
the basic science and clinical research on this
controversial topic.},
Doi = {10.1177/0363546504271209},
Key = {fds267777}
}
@article{fds267779,
Author = {Klineberg, EO and Crites, BM and Flinn, WR and Archibald, JD and III,
CTM},
Title = {The Role of Arteriography in Assessing Popliteal Artery
Injury in Knee Dislocations},
Journal = {Journal of Trauma - Injury, Infection and Critical
Care},
Volume = {56},
Number = {4},
Pages = {786-790},
Year = {2004},
ISSN = {0022-5282},
Keywords = {Adolescent Adult Aged Angiography Child Female Humans Injury
Severity Score Knee Dislocation Male Middle Aged Popliteal
Artery Retrospective Studies complications* injuries*
radiography surgery},
Abstract = {Background: This study aimed to review the need for
angiography among patients with traumatic knee dislocations,
and to evaluate any adverse consequences associated with the
clinical decision to pursue or defer angiography. Methods: A
retrospective analysis was performed for 55 patients (57
knees) with traumatic knee dislocation during a 7-year
period. The presence or absence of arterial injury was
assessed via physical examination (to determine presence of
foot pulses and ankle-brachial index ≥ 0.80) and, in
selected cases, via angiography. Results: At the vascular
examination, 32 knees (56%) were found to be normal and 25
(44%) to be abnormal. None of the 32 knees with normal
examination results had substantial vascular injuries, as
determined by angiography in 13 cases (41%) or by clinical
follow-up assessment in 19 cases (59%). All 25 patients with
abnormal vascular examination results underwent angiography,
with 12 patients (48%) demonstrating vascular injury (7
major and 5 minor injury). Seven patients (6 with major and
1 with minor injury) underwent surgical repair with reverse
saphenous vein grafting. Conclusions: No limb with initial
normal vascular examination results was found to have a
vascular injury that required treatment. Routine screening
angiography may not be necessary for all patients with
traumatic knee dislocations.},
Key = {fds267779}
}
@article{fds267780,
Author = {Scopp, JM and Jasper, LE and Belkoff, SM and III,
CTM},
Title = {The Effect of Oblique Femoral Tunnel Placement on Rotational
Constraint of the Knee Reconstructed Using Patellar Tendon
Autografts},
Journal = {Arthroscopy - Journal of Arthroscopic and Related
Surgery},
Volume = {20},
Number = {3},
Pages = {294-299},
Year = {2004},
ISSN = {1526-3231},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2004.01.001},
Keywords = {Aged Aged, 80 and over Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Biomechanics Cadaver Humans Joint Instability Knee Joint
Middle Aged Range of Motion, Articular* Reconstructive
Surgical Procedures Rotation Tendons methods* physiology
surgery surgery* transplantation*},
Abstract = {Purpose: Despite the high long-term success rates of
anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions, 8% of
patients undergoing this primary procedure have recurrent
disability and graft failure. Nonanatomic tunnel positioning
(primarily of the femoral tunnel) accounts for most of all
technical failures. We hypothesized that reconstructions
that closely recreate the oblique femoral attachment of the
ACL would result in more normal knee rotational stability
than more vertical reconstruction. The purpose of this study
was to determine whether obliquity of the femoral tunnel in
the coronal (frontal) plane has an effect on rotational
constraint after ACL reconstruction, as measured by anterior
tibial translation, external rotation, and internal
rotation. Type of Study: Ex vivo biomechanical study.
Methods: Ten matched pairs of fresh-frozen cadaver knees
were alternately assigned to a standard or an oblique tunnel
position reconstruction. Each knee was tested at 30° and
90° of flexion on a materials testing machine in
ACL-intact, ACL-sectioned, and ACL-reconstructed states. A
100-N load was applied at a rate of 10 N/second, and
anterior tibial translation was measured. Then 6.5 Nm of
torque were applied, and external tibial rotation and
internal tibial rotation were measured. The effects of
tunnel placement and ligament condition were analyzed with a
repeated measures analysis of variance. Significance was set
at P≤.05 (Tukey's test). Results: At 30° of flexion,
internal tibial rotation in oblique reconstruction was
restored to intact values and was significantly less than
the internal tibial rotation values in standard
reconstruction. Internal tibial rotation in standard
reconstruction was significantly greater than intact values.
No significant differences were found between standard and
oblique tunnel reconstructions and the respective intact
values for the remaining internal tibial rotation and all
external tibial rotation tests, regardless of flexion angle.
Conclusions: In our biomechanical model, ACL reconstructions
using oblique femoral tunnels restored normal knee
kinematics.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.arthro.2004.01.001},
Key = {fds267780}
}
@article{fds267776,
Author = {Richards, RS and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Use of autograft quadriceps tendon for double-bundle
posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.},
Journal = {Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopy and Related
Surgery},
Volume = {19},
Number = {8},
Pages = {906-915},
Year = {2003},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1526-3231},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14551558},
Keywords = {Braces Humans Joint Instability Knee Injuries Menisci,
Tibial Osteonecrosis Patella Posterior Cruciate Ligament
Postoperative Complications Suture Techniques Tendons Tibia
Transplantation, Autologous etiology injuries rehabilitation
surgery surgery* transplantation transplantation*},
Abstract = {Many graft choices are available for the reconstruction of
the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)-deficient knee. These
choices range from multiple autograft and allograft sources.
Preoperative planning must take into account the viability
of knee autografts and the availability of allografts. The
nature of the PCL injury must also be taken into account,
such as whether only the PCL is deficient or the PCL lesion
is part of a complex multiple ligament-injured knee. Our
institution has begun to use the central quadriceps tendon
bone autograph for multiple types of PCL reconstructions.
This paper discusses the surgical techniques used to harvest
and secure a double-bundle central quadriceps tendon bone
autograph for PCL reconstructions using both open and
arthroscopic approaches.},
Key = {fds267776}
}
@article{fds267679,
Author = {GUETTLER, JH and MOORMAN, CT},
Title = {Reconstruction of the Posterolateral Corner of the
Knee},
Journal = {Techniques in Knee Surgery},
Volume = {2},
Number = {1},
Pages = {53-62},
Year = {2003},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1536-0636},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00132588-200303000-00006},
Doi = {10.1097/00132588-200303000-00006},
Key = {fds267679}
}
@article{fds267712,
Author = {III, CTM and Warren, RF and Hershman, EB and Crowe, JF and Potter, HG and Barnes, R and O'Brien, SJ and Guettler, JH},
Title = {Traumatic posterior hip subluxation in American
football},
Journal = {Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - Series
A},
Volume = {85},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1190-1196},
Year = {2003},
ISSN = {0021-9355},
Keywords = {Accidental Falls Adolescent Adult Arthroplasty, Replacement,
Hip Biomechanics Crutches Diagnosis, Differential Femur Head
Necrosis Follow-Up Studies Football Hip Dislocation* Humans
Ligaments, Articular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male
Physical Examination Physical Therapy Modalities Prognosis
Range of Motion, Articular Risk Factors Suction Treatment
Outcome Videotape Recording Weight-Bearing diagnosis
etiology injuries injuries* surgery therapy},
Abstract = {Background: Traumatic posterior hip subluxation is a
potentially devastating injury that is often misdiagnosed as
a simple hip sprain or strain. The purpose of the present
study was to outline the injury mechanism, pathoanatomy,
clinical and radiographic findings, and treatment of
traumatic hip subluxation in an athletic population.
Methods: Over a nine-year period, eight participants in
American football who had sustained a traumatic posterior
hip subluxation were evaluated and treated. The injury
mechanism, clinical findings, and radiographic findings were
reviewed. The mean duration of follow-up was thirty-four
months. Results: The most common mechanism of injury was a
fall on a flexed, adducted hip. Physical examination
revealed painful limitation of hip motion. Initial
radiographs demonstrated a characteristic posterior
acetabular lip fracture. Initial magnetic resonance images
revealed disruption of the iliofemoral ligament,
hemarthrosis, and a viable femoral head. Two players were
treated acutely with hip aspiration, and all eight players
were treated with a six-week regimen of toe-touch
weight-bearing with use of crutches. Six players recovered
and returned to the previous level of competition. Two
players had development of severe osteonecrosis and
ultimately required total hip arthroplasty. Conclusion: The
pathognomonic radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging
triad of posterior acetabular lip fracture, iliofemoral
ligament disruption, and hemarthrosis defines traumatic
posterior hip subluxation. Patients in whom large
hemarthroses are diagnosed on magnetic resonance images
should undergo acute aspiration, and all players should be
treated with a six-week regimen of toe-touch weight-bearing
with use of crutches. Patients who have no sign of
osteonecrosis on magnetic resonance imaging at six weeks can
safely return to sports activity. Patients in whom
osteonecrosis is diagnosed at six weeks are at risk for
collapse and joint degeneration, and they should be advised
against returning to sports. Level of Evidence: Prognostic
study, Level IV (case series). See Instructions to Authors
for a complete description of levels of evidence.},
Key = {fds267712}
}
@article{fds267713,
Author = {II, RSR and III, CTM},
Title = {Surgical techniques of open surgical reconstruction in the
multiple-ligament-injured knee},
Journal = {Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine},
Volume = {11},
Number = {4},
Pages = {275-285},
Year = {2003},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1060-1872(03)00037-6},
Abstract = {Multiple-ligament injuries of the knee present the
orthopedic surgeon with a myriad of management and treatment
challenges. Often the result of high-energy trauma, such as
motor vehicle and industrial accidents, the
multiple-ligament-injured knee is increasing in frequency
among athletes participating in a variety of sports. These
injuries can be treated by arthroscopic techniques, open
techniques, or a combination of the two. The open surgical
approach has several advantages. First, the approach is
relatively straightforward and is effective in minimizing
operating-room time. Second, all structures can be evaluated
directly and fixed securely. The purpose of this article is
to present the open operative techniques that we use to
reconstruct and repair the multiple-ligament-injured knee.
In the treatment of these injuries, our goal is to create an
environment of controlled arthrofibrosis to provide the
patient with a reconstructed knee that is functionally
stable. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/S1060-1872(03)00037-6},
Key = {fds267713}
}
@article{fds267680,
Author = {Escamilla, R and Fleisig, G and Barrentine, S and Andrews, J and Moorman, C},
Title = {Kinematic and kinetic comparisons between American and
Korean professional baseball pitchers.},
Journal = {Sports Biomechanics},
Volume = {1},
Number = {2},
Pages = {213-228},
Year = {2002},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1476-3141},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14763140208522798},
Abstract = {The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare
kinematic, temporal, and kinetic characteristics of American
and Korean professional pitchers in order to investigate
differences in pitching mechanics, performance, and injury
risks among two different cultures and populations of
baseball pitchers. Eleven American and eight Korean healthy
professional baseball pitchers threw multiple fastball
pitches off an indoor throwing mound positioned at
regulation distance from home plate. A Motion Analysis
three-dimensional automatic digitizing system was used to
collect 200 Hz video data from four electronically
synchronized cameras. Twenty kinematic, six temporal, and 11
kinetic variables were analyzed at lead foot contact, during
the arm cocking and arm acceleration phases, at ball
release, and during the arm deceleration phase. A radar gun
was used to quantify ball velocity. At lead foot contact,
the American pitchers had significantly greater horizontal
abduction of the throwing shoulder, while Korean pitchers
exhibited significantly greater abduction and external
rotation of the throwing shoulder. During arm cocking, the
American pitchers displayed significantly greater maximum
shoulder external rotation and maximum pelvis angular
velocity. At the instant of ball release, the American
pitchers had significantly greater forward trunk tilt and
ball velocity and significantly less knee flexion, which
help explain why the American pitchers had 10% greater ball
velocity compared to the Korean pitchers. The American
pitchers had significantly greater maximum shoulder internal
rotation torque and maximum elbow varus torque during arm
cocking, significantly greater elbow flexion torque during
arm acceleration, and significantly greater shoulder and
elbow proximal forces during arm deceleration. While greater
shoulder and elbow forces and torques generated in the
American pitchers helped generate greater ball velocity for
the American group, these greater kinetics may predispose
this group to a higher risk of shoulder and elbow
injuries.},
Doi = {10.1080/14763140208522798},
Key = {fds267680}
}
@article{fds267788,
Author = {Scopp, JM and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Acute athletic trauma to the hip and pelvis.},
Journal = {Orthopedic Clinics of North America},
Volume = {33},
Number = {3},
Pages = {555-563},
Year = {2002},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0030-5898},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12483951},
Keywords = {Acute Disease Adult Athletic Injuries* Child Fractures,
Bone* Hip Injuries* Humans Pelvic Bones Soft Tissue Injuries
diagnosis injuries* therapy},
Abstract = {Athletic trauma to the hip and pelvis is rare; however, as
football players hit harder and skiers ski faster, the
incidence of high-energy hip and pelvis trauma can be
expected to increase. As the energy of the injury increases,
so do the associated risks. Therefore, a thorough
understanding of on-field recognition and management is a
necessary addition to the armamentarium of the sports
medicine physician.},
Language = {eng},
Key = {fds267788}
}
@article{fds267787,
Author = {Escamilla, RF and Francisco, AC and Kayes, AV and Speer, KP and Moorman,
CT},
Title = {An electromyographic analysis of sumo and conventional style
deadlifts.},
Journal = {Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise},
Volume = {34},
Number = {4},
Pages = {682-688},
Year = {2002},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0195-9131},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11932579},
Keywords = {Adult Anterior Cruciate Ligament Athletic Injuries
Biomechanics Electromyography* Football Humans Kinetics Knee
Joint Male Muscle, Skeletal Posture Protective Devices
Weight Lifting Weight-Bearing injuries physiology
physiology* rehabilitation},
Abstract = {PURPOSE: Strength athletes often employ the deadlift in
their training or rehabilitation regimens. The purpose of
this study was to compare muscle activity between sumo and
conventional style deadlifts, and between belt and no-belt
conditions. METHODS: Six cameras collected 60-Hz video data
and 960-Hz electromyographic data from 13 collegiate
football players who performed sumo and conventional
deadlifts with and without a lifting belt, employing a 12-RM
intensity. Variables measured were knee angles and EMG
measurements from 16 muscles. Muscle activity were averaged
and compared within three 30-degree knee angle intervals
from 90 to 0 degrees during the ascent, and three 30-degree
knee angle intervals from 0 to 90 degrees during the
descent. RESULTS: Overall EMG activity from the vastus
medialis, vastus lateralis, and tibialis anterior were
significantly greater in the sumo deadlift, whereas overall
EMG activity from the medial gastrocnemius was significantly
greater in the conventional deadlift. Compared with the
no-belt condition, the belt condition produced significantly
greater rectus abdominis activity and significantly less
external oblique activity. For most muscles, EMG activity
was significantly greater in the knee extending intervals
compared with the corresponding knee flexing intervals.
Quadriceps, tibialis anterior, hip adductor, gluteus
maximus, L3 and T12 paraspinal, and middle trapezius
activity were significantly greater in higher knee flexion
intervals compared with lower knee flexion intervals,
whereas hamstrings, gastrocnemius, and upper trapezius
activity were greater in lower knee flexion intervals
compared with higher knee flexion intervals. CONCLUSIONS:
Athletes may choose to employ either the sumo or
conventional deadlift style, depending on which muscles are
considered most important according to their training
protocols. Moderate to high co-contractions from the
quadriceps, hamstrings, and gastrocnemius imply that the
deadlift may be an effective closed kinetic chain exercise
for strength athletes to employ during knee
rehabilitation.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1097/00005768-200204000-00019},
Key = {fds267787}
}
@article{fds106282,
Title = {Moorman,C.T.,III, Warren,R.F., Hershman,E.B., O'Brien, S.J.,
Crowe, J., Potter, H.G., Barnes, R., Guettler, J.: Traumatic
Hip Subluxation in American Football. In Press, Journal of
Bone and Joint Surgery, 2002.},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds106282}
}
@article{fds106293,
Title = {Escamilla, R.F., Fleisig,G.S., Barrentine,S.W., Andrews,
J.R., Moorman, C.T.III. Kinematic and Kinetic Comparisons
Between American and Korean Professional Baseball Pitchers,
Sports Biomechanics, Vol 1(2):213-228,2002},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds106293}
}
@article{fds106294,
Title = {Moorman,C.T.,III, Pavlav, J., Speer, K.P., Guettler, J.,
Warren, R.F.: Lumbosacral Endplate Hyuperconcavity in
Pre-NFL Linemen. In preparation for American Journal of
Sports Medicine 2002 (accepted with revision).},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds106294}
}
@article{fds106295,
Title = {Moorman, C.T., III, Murphy, S., Bansal,S., Wickiewicz, T.L.,
Cera,S., Warren, .F.: The Tibial Insertion of the PCL: An
Anotomic, Radiographic and Functional Argument for More
Anterior Graft Placement. Submitted to Arthroscopy, August
2002.},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds106295}
}
@article{fds267794,
Author = {Scopp, JM and Moorman, CT},
Title = {The assessment of athletic hip injury.},
Journal = {Clinics in Sports Medicine},
Volume = {20},
Number = {4},
Pages = {647-659},
Year = {2001},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0278-5919},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11675879},
Keywords = {Adult Arthralgia Athletic Injuries Child Diagnosis,
Differential Diagnostic Imaging Hip Hip Injuries Humans Pain
Measurement Physical Examination Range of Motion, Articular
complications diagnosis* etiology* methods
radiography},
Abstract = {The differential diagnosis of athletic hip pain is
extensive. The physical demands of sport place the athlete
at increased risk to injure the hip. The basis of successful
treatment of the athlete with hip pain lies in the ability
of the physician to assess and diagnose the etiology
accurately. A thorough understanding of the evaluation of
the athlete with hip pain allows for an earlier diagnosis,
earlier treatment, and ultimately an earlier return to
sport.},
Language = {eng},
Key = {fds267794}
}
@article{fds267782,
Author = {Escamilla, RF and Fleisig, GS and Zheng, N and Lander, JE and Barrentine, SW and Andrews, JR and Bergemann, BW and Moorman,
CT},
Title = {Effects of technique variations on knee biomechanics during
the squat and leg press.},
Journal = {Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise},
Volume = {33},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1552-1566},
Year = {2001},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0195-9131},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11528346},
Keywords = {Adult Anterior Cruciate Ligament Biomechanics Humans Knee
Injuries Knee Joint Male Muscle, Skeletal Posterior Cruciate
Ligament Posture Weight Lifting Weight-Bearing injuries
physiology physiology* rehabilitation*},
Abstract = {PURPOSE: The specific aim of this project was to quantify
knee forces and muscle activity while performing squat and
leg press exercises with technique variations. METHODS: Ten
experienced male lifters performed the squat, a high foot
placement leg press (LPH), and a low foot placement leg
press (LPL) employing a wide stance (WS), narrow stance
(NS), and two foot angle positions (feet straight and feet
turned out 30 degrees ). RESULTS: No differences were found
in muscle activity or knee forces between foot angle
variations. The squat generated greater quadriceps and
hamstrings activity than the LPH and LPL, the WS-LPH
generated greater hamstrings activity than the NS-LPH,
whereas the NS squat produced greater gastrocnemius activity
than the WS squat. No ACL forces were produced for any
exercise variation. Tibiofemoral (TF) compressive forces,
PCL tensile forces, and patellofemoral (PF) compressive
forces were generally greater in the squat than the LPH and
LPL, and there were no differences in knee forces between
the LPH and LPL. For all exercises, the WS generated greater
PCL tensile forces than the NS, the NS produced greater TF
and PF compressive forces than the WS during the LPH and
LPL, whereas the WS generated greater TF and PF compressive
forces than the NS during the squat. For all exercises,
muscle activity and knee forces were generally greater in
the knee extending phase than the knee flexing phase.
CONCLUSIONS: The greater muscle activity and knee forces in
the squat compared with the LPL and LPH implies the squat
may be more effective in muscle development but should be
used cautiously in those with PCL and PF disorders,
especially at greater knee flexion angles. Because all
forces increased with knee flexion, training within the
functional 0-50 degrees range may be efficacious for those
whose goal is to minimize knee forces. The lack of ACL
forces implies that all exercises may be effective during
ACL rehabilitation.},
Language = {eng},
Key = {fds267782}
}
@article{fds267785,
Author = {Solan, MC and Moorman, CT and Miyamoto, RG and Jasper, LE and Belkoff,
SM},
Title = {Ligamentous restraints of the second tarsometatarsal joint:
a biomechanical evaluation.},
Journal = {Foot & ankle international / American Orthopaedic Foot and
Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle
Society},
Volume = {22},
Number = {8},
Pages = {637-641},
Year = {2001},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {1071-1007},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11527024},
Keywords = {Biomechanics Humans Ligaments, Articular Toe Joint anatomy &
histology physiology*},
Abstract = {Ligamentous injury of the tarsometatarsal joint complex is
an uncommon, but disabling condition that frequently occurs
in elite athletes. There are few options for managing these
injuries, in part because the relative mechanical
contribution of the ligaments of the tarsometatarsal joint
is unknown, complicating decisions regarding which ligaments
need reconstruction. In the current study, strength and
stiffness of the dorsal, plantar, and Lisfranc ligaments of
20 paired cadaver feet were measured and compared. The
plantar and Lisfranc ligaments were significantly stiffer
and stronger than the dorsal ligament, and the Lisfranc
ligament was significantly stronger and stiffer than the
plantar ligament.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1177/107110070102200804},
Key = {fds267785}
}
@article{fds267711,
Author = {Jaffe, MB and III, CTM},
Title = {Shoulder conditioning for the throwing athlete: The
off-season program},
Journal = {Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {19-23},
Year = {2001},
Abstract = {The shoulder joint is the most mobile joint in the human
body and is therefore at great risk for injury. Much of the
existing literature about shoulder rehabilitation is based
on a recovery-from-injury model. The current report reviews
pertinent anatomy, describes the phases of throwing, and
presents the essentials of a preventive shoulder program
that will assist throwing athletes during the off
season.},
Key = {fds267711}
}
@article{fds267784,
Author = {Levine, WN and Bergfeld, JA and Tessendorf, W and Moorman,
CT},
Title = {Intramuscular corticosteroid injection for hamstring
injuries. A 13-year experience in the National Football
League.},
Journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
Volume = {28},
Number = {3},
Pages = {297-300},
Year = {2000},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0363-5465},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10843118},
Keywords = {Adult Anti-Inflammatory Agents Dexamethasone Football Humans
Injections, Intramuscular Leg Injuries Male Muscle, Skeletal
Retrospective Studies Thigh Treatment Outcome United States
drug therapy* etiology injuries* therapeutic
use*},
Abstract = {The purpose of this study was to assess the safety of
intramuscular corticosteroid injection in selected, severe
hamstring injuries in professional football players.
Clinicians have been reluctant to use corticosteroid
injections in or around muscle-tendon units because of
concern of incomplete healing or rupture. We retrospectively
reviewed the computer database of one National Football
League team for all hamstring injuries requiring treatment
between January 1985 and January 1998. We found that 431
players had suffered such injury. We developed a clinical
grading system to identify hamstring injury severity and to
stratify players for treatment. Fifty-eight players (13%)
sustained severe, discrete injuries with a palpable defect
within the substance of the muscle and were treated with
intramuscular injection of corticosteroid and anesthetic.
There were no complications related to the injection of
corticosteroid. Only nine players (16%) missed any games as
a result of their injury. Final examination revealed no
strength deficits, normal muscle bulk and tone, and the
ability to generate normal power. We believe that the
grading system we developed can assist in selection of
injury type for injection. Although lack of a control group
limits statements of efficacy of injection, our impression
is that intramuscular corticosteroid injection hastens
players' return to full play and lessens the game and
practice time they miss.},
Doi = {10.1177/03635465000280030301},
Key = {fds267784}
}
@misc{fds267653,
Author = {Jaffe, M and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Off-season conditioning program for the throwing
athlete},
Booktitle = {Shoulder Injury in the Throwing Athlete},
Publisher = {WB Saunders},
Editor = {Terry, G},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds267653}
}
@misc{fds267654,
Author = {Levine, WN and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Clavicle and stenoclavicular injuries},
Pages = {535-542},
Booktitle = {Textbook of Sports Medicine},
Publisher = {Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins},
Editor = {Garrett, and Speer},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds267654}
}
@article{fds267781,
Author = {Moorman, CT and Kukreti, U and Fenton, DC and Belkoff,
SM},
Title = {The early effect of ibuprofen on the mechanical properties
of healing medial collateral ligament.},
Journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
Volume = {27},
Number = {6},
Pages = {738-741},
Year = {1999},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0363-5465},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10569359},
Keywords = {Administration, Oral Animals Anti-Inflammatory Agents,
Non-Steroidal Biomechanics Female Ibuprofen Knee Injuries
Medial Collateral Ligament, Knee Rabbits Weight-Bearing drug
effects injuries* pharmacology* rehabilitation* therapeutic
use},
Abstract = {We tested the hypothesis that injured ligaments in rabbits
treated with ibuprofen would have decreased values of
mechanical properties compared with the values of those
treated with a placebo. In 24 New Zealand White rabbits, the
medial collateral ligament of one hindlimb was ruptured; the
contralateral ligament served as an internal control. The
rabbits were treated orally, twice daily, with a 14-day
course of either 35 mg of ibuprofen per kilogram of body
weight or a placebo. The rabbits were sacrificed at 14 or 28
days, and the ligaments were tested in tension to failure at
0.15 mm/sec. There was no statistically significant
difference in the values of mechanical properties of
ligaments from rabbits treated with ibuprofen versus those
treated with placebo at either 14 or 28 days after injury.
Our findings suggest that there is no early deleterious
effect of a short course of ibuprofen on the mechanical
behavior of medial collateral ligaments.},
Doi = {10.1177/03635465990270060901},
Key = {fds267781}
}
@article{fds267793,
Author = {Crites, BM and Moorman, CT and Hardaker, WT},
Title = {Spine injuries associated with falls from hunting tree
stands.},
Journal = {Journal of the Southern Orthopaedic Association},
Volume = {7},
Number = {4},
Pages = {241-245},
Year = {1998},
ISSN = {1059-1052},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9876993},
Keywords = {Accidental Falls* Adolescent Adult Aged Humans Leisure
Activities* Middle Aged Retrospective Studies Spinal
Injuries Trees etiology*},
Abstract = {Spinal injuries resulting from falls out of tree stands are
often associated with concomitant neurologic deficit,
prolonged hospitalization, and long-term disability. The
purpose of this study was to review the types of spinal
injuries that resulted from falls from hunting tree stands.
We retrospectively reviewed 27 patients who came to our
institution for treatment of spine injuries related to
tree-stand accidents between 1981 and 1997. Eleven percent
of the falls were alcohol related. Mean height of the fall
was 19.6 feet (range, 10 to 35 feet). There were 17 burst
fractures, 8 wedge compression fractures, 4 fractures
involving the posterior elements, and 1 coronal fracture of
the sacral body. Significant neurologic injury occurred in
12 patients (44%). Sixteen patients (59%) had associated
injuries. Nine patients (33%) had open reduction, internal
fixation, and fusion of their spine fractures. One patient
was treated with a halo jacket. The remaining patients were
treated in rigid, molded, polypropylene thoracolumbar
orthoses or lumbosacral corsets. Accidental falls from tree
stands may result in significant spinal fractures often
associated with concomitant neurologic injury, extended
hospitalization, and permanent disability. Many of these
injuries may be prevented through aggressive hunter safety
education.},
Key = {fds267793}
}
@article{fds267790,
Author = {Cohen, SB and Dines, DM and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Familial calcification of the superior transverse scapular
ligament causing neuropathy.},
Journal = {Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
®},
Number = {334},
Pages = {131-135},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0009-921X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9005905},
Keywords = {Adult Calcinosis Decompression, Surgical Humans Ligaments
Male Middle Aged Nerve Compression Syndromes Scapula
complications etiology genetics* methods pathology*
surgery},
Abstract = {Two patients, members of the same family, were found to have
entrapment of the suprascapular nerve from a calcified
superior transverse scapular ligament. The chief complaint
in both cases was pain and weakness and atrophy of the
supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. The nerve
entrapment was confirmed by electromyographic studies and
required surgical decompression to relieve the symptoms in
both patients. Release of the entrapped nerve resulted in
complete pain relief and full return of strength at 1-year
followup.},
Key = {fds267790}
}
@article{fds267710,
Author = {Kukreti, U and III, CTM and Belkoff, SM},
Title = {The location-dependent effect of strain on medial collateral
ligament ultrastructure},
Journal = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Bioengineering
Division (Publication) BED},
Volume = {35},
Pages = {135-136},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds267710}
}
@article{fds267791,
Author = {Moorman, CT and Silver, SG and Potter, HG and Warren,
RF},
Title = {Proximal rupture of the biceps brachii with slingshot
displacement into the forearm. A case report.},
Journal = {The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery},
Volume = {78},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1749-1752},
Year = {1996},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0021-9355},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8934493},
Keywords = {Adolescent Arm Injuries Athletic Injuries* Forearm Humans
Male Muscle, Skeletal Rupture injuries* pathology
surgery},
Key = {fds267791}
}
@article{fds267786,
Author = {Mallon, WJ and Herring, CL and Sallay, PI and Moorman, CT and Crim,
JR},
Title = {Use of vertebral levels to measure presumed internal
rotation at the shoulder: a radiographic
analysis.},
Journal = {Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery},
Volume = {5},
Number = {4},
Pages = {299-306},
Year = {1996},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1058-2746},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8872928},
Keywords = {Adult Anthropometry Elbow Joint Humans Range of Motion,
Articular* Reproducibility of Results Rotation Scapula
Shoulder Joint Thoracic Vertebrae Thumb Tomography, X-Ray
Computed methods* physiology physiology* radiography
radiography*},
Abstract = {Internal rotation of the shoulder is frequently measured by
noting the maximal vertebral level reached by the patient's
thumb, but it is not at all certain that this maneuver is
strictly measuring internal rotation. We analyzed this
maneuver with computed tomographic scans of the shoulder in
differing positions. We also analyzed extension of the
glenohumeral joint and scapulothoracic articulation with
scapular lateral radiographs. Finally, we used
posteroanterior radiographs to analyze elbow flexion at the
limits of internal rotation behind the back. We found that
maximal internal rotation behind the back occurs in
approximately a 2 : 1 ratio between the glenohumeral joint
and the scapulothoracic articulation. However, the
scapulothoracic articulation was more significant in placing
the arm behind the back, whereas the glenohumeral joint
performed most of the internal rotation in front of the
body. The scapulothoracic articulation assists in this
motion by both extension and internal rotation of the
scapula on the thorax. The limits of internal rotation
behind the back are reached with a significant contribution
from elbow flexion. We conclude that measuring shoulder
internal rotation by the maximal vertebral level reached by
the patient's thumb greatly oversimplifies the concept of
internal rotation and that limitations in this motion may
not be strictly due to a loss of internal rotation at the
glenohumeral joint.},
Key = {fds267786}
}
@misc{fds267655,
Author = {Moorman, CT and Warren, RF and Altchek, DW},
Title = {Shoulder instability},
Booktitle = {Sports Medicine – The School Age Athlete},
Publisher = {W.B. Sanders},
Editor = {Reider, B},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds267655}
}
@misc{fds267656,
Author = {Moorman, CT and Nunley, JA},
Title = {Glenohumeral arthrodesis},
Booktitle = {Surgery of the Hand and Upper Extremity},
Publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
Editor = {Peimer, CA},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds267656}
}
@misc{fds267657,
Author = {Moorman, CT and Speer, KP and Warren, RF},
Title = {Arthroscopic Shoulder Stabilization Using the Bioabsorbable
Tack},
Pages = {125-132},
Booktitle = {Current Techniques in Arthroscopy},
Publisher = {Current Science},
Editor = {Parisien, JS},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds267657}
}
@misc{fds267658,
Author = {Moorman, CT and Dines, D and Warren, RF},
Title = {Total shoulder arthroplasty: considerations in
revision},
Booktitle = {Joint Replacement in the Shoulder},
Publisher = {W.B. Sanders},
Editor = {Fenlin, JM},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds267658}
}
@misc{fds267659,
Author = {Moorman, CT and Voss, MW and Palank, EA},
Title = {Medical control of illness and injury},
Booktitle = {Feeling up to Par: Medicine from Tee to Green},
Publisher = {F.A. Davis},
Editor = {Stover, CN and McCarroll, JR and Mallon, WJ},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds267659}
}
@misc{fds267660,
Author = {Moorman, CT},
Title = {First aid for venomous snakebite},
Booktitle = {Feeling up to Par: Medicine from Tee to Green},
Publisher = {F.A. Davis},
Editor = {Stover, CN and McCarroll, JR and Mallon, WJ},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds267660}
}
@article{fds267681,
Author = {Moorman, CT and Warren, RF},
Title = {Impingement Syndrome and Rotator Cuff Injury in the
Athlete},
Journal = {Current Concepts in Sports Medicine},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {3-5},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds267681}
}
@article{fds267709,
Author = {III, CTM and Warren, RF and Dines, DM and Moeckel, BH and Altchek,
DW},
Title = {Total shoulder arthroplasty: Revision for
instability},
Journal = {Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics},
Volume = {4},
Number = {4},
Pages = {237-242},
Year = {1994},
ISSN = {1048-6666},
Abstract = {Instability is a complication of total shoulder arthroplasty
that is largely preventable. Emphasis is placed on
comprehensive preoperative evaluation, particularly imaging
of glenoid version. The principle of soft-tissue balancing,
which allows 30% to 50% translation in anteroposterior and
inferior directions, is critical. It must be understood that
the capsulo-ligamentous envelope of the shoulder functions
as a "circle" and that excessive tightness in one direction
may lead to instability in the opposite. It is also
imperative that range of motion be carefully evaluated after
prosthetic placement. Rehabilitation must stay strictly
within the bounds of these motion limits in the early
postoperative period. Recent prosthetic design innovations
have provided modular humeral components that may obviate
stem revision in some cases. Custom glenoid components are
also available to help address posterior glenoid
insufficiency. Anterior, posterior, and inferior instability
are discussed individually, with emphasis on prevention as
well as particular devices and techniques that are
successful in managing these difficult complications. ©
1994.},
Key = {fds267709}
}
@article{fds267796,
Author = {Murrell, GA and Coonrad, RW and Moorman, CT and Fitch,
RD},
Title = {An assessment of the reliability of the Scoliometer.},
Journal = {Spine},
Volume = {18},
Number = {6},
Pages = {709-712},
Year = {1993},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0362-2436},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8516699},
Keywords = {Adolescent Evaluation Studies Female Humans Lumbar Vertebrae
Observer Variation Orthopedic Equipment Reproducibility of
Results Scoliosis Thoracic Vertebrae anatomy & histology
diagnosis epidemiology* standards*},
Abstract = {Accurate noninvasive measurements of spinal curvature are
crucial in planning treatment and assessing curve
progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. An
inter-rater agreement trial and an intrarater agreement
trial were undertaken to estimate the reliability of axial
rotation measurement using the Scoliometer (Orthopedic
Systems, Inc., Haywood, California). In the inter-rater
trial, two orthopedic surgeons and two orthopedic surgery
residents independently measured the thoracic and lumbar
axial rotations of 22 patients with idiopathic scoliosis
using the Scoliometer. In the intrarater, trial a single
orthopedic surgeon measured the thoracic and lumbar axial
rotations of 25 patients on four separate occasions with the
Scoliometer. Inter-rater agreement using the Scoliometer to
estimate the magnitude of the hump (in centimeters) in the
thoracic and lumbar regions was poor (intraclass correlation
coefficient, Rho = 0.57 and Rho = 0.76 for the thoracic and
lumbar regions, respectively). Inter-rater agreement using
the Scoliometer to estimate the degree of axial trunk
rotation was better (Rho = 0.81 and Rho = 0.82 for the
thoracic and lumbar regions, respectively). Intrarater
agreement using this device to estimate the magnitude of the
hump (in centimeters) in the thoracic and lumbar regions was
good (Rho = 0.90 and Rho = 0.84 for the thoracic and lumbar
regions, respectively). Intrarater agreement using the
Scoliometer to estimate the degrees of curvature was
outstanding (Rho = 0.995 and Rho = 0.998 for the thoracic
and lumbar regions, respectively). These results indicate
that the Scoliometer can be a reliable noninvasive method
for repetitively assessing spinal axial rotation when used
by a single trained observer.},
Key = {fds267796}
}
@misc{fds267661,
Author = {Moorman, CT and Nunley, JA},
Title = {Operative management of the rheumatoid hindfoot},
Booktitle = {Operative Foot Surgery},
Publisher = {W.B. Sanders},
Editor = {Gould, JS},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds267661}
}
@article{fds267783,
Author = {Moorman, CT and Moorman, LS and Goldner, RD},
Title = {Snakebite in the tarheel state. Guidelines for first aid,
stabilization, and evacuation.},
Journal = {North Carolina Medical Journal},
Volume = {53},
Number = {4},
Pages = {141-146},
Year = {1992},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0029-2559},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1594053},
Keywords = {Camping* Emergencies* Humans Male North Carolina Snake Bites
Transportation of Patients* etiology therapy*},
Abstract = {Snakebite is relatively common in North Carolina. The
Copperhead is the most common offender, though we have
representatives of all three genera of the Pit Viper family
in addition to the Coral Snake. Pit Vipers are identified by
the characteristic triangular head, elliptical eyes,
well-developed fangs, and with the Rattlesnakes, a tail
rattle. The Coral Snake is identified by its characteristic
color pattern with red bands adjacent to yellow bands.
Treatment is initiated by the safe identification of the
snake, taking care to avoid a second bite. A lymphatic
constriction band is applied above the bite and an
Extractor, if available, is applied within three minutes.
The extremity is splinted and the victim evacuated to the
nearest trauma center as soon as possible.},
Key = {fds267783}
}
@article{fds267795,
Author = {Moorman, CT and Monto, RR and Bassett, FH},
Title = {So-called trigger ankle due to an aberrant flexor hallucis
longus muscle in a tennis player. A case
report.},
Journal = {The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery},
Volume = {74},
Number = {2},
Pages = {294-295},
Year = {1992},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0021-9355},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1541624},
Keywords = {Adult Ankle Joint* Diagnosis, Differential Humans Joint
Diseases Male Muscles Sprains and Strains Tennis
abnormalities* diagnosis etiology injuries*
radiography},
Key = {fds267795}
}
@article{fds267682,
Author = {Moorman, CT and Richardson, WJ and Fitch, RD and Hardaker Jr.,
WT},
Title = {Flexion-Distraction Injury to the Lumbar Spine in
Children},
Journal = {Journal of the Southern Orthopaedic Association},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {295-301},
Year = {1992},
ISSN = {1059-1052},
Key = {fds267682}
}
@article{fds267789,
Author = {Monto, RR and Moorman, CT and Mallon, WJ and Nunley,
JA},
Title = {Rupture of the posterior tibial tendon associated with
closed ankle fracture.},
Journal = {Foot and Ankle},
Volume = {11},
Number = {6},
Pages = {400-403},
Year = {1991},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0198-0211},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1894236},
Keywords = {Adult Ankle Injuries* Ankle Joint Athletic Injuries Fibula
Fracture Fixation, Internal Fractures, Closed Humans Male
Rupture Soccer Tendon Injuries* Tendons Tibial Fractures
complications complications* etiology* injuries injuries*
methods radiography surgery},
Abstract = {Rupture of the posterior tibial tendon has rarely been
associated with closed ankle fractures. All previous cases
have been in association with pronation-external rotation
type fractures in which the medial malleolus has been
fractured. This case represents the first such report of a
severed posterior tibial tendon in the absence of a medial
malleolar fracture and reemphasizes the importance of
critically evaluating intraoperative radiographs following
the open reduction and internal fixation of closed ankle
fractures to assess the possibility of soft tissue
interposition. In the event of an acute rupture of the
posterior tibial tendon, the authors recommend primary
tendon repair.},
Doi = {10.1177/107110079101100612},
Key = {fds267789}
}
@article{fds267792,
Author = {Noyes, FR and Mooar, LA and Moorman, CT and McGinniss,
GH},
Title = {Partial tears of the anterior cruciate ligament. Progression
to complete ligament deficiency.},
Journal = {Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (British
Volume)},
Volume = {71},
Number = {5},
Pages = {825-833},
Year = {1989},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0301-620X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2584255},
Keywords = {Acute Disease Adolescent Adult Arthroscopy Athletic Injuries
Baseball Basketball Female Follow-Up Studies Football Humans
Knee Injuries Ligaments, Articular Male Prognosis Rupture
diagnosis* injuries* physiopathology rehabilitation},
Abstract = {In a prospective seven-year study, we treated 32 patients
with partial ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament
(ACL) verified by arthroscopy. Twelve knees (38%) progressed
to complete ACL deficiency with positive pivot shift tests
and increased anteroposterior translation on tests with the
KT-1000 arthrometer. Patients with partial ACL tears
frequently had limitation for strenuous sports, while those
developing ACL deficiency had additional functional
limitations involving recreational activities. Three factors
were statistically significant in predicting which partial
tears would develop complete ACL deficiency: the amount of
ligament tearing--one-fourth tears infrequently progressed,
one-half tears progressed in 50% and three-fourth tears in
86%; a subtle increase in initial anterior translation; and
the occurrence of a subsequent re-injury with
giving-way.},
Key = {fds267792}
}
@misc{fds267662,
Author = {Hardaker, W and Moorman, CT},
Title = {Foot and ankle injuries in dance and athletics: similarities
and differences},
Pages = {31-41},
Booktitle = {The Dancer as Athlete},
Editor = {Shell, CG},
Year = {1984},
Key = {fds267662}
}
@article{fds106275,
Author = {CT Moorman and FH Bassett},
Title = {The use of colchicine to evaluate epiphyseal growth
potential.},
Journal = {Surgical forum, UNITED STATES},
Volume = {17},
Pages = {459-61},
Year = {1966},
ISSN = {0071-8041},
Keywords = {Animals Cell Division Colchicine Dogs Epiphyses Femur
cytology diagnostic use drug effects growth & development
growth & development* pharmacology*},
Key = {fds106275}
}
@article{fds106297,
Author = {DL STICKEL and CT MOORMAN},
Title = {EXPERIMENTAL PATCH GRAFTS ON THE CANINE INFERIOR VENA
CAVA.},
Journal = {The Journal of surgical research, UNITED
STATES},
Volume = {4},
Pages = {465-7},
Year = {1964},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0022-4804},
Keywords = {ANGIOGRAPHY* ANTIBIOTICS* BLOOD VESSEL PROSTHESIS* BLOOD
VESSEL TRANSPLANTATION* DOGS* EXPERIMENTAL LAB STUDY*
FLUOROCARBON POLYMERS* POLYMERS* PULMONARY EMBOLISM*
STATISTICS* TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS* VENA CAVA,
INFERIOR*},
Key = {fds106297}
}
%% Morse, Paul
@misc{fds362085,
Author = {Stock, SR and Morse, PE and Stock, MK and James, KC and Natanson, LJ and Chen, H and Shevchenko, PD and Maxey, ER and Antipova, OA and Park,
J-S},
Title = {Microstructure and energy dispersive diffraction
reconstruction of 3D patterns of crystallographic texture in
a shark centrum.},
Journal = {Journal of Medical Imaging (Bellingham, Wash.)},
Volume = {9},
Number = {3},
Pages = {031504},
Year = {2022},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jmi.9.3.031504},
Abstract = {<b>Purpose:</b> Tomography using diffracted x-rays produces
reconstructions mapping quantities such as crystal lattice
parameter(s), crystallite size, and crystallographic
texture, information quite different from that obtained with
absorption or phase contrast. Diffraction tomography is used
to map an entire blue shark centrum with its double cone
structure (corpora calcerea) and intermedialia (four
wedges). <b>Approach:</b> Energy dispersive diffraction
(EDD) and polychromatic synchrotron x-radiation at 6-BM-B,
the Advanced Photon Source, were used. Different, properly
oriented Bragg planes diffract different x-ray energies;
these intensities are measured by one of ten
energy-sensitive detectors. A pencil beam defines the
irradiated volume, and a collimator before each
energy-sensitive detector selects which portion of the
irradiated column is sampled at any one time. Translating
the specimen along X,Y , and Z axes produces a 3D map.
<b>Results:</b> We report 3D maps of the integrated
intensity of several bioapatite reflections from the
mineralized cartilage centrum of a blue shark. The c axis
reflection's integrated intensities and those of a
reflection with no c axis component reveal that the cone
wall's bioapatite is oriented with its c axes lateral, i.e.,
perpendicular to the backbone's axis, and that the wedges'
bioapatite is oriented with its c axes axial. Absorption
microcomputed tomography (laboratory and synchrotron) and
x-ray excited x-ray fluorescence maps provide higher
resolution views. <b>Conclusion:</b> The bioapatite in the
cone walls and wedges is oriented to resist lateral and
axial deflections, respectively. Mineralized tissue samples
can be mapped in 3D with EDD tomography and subsequently
studied by destructive methods.},
Doi = {10.1117/1.jmi.9.3.031504},
Key = {fds362085}
}
@misc{fds361301,
Author = {Morse, PE and Stock, MK and James, KC and Natanson, LJ and Stock,
SR},
Title = {Shark centra microanatomy and mineral density variation
studied with laboratory microComputed Tomography.},
Journal = {Journal of Structural Biology},
Volume = {214},
Number = {1},
Pages = {107831},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2022},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2022.107831},
Abstract = {Centra of shark vertebrae from three species of Lamniformes
(Alopias vulpinus, Carcharodon carcharias and Isurus
oxyrinchus) and three species of Carcharhiniformes
(Carcharhinus plumbeus, Carcharhinus obscurus and Prionace
glauca) were imaged with laboratory microcomputed Tomography
(microCT) using volume element (voxel) sizes between 16 and
24 µm. Linear attenuation coefficients were the same in
the corpus calcarea (hour-glass-shaped cone) and
intermedialia of the lamniforms but were smaller in the
intermedialia than in the corpus calcarea of the
carcharhiniforms. All centra contained growth bands which
were visible as small changes in linear attenuation
coefficient. In all six cases, the cross-sections of the
cones were close to circular, and the cone angles matched
those reported in the literature. Cartilage canals were a
prominent structure in the intermedialia of all species, 3D
renderings of centra of C. obscurus and I. oxyrinchus
diameters showed these canals ran radially outward from the
cone walls, and canal diameters were consistent with the
limited numerical values in the literature. Somewhat higher
calcification levels around the periphery of cartilage
canals and of outer surfaces of the intermedialia and corpus
calcerea suggest microstructural variation exists at scale
below that which can be resolved in the present data
sets.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jsb.2022.107831},
Key = {fds361301}
}
@misc{fds361338,
Author = {Morse, PE},
Title = {Fossil primate research at the 81st Annual Meeting of the
Society of Vertebrate Paleontology.},
Journal = {Evolutionary Anthropology},
Volume = {31},
Number = {1},
Pages = {9-11},
Year = {2022},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.21934},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.21934},
Key = {fds361338}
}
@misc{fds363835,
Author = {Pampush, JD and Morse, PE and Fuselier, EJ and Skinner, MM and Kay,
RF},
Title = {Sign-oriented Dirichlet Normal Energy: Aligning Dental
Topography and Dental Function in the R-package
molaR},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalian Evolution},
Year = {2022},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10914-022-09616-6},
Abstract = {Dirichlet normal energy (DNE) is a dental topography
measurement aimed at capturing occlusal sharpness and has
shown promise for its ability to sort primate molars
according to perceived shearing ability. As initially
implemented, this measurement does not differentiate concave
versus convex contributions to surface sharpness. This is
problematic because the DNE-signal derived from concave
aspects of an occlusal surface measures a sharp ‘edge’
oriented inward towards the enamel dentine junction rather
than outward towards food contact. The inclusion of concave
DNE in dietary analyses of molars possessing deep occlusal
sulci–such as those found among hominoids–inflates the
perceived functional sharpness of these teeth.
Concave-inflated DNE values can be misleading, being
interpreted as indicating that a particular taxon is more
adapted for processing fibrous food than is warranted. The
modification of the DNE measurement introduced here
‘Sign-oriented DNE’ alleviates this problem by
elimination of concave sharpness from analyses, allowing
investigations to focus on features of occlusal surfaces
plausibly linked to shearing, cutting, or shredding of food
materials during Phases I and II of the masticatory power
stroke. Convex DNE is just as effective at sorting
non-hominoid primate molars into traditional dietary
categories as the initial applications of the
orientation-blind version of the measurement, and produces
more theoretically coherent results from hominoid molars.
Focusing on- and improving the connection between
measurement and occlusal function will enhance the ability
of dental topography to make meaningful contributions to our
collective understanding of species’ dietary
ecologies.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10914-022-09616-6},
Key = {fds363835}
}
@misc{fds357315,
Author = {Vitek, NS and Morse, PE and Boyer, DM and Strait, SG and Bloch,
JI},
Title = {Evaluating the responses of three closely related small
mammal lineages to climate change across the
Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum},
Journal = {Paleobiology},
Volume = {47},
Number = {3},
Pages = {464-486},
Year = {2021},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2021.12},
Abstract = {Interpreting the impact of climate change on vertebrates in
the fossil record can be complicated by the effects of
potential biotic drivers on morphological patterns observed
in taxa. One promising area where this impact can be
assessed is a high-resolution terrestrial record from the
Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, that corresponds to the
Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM), a geologically
rapid (~170 kyr) interval of sustained temperature and
aridity shifts about 56 Ma. The PETM has been extensively
studied, but different lines of research have not yet been
brought together to compare the timing of shifts in abiotic
drivers that include temperature and aridity proxies and
those of biotic drivers, measured through changes in floral
and faunal assemblages, to the timing of morphological
change within mammalian species lineages. We used a suite of
morphometric tools to document morphological changes in
molar crown morphology of three lineages of stem erinaceid
eulipotyphlans. We then compared the timing of morphological
change to that of both abiotic and other biotic records
through the PETM. In all three species lineages, we failed
to recover any significant changes in tooth crown shape or
size within the PETM. These results contrast with those
documented previously for lineages of medium-sized mammals,
which show significant dwarfing within the PETM. Our results
suggest that biotic drivers such as shifts in community
composition may have also played an important role in
shaping species-level patterns during this dynamic interval
in Earth history.},
Doi = {10.1017/pab.2021.12},
Key = {fds357315}
}
@misc{fds355946,
Author = {Solé, F and Morse, PE and Bloch, JI and Gingerich, PD and Smith,
T},
Title = {New specimens of the mesonychid Dissacus praenuntius from
the early Eocene of Wyoming and evaluation of body size
through the PETM in North America},
Journal = {Geobios},
Volume = {66-67},
Pages = {103-118},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2021},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.005},
Abstract = {The Mesonychia is a group of archaic carnivorous mammals of
uncertain phylogenetic affinities with a Holarctic
distribution during the Paleogene. Intensive fossil
collecting efforts in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, have
resulted in recovery of the largest sample and most complete
specimens yet known of the mesonychid Dissacus praenuntius
from the second biozone of the Wasatchian North American
Land Mammal Age (Wa-0). The Wa-0 biozone corresponds to the
body of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), a brief
but intense global warming event that occurred ~56 myr ago
that significantly impacted terrestrial mammal faunas,
including dwarfing in many mammal lineages. To evaluate the
potential response of this lineage to climate change, we
compared the PETM sample of D. praenuntius with those
recovered from just before the PETM in the last biozone of
the Clarkforkian North American Land Mammal Age (Cf-3) and
just after the PETM in the Wa-1 biozone. While the sample
size is still too small to say with certainty, tooth size
(as a proxy for body weight) of D. praenuntius appears to be
smaller during the late PETM than during either the pre-PETM
Cf-3, or post-PETM Wa-1 biozones, suggesting the possibility
of a muted dwarfing response to the PETM. However, the
pattern observed for D. praenuntius differs from that of
many other PETM mammals, as the shift to smaller body size
is less pronounced and may have only occurred in late
Wa-0.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.005},
Key = {fds355946}
}
@article{fds361798,
Author = {Stock, SR and Morse, PE and Stock, MK and James, KC and Natanson, LJ and Chen, H and Shevchenko, PD and Maxey, ER and Antipova, O and Park,
JS},
Title = {Microstructure and energy dispersive diffraction
reconstruction of 3D patterns of crystallographic texture in
a shark centrum},
Journal = {Smart Structures and Materials 2005: Active Materials:
Behavior and Mechanics},
Volume = {11840},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9781510645189},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2595040},
Abstract = {Tomography using diffracted x-rays produces reconstructions
mapping quantities including crystal lattice parameter(s),
crystallite size and crystallographic texture; this
information is quite different from that obtained with
absorption contrast or phase contrast. Diffraction
tomography can be performed using energy dispersive
diffraction (EDD) and polychromatic synchrotron x-radiation.
In EDD, different, properly-oriented Bragg planes diffract
different x-ray energies; these intensities are measured by
an energy sensitive detector. A pencil beam defines the
irradiated volume, and a collimator before the energy
sensitive detector selects which portion of the irradiated
column is sampled at any one time. A 3D map is assembled by
translating the specimen along X, Y and Z axes. This paper
reports results of 3D mapping of the integrated intensity of
several reflections from the bioapatite in the mineralized
cartilage centrum of a blue shark. The multiple detector EDD
system at 6-BM-B, the Advanced Photon Source was used to map
an entire blue shark centrum. The shark centrum consists of
a double cone structure (corpora calcerea) supported by the
intermedialia consisting of four wedges. The integrated
intensities of the c-axis reflection and of a reflection
with no c-axis component reveals the bioapatite within the
cone wall is oriented with its c-axes lateral, i.e.,
perpendicular to the axis of the backbone, whereas the
bioapatite within the wedges is oriented with its c-axes
axial. Results of absorption microCT (laboratory and
synchrotron) and x-ray excited x-ray fluorescence mapping
are included to provide higher resolution data of the
structures underlying the EDD maps. Application of EDD
tomography to 3D mapping of large specimens promises to add
to the understanding of other mineralized tissue samples
which cannot be sectioned.},
Doi = {10.1117/12.2595040},
Key = {fds361798}
}
@misc{fds349659,
Author = {Li, P and Morse, PE and Kay, RF},
Title = {Dental topographic change with macrowear and dietary
inference in Homunculus patagonicus.},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {144},
Pages = {102786},
Year = {2020},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102786},
Abstract = {Homunculus patagonicus is a stem platyrrhine from the late
Early Miocene, high-latitude Santa Cruz Formation,
Argentina. Its distribution lies farther south than any
extant platyrrhine species. Prior studies on the dietary
specialization of Homunculus suggest either a mixed diet of
fruit and leaves or a more predominantly fruit-eating diet.
To gain further insight into the diet of Homunculus, we
examined how the occlusal surfaces of the first and second
lower molars of Homunculus change with wear by using three
homology-free dental topographic measures: Dirichlet normal
energy (DNE), orientation patch count rotated (OPCR), and
relief index (RFI). We compared these data with wear series
of three extant platyrrhine taxa: the folivorous Alouatta,
and the frugivorous Ateles and Callicebus (titi monkeys now
in the genus Plecturocebus). Previous studies found Alouatta
and Ateles exhibit distinctive patterns of change in
occlusal morphology with macrowear, possibly related to the
more folivorous diet of the former. Based on previous
suggestions that Homunculus was at least partially
folivorous, we predicted that changes in dental topographic
metrics with wear would follow a pattern more similar to
that seen in Alouatta than in Ateles or Callicebus. However,
wear-induced changes in Homunculus crown sharpness (DNE) and
complexity (OPCR) are more similar to the pattern observed
in the frugivorous Ateles and Callicebus. Based on similar
wear modalities of the lower molars between Homunculus and
Callicebus, we infer that Homunculus had a primarily
frugivorous diet. Leaves may have provided an alternative
dietary resource to accommodate fluctuation in seasonal
fruiting abundance in the high-latitude extratropical
environment of late Early Miocene Patagonia.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102786},
Key = {fds349659}
}
@misc{fds348837,
Author = {Fannin, LD and Guatelli-Steinberg, D and Geissler, E and Morse, PE and Constantino, PJ and McGraw, WS},
Title = {Enamel chipping in Taï Forest cercopithecids: Implications
for diet reconstruction in paleoanthropological
contexts.},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {141},
Pages = {102742},
Year = {2020},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102742},
Abstract = {Antemortem enamel chipping in living and fossil primates is
often interpreted as evidence of hard-object feeding (i.e.,
'durophagy'). Laboratory analyses of tooth fracture have
modeled the theoretical diets and loading conditions that
may produce such chips. Previous chipping studies of
nonhuman primates tend to combine populations into species
samples, despite the fact that species can vary
significantly in diet across their ranges. Chipping is yet
to be analyzed across population-specific species samples
for which long-term dietary data are available. Here, we
test the association between enamel chipping and diet in a
community of cercopithecid primates inhabiting the Taï
Forest, Ivory Coast. We examined fourth premolars and first
molars (n = 867) from naturally deceased specimens of
Cercocebus atys, Colobus polykomos, Piliocolobus
badius,Procolobus verus, and three species of Cercopithecus.
We found little support for a predictive relationship
between enamel chipping and diet across the entire Taï
monkey community. Cercocebus atys, a dedicated hard-object
feeder, exhibited the highest frequencies of (1) chipped
teeth and (2) chips of large size; however, the other monkey
with a significant degree of granivory, Co. polykomos,
exhibited the lowest chip frequency. In addition, primates
with little evidence of mechanically challenging or
hard-food diets-such as Cercopithecus spp., Pi. badius, and
Pr. verus-evinced higher chipping frequencies than expected.
The equivocal and stochastic nature of enamel chipping in
the Taï monkeys suggests nondietary factors contribute
significantly to chipping. A negative association between
canopy preference and chipping suggests a role of exogenous
particles in chip formation, whereby taxa foraging closer to
the forest floor encounter more errant particulates during
feeding than species foraging in higher strata. We conclude
that current enamel chipping models may provide insight into
the diets of fossil primates, but only in cases of extreme
durophagy. Given the role of nondietary factors in chip
formation, our ability to reliably reconstruct a range of
diets from a gradient of chipping in fossil taxa is likely
weak.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102742},
Key = {fds348837}
}
@misc{fds339910,
Author = {Morse, PE and Chester, SGB and Boyer, DM and Smith, T and Smith, R and Gigase, P and Bloch, JI},
Title = {New fossils, systematics, and biogeography of the oldest
known crown primate Teilhardina from the earliest Eocene of
Asia, Europe, and North America.},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {128},
Pages = {103-131},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.08.005},
Abstract = {Omomyiform primates are among the most basal fossil
haplorhines, with the oldest classified in the genus
Teilhardina and known contemporaneously from Asia, Europe,
and North America during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal
Maximum (PETM) ∼56 mya. Characterization of morphology in
this genus has been limited by small sample sizes and
fragmentary fossils. A new dental sample (n = 163) of the
North American species Teilhardina brandti from PETM strata
of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, documents previously unknown
morphology and variation, prompting the need for a
systematic revision of the genus. The P<sub>4</sub> of
T. brandti expresses a range of variation that encompasses
that of the recently named, slightly younger North American
species 'Teilhardina gingerichi,' which is here synonymized
with T. brandti. A new partial dentary preserving the
alveoli for P<sub>1-2</sub> demonstrates that T. brandti
variably expresses an unreduced, centrally-located
P<sub>1</sub>, and in this regard is similar to that of
T. asiatica from China. This observation, coupled with
further documentation of variability in P<sub>1</sub>
alveolar size, position, and presence in the European type
species T. belgica, indicates that the original diagnosis
of T. asiatica is insufficient at distinguishing this
species from either T. belgica or T. brandti. Likewise,
the basal omomyiform 'Archicebus achilles' requires revision
to be distinguished from Teilhardina. Results from a
phylogenetic analysis of 1890 characters scored for
omomyiforms, adapiforms, and other euarchontan mammals
produces a novel clade including T. magnoliana,
T. brandti, T. asiatica, and T. belgica to the exclusion
of two species previously referred to Teilhardina, which are
here classified in a new genus (Bownomomys americanus and
Bownomomys crassidens). While hypotheses of relationships
and inferred biogeographic patterns among species of
Teilhardina could change with the discovery of more complete
fossils, the results of these analyses indicate a similar
probability that the genus originated in either Asia or
North America.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.08.005},
Key = {fds339910}
}
@misc{fds337597,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Maiolino, SA and Holroyd, PA and Morse, PE and Bloch,
JI},
Title = {Oldest evidence for grooming claws in euprimates.},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {122},
Pages = {1-22},
Year = {2018},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.03.010},
Abstract = {Euprimates are unusual among mammals in having fingers and
toes with flat nails. While it seems clear that the
ancestral stock from which euprimates evolved had
claw-bearing digits, the available fossil record has not yet
contributed a detailed understanding of the transition from
claws to nails. This study helps clarify the evolutionary
history of the second pedal digit with fossils representing
the distal phalanx of digit two (dpII), and has broader
implications for other digits. Among extant primates, the
keratinized structure on the pedal dpII widely varies in
form. Extant strepsirrhines and tarsiers have narrow,
distally tapering, dorsally inclined nails (termed a
'grooming claws' for their use in autogrooming), while
extant anthropoids have more typical nails that are wider
and lack distal tapering or dorsal inclination. At least two
fossil primate species thought to be stem members of the
Strepsirrhini appear to have had grooming claws, yet
reconstructions of the ancestral euprimate condition based
on direct evidence from the fossil record are ambiguous due
to inadequate fossil evidence for the earliest haplorhines.
Seven recently discovered, isolated distal phalanges from
four early Eocene localities in Wyoming (USA) closely
resemble those of the pedal dpII in extant prosimians. On
the basis of faunal associations, size, and morphology,
these specimens are recognized as the grooming phalanges of
five genera of haplorhine primates, including one of the
oldest known euprimates (∼56 Ma), Teilhardina brandti.
Both the phylogenetic distribution and antiquity of primate
grooming phalanges now strongly suggest that ancestral
euprimates had grooming claws, that these structures were
modified from a primitive claw rather than a flat nail, and
that the evolutionary loss of 'grooming claws' represents an
apomorphy for crown anthropoids.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.03.010},
Key = {fds337597}
}
@misc{fds337598,
Author = {Pampush, JD and Spradley, JP and Morse, PE and Griffith, D and Gladman,
JT and Gonzales, LA and Kay, RF},
Title = {Adaptive wear-based changes in dental topography associated
with atelid (Mammalia: Primates) diets},
Journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society},
Volume = {124},
Number = {4},
Pages = {584-606},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2018},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/bly069},
Abstract = {Primates are generally characterized by low-crowned,
brachydont molars relative to many other groups of mammals.
This conservative architecture may create special challenges
for maintaining dental functionality in the case of a diet
requiring proficient shearing ability (e.g. folivory). One
recent hypothesis, the 'dental sculpting hypothesis',
suggests that some folivorous primates have dentitions that
functionally harness macrowear in maintaining occlusal
sharpness. We examined the relationships between four dental
topography metrics [Dirichlet normal energy (DNE),
orientation patch count rotated (OPCR), relief index (RFI)
and occlusal relief (OR)] against macrowear [as measured by
the dentine exposure ratio (DER)] in lower first molars of
Ateles and Alouatta, which are two closely related
platyrrhines with different diets (Alouatta is a folivore
and Ateles a frugivore). We find support for the dental
sculpting hypothesis, in that DNE increases with macrowear
in the folivorous Alouatta but not in the frugivorous
Ateles. Multiple contradictions between OPCR and the other
variables suggest that this metric is a poor reflection of
the molar form-function relationship in these primates.
Distributions of relief measures (RFI and OR) confound
expectations and prior observations, in that Ateles shows
higher values than Alouatta, because these measures are
thought to be correlated with dental shearing ability. We
discuss the role that the relatively thicker enamel caps of
Ateles might play in the distributions of these
metrics.},
Doi = {10.1093/biolinnean/bly069},
Key = {fds337598}
}
@misc{fds337599,
Author = {Spradley, JP and Pampush, JD and Morse, PE and Kay,
RF},
Title = {Smooth operator: The effects of different 3D mesh
retriangulation protocols on the computation of Dirichlet
normal energy.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {163},
Number = {1},
Pages = {94-109},
Year = {2017},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23188},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Dirichlet normal energy (DNE) is a metric
of surface topography that has been used to evaluate the
relationship between the surface complexity of primate cheek
teeth and dietary categories. This study examines the
effects of different 3D mesh retriangulation protocols on
DNE. We examine how different protocols influence the DNE of
a simple geometric shape-a hemisphere-to gain a more
thorough understanding than can be achieved by investigating
a complex biological surface such as a tooth
crown.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>We calculate DNE on 3D
surface meshes of hemispheres and on primate molars
subjected to various retriangulation protocols, including
smoothing algorithms, smoothing amounts, target face counts,
and criteria for boundary face exclusion. Software used
includes R, MorphoTester, Avizo, and MeshLab. DNE was
calculated using the R package "molaR."<h4>Results</h4>In
all cases, smoothing as performed in Avizo sharply decreases
DNE initially, after which DNE becomes stable. Using a
broader boundary exclusion criterion or performing
additional smoothing (using "mesh fairing" methods) further
decreases DNE. Increasing the mesh face count also results
in increased DNE on tooth surfaces.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Different
retriangulation protocols yield different DNE values for the
same surfaces, and should not be combined in meta-analyses.
Increasing face count will capture surface microfeatures,
but at the expense of computational speed. More aggressive
smoothing is more likely to alter the essential geometry of
the surface. A protocol is proposed that limits potential
artifacts created during surface production while preserving
pertinent features on the occlusal surface.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23188},
Key = {fds337599}
}
@misc{fds337600,
Author = {Pampush, JD and Winchester, JM and Morse, PE and Vining, AQ and Boyer,
DM and Kay, RF},
Title = {Introducing molaR: a New R Package for Quantitative
Topographic Analysis of Teeth (and Other Topographic
Surfaces)},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalian Evolution},
Volume = {23},
Number = {4},
Pages = {397-412},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2016},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10914-016-9326-0},
Abstract = {Researchers studying mammalian dentitions from functional
and adaptive perspectives increasingly have moved towards
using dental topography measures that can be estimated from
3D surface scans, which do not require identification of
specific homologous landmarks. Here we present molaR, a new
R package designed to assist researchers in calculating four
commonly used topographic measures: Dirichlet Normal Energy
(DNE), Relief Index (RFI), Orientation Patch Count (OPC),
and Orientation Patch Count Rotated (OPCR) from surface
scans of teeth, enabling a unified application of these
informative new metrics. In addition to providing
topographic measuring tools, molaR has complimentary
plotting functions enabling highly customizable
visualization of results. This article gives a detailed
description of the DNE measure, walks researchers through
installing, operating, and troubleshooting molaR and its
functions, and gives an example of a simple comparison that
measured teeth of the primates Alouatta and Pithecia in
molaR and other available software packages. molaR is a free
and open source software extension, which can be found at
the doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.3563.4961 (molaR v. 2.0) as well as
on the Internet repository CRAN, which stores R
packages.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10914-016-9326-0},
Key = {fds337600}
}
@misc{fds337601,
Author = {Pampush, JD and Spradley, JP and Morse, PE and Harrington, AR and Allen,
KL and Boyer, DM and Kay, RF},
Title = {Wear and its effects on dental topography measures in
howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata).},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {161},
Number = {4},
Pages = {705-721},
Year = {2016},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23077},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Three dental topography measurements:
Dirichlet Normal Energy (DNE), Relief Index (RFI), and
Orientation Patch Count Rotated (OPCR) are examined for
their interaction with measures of wear, within and between
upper and lower molars in Alouatta palliata. Potential
inferences of the "dental sculpting" phenomenon are
explored.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>Fifteen occluding
pairs of howling monkey first molars (15 upper, 15 lower)
opportunistically collected from La Pacifica, Costa Rica,
were selected to sample wear stages ranging from unworn to
heavily worn as measured by the Dentine Exposure Ratio
(DER). DNE, RFI, and OPCR were measured from
three-dimensional surface reconstructions (PLY files)
derived from high-resolution CT scans. Relationships among
the variables were tested with regression
analyses.<h4>Results</h4>Upper molars have more cutting
edges, exhibiting significantly higher DNE, but have
significantly lower RFI values. However, the relationships
among the measures are concordant across both sets of
molars. DER and EDJL are curvilinearly related. DER is
positively correlated with DNE, negatively correlated with
RFI, and uncorrelated with OPCR. EDJL is not correlated with
DNE, or RFI, but is positively correlated with OPCR among
lower molars only.<h4>Discussion</h4>The relationships among
these metrics suggest that howling monkey teeth adaptively
engage macrowear. DNE increases with wear in this sample
presumably improving food breakdown. RFI is initially high
but declines with wear, suggesting that the initially high
RFI safeguards against dental senescence. OPCR values in
howling monkey teeth do not show a clear relationship with
wear changes.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23077},
Key = {fds337601}
}
@misc{fds337602,
Author = {Baczynski, AA and McInerney, FA and Wing, SL and Kraus, MJ and Morse,
PE and Bloch, JI and Chung, AH and Freeman, KH},
Title = {Distortion of carbon isotope excursion in bulk soil organic
matter during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal
maximum},
Journal = {Bulletin of the Geological Society of America},
Volume = {128},
Number = {9-10},
Pages = {1352-1366},
Publisher = {Geological Society of America},
Year = {2016},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B31389.1},
Abstract = {The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum was a period of abrupt,
transient global warming, fueled by a large release of
13Cdepleted carbon and marked globally by a negative carbon
isotope excursion. While the carbon isotope excursion is
often identified in the carbon isotope ratios of bulk soil
organic matter (δ13Corg), these records can be biased by
factors associated with production, degradation, and sources
of sedimentary carbon input. To better understand these
factors, we compared δ13Corg values from Paleocene-Eocene
thermal maximum rocks in the southeastern Bighorn Basin,
Wyoming, with those derived from leaf wax n-alkanes
(δ13Cn-alk). While both δ13Cn-alk and δ13Corg records
indicate an abrupt, negative shift in δ13C values, the
carbon isotope excursions observed in bulk organic matter
are smaller in magnitude and shorter in duration than those
in n-alkanes. To explore these discrepancies, we modeled
predicted total plant tissue carbon isotope (δ13CTT) curves
from the δ13Cn-alk record using enrichment factors
determined in modern C3 plants. Measured δ13Corg values are
enriched in 13C relative to predicted δ13CTT, with greater
enrichment during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum than
before or after. The greater 13C enrichment could reflect
increased degradation of autochthonous organic matter,
increased input of allochthonous fossil carbon enriched in
13C, or both. By comparing samples from organicrich and
organic-poor depositional environments, we infer that
microbial degradation rates doubled during the
Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum, and we calculate that
fossil carbon input increased ~28%-63%. This approach to
untangling the controls on the isotopic composition of bulk
soil carbon is an important development that will inform not
only future studies of global carbon cycle dynamics during
the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum hyperthermal event, but
also any study that seeks to correlate or estimate duration
and magnitude of past events using soil organic
carbon.},
Doi = {10.1130/B31389.1},
Key = {fds337602}
}
@misc{fds337603,
Author = {Baczynski, AA and McInerney, FA and Wing, SL and Kraus, MJ and Bloch,
JI and Boyer, DM and Secord, R and Morse, PE and Fricke,
HC},
Title = {Chemostratigraphic implications of spatial variation in the
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum carbon isotope excursion,
SE Bighorn Basin, Wyoming},
Journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
Volume = {14},
Number = {10},
Pages = {4133-4152},
Publisher = {American Geophysical Union (AGU)},
Year = {2013},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ggge.20265},
Abstract = {The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is marked by a
prominent negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) of 3-5‰
that has a characteristic rapid onset, stable body, and
recovery to near pre-CIE isotopic composition. Although the
CIE is the major criterion for global correlation of the
Paleocene-Eocene boundary, spatial variations in the
position and shape of the CIE have not been systematically
evaluated. We measured carbon isotope ratios of bulk organic
matter (δ13Corg) and pedogenic carbonate (δ13Ccarb) at six
PETM sections across a 16 km transect in the SE Bighorn
Basin, Wyoming. Bed tracing and high-resolution floral and
faunal biostratigraphy allowed correlation of the sections
independent of chemostratigraphy. The onset of the CIE in
bulk organic matter at all six sections occurs within a
single laterally extensive geosol. The magnitude of the CIE
varies from 2.1 to 3.8‰. The absolute and relative
stratigraphic thickness of the body of the CIE in bulk
organic matter varies significantly across the field area
and underrepresents the thickness of the PETM body by
30%-80%. The variations cannot be explained by basinal
position and instead suggest that δ13Corg values were
influenced by local factors such as reworking of older
carbon. The stratigraphic thickness and shape of the CIE
have been used to correlate sections, estimate timing of
biotic and climatic changes relative to the presumed carbon
isotope composition of the atmosphere, and calculate rates
of environmental and biotic change. Localized controls on
δ13Corg values place these inferences in question by
influencing the apparent shape and duration of the CIE. Key
Points PETM bulk soil organic matter carbon isotope records
from 6 sites across 16 km Initial carbon isotope shift
occurs within same laterally extensive geosol Shape of CIE
highly variable and PETM thickness underestimated by 30-80%
©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights
Reserved.},
Doi = {10.1002/ggge.20265},
Key = {fds337603}
}
@misc{fds337604,
Author = {Morse, PE and Daegling, DJ and McGraw, WS and Pampush,
JD},
Title = {Dental wear among cercopithecid monkeys of the Taï forest,
Côte d'Ivoire.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {150},
Number = {4},
Pages = {655-665},
Year = {2013},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22242},
Abstract = {Studies of dental macrowear can be useful for understanding
masticatory and ingestive behavior, life history, and for
inferring dietary information from the skeletal material of
extinct and extant primates. Such studies to date have
tended to focus on one or two teeth, potentially missing
information that can be garnered through examination of wear
patterns across the tooth row. Our study measured macrowear
in the postcanine teeth of three sympatric cercopithecid
species from the Taï Forest, Côte d'Ivoire (Cercocebus
atys, Procolobus badius, and Colobus polykomos), whose diets
have been well-described. Inter-specific analyses suggest
that different diets and ingestive behaviors are
characterized by different patterns of wear across the molar
row, with Cercocebus atys emphasizing tooth use near P4 -M1
, P. badius emphasizing a large amount of tooth use near M2
-M3 , and Colobus polykomos exhibiting wear more evenly
across the postcanine teeth. Information regarding
differential tooth use across the molar row may be more
informative than macrowear analysis of isolated teeth for
making inferences about primate feeding behavior.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22242},
Key = {fds337604}
}
%% Myers, Barry S.
@booklet{Dibb09,
Author = {A. T. Dibb and R. W. Nightingale and J. F. Luck and V. C.
Chancey and L. E. Fronheiser and B. S. Myers},
Title = {Tension and Combined Tension-Extension Structural Response
and Tolerance Properties of the Human Male Ligamentous
Cervical Spine},
Journal = {Journal Of Biomechanical Engineering-transactions Of The
Asme},
Volume = {131},
Number = {8},
Year = {2009},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0148-0731},
Abstract = {Tensile loading of the human cervical spine results from
noncontact inertial loading of the head as well as
mandibular and craniofacial impacts. Current vehicle safety
standards include a neck injury criterion based on beam
theory that uses a linear combination of the normalized
upper cervical axial force and sagittal plane moment. This
study examines this criterion by imposing combined axial
tension and bending to postmortem human subject (PMHS)
ligamentous cervical spines. Tests were conducted on 20
unembalmed PMHSs. Nondestructive whole cervical spine
tensile tests with varying cranial end condition and
anteroposterior loading location were used to generate
response corridors for computational model development and
validation. The cervical spines were sectioned into three
functional spinal segments (Occiput-C2, C4-C5, and C6-C7)
for measurement of tensile structural response and failure
testing. The upper cervical spine (Occiput-C2) was found to
be significantly less stiff, absorb less strain energy, and
fail at higher loads than the lower cervical spine (C4-C5
and C6-C7). Increasing the moment arm of the applied tensile
load resulted in larger head rotations, larger moments, and
significantly higher tensile ultimate strengths in the upper
cervical spine. The strength of the upper cervical spine
when loaded through the head center of gravity (2417 +/- 215
N) was greater than when loaded over the occipital condyles
(2032 +/- 250 N), which is not predicted by beam theory.
Beam theory predicts that increased tensile loading
eccentricity results in decreased axial failure loads.
Analyses of the force-deflection histories suggest that
ligament loading in the upper cervical spine depends on the
amount of head rotation orientation, which may explain why
the neck is stronger in combined tension and
extension.},
Key = {Dibb09}
}
@booklet{Siegmund08,
Author = {G. P. Siegmund and M. B. Davis and K. P. Quinn and E. Hines and B. S. Myers and S. Ejima and K. Ono and K. Kamiji and T.
Yasuki and B. A. Winkelstein},
Title = {Head-turned postures increase the risk of cervical facet
capsule injury during whiplash},
Journal = {Spine},
Volume = {33},
Number = {15},
Pages = {1643 -- 1649},
Year = {2008},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0362-2436},
Abstract = {Study Design. In vitro experiments using cadaveric cervical
spine motion segments to quantify facet capsular ligament
strain during whiplash-like loading. Objective. To quantify
facet capsule strains during whiplash-like loading with an
axial intervertebral prerotation simulating an initial
head-turned posture and to then compare these strains to
previously-published strains for partial failure and gross
failure of the facet capsule for these specimens. Summary of
Background Data. Clinical data have shown that a head-turned
posture at impact increases the severity and duration of
whiplash-related symptoms. Methods. Thirteen motion segments
were used from 7 women donors ( 50 +/- 10 years). Axial
pretorques (+/-1.5 Nm), axial compressive preloads ( 45,
197, and 325 N), and quasi-static shear loads (
posteriorly-directed horizontal forces from 0 to 135 N) were
applied to the superior vertebral body to simulate whiplash
kinematics with the head turned. Three-dimensional
displacements of markers placed on the right facet capsular
ligament were used to estimate the strain field in the
ligament during loading. The effects of pretorque direction,
compression, and posterior shear on motion segment motion
and maximum principal strain in the capsule were examined
using repeated-measures analyses of variance. Results. Axial
pretorque affected peak capsule strains more than axial
compression or posterior shear. Peak strains reached 34\%
+/- 18\% and were higher for pretorques toward rather than
away from the facet capsule (i.e., head rotation to the
right caused higher strain in the right facet capsule).
Conclusion. Compared to previously-reported data for these
specimens, peak capsule strains with a pretorque were double
those without a pretorque ( 17\% +/- 6\%) and not
significantly different from those at partial failure of the
ligament ( 35\% +/- 21\%). Thus a head-turned posture
increases facet capsular ligament strain compared to a
neutral head posture - a finding consistent with the greater
symptom severity and duration observed in whiplash patients
who have their head turned at impact.},
Key = {Siegmund08}
}
@booklet{Finan08,
Author = {J. D. Finan and R. W. Nightingale and B. S.
Myers},
Title = {The Influence of Reduced Friction on Head Injury Metrics in
Helmeted Head Impacts},
Journal = {Traffic Injury Prevention},
Volume = {9},
Number = {5},
Pages = {483 -- 488},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {1538-9588},
Abstract = {Objective. Reducing surface friction has been shown to
reduce head injury risk in some scenarios. However, rigid
body mechanics suggests that other scenarios may exist in
which reducing surface friction increases head injury risk.
The goal of this study is to demonstrate that reducing
friction on the surface of a helmet decreases the rotational
acceleration of the head in some scenarios and increases it
in other scenarios and to discuss the implications for
helmet design. Methods. A series of drop tests were
conducted to simulate normal and oblique impacts and assess
head injury risk with conventional helmets and helmets that
had been modified to reduce friction. Results. The low
friction modification had little influence on peak linear
head acceleration or HIC. However, it decreased peak
rotational acceleration by 55\% in one oblique impact
scenario and increased it by 83\% in another oblique impact
scenario. In normal impacts, the low friction modification
had no effect on peak rotational acceleration. Conclusions.
The relationship between rotational acceleration and surface
friction is sensitive to the impact scenario. A single
oblique impact test may be misleading when assessing the
overall performance of a low friction helmet. The
implications of these findings for helmet design are
discussed.},
Key = {Finan08}
}
@booklet{Chancey07,
Author = {V. C. Chancey and D. Ottaviano and B. S. Myers and R. W.
Nightingale},
Title = {A kinematic and anthropometric study of the upper cervical
spine and the occipital condyles},
Journal = {Journal Of Biomechanics},
Volume = {40},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1953 -- 1959},
Year = {2007},
ISSN = {0021-9290},
Abstract = {The center of rotation (COR) of the upper cervical spine
(UCS) is an important biomechanical landmark that is used to
determine upper neck moment, particularly when evaluating
injury risk in the automotive environment. However, neither
the location of the UCS CORs nor the occipital condyles
(OCs), which are frequently the referenced landmark for UCS
CORs, have been measured with respect to known cranial
landmarks. This study determines the CORs using pure bending
(+/- 3.5Nm), 3D digitization, and image analysis. Landmarks
digitized included the OCs, external auditory meatus (EAM),
infraorbital foramen, zygion, nasion, and the foramen
magnum. The centroid of each occipital condylar surface
(area 301 +/- 29.8 mm(2); length 25.4 +/- 3.2 min) was
located 18.4 min posterior, 54.4 mm medial, and 3 1.0 mrn
inferior of the EAM. The UCS CORs were distinct: On average,
OC-C1 CORs (22.5 mm posterior and 22.6 mm inferior to the
left EAM) were superior and more posterior of OCs; C1-C2
CORs (7.4 mm posterior and 46.7 turn inferior to the left
EAM) were inferior and more anterior of OC; and OC-C2 CORs
(17.0 mm posterior and 33.1 mm inferior to the left EAM)
were aligned with OC. There was a statistically significant
difference between the percentage of UCS rotation in C1-C2
and OC-Cl; 45\% of the flexion and 71 \% of the extension
occurred in OC-C1. Details of an anatomical variant with two
pairs of distinct condylar surfaces are also presented. (C)
2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
Key = {Chancey07}
}
@booklet{Nightingale07,
Author = {R. W. Nightingale and V. C. Chancey and D. Ottaviano and J.
F. Luck and L. Tran and M. Prange and B. S.
Myers},
Title = {Flexion and extension structural properties and strengths
for male cervical spine segments},
Journal = {Journal Of Biomechanics},
Volume = {40},
Number = {3},
Pages = {535 -- 542},
Year = {2007},
ISSN = {0021-9290},
Abstract = {New vehicle safety standards are designed to limit the
amount of neck tension and extension seen by out-of-position
motor vehicle occupants during airbag deployments. The
criteria used to assess airbag injury risk are currently
based on volunteer data and animal studies due to a lack of
bending tolerance data for the adult cervical spine. This
study provides quantitative data on the flexion-extension
bending properties and strength on the male cervical spine,
and tests the hypothesis that the male is stronger than the
female in pure bending. An additional objective is to
determine if there are significant differences in stiffness
and strength between the male upper and lower cervical
spine. Pure-moment flexibility and failure testing was
conducted on 41 male spinal segments (O-C2, C4-C5. C6-C7) in
a pure-moment test frame and the results were compared with
a previous study of females. Failures were conducted at
approximately 90 N-m/s. In extension, the male upper
cervical spine (O-C2) fails at a moment of 49.5 (s.d. 17.6)
N-m and at an angle of 42.4 degrees (s.d. 8.0 degrees). In
flexion, the mean moment at failure is 39.0 (s.d. 6.3
degrees) N-m and an angle of 58.7 degrees (s.d. 5.1
degrees). The difference in strength between flexion and
extension is not statistically significant. The difference
in the angles is statistically significant. The upper
cervical spine was significantly stronger than the lower
cervical spine in both flexion and extension. The male upper
cervical spine was significantly stiffer than the female and
significantly stronger than the female in flexion. Odontoid
fractures were the most common injury produced in extension,
suggesting a tensile mechanism due to tensile loads in the
odontoid ligamentous complex. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All
rights reserved.},
Key = {Nightingale07}
}
@booklet{Margulies06,
Author = {S. Margulies and M. Prange and B. S. Myers and M. R. Maltese and S. B. Ji and X. G. Ning and J. Fisher and K. Arbogast and C. Christian},
Title = {Shaken baby syndrome: A flawed biomechanical
analysis},
Journal = {Forensic Science International},
Volume = {164},
Number = {2-3},
Pages = {278 -- 279},
Year = {2006},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0379-0738},
Key = {Margulies06}
}
@booklet{Siegmund03a,
Author = {G. P. Siegmund and D. J. Sanderson and B. S. Myers and J. T.
Inglis},
Title = {Rapid neck muscle adaptation alters the head kinematics of
aware and unaware subjects undergoing multiple whiplash-like
perturbations},
Journal = {Journal Of Biomechanics},
Volume = {36},
Number = {4},
Pages = {473 -- 482},
Year = {2003},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0021-9290},
Abstract = {To examine whether habituation confounds the study of
whiplash injury using human subjects, we quantified changes
in the magnitude and temporal development of the neck muscle
electromyogram and peak linear and angular head/torso
kinematics of subjects exposed to sequential whiplash-like
perturbations. Forty-four seated subjects (23F, 21 M)
underwent 11 consecutive forward horizontal perturbations
(peak sled acceleration = 1.5 g). Electromyographic (EMG)
activity was recorded over the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and
cervical paraspinal (PARA) muscles with surface electrodes,
and head and torso kinematics were measured using linear and
angular accelerometers and a 3D motion analysis system. EMG
onset occurred at reflex latencies (67-75ms in SCM) and did
not vary with repeated perturbations. EMG amplitude was
significantly attenuated by the second perturbation in PARA
muscles and by the third perturbation in SCM muscles. The
mean decrement in EMG amplitude between the first trial and
the mean of the last five trials was between 41\% and 64\%.
Related kinematic changes ranged from a 21\% increase in
head extension angle to a 29\% decrease in forward
acceleration at the forehead, and were also significantly
different by the second exposure in some variables. Although
a wider range of perturbation intensities and
inter-perturbation intervals need to be studied, the
significant changes observed in both muscle and kinematic
variables by the second perturbation indicated that
habituation was a potential confounder of whiplash injury
studies using repeated perturbations of human subjects. (C)
2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
Key = {Siegmund03a}
}
@booklet{Siegmund03,
Author = {G. P. Siegmund and D. J. Sanderson and B. S. Myers and J. T.
Inglis},
Title = {Awareness affects the response of human subjects exposed to
a single whiplash-like perturbation},
Journal = {Spine},
Volume = {28},
Number = {7},
Pages = {671 -- 679},
Year = {2003},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0362-2436},
Abstract = {Study Design. Human subjects were exposed experimentally to
a single whiplash-like perturbation. Objective. To determine
how awareness of the presence and timing of a whiplash-like
perturbation affects the onset and amplitude of the neck
muscle response and the peak magnitude of head and neck
kinematics. Summary of Background Data. Although most
whiplash injuries are sustained in rear-end collisions,
which occur without warning, most studies of whiplash injury
have used subjects aware of the imminent perturbation.
Methods. Seated subjects ( 35 women and 31 men) underwent a
single forward horizontal perturbation ( peak acceleration,
1.5 g). Surface electromyography measured the
sternocleidomastoid and cervical paraspinal muscle activity.
Three awareness conditions were tested: a countdown for
subjects alerted to their perturbation, a perturbation
without an alert for subjects who expected it within 60
seconds, and an unexpected perturbation for surprised
subjects who were deceived. Results. The muscle and
kinematic responses of aware ( alerted and unalerted)
subjects were not significantly different.
Sternocleidomastoid activation occurred 7 ms later in
surprised subjects than in aware subjects (P $<$ 0.0002).
Cervical paraspinal amplitudes were 260\% larger and angular
head accelerations in flexion were 180\% larger in surprised
male subjects than in alerted male subjects. Surprised
female subjects exhibited a 25\% larger head retraction and
a 30\% lower forward acceleration of the mastoid process
than aware female subjects. Conclusions. The larger
retractions observed in surprised females likely produce
larger tissue strains and may increase injury potential.
Aware human subjects may not replicate the muscle response,
kinematic response, or whiplash injury potential of
unprepared occupants in real collisions.},
Key = {Siegmund03}
}
@booklet{Shah03,
Author = {A. N. Shah and R. Pietrobon and W. J. Richardson and B. S.
Myers},
Title = {Patterns of tumor spread and risk of fracture and epidural
impingement in metastatic vertebrae},
Journal = {Journal Of Spinal Disorders \& Techniques},
Volume = {16},
Number = {1},
Pages = {83 -- 89},
Year = {2003},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1536-0652},
Abstract = {Among patients with vertebral metastases, the identification
of candidates for surgical stabilization has a limited basis
in evidence. We retrospectively studied patterns of tumor
spread (n = 756 vertebrae) and predictors of fracture and
epidural impingement (n = 113 vertebrae) in infiltrated
vertebrae with varying tumor histologies using sequential
magnetic resonance images. Vertebral bodies were divided
into 16 cells to map lesions. Fractured vertebrae were
classified based on histology, level, fracture pattern,
prefracture infiltration, and epidural impingement. Lesions
were most often located within upper lumbar levels and the
medial vertebral body. Fracture risk was greatest for upper
lumbar (RR = 1.95; 95\% CI: 1.12, 3.38) and undifferentiated
tumors (RR = 7.36; 95\% CI: 2.69, 20.12). A fourfold
increase in fracture risk was noted in vertebrae with
$>$80\% body infiltration (HR = 4.5966; 95\% CI: 1.66,
12.71). Symmetric fractures with fragments had the greatest
risk of epidural impingement (p = 0.002). These findings
have implications for management of patients with vertebral
metastases.},
Key = {Shah03}
}
@booklet{Winkelstein02,
Author = {B. A. Winkelstein and B. S. Myers},
Title = {Importance of nonlinear and multivariable flexibility
coefficients in the prediction of human cervical spine
motion},
Journal = {Journal Of Biomechanical Engineering-transactions Of The
Asme},
Volume = {124},
Number = {5},
Pages = {504 -- 511},
Year = {2002},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0148-0731},
Abstract = {The flexibility matrix currently forms the basis for
multibody dynamics models of cervical spine motion. While
studies have aimed to determine cervical motion segment
behavior their accuracy and utility have been limited by
both experimental and analytical assumptions. Flexibility
terms have been primarily represented as constants despite
the spines nonlinear stiffening response. Also, nondiagonal
terms, describing coupled motions, of the matrices are often
omitted. Currently, no study validates the flexibility
approach for predicting vertebral motions; nor have the
effects of matrix approximations and simplifications been
quantified. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to
quantify flexibility relationships for cervical motion
segments, examine the importance of nonlinear components of
the flexibility matrix, and determine the extent to which
multivariable relationships may alter motion prediction. To
that end, using unembalmed human cervical spine motion
segments, a full battery of flexibility tests were performed
for a neutral orientation and also following an axial
pretorque. Primary and coupled matrix components were
described using linear and piecewise nonlinear incremental
constants. A third matrix approach utilized multivariable
incremental relationships. Measured motions were predicted
using structural flexibility methods and evaluated using RMS
error between predicted and measured responses. A full set
of flexibility relationships describe primary and coupled
motions for C3-C4 and C5-C6. A flexibility matrix using
piecewise incremental responses offers improved predictions
over one using linear methods (p$<$0.01). However, no
significant improvement is obtained using nonlinear terms
represented by a multivariable functional approach
(p$<$0.2). Based on these findings, it is suggested that a
multivariable approach for flexibility is more demanding
experimentally and analytically while not offering improved
motion prediction.},
Key = {Winkelstein02}
}
@booklet{Nightingale02,
Author = {R. W. Nightingale and B. A. Winkelstein and K. E. Knaub and W. J. Richardson and J. F. Luck and B. S.
Myers},
Title = {Comparative strengths and structural properties of the upper
and lower cervical spine in flexion and extension},
Journal = {Journal Of Biomechanics},
Volume = {35},
Number = {6},
Pages = {725 -- 732},
Year = {2002},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0021-9290},
Abstract = {The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that the
upper cervical spine is weaker than the lower cervical spine
in pure flexion and extension bending, which may explain the
propensity for upper cervical spine injuries in airbag
deployments. An additional objective is to evaluate the
relative strength and flexibility of the upper and lower
cervical spine in an effort to better understand injury
mechanisms, and to provide quantitative data on bending
responses and failure modes. Pure moment flexibility and
failure testing was conducted on 52 female spinal segments
in a pure-moment test frame. The average moment at failure
for the O-C2 segments was 23.7+/-3.4N m for flexion and
43.3+/-9.3Nm for extension. The ligamentous upper cervical
spine was significantly stronger in extension than in
flexion (p = 0.001). The upper cervical spine was
significantly stronger than the lower cervical spine in
extension. The relatively high strength of the upper
cervical spine in tension and in extension is paradoxical
given the large number Of upper cervical spine injuries in
out-of-position airbag deployments. This discrepancy is most
likely due to load sharing by the active musculature. (C)
2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
Key = {Nightingale02}
}
@booklet{Camacho01,
Author = {D. L. A. Camacho and R. W. Nightingale and B. S.
Myers},
Title = {The influence of surface padding properties on head and neck
injury risk},
Journal = {Journal Of Biomechanical Engineering-transactions Of The
Asme},
Volume = {123},
Number = {5},
Pages = {432 -- 439},
Year = {2001},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0148-0731},
Abstract = {A validated computational head-neck model was used to
understand the mechanical relationships between surface
padding characteristics and injury risk during impacts near
the head vertex. The study demonstrated that injury risk can
be decreased by maximizing the energy-dissipating ability,
of the pad, choosing a pad stiffness that maximizes pad
deformation without bottoming out, maximizing pad thickness,
and minimizing surface friction. That increasing pad
thickness protected the head without increasing neck loads
suggests that the increased cervical spine injury incidence
previously observed in cadaveric impacts to padded surfaces
relative to lubricated rigid surfaces was due to increased
surface friction rather than pocketing of the head in the
pad.},
Key = {Camacho01}
}
@booklet{Siegmund01,
Author = {G. P. Siegmund and B. S. Myers and M. B. Davis and H. F.
Bohnet and B. A. Winkelstein},
Title = {Mechanical evidence of cervical facet capsule injury during
whiplash - A cadaveric study using combined shear,
compression, and extension loading},
Journal = {Spine},
Volume = {26},
Number = {19},
Pages = {2095 -- 2101},
Year = {2001},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0362-2436},
Abstract = {Study Design. A comparison of cervical facet capsule strain
fields in cadaveric motion segments exposed to whiplash-like
loads and failure loads. Objectives. To compare the maximum
principal strain in the facet capsular ligament under
combined shear, bending, and compressive loads with those
required to injure the ligament. Summary of Background Data.
The cervical facet capsular ligament is thought to be an
anatomic site for whiplash injury, although the mechanism of
its injury remains unclear. Methods. Motion segments from
seven female donors were exposed to quasi-static flexibility
tests using posterior shear loads of 135 N applied to the
superior vertebra under four compressive axial preloads up
to 325 N. The right facet joint was then isolated and failed
in posterior shear loading. The Lagrangian strain field in
the right facet capsular ligament was calculated from
capsular displacements determined by stereophotogrammetry.
Statistical analyses examined the effect of axial
compression on motion segment flexibility, and compared
maximum principal capsular strain between the flexibility
and failure tests. Results. Capsular strain increased with
applied shear load but did not vary with axial compressive
load. The maximum principal strain reached during the
flexibility tests was 61\% +/- 33\% of that observed in
subcatastrophic failures of the isolated joints. Two
specimens reached strains in their flexibility tests that
were larger than their corresponding strains at
subcatastrophic failure in the failure tests. Conclusions.
The cervical facet capsular ligaments may be inured under
whiplash-like loads of combined shear, bending, and
compression. The results provide a mechanical basis basis
for injury caused by whiplash loading.},
Key = {Siegmund01}
}
@booklet{Winkelstein01,
Author = {B. A. Winkelstein and R. E. Mclendon and A. Barbir and B. S.
Myers},
Title = {An anatomical investigation of the human cervical facet
capsule, quantifying muscle insertion area},
Journal = {Journal Of Anatomy},
Volume = {198},
Pages = {455 -- 461},
Year = {2001},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0021-8782},
Abstract = {Facet capsule injury has been hypothesised as a mechanism
for neck pain. While qualitative studies have demonstrated
the proximity of neck muscles to the cervical facet capsule,
the magnitude of their forces remains unknown owing to a
lack of quantitative muscle geometry. In this study,
histological techniques were employed to quantify muscle
insertions on the human cervical facet capsule. Computerised
image analysis of slides stained with h Masson's trichrome
was performed to characterise the geometry of the cervical
facet capsule and determine the total insertion area of
muscle fibres into the facet capsule for the C4-C5 and C5-C6
joints, Muscle insertions were found to cover 22.4 +/- 9.6
\% of the capsule area for these cervical levels,
corresponding to a mean muscle insertion area of 47.6 +/-
21.8 mm(2). The magnitude of loading to the cervical facet
capsule due to eccentric muscle contraction is estimated to
be as high as 51 N. When taken in conjunction with the
forces acting On the capsular ligament due to vertebral
motions, these forces can be as high as 66 N. In that
regard, these anatomical data provide quantitative evidence
of substantial muscle insertions into the cervical facet
capsular Ligament and provide a possible mechanism for
injury to this ligament and the facet joint as a
whole.},
Key = {Winkelstein01}
}
@booklet{Fields00,
Author = {M. J. Fields and K. Hoshijima and A. H. P. Feng and W. J.
Richardson and B. S. Myers},
Title = {A biomechanical, radiologic, and clinical comparison of
outcome after multilevel cervical laminectomy or
laminoplasty in the rabbit},
Journal = {Spine},
Volume = {25},
Number = {22},
Pages = {2925 -- 2931},
Year = {2000},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0362-2436},
Abstract = {Study Design. A rabbit model was used to compare clinical
outcome, radiographic changes, and biomechanical flexibility
after cervical laminectomy and open-door laminoplasty.
Objective, This study tested the hypothesis that
radiographic changes and biomechanical flexibility could
explain the differences in clinical outcome after cervical
laminectomy and laminoplasty. Summary of Background Data.
Although multilevel cervical laminoplasty is thought to have
advantages over cervical laminectomy, clinical outcome
studies have been contradictory, and no experimental study
has examined the possible mechanisms for the differences
after healing. Methods. Twenty-four New Zealand White
rabbits were randomized into four groups: normal, sham,
C3-C6 wide laminectomy, and C3-C6 open-door laminoplasty.
Clinical, radiographic, and biomechanical data were
collected and compared up to 3 months after surgery.
Results. Laminectomy had a statistically significant poorer
clinical outcome when compared with laminoplasty after 3
months of healing. Radiologic analysis showed statistically
significant angular deformity in the laminectomy group
compared with laminoplasty and control groups at 3 months;
in contrast, biomechanical measures of flexibility, neutral
zone, and range of motion showed only small differences
between any of the groups at any time. Conclusions. The
presence of deformity, and not a change in flexibility, is
responsible for the differences in clinical outcome observed
after laminectomy compared with laminoplasty in this
model.},
Key = {Fields00}
}
@booklet{Winkelstein00,
Author = {B. A. Winkelstein and R. W. Nightingale and W. J. Richardson and B. S. Myers},
Title = {The cervical facet capsule and its role in whiplash injury -
A biomechanical investigation},
Journal = {Spine},
Volume = {25},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1238 -- 1246},
Year = {2000},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0362-2436},
Abstract = {Study Design. Cervical facet capsular strains were
determined during bending and at failure in the human
cadaver. Objective. To determine the effect of an axial
pretorque on facet capsular strains and estimate the risk
for subcatastrophic capsular injury during normal bending
motions. Summary of Background Data. Epidemiologic and
clinical studies have identified the facet capsule as a
potential site of injury and prerotation as a risk factor
for whiplash injury. Unfortunately, biomechanical date on
the cervical facet capsule and its role in whiplash injury
are not available. Methods. Cervical spine motion segments
were tested in a pure-moment test frame and the full-field
strains determined throughout the facet capsule. Motion
segments were tested with and without a pretorque in pure
bending. The isolated facet was then elongated to failure.
Maximum principal strains during bending were compared with
failure strains, by paired t test. Results. Statistically
significant increases in principal capsular strains during
flexion-extension loading were observed when a pretorque was
applied. All measured strains during bending were
significantly less than strains at catastrophic joint
failure. The same was true for subcatastrophic ligament
failure strains, except in the presence of a pretorque.
Conclusions. Pretorque of the heed and neck increases facet
capsular strains, supporting its role in the whiplash
mechanism. Although the facet capsule does not appear to be
at risk for gross injury during normal bending motions, a
small portion of the population may be at risk for
subcatastrophic injury.},
Key = {Winkelstein00}
}
@booklet{Fields00a,
Author = {M. J. Fields and K. Hoshijima and W. J. Richardson and B. S.
Myers},
Title = {Clinical outcome scales for use in a rabbit model of
cervical myelopathy},
Journal = {Journal Of Spinal Disorders},
Volume = {13},
Number = {2},
Pages = {124 -- 130},
Year = {2000},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0895-0385},
Abstract = {This study determined the ability of an upper extremity
Tarlov scale, a lower extremity Tarlov scale, and the Durham
scale to predict the development of myelopathy and the
likelihood of survival in a rabbit model of surgical
treatments for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Forty-eight
rabbits were evaluated using the scales after cervical
spinal surgery. Logistic regression analysis revealed that
all three scales could predict the occurrence of myelopathy.
However, only the Durham and lower extremity Tarlov scales
also predicted the likelihood of survival. The Durham scale
is offered as a useful predictor of myelopathy and survival
in an animal model of surgical treatments for cervical
spondylotic myelopathy. The lower extremity Tarlov scale is
also a useful predictor of outcome; however, the upper
extremity Tarlov scale is not recommended.},
Key = {Fields00a}
}
@booklet{Ee00,
Author = {C. A. van Ee and A. L. Chasse and B. S. Myers},
Title = {Quantifying skeletal muscle properties in cadaveric test
specimens: Effects of mechanical loading, postmortem time,
and freezer storage},
Journal = {Journal Of Biomechanical Engineering-transactions Of The
Asme},
Volume = {122},
Number = {1},
Pages = {9 -- 14},
Year = {2000},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0148-0731},
Abstract = {Investigators currently lack the data necessary to define
the state of skeletal muscle properties within cadaveric
specimens. The purpose of this study is to define the
temporal changes in the postmortem properties of skeletal
muscle as a function of mechanical loading and freezer
storage. The tibialis anterior of the New Zealand white
rabbit was chosen for study. Modulus and no-load strain were
found to vary significantly from live after eight hours
postmortem. Following the changes that occur during rigor
mortis, a stable region of postmortem, post-rigor properties
occurred between 36 to 72 hours postmortem. A freeze-thaw
process was not found to have a significant effect on the
post-rigor response. The first loading cycle response of
post-rigor muscle was unrepeatable but stiffer than live
passive muscle. After preconditioning, the post-rigor muscle
response was repeatable. The preconditioned post-rigor
response was less stiff than the live passive response due
to a significant increase in no-load strain. Failure
properties of postmortem muscle were found to be
significantly different from live passive muscle with a
significant decrease in failure stress (61 percent) and
energy (81 percent), while failure strain was unchanged.
These results suggest that the post-rigor response of
cadaveric muscle is unaffected by freezing but sensitive to
even a few cycles of mechanical loading.
[S0148-0731(00)00301-0].},
Key = {Ee00}
}
@booklet{Nightingale00,
Author = {R. W. Nightingale and D. L. Camacho and A. J. Armstrong and J. J. Robinette and B. S. Myers},
Title = {Inertial properties and loading rates affect buckling modes
and injury mechanisms in the cervical spine},
Journal = {Journal Of Biomechanics},
Volume = {33},
Number = {2},
Pages = {191 -- 197},
Year = {2000},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0021-9290},
Abstract = {Cervical spine injuries continue to be a costly societal
problem. Future advancements in injury prevention depend on
improved physical and computational models which, in turn,
are predicated on a better understanding of the responses of
the neck during dynamic loading. Previous studies have shown
that the tolerance of the neck is dependent on its initial
position and its buckling behavior. This study uses a
computational model to examine the mechanical factors
influencing buckling behavior during impact to the neck. It
was hypothesized that the inertial properties of the
cervical spine influence the dynamics during compressive
axial loading. The hypothesis was tested by performing
parametric analyses of vertebral mass, mass moments of
inertia, motion segment stiffness, and loading rate.
Increases in vertebral mass resulted in increasingly complex
kinematics and larger peak loads and impulses. Similar
results were observed for increases in stiffness. Faster
loading rates were associated with higher peak loads and
higher-order buckling modes. The results demonstrate that
mass has a great deal of influence on the buckling behavior
of the neck, particularly with respect to the expression of
higher-order modes. Injury types and mechanisms may be
substantially altered by loading rate because inertial
effects may influence whether the cervical spine fails in a
compressive mode, or a bending mode. (C) 2000 Elsevier
Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
Key = {Nightingale00}
}
@booklet{Camacho99,
Author = {D. L. A. Camacho and R. W. Nightingale and B. S.
Myers},
Title = {Surface friction in near-vertex head and neck impact
increases risk of injury},
Journal = {Journal Of Biomechanics},
Volume = {32},
Number = {3},
Pages = {293 -- 301},
Year = {1999},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0021-9290},
Abstract = {A computational head-neck model was developed to test the
hypothesis that increases in friction between the head and
impact surface will increase head and neck injury risk
during near-axial impact. The model consisted of rigid
vertebrae interconnected by assemblies of nonlinear springs
and dashpots, and a finite element shell model of the skull.
For frictionless impact surfaces, the model reproduced the
kinematics and kinetics observed in near-axial impacts to
cadaveric head-neck specimens. Increases in the coefficient
of friction between the head and impact surface over a range
from 0.0 to 1.0 resulted in increases of up to 40, 113, 9.8,
and 43\% in peak post-buckled resultant neck forces, peak
moment at the occiput-C1 joint, peak resultant head
accelerations, and HIC values, respectively. The most
dramatic increases in injury-predicting quantities occurred
for COF increases from 0.0 to 0.2, while further COF
increases above 0.5 generally produced only nominal changes.
These data suggest that safety equipment and impact
environments which minimize the friction between the head
and impact surface may reduce the risk of head and neck
injury in near-vertex head impact. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science
Ltd. All rights reserved.},
Key = {Camacho99}
}
@booklet{Myers98,
Author = {B. S. Myers and C. T. Woolley and T. L. Slotter and W. E.
Garrett and T. M. Best},
Title = {The influence of strain rate on the passive and stimulated
engineering stress large strain behavior of the rabbit
tibialis anterior muscle},
Journal = {Journal Of Biomechanical Engineering-transactions Of The
Asme},
Volume = {120},
Number = {1},
Pages = {126 -- 132},
Year = {1998},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0148-0731},
Abstract = {The passive and stimulated engineering stress-large strain
mechanical properties of skeletal muscle were measured at
the midbelly of the rabbit tibialis anterior. The purpose of
these experiments was to provide previously unavailable
constitutive information based on the true geometry of the
muscle and to determine the effect of strain rate on these
responses. An apparatus including an ultrasound imager,
high-speed digital imager, and a servohydraulic linear
actuator was used to apply constant velocity deformations to
the tibialis anterior of an anesthetized neurovascularly
intact rabbit The average isometric tetanic stress prior to
elongation was 0.44 +/- 0.15 MPa, Daring elongation the
average stimulated modulus was 0.97 +/- 0.34 MPa and was
insensitive to rate of loading. The passive stress-strain
responses showed a nonlinear stiffening response typical of
biologic soft tissue. Both the passive and stimulated
stress-strain responses were sensitive to strain rate over
the range of strain rates (1 to 25 s(-1)). Smaller changes
in average strain rate (1 to 10, and 10 to 25 s(-1)) did not
produce statistically significant changes in these
responses, particularly in the stimulated responses, which
were less sensitive to average strain rate than the passive
responses. This relative insensitivity to strain rate
suggests that pseudoelastic functions generated from an
appropriate strain rate test may be suitable for the
characterization of the responses of muscle over a narrow
range of strain rates, particularly in stimulated
muscle.},
Key = {Myers98}
}
@booklet{Nightingale97,
Author = {R. W. Nightingale and W. J. Richardson and B. S.
Myers},
Title = {The effects of padded surfaces on the risk for cervical
spine injury},
Journal = {Spine},
Volume = {22},
Number = {20},
Pages = {2380 -- 2387},
Year = {1997},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0362-2436},
Abstract = {Study Design. This is an in vitro study comparing cervical
spine injuries produced in rigid head impacts and in padded
head impacts. Objectives. To test the hypothesis that
deformable impact surfaces pose a greater risk for cervical
spine injury than rigid surfaces using a cadaver-based model
that includes the effects of the head and torso masses.
Summary of Background Data. It is widely assumed that
energy-absorbing devices that protect the head from injury
also reduce the risk for neck injury. However, this has not
been demonstrated in any experimental or epidemiologic
study. On the contrary, some studies have shown that padded
surfaces have no effect on neck injury risk, and others have
suggested that they can increase risk. Methods. Experiments
were performed on 18 cadaveric cervical spines to test 6
combinations of impact angle and impact surface padding. The
impact surface was oriented at -15 degrees (posterior
impact), 0 degrees (vertex impact), or +15 degrees (anterior
impact). The impact surface was either a 3-mm sheet of
lubricated Teflon or 5 cm of polyurethane foam. Results.
Impacts onto padded surfaces produced significantly larger
neck impulses (P = 0.00023) and a significantly greater
frequency of cervical spine injuries than rigid impacts (P =
0.0375). The impact angle was also correlated with injury
risk(P $<$ 0.00001). Conclusions. These experiments suggest
that highly deformable, padded contact surfaces should be
used carefully in environments where there is the risk for
cervical spine injury. The results also suggest that the
orientation of the head, neck, and torso relative to the
impact surface is of equal if not greater importance in neck
injury risk.},
Key = {Nightingale97}
}
@booklet{Camacho97,
Author = {D. L. A. Camacho and R. H. Hopper and G. M. Lin and B. S.
Myers},
Title = {An improved method for finite element mesh generation of
geometrically complex structures with application to the
skullbase},
Journal = {Journal Of Biomechanics},
Volume = {30},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1067 -- 1070},
Year = {1997},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0021-9290},
Abstract = {An automated method has been developed to generate finite
element meshes of geometrically complex structures from CT
images using solely hexahedral elements. This technique
improves upon previous voxel-based mesh reconstruction
approaches by smoothing the irregular boundaries at model
surfaces and material interfaces. Over a range of mesh
densities, RMS error in surface Von Mises stress was higher
in the unsmoothed circular ring models (0.11-0.24 MPa) than
in the smoothed models (0.080-0.15 MPa) at each mesh
density. The element-to-element oscillation in surface
element stress, as measured by the average second spatial
derivative of Von Mises stress along the outer surface of
the ring, was higher in the unsmoothed models (11.5-15.0 kPa
mm(-2)) than in the smoothed models (4.0-6.8 kPa mm(-2)).
Similarly, in a human skullbase model, the
element-to-element oscillation in surface Von Mises stress
was higher in the unsmoothed model (5.52 kPa mm(-2)) than in
the smoothed model (1.83 kPa mm(-2)). Using this technique,
finite element models of complex geometries can be rapidly
reconstructed which produce less error at the surface than
voxel-based models with discontinuous surfaces. (C) 1997
Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.},
Key = {Camacho97}
}
@booklet{Winkelstein97,
Author = {B. A. Winkelstein and B. S. Myers},
Title = {The biomechanics of cervical spine injury and implications
for injury prevention},
Journal = {Medicine And Science In Sports And Exercise},
Volume = {29},
Number = {7},
Pages = {S246 -- S255},
Year = {1997},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0195-9131},
Abstract = {Most catastrophic cervical spinal injuries occur as a result
of head impacts in which the head stops and the neck is
forced to stop the moving torso. In these situations the
neck is sufficiently fragile that injuries have been
reported at velocities as low as 3.1 m/s with only a
fraction of the mass of the torso loading the cervical
spine. Cervical spinal injury occurs in less than 20 ms
following head impact, explaining the absence of a
relationship between clinically reported head motions and
the cervical spinal injury mechanism. In contrast, the
forces acting on the spine at the time of injury are able to
explain the injury mechanism and form a rational basis for
classification of vertebral fractures and dislocations.
Fortunately, most head impacts do not result in cervical
spine injuries. Analysis of the biomechanical and clinical
literature shows that the flexibility of the cervical spine
frequently allows the head and neck to flex or extend out of
the path of the torso and escape injury. Accordingly,
constraints which restrict the motion of the neck can
increase the risk for cervical spine injury. These
observations serve as a foundation on which injury
prevention strategies, including coaching, helmets, and
padding, may be evaluated.},
Key = {Winkelstein97}
}
@booklet{Hoshijima97,
Author = {K. Hoshijima and R. W. Nightingale and J. R. Yu and W. J.
Richardson and K. D. Harper and H. Yamamoto and B. S.
Myers},
Title = {Strength and stability of posterior lumbar interbody fusion
- Comparison of titanium fiber mesh implant and tricortical
bone graft},
Journal = {Spine},
Volume = {22},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1181 -- 1188},
Year = {1997},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0362-2436},
Abstract = {Study Design. A paired comparison was done of the bending
flexibility and compression strength of tricortical bone
graft and titanium fiber mesh implants in a human cadaver
model of posterior lumbar interbody fusion. Objectives. To
test the hypothesis that a titanium fiber mesh implant and a
tricortical bone graft provide adequate and equal mechanical
strength and stability in posterior lumbar interbody fusion
constructs. Summary of Background Data. Although studies of
posterior lumbar interbody fusion constructs have been
performed, the authors are unaware of any study in which the
strength and stability of a titanium fiber mesh implant are
compared with those of tricortical bone graft for posterior
lumbar interbody fusion in the human cadaver lumbar spine.
Methods. Changes in neutral zone and range of motion were
measured in a bending flexibility test before and after
placement of posterior lumbar interbody fusion constructs.
Tricortical bone graft and titanium fiber mesh implant
construct stability then were compared in a paired analysis.
The constructs then were loaded to failure to evaluate
construct strength as a function of graft material and bone
mineral density. Results. The posterior lumbar interbody
fusion procedure produced statistically significant
decreases in neutral zone when compared with the intact
spine. No statistically significant differences in neutral
zone, range of motion, or strength were detected between the
two implants. Construct strength correlated strongly with
bone mineral density. Conclusions. Posterior lumbar
interbody fusion procedures result in equal or improved
acute stability for titanium fiber mesh implants and
tricortical bone graft implants when used without additional
posterior stabilization.},
Key = {Hoshijima97}
}
@booklet{Hughes96,
Author = {M. A. Hughes and B. S. Myers and M. L. Schenkman},
Title = {The role of strength in rising from a chair in the
functionally impaired elderly},
Journal = {Journal Of Biomechanics},
Volume = {29},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1509 -- 1513},
Year = {1996},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0021-9290},
Abstract = {Rising from a chair is a task essential for independent
living. Many elderly persons have difficulty with this task.
Previous studies have drawn conflicting conclusions as to
the role of strength in limiting the ability to rise from a
chair. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of
knee extensor strength in rising from a chair in the
functionally impaired elderly. It is hypothesized that knee
extensor strength limits the minimum chair height from which
a subject can rise in the functionally impaired elderly, but
not in the young. Studying both young healthy adults and
functionally impaired elderly showed that required joint
moment increased monotonically with decreasing chair height.
Further, the elderly used significantly more of their
available strength to rise from any chair height, and their
mean required knee moment was 97\% of the available strength
when rising from the lowest chair height from which they
could successfully rise. These data suggest that strength is
a limiting factor in determining the minimum chair height
from which the functionally impaired elderly may rise.
Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.},
Key = {Hughes96}
}
@booklet{Myers96,
Author = {B. S. Myers and P. J. Belmont and W. J. Richardson and J. R.
Yu and K. D. Harper and R. W. Nightingale},
Title = {The role of imaging and in situ biomechanical testing in
assessing pedicle screw pull-out strength},
Journal = {Spine},
Volume = {21},
Number = {17},
Pages = {1962 -- 1968},
Year = {1996},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0362-2436},
Abstract = {Study Design. This study determined the predictive ability
of quantitative computed tomography, dual energy x-ray
absorptiometry, pedicular geometry, and mechanical testing
in assessing the strength of pedicle screw fixation in an in
vitro mechanical test of intrapedicular screw fixation in
the human cadaveric lumbar spine. Objective. To test several
hypotheses regarding the relative predictive value of
densitometry, pedicular geometry, and mechanical testing in
describing pedicle screw pull-out. Summary of Background
Data. Previous investigations have suggested that mechanical
testing, geometry, and densitometry, determined by
quantitative computed tomography or dual energy x-ray
absorptiometry, predict the strength of the screw-bone
system. However, no study has compared the relative
predictive value of these techniques. Methods. Forty-nine
pedicle screw cyclic-combined flexion-extension moment-axial
pull-out tests were performed on human cadaveric lumbar
vertebrae. The predictive ability of quantitative computed
tomography, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, insertional
torque, in situ stiffness, and pedicular geometry was
assessed using multiple regression. Results. Several
variables correlated to force at failure. However, multiple
regression analysis showed that bone mineral density of the
pedicle determined by quantitative computed tomography,
insertional torque, and in situ stiffness when used in
combination resulted in the strongest prediction of pull-out
force. No other measures provided additional predictive
ability in the presence of these measures. Conclusions.
Pedicle density determined by quantitative computed
tomography when used with insertional torque and in situ
stiffness provides the strongest predictive ability of screw
pull-out. Geometric measures of the pedicle and density
determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry do not
provide additional predictive ability in the presence of
these measures.},
Key = {Myers96}
}
@booklet{Nightingale96a,
Author = {R. W. Nightingale and J. H. Mcelhaney and W. J. Richardson and B. S. Myers},
Title = {Dynamic responses of the head and cervical spine to axial
impact loading},
Journal = {Journal Of Biomechanics},
Volume = {29},
Number = {3},
Pages = {307 -- 318},
Year = {1996},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0021-9290},
Abstract = {This study explores the inertial effects of the head and
torso on cervical spine dynamics with the specific goal of
determining whether the head mass can provide a constraining
cervical spine end condition. The hypothesis was tested
using a low friction impact surface and a pocketing foam
impact surface. Impact orientation was also varied. Tests
were conducted on whole unembalmed heads and cervical spines
using a drop track system to produce impact velocities on
the order of 3.2 ms(-1). Data for the head impact forces and
the reactions at T1 were recorded and the tests were also
imaged at 1000 frames s(-1). Injuries occurred 2-19 ms
following head impact and prior to significant head motion.
Average compressive load a failure was 1727 +/- 387 N.
Decoupling was observed between the head and T1. Cervical
spine loading due to head rebound constituted up to 54 +/-
16\% of the total axial neck load for padded impacts and up
to 38 +/- 30\% of the total axial neck load for rigid
impacts. Dynamic buckling was also observed; including
first-order modes and transient higher-order modes which
shifted the structure from a primarily compressive mode of
deformation to various bending modes. These experiments
demonstrate that in the absence of head pocketing, the head
mass can provide sufficient constraint to cause cervical
spine injury. The results also show that cervical spinal
injury dynamics are complex, and that a large sample size of
experimentally produced injuries will be necessary to
develop comprehensive neck injury models and
criteria.},
Key = {Nightingale96a}
}
@booklet{Nightingale96,
Author = {R. W. Nightingale and J. H. Mcelhaney and W. J. Richardson and T. M. Best and B. S. Myers},
Title = {Experimental impact injury to the cervical spine: Relating
motion of the head and the mechanism of injury},
Journal = {Journal Of Bone And Joint Surgery-american
Volume},
Volume = {78A},
Number = {3},
Pages = {412 -- 421},
Year = {1996},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0021-9355},
Abstract = {The purpose of this study was to analyze, with use of an
impact model, the relationships among motion of the head,
local deformations of the cervical spine, and the mechanisms
of injury; the model consisted of the head and neck of a
cadaver, Traditionally, the mechanisms of injury to the
cervical spine have been associated with flexion and
extension motions of the head and neck, However, the
classification of the mechanisms is not always in agreement
with the patient's account of the injury or with lacerations
and contusions of the scalp, which indicate the site of the
impact of the head, Eleven specimens were dropped in an
inverted posture with the head and neck in an anatomically
neutral position, Forces, moments, and accelerations were
recorded, and the impacts were imaged at 1000 frames per
second, The velocity at the time of impact was on the order
of 3.2 meters per second, The angle and the padding of the
impact surface varied, Observable motion of the head did not
correspond to the mechanism of the injury to the cervical
spine, Injury occurred 2.2 to 18.8 milliseconds after impact
and before noticeable motion of the head, However, the
classification of the mechanism of the injuries was
descriptive of the local deformations of the cervical spine
at the time of the injury, Accordingly, it is a useful tool
in describing the local mechanism of injury Buckling of the
cervical spine, involving extension between the third and
sixth cervical vertebrae and flexion between the seventh and
eighth cervical vertebrae, was observed, Other, more
complex, buckling deformations were also seen, suggesting
that the deformations that occur during impact are so
complex that they can give rise to a number of different
mechanisms of injury: CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Classic concepts
of flexion and extension of the head as a mechanism of
injury do not apply to a vertical impact of the head,
Motions of the head, which often are used to classify the
injury, are not a reliable indicator of the mechanism of
injury. The mechanism of injury is descriptive of local
deformations of the cervical spine and forces at the instant
of injury, Although it is a useful tool for describing local
mechanisms of injury care should be taken not to confuse the
mechanism of injury at the level of the motion segment with
the mechanism as it applies to loads on (and resulting
motions of) the head, The complex buckling of the cervical
spine that results from a vertical impact of the head may
cause concomitant flexion and extension in different regions
of the cer,icd spine, Treatment should be based on the local
mechanism, with the understanding that this type of impact
may involve multiple, sometimes non-contiguous, mechanisms
of injury.},
Key = {Nightingale96}
}
@booklet{Best95,
Author = {T. M. Best and J. H. Mcelhaney and W. E. Garrett and B. S.
Myers},
Title = {Axial strain-measurements in skeletal-muscle at various
strain rates},
Journal = {Journal Of Biomechanical Engineering-transactions Of The
Asme},
Volume = {117},
Number = {3},
Pages = {262 -- 265},
Year = {1995},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0148-0731},
Abstract = {A noncontact optical system using high speed image analysis
to measure local tissue deformations and axial strains along
skeletal muscle is described. The spatial resolution of the
system was 20 pixels/cm and the accuracy was +/- 0.125 mm.
In order to minimize the error associated with discrete data
used to characterize a continuous strain field, the
displacement data were fitted with a third order polynomial
and the fitted data differentiated to measure surface
strains using a Lagrangian finite strain formulation. The
distribution of axial strain along the muscle-tendon unit
was nonuniform and rate dependent. Despite a variation in
local strain distribution with strain rate, the maximum
axial strain, E(xx) = 0.614 +/- 0.045 mm/mm, was rate
insensitive and occurred at the failure sire for all tests
The frequency response of the video system (1000 Hz) and the
measurement of a continuous strain field along the entire
length of the structure improve upon previous noncontact
optical systems for measurement of surface strains in soft
tissues.},
Key = {Best95}
}
@booklet{Mcelhaney95,
Author = {J. H. Mcelhaney and R. H. Hopper and R. W. Nightingale and B. S. Myers},
Title = {Mechanisms of basilar skull fracture},
Journal = {Journal Of Neurotrauma},
Volume = {12},
Number = {4},
Pages = {669 -- 678},
Year = {1995},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0897-7151},
Abstract = {Basilar skull fractures comprise a broad category of
injuries that have been attributed to a variety of causal
mechanisms. The objective of this work is to develop an
understanding of the biomechanical mechanisms that result in
basilar skull fractures, specifically focusing on mandibular
impact and neck loading as potential mechanisms. In the
characterization of the injury mechanisms, three
experimental studies have been performed. The first study
evaluated the response of the base of the skull to
midsymphysis loading on the mental protuberance (chin) of
the mandible. Five dynamic impacts using a vertical drop
track and one quasi-static test in a servohydraulic test
frame have been performed. In each test, clinically relevant
mandibular fractures were produced but no basilar skull
fractures were observed. The second study assessed the
fracture tolerance of the base of the skull subject to
direct loading on the temporomandibular joint in conjunction
with tensile loading imposed locally around the foramen
magnum to simulate the effect of the ligaments and
musculature of the neck. Among four specimens that sustained
either complete or incomplete basilar skull ring fractures
remote from the sites of load application, the mean load at
fracture was 4300 +/- 350 N. Energy to fracture was computed
in three of those tests and averaged 13.0 +/- 1.7 J.
Injuries produced were consistent with clinical observations
that have attributed basilar skull ring fractures to
mandibular impacts. In the third series of experimental
tests, loading responses resulting from cranial vault
impacts were investigated using unembalmed human cadaver
heads and ligamentous cervical spines. Multiaxis load cells
and accelerometers, coupled with high-speed digital video,
were used to quantify impact dynamics. The results of these
experiments suggest that while there is a greater
probability of cervical spine injury, basilar skull ring
fractures can result when the head is constrained on the
impact surface and the inertia of the torso drives the
vertebral column onto the occiput.},
Key = {Mcelhaney95}
}
@booklet{Fyda95,
Author = {T. M. Fyda and J. J. Callaghan and C. S. Fulghum and A. V.
Seaber and B. S. Myers},
Title = {A model of cortical window healing in the
rabbit},
Journal = {Orthopedics},
Volume = {18},
Number = {2},
Pages = {177 -- 184},
Year = {1995},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0147-7447},
Abstract = {A rabbit femur cortical window model was developed to study
the time-dependent mechanical and radiographic changes with
various treatments of surgically created windows. In the
present experiment the time-dependent differences in
torsional whole bone strength between femora treated with
window replacement and those treated without replacement
were evaluated. The 3.175 mm diameter windows were
surgically created with a power trephine at the lateral
femoral isthmus unilaterally, with the contralateral femur
serving as a paired control. In one group of animals the
window was reconstructed by replacement of the excised
cortical plug while in the other group the window was left
unreplaced. Each group was divided into three subgroups
sacrificed at 3, 6, and 9 weeks postoperatively. Lateral
radiographs were obtained immediately prior to sacrifice.
After sacrifice bilateral femora were harvested and loaded
to failure on a torsional testing apparatus to obtain values
for ultimate torque, maximum angle of deformation, and
energy capacity expressed as percent of paired control.
Replacement resulted in significantly greater whole bone
strength (P$<$.041), and strength increased significantly
with time (P$<$.006). Radiographic appearance correlated
significantly with both treatment and time, but not
strength. The model was sensitive to both
treatment-dependent and time-dependent effects,
demonstrating potential for evaluation of other cortical
window treatments.},
Key = {Fyda95}
}
@booklet{Myers95,
Author = {B. S. Myers and C. C. Hasty and D. R. Floberg and R. D.
Hoffman and B. J. Leone and W. J. Richardson},
Title = {Measurement of vertebral cortical integrity during pedicle
exploration for intrapedicular fixation},
Journal = {Spine},
Volume = {20},
Number = {2},
Pages = {144 -- 148},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0362-2436},
Abstract = {Study Design. This study determined the predictive ability
of electrical impedance measurement in detecting cortical
perforation in a porcine model of pedicular exploration.
Objective. This study tested the hypothesis that a large
decrease in electrical impedance would occur as a result of
perforation of the vertebral cortex by the pedicle probe.
Summary of Background Data. The resistivity of cortical bone
has been reported to be 25 to 100 times greater than that of
soft tissues. Methods. A total of 42 pedicles of the lumbar
spines of six swine were explored using the instrumented
pedicle probes. Results. Using a 1-mu Amp 30-Hz current
source, measurement of electrical impedance predicted
cortical rupture with a sensitivity, specificity, and
accuracy of 95\%. Maximum applied voltages of 2.8 mV did not
result in myogenic stimulus. Conclusions. Electrical
impedance measurement provides an accurate real-time
measurement of cortical perforation. This technique is
adapted readily for use with pedicular screws and screw
taps. Further investigation to determine the clinical use of
this technique is recommended.},
Key = {Myers95}
}
@booklet{Myers94,
Author = {B. S. Myers and K. B. Arbogast and B. Lobaugh and K. D.
Harper and W. J. Richardson and M. K. Drezner},
Title = {Improved assessment of lumbar vertebral body strength using
supine lateral dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry},
Journal = {Journal Of Bone And Mineral Research},
Volume = {9},
Number = {5},
Pages = {687 -- 693},
Year = {1994},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0884-0431},
Abstract = {Clinical and biomechanical investigations indicate that
assessment of vertebral body bone mineral density (BMD) by
anteroposterior dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a
useful index of vertebral body strength and fracture risk in
osteoporosis. However, inclusion of non-force-bearing and
small-force-bearing mineralized structures, such as the
posterior elements and aortic calcifications, in the
measurement of anterior BMD obscures the assessment of
vertebral body mass by this technique, Indeed, such
interference is particularly severe in the presence of
posterior element degeneration or previous spinal surgery.
Recent anatomic studies illustrate that the lateral view
provides unobstructed visualization of the L3, L4, and
possibly L2 vertebral bodies, suggesting that supine lateral
BMD may more accurately assess vertebral body fracture risk,
We evaluated this hypothesis in a blinded study using human
cadaver spines to compare the value of supine lateral and
anteroposterior BMD in assessing vertebral body fracture
force, average compressive stress, maximum stored strain
energy, and strain at failure. Both measures of BMD
significantly correlate with these biomechanical measures.
However, statistical comparison of the methods using
multiple and stepwise regression reveals that supine lateral
BMD provides a better assessment of the vertebral body
fracture properties than anteroposterior BMD. The enhanced
predictive value of supine lateral BMD occurs because of the
variable contribution of posterior element mineral to the
anteroposterior BMD measurement. Evaluation to test the
utility of supine lateral BMD for the assessment of fracture
risk and a fracture threshold in patients with osteoporosis
is therefore recommended.},
Key = {Myers94}
}
@booklet{Best94,
Author = {T. M. Best and J. Mcelhaney and W. E. Garrett and B. S.
Myers},
Title = {Characterization of the passive responses of live
skeletal-muscle using the quasi-linear theory of
viscoelasticity},
Journal = {Journal Of Biomechanics},
Volume = {27},
Number = {4},
Pages = {413 -- 419},
Year = {1994},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0021-9290},
Abstract = {The tensile viscoclastic responses of live, innervated
rabbit skeletal muscle were measured and characterized using
the quasi-linear model of viscoelasticity. The tibialis
anterior (TA) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of
anesthetized New Zealand white rabbits were surgically
exposed and tested under in vivo conditions. Rate
sensitivity of the force time history was observed in
response to constant velocity testing at rates from 0.01 to
2.0 Hz. Average hysteresis energy, expressed as a percentage
of maximum stored strain energy, was 39.3 +/- 5.4\% and was
insensitive to deformation rate. The quasi-linear model,
with constants derived from relaxation testing, was able to
describe and predict these responses with correlation
exceeding the 99\% confidence interval for the 132 constant
velocity tests performed (r(mean) = 0.9263 +/- 0.0373). The
predictive ability of this model was improved when
compressive loading effects on the muscle were neglected,
r(mean) = 0.9306 +/- 0.0324. The rate insensitivity of
hysteresis energy was predicted by the model; however. the
absolute value of the hysteresis was underestimated (30.2
+/- 4.0\%). Both muscles demonstrated strikingly different
elastic functions. Geometric normalization of these
responses (stress and strain) did not result in a single
elastic function capable of describing both muscles. Based
on these results. the quasi-linear model is recommended for
the characterization of the structural responses of muscle;
however. further investigation is required to determine the
influence of muscle geometry and fiber architecture on the
elastic function.},
Key = {Best94}
}
@booklet{Stranne93,
Author = {S. K. Stranne and J. J. Callaghan and F. H. Cocks and J. L.
Weinerth and A. V. Seaber and B. S. Myers},
Title = {Would revision arthroplasty be facilitated by extracorporeal
shock-wave lithotripsy - an evaluation including whole bone
strength in dogs},
Journal = {Clinical Orthopaedics And Related Research},
Number = {287},
Pages = {252 -- 258},
Year = {1993},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0009-921X},
Abstract = {Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy has been proposed as a
modality to facilitate the removal of bone cement during
revision arthroplasty; however, concomitant cortical
microfractures have been reported. The current study
examines the effect on whole bone strength of extracorporeal
shock-wave lithotripsy directed at the cement-bone complex.
Canine femora were subjected to manual cement extraction or
lithotripsy followed by manual cement extraction.
Contralateral femora served as controls. Torsional fractures
were created, and maximum torque, maximum angular
displacement, and energy capacity to failure were
determined. Although cement extraction alone reduced mean
torque by 6.6\% and failed to reduce mean torque angle or
mean energy capacity, the combination of lithotripsy and
cement extraction reduced mean torque by 7.3\%, mean torque
angle by 14.3\%, and mean energy capacity by 18.3\%. No
statistical significance was demonstrated between the two
groups in torque, angle, or energy capacity. At magnitudes
and numbers of shock waves previously shown to significantly
reduce cement-bone interface mechanical strength,
lithotripsy exposure had a minimal and insignificant effect
on whole bone strength.},
Key = {Stranne93}
}
@booklet{Kliewer93,
Author = {M. A. Kliewer and L. Gray and J. Paver and W. D. Richardson and J. B. Vogler and J. H. Mcelhaney and B. S.
Myers},
Title = {Acute spinal ligament disruption - mr-imaging with anatomic
correlation},
Journal = {Jmri-journal Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging},
Volume = {3},
Number = {6},
Pages = {855 -- 861},
Year = {1993},
ISSN = {1053-1807},
Abstract = {Disruption of spinal ligaments can lead to instability that
jeopardizes the spinal cord and nerve roots. Magnetic
resonance (MR) imaging can directly image spinal ligaments;
however, the sensitivity with which this modality
demonstrates ligament injury has, to the authors' knowledge,
not been reported. On a biomechanical testing machine, 28
cadaveric spines were subjected to controlled injury that
resulted in ligament tears. The spines were then imaged with
plain radiography, computed tomography, and MR imaging (1.5
T). The images were analyzed for evidence of ligament injury
before dissection of the specimen. Forty-one of 52 (79\%)
ligament tears of various types were correctly identified at
MR imaging. Disruptions of the anterior and posterior
longitudinal ligaments were most conspicuous and were
detected in all seven cases in which they were present (no
false-positive or false-negative results); disruptions of
the ligamentum flavum, capsular ligaments, and interspinous
ligaments could also be identified but less reliably (three
false-positive and 11 false-negative results). That MR
imaging can reliably and directly allow assessment of spinal
ligament disruption In this in vitro model suggests its
potential utility for this assessment in
patients.},
Key = {Kliewer93}
}
@booklet{Myers92,
Author = {B. S. Myers and K. Bittenbender and B. Lobaugh and K. D.
Harper and M. K. Drezner},
Title = {Lateral dual energy x-ray absorptiometry - an improved
method to assess vertebral strength},
Journal = {Journal Of Bone And Mineral Research},
Volume = {7},
Pages = {S117 -- S117},
Year = {1992},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0884-0431},
Key = {Myers92}
}
@booklet{Myers91a,
Author = {B. S. Myers and J. H. Mcelhaney and B. J. Doherty and J. G.
Paver and L. Gray},
Title = {The role of torsion in cervical-spine trauma},
Journal = {Spine},
Volume = {16},
Number = {8},
Pages = {870 -- 874},
Year = {1991},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0362-2436},
Abstract = {A dynamic servocontrolled torsion machine has been used to
characterize cervical injury due to pure rotation of the
head. Resultant force moment, torque, and applied rotation
have been measured. Torque applied to the base of the skull
resulted in injury to the atlantoaxial joint. No evidence of
lower cervical injury was observed by computed tomography,
magnetic resonance imaging, in situ fluoroscopy, or visual
inspection. Torque applied directly to the lower cervical
spine induced ligamentous injury and unilateral facet
dislocation; however, the torque to injure the lower
cervical spine was significantly greater than the torque to
injure the atlantoaxial joint. It was concluded that pure
rotation of the head does not mediate lower cervical
ligamentous injury because of the comparative weakness of
the atlantoaxial joint.},
Key = {Myers91a}
}
@booklet{Myers91,
Author = {B. S. Myers and J. H. Mcelhaney and B. J.
Doherty},
Title = {The viscoelastic responses of the human cervical-spine in
torsion - experimental limitations of quasi-linear theory,
and a method for reducing these effects},
Journal = {Journal Of Biomechanics},
Volume = {24},
Number = {9},
Pages = {811 -- 817},
Year = {1991},
ISSN = {0021-9290},
Abstract = {The dynamic torsional viscoelastic responses of the human
cadaver cervical spine were measured in vitro. The
quasi-linear formulation of time dependent behavior was used
to describe and predict the resultant torque as a function
of applied angular deflection and time. The performance of
the quasi-linear model was good, reaching correlation at the
99\% confidence level; however, it tended to underestimate
hysteresis energy (mean relative deviation = -19.1\%) and
observed stiffness. This was in part due to difficulties in
establishing the physical constants of the quasi-linear
model from finite rate relaxation testing. An extrapolation
deconvolution technique to enhance the experimentally
derived constants was developed, to reduce the detrimental
effects of finite rate testing. The quasi-linear model based
on this enhanced derivation showed improved predictive
ability and hysteresis energy determination.},
Key = {Myers91}
}
%% Nunn, Charles L
@article{fds375220,
Author = {Dubrulle, J and Kauffman, K and Soarimalala, V and Randriamoria, T and Goodman, SM and Herrera, J and Nunn, C and Tortosa,
P},
Title = {Effect of habitat degradation on hantavirus infection among
introduced and endemic small mammals of Madagascar.},
Journal = {bioRxiv},
Year = {2023},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.24.573235},
Abstract = {Hantaviruses are globally distributed zoonotic pathogens
capable of causing fatal disease in humans. Rodents and
other small mammals are the typical reservoirs of
hantaviruses, though the particular host varies regionally.
Addressing the risk of hantavirus spillover from animal
reservoirs to humans requires identifying the local mammal
reservoirs and the predictors of infection in those animals,
such as their population density and habitat
characteristics. We screened native and non-native small
mammals and bats in northeastern Madagascar for hantavirus
infection to investigate the influence of habitat, including
effects of human land use on viral prevalence. We trapped
227 bats and 1663 small mammals over 5 successive years in
and around Marojejy National Park across a range of habitat
types including villages, agricultural fields, regrowth
areas, and secondary and semi-intact forests. Animals
sampled included endemic tenrecs (Tenrecidae), rodents
(Nesomyidae) and bats (6 families), along with non-native
rodents (Muridae) and shrews (Soricidae). A hantavirus
closely related to the previously described Anjozorobe virus
infected 9.5% of Rattus rattus sampled. We did not detect
hantaviruses in any other species. Habitat degradation had a
complex impact on hantavirus prevalence in our study system:
more intensive land use increase the abundance of R. rattus.
The average body size of individuals varied between
agricultural and nonagricultural land-use types, which in
turn affected infection prevalence. Smaller R.rattus had
lower probability of infection and were captured more
commonly in villages and forests. Thus, infection prevalence
was highest in agricultural areas. These findings provide
new insights to the gradients of hantavirus exposure risk
for humans in areas undergoing rapid land use
transformations associated with agricultural
practices.},
Doi = {10.1101/2023.12.24.573235},
Key = {fds375220}
}
@article{fds365838,
Author = {Werner, CS and Kasan, K and Geyer, JK and Elmasri, M and Farrell, MJ and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Using phylogeographic link-prediction in primates to
prioritize human parasite screening.},
Journal = {American journal of biological anthropology},
Volume = {182},
Number = {4},
Pages = {583-594},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2023},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24604},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>The ongoing risk of emerging infectious
disease has renewed calls for understanding the origins of
zoonoses and identifying future zoonotic disease threats.
Given their close phylogenetic relatedness and geographic
overlap with humans, non-human primates (NHPs) have been the
source of many infectious diseases throughout human
evolution. NHPs harbor diverse parasites, with some
infecting only a single host species while others infect
species from multiple families.<h4>Materials and
methods</h4>We applied a novel link-prediction method to
predict undocumented instances of parasite sharing between
humans and NHPs. Our model makes predictions based on
phylogenetic distances and geographic overlap among NHPs and
humans in six countries with high NHP diversity: Columbia,
Brazil, Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar, China and
Indonesia.<h4>Results</h4>Of the 899 human parasites
documented in the Global Infectious Diseases and
Epidemiology Network (GIDEON) database for these countries,
12% were shared with at least one other NHP species. The
link prediction model identified an additional 54 parasites
that are likely to infect humans but were not reported in
GIDEON. These parasites were mostly host generalists, yet
their phylogenetic host breadth varied substantially.<h4>Discussion</h4>As
human activities and populations encroach on NHP habitats,
opportunities for parasite sharing between human and
non-human primates will continue to increase. Our study
identifies specific infectious organisms to monitor in
countries with high NHP diversity, while the comparative
analysis of host generalism, parasite taxonomy, and
transmission mode provides insights to types of parasites
that represent high zoonotic risk.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.24604},
Key = {fds365838}
}
@article{fds370084,
Author = {Evans, MV and Ramiadantsoa, T and Kauffman, K and Moody, J and Nunn, CL and Rabezara, JY and Raharimalala, P and Randriamoria, TM and Soarimalala, V and Titcomb, G and Garchitorena, A and Roche,
B},
Title = {Sociodemographic Variables Can Guide Prioritized Testing
Strategies for Epidemic Control in Resource-Limited
Contexts.},
Journal = {The Journal of infectious diseases},
Volume = {228},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1189-1197},
Year = {2023},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad076},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Targeted surveillance allows public
health authorities to implement testing and isolation
strategies when diagnostic resources are limited, and can be
implemented via the consideration of social network
topologies. However, it remains unclear how to implement
such surveillance and control when network data are
unavailable.<h4>Methods</h4>We evaluated the ability of
sociodemographic proxies of degree centrality to guide
prioritized testing of infected individuals compared to
known degree centrality. Proxies were estimated via readily
available sociodemographic variables (age, gender, marital
status, educational attainment, household size). We
simulated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) epidemics via a susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered
individual-based model on 2 contact networks from rural
Madagascar to test applicability of these findings to
low-resource contexts.<h4>Results</h4>Targeted testing using
sociodemographic proxies performed similarly to targeted
testing using known degree centralities. At low testing
capacity, using proxies reduced infection burden by 22%-33%
while using 20% fewer tests, compared to random testing. By
comparison, using known degree centrality reduced the
infection burden by 31%-44% while using 26%-29% fewer
tests.<h4>Conclusions</h4>We demonstrate that incorporating
social network information into epidemic control strategies
is an effective countermeasure to low testing capacity and
can be implemented via sociodemographic proxies when social
network data are unavailable.},
Doi = {10.1093/infdis/jiad076},
Key = {fds370084}
}
@article{fds372662,
Author = {Creighton, MJA and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Explaining the primate extinction crisis: predictors of
extinction risk and active threats.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {290},
Number = {2006},
Pages = {20231441},
Year = {2023},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.1441},
Abstract = {Explaining why some species are disproportionately impacted
by the extinction crisis is of critical importance for
conservation biology as a science and for proactively
protecting species that are likely to become threatened in
the future. Using the most current data on threat status,
population trends, and threat types for 446 primate species,
we advance previous research on the determinants of
extinction risk by including a wider array of phenotypic
traits as predictors, filling gaps in these trait data using
multiple imputation, and investigating the mechanisms that
connect organismal traits to extinction risk. Our Bayesian
phylogenetically controlled analyses reveal that insular
species exhibit higher threat status, while those that are
more omnivorous and live in larger groups have lower threat
status. The same traits are not linked to risk when
repeating our analyses with older IUCN data, which may
suggest that the traits influencing species risk are
changing as anthropogenic effects continue to transform
natural landscapes. We also show that non-insular,
larger-bodied, and arboreal species are more susceptible to
key threats responsible for primate population declines.
Collectively, these results provide new insights to the
determinants of primate extinction and identify the
mechanisms (i.e. threats) that link traits to extinction
risk.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2023.1441},
Key = {fds372662}
}
@article{fds369334,
Author = {Herrera, JP and Moody, J and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Predicting primate-parasite associations using exponential
random graph models.},
Journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
Volume = {92},
Number = {3},
Pages = {710-722},
Year = {2023},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13883},
Abstract = {Ecological associations between hosts and parasites are
influenced by host exposure and susceptibility to parasites,
and by parasite traits, such as transmission mode. Advances
in network analysis allow us to answer questions about the
causes and consequences of traits in ecological networks in
ways that could not be addressed in the past. We used a
network-based framework (exponential random graph models or
ERGMs) to investigate the biogeographic, phylogenetic and
ecological characteristics of hosts and parasites that
affect the probability of interactions among nonhuman
primates and their parasites. Parasites included arthropods,
bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses and helminths. We
investigated existing hypotheses, along with new predictors
and an expanded host-parasite database that included 213
primate nodes, 763 parasite nodes and 2319 edges among them.
Analyses also investigated phylogenetic relatedness,
sampling effort and spatial overlap among hosts. In addition
to supporting some previous findings, our ERGM approach
demonstrated that more threatened hosts had fewer parasites,
and notably, that this effect was independent of hosts also
having a smaller geographic range. Despite having fewer
parasites, threatened host species shared more parasites
with other hosts, consistent with loss of specialist
parasites and threat arising from generalist parasites that
can be maintained in other, non-threatened hosts. Viruses,
protozoa and helminths had broader host ranges than
bacteria, or fungi, and parasites that infect non-primates
had a higher probability of infecting more primate species.
The value of the ERGM approach for investigating the
processes structing host-parasite networks provided a more
complete view on the biogeographic, phylogenetic and
ecological traits that influence parasite species richness
and parasite sharing among hosts. The results supported some
previous analyses and revealed new associations that warrant
future research, thus revealing how hosts and parasites
interact to form ecological networks.},
Doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.13883},
Key = {fds369334}
}
@article{fds369845,
Author = {Nunn, CL},
Title = {COVID-19 and Evolution, Medicine, and Public
Health.},
Journal = {Evolution, medicine, and public health},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1},
Pages = {41-43},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoad002},
Doi = {10.1093/emph/eoad002},
Key = {fds369845}
}
@article{fds361300,
Author = {Kauffman, K and Werner, CS and Titcomb, G and Pender, M and Rabezara,
JY and Herrera, JP and Shapiro, JT and Solis, A and Soarimalala, V and Tortosa, P and Kramer, R and Moody, J and Mucha, PJ and Nunn,
C},
Title = {Comparing transmission potential networks based on social
network surveys, close contacts and environmental overlap in
rural Madagascar.},
Journal = {Journal of the Royal Society, Interface},
Volume = {19},
Number = {186},
Pages = {20210690},
Year = {2022},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2021.0690},
Abstract = {Social and spatial network analysis is an important approach
for investigating infectious disease transmission,
especially for pathogens transmitted directly between
individuals or via environmental reservoirs. Given the
diversity of ways to construct networks, however, it remains
unclear how well networks constructed from different data
types effectively capture transmission potential. We used
empirical networks from a population in rural Madagascar to
compare social network survey and spatial data-based
networks of the same individuals. Close contact and
environmental pathogen transmission pathways were modelled
with the spatial data. We found that naming social partners
during the surveys predicted higher close-contact rates and
the proportion of environmental overlap on the spatial
data-based networks. The spatial networks captured many
strong and weak connections that were missed using social
network surveys alone. Across networks, we found weak
correlations among centrality measures (a proxy for
superspreading potential). We conclude that social network
surveys provide important scaffolding for understanding
disease transmission pathways but miss contact-specific
heterogeneities revealed by spatial data. Our analyses also
highlight that the superspreading potential of individuals
may vary across transmission modes. We provide detailed
methods to construct networks for close-contact transmission
pathogens when not all individuals simultaneously wear GPS
trackers.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsif.2021.0690},
Key = {fds361300}
}
@article{fds361869,
Author = {Voinson, M and Nunn, CL and Goldberg, A},
Title = {Primate malarias as a model for cross-species parasite
transmission.},
Journal = {eLife},
Volume = {11},
Pages = {e69628},
Year = {2022},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.69628},
Abstract = {Parasites regularly switch into new host species,
representing a disease burden and conservation risk to the
hosts. The distribution of these parasites also gives
insight into characteristics of ecological networks and
genetic mechanisms of host-parasite interactions. Some
parasites are shared across many species, whereas others
tend to be restricted to hosts from a single species.
Understanding the mechanisms producing this distribution of
host specificity can enable more effective interventions and
potentially identify genetic targets for vaccines or
therapies. As ecological connections between human and local
animal populations increase, the risk to human and wildlife
health from novel parasites also increases. Which of these
parasites will fizzle out and which have the potential to
become widespread in humans? We consider the case of primate
malarias, caused by <i>Plasmodium</i> parasites, to
investigate the interacting ecological and evolutionary
mechanisms that put human and nonhuman primates at risk for
infection. <i>Plasmodium</i> host switching from nonhuman
primates to humans led to ancient introductions of the most
common malaria-causing agents in humans today, and new
parasite switching is a growing threat, especially in Asia
and South America. Based on a wild host-<i>Plasmodium</i>
occurrence database, we highlight geographic areas of
concern and potential areas to target further sampling. We
also discuss methodological developments that will
facilitate clinical and field-based interventions to improve
human and wildlife health based on this eco-evolutionary
perspective.},
Doi = {10.7554/elife.69628},
Key = {fds361869}
}
@article{fds367866,
Author = {McKinnon, L and Samson, DR and Nunn, CL and Rowlands, A and Salvante,
KG and Nepomnaschy, PA},
Title = {Technological infrastructure, sleep, and rest-activity
patterns in a Kaqchikel Maya community.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {17},
Number = {11},
Pages = {e0277416},
Year = {2022},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277416},
Abstract = {Sleep duration, quality, and rest-activity pattern-a measure
for inferring circadian rhythm-are influenced by multiple
factors including access to electricity. Recent findings
suggest that the safety and comfort afforded by technology
may improve sleep but negatively impact rest-activity
stability. According to the circadian entrainment
hypothesis, increased access to electric lighting should
lead to weaker and less uniform circadian rhythms, measured
by stability of rest-activity patterns. Here, we investigate
sleep in a Maya community in Guatemala who are in a
transitional stage of industrialization. We predicted that
(i) sleep will be shorter and less efficient in this
population than in industrial settings, and that (ii)
rest-activity patterns will be weaker and less stable than
in contexts with greater exposure to the natural environment
and stronger and more stable than in settings more buffered
by technologic infrastructure. Our results were mixed.
Compared to more industrialized settings, in our study
population sleep was 4.87% less efficient (78.39% vs
83.26%). We found no significant difference in sleep
duration. Rest-activity patterns were more uniform and less
variable than in industrial settings (interdaily stability =
0.58 vs 0.43; intradaily variability = 0.53 vs 0.60). Our
results suggest that industrialization does not inherently
reduce characteristics of sleep quality; instead, the safety
and comfort afforded by technological development may
improve sleep, and an intermediate degree of environmental
exposure and technological buffering may support circadian
rhythm strength and stability.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0277416},
Key = {fds367866}
}
@article{fds359266,
Author = {Herrera, JP and Moody, J and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Predictions of primate-parasite coextinction.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {376},
Number = {1837},
Pages = {20200355},
Year = {2021},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0355},
Abstract = {Future biodiversity loss threatens the integrity of complex
ecological associations, including among hosts and
parasites. Almost half of primate species are threatened
with extinction, and the loss of threatened hosts could
negatively impact parasite associations and ecosystem
functions. If endangered hosts are highly connected in
host-parasite networks, then future host extinctions will
also drive parasite extinctions, destabilizing ecological
networks. If threatened hosts are not highly connected,
however, then network structure should not be greatly
affected by the loss of threatened hosts. Networks with high
connectance, modularity, nestedness and robustness are more
resilient to perturbations such as the loss of interactions
than sparse, nonmodular and non-nested networks. We analysed
the interaction network involving 213 primates and 763
parasites and removed threatened primates (114 species) to
simulate the effects of extinction. Our analyses revealed
that connections to 23% of primate parasites (176 species)
may be lost if threatened primates go extinct. In addition,
measures of network structure were affected, but in varying
ways because threatened hosts have fewer parasite
interactions than non-threatened hosts. These results reveal
that host extinctions will perturb the host-parasite network
and potentially lead to secondary extinctions of parasites.
The ecological consequences of these extinctions remain
unclear. This article is part of the theme issue 'Infectious
disease macroecology: parasite diversity and dynamics across
the globe'.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2020.0355},
Key = {fds359266}
}
@article{fds357313,
Author = {Reyes, KR and Patel, UA and Nunn, CL and Samson, DR},
Title = {Gibbon sleep quantified: the influence of lunar phase and
meteorological variables on activity in Hylobates moloch and
Hylobates pileatus.},
Journal = {Primates; journal of primatology},
Volume = {62},
Number = {5},
Pages = {749-759},
Year = {2021},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10329-021-00920-y},
Abstract = {Sleep in the primate order remains understudied, with
quantitative estimates of sleep duration available for less
than 10% of primate species. Even fewer species have had
their sleep synchronously quantified with meteorological
data, which have been shown to influence sleep-wake
regulatory behaviors. We report the first sleep duration
estimates in two captive gibbon species, the Javan gibbon
(Hylobates moloch) and the pileated gibbon (Hylobates
pileatus) (N = 52 nights). We also investigated how wind
speed, humidity, temperature, lunar phase, and illumination
from moonlight influence sleep-wake regulation, including
sleep duration, sleep fragmentation, and sleep efficiency.
Gibbons exhibited strict diurnal behavior with little
nighttime activity and mean total average sleep duration of
11 h and 53 min for Hylobates moloch and 12 h and 29 min
for Hylobates pileatus. Gibbons had notably high sleep
efficiency (i.e., time score asleep divided by the time they
spent in their sleeping site, mean of 98.3%). We found
illumination from moonlight in relation to lunar phase and
amount of wind speed to be the strongest predictors of sleep
duration and high-quality sleep, with increased moonlight
and increased wind causing more fragmentation and less sleep
efficiency. We conclude that arousal threshold is sensitive
to nighttime illumination and wind speed. Sensitivity to
wind speed may reflect adaptations to counter the risk of
falling during arboreal sleep.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10329-021-00920-y},
Key = {fds357313}
}
@article{fds356403,
Author = {Gray, GC and Robie, ER and Studstill, CJ and Nunn,
CL},
Title = {Mitigating Future Respiratory Virus Pandemics: New Threats
and Approaches to Consider.},
Journal = {Viruses},
Volume = {13},
Number = {4},
Pages = {637},
Year = {2021},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13040637},
Abstract = {Despite many recent efforts to predict and control emerging
infectious disease threats to humans, we failed to
anticipate the zoonotic viruses which led to pandemics in
2009 and 2020. The morbidity, mortality, and economic costs
of these pandemics have been staggering. We desperately need
a more targeted, cost-efficient, and sustainable strategy to
detect and mitigate future zoonotic respiratory virus
threats. Evidence suggests that the transition from an
animal virus to a human pathogen is incremental and requires
a considerable number of spillover events and considerable
time before a pandemic variant emerges. This evolutionary
view argues for the refocusing of public health resources on
novel respiratory virus surveillance at human-animal
interfaces in geographical hotspots for emerging infectious
diseases. Where human-animal interface surveillance is not
possible, a secondary high-yield, cost-efficient strategy is
to conduct novel respiratory virus surveillance among
pneumonia patients in these same hotspots. When novel
pathogens are discovered, they must be quickly assessed for
their human risk and, if indicated, mitigation strategies
initiated. In this review, we discuss the most common
respiratory virus threats, current efforts at early emerging
pathogen detection, and propose and defend new molecular
pathogen discovery strategies with the goal of preempting
future pandemics.},
Doi = {10.3390/v13040637},
Key = {fds356403}
}
@article{fds359842,
Author = {Vining, AQ and Nunn, CL and Samson, DR},
Title = {Enriched sleep environments lengthen lemur sleep
duration.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {16},
Number = {11},
Pages = {e0253251},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253251},
Abstract = {Characteristics of the sleep-site are thought to influence
the quality and duration of primate sleep, yet only a
handful of studies have investigated these links
experimentally. Using actigraphy and infrared videography,
we quantified sleep in four lemur species (Eulemur
coronatus, Lemur catta, Propithecus coquereli, and Varecia
rubra) under two different experimental conditions at the
Duke Lemur Center (DLC) in Durham, NC, USA. Individuals from
each species underwent three weeks of simultaneous testing
to investigate the hypothesis that comfort level of the
sleep-site influences sleep. We obtained baseline data on
normal sleep, and then, in a pair-wise study design, we
compared the daily sleep times, inter-daily activity
stability, and intra-daily activity variability of
individuals in simultaneous experiments of sleep-site
enrichment and sleep-site impoverishment. Over 164 24-hour
periods from 8 individuals (2 of each species), we found
evidence that enriched sleep-sites increased daily sleep
times of lemurs, with an average increase of thirty-two
minutes. The effect of sleep-site impoverishment was small
and not statistically significant. Though our experimental
manipulations altered inter-daily stability and intra-daily
variability in activity patterns relative to baseline, the
changes did not differ significantly between enriched and
impoverished conditions. We conclude that properties of a
sleep-site enhancing softness or insulation, more than the
factors of surface area or stability, influence lemur sleep,
with implications regarding the importance of nest building
in primate evolution and the welfare and management of
captive lemurs.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0253251},
Key = {fds359842}
}
@article{fds358854,
Author = {Herrera, JP and Rabezara, JY and Ravelomanantsoa, NAF and Metz, M and France, C and Owens, A and Pender, M and Nunn, CL and Kramer,
RA},
Title = {Food insecurity related to agricultural practices and
household characteristics in rural communities of northeast
Madagascar.},
Journal = {Food security},
Volume = {13},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1393-1405},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-021-01179-3},
Abstract = {Ending hunger and alleviating poverty are key goals for a
sustainable future. Food security is a constant challenge
for agrarian communities in low-income countries, especially
in Madagascar. We investigated agricultural practices,
household characteristics, and food security in northeast
Madagascar. We tested whether agricultural practices,
demographics, and socioeconomics in rural populations were
related to food security. Over 70% of respondents reported
times during the last three years during which food for the
household was insufficient, and the most frequently reported
cause was small land size (57%). The probability of food
insecurity decreased with increasing vanilla yield, rice
yield, and land size. There was an interaction effect
between land size and household size; larger families with
smaller land holdings had higher food insecurity, while
larger families with larger land had lower food insecurity.
Other socioeconomic and agricultural variables were not
significantly related to food insecurity, including material
wealth, education, crop diversity, and livestock ownership.
Our results highlight the high levels of food insecurity in
these communities and point to interventions that would
alleviate food stress. In particular, because current crop
and livestock diversity were low, agricultural
diversification could improve outputs and mitigate food
insecurity. Development of sustainable agricultural
intensification, including improving rice and vanilla
cultivation to raise yields on small land areas, would
likely have positive impacts on food security and
alleviating poverty. Increasing market access and off-farm
income, as well as improving policies related to land tenure
could also play valuable roles in mitigating challenges in
food security.<h4>Supplementary information</h4>The online
version contains supplementary material available at
10.1007/s12571-021-01179-3.},
Doi = {10.1007/s12571-021-01179-3},
Key = {fds358854}
}
@article{fds358855,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Vining, AQ and Chakraborty, D and Reiskind, MH and Young,
HS},
Title = {Effects of host extinction and vector preferences on
vector-borne disease risk in phylogenetically structured
host-hector communities.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {16},
Number = {8},
Pages = {e0256456},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256456},
Abstract = {Anthropogenic disturbance impacts the phylogenetic
composition and diversity of ecological communities. While
changes in diversity are known to dramatically change
species interactions and alter disease dynamics, the effects
of phylogenetic changes in host and vector communities on
disease have been relatively poorly studied. Using a
theoretical model, we investigated how phylogeny and
extinction influence network structural characteristics
relevant to disease transmission in disturbed environments.
We modelled a multi-host, multi-vector community as a
bipartite ecological network, where nodes represent host and
vector species and edges represent connections among them
through vector feeding, and we simulated vector preferences
and threat status on host and parasite phylogenies. We then
simulated loss of hosts, including phylogenetically
clustered losses, to investigate how extinction influences
network structure. We compared effects of phylogeny and
extinction to those of host specificity, which we predicted
to strongly increase network modularity and reduce disease
prevalence. The simulations revealed that extinction often
increased modularity, with higher modularity as species loss
increased, although not as much as increasing host
specificity did. These results suggest that extinction
itself, all else being equal, may reduce disease prevalence
in disturbed communities. However, in real communities,
systematic patterns in species loss (e.g. favoring high
competence species) or changes in abundance may counteract
these effects. Unexpectedly, we found that effects of
phylogenetic signal in host and vector traits were
relatively weak, and only important when phylogenetic signal
of host and vector traits were similar, or when these traits
both varied.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0256456},
Key = {fds358855}
}
@article{fds355696,
Author = {Solis, A and Nunn, CL},
Title = {One health disparities and COVID-19.},
Journal = {Evolution, medicine, and public health},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {70-77},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoab003},
Abstract = {The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has
disproportionately affected some communities and populations
more than others. We propose that an interdisciplinary
framework of 'One Health Disparities' advances understanding
of the social and systemic issues that drive COVID-19 in
vulnerable populations. One Health Disparities integrates
the social environment with One Health perspectives on the
interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental
health. To apply this framework, we consider One Health
Disparities that emerge in three key components of disease
transmission: exposure, susceptibility, and disease
expression. Exposure disparities arise through variation in
contact with COVID-19's causative agent, SARS-CoV-2.
Disparities in susceptibility and disease expression also
exist; these are driven by biological and social factors,
such as diabetes and obesity, and through variation in
access to healthcare. We close by considering how One Health
Disparities informs understanding of spillback into new
animal reservoirs, and what this might mean for further
human health disparities.<h4>Lay summary</h4>One Health
focuses on interconnections between human, animal, and
environmental health. We propose that social environments
are also important to One Health and help illuminate
disparities in the coronavirus pandemic, including its
origins, transmission and susceptibility among humans, and
spillback to other species. We call this framework One
Health Disparities.},
Doi = {10.1093/emph/eoab003},
Key = {fds355696}
}
@article{fds357314,
Author = {Amoroso, CR and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Epidemiological transitions in human evolution and the
richness of viruses, helminths, and protozoa.},
Journal = {Evolution, medicine, and public health},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {139-148},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoab009},
Abstract = {<h4>Background and objectives</h4>In absolute terms, humans
are extremely highly parasitized compared to other primates.
This may reflect that humans are outliers in traits
correlated with parasite richness: population density,
geographic range area, and study effort. The high degree of
parasitism could also reflect amplified disease risk
associated with agriculture and urbanization. Alternatively,
controlling for other variables, cultural and psychological
adaptations could have reduced parasitism in humans over
evolutionary time.<h4>Methodology</h4>We predicted the
number of parasites that would infect a nonhuman primate
with human phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic
position, and then compared observed parasitism of humans in
eight geopolitical countries to the predicted distributions.
The analyses incorporated study effort, phylogeny, and
drivers of parasitism in 33 primate species.<h4>Results</h4>Analyses
of individual countries were not supportive of either
hypothesis. When analyzed collectively, however, human
populations showed consistently lower than expected richness
of protozoa and helminths, but higher richness of viruses.
Thus, human evolutionary innovations and new parasite
exposures may have impacted groups of parasites in different
ways, with support for both hypotheses in the overall
analysis.<h4>Conclusions and implications</h4>The high level
of parasitism observed in humans only applies to viruses,
and was not extreme in any of our tests of individual
countries. In contrast, we find consistent reductions in
protozoa and helminths across countries, suggesting reduced
parasitism by these groups during human evolution. We
propose that hygienic and technological advances might have
extinguished fecal-orally or indirectly transmitted
parasites like helminths, whereas higher human densities and
host-shifting potential of viruses have supported increased
virus richness.<h4>Lay summary</h4>Vastly more parasite
species infect humans than any other primate host.
Controlling for factors that influence parasite richness,
such as the intensity of study effort and body mass, we find
that humans may have more viruses, but fewer helminths and
protozoa, than expected based on evolutionary analyses of
parasitism in other primates.},
Doi = {10.1093/emph/eoab009},
Key = {fds357314}
}
@article{fds355695,
Author = {Mckinnon, L and Samson, DR and Nunn, CL and Rowlands, A and Salvante,
KG and Nepomnaschy, PA},
Title = {Is Sleep Disturbance in Menopause Explained by Evolutionary
Mismatch? Evidence from Three Cohorts of Guatemalan
Maya},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {174},
Pages = {69-69},
Year = {2021},
Key = {fds355695}
}
@article{fds354756,
Author = {Herrera, JP and Wickenkamp, NR and Turpin, M and Baudino, F and Tortosa,
P and Goodman, SM and Soarimalala, V and Ranaivoson, TN and Nunn,
CL},
Title = {Effects of land use, habitat characteristics, and small
mammal community composition on Leptospira prevalence in
northeast Madagascar.},
Journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases},
Volume = {14},
Number = {12},
Pages = {e0008946},
Year = {2020},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008946},
Abstract = {Human activities can increase or decrease risks of acquiring
a zoonotic disease, notably by affecting the composition and
abundance of hosts. This study investigated the links
between land use and infectious disease risk in northeast
Madagascar, where human subsistence activities and
population growth are encroaching on native habitats and the
associated biota. We collected new data on pathogenic
Leptospira, which are bacteria maintained in small mammal
reservoirs. Transmission can occur through close contact,
but most frequently through indirect contact with water
contaminated by the urine of infected hosts. The probability
of infection and prevalence was compared across a gradient
of natural moist evergreen forest, nearby forest fragments,
flooded rice and other types of agricultural fields, and in
homes in a rural village. Using these data, we tested
specific hypotheses for how land use alters ecological
communities and influences disease transmission. The
relative abundance and proportion of exotic species was
highest in the anthropogenic habitats, while the relative
abundance of native species was highest in the forested
habitats. Prevalence of Leptospira was significantly higher
in introduced compared to endemic species. Lastly, the
probability of infection with Leptospira was highest in
introduced small mammal species, and lower in forest
fragments compared to other habitat types. Our results
highlight how human land use affects the small mammal
community composition and in turn disease dynamics.
Introduced species likely transmit Leptospira to native
species where they co-occur, and may displace the Leptospira
species naturally occurring in Madagascar. The frequent
spatial overlap of people and introduced species likely also
has consequences for public health.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0008946},
Key = {fds354756}
}
@article{fds350127,
Author = {Teitelbaum, CS and Amoroso, CR and Huang, S and Davies, TJ and Rushmore,
J and Drake, JM and Stephens, PR and Byers, JE and Majewska, AA and Nunn,
CL},
Title = {A comparison of diversity estimators applied to a database
of host–parasite associations},
Journal = {Ecography},
Volume = {43},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1316-1328},
Year = {2020},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecog.05143},
Abstract = {Understanding the drivers of biodiversity is important for
forecasting changes in the distribution of life on earth.
However, most studies of biodiversity are limited by uneven
sampling effort, with some regions or taxa better sampled
than others. Numerous methods have been developed to account
for differences in sampling effort, but most methods were
developed for systematic surveys in which all study units
are sampled using the same design and assemblages are
sampled randomly. Databases compiled from multiple sources,
such as from the literature, often violate these assumptions
because they are composed of studies that vary widely in
their goals and methods. Here, we compared the performance
of several popular methods for estimating parasite diversity
based on a large and widely used parasite database, the
Global Mammal Parasite Database (GMPD). We created
artificial datasets of host–parasite interactions based on
the structure of the GMPD, then used these datasets to
evaluate which methods best control for differential
sampling effort. We evaluated the precision and bias of
seven methods, including species accumulation and
nonparametric diversity estimators, compared to analyzing
the raw data without controlling for sampling variation. We
find that nonparametric estimators, and particularly the
Chao2 and second-order jackknife estimators, perform better
than other methods. However, these estimators still perform
poorly relative to systematic sampling, and effect sizes
should be interpreted with caution because they tend to be
lower than actual effect sizes. Overall, these estimators
are more effective in comparative studies than for producing
true estimates of diversity. We make recommendations for
future sampling strategies and statistical methods that
would improve estimates of global parasite
diversity.},
Doi = {10.1111/ecog.05143},
Key = {fds350127}
}
@article{fds376546,
Author = {Werner, CS and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Effect of urban habitat use on parasitism in mammals: A
meta-analysis: Urban Habitat Use and Mammal
Parasitism},
Journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological
Sciences},
Volume = {287},
Number = {1927},
Year = {2020},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0397rspb20200397},
Abstract = {© 2020 The Authors. Rates of urbanization are increasing
globally, with consequences for the dynamics of parasites
and their wildlife hosts. A small subset of mammal species
have the dietary and behavioural flexibility to survive in
urban settings. The changes that characterize urban ecology
- including landscape transformation, modified diets and
shifts in community composition - can either increase or
decrease susceptibility and exposure to parasites. We used a
meta-analytic approach to systematically assess differences
in endoparasitism between mammals in urban and non-urban
habitats. Parasite prevalence estimates in matched urban and
non-urban mammal populations from 33 species were compiled
from 46 published studies, and an overall effect of urban
habitation on parasitism was derived after controlling for
study and parasite genus. Parasite life cycle type and host
order were investigated as moderators of the effect sizes.
We found that parasites with complex life cycles were less
prevalent in urban carnivore and primate populations than in
non-urban populations. However, we found no difference in
urban and non-urban prevalence for parasites in rodent and
marsupial hosts, or differences in prevalence for parasites
with simple life cycles in any host taxa. Our findings
therefore suggest the disruption of some parasite
transmission cycles in the urban ecological
community.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2020.0397rspb20200397},
Key = {fds376546}
}
@article{fds350296,
Author = {Amoroso, CR and Kappeler, PM and Fichtel, C and Nunn,
CL},
Title = {Temporal patterns of waterhole use as a predator avoidance
strategy},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalogy},
Volume = {101},
Number = {2},
Pages = {574-581},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2020},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa020},
Abstract = {Animals that depend on water sources in dry environments
must balance their water demands with predation risk. In
settings of water scarcity, predators may strategically
exploit prey's dependence on water; prey may adjust their
use of water sources either spatially or temporally to avoid
overlapping with predators. To examine the spatiotemporal
dynamics of predators and prey at water sources, we studied
the use of semipermanent waterholes in the dry season by
red-fronted lemurs (Eulemur rufifrons), a primate species
that exhibits flexible circadian activity patterns and
inhabits a dry deciduous forest in western Madagascar. We
hypothesized that lemurs avoid predators in their
spatiotemporal use of waterholes. We analyzed the patterns
of camera trap activations at waterholes by red-fronted
lemurs and their two main predators: fossa (Cryptoprocta
ferox) and Madagascar harrier hawks (Polyboroides radiatus).
We found that red-fronted lemurs were unlikely to use
waterholes at times of day when predators were commonly
present, and that the distributions of times of waterhole
use differed between red-fronted lemurs and each of their
predator species. Red-fronted lemurs frequently used
waterholes that were also used by predators within the same
week in part because the predators used a variable set of
water resources. In this system, predators did not appear to
exploit waterholes for the high density of red-fronted
lemurs attracted to them, but instead likely used waterholes
primarily to meet their own water demands. Our findings
suggest that when predators and prey share water sources,
prey may adjust their behavior to reduce their risk of
overlap with predators, including through avoidance of
indirect cues of predation, such as waterholes at particular
times of day.},
Doi = {10.1093/jmammal/gyaa020},
Key = {fds350296}
}
@article{fds349688,
Author = {Werner, CS and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Effect of urban habitat use on parasitism in mammals: a
meta-analysis.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {287},
Number = {1927},
Pages = {20200397},
Year = {2020},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0397},
Abstract = {Rates of urbanization are increasing globally, with
consequences for the dynamics of parasites and their
wildlife hosts. A small subset of mammal species have the
dietary and behavioural flexibility to survive in urban
settings. The changes that characterize urban
ecology-including landscape transformation, modified diets
and shifts in community composition-can either increase or
decrease susceptibility and exposure to parasites. We used a
meta-analytic approach to systematically assess differences
in endoparasitism between mammals in urban and non-urban
habitats. Parasite prevalence estimates in matched urban and
non-urban mammal populations from 33 species were compiled
from 46 published studies, and an overall effect of urban
habitation on parasitism was derived after controlling for
study and parasite genus. Parasite life cycle type and host
order were investigated as moderators of the effect sizes.
We found that parasites with complex life cycles were less
prevalent in urban carnivore and primate populations than in
non-urban populations. However, we found no difference in
urban and non-urban prevalence for parasites in rodent and
marsupial hosts, or differences in prevalence for parasites
with simple life cycles in any host taxa. Our findings
therefore suggest the disruption of some parasite
transmission cycles in the urban ecological
community.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2020.0397},
Key = {fds349688}
}
@article{fds348898,
Author = {Amoroso, CR and Kappeler, PM and Fichtel, C and Nunn,
CL},
Title = {Water Availability Impacts Habitat Use by Red-Fronted Lemurs
(Eulemur rufifrons): An Experimental and Observational
Study},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {41},
Number = {1},
Pages = {61-80},
Year = {2020},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-020-00136-9},
Abstract = {With the predicted increase in extreme weather events as a
result of global climate change, animals living in dry or
seasonally dry habitats are likely to experience dramatic
fluctuations in water availability from season to season and
year to year. Understanding how animals respond to
short-term changes in water availability is paramount for
future conservation and management of water-dependent wild
populations. We investigated how short-term changes to the
availability of water influenced habitat use of four groups
of red-fronted lemurs (Eulemur rufifrons) in a dry deciduous
forest in western Madagascar using detailed spatial data
collected from GPS collars over 15 weeks. We experimentally
manipulated water availability in the habitat and compared
ranging patterns of the lemurs during the experiments to
those before and after the experiments. Lemur groups shifted
the intensity of their habitat use relative to changes in
natural and experimental water availability. Specifically,
lemurs were more likely to spend time in areas near
experimental water sources during the experiment than in the
same areas without water. Lemurs were less likely to spend
time near previous habitual water sources when experimental
water sources were available. We observed shifts in ranging
intensity in response to natural changes to water
availability when waterholes disappeared across the dry
season. Our findings support the importance of water for
shaping wild animal ranging patterns. We propose that water
should be a primary consideration in future studies of
habitat use, especially given the potential for climate
change and human land use to further alter water
availability for wild animals.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-020-00136-9},
Key = {fds348898}
}
@article{fds347024,
Author = {Gogarten, JF and Calvignac-Spencer, S and Nunn, CL and Ulrich, M and Saiepour, N and Nielsen, HV and Deschner, T and Fichtel, C and Kappeler,
PM and Knauf, S and Müller-Klein, N and Ostner, J and Robbins, MM and Sangmaneedet, S and Schülke, O and Surbeck, M and Wittig, RM and Sliwa,
A and Strube, C and Leendertz, FH and Roos, C and Noll,
A},
Title = {Metabarcoding of eukaryotic parasite communities describes
diverse parasite assemblages spanning the primate
phylogeny.},
Journal = {Molecular ecology resources},
Volume = {20},
Number = {1},
Pages = {204-215},
Year = {2020},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.13101},
Abstract = {Despite their ubiquity, in most cases little is known about
the impact of eukaryotic parasites on their mammalian hosts.
Comparative approaches provide a powerful method to
investigate the impact of parasites on host ecology and
evolution, though two issues are critical for such efforts:
controlling for variation in methods of identifying
parasites and incorporating heterogeneity in sampling effort
across host species. To address these issues, there is a
need for standardized methods to catalogue eukaryotic
parasite diversity across broad phylogenetic host ranges. We
demonstrate the feasibility of a metabarcoding approach for
describing parasite communities by analysing faecal samples
from 11 nonhuman primate species representing divergent
lineages of the primate phylogeny and the full range of
sampling effort (i.e. from no parasites reported in the
literature to the best-studied primates). We detected a
number of parasite families and regardless of prior sampling
effort, metabarcoding of only ten faecal samples identified
parasite families previously undescribed in each host
(x̅ = 8.5 new families per species). We found more
overlap between parasite families detected with
metabarcoding and published literature when more research
effort-measured as the number of publications-had been
conducted on the host species' parasites. More closely
related primates and those from the same continent had more
similar parasite communities, highlighting the biological
relevance of sampling even a small number of hosts.
Collectively, results demonstrate that metabarcoding methods
are sensitive and powerful enough to standardize studies of
eukaryotic parasite communities across host species,
providing essential new tools for macroecological studies of
parasitism.},
Doi = {10.1111/1755-0998.13101},
Key = {fds347024}
}
@article{fds348053,
Author = {Samson, DR and Louden, LA and Gerstner, K and Wylie, S and Lake, B and White, BJ and Nunn, CL and Hunt, KD},
Title = {Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) Group Sleep and
Pathogen-Vector Avoidance: Experimental Support for the
Encounter-Dilution Effect},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {40},
Number = {6},
Pages = {647-659},
Year = {2019},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-019-00111-z},
Abstract = {Sleep is essential for survival, yet it represents a time of
extreme vulnerability, including through exposure to
parasites and pathogens transmitted by biting insects. To
reduce the risks of exposure to vector-borne disease, the
encounter-dilution hypothesis proposes that the formation of
groups at sleep sites is influenced by a “selfish herd”
behavior, where individuals dilute risk by sleeping with
other group members. To investigate this hypothesis in the
context of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) sleep
site selection, we employed four light traps that we also
baited with nontoxic chemical attractants to capture insects
throughout the night. Across 74 nights with 294 traps set,
we collected 66,545 individual insects. Consistent with the
encounter-dilution hypothesis, we found that insect
exposure, inferred by absolute numbers of insects caught in
nighttime traps, was strongly influenced by the grouping of
traps. Specifically, single traps caught more
insects—including vector transmitting female
mosquitoes—than grouped traps, and the number of insects
caught increased with increasing distance between grouped
traps. Moreover, ground sleep sites caught fewer insects
than arboreal sleep sites. In addition, traps associated
with Cynometra alexandri trees resulted in significantly
lower catch rates than Pseudospondias microcarpa–associated
traps. Our results suggest wild chimpanzees use group sleep
as a strategy to avoid biting insects that serve as hosts
for vector-borne diseases.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-019-00111-z},
Key = {fds348053}
}
@article{fds348377,
Author = {Samson, DR and Louden, LA and Gerstner, K and Wylie, S and Lake, B and White, BJ and Nunn, CL and Hunt, KD},
Title = {Correction to: Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)
Group Sleep and Pathogen-Vector Avoidance: Experimental
Support for the Encounter-Dilution Effect (International
Journal of Primatology, (2019), 40, 6, (647-659),
10.1007/s10764-019-00111-z)},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {40},
Number = {6},
Pages = {660},
Year = {2019},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-020-00129-8},
Abstract = {The original version of this article unfortunately contained
a mistake in the authorgroup section. Author Samantha
Wylie’s family name was incorrectly presented as
“Wiley”. The original article has been
corrected.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-020-00129-8},
Key = {fds348377}
}
@article{fds347162,
Author = {Amoroso, CR and Kappeler, PM and Fichtel, C and Nunn,
CL},
Title = {Fecal contamination, parasite risk, and waterhole use by
wild animals in a dry deciduous forest},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Volume = {73},
Number = {11},
Year = {2019},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-019-2769-6},
Abstract = {Abstract: Waterholes are critically important to animal
survival in dry habitats but are also a potential source of
parasite exposure. Avoiding feces may effectively reduce
parasite transmission risk, but may also impose costs,
including greater travel distances to locate less
contaminated resources. We studied factors influencing wild,
water-dependent red-fronted lemurs’ (Eulemur rufifrons)
selection of waterholes, including factors related to
trade-offs between energy expenditure and parasite
avoidance. Research took place in a dry deciduous forest in
western Madagascar characterized by water scarcity during a
pronounced local dry season. We tested whether fecal
contamination influenced lemurs’ water selection with an
experiment that gave lemurs a choice between clean and
fecally contaminated water disinfected by boiling. We also
monitored lemurs’ use of natural waterholes to determine
how conspecific fecal contamination and travel distance
influenced lemurs’ use of waterholes. Red-fronted lemurs
displayed a strong preference for clean water in the
experiment. At natural waterholes, we found a significant
negative interaction between frequency of previous lemur
visits and fecal contamination, and a longer return time to
waterholes with increasing fecal contamination, revealing
that lemurs returned to less contaminated waterholes more
frequently and sooner. We also found that lemurs prioritized
shorter travel distances over feces avoidance. Together,
these results suggest that red-fronted lemurs exercised
their preferences for avoiding parasite risk in their
natural waterhole choices by avoiding highly contaminated
waterholes, especially when waterholes were equidistant.
Thus, fecal contamination and travel distance influence
water selection in water-scarce habitats, with potential
impacts on habitat use and ecological interactions.
Significance statement: Animals can take many measures to
avoid becoming infected with parasites. One strategy
involves avoiding reliable indicators of parasite presence,
such as feces. Although avoiding feces may have many
benefits, it may also have costs, such as when essential
resources, like waterholes in a dry forest, inevitably
become contaminated by the animals that use them. Using a
choice experiment, we demonstrated that wild red-fronted
lemurs preferred to avoid fecal contamination of water
sources. From observations of lemurs’ waterhole choices,
we determined that lemurs exercised this preference most
when choosing among nearby waterholes, thus prioritizing
energy conservation, and secondarily reducing the costs of
parasite exposure risk. Avoidance of feces may thus have
effects on lemurs’ patterns of habitat use and ecological
interactions.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00265-019-2769-6},
Key = {fds347162}
}
@article{fds343337,
Author = {Samson, DR and Vining, A and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Sleep influences cognitive performance in
lemurs.},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {22},
Number = {5},
Pages = {697-706},
Year = {2019},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-019-01266-1},
Abstract = {Primates spend almost half their lives asleep, yet little is
known about how sleep influences their waking cognition. We
hypothesized that diurnal and cathemeral lemurs differ in
their need for consistent, non-segmented sleep for next-day
cognitive function-including long-term memory consolidation,
self-control, foraging efficiency, and sociality.
Specifically, we expected that strictly diurnal Propithecus
is more reliant on uninterrupted sleep for cognitive
performance, as compared to four other lemur species that
are more flexibly active (i.e., cathemeral). We
experimentally inhibited sleep and tested next-day
performance in 30 individuals of 5 lemur species over 960
total nights at the Duke Lemur Center in Durham, North
Carolina. Each set of pair-housed lemurs experienced a sleep
restriction and/or deprivation protocol and was subsequently
tested in a variety of fitness-relevant cognitive tasks.
Within-subject comparisons of performance on these tasks
were made by switching the pair from the experimental sleep
inhibited condition to a normal sleep environment, thus
ensuring cognitive equivalency among individuals. We
validated effectiveness of the protocol via actigraphy and
infrared videography. Our results suggest that 'normal'
non-disrupted sleep improved memory consolidation for all
lemurs. Additionally, on nights of normal sleep, diurnal
lemurs performed better in foraging efficiency tasks than
cathemeral lemurs. Social behaviors changed in
species-specific ways after exposure to experimental
conditions, and self-control was not significantly linked
with sleep condition. Based on these findings, the links
between sleep, learning, and memory consolidation appear to
be evolutionarily conserved in primates.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-019-01266-1},
Key = {fds343337}
}
@article{fds345810,
Author = {Herrera, J and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Behavioural ecology and infectious disease: implications for
conservation of biodiversity.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {374},
Number = {1781},
Pages = {20180054},
Year = {2019},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0054},
Abstract = {Behaviour underpins interactions among conspecifics and
between species, with consequences for the transmission of
disease-causing parasites. Because many parasites lead to
declines in population size and increased risk of extinction
for threatened species, understanding the link between host
behaviour and disease transmission is particularly important
for conservation management. Here, we consider the
intersection of behaviour, ecology and parasite
transmission, broadly encompassing micro- and
macroparasites. We focus on behaviours that have direct
impacts on transmission, as well as the behaviours that
result from infection. Given the important role of parasites
in host survival and reproduction, the effects of behaviour
on parasitism can scale up to population-level processes,
thus affecting species conservation. Understanding how
conservation and infectious disease control strategies
actually affect transmission potential can therefore often
only be understood through a behavioural lens. We highlight
how behavioural perspectives of disease ecology apply to
conservation by reviewing the different ways that
behavioural ecology influences parasite transmission and
conservation goals. This article is part of the theme issue
'Linking behaviour to dynamics of populations and
communities: application of novel approaches in behavioural
ecology to conservation'.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2018.0054},
Key = {fds345810}
}
@article{fds346282,
Author = {Melvin, E and Samson, D and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Eulerian videography technology improves classification of
sleep architecture in primates.},
Journal = {Primates; journal of primatology},
Volume = {60},
Number = {5},
Pages = {467-475},
Year = {2019},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10329-019-00744-x},
Abstract = {Sleep is a critically important dimension of primate
behavior, ecology, and evolution, yet primate sleep is
under-studied because current methods of analyzing sleep are
expensive, invasive, and time-consuming. In contrast to
electroencephalography (EEG) and actigraphy, videography is
a cost-effective and non-invasive method to study sleep
architecture in animals. With video data, however, it is
challenging to score subtle changes that occur in different
sleep states, and technology has lagged behind innovations
in EEG and actigraphy. Here, we applied Eulerian videography
to magnify pixels relevant to scoring sleep from video, and
then compared these results to analyses based on actigraphy
and standard infrared videography. We studied four species
of lemurs (Eulemur coronatus, Lemur catta, Propithecus
coquereli, Varecia rubra) for 12-h periods per night,
resulting in 6480 1-min epochs for analysis. Cramer's V
correlation between actigraphy-classified sleep and infrared
videography-classified sleep revealed consistent results in
eight of the nine 12-h videos scored. A sample of the
infrared videography was then processed by Eulerian
videography for movement magnification and re-coded. A
second Cramer's V correlation analysis, between two
independent scorers coding the same Eulerian-processed
video, found that interobserver agreement among Eulerian
videography increased sleep vs. awake, NREM, and REM
classifications by 7.1%, 46.7%, and 34.3%, respectively.
Furthermore, Eulerian videography was more strongly
correlated with actigraphy data when compared to results
from standard infrared videography. The increase in
agreement between the two scorers indicates that Eulerian
videography has the potential to improve the identification
of sleep states in lemurs and other primates, and thus to
expand our understanding of sleep architecture without the
need for EEG.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10329-019-00744-x},
Key = {fds346282}
}
@article{fds345719,
Author = {Herrera, JP and Chakraborty, D and Rushmore, J and Altizer, S and Nunn,
C},
Title = {The changing ecology of primate parasites: Insights from
wild-captive comparisons.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {81},
Number = {7},
Pages = {e22991},
Year = {2019},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22991},
Abstract = {Host movements, including migrations or range expansions,
are known to influence parasite communities. Transitions to
captivity-a rarely studied yet widespread human-driven host
movement-can also change parasite communities, in some cases
leading to pathogen spillover among wildlife species, or
between wildlife and human hosts. We compared parasite
species richness between wild and captive populations of 22
primate species, including macro- (helminths and arthropods)
and micro-parasites (viruses, protozoa, bacteria, and
fungi). We predicted that captive primates would have only a
subset of their native parasite community, and would possess
fewer parasites with complex life cycles requiring
intermediate hosts or vectors. We further predicted that
captive primates would have parasites transmitted by close
contact and environmentally-including those shared with
humans and other animals, such as commensals and pests. We
found that the composition of primate parasite communities
shifted in captive populations, especially because of
turnover (parasites detected in captivity but not reported
in the wild), but with some evidence of nestedness
(holdovers from the wild). Because of the high degree of
turnover, we found no significant difference in overall
parasite richness between captive and wild primates.
Vector-borne parasites were less likely to be found in
captivity, whereas parasites transmitted through either
close or non-close contact, including through fecal-oral
transmission, were more likely to be newly detected in
captivity. These findings identify parasites that require
monitoring in captivity and raise concerns about the
introduction of novel parasites to potentially susceptible
wildlife populations during reintroduction
programs.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.22991},
Key = {fds345719}
}
@article{fds341951,
Author = {Miller, IF and Churchill, SE and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Speeding in the slow lane: Phylogenetic comparative analyses
reveal that not all human life history traits are
exceptional.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {130},
Pages = {36-44},
Year = {2019},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.12.007},
Abstract = {Humans are thought to exhibit an unusual suite of life
history traits relative to other primates, with a longer
lifespan, later age at first reproduction, and shorter
interbirth interval. These assumptions are key components of
popular hypotheses about human life history evolution, but
they have yet to be investigated phylogenetically. We
applied two phylogenetic comparative methods to investigate
whether these human life history traits differ from
expectations based on other primates: one fits and selects
between Brownian and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck models of trait
evolution; the other tests for phylogenetic outliers by
predicting phenotypic characteristics based on trait
covariation and phylogeny for a species of interest. We
found that humans have exceptionally short interbirth
intervals, long lifespans, and high birth masses. We failed
to find evidence that humans have a delayed age at first
reproduction relative to body mass or other covariates.
Overall, our results support several previous assertions
about the uniqueness of human life history characteristics
and the importance of cooperative breeding and socioecology
in human life history evolution. However, we suggest that
several hypotheses about human life history need to be
revised in light of our finding that humans do not have a
delayed age at first reproduction.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.12.007},
Key = {fds341951}
}
@article{fds342244,
Author = {Herrera, JP and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Coevolution and coextinction of primates and their
parasites},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {168},
Pages = {102-102},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds342244}
}
@article{fds342245,
Author = {Amoroso, CR and Kappeler, PM and Fichtel, C and Nunn,
CL},
Title = {Water availability, primate ranging behavior, and
implications for parasite transmission: an experimental and
observational study of wild red-fronted lemurs (Eulemur
rufifrons) in a dry deciduous forest},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {168},
Pages = {6-6},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds342245}
}
@article{fds341491,
Author = {Kappeler, PM and Nunn, CL and Vining, AQ and Goodman,
SM},
Title = {Evolutionary dynamics of sexual size dimorphism in
non-volant mammals following their independent colonization
of Madagascar.},
Journal = {Scientific reports},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1454},
Year = {2019},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36246-x},
Abstract = {As predicted by sexual selection theory, males are larger
than females in most polygynous mammals, but recent studies
found that ecology and life history traits also affect
sexual size dimorphism (SSD) through evolutionary changes in
either male size, female size, or both. The primates of
Madagascar (Lemuriformes) represent the largest group of
mammals without male-biased SSD. The eco-evo-devo hypothesis
posited that adaptations to unusual climatic
unpredictability on Madagascar have ultimately reduced SSD
in lemurs after dispersing to Madagascar, but data have not
been available for comparative tests of the corresponding
predictions that SSD is also absent in other terrestrial
Malagasy mammals and that patterns of SSD changed following
the colonization of Madagascar. We used phylogenetic methods
and new body mass data to test these predictions among the
four endemic radiations of Malagasy primates, carnivorans,
tenrecs, and rodents. In support of our prediction, we found
that male-biased SSD is generally absent among all Malagasy
mammals. Phylogenetic comparative analyses further indicated
that after their independent colonization of Madagascar, SSD
decreased in primates and tenrecs, but not in the other
lineages or when analyzed across all species. We discuss
several mechanisms that may have generated these patterns
and conclude that neither the eco-evo-devo hypothesis,
founder effects, the island rule nor sexual selection theory
alone can provide a compelling explanation for the observed
patterns of SSD in Malagasy mammals.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-018-36246-x},
Key = {fds341491}
}
@article{fds338038,
Author = {Dallas, TA and Han, BA and Nunn, CL and Park, AW and Stephens, PR and Drake, JM},
Title = {Host traits associated with species roles in parasite
sharing networks},
Journal = {Oikos},
Volume = {128},
Number = {1},
Pages = {23-32},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/oik.05602},
Abstract = {The community of host species that a parasite infects is
often explained by functional traits and phylogeny,
predicting that closely related hosts or those with
particular traits share more parasites with other hosts.
Previous research has examined parasite community similarity
by regressing pairwise parasite community dissimilarity
between two host species against host phylogenetic distance.
However, pairwise approaches cannot target specific host
species responsible for disproportionate levels of parasite
sharing. To better identify why some host species contribute
differentially to parasite diversity patterns, we represent
parasite sharing using ecological networks consisting of
host species connected by instances of shared parasitism.
These networks can help identify host species and traits
associated with high levels of parasite sharing that may
subsequently identify important hosts for parasite
maintenance and transmission within communities. We used
global-scale parasite sharing networks of ungulates,
carnivores, and primates to determine if host importance –
encapsulated by the network measures degree, closeness,
betweenness, and eigenvector centrality – was predictable
based on host traits. Our findings suggest that host
centrality in parasite sharing networks is a function of
host population density and range size, with range size
reflecting both species geographic range and the home range
of those species. In the full network, host taxonomic family
became an important predictor of centrality, suggesting a
role for evolutionary relationships between host and
parasite species. More broadly, these findings show that
trait data predict key properties of ecological networks,
thus highlighting a role for species traits in understanding
network assembly, stability, and structure.},
Doi = {10.1111/oik.05602},
Key = {fds338038}
}
@article{fds341492,
Author = {Miller, IF and Barton, RA and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Quantitative uniqueness of human brain evolution revealed
through phylogenetic comparative analysis.},
Journal = {eLife},
Volume = {8},
Pages = {e41250},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.41250},
Abstract = {While the human brain is clearly large relative to body
size, less is known about the timing of brain and brain
component expansion within primates and the relative
magnitude of volumetric increases. Using Bayesian
phylogenetic comparative methods and data for both extant
and fossil species, we identified that a distinct shift in
brain-body scaling occurred as hominins diverged from other
primates, and again as humans and Neanderthals diverged from
other hominins. Within hominins, we detected a pattern of
directional and accelerating evolution towards larger
brains, consistent with a positive feedback process in the
evolution of the human brain. Contrary to widespread
assumptions, we found that the human neocortex is not
exceptionally large relative to other brain structures.
Instead, our analyses revealed a single increase in relative
neocortex volume at the origin of haplorrhines, and an
increase in relative cerebellar volume in
apes.},
Doi = {10.7554/elife.41250},
Key = {fds341492}
}
@article{fds338474,
Author = {Samson, DR and Crittenden, AN and Mabulla, IA and Mabulla, AZP and Nunn,
CL},
Title = {Does the moon influence sleep in small-scale
societies?},
Journal = {Sleep health},
Volume = {4},
Number = {6},
Pages = {509-514},
Year = {2018},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2018.08.004},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>The lunar cycle is expected to influence
sleep-wake patterns in human populations that have greater
exposure to the environment, as might be found in forager
populations that experience few environmental buffers. We
investigated this "moonlight" hypothesis in two African
populations: one composed of hunter-gatherers (with minimal
environmental buffering) and the other rural
agriculturalists (with low-to-moderate environmental
buffering).<h4>Setting</h4>Research was conducted on Hadza
hunter-gatherers from the Sengele community near Lake Eyasi
in northern Tanzania and in Mandena, Madagascar, in a rural
community of approximately 4000 farmers.<h4>Participants</h4>Thirty-one
adult Hadza and 21 Malagasy adults were recruited.<h4>Measurements</h4>We
used the CamNtech Motionwatch 8 actigraph and generated data
on an epoch-by-epoch, 1-minute basis.<h4>Results</h4>In
general support of the moonlight hypothesis, we uncovered an
association between sleep-wake patterns and lunar cycle
(ie., moonlight) for Hadza hunter-gatherers. However, the
direction of the effect was opposite to what we predicted:
as the potential for exposure to moonlight increased,
activity generally shifted to a pattern of less nighttime
activity and greater daytime activity. No significant
effects were found in the Malagasy agriculturalists.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The
proposal that human behaviors are linked with moon phase is
a popular belief that persists despite the absence of
consistent evidence. We provide the first direct evidence
that lunar cycle is linked to sleep-wake pattern in a
hunter-gatherer society, suggesting that moonlight does not
inhibit sleep-wake patterns in the ways that electric
lighting does.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.sleh.2018.08.004},
Key = {fds338474}
}
@article{fds339237,
Author = {Kelly, CD and Stoehr, AM and Nunn, C and Smyth, KN and Prokop,
ZM},
Title = {Sexual dimorphism in immunity across animals: a
meta-analysis.},
Journal = {Ecology letters},
Volume = {21},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1885-1894},
Year = {2018},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.13164},
Abstract = {In animals, sex differences in immunity are proposed to
shape variation in infection prevalence and intensity among
individuals in a population, with females typically expected
to exhibit superior immunity due to life-history trade-offs.
We performed a systematic meta-analysis to investigate the
magnitude and direction of sex differences in immunity and
to identify factors that shape sex-biased immunocompetence.
In addition to considering taxonomic and methodological
effects as moderators, we assessed age-related effects,
which are predicted to occur if sex differences in immunity
are due to sex-specific resource allocation trade-offs with
reproduction. In a meta-analysis of 584 effects from 124
studies, we found that females exhibit a significantly
stronger immune response than do males, but the effect size
is relatively small, and became non-significant after
controlling for phylogeny. Female-biased immunity was more
pronounced in adult than immature animals. More recently
published studies did not report significantly smaller
effect sizes. Among taxonomic and methodological subsets of
the data, some of the largest effect sizes were in insects,
further supporting previous suggestions that testosterone is
not the only potential driver of sex differences in
immunity. Our findings challenge the notion of pervasive
biases towards female-biased immunity and the role of
testosterone in driving these differences.},
Doi = {10.1111/ele.13164},
Key = {fds339237}
}
@article{fds335485,
Author = {Samson, DR and Bray, J and Nunn, CL},
Title = {The cost of deep sleep: Environmental influences on sleep
regulation are greater for diurnal lemurs.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {166},
Number = {3},
Pages = {578-589},
Year = {2018},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23455},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Primates spend almost half their lives
asleep, yet we know little about how evolution has shaped
variation in the duration or intensity of sleep (i.e., sleep
regulation) across primate species. Our objective was to
test hypotheses related to how sleeping site security
influences sleep intensity in different lemur
species.<h4>Methods</h4>We used actigraphy and infrared
videography to generate sleep measures in 100 individuals
(males = 51, females = 49) of seven lemur species
(genera: Eulemur, Lemur, Propithecus, and Varecia) at the
Duke Lemur Center in Durham, NC. We also generated
experimental data using sleep deprivation for 16
individuals. This experiment used a pair-wise design for two
sets of paired lemurs from each genus, where the
experimental pair experienced a sleep deprivation protocol
while the control experienced normal sleeping conditions. We
calculated a sleep depth composite metric from weighted z
scores of three sleep intensity variables.<h4>Results</h4>We
found that, relative to cathemeral lemurs, diurnal
Propithecus was characterized by the deepest sleep and
exhibited the most disruptions to normal sleep-wake
regulation when sleep deprived. In contrast, Eulemur mongoz
was characterized by significantly lighter sleep than
Propithecus, and E. mongoz showed the fewest disruptions to
normal sleep-wake regulation when sleep deprived. Security
of the sleeping site led to greater sleep depth, with access
to outdoor housing linked to lighter sleep in all lemurs
that were studied.<h4>Conclusions</h4>We propose that
sleeping site security was an essential component of sleep
regulation throughout primate evolution. This work suggests
that sleeping site security may have been an important
factor associated with the evolution of sleep in early and
later hominins.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23455},
Key = {fds335485}
}
@article{fds335486,
Author = {Miller, IF and Schneider-Crease, I and Nunn, CL and Muehlenbein,
MP},
Title = {Estimating infection prevalence: Best practices and their
theoretical underpinnings.},
Journal = {Ecology and evolution},
Volume = {8},
Number = {13},
Pages = {6738-6747},
Year = {2018},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4179},
Abstract = {Accurately estimating infection prevalence is fundamental to
the study of population health, disease dynamics, and
infection risk factors. Prevalence is estimated as the
proportion of infected individuals ("individual-based
estimation"), but is also estimated as the proportion of
samples in which evidence of infection is detected
("anonymous estimation"). The latter method is often used
when researchers lack information on individual host
identity, which can occur during noninvasive sampling of
wild populations or when the individual that produced a
fecal sample is unknown. The goal of this study was to
investigate biases in individual-based versus anonymous
prevalence estimation theoretically and to test whether
mathematically derived predictions are evident in a
comparative dataset of gastrointestinal helminth infections
in nonhuman primates. Using a mathematical model, we predict
that anonymous estimates of prevalence will be lower than
individual-based estimates when (a) samples from infected
individuals do not always contain evidence of infection
and/or (b) when false negatives occur. The mathematical
model further predicts that no difference in bias should
exist between anonymous estimation and individual-based
estimation when one sample is collected from each
individual. Using data on helminth parasites of primates, we
find that anonymous estimates of prevalence are
significantly and substantially (12.17%) lower than
individual-based estimates of prevalence. We also observed
that individual-based estimates of prevalence from studies
employing single sampling are on average 6.4% higher than
anonymous estimates, suggesting a bias toward sampling
infected individuals. We recommend that researchers use
individual-based study designs with repeated sampling of
individuals to obtain the most accurate estimate of
infection prevalence. Moreover, to ensure accurate
interpretation of their results and to allow for prevalence
estimates to be compared among studies, it is essential that
authors explicitly describe their sampling designs and
prevalence calculations in publications.},
Doi = {10.1002/ece3.4179},
Key = {fds335486}
}
@article{fds332813,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Samson, DR},
Title = {Sleep in a comparative context: Investigating how human
sleep differs from sleep in other primates.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {166},
Number = {3},
Pages = {601-612},
Year = {2018},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23427},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Primates vary in their sleep durations
and, remarkably, humans sleep the least per 24-hr period of
the 30 primates that have been studied. Using phylogenetic
methods that quantitatively situate human phenotypes within
a broader primate comparative context, we investigated the
evolution of human sleep architecture, focusing on: total
sleep duration, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep duration,
non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep duration, and proportion
of sleep in REM.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>We used two
different Bayesian methods: phylogenetic prediction based on
phylogenetic generalized least squares and a multistate
Onrstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) evolutionary model of random drift
and stabilizing selection.<h4>Results</h4>Phylogenetic
prediction confirmed that humans sleep less than predicted
for a primate of our body mass, predation risk, brain size,
foraging needs, sexual selection, and diet. These analyses
further revealed that humans pack an unexpectedly higher
proportion of REM sleep within a shorter overall sleep
duration, and do so by reducing NREM sleep (rather than
increasing REM). The OU model generally confirmed these
findings, with shifts along the human lineage inferred for
TST, NREM, and proportion of REM, but not for
REM.<h4>Discussion</h4>We propose that the risks and
opportunity costs of sleep are responsible for shorter sleep
durations in humans, with risks arising from terrestrial
sleep involving threats from predators and conspecifics, and
opportunity costs because time spent sleeping could be used
for learning, creating material objects, and
socializing.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23427},
Key = {fds332813}
}
@article{fds335487,
Author = {Park, AW and Farrell, MJ and Schmidt, JP and Huang, S and Dallas, TA and Pappalardo, P and Drake, JM and Stephens, PR and Poulin, R and Nunn, CL and Davies, TJ},
Title = {Characterizing the phylogenetic specialism-generalism
spectrum of mammal parasites.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {285},
Number = {1874},
Pages = {20172613},
Year = {2018},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2613},
Abstract = {The distribution of parasites across mammalian hosts is
complex and represents a differential ability or opportunity
to infect different host species. Here, we take a
macroecological approach to investigate factors influencing
why some parasites show a tendency to infect species widely
distributed in the host phylogeny (phylogenetic generalism)
while others infect only closely related hosts. Using a
database on over 1400 parasite species that have been
documented to infect up to 69 terrestrial mammal host
species, we characterize the phylogenetic generalism of
parasites using standard effect sizes for three metrics:
mean pairwise phylogenetic distance (PD), maximum PD and
phylogenetic aggregation. We identify a trend towards
phylogenetic specialism, though statistically host
relatedness is most often equivalent to that expected from a
random sample of host species. Bacteria and arthropod
parasites are typically the most generalist, viruses and
helminths exhibit intermediate generalism, and protozoa are
on average the most specialist. While viruses and helminths
have similar mean pairwise PD on average, the viruses
exhibit higher variation as a group. Close-contact
transmission is the transmission mode most associated with
specialism. Most parasites exhibiting phylogenetic
aggregation (associating with discrete groups of species
dispersed across the host phylogeny) are helminths and
viruses.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2017.2613},
Key = {fds335487}
}
@article{fds339401,
Author = {Miller, IF and Barton, RA and Churchill, S and Nunn,
CL},
Title = {Quantifying human uniqueness through phylogenetic
comparative methods},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY},
Volume = {30},
Number = {2},
Pages = {1 pages},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds339401}
}
@article{fds339402,
Author = {Nunn, CL},
Title = {A roadmap for 'core concepts' in evolutionary
medicine.},
Journal = {Evolution, medicine, and public health},
Volume = {2018},
Number = {1},
Pages = {24-25},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eox026},
Doi = {10.1093/emph/eox026},
Key = {fds339402}
}
@article{fds339403,
Author = {Nunn, CL},
Title = {The 1918 influenza pandemic: Ecological, historical, and
evolutionary perspectives.},
Journal = {Evolution, medicine, and public health},
Volume = {2018},
Number = {1},
Pages = {199-200},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoy021},
Doi = {10.1093/emph/eoy021},
Key = {fds339403}
}
@article{fds339358,
Author = {Sumner, KM and McCabe, CM and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Network size, structure, and pathogen transmission: A
simulation study comparing different community detection
algorithms},
Journal = {Behaviour},
Volume = {155},
Number = {7-9},
Pages = {639-670},
Publisher = {BRILL},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539X-00003508},
Abstract = {Social substructure can influence pathogen transmission.
Modularity measures the degree of social contact within
versus between "communities" in a network, with increasing
modularity expected to reduce transmission opportunities. We
investigated how social substructure scales with network
size and disease transmission. Using small-scale primate
social networks, we applied seven community detection
algorithms to calculate modularity and subgroup cohesion,
defined as individuals' interactions within subgroups
proportional to the network. We found larger networks were
more modular with higher subgroup cohesion, but the
association's strength varied by community detection
algorithm and substructure measure. These findings highlight
the importance of choosing an appropriate community
detection algorithm for the question of interest, and if not
possible, using multiple algorithms. Disease transmission
simulations revealed higher modularity and subgroup cohesion
resulted in fewer infections, confirming that social
substructure has epidemiological consequences. Increased
subdivision in larger networks could reflect constrained
time budgets or evolved defences against disease
risk.},
Doi = {10.1163/1568539X-00003508},
Key = {fds339358}
}
@article{fds335488,
Author = {McCabe, CM and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Effective Network Size Predicted From Simulations of
Pathogen Outbreaks Through Social Networks Provides a Novel
Measure of Structure-Standardized Group Size.},
Journal = {Frontiers in veterinary science},
Volume = {5},
Pages = {71},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00071},
Abstract = {The transmission of infectious disease through a population
is often modeled assuming that interactions occur randomly
in groups, with all individuals potentially interacting with
all other individuals at an equal rate. However, it is well
known that pairs of individuals vary in their degree of
contact. Here, we propose a measure to account for such
heterogeneity: effective network size (ENS), which refers to
the size of a maximally complete network (i.e.,
unstructured, where all individuals interact with all others
equally) that corresponds to the outbreak characteristics of
a given heterogeneous, structured network. We simulated
susceptible-infected (SI) and susceptible-infected-recovered
(SIR) models on maximally complete networks to produce
idealized outbreak duration distributions for a disease on a
network of a given size. We also simulated the transmission
of these same diseases on random structured networks and
then used the resulting outbreak duration distributions to
predict the ENS for the group or population. We provide the
methods to reproduce these analyses in a public R package,
"enss." Outbreak durations of simulations on randomly
structured networks were more variable than those on
complete networks, but tended to have similar mean durations
of disease spread. We then applied our novel metric to
empirical primate networks taken from the literature and
compared the information represented by our ENSs to that by
other established social network metrics. In AICc model
comparison frameworks, group size and mean distance proved
to be the metrics most consistently associated with ENS for
SI simulations, while group size, centralization, and
modularity were most consistently associated with ENS for
SIR simulations. In all cases, ENS was shown to be
associated with at least two other independent metrics,
supporting its use as a novel metric. Overall, our study
provides a proof of concept for simulation-based approaches
toward constructing metrics of ENS, while also revealing the
conditions under which this approach is most
promising.},
Doi = {10.3389/fvets.2018.00071},
Key = {fds335488}
}
@article{fds337331,
Author = {Yu, JJ and Manus, MB and Mueller, O and Windsor, SC and Horvath, JE and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Antibacterial soap use impacts skin microbial communities in
rural Madagascar.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {13},
Number = {8},
Pages = {e0199899},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199899},
Abstract = {The skin harbors diverse communities of microorganisms, and
alterations to these communities can impact the
effectiveness of the skin as a barrier to infectious
organisms or injury. As the global availability and adoption
of antibacterial products increases, it is important to
understand how these products affect skin microbial
communities of people living in rural areas of developing
countries, where risks of infection and injury often differ
from urban populations in developed countries. We
investigated the effect of antibacterial soap on skin
microbial communities in a rural Malagasy population that
practices subsistence agriculture in the absence of
electricity and running water. We quantified the amount of
soap used by each participant and obtained skin swab samples
at three time points: prior to soap use, immediately after
one week of soap use, and two weeks after soap use was
discontinued. Soap use did not significantly impact
ecological measures of diversity and richness (alpha
diversity). However, the amount of soap used was a predictor
of community-level change (beta diversity), with changes
persisting for at least two weeks after subjects stopped
using soap. Our results indicate that the overall species
richness of skin microbial communities may be resistant to
short-term use of antibacterial soap in settings
characterized by regular contact with the natural
environment, yet these communities may undergo shifts in
microbial composition. Lifestyle changes associated with the
use of antibacterial soap may therefore cause rapid
alterations in skin microbial communities, with the
potential for effects on skin health.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0199899},
Key = {fds337331}
}
@article{fds338475,
Author = {Manus, MB and Bloomfield, GS and Leonard, AS and Guidera, LN and Samson,
DR and Nunn, CL},
Title = {High prevalence of hypertension in an agricultural village
in Madagascar.},
Journal = {PLoS One},
Volume = {13},
Number = {8},
Pages = {e0201616},
Year = {2018},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201616},
Abstract = {Elevated blood pressure presents a global health threat,
with rates of hypertension increasing in low and
middle-income countries. Lifestyle changes may be an
important driver of these increases in blood pressure.
Hypertension is particularly prevalent in African countries,
though the majority of studies have focused on mainland
Africa. We collected demographic and health data from 513
adults living in a community in rural Madagascar. We used
generalized linear mixed models to assess body mass index
(BMI), age, sex, and attributes related to household
composition and lifestyle as predictors of blood pressure
and hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension in this
cohort was 49.1% (both sexes combined: N = 513; females:
50.3%, N = 290; males: 47.5%, N = 223). Blood pressure, as
well as hypertensive state, was positively associated with
age and BMI. Lifestyle and household factors had no
significant relationships with blood pressure. The
prevalence of hypertension was similar to that found in
urban centers of other African countries, yet almost double
what has been previously found in Madagascar. Future
research should investigate the drivers of hypertension in
rural communities worldwide, as well as the lifestyle,
cultural, and genetic factors that underlie variation in
hypertension across space and time.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0201616},
Key = {fds338475}
}
@article{fds329004,
Author = {Dallas, T and Huang, S and Nunn, C and Park, AW and Drake,
JM},
Title = {Estimating parasite host range.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {284},
Number = {1861},
Pages = {20171250},
Year = {2017},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1250},
Abstract = {Estimating the number of host species that a parasite can
infect (i.e. host range) provides key insights into the
evolution of host specialism and is a central concept in
disease ecology. Host range is rarely estimated in real
systems, however, because variation in species relative
abundance and the detection of rare species makes it
challenging to confidently estimate host range. We applied a
non-parametric richness indicator to estimate host range in
simulated and empirical data, allowing us to assess the
influence of sampling heterogeneity and data completeness.
After validating our method on simulated data, we estimated
parasite host range for a sparsely sampled global parasite
occurrence database (Global Mammal Parasite Database) and a
repeatedly sampled set of parasites of small mammals from
New Mexico (Sevilleta Long Term Ecological Research
Program). Estimation accuracy varied strongly with parasite
taxonomy, number of parasite occurrence records, and the
shape of host species-abundance distribution (i.e. the
dominance and rareness of species in the host community).
Our findings suggest that between 20% and 40% of parasite
host ranges are currently unknown, highlighting a major gap
in our understanding of parasite specificity, host-parasite
network structure, and parasite burdens.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2017.1250},
Key = {fds329004}
}
@article{fds324358,
Author = {Samson, DR and Manus, MB and Krystal, AD and Fakir, E and Yu, JJ and Nunn,
CL},
Title = {Segmented sleep in a nonelectric, small-scale agricultural
society in Madagascar.},
Journal = {Am J Hum Biol},
Volume = {29},
Number = {4},
Year = {2017},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22979},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: We studied sleep in a rural population in
Madagascar to (i) characterize sleep in an equatorial
small-scale agricultural population without electricity,
(ii) assess whether sleep is linked to noise levels in a
dense population, and (iii) examine the effects of
experimentally introduced artificial light on sleep timing.
METHODS: Using actigraphy, sleep-wake patterns were analyzed
for both daytime napping and nighttime wakefulness in 21
participants for a sum total of 292 days. Functional linear
modeling was used to characterize 24-h time-averaged
circadian patterns and to investigate the effect of
experimentally introduced mobile field lights on sleep
timing. We also obtained the first polysomnography (PSG)
recordings of sleep in a traditional population. RESULTS: In
every measure of sleep duration and quality, the Malagasy
population experienced shorter and lower quality sleep when
compared to similarly measured postindustrial values. The
population slept for a total of 6.5 h per night and napped
during 89% of recorded days. We observed a peak in activity
after midnight for both sexes on 49% of nights, consistent
with segmented sleep. Access to mobile field lights had no
statistical effect on nighttime sleep timing. From PSG, we
documented relatively short rapid eye movement (14%), poor
sleep efficiency (66%), and high wake after sleep onset (162
min). CONCLUSIONS: Sleep in this population is segmented,
similar to the "first" sleep and "second" sleep reported in
the historical record. Moreover, although average sleep
duration and quality were lower than documented in Western
populations, circadian rhythms were more stable across
days.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajhb.22979},
Key = {fds324358}
}
@article{fds330388,
Author = {Schneider-Crease, I and Griffin, RH and Gomery, MA and Dorny, P and Noh,
JC and Handali, S and Chastain, HM and Wilkins, PP and Nunn, CL and Snyder-Mackler, N and Beehner, JC and Bergman,
TJ},
Title = {Identifying wildlife reservoirs of neglected taeniid
tapeworms: Non-invasive diagnosis of endemic Taenia serialis
infection in a wild primate population.},
Journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases},
Volume = {11},
Number = {7},
Pages = {e0005709},
Year = {2017},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005709},
Abstract = {Despite the global distribution and public health
consequences of Taenia tapeworms, the life cycles of
taeniids infecting wildlife hosts remain largely
undescribed. The larval stage of Taenia serialis commonly
parasitizes rodents and lagomorphs, but has been reported in
a wide range of hosts that includes geladas (Theropithecus
gelada), primates endemic to Ethiopia. Geladas exhibit
protuberant larval cysts indicative of advanced T. serialis
infection that are associated with high mortality. However,
non-protuberant larvae can develop in deep tissue or the
abdominal cavity, leading to underestimates of prevalence
based solely on observable cysts. We adapted a non-invasive
monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
(ELISA) to detect circulating Taenia spp. antigen in dried
gelada urine. Analysis revealed that this assay was highly
accurate in detecting Taenia antigen, with 98.4%
specificity, 98.5% sensitivity, and an area under the curve
of 0.99. We used this assay to investigate the prevalence of
T. serialis infection in a wild gelada population, finding
that infection is substantially more widespread than the
occurrence of visible T. serialis cysts (16.4% tested
positive at least once, while only 6% of the same population
exhibited cysts). We examined whether age or sex predicted
T. serialis infection as indicated by external cysts and
antigen presence. Contrary to the female-bias observed in
many Taenia-host systems, we found no significant sex bias
in either cyst presence or antigen presence. Age, on the
other hand, predicted cyst presence (older individuals were
more likely to show cysts) but not antigen presence. We
interpret this finding to indicate that T. serialis may
infect individuals early in life but only result in visible
disease later in life. This is the first application of an
antigen ELISA to the study of larval Taenia infection in
wildlife, opening the doors to the identification and
description of infection dynamics in reservoir
populations.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0005709},
Key = {fds330388}
}
@article{fds327585,
Author = {Samson, DR and Crittenden, AN and Mabulla, IA and Mabulla, AZP and Nunn,
CL},
Title = {Chronotype variation drives night-time sentinel-like
behaviour in hunter-gatherers.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {284},
Number = {1858},
Pages = {20170967},
Year = {2017},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0967},
Abstract = {Sleep is essential for survival, yet it also represents a
time of extreme vulnerability to predation, hostile
conspecifics and environmental dangers. To reduce the risks
of sleeping, the sentinel hypothesis proposes that
group-living animals share the task of vigilance during
sleep, with some individuals sleeping while others are
awake. To investigate sentinel-like behaviour in sleeping
humans, we investigated activity patterns at night among
Hadza hunter-gatherers of Tanzania. Using actigraphy, we
discovered that all subjects were simultaneously scored as
asleep for only 18 min in total over 20 days of observation,
with a median of eight individuals awake throughout the
night-time period; thus, one or more individuals was awake
(or in light stages of sleep) during 99.8% of sampled epochs
between when the first person went to sleep and the last
person awoke. We show that this asynchrony in activity
levels is produced by chronotype variation, and that
chronotype covaries with age. Thus, asynchronous periods of
wakefulness provide an opportunity for vigilance when
sleeping in groups. We propose that throughout human
evolution, sleeping groups composed of mixed age classes
provided a form of vigilance. Chronotype variation and human
sleep architecture (including nocturnal awakenings) in
modern populations may therefore represent a legacy of
natural selection acting in the past to reduce the dangers
of sleep.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2017.0967},
Key = {fds327585}
}
@article{fds325459,
Author = {Bray, J and Samson, DR and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Activity patterns in seven captive lemur species: Evidence
of cathemerality in Varecia and Lemur catta?},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {79},
Number = {6},
Year = {2017},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22648},
Abstract = {Cathemerality, or activity throughout the 24-hr cycle, is
rare in primates yet relatively common among lemurs.
However, the diverse ecological conditions under which
cathemerality is expressed complicates attempts to identify
species-typical behavior. For example, Lemur catta and
Varecia have historically been described as diurnal, yet
recent studies suggest that they might exhibit cathemeral
behavior under some conditions. To investigate this
variation, we monitored activity patterns among lemurs that
are exposed to similar captive environments. Using
MotionWatch 8 ® actigraphy data loggers, we studied 88
lemurs across seven species at the Duke Lemur Center (DLC).
Six species were members of the family Lemuridae (Eulemur
coronatus, E. flavifrons, E. mongoz, L. catta, V. rubra, V.
variegata), while a seventh was strictly diurnal and
included as an out-group (Propithecus coquereli). For each
24-hr cycle (N = 503), we generated two estimates of
cathemerality: mean night (MN) activity and day/night (DN)
activity ratio (day and night cutoffs were based on
astronomical twilights). As expected, P. coquereli engaged
in the least amount of nocturnal activity according to both
measures; their activity was also outside the 95% confidence
intervals of all three cathemeral Eulemur species, which
exhibited the greatest evidence of cathemerality. By these
estimates, Varecia activity was most similar to Eulemur and
exhibited substantial deviations from P. coquereli (β
(MN) = 0.22 ± SE 0.12; β (DN) = -0.21 ± SE
0.12). L. catta activity patterns also deviated from P.
coquereli (β (MN) = 0.12 ± SE 0.11; β
(DN) = -0.15 ± SE 0.12) but to a lesser degree than
either Varecia or Eulemur. Overall, L. catta displayed an
intermediate activity pattern between Eulemur and P.
coquereli, which is somewhat consistent with wild studies.
Regarding Varecia, although additional observations in more
diverse wild habitats are needed, our findings support the
existence of cathemeral behavior in this
genus.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.22648},
Key = {fds325459}
}
@article{fds326602,
Author = {Young, HS and McCauley, DJ and Dirzo, R and Nunn, CL and Campana, MG and Agwanda, B and Otarola-Castillo, ER and Castillo, ER and Pringle, RM and Veblen, KE and Salkeld, DJ and Stewardson, K and Fleischer, R and Lambin, EF and Palmer, TM and Helgen, KM},
Title = {Interacting effects of land use and climate on rodent-borne
pathogens in central Kenya.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {372},
Number = {1722},
Pages = {20160116},
Year = {2017},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0116},
Abstract = {Understanding the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on
zoonotic disease risk is both a critical conservation
objective and a public health priority. Here, we evaluate
the effects of multiple forms of anthropogenic disturbance
across a precipitation gradient on the abundance of
pathogen-infected small mammal hosts in a multi-host,
multi-pathogen system in central Kenya. Our results suggest
that conversion to cropland and wildlife loss alone drive
systematic increases in rodent-borne pathogen prevalence,
but that pastoral conversion has no such systematic effects.
The effects are most likely explained both by changes in
total small mammal abundance, and by changes in relative
abundance of a few high-competence species, although changes
in vector assemblages may also be involved. Several
pathogens responded to interactions between disturbance type
and climatic conditions, suggesting the potential for
synergistic effects of anthropogenic disturbance and climate
change on the distribution of disease risk. Overall, these
results indicate that conservation can be an effective tool
for reducing abundance of rodent-borne pathogens in some
contexts (e.g. wildlife loss alone); however, given the
strong variation in effects across disturbance types,
pathogen taxa and environmental conditions, the use of
conservation as public health interventions will need to be
carefully tailored to specific pathogens and human
contexts.This article is part of the themed issue
'Conservation, biodiversity and infectious disease:
scientific evidence and policy implications'.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2016.0116},
Key = {fds326602}
}
@article{fds326601,
Author = {Young, HS and Wood, CL and Kilpatrick, AM and Lafferty, KD and Nunn, CL and Vincent, JR},
Title = {Conservation, biodiversity and infectious disease:
scientific evidence and policy implications.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {372},
Number = {1722},
Pages = {20160124},
Year = {2017},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0124},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2016.0124},
Key = {fds326601}
}
@article{fds325458,
Author = {Stephens, PR and Pappalardo, P and Huang, S and Byers, JE and Farrell,
MJ and Gehman, A and Ghai, RR and Haas, SE and Han, B and Park, AW and Schmidt, JP and Altizer, S and Ezenwa, VO and Nunn,
CL},
Title = {Global Mammal Parasite Database version 2.0.},
Journal = {Ecology},
Volume = {98},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1476},
Year = {2017},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1799},
Abstract = {Illuminating the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of
parasites is one of the most pressing issues facing modern
science, and is critical for basic science, the global
economy, and human health. Extremely important to this
effort are data on the disease-causing organisms of wild
animal hosts (including viruses, bacteria, protozoa,
helminths, arthropods, and fungi). Here we present an
updated version of the Global Mammal Parasite Database, a
database of the parasites of wild ungulates (artiodactyls
and perissodactyls), carnivores, and primates, and make it
available for download as complete flat files. The updated
database has more than 24,000 entries in the main data file
alone, representing data from over 2700 literature sources.
We include data on sampling method and sample sizes when
reported, as well as both "reported" and "corrected" (i.e.,
standardized) binomials for each host and parasite species.
Also included are current higher taxonomies and data on
transmission modes used by the majority of species of
parasites in the database. In the associated metadata we
describe the methods used to identify sources and extract
data from the primary literature, how entries were checked
for errors, methods used to georeference entries, and how
host and parasite taxonomies were standardized across the
database. We also provide definitions of the data fields in
each of the four files that users can download.},
Doi = {10.1002/ecy.1799},
Key = {fds325458}
}
@article{fds323980,
Author = {Springer, A and Kappeler, PM and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Dynamic vs. static social networks in models of parasite
transmission: predicting Cryptosporidium spread in wild
lemurs.},
Journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
Volume = {86},
Number = {3},
Pages = {419-433},
Year = {2017},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12617},
Abstract = {Social networks provide an established tool to implement
heterogeneous contact structures in epidemiological models.
Dynamic temporal changes in contact structure and ranging
behaviour of wildlife may impact disease dynamics. A
consensus has yet to emerge, however, concerning the
conditions in which network dynamics impact model outcomes,
as compared to static approximations that average contact
rates over longer time periods. Furthermore, as many
pathogens can be transmitted both environmentally and via
close contact, it is important to investigate the relative
influence of both transmission routes in real-world
populations. Here, we use empirically derived networks from
a population of wild primates, Verreaux's sifakas
(Propithecus verreauxi), and simulated networks to
investigate pathogen spread in dynamic vs. static social
networks. First, we constructed a susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered
model of Cryptosporidium spread in wild Verreaux's sifakas.
We incorporated social and environmental transmission routes
and parameterized the model for two different climatic
seasons. Second, we used simulated networks and greater
variation in epidemiological parameters to investigate the
conditions in which dynamic networks produce larger outbreak
sizes than static networks. We found that average outbreak
size of Cryptosporidium infections in sifakas was larger
when the disease was introduced in the dry season than in
the wet season, driven by an increase in home range overlap
towards the end of the dry season. Regardless of season,
dynamic networks always produced larger average outbreak
sizes than static networks. Larger outbreaks in dynamic
models based on simulated networks occurred especially when
the probability of transmission and recovery were low.
Variation in tie strength in the dynamic networks also had a
major impact on outbreak size, while network modularity had
a weaker influence than epidemiological parameters that
determine transmission and recovery. Our study adds to
emerging evidence that dynamic networks can change
predictions of disease dynamics, especially if the disease
shows low transmissibility and a long infectious period, and
when environmental conditions lead to enhanced between-group
contact after an infectious agent has been
introduced.},
Doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.12617},
Key = {fds323980}
}
@article{fds332814,
Author = {Amoroso, CR and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Human parasitism in a comparative context: Are humans
exceptionally parasitized?},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {162},
Pages = {99-100},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds332814}
}
@article{fds332815,
Author = {McCabe, CM and Young, HS and Weinstein, SB and Nunn,
CL},
Title = {Unwelcome Guests: Human-rodent Commensalism and its
Implications for Zoonotic Disease Transfer},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {162},
Pages = {280-281},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds332815}
}
@article{fds323460,
Author = {Samson, DR and Crittenden, AN and Mabulla, IA and Mabulla, AZP and Nunn,
CL},
Title = {Hadza sleep biology: Evidence for flexible sleep-wake
patterns in hunter-gatherers.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {162},
Number = {3},
Pages = {573-582},
Year = {2017},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23160},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Cross-cultural sleep research is critical
to deciphering whether modern sleep expression is the
product of recent selective pressures, or an example of
evolutionary mismatch to ancestral sleep ecology. We worked
with the Hadza, an equatorial, hunter-gatherer community in
Tanzania, to better understand ancestral sleep patterns and
to test hypotheses related to sleep segmentation.<h4>Methods</h4>We
used actigraphy to analyze sleep-wake patterns in
thirty-three volunteers for a total of 393 days. Linear
mixed effects modeling was performed to assess ecological
predictors of sleep duration and quality. Additionally,
functional linear modeling (FLM) was used to characterize
24-hr time averaged circadian patterns.<h4>Results</h4>Compared
with post-industrialized western populations, the Hadza were
characterized by shorter (6.25 hr), poorer quality sleep
(sleep efficiency = 68.9%), yet had stronger circadian
rhythms. Sleep duration time was negatively influenced by
greater activity, age, light (lux) exposure, and moon phase,
and positively influenced by increased day length and mean
nighttime temperature. The average daily nap ratio (i.e.,
the proportion of days where a nap was present) was 0.54
(SE = 0.05), with an average nap duration of 47.5 min
(SE = 2.71; n = 139).<h4>Discussion</h4>This study
showed that circadian rhythms in small-scale foraging
populations are more entrained to their ecological
environments than Western populations. Additionally, Hadza
sleep is characterized as flexible, with a consistent early
morning sleep period yet reliance upon opportunistic daytime
napping. We propose that plasticity in sleep-wake patterns
has been a target of natural selection in human
evolution.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23160},
Key = {fds323460}
}
@article{fds322447,
Author = {Young, HS and Parker, IM and Gilbert, GS and Sofia Guerra and A and Nunn,
CL},
Title = {Introduced Species, Disease Ecology, and
Biodiversity-Disease Relationships.},
Journal = {Trends in ecology & evolution},
Volume = {32},
Number = {1},
Pages = {41-54},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2016.09.008},
Abstract = {Species introductions are a dominant component of
biodiversity change but are not explicitly included in most
discussions of biodiversity-disease relationships. This is a
major oversight given the multitude of effects that
introduced species have on both parasitism and native hosts.
Drawing on both animal and plant systems, we review the
competing mechanistic pathways by which biological
introductions influence parasite diversity and prevalence.
While some mechanisms - such as local changes in
phylogenetic composition and global homogenization - have
strong explanatory potential, the net effects of introduced
species, especially at local scales, remain poorly
understood. Integrative, community-scale studies that
explicitly incorporate introduced species are needed to make
effective predictions about the effects of realistic
biodiversity change and conservation action on
disease.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2016.09.008},
Key = {fds322447}
}
@article{fds325282,
Author = {Dunn, RR and Nunn, CL and Horvath, JE},
Title = {The Global Synanthrome Project: A Call for an Exhaustive
Study of Human Associates.},
Journal = {Trends in parasitology},
Volume = {33},
Number = {1},
Pages = {4-7},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2016.09.007},
Abstract = {Here we coin the term synanthrome to describe all of the
species we interact with. We propose that the time is now
here for The Global Synanthrome Project to describe all of
our interacting species and how they have changed through
time and across space. This effort must involve natural
history, ecology, and evolutionary biology in addition to
genomics studies that are already underway.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.pt.2016.09.007},
Key = {fds325282}
}
@article{fds325281,
Author = {Nesse, RM and Finch, CE and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Does selection for short sleep duration explain human
vulnerability to Alzheimer's disease?},
Journal = {Evolution, medicine, and public health},
Volume = {2017},
Number = {1},
Pages = {39-46},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eow035},
Abstract = {Compared with other primates, humans sleep less and have a
much higher prevalence of Alzheimer 's disease (AD)
pathology. This article reviews evidence relevant to the
hypothesis that natural selection for shorter sleep time in
humans has compromised the efficacy of physiological
mechanisms that protect against AD during sleep. In
particular, the glymphatic system drains interstitial fluid
from the brain, removing extra-cellular amyloid beta (eAβ)
twice as fast during sleep. In addition, melatonin - a
peptide hormone that increases markedly during sleep - is an
effective antioxidant that inhibits the polymerization of
soluble eAβ into insoluble amyloid fibrils that are
associated with AD. Sleep deprivation increases plaque
formation and AD, which itself disrupts sleep, potentially
creating a positive feedback cycle. These and other
physiological benefits of sleep may be compromised by short
sleep durations. Our hypothesis highlights possible
long-term side effects of medications that reduce sleep, and
may lead to potential new strategies for preventing and
treating AD.},
Doi = {10.1093/emph/eow035},
Key = {fds325281}
}
@article{fds330389,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Stearns, SC},
Title = {Progress and change.},
Journal = {Evolution, medicine, and public health},
Volume = {2017},
Number = {1},
Pages = {50},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eox003},
Doi = {10.1093/emph/eox003},
Key = {fds330389}
}
@article{fds330390,
Author = {Manus, MB and Yu, JJ and Park, LP and Mueller, O and Windsor, SC and Horvath, JE and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Environmental influences on the skin microbiome of humans
and cattle in rural Madagascar.},
Journal = {Evolution, medicine, and public health},
Volume = {2017},
Number = {1},
Pages = {144-153},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eox013},
Abstract = {<h4>Background and objectives</h4>The skin harbors a dynamic
community of microorganisms, where contact with humans,
other animals and the environment can alter microbial
communities. Most research on the human skin microbiome
features Western populations living in hygienic conditions,
yet these populations have vastly different patterns of
environmental contact than the majority of people on Earth,
including those living in developing countries.<h4>Methodology</h4>We
studied skin microbial communities of humans and cattle
(zebu) in rural Madagascar to investigate how zebu ownership
affects microbial composition of the human skin, and to
characterize non-Western human and zebu skin communities
more generally. A portion of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced
from samples of zebu backs and human ankles, forearms, hands
and armpits. Analyses were conducted in QIIME, R and
LEfSe.<h4>Results</h4>Human and zebu samples varied in
microbial community composition, yet we did not find
evidence for a shared microbial signature between an
individual and his zebu. Microbial communities differed
across human body sites, with ankles reflecting increased
diversity and greater similarity to samples from zebu,
likely due to extensive shared contact with soil by humans
and zebu.<h4>Conclusions and implications</h4>Cattle
ownership had, at best, weak effects on the human skin
microbiome. We suggest that components of human biology and
lifestyles override the microbial signature of close contact
with zebu, including genetic factors and human-human
interaction, irrespective of zebu ownership. Understanding
ecological drivers of microbial communities will help
determine ways that microbial transfer and community
composition change as populations adopt Western lifestyles,
and could provide insights into zoonotic disease
transmission.},
Doi = {10.1093/emph/eox013},
Key = {fds330390}
}
@article{fds332976,
Author = {Amoroso, CR and Frink, AG and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Water choice as a counterstrategy to faecally transmitted
disease: An experimental study in captive
lemurs},
Journal = {Behaviour},
Volume = {154},
Number = {13-15},
Pages = {1239-1258},
Publisher = {BRILL},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539X-00003466},
Abstract = {Many parasites and pathogens are transmitted via water,
including through faecal contamination of water sources. Yet
water is essential for survival, and some species gain
nutritional and other benefits from coprophagy. We
investigated how primates balance the risks of faecal
pathogen transmission with potential benefits of faeces
ingestion in their selection of water sources by conducting
behavioural experiments with five species of lemurs (Family
Lemuridae) in captivity. Subjects were given a choice
between clean water and water 'contaminated' with
disinfected faecal material, which contained cues associated
with faecally transmitted parasites, but minimal risk. We
found that lemurs exhibited strong preferences for the clean
water. This pattern was supported even at low levels of
faecal contamination and in species adapted to water-limited
habitats, for which choosiness about water quality could
present a dehydration risk. Our results strongly support the
hypothesis that avoiding faecal contamination is important
in water selection.},
Doi = {10.1163/1568539X-00003466},
Key = {fds332976}
}
@article{fds322446,
Author = {Samson, DR and Yetish, GM and Crittenden, AN and Mabulla, IA and Mabulla, AZP and Nunn, CL},
Title = {What is segmented sleep? Actigraphy field validation for
daytime sleep and nighttime wake.},
Journal = {Sleep health},
Volume = {2},
Number = {4},
Pages = {341-347},
Year = {2016},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2016.09.006},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>To compare different scoring parameter
settings in actigraphy software for inferring sleep and wake
bouts for validating analytical techniques outside of
laboratory environments.<h4>Design</h4>To identify parameter
settings that best identify napping during periods of
wakefulness, we analyzed 137 days on which participants
reported daytime napping, as compared with a random subset
of 30 days when no naps were reported. To identify settings
that identify periods of wakefulness during sleep, we used
data from a subsample of women who reported discrete wake
bouts while nursing at night.<h4>Setting</h4>Equatorial
Tanzania in January to February 2016.<h4>Participants</h4>The
Hadza-a non-industrial foraging population.<h4>Measurements</h4>Thirty-three
subjects participated in the study for 393 observation days.
Using the Bland-Altman technique to determine concordance,
we analyzed reported events of daytime napping and nighttime
wake bouts.<h4>Results</h4>Only 1 parameter setting could
reliably detect reported naps (15-minute nap length, ≤50
counts). Moreover, of the 6 tested parameter settings to
detect wake bouts, the setting where the sleep-wake
algorithm was parameterized to detect 20 consecutive minutes
throughout the designated sleep period did not overestimate
or underestimate wake bouts, had the lowest mean difference,
and did not significantly differ from reported wake-bout
events.<h4>Conclusion</h4>We propose operational definitions
for multiple dimensions of segmented sleep and conclude that
actigraphy is an effective method for detecting segmented
sleep in future cross-site comparative research. The
implications of such work are far reaching, as sleep
research in preindustrial and developing societies is
documenting natural sleep-wake patterns in previously
inaccessible environments.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.sleh.2016.09.006},
Key = {fds322446}
}
@article{fds322448,
Author = {Stephens, PR and Altizer, S and Smith, KF and Alonso Aguirre and A and Brown, JH and Budischak, SA and Byers, JE and Dallas, TA and Jonathan
Davies, T and Drake, JM and Ezenwa, VO and Farrell, MJ and Gittleman,
JL and Han, BA and Huang, S and Hutchinson, RA and Johnson, P and Nunn, CL and Onstad, D and Park, A and Vazquez-Prokopec, GM and Schmidt, JP and Poulin, R},
Title = {The macroecology of infectious diseases: a new perspective
on global-scale drivers of pathogen distributions and
impacts.},
Journal = {Ecology letters},
Volume = {19},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1159-1171},
Year = {2016},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12644},
Abstract = {Identifying drivers of infectious disease patterns and
impacts at the broadest scales of organisation is one of the
most crucial challenges for modern science, yet answers to
many fundamental questions remain elusive. These include
what factors commonly facilitate transmission of pathogens
to novel host species, what drives variation in immune
investment among host species, and more generally what
drives global patterns of parasite diversity and
distribution? Here we consider how the perspectives and
tools of macroecology, a field that investigates patterns
and processes at broad spatial, temporal and taxonomic
scales, are expanding scientific understanding of global
infectious disease ecology. In particular, emerging
approaches are providing new insights about scaling
properties across all living taxa, and new strategies for
mapping pathogen biodiversity and infection risk.
Ultimately, macroecology is establishing a framework to more
accurately predict global patterns of infectious disease
distribution and emergence.},
Doi = {10.1111/ele.12644},
Key = {fds322448}
}
@article{fds322449,
Author = {Borries, C and Sandel, AA and Koenig, A and Fernandez-Duque, E and Kamilar, JM and Amoroso, CR and Barton, RA and Bray, J and Di Fiore and A and Gilby, IC and Gordon, AD and Mundry, R and Port, M and Powell, LE and Pusey, AE and Spriggs, A and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Transparency, usability, and reproducibility: Guiding
principles for improving comparative databases using
primates as examples.},
Journal = {Evolutionary anthropology},
Volume = {25},
Number = {5},
Pages = {232-238},
Year = {2016},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.21502},
Abstract = {Recent decades have seen rapid development of new analytical
methods to investigate patterns of interspecific variation.
Yet these cutting-edge statistical analyses often rely on
data of questionable origin, varying accuracy, and weak
comparability, which seem to have reduced the
reproducibility of studies. It is time to improve the
transparency of comparative data while also making these
improved data more widely available. We, the authors, met to
discuss how transparency, usability, and reproducibility of
comparative data can best be achieved. We propose four
guiding principles: 1) data identification with explicit
operational definitions and complete descriptions of
methods; 2) inclusion of metadata that capture key
characteristics of the data, such as sample size, geographic
coordinates, and nutrient availability (for example, captive
versus wild animals); 3) documentation of the original
reference for each datum; and 4) facilitation of effective
interactions with the data via user friendly and transparent
interfaces. We urge reviewers, editors, publishers, database
developers and users, funding agencies, researchers
publishing their primary data, and those performing
comparative analyses to embrace these standards to increase
the transparency, usability, and reproducibility of
comparative studies.},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.21502},
Key = {fds322449}
}
@misc{fds367021,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Gillespie, TR},
Title = {Infectious disease and primate conservation},
Pages = {157-174},
Booktitle = {An Introduction to Primate Conservation},
Publisher = {Oxford University PressOxford},
Year = {2016},
Month = {June},
ISBN = {0198703384},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198703389.003.0010},
Abstract = {<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Infectious disease
is an important factor that may contribute to primate
population declines. In addition, as primate species are
lost, the parasitic organisms that coevolved with them are
also lost. This chapter considers these and other links
between infectious disease and primate conservation. It
begins by considering the broader context of how parasites
might influence conservation goals more generally, with some
examples from non-primate taxa. These examples are used to
better understand the links between infectious disease and
primate conservation, focusing on case studies involving
Ebola, yellow fever, respiratory infections, and
environmentally transmitted infections. How biodiversity
itself may influence disease risk for both wildlife and
humans is also considered, and how parasites may contribute
to the generation of biodiversity and to the resilience and
vigour of ecological communities. The chapter ends with
practical considerations, including ways to limit the
spillover of disease from humans and domesticated animals to
wild primates.</jats:p>},
Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198703389.003.0010},
Key = {fds367021}
}
@article{fds240819,
Author = {Young, HS and Dirzo, R and Helgen, KM and Mccauley, DJ and Nunn, CL and Snyder, P and Veblen, KE and Zhao, S and Ezenwa, VO},
Title = {Large wildlife removal drives immune defence increases in
rodents},
Journal = {Functional Ecology},
Volume = {30},
Number = {5},
Pages = {799-807},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Editor = {Tschirren, B},
Year = {2016},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0269-8463},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12542},
Abstract = {Anthropogenic disturbances involving land use change,
climate disruption, pollution and invasive species have been
shown to impact immune function of wild animals. These
immune changes have direct impacts on the fitness of
impacted animals and, also, potentially indirect effects on
other species and on ecological processes, notably involving
the spread of infectious disease. Here, we investigate
whether the selective loss of large wildlife can also drive
changes in immune function of other consumer species. Using
a long-standing large-scale exclosure experiment in East
Africa, we investigated the effects of selective removal of
large wildlife on multiple measures of immune function in
the dominant small rodent in the system, the East African
pouched mouse, Saccostomus mearnsi. We find support for a
general increase in immune function in landscapes where
large wildlife has been removed, but with some variation
across immune parameters. These changes may be mediated in
part by increased pathogen pressure in plots where large
wildlife has been removed due to major increases in rodent
density in such plots, but other factors such as changes in
food resources are also likely involved. Overall, our
research reveals that the elimination of large-bodied
wildlife - now recognized as another major form of global
anthropogenic change - may have cascading effects on immune
health, with the potential for these effects to also impact
disease dynamics in ecological communities. Lay Summary
Functional Ecology},
Doi = {10.1111/1365-2435.12542},
Key = {fds240819}
}
@article{fds322450,
Author = {Sandel, AA and Miller, JA and Mitani, JC and Nunn, CL and Patterson, SK and Garamszegi, LZ},
Title = {Assessing sources of error in comparative analyses of
primate behavior: Intraspecific variation in group size and
the social brain hypothesis.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {94},
Pages = {126-133},
Year = {2016},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.03.007},
Abstract = {Phylogenetic comparative methods have become standard for
investigating evolutionary hypotheses, including in studies
of human evolution. While these methods account for the
non-independence of trait data due to phylogeny, they often
fail to consider intraspecific variation, which may lead to
biased or erroneous results. We assessed the degree to which
intraspecific variation impacts the results of comparative
analyses by investigating the "social brain" hypothesis,
which has provided a framework for explaining complex
cognition and large brains in humans. This hypothesis
suggests that group life imposes a cognitive challenge, with
species living in larger social groups having comparably
larger neocortex ratios than those living in smaller groups.
Primates, however, vary considerably in group size within
species, a fact that has been ignored in previous analyses.
When within-species variation in group size is high, the
common practice of using a mean value to represent the
species may be inappropriate. We conducted regression and
resampling analyses to ascertain whether the relationship
between neocortex ratio and group size across primate
species persists after controlling for within-species
variation in group size. We found that in a sample of 23
primates, 70% of the variation in group size was due to
between-species variation. Controlling for within-species
variation in group size did not affect the results of
phylogenetic analyses, which continued to show a positive
relationship between neocortex ratio and group size.
Analyses restricted to non-monogamous primates revealed
considerable intraspecific variation in group size, but the
positive association between neocortex ratio and group size
remained even after controlling for within-species variation
in group size. Our findings suggest that the relationship
between neocortex size and group size in primates is robust.
In addition, our methods and associated computer code
provide a way to assess and account for intraspecific
variation in other comparative analyses of primate
evolution.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.03.007},
Key = {fds322450}
}
@article{fds325284,
Author = {Vining, AQ and Nunn, CL},
Title = {A comparative analysis of evolutionary changes in human
physiological traits},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {324-324},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds325284}
}
@article{fds325285,
Author = {Trentadue, TP and Nunn, CL and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Investigating musculoskeletal health and limb biomechanics
in Mandena, Madagascar: A quantitative approach to
understanding normal and pathological gait
patterns},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {317-318},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds325285}
}
@article{fds325286,
Author = {Samson, DR and Manus, M and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Sleep duration, quality and timing in a non-electric
population in Madagascar},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {278-278},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds325286}
}
@article{fds325287,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Samson, DR},
Title = {Shining Evolutionary Light on Human Sleep: Sleep Intensity
and Human Cognition},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {242-242},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds325287}
}
@article{fds325288,
Author = {Amoroso, CR and Smith, KCM and Frink, AG and Nunn,
CL},
Title = {Parasite risk influences the water preferences of
lemurs},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {79-79},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds325288}
}
@article{fds325283,
Author = {Vining, AQ and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Evolutionary change in physiological phenotypes along the
human lineage.},
Journal = {Evolution, medicine, and public health},
Volume = {2016},
Number = {1},
Pages = {312-324},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eow026},
Abstract = {<h4>Background and objectives</h4>Research in evolutionary
medicine provides many examples of how evolution has shaped
human susceptibility to disease. Traits undergoing rapid
evolutionary change may result in associated costs or reduce
the energy available to other traits. We hypothesize that
humans have experienced more such changes than other
primates as a result of major evolutionary change along the
human lineage. We investigated 41 physiological traits
across 50 primate species to identify traits that have
undergone marked evolutionary change along the human
lineage.<h4>Methodology</h4>We analysed the data using two
Bayesian phylogenetic comparative methods. One approach
models trait covariation in non-human primates and predicts
human phenotypes to identify whether humans are evolutionary
outliers. The other approach models adaptive shifts under an
Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model of evolution to assess whether
inferred shifts are more common on the human branch than on
other primate lineages.<h4>Results</h4>We identified four
traits with strong evidence for an evolutionary increase on
the human lineage (amylase, haematocrit, phosphorus and
monocytes) and one trait with strong evidence for decrease
(neutrophilic bands). Humans exhibited more cases of
distinct evolutionary change than other primates.<h4>Conclusions
and implications</h4>Human physiology has undergone
increased evolutionary change compared to other primates.
Long distance running may have contributed to increases in
haematocrit and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration,
while dietary changes are likely related to increases in
amylase. In accordance with the pathogen load hypothesis,
human monocyte levels were increased, but many other
immune-related measures were not. Determining the mechanisms
underlying conspicuous evolutionary change in these traits
may provide new insights into human disease.},
Doi = {10.1093/emph/eow026},
Key = {fds325283}
}
@article{fds323981,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Samson, DR and Krystal, AD},
Title = {Shining evolutionary light on human sleep and sleep
disorders.},
Journal = {Evol Med Public Health},
Volume = {2016},
Number = {1},
Pages = {227-243},
Year = {2016},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eow018},
Abstract = {Sleep is essential to cognitive function and health in
humans, yet the ultimate reasons for sleep-i.e. 'why' sleep
evolved-remain mysterious. We integrate findings from human
sleep studies, the ethnographic record, and the ecology and
evolution of mammalian sleep to better understand sleep
along the human lineage and in the modern world. Compared to
other primates, sleep in great apes has undergone
substantial evolutionary change, with all great apes
building a sleeping platform or 'nest'. Further evolutionary
change characterizes human sleep, with humans having the
shortest sleep duration, yet the highest proportion of rapid
eye movement sleep among primates. These changes likely
reflect that our ancestors experienced fitness benefits from
being active for a greater portion of the 24-h cycle than
other primates, potentially related to advantages arising
from learning, socializing and defending against predators
and hostile conspecifics. Perspectives from evolutionary
medicine have implications for understanding sleep
disorders; we consider these perspectives in the context of
insomnia, narcolepsy, seasonal affective disorder, circadian
rhythm disorders and sleep apnea. We also identify how human
sleep today differs from sleep through most of human
evolution, and the implications of these changes for global
health and health disparities. More generally, our review
highlights the importance of phylogenetic comparisons in
understanding human health, including well-known links
between sleep, cognitive performance and health in
humans.},
Doi = {10.1093/emph/eow018},
Key = {fds323981}
}
@article{fds322451,
Author = {Samson, DR and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Sleep intensity and the evolution of human
cognition.},
Journal = {Evolutionary anthropology},
Volume = {24},
Number = {6},
Pages = {225-237},
Year = {2015},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.21464},
Abstract = {Over the past four decades, scientists have made substantial
progress in understanding the evolution of sleep patterns
across the Tree of Life. Remarkably, the specifics of sleep
along the human lineage have been slow to emerge. This is
surprising, given our unique mental and behavioral capacity
and the importance of sleep for individual cognitive
performance. One view is that our species' sleep
architecture is in accord with patterns documented in other
mammals. We promote an alternative view, that human sleep is
highly derived relative to that of other primates. Based on
new and existing evidence, we specifically propose that
humans are more efficient in their sleep patterns than are
other primates, and that human sleep is shorter, deeper, and
exhibits a higher proportion of REM than expected. Thus, we
propose the sleep intensity hypothesis: Early humans
experienced selective pressure to fulfill sleep needs in the
shortest time possible. Several factors likely served as
selective pressures for more efficient sleep, including
increased predation risk in terrestrial environments,
threats from intergroup conflict, and benefits arising from
increased social interaction. Less sleep would enable longer
active periods in which to acquire and transmit new skills
and knowledge, while deeper sleep may be critical for the
consolidation of those skills, leading to enhanced cognitive
abilities in early humans.},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.21464},
Key = {fds322451}
}
@article{fds325289,
Author = {McCabe, CM and Jordan, F and Nunn, CL},
Title = {MORE THAN JUST A NUMBERS GAME: POPULATIONS, NETWORKS, AND
DISEASE DYNAMICS IN PRIMATES},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {77},
Pages = {44-45},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {November},
Key = {fds325289}
}
@article{fds240820,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Alberts, SC and McClain, CR and Meshnick, SR and Vision,
TJ and Wiegmann, BM and Rodrigo, AG},
Title = {Linking Evolution, Ecology, and Health: TriCEM},
Journal = {BioScience},
Volume = {65},
Number = {8},
Pages = {748-749},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2015},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0006-3568},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biv086},
Doi = {10.1093/biosci/biv086},
Key = {fds240820}
}
@article{fds325290,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Wallace, I and Beall, CM},
Title = {Connecting evolution, medicine, and public
health.},
Journal = {Evolutionary anthropology},
Volume = {24},
Number = {4},
Pages = {127-129},
Year = {2015},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.21451},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.21451},
Key = {fds325290}
}
@article{fds240826,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Craft, ME and Gillespie, TR and Schaller, M and Kappeler,
PM},
Title = {The sociality-health-fitness nexus: synthesis, conclusions
and future directions.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {370},
Number = {1669},
Pages = {20140115},
Year = {2015},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0962-8436},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0115},
Abstract = {This theme issue has highlighted the links between
sociality, health and fitness in a broad range of organisms,
and with approaches that include field and captive studies
of animals, comparative and meta-analyses, theoretical
modelling and clinical and psychological studies of humans.
In this concluding chapter, we synthesize the results of
these diverse studies into some of the key concepts
discussed in this issue, focusing on risks of infectious
disease through social contact, the effects of competition
in groups on susceptibility to disease, and the integration
of sociality into research on life-history trade-offs.
Interestingly, the studies in this issue both support
pre-existing hypotheses, and in other ways challenge those
hypotheses. We focus on unexpected results, including a lack
of association between ectoparasites and fitness and weak
results from a meta-analysis of the links between dominance
rank and immune function, and place these results in a
broader context. We also review relevant topics that were
not covered fully in this theme issue, including
self-medication and sickness behaviours, society-level
defences against infectious disease, sexual selection,
evolutionary medicine, implications for conservation biology
and selective pressures on parasite traits. We conclude by
identifying general open questions to stimulate and guide
future research on the links between sociality, health and
fitness.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2014.0115},
Key = {fds240826}
}
@article{fds240827,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Jordán, F and McCabe, CM and Verdolin, JL and Fewell,
JH},
Title = {Infectious disease and group size: more than just a numbers
game.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {370},
Number = {1669},
Pages = {20140111},
Year = {2015},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0962-8436},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0111},
Abstract = {Increased risk of infectious disease is assumed to be a
major cost of group living, yet empirical evidence for this
effect is mixed. We studied whether larger social groups are
more subdivided structurally. If so, the social subdivisions
that form in larger groups may act as barriers to the spread
of infection, weakening the association between group size
and infectious disease. To investigate this 'social
bottleneck' hypothesis, we examined the association between
group size and four network structure metrics in 43
vertebrate and invertebrate species. We focused on metrics
involving modularity, clustering, distance and
centralization. In a meta-analysis of intraspecific
variation in social networks, modularity showed positive
associations with network size, with a weaker but still
positive effect in cross-species analyses. Network distance
also showed a positive association with group size when
using intraspecific variation. We then used a theoretical
model to explore the effects of subgrouping relative to
other effects that influence disease spread in socially
structured populations. Outbreaks reached higher prevalence
when groups were larger, but subgrouping reduced prevalence.
Subgrouping also acted as a 'brake' on disease spread
between groups. We suggest research directions to understand
the conditions under which larger groups become more
subdivided, and to devise new metrics that account for
subgrouping when investigating the links between sociality
and infectious disease risk.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2014.0111},
Key = {fds240827}
}
@article{fds240828,
Author = {Kappeler, PM and Cremer, S and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Sociality and health: impacts of sociality on disease
susceptibility and transmission in animal and human
societies.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {370},
Number = {1669},
Pages = {20140116},
Year = {2015},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0962-8436},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0116},
Abstract = {This paper introduces a theme issue presenting the latest
developments in research on the impacts of sociality on
health and fitness. The articles that follow cover research
on societies ranging from insects to humans. Variation in
measures of fitness (i.e. survival and reproduction) has
been linked to various aspects of sociality in humans and
animals alike, and variability in individual health and
condition has been recognized as a key mediator of these
relationships. Viewed from a broad evolutionary perspective,
the evolutionary transitions from a solitary lifestyle to
group living have resulted in several new health-related
costs and benefits of sociality. Social transmission of
parasites within groups represents a major cost of group
living, but some behavioural mechanisms, such as grooming,
have evolved repeatedly to reduce this cost. Group living
also has created novel costs in terms of altered
susceptibility to infectious and non-infectious disease as a
result of the unavoidable physiological consequences of
social competition and integration, which are partly
alleviated by social buffering in some vertebrates. Here, we
define the relevant aspects of sociality, summarize their
health-related costs and benefits, and discuss possible
fitness measures in different study systems. Given the
pervasive effects of social factors on health and fitness,
we propose a synthesis of existing conceptual approaches in
disease ecology, ecological immunology and behavioural
neurosciences by adding sociality as a key factor, with the
goal to generate a broader framework for organismal
integration of health-related research.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2014.0116},
Key = {fds240828}
}
@article{fds240821,
Author = {Capellini, I and Nunn, CL and Barton, RA},
Title = {Microparasites and Placental Invasiveness in Eutherian
Mammals.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {10},
Number = {7},
Pages = {e0132563},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132563},
Abstract = {Placental invasiveness-the number of maternal tissue layers
separating fetal tissues from maternal blood-is variable
across mammalian species. Although this diversity is likely
to be functionally important, variation in placental
invasiveness remains unexplained. Here we test the
hypothesis that increased risk of transplacental
transmission of pathogens from the mother to the fetus
promotes the evolution of non-invasive placentation, the
most likely derived condition in eutherian mammals.
Specifically, we predict that non-invasive placentation is
associated with increased microparasite species richness
relative to more invasive placental types, based on the
assumption that higher numbers of microparasites in a
population reflects greater risk of transplacental
transmission to fetuses. As predicted, higher bacteria
species richness is associated with non-invasive
placentation. Protozoa species richness, however, shows the
opposite pattern. Because invasive placentae facilitate the
transfer of maternal antibodies to the fetus, we propose
that the ancestral condition of invasive placentation is
retained under selection for protection of newborns from
higher risk of postnatal protozoan infection. Hence, our
findings suggest that a tradeoff exists between protection
against bacterial infection prenatally and protozoan
infection postnatally. Future studies are needed to
investigate how maternal prevalence of infection and the
relative pre- versus postnatal risk of fetal infection by
different microparasite groups vary among mammalian hosts in
relation to placental invasiveness.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0132563},
Key = {fds240821}
}
@article{fds240829,
Author = {Pilosof, S and Morand, S and Krasnov, BR and Nunn,
CL},
Title = {Potential parasite transmission in multi-host networks based
on parasite sharing.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {10},
Number = {3},
Pages = {e0117909},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117909},
Abstract = {Epidemiological networks are commonly used to explore
dynamics of parasite transmission among individuals in a
population of a given host species. However, many parasites
infect multiple host species, and thus multi-host networks
may offer a better framework for investigating parasite
dynamics. We investigated the factors that influence
parasite sharing--and thus potential transmission
pathways--among rodent hosts in Southeast Asia. We focused
on differences between networks of a single host species and
networks that involve multiple host species. In
host-parasite networks, modularity (the extent to which the
network is divided into subgroups of rodents that interact
with similar parasites) was higher in the multi-species than
in the single-species networks. This suggests that phylogeny
affects patterns of parasite sharing, which was confirmed in
analyses showing that it predicted affiliation of
individuals to modules. We then constructed "potential
transmission networks" based on the host-parasite networks,
in which edges depict the similarity between a pair of
individuals in the parasites they share. The centrality of
individuals in these networks differed between multi- and
single-species networks, with species identity and
individual characteristics influencing their position in the
networks. Simulations further revealed that parasite
dynamics differed between multi- and single-species
networks. We conclude that multi-host networks based on
parasite sharing can provide new insights into the potential
for transmission among hosts in an ecological community. In
addition, the factors that determine the nature of parasite
sharing (i.e. structure of the host-parasite network) may
impact transmission patterns.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0117909},
Key = {fds240829}
}
@article{fds240830,
Author = {McCabe, CM and Reader, SM and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Infectious disease, behavioural flexibility and the
evolution of culture in primates.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {282},
Number = {1799},
Pages = {20140862},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0962-8452},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0862},
Abstract = {Culturally transmitted traits are observed in a wide array
of animal species, yet we understand little about the costs
of the behavioural patterns that underlie culture, such as
innovation and social learning. We propose that infectious
diseases are a significant cost associated with cultural
transmission. We investigated two hypotheses that may
explain such a connection: that social learning and
exploratory behaviours (specifically, innovation and
extractive foraging) either compensate for existing
infection or increase exposure to infectious agents. We used
Bayesian comparative methods, controlling for sampling
effort, body mass, group size, geographical range size,
terrestriality, latitude and phylogenetic uncertainty.
Across 127 primate species, we found a positive association
between pathogen richness and rates of innovation,
extractive foraging and social learning. This relationship
was driven by two independent phenomena: socially contagious
diseases were positively associated with rates of social
learning, and environmentally transmitted diseases were
positively associated with rates of exploration. Because
higher pathogen burdens can contribute to morbidity and
mortality, we propose that parasitism is a significant cost
associated with the behavioural patterns that underpin
culture, and that increased pathogen exposure is likely to
have played an important role in the evolution of culture in
both non-human primates and humans.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2014.0862},
Key = {fds240830}
}
@article{fds240831,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Cooper, N},
Title = {Investigating evolutionary lag using the species-pairs
evolutionary lag test (SPELT).},
Journal = {Evolution; international journal of organic
evolution},
Volume = {69},
Number = {1},
Pages = {245-253},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0014-3820},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evo.12520},
Abstract = {For traits showing correlated evolution, one trait may
evolve more slowly than the other, producing evolutionary
lag. The species-pairs evolutionary lag test (SPELT) uses an
independent contrasts based approach to detect evolutionary
lag on a phylogeny. We investigated the statistical
performance of SPELT in relation to degree of lag, sample
size (species pairs), and strength of association between
traits. We simulated trait evolution under two models: one
in which trait X changes during speciation and the lagging
trait Y catches up as a function of time since speciation;
and another in which trait X evolves in a random walk and
the lagging trait Y is a function of X at a previous time
period. Type I error rates under "no lag" were close to the
expected level of 5%, indicating that the method is not
prone to false-positives. Simulation results suggest that
reasonable statistical power (80%) is reached with around
140 species pairs, although the degree of lag and trait
associations had additional influences on power. We applied
the method to two datasets and discuss how estimation of a
branch length scaling parameter (κ) can be used with SPELT
to detect lag.},
Doi = {10.1111/evo.12520},
Key = {fds240831}
}
@article{fds226203,
Author = {C.L. Nunn and L. Zhu (2014).},
Title = {Phylogenetic prediction to identify “evolutionary
singularities.”},
Booktitle = {Modern Phylogenetic Comparative Methods and their
Application in Evolutionary Biology: Concepts and
Practice.},
Editor = {L.Z. Garamszegi and ed. Springer-Verlag.},
Year = {2015},
Key = {fds226203}
}
@article{fds323982,
Author = {MacLean, EL and Hare, B and Nunn, CL and Addessi, E and Amici, F and Anderson, RC and Aureli, F and Baker, JM and Bania, AE and Barnard, AM and Boogert, NJ and Brannon, EM and Bray, EE and Bray, J and Brent, LJN and Burkart, JM and Call, J and Cantlon, JF and Cheke, LG and Clayton, NS and Delgado, MM and DiVincenti, LJ and Fujita, K and Herrmann, E and Hiramatsu, C and Jacobs, LF and Jordan, KE and Laude, JR and Leimgruber,
KL and Messer, EJE and Moura, ACDA and Ostojić, L and Picard, A and Platt,
ML and Plotnik, JM and Range, F and Reader, SM and Reddy, RB and Sandel,
AA and Santos, LR and Schumann, K and Seed, AM and Sewall, KB and Shaw, RC and Slocombe, KE and Su, Y and Takimoto, A and Tan, J and Tao, R and van
Schaik, CP and Virányi, Z and Visalberghi, E and Wade, JC and Watanabe,
A and Widness, J and Young, JK and Zentall, TR and Zhao,
Y},
Title = {The evolution of self-control.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {111},
Number = {20},
Pages = {E2140-E2148},
Year = {2014},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1323533111},
Abstract = {Cognition presents evolutionary research with one of its
greatest challenges. Cognitive evolution has been explained
at the proximate level by shifts in absolute and relative
brain volume and at the ultimate level by differences in
social and dietary complexity. However, no study has
integrated the experimental and phylogenetic approach at the
scale required to rigorously test these explanations.
Instead, previous research has largely relied on various
measures of brain size as proxies for cognitive abilities.
We experimentally evaluated these major evolutionary
explanations by quantitatively comparing the cognitive
performance of 567 individuals representing 36 species on
two problem-solving tasks measuring self-control.
Phylogenetic analysis revealed that absolute brain volume
best predicted performance across species and accounted for
considerably more variance than brain volume controlling for
body mass. This result corroborates recent advances in
evolutionary neurobiology and illustrates the cognitive
consequences of cortical reorganization through increases in
brain volume. Within primates, dietary breadth but not
social group size was a strong predictor of species
differences in self-control. Our results implicate robust
evolutionary relationships between dietary breadth, absolute
brain volume, and self-control. These findings provide a
significant first step toward quantifying the primate
cognitive phenome and explaining the process of cognitive
evolution.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1323533111},
Key = {fds323982}
}
@article{fds240834,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Brezine, C and Jolles, AE and Ezenwa,
VO},
Title = {Interactions between micro- and macroparasites predict
microparasite species richness across primates.},
Journal = {The American naturalist},
Volume = {183},
Number = {4},
Pages = {494-505},
Year = {2014},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0003-0147},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/675362},
Abstract = {Most wild animals face concurrent challenges by multiple
infectious organisms, and immunological responses triggered
by some parasites may increase susceptibility to other
infectious agents. Immune-mediated interactions among
parasites have been investigated among individuals in a
population, but less is known about broader comparative
patterns. We investigated the "macro-micro facilitation
hypothesis" that higher helminth prevalence in a host
species provides greater opportunities for intracellular
parasites to invade, resulting in higher richness of
intracellular microparasites. We obtained data on average
helminth prevalence for 70 primate hosts, along with data on
richness of intra- and extracellular infectious organisms.
Using Bayesian phylogenetic methods, we found that primate
species with higher overall helminth prevalence harbored
more species of intracellular microparasites, while the
positive association between helminth prevalence and
extracellular microparasite species richness was weaker. The
relationships held after controlling for potentially
confounding variables, but associations were not found in
focused tests of prevalence for six genera of well-studied
helminths. The magnitude of support and effect sizes for
overall helminth prevalence on intracellular microparasite
species richness was similar to support for other well
recognized ecological and life-history drivers of parasite
species richness. Our findings therefore suggest that
intrahost parasite interactions are as important as some
ecological characteristics of hosts in accounting for
parasite richness across host species.},
Doi = {10.1086/675362},
Key = {fds240834}
}
@article{fds240836,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Thrall, PH and Kappeler, PM},
Title = {Shared resources and disease dynamics in spatially
structured populations},
Journal = {Ecological Modelling},
Volume = {272},
Pages = {198-207},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0304-3800},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.10.004},
Abstract = {Infectious agents are likely to spread among animals that
live together, yet we know remarkably little about how
infectious agents move among social units. Sharing of
resources - such as shared waterholes during a dry season -
may provide an efficient route for the transmission of
infectious agents among different social groups, and thus
could represent an overlooked factor in understanding
disease risks in spatially structured populations. We
developed a spatially explicit individual-based model to
investigate a situation in which multiple individuals of a
single species converge at shared resources during periods
of resource scarcity (i.e., "lean seasons"). We simulated
the transmission of a fecally transmitted infectious agent
in a spatially explicit meta-population of 81 social groups
distributed on a square lattice. Time steps in the
simulation corresponded to "days," and we simulated disease
dynamics over 10 yearly cycles of normal and lean seasons.
The duration of the lean season varied across 1000
independent simulation runs, as did 12 other parameters
sampled from a Latin hypercube distribution. Seasonal
sharing of resources had marked effects on disease dynamics,
with increasing prevalence of the infectious agent as lean
season duration increased (and thus, duration of resource
sharing also increased). Infection patterns exhibited three
phases: an initial intermediate prevalence on the normal
season home range, a rapid increase in prevalence around the
shared resource during the lean season, and then a rapid
decline in prevalence upon returning to the normal season
range. These findings suggest that seasonal migration
increases disease risk when animals congregate around
resources, but enables them to escape soil-borne infectious
agents upon returning to their original home ranges. Thus,
seasonal sharing of resources has both negative and positive
effects on disease risk. © 2013 Elsevier
B.V.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.10.004},
Key = {fds240836}
}
@article{fds240832,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Scully, EJ and Kutsukake, N and Ostner, J and Schülke, O and Thrall, PH},
Title = {Mating Competition, Promiscuity, and Life History Traits as
Predictors of Sexually Transmitted Disease Risk in
Primates},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {35},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {764-786},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-014-9781-5},
Abstract = {Competition among males influences the distribution of
copulations and should therefore influence the spread of
sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). We developed a model
to investigate STDs in the mating and social systems found
in primates, and we tested predictions using comparative
methods. In the model, groups were distributed on a square
lattice in which males or females disperse and males undergo
characteristic dominance trajectories at maturity (challenge
vs. queuing). We investigated the impact of mating rate,
mating skew, migration rate of males or females, and group
size on disease spread and prevalence. The model generated
several predictions: 1) STD prevalence is higher in females
than males; 2) STD risk increases with copulation rate; 3)
high skew is negatively associated with STD risk; 4) STD
risk is higher for all individuals when females disperse and
5) when mortality rates are lower; and 6) reproductive skew
and later age of male dominance (queuing) produce more
strongly female-biased STD prevalence. In comparative tests,
we quantified STD risk as prevalence and richness of
sexually transmitted organisms at the host species level. We
found positive associations between host longevity and
higher STD richness, and only (nonsignificant) weak trends
for females to have higher STD prevalence. Mating skew
showed a weakly positive association with STD richness,
contrary to predictions of our model but consistent with
predictions from a previous model. In some tests, we also
found that female dispersal resulted in greater STD
infection risk. Collectively, these results demonstrate that
mating competition and demography influence patterns of STD
infection, with mortality rates having the strongest effects
in comparative tests. © 2014 Springer Science+Business
Media New York.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-014-9781-5},
Key = {fds240832}
}
@misc{fds322452,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Zhu, L},
Title = {Phylogenetic prediction to identify “evolutionary
singularities”},
Pages = {481-514},
Booktitle = {Modern Phylogenetic Comparative Methods and their
Application in Evolutionary Biology},
Publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9783662435496},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43550-2_21},
Abstract = {Understanding adaptive patterns is especially difficult in
the case of “evolutionary singularities,” i.e., traits
that evolved in only one lineage in the clade of interest.
New methods are needed to integrate our understanding of
general phenotypic correlations and convergence within a
clade when examining a single lineage in that clade. Here,
we develop and apply a new method to investigate change
along a single branch of an evolutionary tree; this method
can be applied to any branch on a phylogeny, typically
focusing on an a priori hypothesis for “exceptional
evolution” along particular branches, for example in
humans relative to other primates. Specifically, we use
phylogenetic methods to predict trait values for a tip on
the phylogeny based on a statistical (regression) model,
phylogenetic signal (λ), and evolutionary relationships
among species in the clade. We can then evaluate whether the
observed value departs from the predicted value. We provide
two worked examples in human evolution using original R
scripts that implement this concept in a Bayesian framework.
We also provide simulations that investigate the statistical
validity of the approach. While multiple approaches can and
should be used to investigate singularities in an
evolutionary context�”including studies of the rate of
phenotypic change along a branch�”our Bayesian approach
provides a way to place confidence on the predicted values
in light of uncertainty about the underlying evolutionary
and statistical parameters.},
Doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-43550-2_21},
Key = {fds322452}
}
@article{fds219014,
Author = {C.L. Nunn and C. Brezine and A. E. Jolles and V.O.
Ezenwa},
Title = {Interactions betwen micro- and macro-parasites predict
microparasite richness across primates.},
Journal = {American Naturalist},
Year = {2014},
Key = {fds219014}
}
@article{fds219017,
Author = {C.L. Nunn and P.H. Thrall and P. Kappeler},
Title = {Shared resources and disease dynamics in socially strucutred
populations.},
Journal = {Ecological Modeling},
Volume = {272},
Pages = {198-207},
Year = {2014},
Key = {fds219017}
}
@article{fds226205,
Author = {Nunn, C. L. and Scully, E. J. and Kutsukake, N. and Ostner, J. and Schülke, O. and Thrall, P. H.},
Title = {Mating Competition, Promiscuity, and Life History Traits as
Predictors of Sexually Transmitted Disease Risk in
Primates},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology,},
Pages = {1-23},
Year = {2014},
Key = {fds226205}
}
@article{fds240833,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Scully, EJ and Kutsukake, N and Ostner, J and Schülke, O and Thrall, PH},
Title = {Mating Competition, Promiscuity, and Life History Traits as
Predictors of Sexually Transmitted Disease Risk in
Primates},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {35},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {764-786},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2014},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-014-9781-5},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-014-9781-5},
Key = {fds240833}
}
@article{fds240896,
Author = {Matthews, LJ and Edmonds, J and Wildman, WJ and Nunn,
CL},
Title = {Cultural inheritance or cultural diffusion of religious
violence? A quantitative case study of the Radical
Reformation},
Journal = {Religion, Brain and Behavior},
Volume = {3},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3-15},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2013},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {2153-599X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2012.707388},
Abstract = {Religion throughout the historical record is consistently
associated with large-scale cooperative activities. These
cooperative activities sometimes involve coordinated acts of
violence, particularly against religious out-groups. Using
phylogenetic and social network analyses, we investigated
whether religious violence is inherited from parent
congregations or is acquired from contempora-neous purveyors
of violent ideologies. We examined these questions among
sixteenth-century Anabaptists, who constitute a prominent
historical system with both violent and pacifist
congregations. We found that ideology advocating violence
was typically inherited from parent congregations, while the
majority of other theological traits spread among
contemporaneous groups. Violent ideology may be learned
independently from most other characteristics of an overall
belief system, and/or it may be determined more by
congregationally inherited economic and political factors
than by theology. © 2013 Taylor & Francis.},
Doi = {10.1080/2153599X.2012.707388},
Key = {fds240896}
}
@article{fds240897,
Author = {Gómez, JM and Nunn, CL and Verdú, M},
Title = {Centrality in primate-parasite networks reveals the
potential for the transmission of emerging infectious
diseases to humans.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {110},
Number = {19},
Pages = {7738-7741},
Year = {2013},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1220716110},
Keywords = {ecological networks epidemiology},
Abstract = {Most emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) in humans have
arisen from animals. Identifying high-risk hosts is
therefore vital for the control and surveillance of these
diseases. Viewing hosts as connected through the parasites
they share, we use network tools to investigate predictors
of parasitism and sources of future EIDs. We generated
host-parasite networks that link hosts when they share a
parasite, using nonhuman primates as a model system
because--owing to their phylogenetic proximity and
ecological overlap with humans--they are an important source
of EIDs to humans. We then tested whether centrality in the
network of host species--a measurement of the importance of
a given node (i.e., host species) in the network--is
associated with that host serving as a potential EID source.
We found that centrality covaries with key predictors of
parasitism, such as population density and geographic range
size. Importantly, we also found that primate species having
higher values of centrality in the primate-parasite network
harbored more parasites identified as EIDs in humans and had
parasite communities more similar to those found in humans.
These relationships were robust to the use of different
centrality metrics and to multiple ways of controlling for
variation in how well each species has been studied (i.e.,
sampling effort). Centrality may therefore estimate the role
of a host as a source of EIDs to humans in other
multispecific host-parasite networks.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1220716110},
Key = {fds240897}
}
@article{fds240898,
Author = {Young, H and Griffin, RH and Wood, CL and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Does habitat disturbance increase infectious disease risk
for primates?},
Journal = {Ecology letters},
Volume = {16},
Number = {5},
Pages = {656-663},
Year = {2013},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1461-023X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12094},
Abstract = {Many studies have suggested that ecosystem conservation
protects human and wildlife populations against infectious
disease. We tested this hypothesis using data on primates
and their parasites. First, we tested for relationships
between species' resilience to human disturbance and their
parasite richness, prevalence and immune defences, but found
no associations. We then conducted a meta-analysis of the
effects of disturbance on parasite prevalence, which
revealed no overall effect, but a positive effect for one of
four types of parasites (indirectly transmitted parasites).
Finally, we conducted intraspecific analyses of malaria
prevalence as a function of mammalian species richness in
chimpanzees and gorillas, and an interspecific analysis of
geographic overlap and parasite species richness, finding
that higher levels of host richness favoured greater
parasite risk. These results suggest that anthropogenic
effects on disease transmission are complex, and highlight
the need to define the conditions under which environmental
change will increase or decrease disease
transmission.},
Doi = {10.1111/ele.12094},
Key = {fds240898}
}
@article{fds337332,
Author = {Cooper, N and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Identifying future zoonotic disease threats: Where are the
gaps in our understanding of primate infectious
diseases?},
Journal = {Evolution, Medicine and Public Health},
Volume = {2013},
Number = {1},
Pages = {27-36},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eot001},
Abstract = {Background and objectives: Emerging infectious diseases
often originate in wildlife, making it important to identify
infectious agents in wild populations. It is widely
acknowledged that wild animals are incompletely sampled for
infectious agents, especially in developing countries, but
it is unclear how much more sampling is needed, and where
that effort should focus in terms of host species and
geographic locations. Here, we identify these gaps in
primate parasites, many of which have already emerged as
threats to human health. Methodology: We obtained primate
host-parasite records and other variables from existing
databases. We then investigated sampling effort within
primates relative to their geographic range size, and within
countries relative to their primate species richness. We
used generalized linear models, controlling for phylogenetic
or spatial autocorrelation, to model variation in sampling
effort across primates and countries. Finally, we used
species richness estimators to extrapolate parasite species
richness. Results: We found uneven sampling effort within
all primate groups and continents. Sampling effort among
primates was influenced by their geographic range size and
substrate use, with terrestrial species receiving more
sampling. Our parasite species richness estimates suggested
that, among the best sampled primates and countries, almost
half of primate parasites remain to be sampled; for most
primate hosts, the situation is much worse. Conclusions and
implications: Sampling effort for primate parasites is
uneven and low. The sobering message is that we know little
about even the best studied primates, and even less
regarding the spatial and temporal distribution of
parasitism within species. © The Author(s) 2013. Published
by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Foundation for
Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health.},
Doi = {10.1093/emph/eot001},
Key = {fds337332}
}
@article{fds218713,
Author = {Cooper, N. and C.L. Nunn},
Title = {Identifying future zoonotic disease threats: Where are the
gaps in our understanding of primate infectious
diseases?},
Journal = {Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {27-36},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds218713}
}
@article{fds240894,
Author = {Cooper, N and Griffin, R and Franz, M and Omotayo, M and Nunn, CL and Fryxell, J},
Title = {Phylogenetic host specificity and understanding parasite
sharing in primates.},
Journal = {Ecology letters},
Volume = {15},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1370-1377},
Year = {2012},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1461-023X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01858.x},
Keywords = {Animals Host-Parasite Interactions* Humans Models,
Biological Parasitic Diseases Phylogeny* Primates
parasitology parasitology*},
Abstract = {Understanding how parasites are transmitted to new species
is of great importance for human health, agriculture and
conservation. However, it is still unclear why some
parasites are shared by many species, while others have only
one host. Using a new measure of 'phylogenetic host
specificity', we find that most primate parasites with more
than one host are phylogenetic generalists, infecting less
closely related primates than expected. Evolutionary models
suggest that phylogenetic host generalism is driven by a
mixture of host-parasite cospeciation and lower rates of
parasite extinction. We also show that phylogenetic
relatedness is important in most analyses, but fails to
fully explain patterns of parasite sharing among primates.
Host ecology and geographical distribution emerged as key
additional factors that influence contacts among hosts to
facilitate sharing. Greater understanding of these factors
is therefore crucial to improve our ability to predict
future infectious disease risks.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01858.x},
Key = {fds240894}
}
@article{fds240908,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Hare, B},
Title = {Pathogen flow: what we need to know.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {74},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1084-1087},
Year = {2012},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22070},
Keywords = {Animals Animals, Zoo Drug Resistance, Bacterial* Endangered
Species Humans Pan troglodytes Staphylococcal Infections
Staphylococcus aureus microbiology* pathogenicity*
transmission* veterinary},
Abstract = {Understanding how parasites are transmitted to new species
is of great importance for human health, agriculture and
conservation. However, it is still unclear why some
parasites are shared by many species, while others have only
one host. Using a new measure of 'phylogenetic host
specificity', we find that most primate parasites with more
than one host are phylogenetic generalists, infecting less
closely related primates than expected. Evolutionary models
suggest that phylogenetic host generalism is driven by a
mixture of host-parasite cospeciation and lower rates of
parasite extinction. We also show that phylogenetic
relatedness is important in most analyses, but fails to
fully explain patterns of parasite sharing among primates.
Host ecology and geographical distribution emerged as key
additional factors that influence contacts among hosts to
facilitate sharing. Greater understanding of these factors
is therefore crucial to improve our ability to predict
future infectious disease risks.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.22070},
Key = {fds240908}
}
@article{fds240895,
Author = {Garamszegi, LZ and Nunn, CL and McCabe, CM},
Title = {Informatics approaches to develop dynamic
meta-analyses},
Journal = {Evolutionary Ecology},
Volume = {26},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1275-1276},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2012},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0269-7653},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10682-012-9592-0},
Doi = {10.1007/s10682-012-9592-0},
Key = {fds240895}
}
@article{fds240892,
Author = {Griffin, RH and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Community structure and the spread of infectious disease in
primate social networks},
Journal = {Evolutionary Ecology},
Volume = {26},
Number = {4},
Pages = {779-800},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2012},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0269-7653},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10682-011-9526-2},
Abstract = {Living in a large social group is thought to increase
disease risk in wild animal populations, but comparative
studies have provided mixed support for this prediction.
Here, we take a social network perspective to investigate
whether patterns of social contact within groups influence
parasite risk. Specifically, increased modularity (i. e.
sub-grouping) in larger groups could offset the increased
disease risk associated with living in a large group. We
simulated the spread of a contagious pathogen in random
social networks to generate theoretically grounded
predictions concerning the relationship between social
network connectivity and the success of socially transmitted
pathogens. Simulations yielded the prediction that community
modularity (Q) negatively impacts parasite success. No clear
predictions emerged for a second network metric we
considered, the eigenvector centralization index (C), as the
relationship between this measure and parasite success
depended on the transmission probability of parasites. We
then tested the prediction that Q reduces parasite success
in a phylogenetic comparative analysis of social network
modularity and parasite richness across 19 primate species.
Using a Bayesian implementation of phylogenetic generalized
least squares and controlling for sampling effort, we found
that primates living in larger groups exhibited higher Q,
and as predicted by our simulations, higher Q was associated
with lower richness of socially transmitted parasites. This
suggests that increased modularity mediates the elevated
risk of parasitism associated with living in larger groups,
which could contribute to the inconsistent findings of
empirical studies on the association between group size and
parasite risk. Our results indicate that social networks may
play a role in mediating pressure from socially transmitted
parasites, particularly in large groups where opportunities
for transmitting communicable diseases are abundant. We
propose that parasite pressure in gregarious primates may
have favored the evolution of behaviors that increase social
network modularity, especially in large social groups. ©
2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10682-011-9526-2},
Key = {fds240892}
}
@article{fds240899,
Author = {Rifkin, JL and Nunn, CL and Garamszegi, LZ},
Title = {Do animals living in larger groups experience greater
parasitism? A meta-analysis.},
Journal = {The American naturalist},
Volume = {180},
Number = {1},
Pages = {70-82},
Year = {2012},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0003-0147},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000305086700009&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Keywords = {Animals Birds Fishes Host-Parasite Interactions Insects
Lizards Mammals Parasitic Diseases, Animal Phylogeny
Population Density Risk Spiders epidemiology
transmission*},
Abstract = {Parasitism is widely viewed as the primary cost of sociality
and a constraint on group size, yet studies report varied
associations between group size and parasitism. Using the
largest database of its kind, we performed a meta-analysis
of 69 studies of the relationship between group size and
parasite risk, as measured by parasitism and immune
defenses. We predicted a positive correlation between group
size and parasitism with organisms that show contagious and
environmental transmission and a negative correlation for
searching parasites, parasitoids, and possibly vector-borne
parasites (on the basis of the encounter-dilution effect).
Overall, we found a positive effect of group size (r =
0.187) that varied in magnitude across transmission modes
and measures of parasite risk, with only weak indications of
publication bias. Among different groups of hosts, we found
a stronger relationship between group size and parasite risk
in birds than in mammals, which may be driven by ecological
and social factors. A metaregression showed that effect
sizes increased with maximum group size. Phylogenetic
meta-analyses revealed no evidence for phylogenetic signal
in the strength of the group size-parasitism relationship.
We conclude that group size is a weak predictor of parasite
risk except in species that live in large aggregations, such
as colonial birds, in which effect sizes are
larger.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1086/666081},
Key = {fds240899}
}
@article{fds240890,
Author = {Ross, CF and Iriarte-Diaz, J and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Innovative Approaches to the Relationship Between Diet and
Mandibular Morphology in Primates},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {33},
Number = {3},
Pages = {632-660},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2012},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-012-9599-y},
Abstract = {Attempts to establish relationships between mandibular
morphology and either traditional dietary categories or
geometric and material properties of primate diets have not
been particularly successful. Using our conceptual framework
of the feeding factors impacting mandibular morphology, we
argue that this is because dietary categories and food
geometric and material properties affect mandibular
morphology only through intervening variables that are
currently poorly understood, i. e., feeding behavior,
mandibular loading, and stress and strain regimes. Our
studies of 3-dimensional jaw kinematics in macaques and
capuchins show that, although jaw movement profiles during
chewing are affected by food material properties and
species-level effects, patterns of jaw movements in these
two species are broadly similar. However, because mandibular
loading, stress, and strain regimes are determined by
interactions between feeding behavior (such as jaw
kinematics) and mandibular morphology, it is difficult to
say whether these similarities in chewing kinematics also
mean similarities in loading, stress, and strain.
Comparative analyses of the scaling of daily feeding time
and chew cycle duration reveal only weak support for the
hypothesis that larger primates chew more than smaller
primates. Consideration of these results suggests that
better data are needed on the relationship between dietary
categories, food material and geometric properties, the
amount of time/cycles associated with different feeding
behaviors (ingestion, premolar biting, mastication), and
mandible stress and strain patterns if we are to understand
fully relationships between mandibular morphology and diet
in primates. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media,
LLC.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-012-9599-y},
Key = {fds240890}
}
@article{fds240891,
Author = {Nunn, CL},
Title = {Primate disease ecology in comparative and theoretical
perspective.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {74},
Number = {6},
Pages = {497-509},
Year = {2012},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.21986},
Keywords = {Animals Behavior, Animal Ecology* Host-Parasite Interactions
Models, Biological Population Density Primate Diseases*
Primates* Research Social Behavior immunology microbiology
parasitology transmission virology},
Abstract = {Infectious disease plays a major role in the lives of wild
primates, and the past decade has witnessed significant
strides in our understanding of primate disease ecology. In
this review, I briefly describe some key findings from
phylogenetic comparative approaches, focusing on analyses of
parasite richness that use the Global Mammal Parasite
Database. While these studies have provided new answers to
fundamental questions, new questions have arisen, including
questions about the underlying epidemiological mechanisms
that produce the broader phylogenetic patterns. I discuss
two examples in which theoretical models have given us new
traction on these comparative questions. First, drawing on
findings of a positive association between range use
intensity and the richness of helminth parasites, we
developed a spatially explicit agent-based model to
investigate the underlying drivers of this pattern. From
this model, we are gaining deeper understanding of how range
use intensity results in greater exposure to parasites, thus
producing higher prevalence in the simulated
populations-and, plausibly, higher parasite richness in
comparative analyses. Second, I show how a model of disease
spread on social networks provides solid theoretical
foundations for understanding the effects of sociality and
group size on parasitism across primate species. This study
further revealed that larger social groups are more
subdivided, which should slow the spread of infectious
diseases. This effect could offset the increased disease
risk expected in larger social groups, which has yet to
receive strong empirical support in our comparative
analyses. In addition to these examples, I discuss the need
for more meta-analyses of individual-level phenomena
documented in the field, and for greater linkage between
theoretical modeling and field research.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.21986},
Key = {fds240891}
}
@article{fds240888,
Author = {Griffin, RH and Matthews, LJ and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Evolutionary disequilibrium and activity period in primates:
a bayesian phylogenetic approach.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {147},
Number = {3},
Pages = {409-416},
Year = {2012},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22008},
Keywords = {Animals Bayes Theorem Biological Evolution* Circadian Rhythm
Lemur Motor Activity Phylogeny* genetics
physiology*},
Abstract = {Activity period plays a central role in studies of primate
origins and adaptations, yet fundamental questions remain
concerning the evolutionary history of primate activity
period. Lemurs are of particular interest because they
display marked variation in activity period, with some
species exhibiting completely nocturnal or diurnal
lifestyles, and others distributing activity throughout the
24-h cycle (i.e., cathemerality). Some lines of evidence
suggest that cathemerality in lemurs is a recent and
transient evolutionary state (i.e., the evolutionary
disequilibrium hypothesis), while other studies indicate
that cathemerality is a stable evolutionary strategy with a
more ancient history. Debate also surrounds activity period
in early primate evolution, with some recent studies casting
doubt on the traditional hypothesis that basal primates were
nocturnal. Here, we used Bayesian phylogenetic methods to
reconstruct activity period at key points in primate
evolution. Counter to the evolutionary disequilibrium
hypothesis, the most recent common ancestor of Eulemur was
reconstructed as cathemeral at ∼9-13 million years ago,
indicating that cathemerality in lemurs is a stable
evolutionary strategy. We found strong evidence favoring a
nocturnal ancestor for all primates, strepsirrhines and
lemurs, which adds to previous findings based on parsimony
by providing quantitative support for these reconstructions.
Reconstructions for the haplorrhine ancestor were more
equivocal, but diurnality was favored for simian primates.
We discuss the implications of our models for the
evolutionary disequilibrium hypothesis, and we identify
avenues for future research that would provide new insights
into the evolution of cathemerality in lemurs.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22008},
Key = {fds240888}
}
@article{fds240921,
Author = {MacLean, EL and Matthews, LJ and Hare, BA and Nunn, CL and Anderson, RC and Aureli, F and Brannon, EM and Call, J and Drea, CM and Emery, NJ and Haun,
DBM and Herrmann, E and Jacobs, LF and Platt, ML and Rosati, AG and Sandel,
AA and Schroepfer, KK and Seed, AM and Tan, J and van Schaik, CP and Wobber, V},
Title = {How does cognition evolve? Phylogenetic comparative
psychology.},
Journal = {Anim Cogn},
Volume = {15},
Number = {2},
Pages = {223-238},
Year = {2012},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1435-9456},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21927850},
Keywords = {Animals Behavioral Research Biological Evolution Cognition*
Hominidae Phylogeny* Primates Psychology, Comparative*
physiology psychology},
Abstract = {Now more than ever animal studies have the potential to test
hypotheses regarding how cognition evolves. Comparative
psychologists have developed new techniques to probe the
cognitive mechanisms underlying animal behavior, and they
have become increasingly skillful at adapting methodologies
to test multiple species. Meanwhile, evolutionary biologists
have generated quantitative approaches to investigate the
phylogenetic distribution and function of phenotypic traits,
including cognition. In particular, phylogenetic methods can
quantitatively (1) test whether specific cognitive abilities
are correlated with life history (e.g., lifespan),
morphology (e.g., brain size), or socio-ecological variables
(e.g., social system), (2) measure how strongly phylogenetic
relatedness predicts the distribution of cognitive skills
across species, and (3) estimate the ancestral state of a
given cognitive trait using measures of cognitive
performance from extant species. Phylogenetic methods can
also be used to guide the selection of species comparisons
that offer the strongest tests of a priori predictions of
cognitive evolutionary hypotheses (i.e., phylogenetic
targeting). Here, we explain how an integration of
comparative psychology and evolutionary biology will answer
a host of questions regarding the phylogenetic distribution
and history of cognitive traits, as well as the evolutionary
processes that drove their evolution.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-011-0448-8},
Key = {fds240921}
}
@article{fds240893,
Author = {Cooper, N and Kamilar, JM and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Host longevity and parasite species richness in
mammals.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {7},
Number = {8},
Pages = {e42190},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1932-6203},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042190},
Keywords = {Analysis of Variance Animals Biodiversity* Host-Parasite
Interactions Least-Squares Analysis Leukocyte Count
Longevity Mammals Parasites Phylogeny Species Specificity
blood genetics parasitology* physiology*},
Abstract = {Hosts and parasites co-evolve, with each lineage exerting
selective pressures on the other. Thus, parasites may
influence host life-history characteristics, such as
longevity, and simultaneously host life-history may
influence parasite diversity. If parasite burden causes
increased mortality, we expect a negative association
between host longevity and parasite species richness.
Alternatively, if long-lived species represent a more stable
environment for parasite establishment, host longevity and
parasite species richness may show a positive association.
We tested these two opposing predictions in carnivores,
primates and terrestrial ungulates using phylogenetic
comparative methods and controlling for the potentially
confounding effects of sampling effort and body mass. We
also tested whether increased host longevity is associated
with increased immunity, using white blood cell counts as a
proxy for immune investment. Our analyses revealed weak
relationships between parasite species richness and
longevity. We found a significant negative relationship
between longevity and parasite species richness for
ungulates, but no significant associations in carnivores or
primates. We also found no evidence for a relationship
between immune investment and host longevity in any of our
three groups. Our results suggest that greater parasite
burden is linked to higher host mortality in ungulates.
Thus, shorter-lived ungulates may be more vulnerable to
disease outbreaks, which has implications for ungulate
conservation, and may be applicable to other short-lived
mammals.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0042190},
Key = {fds240893}
}
@misc{fds376725,
Author = {Nunn, C},
Title = {Phylogenetic Comparative Methods and Sleep},
Volume = {1-2},
Pages = {V2-495-V2-497},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Sleep and Dreams: the Evolution, Function,
Nature, and Mysteries of Slumber: Volume
1-2},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780313386640},
Key = {fds376725}
}
@article{fds325291,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Rifkin, JL and Garamszegi, LZ and Collin,
M},
Title = {Do parasites constrain group size? A phylogenetic
comparative study and meta-analysis.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {147},
Pages = {226-226},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds325291}
}
@article{fds240889,
Author = {Organ, C and Nunn, CL and Machanda, Z and Wrangham,
RW},
Title = {Phylogenetic rate shifts in feeding time during the
evolution of Homo.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {108},
Number = {35},
Pages = {14555-14559},
Year = {2011},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1107806108},
Keywords = {Animals Biological Evolution* Body Size Feeding Behavior*
Hominidae Humans Phylogeny classification*},
Abstract = {Unique among animals, humans eat a diet rich in cooked and
nonthermally processed food. The ancestors of modern humans
who invented food processing (including cooking) gained
critical advantages in survival and fitness through
increased caloric intake. However, the time and manner in
which food processing became biologically significant are
uncertain. Here, we assess the inferred evolutionary
consequences of food processing in the human lineage by
applying a Bayesian phylogenetic outlier test to a
comparative dataset of feeding time in humans and nonhuman
primates. We find that modern humans spend an order of
magnitude less time feeding than predicted by phylogeny and
body mass (4.7% vs. predicted 48% of daily activity). This
result suggests that a substantial evolutionary rate change
in feeding time occurred along the human branch after the
human-chimpanzee split. Along this same branch, Homo erectus
shows a marked reduction in molar size that is followed by a
gradual, although erratic, decline in H. sapiens. We show
that reduction in molar size in early Homo (H. habilis and
H. rudolfensis) is explicable by phylogeny and body size
alone. By contrast, the change in molar size to H. erectus,
H. neanderthalensis, and H. sapiens cannot be explained by
the rate of craniodental and body size evolution. Together,
our results indicate that the behaviorally driven
adaptations of food processing (reduced feeding time and
molar size) originated after the evolution of Homo but
before or concurrent with the evolution of H. erectus, which
was around 1.9 Mya.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1107806108},
Key = {fds240889}
}
@article{fds240886,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Ezenwa, VO and Arnold, C and Koenig,
WD},
Title = {Mutualism or parasitism? Using a phylogenetic approach to
characterize the oxpecker-ungulate relationship.},
Journal = {Evolution; international journal of organic
evolution},
Volume = {65},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1297-1304},
Year = {2011},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0014-3820},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01212.x},
Keywords = {Africa Animals Body Size Epidermis Feeding Behavior
Host-Parasite Interactions Mammals Phylogeny Songbirds
Symbiosis* Ticks genetics parasitology* physiology
physiology*},
Abstract = {With their striking predilection for perching on African
ungulates and eating their ticks, yellow-billed (Buphagus
africanus) and red-billed oxpeckers (B. erythrorhynchus)
represent one of the few potentially mutualistic
relationships among vertebrates. The nature of the
oxpecker-ungulate relationship remains uncertain, however,
because oxpeckers are known to consume ungulate tissues,
suggesting that the relationship between oxpeckers and
ungulates may also be parasitic. To examine this issue
further, we obtained data on oxpecker preferences for
different ungulate species, the abundance of ticks on these
ungulates, and ungulate hide thickness. In support of the
mutualism hypothesis, we found that both species of
oxpeckers prefer ungulate hosts that harbor a higher
abundance of ticks. We found no evidence that hide
thickness-a measure of the potential for parasitism by
oxpeckers-predicts oxpecker preferences for different
ungulate species. Oxpeckers also prefer larger-bodied
ungulates, possibly because larger animals have more ticks,
provide a more stable platform upon which to forage, or
support more oxpeckers feeding simultaneously. However, the
preference for ungulates with greater tick abundance was
independent of host body mass. These results support the
hypothesis that the relationship between oxpeckers and
ungulates is primarily mutualistic.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01212.x},
Key = {fds240886}
}
@article{fds240887,
Author = {Acerbi, A and Tennie, C and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Modeling imitation and emulation in constrained search
spaces.},
Journal = {Learning & behavior},
Volume = {39},
Number = {2},
Pages = {104-114},
Year = {2011},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1543-4494},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13420-010-0009-z},
Keywords = {Computer Simulation* Imitative Behavior* Learning* Models,
Psychological* Psychomotor Performance Social Behavior*
Social Environment*},
Abstract = {Social transmission of behavior can be realized through
distinct mechanisms. Research on primate social learning
typically distinguishes two forms of information that a
learner can extract from a demonstrator: copying actions
(defined as imitation) or copying only the consequential
results (defined as emulation). We propose a decomposition
of these learning mechanisms (plus pure individual learning)
that incorporates the core idea that social learning can be
represented as a search for an optimal behavior that is
constrained by different kinds of information. We illustrate
our approach with an individual-based model in which
individuals solve tasks in abstract "spaces" that represent
behavioral actions, results, and benefits of those results.
Depending on the learning mechanisms at their disposal,
individuals have differential access to the information
conveyed in these spaces. We show how different classes of
tasks may provide distinct advantages to individuals with
different learning mechanisms and discuss how our approach
contributes to current empirical and theoretical research on
social learning and culture.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.3758/s13420-010-0009-z},
Key = {fds240887}
}
@article{fds240885,
Author = {Matthews, LJ and Arnold, C and Machanda, Z and Nunn,
CL},
Title = {Primate extinction risk and historical patterns of
speciation and extinction in relation to body
mass.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {278},
Number = {1709},
Pages = {1256-1263},
Year = {2011},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1471-2954},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1489},
Keywords = {Animals Biodiversity Body Size* Extinction, Biological*
Fossils Genetic Speciation* Phylogeny Primates Uncertainty
anatomy & histology* physiology},
Abstract = {Body mass is thought to influence diversification rates, but
previous studies have produced ambiguous results. We
investigated patterns of diversification across 100 trees
obtained from a new Bayesian inference of primate phylogeny
that sampled trees in proportion to their posterior
probabilities. First, we used simulations to assess the
validity of previous studies that used linear models to
investigate the links between IUCN Red List status and body
mass. These analyses support the use of linear models for
ordinal ranked data on threat status, and phylogenetic
generalized linear models revealed a significant positive
correlation between current extinction risk and body mass
across our tree block. We then investigated historical
patterns of speciation and extinction rates using a recently
developed maximum-likelihood method. Specifically, we
predicted that body mass correlates positively with
extinction rate because larger bodied organisms reproduce
more slowly, and body mass correlates negatively with
speciation rate because smaller bodied organisms are better
able to partition niche space. We failed to find evidence
that extinction rates covary with body mass across primate
phylogeny. Similarly, the speciation rate was generally
unrelated to body mass, except in some tests that indicated
an increase in the speciation rate with increasing body
mass. Importantly, we discovered that our data violated a
key assumption of sample randomness with respect to body
mass. After correcting for this bias, we found no
association between diversification rates and
mass.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2010.1489},
Key = {fds240885}
}
@article{fds240906,
Author = {Matthews, LJ and Tehrani, JJ and Jordan, FM and Collard, M and Nunn,
CL},
Title = {Testing for divergent transmission histories among cultural
characters: a study using Bayesian phylogenetic methods and
Iranian tribal textile data.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {6},
Number = {4},
Pages = {e14810},
Year = {2011},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1932-6203},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000290024700002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Keywords = {Animals Anthropology Archaeology Bayes Theorem Cultural
Evolution* Culture Humans Iran Models, Theoretical Phylogeny
Sequence Alignment Sequence Analysis, DNA Textiles*
methods},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Archaeologists and anthropologists have
long recognized that different cultural complexes may have
distinct descent histories, but they have lacked analytical
techniques capable of easily identifying such incongruence.
Here, we show how bayesian phylogenetic analysis can be used
to identify incongruent cultural histories. We employ the
approach to investigate Iranian tribal textile
traditions.<h4>Methods</h4>We used bayes factor comparisons
in a phylogenetic framework to test two models of cultural
evolution: the hierarchically integrated system hypothesis
and the multiple coherent units hypothesis. In the
hierarchically integrated system hypothesis, a core
tradition of characters evolves through descent with
modification and characters peripheral to the core are
exchanged among contemporaneous populations. In the multiple
coherent units hypothesis, a core tradition does not exist.
Rather, there are several cultural units consisting of sets
of characters that have different histories of
descent.<h4>Results</h4>For the Iranian textiles, the
bayesian phylogenetic analyses supported the multiple
coherent units hypothesis over the hierarchically integrated
system hypothesis. Our analyses suggest that pile-weave
designs represent a distinct cultural unit that has a
different phylogenetic history compared to other textile
characters.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The results from the Iranian
textiles are consistent with the available ethnographic
evidence, which suggests that the commercial rug market has
influenced pile-rug designs but not the techniques or
designs incorporated in the other textiles produced by the
tribes. We anticipate that bayesian phylogenetic tests for
inferring cultural units will be of great value for
researchers interested in studying the evolution of cultural
traits including language, behavior, and material
culture.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0014810},
Key = {fds240906}
}
@article{fds240880,
Author = {Garamszegi, LZ and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Parasite-mediated evolution of the functional part of the
MHC in primates.},
Journal = {Journal of evolutionary biology},
Volume = {24},
Number = {1},
Pages = {184-195},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1010-061X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02156.x},
Keywords = {Animals Biodiversity Body Size Evolution, Molecular* Exons
Genetic Drift Geography Host-Parasite Interactions Major
Histocompatibility Complex Nematoda Phylogeny Polymorphism,
Genetic* Population Density Primates genetics* parasitology
physiology*},
Abstract = {The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a key model of
genetic polymorphism, but the mechanisms underlying its
extreme variability are debated. Most hypotheses for MHC
diversity focus on pathogen-driven selection and predict
that MHC polymorphism evolves under the pressure of a
diverse parasite fauna. Several studies reported that
certain alleles offer protection against certain parasites,
yet it remains unclear whether variation in parasite
pressure more generally covaries with allelic diversity and
rates of molecular evolution of MHC across species. We
tested this prediction in a comparative study of 41 primate
species. We characterized polymorphism of the exon 2 of DRB
region of the MHC class II. Our phylogenetic analyses
controlled for the potential effects of neutral mutation
rate, population size, geographic origin and body mass and
revealed that nematode species richness associates
positively with nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution rate
at the functional part of the molecule. We failed to find
evidence for allelic diversity being strongly related to
parasite species richness. Continental distribution was a
strong predictor of both allelic diversity and substitution
rate, with higher values in Malagasy and Neotropical
primates. These results indicate that parasite pressure can
influence the different estimates of MHC polymorphism,
whereas geography plays an independent role in the natural
history of MHC.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02156.x},
Key = {fds240880}
}
@article{fds240881,
Author = {Carnes, LM and Nunn, CL and Lewis, RJ},
Title = {Effects of the distribution of female primates on the number
of males.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {6},
Number = {5},
Pages = {e19853},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1932-6203},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019853},
Keywords = {Animals Bayes Theorem Female Male Phylogeny Population
Primates Reproduction* Sex Distribution* Sexual Behavior,
Animal* Territoriality},
Abstract = {The spatiotemporal distribution of females is thought to
drive variation in mating systems, and hence plays a central
role in understanding animal behavior, ecology and
evolution. Previous research has focused on investigating
the links between female spatiotemporal distribution and the
number of males in haplorhine primates. However, important
questions remain concerning the importance of spatial
cohesion, the generality of the pattern across haplorhine
and strepsirrhine primates, and the consistency of previous
findings given phylogenetic uncertainty. To address these
issues, we examined how the spatiotemporal distribution of
females influences the number of males in primate groups
using an expanded comparative dataset and recent advances in
bayesian phylogenetic and statistical methods. Specifically,
we investigated the effect of female distributional factors
(female number, spatial cohesion, estrous synchrony,
breeding season duration and breeding seasonality) on the
number of males in primate groups. Using bayesian approaches
to control for uncertainty in phylogeny and the model of
trait evolution, we found that the number of females exerted
a strong influence on the number of males in primate groups.
In a multiple regression model that controlled for female
number, we found support for temporal effects, particularly
involving female estrous synchrony: the number of males
increases when females are more synchronously receptive.
Similarly, the number of males increases in species with
shorter birth seasons, suggesting that greater breeding
seasonality makes defense of females more difficult for male
primates. When comparing primate suborders, we found only
weak evidence for differences in traits between haplorhines
and strepsirrhines, and including suborder in the
statistical models did not affect our conclusions or give
compelling evidence for different effects in haplorhines and
strepsirrhines. Collectively, these results demonstrate that
male monopolization is driven primarily by the number of
females in groups, and secondarily by synchrony of female
reproduction within groups.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0019853},
Key = {fds240881}
}
@article{fds240883,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Thrall, PH and Leendertz, FH and Boesch,
C},
Title = {The spread of fecally transmitted parasites in
socially-structured populations.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {6},
Number = {6},
Pages = {e21677},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1932-6203},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021677},
Keywords = {Animals Feces Host-Parasite Interactions Humans Models,
Theoretical Parasitic Diseases parasitology*
transmission},
Abstract = {Mammals are infected by a wide array of gastrointestinal
parasites, including parasites that also infect humans and
domesticated animals. Many of these parasites are acquired
through contact with infectious stages present in soil,
feces or vegetation, suggesting that ranging behavior will
have a major impact on their spread. We developed an
individual-based spatial simulation model to investigate how
range use intensity, home range overlap, and defecation rate
impact the spread of fecally transmitted parasites in a
population composed of social groups (i.e., a socially
structured population). We also investigated the effects of
epidemiological parameters involving host and parasite
mortality rates, transmissibility, disease-related
mortality, and group size. The model was spatially explicit
and involved the spillover of a gastrointestinal parasite
from a reservoir population along the edge of a simulated
reserve, which was designed to mimic the introduction
pathogens into protected areas. Animals ranged randomly
within a "core" area, with biased movement toward the range
center when outside the core. We systematically varied model
parameters using a Latin hypercube sampling design. Analyses
of simulation output revealed a strong positive association
between range use intensity and the prevalence of infection.
Moreover, the effects of range use intensity were similar in
magnitude to effects of group size, mortality rates, and the
per-contact probability of transmission. Defecation rate
covaried positively with gastrointestinal parasite
prevalence. Greater home range overlap had no positive
effects on prevalence, with a smaller core resulting in less
range overlap yet more intensive use of the home range and
higher prevalence. Collectively, our results reveal that
parasites with fecal-oral transmission spread effectively in
socially structured populations. Future application should
focus on parameterizing the model with empirically derived
ranging behavior for different species or populations and
data on transmission characteristics of different infectious
organisms.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0021677},
Key = {fds240883}
}
@article{fds240884,
Author = {Acerbi, A and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Predation and the phasing of sleep: An evolutionary
individual-based model},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {81},
Number = {4},
Pages = {801-811},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.01.015},
Abstract = {All mammals thus far studied sleep, yet important questions
remain concerning the ecological factors that influence
sleep patterns. Here, we developed an evolutionary
individual-based model to investigate the effect of
predation pressure on prey sleep. We investigated three
ecological conditions, including one that assumed a dynamic
interaction between predator and prey behaviour. In
condition 1, we found that monophasic predators (i.e. with
one sleep bout per 24. h) select for monophasic prey that
sleep perfectly out of phase with predators. In condition 2,
predators were monophasic but the safety of prey varied as a
function of their activity (sleeping versus awake). In this
condition, the prey adjusted their sleeping behaviour to
lower the risk of predation. Finally, in condition 3, we
modelled a more dynamic interaction between predator and
prey, with predator activity dependent on prey activity in
the previous hour. In this scenario, the prey adjusted their
behaviour relative to one another, resulting in either
greater or lesser synchrony in prey as a function of
predator searching behaviour. Collectively, our model
demonstrates that predator behaviour can have a strong
influence on prey sleep patterns, including whether prey are
monophasic or polyphasic (i.e. with many sleep bouts per 24.
h). The model further suggests that the timing of sleep
relative to predator behaviour may depend strongly on how
other potential prey partition the activity period. © 2011
The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.01.015},
Key = {fds240884}
}
@book{fds219085,
Author = {C.L. Nunn},
Title = {The Comparative Approach in Evolutionary Anthropology and
Biology.},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds219085}
}
@article{fds218719,
Author = {C.L. Nunn},
Title = {The Comparative Approach in Evolutionary Anthropology and
Biology},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds218719}
}
@article{fds240879,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Arnold, C and Matthews, L and Borgerhoff Mulder,
M},
Title = {Simulating trait evolution for cross-cultural
comparison.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {365},
Number = {1559},
Pages = {3807-3819},
Year = {2010},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0962-8436},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0009},
Keywords = {Cross-Cultural Comparison* Cultural Evolution* Humans
Models, Theoretical Phylogeny Reproducibility of
Results},
Abstract = {Cross-cultural anthropologists have increasingly used
phylogenetic methods to study cultural variation. Because
cultural behaviours can be transmitted horizontally among
socially defined groups, however, it is important to assess
whether phylogeny-based methods--which were developed to
study vertically transmitted traits among biological
taxa--are appropriate for studying group-level cultural
variation. Here, we describe a spatially explicit simulation
model that can be used to generate data with known degrees
of horizontal donation. We review previous results from this
model showing that horizontal transmission increases the
type I error rate of phylogenetically independent contrasts
in studies of correlated evolution. These conclusions apply
to cases in which two traits are transmitted as a pair, but
horizontal transmission may be less problematic when traits
are unlinked. We also use the simulation model to
investigate whether measures of homology (the consistency
index and the retention index) can detect horizontal
transmission of cultural traits. Higher rates of
evolutionary change have a stronger depressive impact on
measures of homology than higher rates of horizontal
transmission; thus, low consistency or retention indices are
not necessarily indicative of 'ethnogenesis'. Collectively,
these studies demonstrate the importance of using
simulations to assess the validity of methods in
cross-cultural research.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2010.0009},
Key = {fds240879}
}
@article{fds240878,
Author = {Arnold, C and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Phylogenetic targeting of research effort in evolutionary
biology.},
Journal = {The American naturalist},
Volume = {176},
Number = {5},
Pages = {601-612},
Year = {2010},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0003-0147},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/656490},
Keywords = {Adaptation, Biological Algorithms Biological Evolution
Computer Simulation Ecology Models, Biological* Phylogeny*
Software methods*},
Abstract = {Many questions in comparative biology require that new data
be collected, either to build a comparative database for the
first time or to augment existing data. Given resource
limitations in collecting data, the question arises as to
which species should be studied to increase the size of
comparative data sets. By taking hypotheses, existing data
relevant to the hypotheses, and a phylogeny, we show that a
method of “phylogenetic targeting” can systematically
guide data collection while taking into account potentially
confounding variables and competing hypotheses. Phylogenetic
targeting selects potential candidates for future data
collection, using a flexible scoring system based on
differences in pairwise comparisons. We used simulations to
assess the performance of phylogenetic targeting, as
compared with the less systematic approach of randomly
selecting species (as might occur when data have been
collected without regard to phylogeny and variation in the
traits of interest). The simulations revealed that
phylogenetic targeting increased the statistical power to
detect correlations and that power increased with the number
of species in the tree, even when the number of species
studied was held constant. We also developed a Web‐based
computer program called PhyloTargeting to implement the
approach ( http://phylotargeting.fas.harvard.edu
).},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1086/656490},
Key = {fds240878}
}
@article{fds240877,
Author = {Franz, M and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Investigating the impact of observation errors on the
statistical performance of network-based diffusion
analysis.},
Journal = {Learning & behavior},
Volume = {38},
Number = {3},
Pages = {235-242},
Year = {2010},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {1543-4494},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/lb.38.3.235},
Keywords = {Animals Behavior, Animal* Bias (Epidemiology) Computer
Simulation Data Collection Data Interpretation, Statistical*
Learning* Likelihood Functions Models, Statistical
Probability Research Design Social Environment* statistics &
numerical data statistics & numerical data*},
Abstract = {Experiments in captivity have provided evidence for social
learning, but it remains challenging to demonstrate social
learning in the wild. Recently, we developed network-based
diffusion analysis (NBDA; 2009) as a new approach to
inferring social learning from observational data. NBDA fits
alternative models of asocial and social learning to the
diffusion of a behavior through time, where the potential
for social learning is related to a social network. Here, we
investigate the performance of NBDA in relation to variation
in group size, network heterogeneity, observer sampling
errors, and duration of trait diffusion. We find that
observation errors, when severe enough, can lead to
increased Type I error rates in detecting social learning.
However, elevated Type I error rates can be prevented by
coding the observed times of trait acquisition into larger
time units. Collectively, our results provide further
guidance to applying NBDA and demonstrate that the method is
more robust to sampling error than initially expected.
Supplemental materials for this article may be downloaded
from http://lb.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.3758/lb.38.3.235},
Key = {fds240877}
}
@article{fds240910,
Author = {Lindenfors, P and Revell, LJ and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Sexual dimorphism in primate aerobic capacity: a
phylogenetic test.},
Journal = {Journal of evolutionary biology},
Volume = {23},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1183-1194},
Year = {2010},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1010-061X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000277710100007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Keywords = {Animals Female Male Phylogeny Physical Conditioning, Animal*
Primates Sex Characteristics* Species Specificity
classification physiology*},
Abstract = {Male intrasexual competition should favour increased male
physical prowess. This should in turn result in greater
aerobic capacity in males than in females (i.e. sexual
dimorphism) and a correlation between sexual dimorphism in
aerobic capacity and the strength of sexual selection among
species. However, physiological scaling laws predict that
aerobic capacity should be lower per unit body mass in
larger than in smaller animals, potentially reducing or
reversing the sex difference and its association with
measures of sexual selection. We used measures of
haematocrit and red blood cell (RBC) counts from 45 species
of primates to test four predictions related to sexual
selection and body mass: (i) on average, males should have
higher aerobic capacity than females, (ii) aerobic capacity
should be higher in adult than juvenile males, (iii) aerobic
capacity should increase with increasing sexual selection,
but also that (iv) measures of aerobic capacity should
co-vary negatively with body mass. For the first two
predictions, we used a phylogenetic paired t-test developed
for this study. We found support for predictions (i) and
(ii). For prediction (iii), however, we found a negative
correlation between the degree of sexual selection and
aerobic capacity, which was opposite to our prediction.
Prediction (iv) was generally supported. We also
investigated whether substrate use, basal metabolic rate and
agility influenced physiological measures of oxygen
transport, but we found only weak evidence for a correlation
between RBC count and agility.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.01983.x},
Key = {fds240910}
}
@article{fds240876,
Author = {Arnold, C and Matthews, LJ and Nunn, CL},
Title = {The 10kTrees website: A new online resource for primate
phylogeny},
Journal = {Evolutionary Anthropology},
Volume = {19},
Number = {3},
Pages = {114-118},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2010},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1060-1538},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.20251},
Abstract = {The comparative method plays a central role in efforts to
uncover the adaptive basis for primate behaviors,
morphological traits, and cognitive abilities.1-4 The
comparative method has been used, for example, to infer that
living in a larger group selects for a larger neocortex,5,6
that primate territoriality favors a longer day range
relative to home range size,7 and that sperm competition can
account for the evolution of primate testes size.8,9
Comparison is fundamental for reconstructing behavioral
traits in the fossil record, for example, in studies of
locomotion and diet.10-13 Recent advances in comparative
methods require phylogenetic information,2,14-16 but our
knowledge of phylogenetic information is imperfect. In the
face of uncertainty about evolutionary relationships, which
phylogeny should one use? Here we provide a new resource for
comparative studies of primates that enables users to run
comparative analyses on multiple primate phylogenies.
Importantly, the 10,000 trees that we provide are not
random, but instead use recent systematic methods to create
a plausible set of topologies that reflect our certainty
about some nodes on the tree and uncertainty about other
nodes, given the dataset. The trees also reflect uncertainty
about branch lengths. © 2010 Wiley-Liss,
Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.20251},
Key = {fds240876}
}
@article{fds240817,
Author = {Nunn, C and Altizer, S},
Title = {Infectious Diseases in Primates: Behavior, Ecology and
Evolution},
Journal = {Infectious Diseases in Primates: Behavior, Ecology and
Evolution},
Pages = {1-400},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Year = {2010},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198565857.001.0001},
Abstract = {Recent progress in the field of wildlife disease ecology
demonstrates that infectious disease plays a crucial role in
the lives of wild animals. Parasites and pathogens should be
especially important for social animals in which high
contact among individuals increases the potential for
disease spread. As one of the best studied mammalian groups,
primates offer a unique opportunity to examine how complex
behaviours (including social organization) influence the
risk of acquiring infectious diseases, and the defences used
by animals to avoid infection. This book explores the
correlates of disease risk in primates, including not only
social and mating behaviour but also diet, habitat use, life
history, geography and phylogeny. The authors examine how a
core set of host and parasite traits influence patterns of
parasitism at three levels of biological organization: among
individuals, among populations, and across species. A major
goal is to synthesize, for the first time, four disparate
areas of research: primate behavioural ecology, parasite
biology, wildlife epidemiology, and the behavioural and
immune defences employed by animals to counter infectious
disease. Throughout, the authors provide an overview of the
remarkable diversity of infectious agents found in wild
primate populations. Additional chapters consider how
knowledge of infectious diseases in wild primates can inform
efforts focused on primate conservation and human health.
More generally, this book identifies infectious disease as
an important frontier in our understanding of primate
behaviour and ecology. It highlights future challenges for
testing the links between host and parasite traits,
including hypotheses for the effects of disease on primate
social and mating systems.},
Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198565857.001.0001},
Key = {fds240817}
}
@article{fds219025,
Author = {S. Junglen and A. Kurth and H. Kuehl and P.L. Quan and H. Ellerbrok and G.
Pauli, C.L.Nunn and L.-M. Liu and S.M. Rich and W. Lipkin and T. Briese and F.H. Leendertz},
Title = {Relative distribution of mosquito genera and frequency of
virus infection differ in mosquitoes of disturbed and
undisturbed rainforest areas.},
Journal = {Ecohealth},
Volume = {6},
Pages = {239- 250},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds219025}
}
@misc{fds219535,
Author = {M. E. Hopkins and C.L. Nunn},
Title = {Gap analysis and the geographical distribution of
parasites},
Pages = {129-142},
Booktitle = {The Biogeography of Host- Parasite Interactions},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds219535}
}
@article{fds240873,
Author = {Clauss, M and Nunn, C and Fritz, J and Hummel, J},
Title = {Evidence for a tradeoff between retention time and chewing
efficiency in large mammalian herbivores.},
Journal = {Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular &
integrative physiology},
Volume = {154},
Number = {3},
Pages = {376-382},
Year = {2009},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1095-6433},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.07.016},
Abstract = {Large body size is thought to produce a digestive advantage
through different scaling effects of gut capacity and food
intake, with supposedly longer digesta retention times in
larger animals. However, empirical tests of this framework
have remained equivocal, which we hypothesize is because
previous comparative studies have not included digesta
particle size. Larger particles require more time for
digestion, and if digesta particle size increases with body
mass, it could explain the lack of digestive advantage in
larger herbivores. We combine data on body mass, food
intake, digesta retention and digestibility with data on
faecal particle size (as a proxy for digesta particle size)
in 21 mammalian herbivore species. Multiple regression shows
that fibre digestibility is independent of body mass but
dependent on digesta retention and particle size; the
resulting equation indicates that retention time and
particle size can compensate for each other. Similarly,
digestible food intake is independent of body mass, but
dependent on food intake, digesta retention, and particle
size. For mammalian herbivores, increasing digesta retention
and decreasing digesta particle size are viable strategies
to enhance digestive performance and energy intake. Because
the strategy of increased digesta retention is usually
linked to reduced food intake, the high selective pressure
to evolve a more efficient dentition or a physiological
particle separation mechanism that facilitates repeated
mastication of digesta (rumination) becomes
understandable.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.07.016},
Key = {fds240873}
}
@article{fds240875,
Author = {Fritz, J and Hummel, J and Kienzle, E and Arnold, C and Nunn, C and Clauss,
M},
Title = {Comparative chewing efficiency in mammalian
herbivores},
Journal = {Oikos},
Volume = {118},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1623-1632},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2009},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0030-1299},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17807.x},
Abstract = {Although the relevance of particle size reduction in
herbivore digestion is widely appreciated, few studies have
investigated digesta particle size across species in
relation to body mass or digestive strategy. We investigated
faecal particle size, which reflects the size of ingesta
particles after both mastication and specialized processes
such as rumination. Particle size was measured by wet
sieving samples from more than 700 captive individuals
representing 193 mammalian species. Using phylogenetic
generalized least squares, faecal particle size scaled to
body mass with an exponent of 0.22 (95% confidence interval:
0.16-0.28). In comparisons among different digestive
strategies, we found that (1) equids had smaller faecal
particles than other hindgut fermenters, (2) non-ruminant
foregut fermenters and hindgut fermenters had similar-sized
faecal particles (not significantly different), and (3)
ruminants had finer faecal particles than non-ruminants.
These results confirm that the relationship between chewing
efficiency and body mass is modified by morphological
adaptations in dental design and physiological adaptations
to chewing, such as rumination. This allometric relationship
should be considered when investigating the effect of body
size on digestive physiology, and digestion studies should
include a measure of faecal particle size. © 2009
Oikos.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17807.x},
Key = {fds240875}
}
@article{fds240874,
Author = {Franz, M and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Rapid evolution of social learning.},
Journal = {Journal of evolutionary biology},
Volume = {22},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1914-1922},
Year = {2009},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1010-061X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01804.x},
Keywords = {Animals Biological Evolution* Computer Simulation Cultural
Evolution Learning* Models, Genetic* Social
Behavior*},
Abstract = {Culture is widely thought to be beneficial when social
learning is less costly than individual learning and thus
may explain the enormous ecological success of humans.
Rogers (1988. Does biology constrain culture. Am. Anthropol.
90: 819-831) contradicted this common view by showing that
the evolution of social learning does not necessarily
increase the net benefits of learned behaviours in a
variable environment. Using simulation experiments, we
re-analysed extensions of Rogers' model after relaxing the
assumption that genetic evolution is much slower than
cultural evolution. Our results show that this assumption is
crucial for Rogers' finding. For many parameter settings,
genetic and cultural evolution occur on the same time scale,
and feedback effects between genetic and cultural dynamics
increase the net benefits. Thus, by avoiding the costs of
individual learning, social learning can increase ecological
success. Furthermore, we found that rapid evolution can
limit the evolution of complex social learning strategies,
which have been proposed to be widespread in
animals.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01804.x},
Key = {fds240874}
}
@article{fds240870,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Thrall, PH and Bartz, K and Dasgupta, T and Boesch,
C},
Title = {Do transmission mechanisms or social systems drive cultural
dynamics in socially structured populations?},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {77},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1515-1524},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2009},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.02.023},
Abstract = {Cultural traits spread via multiple mechanisms among
individuals within social groups, including via transmission
biases that occur when subordinates copy from dominants
(prestige transmission), or via common cultural trait
variants that are favoured over rare ones (consensus
transmission). Most animal populations are subdivided into
social groups where cultural learning occurs, yet
theoretical studies of cultural trait transmission have
tended to focus on within-group transmission dynamics. We
developed an agent-based model of cultural transmission in
socially structured populations in which a trait arises in
one individual and either persists until a stable population
equilibrium is reached, or goes extinct. With this model, we
systematically varied group size, rates of dispersal among
groups, mortality rates, transmission characteristics, the
benefit of the cultural trait (including possibly negative
benefits), and whether individuals disperse locally or
randomly. We used generalized linear models to examine how
changes in these parameters influence trait extinction,
equilibrium prevalence and time to equilibrium. Four traits
increased the probability of extinction: smaller group size,
higher background mortality, lower transmission rate and
more costly traits (although costly traits sometimes reached
an equilibrium). Local dispersal and biased transmission
mechanisms (prestige and consensus) had no significant
effects on extinction probability, and similar patterns were
found for equilibrium prevalence. We found that a lower
dispersal rate and local dispersal slowed the time required
for a trait to reach equilibrium, as did smaller groups,
lower transmission rates and lower costs. Collectively,
these analyses reveal that prestige and consensus
transmission have weaker effects than other factors
associated with demographic and social conditions. © 2009
The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.02.023},
Key = {fds240870}
}
@article{fds240872,
Author = {Junglen, S and Kurth, A and Kuehl, H and Quan, P-L and Ellerbrok, H and Pauli, G and Nitsche, A and Nunn, C and Rich, SM and Lipkin, WI and Briese,
T and Leendertz, FH},
Title = {Examining landscape factors influencing relative
distribution of mosquito genera and frequency of virus
infection.},
Journal = {EcoHealth},
Volume = {6},
Number = {2},
Pages = {239-249},
Year = {2009},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1612-9202},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10393-009-0260-y},
Abstract = {Mosquito-borne infections cause some of the most
debilitating human diseases, including yellow fever and
malaria, yet we lack an understanding of how disease risk
scales with human-driven habitat changes. We present an
approach to study variation in mosquito distribution and
concomitant viral infections on the landscape level. In a
pilot study we analyzed mosquito distribution along a 10-km
transect of a West African rainforest area, which included
primary forest, secondary forest, plantations, and human
settlements. Variation was observed in the abundance of
Anopheles, Aedes, Culex, and Uranotaenia mosquitoes between
the different habitat types. Screening of trapped mosquitoes
from the different habitats led to the isolation of five
uncharacterized viruses of the families Bunyaviridae,
Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae, and Rhabdoviridae, as well as
an unclassified virus. Polymerase chain reaction screening
for these five viruses in individual mosquitoes indicated a
trend toward infection with specific viruses in specific
mosquito genera that differed by habitat. Based on these
initial analyses, we believe that further work is indicated
to investigate the impact of anthropogenic landscape changes
on mosquito distribution and accompanying arbovirus
infection.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10393-009-0260-y},
Key = {fds240872}
}
@article{fds240871,
Author = {Franz, M and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Network-based diffusion analysis: a new method for detecting
social learning.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {276},
Number = {1663},
Pages = {1829-1836},
Year = {2009},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0962-8452},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1824},
Keywords = {Animals Behavior, Animal* Biological Evolution Computer
Simulation Learning Likelihood Functions Macaca Models,
Psychological Social Behavior* Time Factors physiology*
psychology*},
Abstract = {Social learning has been documented in a wide diversity of
animals. In free-living animals, however, it has been
difficult to discern whether animals learn socially by
observing other group members or asocially by acquiring a
new behaviour independently. We addressed this challenge by
developing network-based diffusion analysis (NBDA), which
analyses the spread of traits through animal groups and
takes into account that social network structure directs
social learning opportunities. NBDA fits agent-based models
of social and asocial learning to the observed data using
maximum-likelihood estimation. The underlying learning
mechanism can then be identified using model selection based
on the Akaike information criterion. We tested our method
with artificially created learning data that are based on a
real-world co-feeding network of macaques. NBDA is better
able to discriminate between social and asocial learning in
comparison with diffusion curve analysis, the main method
that was previously applied in this context. NBDA thus
offers a new, more reliable statistical test of learning
mechanisms. In addition, it can be used to address a wide
range of questions related to social learning, such as
identifying behavioural strategies used by animals when
deciding whom to copy.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2008.1824},
Key = {fds240871}
}
@article{fds240869,
Author = {Jensen, SA and Mundry, R and Nunn, CL and Boesch, C and Leendertz,
FH},
Title = {Non-invasive body temperature measurement of wild
chimpanzees using fecal temperature decline.},
Journal = {Journal of wildlife diseases},
Volume = {45},
Number = {2},
Pages = {542-546},
Year = {2009},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0090-3558},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-45.2.542},
Keywords = {Animals Animals, Wild Ape Diseases Body Temperature Feces*
Pan troglodytes Sensitivity and Specificity Sentinel
Surveillance diagnosis* physiology* veterinary},
Abstract = {New methods are required to increase our understanding of
pathologic processes in wild mammals. We developed a
noninvasive field method to estimate the body temperature of
wild living chimpanzees habituated to humans, based on
statistically fitting temperature decline of feces after
defecation. The method was established with the use of
control measures of human rectal temperature and subsequent
changes in fecal temperature over time. The method was then
applied to temperature data collected from wild chimpanzee
feces. In humans, we found good correspondence between the
temperature estimated by the method and the actual rectal
temperature that was measured (maximum deviation 0.22 C).
The method was successfully applied and the average
estimated temperature of the chimpanzees was 37.2 C. This
simple-to-use field method reliably estimates the body
temperature of wild chimpanzees and probably also other
large mammals.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.7589/0090-3558-45.2.542},
Key = {fds240869}
}
@book{fds240824,
Author = {McNamara, P and Barton, RA and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Evolution of sleep: Phylogenetic and functional
perspectives},
Volume = {9780521894975},
Pages = {1-277},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780521894975},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511642074},
Abstract = {Research during the past two decades has produced major
advances in understanding sleep within particular species.
Simultaneously, molecular advances have made it possible to
generate phylogenetic trees, while new analytical methods
provide the tools to examine macroevolutionary change on
these trees. These methods have recently been applied to
questions concerning the evolution of distinctive sleep
state characteristics and functions. This book synthesizes
recent advances in our understanding of the evolutionary
origins of sleep and its adaptive function, and it lays the
groundwork for future evolutionary research by assessing
sleep patterns in the major animal lineages.},
Doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511642074},
Key = {fds240824}
}
@article{fds240816,
Author = {Kutsukake, N and Nunn, CL},
Title = {The causes and consequences of reproductive skew in male
primates},
Pages = {165-195},
Booktitle = {Reproductive Skew in Vertebrates},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511641954.009},
Abstract = {This chapter discusses the underlying causes and
consequences of reproductive skew in male primates. Although
our understanding of the causes of skew is still in its
infancy, empirical studies thus far support the compromise
framework (e.g. tug-of-war model) rather than the concession
model. Our assessment of the different models also suggests
that the priority-of-access (POA) model makes predictions
that are very similar to the compromise framework, but that
skew models expand significantly on the POA model by
including additional factors that relate to patterns of
reproduction within groups. Our phylogenetic comparative
analyses on mating skew in male primates also provide
supporting evidence for the tug-of-war model, as mating skew
decreased as the number of males increased, suggesting that
monopolization of females becomes more difficult when there
are more rivals (Emlen & Oring 1977). However, there have
been no studies that represent strong tests of skew models,
possibly because of difficulties in estimating parameters
that are necessary for quantitative analyses. Future
research could help to clarify the causes of skew, including
development of mathematical models that are more suitable to
primate societies, empirical studies based on paternity
tests, and comparative approaches to investigate
interspecific patterns of skew in other biological systems.
Previous studies commonly investigated the causes of skew,
but fewer have considered the consequences of skew on other
physiological and social parameters such as within-group
relatedness and sexually transmitted diseases. Of these, it
appears that effects on within-group relatedness could have
the largest effects on patterns of primate
sociality.},
Doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511641954.009},
Key = {fds240816}
}
@article{fds240867,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Lindenfors, P and Pursall, ER and Rolff,
J},
Title = {On sexual dimorphism in immune function.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {364},
Number = {1513},
Pages = {61-69},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0962-8436},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0148},
Keywords = {Animals Female Humans Immunity* Immunocompetence Insects
Leukocyte Count Longevity Male Mammals Models, Immunological
Sex Characteristics* immunology},
Abstract = {Sexual dimorphism in immune function is a common pattern in
vertebrates and also in a number of invertebrates. Most
often, females are more 'immunocompetent' than males. The
underlying causes are explained by either the role of
immunosuppressive substances, such as testosterone, or by
fundamental differences in male and female life histories.
Here, we investigate some of the main predictions of the
immunocompetence handicap hypothesis (ICHH) in a comparative
framework using mammals. We focus specifically on the
prediction that measures of sexual competition across
species explain the observed patterns of variation in
sex-specific immunocompetence within species. Our results
are not consistent with the ICHH, but we do find that female
mammals tend to have higher white blood cell counts (WBC),
with some further associations between cell counts and
longevity in females. We also document positive covariance
between sexual dimorphism in immunity, as measured by a
subset of WBC, and dimorphism in the duration of effective
breeding. This is consistent with the application of
'Bateman's principle' to immunity, with females maximizing
fitness by lengthening lifespan through greater investment
in immune defences. Moreover, we present a meta-analysis of
insect immunity, as the lack of testosterone in insects
provides a means to investigate Bateman's principle for
immunity independently of the ICHH. Here, we also find a
systematic female bias in the expression of one of the two
components of insect immune function that we investigated
(phenoloxidase). From these analyses, we conclude that the
mechanistic explanations of the ICHH lack empirical support.
Instead, fitness-related differences between the sexes are
potentially sufficient to explain many natural patterns in
immunocompetence.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2008.0148},
Key = {fds240867}
}
@article{fds240868,
Author = {Mundry, R and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Stepwise model fitting and statistical inference: turning
noise into signal pollution.},
Journal = {The American naturalist},
Volume = {173},
Number = {1},
Pages = {119-123},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-0147},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/593303},
Keywords = {Biology Computer Simulation Linear Models* Models,
Biological* Statistics as Topic methods methods*},
Abstract = {Statistical inference based on stepwise model selection is
applied regularly in ecological, evolutionary, and
behavioral research. In addition to fundamental shortcomings
with regard to finding the "best" model, stepwise procedures
are known to suffer from a multiple-testing problem, yet the
method is still widely used. As an illustration of this
problem, we present results of a simulation study of
artificial data sets of uncorrelated variables, with two to
10 predictor variables and one dependent variable. We then
compared results from stepwise regression with a regression
model in which all predictor variables were entered
simultaneously. These analyses clearly demonstrate that
significance tests based on stepwise procedures lead to
greatly inflated Type I error rates (i.e., the probability
of erroneously rejecting a true null hypothesis). By using a
simple simulation design, our study amplifies previous
warnings about using stepwise procedures, and we follow
others in recommending that biologists refrain from applying
these methods.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1086/593303},
Key = {fds240868}
}
@article{fds240905,
Author = {Preston, BT and Capellini, I and McNamara, P and Barton, RA and Nunn,
CL},
Title = {Parasite resistance and the adaptive significance of
sleep.},
Journal = {BMC evolutionary biology},
Volume = {9},
Number = {2},
Pages = {7},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1471-2148},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000263055000001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Keywords = {Animals Biological Evolution Host-Parasite Interactions
Immunity, Innate* Mammals Parasites Parasitic Diseases
Sleep* immunology parasitology physiology*
physiopathology*},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Sleep is a biological enigma. Despite
occupying much of an animal's life, and having been
scrutinized by numerous experimental studies, there is still
no consensus on its function. Similarly, no hypothesis has
yet explained why species have evolved such marked variation
in their sleep requirements (from 3 to 20 hours a day in
mammals). One intriguing but untested idea is that sleep has
evolved by playing an important role in protecting animals
from parasitic infection. This theory stems, in part, from
clinical observations of intimate physiological links
between sleep and the immune system. Here, we test this
hypothesis by conducting comparative analyses of mammalian
sleep, immune system parameters, and parasitism.<h4>Results</h4>We
found that evolutionary increases in mammalian sleep
durations are strongly associated with an enhancement of
immune defences as measured by the number of immune cells
circulating in peripheral blood. This appeared to be a
generalized relationship that could be independently
detected in 4 of the 5 immune cell types and in both of the
main sleep phases. Importantly, no comparable relationships
occur in related physiological systems that do not serve an
immune function. Consistent with an influence of sleep on
immune investment, mammalian species that sleep for longer
periods also had substantially reduced levels of parasitic
infection.<h4>Conclusion</h4>These relationships suggest
that parasite resistance has played an important role in the
evolution of mammalian sleep. Species that have evolved
longer sleep durations appear to be able to increase
investment in their immune systems and be better protected
from parasites. These results are neither predicted nor
explained by conventional theories of sleep evolution, and
suggest that sleep has a much wider role in disease
resistance than is currently appreciated.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1186/1471-2148-9-7},
Key = {fds240905}
}
@article{fds240919,
Author = {Capellini, I and McNamara, P and Preston, BT and Nunn, CL and Barton,
RA},
Title = {Does sleep play a role in memory consolidation? A
comparative test.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {4},
Number = {2},
Pages = {e4609},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1932-6203},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19240803},
Keywords = {Amygdala Animals Biological Evolution Data Collection
Hippocampus Memory Neocortex Organ Size Phylogeny* Sleep
anatomy & histology anatomy & histology*
physiology*},
Abstract = {Sleep is a pervasive characteristic of mammalian species,
yet its purpose remains obscure. It is often proposed that
'sleep is for the brain', a view that is supported by
experimental studies showing that sleep improves cognitive
processes such as memory consolidation. Some comparative
studies have also reported that mammalian sleep durations
are higher among more encephalized species. However, no
study has assessed the relationship between sleep and the
brain structures that are implicated in specific cognitive
processes across species. The hippocampus, neocortex and
amygdala are important for memory consolidation and learning
and are also in a highly actived state during sleep. We
therefore investigated the evolutionary relationship between
mammalian sleep and the size of these brain structures using
phylogenetic comparative methods. We found that evolutionary
increases in the size of the amygdala are associated with
corresponding increases in NREM sleep durations. These
results are consistent with the hypothesis that NREM sleep
is functionally linked with specializations of the amygdala,
including perhaps memory processing.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0004609},
Key = {fds240919}
}
@misc{fds240822,
Author = {Nunn, CL and McNamara, P and Capellini, I and Preston, BT and Barton,
RA},
Title = {Primate sleep in phylogenetic perspective},
Volume = {9780521894975},
Pages = {123-144},
Booktitle = {Evolution of Sleep: Phylogenetic and Functional
Perspectives},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780521894975},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511642074.007},
Abstract = {The primates comprise a diverse group of eutherian mammals,
with between some 200 and 400 species, depending on the
taxonomic authority consulted (e.g., Corbet & Hill, 1991;
Wilson & Reeder, 2005). Most of these species dwell in
tropical forests, but primates also thrive in many other
habitats, including savannas, mountainous forests of China
and Japan, and even some urban areas. Living primates are
divided into two groups, the strepsirrhines (lemurs and
lorises) and the haplorrhines (monkeys, apes, and tarsiers).
Strepsirrhines include mostly arboreal species and retain
several ancestral characteristics, including greater
reliance on smell and (in most species) a dental comb that
is used for grooming. Most are nocturnal, but some have, in
parallel with most haplorrhines, evolved a diurnal niche.
They are found only in the Old World tropics. Haplorrhines
are more widely distributed geographically, being found in
both the New and Old Worlds. They include two groups, the
platyrrhines and the catarrhines. Platyrrhines are monkeys
native to the New World. Catarrhines include both Old World
monkeys and apes. With the exception of owl monkeys in the
genus <italic>Aotus</italic>, all monkeys and apes are
active during the day (i.e., diurnal), and most live in
bisexual social groups that vary in size from 2 to well over
100 adults (Smuts, Cheney, Seyfarth, et al., 1987). Nonhuman
primates are among the best-studied of mammals, in large
part because of their close phylogenetic relatedness to
humans.},
Doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511642074.007},
Key = {fds240822}
}
@misc{fds240823,
Author = {McNamara, P and Nunn, CL and Barton, RA},
Title = {Introduction},
Volume = {9780521894975},
Pages = {1-11},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780521894975},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511642074.001},
Abstract = {Why do we and other animals sleep? When we are asleep, we
are not performing activities that are important for
reproductive success, such as locating food, caring for
offspring, or finding mates. In the wild, sleep might make
an animal more vulnerable to predation, and it certainly
interferes with vigilance for predators. Sleep is found
across the animal kingdom, yet it varies remarkably in its
most fundamental characteristics across species. And for
almost every pattern associated with sleep, exceptions can
be found. For all of these reasons, sleep continues to be an
evolutionary puzzle. Fortunately, sleep also has attracted
much scientific interest, with many significant findings in
the past 10 years. The aim of this volume is to summarize
recent advances in our understanding of the diversity of
sleep patterns found in animals. Many of the chapters that
follow examine sleep in different taxonomic groups,
including insects, fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals. We
take this “comparative approach” because it is one of
the key ways in which biologists investigate the evolution
of a trait (Harvey & Pagel, 1991). Indeed, the comparative
method has long been used to investigate the evolution of
sleep, particularly in mammals (e.g., Meddis, 1983; Zepelin,
1989). More recent comparative studies have capitalized on
advances in the study of phylogenetic relationships to test
hypotheses on the evolution of sleep.},
Doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511642074.001},
Key = {fds240823}
}
@misc{fds240825,
Author = {Capellini, I and Preston, BT and McNamara, P and Barton, RA and Nunn,
CL},
Title = {Ecological constraints on mammalian sleep
architecture},
Volume = {9780521894975},
Pages = {12-23},
Booktitle = {Evolution of Sleep: Phylogenetic and Functional
Perspectives},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780521894975},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511642074.002},
Abstract = {All mammals so far studied experience some form of sleep.
When mammals are sleep-deprived, they generally attempt to
regain the lost sleep by exhibiting a “sleep rebound,”
suggesting that sleep serves important functions that cannot
be neglected (Siegel, 2008; Zepelin, 1989; Zepelin, Siegel,
& Tobler, 2005). When sleep deprivation is enforced on
individuals, it is accompanied by impaired physiological
functions and a deterioration of cognitive performance
(Kushida, 2004; Rechtschaffen, 1998; Rechtschaffen &
Bergmann, 2002). In the rat, prolonged sleep deprivation
ultimately results in death (Kushida, 2004; Rechtschaffen &
Bergmann, 2002). Together, these observations suggest that
sleep is a fundamental requirement for mammalian life, and
much research has focused on identifying the physiological
benefits that sleep provides (Horne, 1988; Kushida, 2004).
Are there also costs associated with sleep? If so, what are
the selective pressures that constrain the amount of time
that individuals can devote to sleep? Sleep is probably
associated with “opportunity costs” because sleeping
animals cannot pursue other fitness-enhancing activities,
such as locating food, maintaining social bonds, or finding
mates. Sleeping animals may also pay direct costs. For
example, sleep is a state of reduced consciousness, and thus
sleeping individuals are less able to detect and escape from
approaching predators (Allison & Cicchetti, 1976; Lima,
Rattenborg, Lesku, et al., 2005). These ecological factors
are likely to be important constraints on sleep durations
and may also affect how sleep is organized over the daily
cycle.},
Doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511642074.002},
Key = {fds240825}
}
@misc{fds219032,
Author = {C.L. Nunn},
Title = {Using agent- based models to investigate primate disease
ecology},
Pages = {83-110},
Booktitle = {Primate Parasite Ecology: The Dynamics and Study of Host-
Parasite Relationships},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds219032}
}
@article{fds240862,
Author = {Ostner, J and Nunn, CL and Schülke, O},
Title = {Female reproductive synchrony predicts skewed paternity
across primates},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology},
Volume = {19},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1150-1158},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2008},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1045-2249},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arn093},
Keywords = {Biology Computer Simulation Linear Models* Models,
Biological* Statistics as Topic methods methods*},
Abstract = {Recent studies have uncovered remarkable variation in
paternity within primate groups. To date, however, we lack a
general understanding of the factors that drive variation in
paternity skew among primate groups and across species. Our
study focused on hypotheses from reproductive skew theory
involving limited control and the use of paternity
"concessions" by investigating how paternity covaries with
the number of males, female estrous synchrony, and rates of
extragroup paternity. In multivariate and phylogenetically
controlled analyses of data from 27 studies on 19 species,
we found strong support for a limited control skew model,
with reproductive skew within groups declining as female
reproductive synchrony and the number of males per group
increase. Of these 2 variables, female reproductive
synchrony explained more of the variation in paternity
distributions. To test whether dominant males provide
incentives to subordinates to resist matings by extragroup
males, that is, whether dominants make concessions of
paternity, we derived a novel prediction that skew is lower
within groups when threat from outside the group exists.
This prediction was not supported as a primary factor
underlying patterns of reproductive skew among primate
species. However, our approach revealed that if concessions
occur in primates, they are most likely when female
synchrony is low, as these conditions provide alpha male
control of paternity that is assumed by concessions models.
Collectively, our analyses demonstrate that aspects of male
reproductive competition are the primary drivers of
reproductive skew in primates. © 2008 The
Authors.},
Language = {ENG},
Doi = {10.1093/beheco/arn093},
Key = {fds240862}
}
@article{fds240918,
Author = {Capellini, I and Nunn, CL and McNamara, P and Preston, BT and Barton,
RA},
Title = {Energetic constraints, not predation, influence the
evolution of sleep patterning in mammals.},
Journal = {Functional ecology},
Volume = {22},
Number = {5},
Pages = {847-853},
Year = {2008},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0269-8463},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20428321},
Keywords = {Animals Female Humans Immunity* Immunocompetence Insects
Leukocyte Count Longevity Male Mammals Models, Immunological
Sex Characteristics* immunology},
Abstract = {Mammalian sleep is composed of two distinct states -
rapid-eye-movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep - that
alternate in cycles over a sleep bout. The duration of these
cycles varies extensively across mammalian species. Because
the end of a sleep cycle is often followed by brief arousals
to waking, a shorter sleep cycle has been proposed to
function as an anti-predator strategy. Similarly, higher
predation risk could explain why many species exhibit a
polyphasic sleep pattern (division of sleep into several
bouts per day), as having multiple sleep bouts avoids long
periods of unconsciousness, potentially reducing
vulnerability.Using phylogenetic comparative methods, we
tested these predictions in mammals, and also investigated
the relationships among sleep phasing, sleep-cycle length,
sleep durations and body mass.Neither sleep-cycle length nor
phasing of sleep was significantly associated with three
different measures of predation risk, undermining the idea
that they represent anti-predator adaptations.Polyphasic
sleep was associated with small body size, shorter sleep
cycles and longer sleep durations. The correlation with size
may reflect energetic constraints: small animals need to
feed more frequently, preventing them from consolidating
sleep into a single bout. The reduced daily sleep quotas in
monophasic species suggests that the consolidation of sleep
into one bout per day may deliver the benefits of sleep more
efficiently and, since early mammals were small-bodied and
polyphasic, a more efficient monophasic sleep pattern could
be a hitherto unrecognized advantage of larger
size.},
Language = {ENG},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01449.x},
Key = {fds240918}
}
@article{fds240864,
Author = {Clauss, M and Streich, WJ and Nunn, CL and Ortmann, S and Hohmann, G and Schwarm, A and Hummel, J},
Title = {The influence of natural diet composition, food intake
level, and body size on ingesta passage in
primates.},
Journal = {Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular &
integrative physiology},
Volume = {150},
Number = {3},
Pages = {274-281},
Year = {2008},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1095-6433},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.03.012},
Keywords = {Animals Body Size Diet* Digestion Feeding Behavior
Gastrointestinal Transit Phylogeny Primates Regression
Analysis Species Specificity physiology*},
Abstract = {An important component of digestive physiology involves
ingesta mean retention time (MRT), which describes the time
available for digestion. At least three different variables
have been proposed to influence MRT in herbivorous mammals:
body mass, diet type, and food intake (dry matter intake,
DMI). To investigate which of these parameters influences
MRT in primates, we collated data for 19 species from trials
where both MRT and DMI were measured in captivity, and
acquired data on the composition of the natural diet from
the literature. We ran comparative tests using both raw
species values and phylogenetically independent contrasts.
MRT was not significantly associated with body mass, but
there was a significant correlation between MRT and relative
DMI (rDMI, g/kg(0.75)/d). MRT was also significantly
correlated with diet type indices. Thus, both rDMI and diet
type were better predictors of MRT than body mass. The
rDMI-MRT relationship suggests that primate digestive
differentiation occurs along a continuum between an
"efficiency" (low intake, long MRT, high fiber
digestibility) and an "intake" (high intake, short MRT, low
fiber digestibility) strategy. Whereas simple-stomached
(hindgut fermenting) species can be found along the whole
continuum, foregut fermenters appear limited to the
"efficiency" approach.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.03.012},
Key = {fds240864}
}
@article{fds240866,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Thrall, PH and Stewart, K and Harcourt,
AH},
Title = {Emerging infectious diseases and animal social
systems},
Journal = {Evolutionary Ecology},
Volume = {22},
Number = {4},
Pages = {519-543},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2008},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0269-7653},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10682-007-9180-x},
Abstract = {Emerging infectious diseases threaten a wide diversity of
animals, and important questions remain concerning disease
emergence in socially structured populations. We developed a
spatially explicit simulation model to investigate
whether-and under what conditions-disease-related mortality
can impact rates of pathogen spread in populations of
polygynous groups. Specifically, we investigated whether
pathogen-mediated dispersal (PMD) can occur when females
disperse after the resident male dies from disease, thus
carrying infections to new groups. We also examined the
effects of incubation period and virulence, host mortality
and rates of background dispersal, and we used the model to
investigate the spread of the virus responsible for Ebola
hemorrhagic fever, which currently is devastating African
ape populations. Output was analyzed using regression trees,
which enable exploration of hierarchical and non-linear
relationships. Analyses revealed that the incidence of
disease in single-male (polygynous) groups was significantly
greater for those groups containing an average of more than
six females, while the total number of infected hosts in the
population was most sensitive to the number of females per
group. Thus, as expected, PMD occurs in polygynous groups
and its effects increase as harem size (the number of
females) increases. Simulation output further indicated that
population-level effects of Ebola are likely to differ among
multi-male-multi-female chimpanzees and polygynous gorillas,
with larger overall numbers of chimpanzees infected, but
more gorilla groups becoming infected due to increased
dispersal when the resident male dies. Collectively, our
results highlight the importance of social system on the
spread of disease in wild mammals. © 2007 Springer
Science+Business Media B.V.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10682-007-9180-x},
Key = {fds240866}
}
@article{fds240916,
Author = {Capellini, I and Barton, RA and McNamara, P and Preston, BT and Nunn,
CL},
Title = {Phylogenetic analysis of the ecology and evolution of
mammalian sleep.},
Journal = {Evolution; international journal of organic
evolution},
Volume = {62},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1764-1776},
Year = {2008},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0014-3820},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18384657},
Keywords = {Animals Artifacts Biometry Brain Cognition Diet Energy
Metabolism* Food Chain Mammals Organ Size Phylogeny*
Predatory Behavior Sleep, REM* anatomy & histology* growth &
development physiology physiology*},
Abstract = {The amount of time asleep varies greatly in mammals, from 3
h in the donkey to 20 h in the armadillo. Previous
comparative studies have suggested several functional
explanations for interspecific variation in both the total
time spent asleep and in rapid-eye movement (REM) or "quiet"
(non-REM) sleep. In support of specific functional benefits
of sleep, these studies reported correlations between time
in specific sleep states (NREM or REM) and brain size,
metabolic rate, and developmental variables. Here we show
that estimates of sleep duration are significantly
influenced by the laboratory conditions under which data are
collected and that, when analyses are limited to data
collected under more standardized procedures, traditional
functional explanations for interspecific variation in sleep
durations are no longer supported. Specifically, we find
that basal metabolic rate correlates negatively rather than
positively with sleep quotas, and that neither adult nor
neonatal brain mass correlates positively with REM or NREM
sleep times. These results contradict hypotheses that invoke
energy conservation, cognition, and development as drivers
of sleep variation. Instead, the negative correlations of
both sleep states with basal metabolic rate and diet are
consistent with trade-offs between sleep and foraging time.
In terms of predation risk, both REM and NREM sleep quotas
are reduced when animals sleep in more exposed sites,
whereas species that sleep socially sleep less. Together
with the fact that REM and NREM sleep quotas correlate
strongly with each other, these results suggest that
variation in sleep primarily reflects ecological constraints
acting on total sleep time, rather than the independent
responses of each sleep state to specific selection
pressures. We propose that, within this ecological
framework, interspecific variation in sleep duration might
be compensated by variation in the physiological intensity
of sleep.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00392.x},
Key = {fds240916}
}
@article{fds240860,
Author = {Acerbi, A and McNamara, P and Nunn, CL},
Title = {To sleep or not to sleep: the ecology of sleep in artificial
organisms.},
Journal = {BMC ecology},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Pages = {10},
Year = {2008},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1472-6785},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6785-8-10},
Keywords = {Animals Computer Simulation* Ecology* Food* Models,
Biological* Sleep physiology*},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>All animals thus far studied sleep, but
little is known about the ecological factors that generate
differences in sleep characteristics across species, such as
total sleep duration or division of sleep into multiple
bouts across the 24-hour period (i.e., monophasic or
polyphasic sleep activity). Here we address these questions
using an evolutionary agent-based model. The model is
spatially explicit, with food and sleep sites distributed in
two clusters on the landscape. Agents acquire food and sleep
energy based on an internal circadian clock coded by 24
traits (one for each hour of the day) that correspond to
"genes" that evolve by means of a genetic algorithm. These
traits can assume three different values that specify the
agents' behavior: sleep (or search for a sleep site), eat
(or search for a food site), or flexibly decide action based
on relative levels of sleep energy and food energy.
Individuals with higher fitness scores leave more offspring
in the next generation of the simulation, and the model can
therefore be used to identify evolutionarily adaptive
circadian clock parameters under different ecological
conditions.<h4>Results</h4>We systematically varied input
parameters related to the number of food and sleep sites,
the degree to which food and sleep sites overlap, and the
rate at which food patches were depleted. Our results reveal
that: (1) the increased costs of traveling between more
spatially separated food and sleep clusters select for
monophasic sleep, (2) more rapid food patch depletion
reduces sleep times, and (3) agents spend more time
attempting to acquire the "rarer" resource, that is, the
average time spent sleeping is positively correlated with
the number of food patches and negatively correlated with
the number of sleep patches. "Flexible" genes, in general,
do not appear to be advantageous, though their arrangements
in the agents' genome show characteristic patterns that
suggest that selection acts on their distribution.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Collectively,
the output suggests that ecological factors can have
striking effects on sleep patterns. Moreover, our results
demonstrate that a simple model can produce clear and
sensible patterns, thus allowing it to be used to
investigate a wide range of questions concerning the ecology
of sleep. Quantitative data presently are unavailable to
test the model predictions directly, but patterns are
consistent with comparative evidence from different species,
and the model can be used to target ecological factors to
investigate in future research.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1186/1472-6785-8-10},
Key = {fds240860}
}
@article{fds240865,
Author = {Thierry, B and Aureli, F and Nunn, CL and Petit, O and Abegg, C and de
Waal, FBM},
Title = {A comparative study of conflict resolution in macaques:
insights into the nature of trait covariation},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {75},
Number = {3},
Pages = {847-860},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2008},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.07.006},
Abstract = {Conflict resolution is an essential component of primate
sociality that has been studied extensively within primate
social groups, but few studies have examined how conflict
resolution behaviours covary at evolutionary scales. We
assembled a standardized data set on social interactions of
sexually mature females to analyse patterns of conflict
resolution in 15 groups of nine macaque species.
Between-group comparisons revealed no significant difference
in nonkin reconciliation levels between groups of the same
species, whereas substantial interspecific differences were
found. We tested for associations between four behavioural
traits involving reconciliation and dominance asymmetry that
play a central role in primate social systems. Regression
analyses using group values indicated that these traits
(conciliatory tendencies, proportions of explicit
reconciliatory contacts, kin bias and levels of
counteraggression) exist as an integrated suite of
characters. We found strong phylogenetic signal in most
traits, which further indicates that they evolved during the
adaptive radiation of macaques. Using the method of
independent contrasts, relationships between conciliatory
tendencies and proportions of explicit reconciliatory
contacts and between kin bias and levels of
counteraggression remained consistent after controlling for
phylogeny. This reveals that evolutionary change in one
trait leads to correlated changes in other traits.
Collectively, these results show how comparative studies of
detailed behavioural interactions can be used to elucidate
primate socioecology. © 2007 The Association for the Study
of Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.07.006},
Key = {fds240865}
}
@article{fds240863,
Author = {Gillespie, TR and Nunn, CL and Leendertz, FH},
Title = {Integrative approaches to the study of primate infectious
disease: implications for biodiversity conservation and
global health.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {Suppl 47},
Number = {6},
Pages = {53-69},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1096-8644},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20949},
Keywords = {Animals Biodiversity Demography Ecosystem Humans Infection
Parasitic Diseases Phylogeny Primate Diseases Primates World
Health classification classification* transmission
veterinary},
Abstract = {The close phylogenetic relationship between humans and
nonhuman primates, coupled with the exponential expansion of
human populations and human activities within primate
habitats, has resulted in exceptionally high potential for
pathogen exchange. Emerging infectious diseases are a
consequence of this process that has the capacity to
threaten global health and drive primate population
declines. Integration of standardized empirical data
collection, state-of-the-art diagnostics, and the
comparative approach offers the opportunity to create a
baseline for patterns of infection in wild primate
populations; to better understand the role of disease in
primate ecology, behavior, and evolution; and to examine how
anthropogenic effects alter the zoonotic potential of
various pathogenic organisms. We review these technologies
and approaches, including noninvasive sampling in field
conditions, and we identify ways in which integrative
research activities are likely to fuel future discoveries in
primate disease ecology. In addition to considering applied
aspects of disease research in primate health and
conservation, we review how these approaches are shedding
light on parasite biodiversity and the drivers of disease
risk across primate species.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20949},
Key = {fds240863}
}
@article{fds218982,
Author = {P McNamara and I Capellini and E Harris and CL Nunn and RA Barton and B
Preston},
Title = {The Phylogeny of Sleep Database: A New Resource for Sleep
Scientists.},
Journal = {The open sleep journal},
Volume = {1},
Number = {6},
Pages = {11-14},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {1874-6209},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874620900801010011},
Keywords = {Animals Biodiversity Demography Ecosystem Humans Infection
Parasitic Diseases Phylogeny Primate Diseases Primates World
Health classification classification* transmission
veterinary},
Abstract = {We have constructed a database that describes the sleeping
characteristics of 127 different mammalian species
representing 46 families across 17 orders. The data were
extracted from 178 separate references that were found using
standardized search protocols, and for each study includes
information on the time spent in REM and NREM sleep, sleep
cycle length, the number of animals sampled, their sex and
age, and reference citation. Importantly, we also coded nine
laboratory condition scores as a way to control for the
procedures that were used to collect the data. We created a
website that contains the database (http://www.bu.edu/phylogeny/)
from which others can both download the data and submit new
results. This database is being used to address fundamental
questions concerning the evolution of mammalian sleep;
similar databases on other groups of organisms will enable
sleep biologists to understand patterns of sleep at broader
phylogenetic scales.},
Language = {ENG},
Doi = {10.2174/1874620900801010011},
Key = {fds218982}
}
@article{fds240861,
Author = {Pedersen, AB and Jones, KE and Nunn, CL and Altizer,
S},
Title = {Infectious diseases and extinction risk in wild
mammals.},
Journal = {Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for
Conservation Biology},
Volume = {21},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1269-1279},
Year = {2007},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0888-8892},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00776.x},
Keywords = {Animal Diseases Animals Animals, Wild Biodiversity*
Conservation of Natural Resources Extinction, Biological*
Mammals epidemiology* microbiology parasitology
parasitology*},
Abstract = {Parasite-driven declines in wildlife have become
increasingly common and can pose significant risks to
natural populations. We used the IUCN Red List of Threatened
and Endangered Species and compiled data on hosts threatened
by infectious disease and their parasites to better
understand the role of infectious disease in contemporary
host extinctions. The majority of mammal species considered
threatened by parasites were either carnivores or
artiodactyls, two clades that include the majority of
domesticated animals. Parasites affecting host threat status
were predominantly viruses and bacteria that infect a wide
range of host species, including domesticated animals.
Counter to our predictions, parasites transmitted by close
contact were more likely to cause extinction risk than those
transmitted by other routes. Mammal species threatened by
parasites were not better studied for infectious diseases
than other threatened mammals and did not have more
parasites or differ in four key traits demonstrated to
affect parasite species richness in other comparative
studies. Our findings underscore the need for better
information concerning the distribution and impacts of
infectious diseases in populations of endangered mammals. In
addition, our results suggest that evolutionary similarity
to domesticated animals may be a key factor associated with
parasite-mediated declines; thus, efforts to limit contact
between domesticated hosts and wildlife could reduce
extinction risk.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00776.x},
Key = {fds240861}
}
@article{fds240859,
Author = {Hopkins, ME and Nunn, CL},
Title = {A global gap analysis of infectious agents in wild
primates},
Journal = {Diversity and Distributions},
Volume = {13},
Number = {5},
Pages = {561-572},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2007},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1366-9516},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00364.x},
Abstract = {A number of infectious diseases have emerged as threats to
humans and wildlife. Despite the growing importance of
georeferenced data for mitigating disease risk, information
on parasite threat is patchily distributed at a global
scale. In this paper, we explore the utility of gap analysis
techniques to investigate the global geographical
distribution of parasite sampling in non-human primates.
Specifically, we identify geographical areas that are
undersampled for parasites in relation to primate
geographical distributions, primate taxonomic sampling,
primate threat status, and parasite taxonomy. Our results
reveal that East Asia (particularly China), South-East Asia,
and the South American Amazon are the most deficient in
sampling effort with respect to all criteria. We also
identify sampling gaps based on several criteria in West and
Central Africa. Future research aimed at filling these gaps
is needed for both human health and primate conservation
purposes. © 2007 The Authors.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00364.x},
Key = {fds240859}
}
@article{fds240858,
Author = {Lindenfors, P and Nunn, CL and Jones, KE and Cunningham, AA and Sechrest, W and Gittleman, JL},
Title = {Parasite species richness in carnivores: Effects of host
body mass, latitude, geographical range and population
density},
Journal = {Global Ecology and Biogeography},
Volume = {16},
Number = {4},
Pages = {496-509},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2007},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1466-822X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2006.00301.x},
Abstract = {Aim: Comparative studies have revealed strong links between
ecological factors and the number of parasite species
harboured by different hosts, but studies of different
taxonomic host groups have produced inconsistent results. As
a step towards understanding the general patterns of
parasite species richness, we present results from a new
comprehensive data base of over 7000 host-parasite
combinations representing 146 species of carnivores
(Mammalia: Carnivora) and 980 species of parasites. Methods:
We used both phylogenetic and non-phylogenetic comparative
methods while controlling for unequal sampling effort within
a multivariate framework to ascertain the main determinants
of parasite species richness in carnivores. Results: We
found that body mass, population density, geographical range
size and distance from the equator are correlated with
overall parasite species richness in fissiped carnivores.
When parasites are classified by transmission mode, body
mass and home range area are the main determinants of the
richness of parasites spread by close contact between hosts,
and population density, geographical range size and distance
from the equator account for the diversity of parasites that
are not dependent on close contact. For generalist
parasites, population density, geographical range size and
latitude are the primary predictors of parasite species
richness. We found no significant ecological correlates for
the richness of specialist or vector-borne parasites. Main
conclusions: Although we found that parasite species
richness increases instead of decreases with distance from
the equator, other comparative patterns in carnivores
support previous findings in primates, suggesting that
similar ecological factors operate in both these independent
evolutionary lineages. © 2007 The Authors Journal
compilation © 2007 Blackwell Publishing
Ltd.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1466-8238.2006.00301.x},
Key = {fds240858}
}
@article{fds240901,
Author = {Lindenfors, P and Nunn, CL and Barton, RA},
Title = {Primate brain architecture and selection in relation to
sex.},
Journal = {BMC biology},
Volume = {5},
Number = {5},
Pages = {20},
Year = {2007},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1741-7007},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000246976300001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Keywords = {Animals Body Weight Brain Female Male Primates Regression
Analysis Selection, Genetic* Sex Characteristics* Species
Specificity anatomy & histology* genetics},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Social and competitive demands often
differ between the sexes in mammals. These differing demands
should be expected to produce variation in the relative
sizes of various brain structures. Sexual selection on males
can be predicted to influence brain components handling
sensory-motor skills that are important for physical
competition or neural pathways involving aggression.
Conversely, because female fitness is more closely linked to
ecological factors and social interactions that enable
better acquisition of resources, social selection on females
should select for brain components important for navigating
social networks. Sexual and social selection acting on one
sex could produce sexual dimorphism in brain structures,
which would result in larger species averages for those same
brain structures. Alternatively, sex-specific selection
pressures could produce correlated effects in the other sex,
resulting in larger brain structures for both males and
females of a species. Data are presently unavailable for the
sex-specific sizes of brain structures for anthropoid
primates, but under either scenario, the effects of sexual
and social selection should leave a detectable signal in
average sizes of brain structures for different
species.<h4>Results</h4>The degree of male intra-sexual
selection was positively correlated with several structures
involved in autonomic functions and sensory-motor skills,
and in pathways relating to aggression and aggression
control. The degree of male intra-sexual selection was not
correlated with relative neocortex size, which instead was
significantly positively correlated with female social group
size, but negatively correlated with male group
size.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Sexual selection on males and social
selection on females have exerted different effects on
primate brain architecture. Species with a higher degree of
male intra-sexual selection carry a neural signature of an
evolutionary history centered on physical conflicts, but no
traces of increased demands on sociocognitive tasks.
Conversely, female sociality is indicated to have driven the
evolution of socio-cognitive skills. Primate brain
architecture is therefore likely to be a product of
ecological and species-specific social factors as well as
different sex-specific selection pressures. Our results also
highlight the need for acquisition and analysis of
sex-specific brain components in mammals.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1186/1741-7007-5-20},
Key = {fds240901}
}
@article{fds240856,
Author = {Altizer, S and Nunn, CL and Lindenfors, P},
Title = {Do threatened hosts have fewer parasites? A comparative
study in primates.},
Journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
Volume = {76},
Number = {2},
Pages = {304-314},
Year = {2007},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0021-8790},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01214.x},
Keywords = {Animals Animals, Wild Biodiversity Databases as Topic
Host-Parasite Interactions Humans Parasitic Diseases, Animal
Phylogeny Population Density Prevalence Primate Diseases
Primates Species Specificity classification epidemiology*
microbiology microbiology* parasitology parasitology*
transmission virology},
Abstract = {1. Parasites and infectious diseases have become a major
concern in conservation biology, in part because they can
trigger or accelerate species or population declines.
Focusing on primates as a well-studied host clade, we tested
whether the species richness and prevalence of parasites
differed between threatened and non-threatened host species.
2. We collated data on 386 species of parasites (including
viruses, bacteria, protozoa, helminths and arthropods)
reported to infect wild populations of 36 threatened and 81
non-threatened primate species. Analyses controlled for
uneven sampling effort and host phylogeny. 3. Results showed
that total parasite species richness was lower among
threatened primates, supporting the prediction that small,
isolated host populations harbour fewer parasite species.
This trend was consistent across three major parasite groups
found in primates (helminths, protozoa and viruses). Counter
to our predictions, patterns of parasite species richness
were independent of parasite transmission mode and the
degree of host specificity. 4. We also examined the
prevalence of selected parasite genera among primate
sister-taxa that differed in their ranked threat categories,
but found no significant differences in prevalence between
threatened and non-threatened hosts. 5. This study is the
first to demonstrate differences in parasite richness
relative to host threat status. Results indicate that human
activities and host characteristics that increase the
extinction risk of wild animal species may lead
simultaneously to the loss of parasites. Lower average
parasite richness in threatened host taxa also points to the
need for a better understanding of the cascading effects of
host biodiversity loss for affiliated parasite
species.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01214.x},
Key = {fds240856}
}
@article{fds240857,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Rothschild, B and Gittleman, JL},
Title = {Why are some species more commonly afflicted by arthritis
than others? A comparative study of spondyloarthropathy in
primates and carnivores.},
Journal = {Journal of evolutionary biology},
Volume = {20},
Number = {2},
Pages = {460-470},
Year = {2007},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1010-061X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01276.x},
Keywords = {Animals Arthritis Behavior, Animal Body Size Carnivora* Diet
Phylogeny Population Density Prevalence Primate Diseases
Primates Risk Factors Species Specificity anatomy &
histology epidemiology epidemiology* etiology
veterinary*},
Abstract = {Spondyloarthropathy is a painful arthritic affliction of
humans that also occurs in wild mammals. Important questions
remain concerning the underlying causes of
spondyloarthropathy in mammals, particularly regarding
whether it is infectious in origin or driven by genetic
predisposition and environmental stressors. Moreover,
spondyloarthropathy has negative effects on host fitness,
leading to potential conservation concerns if it impacts
threatened species. Using a comparative data set on the
prevalence of joint disease in 34 primate species and 100
carnivore species, we tested predictions involving the
epidemiological correlates of spondyloarthropathy in wild
mammals. Analyses revealed that 5.6% of primates and 3.6% of
carnivores exhibited signs of spondyloarthropathy, with
maximum incidence as high as 22% in great apes and 27% in
bears. We tested whether prevalence of spondyloarthropathy
increases with population density and group size, greater
contact with soil, a slower host life history, increased
ranging, dietary factors and body mass. We found general
support for an effect of body mass, with larger bodied
primates and carnivores exhibiting a higher prevalence of
spondyloarthropathy. In addition, more threatened species
experienced higher rates of spondyloarthropathy, with this
association influenced by body mass and phylogeny. The
effect of body mass could reflect that larger animals are
exposed to more pathogens through greater consumption of
resources, or that joints of larger bodied mammals
experience greater biomechanical stresses, resulting in
inflammation and activation of local joint
infections.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01276.x},
Key = {fds240857}
}
@misc{fds219036,
Author = {C.L. Nunn and P. McNamara and R.A. Barton and E. Harris and I.
Capellini},
Title = {Phylogeny of sleep and dreams.},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {53-70},
Booktitle = {The New Science of Dreaming: Biology of REM
Sleep},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds219036}
}
@article{fds240854,
Author = {Kutsukake, N and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Comparative tests of reproductive skew in male primates: The
roles of demographic factors and incomplete
control},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Volume = {60},
Number = {5},
Pages = {695-706},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2006},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0340-5443},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-006-0213-1},
Abstract = {Reproductive skew models have been proposed as a unifying
framework for understanding animal social systems, but few
studies have investigated reproductive skew in a broad
evolutionary context. We compiled data on the distribution
of mating among males for 31 species of primates and
calculated skew indices for each study. We analyzed the
determinants of mating skew with phylogenetic comparative
methods to investigate two models from reproductive skew
theory, the concession model and the tug-of-war model.
Mating skew decreased as the number of males increased in
multimale groups, suggesting that monopolization of females
becomes more difficult when there are more rivals, and
therefore supporting the tug-of-war model. We predicted that
single males are unable to monopolize receptive females as
overlap in female receptivity increases (estrous synchrony)
and, as a result, that mating skew decreases. However, we
did not find any evidence for a link between female estrous
synchrony and male mating skew. Finally, the concession
model predicts high skew in male philopatric species
relative to species in which males disperse, yet our
measures of mating skew showed no significant associations
with qualitative scores of male dispersal. More definitive
tests of the concession model will require more quantitative
measures of relatedness, which are presently unavailable for
most primate species in our study. Overall, our results
provide support for the tug-of-war model in primates, and
the approach developed here can be applied to study
comparative patterns of skew in other biological systems. ©
Springer-Verlag 2006.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00265-006-0213-1},
Key = {fds240854}
}
@article{fds240855,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Dokey, AT-W},
Title = {Ranging patterns and parasitism in primates.},
Journal = {Biology letters},
Volume = {2},
Number = {3},
Pages = {351-354},
Year = {2006},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1744-9561},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0485},
Keywords = {Animals Biodiversity* Body Constitution Environment
Helminths Multivariate Analysis Parasites Phylogeny
Population Dynamics Primates Species Specificity metabolism
parasitology* physiology*},
Abstract = {Competing hypotheses exist concerning the influence of
ranging patterns on parasitism. More intensive use of a home
range could result in greater exposure to infectious agents
that accumulate in the soil. Alternatively, when more
intensive ranging is associated with territorial defence,
this could decrease home range overlap and produce lower
levels of parasitism. We tested these hypotheses using
phylogenetic comparative methods and parasite richness data
for 119 primate species. Helminth richness increased with
the defensibility index, a quantitative measure of home
range use that correlates with the degree of territoriality
in primates. This association was independent of other host
traits that influence parasite richness in primates. Results
involving non-vector transmitted helminths produced the most
significant results, suggesting that the relationship
between territorial behaviour and parasitism is driven by
accumulation of parasites in defended home ranges. In
addition, costs associated with greater ranging could
increase susceptibility to infectious agents.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2006.0485},
Key = {fds240855}
}
@article{fds240852,
Author = {Leendertz, FH and Pauli, G and Maetz-Rensing, K and Boardman, W and Nunn, C and Ellerbrok, H and Jensen, SA and Junglen, S and Christophe,
B},
Title = {Pathogens as drivers of population declines: The importance
of systematic monitoring in great apes and other threatened
mammals},
Journal = {Biological Conservation},
Volume = {131},
Number = {2},
Pages = {325-337},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2006},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0006-3207},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2006.05.002},
Abstract = {Until recently, the focus of great ape behavioural and
ecological research has been distinct from the focus of
scientists working in medical and veterinary sciences. More
scientists are calling for a connection between medical and
field research due to recent disease outbreaks in great
apes, including Ebola, and indications of cross-transmission
of Ebola and other viruses between primates and humans. A
major limitation to progress is the lack of information on
infectious diseases and their transmission in wild primates.
Here, we present examples of successful pathogen detection
in wild great apes and describe approaches and techniques
that can be used in the field, focusing in particular on
investigation of deaths and non-invasive sample collection.
This interdisciplinary approach is providing new insights to
infectious diseases of great apes and is helping to protect
the health of great ape populations. This framework can also
be applied to other mammals under threat from infectious
diseases, including African wild dogs, seals and Tasmanian
devils. In addition to providing benefits for great ape
conservation, research that integrates infectious disease
with primate ecology provides insights to emerging diseases
in humans and the role of disease in primate evolution. ©
2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2006.05.002},
Key = {fds240852}
}
@article{fds240853,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Mulder, MB and Langley, S},
Title = {Comparative methods for studying cultural trait evolution: A
simulation study},
Journal = {Cross-Cultural Research},
Volume = {40},
Number = {2},
Pages = {177-209},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {2006},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1069-3971},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069397105283401},
Abstract = {Anthropologists and archaeologists increasingly use
phylogenetic methods to test hypotheses involving
cross-cultural traits, but the appropriateness of applying
tree-based methods to analyze cultural traits is unclear.
The authors developed a spatially explicit computer
simulation model to investigate trait evolution in relation
to phylogeny and geography and used the simulation to assess
the sensitivity of two comparative methods (independent
contrasts and partial Mantel tests) to different degrees of
horizontal transmission. Simulation results show that (a)
the method of independent contrasts is sensitive to even
small amounts of horizontal transmission in cultural data
sets, (b) Mantel tests fail to cleanly discriminate between
datasets characterized by different levels of horizontal and
vertical trait transmission, and (c) partial Mantel tests do
not produce markedly improved statistical performance when
testing for associations among traits (as compared to
independent contrasts). The results highlight the need for
empirical estimates of horizontal transmission and
extinction rates in cross-cultural datasets. © 2006 Sage
Publications.},
Doi = {10.1177/1069397105283401},
Key = {fds240853}
}
@article{fds240851,
Author = {Borgerhoff Mulder and M and Nunn, CL and Towner, MC},
Title = {Cultural macroevolution and the transmission of
traits},
Journal = {Evolutionary Anthropology},
Volume = {15},
Number = {2},
Pages = {52-64},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2006},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1060-1538},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.20088},
Abstract = {Cultural traits are distributed across human societies in a
patterned way. Study of the mechanisms whereby cultural
traits persist and change over time is key to understanding
human cultural diversity. For more than a century, a central
question has engaged anthropologists interested in the study
of cultural trait variation: What is the source of cultural
variation? More precisely, are cultural traits transmitted
primarily from ancestral to descendant populations (vertical
transmission) or between contemporary, typically neighboring
populations (horizontal transmission), or do they emerge as
independent innovations? While debates among unilineal
evolutionists and diffusionists have long since faded, there
is still much uncertainty about how traits are transmitted
at this macroevolutionary level, as well as about the
implications of these transmission patterns for testing
hypotheses regarding the adaptive function of particular
cultural traits across human populations.},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.20088},
Key = {fds240851}
}
@book{fds219086,
Author = {C.L. Nunn and S.M. Altizer},
Title = {Infectious Diseases in Primates: Behavior, Ecology and
Evolution.},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds219086}
}
@misc{fds219041,
Author = {C.L. Nunn},
Title = {Immune defenses and primate behavior.},
Pages = {284-285},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Mammals},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds219041}
}
@article{fds240850,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Heymann, EW},
Title = {Malaria infection and host behavior: A comparative study of
Neotropical primates},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Volume = {59},
Number = {1},
Pages = {30-37},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2005},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0340-5443},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-005-0005-z},
Abstract = {Parasites are ubiquitous in populations of free-ranging
animals and impact host fitness, but virtually nothing is
known about the factors that influence patterns of disease
risk across species and the effectiveness of behavioral
defenses to reduce this risk. We investigated the correlates
of malaria infection (prevalence) in Neotropical primates
using data from the literature, focusing on host traits
involving group size, body mass, and sleeping behavior.
Malaria is spread to these monkeys through anopheline
mosquitoes that search for hosts at night using olfactory
cues. In comparative tests that used two different
phylogenetic trees, we confirmed that malaria prevalence
increases with group size in Neotropical primates, as
suggested by a previous non-phylogenetic analysis. These
results are consistent with the hypothesis that larger
groups experience increased risk of attack by mosquitoes,
and counter to the hypothesis that primates benefit from the
encounter-dilution effect of avoiding actively-seeking
insects by living in larger groups. In contrast to
non-phylogenetic tests, body mass was significant in fewer
phylogeny-based analyses, and primarily when group size was
included as a covariate. We also found statistical support
for the hypothesis that sleeping in closed microhabitats,
such as tree holes or tangles of vegetation, reduces the
risk of malaria infection by containing the host cues used
by mosquitoes to locate hosts. Due to the small number of
evolutionary transitions in sleeping behavior in this group
of primates, however, this result is considered preliminary
until repeated with a larger sample size. In summary, risk
of infection with malaria and other vector-borne diseases
are likely to act as a cost of living in groups, rather than
a benefit, and sleeping site selection may provide benefits
by reducing rates of attack by malaria vectors. ©
Springer-Verlag 2005.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00265-005-0005-z},
Key = {fds240850}
}
@article{fds240848,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Altizer, SM and Sechrest, W and Cunningham,
AA},
Title = {Latitudinal gradients of parasite species richness in
primates},
Journal = {Diversity and Distributions},
Volume = {11},
Number = {3},
Pages = {249-256},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2005},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00160.x},
Abstract = {Infectious disease risk is thought to increase in the
tropics, but little is known about latitudinal gradients of
parasite diversity. We used a comparative data set
encompassing 330 parasite species reported from 119 primate
hosts to examine latitudinal gradients in the diversity of
micro and macroparasites per primate host species. Analyses
conducted with and without controlling for host phylogeny
showed that parasite species richness increased closer to
the equator for protozoan parasites, but not for viruses or
helminths. Relative to other major parasite groups, protozoa
reported from wild primates were transmitted
disproportionately by arthropod vectors. Within the
protozoa, our results revealed that vector-borne parasites
showed a highly significant latitudinal gradient in species
richness. This higher diversity of vector-borne protozoa
near the tropics could be influenced by a greater abundance
or diversity of biting arthropods in the tropics, or by
climatic effects on vector behaviour and parasite
development. Many vector-borne diseases, such as
leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, and malaria pose risks to
both humans and wildlife, and nearly one-third of the
protozoan parasites from free-living primates in our data
set have been reported to infect humans. Because the
geographical distribution and prevalence of many
vector-borne parasites are expected to increase because of
global warming, these results are important for predicting
future parasite-mediated threats to biodiversity and human
health. © 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00160.x},
Key = {fds240848}
}
@article{fds240849,
Author = {Pedersen, AB and Altizer, S and Poss, M and Cunningham, AA and Nunn,
CL},
Title = {Patterns of host specificity and transmission among
parasites of wild primates.},
Journal = {International journal for parasitology},
Volume = {35},
Number = {6},
Pages = {647-657},
Year = {2005},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0020-7519},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.01.005},
Keywords = {Animals Animals, Domestic Animals, Wild Eukaryota
Helminthiasis Helminths Host-Parasite Interactions Humans
Phylogeny Primates Protozoan Infections Species Specificity
Virus Diseases Virus Physiological Phenomena Zoonoses
parasitology parasitology* physiology transmission
transmission*},
Abstract = {Multihost parasites have been implicated in the emergence of
new diseases in humans and wildlife, yet little is known
about factors that influence the host range of parasites in
natural populations. We used a comprehensive data set of 415
micro- and macroparasites reported from 119 wild primate
hosts to investigate broad patterns of host specificity. The
majority (68%) of primate parasites were reported to infect
multiple host species, including animals from multiple
families or orders. This pattern corresponds to previous
studies of parasites found in humans and domesticated
animals. Within three parasite groups (viruses, protozoans
and helminths), we examined parasite taxonomy and
transmission strategy in relation to measures of host
specificity. Relative to other parasite groups, helminths
were associated with the greatest levels of host
specificity, whereas most viruses were reported to infect
hosts from multiple families or orders. Highly significant
associations between the degree of host specificity and
transmission strategy arose within each parasite group, but
not always in the same direction, suggesting that unique
constraints influence the host range of parasites within
each taxonomic group. Finally characteristics of over 100
parasite species shared between wild primates and humans,
including those recognised as emerging in humans, revealed
that most of these shared parasites were reported from
multiple host orders. Furthermore, nearly all viruses that
were reported to infect both humans and non-human primates
were classified as emerging in humans.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.01.005},
Key = {fds240849}
}
@article{fds219045,
Author = {C.L. Nunn and S.M. Altizer},
Title = {The Global Mammal Parasite Database: An online resource for
infectious disease records in wild primates.},
Journal = {Evolutionary Anthropology},
Volume = {14},
Pages = {1-2},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds219045}
}
@misc{fds219044,
Author = {C.L. Nunn and T. Hakansson and M. Borgerhoff Mulder and J.W. Moylan and C.M. Graham},
Title = {Cultural traits and linguistic trees: phylogenetic signal in
East Africa},
Booktitle = {Mapping Our Ancestors: Phylogenetic Methods in Anthropology
and Prehistory},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds219044}
}
@article{fds240900,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Deaner, RO},
Title = {Patterns of participation and free riding in territorial
conflicts among ringtailed lemurs (Lemur
catta)},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Volume = {57},
Number = {1},
Pages = {50-61},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2004},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0340-5443},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000224754000007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Cooperation in animal social groups may be limited by the
threat of "free riding," the potential for individuals to
reap the benefits of other individuals' actions without
paying their share of the costs. Here we investigate the
factors that influence individual contributions to
group-level benefits by studying individual participation in
territorial defense among female ringtailed lemurs (Lemur
catta). To control for potentially confounding factors,
particularly group size, we studied two semi-free-ranging
groups at the Duke University Primate Center. First, we used
a combination of experimental and observational methods to
investigate the costs and benefits of territorial defense
for individual lemurs. We found three indications of costs:
physical contact occurred during inter-group encounters,
participation in territorial defense was negatively
correlated with ambient temperature, and rates of
self-directed behaviors increased during encounters.
Benefits were more difficult to quantify, but observational
and experimental tests suggested that individuals shared the
gains of territorial defense by foraging in defended
territories. Thus, during experiments in which one of the
groups was prevented from defending its territory, the
free-ranging group made more frequent incursions into the
other group's territory. Second, we examined variation in
participation in territorial defense. Individuals varied
significantly in their rates of aggression and genital
marking during inter-group encounters. The extensive
variation documented among individuals was partially
accounted for by dominance rank, kinship and patterns of
parental care. However, we found no evidence to suggest that
participation was enforced through punishment (policing) or
exchange of benefits involving grooming. In conclusion, this
study provides further insights into cooperative behavior in
mammalian social groups by revealing how the costs and
benefits of territoriality influence patterns of individual
participation in the context of shared (collective) goods.
© Springer-Verlag 2004.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00265-004-0830-5},
Key = {fds240900}
}
@article{fds240909,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Altizer, S and Sechrest, W and Jones, KE and Barton, RA and Gittleman, JL},
Title = {Parasites and the evolutionary diversification of primate
clades.},
Journal = {The American naturalist},
Volume = {164 Suppl 5},
Number = {5},
Pages = {S90-103},
Year = {2004},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0003-0147},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000225295500008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Keywords = {Animals Behavior, Animal Biodiversity Body Size Genetic
Speciation* Geography Host-Parasite Interactions Longevity
Multivariate Analysis Parasites Phylogeny* Population
Density Primate Diseases Primates classification* genetics
parasitology parasitology* physiology*},
Abstract = {Coevolutionary interactions such as those between hosts and
parasites have been regarded as an underlying cause of
evolutionary diversification, but evidence from natural
populations is limited. Among primates and other mammalian
groups, measures of host diversification rates vary widely
among lineages, but comparative studies have not yet
identified a reliable explanation for this variation. In
this study, we used a comprehensive data set of
disease-causing organisms from free-living primates to
illustrate how phylogenetic comparative methods can be used
to examine mammalian lineage diversity in relation to
parasite species richness. Our results provide evidence that
the phylogenetic diversity of primate clades is correlated
positively with the number of parasite species harbored by
each host and that this pattern is largely independent of
other host traits that have been shown to influence
diversification rates and parasite species richness in
primates. We investigated two possible mechanisms that could
explain this association, namely that parasites themselves
drive host evolutionary diversification through processes
linked with sexual selection and that host shifts or host
sharing increases parasite species richness among diverse
primate clades. Neither parasite species richness nor host
diversification is related to measures of sexual selection
in primates. Further, we found only partial evidence that
more rapidly diversifying host lineages produced increased
opportunities for host sharing or host shifting by parasites
through mechanisms involving species' geographic range
overlap. Thus, our analyses provide evidence for an
important link between the evolutionary diversification of
primates and the richness of their parasite communities, but
other mechanisms, particularly those related to reciprocal
selection or coextinction of hosts and parasites, require
further investigation.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1086/424608},
Key = {fds240909}
}
@article{fds240846,
Author = {Vitone, ND and Altizer, S and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Body size, diet and sociality influence the species richness
of parasitic worms in anthropoid primates},
Journal = {Evolutionary Ecology Research},
Volume = {6},
Number = {2},
Pages = {183-199},
Address = {6},
Year = {2004},
Month = {February},
Abstract = {Free-ranging animals are exposed to a diverse array of
parasitic worms, including nematodes, trematodes, cestodes
and acanthocephalans. Across host species, the number and
types of parasite species are expected to depend on both
host and parasite characteristics. We focused on helminth
communities reported from free-living anthropoid primates to
investigate factors associated with parasite diversity in a
single host clade. We used a comparative data set of 305
host-parasite combinations representing 69 anthropoid
primate species and 136 parasite species based on records
obtained from the Host-Parasite Database at the Natural
History Museum, London. We examined four sets of host
characteristics that are predicted to influence parasite
diversity in primates: host body size and life history;
social contact and population density; diet; and individual
ranging behaviour. We controlled for effects of uneven
sampling effort on per-host measures of parasite diversity
and repeated analyses with and without controlling for host
phylogeny. In tests that did not control for host phylogeny,
a large number of predictor variables were significantly
associated with the diversity of both total helminths and
nematode parasites, including body size, life-history
variables and day range length. However, multivariate tests
revealed that body mass and, to a lesser extent, social
group size accounted for most variation in parasite species
richness. Analyses that controlled for host phylogeny using
independent contrasts showed that diet (estimated as the
percentage of leaves in diet) was positively associated with
total helminth and nematode parasite diversity in analyses
that excluded outliers. Individual ranging behaviour was
positively associated with the diversity of parasites with
complex life cycles, including cestodes, trematodes and
acanthocephalans. Our results demonstrate that several key
features of host biology are likely to influence the
community diversity of helminths in wild primate
populations, including body size, diet, sociality and
ranging behaviour.},
Key = {fds240846}
}
@article{fds240847,
Author = {Lindenfors, P and Fröberg, L and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Females drive primate social evolution.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {271 Suppl 3},
Number = {SUPPL. 3},
Pages = {S101-S103},
Year = {2004},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0962-8452},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2003.0114},
Keywords = {Animals Biological Evolution* Female Male Primates
Regression Analysis Sex Ratio* Social Behavior*
physiology*},
Abstract = {Within and across species of primates, the number of males
in primate groups is correlated with the number of females.
This correlation may arise owing to ecological forces
operating on females, with subsequent competition among
males for access to groups of females. The temporal
relationship between changes in male and female group
membership remains unexplored in primates and other
mammalian groups. We used a phylogenetic comparative method
for detecting evolutionary lag to test whether evolutionary
change in the number of males lags behind change in the
number of females. We found that change in male membership
in primate groups is positively correlated with divergence
time in pairwise comparisons. This result is consistent with
male numbers adjusting to female group size and highlights
the importance of focusing on females when studying primate
social evolution.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2003.0114},
Key = {fds240847}
}
@misc{fds219048,
Author = {C.L. Nunn and S.M. Altizer},
Title = {Sexual selection, behavior, and sexually transmitted
diseases.},
Pages = {117-130},
Booktitle = {New and Comparative Perspectives},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds219048}
}
@misc{fds219051,
Author = {C.L. Nunn and C.P. van Schaik and P.M. Kappeler and D.
Zinner},
Title = {Sexual selection and exaggerated sexual swellings of female
primates.},
Pages = {71-89},
Booktitle = {Sexual selection in Primates: New and Comparative
Perspectives},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds219051}
}
@article{fds240845,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Altizer, S and Jones, KE and Sechrest,
W},
Title = {Comparative tests of parasite species richness in
primates.},
Journal = {The American naturalist},
Volume = {162},
Number = {5},
Pages = {597-614},
Year = {2003},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0003-0147},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/378721},
Keywords = {Animals Biodiversity* Body Constitution Diet Environment
Geography Parasites Phylogeny Population Dynamics Primates
parasitology* physiology*},
Abstract = {Some hosts harbor diverse parasite communities, whereas
others are relatively parasite free. Many factors have been
proposed to account for patterns of parasite species
richness, but few studies have investigated competing
hypotheses among multiple parasite communities in the same
host clade. We used a comparative data set of 941
host-parasite combinations, representing 101 anthropoid
primate species and 231 parasite taxa, to test the relative
importance of four sets of variables that have been proposed
as determinants of parasite community diversity in primates:
host body mass and life history, social contact and
population density, diet, and habitat diversity. We defined
parasites broadly to include not only parasitic helminths
and arthropods but also viruses, bacteria, fungi, and
protozoa, and we controlled for effects of uneven sampling
effort on per-host measures of parasite diversity. In
nonphylogenetic tests, body mass was correlated with total
parasite diversity and the diversity of helminths and
viruses. When phylogeny was taken into account, however,
body mass became nonsignificant. Host population density, a
key determinant of parasite spread in many epidemiological
models, was associated consistently with total parasite
species richness and the diversity of helminths, protozoa,
and viruses tested separately. Geographic range size and day
range length explained significant variation in the
diversity of viruses.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1086/378721},
Key = {fds240845}
}
@article{fds240844,
Author = {Nunn, CL},
Title = {Behavioral defences against sexually transmitted diseases in
primates},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {66},
Number = {1},
Pages = {37-48},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2003},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2003.2130},
Abstract = {Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are known to exist in
wild and domesticated animals, but little is know about
behavioural defences that animals use to reduce the risk of
acquiring STDs. Using comparative data and a phylogeny of
primates, I investigated whether behaviours hypothesized to
reduce STD transmission are correlated with measures of STD
risk involving mating promiscuity and life-history traits.
Comparative tests revealed no support for genital inspection
as a means to identify and avoid infected individuals with
genital inspection was performed more commonly by males than
females and uncorrelated with mating promiscuity. Primate
species characterized by increased promiscuity were not more
likely to display genital self-grooming following mating.
Similarly, males and females of these species were not more
likely to urinate immediately after mating, counter to
suggestions that urination flushes microorganisms from the
urethra and surrounding genital areas. Finally, monogamy was
not correlated with a slow life history, which differs from
predictions that monogamy is a response to increased STD
risk in long-lived animals. Tests involving monogamy
remained unsupported after controlling for potentially
confounding variables, and all tests yielded similar results
in phylogenetic and nonphylogenetic tests. Few results were
significant even before controlling statistically for
multiple comparisons, but nonsignificance was unlikely due
to low statistical power or poor data quality in all tests.
Instead, the comparative patterns were consistent with
theoretical models showing that precopulatory behavioural
defences to STDs, such as mate choice, are unlikely to be
fully effective. In addition, many putative behavioural
defences to STDs in primates entail substantial fitness
costs in terms of reproductive output, offspring quality and
infanticide avoidance. © 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd on
behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal
Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1006/anbe.2003.2130},
Key = {fds240844}
}
@article{fds240843,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Gittleman, JL and Antonovics, J},
Title = {A comparative study of white blood cell counts and disease
risk in carnivores.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {270},
Number = {1513},
Pages = {347-356},
Year = {2003},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0962-8452},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2249},
Keywords = {Animal Diseases Animals Body Weight Carnivora Disease
Susceptibility* Leukocyte Count* Phylogeny Predatory
Behavior Regression Analysis blood* parasitology
transmission},
Abstract = {In primates, baseline levels of white blood cell (WBC)
counts are related to mating promiscuity. It was
hypothesized that differences in the primate immune system
reflect pathogen risks from sexually transmitted diseases
(STDs). Here, we test for the generality of this result by
examining hypotheses involving behavioural, ecological and
life-history factors in carnivores. Again, we find a
significant correlation in carnivores between mating
promiscuity and elevated levels of WBC counts. In addition,
we find relationships with measures of sociality, substrate
use and life-history parameters. These comparative results
across independent taxonomic orders indicate that the
evolution of the immune system, as represented by
phylogenetic differences in basal levels of blood cell
counts, is closely linked to disease risk involved with
promiscuous mating and associated variables. We found only
limited support for an association between the percentage of
meat in the diet and WBC counts, which is consistent with
the behavioural and physiological mechanisms that carnivores
use to avoid parasite transmission from their prey. We
discuss additional comparative questions related to
taxonomic differences in disease risk, modes of parasite
transmission and implications for conservation
biology.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2002.2249},
Key = {fds240843}
}
@article{fds240842,
Author = {Altizer, S and Nunn, CL and Thrall, PH and Gittleman, JL and Antonovics,
J and Cunningham, AA and Dobson, AP and Ezenwa, V and Jones, KE and Pedersen, AB and Poss, M and Pulliam, JRC},
Title = {Social Organization and Parasite Risk in Mammals:
Integrating Theory and Empirical Studies},
Journal = {Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and
Systematics},
Volume = {34},
Pages = {517-547},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0066-4162},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.030102.151725},
Abstract = {Mammals are exposed to a diverse array of parasites and
infectious diseases, many of which affect host survival and
reproduction. Species that live in dense populations, large
social groups, or with promiscuous mating systems may be
especially vulnerable to infectious diseases owing to the
close proximity and higher contact rates among individuals.
We review the effects of host density and social contacts on
parasite spread and the importance of promiscuity and mating
structure for the spread and evolution of sexually
transmitted diseases. Host social organization and mating
system should influence not only parasite diversity and
prevalence but may also determine the fitness advantages of
different transmission strategies to parasites. Because host
behavior and immune defenses may have evolved to reduce the
spread and pathogenicity of infectious diseases, we also
consider selective pressures that parasites may exert on
host social and mating behavior and the evolutionary
responses of hosts at both the immunological and behavioral
levels. In examining these issues, we relate modeling
results to observations from wild populations, highlighting
the similarities and differences among theoretical and
empirical approaches. Finally, the epidemiological
consequences of host sociality are very relevant to the
practical issues of conserving mammalian biodiversity and
understanding the interactions between extinction risk and
infectious diseases.},
Doi = {10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.030102.151725},
Key = {fds240842}
}
@article{fds219060,
Author = {C.L. Nunn and S. Altizer and P. Thrall and J. Gittleman and A.
Cunningham, A. Dobson and V. Ezenwa and A. Pedersen and M. Poss and J.R.C. Pulliam},
Title = {Social organization and disease risk in mammals:
intergrating theory and comparative studies.},
Journal = {Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics},
Volume = {34},
Pages = {516-547},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds219060}
}
@misc{fds219061,
Author = {C.L. Nunn},
Title = {Comparative and theoretical approaches to studying sexual
selection in primates.},
Pages = {593-613},
Booktitle = {Special Topics in Primatology},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds219061}
}
@misc{fds219063,
Author = {C.L. Nunn},
Title = {Sociality and disease risk: A comparative study of leukocyte
counts in primates.},
Pages = {26-31},
Booktitle = {Animal Social Complexity},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds219063}
}
@article{fds240841,
Author = {Wich, SA and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Do male "long-distance calls" function in mate defense? A
comparative study of long-distance calls in
primates},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Volume = {52},
Number = {6},
Pages = {474-484},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2002},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-002-0541-8},
Abstract = {Long-distance calls produced by males are common among
vertebrate species. Several hypotheses have been proposed to
explain features of male long-distance calls and their
phylogenetic distribution in primates, but the putative
functions of male long-distance calls have yet to be tested
comprehensively. We used phylogenetic comparative methods to
investigate hypotheses for the function of male
long-distance calls. We focused on the mate defense
hypothesis, which states that male long-distance calls
function in intra-sexual competition for mates, but we also
examined factors involving resource defense, mate
attraction, and habitat. Phylogenetic reconstruction of male
long-distance calls in 158 primate species indicates that
the presence of male long-distance calls is the ancestral
state. The carrying distance of male long-distance calls is
correlated with the size of the home range, which is
consistent with the role of male long-distance calls in
defending mates, attracting mates, and defending resources.
However, measures of male intra-sexual competition were not
associated with the evolution of male long-distance calls.
Evolutionary transitions were only partly correlated with
factors related to mate attraction. Instead, the strongest
correlates of male long-distance calls were activity period,
body mass, home range, habitat and some measures of resource
defense. Our results are consistent with long-distance call
production as a costly signal, but detailed study within
species is required to assess these costs and the functions
of long-distance calls in individual cases. Electronic
Supplementary Material is available if you access this
article at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00265-002-0541-8},
Key = {fds240841}
}
@article{fds240911,
Author = {Zinner, D and Alberts, SC and Nunn, CL and Altmann,
J},
Title = {Evolutionary biology: significance of primate sexual
swellings.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {420},
Number = {6912},
Pages = {142-143},
Year = {2002},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/420142a},
Keywords = {Age Factors Animals Biological Evolution Body Height
Competitive Behavior Diet Female Fertility Genetic Variation
Male Models, Biological* Ovulation Papio Reproducibility of
Results Sex Characteristics* Sex Ratio Sexual Behavior,
Animal* Time Factors anatomy & histology* physiology
physiology*},
Abstract = {In primates, baseline levels of white blood cell (WBC)
counts are related to mating promiscuity. It was
hypothesized that differences in the primate immune system
reflect pathogen risks from sexually transmitted diseases
(STDs). Here, we test for the generality of this result by
examining hypotheses involving behavioural, ecological and
life-history factors in carnivores. Again, we find a
significant correlation in carnivores between mating
promiscuity and elevated levels of WBC counts. In addition,
we find relationships with measures of sociality, substrate
use and life-history parameters. These comparative results
across independent taxonomic orders indicate that the
evolution of the immune system, as represented by
phylogenetic differences in basal levels of blood cell
counts, is closely linked to disease risk involved with
promiscuous mating and associated variables. We found only
limited support for an association between the percentage of
meat in the diet and WBC counts, which is consistent with
the behavioural and physiological mechanisms that carnivores
use to avoid parasite transmission from their prey. We
discuss additional comparative questions related to
taxonomic differences in disease risk, modes of parasite
transmission and implications for conservation
biology.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1038/420142a},
Key = {fds240911}
}
@article{fds240839,
Author = {Nunn, CL},
Title = {A comparative study of leukocyte counts and disease risk in
primates.},
Journal = {Evolution; international journal of organic
evolution},
Volume = {56},
Number = {1},
Pages = {177-190},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0014-3820},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00859.x},
Keywords = {Animals Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) Female
Host-Parasite Interactions Leukocyte Count* Male Phylogeny
Population Density Primates Risk Assessment Sexual Behavior,
Animal classification immunology* parasitology},
Abstract = {Little is known about how the risk of disease varies across
species and its consequences for host defenses, including
the immune system. I obtained mean values of basal white
blood cells (WBC) from 100 species of primates to quantify
disease risk, based on the assumption that higher baseline
WBC counts will be found in species that experience greater
risk of acquiring infectious disease. These data were used
to investigate four hypotheses: disease risk is expected to
increase with (1) group size and population density; (2)
greater contact with soil-borne pathogens during terrestrial
locomotion; (3) a slow life history; and (4) increased
mating promiscuity. After controlling for phylogeny, WBC
counts increased with female mating promiscuity, as
reflected in discrete categories of partner number, relative
testes mass, and estrous duration. By comparison, the
social, ecological, and life-history hypotheses were
unsupported in comparative tests. In terms of confounding
variables, some WBC types were associated with body mass or
activity period, but these variables could not account for
the association with mating promiscuity. Several factors may
explain why hypotheses involving social, ecological, and
life-history factors went unsupported in these tests,
including the role of behavioral counterstrategies to
disease, restrictions on female choice of mating partners,
and the effect of transmission mode on parasite strategies
and host defenses.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00859.x},
Key = {fds240839}
}
@article{fds240840,
Author = {Nunn, CL},
Title = {Spleen size, disease risk and sexual selection: A
comparative study in primates},
Journal = {Evolutionary Ecology Research},
Volume = {4},
Number = {1},
Pages = {91-107},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {If individuals of different species vary in their risk of
acquiring infectious disease, this variation is expected to
result in systematic differences in immune defence
structures across species. I used phylogenetic comparative
methods to examine the correlates of spleen mass in
primates, based on a priori hypotheses involving disease
risk, sexual selection and correlations among organ systems.
All comparative tests controlled for body mass. Contrary to
predictions that more social species experience greater risk
of acquiring infectious disease and should therefore exhibit
increased immune defence, spleen mass was not associated
with measures of sociality. Species with slower life
histories had larger spleens, as expected if such species
come into contact with a greater number of parasites
throughout life. However, spleen mass was unrelated to use
of the ground or increased mating promiscuity, both of which
are thought to increase transmission of parasites. In
contrast to patterns documented in previous research on
birds, primate spleen mass showed no association with sexual
selection involving male-male competition. The comparative
tests found only one correlation among the spleen and other
organs, involving the liver, which has some immune defence
functions early in life. Several factors may explain the
general absence of support for patterns in primates, as
compared to patterns documented previously in birds,
including differences in the expression of sexual selection
and the involvement of the mammalian spleen in bodily
functions unrelated to immune defence. These analyses
suggest that spleen mass is not a useful predictor of
disease risk in primates, which is important for future
comparative research on the correlates of parasitism in
mammals.},
Key = {fds240840}
}
@article{fds240904,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Barton, RA},
Title = {Comparative methods for studying primate adaptation and
allometry},
Journal = {Evolutionary Anthropology},
Volume = {10},
Number = {3},
Pages = {81-98},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1060-1538},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000169682000003&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {A well-known comparative biologist was once asked by a field
biologist whether the latter's detailed and painstaking
field study of orangutan behavior, carried out over many
years, qualified as an example of the comparative
method."No, " replied the comparative biologist, "that's an
anecdote." The reply is somewhat harsh, as useful
comparisons can be conducted both within and across species.
The reply does emphasize, however, that analysis of patterns
across species is fundamental to the study of adaptive
evolution, particularly when variation needed to test
hypotheses is present only at this interspecific level.1-5
Examples in primatology include the occurrence of female
sexual swellings in species with habitually multimale,
rather than single-male, breeding systems, 6, 7 the
relationship between polygynandrous mating and relatively
large testes size, 3, 8 and the association between brain
size and social group size.9 Thus, in many cases,
interspecific variation is required to test adaptive
hypotheses.10.},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.1019},
Key = {fds240904}
}
@article{fds240907,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Van Schaik and CP and Zinner, D},
Title = {Do exaggerated sexual swellings function in female mating
competition in primates? A comparative test of the reliable
indicator hypothesis},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology},
Volume = {12},
Number = {5},
Pages = {646-654},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1045-2249},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000170702700019&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {The reliable indicator hypothesis proposes that exaggerated
sexual swellings in female primates serve as honest signals
of female quality that function in female-female competition
over mates. We examined a version of this hypothesis using
interspecific data to test whether exaggerated sexual
swellings are associated with female mating competition, as
measured using the adult sex ratio, female canine size, and
expected female mating synchrony. The ratio of females to
males and relative canine size declined over evolutionary
transitions in swelling state, thus providing no support for
the reliable indicator hypothesis. Expected female mating
synchrony increased over evolutionary transitions in
swelling state, but this pattern did not approach
significance, and the patterns were opposite to predictions
when controlling for the number of males in the group. In
addition to these comparative tests, we reviewed evidence
concerning individual attributes of females relative to
characteristics of their swellings. Contrary to the reliable
indicator hypothesis, the least fertile females, or those
least likely to raise surviving offspring, often have larger
swellings. We consider the statistical power of our tests,
discuss the theoretical and empirical bases for our
comparative predictions, and consider other lines of
evidence needed to test the reliable indicator hypothesis.
We also discuss an alternative hypothesis, the graded signal
hypothesis, which combines the benefits of biasing and
confusing paternity through a novel mechanism and is
testable in the field and the laboratory.},
Doi = {10.1093/beheco/12.5.646},
Key = {fds240907}
}
@misc{fds219067,
Author = {C.L. Nunn and R.J. Lewis},
Title = {Cooperation and collective action in animal
behavior.},
Pages = {42-66},
Booktitle = {Economics in Nature},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds219067}
}
@misc{fds219068,
Author = {C.L. Nunn and C.P. van Schaik},
Title = {A comparative approach to reconstructing the socioecology of
extinct primates.},
Pages = {159-216},
Booktitle = {Reconstructing Behavior in the Fossil Record},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds219068}
}
@article{fds240837,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Gittleman, JL and Antonovics, J},
Title = {Promiscuity and the primate immune system.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {290},
Number = {5494},
Pages = {1168-1170},
Year = {2000},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5494.1168},
Keywords = {Animals Animals, Zoo Biological Evolution Body Weight Female
Haplorhini Immune System Leukocyte Count* Male Population
Density Primate Diseases Risk Factors Sexual Behavior,
Animal* Sexually Transmitted Diseases Species Specificity
blood epidemiology immunology immunology* physiology*
veterinary},
Abstract = {The behavioral and ecological factors involved in immune
system evolution remain poorly explored. We present a
phylogenetic analysis of white blood cell counts in primates
to test three hypotheses related to disease risk: increases
in risk are expected with group size or population density,
exposure to soil-borne pathogens, and mating promiscuity.
White blood cell counts were significantly greater in
species where females have more mating partners, indicating
that the risk of sexually transmitted disease is likely to
be a major factor leading to systematic differences in the
primate immune system.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1126/science.290.5494.1168},
Key = {fds240837}
}
@article{fds240902,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Barton, RA},
Title = {Allometric Slopes and Independent Contrasts: A Comparative
Test of Kleiber's Law in Primate Ranging
Patterns.},
Journal = {The American naturalist},
Volume = {156},
Number = {5},
Pages = {519-533},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Year = {2000},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0003-0147},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000089948600005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {At the most fundamental level, the size of an animal's home
range is determined by its energy needs. In the absence of
confounding variables, home range size should therefore
scale with body mass according to Kleiber's exponent for
metabolic rate of 0.75. Comparative studies in a wide range
of taxa have failed to confirm this prediction: home range
size has commonly been found to scale with an exponent
significantly >0.75. We develop a comparative measure of
metabolic needs that incorporates both mass-specific
metabolic rate and social-group size. We test the prediction
that home range size in primates scales isometrically with
this measure when an appropriate linear model is applied to
data corrected for phylogenetic bias. Analyses using species
values as data points indicate an exponent consistent with
Kleiber's law. This result is misleading, however, because
ecological factors confound the analysis, and the slopes
within some ecologically homogeneous taxa are steeper.
Accordingly, in analyses based on independent contrasts with
reduced major axis, slopes are significantly greater than
predicted by Kleiber's law. We examine the effects of other
variables, and we find that systematic variation in
substrate use, home range overlap, and diet account for the
steeper than expected relationship between home range size
and metabolic needs based on Kleiber's law. We therefore
conclude that the scaling of home range size is subject to
Kleiber's law but in combination with other factors. These
results emphasize that the study of allometry requires
detailed attention to statistical models and control of
confounding variables.},
Doi = {10.1086/303405},
Key = {fds240902}
}
@article{fds219002,
Author = {CL Nunn},
Title = {Maternal recognition of infant calls in ring-tailed
lemurs.},
Journal = {Folia primatologica; international journal of
primatology},
Volume = {71},
Number = {3},
Pages = {142-6},
Year = {2000},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0015-5713},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/21742},
Keywords = {Animals Female Lemur Male Maternal Age Maternal Behavior
Memory Vocalization, Animal physiology physiology*},
Abstract = {The behavioral and ecological factors involved in immune
system evolution remain poorly explored. We present a
phylogenetic analysis of white blood cell counts in primates
to test three hypotheses related to disease risk: increases
in risk are expected with group size or population density,
exposure to soil-borne pathogens, and mating promiscuity.
White blood cell counts were significantly greater in
species where females have more mating partners, indicating
that the risk of sexually transmitted disease is likely to
be a major factor leading to systematic differences in the
primate immune system.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {21742},
Key = {fds219002}
}
@article{fds240838,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Pereira, ME},
Title = {Group histories and offspring sex ratios in ringtailed
lemurs (Lemur catta)},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Volume = {48},
Number = {1},
Pages = {18-28},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2000},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650000206},
Abstract = {Birth sex ratios were examined for ringtailed lemurs (Lemur
catta) at the Duke University Primate Center. This
population provides a long-term database of births under a
variety of demographic and management conditions, including
two semi-freeranging groups between which males transfer
freely and females defend stable territorial boundaries. We
examined three hypotheses usually considered in studies of
primate sex ratio bias. The Trivers-Willard hypothesis
predicts that dominant females produce males, local resource
competition at the population level (LRC-population)
predicts that the dispersing sex (males) will be
overproduced in dense populations, and local resource
competition among individuals (LRC-individual) predicts that
dominant females overproduce the philopatric sex (females).
We also examined a fourth hypothesis, local resource
enhancement (LRE), which is usually subsumed under
LRC-individual in studies of primate sex ratio evolution.
LRE predicts that under certain conditions, females will
produce the sex that provides later cooperative benefits,
such as alliance support for within- or between-group
competition. Our data provide support for LRE: females
overproduce daughters given prospects of new group
formation, either through group fission or threatened
expulsion of young mothers. Behavioral data from Duke and
also wild populations show that daughters serve mothers as
important allies in this context and LRE effects also have
been documented in other mammals that experience similar
group histories. Nonsignificant trends in the data supported
the LRC-population hypothesis, and we suggest that LRC
interacts with LRE to explain offspring sex ratios in
ringtailed lemurs.},
Doi = {10.1007/s002650000206},
Key = {fds240838}
}
@article{fds240917,
Author = {Nunn, CL},
Title = {Maternal recognition of infant calls in ring-tailed
lemurs.},
Journal = {Folia primatologica; international journal of
primatology},
Volume = {71},
Number = {3},
Pages = {142-146},
Year = {2000},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0015-5713},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10828691},
Doi = {10.1159/000021742},
Key = {fds240917}
}
@article{fds240915,
Author = {Deaner, RO and Nunn, CL and van Schaik, CP},
Title = {Comparative tests of primate cognition: different scaling
methods produce different results.},
Journal = {Brain, behavior and evolution},
Volume = {55},
Number = {1},
Pages = {44-52},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0006-8977},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10773625},
Keywords = {Animals Brain Brain Mapping Cognition Homing Behavior
Primates Regression Analysis Social Behavior Space
Perception Species Specificity Time Perception anatomy &
histology physiology physiology*},
Abstract = {Although early comparative studies supported hypotheses that
ecological demands selected for primate cognition, later
work indicated that social demands were more important. One
difference between earlier and later studies is that earlier
studies scaled brain structures by (A) taking residuals from
an interspecific regression of the brain structure in
question on body mass, whereas later studies scaled them by
(B) taking residuals from an interspecific regression of the
brain structure in question on another brain structure or by
(C) taking ratios of the brain structure in question to
another brain structure. We conducted a series of
comparative tests to explore the possibility that the
different methods are responsible for the discrepancy
between earlier and later studies. Specifically, we tested
the ability of a social variable - group size - and an
ecological variable - home range size - to explain variation
in the non-V1 isocortex (isocortex minus primary visual
cortex) when this structure was scaled with the three
different methods. In multiple regression analysis, group
size was a better predictor of the non-V1 isocortex with
method (B). With methods (A) and (C), however, results were
ambiguous: either home range size or group size explained
more of the variation, depending on the inclusion of
outliers, the use of independent contrasts, and whether home
range size was scaled relative to body mass. We examine the
three scaling methods and find no reasonable basis for
preferring any of them. Hence, our results do not allow a
distinction between social and ecological hypotheses. The
general implications of our study are that (1) previous
comparative studies are inconclusive and (2) further
research is needed to develop a scaling method where
relative measures of brain structure size are demonstrated
to correspond with behavioral performance.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1159/000006641},
Key = {fds240915}
}
@article{fds325292,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Barton, RA},
Title = {Allometric slopes and independent contrasts: a comparative
test of Kleiber's law in primate ranging
patterns.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {239-239},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds325292}
}
@misc{fds219070,
Author = {C.L. Nunn},
Title = {Collective action, free-riders, and male extragroup
conflict.},
Pages = {192-204},
Booktitle = {Primate Males},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds219070}
}
@misc{fds219071,
Author = {C.L. Nunn and C.P. van Schaik},
Title = {Intersexual conflict and ecological factors in primate
social evolution.},
Pages = {388-419},
Booktitle = {Infanticide by Males and its Implications},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds219071}
}
@misc{fds219074,
Author = {C.L. Nunn and K. Hodges and C.P. van Schaik},
Title = {Paternity confusion and the ovarian cycles of female
primates.},
Pages = {361-387},
Booktitle = {Infanticide of Males and its Implications},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds219074}
}
@article{fds240913,
Author = {Nunn, CL},
Title = {The evolution of exaggerated sexual swellings in primates
and the graded-signal hypothesis.},
Journal = {Animal behaviour},
Volume = {58},
Number = {2},
Pages = {229-246},
Year = {1999},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10458874},
Keywords = {Animals Brain Brain Mapping Cognition Homing Behavior
Primates Regression Analysis Social Behavior Space
Perception Species Specificity Time Perception anatomy &
histology physiology physiology*},
Abstract = {Females of some Old World primate taxa advertise their
sexual receptivity with exaggerated sexual swellings.
Although a number of hypotheses have been proposed, the
function of this conspicuous trait remains unsolved. This
review updates information on the phylogenetic distribution
of exaggerated swellings and identifies aspects of the
morphology, physiology and behaviour of species with this
conspicuous trait. Some of these patterns represent new
information, while other patterns have been previously
identified, but not in ways that control for phylogeny. This
review shows that exaggerated swellings are correlated with
some features that serve to confuse paternity certainty
among males, while other features tend to bias paternity
towards more dominant males. Hypotheses for the evolution of
exaggerated swellings are then reviewed and critically
evaluated. Individually, no single hypothesis can account
for all the patterns associated with exaggerated swellings;
however, a combination of different hypotheses may explain
the contradiction between confusing and biasing paternity. I
suggest that exaggerated swellings can be viewed as
distributions representing the probability of ovulation (the
graded-signal hypothesis). In the context of this
probabilistic model, exaggerated swellings enable females to
manipulate male behaviour by altering the costs and benefits
of mate guarding, so that dominant males tend to guard only
at peak swelling, but females can mate with multiple males
outside peak swelling to confuse paternity. This hypothesis
makes testable predictions for future comparative and
observational research. Copyright 1999 The Association for
the Study of Animal Behaviour.},
Language = {ENG},
Doi = {10.1006/anbe.1999.1159},
Key = {fds240913}
}
@article{fds240903,
Author = {Nunn, CL},
Title = {The number of males in primate social groups: A comparative
test of the socioecological model},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Volume = {46},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-13},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1999},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0340-5443},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000081085000001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {As applied to polygynous mammals, the socioecological model
assumes that environmental risks and resources determine the
spatial and temporal distribution of females, which then
sets male strategies for monopolizing fertile matings. The
effects of female spatial distribution (i.e., female number)
and temporal overlap (female mating synchrony) have been
examined in comparative studies of primates, but the
relative influence of these two factors on male
monopolization potential (the number of males) remains
unclear. One particular problem is that female synchrony is
more difficult to estimate than female number. This paper
uses multivariate statistical methods and three independent
estimates of female synchrony to assess the roles of spatial
and temporal effects in the context of a phylogenetically
corrected dataset. These analyses are based on sensitivity
analyses involving a total of four phylogenies, with two
sets of branch length estimates for each tree, and one
nonphylogenetic analysis in which species values are used
(because male behavior may represent a facultative response
to the distribution of females). The results show: (1) that
breeding seasonality predicts male number (statistically
significant in six out of nine sensitivity tests); (2) that
expected female overlap, after controlling for female group
size using residuals, also accounts for the number of males
in primate groups (significant in eight out of nine tests),
and (3) that actual estimates of female mating synchrony
predict male number, again after correcting for female group
size (significant in five out of nine tests). Nonsignificant
results are in the predicted direction, and female group
size is significant in all statistical tests. These analyses
therefore demonstrate an independent influence of female
temporal overlap on male monopolization strategies in
mammalian social systems.},
Doi = {10.1007/s002650050586},
Key = {fds240903}
}
@article{fds240914,
Author = {Deaner, RO and Nunn, CL},
Title = {How quickly do brains catch up with bodies? A comparative
method for detecting evolutionary lag.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {266},
Number = {1420},
Pages = {687-694},
Year = {1999},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0962-8452},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10331289},
Keywords = {Animals Biological Evolution* Body Constitution* Brain
Female Male Models, Biological Organ Size Phylogeny Primates
anatomy & histology anatomy & histology*},
Abstract = {A trait may be at odds with theoretical expectation because
it is still in the process of responding to a recent
selective force. Such a situation can be termed evolutionary
lag. Although many cases of evolutionary lag have been
suggested, almost all of the arguments have focused on trait
fitness. An alternative approach is to examine the
prediction that trait expression is a function of the time
over which the trait could evolve. Here we present a
phylogenetic comparative method for using this 'time'
approach and we apply the method to a long-standing lag
hypothesis: evolutionary changes in brain size lag behind
evolutionary changes in body size. We tested the prediction
in primates that brain mass contrast residuals, calculated
from a regression of pairwise brain mass contrasts on
positive pairwise body mass contrasts, are correlated with
the time since the paired species diverged. Contrary to the
brain size lag hypothesis, time since divergence was not
significantly correlated with brain mass contrast residuals.
We found the same result when we accounted for socioecology,
used alternative body mass estimates and used male rather
than female values. These tests do not support the brain
size lag hypothesis. Therefore, body mass need not be viewed
as a suspect variable in comparative neuroanatomical studies
and relative brain size should not be used to infer recent
evolutionary changes in body size.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.1999.0690},
Key = {fds240914}
}
@article{fds325293,
Author = {Nunn, CL},
Title = {The number of males in primate social groups: a comparative
test of the socioecological model.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {213-213},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds325293}
}
@article{fds240920,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Smith, KK},
Title = {Statistical analyses of developmental sequences: the
craniofacial region in marsupial and placental
mammals.},
Journal = {The American naturalist},
Volume = {152},
Number = {1},
Pages = {82-101},
Year = {1998},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0003-0147},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18811403},
Keywords = {Animals Female Humans Immunity* Immunocompetence Insects
Leukocyte Count Longevity Male Mammals Models, Immunological
Sex Characteristics* immunology},
Abstract = {Heterochrony is most often thought to involve changes in the
rate of development or maturation (rate changes). However,
heterochrony can also involve changes in the timing of
specific developmental events relative to other events
(sequence changes). Sequence changes have received much less
attention than have changes in developmental rates, in part
because few methods exist for comparing developmental
sequences. Here, we present two methods to statistically
evaluate developmental sequence changes. First, Kendall's
coefficient of concordance (W) is used to quantify overall
similarity of developmental sequences in two or more groups
of organisms, and second, ANOVA is used to identify the
individual events that differ most in their relative
developmental timing. Computer simulation is used to control
for the nonindependence of species. We examine the sequence
of developmental events in the craniofacial region of
marsupial and placental mammals. We conclude that the most
important differences in development in the two clades
relate to the relative sequence of development of the
central nervous system and somatic elements of the
craniofacial region. The rationale behind the methods and
their limitations are discussed, and the results from this
study are compared with a previous analysis.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1086/286151},
Key = {fds240920}
}
@article{fds240912,
Author = {Nunn, CL},
Title = {A simulation test of Smith's "Degrees of freedom" correction
for comparative studies.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {98},
Number = {3},
Pages = {355-367},
Year = {1995},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8572158},
Keywords = {Analysis of Variance Biological Evolution Classification
Computer Simulation* Phylogeny* Reproducibility of Results
Software Statistics as Topic methods*},
Abstract = {Computer simulation was used to test Smith's (1994)
correction for phylogenetic nonindependence in comparative
studies. Smith's method find effective N, which is computed
using nested analysis of variance, and uses this value in
place of observed N as the baseline degrees of freedom (df)
for calculating statistical significance levels. If Smith's
formula finds the correct df, distributions of
computer-generated statistics from simulations with observed
N nonindependent species should match theoretical
distributions (from statistical tables) with the df based on
effective N. The computer program developed to test Smith's
method simulates character evolution down user-specified
phylogenies. Parameters were systematically varied to
discover their effects on Smith's method. In simulations in
which the phylogeny and taxonomy were identical (tests of
narrow-sense validity), Smith's method always gave
conservative statistical results when the taxonomy had fewer
than five levels. This conservative departure gave way to a
liberal deviation in type I error rates in simulations using
more than five taxonomic levels, except when species values
were nearly independent. Reducing the number of taxonomic
levels used in the analysis, and thereby eliminating
available information regarding evolutionary relationships,
also increased type I error rates (broad-sense validity),
indicating that this may be inappropriate under conditions
shown to have high type I error rates. However, the use of
taxonomic categories over more accurate phylogenies did not
create a liberal bias in all cases in the analysis performed
here. The effect of correlated trait evolution was ambiguous
but, relative to other parameters, negligible.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330980308},
Key = {fds240912}
}
@article{fds219076,
Author = {C.L. Nunn},
Title = {A simulation test of Smith's "degrees of freedom" correction
for comparative studies.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {98},
Pages = {355-367},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds219076}
}
%% Perchalski, Bernadette
@article{fds337605,
Author = {Perchalski, B and Placke, A and Sukhdeo, SM and Shaw, CN and Gosman, JH and Raichlen, DA and Ryan, TM},
Title = {Asymmetry in the Cortical and Trabecular Bone of the Human
Humerus During Development},
Journal = {Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)},
Volume = {301},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1012-1025},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Editor = {Yamada, DS and Albertine, DKH},
Year = {2018},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.23705},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.23705},
Key = {fds337605}
}
%% Perry, Jonathan M.
@article{fds46378,
Author = {Perry JMG},
Title = {Scaling of the chewing muscles in prosimians.},
Booktitle = {Primate Craniofacial Function and Biology},
Publisher = {Springer},
Editor = {CJ Vinyard and MJ Ravosa and CE Wall},
Year = {2006},
Month = {Fall},
Key = {fds46378}
}
@misc{fds46433,
Author = {Perry JMG},
Title = {Breakdown of Food by Early Fossil Primates: Assessed with
the Aid of a Machine that Simulates Mastication.},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds46433}
}
@article{fds46432,
Author = {Perry JMG and Wall CE},
Title = {A study of the scaling patterns of physiological
cross-sectional area of the chewing muscles in
prosimians},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {40},
Pages = {165},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds46432}
}
@misc{fds46381,
Author = {Kay RF and Schmitt D and Vinyard CJ and Perry JMG and Shigehara N and Takai
M and Naoko E},
Title = {The paleobiology of Amphipithecidae, South Asian late Eocene
primates},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {46},
Pages = {3-25},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds46381}
}
@article{fds46383,
Author = {Perry JMG and Wall CE},
Title = {Theoretical expectations and empirical features of prosimiam
chewing muscles},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {24},
Number = {2-suppl},
Pages = {101A},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds46383}
}
@article{fds46384,
Author = {Perry JMG and Wall CE and Williams BA},
Title = {The anatomy of the masticatory muscles in two strepsirrhine
primates and inference of muscle attachment areas from
osteological material},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {23},
Number = {3-suppl},
Pages = {87},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds46384}
}
@article{fds46385,
Author = {Perry JMG},
Title = {Early primate diets: masticatory performance and
morphometrics},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {21},
Number = {3 suppl},
Pages = {88},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds46385}
}
@article{fds46386,
Author = {Perry JMG},
Title = {Biomechanical simulation of chewing to assess diet in early
Tertiary primates},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {19},
Number = {3 suppl},
Pages = {68},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds46386}
}
%% Petty, Joseph M
@article{fds218615,
Author = {Kordonowy LL and Burg E and Lenox CC and Gauthier LM and Petty JM and Antkowiak M and Palvinskaya T and Ubags N and Rinco´n M and Dixon AE and Vernooy JHJ and Fessler MB and Poynter ME and Suratt
BT},
Title = {Obesity Is Associated with Neutrophil Dysfunction and
Attenuation of Murine Acute Lung Injury},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds218615}
}
@article{fds218613,
Author = {Aktan I and Chant A and Borg ZD and Damby DE and Leenstra, PC and Lilley
GWG, Petty JM and Suratt BT and Teuscher C and Wakeland EK and Poynter
ME, Boyson JE},
Title = {Slam haplotypes modulate the response to lipopolysaccharide
In Vivo through control of NKT cell number and
function},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds218613}
}
@article{fds218614,
Author = {Petty JM and Lenox CC and Nolin JD and Kordonowy LL and Burg E and Panoskaltsis-Mortari A and Poynter ME and Suratt
BT},
Title = {Transgenic mice inducibly overexpressing Pulmonary SDF-1
demonstrate augmented lung neutrophilia after
injury},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds218614}
}
@article{fds218611,
Author = {Suratt BT and Eisner MD and Calfee CS and Alard JB and Whittaker LA and Engelken DT and Petty J and Trimarchi T and Gauthier L and Parsons
PE},
Title = {Plasma G-CSF levels correlate with clinical outcomes in
patients with acute lung injury.},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds218611}
}
@article{fds218612,
Author = {Petty JM and Lenox CC and Weiss DJ and Poynter ME and Suratt
BT},
Title = {Crosstalk between CXCR4/SDF-1 and VLA-4/VCAM-1 pathways
regulates neutrophil retention in the bone
marrow},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds218612}
}
%% Pfefferle, Dana
@article{fds224150,
Author = {Pfefferle, D. and Kazem, A. J. N. and Brockhausen, R. R and Ruiz-Lambides, A. V. and Widdig, A.},
Title = {Monkeys spontaneously discriminate their unfamiliar paternal
kin under natural conditions using facial
cues},
Journal = {Current Biology},
Year = {2014},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.06.058},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2014.06.058},
Key = {fds224150}
}
@article{fds223455,
Author = {Pfefferle, D. and Ruiz-Lambides, A. V. and Widdig},
Title = {Female rhesus macaques discriminate unfamiliar paternal
sisters in playback experiments: support for acoustic
phenotype matching},
Journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series
B},
Volume = {281},
Number = {20131628},
Year = {2014},
Key = {fds223455}
}
@article{fds223456,
Author = {Higham, J. P. and Pfefferle, D. and Heisterman, M. and Maestripierie, D. and Stevens, M},
Title = {Signaling in multiple modalities in male rhesus macaques:
sex skin coloration and barks in relation to androgen
levels, social status, and mating behavior},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Volume = {67},
Pages = {1457-1469},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds223456}
}
@article{fds223457,
Author = {Pfefferle, D. and Heisterman, M. and Hodges, J. K. and Fischer,
J},
Title = {Influence of estrogen and progesterone on the structure of
female Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus) copulation
calls},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {32},
Pages = {992-1006},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-011-9517-8},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-011-9517-8},
Key = {fds223457}
}
@article{fds223458,
Author = {Pfefferle, D. and Heisterman, M. and Hodges, J. K. and Fischer,
J},
Title = {Male Barbary macaques eavesdrop on mating outcome: a
playback study},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {75},
Pages = {1885-1891},
Year = {2008},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.12.003},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.12.003},
Key = {fds223458}
}
@article{fds223459,
Author = {Pfefferle, D. and Brauch, K. and Heistermann, M. and Hodges, J. K. and Fischer, J},
Title = {Female Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus) copulation calls do
not reveal the fertile phase but influence mating
outcome},
Journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series
B},
Volume = {275},
Pages = {571-578},
Year = {2008},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.1499},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2007.1499},
Key = {fds223459}
}
@article{fds223460,
Author = {Heistermann, M. and Brauch, K. and Möhle, U. and Pfefferle, D. and Dittami, J. and Hodges},
Title = {Female ovarian cycle phase affects the timing of male sexual
activity in free-ranging Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus)
of Gibraltar},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {70},
Pages = {44-53},
Year = {2008},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20455},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.20455},
Key = {fds223460}
}
@article{fds223463,
Author = {Pfefferle, D. and West, P. M. and Grinnell, J. and Packer, C. and Fischer, J},
Title = {Do acoustic features of lion, Panthera leo, roars reflect
sex and male condition?},
Journal = {Journal of the Acoustic Society of America},
Volume = {121},
Pages = {3947-3953},
Year = {2007},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2722507},
Doi = {10.1121/1.2722507},
Key = {fds223463}
}
@article{fds223461,
Author = {Brauch, K. and Pfefferle, D. and Hodges, K. and Möhle, U. and Fischer, J. and Heistermann, M},
Title = {Female sexual behavior and sexual swelling size as potential
cues for males to discern the female fertile phase in
free-ranging Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) of
Gibraltar},
Journal = {Hormones and Behavior},
Volume = {52},
Pages = {375-383},
Year = {2007},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.06.001},
Doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.06.001},
Key = {fds223461}
}
@article{fds223462,
Author = {Ey, E. and Pfefferle, D. and Fischer, J},
Title = {Do age- and sex-related variations reliably reflect body
size in non-human primate vocalizations? - a
review},
Journal = {Primates},
Volume = {48},
Pages = {253-267},
Year = {2007},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10329-006-0033-y},
Doi = {10.1007/s10329-006-0033-y},
Key = {fds223462}
}
@article{fds223464,
Author = {Pfefferle, D. and Fischer, J},
Title = {Sounds and Size – identification of acoustic variables
that reflect body size in Hamadryas baboons (Papio
hamadryas)},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {72},
Pages = {43-51},
Year = {2006},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.08.021},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.08.021},
Key = {fds223464}
}
%% Platt, Michael L.
@article{fds267798,
Author = {MA Addicott and JM Pearson and N Kaiser and ML Platt and FJ
McClernon},
Title = {Suboptimal foraging behavior: a new perspective on
gambling.},
Journal = {Behavioral neuroscience},
Volume = {129},
Number = {5},
Pages = {656-665},
Year = {2015},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0735-7044},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bne0000082},
Abstract = {Why do people gamble? Conventional views hold that gambling
may be motivated by irrational beliefs, risk-seeking,
impulsive temperament, or dysfunction within the same reward
circuitry affected by drugs of abuse. An alternate,
unexplored perspective is that gambling is an extension of
natural foraging behavior to a financial environment.
However, when these foraging algorithms are applied to
stochastic gambling outcomes, undesirable results may occur.
To test this hypothesis, we recruited participants based on
their frequency of gambling-yearly (or less), monthly, and
weekly-and investigated how gambling frequency related to
irrational beliefs, risk-taking/impulsivity, and foraging
behavior. We found that increased gambling frequency
corresponded to greater gambling-related beliefs, more
exploratory choices on an explore/exploit foraging task, and
fewer points earned on a Patchy Foraging Task.
Gambling-related beliefs negatively related to performance
on the Patchy Foraging Task, indicating that individuals
with more gambling-related cognitions tended to leave a
patch too quickly. This indicates that frequent gamblers
have reduced foraging ability to maximize rewards; however,
gambling frequency -and by extension, poor foraging ability-
was not related to risk-taking or impulsive behavior. These
results suggest that gambling reflects the application of a
dysfunctional foraging process to financial
outcomes.},
Doi = {10.1037/bne0000082},
Key = {fds267798}
}
@article{fds267799,
Author = {CB Drucker and ML Carlson and K Toda and NK DeWind and ML
Platt},
Title = {Non-invasive primate head restraint using thermoplastic
masks.},
Journal = {Journal of neuroscience methods},
Volume = {253},
Pages = {90-100},
Year = {2015},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0165-0270},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.06.013},
Abstract = {The success of many neuroscientific studies depends upon
adequate head fixation of awake, behaving animals.
Typically, this is achieved by surgically affixing a
head-restraint prosthesis to the skull.Here we report the
use of thermoplastic masks to non-invasively restrain
monkeys' heads. Mesh thermoplastic sheets become pliable
when heated and can then be molded to an individual monkey's
head. After cooling, the custom mask retains this shape
indefinitely for day-to-day use.We successfully trained
rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) to perform cognitive tasks
while wearing thermoplastic masks. Using these masks, we
achieved a level of head stability sufficient for
high-resolution eye-tracking and intracranial
electrophysiology.Compared with traditional head-posts, we
find that thermoplastic masks perform at least as well
during infrared eye-tracking and single-neuron recordings,
allow for clearer magnetic resonance image acquisition,
enable freer placement of a transcranial magnetic
stimulation coil, and impose lower financial and time costs
on the lab.We conclude that thermoplastic masks are a viable
non-invasive form of primate head restraint that enable a
wide range of neuroscientific experiments.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.06.013},
Key = {fds267799}
}
@article{fds267800,
Author = {NK DeWind and GK Adams and ML Platt and EM Brannon},
Title = {Modeling the approximate number system to quantify the
contribution of visual stimulus features.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {142},
Pages = {247-265},
Year = {2015},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0010-0277},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2015.05.016},
Abstract = {The approximate number system (ANS) subserves estimation of
the number of items in a set. Typically, ANS function is
assessed by requiring participants to compare the number of
dots in two arrays. Accuracy is determined by the numerical
ratio of the sets being compared, and each participant's
Weber fraction (w) provides a quantitative index of ANS
acuity. When making numerical comparisons, however,
performance is also influenced by non-numerical features of
the stimuli, such as the size and spacing of dots. Current
models of numerosity comparison do not account for these
effects and consequently lead to different estimates of w
depending on the methods used to control for non-numerical
features. Here we proffer a new model that teases apart the
effects of ANS acuity from the effects of non-numerical
stimulus features. The result is an estimate of w that is a
more theoretically valid representation of numerical acuity
and novel terms that denote the degree to which a
participant's perception of number is affected by
non-numerical features. We tested this model in a sample of
20 adults and found that, by correctly attributing errors
due to non-numerical stimulus features, the w obtained was
more reliable across different stimulus conditions. We found
that although non-numerical features biased numerosity
discriminations in all participants, number was the primary
feature driving discriminations in most of them. Our
findings support the idea that, while numerosity is a
distinct visual quantity, the internal representation of
number is tightly bound to the representation of other
magnitudes. This tool for identifying the different effects
of the numerical and non-numerical features of a stimulus
has important implications not only for the behavioral
investigation of the ANS, but also for the collection and
analyses of neural data sets associated with ANS
function.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2015.05.016},
Key = {fds267800}
}
@article{fds267801,
Author = {KK Watson and D Li and LJ Brent and JE Horvath and J Gonzalez-Martinez and RA Lambides and AG Robinson and JH Skene and ML
Platt},
Title = {Genetic influences on social attention in free-ranging
rhesus macaques.},
Journal = {Animal behaviour},
Volume = {103},
Pages = {267-275},
Year = {2015},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.02.012},
Abstract = {An ethological approach to attention predicts that organisms
orient preferentially to valuable sources of information in
the environment. For many gregarious species, orienting to
other individuals provides valuable social information but
competes with food acquisition, water consumption and
predator avoidance. Individual variation in vigilance
behaviour in humans spans a continuum from inattentive to
pathological levels of interest in others. To assess the
comparative biology of this behavioural variation, we probed
vigilance rates in free-ranging macaques during water
drinking, a behaviour incompatible with the gaze and
postural demands of vigilance. Males were significantly more
vigilant than females. Moreover, vigilance showed a clear
genetic component, with an estimated heritability of 12%.
Monkeys carrying a relatively infrequent 'long' allele of
TPH2, a regulatory gene that influences serotonin production
in the brain, were significantly less vigilant compared to
monkeys that did not carry the allele. These findings
resonate with the hypothesis that the serotonin pathway
regulates vigilance in primates and by extension provoke the
idea that individual variation in vigilance and its
underlying biology may be adaptive rather than
pathological.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.02.012},
Key = {fds267801}
}
@article{fds267803,
Author = {RB Ebitz and ML Platt},
Title = {Neuronal activity in primate dorsal anterior cingulate
cortex signals task conflict and predicts adjustments in
pupil-linked arousal.},
Journal = {Neuron},
Volume = {85},
Number = {3},
Pages = {628-640},
Year = {2015},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0896-6273},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.053},
Abstract = {Whether driving a car, shopping for food, or paying
attention in a classroom of boisterous teenagers, it's often
hard to maintain focus on goals in the face of distraction.
Brain imaging studies in humans implicate the dorsal
anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) in regulating the conflict
between goals and distractors. Here we show that single dACC
neurons signal conflict between task goals and distractors
in the rhesus macaque, particularly for biologically
relevant social stimuli. For some neurons, task conflict
signals predicted subsequent changes in pupil size-a
peripheral index of arousal linked to noradrenergic
tone-associated with reduced distractor interference. dACC
neurons also responded to errors, and these signals
predicted adjustments in pupil size. These findings provide
the first neurophysiological endorsement of the hypothesis
that dACC regulates conflict, in part, via modulation of
pupil-linked processes such as arousal.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.053},
Key = {fds267803}
}
@article{fds267806,
Author = {K Toda and ML Platt},
Title = {Animal cognition: monkeys pass the mirror
test.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {25},
Number = {2},
Pages = {R64-R66},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0960-9822},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.12.005},
Abstract = {A new study finds that rhesus monkeys display
self-recognition behaviors toward a mirror after multimodal
sensory-motor training. This finding closes a prior gap in
the evolutionary continuity of animal cognition and opens
new frontiers for exploring the neurobiological basis of
self-awareness.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2014.12.005},
Key = {fds267806}
}
@misc{fds267797,
Author = {I Crome and LT Wu and RT Rao and P Crome},
Title = {Introduction},
Journal = {scopus},
Pages = {xxiv-xxv},
Year = {2014},
Month = {December},
ISBN = {9781118430965},
Key = {fds267797}
}
@article{fds267807,
Author = {SW Chang and ML Platt},
Title = {Amygdala: eyes wide open.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {24},
Number = {20},
Pages = {R1000-R1002},
Year = {2014},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0960-9822},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.08.044},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2014.08.044},
Key = {fds267807}
}
@article{fds267829,
Author = {SW Chang and ML Platt},
Title = {Oxytocin and social cognition in rhesus macaques:
implications for understanding and treating human
psychopathology.},
Journal = {Brain Res},
Volume = {1580},
Pages = {57-68},
Year = {2014},
Month = {September},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24231551},
Abstract = {Converging evidence from humans and non-human animals
indicates that the neurohypophysial hormone oxytocin (OT)
evolved to serve a specialized function in social behavior
in mammals. Although OT-based therapies are currently being
evaluated as remedies for social deficits in
neuropsychiatric disorders, precisely how OT regulates
complex social processes remains largely unknown. Here we
describe how a non-human primate model can be used to
understand the mechanisms by which OT regulates social
cognition and thereby inform its clinical application in
humans. We focus primarily on recent advances in our
understanding of OT-mediated social cognition in rhesus
macaques (Macaca mulatta), supplemented by discussion of
recent work in humans, other primates, and rodents.
Together, these studies endorse the hypothesis that OT
promotes social exploration both by amplifying social
motivation and by attenuating social vigilance. This article
is part of a Special Issue entitled Oxytocin and Social
Behav.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2013.11.006},
Key = {fds267829}
}
@article{fds267809,
Author = {AV Utevsky and ML Platt},
Title = {Status and the brain.},
Journal = {PLoS biology},
Volume = {12},
Number = {9},
Pages = {e1001941},
Year = {2014},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1544-9173},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001941},
Abstract = {Social hierarchy is a fact of life for many animals.
Navigating social hierarchy requires understanding one's own
status relative to others and behaving accordingly, while
achieving higher status may call upon cunning and strategic
thinking. The neural mechanisms mediating social status have
become increasingly well understood in invertebrates and
model organisms like fish and mice but until recently have
remained more opaque in humans and other primates. In a new
study in this issue, Noonan and colleagues explore the
neural correlates of social rank in macaques. Using both
structural and functional brain imaging, they found neural
changes associated with individual monkeys' social status,
including alterations in the amygdala, hypothalamus, and
brainstem--areas previously implicated in dominance-related
behavior in other vertebrates. A separate but related
network in the temporal and prefrontal cortex appears to
mediate more cognitive aspects of strategic social behavior.
These findings begin to delineate the neural circuits that
enable us to navigate our own social worlds. A major
remaining challenge is identifying how these networks
contribute functionally to our social lives, which may open
new avenues for developing innovative treatments for social
disorders.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.1001941},
Key = {fds267809}
}
@article{fds267813,
Author = {JK Mueller and EM Grigsby and V Prevosto and FW Petraglia and H Rao and ZD
Deng, AV Peterchev and MA Sommer and T Egner and ML Platt and WM
Grill},
Title = {Simultaneous transcranial magnetic stimulation and
single-neuron recording in alert non-human
primates.},
Journal = {Nature neuroscience},
Volume = {17},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1130-1136},
Year = {2014},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {1097-6256},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9482 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a widely used,
noninvasive method for stimulating nervous tissue, yet its
mechanisms of effect are poorly understood. Here we report
new methods for studying the influence of TMS on single
neurons in the brain of alert non-human primates. We
designed a TMS coil that focuses its effect near the tip of
a recording electrode and recording electronics that enable
direct acquisition of neuronal signals at the site of peak
stimulus strength minimally perturbed by stimulation
artifact in awake monkeys (Macaca mulatta). We recorded
action potentials within ∼1 ms after 0.4-ms TMS pulses and
observed changes in activity that differed significantly for
active stimulation as compared with sham stimulation. This
methodology is compatible with standard equipment in primate
laboratories, allowing easy implementation. Application of
these tools will facilitate the refinement of next
generation TMS devices, experiments and treatment
protocols.},
Doi = {10.1038/nn.3751},
Key = {fds267813}
}
@article{fds267816,
Author = {JM Pearson and KK Watson and ML Platt},
Title = {Decision making: the neuroethological turn.},
Journal = {Neuron},
Volume = {82},
Number = {5},
Pages = {950-965},
Year = {2014},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0896-6273},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2014.04.037},
Abstract = {Neuroeconomics applies models from economics and psychology
to inform neurobiological studies of choice. This approach
has revealed neural signatures of concepts like value, risk,
and ambiguity, which are known to influence decision making.
Such observations have led theorists to hypothesize a
single, unified decision process that mediates choice
behavior via a common neural currency for outcomes like
food, money, or social praise. In parallel, recent
neuroethological studies of decision making have focused on
natural behaviors like foraging, mate choice, and social
interactions. These decisions strongly impact evolutionary
fitness and thus are likely to have played a key role in
shaping the neural circuits that mediate decision making.
This approach has revealed a suite of computational motifs
that appear to be shared across a wide variety of organisms.
We argue that the existence of deep homologies in the neural
circuits mediating choice may have profound implications for
understanding human decision making in health and
disease.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2014.04.037},
Key = {fds267816}
}
@article{fds267819,
Author = {EL MacLean and B Hare and CL Nunn and E Addessi and F Amici and RC
Anderson, F Aureli and JM Baker and AE Bania and AM Barnard and NJ
Boogert, EM Brannon and EE Bray and J Bray and LJ Brent and JM Burkart and J Call and JF Cantlon and LG Cheke and NS Clayton and MM Delgado and LJ
DiVincenti, K Fujita and E Herrmann and C Hiramatsu and LF Jacobs and KE
Jordan, JR Laude and KL Leimgruber and EJ Messer and AC Moura and L
Ostojić, A Picard and ML Platt and JM Plotnik and F Range and SM
Reader, RB Reddy and AA Sandel and LR Santos and K Schumann and AM Seed and KB Sewall and RC Shaw and KE Slocombe and Y Su and A Takimoto and J Tan and R
Tao, CP van Schaik and Z Virányi and E Visalberghi and JC Wade and A
Watanabe, J Widness and JK Young and TR Zentall and Y
Zhao},
Title = {The evolution of self-control.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {111},
Number = {20},
Pages = {E2140-E2148},
Year = {2014},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1323533111},
Abstract = {Cognition presents evolutionary research with one of its
greatest challenges. Cognitive evolution has been explained
at the proximate level by shifts in absolute and relative
brain volume and at the ultimate level by differences in
social and dietary complexity. However, no study has
integrated the experimental and phylogenetic approach at the
scale required to rigorously test these explanations.
Instead, previous research has largely relied on various
measures of brain size as proxies for cognitive abilities.
We experimentally evaluated these major evolutionary
explanations by quantitatively comparing the cognitive
performance of 567 individuals representing 36 species on
two problem-solving tasks measuring self-control.
Phylogenetic analysis revealed that absolute brain volume
best predicted performance across species and accounted for
considerably more variance than brain volume controlling for
body mass. This result corroborates recent advances in
evolutionary neurobiology and illustrates the cognitive
consequences of cortical reorganization through increases in
brain volume. Within primates, dietary breadth but not
social group size was a strong predictor of species
differences in self-control. Our results implicate robust
evolutionary relationships between dietary breadth, absolute
brain volume, and self-control. These findings provide a
significant first step toward quantifying the primate
cognitive phenome and explaining the process of cognitive
evolution.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1323533111},
Key = {fds267819}
}
@article{fds267826,
Author = {LJ Brent and SW Chang and JF Gariépy and ML Platt},
Title = {The neuroethology of friendship.},
Journal = {Ann N Y Acad Sci},
Volume = {1316},
Pages = {1-17},
Year = {2014},
Month = {May},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24329760},
Abstract = {Friendship pervades the human social landscape. These bonds
are so important that disrupting them leads to health
problems, and difficulties forming or maintaining
friendships attend neuropsychiatric disorders like autism
and depression. Other animals also have friends, suggesting
that friendship is not solely a human invention but is
instead an evolved trait. A neuroethological approach
applies behavioral, neurobiological, and molecular
techniques to explain friendship with reference to its
underlying mechanisms, development, evolutionary origins,
and biological function. Recent studies implicate a shared
suite of neural circuits and neuromodulatory pathways in the
formation, maintenance, and manipulation of friendships
across humans and other animals. Health consequences and
reproductive advantages in mammals additionally suggest that
friendship has adaptive benefits. We argue that
understanding the neuroethology of friendship in humans and
other animals brings us closer to knowing fully what it
means to be human.},
Doi = {10.1111/nyas.12315},
Key = {fds267826}
}
@article{fds267828,
Author = {JL Yorzinski and ML Platt},
Title = {Selective attention in peacocks during predator
detection.},
Journal = {Anim Cogn},
Volume = {17},
Number = {3},
Pages = {767-777},
Year = {2014},
Month = {May},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24253451},
Abstract = {Predation can exert strong selective pressure on the
evolution of behavioral and morphological traits in birds.
Because predator avoidance is key to survival and birds rely
heavily on visual perception, predation may have shaped
avian visual systems as well. To address this question, we
examined the role of visual attention in antipredator
behavior in peacocks (Pavo cristatus). Peacocks were exposed
to a model predator while their gaze was continuously
recorded with a telemetric eye-tracker. We found that
peacocks spent more time looking at and made more fixations
on the predator compared to the same spatial location before
the predator was revealed. The duration of fixations they
directed toward conspecifics and environmental features
decreased after the predator was revealed, indicating that
the peacocks were rapidly scanning their environment with
their eyes. Maximum eye movement amplitudes and amplitudes
of consecutive saccades were similar before and after the
predator was revealed. In cases where conspecifics detected
the predator first, peacocks appeared to learn that danger
was present by observing conspecifics' antipredator
behavior. Peacocks were faster to detect the predator when
they were fixating closer to the area where the predator
would eventually appear. In addition, pupil size increased
after predator exposure, consistent with increased
physiological arousal. These findings demonstrate that
peacocks selectively direct their attention toward predatory
threats and suggest that predation has influenced the
evolution of visual orienting systems.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-013-0708-x},
Key = {fds267828}
}
@article{fds267822,
Author = {LJN Brent and S Semple and A MacLarnon and A Ruiz-Lambides and J
Gonzalez-Martinez and ML Platt},
Title = {Personality Traits in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) Are
Heritable but Do Not Predict Reproductive
Output},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {35},
Number = {1},
Pages = {188-209},
Year = {2014},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-013-9724-6},
Abstract = {There is growing evidence that behavioral tendencies, or
"personalities," in animals are an important aspect of their
biology, yet their evolutionary basis is poorly understood.
Specifically, how individual variation in personality arises
and is subsequently maintained by selection remains unclear.
To address this gap, studies of personality require explicit
incorporation of genetic information. Here, we explored the
genetic basis of personality in rhesus macaques by
determining the heritability of personality components and
by examining the fitness consequences of those components.
We collected observational data for 108 adult females living
in three social groups in a free-ranging population via
focal animal sampling. We applied principal component
analysis to nine spontaneously occurring behaviors and
identified six putative personality components, which we
named Meek, Bold, Aggressive, Passive, Loner, and Nervous.
All components were repeatable and heritable, with
heritability estimates ranging from 0.14 to 0.35. We found
no evidence of an association with reproductive output,
measured either by infant survival or by interbirth
interval, for any of the personality components. This
finding suggests either that personality does not have
fitness-related consequences in this population or that
selection has acted to reduce fitness-associated variation
in personality. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New
York.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-013-9724-6},
Key = {fds267822}
}
@article{fds267823,
Author = {A Roy and SV Shepherd and ML Platt},
Title = {Reversible inactivation of pSTS suppresses social gaze
following in the macaque (Macaca mulatta).},
Journal = {Social cognitive and affective neuroscience},
Volume = {9},
Number = {2},
Pages = {209-217},
Year = {2014},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1749-5016},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nss123},
Abstract = {Humans and other primates shift their attention to follow
the gaze of others [gaze following (GF)]. This behavior is a
foundational component of joint attention, which is severely
disrupted in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and
schizophrenia. Both cortical and subcortical pathways have
been implicated in GF, but their contributions remain
largely untested. While the proposed subcortical pathway
hinges crucially on the amygdala, the cortical pathway is
thought to require perceptual processing by a region in the
posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS). To determine
whether pSTS is necessary for typical GF behavior, we
engaged rhesus macaques in a reward discrimination task
confounded by leftward- and rightward-facing social
distractors following saline or muscimol injections into
left pSTS. We found that reversible inactivation of left
pSTS with muscimol strongly suppressed GF, as assessed by
reduced influence of observed gaze on target choices and
saccadic reaction times. These findings demonstrate that
activity in pSTS is required for normal GF by
primates.},
Doi = {10.1093/scan/nss123},
Key = {fds267823}
}
@article{fds267808,
Author = {SWC Chang and ML Platt},
Title = {Oxytocin and social cognition in rhesus macaques:
Implications for understanding and treating human
psychopathology},
Journal = {Brain Research},
Volume = {1580},
Pages = {57-68},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0006-8993},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2013.11.006},
Abstract = {© 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Converging
evidence from humans and non-human animals indicates that
the neurohypophysial hormone oxytocin (OT) evolved to serve
a specialized function in social behavior in mammals.
Although OT-based therapies are currently being evaluated as
remedies for social deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders,
precisely how OT regulates complex social processes remains
largely unknown. Here we describe how a non-human primate
model can be used to understand the mechanisms by which OT
regulates social cognition and thereby inform its clinical
application in humans. We focus primarily on recent advances
in our understanding of OT-mediated social cognition in
rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), supplemented by discussion
of recent work in humans, other primates, and rodents.
Together, these studies endorse the hypothesis that OT
promotes social exploration both by amplifying social
motivation and by attenuating social vigilance. This article
is part of a Special Issue entitled Oxytocin and Social
Behav.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2013.11.006},
Key = {fds267808}
}
@article{fds267810,
Author = {JK Mueller and EM Grigsby and V Prevosto and FW Petraglia and H Rao and ZD
Deng, AV Peterchev and MA Sommer and T Egner and ML Platt and WM
Grill},
Title = {Simultaneous transcranial magnetic stimulation and
single-neuron recording in alert non-human
primates},
Journal = {Nature Neuroscience},
Volume = {17},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1130-1136},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1097-6256},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.3751},
Abstract = {Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a widely used,
noninvasive method for stimulating nervous tissue, yet its
mechanisms of effect are poorly understood. Here we report
new methods for studying the influence of TMS on single
neurons in the brain of alert non-human primates. We
designed a TMS coil that focuses its effect near the tip of
a recording electrode and recording electronics that enable
direct acquisition of neuronal signals at the site of peak
stimulus strength minimally perturbed by stimulation
artifact in awake monkeys (Macaca mulatta). We recorded
action potentials within ? ̂1/41 ms after 0.4-ms TMS pulses
and observed changes in activity that differed significantly
for active stimulation as compared with sham stimulation.
This methodology is compatible with standard equipment in
primate laboratories, allowing easy implementation.
Application of these tools will facilitate the refinement of
next generation TMS devices, experiments and treatment
protocols. © 2014 Nature America, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1038/nn.3751},
Key = {fds267810}
}
@article{fds267814,
Author = {JL Yorzinski and MJ Penkunas and ML Platt and RG
Coss},
Title = {Dangerous animals capture and maintain attention in
humans.},
Journal = {Evolutionary psychology : an international journal of
evolutionary approaches to psychology and
behavior},
Volume = {12},
Number = {3},
Pages = {534-548},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {Predation is a major source of natural selection on primates
and may have shaped attentional processes that allow
primates to rapidly detect dangerous animals. Because
ancestral humans were subjected to predation, a process that
continues at very low frequencies, we examined the visual
processes by which men and women detect dangerous animals
(snakes and lions). We recorded the eye movements of
participants as they detected images of a dangerous animal
(target) among arrays of nondangerous animals (distractors)
as well as detected images of a nondangerous animal (target)
among arrays of dangerous animals (distractors). We found
that participants were quicker to locate targets when the
targets were dangerous animals compared with nondangerous
animals, even when spatial frequency and luminance were
controlled. The participants were slower to locate
nondangerous targets because they spent more time looking at
dangerous distractors, a process known as delayed
disengagement, and looked at a larger number of dangerous
distractors. These results indicate that dangerous animals
capture and maintain attention in humans, suggesting that
historical predation has shaped some facets of visual
orienting and its underlying neural architecture in modern
humans.},
Key = {fds267814}
}
@article{fds267815,
Author = {LJN Brent and SWC Chang and JF Gariépy and ML
Platt},
Title = {The neuroethology of friendship},
Journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences},
Volume = {1316},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-17},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0077-8923},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12315},
Abstract = {Friendship pervades the human social landscape. These bonds
are so important that disrupting them leads to health
problems, and difficulties forming or maintaining
friendships attend neuropsychiatric disorders like autism
and depression. Other animals also have friends, suggesting
that friendship is not solely a human invention but is
instead an evolved trait. A neuroethological approach
applies behavioral, neurobiological, and molecular
techniques to explain friendship with reference to its
underlying mechanisms, development, evolutionary origins,
and biological function. Recent studies implicate a shared
suite of neural circuits and neuromodulatory pathways in the
formation, maintenance, and manipulation of friendships
across humans and other animals. Health consequences and
reproductive advantages in mammals additionally suggest that
friendship has adaptive benefits. We argue that
understanding the neuroethology of friendship in humans and
other animals brings us closer to knowing fully what it
means to be human. © 2013 New York Academy of
Sciences.},
Doi = {10.1111/nyas.12315},
Key = {fds267815}
}
@article{fds267817,
Author = {RB Ebitz and JM Pearson and ML Platt},
Title = {Pupil size and social vigilance in rhesus
macaques.},
Journal = {Frontiers in neuroscience},
Volume = {8},
Pages = {100},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1662-4548},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2014.00100},
Abstract = {Complex natural environments favor the dynamic alignment of
neural processing between goal-relevant stimuli and
conflicting but biologically salient stimuli like social
competitors or predators. The biological mechanisms that
regulate dynamic changes in vigilance have not been fully
elucidated. Arousal systems that ready the body to respond
adaptively to threat may contribute to dynamic regulation of
vigilance. Under conditions of constant luminance, pupil
diameter provides a peripheral index of arousal state.
Although pupil size varies with the processing of
goal-relevant stimuli, it remains unclear whether pupil size
also predicts attention to biologically salient objects and
events like social competitors, whose presence interferes
with current goals. Here we show that pupil size in rhesus
macaques both reflects the biological salience of
task-irrelevant social distractors and predicts vigilance
for these stimuli. We measured pupil size in monkeys
performing a visual orienting task in which
distractors-monkey faces and phase-scrambled versions of the
same images-could appear in a congruent, incongruent, or
neutral position relative to a rewarded target. Baseline
pupil size under constant illumination predicted distractor
interference, consistent with the hypothesis that
pupil-linked arousal mechanisms regulate task engagement and
distractibility. Notably, pupil size also predicted enhanced
vigilance for social distractors, suggesting that
pupil-linked arousal may adjust the balance of processing
resources between goal-relevant and biologically important
stimuli. The magnitude of pupil constriction in response to
distractors closely tracked distractor interference, saccade
planning and the social relevance of distractors, endorsing
the idea that the pupillary light response is modulated by
attention. These findings indicate that pupil size indexes
dynamic changes in attention evoked by both the social
environment and arousal.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnins.2014.00100},
Key = {fds267817}
}
@article{fds267818,
Author = {JL Yorzinski and ML Platt},
Title = {Selective attention in peacocks during predator
detection},
Journal = {Animal Cognition},
Volume = {17},
Number = {3},
Pages = {767-777},
Year = {2014},
ISSN = {1435-9448},
Key = {fds267818}
}
@article{fds267827,
Author = {SR Heilbronner and ML Platt},
Title = {Causal evidence of performance monitoring by neurons in
posterior cingulate cortex during learning.},
Journal = {Neuron},
Volume = {80},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1384-1391},
Year = {2013},
Month = {December},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24360542},
Abstract = {The posterior cingulate cortex (CGp) is a major hub of the
default mode network (DMN), a set of cortical areas with
high resting activity that declines during task performance.
This relationship suggests that DMN activity contributes to
mental processes that are antagonistic to performance.
Alternatively, DMN may detect conditions under which
performance is poor and marshal cognitive resources for
improvement. To test this idea, we recorded activity of CGp
neurons in monkeys performing a learning task while varying
reward size and novelty. We found that CGp neurons responded
to errors, and this activity was magnified by small reward
and novel stimuli. Inactivating CGp with muscimol impaired
new learning when rewards were small but had no effect when
rewards were large; inactivation did not affect performance
on well-learned associations. Thus, CGp, and by extension
the DMN, may support learning, and possibly other cognitive
processes, by monitoring performance and motivating
exploration.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2013.09.028},
Key = {fds267827}
}
@article{fds267832,
Author = {AV Ruiz-Lambides and B Aure and G Caraballo and ML Platt and LJ
Brent},
Title = {MATRILINEAL OVERTHROW FOLLOWED BY HIGH MORTALITY LEVELS IN
FREE-RANGING RHESUS MACAQUES},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {75},
Pages = {98-98},
Year = {2013},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000323414700210&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds267832}
}
@article{fds267833,
Author = {LJN Brent and ML Platt},
Title = {THE CAYO SANTIAGO MACAQUES: A FREE-RANGING MODEL FOR THE
STUDY OF BEHAVIOR-GENETICS AND HUMAN PSYCHIATRIC
DISEASE},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {75},
Pages = {34-34},
Year = {2013},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000323414700019&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds267833}
}
@article{fds267838,
Author = {JM Pearson and ML Platt},
Title = {Dopamine: burning the candle at both ends.},
Journal = {Neuron},
Volume = {79},
Number = {5},
Pages = {831-833},
Year = {2013},
Month = {September},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24011998},
Abstract = {Dopamine neurons are well known for signaling
reward-prediction errors. In this issue, Matsumoto and
Takada (2013) show that some dopamine neurons also signal
salient events during progression through a visual search
task requiring working memory and sustained
attention.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2013.08.011},
Key = {fds267838}
}
@article{fds267811,
Author = {ML Platt and H Plassmann},
Title = {Multistage Valuation Signals and Common Neural
Currencies},
Journal = {scopus},
Pages = {237-258},
Year = {2013},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-416008-8.00013-9},
Abstract = {A major goal of research in neuroeconomics is to formulate a
theory of how we make decisions, grounded in both the
psychology and economics of choice behavior and a knowledge
of the underlying biology. Consistent decision making
requires assigning values to the available options - a
process referred to as valuation. Thus, understanding how
valuation emerges from the interactions of millions of
neurons in different brain systems is a central question for
research in neuroeconomics. This chapter reviews work
applying different neuroscientific methods, such as
functional brain-imaging, single neuron recording, work on
lesion patients and transcranial magnetic stimulation, which
sheds light on the different brain regions involved in the
representation of distinct valuation signals and the
contributions of these valuation signals to behavior. ©
2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-416008-8.00013-9},
Key = {fds267811}
}
@article{fds267812,
Author = {LR Santos and ML Platt},
Title = {Evolutionary Anthropological Insights into Neuroeconomics:
What Non-Human Primates can Tell us About Human
Decision-Making Strategies},
Journal = {scopus},
Pages = {109-122},
Year = {2013},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-416008-8.00007-3},
Abstract = {In this chapter we discuss why behavioral studies of
irrational biases in non-human primates are important for
the field of neuroeconomics. We begin with a review of how
behavioral work on choice biases in monkeys is important for
understanding the nature of human choice errors. We then
provide an introduction to the primate cognition approach,
including a short overview of the organization of the
primate order. We then briefly review the ecology and
cognition of two primate species standardly used as models
of human irrational decision making brown capuchins and
rhesus macaques. We next discuss empirical studies
demonstrating that monkeys show human-like irrational errors
in three of the classic situations in which human
participants fall prey to biases: monkeys exhibit framing
effects in risky decisions, they show endowment effects, and
they are averse to ambiguous outcomes. We conclude our
chapter with a discussion of how future work in
neuroeconomics can capitalize on these new behavioral
findings in monkeys. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-416008-8.00007-3},
Key = {fds267812}
}
@article{fds267839,
Author = {JL Yorzinski and GL Patricelli and JS Babcock and JM Pearson and ML
Platt},
Title = {Through their eyes: selective attention in peahens during
courtship},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY},
Volume = {216},
Number = {16},
Pages = {3035-3046},
Year = {2013},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0022-0949},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000322216600011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Conspicuous, multicomponent ornamentation in male animals
can be favored by female mate choice but we know little
about the cognitive processes females use to evaluate these
traits. Sexual selection may favor attention mechanisms
allowing the choosing females to selectively and efficiently
acquire relevant information from complex male display
traits and, in turn, may favor male display traits that
effectively capture and hold female attention. Using a
miniaturized telemetric gaze-tracker, we show that peahens
(Pavo cristatus) selectively attend to specific components
of peacock courtship displays and virtually ignore other,
highly conspicuous components. Females gazed at the lower
train but largely ignored the head, crest and upper train.
When the lower train was obscured, however, females spent
more time gazing at the upper train and approached the upper
train from a distance. Our results suggest that peahens
mainly evaluate the lower train during close-up courtship
but use the upper train as a long-distance attraction
signal. Furthermore, we found that behavioral display
components (train rattling and wing shaking) captured and
maintained female attention, indicating that interactions
between display components may promote the evolution of
multicomponent displays. Taken together, these findings
suggest that selective attention plays a crucial role in
sexual selection and likely influences the evolution of male
display traits.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.087338},
Key = {fds267839}
}
@article{fds267840,
Author = {JF Gariépy and SW Chang and ML Platt},
Title = {Brain games: toward a neuroecology of social
behavior.},
Journal = {Behav Brain Sci},
Volume = {36},
Number = {4},
Pages = {424-425},
Year = {2013},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23883753},
Abstract = {In the target article, Schilbach et al. defend a
"second-person neuroscience" perspective that focuses on the
neural basis of social cognition during live, ongoing
interactions between individuals. We argue that a
second-person neuroscience would benefit from formal
approaches borrowed from economics and behavioral ecology
and that it should be extended to social interactions in
nonhuman animals.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0140525X12001938},
Key = {fds267840}
}
@article{fds267842,
Author = {RB Ebitz and KK Watson and ML Platt},
Title = {Oxytocin blunts social vigilance in the rhesus
macaque.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {110},
Number = {28},
Pages = {11630-11635},
Year = {2013},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23798448},
Abstract = {Exogenous application of the neuromodulatory hormone
oxytocin (OT) promotes prosocial behavior and can improve
social function. It is unclear, however, whether OT promotes
prosocial behavior per se, or whether it facilitates social
interaction by reducing a state of vigilance toward
potential social threats. To disambiguate these two
possibilities, we exogenously delivered OT to male rhesus
macaques, which have a characteristic pattern of
species-typical social vigilance, and examined their
performance in three social attention tasks. We first
determined that, in the absence of competing task demands or
goals, OT increased attention to faces and eyes, as in
humans. By contrast, OT reduced species typical social
vigilance for unfamiliar, dominant, and emotional faces in
two additional tasks. OT eliminated the emergence of a
typical state of vigilance when dominant face images were
available during a social image choice task. Moreover, OT
improved performance on a reward-guided saccade task,
despite salient social distractors: OT reduced the
interference of unfamiliar faces, particularly emotional
ones, when these faces were task irrelevant. Together, these
results demonstrate that OT suppresses vigilance toward
potential social threats in the rhesus macaque. We
hypothesize that a basic role for OT in regulating social
vigilance may have facilitated the evolution of prosocial
behaviors in humans.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1305230110},
Key = {fds267842}
}
@article{fds267844,
Author = {WT Newsome and PW Glimcher and J Gottlieb and D Lee and ML
Platt},
Title = {Comment on "In Monkeys Making Value-Based Decisions, LIP
Neurons Encode Cue Salience and Not Action
Value"},
Journal = {SCIENCE},
Volume = {340},
Number = {6131},
Year = {2013},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000318016700021&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1233214},
Key = {fds267844}
}
@article{fds267847,
Author = {JT Klein and ML Platt},
Title = {Social information signaling by neurons in primate
striatum.},
Journal = {Curr Biol},
Volume = {23},
Number = {8},
Pages = {691-696},
Year = {2013},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23562270},
Abstract = {Social decisions depend on reliable information about
others. Consequently, social primates are motivated to
acquire information about the identity, social status, and
reproductive quality of others. Neurophysiological and
neuroimaging studies implicate the striatum in the
motivational control of behavior. Neuroimaging studies
specifically implicate the ventromedial striatum in
signaling motivational aspects of social interaction.
Despite this evidence, precisely how striatal neurons encode
social information remains unknown. Therefore, we probed the
activity of single striatal neurons in monkeys choosing
between visual social information at the potential expense
of fluid reward. We show for the first time that a
population of neurons located primarily in medial striatum
selectively signals social information. Surprisingly,
representation of social information was unrelated to
simultaneously expressed social preferences. A largely
nonoverlapping population of neurons that was not restricted
to the medial striatum signaled information about fluid
reward. Our findings demonstrate that information about
social context and nutritive reward are maintained largely
independently in striatum, even when both influence
decisions to execute a single action.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2013.03.022},
Key = {fds267847}
}
@article{fds267912,
Author = {LJ Brent and A Maclarnon and ML Platt and S Semple},
Title = {Seasonal changes in the structure of rhesus macaque social
networks.},
Journal = {Behav Ecol Sociobiol},
Volume = {67},
Number = {3},
Pages = {349-359},
Year = {2013},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0340-5443},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23565026},
Abstract = {Social structure emerges from the patterning of interactions
between individuals and plays a critical role in shaping
some of the main characteristics of animal populations. The
topological features of social structure, such as the extent
to which individuals interact in clusters, can influence
many biologically important factors, including the
persistence of cooperation, and the rate of spread of
disease. Yet the extent to which social structure topology
fluctuates over relatively short periods of time in relation
to social, demographic or environmental events remains
unclear. Here, we use social network analysis to examine
seasonal changes in the topology of social structures that
emerge from socio-positive associations in adult female
rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Behavioral data for two
different association types (grooming, spatial proximity)
were collected for females in two free-ranging groups during
two seasons: the mating and birth seasons. Stronger dyadic
bonds resulted in social structures that were more tightly
connected (i.e. of greater density) in the mating season
compared to the birth season. Social structures were also
more centralized around a subset of individuals, and were
more clustered in the mating season than the birth season,
although the latter differences were mostly driven by
differences in density alone. Our results suggest a degree
of temporal variation in the topological features of social
structure in this population. Such variation may feed back
on interactions, hence affecting the behaviors of
individuals, and may therefore be important to take into
account in studies of animal behavior.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00265-012-1455-8},
Key = {fds267912}
}
@article{fds267848,
Author = {MA Addicott and JM Pearson and J Wilson and ML Platt and FJ
McClernon},
Title = {Smoking and the bandit: a preliminary study of smoker and
nonsmoker differences in exploratory behavior measured with
a multiarmed bandit task.},
Journal = {Exp Clin Psychopharmacol},
Volume = {21},
Number = {1},
Pages = {66-73},
Year = {2013},
Month = {February},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23245198},
Abstract = {Advantageous decision-making is an adaptive trade-off
between exploring alternatives and exploiting the most
rewarding option. This trade-off may be related to
maladaptive decision-making associated with nicotine
dependence; however, explore/exploit behavior has not been
previously investigated in the context of addiction. The
explore/exploit trade-off is captured by the multiarmed
bandit task, in which different arms of a slot machine are
chosen to discover the relative payoffs. The goal of this
study was to preliminarily investigate whether smokers
differ from nonsmokers in their degree of exploratory
behavior. Smokers (n = 18) and nonsmokers (n = 17) completed
a 6-armed bandit task as well as self-report measures of
behavior and personality traits. Smokers were found to
exhibit less exploratory behavior (i.e., made fewer switches
between slot machine arms) than nonsmokers within the first
300 trials of the bandit task. The overall proportion of
exploratory choices negatively correlated with self-reported
measures of delay aversion and nonplanning impulsivity.
These preliminary results suggest that smokers make fewer
initial exploratory choices on the bandit task. The bandit
task is a promising measure that could provide valuable
insights into how nicotine use and dependence is associated
with explore/exploit decision-making.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0030843},
Key = {fds267848}
}
@article{fds267922,
Author = {SW Chang and JF Gariépy and ML Platt},
Title = {Neuronal reference frames for social decisions in primate
frontal cortex.},
Journal = {Nat Neurosci},
Volume = {16},
Number = {2},
Pages = {243-250},
Year = {2013},
Month = {February},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23263442},
Abstract = {Social decisions are crucial for the success of individuals
and the groups that they comprise. Group members respond
vicariously to benefits obtained by others, and impairments
in this capacity contribute to neuropsychiatric disorders
such as autism and sociopathy. We examined the manner in
which neurons in three frontal cortical areas encoded the
outcomes of social decisions as monkeys performed a
reward-allocation task. Neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex
(OFC) predominantly encoded rewards that were delivered to
oneself. Neurons in the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACCg)
encoded reward allocations to the other monkey, to oneself
or to both. Neurons in the anterior cingulate sulcus (ACCs)
signaled reward allocations to the other monkey or to no
one. In this network of received (OFC) and foregone (ACCs)
reward signaling, ACCg emerged as an important nexus for the
computation of shared experience and social reward.
Individual and species-specific variations in social
decision-making might result from the relative activation
and influence of these areas.},
Doi = {10.1038/nn.3287},
Key = {fds267922}
}
@article{fds267820,
Author = {CJ Machado and E Bliss-Moreau and ML Platt and DG
Amaral},
Title = {Correction: Social and Nonsocial Content Differentially
Modulates Visual Attention and Autonomic Arousal in Rhesus
Macaques},
Journal = {PLoS ONE},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Editor = {J Lauwereyns},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/annotation/7e497d79-eabd-4345-989f-ea530dfb6ac0},
Doi = {10.1371/annotation/7e497d79-eabd-4345-989f-ea530dfb6ac0},
Key = {fds267820}
}
@article{fds267824,
Author = {RB Ebitz and ML Platt},
Title = {An evolutionary perspective on the behavioral consequences
of exogenous oxytocin application.},
Journal = {Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience},
Volume = {7},
Pages = {225},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00225},
Abstract = {Oxytocin (OT) is released in response to social signals,
particularly positive ones like eye contact, social touch,
sexual behavior, and affiliative vocalizations. Conversely,
exogenous delivery of OT has diverse behavioral effects,
sometimes promoting affiliative and prosocial behaviors, but
sometimes suppressing them. Here, we argue that one unifying
interpretation of these diverse effects is to view OT as an
evolutionarily conserved physiological signal indicating
affiliative interactions and predicting their behavioral
consequences. In this model, OT regulates the way
information about the social environment accesses the neural
circuitry responsible for social behavior, thereby shaping
it in sometimes counter intuitive but adaptive ways.
Notably, prosociality is not always the most adaptive
response to an affiliative signal from another individual.
In many circumstances, an asocial or even antisocial
response may confer greater fitness benefits. We argue that
the behavioral effects of exogenous OT delivery not only
parallel the behavioral effects of affiliative interactions,
but are themselves adaptive responses to affiliative
interactions. In support of this idea, we review recent
evidence that OT does not unilaterally enhance social
attention, as previously thought, but rather can reduce the
typical prioritization of social information at the expense
of other information or goals. Such diminished social
vigilance may be an adaptive response to affiliative social
interactions because it frees attentional resources for the
pursuit of other goals. Finally, we predict that OT may
mediate other behavioral consequences of social
interactions, such as reduced predator vigilance, and argue
that this is a rich avenue for future behavioral and
neurobiological study.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00225},
Key = {fds267824}
}
@article{fds267860,
Author = {JM Pearson and ML Platt},
Title = {Change detection, multiple controllers, and dynamic
environments: insights from the brain.},
Journal = {J Exp Anal Behav},
Volume = {99},
Number = {1},
Pages = {74-84},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23344989},
Abstract = {Foundational studies in decision making focused on behavior
as the most accessible and reliable data on which to build
theories of choice. More recent work, however, has
incorporated neural data to provide insights unavailable
from behavior alone. Among other contributions, these
studies have validated reinforcement learning models by
demonstrating neural signals posited on the basis of
behavioral work in classical and operant conditioning. In
such models, the values of actions or options are updated
incrementally based on the difference between expectations
and outcomes, resulting in the gradual acquisition of stable
behavior. By contrast, natural environments are often
dynamic, including sudden, unsignaled shifts in
reinforcement contingencies. Such rapid changes may
necessitate frequent shifts in behavioral mode, requiring
dynamic sensitivity to environmental changes. Recently, we
proposed a model in which cingulate cortex plays a key role
in detecting behaviorally relevant environmental changes and
facilitating the update of multiple behavioral strategies.
Here, we connect this framework to a model developed to
handle the analogous problem in motor control. We offer a
tentative dictionary of control signals in terms of brain
structures and highlight key differences between motor and
decision systems that may be important in evaluating the
model.},
Doi = {10.1002/jeab.5},
Key = {fds267860}
}
@article{fds267825,
Author = {JL Yorzinski and GL Patricelli and JS Babcock and JM Pearson and ML
Platt},
Title = {Erratum: Through their eyes: Selective attention in peahens
during courtship (Journal of Experimental Biology 216
(3035-3046))},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology},
Volume = {216},
Number = {22},
Pages = {4310-},
Year = {2013},
ISSN = {0022-0949},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.098392},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.098392},
Key = {fds267825}
}
@article{fds267831,
Author = {LJN Brent and S Semple and A MacLarnon and A Ruiz-Lambides and J
Gonzalez-Martinez and ML Platt},
Title = {Personality Traits in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) Are
Heritable but Do Not Predict Reproductive
Output},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Pages = {1-22},
Year = {2013},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
Key = {fds267831}
}
@article{fds267837,
Author = {JM Pearson and KK Watson and JT Klein and RB Ebitz and ML
Platt},
Title = {Individual differences in social information gathering
revealed through Bayesian hierarchical models.},
Journal = {Front Neurosci},
Volume = {7},
Pages = {165},
Year = {2013},
ISSN = {1662-4548},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24062635},
Abstract = {As studies of the neural circuits underlying choice expand
to include more complicated behaviors, analysis of behaviors
elicited in laboratory paradigms has grown increasingly
difficult. Social behaviors present a particular challenge,
since inter- and intra-individual variation are expected to
play key roles. However, due to limitations on data
collection, studies must often choose between pooling data
across all subjects or using individual subjects' data in
isolation. Hierarchical models mediate between these two
extremes by modeling individual subjects as drawn from a
population distribution, allowing the population at large to
serve as prior information about individuals' behavior.
Here, we apply this method to data collected across multiple
experimental sessions from a set of rhesus macaques
performing a social information valuation task. We show
that, while the values of social images vary markedly
between individuals and between experimental sessions for
the same individual, individuals also differentially value
particular categories of social images. Furthermore, we
demonstrate covariance between values for image categories
within individuals and find evidence suggesting that
magnitudes of stimulus values tend to diminish over
time.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnins.2013.00165},
Key = {fds267837}
}
@article{fds267841,
Author = {SWC Chang and LJN Brentab and GK Adamsab and JT Kleinc and JM Pearson and KK Watsonab and ML Platt},
Title = {Neuroethology of primate social behavior},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {110},
Number = {SUPPL2},
Pages = {10387-10394},
Year = {2013},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1301213110},
Abstract = {A neuroethological approach to human and nonhuman primate
behavior and cognition predicts biological specializations
for social life. Evidence reviewed here indicates that
ancestral mechanisms are often duplicated, repurposed, and
differentially regulated to support social behavior.
Focusing on recent research from nonhuman primates, we
describe how the primate brain might implement social
functions by coopting and extending preexisting mechanisms
that previously supported nonsocial functions. This approach
reveals that highly specialized mechanisms have evolved to
decipher the immediate social context, and parallel circuits
have evolved to translate social perceptual signals and
nonsocial perceptual signals into partially integrated
social and nonsocial motivational signals, which together
inform general-purpose mechanisms that command behavior.
Differences in social behavior between species, as well as
between individuals within a species, result in part from
neuromodulatory regulation of these neural circuits, which
itself appears to be under partial genetic control.
Ultimately, intraspecific variation in social behavior has
differential fitness consequences, providing fundamental
building blocks of natural selection. Our review suggests
that the neuroethological approach to primate behavior may
provide unique insights into human psychopathology.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1301213110},
Key = {fds267841}
}
@article{fds267843,
Author = {JT Klein and ML Platt},
Title = {Social information signaling by neurons in primate
striatum},
Journal = {Current Biology},
Volume = {23},
Number = {8},
Pages = {691-696},
Year = {2013},
ISSN = {0960-9822},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.03.022},
Abstract = {Social decisions depend on reliable information about
others. Consequently, social primates are motivated to
acquire information about the identity, social status, and
reproductive quality of others [1]. Neurophysiological [2]
and neuroimaging [3, 4] studies implicate the striatum in
the motivational control of behavior. Neuroimaging studies
specifically implicate the ventromedial striatum in
signaling motivational aspects of social interaction [5].
Despite this evidence, precisely how striatal neurons encode
social information remains unknown. Therefore, we probed the
activity of single striatal neurons in monkeys choosing
between visual social information at the potential expense
of fluid reward. We show for the first time that a
population of neurons located primarily in medial striatum
selectively signals social information. Surprisingly,
representation of social information was unrelated to
simultaneously expressed social preferences. A largely
nonoverlapping population of neurons that was not restricted
to the medial striatum signaled information about fluid
reward. Our findings demonstrate that information about
social context and nutritive reward are maintained largely
independently in striatum, even when both influence
decisions to execute a single action. © 2013 Elsevier
Ltd.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2013.03.022},
Key = {fds267843}
}
@article{fds267845,
Author = {LJN Brent and A MacLarnon and ML Platt and S Semple},
Title = {Seasonal changes in the structure of rhesus macaque social
networks},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Volume = {67},
Number = {3},
Pages = {349-359},
Year = {2013},
ISSN = {0340-5443},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-012-1455-8},
Abstract = {Social structure emerges from the patterning of interactions
between individuals and plays a critical role in shaping
some of the main characteristics of animal populations. The
topological features of social structure, such as the extent
to which individuals interact in clusters, can influence
many biologically important factors, including the
persistence of cooperation, and the rate of spread of
disease. Yet, the extent to which social structure topology
fluctuates over relatively short periods of time in relation
to social, demographic, or environmental events remains
unclear. Here, we use social network analysis to examine
seasonal changes in the topology of social structures that
emerge from socio-positive associations in adult female
rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Behavioral data for two
different association types (grooming and spatial proximity)
were collected for females in two free-ranging groups during
two seasons: the mating and birth seasons. Stronger dyadic
bonds resulted in social structures that were more tightly
connected (i. e., of greater density) in the mating season
compared to the birth season. Social structures were also
more centralized around a subset of individuals and more
clustered in the mating season than those in the birth
season, although the latter differences were mostly driven
by differences in density alone. Our results suggest a
degree of temporal variation in the topological features of
social structure in this population. Such variation may feed
back on interactions, hence affecting the behaviors of
individuals, and may therefore be important to take into
account in studies of animal behavior. © 2012
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00265-012-1455-8},
Key = {fds267845}
}
@article{fds267846,
Author = {SWC Chang and JF Gariépy and ML Platt},
Title = {Neuronal reference frames for social decisions in primate
frontal cortex},
Journal = {Nature Neuroscience},
Volume = {16},
Number = {2},
Pages = {243-250},
Year = {2013},
ISSN = {1097-6256},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.3287},
Abstract = {Social decisions are crucial for the success of individuals
and the groups that they comprise. Group members respond
vicariously to benefits obtained by others, and impairments
in this capacity contribute to neuropsychiatric disorders
such as autism and sociopathy. We examined the manner in
which neurons in three frontal cortical areas encoded the
outcomes of social decisions as monkeys performed a
reward-allocation task. Neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex
(OFC) predominantly encoded rewards that were delivered to
oneself. Neurons in the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACCg)
encoded reward allocations to the other monkey, to oneself
or to both. Neurons in the anterior cingulate sulcus (ACCs)
signaled reward allocations to the other monkey or to no
one. In this network of received (OFC) and foregone (ACCs)
reward signaling, ACCg emerged as an important nexus for the
computation of shared experience and social reward.
Individual and species-specific variations in social
decision-making might result from the relative activation
and influence of these areas. © 2013 Nature America, Inc.
All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1038/nn.3287},
Key = {fds267846}
}
@article{fds267861,
Author = {LJ Brent, SR Heilbronner and JE Horvath and J Gonzalez-Martinez and A
Ruiz-Lambides, AG Robinson and JH Skene and ML
Platt},
Title = {Genetic origins of social networks in rhesus
macaques.},
Journal = {Sci Rep},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {1042},
Year = {2013},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23304433},
Abstract = {Sociality is believed to have evolved as a strategy for
animals to cope with their environments. Yet the genetic
basis of sociality remains unclear. Here we provide evidence
that social network tendencies are heritable in a gregarious
primate. The tendency for rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta,
to be tied affiliatively to others via connections mediated
by their social partners - analogous to friends of friends
in people - demonstrated additive genetic variance.
Affiliative tendencies were predicted by genetic variation
at two loci involved in serotonergic signalling, although
this result did not withstand correction for multiple tests.
Aggressive tendencies were also heritable and were related
to reproductive output, a fitness proxy. Our findings
suggest that, like humans, the skills and temperaments that
shape the formation of multi-agent relationships have a
genetic basis in nonhuman primates, and, as such, begin to
fill the gaps in our understanding of the genetic basis of
sociality.},
Doi = {10.1038/srep01042},
Key = {fds267861}
}
@article{fds267921,
Author = {KK Watson and ML Platt},
Title = {Social signals in primate orbitofrontal cortex.},
Journal = {Curr Biol},
Volume = {22},
Number = {23},
Pages = {2268-2273},
Year = {2012},
Month = {December},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23122847},
Abstract = {Primate evolution produced an increased capacity to respond
flexibly to varying social contexts as well as expansion of
the prefrontal cortex. Despite this association, how
prefrontal neurons respond to social information remains
virtually unknown. People with damage to their orbitofrontal
cortex (OFC) struggle to recognize facial expressions, make
poor social judgments, and frequently make social faux pas.
Here we test explicitly whether neurons in primate OFC
signal social information and, if so, how such signals
compare with responses to primary fluid rewards. We find
that OFC neurons distinguish images that belong to socially
defined categories, such as female perinea and faces, as
well as the social dominance of those faces. These
modulations signaled both how much monkeys valued these
pictures and their interest in continuing to view them. Far
more neurons signaled social category than signaled fluid
value, despite the stronger impact of fluid reward on
monkeys' choices. These findings indicate that OFC
represents both the motivational value and attentional
priority of other individuals, thus contributing to both the
acquisition of information about others and subsequent
social decisions. Our results betray a fundamental
disconnect between preferences expressed through overt
choice, which were primarily driven by the desire for more
fluid, and preferential neuronal processing, which favored
social computations.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2012.10.016},
Key = {fds267921}
}
@article{fds267858,
Author = {GK Adams and KK Watson and J Pearson and ML Platt},
Title = {Neuroethology of decision-making.},
Journal = {Curr Opin Neurobiol},
Volume = {22},
Number = {6},
Pages = {982-989},
Year = {2012},
Month = {December},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22902613},
Abstract = {A neuroethological approach to decision-making considers the
effect of evolutionary pressures on neural circuits
mediating choice. In this view, decision systems are
expected to enhance fitness with respect to the local
environment, and particularly efficient solutions to
specific problems should be conserved, expanded, and
repurposed to solve other problems. Here, we discuss basic
prerequisites for a variety of decision systems from this
viewpoint. We focus on two of the best-studied and most
widely represented decision problems. First, we examine
patch leaving, a prototype of environmentally based
switching between action patterns. Second, we consider
social information seeking, a process resembling foraging
with search costs. We argue that while the specific neural
solutions to these problems sometimes differ across species,
both the problems themselves and the algorithms instantiated
by biological hardware are repeated widely throughout
nature. The behavioral and mathematical study of ubiquitous
decision processes like patch leaving and social information
seeking thus provides a powerful new approach to uncovering
the fundamental design structure of nervous
systems.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.conb.2012.07.009},
Key = {fds267858}
}
@article{fds267919,
Author = {SW Chang and DL Barack and ML Platt},
Title = {Mechanistic classification of neural circuit dysfunctions:
insights from neuroeconomics research in
animals.},
Journal = {Biol Psychiatry},
Volume = {72},
Number = {2},
Pages = {101-106},
Year = {2012},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22440615},
Abstract = {Many psychiatric conditions present complex behavioral
symptoms, and the type and magnitude of underlying neural
dysfunction may vary drastically. This review introduces a
classification scheme for psychiatric symptoms, describing
them in terms of the state of a dysfunctional neural
circuit. We provide examples of two kinds of functional
deficits: variance-shifted functionality, in which a damaged
circuit continues to function albeit suboptimally, and
state-shifted functionality, resulting in an absent or
qualitatively different functional state. We discuss, from
the perspective of neuroeconomics and related areas of
behavioral investigation, three broad classes of commonly
occurring symptoms in psychopathology based on selected
studies of decision making in animals: temporal discounting,
social preferences, and decision making under environmental
volatility. We conclude that the proposed mechanistic
categorization scheme offers promise for understanding
neural circuit dysfunctions underlying psychopathology.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.02.017},
Key = {fds267919}
}
@article{fds267916,
Author = {KK Watson and JH Ghodasra and MA Furlong and ML
Platt},
Title = {Visual preferences for sex and status in female rhesus
macaques.},
Journal = {Anim Cogn},
Volume = {15},
Number = {3},
Pages = {401-407},
Year = {2012},
Month = {May},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22160645},
Abstract = {Most primates are both highly visual and highly social.
These qualities predict that visual cues to social
variables, such as identity, sex, social status, and
reproductive quality, would be intrinsically valuable and
systematically attract attention. Supporting this idea,
thirsty male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) will forego
fluid reward to view images of the faces of high-ranking
males and the sexual skin of females. Whether female rhesus
macaques, who experience dramatically different social
pressures and reproductive costs than male macaques, also
systematically and spontaneously value visual cues to social
information remains untested experimentally. We probed the
preferences of female rhesus macaques, given the opportunity
to display an image from a known class of social stimuli or
touch a second target to display a blank screen. We found
that females preferred faces of high-status males and also
images of the perinea of both males and females, but were
not motivated to display images of subordinate males or
control stimuli. These findings endorse the view that both
male and female rhesus macaques-and presumably other highly
social primates-seek information about other individuals in
a way that matches the adaptive value of that information
for guiding social behavior.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-011-0467-5},
Key = {fds267916}
}
@article{fds267915,
Author = {ML Platt and GK Adams},
Title = {Psychology. Monkey see, monkey read.},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {336},
Number = {6078},
Pages = {168-169},
Year = {2012},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22499933},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1221402},
Key = {fds267915}
}
@article{fds267914,
Author = {J Pearson and ML Platt},
Title = {Dynamic decision making in the brain.},
Journal = {Nat Neurosci},
Volume = {15},
Number = {3},
Pages = {341-342},
Year = {2012},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22362101},
Abstract = {How do we make decisions? A study uses MEG to provide the
spatial as well as the temporal resolution needed to answer
this question, together with computational modeling, which
allows for complex non-linear decision models. This work
helps resolve some of the seemingly contradictory results
from previous work.},
Doi = {10.1038/nn.3049},
Key = {fds267914}
}
@article{fds267937,
Author = {EL MacLean and LJ Matthews and BA Hare and CL Nunn and RC Anderson and F
Aureli, EM Brannon and J Call and CM Drea and NJ Emery and DB Haun and E
Herrmann, LF Jacobs and ML Platt and AG Rosati and AA Sandel and KK
Schroepfer, AM Seed and J Tan and CP van Schaik and V
Wobber},
Title = {How does cognition evolve? Phylogenetic comparative
psychology.},
Journal = {Anim Cogn},
Volume = {15},
Number = {2},
Pages = {223-238},
Year = {2012},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21927850},
Abstract = {Now more than ever animal studies have the potential to test
hypotheses regarding how cognition evolves. Comparative
psychologists have developed new techniques to probe the
cognitive mechanisms underlying animal behavior, and they
have become increasingly skillful at adapting methodologies
to test multiple species. Meanwhile, evolutionary biologists
have generated quantitative approaches to investigate the
phylogenetic distribution and function of phenotypic traits,
including cognition. In particular, phylogenetic methods can
quantitatively (1) test whether specific cognitive abilities
are correlated with life history (e.g., lifespan),
morphology (e.g., brain size), or socio-ecological variables
(e.g., social system), (2) measure how strongly phylogenetic
relatedness predicts the distribution of cognitive skills
across species, and (3) estimate the ancestral state of a
given cognitive trait using measures of cognitive
performance from extant species. Phylogenetic methods can
also be used to guide the selection of species comparisons
that offer the strongest tests of a priori predictions of
cognitive evolutionary hypotheses (i.e., phylogenetic
targeting). Here, we explain how an integration of
comparative psychology and evolutionary biology will answer
a host of questions regarding the phylogenetic distribution
and history of cognitive traits, as well as the evolutionary
processes that drove their evolution.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-011-0448-8},
Key = {fds267937}
}
@article{fds267913,
Author = {SW Chang and JW Barter and RB Ebitz and KK Watson and ML
Platt},
Title = {Inhaled oxytocin amplifies both vicarious reinforcement and
self reinforcement in rhesus macaques (Macaca
mulatta).},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {109},
Number = {3},
Pages = {959-964},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22215593},
Abstract = {People attend not only to their own experiences, but also to
the experiences of those around them. Such social awareness
profoundly influences human behavior by enabling
observational learning, as well as by motivating
cooperation, charity, empathy, and spite. Oxytocin (OT), a
neurosecretory hormone synthesized by hypothalamic neurons
in the mammalian brain, can enhance affiliation or boost
exclusion in different species in distinct contexts, belying
any simple mechanistic neural model. Here we show that
inhaled OT penetrates the CNS and subsequently enhances the
sensitivity of rhesus macaques to rewards occurring to
others as well as themselves. Roughly 2 h after inhaling OT,
monkeys increased the frequency of prosocial choices
associated with reward to another monkey when the
alternative was to reward no one. OT also increased
attention to the recipient monkey as well as the time it
took to render such a decision. In contrast, within the
first 2 h following inhalation, OT increased selfish choices
associated with delivery of reward to self over a reward to
the other monkey, without affecting attention or decision
latency. Despite the differences in species typical social
behavior, exogenous, inhaled OT causally promotes social
donation behavior in rhesus monkeys, as it does in more
egalitarian and monogamous ones, like prairie voles and
humans, when there is no perceived cost to self. These
findings potentially implicate shared neural
mechanisms.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1114621109},
Key = {fds267913}
}
@article{fds267855,
Author = {DJ Paulsen and RM Carter and ML Platt and SA Huettel and EM
Brannon},
Title = {Neurocognitive development of risk aversion from early
childhood to adulthood},
Journal = {FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE},
Volume = {5},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1662-5161},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000299563000001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2011.00178},
Key = {fds267855}
}
@article{fds267853,
Author = {LJN Brent, SR Heilbronner and JE Horvath and J Gonzalez-Martinez and AV Ruiz-Lambides and A Robinson and JHP Skene and ML
Platt},
Title = {Genetics of social network position in free-ranging rhesus
macaques},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {147},
Pages = {105-106},
Year = {2012},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000300498700113&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds267853}
}
@article{fds267821,
Author = {GK Adams and KK Watson and J Pearson and ML Platt},
Title = {Neuroethology of decision-making},
Journal = {Current Opinion in Neurobiology},
Year = {2012},
ISSN = {0959-4388},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2012.07.009},
Abstract = {A neuroethological approach to decision-making considers the
effect of evolutionary pressures on neural circuits
mediating choice. In this view, decision systems are
expected to enhance fitness with respect to the local
environment, and particularly efficient solutions to
specific problems should be conserved, expanded, and
repurposed to solve other problems. Here, we discuss basic
prerequisites for a variety of decision systems from this
viewpoint. We focus on two of the best-studied and most
widely represented decision problems. First, we examine
patch leaving, a prototype of environmentally based
switching between action patterns. Second, we consider
social information seeking, a process resembling foraging
with search costs. We argue that while the specific neural
solutions to these problems sometimes differ across species,
both the problems themselves and the algorithms instantiated
by biological hardware are repeated widely throughout
nature. The behavioral and mathematical study of ubiquitous
decision processes like patch leaving and social information
seeking thus provides a powerful new approach to uncovering
the fundamental design structure of nervous systems. © 2012
Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.conb.2012.07.009},
Key = {fds267821}
}
@article{fds267859,
Author = {KK Watson and ML Platt},
Title = {Of mice and monkeys: using non-human primate models to
bridge mouse- and human-based investigations of autism
spectrum disorders.},
Journal = {J Neurodev Disord},
Volume = {4},
Number = {1},
Pages = {21},
Year = {2012},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22958282},
Abstract = {The autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) arise from a diverse
array of genetic and environmental origins that disrupt the
typical developmental trajectory of neural connectivity and
synaptogenesis. ASDs are marked by dysfunctional social
behavior and cognition, among other deficits. Greater
understanding of the biological substrates of typical social
behavior in animal models will further our understanding of
the etiology of ASDs. Despite the precision and tractability
of molecular genetics models of ASDs in rodents, these
organisms lack the complexity of human social behavior, thus
limiting their impact on understanding ASDs to basic
mechanisms. Non-human primates (NHPs) provide an attractive,
complementary model for ASDs, due in part to the complexity
and dynamics of social structures, reliance on vision for
social signaling, and deep homology in brain circuitry
mediating social behavior and reward. This knowledge is
based on a rich literature, compiled over 50 years of
observing primate behavior in the wild, which, in the case
of rhesus macaques, is complemented by a large body of
research characterizing neuronal activity during cognitive
behavior. Several recent developments in this field are
directly relevant to ASDs, including how the brain
represents the perceptual features of social stimuli, how
social information influences attention processes in the
brain, and how the value of social interaction is computed.
Because the symptoms of ASDs may represent extreme
manifestations of traits that vary in intensity within the
general population, we will additionally discuss ways in
which nonhuman primates also show variation in social
behavior and reward sensitivity. In cases where variation in
species-typical behavior is analogous to similar variations
in human behavior, we believe that study of the neural
circuitry underlying this variation will provide important
insights into the systems-level mechanisms contributing to
ASD pathology.},
Doi = {10.1186/1866-1955-4-21},
Key = {fds267859}
}
@article{fds267917,
Author = {JL Yorzinski and ML Platt},
Title = {The difference between night and day: Antipredator behavior
in birds},
Journal = {Journal of Ethology},
Volume = {30},
Number = {2},
Pages = {211-218},
Year = {2012},
ISSN = {0289-0771},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10164-011-0318-5},
Abstract = {Animals have evolved sophisticated strategies for avoiding
predators during the day. These strategies can vary
depending on the type of predator and level of threat.
Although nocturnal predation is a major cause of animal
mortality, antipredator behavior at night is poorly
understood. To investigate how diurnal animals adjust their
antipredator behavior during these different conditions,
peahens (Pavo cristatus) were exposed to a taxidermy raccoon
during the daytime and nighttime. During the day, the
peahens emitted loud antipredator calls, extended their
necks upward, adopted a preflight posture, and approached
the predator; at night, the peahens emitted soft hissing
calls, remained stationary, piloerected their feathers, and
raised their tails. The results demonstrate that birds adopt
radically different antipredator behavior depending on
whether the threat occurs in the daytime or nighttime. These
different tactics could result from limitations in sensory
abilities. Videos showing nocturnal and diurnal antipredator
behavior of peafowl are available online (http://www.
momo-p. com/showdetail-e. php?movieid=momo111110pc01a and
http://www.momop.com/showdetail-e.php?movieid=momo111110pc02a.
© 2011 Japan Ethological Society and Springer.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10164-011-0318-5},
Key = {fds267917}
}
@article{fds267918,
Author = {ML Platt and GK Adams},
Title = {Reading too much into baboon skills? - Response},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {336},
Number = {6085},
Pages = {1100-1102},
Year = {2012},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.336.6085.1100-b},
Doi = {10.1126/science.336.6085.1100-b},
Key = {fds267918}
}
@article{fds267920,
Author = {JS Buhl and B Aure and A Ruiz-Lambides and J Gonzalez-Martinez and ML
Platt and LJN Brent},
Title = {Response of Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) to the Body of
a Group Member That Died from a Fatal Attack},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {33},
Number = {4},
Pages = {860-871},
Year = {2012},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-012-9624-1},
Abstract = {Among animals that form social bonds, the death of a
conspecific may be a significant social event, representing
the loss of an ally and resulting in disruptions to the
dominance hierarchy. Despite this potential biological
importance, we have only limited knowledge of animals'
reactions to the death of a group member. This is
particularly true of responses to dead adults, as most
reports describe the responses of mothers to dead infants.
Here, we describe in detail and provide video evidence of
the behavioral responses of a group of free-ranging rhesus
macaques (Macaca mulatta) immediately after the death of a
mid-ranking adult male as a result of a fatal attack.
High-ranking male members of the group, suspected to have
carried out the attack, dragged and bit the dead body,
exhibiting a rate of aggression 20 times greater than
baseline levels. Lower-ranking individuals approached and
inspected the body by looking closely, smelling, and
grooming the fur. There was inconclusive evidence that these
rhesus macaques found the death of a conspecific stressful:
Levels of grooming between group members after the fatal
attack were significantly higher than baseline levels, and
higher than levels of grooming after nonfatal attacks.
However, when grooming levels were adjusted based on the
assumption that individuals positioned close to the body, i.
e., those visible to researchers, were more likely to be
engaged in grooming than those positioned farther away, this
difference from baseline was no longer significant. The rate
of self-directed behaviors after the fatal attack was also
not different from baseline. Many of the behaviors we
observed directed toward the body (aggression, inspection)
have been previously reported in chimpanzees and geladas,
and are similar to reactions sometimes displayed by humans.
As such, this report represents a potentially valuable
contribution the nascent field of nonhuman primate
thanatology. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media,
LLC.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-012-9624-1},
Key = {fds267920}
}
@article{fds267936,
Author = {DJ Paulsen and ML Platt and SA Huettel and EM Brannon},
Title = {From risk-seeking to risk-averse: the development of
economic risk preference from childhood to
adulthood.},
Journal = {Front Psychol},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {313},
Year = {2012},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22973247},
Abstract = {Adolescence is often described as a period of heightened
risk-taking. Adolescents are notorious for impulsivity,
emotional volatility, and risky behaviors such as drinking
and driving under the influence of alcohol. By contrast, we
found that risk-taking declines linearly from childhood to
adulthood when individuals make choices over monetary
gambles. Further, with age we found increases in the
sensitivity to economic risk, defined as the degree to which
a preference for assured monetary gains over a risky payoff
depends upon the variability in the risky payoff. These
findings indicate that decisions about economic risk may
follow a different developmental trajectory than other kinds
of risk-taking, and that changes in sensitivity to risk may
be a major factor in the development of mature risk
aversion.},
Doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00313},
Key = {fds267936}
}
@article{fds267938,
Author = {JD Roitman and EM Brannon and ML Platt},
Title = {Representation of numerosity in posterior parietal
cortex},
Journal = {Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience},
Number = {MAY 2012},
Pages = {1-9},
Year = {2012},
ISSN = {1662-5145},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2012.00025},
Abstract = {Humans and animals appear to share a similar representation
of number as an analog magnitude on an internal, subjective
scale. Neurological and neurophysiological data suggest that
posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is a critical component of
the circuits that form the basis of numerical abilities in
humans. Patients with parietal lesions are impaired in their
ability to access the deep meaning of numbers. Acalculiac
patients with inferior parietal damage often have difficulty
performing arithmetic (2 + 4?) or number bisection (what is
between 3 and 5?) tasks, but are able to recite
multiplication tables and read or write numerals. Functional
imaging studies of neurologically intact humans performing
subtraction, number comparison, and non-verbal magnitude
comparison tasks show activity in areas within the
intraparietal sulcus (IPS). Taken together, clinical cases
and imaging studies support a critical role for parietal
cortex in the mental manipulation of numerical quantities.
Further, responses of single PPC neurons in non-human
primates are sensitive to the numerosity of visual stimuli
independent of low-level stimulus qualities. When monkeys
are trained to make explicit judgments about the numerical
value of such stimuli, PPC neurons encode their cardinal
numerical value; without such training PPC neurons appear to
encode numerical magnitude in an analog fashion. Here we
suggest that the spatial and integrative properties of PPC
neurons contribute to their critical role in numerical
cognition. © 2012 Roitman, Brannon and Platt.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnint.2012.00025},
Key = {fds267938}
}
@article{fds267910,
Author = {BY Hayden and JM Pearson and ML Platt},
Title = {Neuronal basis of sequential foraging decisions in a patchy
environment.},
Journal = {Nat Neurosci},
Volume = {14},
Number = {7},
Pages = {933-939},
Year = {2011},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21642973},
Abstract = {Deciding when to leave a depleting resource to exploit
another is a fundamental problem for all decision makers.
The neuronal mechanisms mediating patch-leaving decisions
remain unknown. We found that neurons in primate (Macaca
mulatta) dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, an area that is
linked to reward monitoring and executive control, encode a
decision variable signaling the relative value of leaving a
depleting resource for a new one. Neurons fired during each
sequential decision to stay in a patch and, for each travel
time, these responses reached a fixed threshold for
patch-leaving. Longer travel times reduced the gain of
neural responses for choosing to stay in a patch and
increased the firing rate threshold mandating patch-leaving.
These modulations more closely matched behavioral decisions
than any single task variable. These findings portend an
understanding of the neural basis of foraging decisions and
endorse the unification of theoretical and experimental work
in ecology and neuroscience.},
Doi = {10.1038/nn.2856},
Key = {fds267910}
}
@misc{fds267802,
Author = {BY Hayden and ML Platt},
Title = {On the difficulties of integrating evidence from fMRI and
electrophysiology in cognitive neuroscience},
Journal = {scopus},
Booktitle = {Decision Making, Affect, and Learning: Attention and
Performance XXIII},
Year = {2011},
Month = {May},
ISBN = {9780191725623},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199600434.003.0006},
Abstract = {© The International Association for the study of Attention
and Performance, 2011. All rights reserved.Functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and single unit physiology
are two of the most widely-used methods in cognitive
neuroscience and neuroeconomics. Despite the fact that
practitioners of both methods share a common goal -
understanding the mechanisms underlying behaviour and
cognition - their efforts are rarely directly linked. This
chapter considers some of the reasons for apparent
discrepancies between findings of fMRI and
electrophysiological studies. It examines these problems
through the lens of two case studies - decision making under
uncertainty and fictive learning - derived from personal
research. Despite this narrow focus, these arguments can
extend to other areas of study. It is shown that major
differences in the neural events measured by the two
methods, the behavioural techniques employed with animal and
human subjects, and the intellectual history and unique
culture of each discipline, contribute to difficulties in
providing a wholly synthetic account of the mechanisms
underlying cognition and decision making. These observations
endorse more collaborative efforts conducting parallel
research using analogous, if not identical, behavioural
techniques using both brain imaging and single unit
physiology.},
Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199600434.003.0006},
Key = {fds267802}
}
@article{fds267909,
Author = {JM Pearson, SR Heilbronner and DL Barack and BY Hayden and ML
Platt},
Title = {Posterior cingulate cortex: adapting behavior to a changing
world.},
Journal = {Trends Cogn Sci},
Volume = {15},
Number = {4},
Pages = {143-151},
Year = {2011},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21420893},
Abstract = {When has the world changed enough to warrant a new approach?
The answer depends on current needs, behavioral flexibility
and prior knowledge about the environment. Formal approaches
solve the problem by integrating the recent history of
rewards, errors, uncertainty and context via Bayesian
inference to detect changes in the world and alter
behavioral policy. Neuronal activity in posterior cingulate
cortex - a key node in the default network - is known to
vary with learning, memory, reward and task engagement. We
propose that these modulations reflect the underlying
process of change detection and motivate subsequent shifts
in behavior.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2011.02.002},
Key = {fds267909}
}
@article{fds267927,
Author = {SJ Stanton and OA Mullette-Gillman and RE McLaurin and CM Kuhn and KS
LaBar, ML Platt and SA Huettel},
Title = {Low- and high-testosterone individuals exhibit decreased
aversion to economic risk.},
Journal = {Psychol Sci},
Volume = {22},
Number = {4},
Pages = {447-453},
Year = {2011},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21393575},
Abstract = {Testosterone is positively associated with risk-taking
behavior in social domains (e.g., crime, physical
aggression). However, the scant research linking
testosterone to economic risk preferences presents
inconsistent findings. We examined the relationship between
endogenous testosterone and individuals' economic
preferences (i.e., risk preference, ambiguity preference,
and loss aversion) in a large sample (N = 298) of men and
women. We found that endogenous testosterone levels have a
significant U-shaped association with individuals' risk and
ambiguity preferences, but not loss aversion. Specifically,
individuals with low or high levels of testosterone (more
than 1.5 SD from the mean for their gender) were risk and
ambiguity neutral, whereas individuals with intermediate
levels of testosterone were risk and ambiguity averse. This
relationship was highly similar in men and women. In
contrast to received wisdom regarding testosterone and risk,
the present data provide the first robust evidence for a
nonlinear association between economic preferences and
levels of endogenous testosterone.},
Doi = {10.1177/0956797611401752},
Key = {fds267927}
}
@article{fds267908,
Author = {BY Hayden, SR Heilbronner and JM Pearson and ML
Platt},
Title = {Surprise signals in anterior cingulate cortex: neuronal
encoding of unsigned reward prediction errors driving
adjustment in behavior.},
Journal = {J Neurosci},
Volume = {31},
Number = {11},
Pages = {4178-4187},
Year = {2011},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21411658},
Abstract = {In attentional models of learning, associations between
actions and subsequent rewards are stronger when outcomes
are surprising, regardless of their valence. Despite the
behavioral evidence that surprising outcomes drive learning,
neural correlates of unsigned reward prediction errors
remain elusive. Here we show that in a probabilistic choice
task, trial-to-trial variations in preference track outcome
surprisingness. Concordant with this behavioral pattern,
responses of neurons in macaque (Macaca mulatta) dorsal
anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) to both large and small
rewards were enhanced when the outcome was surprising.
Moreover, when, on some trials, probabilities were hidden,
neuronal responses to rewards were reduced, consistent with
the idea that the absence of clear expectations diminishes
surprise. These patterns are inconsistent with the idea that
dACC neurons track signed errors in reward prediction, as
dopamine neurons do. Our results also indicate that dACC
neurons do not signal conflict. In the context of other
studies of dACC function, these results suggest a link
between reward-related modulations in dACC activity and
attention and motor control processes involved in behavioral
adjustment. More speculatively, these data point to a
harmonious integration between reward and learning accounts
of ACC function on one hand, and attention and cognitive
control accounts on the other.},
Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4652-10.2011},
Key = {fds267908}
}
@article{fds267850,
Author = {ML Platt and S Chang and A Wincoff and J Barter},
Title = {Separate channels for self and other reward in primate
prefrontal cortex},
Journal = {NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH},
Volume = {71},
Pages = {E7-E7},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {0168-0102},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000308218100019&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.022},
Key = {fds267850}
}
@article{fds267905,
Author = {CJ Machado and E Bliss-Moreau and ML Platt and DG
Amaral},
Title = {Social and nonsocial content differentially modulates visual
attention and autonomic arousal in rhesus
macaques},
Journal = {PLoS ONE},
Volume = {6},
Number = {10},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {1932-6203},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026598},
Abstract = {The sophisticated analysis of gestures and vocalizations,
including assessment of their emotional valence, helps
group-living primates efficiently navigate their social
environment. Deficits in social information processing and
emotion regulation are important components of many human
psychiatric illnesses, such as autism, schizophrenia and
social anxiety disorder. Analyzing the neurobiology of
social information processing and emotion regulation
requires a multidisciplinary approach that benefits from
comparative studies of humans and animal models. However,
many questions remain regarding the relationship between
visual attention and arousal while processing social
stimuli. Using noninvasive infrared eye-tracking methods, we
measured the visual social attention and physiological
arousal (pupil diameter) of adult male rhesus monkeys
(Macaca mulatta) as they watched social and nonsocial
videos. We found that social videos, as compared to
nonsocial videos, captured more visual attention, especially
if the social signals depicted in the videos were directed
towards the subject. Subject-directed social cues and
nonsocial nature documentary footage, compared to videos
showing conspecifics engaging in naturalistic social
interactions, generated larger pupil diameters (indicating
heightened sympathetic arousal). These findings indicate
that rhesus monkeys will actively engage in watching videos
of various kinds. Moreover, infrared eye tracking technology
provides a mechanism for sensitively gauging the social
interest of presented stimuli. Adult male rhesus monkeys'
visual attention and physiological arousal do not always
trend in the same direction, and are likely influenced by
the content and novelty of a particular visual stimulus.
This experiment creates a strong foundation for future
experiments that will examine the neural network responsible
for social information processing in nonhuman primates. Such
studies may provide valuable information relevant to
interpreting the neural deficits underlying human
psychiatric illnesses such as autism, schizophrenia and
social anxiety disorder. © 2011 Machado et
al.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0026598},
Key = {fds267905}
}
@article{fds267906,
Author = {SW Chang and AA Winecoff and ML Platt},
Title = {Vicarious reinforcement in rhesus macaques (macaca
mulatta).},
Journal = {Front Neurosci},
Volume = {5},
Pages = {27},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21516263},
Abstract = {What happens to others profoundly influences our own
behavior. Such other-regarding outcomes can drive
observational learning, as well as motivate cooperation,
charity, empathy, and even spite. Vicarious reinforcement
may serve as one of the critical mechanisms mediating the
influence of other-regarding outcomes on behavior and
decision-making in groups. Here we show that rhesus macaques
spontaneously derive vicarious reinforcement from observing
rewards given to another monkey, and that this reinforcement
can motivate them to subsequently deliver or withhold
rewards from the other animal. We exploited Pavlovian and
instrumental conditioning to associate rewards to self (M1)
and/or rewards to another monkey (M2) with visual cues. M1s
made more errors in the instrumental trials when cues
predicted reward to M2 compared to when cues predicted
reward to M1, but made even more errors when cues predicted
reward to no one. In subsequent preference tests between
pairs of conditioned cues, M1s preferred cues paired with
reward to M2 over cues paired with reward to no one. By
contrast, M1s preferred cues paired with reward to self over
cues paired with reward to both monkeys simultaneously.
Rates of attention to M2 strongly predicted the strength and
valence of vicarious reinforcement. These patterns of
behavior, which were absent in non-social control trials,
are consistent with vicarious reinforcement based upon
sensitivity to observed, or counterfactual, outcomes with
respect to another individual. Vicarious reward may play a
critical role in shaping cooperation and competition, as
well as motivating observational learning and group
coordination in rhesus macaques, much as it does in humans.
We propose that vicarious reinforcement signals mediate
these behaviors via homologous neural circuits involved in
reinforcement learning and decision-making.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnins.2011.00027},
Key = {fds267906}
}
@article{fds267907,
Author = {SR Heilbronner and BY Hayden and ML Platt},
Title = {Decision salience signals in posterior cingulate
cortex.},
Journal = {Front Neurosci},
Volume = {5},
Pages = {55},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21541308},
Abstract = {Despite its phylogenetic antiquity and clinical importance,
the posterior cingulate cortex (CGp) remains an enigmatic
nexus of attention, memory, motivation, and decision making.
Here we show that CGp neurons track decision salience - the
degree to which an option differs from a standard - but not
the subjective value of a decision. To do this, we recorded
the spiking activity of CGp neurons in monkeys choosing
between options varying in reward-related risk, delay to
reward, and social outcomes, each of which varied in level
of decision salience. Firing rates were higher when monkeys
chose the risky option, consistent with their risk-seeking
preferences, but were also higher when monkeys chose the
delayed and social options, contradicting their preferences.
Thus, across decision contexts, neuronal activity was
uncorrelated with how much monkeys valued a given option, as
inferred from choice. Instead, neuronal activity signaled
the deviation of the chosen option from the standard,
independently of how it differed. The observed decision
salience signals suggest a role for CGp in the flexible
allocation of neural resources to motivationally significant
information, akin to the role of attention in selective
processing of sensory inputs.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnins.2011.00055},
Key = {fds267907}
}
@article{fds267911,
Author = {ML Platt and B Hayden},
Title = {Learning: Not just the facts, Ma'am, but the counterfactuals
as well},
Journal = {PLoS Biology},
Volume = {9},
Number = {6},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {1544-9173},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001092},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.1001092},
Key = {fds267911}
}
@article{fds267934,
Author = {DJ Paulsen and ML Platt and SA Huettel and EM Brannon},
Title = {Decision-making under risk in children, adolescents, and
young adults.},
Journal = {Front Psychol},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {72},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21687443},
Abstract = {Adolescents often make risky and impulsive decisions. Such
behavior has led to the common assumption that a dysfunction
in risk-related decision-making peaks during this age.
Differences in how risk has been defined across studies,
however, make it difficult to draw conclusions about
developmental changes in risky decision-making. Here, we
developed a non-symbolic economic decision-making task that
can be used across a wide age span and that uses coefficient
of variation (CV) in reward as an index of risk. We found
that young children showed the strongest preference for
risky compared to sure bet options of equal expected value,
adolescents were intermediate in their risk preference, and
young adults showed the strongest risk aversion.
Furthermore, children's preference for the risky option
increased for larger CVs, while adolescents and young adults
showed the opposite pattern, favoring the sure bet more
often as CV increased. Finally, when faced with two gambles
in a risk-return tradeoff, all three age groups exhibited a
greater preference for the option with the lower risk and
return as the disparity in risk between the two options
increased. These findings demonstrate clear age-related
differences in economic risk preferences that vary with
choice set and risk. Importantly, adolescence appears to
represent an intermediate decision-making phenotype along
the transition from childhood to adulthood, rather than an
age of heightened preference for economic
risk.},
Doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00072},
Key = {fds267934}
}
@article{fds267935,
Author = {DJ Paulsen and RM Carter and ML Platt and SA Huettel and EM
Brannon},
Title = {Neurocognitive development of risk aversion from early
childhood to adulthood.},
Journal = {Front Hum Neurosci},
Volume = {5},
Pages = {178},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22291627},
Abstract = {Human adults tend to avoid risk. In behavioral economic
studies, risk aversion is manifest as a preference for sure
gains over uncertain gains. However, children tend to be
less averse to risk than adults. Given that many of the
brain regions supporting decision-making under risk do not
reach maturity until late adolescence or beyond it is
possible that mature risk-averse behavior may emerge from
the development of decision-making circuitry. To explore
this hypothesis, we tested 5- to 8-year-old children, 14- to
16-year-old adolescents, and young adults in a
risky-decision task during functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI) data acquisition. To our knowledge, this is
the youngest sample of children in an fMRI decision-making
task. We found a number of decision-related brain regions to
increase in activation with age during decision-making,
including areas associated with contextual memory retrieval
and the incorporation of prior outcomes into the current
decision-making strategy, e.g., insula, hippocampus, and
amygdala. Further, children who were more risk-averse showed
increased activation during decision-making in ventromedial
prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum. Our findings
indicate that the emergence of adult levels of risk aversion
co-occurs with the recruitment of regions supporting
decision-making under risk, including the integration of
prior outcomes into current decision-making behavior. This
pattern of results suggests that individual differences in
the development of risk aversion may reflect differences in
the maturation of these neural processes.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2011.00178},
Key = {fds267935}
}
@article{fds267904,
Author = {BY Hayden and ML Platt},
Title = {Neurons in anterior cingulate cortex multiplex information
about reward and action.},
Journal = {J Neurosci},
Volume = {30},
Number = {9},
Pages = {3339-3346},
Year = {2010},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20203193},
Abstract = {The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is thought to
play a critical role in forming associations between rewards
and actions. Currently available physiological data,
however, remain inconclusive regarding the question of
whether dACC neurons carry information linking particular
actions to reward or, instead, encode abstract reward
information independent of specific actions. Here we show
that firing rates of a majority of dACC neurons in a
population studied in an eight-option variably rewarded
choice task were sensitive to both saccade direction and
reward value. Furthermore, the influences of reward and
saccade direction on neuronal activity were approximately
equal in magnitude over the range of rewards tested and were
statistically independent. Our results indicate that dACC
neurons multiplex information about both reward and action,
endorsing the idea that this area links motivational
outcomes to behavior and undermining the notion that its
neurons solely contribute to reward processing in the
abstract.},
Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4874-09.2010},
Key = {fds267904}
}
@article{fds267926,
Author = {DV Smith and BY Hayden and TK Truong and AW Song and ML Platt and SA
Huettel},
Title = {Distinct value signals in anterior and posterior
ventromedial prefrontal cortex.},
Journal = {J Neurosci},
Volume = {30},
Number = {7},
Pages = {2490-2495},
Year = {2010},
Month = {February},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20164333},
Abstract = {The core feature of an economic exchange is a decision to
trade one good for another, based on a comparison of
relative value. Economists have long recognized, however,
that the value an individual ascribes to a good during
decision making (i.e., their relative willingness to trade
for that good) does not always map onto the reward they
actually experience. Here, we show that experienced value
and decision value are represented in distinct regions of
ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) during the passive
consumption of rewards. Participants viewed two categories
of rewards-images of faces that varied in their
attractiveness and monetary gains and losses-while being
scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging. An
independent market task, in which participants exchanged
some of the money that they had earned for brief views of
attractive faces, determined the relative decision value
associated with each category. We found that activation of
anterior VMPFC increased with increasing experienced value,
but not decision value, for both reward categories. In
contrast, activation of posterior VMPFC predicted each
individual's relative decision value for face and monetary
stimuli. These results indicate not only that experienced
value and decision value are represented in distinct regions
of VMPFC, but also that decision value signals are evident
even in the absence of an overt choice task. We conclude
that decisions are made by comparing neural representations
of the value of different goods encoded in posterior VMPFC
in a common, relative currency.},
Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3319-09.2010},
Key = {fds267926}
}
@book{fds267804,
Author = {ML Platt and AA Ghazanfar},
Title = {Primate Neuroethology},
Journal = {scopus},
Pages = {1-688},
Year = {2010},
Month = {February},
ISBN = {9780199864904},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326598.001.0001},
Abstract = {© 2010 by Michael L. Platt and Asif A. Ghazanfar. All
rights reserved.This edited volume bridges the
epistemological gap between primate ethologists and primate
neurobiologists. Experts in several fields review work
ranging from primate foraging behavior, to the
neurophysiology of motor control; from vocal communication,
to the functions of the auditory cortex. This synthesis of
the cognitive, ethological, and neurobiological approaches
to primate behavior yields an understanding of our primate
cousins to date, and sheds light on the evolutionary
development of human behavior and cognition. The book
contains chapters by primatologists, comparative
psychologists, and neuroscientists, who have developed new
ideas and experimental approaches, and who have applied
these to a variety of issues dealing with primate behavior
and neurobiology. The volume collects in a single book both
basic and cutting-edge information on primate behavior and
cognition, neurobiology, and the emerging discipline of
neuroethology.},
Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326598.001.0001},
Key = {fds267804}
}
@misc{fds267805,
Author = {SV Shepherd and ML Platt},
Title = {Neuroethology of Attention in Primates},
Journal = {scopus},
Booktitle = {Primate Neuroethology},
Year = {2010},
Month = {February},
ISBN = {9780199864904},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326598.003.0026},
Abstract = {© 2010 by Michael L. Platt and Asif A. Ghazanfar. All
rights reserved.This chapter reviews the neural mechanisms
underlying social attention in primates. It suggests that
the neural systems mediating visual orienting behavior are
intrinsically sensitive to social cues in the environment,
thereby promoting the adaptive acquisition of behaviorally
relevant social information.},
Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326598.003.0026},
Key = {fds267805}
}
@article{fds267835,
Author = {BY Hayden and ML Platt},
Title = {Cingulate Cortex},
Journal = {Encyclopedia of Neuroscience},
Pages = {887-892},
Year = {2010},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-008045046-9.01110-4},
Abstract = {All organisms confront the fundamental task of choosing an
appropriate course of action given the current state of
their environment. This process of decision making, also
referred to as sensorimotor transformation, requires
estimating the current state of the environment, evaluating
the predicted costs and benefits of each potential course of
action, and then selecting the most valuable alternative.
Predicted action values, in turn, can be estimated from the
consequences of previous actions. The cingulate cortex,
which is strongly interconnected with brain areas processing
sensory, motor, and motivational information, contributes to
both selecting actions and monitoring the consequences of
those actions and thus serves a supervisory role in the
adaptive modification of ongoing behavior based on prior
experience. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-008045046-9.01110-4},
Key = {fds267835}
}
@article{fds267836,
Author = {KK Watson and ML Platt},
Title = {Neuroethological Perspective},
Journal = {Encyclopedia of Neuroscience},
Pages = {393-399},
Year = {2010},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-008045046-9.01543-6},
Abstract = {Ethology, the evolutionary science of behavior, assumes that
natural selection shapes behavior and its neural substrates
in humans and other animals. In this view, the nervous
system of any animal comprises a suite of morphological and
behavioral adaptations for solving specific environmental
and social problems. Behavioral allocation often reflects
economic optimization of evolutionary fitness subject to
physical and cognitive constraints. Ethological studies of
animals in their natural environment thus make plain that
neurobiological studies of reward, punishment, motivation,
and decision making will profit from an appreciation of the
information-processing problems confronted by animals in
their natural physical and social environments. © 2009
Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-008045046-9.01543-6},
Key = {fds267836}
}
@article{fds267852,
Author = {BY Hayden and ML Platt},
Title = {Cingulate cortex, monitoring, and adjustment},
Journal = {NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH},
Volume = {68},
Pages = {E41-E41},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {0168-0102},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000208443700188&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neures.2010.07.424},
Key = {fds267852}
}
@article{fds267856,
Author = {J Pearson and JD Roitman and EM Brannon and ML Platt and S
Raghavachari},
Title = {A physiologically-inspired model of numerical classification
based on graded stimulus coding},
Journal = {FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE},
Volume = {4},
Pages = {1},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {1662-5153},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000208454700001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {In most natural decision contexts, the process of selecting
among competing actions takes place in the presence of
informative, but potentially ambiguous, stimuli. Decisions
about magnitudes - quantities like time, length, and
brightness that are linearly ordered - constitute an
important subclass of such decisions. It has long been known
that perceptual judgments about such quantities obey Weber's
Law, wherein the just-noticeable difference in a magnitude
is proportional to the magnitude itself. Current
physiologically inspired models of numerical classification
assume discriminations are made via a labeled line code of
neurons selectively tuned for numerosity, a pattern observed
in the firing rates of neurons in the ventral intraparietal
area (VIP) of the macaque. By contrast, neurons in the
contiguous lateral intraparietal area (LIP) signal
numerosity in a graded fashion, suggesting the possibility
that numerical classification could be achieved in the
absence of neurons tuned for number. Here, we consider the
performance of a decision model based on this analog coding
scheme in a paradigmatic discrimination task - numerosity
bisection. We demonstrate that a basic two-neuron classifier
model, derived from experimentally measured monotonic
responses of LIP neurons, is sufficient to reproduce the
numerosity bisection behavior of monkeys, and that the
threshold of the classifier can be set by reward
maximization via a simple learning rule. In addition, our
model predicts deviations from Weber Law scaling of choice
behavior at high numerosity. Together, these results suggest
both a generic neuronal framework for magnitude-based
decisions and a role for reward contingency in the
classification of such stimuli.},
Doi = {10.3389/neuro.08.001.2010},
Key = {fds267856}
}
@article{fds267857,
Author = {BY Hayden, SR Heilbronner and ML Platt},
Title = {Ambiguity aversion in rhesus macaques.},
Journal = {Front Neurosci},
Volume = {4},
Year = {2010},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20922060},
Abstract = {People generally prefer risky options, which have fully
specified outcome probabilities, to ambiguous options, which
have unspecified probabilities. This preference, formalized
in economics, is strong enough that people will reliably
prefer a risky option to an ambiguous option with a greater
expected value. Explanations for ambiguity aversion often
invoke uniquely human faculties like language,
self-justification, or a desire to avoid public
embarrassment. Challenging these ideas, here we demonstrate
that a preference for unambiguous options is shared with
rhesus macaques. We trained four monkeys to choose between
pairs of options that both offered explicitly cued
probabilities of large and small juice outcomes. We then
introduced occasional trials where one of the options was
obscured and examined their resulting preferences; we ran
humans in a parallel experiment on a nearly identical task.
We found that monkeys reliably preferred risky options to
ambiguous ones, even when this bias was costly, closely
matching the behavior of humans in the analogous task.
Notably, ambiguity aversion varied parametrically with the
extent of ambiguity. As expected, ambiguity aversion
gradually declined as monkeys learned the underlying
probability distribution of rewards. These data indicate
that ambiguity aversion reflects fundamental cognitive
biases shared with other animals rather than uniquely human
factors guiding decisions.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnins.2010.00166},
Key = {fds267857}
}
@article{fds267862,
Author = {J Pearson and JD Roitman and EM Brannon and ML Platt and S
Raghavachari},
Title = {A physiologically-inspired model of numerical classification
based on graded stimulus coding.},
Journal = {Front Behav Neurosci},
Volume = {4},
Pages = {1},
Year = {2010},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20126432},
Abstract = {In most natural decision contexts, the process of selecting
among competing actions takes place in the presence of
informative, but potentially ambiguous, stimuli. Decisions
about magnitudes - quantities like time, length, and
brightness that are linearly ordered - constitute an
important subclass of such decisions. It has long been known
that perceptual judgments about such quantities obey Weber's
Law, wherein the just-noticeable difference in a magnitude
is proportional to the magnitude itself. Current
physiologically inspired models of numerical classification
assume discriminations are made via a labeled line code of
neurons selectively tuned for numerosity, a pattern observed
in the firing rates of neurons in the ventral intraparietal
area (VIP) of the macaque. By contrast, neurons in the
contiguous lateral intraparietal area (LIP) signal
numerosity in a graded fashion, suggesting the possibility
that numerical classification could be achieved in the
absence of neurons tuned for number. Here, we consider the
performance of a decision model based on this analog coding
scheme in a paradigmatic discrimination task - numerosity
bisection. We demonstrate that a basic two-neuron classifier
model, derived from experimentally measured monotonic
responses of LIP neurons, is sufficient to reproduce the
numerosity bisection behavior of monkeys, and that the
threshold of the classifier can be set by reward
maximization via a simple learning rule. In addition, our
model predicts deviations from Weber Law scaling of choice
behavior at high numerosity. Together, these results suggest
both a generic neuronal framework for magnitude-based
decisions and a role for reward contingency in the
classification of such stimuli.},
Doi = {10.3389/neuro.08.001.2010},
Key = {fds267862}
}
@article{fds267900,
Author = {KK Watson and DM Werling and NL Zucker and ML Platt},
Title = {Altered social reward and attention in anorexia
nervosa.},
Journal = {Front Psychol},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {36},
Year = {2010},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21887145},
Abstract = {Dysfunctional social reward and social attention are present
in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders including autism,
schizophrenia, and social anxiety. Here we show that similar
social reward and attention dysfunction are present in
anorexia nervosa (AN), a disorder defined by avoidance of
food and extreme weight loss. We measured the implicit
reward value of social stimuli for female participants with
(n = 11) and without (n = 11) AN using an
econometric choice task and also tracked gaze patterns
during free viewing of images of female faces and bodies. As
predicted, the reward value of viewing bodies varied
inversely with observed body weight for women with anorexia
but not control women, in contrast with their explicit
ratings of attractiveness. Surprisingly, women with AN,
unlike control women, did not find female faces rewarding
and avoided looking at both the face and eyes - independent
of observed body weight. These findings suggest comorbid
dysfunction in the neural circuits mediating gustatory and
social reward in anorexia nervosa.},
Doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00036},
Key = {fds267900}
}
@article{fds267901,
Author = {BY Hayden and DV Smith and ML Platt},
Title = {Cognitive control signals in posterior cingulate
cortex.},
Journal = {Front Hum Neurosci},
Volume = {4},
Pages = {223},
Year = {2010},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21160560},
Abstract = {Efficiently shifting between tasks is a central function of
cognitive control. The role of the default network - a
constellation of areas with high baseline activity that
declines during task performance - in cognitive control
remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that task
switching demands cognitive control to shift the balance of
processing toward the external world, and therefore
predicted that switching between the two tasks would require
suppression of activity of neurons within the posterior
cingulate cortex (CGp). To test this idea, we recorded the
activity of single neurons in CGp, a central node in the
default network, in monkeys performing two interleaved
tasks. As predicted, we found that basal levels of neuronal
activity were reduced following a switch from one task to
another and gradually returned to pre-switch baseline on
subsequent trials. We failed to observe these effects in
lateral intraparietal cortex, part of the dorsal
fronto-parietal cortical attention network directly
connected to CGp. These findings indicate that suppression
of neuronal activity in CGp facilitates cognitive control,
and suggest that activity in the default network reflects
processes that directly compete with control processes
elsewhere in the brain.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2010.00223},
Key = {fds267901}
}
@article{fds267902,
Author = {JL Yorzinski and ML Platt},
Title = {Same-sex gaze attraction influences mate-choice copying in
humans},
Journal = {PLoS ONE},
Volume = {5},
Number = {2},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {1932-6203},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/4526 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Mate-choice copying occurs when animals rely on the mating
choices of others to inform their own mating decisions. The
proximate mechanisms underlying mate-choice copying remain
unknown. To address this question, we tracked the gaze of
men and women as they viewed a series of photographs in
which a potential mate was pictured beside an opposite-sex
partner; the participants then indicated their willingness
to engage in a long-term relationship with each potential
mate. We found that both men and women expressed more
interest in engaging in a relationship with a potential mate
if that mate was paired with an attractive partner. Men and
women's attention to partners varied with partner
attractiveness and this gaze attraction influenced their
subsequent mate choices. These results highlight the
prevalence of non-independent mate choice in humans and
implicate social attention and reward circuitry in these
decisions. © 2010 Yorzinski, Platt.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0009115},
Key = {fds267902}
}
@article{fds267903,
Author = {JM Pearson and BY Hayden and ML Platt},
Title = {Explicit information reduces discounting behavior in
monkeys.},
Journal = {Front Psychol},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {237},
Year = {2010},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21833291},
Abstract = {Animals are notoriously impulsive in common laboratory
experiments, preferring smaller, sooner rewards to larger,
delayed rewards even when this reduces average reward rates.
By contrast, the same animals often engage in natural
behaviors that require extreme patience, such as food
caching, stalking prey, and traveling long distances to
high-quality food sites. One possible explanation for this
discrepancy is that standard laboratory delay discounting
tasks artificially inflate impulsivity by subverting
animals' common learning strategies. To test this idea, we
examined choices made by rhesus macaques in two variants of
a standard delay discounting task. In the conventional
variant, post-reward delays were uncued and adjusted to
render total trial length constant; in the second, all
delays were cued explicitly. We found that measured
discounting was significantly reduced in the cued task, with
discount parameters well below those reported in studies
using the standard uncued design. When monkeys had complete
information, their decisions were more consistent with a
strategy of reward rate maximization. These results indicate
that monkeys, and perhaps other animals, are more patient
than is normally assumed, and that laboratory measures of
delay discounting may overstate impulsivity.},
Doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00237},
Key = {fds267903}
}
@article{fds267923,
Author = {AB Long and CM Kuhn and ML Platt},
Title = {Serotonin shapes risky decision making in
monkeys.},
Journal = {Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci},
Volume = {4},
Number = {4},
Pages = {346-356},
Year = {2009},
Month = {December},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19553236},
Abstract = {Some people love taking risks, while others avoid gambles at
all costs. The neural mechanisms underlying individual
variation in preference for risky or certain outcomes,
however, remain poorly understood. Although behavioral
pathologies associated with compulsive gambling, addiction
and other psychiatric disorders implicate deficient
serotonin signaling in pathological decision making, there
is little experimental evidence demonstrating a link between
serotonin and risky decision making, in part due to the lack
of a good animal model. We used dietary rapid tryptophan
depletion (RTD) to acutely lower brain serotonin in three
macaques performing a simple gambling task for fluid
rewards. To confirm the efficacy of RTD experiments, we
measured total plasma tryptophan using high-performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection.
Reducing brain serotonin synthesis decreased preference for
the safe option in a gambling task. Moreover, lowering brain
serotonin function significantly decreased the premium
required for monkeys to switch their preference to the risky
option, suggesting that diminished serotonin signaling
enhances the relative subjective value of the risky option.
These results implicate serotonin in risk-sensitive decision
making and, further, suggest pharmacological therapies for
treating pathological risk preferences in disorders such as
problem gambling and addiction.},
Doi = {10.1093/scan/nsp020},
Key = {fds267923}
}
@article{fds267898,
Author = {JT Klein and SV Shepherd and ML Platt},
Title = {Social attention and the brain.},
Journal = {Curr Biol},
Volume = {19},
Number = {20},
Pages = {R958-R962},
Year = {2009},
Month = {November},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19889376},
Abstract = {Humans and other animals pay attention to other members of
their groups to acquire valuable social information about
them, including information about their identity, dominance,
fertility, emotions, and likely intent. In primates,
attention to other group members and the objects of their
attention is mediated by neural circuits that transduce
sensory information about others and translate that
information into value signals that bias orienting. This
process likely proceeds via two distinct but integrated
pathways: an ancestral, subcortical route that mediates
crude but fast orienting to animate objects and faces; and a
more derived route involving cortical orienting circuits
that mediate nuanced and context-dependent social
attention.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2009.08.010},
Key = {fds267898}
}
@article{fds267899,
Author = {JM Pearson and BY Hayden and S Raghavachari and ML
Platt},
Title = {Neurons in posterior cingulate cortex signal exploratory
decisions in a dynamic multioption choice
task.},
Journal = {Curr Biol},
Volume = {19},
Number = {18},
Pages = {1532-1537},
Year = {2009},
Month = {September},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19733074},
Abstract = {In dynamic environments, adaptive behavior requires striking
a balance between harvesting currently available rewards
(exploitation) and gathering information about alternative
options (exploration). Such strategic decisions should
incorporate not only recent reward history, but also
opportunity costs and environmental statistics. Previous
neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies have implicated
orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and ventral
striatum in distinguishing between bouts of exploration and
exploitation. Nonetheless, the neuronal mechanisms that
underlie strategy selection remain poorly understood. We
hypothesized that posterior cingulate cortex (CGp), an area
linking reward processing, attention, memory, and motor
control systems, mediates the integration of variables such
as reward, uncertainty, and target location that underlie
this dynamic balance. Here we show that CGp neurons
distinguish between exploratory and exploitative decisions
made by monkeys in a dynamic foraging task. Moreover, firing
rates of these neurons predict in graded fashion the
strategy most likely to be selected on upcoming trials. This
encoding is distinct from switching between targets and is
independent of the absolute magnitudes of rewards. These
observations implicate CGp in the integration of individual
outcomes across decision making and the modification of
strategy in dynamic environments.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2009.07.048},
Key = {fds267899}
}
@article{fds267897,
Author = {J Pearson and ML Platt},
Title = {Confidence and corrections: how we make and un-make up our
minds.},
Journal = {Neuron},
Volume = {63},
Number = {6},
Pages = {724-726},
Year = {2009},
Month = {September},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19778502},
Abstract = {Single neurons in several brain areas intervening between
sensation and action signal the accumulation of sensory
evidence favoring a particular behavioral response. Two new
studies show that these same neurons encode decision
confidence and that decision makers continue to process
relevant sensory information even after a choice has been
made.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2009.09.011},
Key = {fds267897}
}
@article{fds267895,
Author = {BY Hayden and JM Pearson and ML Platt},
Title = {Fictive reward signals in the anterior cingulate
cortex.},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {324},
Number = {5929},
Pages = {948-950},
Year = {2009},
Month = {May},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19443783},
Abstract = {The neural mechanisms supporting the ability to recognize
and respond to fictive outcomes, outcomes of actions that
one has not taken, remain obscure. We hypothesized that
neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which
monitors the consequences of actions and mediates subsequent
changes in behavior, would respond to fictive reward
information. We recorded responses of single neurons during
performance of a choice task that provided information about
the reward values of options that were not chosen. We found
that ACC neurons signal fictive reward information and use a
coding scheme similar to that used to signal experienced
outcomes. Thus, individual ACC neurons process both
experienced and fictive rewards.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1168488},
Key = {fds267895}
}
@article{fds267893,
Author = {BY Hayden and DV Smith and ML Platt},
Title = {Electrophysiological correlates of default-mode processing
in macaque posterior cingulate cortex.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {106},
Number = {14},
Pages = {5948-5953},
Year = {2009},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19293382},
Abstract = {During the course of daily activity, our level of engagement
with the world varies on a moment-to-moment basis. Although
these fluctuations in vigilance have critical consequences
for our thoughts and actions, almost nothing is known about
the neuronal substrates governing such dynamic variations in
task engagement. We investigated the hypothesis that the
posterior cingulate cortex (CGp), a region linked to
default-mode processing by hemodynamic and metabolic
measures, controls such variations. We recorded the activity
of single neurons in CGp in 2 macaque monkeys performing
simple tasks in which their behavior varied from vigilant to
inattentive. We found that firing rates were reliably
suppressed during task performance and returned to a higher
resting baseline between trials. Importantly, higher firing
rates predicted errors and slow behavioral responses, and
were also observed during cued rest periods when monkeys
were temporarily liberated from exteroceptive vigilance.
These patterns of activity were not observed in the lateral
intraparietal area, an area linked to the frontoparietal
attention network. Our findings provide physiological
confirmation that CGp mediates exteroceptive vigilance and
are consistent with the idea that CGp is part of the
"default network" of brain areas associated with control of
task engagement.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0812035106},
Key = {fds267893}
}
@article{fds267933,
Author = {JF Cantlon and ML Platt and EM Brannon},
Title = {Beyond the number domain.},
Journal = {Trends Cogn Sci},
Volume = {13},
Number = {2},
Pages = {83-91},
Year = {2009},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1364-6613},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19131268},
Abstract = {In a world without numbers, we would be unable to build a
skyscraper, hold a national election, plan a wedding or pay
for a chicken at the market. The numerical symbols used in
all these behaviors build on the approximate number system
(ANS) which represents the number of discrete objects or
events as a continuous mental magnitude. Here, we first
discuss evidence that the ANS bears a set of behavioral and
brain signatures that are universally displayed across
animal species, human cultures and development. We then turn
to the question of whether the ANS constitutes a specialized
cognitive and neural domain - a question central to
understanding how this system works, the nature of its
evolutionary and developmental trajectory and its physical
instantiation in the brain.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2008.11.007},
Key = {fds267933}
}
@article{fds267889,
Author = {BY Hayden and ML Platt},
Title = {Gambling for Gatorade: risk-sensitive decision making for
fluid rewards in humans.},
Journal = {Anim Cogn},
Volume = {12},
Number = {1},
Pages = {201-207},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18719953},
Abstract = {Determining how both humans and animals make decisions in
risky situations is a central problem in economics,
experimental psychology, behavioral economics, and
neurobiology. Typically, humans are risk seeking for gains
and risk averse for losses, while animals may display a
variety of preferences under risk depending on, amongst
other factors, internal state. Such differences in behavior
may reflect major cognitive and cultural differences or they
may reflect differences in the way risk sensitivity is
probed in humans and animals. Notably, in most studies
humans make one or a few choices amongst hypothetical or
real monetary options, while animals make dozens of repeated
choices amongst options offering primary rewards like food
or drink. To address this issue, we probed risk-sensitive
decision making in human participants using a paradigm
modeled on animal studies, in which rewards were either
small squirts of Gatorade or small amounts of real money.
Possible outcomes and their probabilities were not made
explicit in either case. We found that individual patterns
of decision making were strikingly similar for both juice
and for money, both in overall risk preferences and in
trial-to-trial effects of reward outcome on choice.
Comparison with decisions made by monkeys for juice in a
similar task revealed highly similar gambling styles. These
results unite known patterns of risk-sensitive decision
making in human and nonhuman primates and suggest that
factors such as the way a decision is framed or internal
state may underlie observed variation in risk preferences
between and within species.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-008-0186-8},
Key = {fds267889}
}
@article{fds267834,
Author = {M Platt and C Padoa-Schioppa},
Title = {Neuronal representations of value},
Journal = {Neuroeconomics},
Pages = {441-462},
Year = {2009},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374176-9.00029-4},
Abstract = {Multiple representations of value exist in the primate
brain. Specifically, neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex
(OFC) encode the value subjects assign to different goods,
independently of how the goods are presented or the action
necessary to implement choice. Moreover, the representation
of value in the OFC is menu invariant-neuronal responses
encoding the value of one particular good do not depend on
what other goods are available at the same time. In
contrast, neurons in parietal cortex are sensitive to the
value of a particular location in space or a particular
action. Whereas representations of value in OFC are
absolute, value signals in parietal cortex are relative-each
neuron is modulated by the ratio of the value of the
corresponding location/action to the value sum of all
locations/actions. Finally, neurons in posterior cingulate
cortex appear to encode an ongoing estimate of the
subjective value or salience of extra-personal events and
actions; these signals may update value-related information
in brain areas like the parietal cortex. © 2009 Elsevier
Inc. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-374176-9.00029-4},
Key = {fds267834}
}
@article{fds267890,
Author = {KK Watson and JH Ghodasra and ML Platt},
Title = {Serotonin transporter genotype modulates social reward and
punishment in rhesus macaques},
Journal = {PLoS ONE},
Volume = {4},
Number = {1},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {1932-6203},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/4511 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Background: Serotonin signaling influences social behavior
in both human and nonhuman primates. In humans, variation
upstream of the promoter region of the serotonin transporter
gene (5-HTTLPR) has recently been shown to influence both
behavioral measures of social anxiety and amygdala response
to social threats. Here we show that length polymorphisms in
5-HTTLPR predict social reward and punishment in rhesus
macaques, a species in which 5-HTTLPR variation is analogous
to that of humans. Methodology/Principal Findings: In
contrast to monkeys with two copies of the long allele
(L/L), monkeys with one copy of the short allele of this
gene (S/L) spent less time gazing at face than non-face
images, less time looking in the eye region of faces, and
had larger pupil diameters when gazing at photos of a high
versus low status male macaques. Moreover, in a novel primed
gambling task, presentation of photos of high status male
macaques promoted risk-aversion in S/L monkeys but promoted
risk-seeking in L/L monkeys. Finally, as measured by a
"pay-per-view" task, S/L monkeys required juice payment to
view photos of high status males, whereas L/L monkeys
sacrificed fluid to see the same photos.
Conclusions/Significance: These data indicate that genetic
variation in serotonin function contributes to social reward
and punishment in rhesus macaques, and thus shapes social
behavior in humans and rhesus macaques alike. © 2009 Watson
et al.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0004156},
Key = {fds267890}
}
@article{fds267891,
Author = {KK Watson and JH Ghodasra and ML Platt},
Title = {Serotonin transporter genotype modulates social reward and
punishment in rhesus macaques.},
Journal = {PLoS One},
Volume = {4},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e4156},
Year = {2009},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19142220},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Serotonin signaling influences social behavior
in both human and nonhuman primates. In humans, variation
upstream of the promoter region of the serotonin transporter
gene (5-HTTLPR) has recently been shown to influence both
behavioral measures of social anxiety and amygdala response
to social threats. Here we show that length polymorphisms in
5-HTTLPR predict social reward and punishment in rhesus
macaques, a species in which 5-HTTLPR variation is analogous
to that of humans. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In
contrast to monkeys with two copies of the long allele
(L/L), monkeys with one copy of the short allele of this
gene (S/L) spent less time gazing at face than non-face
images, less time looking in the eye region of faces, and
had larger pupil diameters when gazing at photos of a high
versus low status male macaques. Moreover, in a novel primed
gambling task, presentation of photos of high status male
macaques promoted risk-aversion in S/L monkeys but promoted
risk-seeking in L/L monkeys. Finally, as measured by a
"pay-per-view" task, S/L monkeys required juice payment to
view photos of high status males, whereas L/L monkeys
sacrificed fluid to see the same photos.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These data indicate that genetic
variation in serotonin function contributes to social reward
and punishment in rhesus macaques, and thus shapes social
behavior in humans and rhesus macaques alike.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0004156},
Key = {fds267891}
}
@article{fds267892,
Author = {ML Platt and ES Spelke},
Title = {What can developmental and comparative cognitive
neuroscience tell us about the adult human
brain?},
Journal = {Current Opinion in Neurobiology},
Volume = {19},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-5},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {0959-4388},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2009.06.002},
Doi = {10.1016/j.conb.2009.06.002},
Key = {fds267892}
}
@article{fds267894,
Author = {BY Hayden and ML Platt},
Title = {The mean, the median, and the St. Petersburg
paradox},
Journal = {Judgment and Decision Making},
Volume = {4},
Number = {4},
Pages = {256-272},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {1930-2975},
Abstract = {The St. Petersburg Paradox is a famous economic and
philosophical puzzle that has generated numerous conflicting
explanations. To shed empirical light on this phenomenon, we
examined subjects' bids for one St. Petersburg gamble with a
real monetary payment. We found that bids were typically
lower than twice the smallest payoff, and thus much lower
than is generally supposed. We also examined bids offered
for several hypothetical variants of the St. Petersburg
Paradox. We found that bids were weakly affected by
truncating the gamble, were strongly affected by repeats of
the gamble, and depended linearly on the initial "seed"
value of the gamble. One explanation, which we call the
median heuristic, strongly predicts these data. Subjects
following this strategy evaluate a gamble as if they were
taking the median rather than the mean of the payoff
distribution. Finally, we argue that the distribution of
outcomes embodied in the St. Petersburg paradox is so
divergent from the Gaussian form that the statistical mean
is a poor estimator of expected value, so that the expected
value of the St. Petersburg gamble is undefined. These
results suggest that this classic paradox has a
straightforward explanation rooted in the use of a
statistical heuristic.},
Key = {fds267894}
}
@article{fds267896,
Author = {SV Shepherd and JT Klein and RO Deaner and ML Platt},
Title = {Mirroring of attention by neurons in macaque parietal
cortex},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {106},
Number = {23},
Pages = {9489-9494},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0900419106},
Abstract = {Macaques, like humans, rapidly orient their attention in the
direction other individuals are looking. Both cortical and
subcortical pathways have been proposed as neural mediators
of social gaze following, but neither pathway has been
characterized electrophysiologically in behaving animals. To
address this gap, we recorded the activity of single neurons
in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) of rhesus macaques
to determine whether and how this area might contribute to
gaze following. A subset of LIP neurons mirrored observed
attention by firing both when the subject looked in the
preferred direction of the neuron, and when observed monkeys
looked in the preferred direction of the neuron, despite the
irrelevance of the monkey images to the task. Importantly,
the timing of these modulations matched the time course of
gaze-following behavior. A second population of neurons was
suppressed by social gaze cues, possibly subserving task
demands by maintaining fixation on the observed face. These
observations suggest that LIP contributes to sharing of
observed attention and link mirror representations in
parietal cortex to a well studied imitative
behavior.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0900419106},
Key = {fds267896}
}
@article{fds267932,
Author = {EL MacLean, SR Prior and ML Platt and EM Brannon},
Title = {Primate location preference in a double-tier cage: the
effects of illumination and cage height.},
Journal = {J Appl Anim Welf Sci},
Volume = {12},
Number = {1},
Pages = {73-81},
Year = {2009},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19107666},
Abstract = {Nonhuman primates are frequently housed in double-tier
arrangements with significant differences between the
environments of the upper and lower-row cages. Although
several studies have investigated whether this arrangement
alters monkeys' behavior, no studies have addressed the two
most notable differences, light and height, individually to
determine their relative importance. This experiment
examined how rhesus and long-tailed macaques allocated their
time between the upper and lower-row cages of a 1-over-1
apartment module under different lighting conditions. In
Condition A, monkeys' baseline degree of preference for the
upper- and lower-row was tested. In Condition B, the
lighting environment was reversed by limiting illumination
in the upper-row cage and increasing illumination in the
lower-row cage. In both conditions, monkeys spent more time
in the upper-row cage, thus indicating a strong preference
for elevation regardless of illumination. The amount of time
that monkeys spent in the lower-row cage increased by 7%
under reversed lighting, but this trend was not significant.
These results corroborate the importance of providing
captive primates with access to elevated
areas.},
Doi = {10.1080/10888700802536822},
Key = {fds267932}
}
@article{fds267830,
Author = {KK Watson and ML Platt},
Title = {Review. Neuroethology of reward and decision
making},
Journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:
Biological Sciences},
Volume = {363},
Number = {1511},
Pages = {3825-3835},
Year = {2008},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0962-8436},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0159},
Abstract = {Ethology, the evolutionary science of behaviour, assumes
that natural selection shapes behaviour and its neural
substrates in humans and other animals. In this view, the
nervous system of any animal comprises a suite of
morphological and behavioural adaptations for solving
specific information processing problems posed by the
physical or social environment. Since the allocation of
behaviour often reflects economic optimization of
evolutionary fitness subject to physical and cognitive
constraints, neurobiological studies of reward, punishment,
motivation and decision making will profit from an
appreciation of the information processing problems
confronted by animals in their natural physical and social
environments. © 2008 The Royal Society.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2008.0159},
Key = {fds267830}
}
@article{fds267888,
Author = {KK Watson and ML Platt},
Title = {Neuroethology of reward and decision making.},
Journal = {Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci},
Volume = {363},
Number = {1511},
Pages = {3825-3835},
Year = {2008},
Month = {December},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18829427},
Abstract = {Ethology, the evolutionary science of behaviour, assumes
that natural selection shapes behaviour and its neural
substrates in humans and other animals. In this view, the
nervous system of any animal comprises a suite of
morphological and behavioural adaptations for solving
specific information processing problems posed by the
physical or social environment. Since the allocation of
behaviour often reflects economic optimization of
evolutionary fitness subject to physical and cognitive
constraints, neurobiological studies of reward, punishment,
motivation and decision making will profit from an
appreciation of the information processing problems
confronted by animals in their natural physical and social
environments.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2008.0159},
Key = {fds267888}
}
@article{fds267887,
Author = {BY Hayden and AC Nair and AN McCoy and ML Platt},
Title = {Posterior cingulate cortex mediates outcome-contingent
allocation of behavior.},
Journal = {Neuron},
Volume = {60},
Number = {1},
Pages = {19-25},
Year = {2008},
Month = {October},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18940585},
Abstract = {Adaptive decision making requires selecting an action and
then monitoring its consequences to improve future
decisions. The neuronal mechanisms supporting action
evaluation and subsequent behavioral modification, however,
remain poorly understood. To investigate the contribution of
posterior cingulate cortex (CGp) to these processes, we
recorded activity of single neurons in monkeys performing a
gambling task in which the reward outcome of each choice
strongly influenced subsequent choices. We found that CGp
neurons signaled reward outcomes in a nonlinear fashion and
that outcome-contingent modulations in firing rate persisted
into subsequent trials. Moreover, firing rate on any one
trial predicted switching to the alternative option on the
next trial. Finally, microstimulation in CGp following risky
choices promoted a preference reversal for the safe option
on the following trial. Collectively, these results
demonstrate that CGp directly contributes to the evaluative
processes that support dynamic changes in decision making in
volatile environments.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2008.09.012},
Key = {fds267887}
}
@article{fds267886,
Author = {BY Hayden, SR Heilbronner and AC Nair and ML
Platt},
Title = {Cognitive influences on risk-seeking by rhesus
macaques.},
Journal = {Judgm Decis Mak},
Volume = {3},
Number = {5},
Pages = {389-395},
Year = {2008},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1930-2975},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19844596},
Abstract = {Humans and other animals are idiosyncratically sensitive to
risk, either preferring or avoiding options having the same
value but differing in uncertainty. Many explanations for
risk sensitivity rely on the non-linear shape of a
hypothesized utility curve. Because such models do not place
any importance on uncertainty per se, utility curve-based
accounts predict indifference between risky and riskless
options that offer the same distribution of rewards. Here we
show that monkeys strongly prefer uncertain gambles to
alternating rewards with the same payoffs, demonstrating
that uncertainty itself contributes to the appeal of risky
options. Based on prior observations, we hypothesized that
the appeal of the risky option is enhanced by the salience
of the potential jackpot. To test this, we subtly
manipulated payoffs in a second gambling task. We found that
monkeys are more sensitive to small changes in the size of
the large reward than to equivalent changes in the size of
the small reward, indicating that they attend preferentially
to the jackpots. Together, these results challenge utility
curve-based accounts of risk sensitivity, and suggest that
psychological factors, such as outcome salience and
uncertainty itself, contribute to risky decision-making.},
Key = {fds267886}
}
@article{fds267925,
Author = {ML Platt and SA Huettel},
Title = {Risky business: the neuroeconomics of decision making under
uncertainty.},
Journal = {Nat Neurosci},
Volume = {11},
Number = {4},
Pages = {398-403},
Year = {2008},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1097-6256},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18368046},
Abstract = {Many decisions involve uncertainty, or imperfect knowledge
about how choices lead to outcomes. Colloquial notions of
uncertainty, particularly when describing a decision as
'risky', often carry connotations of potential danger as
well. Gambling on a long shot, whether a horse at the
racetrack or a foreign oil company in a hedge fund, can have
negative consequences, but the impact of uncertainty on
decision making extends beyond gambling. Indeed, uncertainty
in some form pervades nearly all our choices in daily life.
Stepping into traffic to hail a cab, braving an ice storm to
be the first at work, or dating the boss's son or daughter
also offer potentially great windfalls, at the expense of
surety. We continually face trade-offs between options that
promise safety and others that offer an uncertain potential
for jackpot or bust. When mechanisms for dealing with
uncertain outcomes fail, as in mental disorders such as
problem gambling or addiction, the results can be
disastrous. Thus, understanding decision making-indeed,
understanding behavior itself-requires knowing how the brain
responds to and uses information about uncertainty.},
Doi = {10.1038/nn2062},
Key = {fds267925}
}
@article{fds267883,
Author = {JT Klein and RO Deaner and ML Platt},
Title = {Neural correlates of social target value in macaque parietal
cortex.},
Journal = {Curr Biol},
Volume = {18},
Number = {6},
Pages = {419-424},
Year = {2008},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0960-9822},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18356054},
Abstract = {Animals as diverse as arthropods [1], fish [2], reptiles
[3], birds [4], and mammals, including primates [5], depend
on visually acquired information about conspecifics for
survival and reproduction. For example, mate localization
often relies on vision [6], and visual cues frequently
advertise sexual receptivity or phenotypic quality [5].
Moreover, recognizing previously encountered competitors or
individuals with preestablished territories [7] or dominance
status [1, 5] can eliminate the need for confrontation and
the associated energetic expense and risk for injury.
Furthermore, primates, including humans, tend to look toward
conspecifics and objects of their attention [8, 9], and male
monkeys will forego juice rewards to view images of
high-ranking males and female genitalia [10]. Despite these
observations, we know little about how the brain evaluates
social information or uses this appraisal to guide behavior.
Here, we show that neurons in the primate lateral
intraparietal area (LIP), a cortical area previously linked
to attention and saccade planning [11, 12], signal the value
of social information when this assessment influences
orienting decisions. In contrast, social expectations had no
impact on LIP neuron activity when monkeys were not required
to make a choice. These results demonstrate for the first
time that parietal cortex carries abstract,
modality-independent target value signals that inform the
choice of where to look.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2008.02.047},
Key = {fds267883}
}
@article{fds267884,
Author = {SV Shepherd and ML Platt},
Title = {Spontaneous social orienting and gaze following in
ringtailed lemurs (Lemur catta).},
Journal = {Anim Cogn},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1},
Pages = {13-20},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1435-9448},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17492318},
Abstract = {Both human and nonhuman primates preferentially orient
toward other individuals and follow gaze in controlled
environments. Precisely where any animal looks during
natural behavior, however, remains unknown. We used a novel
telemetric gaze-tracking system to record orienting behavior
of ringtailed lemurs (Lemur catta) interacting with a
naturalistic environment. We here provide the first evidence
that ringtailed lemurs, group-living prosimian primates,
preferentially gaze towards other individuals and, moreover,
follow other lemurs' gaze while freely moving and
interacting in naturalistic social and ecological
environments. Our results support the hypothesis that stem
primates were capable of orienting toward and following the
attention of other individuals. Such abilities may have
enabled the evolution of more complex social behavior and
cognition, including theory of mind and language, which
require spontaneous attention sharing. This is the first
study to use telemetric eye-tracking to quantitatively
monitor gaze in any nonhuman animal during locomotion,
feeding, and social interaction. Moreover, this is the first
demonstration of gaze following by a prosimian primate and
the first to report gaze following during spontaneous
interaction in naturalistic social environments.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-007-0083-6},
Key = {fds267884}
}
@article{fds267885,
Author = {SR Heilbronner and ML Platt},
Title = {Animal cognition: time flies when chimps are having
fun.},
Journal = {Curr Biol},
Volume = {17},
Number = {23},
Pages = {R1008-R1010},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0960-9822},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18054760},
Abstract = {Chimpanzees, like children, actively distract themselves to
cope with waiting for a desired but delayed reward.
Self-control may thus be a capacity we share with our
nonhuman primate relatives.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2007.10.012},
Key = {fds267885}
}
@article{fds267882,
Author = {BY Hayden and ML Platt},
Title = {Animal cognition: great apes wait for grapes.},
Journal = {Curr Biol},
Volume = {17},
Number = {21},
Pages = {R922-R923},
Year = {2007},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0960-9822},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17983569},
Abstract = {Humans may be patient when it comes to money, but
chimpanzees are willing to wait longer than humans for food,
suggesting patience is neither innate nor uniquely
human.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2007.08.061},
Key = {fds267882}
}
@article{fds267931,
Author = {JD Roitman and EM Brannon and ML Platt},
Title = {Monotonic coding of numerosity in macaque lateral
intraparietal area.},
Journal = {PLoS Biol},
Volume = {5},
Number = {8},
Pages = {e208},
Year = {2007},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17676978},
Abstract = {As any child knows, the first step in counting is summing up
individual elements, yet the brain mechanisms responsible
for this process remain obscure. Here we show, for the first
time, that a population of neurons in the lateral
intraparietal area of monkeys encodes the total number of
elements within their classical receptive fields in a graded
fashion, across a wide range of numerical values (2-32).
Moreover, modulation of neuronal activity by visual quantity
developed rapidly, within 100 ms of stimulus onset, and was
independent of attention, reward expectations, or stimulus
attributes such as size, density, or color. The responses of
these neurons resemble the outputs of "accumulator neurons"
postulated in computational models of number processing.
Numerical accumulator neurons may provide inputs to neurons
encoding specific cardinal values, such as "4," that have
been described in previous work. Our findings may explain
the frequent association of visuospatial and numerical
deficits following damage to parietal cortex in
humans.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.0050208},
Key = {fds267931}
}
@article{fds267881,
Author = {BY Hayden and PC Parikh and RO Deaner and ML Platt},
Title = {Economic principles motivating social attention in
humans.},
Journal = {Proc Biol Sci},
Volume = {274},
Number = {1619},
Pages = {1751-1756},
Year = {2007},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0962-8452},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17490943},
Abstract = {We know little about the processes by which we evaluate the
opportunity to look at another person. We propose that
behavioural economics provides a powerful approach to
understanding this basic aspect of social attention. We
hypothesized that the decision process culminating in
attention to another person follows the same economic
principles that govern choices about rewards such as food,
drinks and money. Specifically, such rewards are discounted
as a function of time, are tradable for other rewards, and
reinforce work. Behavioural and neurobiological evidence
suggests that looking at other people can also be described
as rewarding, but to what extent these economic principles
apply to social orienting remains unknown. Here, we show
that the opportunity to view pictures of the opposite sex is
discounted by delay to viewing, substitutes for money and
reinforces work. The reward value of photos of the opposite
sex varied with physical attractiveness and was greater in
men, suggesting differential utility of acquiring visual
information about the opposite sex in men and women.
Together, these results demonstrate that choosing whom to
look at follows a general set of economic principles,
implicating shared neural mechanisms in both social and
non-social decision making.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2007.0368},
Key = {fds267881}
}
@article{fds267851,
Author = {SV Shepherd and ML Platt},
Title = {Orienting by prosimian primates in naturalistic
conditions},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {69},
Pages = {122-122},
Year = {2007},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000247093700187&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds267851}
}
@article{fds267929,
Author = {JD Roitman and EM Brannon, JR Andrews and ML
Platt},
Title = {Nonverbal representation of time and number in
adults.},
Journal = {Acta Psychol (Amst)},
Volume = {124},
Number = {3},
Pages = {296-318},
Year = {2007},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0001-6918},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16759623},
Abstract = {A wealth of human and animal research supports common neural
processing of numerical and temporal information. Here we
test whether adult humans spontaneously encode number and
time in a paradigm similar to those previously used to test
the mode-control model in animals. Subjects were trained to
classify visual stimuli that varied in both number and
duration as few/short or many/long. Subsequently subjects
were tested with novel stimuli that varied time and held
number constant (eight flashes in 0.8-3.2s) or varied number
and held time constant (4-16 flashes in 1.6s). Adult humans
classified novel stimuli as many/long as monotonic functions
of both number and duration, consistent with simultaneous,
nonverbal, analog encoding. Numerical sensitivity, however,
was finer than temporal sensitivity, suggesting differential
salience of time and number. These results support the
notion that adults simultaneously represent the number and
duration of stimuli but suggest a possible asymmetry in
their representations.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.actpsy.2006.03.008},
Key = {fds267929}
}
@article{fds267879,
Author = {RO Deaner and SV Shepherd and ML Platt},
Title = {Familiarity accentuates gaze cuing in women but not
men.},
Journal = {Biol Lett},
Volume = {3},
Number = {1},
Pages = {64-67},
Year = {2007},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1744-9561},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17443967},
Abstract = {Gaze cuing, the tendency to shift attention in the direction
other individuals are looking, is hypothesized to depend on
a distinct neural module. One expectation of such a module
is that information processing should be encapsulated within
it. Here, we tested whether familiarity, a type of social
knowledge, penetrates the neural circuits governing gaze
cuing. Male and female subjects viewed the face of an adult
male looking left or right and then pressed a keypad to
indicate the location of a target appearing randomly left or
right. Responses were faster for targets congruent with gaze
direction. Moreover, gaze cuing was stronger in females than
males. Contrary to the modularity hypothesis, familiarity
enhanced gaze cuing, but only in females. Sex differences in
the effects of familiarity on gaze cuing may reflect greater
adaptive significance of social information for females than
males.},
Key = {fds267879}
}
@article{fds267880,
Author = {BY Hayden and ML Platt},
Title = {Temporal discounting predicts risk sensitivity in rhesus
macaques.},
Journal = {Curr Biol},
Volume = {17},
Number = {1},
Pages = {49-53},
Year = {2007},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0960-9822},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17208186},
Abstract = {Humans and animals tend both to avoid uncertainty and to
prefer immediate over future rewards. The comorbidity of
psychiatric disorders such as impulsivity, problem gambling,
and addiction suggests that a common mechanism may underlie
risk sensitivity and temporal discounting. Nonetheless, the
precise relationship between these two traits remains
largely unknown. To examine whether risk sensitivity and
temporal discounting reflect a common process, we recorded
choices made by two rhesus macaques in a visual gambling
task while we varied the delay between trials. We found that
preference for the risky option declined with increasing
delay between sequential choices in the task, even when all
other task parameters were held constant. These results were
quantitatively predicted by a model that assumed that the
subjective expected utility of the risky option is evaluated
based on the expected time of the larger payoff. The
importance of the larger payoff in this model suggests that
the salience of larger payoffs played a critical role in
determining the value of risky options. These data suggest
that risk sensitivity may be a product of other cognitive
processes, and specifically that myopia for the future and
the salience of jackpots control the propensity to take a
gamble.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2006.10.055},
Key = {fds267880}
}
@article{fds267930,
Author = {JD Roitman and EM Brannon and ML Platt},
Title = {Monotonic coding of numerosity in macaque lateral
intraparietal area},
Journal = {PLoS Biology},
Volume = {5},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1672-1682},
Year = {2007},
ISSN = {1544-9173},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0050208},
Abstract = {As any child knows, the first step in counting is summing up
individual elements, yet the brain mechanisms responsible
for this process remain obscure. Here we show, for the first
time, that a population of neurons in the lateral
intraparietal area of monkeys encodes the total number of
elements within their classical receptive fields in a graded
fashion, across a wide range of numerical values (2-32).
Moreover, modulation of neuronal activity by visual quantity
developed rapidly, within 100 ms of stimulus onset, and was
independent of attention, reward expectations, or stimulus
attributes such as size, density, or color. The responses of
these neurons resemble the outputs of "accumulator neurons"
postulated in computational models of number processing.
Numerical accumulator neurons may provide inputs to neurons
encoding specific cardinal values, such as "4," that have
been described in previous work. Our findings may explain
the frequent association of visuospatial and numerical
deficits following damage to parietal cortex in humans. ©
2007 Roitman et al.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.0050208},
Key = {fds267930}
}
@article{fds267924,
Author = {SA Huettel and CJ Stowe and EM Gordon and BT Warner and ML
Platt},
Title = {Neural signatures of economic preferences for risk and
ambiguity.},
Journal = {Neuron},
Volume = {49},
Number = {5},
Pages = {765-775},
Year = {2006},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0896-6273},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16504951},
Abstract = {People often prefer the known over the unknown, sometimes
sacrificing potential rewards for the sake of surety.
Overcoming impulsive preferences for certainty in order to
exploit uncertain but potentially lucrative options may
require specialized neural mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate
by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that
individuals' preferences for risk (uncertainty with known
probabilities) and ambiguity (uncertainty with unknown
probabilities) predict brain activation associated with
decision making. Activation within the lateral prefrontal
cortex was predicted by ambiguity preference and was also
negatively correlated with an independent clinical measure
of behavioral impulsiveness, suggesting that this region
implements contextual analysis and inhibits impulsive
responses. In contrast, activation of the posterior parietal
cortex was predicted by risk preference. Together, this
novel double dissociation indicates that decision making
under ambiguity does not represent a special, more complex
case of risky decision making; instead, these two forms of
uncertainty are supported by distinct mechanisms.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2006.01.024},
Key = {fds267924}
}
@article{fds267874,
Author = {SV Shepherd and ML Platt},
Title = {Noninvasive telemetric gaze tracking in freely moving
socially housed prosimian primates.},
Journal = {Methods},
Volume = {38},
Number = {3},
Pages = {185-194},
Year = {2006},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1046-2023},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16431130},
Abstract = {Behavioral and neurophysiological studies strongly suggest
that visual orienting reflects the integration of sensory,
motor, and motivational variables. Relatively little is
known, however, regarding the goals that govern visual
orienting of animals in their natural environments. Field
observations suggest that most nonhuman primates orient to
features of their natural environments whose salience is
dictated by the visual demands of foraging, locomotion, and
social interaction. This hypothesis is difficult to test
quantitatively, however, in part because accurate
gaze-tracking technology has not been employed in field
studies. We here report the implementation of a new,
telemetric, infrared-video gaze-tracker to measure visual
orienting in freely moving, socially housed prosimian
primates (Lemur catta). Two male lemurs tolerated the system
at approximately 1/4 body weight, permitting successful
measurements of gaze behavior during spontaneous locomotion
through both terrestrial and arboreal landscapes, and in
both social and asocial environments.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ymeth.2005.12.003},
Key = {fds267874}
}
@article{fds267872,
Author = {HL Dean and ML Platt},
Title = {Allocentric spatial referencing of neuronal activity in
macaque posterior cingulate cortex.},
Journal = {J Neurosci},
Volume = {26},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1117-1127},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16436597},
Abstract = {Neuronal activity in posterior cingulate cortex (CGp) is
modulated by visual stimulation, saccades, and eye position,
suggesting a role for this area in visuospatial
transformations. The goal of this study was to determine
whether neuronal responses in CGp are anchored to the eyes,
head, or outside the body (allocentrically). To discriminate
retinocentric from nonretinocentric spatial referencing, the
activity of single CGp neurons was recorded while monkeys
(Macaca mulatta) performed delayed-saccade trials initiated
randomly from three different starting positions to a linear
array of targets passing through the neuronal response
field. For most neurons, tuning curves, segregated by
fixation point, aligned more closely when plotted with
respect to the display than when plotted with respect to the
eye, suggesting a nonretinocentric frame of reference. A
second experiment differentiated between spatial referencing
in coordinates anchored to the head or body and allocentric
spatial referencing. Monkeys shifted gaze from a central
fixation point to the array of previously used targets both
before and after whole-body rotation with respect to the
display. For most neurons, tuning curves, segregated by
fixation position, aligned more closely when plotted as a
function of target position in the room than when plotted as
a function of target position with respect to the monkey.
These data indicate that a population of CGp neurons encodes
visuospatial events in allocentric coordinates.},
Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2497-05.2006},
Key = {fds267872}
}
@article{fds267871,
Author = {MS Bendiksby and ML Platt},
Title = {Neural correlates of reward and attention in macaque area
LIP.},
Journal = {Neuropsychologia},
Volume = {44},
Number = {12},
Pages = {2411-2420},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {0028-3932},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16757005},
Abstract = {Saccade reaction times decrease and the frequency of target
choices increases with the size of rewards delivered for
orienting to a particular visual target. Similarly,
increasing rewards for orienting to a visual target enhances
neuronal responses in the macaque lateral intraparietal area
(LIP), as well as other brain areas. These observations
raise several questions. First, are reward-related
modulations in neuronal activity in LIP, as well as other
areas, spatially specific or more global in nature? Second,
to what extent does reward modulation of neuronal activity
in area LIP reflect changes in visual rather than motor
processing? And third, to what degree are reward-related
modulations in LIP activity independent of
performance-related modulations thought to reflect changes
in attention? Here we show that increasing the size of fluid
rewards in blocks reduced saccade reaction times and
improved performance in monkeys performing a
peripherally-cued saccade task. LIP neurons responded to
visual cues spatially segregated from the saccade target,
and for many neurons visual responses were systematically
modulated by expected reward size. Neuronal responses also
were positively correlated with reaction times independent
of reward size, consistent with re-orienting of attention to
the saccade target. These observations suggest that
motivation and attention independently contribute to the
strength of sustained visual responses in LIP. Our data thus
implicate LIP in the integration of the sensory, motor, and
motivational variables that guide orienting.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.04.011},
Key = {fds267871}
}
@article{fds267875,
Author = {SV Shepherd and RO Deaner and ML Platt},
Title = {Social status gates social attention in monkeys
[2]},
Journal = {Current Biology},
Volume = {16},
Number = {4},
Pages = {R119-R120},
Year = {2006},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2006.02.013},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2006.02.013},
Key = {fds267875}
}
@article{fds267876,
Author = {M Platt},
Title = {Animal Cognition: Monkey Meteorology},
Journal = {Current Biology},
Volume = {16},
Number = {12},
Pages = {R464-R466},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {0960-9822},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2006.05.033},
Abstract = {Mangabey monkeys have been shown to rely on memory of recent
trends in temperature and solar radiation to decide whether
to feed on a particular patch of fruit. These observations
reveal a rich mental representation of the physical
environment in monkeys and suggest foraging may have been an
important selective pressure in primate cognitive evolution.
© 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2006.05.033},
Key = {fds267876}
}
@article{fds267877,
Author = {K Watson and ML Platt},
Title = {Fairness and the neurobiology of social cognition:
Commentary on "nonhuman species' reactions to inequity and
their implications for fairness" by Sarah
Brosnan},
Journal = {Social Justice Research},
Volume = {19},
Number = {2},
Pages = {186-193},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {0885-7466},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11211-006-0008-6},
Abstract = {Behavioral responses to social norm violation, such as those
described in non-human primates by Brosnan, require, at the
very least, attention to social cues, sensitivity to change
(e.g., disappointment), and behavioral inhibition.
Neurobiological evidence suggests that these various
processes are instantiated in neural circuits localized to
the parietal cortex, the striatum, and prefrontal cortex,
respectively. Here we provide a brief overview of these
neural mechanisms, which are likely to be involved in the
perception of, and reaction to, social inequity. © 2006
Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1007/s11211-006-0008-6},
Key = {fds267877}
}
@article{fds267878,
Author = {BY Hayden and ML Platt},
Title = {Fool me once, shame on me - fool me twice, blame the
ACC},
Journal = {Nature Neuroscience},
Volume = {9},
Number = {7},
Pages = {857-859},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {1097-6256},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn0706-857},
Abstract = {The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is thought to detect
unfavorable outcomes and thus influence behavior. A new
paper reports that ACC-lesioned monkeys respond normally to
reduced rewards, but do not maintain their improved
behavioral strategy. The ACC thus is not a simple error
detector, but an integrator of past reward experience. ©
2006 Nature Publishing Group.},
Doi = {10.1038/nn0706-857},
Key = {fds267878}
}
@article{fds267869,
Author = {AN McCoy and ML Platt},
Title = {Risk-sensitive neurons in macaque posterior cingulate
cortex.},
Journal = {Nat Neurosci},
Volume = {8},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1220-1227},
Year = {2005},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1097-6256},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16116449},
Abstract = {People and animals often demonstrate strong attraction or
aversion to options with uncertain or risky rewards, yet the
neural substrate of subjective risk preferences has rarely
been investigated. Here we show that monkeys systematically
preferred the risky target in a visual gambling task in
which they chose between two targets offering the same mean
reward but differing in reward uncertainty. Neuronal
activity in posterior cingulate cortex (CGp), a brain area
linked to visual orienting and reward processing, increased
when monkeys made risky choices and scaled with the degree
of risk. CGp activation was better predicted by the
subjective salience of a chosen target than by its actual
value. These data suggest that CGp signals the subjective
preferences that guide visual orienting.},
Doi = {10.1038/nn1523},
Key = {fds267869}
}
@article{fds267870,
Author = {SJ Roberts and ML Platt},
Title = {Effects of isosexual pair-housing on biomedical implants and
study participation in male macaques.},
Journal = {Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci},
Volume = {44},
Number = {5},
Pages = {13-18},
Year = {2005},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1060-0558},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16138775},
Abstract = {Social housing has been shown to contribute to the
psychological well-being and physical health of captive
primates, and this factor has led to United States
Department of Agriculture guidelines requiring facilities to
address the social needs of primate species known to live
socially in nature as long as doing so does not endanger the
animals or interfere with research goals. Although
pair-housing is the best way to provide social enrichment,
many researchers and facilities are hesitant to implement
it, particularly in biomedical research contexts where
implanted devices or behavioral performance might be
compromised. In order to study the effects of pair-housing
on biomedical implants and study participation, we collected
data from a group of isosexually pair-housed male macaques
(adult and subadult) with 1) cranial and eye implants and 2)
controlled access to water as means of motivating subjects
to participate in psychophysical studies. Implants, study
participation, and weight gain were not adversely affected
by pair-housing. Our results support the use of pair-housing
as social enrichment for macaques with biomedical implants
and controlled access to water.},
Key = {fds267870}
}
@article{fds267868,
Author = {RO Deaner and AV Khera and ML Platt},
Title = {Monkeys pay per view: adaptive valuation of social images by
rhesus macaques.},
Journal = {Curr Biol},
Volume = {15},
Number = {6},
Pages = {543-548},
Year = {2005},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0960-9822},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15797023},
Abstract = {Individuals value information that improves decision making.
When social interactions complicate the decision process,
acquiring information about others should be particularly
valuable. In primate societies, kinship, dominance, and
reproductive status regulate social interactions and should
therefore systematically influence the value of social
information, but this has never been demonstrated. Here, we
show that monkeys differentially value the opportunity to
acquire visual information about particular classes of
social images. Male rhesus macaques sacrificed fluid for the
opportunity to view female perinea and the faces of
high-status monkeys but required fluid overpayment to view
the faces of low-status monkeys. Social value was highly
consistent across subjects, independent of particular images
displayed, and only partially predictive of how long
subjects chose to view each image. These data demonstrate
that visual orienting decisions reflect the specific social
content of visual information and provide the first
experimental evidence that monkeys spontaneously
discriminate images of others based on social
status.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.044},
Key = {fds267868}
}
@article{fds267867,
Author = {AN McCoy and ML Platt},
Title = {Expectations and outcomes: decision-making in the primate
brain.},
Journal = {J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav
Physiol},
Volume = {191},
Number = {3},
Pages = {201-211},
Year = {2005},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0340-7594},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15759141},
Abstract = {Success in a constantly changing environment requires that
decision-making strategies be updated as reward
contingencies change. How this is accomplished by the
nervous system has, until recently, remained a profound
mystery. New studies coupling economic theory with
neurophysiological techniques have revealed the explicit
representation of behavioral value. Specifically, when fluid
reinforcement is paired with visually-guided eye movements,
neurons in parietal cortex, prefrontal cortex, the basal
ganglia, and superior colliculus-all nodes in a network
linking visual stimulation with the generation of oculomotor
behavior-encode the expected value of targets lying within
their response fields. Other brain areas have been
implicated in the processing of reward-related information
in the abstract: midbrain dopaminergic neurons, for
instance, signal an error in reward prediction. Still other
brain areas link information about reward to the selection
and performance of specific actions in order for behavior to
adapt to changing environmental exigencies. Neurons in
posterior cingulate cortex have been shown to carry signals
related to both reward outcomes and oculomotor behavior,
suggesting that they participate in updating estimates of
orienting value.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00359-004-0565-9},
Key = {fds267867}
}
@article{fds267873,
Author = {A Long and M Platt},
Title = {Decision making: The virtue of patience in
primates},
Journal = {Current Biology},
Volume = {15},
Number = {21},
Pages = {R874-R876},
Year = {2005},
ISSN = {0960-9822},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.10.024},
Abstract = {Marmoset monkeys devalue rewards requiring travel to
acquire, but tamarin monkeys do not, despite the greater
patience of marmosets when rewards are delayed in time. Such
preference reversals, not predicted by standard economic
theory, may reflect behavioral mechanisms adaptively
specialized for different spatial and temporal patterns of
foraging.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2005.10.024},
Key = {fds267873}
}
@article{fds267944,
Author = {HL Dean and JC Crowley and ML Platt},
Title = {Visual and saccade-related activity in macaque posterior
cingulate cortex.},
Journal = {J Neurophysiol},
Volume = {92},
Number = {5},
Pages = {3056-3068},
Year = {2004},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0022-3077},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15201314},
Keywords = {Animals Fixation, Ocular Gyrus Cinguli Macaca mulatta Male
Microelectrodes Movement Neurons Reaction Time Saccades
Visual Perception physiology physiology*},
Abstract = {Previous neurophysiological studies have reported that
neurons in posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) respond after
eye movements, and that these responses may vary with
ambient illumination. In monkeys, PCC neurons also respond
after the illumination of large visual patterns but not
after the illumination of small visual targets on either
reflexive saccade tasks or peripheral attention tasks. These
observations suggest that neuronal activity in PCC is
modulated by behavioral context, which varies with the
timing and spatial distribution of visual and oculomotor
events. To test this hypothesis, we measured the spatial and
temporal response properties of single PCC neurons in
monkeys performing saccades in which target location and
movement timing varied unpredictably. Specifically, an
unsignaled delay between target onset and movement onset
permitted us to temporally dissociate changes in PCC
activity associated with either event. Response fields
constructed from these data demonstrated that many PCC
neurons were activated after the illumination of small
contralateral visual targets, as well as after the onset of
contraversive saccades guided by those targets. In addition,
the PCC population maintained selectivity for small
contralateral targets during delays of up to 600 ms.
Overall, PCC activation was highly variable trial to trial
and selective for a broad range of directions and
amplitudes. Planar functions described response fields
nearly as well as broadly tuned 2-dimensional Gaussian
functions. Additionally, the overall responsiveness of PCC
neurons decreased during delays when both a fixation
stimulus and a saccade target were visible, suggesting a
modulation by divided attention. Finally, the strength of
the neuronal response after target onset was correlated with
saccade accuracy on delayed-saccade trials. Thus PCC neurons
may signal salient visual and oculomotor events, consistent
with a role in visual orienting and attention.},
Doi = {10.1152/jn.00691.2003},
Key = {fds267944}
}
@article{fds267849,
Author = {SJ Roberts and ML Platt},
Title = {Pair-housing macaques with biomedical implants: A safe and
practical alternative to single-housing},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {62},
Number = {1},
Pages = {96-97},
Year = {2004},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000202993400116&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds267849}
}
@article{fds267943,
Author = {ML Platt},
Title = {Unpredictable primates and prefrontal cortex.},
Journal = {Nat Neurosci},
Volume = {7},
Number = {4},
Pages = {319-320},
Year = {2004},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1097-6256},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15048115},
Keywords = {Animals Choice Behavior Forecasting Game Theory* Haplorhini
Mental Processes Practice (Psychology) Prefrontal Cortex
Probability Learning* physiology*},
Doi = {10.1038/nn0404-319},
Key = {fds267943}
}
@article{fds114688,
Title = {McCoy AN, Platt ML. Expectations and outcomes:
decision-making in the primate brain. J Comp Physiol A
Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol. 2004 10
12.},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds114688}
}
@article{fds114690,
Title = {Dean HL, Crowley JC and Platt ML (2004) Visual and
saccade-related activity in posterior cingulate cortex
(CGp). J Neurophysiol. 92:3056-68.},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds114690}
}
@article{fds114691,
Title = {McCoy AN and Platt ML (2004) Expectations and outcomes:
Decision-making in the primate brain. J Comp Physiol.
(In press)},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds114691}
}
@article{fds114692,
Title = {Deaner RO and Platt ML (2004) Monkeys pay per view: Social
value in rhesus macaques. (Under review, Current
Biology)},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds114692}
}
@article{fds114693,
Title = {Roberts S and Platt ML (2004) Effects of isosexual
pair-housing on biomedical implants and study participation
in male macaques. (Under review, Contemporary Topics in
Laboratory Animal Science)},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds114693}
}
@article{fds114694,
Title = {Roitman JD, Andrews J, Brannon EM and Platt ML (2004)
Implicit analog representation of time and number in adult
humans. (Submitted)},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds114694}
}
@article{fds114695,
Title = {Platt ML (2004) Unpredictable primates and prefrontal
cortex. Nature Neuroscience 7:319-320.},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds114695}
}
@article{fds267940,
Author = {AN McCoy and JC Crowley and G Haghighian and HL Dean and ML
Platt},
Title = {Saccade reward signals in posterior cingulate
cortex.},
Journal = {Neuron},
Volume = {40},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1031-1040},
Year = {2003},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0896-6273},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14659101},
Keywords = {Animals Cerebral Cortex Gyrus Cinguli Macaca mulatta Male
Neurons Reward* Saccades physiology physiology*},
Abstract = {Movement selection depends on the outcome of prior behavior.
Posterior cingulate cortex (CGp) is strongly connected with
both limbic and oculomotor circuitry, and CGp neurons
respond following saccades, suggesting a role in signaling
the motivational outcome of gaze shifts. To test this
hypothesis, single CGp neurons were studied in monkeys while
they shifted gaze to visual targets for liquid rewards that
varied in size or were delivered probabilistically. CGp
neurons responded following saccades as well as following
reward delivery, and these responses were correlated with
reward size. CGp neurons also responded following the
omission of predicted rewards. The timing of CGp activation
and its modulation by reward could provide signals useful
for updating representations of expected saccade
value.},
Key = {fds267940}
}
@article{fds267941,
Author = {RO Deaner and ML Platt},
Title = {Reflexive social attention in monkeys and
humans.},
Journal = {Curr Biol},
Volume = {13},
Number = {18},
Pages = {1609-1613},
Year = {2003},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0960-9822},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13678591},
Keywords = {Animals Cues Fixation, Ocular Humans Macaca mulatta Male
Orientation Psychomotor Performance Reaction Time Reflex
Social Behavior* Social Environment Visual Fields
physiology*},
Abstract = {For humans, social cues often guide the focus of attention.
Although many nonhuman primates, like humans, live in large,
complex social groups, the extent to which human and
nonhuman primates share fundamental mechanisms of social
attention remains unexplored. Here, we show that, when
viewing a rhesus macaque looking in a particular direction,
both rhesus macaques and humans reflexively and covertly
orient their attention in the same direction. Specifically,
when performing a peripheral visual target detection task,
viewing a monkey with either its eyes alone or with both its
head and eyes averted to one side facilitated the detection
of peripheral targets when they randomly appeared on the
same side. Moreover, viewing images of a monkey with averted
gaze evoked small but systematic shifts in eye position in
the direction of gaze in the image. The similar magnitude
and temporal dynamics of response facilitation and eye
deviation in monkeys and humans suggest shared neural
circuitry mediating social attention.},
Key = {fds267941}
}
@article{fds267955,
Author = {ML Platt},
Title = {Learning is bitter and sweet in ventral striatum.},
Journal = {Neuron},
Volume = {38},
Number = {4},
Pages = {518-519},
Year = {2003},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0896-6273},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12765603},
Keywords = {Animals Basal Ganglia Discrimination Learning Smell Taste
physiology*},
Language = {eng},
Key = {fds267955}
}
@article{fds267865,
Author = {MS Bendiksby and ML Platt},
Title = {Effects of attention and motivation on neuronal activity in
parietal cortex},
Journal = {Journal of Vision},
Volume = {3},
Number = {9},
Pages = {475a},
Year = {2003},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/3.9.475},
Abstract = {Prior studies have demonstrated that neuronal activity in
the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) is correlated with the
probability or magnitude of reward that can be expected upon
execution of visually-guided saccades as well as by the
deployment of visual attention. Reward-related modulations
in neuronal activity may thus reflect differential
deployment of attention to visual stimuli based on reward
size or certainty. The goal of this study was to distinguish
motivational from attentional representations in LIP. To
accomplish this, rhesus monkeys were trained to perform a
peripheral attention task at psychophysical threshold.
Subjects were required to indicate the brief flicker of one
of two peripheral cues by shifting gaze to a response target
positioned in the opposite hemifield. On each trial, one
randomly selected peripheral cue was illuminated first,
indicating the location of the flicker with 80% validity.
The magnitude of reward delivered for correct trials was
then varied independently across blocks. Flicker detection
was correlated with cue validity, indicating that subjects
selectively attended to the early onset location. Blocks of
larger reward were associated with shorter reaction times on
both valid and invalid trials, indicating a general increase
in motivation. Elevated motivation was associated with
increases in the signal detection measure d', indicating
enhanced visual processing at the attended location.
Neuronal activity in LIP was higher for the attended
location, and increased reward was associated with enhanced
neuronal selectivity. These data suggest that neuronal
activity in LIP reflects the differential deployment of
attention to visual stimuli, and that motivation sharpens
attentional processing.},
Doi = {10.1167/3.9.475},
Key = {fds267865}
}
@article{fds267866,
Author = {HL Dean and ML Platt},
Title = {Spatial representations in posterior cingulate
cortex},
Journal = {Journal of Vision},
Volume = {3},
Number = {9},
Pages = {427a},
Year = {2003},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/3.9.427},
Abstract = {Posterior cingulate cortex (CGp) is thought to participate
in sensorimotor transformations linking visual stimuli with
saccades. CGp is strongly connected with visual and premotor
cortical areas, and CGp neurons respond following saccades.
The activity of CGp neurons has previously been shown to be
modulated by the position of the eye in the orbit as well as
by saccade direction and amplitude. The goals of this study
were to establish whether or not the timing of CGp responses
depends on the timing of task events; to determine if the
spatial structure of CGp responses can be quantified using
gaussian or planar functions, as in other visuomotor areas;
and to determine quantitatively which coordinate framework
CGp neurons use to encode spatial information. To address
the first two goals, single CGp neurons were studied while
monkeys (M. mulatta) performed reaction-time and
delayed-saccade trials guided by targets located throughout
the central 36° of visual space. CGp neurons responded
after contralateral target onset as well as after
contraversive movement onset. Plots of firing rate against
horizontal and vertical saccade amplitude (response fields)
were well-described by tilted planes. To determine the
coordinates in which CGp responses are anchored, subjects
performed delayed-saccade trials initiated from different
starting positions to targets appearing along an axis
passing through the neuronal response field. Neuronal
activity was measured during 11 sequential epochs on each
trial, segregated by fixation position, and plotted as a
function of both movement vector and final eye position. For
most CGp neurons, tuning curves were better aligned when
plotted as a function of final eye position than movement
vector, suggesting that CGp encodes information in a head-
or world-centered coordinate framework. In order to
differentiate between these possibilities, tuning curves
were then compared before and after rotating the monkey with
respect to the visual display.},
Doi = {10.1167/3.9.427},
Key = {fds267866}
}
@article{fds267949,
Author = {ML Platt},
Title = {Neural correlates of decisions.},
Journal = {Curr Opin Neurobiol},
Volume = {12},
Number = {2},
Pages = {141-148},
Year = {2002},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0959-4388},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12015229},
Keywords = {Animals Brain Choice Behavior Decision Making Haplorhini
Learning Memory physiology physiology*},
Abstract = {Once considered the province of philosophy and the
behavioral sciences, the process of making decisions has
received increasing scrutiny from neurobiologists. Recent
research suggests that sensory judgements unfold through the
gradual accumulation of neuronal signals in sensory-motor
pathways, favoring one alternative over others. Stored
representations of the outcome of prior actions activate
neurons in many of these same areas during decision-making.
The challenge for neurobiologists lies in deciphering how
signals from these disparate areas are integrated to form a
single behavioral choice and the mechanisms responsible for
selecting the appropriate information upon which decisions
should be informed in particular contexts.},
Language = {eng},
Key = {fds267949}
}
@article{fds267957,
Author = {ML Platt},
Title = {Caudate clues to rewarding cues.},
Journal = {Neuron},
Volume = {33},
Number = {3},
Pages = {316-318},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0896-6273},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11832219},
Keywords = {Animals Behavior, Animal Caudate Nucleus Cues* Decision
Theory Eye Movements Haplorhini Humans Neurons Photic
Stimulation Reward* Visual Perception cytology
physiology*},
Abstract = {Behavioral studies indicate that prior experience can
influence discrimination of subsequent stimuli. The
mechanisms responsible for highlighting a particular aspect
of the stimulus, such as motion or color, as most relevant
and thus deserving further scrutiny, however, remain poorly
understood. In the current issue of Neuron, demonstrate that
neurons in the caudate nucleus of the basal ganglia signal
which dimension of a visual cue, either color or location,
is associated with reward in an eye movement task. These
findings raise the possibility that this structure
participates in the reward-based control of visual
attention.},
Language = {eng},
Key = {fds267957}
}
@article{fds114670,
Title = {McCoy, A.M and M.L. Platt. Reward modulation of neuronal
activity in posterior cingulate cortex. Soc. Neurosci.
Abstr. 2002 28:86.1},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds114670}
}
@article{fds114671,
Title = {Dean, H.L. and M.L. Platt. Spatial reference frames in
posterior cingulate cortex. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 2002
28:57.18},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds114671}
}
@article{fds114685,
Title = {Deaner, R.O. and M.L. Platt. Social cues shift visual
attention in monkeys. Soc Neurosci. Abstr. 2002
28.55.1.},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds114685}
}
@article{fds114686,
Title = {Bendiksby, M.S. and M.L. Platt. Neural correlates of
attention and motivational value in parietal cortex. Soc.
Neurosci. Abstr. 2002 28:559.12.},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds114686}
}
@article{fds267950,
Author = {PW Glimcher and VM Ciaramitaro and ML Platt and HM Bayer and MA Brown and A Handel},
Title = {Application of neurosonography to experimental
physiology.},
Journal = {J Neurosci Methods},
Volume = {108},
Number = {2},
Pages = {131-144},
Year = {2001},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0165-0270},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11478972},
Keywords = {Animals Brain Echoencephalography Electrophysiology Macaca
Microelectrodes Neurophysiology Reproducibility of Results
Stereotaxic Techniques Wakefulness anatomy & histology
instrumentation instrumentation* methods* physiology
radiography*},
Abstract = {When Horsley and Clark invented the stereotaxic technique
they revolutionized experimental neurobiology. For the first
time it became possible to repeatably place experimental or
surgical probes at precise locations within the skull.
Unfortunately, variations in the position and size of
neuroanatomical structures within the cranium have always
limited the efficiency of this technology. Recent advances
in diagnostic medical ultrasonography, however, allow for
the real-time visualization of anatomical structures, in
some cases with resolutions of up to 150 microm. We report
here that commercially available ultrasonographs can be used
in the laboratory to generate real-time in vivo images of
brain structures in both anesthetized and awake-behaving
animals. We found that ultrasonic imaging is compatible with
many types of experimental probes including single neuron
recording electrodes, microinjection pipettes, and
electrodes for producing electrolytic lesions. Ultrasonic
imaging can be used to place, monitor and visualize these
probes in vivo. In our hands, commercially available
ultrasonic probes designed for pediatric use allowed us to
visualize anatomical structures with sub-millimeter
resolution in primate brains. Finally, ultrasonic imaging
allowed us to reduce the risk of accidentally damaging major
blood vessels, greatly reducing the incidence of stroke as
an unintended complication of an experimental neurosurgical
procedure. Diagnostic ultrasound holds the promise of
reducing the uncertainty associated with stereotaxic
surgery, an improvement which would significantly improve
the efficiency of many neurobiological investigations,
reducing the number of animal subjects employed in this
research. While this demonstration focuses on sonographic
imaging in non-human primates, similar advances should also
be possible for studies in other species, including
rodents.},
Language = {eng},
Key = {fds267950}
}
@article{fds114665,
Title = {Crowley, J.C., G. Haghighian, and M.L. Platt. Posterior
cingulate neurons encode eye movement value. Soc. Neurosci.
Abstr. 2001 27: 153.},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds114665}
}
@article{fds114674,
Title = {Platt, M.L., A.N. McCoy and J.C. Crowley. Reference frames
for spatial representations in posterior cingulate cortex.
Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 2001 27: 153.},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds114674}
}
@article{fds267954,
Author = {ML Platt and PW Glimcher},
Title = {Short-term changes in movement frequency do not alter the
spatial tuning of saccade-related neurons in intraparietal
cortex.},
Journal = {Exp Brain Res},
Volume = {132},
Number = {3},
Pages = {279-286},
Year = {2000},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0014-4819},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10883377},
Keywords = {Animals Attention Conditioning (Psychology) Macaca mulatta
Male Neuronal Plasticity Neurons, Afferent Parietal Lobe
Photic Stimulation Probability Psychomotor Performance
Saccades Space Perception Visual Fields cytology* physiology
physiology*},
Abstract = {Modulations of the firing rates of neurons in the lateral
intraparietal area (LIP) have been observed during
experiments designed to examine decision-processing,
movement planning, and visual attention. These modulations
have been assumed to reflect a uniform scaling of spatially
stationary response fields, which describe firing rate as a
function of either visual target location or movement
metrics. However, because complete response fields are
rarely collected, the possibility exists that these
modulations may reflect shifts in response field location or
changes in response field size. Moreover, many of these
observed changes in LIP neuronal activity are also
correlated with experimental practices that alter the
frequency with which particular visual stimuli are viewed
and particular movements are produced. The effects of
repeatedly presenting a particular target and eliciting a
particular movement on the response fields of LIP neurons
warrant closer inspection because manipulations of this type
are known to alter both the location and size of the
receptive fields of many cortical sensory neurons. To
address this issue, we measured the response fields of
neurons in intraparietal cortex under two conditions over a
period of up to 2 h: one in which each of nearly 200
stimulus locations was equally likely to serve as the
saccade target on a trial, and a second in which one
stimulus location was up to 750 times likelier to serve as
the saccade target on a trial than were any of the other
stimulus locations. We found no shifts in response field
location or changes in response field size when we altered
the frequency with which particular movements were produced
or particular visual stimuli were presented. These data
suggest that the response fields of intraparietal neurons
are stationary over short periods of time and under
conditions similar to those typically used to study LIP
neuronal activity.},
Language = {eng},
Key = {fds267954}
}
@article{fds267951,
Author = {ML Platt and PW Glimcher},
Title = {Neural correlates of decision variables in parietal
cortex.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {400},
Number = {6741},
Pages = {233-238},
Year = {1999},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10421364},
Keywords = {Animals Color Perception Decision Making Eye Movements
Fixation, Ocular Macaca Models, Neurological Motor Neurons
Neurons Neurons, Afferent Parietal Lobe Probability Reward
physiology physiology*},
Abstract = {Decision theory proposes that humans and animals decide what
to do in a given situation by assessing the relative value
of each possible response. This assessment can be computed,
in part, from the probability that each action will result
in a gain and the magnitude of the gain expected. Here we
show that the gain (or reward) a monkey can expect to
realize from an eye-movement response modulates the activity
of neurons in the lateral intraparietal area, an area of
primate cortex that is thought to transform visual signals
into eye-movement commands. We also show that the activity
of these neurons is sensitive to the probability that a
particular response will result in a gain. When animals can
choose freely between two alternative responses, the choices
subjects make and neuronal activation in this area are both
correlated with the relative amount of gain that the animal
can expect from each response. Our data indicate that a
decision-theoretic model may provide a powerful new
framework for studying the neural processes that intervene
between sensation and action.},
Doi = {10.1038/22268},
Key = {fds267951}
}
@article{fds267946,
Author = {LN Stoletniy and SM Pai and ML Platt and VI Torres and RG
Pai},
Title = {QT dispersion as a noninvasive predictor of inducible
ventricular tachycardia.},
Journal = {J Electrocardiol},
Volume = {32},
Number = {2},
Pages = {173-177},
Year = {1999},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0022-0736},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10338036},
Keywords = {Adult Aged Electrocardiography Female Heart Conduction
System Humans Male Middle Aged Reproducibility of Results
Tachycardia, Ventricular diagnosis methods* physiology
physiopathology*},
Abstract = {The QT dispersion (QTD) on the surface electrocardiogram is
a noninvasive marker of heterogeneity of ventricular
repolarization. An increased QTD has been associated with
spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias. We investigated the
relationship of QTD to inducible reentrant sustained
ventricular tachycardia (VT) in 66 patients who underwent
programmed electrical stimulation. Thirty-three patients had
inducible VT and 33 had noninducible VT with up to three
extra stimuli. The QTD was significantly longer in patients
with inducible VT (79+/-30 ms) compared with those in whom
VT was noninducible (50+/-20 ms, P < .0001). QTD of > or =70
ms had a sensitivity of 67%, a specificity of 94%, a
positive predictive value of 92%, and a negative predictive
value of 74% for inducible VT. We conclude that QTD is an
easily measurable electrocardiographic index that is
increased in patients with inducible VT, and a QTD of > or
=70 ms is highly predictive of VT inducibility.},
Key = {fds267946}
}
@article{fds267945,
Author = {ML Platt and PW Glimcher},
Title = {Response fields of intraparietal neurons quantified with
multiple saccadic targets.},
Journal = {Exp Brain Res},
Volume = {121},
Number = {1},
Pages = {65-75},
Year = {1998},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0014-4819},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9698192},
Keywords = {Animals Brain Mapping Electrophysiology Macaca mulatta Male
Models, Neurological Neurons Parietal Lobe Saccades Visual
Perception cytology physiology physiology*},
Abstract = {The activity of each of 99 intraparietal neurons was studied
in three awake-behaving rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
while subjects performed 100-900 delayed saccade trials. On
each trial, a saccadic target was presented at one location
selected randomly from a grid of 441 locations spanning 40
degrees of horizontal and vertical visual space. Individual
neurons in our population were sensitive to both the
direction and amplitude of saccades. Response fields, which
plotted firing rate as a function of the horizontal and
vertical amplitude of movements for each neuron, were
characterized by a Cartesian two-dimensional gaussian model.
The goodness-of-fit of these gaussian models was tested by:
(1) comparing observed responses with predicted responses
for each movement; and (2) by computing the percentage of
variance explained by each model. Cartesian Gaussian models
provided a good fit to the response fields of most neurons.
Across our population, the Gaussian fit to the response
field of each neuron accounted for more of the variance in
neuronal activity when the data were plotted with regard to
the horizontal and vertical amplitude of the saccade than
when the same data were plotted with regard to the position
of the saccadic target. The Gaussian functions were used to
estimate the eccentricity and spatial tuning breadth of each
neuronal response field. Modal response field radius was
less than 5 degrees, whereas mean response field radius was
about 10 degrees. Linear regression analysis demonstrated
that response field eccentricity accounted for less than 30%
of the variance in response field radius. Analysis of the
horizontal distribution of response field centers showed an
approximately normal distribution around central fixation.
Most histologically recovered neurons were located on the
lateral bank of the intraparietal sulcus, although a small
number of saccade-related neurons were recorded from
Brodmann's area 5 on the medial bank of the intraparietal
sulcus.},
Key = {fds267945}
}
@article{fds267959,
Author = {ML Platt and PW Glimcher},
Title = {Responses of intraparietal neurons to saccadic targets and
visual distractors.},
Journal = {J Neurophysiol},
Volume = {78},
Number = {3},
Pages = {1574-1589},
Year = {1997},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0022-3077},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9310444},
Keywords = {Animals Attention Conditioning, Operant Cues Macaca mulatta
Male Microelectrodes Neurons Parietal Lobe Photic
Stimulation Saccades Vision cytology physiology
physiology*},
Abstract = {Current evidence suggests that neuronal activity in the
lateral intraparietal area (LIP) reflects sensory-motor
processes, but it remains unclear whether LIP activation
participates directly in the planning of future eye
movements or encodes data about both sensory events and the
behavioral significance of those sensory events. To examine
this issue, 31 intraparietal neurons were studied in awake,
behaving monkeys trained to perform two tasks that
independently controlled the location of a saccadic target
and the location and behavioral relevance of a visual
distractor. In both of these tasks, two eccentric
light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were illuminated yellow, one
above and one below a fixation stimulus. Shortly after the
eccentric LEDs were illuminated, a change in the color of
the fixation stimulus indicated which of these LEDs served
as the saccadic goal and which served as a visual
distractor. In the first or distractor-irrelevant task,
fixation offset indicated that the subject must initiate a
saccade shifting gaze to the saccadic goal. In the second or
distractor-relevant task, distractor offset served as the
saccade initiation cue. Intraparietal neurons responded more
strongly in association with an LED that served as a
saccadic target than in association with the same LED when
it served as a visual distractor. Neuronal responses in
association with either target or distractor stimuli on
distractor-relevant and distractor-irrelevant blocks of
trials were statistically indistinguishable. When the
location of either the target or the distractor was varied
across trials, the response of each neuron in association
with a particular stimulus location was always greater for
targets than for distractors and the magnitude of this
response difference was independent of distractor relevance;
however, distractors were nearly always associated with some
intraparietal neuronal activity. A target/distractor
selectivity index was computed for each neuron as the
difference between responses associated with targets minus
responses associated with distractors divided by the sum of
these values. When the selectivity of each neuron on the
distractor-relevant task was plotted against the selectivity
of the same neuron on the distractor-irrelevant task,
activity in the population of intraparietal neurons was
found to be independent of distractor relevance. These data
suggest that LIP neuronal activation represents saccadic
targets and, at a lower level of activity, visual
distractors, but does not encode the relevance of distractor
stimuli on these tasks.},
Key = {fds267959}
}
@article{fds267864,
Author = {ML Platt and PW Glimcher},
Title = {Do area lip neurons encode the probability that a stimulus
will serve as a saccad. ic target?},
Journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science},
Volume = {38},
Number = {4},
Pages = {S460},
Year = {1997},
ISSN = {0146-0404},
Abstract = {Purpose. To determine whether LIP neurons encode the
probability that a particular stimulus will serve as a
saccadic target. Methods. Single neurons in Area LIP were
studied in 2 headfixed, awake-behaving rhesus monkeys using
standard physiological techniques. In the first experiment,
neuronal responses were recorded during 2 blocks of a
standard delayed saccade task. In the first block, each of
200 uniformly distribuled LEDs was equally likely to serve
as the saccadic target on a given trial. In the second
block, one particular LED served as the saccadic target on
50% of trials while all remaining LEDs were equally
probable. Effects on spatial tuning were assessed by
comparing response fields measured under these two different
probability conditions. In a second experiment, neuronal
responses were recorded while animals performed 5 blocks of
a cued saccade task. On these trials, the color of the
fixation stimulus determined which of two eccentric yellow
LEDs would serve as the saccadic target. One eccentric LED
was fixed inside, and the other eccentric LED was fixed
outside, the neuronal response field. On each block of cued
saccade trials, the probability that the LED located in the
neuronal response field would serve as the saccadic target
was either 0%, 20%, 50%, 80%, or 100%. For analysis, trials
were sorted as a function of whether the LED in the response
field served as either the target or the distractor. Target
and distractor-associated responses were then plotted as a
function of the probability of target occurrence. Results.
On delayed saccade trials, most neurons showed no changes in
maximum firing rate or spatial tuning when the probability
that a saccadic target would appear at a particular location
was altered. Population data suggest that on average there
was no systematic shift in response field centers towards
the high probability target location and no systematic
change in spatial tuning breadth. On cued saccade trials,
neurons typically fired more strongly in association with an
LED identified as a saccadic target than in association with
the same LED when it served as a distractor. For some cells,
both target- and distractor-associated responses (although
different) increased as the probability that the stimulus
inside the response field would serve as a saccadic target
increased.},
Key = {fds267864}
}
@article{fds114673,
Title = {Platt, M.L, E.M. Brannon, T.L. Briese and J.A. French.
Differences in feeding ecology predict differences in
performance between golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus
rosalia) and Wied's marmosets (Callithrix kuhli) on spatial
and visual memory tasks. Anim. Learn. Behav. 1996 24:
384-393.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds114673}
}
@article{fds267863,
Author = {ML Platt and PW Glimcher},
Title = {Neurons in Area LIP differentially encode saccadic targets
and visual distractors},
Journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science},
Volume = {37},
Number = {3},
Pages = {S485},
Year = {1996},
ISSN = {0146-0404},
Abstract = {Purpose. We attempted to determine how effectively neurons
in Area LIP separate signals related to saccadic targets
from signals related to visual distractors. To accomplish
this, distractor utility was manipulated by making either
fixation offset or distractor offset a movement initiation
cue. Methods. Single neurons in Area LIP were studied in two
head-fixed, awake-behaving rhesus monkeys using standard
physiological techniques. First, the response field of each
unit was measured at a 2° resolution using a delayed
saccade task. Next, unit responses were recorded while
animals performed a selection task. Subjects initially
fixated a central yellow LED for 200-800 msec. Two eccentric
yellow LEDs were then co-illuminated for 200-800 msec, one
above and one below the horizontal meridian. The fixation
LED then changed color to either red or green. Red indicated
that the monkey would be rewarded for aligning gaze with the
upper LED (±6°) after the offset of the fixation LED
200-800 msec later; similarly, green specified the lower LED
as the saccadic goal. For each unit, one of the two
potential targets was fixed outside the response field of
the unit while the location of the other potential target
was varied randomly, at a 2° resolution, throughout the
visual field. Selection-related response fields were then
constructed from the data for each unit by plotting firing
rate as a function of the horizontal and vertical amplitude
of the movement and as a function of the horizontal and
vertical position of the visual distractor. A selectivity
ratio was calculated as the peak firing rate for targets
divided by the peak firing rate for distracrors. Unit
responses were also recorded while subjects performed a
distributed selection task. This task was identical to the
selection task except that the offset of the visual
distractor provided the cue to initiate a saccade at short
latency. The effects of distractor utility on unit responses
to targets and distractors were assessed by comparing
selectivity ratios for each unit across the two
tasks.Results. Most units were well-tuned spatially (<5°
half-width). On the selection task, most units were
selective for saccadic targets over irrelevant visual
distractors (selectivity ratio >1) throughout the
specification and pre-movement intervals. On average, LIP
units responded about twice as well for saccadic targets as
they did for irrelevant visual distractors after the
specification cue. On the distributed selection task,
distractor utility significantly modulated target/distractor
selectivity for some units. In this condition, some units
increased their selectivity for saccadic targets in the
presence of a utile visual distractor, whereas others showed
decreased selectivity. Most units were equally selective on
both tasks.},
Key = {fds267863}
}
@article{fds267928,
Author = {ML Platt and EM Brannon and TL Briese and JA French},
Title = {Differences in feeding ecology predict differences in
performance between golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus
rosalia) and Wied's marmosets (Callithrix kuhli) on spatial
and visual memory tasks},
Journal = {Animal Learning & Behavior},
Volume = {24},
Number = {4},
Pages = {384-393},
Year = {1996},
ISSN = {0090-4996},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03199010},
Abstract = {Golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia) and Wied's
marmosets (Callithrix kuhli) exhibited adaptive differences
in performance on several distinct memory tasks. On both an
open-field analogue of a radial arm maze and a spatial
delayed matching-to-sample task, the marmosets performed
better than the tamarins after short (5-min) retention
intervals, but only the tamarins continued to perform above
chance after long (24- or 48-h) retention intervals. The
marmosets also required less training than the tamarins did
to learn a color memory task, but again only the tamarins
performed above chance when the retention interval was
increased to 24 h. The results of these experiments are
consistent with predictions based on knowledge of the
feeding ecology of these species in the wild and raise the
possibility that they possess different visuospatial memory
abilities specialized for tracking the spatial and temporal
distribution of their principal foods. © 1996 Psychonomic
Society, Inc.},
Doi = {10.3758/BF03199010},
Key = {fds267928}
}
@article{fds267854,
Author = {J ANDERSON and M PLATT and T GUARNIERI and T FOX and M MASER and E
PRITCHETT, G KAY and V PLUMB and A EPSTEIN and R BUBIEN and A BHANDARI and C LEON and A BRINKLEY and B ROSIN and E MCCABE and S DATORRE and R DEBORDE and C HAFFAJEE and K RUFINO and C DEGON and C WEBB and K BIELINSKI and D
DUNBAR, M HEDGES and K FJELDOOSPERBECK and J GOMES and S WINTERS and E
PE, J FOSTER and A WOELFEL and L CULLINANE and E MCCARTHY and L
CHRISTIE, K CARLSON and B ALPERT and C FECIK and F MORENO and L JOHNSON and K SUMMERS and K ELLENBOGEN and M MARTIN and W HART and N FRIEDMAN and S
NEUMANN, J LAIDLAW and L STOLLINGS and M CULLEN and P DONAHUE and M
HAHN, R HAWKINSON and A HOUGHAM and S PARRISH and I PORIETIS and J
SELLERS, K WAGENKNECHT and R WILSON},
Title = {FLECAINIDE ACETATE FAR PAROXYSMAL SUPRAVENTRICULAR
TACHYARRHYTHMIAS},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY},
Volume = {74},
Number = {6},
Pages = {578-584},
Year = {1994},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0002-9149},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1994PF09400009&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1016/0002-9149(94)90747-1},
Key = {fds267854}
}
@article{fds267952,
Author = {JL Anderson and ML Platt and T Guarnieri and TL Fox and MJ Maser and EL
Pritchett},
Title = {Flecainide acetate for paroxysmal supraventricular
tachyarrhythmias. The Flecainide Supraventricular
Tachycardia Study Group.},
Journal = {Am J Cardiol},
Volume = {74},
Number = {6},
Pages = {578-584},
Year = {1994},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0002-9149},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8074041},
Keywords = {Adult Aged Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) Female
Flecainide Humans Male Middle Aged Tachycardia, Paroxysmal
Tachycardia, Supraventricular Time Factors Treatment Outcome
adverse effects blood drug therapy* therapeutic
use*},
Abstract = {Flecainide has been shown to be effective in short-term,
controlled studies for prevention of paroxysmal
supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and paroxysmal atrial
fibrillation (AF). However, it is unknown whether this
beneficial response is maintained during long-term chronic
therapy. Forty-nine patients were studied who enrolled in
double-blind, placebo-controlled, short-term studies of
safety and efficacy and subsequently received long-term,
open-label therapy for > or = 6 months (mean duration of
therapy, 17 months). To evaluate chronic efficacy, events
during long-term therapy were documented by a
transtelephonic monitor for either 4 or 8 weeks, comparable
to the corresponding 4- or 8-week placebo-baseline periods
in the same patients. Results during chronic therapy were
compared with those at baseline and after the initial
(short-term) treatment period. Compared with
placebo-baseline results, the number of patients free of
arrhythmic attacks increased significantly for both patients
with SVT (from 24% to 82%, p = 0.013, n = 17) and patients
with AF (from 12% to 68%, p < 0.001, n = 25). Mean time to
first attack and mean number of days between attacks also
showed significant and parallel increases during the chronic
efficacy period. In patients with paired short- and
long-term efficacy evaluations with the same dose of
flecainide, end points were maintained at equivalent levels
or showed further improvement (i.e., mean rate of AF attacks
decreased further with chronic therapy, p = 0.036). No
proarrhythmic events, death, or myocardial infarction
occurred.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)},
Key = {fds267952}
}
@article{fds267956,
Author = {HU Braedel and J Steffens and M Ziegler and MS Polsky and ML
Platt},
Title = {A possible ontogenic etiology for idiopathic left
varicocele.},
Journal = {J Urol},
Volume = {151},
Number = {1},
Pages = {62-66},
Year = {1994},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0022-5347},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8254834},
Keywords = {Adolescent Adult Aged Child Humans Male Middle Aged
Phlebography Renal Veins Testis Varicocele Veins
abnormalities blood supply embryology etiology* pathology
radiography},
Abstract = {A total of 659 consecutive patients underwent venography for
the evaluation of idiopathic left varicocele before
sclerotherapy. In 484 cases no valves of the left spermatic
vein could be demonstrated, while 172 patients demonstrated
competent valves or absent insertions of the left spermatic
vein at the typical point on the left renal vein plus
retrograde flow over persistent intercardinal anastomoses.
Stenosis of the renal vein occurred in 103 patients (15.7%).
In only 3 patients was stenosis observed in the course of
the left iliac vein, suggestive of the so-called distal
nutcracker phenomenon. We propose that during embryogenesis
disturbances in the development of the secondary venous
system may result in the idiopathic left
varicocele.},
Key = {fds267956}
}
@article{fds267948,
Author = {EL Pritchett and SD DaTorre and ML Platt and SE McCarville and AJ
Hougham},
Title = {Flecainide acetate treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular
tachycardia and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation:
dose-response studies. The Flecainide Supraventricular
Tachycardia Study Group.},
Journal = {J Am Coll Cardiol},
Volume = {17},
Number = {2},
Pages = {297-303},
Year = {1991},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0735-1097},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1899432},
Keywords = {Adult Atrial Fibrillation Atrial Flutter Dose-Response
Relationship, Drug Double-Blind Method Female Flecainide
Humans Male Middle Aged Tachycardia, Paroxysmal Tachycardia,
Supraventricular administration & dosage* adverse effects
drug therapy* therapeutic use},
Abstract = {The dose-response relations for efficacy and tolerance of
the antiarrhythmic drug flecainide acetate were studied in
28 patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
(Group 1) and 45 patients with paroxysmal atrial
fibrillation or flutter (Group 2). Recurrent symptomatic
tachycardia was documented with use of transtelephonic
electrocardiographic recording. Patients received flecainide
in doses of 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg twice daily and placebo
for 1 month treatment periods. Among 14 patients in Group 1
who qualified for efficacy analysis, 4 (29%) had no
tachycardia while taking placebo. The number with no
tachycardia increased with progressively larger flecainide
doses; with the 150 mg twice daily dose, 12 (86%) of 14
patients had no tachycardia (p less than 0.01 for overall
differences among all treatments). Among 28 patients in
Group 2, 2 (7%) had no tachycardia while taking placebo. The
number with no tachycardia also increased with progressively
larger flecainide doses; with the 150 mg twice daily dose,
17 (61%) of 28 patients had no tachycardia (p less than 0.01
for overall differences among all treatments). Noncardiac
adverse experiences were the leading cause of premature
study discontinuation during flecainide treatment periods
(five patients in Group 1 and six patients in Group
2).},
Key = {fds267948}
}
@article{fds267958,
Author = {ML Platt and VJ Kiesling and JA Vaccaro},
Title = {Eosinophilic ureteritis associated with eosinophilic
cholangitis: a case report.},
Journal = {J Urol},
Volume = {144},
Number = {1},
Pages = {127-129},
Year = {1990},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0022-5347},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2359159},
Keywords = {Bile Ducts Cholangitis Eosinophilia Female Humans
Inflammation Middle Aged Ureteral Diseases Urinary Bladder
complications* pathology},
Abstract = {Eosinophilic infiltrate of the urinary tract is rare. We
report on a patient with eosinophilic cholangitis who later
had eosinophilic ureteritis. This case emphasizes the
potential serious nature of eosinophilic ureteritis, which
often presents with complete ureteral obstruction. The
literature pertaining to eosinophilic ureteritis and
eosinophilic biliary disease is reviewed.},
Key = {fds267958}
}
@article{fds267947,
Author = {J Morganroth and CM Pratt and HL Kennedy and SN Singh and ML Platt and BJ
Baker and DT Mason},
Title = {Efficacy and tolerance of Ethmozine (moricizine HCl) in
placebo-controlled trials.},
Journal = {Am J Cardiol},
Volume = {60},
Number = {11},
Pages = {48F-51F},
Year = {1987},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0002-9149},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3310585},
Keywords = {Anti-Arrhythmia Agents Arrhythmia Clinical Trials Drug
Administration Schedule Humans Moricizine Phenothiazines
Placebos administration & dosage drug therapy* therapeutic
use*},
Abstract = {To investigate the tolerance and efficacy of moricizine HCl,
single-blind placebo-controlled trials were conducted. The
early protocols involved patients hospitalized for 14 days,
and daily Holter monitoring was used to document efficacy
and the degree of spontaneous variability of ventricular
premature complexes (VPCs). Moricizine HCl was given orally
from 2.9 to 15.3 mg/kg 3 times daily. Patients with lethal
ventricular arrhythmias were excluded. Additional outpatient
trials were conducted to define long-term efficacy and
safety. A dose-response relation between moricizine HCl and
the percentage of reduction in frequency of benign or
potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias was documented.
Eighty-five percent of patients achieved a reduction in VPCs
greater than 75% with daily dosages ranging from 10.1 to 15
mg/kg. This corresponded to a 95% decrease in mean frequency
of VPCs. Long-term studies demonstrated no evidence of
compromise in left ventricular function, and the
proarrhythmic rate was only 2%. Symptomatic side effects
were mild and usually well tolerated. Nausea, the most
common, occurred in 11% of patients and dizziness in 9%.
These results indicate that moricizine HCl is an effective
and well-tolerated antiarrhythmic agent.},
Key = {fds267947}
}
@article{fds267953,
Author = {ML Platt and WD Belville and C Stones and TR Oberhofer},
Title = {Rapid bacteriuria screening in a urological setting:
clinical use.},
Journal = {J Urol},
Volume = {136},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1044-1046},
Year = {1986},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0022-5347},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3773063},
Keywords = {Bacteriuria Colorimetry Humans Urology diagnosis*
instrumentation*},
Abstract = {The clinical use of a commercially available semiautomated
bacteriuria screening device was evaluated in a urological
setting. The 1,300 consecutive urine specimens processed by
the device were contrasted with results of standard
semiquantitative culture. A small number (2 per cent) were
screened unsuccessfully owing to a clogged filter. With
greater than 10(5) colony-forming units per ml. the
sensitivity of the device was 91 per cent but it was only 81
per cent with bacteriuria levels greater than 10(4)
colony-forming units per ml. More importantly, the
predictive value of a negative test was 99 per cent with
more than 10(5) colony-forming units per ml. and 96 per cent
with more than 10(4) colony-forming units per ml. This
capability promotes safe urological instrumentation and
timely patient care.},
Key = {fds267953}
}
@article{fds267939,
Author = {ML PLATT and SS ROWELL and KD WOOLAS},
Title = {Clinical experience with 'Selvigon', a new
antitussive.},
Journal = {Br J Clin Pract},
Volume = {14},
Pages = {991-993},
Year = {1960},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0007-0947},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13736282},
Keywords = {COUGH/therapy* THIOPHENYLPYRIDYLAMINES/therapy*},
Key = {fds267939}
}
@article{fds267942,
Author = {ML PLATT},
Title = {Treatment of dyspepsia with a combination of trifluoperazine
and isopropamide iodide.},
Journal = {Br J Clin Pract},
Volume = {14},
Pages = {457-460},
Year = {1960},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0007-0947},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14433433},
Keywords = {GASTROENTEROLOGY/therapy* PARASYMPATHOLYTICS/therapy*
TRANQUILIZING AGENTS/therapy*},
Key = {fds267942}
}
%% Pontzer, Herman
@article{fds375873,
Author = {Sercel, AJ and Sturm, G and Gallagher, D and St-Onge, M-P and Kempes,
CP and Pontzer, H and Hirano, M and Picard, M},
Title = {Hypermetabolism and energetic constraints in mitochondrial
disorders.},
Journal = {Nature metabolism},
Volume = {6},
Number = {2},
Pages = {192-195},
Year = {2024},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42255-023-00968-8},
Doi = {10.1038/s42255-023-00968-8},
Key = {fds375873}
}
@article{fds376281,
Author = {McGrosky, A and Swanson, ZS and Rimbach, R and Bethancourt, H and Ndiema, E and Nzunza, R and Braun, DR and Rosinger, AY and Pontzer,
H},
Title = {Total daily energy expenditure and elevated water turnover
in a small-scale semi-nomadic pastoralist society from
Northern Kenya.},
Journal = {Annals of human biology},
Volume = {51},
Number = {1},
Pages = {2310724},
Year = {2024},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2024.2310724},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Pastoralists live in challenging
environments, which may be accompanied by unique activity,
energy, and water requirements.<h4>Aim</h4>Few studies have
examined whether the demands of pastoralism contribute to
differences in total energy expenditure (TEE) and water
turnover (WT) compared to other lifestyles.<h4>Subjects and
methods</h4>Accelerometer-derived physical activity, doubly
labelled water-derived TEE and WT, and anthropometric data
were collected for 34 semi-nomadic Daasanach adults from
three northern Kenyan communities with different levels of
pastoralist activity. Daasanach TEEs and WTs were compared
to those of other small-scale and industrialised
populations.<h4>Results</h4>When modelled as a function of
fat-free-mass, fat-mass, age, and sex, TEE did not differ
between Daasanach communities. Daasanach TEE
(1564-4172 kcal/day) was not significantly correlated with
activity and 91% of TEEs were within the range expected for
individuals from comparison populations. Mean WT did not
differ between Daasanach communities; Daasanach absolute
(7.54 litres/day men; 7.46 litres/day women), mass-adjusted,
and TEE-adjusted WT was higher than most populations
worldwide.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The similar mass-adjusted TEE
of Daasanach and industrialised populations supports the
hypothesis that habitual TEE is constrained, with physically
demanding lifestyles necessitating trade-offs in energy
allocation. Elevated WT in the absence of elevated TEE
likely reflects a demanding active lifestyle in a hot, arid
climate.},
Doi = {10.1080/03014460.2024.2310724},
Key = {fds376281}
}
@article{fds373335,
Author = {Rimbach, R and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Increased physical activity is not related to markers of
cardiometabolic health in two lemur species.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {86},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e23564},
Year = {2024},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.23564},
Abstract = {Insufficient physical activity is a major risk factor for
cardiometabolic disease (i.e., unhealthy weight gain, heart
disease, and diabetes) in humans and may also negatively
affect health of primates in human care. Effects of physical
activity on energy expenditure and cardiometabolic health
are virtually unstudied in nonhuman primates. We
investigated physical activity and metabolic markers in 15
adult ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) and 11 Coquerel's
sifakas (Propithecus coquereli) at the Duke Lemur Center
during a period of low activity in winter when the animals
were housed in buildings (with outdoor access) and a period
of high activity when individuals were free-ranging in
large, outdoor, forested enclosures. We compared body mass,
blood glucose, triglycerides, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol,
physical activity via accelerometry, and total energy
expenditure (TEE) via the doubly labeled water method (in
ring-tailed lemurs only) between both conditions. Both
species were more active and had a lower body mass in
summer. Ring-tailed lemurs had a higher TEE and lower
triglyceride levels in summer, whereas sifaka had higher
triglyceride levels in summer. Individuals that increased
their activity more, also lost more body mass. Individuals
that lost more body mass, also had a positive change in
HDL-cholesterol (i.e., higher values in summer). Changes in
activity were not associated with changes in markers of
metabolic health, body fat percentage and TEE (both
unadjusted and adjusted for body composition). Older age was
associated with lower activity in both species, and
decreased glucose in ring-tailed lemurs, but was otherwise
unrelated to metabolic markers and, for ring-tailed lemurs,
adjusted TEE. Overall, body mass was lower during summer but
the increase in physical activity did not strongly influence
metabolic health or TEE in these populations.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.23564},
Key = {fds373335}
}
@article{fds374541,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {Correction: 'A unified theory for the energy cost of legged
locomotion' (2016), by Pontzer.},
Journal = {Biology letters},
Volume = {19},
Number = {12},
Pages = {20230492},
Year = {2023},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2023.0492},
Doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2023.0492},
Key = {fds374541}
}
@article{fds371433,
Author = {Trumble, BC and Pontzer, H and Stieglitz, J and Cummings, DK and Wood,
B and Emery Thompson and M and Raichlen, D and Beheim, B and Yetish, G and Kaplan, H and Gurven, M},
Title = {Energetic costs of testosterone in two subsistence
populations.},
Journal = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of
the Human Biology Council},
Volume = {35},
Number = {11},
Pages = {e23949},
Year = {2023},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23949},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>Testosterone plays a role in mediating
energetic trade-offs between growth, maintenance, and
reproduction. Investments in a high testosterone phenotype
trade-off against other functions, particularly
survival-enhancing immune function and cellular repair; thus
only individuals in good condition can maintain both a high
testosterone phenotype and somatic maintenance. While these
effects are observed in experimental manipulations, they are
difficult to demonstrate in free-living animals,
particularly in humans. We hypothesize that individuals with
higher testosterone will have higher energetic expenditures
than those with lower testosterone.<h4>Methods</h4>Total
energetic expenditure (TEE) was quantified using doubly
labeled water in n = 40 Tsimane forager-horticulturalists
(50% male, 18-87 years) and n = 11 Hadza
hunter-gatherers (100% male, 18-65 years), two populations
living subsistence lifestyles, high levels of physical
activity, and high infectious burden. Urinary testosterone,
TEE, body composition, and physical activity were measured
to assess potential physical and behavioral costs associated
with a high testosterone phenotype.<h4>Results</h4>Endogenous
male testosterone was significantly associated with
energetic expenditure, controlling for fat free mass; a one
standard deviation increase in testosterone is associated
with the expenditure of an additional 96-240 calories per
day.<h4>Discussion</h4>These results suggest that a high
testosterone phenotype, while beneficial for male
reproduction, is also energetically expensive and likely
only possible to maintain in healthy males in robust
condition.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajhb.23949},
Key = {fds371433}
}
@article{fds372440,
Author = {Dolan, E and Koehler, K and Areta, J and Longman, DP and Pontzer,
H},
Title = {Energy constraint and compensation: Insights from endurance
athletes.},
Journal = {Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular &
integrative physiology},
Volume = {285},
Pages = {111500},
Year = {2023},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111500},
Abstract = {The Constrained Model of Total Energy Expenditure predicts
that increased physical activity may not influence total
energy expenditure, but instead, induces compensatory
energetic savings in other processes. Much remains unknown,
however, about concepts of energy expenditure, constraint
and compensation in different populations, and it is unclear
whether this model applies to endurance athletes, who expend
very large amounts of energy during training and
competition. Furthermore, it is well-established that some
endurance athletes consciously or unconsciously fail to meet
their energy requirements via adequate food intake, thus
exacerbating the extent of energetic stress that they
experience. Within this review we A) Describe unique
characteristics of endurance athletes that render them a
useful model to investigate energy constraints and
compensations, B) Consider the factors that may combine to
constrain activity and total energy expenditure, and C)
Describe compensations that occur when activity energy
expenditure is high and unmet by adequate energy intake. Our
main conclusions are as follows: A) Higher activity levels,
as observed in endurance athletes, may indeed increase total
energy expenditure, albeit to a lesser degree than may be
predicted by an additive model, given that some compensation
is likely to occur; B) That while a range of factors may
combine to constrain sustained high activity levels, the
ability to ingest, digest, absorb and deliver sufficient
calories from food to the working muscle is likely the
primary determinant in most situations and C) That energetic
compensation that occurs in the face of high activity
expenditure may be primarily driven by low energy
availability i.e., the amount of energy available for all
biological processes after the demands of exercise have been
met, and not by activity expenditure per
se.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111500},
Key = {fds372440}
}
@article{fds372769,
Author = {Sayre, MK and Anyawire, M and Paolo, B and Mabulla, AZP and Pontzer, H and Wood, BM and Raichlen, DA},
Title = {Lifestyle and patterns of physical activity in Hadza
foragers.},
Journal = {American journal of biological anthropology},
Volume = {182},
Number = {3},
Pages = {340-356},
Year = {2023},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24846},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Physically active lifestyles are
associated with several health benefits. Physical activity
(PA) levels are low in post-industrial populations, but
generally high throughout life in subsistence populations.
The Hadza are a subsistence-oriented foraging population in
Tanzania known for being physically active, but it is
unknown how recent increases in market integration may have
altered their PA patterns. In this study, we examine PA
patterns for Hadza women and men who engage in different
amounts of traditional foraging.<h4>Materials and
methods</h4>One hundred and seventy seven Hadza participants
(51% female, 19-87 years) wore an Axivity accelerometer
(dominant wrist) for ~6 days during dry season months. We
evaluated the effects of age, sex, and lifestyle measures on
four PA measures that capture different aspects of the PA
profile.<h4>Results</h4>Participants engaged in high levels
of both moderate-intensity PA and inactivity. Although PA
levels were negatively associated with age, older
participants were still highly active. We found no
differences in PA between participants living in more
traditional "bush" camps and those living in more settled
"village" camps. Mobility was positively associated with
step counts for female participants, and schooling was
positively associated with inactive time for male
participants.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The similarity in PA
patterns between Hadza participants in different camp types
suggests that high PA levels characterize subsistence
lifestyles generally. The sex-based difference in the
effects of mobility and schooling on PA could be a
reflection of the Hadza's gender-based division of labor, or
indicate that changes to subsistence-oriented lifestyles
impact women and men in different ways.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.24846},
Key = {fds372769}
}
@article{fds372770,
Author = {Best, AW and McGrosky, A and Swanson, Z and Rimbach, R and McConaughy,
K and McConaughy, J and Ocobock, C and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Total Energy Expenditure and Nutritional Intake in
Continuous Multiday Ultramarathon Events.},
Journal = {International journal of sport nutrition and exercise
metabolism},
Volume = {33},
Number = {6},
Pages = {342-348},
Year = {2023},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0063},
Abstract = {Continuous multiday ultramarathon competitions are
increasingly popular and impose extreme energetic and
nutritional demands on competitors. However, few data have
been published on energy expenditure during these events.
Here, we report doubly labeled water-derived measures of
total energy expenditure (in kilocalories per day) and
estimated physical activity level (PAL: total energy
expenditure/basal metabolic rate) collected from five elite
and subelite finishers (four males and one female, age 34.6
± 4.9 years)-and nutritional intake data from the
winner-of the Cocodona 250, a ∼402-km race in Arizona, and
from a fastest-known-time record (one male, age 30 years)
on the ∼1,315-km Arizona Trail. PAL during these events
exceeded four times basal metabolic rate (Cocodona range:
4.34-6.94; Arizona Trail: 5.63). Combining the results with
other doubly labeled water-derived total energy expenditure
data from ultraendurance events show a strong inverse
relationship between event duration and PAL (r2 = .68, p <
.0001). Cocodona race duration was inversely, though not
significantly, associated with PAL (r2 = .70, p = .08).
Water turnover varied widely between athletes and was not
explained by PAL or body mass. The Cocodona race winner met
∼53% of energy demand via dietary intake, 85.6% of which
was carbohydrate, while ∼47% of energy demand was met via
catabolism of body energy stores. Together, these results
illustrate the energetic deficits incurred during
competitive continuous multiday ultramarathon efforts and
implicate macronutrient absorption and/or storage as key
factors in ultramarathon performance.},
Doi = {10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0063},
Key = {fds372770}
}
@article{fds372663,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {The provisioned primate: patterns of obesity across lemurs,
monkeys, apes and humans.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {378},
Number = {1888},
Pages = {20220218},
Year = {2023},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2022.0218},
Abstract = {Non-human primates are potentially informative but
underutilized species for investigating obesity. I examined
patterns of obesity across the Primate order, calculating
the ratio of body mass in captivity to that in the wild.
This index, relative body mass, for <i>n</i> = 40 non-human
primates (mean ± s.d.: females: 1.28 ± 0.30, range
0.67-1.78, males: 1.24 ± 0.28, range 0.70-1.97) overlapped
with a reference value for humans (women: 1.52, men: 1.44).
Among non-human primates, relative body mass was unrelated
to dietary niche, and was marginally greater among female
cohorts of terrestrial species. Males and females had
similar relative body masses, but species with greater
sexual size dimorphism (male/female mass) in wild
populations had comparatively larger female body mass in
captivity. Provisioned populations in wild and free-ranging
settings had similar relative body mass to those in research
facilities and zoos. Compared to the wild, captive diets are
unlikely to be low in protein or fat, or high in
carbohydrate, suggesting these macronutrients are not
driving overeating in captive populations. Several primate
species, including chimpanzees, a sister-species to humans,
had relative body masses similar to humans. Humans are not
unique in the propensity to overweight and obesity. This
article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Causes of
obesity: theories, conjectures and evidence (Part
II)'.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2022.0218},
Key = {fds372663}
}
@article{fds372255,
Author = {Speakman, JR and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Quantifying physical activity energy expenditure based on
doubly labelled water and basal metabolism calorimetry: what
are we actually measuring?},
Journal = {Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic
care},
Volume = {26},
Number = {5},
Pages = {401-408},
Year = {2023},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mco.0000000000000937},
Abstract = {<h4>Purpose of review</h4>Physical activity impacts energy
balance because of its contribution to total energy
expenditure. Measuring physical activity energy expenditure
(PAEE) is often performed by subtracting the estimated
24 h expenditure on basal metabolism (called basal energy
expenditure or BEE) from the total energy expenditure (TEE)
measured by doubly labelled water minus an estimate of the
thermic effect of food (TEF). Alternatively it can be
measured as the ratio of TEE/BEE, which is commonly called
the physical activity level (PAL).<h4>Recent
findings</h4>PAEE and PAL are widely used in the literature
but their shortcomings are seldom addressed. In this review,
we outline some of the issues with their
use.<h4>Summary</h4>TEE and BEE are both measured with
error. The estimate of PAEE by difference magnifies these
errors and consequently the precision of estimated PAEE is
about 3× worse than TEE and 25-35× worse than BEE. A
second problem is that the component called PAEE is actually
any component of TEE that is not BEE. We highlight how the
diurnal variation of BEE, thermoregulatory expenditure and
elevations of RMR because of stress will all be part of what
is called PAEE and will contribute to a disconnect between
what is measured and what energy expenditure is a
consequence of physical activity. We emphasize caution
should be exerted when interpreting these measurements of
PAEE and PAL.},
Doi = {10.1097/mco.0000000000000937},
Key = {fds372255}
}
@article{fds373008,
Author = {Lea, AJ and Clark, AG and Dahl, AW and Devinsky, O and Garcia, AR and Golden, CD and Kamau, J and Kraft, TS and Lim, YAL and Martins, DJ and Mogoi, D and Pajukanta, P and Perry, GH and Pontzer, H and Trumble, BC and Urlacher, SS and Venkataraman, VV and Wallace, IJ and Gurven, M and Lieberman, DE and Ayroles, JF},
Title = {Applying an evolutionary mismatch framework to understand
disease susceptibility.},
Journal = {PLoS biology},
Volume = {21},
Number = {9},
Pages = {e3002311},
Year = {2023},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002311},
Abstract = {Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are on the rise worldwide.
Obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes are
among a long list of "lifestyle" diseases that were rare
throughout human history but are now common. The
evolutionary mismatch hypothesis posits that humans evolved
in environments that radically differ from those we
currently experience; consequently, traits that were once
advantageous may now be "mismatched" and disease causing. At
the genetic level, this hypothesis predicts that loci with a
history of selection will exhibit "genotype by environment"
(GxE) interactions, with different health effects in
"ancestral" versus "modern" environments. To identify such
loci, we advocate for combining genomic tools in partnership
with subsistence-level groups experiencing rapid lifestyle
change. In these populations, comparisons of individuals
falling on opposite extremes of the "matched" to
"mismatched" spectrum are uniquely possible. More broadly,
the work we propose will inform our understanding of
environmental and genetic risk factors for NCDs across
diverse ancestries and cultures.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.3002311},
Key = {fds373008}
}
@article{fds368054,
Author = {Swanson, ZS and Nzunza, R and Bethancourt, HJ and Saunders, J and Mutindwa, F and Ndiema, E and Braun, DR and Rosinger, AY and Pontzer,
H},
Title = {Early childhood growth in Daasanach pastoralists of Northern
Kenya: Distinct patterns of faltering in linear growth and
weight gain.},
Journal = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of
the Human Biology Council},
Volume = {35},
Number = {4},
Pages = {e23842},
Year = {2023},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23842},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Investigations of early childhood growth
among small-scale populations are essential for
understanding human life history variation and enhancing the
ability to serve such communities through global public
health initiatives. This study characterizes early childhood
growth trajectories and identifies differences in growth
patterns relative to international references among
Daasanach semi-nomadic pastoralist children living in a hot,
arid region of northern Kenya.<h4>Methods</h4>A large sample
of height and weight measures were collected from children
(N = 1756; total observations = 4508;
age = 0-5 years) between 2018 and 2020. Daasanach growth
was compared to international reference standards and
Daasanach-specific centile growth curves and pseudo-velocity
models were generated using generalized additive models for
location scale and size.<h4>Results</h4>Compared to World
Health Organization (WHO) reference, relatively few
Daasanach children were stunted (14.3%), while a large
proportion were underweight (38.5%) and wasted (53.6%).
Additionally, Daasanach children had a distinctive pattern
of growth, marked by an increase in linear growth velocity
after 24 months of age and relatively high linear growth
velocity throughout the rest of early childhood.<h4>Conclusions</h4>These
results identify a unique pattern of early childhood growth
faltering among children in a small-scale population and may
reflect a thermoregulatory adaptation to their hot, arid
environment. As linear growth and weight gain remain
important indicators of health, the results of this study
provide insight into growth velocity variations. This study
has important implications for global public health efforts
to identify and address sources of early growth faltering
and undernutrition in small-scale populations.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajhb.23842},
Key = {fds368054}
}
@article{fds374096,
Author = {Speakman, JR and de Jong, JMA and Sinha, S and Westerterp, KR and Yamada, Y and Sagayama, H and Ainslie, PN and Anderson, LJ and Arab, L and Bedu-Addo, K and Blanc, S and Bonomi, AG and Bovet, P and Brage, S and Buchowski, MS and Butte, NF and Camps, SGJA and Cooper, JA and Cooper,
R and Das, SK and Davies, PSW and Dugas, LR and Ekelund, U and Entringer,
S and Forrester, T and Fudge, BW and Gillingham, M and Ghosh, S and Goris,
AH and Gurven, M and Halsey, LG and Hambly, C and Haisma, HH and Hoffman,
D and Hu, S and Joosen, AM and Kaplan, JL and Katzmarzyk, P and Kraus, WE and Kushner, RF and Leonard, WR and Löf, M and Martin, CK and Matsiko, E and Medin, AC and Meijer, EP and Neuhouser, ML and Nicklas, TA and Ojiambo,
RM and Pietiläinen, KH and Plange-Rhule, J and Plasqui, G and Prentice,
RL and Racette, SB and Raichlen, DA and Ravussin, E and Redman, LM and Roberts, SB and Rudolph, MC and Sardinha, LB and Schuit, AJ and Silva,
AM and Stice, E and Urlacher, SS and Valenti, G and Van Etten and LM and Van
Mil, EA and Wood, BM and Yanovski, JA and Yoshida, T and Zhang, X and Murphy-Alford, AJ and Loechl, CU and Kurpad, A and Luke, AH and Pontzer,
H and Rodeheffer, MS and Rood, J and Schoeller, DA and Wong,
WW},
Title = {Total daily energy expenditure has declined over the past
three decades due to declining basal expenditure, not
reduced activity expenditure.},
Journal = {Nat Metab},
Volume = {5},
Number = {4},
Pages = {579-588},
Year = {2023},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42255-023-00782-2},
Abstract = {Obesity is caused by a prolonged positive energy balance1,2.
Whether reduced energy expenditure stemming from reduced
activity levels contributes is debated3,4. Here we show that
in both sexes, total energy expenditure (TEE) adjusted for
body composition and age declined since the late 1980s,
while adjusted activity energy expenditure increased over
time. We use the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly
Labelled Water database on energy expenditure of adults in
the United States and Europe (n = 4,799) to explore
patterns in total (TEE: n = 4,799), basal (BEE:
n = 1,432) and physical activity energy expenditure
(n = 1,432) over time. In males, adjusted BEE decreased
significantly, but in females this did not reach
significance. A larger dataset of basal metabolic rate
(equivalent to BEE) measurements of 9,912 adults across 163
studies spanning 100 years replicates the decline in BEE
in both sexes. We conclude that increasing obesity in the
United States/Europe has probably not been fuelled by
reduced physical activity leading to lowered TEE. We
identify here a decline in adjusted BEE as a previously
unrecognized factor.},
Doi = {10.1038/s42255-023-00782-2},
Key = {fds374096}
}
@article{fds369976,
Author = {McGrosky, A and Pontzer, H},
Title = {The fire of evolution: energy expenditure and ecology in
primates and other endotherms.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Volume = {226},
Number = {5},
Pages = {jeb245272},
Year = {2023},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.245272},
Abstract = {Total energy expenditure (TEE) represents the total energy
allocated to growth, reproduction and body maintenance, as
well as the energy expended on physical activity. Early
experimental work in animal energetics focused on the costs
of specific tasks (basal metabolic rate, locomotion,
reproduction), while determination of TEE was limited to
estimates from activity budgets or measurements of subjects
confined to metabolic chambers. Advances in recent decades
have enabled measures of TEE in free-living animals,
challenging traditional additive approaches to understanding
animal energy budgets. Variation in lifestyle and activity
level can impact individuals' TEE on short time scales, but
interspecific differences in TEE are largely shaped by
evolution. Here, we review work on energy expenditure across
the animal kingdom, with a particular focus on endotherms,
and examine recent advances in primate energetics. Relative
to other placental mammals, primates have low TEE, which may
drive their slow pace of life and be an evolved response to
the challenges presented by their ecologies and
environments. TEE variation among hominoid primates appears
to reflect adaptive shifts in energy throughput and
allocation in response to ecological pressures. As the
taxonomic breadth and depth of TEE data expand, we will be
able to test additional hypotheses about how energy budgets
are shaped by environmental pressures and explore the more
proximal mechanisms that drive intra-specific variation in
energy expenditure.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.245272},
Key = {fds369976}
}
@article{fds368299,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {Exercise is essential for health but a poor tool for weight
loss: a reply to Allison and colleagues.},
Journal = {International journal of obesity (2005)},
Volume = {47},
Number = {2},
Pages = {98-99},
Year = {2023},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41366-022-01248-3},
Doi = {10.1038/s41366-022-01248-3},
Key = {fds368299}
}
@article{fds369846,
Author = {Sadhir, S and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Impact of energy availability and physical activity on
variation in fertility across human populations.},
Journal = {Journal of physiological anthropology},
Volume = {42},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1},
Year = {2023},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40101-023-00318-3},
Abstract = {Human reproduction is energetically costly, even more so
than other primates. In this review, we consider how the
energy cost of physical activity impacts reproductive tasks.
Daily energy expenditure appears to be constrained, leading
to trade-offs between activity and reproduction expenditures
in physically active populations. High workloads can lead to
suppression of basal metabolic rate and low gestational
weight gain during pregnancy and longer interbirth
intervals. These responses lead to variation in fertility,
including age at first reproduction and interbirth interval.
The influence of energetics is evident even in
industrialized populations, where cultural and economic
factors predominate. With the decoupling of skills
acquisition from food procurement, extrasomatic resources
and investment in individual offspring becomes very costly.
The result is greater investment in fewer offspring. We
present a summary of age at first reproduction and
interbirth interval trends across a diverse, global sample
representing 44 countries and two natural fertility
populations. While economic factors impact fertility, women
in energy-rich, industrialized populations are capable of
greater reproductive output than women in energy-stressed
populations. Thus, energetic factors can be disentangled
from cultural and economic impacts on fertility. Future
research should focus on objective measurements of energy
intake, energy expenditure, and physical activity in a
broader sample of populations to elucidate the role of
energetics in shaping reproductive outcomes and
health.},
Doi = {10.1186/s40101-023-00318-3},
Key = {fds369846}
}
@article{fds367802,
Author = {Rimbach, R and Butler, G and Gupte, PR and Jäger, J and Parker, C and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Gray squirrels consume anthropogenic food waste most often
during winter.},
Journal = {Mammalian biology = Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde},
Volume = {103},
Number = {1},
Pages = {69-81},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00326-3},
Abstract = {Urban habitats provide wildlife with predictable, easily
accessible and abundant food sources in the form of human
food waste. Urban eastern gray squirrels (<i>Sciurus
carolinensis</i>) are commonly observed feeding in trash
bins, but we lack data regarding the type, quantity and
seasonal changes in food waste usage. We observed five trash
bins on an urban university campus during four different
observation periods. We recorded the time squirrels spent on
and inside trash bins and type of retrieved food items. We
also recorded ambient temperature, human presence and trash
bin filling. Moreover, we determined changes in squirrel
population density in a natural and three anthropogenic
habitats during the same periods. Trash bins were fuller
when human presence was higher. The higher human presence,
the more squirrels went on and inside the bin, but there was
no effect on number of retrieved food items. Trash bin usage
by squirrels decreased when ambient temperature and bin
filling increased. Most food items were retrieved during the
coldest observation period, a period of high human presence,
and the majority of retrieved food items were starchy foods
(e.g., bread, French fries). The relationship between the
number of squirrels observed along transects and a measure
of urbanization, the normalized difference built-up index,
was negative in periods with high ambient temperatures and
positive in periods with low ambient temperatures,
indicating winter may be less challenging in urban areas,
likely facilitated by the availability of anthropogenic food
sources, allowing a higher level of activity throughout
winter.<h4>Supplementary information</h4>The online version
contains supplementary material available at
10.1007/s42991-022-00326-3.},
Doi = {10.1007/s42991-022-00326-3},
Key = {fds367802}
}
@article{fds367920,
Author = {Ford, LB and Bethancourt, HJ and Swanson, ZS and Nzunza, R and Wutich,
A and Brewis, A and Young, S and Almeida, DM and Douglass, M and Ndiema,
EK and Braun, DR and Pontzer, H and Rosinger, AY},
Title = {Water insecurity, water borrowing and psychosocial stress
among Daasanach pastoralists in northern
Kenya},
Journal = {Water International},
Volume = {48},
Number = {1},
Pages = {63-86},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2022.2138050},
Abstract = {This article quantifies Daasanach water insecurity
experiences in northern Kenya, examines how water insecurity
is associated with water borrowing and psychosocial stress,
and evaluates if water borrowing mitigates the stress from
water insecurity. Of 133 households interviewed in seven
communities, 94.0% were water insecure and 74.4% borrowed
water three or more times in the prior month. Regression
analyses demonstrate water-borrowing frequency moderates the
relationship between water insecurity and psychosocial
stress. Only those who rarely or never borrowed water
reported greater stress with higher water insecurity. The
coping mechanism of water borrowing may help blunt water
insecurity-related stress.},
Doi = {10.1080/02508060.2022.2138050},
Key = {fds367920}
}
@article{fds373952,
Author = {Swanson, ZS and Bethancourt, H and Nzunza, R and Ndiema, E and Braun,
DR and Rosinger, AY and Pontzer, H},
Title = {The effects of lifestyle change on indicators of
cardiometabolic health in semi-nomadic pastoralists.},
Journal = {Evolution, medicine, and public health},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1},
Pages = {318-331},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoad030},
Abstract = {<h4>Background and objectives</h4>Non-communicable disease
risk and the epidemic of cardiometabolic diseases continue
to grow across the expanding industrialized world. Probing
the relationships between evolved human physiology and
modern socioecological conditions is central to
understanding this health crisis. Therefore, we investigated
the relationships between increased market access, shifting
subsistence patterns and cardiometabolic health indicators
within Daasanach semi-nomadic pastoralists who vary in their
engagement in traditional lifestyle and emerging market
behaviors.<h4>Methodology</h4>We conducted cross-sectional
socioecological, demographic and lifestyle stressor surveys
along with health, biomarker and nutrition examinations
among 225 (51.6% female) Daasanach adults in 2019-2020. We
used linear mixed-effects models to test how differing
levels of engagement in market integration and traditional
subsistence activities related to blood pressure (BP), body
composition and blood chemistry.<h4>Results</h4>We found
that systolic and diastolic BP, as well as the probability
of having high BP (hypertension), were negatively associated
with distance to market, a proxy for market integration.
Additionally, body composition varied significantly by
socioeconomic status (SES), with significant positive
associations between BMI and body fat and higher SES among
adults.<h4>Conclusions and implications</h4>While evidence
for evolutionary mismatch and health variation have been
found across a number of populations affected by an
urban/rural divide, these results demonstrate the effects of
market integration and sedentarization on cardiometabolic
health associated with the early stages of lifestyle
changes. Our findings provide evidence for the changes in
health when small-scale populations begin the processes of
sedentarization and market integration that result from
myriad market pressures.},
Doi = {10.1093/emph/eoad030},
Key = {fds373952}
}
@article{fds374951,
Author = {Parker, CH and Sadhir, S and Swanson, Z and McGrosky, A and Hinz, E and Urlacher, SS and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Effect of influenza vaccination on resting metabolic rate
and c-reactive protein concentrations in healthy young
adults.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {18},
Number = {12},
Pages = {e0295540},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295540},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Chronic immune activation and severe
inflammatory states are positively associated with resting
metabolic rate (RMR; kcal/day), but the impacts of mild
immune stimuli on metabolism are poorly understood. This
study investigates the within-individual association between
the inflammatory response to influenza vaccination and RMR
in young adults.<h4>Methods</h4>We evaluated RMRs through
indirect calorimetry and circulating c-reactive protein
(CRP) concentrations (mg/L)-a direct measure of
inflammation-via high-sensitivity immunoassays of dried
blood spots (n = 17) at baseline and two- and seven-days
post-vaccine. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests were
used to evaluate the magnitude of the CRP and RMR responses.
Type II Wald chi-square tests of linear mixed-effect models
assessed whether those responses were correlated.<h4>Results</h4>Baseline
CRP was 1.39 ± 1.26 mg/L. On day two post-vaccine, CRP
increased by 1.47 ± 1.37 mg/L (p < 0.0001), representing a
106% increase above baseline values. CRP remained higher on
day seven post-vaccine, 1.32 ± 2.47 mg/L (p = 0.05) above
baseline values. There were no statistically significant
changes in RMR from baseline to day two (p = 0.98) or day
seven (p = 0.21). Change in CRP from baseline did not
predict RMR variation across days (p = 0.46).<h4>Conclusions</h4>We
find no evidence that adult influenza vaccination results in
a corresponding increase in RMR. These results suggest that
the energetic cost of an influenza vaccine's mild
inflammatory stimulus is either too small to detect or is
largely compensated by a temporary downregulation of energy
allocated to other metabolic tasks.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0295540},
Key = {fds374951}
}
@misc{fds374604,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {Evolutionary Changes in Physical Activity, Diet, and Energy
Expenditure: Implications for the Prevention of
Obesity},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {11-17},
Booktitle = {Handbook of Obesity - Volume 2: Clinical Applications, Fifth
Edition},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9781032551081},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003432807-3},
Abstract = {Obesity and related metabolic diseases are recent phenomena,
products of our increasingly industrialized world. Our
Paleolithic hunter-gatherer ancestors and the subsistence
farming communities that succeeded them were largely
protected from these diseases. Here, we discuss how our
evolutionary legacy as hunter-gatherers leaves us vulnerable
to obesity and cardiometabolic disease in industrialized
societies. Hunting and gathering, as well as subsistence
farming, require high levels of daily physical activity.
Hunter-gatherer diets are remarkably variable across time
and geography, but typically include a balance of plant and
animal foods. Human physiology is therefore adapted to high
levels of daily physical activity and a wide range of diets.
The sedentary behavior and heavily processed foods typical
of modern societies are evolutionarily novel and promote
poor health. Exercise is essential for cardiometabolic
health but is less effective as a weight loss tool, and
societal changes in physical activity do not appear to have
contributed substantially to the modern obesity pandemic.
Instead, recent changes in diet, particularly the growing
prevalence of ultra-processed foods, have likely been the
primary societal drivers of the obesity pandemic.},
Doi = {10.1201/9781003432807-3},
Key = {fds374604}
}
@article{fds367867,
Author = {Yamada, Y and Zhang, X and Henderson, MET and Sagayama, H and Pontzer,
H and Watanabe, D and Yoshida, T and Kimura, M and Ainslie, PN and Andersen, LF and Anderson, LJ and Arab, L and Baddou, I and Bedu-Addo,
K and Blaak, EE and Blanc, S and Bonomi, AG and Bouten, CVC and Bovet, P and Buchowski, MS and Butte, NF and Camps, SG and Close, GL and Cooper, JA and Cooper, R and Das, SK and Dugas, LR and Eaton, S and Ekelund, U and Entringer, S and Forrester, T and Fudge, BW and Goris, AH and Gurven, M and Halsey, LG and Hambly, C and El Hamdouchi and A and Hoos, MB and Hu, S and Joonas, N and Joosen, AM and Katzmarzyk, P and Kempen, KP and Kraus, WE and Kriengsinyos, W and Kushner, RF and Lambert, EV and Leonard, WR and Lessan, N and Martin, CK and Medin, AC and Meijer, EP and Morehen, JC and Morton, JP and Neuhouser, ML and Nicklas, TA and Ojiambo, RM and Pietiläinen, KH and Pitsiladis, YP and Plange-Rhule, J and Plasqui,
G and Prentice, RL and Rabinovich, RA and Racette, SB and Raichlen, DA and Ravussin, E and Redman, LM and Reilly, JJ and Reynolds, RM and Roberts,
SB and Schuit, AJ and Sardinha, LB and Silva, AM and Sjödin, AM and Stice,
E and Urlacher, SS and Valenti, G and Van Etten and LM and Van Mil and EA and Wells, JCK and Wilson, G and Wood, BM and Yanovski, JA and Murphy-Alford, AJ and Loechl, CU and Luke, AH and Rood, J and Westerterp, KR and Wong, WW and Miyachi, M and Schoeller, DA and Speakman, JR and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
Doubly Labeled Water (DLW) Database Consortium§},
Title = {Variation in human water turnover associated with
environmental and lifestyle factors.},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {378},
Number = {6622},
Pages = {909-915},
Year = {2022},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abm8668},
Abstract = {Water is essential for survival, but one in three
individuals worldwide (2.2 billion people) lacks access to
safe drinking water. Water intake requirements largely
reflect water turnover (WT), the water used by the body each
day. We investigated the determinants of human WT in 5604
people from the ages of 8 days to 96 years from 23 countries
using isotope-tracking (2H) methods. Age, body size, and
composition were significantly associated with WT, as were
physical activity, athletic status, pregnancy, socioeconomic
status, and environmental characteristics (latitude,
altitude, air temperature, and humidity). People who lived
in countries with a low human development index (HDI) had
higher WT than people in high-HDI countries. On the basis of
this extensive dataset, we provide equations to predict
human WT in relation to anthropometric, economic, and
environmental factors.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.abm8668},
Key = {fds367867}
}
@article{fds367252,
Author = {Hora, M and Pontzer, H and Struška, M and Entin, P and Sládek,
V},
Title = {Comparing walking and running in persistence
hunting.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {172},
Pages = {103247},
Year = {2022},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103247},
Abstract = {It has been proposed that humans' exceptional locomotor
endurance evolved partly with foraging in hot open habitats
and subsequently about 2 million years ago with persistence
hunting, for which endurance running was instrumental.
However, persistence hunting by walking, if successful,
could select for locomotor endurance even before the
emergence of any running-related traits in human evolution.
Using a heat exchange model validated here in 73 humans and
55 ungulates, we simulated persistence hunts for prey of
three sizes (100, 250, and 400 kg) and three sweating
capacities (nonsweating, low, high) at 6237 combinations of
hunter's velocity (1-5 m s<sup>-1</sup>, intermittent),
air temperature (25-45 °C), relative humidity (30-90%),
and start time (8:00-16:00). Our simulations predicted that
walking would be successful in persistence hunting of low-
and nonsweating prey, especially under hot and humid
conditions. However, simulated persistence hunts by walking
yielded a 30-74% lower success rate than hunts by running or
intermittent running. In addition, despite requiring 10-30%
less energy, successful simulated persistence hunts by
walking were twice as long and resulted in greater
exhaustion of the hunter than hunts by running and
intermittent running. These shortcomings of pursuit by
walking compared to running identified in our simulations
could explain why there is only a single direct description
of persistence hunting by walking among modern
hunter-gatherers. Nevertheless, walking down prey could be a
viable option for hominins who did not possess the
endurance-running phenotype of the proposed first
persistence hunter, Homo erectus. Our simulation results
suggest that persistence hunting could select for both
long-distance walking and endurance running and contribute
to the evolution of locomotor endurance seen in modern
humans.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103247},
Key = {fds367252}
}
@article{fds366134,
Author = {Halsey, LG and Careau, V and Pontzer, H and Ainslie, PN and Andersen,
LF and Anderson, LJ and Arab, L and Baddou, I and Bedu-Addo, K and Blaak,
EE and Blanc, S and Bonomi, AG and Bouten, CVC and Bovet, P and Buchowski,
MS and Butte, NF and Camps, SGJA and Close, GL and Cooper, JA and Das, SK and Cooper, R and Dugas, LR and Ekelund, U and Entringer, S and Forrester,
T and Fudge, BW and Goris, AH and Gurven, M and Hambly, C and Hamdouchi,
AE and Hoos, MB and Hu, S and Joonas, N and Joosen, AM and Katzmarzyk, P and Kempen, KP and Kimura, M and Kraus, WE and Kushner, RF and Lambert, EV and Leonard, WR and Lessan, N and Martin, CK and Medin, AC and Meijer, EP and Morehen, JC and Morton, JP and Neuhouser, ML and Nicklas, TA and Ojiambo, RM and Pietiläinen, KH and Pitsiladis, YP and Plange-Rhule,
J and Plasqui, G and Prentice, RL and Rabinovich, RA and Racette, SB and Raichlen, DA and Ravussin, E and Reynolds, RM and Roberts, SB and Schuit, AJ and Sjödin, AM and Stice, E and Urlacher, SS and Valenti, G and Van Etten and LM and Van Mil and EA and Wilson, G and Wood, BM and Yanovski,
J and Yoshida, T and Zhang, X and Murphy-Alford, AJ and Loechl, CU and Luke, AH and Rood, J and Sagayama, H and Schoeller, DA and Westerterp,
KR and Wong, WW and Yamada, Y and Speakman, JR},
Title = {Variability in energy expenditure is much greater in males
than females.},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Volume = {171},
Pages = {103229},
Year = {2022},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103229},
Abstract = {In mammals, trait variation is often reported to be greater
among males than females. However, to date, mainly only
morphological traits have been studied. Energy expenditure
represents the metabolic costs of multiple physical,
physiological, and behavioral traits. Energy expenditure
could exhibit particularly high greater male variation
through a cumulative effect if those traits mostly exhibit
greater male variation, or a lack of greater male variation
if many of them do not. Sex differences in energy
expenditure variation have been little explored. We analyzed
a large database on energy expenditure in adult humans (1494
males and 3108 females) to investigate whether humans have
evolved sex differences in the degree of interindividual
variation in energy expenditure. We found that, even when
statistically comparing males and females of the same age,
height, and body composition, there is much more variation
in total, activity, and basal energy expenditure among
males. However, with aging, variation in total energy
expenditure decreases, and because this happens more rapidly
in males, the magnitude of greater male variation, though
still large, is attenuated in older age groups. Considerably
greater male variation in both total and activity energy
expenditure could be explained by greater male variation in
levels of daily activity. The considerably greater male
variation in basal energy expenditure is remarkable and may
be explained, at least in part, by greater male variation in
the size of energy-demanding organs. If energy expenditure
is a trait that is of indirect interest to females when
choosing a sexual partner, this would suggest that energy
expenditure is under sexual selection. However, we present a
novel energetics model demonstrating that it is also
possible that females have been under stabilizing selection
pressure for an intermediate basal energy expenditure to
maximize energy available for reproduction.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103229},
Key = {fds366134}
}
@article{fds364203,
Author = {Zhang, X and Yamada, Y and Sagayama, H and Ainslie, PN and Blaak, EE and Buchowski, MS and Close, GL and Cooper, JA and Das, SK and Dugas, LR and Gurven, M and El Hamdouchi and A and Hu, S and Joonas, N and Katzmarzyk, P and Kraus, WE and Kushner, RF and Leonard, WR and Martin, CK and Meijer, EP and Neuhouser, ML and Ojiambo, RM and Pitsiladis, YP and Plasqui, G and Prentice, RL and Racette, SB and Ravussin, E and Redman, LM and Reynolds, RM and Roberts, SB and Sardinha, LB and Silva, AM and Stice,
E and Urlacher, SS and Van Mil and EA and Wood, BM and Murphy-Alford, AJ and Loechl, C and Luke, AH and Rood, J and Schoeller, DA and Westerterp, KR and Wong, WW and Pontzer, H and Speakman, JR and IAEA DLW database
consortium},
Title = {Human total, basal and activity energy expenditures are
independent of ambient environmental temperature.},
Journal = {iScience},
Volume = {25},
Number = {8},
Pages = {104682},
Year = {2022},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.104682},
Abstract = {Lower ambient temperature (Ta) requires greater energy
expenditure to sustain body temperature. However, effects of
Ta on human energetics may be buffered by environmental
modification and behavioral compensation. We used the IAEA
DLW database for adults in the USA (n = 3213) to determine
the effect of Ta (-10 to +30°C) on TEE, basal (BEE) and
activity energy expenditure (AEE) and physical activity
level (PAL). There were no significant relationships
(p > 0.05) between maximum, minimum and average Ta and
TEE, BEE, AEE and PAL. After adjustment for fat-free mass,
fat mass and age, statistically significant (p < 0.01)
relationships between TEE, BEE and Ta emerged in females but
the effect sizes were not biologically meaningful.
Temperatures inside buildings are regulated at 18-25°C
independent of latitude. Hence, adults in the US modify
their environments to keep TEE constant across a wide range
of external ambient temperatures.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.isci.2022.104682},
Key = {fds364203}
}
@article{fds365839,
Author = {Bethancourt, HJ and Swanson, ZS and Nzunza, R and Young, SL and Lomeiku,
L and Douglass, MJ and Braun, DR and Ndiema, EK and Pontzer, H and Rosinger, AY},
Title = {The co-occurrence of water insecurity and food insecurity
among Daasanach pastoralists in northern
Kenya.},
Journal = {Public health nutrition},
Pages = {1-11},
Year = {2022},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980022001689},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>Water plays a critical role in the
production of food and preparation of nutritious meals, yet
few studies have examined the relationship between water and
food insecurity. The primary objective of this study,
therefore, was to examine how experiences of household water
insecurity (HWI) relate to experiences of household food
insecurity (HFI) among a pastoralist population living in an
arid, water-stressed region of northern Kenya.<h4>Design</h4>We
implemented the twelve-item Household Water Insecurity
Experiences (HWISE, range 0-36) Scale and the nine-item
Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS, range 0-27)
in a cross-sectional survey to measure HWI and HFI,
respectively. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and
intake of meat and dairy in the prior week were collected as
covariates of interest.<h4>Setting</h4>Northern Kenya,
June-July 2019.<h4>Participants</h4>Daasanach pastoralist
households (<i>n</i> 136) from seven communities.<h4>Results</h4>In
the prior 4 weeks, 93·4 % and 98·5 % of households had
experienced moderate-to-severe HWI and HFI, respectively.
Multiple linear regression analyses indicated a strong
association between HWI and HFI. Each point higher HWISE
score was associated with a 0·44-point (95 % CI: 0·22,
0·66, <i>P</i> = 0·003) higher HFIAS score adjusting for
socio-economic status and other covariates.<h4>Conclusions</h4>These
findings demonstrate high prevalence and co-occurrence of
HWI and HFI among Daasanach pastoralists in northern Kenya.
This study highlights the need to address HWI and HFI
simultaneously when developing policies and interventions to
improve the nutritional well-being of populations whose
subsistence is closely tied to water availability and
access.},
Doi = {10.1017/s1368980022001689},
Key = {fds365839}
}
@article{fds361188,
Author = {Rosinger, AY and Bethancourt, HJ and Swanson, ZS and Lopez, K and Kenney, WL and Huanca, T and Conde, E and Nzunza, R and Ndiema, E and Braun, DR and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Cross-cultural variation in thirst perception in hot-humid
and hot-arid environments: Evidence from two small-scale
populations.},
Journal = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of
the Human Biology Council},
Volume = {34},
Number = {6},
Pages = {e23715},
Year = {2022},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23715},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Thirst is an evolved central homeostatic
feedback system that helps regulate body water for survival.
Little research has examined how early development and
exposure to extreme environments and water availability
affect thirst perception, particularly outside Western
settings. Therefore, we compared two indicators of perceived
thirst (current thirst and pleasantness of drinking water)
using visual scales among Tsimane' forager-horticulturalists
in the hot-humid Bolivian Amazon and Daasanach
agro-pastoralists in hot-arid Northern Kenya.<h4>Methods</h4>We
examined how these measures of perceived thirst were
associated with hydration status (urine specific gravity),
ambient temperatures, birth season, age, and
population-specific characteristics for 607 adults
(n = 378 Tsimane', n = 229 Daasanach) aged 18+ using
multi-level mixed-effect regressions.<h4>Results</h4>Tsimane'
had higher perceived thirst than Daasanach. Across
populations, hydration status was unrelated to both measures
of thirst. There was a significant interaction between birth
season and temperature on pleasantness of drinking water,
driven by Kenya data. Daasanach born in the wet season (in
utero during less water availability) had blunted
pleasantness of drinking water at higher temperatures
compared to those born in the dry season (in utero during
greater water availability).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our findings
suggest hydration status is not a reliable predictor of
thirst perceptions in extreme-hot environments with ad
libitum drinking. Rather, our findings, which require
additional confirmation, point to the importance of water
availability during gestation in affecting thirst
sensitivity to heat and water feedback mechanisms,
particularly in arid environments. Thirst regulation will be
increasingly important to understand given climate change
driven exposures to extreme heat and water
insecurity.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajhb.23715},
Key = {fds361188}
}
@article{fds363883,
Author = {Pontzer, H and McGrosky, A},
Title = {Balancing growth, reproduction, maintenance, and activity
in evolved energy economies.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {32},
Number = {12},
Pages = {R709-R719},
Year = {2022},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.05.018},
Abstract = {Economic models predominate in life history research, which
investigates the allocation of an organism's resources to
growth, reproduction, and maintenance. These approaches
typically employ a heuristic Y model of resource allocation,
which predicts trade-offs among tasks within a fixed budget.
The common currency among tasks is not always specified, but
most models imply that metabolic energy, either from food or
body stores, is the critical resource. Here, we review the
evidence for metabolic energy as the common currency of
growth, reproduction, and maintenance, focusing on studies
in humans and other vertebrates. We then discuss the flow of
energy to competing physiological tasks (physical activity,
maintenance, and reproduction or growth) and its effect on
life history traits. We propose a Ψ model of energy flow to
these tasks, which provides an integrative framework for
examining the influence of environmental factors and the
expansion and contraction of energy budgets in the evolution
of life history strategies.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2022.05.018},
Key = {fds363883}
}
@article{fds355703,
Author = {Ocobock, C and Soppela, P and Turunen, M and Stenbäck, V and Herzig,
K-H and Rimbach, R and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Reindeer herders from subarctic Finland exhibit high total
energy expenditure and low energy intake during the autumn
herd roundup.},
Journal = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of
the Human Biology Council},
Volume = {34},
Number = {4},
Pages = {e23676},
Year = {2022},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23676},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>High levels of total energy expenditure
(TEE, kcal/day) have been documented among numerous human
populations such as tropical climate horticulturalists and
high-altitude agriculturalists. However, less work has been
conducted among highly physically active cold climate
populations.<h4>Methods</h4>In October 2018, TEE was
measured using the doubly labeled water (TEE<sub>DLW</sub> ,
N = 10) and flex-heart rate methods (TEE<sub>HR</sub> ,
N = 24) for 6-14 days among reindeer herders
(20-62 years) in northern Finland during an especially
physically demanding, but not seasonally representative,
period of the year for herders-the annual reindeer herd
roundup. Self-reported dietary intake was also collected
during TEE measurement periods. TEE was then compared to
that of hunter gatherer, farming, and market
economies.<h4>Results</h4>During the herd roundup, herders
expended a mean of 4183 ± 949 kcal/day as measured by
the DLW method, which was not significantly different from
TEE<sub>HR</sub> . Mean caloric intake was
1718 ± 709 kcal/day, and was significantly lower than
TEE<sub>DLW</sub> and TEE<sub>HR</sub> (p < .001). Herder
TEE<sub>DLW</sub> was significantly higher than that of
hunter gatherer (p = .0014) and market (p < .0014)
economy populations; however, herder TEE<sub>DLW</sub> was
not different from that of farming populations
(p = .91).<h4>Conclusion</h4>High TEE and low caloric
intake among herders reflect the extreme demands placed on
herders during the annual herd round up. Although
TEE<sub>DLW</sub> was similar between cold climate herders
and hot climate farming populations, there are likely
differences in how that TEE is comprised, reflecting the
local ecologies of these populations.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajhb.23676},
Key = {fds355703}
}
@article{fds361302,
Author = {Rimbach, R and Yamada, Y and Sagayama, H and Ainslie, PN and Anderson,
LF and Anderson, LJ and Arab, L and Baddou, I and Bedu-Addo, K and Blaak,
EE and Blanc, S and Bonomi, AG and Bouten, CVC and Bovet, P and Buchowski,
MS and Butte, NF and Camps, SGJA and Close, GL and Cooper, JA and Das, SK and Dugas, LR and Ekelund, U and Entringer, S and Forrester, T and Fudge,
BW and Goris, AH and Gurven, M and Hambly, C and El Hamdouchi and A and Hoos,
MB and Hu, S and Joonas, N and Joosen, AM and Katzmarzyk, P and Kempen, KP and Kimura, M and Kraus, WE and Kushner, RF and Lambert, EV and Leonard, WR and Lessan, N and Martin, CK and Medin, AC and Meijer, EP and Morehen, JC and Morton, JP and Neuhouser, ML and Nicklas, TA and Ojiambo, RM and Pietiläinen, KH and Pitsiladis, YP and Plange-Rhule, J and Plasqui,
G and Prentice, RL and Rabinovich, RA and Racette, SB and Raichlen, DA and Ravussin, E and Reynolds, RM and Roberts, SB and Schuit, AJ and Sjödin,
AM and Stice, E and Urlacher, SS and Valenti, G and Van Etten and LM and Van
Mil, EA and Wells, JCK and Wilson, G and Wood, BM and Yanovski, J and Yoshida, T and Zhang, X and Murphy-Alford, AJ and Loechl, CU and Luke,
AH and Rood, J and Schoeller, DA and Westerterp, KR and Wong, WW and Speakman, JR and Pontzer, H and IAEA DLW Database
Consortium},
Title = {Total energy expenditure is repeatable in adults but not
associated with short-term changes in body
composition.},
Journal = {Nat Commun},
Volume = {13},
Number = {1},
Pages = {99},
Year = {2022},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27246-z},
Abstract = {Low total energy expenditure (TEE, MJ/d) has been a
hypothesized risk factor for weight gain, but repeatability
of TEE, a critical variable in longitudinal studies of
energy balance, is understudied. We examine repeated doubly
labeled water (DLW) measurements of TEE in 348 adults and 47
children from the IAEA DLW Database (mean ± SD time
interval: 1.9 ± 2.9 y) to assess repeatability of
TEE, and to examine if TEE adjusted for age, sex, fat-free
mass, and fat mass is associated with changes in weight or
body composition. Here, we report that repeatability of TEE
is high for adults, but not children. Bivariate Bayesian
mixed models show no among or within-individual correlation
between body composition (fat mass or percentage) and
unadjusted TEE in adults. For adults aged 20-60 y
(N = 267; time interval: 7.4 ± 12.2 weeks),
increases in adjusted TEE are associated with weight gain
but not with changes in body composition; results are
similar for subjects with intervals >4 weeks (N = 53;
29.1 ± 12.8 weeks). This suggests low TEE is not a risk
factor for, and high TEE is not protective against, weight
or body fat gain over the time intervals
tested.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41467-021-27246-z},
Key = {fds361302}
}
@article{fds361799,
Author = {Willis, EA and Creasy, SA and Saint-Maurice, PF and Keadle, SK and Pontzer, H and Schoeller, D and Troiano, RP and Matthews,
CE},
Title = {Physical Activity and Total Daily Energy Expenditure in
Older US Adults: Constrained versus Additive
Models.},
Journal = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise},
Volume = {54},
Number = {1},
Pages = {98-105},
Year = {2022},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000002759},
Abstract = {<h4>Purpose</h4>This study aimed to examine the shape of the
relationship between physical activity (PA) and total energy
expenditure (TEE) and to explore the role of energy balance
status (negative, stable, positive) in influencing this
association.<h4>Methods</h4>Cross-sectional. Participants
were 584 older adults (50-74 yr) participating in the
Interactive Diet and Activity Tracking in AARP study. TEE
was assessed by doubly labeled water and PA by
accelerometer. The relationship between PA and TEE was
assessed visually and using nonlinear methods (restricted
cubic splines). Percent weight change (>3%) over a 6-month
period was used as a proxy measurement of energy balance
status.<h4>Results</h4>TEE generally increased with
increasing deciles of PA averaging 2354 (SD, 351) kcal·d-1
in the bottom decile to 2693 (SD, 480) kcal·d-1 in the top
decile. Cubic spline models showed an approximate linear
association between PA and TEE (linear relation, P < 0.0001;
curvature, P = 0.920). Results were similar in subgroup
analyses for individuals classified as stable or positive
energy balance. For those in negative energy balance, TEE
was generally flat with increasing deciles of PA averaging
2428 (SD, 285) kcal·d-1 in the bottom decile to 2372 (SD,
560) kcal·d-1 in the top decile.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Energy
balance status seems to play an important role in the
relationship between PA and TEE. When in a positive energy
balance, the relationship between TEE and PA was consistent
with an additive model; however, when energy balance was
negative, TEE seems to be consistent with a constrained
model. These findings support PA for weight gain prevention
by increasing TEE; however, the effect of PA on TEE during
periods of weight loss may be limited. An adequately
powered, prospective study is warranted to confirm these
exploratory findings.},
Doi = {10.1249/mss.0000000000002759},
Key = {fds361799}
}
@article{fds364045,
Author = {Dunham, NT and Koester, DC and Dierenfeld, ES and Rimbach, R and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Balancing the scales: Preliminary investigation of total
energy expenditure and daily metabolizable energy intake in
Matschie's tree kangaroo (Dendrolagus matschiei).},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {17},
Number = {6},
Pages = {e0270570},
Year = {2022},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270570},
Abstract = {Matschie's tree kangaroo (Dendrolagus matschiei) is an
endangered arboreal marsupial native to Papua New Guinea.
Detailed field studies of its behavior and ecology are
scarce due largely to its occupation of remote cloud forests
and cryptic nature. Although this species has been in human
care since the 1950s, much of its biology is still unknown.
The current ex situ population is not sustainable due to
health and reproductive problems, believed to stem largely
from issues with diet and obesity. To better assess
potential discrepancies between energy requirements and
energy intake, we sought to 1) quantify total energy
expenditure (TEE) of two zoo-housed Matschie's tree
kangaroos (body mass = 9.0-9.7 kg) on a diet composed
largely of leafy browse; 2) quantify food and macronutrient
intake, apparent dry matter macronutrient digestibility, and
metabolizable energy (ME) intake over a 14-month period; and
3) test for seasonal changes in ME intake due to seasonal
differences in the varieties of leafy browse offered. Using
the doubly labeled water method, we determined TEE for the
female (288 kcal day -1) and male (411 kcal day -1).
Resulting mean TEE was well below the expected value for
marsupials and macropods (i.e., ~60% of the expected value
based on body mass). The mean calculated ME intakes for the
female and male were 307 kcal day-1 and 454 kcal day-1,
respectively. There were significant seasonal differences in
ME intakes, driven by reduced intake in the autumn. These
results demonstrate that Matschie's tree kangaroos can be
maintained at healthy body weights and conditions on
fiber-rich and browse-heavy diets. Our findings contribute
important insights into tree kangaroo energetics and
physiology and can be applied to help reformulate the diet
of Matschie's tree kangaroos at captive facilities to
improve population health and sustainability.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0270570},
Key = {fds364045}
}
@article{fds364274,
Author = {Klasson, CL and Sadhir, S and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Daily physical activity is negatively associated with
thyroid hormone levels, inflammation, and immune system
markers among men and women in the NHANES
dataset.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {17},
Number = {7},
Pages = {e0270221},
Year = {2022},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270221},
Abstract = {The acute effects of exercise on metabolic energy
expenditure and inflammation are well studied, but the
long-term effects of regular daily physical activity on
metabolic and endocrine effects are less clear. Further,
prior studies investigating the impact of daily physical
activity in large cohorts have generally relied on
self-reported activity. Here, we used the U.S. National
Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to
investigate the relationship between daily physical activity
and both thyroid and immune activity. Daily physical
activity was assessed through accelerometry or
accelerometry-validated survey responses. Thyroid activity
was assessed from circulating levels of thyroid stimulating
hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4). Immune function was
assessed from circulating cytokines (C-reactive protein
[CRP], immunoglobulin E [IgE], fibrinogen) and blood cell
counts. In general linear models including body mass index,
age, gender, activity and TSH as factors, active adults had
a lower levels of T4 and reduced slope of the TSH:T4
relationship. Similarly, greater physical activity was
associated with lower CRP and fibrinogen levels (but not
IgE) and lower white blood cell, basophil, monocyte,
neutrophil, and eosinophil (but not lymphocyte) counts.
Daily physical activity was also associated with lower
prevalence of clinically elevated CRP, WBC, and lymphocytes
in a dose-response manner. These results underscore the
long-term impact of daily physical activity on both systemic
metabolic activity (thyroid) and on specific physiological
tasks (immune). The regulatory effects of physical activity
on other bodily systems are clinically relevant and should
be incorporated into public health strategies promoting
exercise.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0270221},
Key = {fds364274}
}
@article{fds365596,
Author = {Higgins, S and Pomeroy, A and Bates, LC and Paterson, C and Barone
Gibbs, B and Pontzer, H and Stoner, L},
Title = {Sedentary behavior and cardiovascular disease risk: An
evolutionary perspective.},
Journal = {Frontiers in physiology},
Volume = {13},
Pages = {962791},
Year = {2022},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.962791},
Abstract = {A ubiquitous aspect of contemporary societies is sedentary
behavior (SB), defined as low intensity activities in a
seated, reclined, or supine posture. Leading public health
agencies, including the World Health Organization, have
recognized the strong association between SB and poor health
outcomes, particularly cardiovascular disease. However,
while public health agencies have begun to advocate for
"reductions" in SB, the current US guidelines are typically
vague and non-specific. There is good reasoning behind this
non-committal advocacy-there is limited mechanistic and
clinical evidence to support policy development. To guide SB
policy development, it is important to first consider the
origins and evolution of SB, including the following: 1) is
SB really a novel/contemporary behavior? i.e., how has this
behavior evolved? 2) how did our ancestors sit and in what
contexts? 3) how does SB interact with 24-hour activity
behaviors, including physical activity and sleep? 4) what
other historical and contemporary facets of life interact
with SB? and 5) in what context do these behaviors occur and
how might they provide different evolutionarily novel
stressors? This perspective article will synthesize the
available evidence that addresses these questions and
stimulate discussion pertaining to the lessons that we can
learn from an historical and evolutionary perspective. Last,
it will outline the gaps in current SB interruption
literature that are hindering development of feasible SB
reduction policy.},
Doi = {10.3389/fphys.2022.962791},
Key = {fds365596}
}
@article{fds361187,
Author = {Kraft, TS and Venkataraman, VV and Wallace, IJ and Crittenden, AN and Holowka, NB and Stieglitz, J and Harris, J and Raichlen, DA and Wood, B and Gurven, M and Pontzer, H},
Title = {The energetics of uniquely human subsistence
strategies.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {374},
Number = {6575},
Pages = {eabf0130},
Year = {2021},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abf0130},
Abstract = {The suite of derived human traits, including enlarged
brains, elevated fertility rates, and long developmental
periods and life spans, imposes extraordinarily high
energetic costs relative to other great apes. How do human
subsistence strategies accommodate our expanded energy
budgets? We found that relative to other great apes, human
hunter-gatherers and subsistence farmers spend more energy
but less time on subsistence, acquire substantially more
energy per hour, and achieve similar energy efficiencies.
These findings revise our understanding of human energetic
evolution by indicating that humans afford expanded energy
budgets primarily by increasing rates of energy acquisition,
not through energy-saving adaptations such as economical
bipedalism or sophisticated tool use that decrease
subsistence costs and improve the energetic efficiency of
subsistence. We argue that the time saved by human
subsistence strategies provides more leisure time for social
interaction and social learning in central-place locations
and would have been critical for cumulative cultural
evolution.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.abf0130},
Key = {fds361187}
}
@article{fds361189,
Author = {Westerterp, KR and Yamada, Y and Sagayama, H and Ainslie, PN and Andersen, LF and Anderson, LJ and Arab, L and Baddou, I and Bedu-Addo,
K and Blaak, EE and Blanc, S and Bonomi, AG and Bouten, CVC and Bovet, P and Buchowski, MS and Butte, NF and Camps, SGJA and Close, GL and Cooper,
JA and Das, SK and Cooper, R and Dugas, LR and Ekelund, U and Entringer, S and Forrester, T and Fudge, BW and Goris, AH and Gurven, M and Hambly, C and El
Hamdouchi, A and Hoos, MB and Hu, S and Joonas, N and Joosen, AM and Katzmarzyk, P and Kempen, KP and Kimura, M and Kraus, WE and Kushner,
RF and Lambert, EV and Leonard, WR and Lessan, N and Martin, CK and Medin,
AC and Meijer, EP and Morehen, JC and Morton, JP and Neuhouser, ML and Nicklas, TA and Ojiambo, RM and Pietiläinen, KH and Pitsiladis, YP and Plange-Rhule, J and Plasqui, G and Prentice, RL and Rabinovich, RA and Racette, SB and Raichlen, DA and Ravussin, E and Reynolds, RM and Roberts, SB and Schuit, AJ and Sjödin, AM and Stice, E and Urlacher,
SS and Valenti, G and Van Etten and LM and Van Mil and EA and Wells, JCK and Wilson, G and Wood, BM and Yanovski, J and Yoshida, T and Zhang, X and Murphy-Alford, AJ and Loechl, CU and Luke, AH and Pontzer, H and Rood,
J and Schoeller, DA and Wong, WW and Speakman, JR and International
Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database
group},
Title = {Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in
later life.},
Journal = {Am J Clin Nutr},
Volume = {114},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1583-1589},
Year = {2021},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab260},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Physical activity may be a way to increase and
maintain fat-free mass (FFM) in later life, similar to the
prevention of fractures by increasing peak bone mass.
OBJECTIVES: A study is presented of the association between
FFM and physical activity in relation to age. METHODS: In a
cross-sectional study, FFM was analyzed in relation to
physical activity in a large participant group as compiled
in the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled
Water database. The database included 2000 participants, age
3-96 y, with measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE)
and resting energy expenditure (REE) to allow calculation of
physical activity level (PAL = TEE/REE), and calculation
of FFM from isotope dilution. RESULTS: PAL was a main
determinant of body composition at all ages. Models with
age, fat mass (FM), and PAL explained 76% and 85% of the
variation in FFM in females and males < 18 y old, and 32%
and 47% of the variation in FFM in females and
males ≥ 18 y old, respectively. In participants < 18 y
old, mean FM-adjusted FFM was 1.7 kg (95% CI: 0.1, 3.2 kg)
and 3.4 kg (95% CI: 1.0, 5.6 kg) higher in a very active
participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a sedentary participant
with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively. At
age 18 y, height and FM-adjusted FFM was 3.6 kg (95% CI:
2.8, 4.4 kg) and 4.4 kg (95% CI: 3.2, 5.7 kg) higher, and at
age 80 y 0.7 kg (95% CI: -0.2, 1.7 kg) and 1.0 kg (95% CI:
-0.1, 2.1 kg) higher, in a participant with PAL = 2.0 than
in a participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males,
respectively. CONCLUSIONS: If these associations are causal,
they suggest physical activity is a major determinant of
body composition as reflected in peak FFM, and that a
physically active lifestyle can only partly protect against
loss of FFM in aging adults.},
Doi = {10.1093/ajcn/nqab260},
Key = {fds361189}
}
@article{fds358810,
Author = {Careau, V and Halsey, LG and Pontzer, H and Ainslie, PN and Andersen,
LF and Anderson, LJ and Arab, L and Baddou, I and Bedu-Addo, K and Blaak,
EE and Blanc, S and Bonomi, AG and Bouten, CVC and Buchowski, MS and Butte,
NF and Camps, SGJA and Close, GL and Cooper, JA and Das, SK and Cooper, R and Dugas, LR and Eaton, SD and Ekelund, U and Entringer, S and Forrester,
T and Fudge, BW and Goris, AH and Gurven, M and Hambly, C and El Hamdouchi,
A and Hoos, MB and Hu, S and Joonas, N and Joosen, AM and Katzmarzyk, P and Kempen, KP and Kimura, M and Kraus, WE and Kushner, RF and Lambert, EV and Leonard, WR and Lessan, N and Martin, CK and Medin, AC and Meijer, EP and Morehen, JC and Morton, JP and Neuhouser, ML and Nicklas, TA and Ojiambo, RM and Pietiläinen, KH and Pitsiladis, YP and Plange-Rhule,
J and Plasqui, G and Prentice, RL and Rabinovich, RA and Racette, SB and Raichlen, DA and Ravussin, E and Reilly, JJ and Reynolds, RM and Roberts, SB and Schuit, AJ and Sjödin, AM and Stice, E and Urlacher,
SS and Valenti, G and Van Etten and LM and Van Mil and EA and Wells, JCK and Wilson, G and Wood, BM and Yanovski, J and Yoshida, T and Zhang, X and Murphy-Alford, AJ and Loechl, CU and Luke, AH and Rood, J and Sagayama,
H and Schoeller, DA and Wong, WW and Yamada, Y and Speakman, JR and IAEA
DLW database group},
Title = {Energy compensation and adiposity in humans.},
Journal = {Curr Biol},
Volume = {31},
Number = {20},
Pages = {4659-4666.e2},
Year = {2021},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.08.016},
Abstract = {Understanding the impacts of activity on energy balance is
crucial. Increasing levels of activity may bring diminishing
returns in energy expenditure because of compensatory
responses in non-activity energy expenditures.1-3 This
suggestion has profound implications for both the evolution
of metabolism and human health. It implies that a long-term
increase in activity does not directly translate into an
increase in total energy expenditure (TEE) because other
components of TEE may decrease in response-energy
compensation. We used the largest dataset compiled on adult
TEE and basal energy expenditure (BEE) (n = 1,754) of
people living normal lives to find that energy compensation
by a typical human averages 28% due to reduced BEE; this
suggests that only 72% of the extra calories we burn from
additional activity translates into extra calories burned
that day. Moreover, the degree of energy compensation varied
considerably between people of different body compositions.
This association between compensation and adiposity could be
due to among-individual differences in compensation: people
who compensate more may be more likely to accumulate body
fat. Alternatively, the process might occur within
individuals: as we get fatter, our body might compensate
more strongly for the calories burned during activity,
making losing fat progressively more difficult. Determining
the causality of the relationship between energy
compensation and adiposity will be key to improving public
health strategies regarding obesity.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2021.08.016},
Key = {fds358810}
}
@article{fds357317,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Wood, BM},
Title = {Effects of Evolution, Ecology, and Economy on Human Diet:
Insights from Hunter-Gatherers and Other Small-Scale
Societies.},
Journal = {Annual review of nutrition},
Volume = {41},
Pages = {363-385},
Year = {2021},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-111120-105520},
Abstract = {We review the evolutionary origins of the human diet and the
effects of ecology economy on the dietary proportion of
plants and animals. Humans eat more meat than other apes, a
consequence of hunting and gathering, which arose ∼2.5 Mya
with the genus <i>Homo</i>. Paleolithic diets likely
included a balance of plant and animal foods and would have
been remarkably variable across time and space. A
plant/animal food balance of 50/50% prevails among
contemporary warm-climate hunter-gatherers, but these
proportions vary widely. Societies in cold climates, and
those that depend more on fishing or pastoralism, tend to
eat more meat. Warm-climate foragers, and groups that engage
in some farming, tend to eat more plants. We present a case
study of the wild food diet of the Hadza, a community of
hunter-gatherers in northern Tanzania, whose diet is high in
fiber, adequate in protein, and remarkably variable over
monthly timescales.},
Doi = {10.1146/annurev-nutr-111120-105520},
Key = {fds357317}
}
@article{fds358684,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Yamada, Y and Sagayama, H and Ainslie, PN and Andersen,
LF and Anderson, LJ and Arab, L and Baddou, I and Bedu-Addo, K and Blaak,
EE and Blanc, S and Bonomi, AG and Bouten, CVC and Bovet, P and Buchowski,
MS and Butte, NF and Camps, SG and Close, GL and Cooper, JA and Cooper, R and Das, SK and Dugas, LR and Ekelund, U and Entringer, S and Forrester, T and Fudge, BW and Goris, AH and Gurven, M and Hambly, C and El Hamdouchi and A and Hoos, MB and Hu, S and Joonas, N and Joosen, AM and Katzmarzyk, P and Kempen, KP and Kimura, M and Kraus, WE and Kushner, RF and Lambert, EV and Leonard, WR and Lessan, N and Martin, C and Medin, AC and Meijer, EP and Morehen, JC and Morton, JP and Neuhouser, ML and Nicklas, TA and Ojiambo, RM and Pietiläinen, KH and Pitsiladis, YP and Plange-Rhule,
J and Plasqui, G and Prentice, RL and Rabinovich, RA and Racette, SB and Raichlen, DA and Ravussin, E and Reynolds, RM and Roberts, SB and Schuit, AJ and Sjödin, AM and Stice, E and Urlacher, SS and Valenti, G and Van Etten and LM and Van Mil and EA and Wells, JCK and Wilson, G and Wood, BM and Yanovski, J and Yoshida, T and Zhang, X and Murphy-Alford, AJ and Loechl, C and Luke, AH and Rood, J and Schoeller, DA and Westerterp, KR and Wong, WW and Speakman, JR and IAEA DLW Database
Consortium},
Title = {Daily energy expenditure through the human life
course.},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {373},
Number = {6556},
Pages = {808-812},
Year = {2021},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abe5017},
Abstract = {Total daily energy expenditure ("total expenditure")
reflects daily energy needs and is a critical variable in
human health and physiology, but its trajectory over the
life course is poorly studied. We analyzed a large, diverse
database of total expenditure measured by the doubly labeled
water method for males and females aged 8 days to 95 years.
Total expenditure increased with fat-free mass in a
power-law manner, with four distinct life stages. Fat-free
mass-adjusted expenditure accelerates rapidly in neonates to
~50% above adult values at ~1 year; declines slowly to adult
levels by ~20 years; remains stable in adulthood (20 to 60
years), even during pregnancy; then declines in older
adults. These changes shed light on human development and
aging and should help shape nutrition and health strategies
across the life span.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.abe5017},
Key = {fds358684}
}
@article{fds358341,
Author = {Rimbach, R and Amireh, A and Allen, A and Hare, B and Guarino, E and Kaufman, C and Salomons, H and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Total energy expenditure of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops
truncatus) of different ages.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Volume = {224},
Number = {15},
Pages = {jeb242218},
Year = {2021},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.242218},
Abstract = {Marine mammals are thought to have an energetically
expensive lifestyle because endothermy is costly in marine
environments. However, measurements of total energy
expenditure (TEE; kcal day-1) are available only for a
limited number of marine mammals, because large body size
and inaccessible habitats make TEE measurements expensive
and difficult to obtain for many taxa. We measured TEE in 10
adult common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) living
in natural seawater lagoons at two facilities (Dolphin
Research Center and Dolphin Quest) using the doubly labeled
water method. We assessed the relative effects of body mass,
age and physical activity on TEE. We also examined whether
TEE of bottlenose dolphins, and more generally of marine
mammals, differs from that expected for their body mass
compared with other eutherian mammals, using phylogenetic
least squares (PGLS) regressions. There were no differences
in body mass or TEE (unadjusted TEE and TEE adjusted for
fat-free mass) between dolphins from the two facilities. Our
results show that adjusted TEE decreased and fat mass
increased with age. Different measures of activity were not
related to age, body fat or adjusted TEE. Both PGLS and the
non-phylogenetic linear regression indicate that marine
mammals have an elevated TEE compared with that of
terrestrial mammals. However, bottlenose dolphins expended
17.1% less energy than other marine mammals of similar body
mass. The two oldest dolphins (>40 years) showed a lower
TEE, similar to the decline in TEE seen in older humans. To
our knowledge, this is the first study to show an
age-related metabolic decline in a large non-human
mammal.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.242218},
Key = {fds358341}
}
@article{fds357552,
Author = {Rimbach, R and Amireh, A and Allen, A and Hare, B and Guarino, E and Kaufman, C and Salomons, H and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Total energy expenditure of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops
truncatus) of different ages.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Year = {2021},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.242218},
Abstract = {Marine mammals are thought to have an energetically
expensive lifestyle because endothermy is costly in marine
environments. However, measurements of total energy
expenditure (TEE; kcal/day) are available only for a limited
number of marine mammals, because large body size and
inaccessible habitats make TEE measurements expensive and
difficult for many taxa. We measured TEE in 10 adult common
bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) living in natural
seawater lagoons at two facilities (Dolphin Research Center
and Dolphin Quest) using the doubly labeled water method. We
assessed the relative effects of body mass, age, and
physical activity on TEE. We also examined whether TEE of
bottlenose dolphins, and more generally marine mammals,
differs from that expected for their body mass compared to
other eutherian mammals, using phylogenetic least squares
(PGLS) regressions. There were no differences in body mass
or TEE (unadjusted TEE and TEE adjusted for fat free mass
(FFM)) between dolphins from both facilities. Our results
show that Adjusted TEE decreased and fat mass (FM) increased
with age. Different measures of activity were not related to
age, body fat or Adjusted TEE. Both PGLS and the
non-phylogenetic linear regression indicate that marine
mammals have an elevated TEE compared to terrestrial
mammals. However, bottlenose dolphins expended 17.1% less
energy than other marine mammals of similar body mass. The
two oldest dolphins (>40 years) showed a lower TEE, similar
to the decline in TEE seen in older humans. To our
knowledge, this is the first study to show an age-related
metabolic decline in a large non-human mammal.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.242218},
Key = {fds357552}
}
@article{fds358685,
Author = {Raichlen, DA and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Energetic and endurance constraints on great ape
quadrupedalism and the benefits of hominin
bipedalism.},
Journal = {Evolutionary anthropology},
Volume = {30},
Number = {4},
Pages = {253-261},
Year = {2021},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.21911},
Abstract = {Bipedal walking was one of the first key behavioral traits
that defined the evolution of early hominins. While it is
not possible to identify specific selection pressures
underlying bipedal evolution, we can better understand how
the adoption of bipedalism may have benefited our hominin
ancestors. Here, we focus on how bipedalism relaxes
constraints on nonhuman primate quadrupedal limb mechanics,
providing key advantages during hominin evolution. Nonhuman
primate quadrupedal kinematics, especially in our closest
living relatives, the great apes, are dominated by highly
flexed limb joints, often associated with high energy costs,
and are constrained by the need to reduce loads on mobile,
but less stable forelimb joints. Bipedal walking would have
allowed greater hind limb joint extension, which is
associated with reduced energy costs and increased
endurance. We suggest that relaxing these constraints
provided bipedal hominins important benefits associated with
long distance foraging and mobility.},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.21911},
Key = {fds358685}
}
@article{fds355698,
Author = {Jones, JH and Pisor, AC and Douglass, KG and Bird, RB and Ready, E and Hazel, A and Hackman, J and Kramer, KL and Kohler, TA and Pontzer, H and Towner, MC},
Title = {How can evolutionary and biological anthropologists engage
broader audiences?},
Journal = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of
the Human Biology Council},
Volume = {33},
Number = {4},
Pages = {e23592},
Year = {2021},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23592},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>With our diverse training, theoretical
and empirical toolkits, and rich data, evolutionary and
biological anthropologists (EBAs) have much to contribute to
research and policy decisions about climate change and other
pressing social issues. However, we remain largely absent
from these critical, ongoing efforts. Here, we draw on the
literature and our own experiences to make recommendations
for how EBAs can engage broader audiences, including the
communities with whom we collaborate, a more diverse
population of students, researchers in other disciplines and
the development sector, policymakers, and the general
public. These recommendations include: (1) playing to our
strength in longitudinal, place-based research, (2)
collaborating more broadly, (3) engaging in greater public
communication of science, (4) aligning our work with
open-science practices to the extent possible, and (5)
increasing diversity of our field and teams through
intentional action, outreach, training, and
mentorship.<h4>Conclusions</h4>We EBAs need to put ourselves
out there: research and engagement are complementary, not
opposed to each other. With the resources and workable
examples we provide here, we hope to spur more EBAs to
action.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajhb.23592},
Key = {fds355698}
}
@article{fds355707,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {Hotter and sicker: External energy expenditure and the
tangled evolutionary roots of anthropogenic climate change
and chronic disease.},
Journal = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of
the Human Biology Council},
Volume = {33},
Number = {4},
Pages = {e23579},
Year = {2021},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23579},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>The dual crises of climate change and
chronic, or non-communicable, disease (NCD) have emerged
worldwide as the global economy has industrialized over the
past two centuries.<h4>Aims</h4>In this synthesis I examine
humans' dependence on external (non-metabolic) energy
expenditure (e.g., fire, fossil fuels) as a common, root
cause in these modern crises.<h4>Materials and
methods</h4>Using fossil, archeological, and historical
evidence I show that the human lineage has been dependent on
external energy sources since the control of fire in the
Paleolithic. This reliance has grown with the development of
agriculture, the use of wind- and water-power, and the most
recently with industrialization and the transition to fossil
fuels. To place industrialization in context I develop a
Rule of 50, whereby individuals in industrialized economies
consume roughly 50-times more external energy and
manufacture roughly 50-times more material than do
hunter-gatherers.<h4>Results</h4>Industrialization and
mechanization, powered by fossil fuels, have promoted
centralization and processing in food production, reduced
physical activity, and increased air pollution (including
greenhouse gas emissions). These developments have led in
turn to NCD and climate change.<h4>Discussion and
conclusion</h4>Climate change and NCD are connected both to
one another and to our species' deep evolutionary dependence
on external energy. Transitioning to carbon-free energy is
essential to reduce the existential risks of climate change,
but will likely have only modest effects on NCD. With the
impending exhaustion of oil, coal, and natural gas reserves,
developing replacements for fossil fuels is also critical to
maintaining our species' external energy
portfolio.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajhb.23579},
Key = {fds355707}
}
@article{fds357316,
Author = {Kozma, EE and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Determinants of climbing energetic costs in
humans.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Volume = {224},
Number = {13},
Pages = {jeb234567},
Year = {2021},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.234567},
Abstract = {Previous studies in primates and other animals have shown
that mass-specific cost of transport (J kg-1 m-1) for
climbing is independent of body size across species, but
little is known about within-species allometry of climbing
costs or the effects of difficulty and velocity. Here, we
assessed the effects of velocity, route difficulty and
anatomical variation on the energetic cost of climbing
within humans. Twelve experienced rock climbers climbed on
an indoor wall over a range of difficulty levels and
velocities, with energy expenditure measured via
respirometry. We found no effect of body mass or limb
proportions on mass-specific cost of transport among
subjects. Mass-specific cost of transport was negatively
correlated with climbing velocity. Increased route
difficulty was associated with slower climbing velocities
and thus higher costs, but there was no statistically
significant effect of route difficulty on energy expenditure
independent of velocity. Finally, human climbing costs
measured in this study were similar to published values for
other primates, suggesting arboreal adaptations have a
negligible effect on climbing efficiency.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.234567},
Key = {fds357316}
}
@article{fds355697,
Author = {Rosinger, AY and Bethancourt, H and Swanson, ZS and Nzunza, R and Saunders, J and Dhanasekar, S and Kenney, WL and Hu, K and Douglass, MJ and Ndiema, E and Braun, DR and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Drinking water salinity is associated with hypertension and
hyperdilute urine among Daasanach pastoralists in Northern
Kenya.},
Journal = {The Science of the total environment},
Volume = {770},
Pages = {144667},
Year = {2021},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144667},
Abstract = {Water salinity is a growing global environmental health
concern. However, little is known about the relation between
water salinity and chronic health outcomes in non-coastal,
lean populations. Daasanach pastoralists living in northern
Kenya traditionally rely on milk, yet are experiencing
socioecological changes and have expressed concerns about
the saltiness of their drinking water. Therefore, this
cross-sectional study conducted water quality analyses to
examine how water salinity, along with lifestyle factors
like milk intake, was associated with hypertension (blood
pressure BP ≥140 mm Hg systolic or ≥90 mm Hg
diastolic) and hyperdilute urine (urine specific gravity
<1.003 g/mL, indicative of altered kidney function). We
collected health biomarkers and survey data from 226
non-pregnant adults (46.9% male) aged 18+ from 134
households in 2019 along with participant observations in
2020. The salinity (total concentration of all dissolved
salts) of reported drinking water from hand-dug wells in dry
river beds, boreholes, and a pond ranged from 120 to
520 mg/L. Water from Lake Turkana and standpipes, which was
only periodically used for consumption when no other
drinking sources are available, ranged from 1100 to
2300 mg/L. Multiple logistic regression models with
standard errors clustered on households indicate that each
additional 100 mg/L of drinking water salinity was
associated with 45% (95% CI: 1.09-1.93, P = 0.010)
increased odds of hypertension and 33% (95% CI: 0.97-1.83,
P = 0.075) increased odds of hyperdilute urine adjusted
for confounders. Results were robust to multiple
specifications of the models and sensitivity analyses. Daily
milk consumption was associated with 61-63% (P < 0.01)
lower odds of both outcomes. This considerable protective
effect of milk intake may be due to the high potassium,
magnesium, and calcium contents or the protective lifestyle
considerations of moving with livestock. Our study results
demonstrate that drinking water salinity may have critical
health implications for blood pressure and kidney function
even among lean, active pastoralists.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144667},
Key = {fds355697}
}
@article{fds355115,
Author = {Wood, BM and Harris, JA and Raichlen, DA and Pontzer, H and Sayre, K and Sancilio, A and Berbesque, C and Crittenden, AN and Mabulla, A and McElreath, R and Cashdan, E and Jones, JH},
Title = {Gendered movement ecology and landscape use in Hadza
hunter-gatherers.},
Journal = {Nature human behaviour},
Volume = {5},
Number = {4},
Pages = {436-446},
Year = {2021},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-01002-7},
Abstract = {Understanding how gendered economic roles structure space
use is critical to evolutionary models of foraging
behaviour, social organization and cognition. Here, we
examine hunter-gatherer spatial behaviour on a very large
scale, using GPS devices worn by Hadza foragers to record
2,078 person-days of movement. Theory in movement ecology
suggests that the density and mobility of targeted foods
should predict spatial behaviour and that strong gender
differences should arise in a hunter-gatherer context. As
predicted, we find that men walked further per day, explored
more land, followed more sinuous paths and were more likely
to be alone. These data are consistent with the ecology of
male- and female-targeted foods and suggest that male
landscape use is more navigationally challenging in this
hunter-gatherer context. Comparisons of Hadza space use with
space use data available for non-human primates suggest that
the sexual division of labour likely co-evolved with
increased sex differences in spatial behaviour and landscape
use.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41562-020-01002-7},
Key = {fds355115}
}
@article{fds355436,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Brown, MH and Wood, BM and Raichlen, DA and Mabulla, AZP and Harris, JA and Dunsworth, H and Hare, B and Walker, K and Luke, A and Dugas, LR and Schoeller, D and Plange-Rhule, J and Bovet, P and Forrester, TE and Thompson, ME and Shumaker, RW and Rothman, JM and Vogel, E and Sulistyo, F and Alavi, S and Prasetyo, D and Urlacher, SS and Ross, SR},
Title = {Evolution of water conservation in humans.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {31},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1804-1810.e5},
Year = {2021},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.02.045},
Abstract = {To sustain life, humans and other terrestrial animals must
maintain a tight balance of water gain and water loss each
day.<sup>1-3</sup> However, the evolution of human water
balance physiology is poorly understood due to the absence
of comparative measures from other hominoids. While humans
drink daily to maintain water balance, rainforest-living
great apes typically obtain adequate water from their food
and can go days or weeks without drinking<sup>4-6</sup>.
Here, we compare isotope-depletion measures of water
turnover (L/d) in zoo- and rainforest-sanctuary-housed apes
(chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans) with 5
diverse human populations, including a hunter-gatherer
community in a semi-arid savannah. Across the entire sample,
water turnover was strongly related to total energy
expenditure (TEE, kcal/d), physical activity, climate
(ambient temperature and humidity), and fat free mass. In
analyses controlling for those factors, water turnover was
30% to 50% lower in humans than in other apes despite
humans' greater sweating capacity. Water turnover in zoo and
sanctuary apes was similar to estimated turnover in wild
populations, as was the ratio of water intake to dietary
energy intake (∼2.8 mL/kcal). However, zoo and sanctuary
apes ingested a greater ratio of water to dry matter of
food, which might contribute to digestive problems in
captivity. Compared to apes, humans appear to target a lower
ratio of water/energy intake (∼1.5 mL/kcal). Water stress
due to changes in climate, diet, and behavior apparently led
to previously unknown water conservation adaptations in
hominin physiology.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2021.02.045},
Key = {fds355436}
}
@article{fds355114,
Author = {Urlacher, SS and Snodgrass, JJ and Dugas, LR and Madimenos, FC and Sugiyama, LS and Liebert, MA and Joyce, CJ and Terán, E and Pontzer,
H},
Title = {Childhood Daily Energy Expenditure Does Not Decrease with
Market Integration and Is Not Related to Adiposity in
Amazonia.},
Journal = {The Journal of nutrition},
Volume = {151},
Number = {3},
Pages = {695-704},
Year = {2021},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa361},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Childhood overweight and obesity (OW/OB)
is increasingly centered in low- and middle-income countries
(LMICs) as rural populations experience market integration
and lifeway change. Most explanatory studies have relied on
imprecise estimates of children's energy expenditure,
restricting understanding of the relative effects of changes
in diet and energy expenditure on the development of OW/OB
in transitioning contexts.<h4>Objectives</h4>This study used
gold-standard measurements of children's energy expenditure
to investigate the changes that underlie OW/OB and the
nutrition/epidemiologic transition.<h4>Methods</h4>Cross-sectional
data were collected from "rural" (n = 43) Shuar
forager-horticulturalist children and their "peri-urban"
(n = 34) Shuar counterparts (age 4-12 y) in Amazonian
Ecuador. Doubly labeled water measurements of total energy
expenditure (TEE; kcal/d), respirometry measurements of
resting energy expenditure (REE; kcal/d), and measures of
diet, physical activity, immune activity, and market
integration were analyzed primarily using regression
models.<h4>Results</h4>Peri-urban children had higher body
fat percentage (+8.1%, P < 0.001), greater consumption of
market-acquired foods (multiple P < 0.001), lower
concentrations of immune activity biomarkers (multiple P
< 0.05), and lower REE (-108 kcal/d, P = 0.002) than
rural children. Despite these differences, peri-urban
children's TEE was indistinguishable from that of rural
children (P = 0.499). Moreover, although sample-wide IgG
concentrations and household incomes predicted REE (both P
< 0.05), no examined household, immune activity, or
physical activity measures were related to children's
overall TEE (all P > 0.09). Diet and energy expenditure
associations with adiposity demonstrate that only reported
consumption of market-acquired "protein" and "carbohydrate"
foods predicted children's body fat levels (multiple P
< 0.05).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Despite underlying patterns in
REE, Shuar children's TEE is not reliably related to market
integration and-unlike dietary measures-does not predict
adiposity. These findings suggest a leading role of changing
dietary intake in transitions to OW/OB in
LMICs.},
Doi = {10.1093/jn/nxaa361},
Key = {fds355114}
}
@article{fds355706,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {Metabolism myths},
Journal = {New Scientist},
Volume = {249},
Number = {3323},
Pages = {32-36},
Year = {2021},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0262-4079(21)00332-8},
Abstract = {To discover the truth about diet and exercise, we need to
look at our evolutionary past, says anthropologist Herman
Pontzer},
Doi = {10.1016/S0262-4079(21)00332-8},
Key = {fds355706}
}
@article{fds355708,
Author = {Speakman, JR and Yamada, Y and Sagayama, H and Berman, ESF and Ainslie,
PN and Andersen, LF and Anderson, LJ and Arab, L and Baddou, I and Bedu-Addo, K and Blaak, EE and Blanc, S and Bonomi, AG and Bouten, CVC and Bovet, P and Buchowski, MS and Butte, NF and Camps, SGJA and Close, GL and Cooper, JA and Creasy, SA and Das, SK and Cooper, R and Dugas, LR and Ebbeling, CB and Ekelund, U and Entringer, S and Forrester, T and Fudge,
BW and Goris, AH and Gurven, M and Hambly, C and El Hamdouchi and A and Hoos,
MB and Hu, S and Joonas, N and Joosen, AM and Katzmarzyk, P and Kempen, KP and Kimura, M and Kraus, WE and Kushner, RF and Lambert, EV and Leonard, WR and Lessan, N and Ludwig, DS and Martin, CK and Medin, AC and Meijer, EP and Morehen, JC and Morton, JP and Neuhouser, ML and Nicklas, TA and Ojiambo, RM and Pietiläinen, KH and Pitsiladis, YP and Plange-Rhule,
J and Plasqui, G and Prentice, RL and Rabinovich, RA and Racette, SB and Raichlen, DA and Ravussin, E and Reynolds, RM and Roberts, SB and Schuit, AJ and Sjödin, AM and Stice, E and Urlacher, SS and Valenti, G and Van Etten and LM and Van Mil and EA and Wells, JCK and Wilson, G and Wood, BM and Yanovski, J and Yoshida, T and Zhang, X and Murphy-Alford, AJ and Loechl, CU and Melanson, EL and Luke, AH and Pontzer, H and Rood, J and Schoeller, DA and Westerterp, KR and Wong, WW and IAEA DLW database
group},
Title = {A standard calculation methodology for human doubly labeled
water studies.},
Journal = {Cell Rep Med},
Volume = {2},
Number = {2},
Pages = {100203},
Year = {2021},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100203},
Abstract = {The doubly labeled water (DLW) method measures total energy
expenditure (TEE) in free-living subjects. Several equations
are used to convert isotopic data into TEE. Using the
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) DLW database
(5,756 measurements of adults and children), we show
considerable variability is introduced by different
equations. The estimated rCO2 is sensitive to the dilution
space ratio (DSR) of the two isotopes. Based on performance
in validation studies, we propose a new equation based on a
new estimate of the mean DSR. The DSR is lower at low body
masses (<10 kg). Using data for 1,021 babies and infants,
we show that the DSR varies non-linearly with body mass
between 0 and 10 kg. Using this relationship to predict DSR
from weight provides an equation for rCO2 over this size
range that agrees well with indirect calorimetry (average
difference 0.64%; SD = 12.2%). We propose adoption of these
equations in future studies.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100203},
Key = {fds355708}
}
@article{fds350297,
Author = {Bethancourt, HJ and Swanson, ZS and Nzunza, R and Huanca, T and Conde,
E and Kenney, WL and Young, SL and Ndiema, E and Braun, D and Pontzer, H and Rosinger, AY},
Title = {Hydration in relation to water insecurity, heat index, and
lactation status in two small-scale populations in hot-humid
and hot-arid environments.},
Journal = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of
the Human Biology Council},
Volume = {33},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e23447},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23447},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>This study compared the prevalence of
concentrated urine (urine specific gravity ≥1.021), an
indicator of hypohydration, across Tsimane'
hunter-forager-horticulturalists living in hot-humid lowland
Bolivia and Daasanach agropastoralists living in hot-arid
Northern Kenya. It tested the hypotheses that household
water and food insecurity would be associated with higher
odds of hypohydration.<h4>Methods</h4>This study collected
spot urine samples and corresponding weather data along with
data on household water and food insecurity, demographics,
and health characteristics among 266 Tsimane' households (N
= 224 men, 235 women, 219 children) and 136 Daasanach
households (N = 107 men, 120 women, 102 children).<h4>Results</h4>The
prevalence of hypohydration among Tsimane' men (50.0%) and
women (54.0%) was substantially higher (P < .001) than
for Daasanach men (15.9%) and women (17.5%); the prevalence
of hypohydration among Tsimane' (37.0%) and Daasanach
(31.4%) children was not significantly different (P = .33).
Multiple logistic regression models suggested positive but
not statistically significant trends between household water
insecurity and odds of hypohydration within populations, yet
some significant joint effects of water and food insecurity
were observed. Heat index (2°C) was associated with a 23%
(95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-1.40, P = .001), 34%
(95% CI: 1.18-1.53, P < .0005), and 23% (95% CI:
1.04-1.44, P = .01) higher odds of hypohydration among
Tsimane' men, women, and children, respectively, and a 48%
(95% CI: 1.02-2.15, P = .04) increase in the odds among
Daasanach women. Lactation status was also associated with
hypohydration among Tsimane' women (odds ratio = 3.35, 95%
CI: 1.62-6.95, P = .001).<h4>Conclusion</h4>These results
suggest that heat stress and reproductive status may have a
greater impact on hydration status than water insecurity
across diverse ecological contexts.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajhb.23447},
Key = {fds350297}
}
@article{fds355705,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {Metabolism myths},
Journal = {NEW SCIENTIST},
Volume = {245},
Number = {3323},
Pages = {32-36},
Year = {2021},
Key = {fds355705}
}
@article{fds355699,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {External Energy Exploitation and the Shared Evolutionary
Roots of Climate Change and Chronic Disease},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {174},
Pages = {85-86},
Year = {2021},
Key = {fds355699}
}
@article{fds355700,
Author = {Klasson, C and Sadhir, S and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Daily Physical Activity is Associated with Suppressed Immune
Activity in US Adults},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {174},
Pages = {56-56},
Year = {2021},
Key = {fds355700}
}
@article{fds355701,
Author = {Swanson, ZS and Bethancourt, H and Saunders, J and Nzunza, R and Ndiema,
E and Braun, D and Rosinger, AY and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Distinct patterns of early childhood growth represent
variation in life history strategy among Daasanach
pastoralists living in Northern Kenya},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {174},
Pages = {101-102},
Year = {2021},
Key = {fds355701}
}
@article{fds355702,
Author = {Sadhir, S and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Interbirth interval and age at first reproduction in
populations with disparate energy status},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {174},
Pages = {91-91},
Year = {2021},
Key = {fds355702}
}
@article{fds355704,
Author = {Rimbach, R and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Effects of physical activity and relatedness on metabolic
phenotype in ring-tailed lemurs},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {174},
Pages = {90-90},
Year = {2021},
Key = {fds355704}
}
@article{fds353322,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {Ranging Ecology: The View from Above.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {30},
Number = {22},
Pages = {R1378-R1380},
Year = {2020},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.029},
Abstract = {Animals use a variety of strategies to navigate their world,
but few are thought to have detailed mental maps of their
landscapes. New research with our closest relatives suggests
chimpanzees may use cognitive maps to find the most energy
efficient routes.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.029},
Key = {fds353322}
}
@article{fds355116,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Rimbach, R and Paltan, J and Ivory, EL and Kendall,
CJ},
Title = {Air temperature and diet influence body composition and
water turnover in zoo-living African elephants (Loxodonta
africana).},
Journal = {Royal Society open science},
Volume = {7},
Number = {11},
Pages = {201155},
Year = {2020},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201155},
Abstract = {African elephants, the largest land animal, face particular
physiological challenges in captivity and the wild. Captive
elephants can become over- or under-conditioned with
inadequate exercise and diet management. Few studies have
quantified body composition or water turnover in elephants,
and none to date have examined longitudinal responses to
changes in diet or air temperature. Using the stable isotope
deuterium oxide (<sup>2</sup>H<sub>2</sub>O), we
investigated changes in body mass, estimated fat-free mass
(FFM, including fat-free gut content) and body fat in
response to a multi-year intervention that reduced dietary
energy density for adult African elephants housed at the
North Carolina Zoo. We also examined the relationship
between air temperature and water turnover. Deuterium
dilution and depletion rates were assayed via blood samples
and used to calculate body composition and water turnover in
two male and three female African elephants at six intervals
over a 3-year period. Within the first year after the
dietary intervention, there was an increase in overall body
mass, a reduction in body fat percentage and an increase in
FFM. However, final values of both body fat percentage and
FFM were similar to initial values. Water turnover (males:
359 ± 9 l d<sup>-1</sup>; females: 241 ± 28 l
d<sup>-1</sup>) was consistent with the allometric scaling
of water use in other terrestrial mammals. Water turnover
increased with outdoor air temperature. Our study highlights
the physiological water dependence of elephants and shows
that individuals have to drink every 2-3 days to avoid
critical water loss of approximately 10% body mass in hot
conditions.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsos.201155},
Key = {fds355116}
}
@article{fds355117,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Rimbach, R and Paltan, J and Ivory, EL and Kendall,
CJ},
Title = {Air temperature and diet influence body composition and
water turnover in zoo-living African elephants (Loxodonta
africana): Water turnover in African elephants},
Journal = {Royal Society Open Science},
Volume = {7},
Number = {11},
Year = {2020},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201155},
Abstract = {African elephants, the largest land animal, face particular
physiological challenges in captivity and the wild. Captive
elephants can become over- or under-conditioned with
inadequate exercise and diet management. Few studies have
quantified body composition or water turnover in elephants,
and none to date have examined longitudinal responses to
changes in diet or air temperature. Using the stable isotope
deuterium oxide (2 H 2 O), we investigated changes in body
mass, estimated fat-free mass (FFM, including fat-free gut
content) and body fat in response to a multi-year
intervention that reduced dietary energy density for adult
African elephants housed at the North Carolina Zoo. We also
examined the relationship between air temperature and water
turnover. Deuterium dilution and depletion rates were
assayed via blood samples and used to calculate body
composition and water turnover in two male and three female
African elephants at six intervals over a 3-year period.
Within the first year after the dietary intervention, there
was an increase in overall body mass, a reduction in body
fat percentage and an increase in FFM. However, final values
of both body fat percentage and FFM were similar to initial
values. Water turnover (males: 359 ± 9 l d -1; females: 241
± 28 l d -1) was consistent with the allometric scaling of
water use in other terrestrial mammals. Water turnover
increased with outdoor air temperature. Our study highlights
the physiological water dependence of elephants and shows
that individuals have to drink every 2-3 days to avoid
critical water loss of approximately 10% body mass in hot
conditions.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsos.201155},
Key = {fds355117}
}
@article{fds355118,
Author = {Sayre, MK and Pontzer, H and Alexander, GE and Wood, BM and Pike, IL and Mabulla, AZP and Raichlen, DA},
Title = {Ageing and physical function in East African foragers and
pastoralists.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {375},
Number = {1811},
Pages = {20190608},
Year = {2020},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0608},
Abstract = {Human lifespans are exceptionally long compared with those
of other primates. A key element in exploring the evolution
of human longevity is understanding how modern humans grow
older. Our current understanding of common age-related
changes in human health and function stems mostly from
studies in industrialized societies, where older adulthood
is often associated with an increased incidence of chronic
diseases. However, individuals who engage in different
lifestyles across industrialized and non-industrialized
contexts may display variance in age-related changes in
health and function. Here, we explore aspects of physical
function in a non-industrialized context using three
objective measures of physical function. We assessed
physical activity levels, walking endurance and muscle
strength in two East African populations: Hadza
hunter-gatherers in Tanzania and Pokot pastoralists in
Kenya. Both Hadza and Pokot participants displayed
significant age-related differences in most, but not all,
functional measures. Our results suggest that some
age-related differences in physical function seen in
industrialized contexts could be consistently experienced by
most humans, while other age-related differences may vary
across populations. Studies of ageing should expand to
include a broad range of populations so we can create a more
comprehensive understanding of how senescence varies across
different lifestyle contexts. This article is part of the
theme issue 'Evolution of the primate ageing
process'.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2019.0608},
Key = {fds355118}
}
@article{fds355119,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Raichlen, D},
Title = {How to sit},
Journal = {New Scientist},
Volume = {247},
Number = {3291},
Pages = {28-32},
Year = {2020},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0262-4079(20)31249-5},
Abstract = {Far from being a fast track to ill-health, sitting can be
good for us, find Herman Pontzer and David Raichlen. The
trick is how you do it},
Doi = {10.1016/S0262-4079(20)31249-5},
Key = {fds355119}
}
@article{fds350298,
Author = {Bethancourt, H and Swanson, Z and Huanca, T and Conde, E and Saunders,
J and Dhanasekar, S and Young, S and Nzunza, R and Pontzer, H and Rosinger,
A},
Title = {Prevalence and predictors of dehydration across distinct
water insecure contexts: The Water Insecurity, Stress, and
Hydration (WISH) study among Tsimane' in lowland Bolivia and
Daasanach in northern Kenya},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY},
Volume = {32},
Pages = {1 pages},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2020},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds350298}
}
@article{fds350299,
Author = {Swanson, ZS and Bethancourt, H and Saunders, J and Dhanasekar, S and Nzunza, R and Rosinger, AY and Pontzer, H},
Title = {The effect of lifestyle variation on health and life history
in Daasanach pastoralists of Northern Kenya},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY},
Volume = {32},
Pages = {1 pages},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2020},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds350299}
}
@article{fds350300,
Author = {Raichlen, DA and Pontzer, H and Zderic, TW and Harris, JA and Mabulla,
AZP and Hamilton, MT and Wood, BM},
Title = {Sitting, squatting, and the evolutionary biology of human
inactivity.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {117},
Number = {13},
Pages = {7115-7121},
Year = {2020},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1911868117},
Abstract = {Recent work suggests human physiology is not well adapted to
prolonged periods of inactivity, with time spent sitting
increasing cardiovascular disease and mortality risk. Health
risks from sitting are generally linked with reduced levels
of muscle contractions in chair-sitting postures and
associated reductions in muscle metabolism. These
inactivity-associated health risks are somewhat paradoxical,
since evolutionary pressures tend to favor energy-minimizing
strategies, including rest. Here, we examined inactivity in
a hunter-gatherer population (the Hadza of Tanzania) to
understand how sedentary behaviors occur in a nonindustrial
economic context more typical of humans' evolutionary
history. We tested the hypothesis that nonambulatory rest in
hunter-gatherers involves increased muscle activity that is
different from chair-sitting sedentary postures used in
industrialized populations. Using a combination of
objectively measured inactivity from thigh-worn
accelerometers, observational data, and electromygraphic
data, we show that hunter-gatherers have high levels of
total nonambulatory time (mean ± SD = 9.90 ± 2.36 h/d),
similar to those found in industrialized populations.
However, nonambulatory time in Hadza adults often occurs in
postures like squatting, and we show that these "active
rest" postures require higher levels of lower limb muscle
activity than chair sitting. Based on our results, we
introduce the Inactivity Mismatch Hypothesis and propose
that human physiology is likely adapted to more consistently
active muscles derived from both physical activity and from
nonambulatory postures with higher levels of muscle
contraction. Interventions built on this model may help
reduce the negative health impacts of inactivity in
industrialized populations.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1911868117},
Key = {fds350300}
}
@article{fds370085,
Author = {Wood, BM and Pontzer, H and Harris, JA and Mabulla, AZP and Hamilton,
MT and Zderic, TW and Beheim, BA and Raichlen, DA},
Title = {Step Counts From Satellites: Methods for Integrating
Accelerometer and GPS Data for More Accurate Measures of
Pedestrian Travel},
Journal = {Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour},
Volume = {3},
Number = {1},
Pages = {58-66},
Year = {2020},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jmpb.2019-0016},
Abstract = {The rapid adoption of lightweight activity tracking sensors
demonstrates that precise measures of physical activity hold
great value for a wide variety of applications. The
corresponding growth of physical activity data creates an
urgent need for methods to integrate such data. In this
paper, we demonstrate methods for 1) synchronizing
accelerometer and Global Positioning System (GPS) data with
optimal corrections for device-related time drift, and 2)
producing principled estimates of step counts from GPS data.
These methods improve the accuracy of time-resolved physical
activity measures and permit pedestrian travel from either
sensor to be expressed in terms of a common currency, step
counts. We show that sensor-based estimates of step length
correspond well with expectations based on independent
measures, and functional relationships between step length,
height, and movement speed expected from biomechanical
models. Using 123 person-days of data in which Hadza
hunter-gatherers wore both GPS devices and accelerometers,
we find that GPS-based estimates of daily step counts have a
good correspondence with accelerometer-recorded values. A
multivariate linear model predicting daily step counts from
distance walked, mean movement speed, and height has an R2
value of 0.96 and a mean absolute percent error of 16.8%
(mean absolute error = 1,354 steps; mean steps per day =
15,800; n = 123). To best represent step count estimation
error, we fit a Bayesian model and plot the distributions of
step count estimates it generates. Our methods more
accurately situate accelerometer-based measures of physical
activity in space and time, and provide new avenues for
comparative research in biomechanics and human movement
ecology.},
Doi = {10.1123/jmpb.2019-0016},
Key = {fds370085}
}
@article{fds350301,
Author = {Swanson, ZS and Bethancourt, H and Saunders, J and Nzunza, R and Rosinger, AY and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Distinct early growth trajectory among Daasanach
pastoralists of Northern Kenya},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {171},
Pages = {278-278},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2020},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds350301}
}
@article{fds350302,
Author = {Rimbach, R and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Follow my lead: energy expenditures in utero resemble
maternal allometry in humans and chimpanzees},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {171},
Pages = {235-235},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2020},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds350302}
}
@article{fds350303,
Author = {Urlacher, SS and Sharma, A and Gilbert, JA and Pontzer, H and Snodgrass,
JJ and Gildner, TE and Madimenos, FC and Liebert, MA and Sugiyama, LS and Dugas, LR},
Title = {Childhood gut microbiome composition among the Amazonian
Shuar: Testing links to changing diet, lifestyle, energy
expenditure, and health},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {171},
Pages = {290-291},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2020},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds350303}
}
@article{fds350304,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {High energy apes on a hot planet: the challenge of fueling
an increasingly energy hungry hominin},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {171},
Pages = {221-221},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2020},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds350304}
}
@article{fds350305,
Author = {Hora, M and Pontzer, H and Defrate, LE and Charles, HC and Sladek, V and Mcginnis, A},
Title = {Effect of gait and velocity on in-vivo tibial loading in
humans},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {171},
Pages = {124-124},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2020},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds350305}
}
@article{fds350306,
Author = {Ford, LB and Bethancourt, H and Swanson, Z and Young, S and Nzunze, R and Pontzer, H and Rosinger, AY},
Title = {Human biology among daasanach pastoralists in northern
kenya: Water insecurity, water borrowing, and psychosocial
stress},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {171},
Pages = {88-88},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2020},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds350306}
}
@article{fds350307,
Author = {Kozma, EE and Morgan, DB and Sanz, CM and Pontzer,
H},
Title = {Climbing and Canopy access in Human Foragers is not limited
by Grip Strength or Endurance},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {171},
Pages = {148-148},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2020},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds350307}
}
@article{fds350308,
Author = {Saunders, J and Swanson, ZS and Bethancourt, H and Dhanasekar, S and Nzunza, R and Rosinger, AY and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Human Biology and the Koobi Fora Field School: New Work with
the Daasanach, a Small-Scale Pastoralist
Population},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {171},
Pages = {248-248},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2020},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds350308}
}
@article{fds350309,
Author = {Webb, NM and Harcourt-Smith, WEH and Pontzer, H and Haeusler, M and Grabowski, M},
Title = {How to make a bipedal primate: 1 part phylogeny, 2 parts
selection and a pinch of body size},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {171},
Pages = {303-303},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2020},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds350309}
}
@article{fds350310,
Author = {Rosinger, AY and Bethancourt, H and Swanson, ZS and Saunders, J and Dhanasekar, S and Kenney, WL and Young, SL and Nzunza, R and Pontzer,
H},
Title = {Dam health effects: Drinking water salinity is a key risk
factor for hypertension and dilute urine among Daasanach
pastoralists in Northern Kenya},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {171},
Pages = {239-239},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2020},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds350310}
}
@article{fds350311,
Author = {Stoner, L and Pontzer, H and Barone Gibbs and B and Moore, JB and Castro,
N and Skidmore, P and Lark, S and Williams, MA and Hamlin, MJ and Faulkner,
J},
Title = {Fitness and Fatness Are Both Associated with Cardiometabolic
Risk in Preadolescents.},
Journal = {The Journal of pediatrics},
Volume = {217},
Pages = {39-45.e1},
Year = {2020},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.09.076},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>To determine the associations between
cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and fatness
(overweight-obesity) with cardiometabolic disease risk among
preadolescent children.<h4>Study design</h4>This
cross-sectional study recruited 392 children (50% female,
8-10 years of age). Overweight-obesity was classified
according to 2007 World Health Organization criteria for
body mass index. High CRF was categorized as a maximum
oxygen uptake, determined using a shuttle run test,
exceeding 35 mL·kg<sup>-1</sup>·minute<sup>-1</sup> in
girls and 42 mL·kg<sup>-1</sup>·minute<sup>-1</sup> in
boys. Eleven traditional and novel cardiometabolic risk
factors were measured including lipids, glucose, glycated
hemoglobin, peripheral and central blood pressure, and
arterial wave reflection. Factor analysis identified
underlying cardiometabolic disease risk factors and a
cardiometabolic disease risk summary score. Two-way analysis
of covariance determined the associations between CRF and
fatness with cardiometabolic disease risk
factors.<h4>Results</h4>Factor analysis revealed four
underlying factors: blood pressure, cholesterol, vascular
health, and carbohydrate-metabolism. Only CRF was
significantly (P = .001) associated with the blood
pressure factor. Only fatness associated with vascular
health (P = .010) and carbohydrate metabolism (P = .005)
factors. For the cardiometabolic disease risk summary score,
there was an interaction effect. High CRF was associated
with decreased cardiometabolic disease risk in
overweight-obese but not normal weight children
(P = .006). Conversely, high fatness was associated with
increased cardiometabolic disease risk in low fit but not
high fit children (P < .001).<h4>Conclusions</h4>In
preadolescent children, CRF and fatness explain different
components of cardiometabolic disease risk. However, high
CRF may moderate the relationship between fatness and
cardiometabolic disease risk.<h4>Trial registration</h4>ACTRN 12614000433606.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.09.076},
Key = {fds350311}
}
@article{fds350312,
Author = {Hora, M and Pontzer, H and Wall-Scheffler, CM and Sládek,
V},
Title = {Dehydration and persistence hunting in Homo
erectus.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {138},
Pages = {102682},
Year = {2020},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.102682},
Abstract = {Persistence hunting has been suggested to be a key strategy
for meat acquisition in Homo erectus. However, prolonged
locomotion in hot conditions is associated with considerable
water losses due to sweating. Consequently, dehydration has
been proposed to be a critical limiting factor, effectively
curtailing the usefulness of persistence hunting prior to
the invention of water containers. In this study, we aimed
to determine the extent to which dehydration limited
persistence hunting in H. erectus. We simulated ambient
conditions and spatiotemporal characteristics of nine
previously reported persistence hunts in the Kalahari. We
used a newly developed and validated heat exchange model to
estimate the water loss in H. erectus and a recent Kalahari
hunter. Water loss equivalent to 10% of the hunter's body
mass was considered the physiological limit of a hunt with
no drinking. Our criterion for ruling dehydration out of
being a limit for persistence hunting was the ability to
hunt without drinking for at least 5 h, as this was the
longest duration reported for a successful persistence hunt
of large prey. Our results showed that H. erectus would
reach the dehydration limit in 5.5-5.7 h of persistence
hunting at the reported Kalahari conditions, which we argue
represent a conservative model also for Early Pleistocene
East Africa. Maximum hunt duration without drinking was
negatively related to the relative body surface area of the
hunter. Moreover, H. erectus would be able to persistence
hunt over 5 h without drinking despite possible deviations
from modern-like heat dissipation capacity, aerobic
capacity, and locomotor economy. We conclude that
H. erectus could persistence hunt large prey without the
need to carry water.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.102682},
Key = {fds350312}
}
@article{fds350313,
Author = {Swanson, ZS and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Water turnover among human populations: Effects of
environment and lifestyle.},
Journal = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of
the Human Biology Council},
Volume = {32},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e23365},
Year = {2020},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23365},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>To discuss the environmental and
lifestyle determinants of water balance in humans and
identify the gaps in current research regarding water use
across populations.<h4>Methods</h4>We investigated
intraspecific variation in water turnover by comparing data
derived from a large number of human populations measured
using either dietary survey or isotope tracking. We also
used published data from a broad sample of mammalian species
to identify the interspecific relationship between body mass
and water turnover.<h4>Results</h4>Water facilitates nearly
all physiological tasks and water turnover is strongly
related to body size among mammals (r2=0.90). Within humans,
however, the effect of body size is small. Instead, water
intake and turnover vary with lifestyle and environmental
conditions. Notably, despite living physically active lives
in conditions that should increase water demands, the
available measures of water intake and turnover among
small-scale farming and pastoralist communities are broadly
similar to those in less active, industrialized
populations.<h4>Conclusions</h4>More work is required to
better understand the environmental, behavioral, and
cultural determinants of water turnover in humans living
across a variety of ecosystems and lifestyles. The results
of such work are made more vital by the climate crisis,
which threatens the water security of millions around the
globe.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajhb.23365},
Key = {fds350313}
}
@article{fds350314,
Author = {Urlacher, SS and Snodgrass, JJ and Dugas, LR and Sugiyama, LS and Liebert, MA and Joyce, CJ and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Constraint and trade-offs regulate energy expenditure during
childhood.},
Journal = {Science advances},
Volume = {5},
Number = {12},
Pages = {eaax1065},
Year = {2019},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax1065},
Abstract = {Children's metabolic energy expenditure is central to
evolutionary and epidemiological frameworks for
understanding variation in human phenotype and health.
Nonetheless, the impact of a physically active lifestyle and
heavy burden of infectious disease on child metabolism
remains unclear. Using energetic, activity, and biomarker
measures, we show that Shuar forager-horticulturalist
children of Amazonian Ecuador are ~25% more physically
active and, in association with immune activity, have ~20%
greater resting energy expenditure than children from
industrial populations. Despite these differences, Shuar
children's total daily energy expenditure, measured using
doubly labeled water, is indistinguishable from
industrialized counterparts. Trade-offs in energy allocation
between competing physiological tasks, within a constrained
energy budget, appear to shape childhood phenotypic
variation (e.g., patterns of growth). These trade-offs may
contribute to the lifetime obesity and metabolic health
disparities that emerge during rapid economic
development.},
Doi = {10.1126/sciadv.aax1065},
Key = {fds350314}
}
@article{fds346486,
Author = {Horiuchi, M and Kirihara, Y and Fukuoka, Y and Pontzer,
H},
Title = {Sex differences in respiratory and circulatory cost during
hypoxic walking: potential impact on oxygen
saturation.},
Journal = {Scientific reports},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {9550},
Year = {2019},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44844-6},
Abstract = {Energy expenditure (EE) during treadmill walking under
normal conditions (normobaric normoxia, 21% O<sub>2</sub>)
and moderate hypoxia (13% O<sub>2</sub>) was measured. Ten
healthy young men and ten healthy young women walked on a
level (0°) gradient a range of speeds (0.67-1.67 m s<sup>-1</sup>).
During walking, there were no significant differences in
reductions in arterial oxygen saturation (SpO<sub>2</sub>)
between the sexes. The hypoxia-induced increase in EE, heart
rate (HR [bpm]) and ventilation ([Formula: see text] [L
min<sup>-1</sup>]) were calculated. Using a multivariate
model that combined EE, [Formula: see text], and HR to
predict ΔSpO<sub>2</sub> (hypoxia-induced reduction), a
very strong fit model both for men (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.900,
P < 0.001) and for women was obtained
(r<sup>2</sup> = 0.957, P < 0.001). The
contributions of EE, VE, and HR to ΔSpO<sub>2</sub> were
markedly different between men and women. [Formula: see
text] and EE had a stronger effect on ΔSpO<sub>2</sub> in
women ([Formula: see text]: 4.1% in women vs. 1.7% in men;
EE: 28.1% in women vs. 15.8% in men), while HR had a greater
effect in men (82.5% in men and 67.9% in women). These
findings suggested that high-altitude adaptation in response
to hypoxemia has different underlying mechanisms between men
and women. These results can help to explain how to adapt
high-altitude for men and women, respectively.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-44844-6},
Key = {fds346486}
}
@article{fds346487,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {Step on it},
Journal = {New Scientist},
Volume = {242},
Number = {3234},
Pages = {34-37},
Year = {2019},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0262-4079(19)31086-3},
Abstract = {We know exercise is good for us. But how much do we need?
Anthropologist Herman Pontzer has the answer},
Doi = {10.1016/S0262-4079(19)31086-3},
Key = {fds346487}
}
@article{fds346488,
Author = {Thurber, C and Dugas, LR and Ocobock, C and Carlson, B and Speakman, JR and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Extreme events reveal an alimentary limit on sustained
maximal human energy expenditure.},
Journal = {Science advances},
Volume = {5},
Number = {6},
Pages = {eaaw0341},
Year = {2019},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw0341},
Abstract = {The limits on maximum sustained energy expenditure are
unclear but are of interest because they constrain
reproduction, thermoregulation, and physical activity. Here,
we show that sustained expenditure in humans, measured as
maximum sustained metabolic scope (SusMS), is a function of
event duration. We compiled measurements of total energy
expenditure (TEE) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) from human
endurance events and added new data from adults running ~250
km/week for 20 weeks in a transcontinental race. For events
lasting 0.5 to 250+ days, SusMS decreases curvilinearly with
event duration, plateauing below 3× BMR. This relationship
differs from that of shorter events (e.g., marathons).
Incorporating data from overfeeding studies, we find
evidence for an alimentary energy supply limit in humans of
~2.5× BMR; greater expenditure requires drawing down the
body's energy stores. Transcontinental race data suggest
that humans can partially reduce TEE during long events to
extend endurance.},
Doi = {10.1126/sciadv.aaw0341},
Key = {fds346488}
}
@article{fds346489,
Author = {Horiuchi, M and Kirihara, YH and Fukuoka, Y and Pontzer,
H},
Title = {Sex Differences In Respiratory And Circulatory Cost And
Arterial Oxygen Saturation During Hypoxic
Walking},
Journal = {Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise},
Volume = {51},
Number = {6S},
Pages = {458-458},
Publisher = {Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)},
Year = {2019},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000561874.25337.90},
Doi = {10.1249/01.mss.0000561874.25337.90},
Key = {fds346489}
}
@article{fds342247,
Author = {Gurven, M and Trumble, B and Stieglitz, J and Cummings, D and Kaplan, H and Blackwell, AD and Yetish, G and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Methodological differences cannot explain associations
between health, anthropometrics, and excess resting
metabolic rate.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {169},
Number = {1},
Pages = {197-198},
Year = {2019},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23811},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23811},
Key = {fds342247}
}
@article{fds342246,
Author = {Rosinger, AY and Pontzer, H and Raichlen, DA and Wood, BM and Tanner,
SN and Sands, JM},
Title = {Age-related decline in urine concentration may not be
universal: Comparative study from the U.S. and two
small-scale societies.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {168},
Number = {4},
Pages = {705-716},
Year = {2019},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23788},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Evidence from industrialized populations
suggests that urine concentrating ability declines with age.
However, lifestyle factors including episodic protein intake
and low hypertension may help explain differences between
populations. Whether this age-related decline occurs among
small-scale populations with active lifestyles and
non-Western diets is unknown. We test the universality of
age-related urine concentration decline.<h4>Materials and
methods</h4>We used urine specific gravity (Usg) and urine
osmolality (Uosm) data from 15,055 U.S. nonpregnant adults
without kidney failure aged 18-80 in 2007-2012 participating
in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
(NHANES). We tested the relationship of age on urine
concentration biomarkers with multiple linear regressions
using survey commands. We compared results to longitudinal
data on Usg from 116 Tsimane' forager-horticulturalists (266
observations) adults aged 18-83 in 2013-2014 from Lowland
Bolivia, and to 38 Hadza hunter-gatherers (156 observations)
aged 18-75 in 2010-2015 from Tanzania using random-effects
panel linear regressions.<h4>Results</h4>Among U.S. adults,
age was significantly negatively associated with Usg
(Adjusted beta [B] = -0.0009 g/mL/10 years;
SE = 0.0001; p < 0.001) and Uosm (B = -28.1
mOsm/kg/10 yr; SE = 2.4; p < 0.001). In contrast,
among Tsimane' (B = 0.0003 g/mL/10 yr;
SE = 0.0002; p = 0.16) and Hadza
(B = -0.0004 g/mL/10 yr; SE = 0.0004;
p = 0.29) age was not associated with Usg. Older
Tsimane' and Hadza exhibited similar within-individual
variability in Usg equivalent to younger
adults.<h4>Discussion</h4>While U.S. adults exhibited
age-related declines in urine concentration, Tsimane' and
Hadza adults did not exhibit the same statistical decline in
Usg. Mismatches between evolved physiology and modern
environments in lifestyle may affect kidney physiology and
disease risk.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23788},
Key = {fds342246}
}
@article{fds337776,
Author = {Ocobock, C and Overbeck, A and Carlson, C and Royer, C and Mervenne, A and Thurber, C and Dugas, LR and Carlson, B and Pontzer,
H},
Title = {Sustained high levels of physical activity lead to improved
performance among "Race Across the USA" athletes.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {168},
Number = {4},
Pages = {789-794},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23781},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>To investigate physiological and
performance adaptations associated with extremely high daily
sustained physical activity levels, we followed six runners
participating in the 2015 Race Across the USA. Participants
completed over 42.2 km a day for 140 days, covering nearly
5,000 km. This analysis examines the improvement in
running speed and potential adaptation in mean submaximal
heart rate (SHR) throughout the race.<h4>Methods</h4>Data
were collected during three 1-week long periods
corresponding to the race beginning, middle, and end and
included heart rates (HRs), body mass, running distances and
speeds. HR data were collected using ActiTrainer HR
monitors. Running speeds and distances were also recorded
throughout the entire race.<h4>Results</h4>Athletes ran
significantly faster as the race progressed (p < .001),
reducing their mean marathon time by over 63 min. Observed
mean SHR during the middle of the race was significantly
lower than at the beginning (p = .003); however, there
was no significant difference between mean SHR at the middle
and end of the race (p = .998).<h4>Conclusion</h4>These
results indicate an early training effect in SHR during the
first half of the race, which suggests that other
physiological and biomechanical mechanisms were responsible
for the continued improvement in running speed and
adaptation to the high levels of sustained physical
activity.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23781},
Key = {fds337776}
}
@article{fds342881,
Author = {Christopher, L and Madimenos, FC and Bribiescas, RG and Urlacher, SS and Snodgrass, JJ and Sugiyama, LS and Pontzer, H},
Title = {High energy requirements and water throughput of adult Shuar
forager-horticulturalists of Amazonian Ecuador.},
Journal = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of
the Human Biology Council},
Volume = {31},
Number = {2},
Pages = {e23223},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23223},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>We measured total energy expenditure
(TEE; kcal/d) and water throughput (L/d) among Shuar
forager-horticulturalists from Amazonian Ecuador to compare
their daily energy and water demands to adults in other
small-scale and industrialized populations.<h4>Methods</h4>TEE
and water throughput were measured using the doubly labeled
water method among 15 Shuar adults (eight women, seven men;
age range 18-60 years) living in a relatively remote
village. We used multiple regression to assess the effects
of anthropometric variables (body size, fat free mass, age,
and sex) on TEE and water throughput. We also compared Shuar
TEE and water throughput to those of other small-scale and
industrialized societies.<h4>Results</h4>TEE among Shuar
adults (men: 4141 ± 645 kcal/d, women: 2536 ±
281 kcal/d) was most strongly correlated with fat free
mass. Estimated physical activity levels (PAL) calculated as
(TEE/estimated BMR), were greater for men (2.34 ± 0.29)
than women (1.83 ± 0.14, P < 0.001). Water
throughput was also greater among Shuar men
(9.37 ± 2.34 L/d) than women (4.76 ± 0.36 L/d,
P < 0.001). Shuar TEE and water throughput were elevated
compared to adults in industrialized populations.<h4>Discussion</h4>TEE
and PAL of Shuar men are among the highest recorded during
normal daily life, and likely reflect both high levels of
physical activity and cultural dietary practices. Drinking
large amounts of chicha, a traditional carbohydrate-rich
drink made from manioc, likely contributes to the high
levels of water throughput among Shuar men, and may
contribute to elevated TEE.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajhb.23223},
Key = {fds342881}
}
@article{fds342248,
Author = {Hora, M and Pontzer, H and Sladek, V},
Title = {Persistence hunting in Levant: Both Neandertals and modern
humans could run down a horse},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {168},
Pages = {107-107},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds342248}
}
@article{fds342249,
Author = {Kozma, EE and Pontzer, H and Sanz, C and Morgan, D},
Title = {Arboreal Positional Behavior in Humans, Chimpanzees, and
Gorillas},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {168},
Pages = {131-131},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds342249}
}
@article{fds342250,
Author = {Swanson, ZS and Pontzer, H and Luke, A and Dugas, LR and Steiper,
ME},
Title = {The effect of the alpha-actinin 3 (ACTN3) R577X polymorphism
and mtDNA on energy expenditure in modern
humans},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {168},
Pages = {242-243},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds342250}
}
@article{fds342251,
Author = {Sayre, MK and Pontzer, H and Wood, BA and Alexander, GA and Raichlen,
DA},
Title = {Influence of physical activity on aging and frailty in human
foragers},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {168},
Pages = {217-217},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds342251}
}
@article{fds342252,
Author = {Wood, BM and Harris, JA and Vashro, L and Sayre, MK and Raichlen, DA and Pontzer, H and Sancilio, A and Berbesque, JC and Crittenden, AN and Mabulla, AZP and Jones, JH and Cashdan, E},
Title = {Hadza Hunter-Gatherers Exhibit Gender Differences in Space
Use and Spatial Cognition Consistent with the Ecology of
Male and Female Targeted Foods},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {168},
Pages = {273-274},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds342252}
}
@article{fds342253,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Brown, MH and Raichlen, DA and Wood, BM and Luke, A and Dugas, LR and Ross, SR},
Title = {Water throughput in humans and apes},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY},
Volume = {31},
Number = {2},
Pages = {1 pages},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds342253}
}
@article{fds342254,
Author = {Urlacher, SS and Snodgrass, JJ and Dugas, LR and Madimenos, FC and Sugiyama, LS and Pontzer, H},
Title = {The energetic ecology of childhood: Tradeoffs in energy
allocation and the impact of market integration on ontogeny
and health},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY},
Volume = {31},
Number = {2},
Pages = {1 pages},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds342254}
}
@article{fds342255,
Author = {Levy, SB and Sancilio, A and Christopher, L and Madimenos, FC and Urlacher, SS and Snodgrass, JJ and Sugiyama, LS and Pontzer, H and Bribiescas, RG},
Title = {An assessment of urinary triiodothyronine (T3) levels as a
biomarker of thyroid hormone action: preliminary data from
the Shuar Health and Life History Project},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY},
Volume = {31},
Number = {2},
Pages = {1 pages},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds342255}
}
@article{fds350315,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {EVOLVED TO EXERCISE},
Journal = {SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN},
Volume = {320},
Number = {1},
Pages = {24-31},
Publisher = {SPRINGER},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds350315}
}
@article{fds350316,
Author = {Speakman, JR and Pontzer, H and Rood, J and Sagayama, H and Schoeller,
DA and Westerterp, KR and Wong, WW and Yamada, Y and Loechl, C and Murphy-Alford, AJ},
Title = {The International Atomic Energy Agency International Doubly
Labelled Water Database: Aims, Scope and
Procedures.},
Journal = {Annals of nutrition & metabolism},
Volume = {75},
Number = {2},
Pages = {114-118},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000503668},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>The doubly labelled water (DLW) method is
an isotope-based technique that quantifies total energy
expenditure (TEE) over periods of 1-3 weeks from the
differential elimination of stable isotopes of oxygen and
hydrogen. The method was invented in the 1950s, but limited
ability to measure low isotope enrichments combined with the
high cost of isotopes meant it only became feasible to use
in humans in the 1980s. It is still relatively expensive to
use, and alone small samples are unable to tackle some of
the important questions surrounding energy balance such as
how have expenditures changed over time and how do
expenditures differ with age, between sexes and in different
environments?<h4>Summary</h4>By combining information across
studies, answers to such questions may be possible. The
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) DLW database was
established to pool DLW data across multiple studies. It was
initiated by the main labs currently using the method and is
hosted by the IAEA. At present, the database contains 6,621
measures of TEE by DLW from individuals in 23 countries,
along with various additional data on the study
participants. Key Messages: The IAEA DLW database is a key
resource enabling future studies of energy
demands.},
Doi = {10.1159/000503668},
Key = {fds350316}
}
@misc{fds346490,
Author = {Raichlen, DA and Webber, JT and Pontzer, H},
Title = {The evolution of the human endurance phenotype},
Pages = {135-147},
Booktitle = {Routledge Handbook of Sport and Exercise Systems
Genetics},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9781138504851},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315146287-11},
Abstract = {Aerobic activities are those which can be sustained entirely
by oxygen-based metabolism. The rate of oxygen consumption
during an activity, called VO2, is often used as a measure
of energy for aerobic activities. Activity costs tend to
increase with body size, and so to account for differences
in body size, energy expenditure during an activity is often
expressed as metabolic equivalents, the ratio of activity
energy expenditure to basal metabolic rate. Comparative
biology offers a valuable methodological approach to examine
evolutionary physiology in living taxa. By comparing
performance or morphology in humans and our closest living
relatives, the great apes can better understand how, and
potentially when, major changes in evolutionary physiology
occurred. Reconstructions of locomotion and behavior in the
earliest hominins generally suggest that, although they
walked bipedally, in many respects they more closely
resemble nonhuman great apes in activity patterns and
behavior.},
Doi = {10.4324/9781315146287-11},
Key = {fds346490}
}
@article{fds342257,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Wood, BM and Raichlen, DA},
Title = {Hunter-gatherers as models in public health.},
Journal = {Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International
Association for the Study of Obesity},
Volume = {19 Suppl 1},
Pages = {24-35},
Year = {2018},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/obr.12785},
Abstract = {Hunter-gatherer populations are remarkable for their
excellent metabolic and cardiovascular health and thus are
often used as models in public health, in an effort to
understand the root, evolutionary causes of non-communicable
diseases. Here, we review recent work on health, activity,
energetics and diet among hunter-gatherers and other
small-scale societies (e.g. subsistence farmers,
horticulturalists and pastoralists), as well as recent
fossil and archaeological discoveries, to provide a more
comprehensive perspective on lifestyle and health in these
populations. We supplement these analyses with new data from
the Hadza, a hunter-gatherer population in northern
Tanzania. Longevity among small-scale populations approaches
that of industrialized populations, and metabolic and
cardiovascular disease are rare. Obesity prevalence is very
low (<5%), and mean body fat percentage is modest (women:
24-28%, men: 9-18%). Activity levels are high, exceeding
100 min d<sup>-1</sup> of moderate and vigorous physical
activity, but daily energy expenditures are similar to
industrialized populations. Diets in hunter-gatherer and
other small-scale societies tend to be less energy dense and
richer in fibre and micronutrients than modern diets but are
not invariably low carbohydrate as sometimes argued. A more
integrative understanding of hunter-gatherer health and
lifestyle, including elements beyond diet and activity, will
improve public health efforts in industrialized
populations.},
Doi = {10.1111/obr.12785},
Key = {fds342257}
}
@article{fds342258,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {Method and rationale for recalculating dilution spaces to a
single, common time point in doubly labeled water
studies.},
Journal = {European journal of clinical nutrition},
Volume = {72},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1620-1624},
Year = {2018},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41430-018-0361-1},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>The doubly labeled water (DLW) method has
become widely used in studies of energy expenditure and body
composition. Researchers differ in the analytical methods
used to calculate the dilution spaces for deuterium and
oxygen-18. Some determine dilution spaces using isotope
enrichments extrapolated to the instant of dosing with DLW
(slope-intercept method), but others use measured
enrichments from body water samples obtained 3-10 h after
dosing (plateau method). These differences limit the
comparability of analyses across labs.<h4>Methods</h4>I
derive a simple mathematical approach for recalculating
reported dilution spaces to any time point post dosing,
using reported dilution spaces and rates of isotope
depletion. Simulated data are used to examine the effects of
different dilution space protocols.<h4>Results</h4>Recalculating
dilution spaces enables researchers to determine outcome
variables of interest (e.g., total body water, energy
expenditure, and water throughput) from different labs under
a unified protocol for determining dilution spaces, and
improves comparisons among studies.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Differences
between dilution space protocols can lead to substantial
differences in outcome variables of interest in DLW studies.
When comparing results of DLW studies that employ different
dilution space protocols, dilution spaces should be
recalculated for a common time point, and outcome variables
recalculated as needed, prior to comparison across
studies.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41430-018-0361-1},
Key = {fds342258}
}
@article{fds342256,
Author = {Machanda, Z and Brazeau, N and Castillo, E and Otarola-Castillo, E and Pontzer, H and Emery Thompson and M and Muller, M and Wrangham,
R},
Title = {MUSCULOSKELETAL GROWTH IN WILD CHIMPANZEES WITH IMPLICATIONS
FOR SOCIAL BEHAVIOR},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {80},
Pages = {1 pages},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds342256}
}
@article{fds339328,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {Energy Constraint as a Novel Mechanism Linking Exercise and
Health.},
Journal = {Physiology (Bethesda, Md.)},
Volume = {33},
Number = {6},
Pages = {384-393},
Year = {2018},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00027.2018},
Abstract = {Humans and other species adapt dynamically to changes in
daily physical activity, maintaining total energy
expenditure within a narrow range. Chronic exercise thus
suppresses other physiological activity, including immunity,
reproduction, and stress response. This exercise-induced
downregulation improves health at moderate levels of
physical activity but can be detrimental at extreme
workloads.},
Doi = {10.1152/physiol.00027.2018},
Key = {fds339328}
}
@article{fds337752,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {Alternative Energy Physiological evolution in the human
lineage},
Journal = {NATURAL HISTORY},
Volume = {126},
Number = {8},
Pages = {37-39},
Publisher = {NATURAL HISTORY MAGAZINE},
Year = {2018},
Month = {September},
Key = {fds337752}
}
@article{fds337753,
Author = {Gagnon, CM and Steiper, ME and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Elite swimmers do not exhibit a body mass index trade-off
across a wide range of event distances.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {285},
Number = {1882},
Pages = {20180684},
Year = {2018},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0684},
Abstract = {There is a trade-off reflected in the contrasting phenotypes
of elite long-distance runners, who are typically leaner,
and elite sprinters, who are usually more heavily muscled.
It is unclear, however, whether and how swimmers' bodies
vary across event distances from the 50 m swim, which is
about a 20-30 s event, to the 10 000 m marathon swim, which
is about a 2 h event. We examined data from the 2012
Olympics to test whether swimmers' phenotypes differed
across event distances. We show that across all swimming
event distances, from the 50 m sprint to the 10 000 m
marathon, swimmers converge on a single optimal body mass
index (BMI) in men's and women's events, in marked contrast
with the strong inverse relationship between BMI and event
distance found in runners. The absence of a speed-endurance
trade-off in the body proportions of swimmers indicates a
fundamental difference in design pressures and performance
capability in terrestrial versus aquatic
environments.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2018.0684},
Key = {fds337753}
}
@article{fds337754,
Author = {Finestone, EM and Brown, MH and Ross, SR and Pontzer,
H},
Title = {Great ape walking kinematics: Implications for hominoid
evolution.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {166},
Number = {1},
Pages = {43-55},
Year = {2018},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23397},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Great apes provide a point of reference
for understanding the evolution of locomotion in hominoids
and early hominins. We assessed (1) the extent to which
great apes use diagonal sequence, diagonal couplet gaits,
like other primates, (2) the extent to which gait and
posture vary across great apes, and (3) the role of body
mass and limb proportions on ape quadrupedal
kinematics.<h4>Methods</h4>High-speed digital video of
zoo-housed bonobos (Pan paniscus, N = 8), chimpanzees
(Pan troglodytes, N = 13), lowland gorillas (Gorilla
gorilla, N = 13), and orangutans (Pongo spp. N = 6)
walking over-ground at self-selected speeds were used to
determine the timing of limb touch-down, take-off, and to
measure joint and segment angles at touch-down, midstance,
and take-off.<h4>Results</h4>The great apes in our study
showed broad kinematic and spatiotemporal similarity in
quadrupedal walking. Size-adjusted walking speed was the
strongest predictor of gait variables. Body mass had a
negligible effect on variation in joint and segment angles,
but stride frequency did trend higher among larger apes in
analyses including size-adjusted speed. In contrast to most
other primates, great apes did not favor diagonal sequence
footfall patterns, but exhibited variable gait patterns that
frequently shifted between diagonal and lateral
sequences.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Similarities in the terrestrial
walking kinematics of extant great apes likely reflect their
similar post-cranial anatomy and proportions. Our results
suggest that the walking kinematics of orthograde,
suspensory Miocene ape species were likely similar to living
great apes, and highlight the utility of videographic and
behavioral data in interpreting primate skeletal
morphology.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23397},
Key = {fds337754}
}
@article{fds342259,
Author = {Willis, EA and Saint-Maurice, PF and Pontzer, H and Matthews,
CE},
Title = {Is More Physical Activity Always Better? Constrained vs
Additive Total Energy Expenditure Models.},
Journal = {MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE},
Volume = {50},
Number = {5},
Pages = {841-841},
Publisher = {LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS},
Year = {2018},
Month = {May},
Key = {fds342259}
}
@article{fds337755,
Author = {Urlacher, SS and Ellison, PT and Sugiyama, LS and Pontzer, H and Eick,
G and Liebert, MA and Cepon-Robins, TJ and Gildner, TE and Snodgrass,
JJ},
Title = {Tradeoffs between immune function and childhood growth among
Amazonian forager-horticulturalists.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {115},
Number = {17},
Pages = {E3914-E3921},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717522115},
Abstract = {Immune function is an energetically costly physiological
activity that potentially diverts calories away from less
immediately essential life tasks. Among developing
organisms, the allocation of energy toward immune function
may lead to tradeoffs with physical growth, particularly in
high-pathogen, low-resource environments. The present study
tests this hypothesis across diverse timeframes, branches of
immunity, and conditions of energy availability among
humans. Using a prospective mixed-longitudinal design, we
collected anthropometric and blood immune biomarker data
from 261 Amazonian forager-horticulturalist Shuar children
(age 4-11 y old). This strategy provided baseline measures
of participant stature, s.c. body fat, and humoral and
cell-mediated immune activity as well as subsample
longitudinal measures of linear growth (1 wk, 3 mo, 20 mo)
and acute inflammation. Multilevel analyses demonstrate
consistent negative effects of immune function on growth,
with children experiencing up to 49% growth reduction during
periods of mildly elevated immune activity. The direct
energetic nature of these relationships is indicated by
(<i>i</i>) the manifestation of biomarker-specific negative
immune effects only when examining growth over timeframes
capturing active competition for energetic resources,
(<i>ii</i>) the exaggerated impact of particularly costly
inflammation on growth, and (<i>iii</i>) the ability of
children with greater levels of body fat (i.e., energy
reserves) to completely avoid the growth-inhibiting effects
of acute inflammation. These findings provide evidence for
immunologically and temporally diverse body fat-dependent
tradeoffs between immune function and growth during
childhood. We discuss the implications of this work for
understanding human developmental energetics and the
biological mechanisms regulating variation in human
ontogeny, life history, and health.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1717522115},
Key = {fds337755}
}
@article{fds337756,
Author = {Kozma, EE and Webb, NM and Harcourt-Smith, WEH and Raichlen, DA and D'Août, K and Brown, MH and Finestone, EM and Ross, SR and Aerts, P and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Hip extensor mechanics and the evolution of walking and
climbing capabilities in humans, apes, and fossil
hominins.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {115},
Number = {16},
Pages = {4134-4139},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1715120115},
Abstract = {The evolutionary emergence of humans' remarkably economical
walking gait remains a focus of research and debate, but
experimentally validated approaches linking locomotor
capability to postcranial anatomy are limited. In this
study, we integrated 3D morphometrics of hominoid pelvic
shape with experimental measurements of hip kinematics and
kinetics during walking and climbing, hamstring activity,
and passive range of hip extension in humans, apes, and
other primates to assess arboreal-terrestrial trade-offs in
ischium morphology among living taxa. We show that
hamstring-powered hip extension during habitual walking and
climbing in living apes and humans is strongly predicted,
and likely constrained, by the relative length and
orientation of the ischium. Ape pelves permit greater
extensor moments at the hip, enhancing climbing capability,
but limit their range of hip extension, resulting in a
crouched gait. Human pelves reduce hip extensor moments but
permit a greater degree of hip extension, which greatly
improves walking economy (i.e., distance traveled/energy
consumed). Applying these results to fossil pelves suggests
that early hominins differed from both humans and extant
apes in having an economical walking gait without
sacrificing climbing capability. <i>Ardipithecus</i> was
capable of nearly human-like hip extension during bipedal
walking, but retained the capacity for powerful, ape-like
hip extension during vertical climbing. Hip extension
capability was essentially human-like in <i>Australopithecus
afarensis</i> and <i>Australopithecus africanus</i>,
suggesting an economical walking gait but reduced mechanical
advantage for powered hip extension during
climbing.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1715120115},
Key = {fds337756}
}
@article{fds337759,
Author = {Eyre, J and Pontzer, H},
Title = {The Effect of bi-iliac breadth on thermoregulation during
running},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {80-81},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds337759}
}
@article{fds337757,
Author = {Castillo, ER and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Locomotor-respiratory dynamics and gait frequency tuning in
humans},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {43-44},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds337757}
}
@article{fds337758,
Author = {Urlacher, SS and Snodgrass, JJ and Dugas, LR and Sugiyama, LS and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Direct measures of total and resting energy expenditure
among Shuar forager-horticulturalist children: Evolutionary
and epidemiological implications},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {281-281},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds337758}
}
@article{fds337760,
Author = {Swanson, ZS and Pontzer, H and Luke, A and Dugas, LR and Steiper,
ME},
Title = {The effect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D
polymorphism on energy expenditure in modern
humans},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {268-268},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds337760}
}
@article{fds337761,
Author = {Raichlen, DA and Hamilton, MT and Harris, JA and Hsu, C-H and Keadle,
SK and Klimentidis, YC and Marx, TJ and Matthews, CE and Pontzer, H and Sayre, MK and Wood, BM and Zderic, TW and Alexander,
GE},
Title = {Fractal patterns of physical activity in hunter-gatherers
suggest universal scaling of daily movement in
humans},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {218-219},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds337761}
}
@article{fds337762,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Raichlen, DA and Basdeo, T and Harris, JA and Mabulla,
AZP and Wood, BM},
Title = {Mechanics of archery among Hadza hunter-gatherers},
Journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports},
Volume = {16},
Pages = {57-64},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2017},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.09.025},
Abstract = {The development of the bow and arrow was an important
milestone in the evolution of foraging technology.
Experimental approaches to interpreting lithics and other
archeological evidence for early archery have led to
important insights into their manufacture and use, but these
studies are limited by a lack of data on the mechanics of
traditional archery among living hunter-gatherers. Here, we
investigated archery mechanics among the Hadza, a population
of traditional hunter-gatherers living in Tanzania, who
build and use their own bows and arrows to hunt wild game
for food. Ten Hadza men participated in an archery
competition with targets set at 15, 30, and 50 m, similar to
the range of target distances during hunting. We used a
spring scale to calibrate the draw force for each bow, and a
high-speed digital video to record shooting mechanics and
arrow velocity for each shot. Arrow velocity (45.1 ± 7.0
m/s− 1) and estimated kinetic energy (36.9 ± 13.4 J) were
greater than typically employed in experimental archeology
studies. Draw forces (311 ± 98 N) were also greater,
equivalent to ~ 70% of men's body weight. Approximately 70%
of the strain energy from the drawn bow was converted to
arrow kinetic energy upon release, similar to published
efficiencies for modern recurve bows. Arrow kinetic energy
and draw force were similar for 15 m and 30 m targets, but
increased marginally for the 50 m target, suggesting that
Hadza men adjust arrow trajectory for targets at short and
middle distances, but may increase draw force and hence
arrow energy for distant targets.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.09.025},
Key = {fds337762}
}
@article{fds337763,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {DEMOGRAPHY AND EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY OF HADZA
HUNTER‐GATHERERS By NicholasBlurton Jones508 pp. (2016).
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. $130.00
(paperback)},
Journal = {American Journal of Human Biology},
Volume = {29},
Number = {6},
Pages = {e23053-e23053},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2017},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23053},
Doi = {10.1002/ajhb.23053},
Key = {fds337763}
}
@article{fds337764,
Author = {Horiuchi, M and Fukuoka, Y and Handa, Y and Abe, D and Pontzer,
H},
Title = {Measuring the Energy of Ventilation and Circulation during
Human Walking using Induced Hypoxia.},
Journal = {Scientific reports},
Volume = {7},
Number = {1},
Pages = {4938},
Year = {2017},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05068-8},
Abstract = {Energy expenditure (EE) during walking includes energy costs
to move and support the body and for respiration and
circulation. We measured EE during walking under three
different oxygen concentrations. Eleven healthy, young, male
lowlanders walked on a treadmill at seven gait speeds
(0.67-1.83 m s<sup>-1</sup>) on a level gradient under
normobaric normoxia (room air, 21% O<sub>2</sub>), moderate
hypoxia (15% O<sub>2</sub>), and severe hypoxia (11%
O<sub>2</sub>). By comparing the hypoxia-induced elevation
in heart rate (HR [bpm]), ventilation (V<sub>E</sub> [L
min<sup>-1</sup>]) with the change in energy expenditure (EE
[W]) at each speed, we were able to determine circulatory
and respiratory costs. In a multivariate model combining HR
and V<sub>E</sub>, respiratory costs were
0.44 ± 0.15 W per each L min<sup>-1</sup> increase in
V<sub>E</sub>, and circulatory costs were
0.24 ± 0.05 W per each bpm increase in HR (model
adjusted r<sup>2</sup> = 0.97, p < 0.001). These
V<sub>E</sub> costs were substantially lower than previous
studies that ignored the contribution of HR to
cardiopulmonary work. Estimated HR costs were consistent
with, although somewhat higher than, measures derived from
catheterization studies. Cardiopulmonary costs accounted for
23% of resting EE, but less than 5% of net walking costs
(i.e., with resting EE subtracted).},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-05068-8},
Key = {fds337764}
}
@article{fds337765,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {Economy and Endurance in Human Evolution.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {27},
Number = {12},
Pages = {R613-R621},
Year = {2017},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.031},
Abstract = {The evolutionary pressures shaping humans' unique bipedal
locomotion have been a focus of research since Darwin, but
the origins of humans' economical walking gait and endurance
running capabilities remain unclear. Here, I review the
anatomical and physiological determinants of locomotor
economy (e.g., limb length and posture) and endurance (e.g.,
muscle volume and fiber type) and investigate their
development in the hominin fossil record. The earliest
hominins were bipedal but retained ape-like features in the
hind limb that would have limited their walking economy
compared to living humans. Moreover, the evolution of
bipedalism and the loss of the forelimbs in weight support
and propulsion would have reduced locomotor endurance in
the earliest hominins and likely restricted ranging.
Australopithecus evinced longer hind limbs, extended limb
posture, and a stiff midfoot, suggesting improved,
human-like economy, but were likely still limited in their
endurance compared to modern humans. The appearance of
skeletal traits related to endurance (e.g., larger limb
joints, spring-like plantar arch) in Homo was somewhat
mosaic, with the full endurance suite apparent only ∼1
million years ago. The development of endurance capabilities
in Homo appears to parallel the evolutionary increase in
brain size, cognitive sophistication, and metabolic
rate.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.031},
Key = {fds337765}
}
@article{fds337766,
Author = {Edwards, W and Lonsdorf, EV and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Total energy expenditure in captive capuchins (Sapajus
apella).},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {79},
Number = {5},
Year = {2017},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22638},
Abstract = {Primates have markedly lower total energy expenditure (TEE;
kcal/day) than other placental mammals, expending
approximately 50% less energy for their mass than
non-primate eutherians. However, little is known regarding
interspecific variation of energy expenditure within
platyrrhine primates. We investigated TEE in captive tufted
capuchins (Sapajus apella, n = 8, ages 7-36), a
frugivorous platyrrhine, to compare TEE with other placental
mammals and primates. We tested the hypothesis that
large-brained capuchins would exhibit greater TEE than other
platyrrhines that are less encephalized. We used the doubly
labeled water (DLW) method to measure TEE over 7-11 days,
during which physical activity data were recorded via focal
observation. TEE was strongly correlated with fat free mass,
but sex, age, and rates of walking and climbing were not
correlated with variation in TEE in multivariate analyses
controlling for fat free mass. We found evidence that daily
physical activity was negatively correlated with body fat
percentage. Capuchin TEE was similar (P = 0.67) to
other, less encephalized platyrrhines (Callithrix and
Alouatta) and 54% lower than other placental mammals, in
analyses controlling for body mass. These results suggest
that brain size and physical activity do not necessarily
influence variation in daily energy expenditure across
primate species.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.22638},
Key = {fds337766}
}
@article{fds337767,
Author = {Urlacher, SS and Snodgrass, JJ and Kramer, KL and Konecna, M and Pontzer, H and Sugiyama, LS},
Title = {Objectively Measured Childhood Physical Activity among
Small-scale Populations},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {162},
Pages = {389-389},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds337767}
}
@article{fds337768,
Author = {Schneider, AL and Burghardt, NS and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Reduced Immune Investment with Energy Stress: Evidence from
a Mouse Model},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {162},
Pages = {349-349},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds337768}
}
@article{fds337769,
Author = {Otarola-Castillo, ER and Castillo, ER and Hora, M and Torquato, MG and Warrener, AG and Pontzer, H},
Title = {walkR: A Software Package to Analyze the Biomechanics of
Human Locomotion},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {162},
Pages = {306-306},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds337769}
}
@article{fds337770,
Author = {Ramirez, KR and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Intrinsic Manual Proportions affect the Biomechanics of
Suspension},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {162},
Pages = {326-326},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds337770}
}
@article{fds337771,
Author = {Kozma, EE and Webb, NM and Harcourt-Smith, WEH and Raichlen, DA and D'Aout, K and Brown, MH and Finestone, E and Ross, SR and Aerts, P and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Mechanics of Hip Extension Characterize Arboreal-Terrestrial
Trade-offs in Hominin Evolution},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {162},
Pages = {251-251},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds337771}
}
@article{fds337772,
Author = {Swanson, ZS and Webb, NM and Pontzer, H and Desilva, JM and Harcourt-Smith, WEH},
Title = {Finite Element Modeling of Talar Loading in Modern Humans
with Application to the Hominin Fossil Record},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {162},
Pages = {374-375},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds337772}
}
@article{fds337773,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {How Much Food do Animals Need to Walk, Run, and Climb? This
Much},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {162},
Pages = {320-320},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds337773}
}
@article{fds337774,
Author = {Raichlen, DA and Pontzer, H and Harris, JA and Zderic, TW and Hamilton,
MT and Wood, BM},
Title = {Objectively measured physical activity in a hunting and
gathering population},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {162},
Pages = {326-326},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds337774}
}
@article{fds337775,
Author = {Lieberman, DE and Barak, MM and Rolian, CP and Raichlen, DA and Pontzer,
H},
Title = {Testing hypotheses about hominin locomotor evolution using
models not analogies},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {162},
Pages = {262-263},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds337775}
}
@article{fds337778,
Author = {Raichlen, DA and Pontzer, H and Harris, JA and Mabulla, AZP and Marlowe,
FW and Josh Snodgrass and J and Eick, G and Colette Berbesque and J and Sancilio, A and Wood, BM},
Title = {Physical activity patterns and biomarkers of cardiovascular
disease risk in hunter-gatherers.},
Journal = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of
the Human Biology Council},
Volume = {29},
Number = {2},
Year = {2017},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22919},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous
physical activity (MVPA) is a strong predictor of
cardiovascular health, yet few humans living in
industrialized societies meet current recommendations (150
min/week). Researchers have long suggested that human
physiological requirements for aerobic exercise reflect an
evolutionary shift to a hunting and gathering foraging
strategy, and a recent transition to more sedentary
lifestyles likely represents a mismatch with our past in
terms of physical activity. The goal of this study is to
explore this mismatch by characterizing MVPA and
cardiovascular health in the Hadza, a modern hunting and
gathering population living in Northern Tanzania.<h4>Methods</h4>We
measured MVPA using continuous heart rate monitoring in 46
participants recruited from two Hadza camps. As part of a
larger survey of health in the Hadza, we measured blood
pressure (n = 198) and biomarkers of cardiovascular
health (n = 23) including C-reactive protein,
cholesterol (Total, HDL, and LDL), and triglycerides.<h4>Results</h4>We
show that Hadza participants spend large amounts of time in
MVPA (134.92 ± 8.6 min/day), and maintain these
activity levels across the lifespan. In fact, the Hadza
engage in over 14 times as much MVPA as subjects
participating in large epidemiological studies in the United
States. We found no evidence of risk factors for
cardiovascular disease in this population (low prevalence of
hypertension across the lifespan, optimal levels for
biomarkers of cardiovascular health).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our
results provide evidence that the hunting and gathering
foraging strategy involves high levels of MVPA, supporting
the evolutionary medicine model for the relationship between
MVPA and cardiovascular health.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajhb.22919},
Key = {fds337778}
}
@article{fds337777,
Author = {Gagnon, C and Steiper, M and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Body mass index varies with event distances among elite
runners but not swimmers},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY},
Volume = {29},
Number = {2},
Pages = {2 pages},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds337777}
}
@article{fds337779,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {The crown joules: energetics, ecology, and evolution in
humans and other primates.},
Journal = {Evolutionary anthropology},
Volume = {26},
Number = {1},
Pages = {12-24},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.21513},
Abstract = {Biological diversity is metabolic diversity: Differences in
anatomy, physiology, life history, and activity reflect
differences in energy allocation and expenditure among
traits and tasks. Traditional frameworks in primatology,
human ecology, public health, and paleoanthropology view
daily energy expenditure as being more variable within than
between species, changing with activity level but
essentially fixed for a given body size. Growing evidence
turns this view on its head. Total energy expenditure
(kcal/d), varies relatively little within species, despite
variation in physical activity; it varies considerably among
species even after controlling for the effect of body size.
Embracing this emerging paradigm requires rethinking
potential trade-offs in energy allocation within and between
species, assessing evidence of metabolic acceleration within
lineages, and abandoning activity-based estimates of total
energy expenditure. Difficult and exciting work lies ahead
in the effort to untangle the ecological and evolutionary
pressures shaping primate metabolic diversity.},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.21513},
Key = {fds337779}
}
@article{fds337780,
Author = {Sparrow, LM and Pellatt, E and Yu, SS and Raichlen, DA and Pontzer, H and Rolian, C},
Title = {Gait changes in a line of mice artificially selected for
longer limbs.},
Journal = {PeerJ},
Volume = {5},
Pages = {e3008},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3008},
Abstract = {In legged terrestrial locomotion, the duration of stance
phase, i.e., when limbs are in contact with the substrate,
is positively correlated with limb length, and negatively
correlated with the metabolic cost of transport. These
relationships are well documented at the interspecific
level, across a broad range of body sizes and travel speeds.
However, such relationships are harder to evaluate within
species (i.e., where natural selection operates), largely
for practical reasons, including low population variance in
limb length, and the presence of confounding factors such as
body mass, or training. Here, we compared spatiotemporal
kinematics of gait in Longshanks, a long-legged mouse line
created through artificial selection, and in random-bred,
mass-matched Control mice raised under identical conditions.
We used a gait treadmill to test the hypothesis that
Longshanks have longer stance phases and stride lengths, and
decreased stride frequencies in both fore- and hind limbs,
compared with Controls. Our results indicate that gait
differs significantly between the two groups. Specifically,
and as hypothesized, stance duration and stride length are
8-10% greater in Longshanks, while stride frequency is 8%
lower than in Controls. However, there was no difference in
the touch-down timing and sequence of the paws between the
two lines. Taken together, these data suggest that, for a
given speed, Longshanks mice take significantly fewer,
longer steps to cover the same distance or running time
compared to Controls, with important implications for other
measures of variation among individuals in whole-organism
performance, such as the metabolic cost of
transport.},
Doi = {10.7717/peerj.3008},
Key = {fds337780}
}
@article{fds337781,
Author = {Hora, M and Soumar, L and Pontzer, H and Sládek,
V},
Title = {Body size and lower limb posture during walking in
humans.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {12},
Number = {2},
Pages = {e0172112},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172112},
Abstract = {We test whether locomotor posture is associated with body
mass and lower limb length in humans and explore how body
size and posture affect net joint moments during walking. We
acquired gait data for 24 females and 25 males using a
three-dimensional motion capture system and
pressure-measuring insoles. We employed the general linear
model and commonality analysis to assess the independent
effect of body mass and lower limb length on flexion angles
at the hip, knee, and ankle while controlling for sex and
velocity. In addition, we used inverse dynamics to model the
effect of size and posture on net joint moments. At early
stance, body mass has a negative effect on knee flexion (p <
0.01), whereas lower limb length has a negative effect on
hip flexion (p < 0.05). Body mass uniquely explains 15.8% of
the variance in knee flexion, whereas lower limb length
uniquely explains 5.4% of the variance in hip flexion. Both
of the detected relationships between body size and posture
are consistent with the moment moderating postural
adjustments predicted by our model. At late stance, no
significant relationship between body size and posture was
detected. Humans of greater body size reduce the flexion of
the hip and knee at early stance, which results in the
moderation of net moments at these joints.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0172112},
Key = {fds337781}
}
@article{fds337782,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {The Exercise Paradox.},
Journal = {Scientific American},
Volume = {316},
Number = {2},
Pages = {26-31},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0217-26},
Doi = {10.1038/scientificamerican0217-26},
Key = {fds337782}
}
@article{fds337783,
Author = {Gurven, MD and Trumble, BC and Stieglitz, J and Yetish, G and Cummings,
D and Blackwell, AD and Beheim, B and Kaplan, HS and Pontzer,
H},
Title = {High resting metabolic rate among Amazonian
forager-horticulturalists experiencing high pathogen
burden.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {161},
Number = {3},
Pages = {414-425},
Year = {2016},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23040},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Resting metabolic rate (RMR) reflects
energetic costs of homeostasis and accounts for 60 to 75% of
total energy expenditure (TEE). Lean mass and physical
activity account for much RMR variability, but the impact of
prolonged immune activation from infection on human RMR is
unclear in naturalistic settings. We evaluate the effects of
infection on mass-corrected RMR among Bolivian
forager-horticulturalists, and assess whether RMR declines
more slowly with age than in hygienic sedentary populations,
as might be expected if older adults experience high
pathogen burden.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>RMR was
measured by indirect calorimetry (Fitmate MED, Cosmed) in
1,300 adults aged 20 to 90 and TEE was measured using doubly
labeled water (n = 40). Immune biomarkers, clinical
diagnoses, and anthropometrics were collected by the Tsimane
Health and Life History Project.<h4>Results</h4>Tsimane have
higher RMR and TEE than people in sedentary industrialized
populations. Tsimane RMR is 18 to 47% (women) and 22 to 40%
(men) higher than expected using six standard prediction
equations. Tsimane mass-corrected TEE is similarly elevated
compared to Westerners. Elevated leukocytes and helminths
are associated with excess RMR in multivariate regressions,
and jointly result in a predicted excess RMR of 10 to 15%.
After age 40, RMR declines by 69 kcal/decade
(p < .0001). Controlling for lean mass and height
accounts for 71% of age-related RMR decline, and adding
indicators of infection minimally affects the age slope. The
residual level of age-related decline from age 40 is 1.2%
per decade.<h4>Conclusion</h4>High pathogen burden may lead
to higher metabolic costs, which may be offset by smaller
body mass or other energy-sparing mechanisms.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23040},
Key = {fds337783}
}
@article{fds337784,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {Behavior: Knowing When to Walk Away, Knowing When to
Run.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {26},
Number = {15},
Pages = {R717-R718},
Year = {2016},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.06.048},
Abstract = {A new model has been proposed indicating that humans and
other animals weigh the metabolic cost of pursuit in
deciding how fast to move toward a given reward, providing a
powerful framework for understanding behavior.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2016.06.048},
Key = {fds337784}
}
@article{fds337785,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Brown, MH and Raichlen, DA and Dunsworth, H and Hare, B and Walker, K and Luke, A and Dugas, LR and Durazo-Arvizu, R and Schoeller,
D and Plange-Rhule, J and Bovet, P and Forrester, TE and Lambert, EV and Thompson, ME and Shumaker, RW and Ross, SR},
Title = {Metabolic acceleration and the evolution of human brain size
and life history.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {533},
Number = {7603},
Pages = {390-392},
Year = {2016},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature17654},
Abstract = {Humans are distinguished from the other living apes in
having larger brains and an unusual life history that
combines high reproductive output with slow childhood growth
and exceptional longevity. This suite of derived traits
suggests major changes in energy expenditure and allocation
in the human lineage, but direct measures of human and ape
metabolism are needed to compare evolved energy strategies
among hominoids. Here we used doubly labelled water
measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE; kcal day(-1))
in humans, chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans to
test the hypothesis that the human lineage has experienced
an acceleration in metabolic rate, providing energy for
larger brains and faster reproduction without sacrificing
maintenance and longevity. In multivariate regressions
including body size and physical activity, human TEE
exceeded that of chimpanzees and bonobos, gorillas and
orangutans by approximately 400, 635 and 820 kcal day(-1),
respectively, readily accommodating the cost of humans'
greater brain size and reproductive output. Much of the
increase in TEE is attributable to humans' greater basal
metabolic rate (kcal day(-1)), indicating increased organ
metabolic activity. Humans also had the greatest body fat
percentage. An increased metabolic rate, along with changes
in energy allocation, was crucial in the evolution of human
brain size and life history.},
Doi = {10.1038/nature17654},
Key = {fds337785}
}
@article{fds337786,
Author = {Yetish, G and Kaplan, H and Gurven, M and Wood, B and Pontzer, H and Manger, PR and Wilson, C and McGregor, R and Siegel,
JM},
Title = {Response to de la Iglesia et al.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {26},
Number = {7},
Pages = {R273-R274},
Year = {2016},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.02.057},
Abstract = {We wish to respond to the commentary of de la Iglesia et al.
[1]. Studies comparing sleep in different communities have
different goals. One frequent goal has been to determine how
sleep is affected by manipulating specific 'modern'
conditions. Many studies have investigated the effect of
artificial light and electronic entertainment. Such studies
have clearly shown that light, particularly blue light,
delays sleep onset [2]. Studying the effect of artificial
light on sleep was not a goal of our study.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2016.02.057},
Key = {fds337786}
}
@article{fds337787,
Author = {Laird, MF and Vogel, ER and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Chewing efficiency and occlusal functional morphology in
modern humans.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {93},
Pages = {1-11},
Year = {2016},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.11.005},
Abstract = {The reduction of occlusal dimensions in early Homo is often
proposed to be a functional adaptation to diet. With their
smaller occlusal surfaces, species of early Homo are
suggested to have reduced food-processing abilities,
particularly for foods with high material properties (e.g.,
increased toughness). Here, we employ chewing efficiency as
a measure of masticatory performance to test the
relationships between masticatory function and food
properties. We predicted that humans are more efficient when
processing foods of lower toughness and Young's modulus
values, and that subjects with larger occlusal surfaces will
be less efficient when processing foods with higher
toughness and Young's modulus, as the greater area spreads
out the overall bite force applied to food particles.
Chewing efficiency was measured in 26 adults using
high-speed motion capture and surface electromyography. The
dentition of each subject was cast and the occlusal surface
was quantified using dental topographic analysis. Toughness
and displacement-limited index were negatively correlated
with chewing efficiency, but Young's modulus was not.
Increased occlusal two-dimensional area and surface area
were positively correlated with chewing efficiency for all
foods. Thus, larger occlusal surface areas were more
efficient when processing foods of greater toughness. These
results suggest that the reduction in occlusal area in early
Homo was associated with a reduction in chewing efficiency,
particularly for foods with greater toughness. Further, the
larger occlusal surfaces of earlier hominins such as
Australopithecus would have likely increased chewing
efficiency and increased the probability of fracture when
processing tough foods.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.11.005},
Key = {fds337787}
}
@article{fds337791,
Author = {Edwards, W and Pontzer, H and Lonsdorf, E},
Title = {Energy expenditure and physical activity levels in captive
tufted capuchins (Cebus apella)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {136-136},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds337791}
}
@article{fds337792,
Author = {Kozma, EE and Raichlen, DA and Wood, BM and Pontzer,
H},
Title = {Determinants of Energetic Costs of Climbing in
Humans},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {56},
Pages = {E116-E116},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds337792}
}
@article{fds337793,
Author = {Kozma, EE and Raichlen, DA and Wood, BM and Pontzer,
H},
Title = {Energetics and Muscle Use of Human Climbing},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {196-196},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds337793}
}
@article{fds337794,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Raichlen, DA and Harris, JA and Wood,
BM},
Title = {Energetics and Economics of Foraging in Humans and other
Apes},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {255-255},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds337794}
}
@article{fds337795,
Author = {Thurber, C and Carlson, B and Ocobock, C and Dugas, L and Pontzer,
H},
Title = {Metabolic Limits and Adaptation in Humans: Daily Energy
Expenditure in Race Across the USA Athletes},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {314-315},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds337795}
}
@article{fds337796,
Author = {Finestone, EM and Brown, MH and Ross, SR and Pontzer,
H},
Title = {Videographic analysis of kinematics in great apes: To what
extent are gait and posture conserved?},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {143-143},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds337796}
}
@article{fds337788,
Author = {Thurber, C and Carlson, B and Ocobock, C and Dugas, L and Pontzer,
H},
Title = {Metabolic limits and adaptation in humans: Daily energy
expenditure in Race Across the USA athletes.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY},
Volume = {28},
Number = {2},
Pages = {298-298},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds337788}
}
@article{fds337789,
Author = {Laird, MF and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Gape cycle kinematic variance and occlusal topography in
modern humans},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {200-200},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds337789}
}
@article{fds337790,
Author = {Raichlen, DA and Pontzer, H and Harris, JA and Zderic, TW and Hamilton,
MT and Wood, BM},
Title = {Sitting, squatting, and the evolution of human
inactivity},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {261-262},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds337790}
}
@article{fds337797,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Durazo-Arvizu, R and Dugas, LR and Plange-Rhule, J and Bovet, P and Forrester, TE and Lambert, EV and Cooper, RS and Schoeller,
DA and Luke, A},
Title = {Constrained Total Energy Expenditure and Metabolic
Adaptation to Physical Activity in Adult
Humans.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {26},
Number = {3},
Pages = {410-417},
Year = {2016},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.046},
Abstract = {Current obesity prevention strategies recommend increasing
daily physical activity, assuming that increased activity
will lead to corresponding increases in total energy
expenditure and prevent or reverse energy imbalance and
weight gain [1-3]. Such Additive total energy expenditure
models are supported by exercise intervention and
accelerometry studies reporting positive correlations
between physical activity and total energy expenditure [4]
but are challenged by ecological studies in humans and other
species showing that more active populations do not have
higher total energy expenditure [5-8]. Here we tested a
Constrained total energy expenditure model, in which total
energy expenditure increases with physical activity at low
activity levels but plateaus at higher activity levels as
the body adapts to maintain total energy expenditure within
a narrow range. We compared total energy expenditure,
measured using doubly labeled water, against physical
activity, measured using accelerometry, for a large (n =
332) sample of adults living in five populations [9]. After
adjusting for body size and composition, total energy
expenditure was positively correlated with physical
activity, but the relationship was markedly stronger over
the lower range of physical activity. For subjects in the
upper range of physical activity, total energy expenditure
plateaued, supporting a Constrained total energy expenditure
model. Body fat percentage and activity intensity appear to
modulate the metabolic response to physical activity. Models
of energy balance employed in public health [1-3] should be
revised to better reflect the constrained nature of total
energy expenditure and the complex effects of physical
activity on metabolic physiology.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.046},
Key = {fds337797}
}
@article{fds337798,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {A unified theory for the energy cost of legged
locomotion.},
Journal = {Biology letters},
Volume = {12},
Number = {2},
Pages = {20150935},
Year = {2016},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0935},
Abstract = {Small animals are remarkably efficient climbers but
comparatively poor runners, a well-established phenomenon in
locomotor energetics that drives size-related differences in
locomotor ecology yet remains poorly understood. Here, I
derive the energy cost of legged locomotion from two
complementary components of muscle metabolism,
Activation-Relaxation and Cross-bridge cycling. A
mathematical model incorporating these costs explains
observed patterns of locomotor cost both within and between
species, across a broad range of animals (insects to
ungulates), for a wide range of substrate slopes including
level running and vertical climbing. This ARC model unifies
work- and force-based models for locomotor cost and
integrates whole-organism locomotor cost with cellular
muscle physiology, creating a predictive framework for
investigating evolutionary and ecological pressures shaping
limb design and ranging behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2015.0935},
Key = {fds337798}
}
@article{fds337799,
Author = {Yetish, G and Kaplan, H and Gurven, M and Wood, B and Pontzer, H and Manger, PR and Wilson, C and McGregor, R and Siegel,
JM},
Title = {Natural sleep and its seasonal variations in three
pre-industrial societies.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {25},
Number = {21},
Pages = {2862-2868},
Year = {2015},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.09.046},
Abstract = {How did humans sleep before the modern era? Because the
tools to measure sleep under natural conditions were
developed long after the invention of the electric devices
suspected of delaying and reducing sleep, we investigated
sleep in three preindustrial societies [1-3]. We find that
all three show similar sleep organization, suggesting that
they express core human sleep patterns, most likely
characteristic of pre-modern era Homo sapiens. Sleep
periods, the times from onset to offset, averaged
6.9-8.5 hr, with sleep durations of 5.7-7.1 hr, amounts
near the low end of those industrial societies [4-7]. There
was a difference of nearly 1 hr between summer and winter
sleep. Daily variation in sleep duration was strongly linked
to time of onset, rather than offset. None of these groups
began sleep near sunset, onset occurring, on average,
3.3 hr after sunset. Awakening was usually before sunrise.
The sleep period consistently occurred during the nighttime
period of falling environmental temperature, was not
interrupted by extended periods of waking, and terminated,
with vasoconstriction, near the nadir of daily ambient
temperature. The daily cycle of temperature change, largely
eliminated from modern sleep environments, may be a potent
natural regulator of sleep. Light exposure was maximal in
the morning and greatly decreased at noon, indicating that
all three groups seek shade at midday and that light
activation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus is maximal in the
morning. Napping occurred on <7% of days in winter and <22%
of days in summer. Mimicking aspects of the natural
environment might be effective in treating certain modern
sleep disorders.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2015.09.046},
Key = {fds337799}
}
@article{fds337800,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {Energy Expenditure in Humans and Other Primates: A New
Synthesis},
Journal = {Annual Review of Anthropology},
Volume = {44},
Number = {1},
Pages = {169-187},
Publisher = {ANNUAL REVIEWS},
Year = {2015},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102214-013925},
Abstract = {This review examines the proximate, ecological, and
evolutionary determinants of energy expenditure in humans
and primates, with an emphasis on empirical measurements of
total energy expenditure (TEE). Body size is the main
proximate determinant of TEE, both within and between
species; physical activity, genetic variation, and endocrine
regulation explain substantially less of the variation in
TEE. Basal metabolism is the single largest component of
TEE, far exceeding the cost of physical activity, digestion,
growth and reproduction, and thermoregulation in most
instances. Notably, differences in physical activity do not
generally result in corresponding differences in TEE,
undermining the utility of activity-based factorial
estimates of TEE. Instead, empirical measurements of energy
expenditure in humans and other primates suggest that the
body adapts dynamically to long-term changes in physical
activity, maintaining TEE within an evolved, and relatively
narrow, physiological range. ©},
Doi = {10.1146/annurev-anthro-102214-013925},
Key = {fds337800}
}
@article{fds337801,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Raichlen, DA and Wood, BM and Emery Thompson and M and Racette, SB and Mabulla, AZP and Marlowe, FW},
Title = {Energy expenditure and activity among Hadza
hunter-gatherers.},
Journal = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of
the Human Biology Council},
Volume = {27},
Number = {5},
Pages = {628-637},
Year = {2015},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22711},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Studies of total energy expenditure,
(TEE; kcal/day) among traditional populations have
challenged current models relating habitual physical
activity to daily energy requirements. Here, we examine the
relationship between physical activity and TEE among
traditional Hadza hunter-gatherers living in northern
Tanzania.<h4>Methods</h4>Hadza adults were studied at two
camps, with minimal intervention so as to monitor energy
expenditure and activity during normal daily life. We
measured daily walking distance and walking speed using
wearable GPS units for 41 adults. For a subset of 30 adults,
we measured TEE using doubly labeled water, three indices of
work load (foraging return rate, maternal status, and number
of dependent children), and urinary biomarkers of metabolic
activity and stress (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, cortisol, and
testosterone).<h4>Results</h4>Fat-free mass was the single
strongest predictor of TEE among Hadza adults (r(2)
= 0.66, P < 0.001). Hadza men used greater daily
walking distances and faster walking speeds compared with
that of Hadza women, but neither sex nor any measure of
physical activity or work load were correlated with TEE in
analyses controlling for fat-free mass. Compared with
developed, industrial populations, Hadza adults had similar
TEE but elevated levels of metabolic stress as measured by
8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Our results
indicate that daily physical activity may not predict TEE
within traditional hunter-gatherer populations like the
Hadza. Instead, adults with high levels of habitual physical
activity may adapt by reducing energy allocation to other
physiological activity.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajhb.22711},
Key = {fds337801}
}
@article{fds337802,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {Constrained Total Energy Expenditure and the Evolutionary
Biology of Energy Balance.},
Journal = {Exercise and sport sciences reviews},
Volume = {43},
Number = {3},
Pages = {110-116},
Year = {2015},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/jes.0000000000000048},
Abstract = {The human body adapts dynamically to maintain total energy
expenditure (TEE) within a narrow physiological range.
Rather than increasing with physical activity in a
dose-dependent manner, experimental and ecological evidence
suggests the hypothesis that TEE is a relatively constrained
product of our evolved physiology.},
Doi = {10.1249/jes.0000000000000048},
Key = {fds337802}
}
@article{fds337803,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Brown, MH and Dunsworth, HM and Ross,
SR},
Title = {Humans, the high-energy ape: hominoid energetics and life
history evolution},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {156},
Pages = {255-255},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds337803}
}
@article{fds337804,
Author = {Trumble, BC and Cummings, D and Beheim, B and Stieglitz, J and Yetish,
G and Pontzer, H and Kaplan, H and Gurven, M},
Title = {Energetic costs of testosterone: higher testosterone is
associated with greater lean muscle mass and total energetic
expenditure among Tsimane forager-horticulturalists},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {156},
Pages = {307-308},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds337804}
}
@article{fds337805,
Author = {Ramirez, KR and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Estimates of fossil hominin quadriceps physiological cross
sectional area from patellar dimensions},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {156},
Pages = {261-261},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds337805}
}
@article{fds337806,
Author = {Machanda, Z and Brazeau, NF and Castillo, E and Otarola-Castillo, E and Pontzer, H and Thompson, ME and Muller, M and Wrangham,
RW},
Title = {Musculoskeletal growth patterns in wild chimpanzees (Pan
troglodytes)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {156},
Pages = {209-209},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds337806}
}
@article{fds337807,
Author = {Laird, MF and Pontzer, H and Vogel, ER},
Title = {Chewing efficiency variation with food material properties
and masticatory morphology in humans},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {156},
Pages = {197-197},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds337807}
}
@article{fds337808,
Author = {Warrener, AG and Lewton, KL and Pontzer, H and Lieberman,
DE},
Title = {A wider pelvis does not increase locomotor cost in humans,
with implications for the evolution of childbirth.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {10},
Number = {3},
Pages = {e0118903},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118903},
Abstract = {The shape of the human female pelvis is thought to reflect
an evolutionary trade-off between two competing demands: a
pelvis wide enough to permit the birth of large-brained
infants, and narrow enough for efficient bipedal locomotion.
This trade-off, known as the obstetrical dilemma, is invoked
to explain the relative difficulty of human childbirth and
differences in locomotor performance between men and women.
The basis for the obstetrical dilemma is a standard static
biomechanical model that predicts wider pelves in females
increase the metabolic cost of locomotion by decreasing the
effective mechanical advantage of the hip abductor muscles
for pelvic stabilization during the single-leg support phase
of walking and running, requiring these muscles to produce
more force. Here we experimentally test this model against a
more accurate dynamic model of hip abductor mechanics in men
and women. The results show that pelvic width does not
predict hip abductor mechanics or locomotor cost in either
women or men, and that women and men are equally efficient
at both walking and running. Since a wider birth canal does
not increase a woman's locomotor cost, and because selection
for successful birthing must be strong, other factors
affecting maternal pelvic and fetal size should be
investigated in order to help explain the prevalence of
birth complications caused by a neonate too large to fit
through the birth canal.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0118903},
Key = {fds337808}
}
@article{fds337809,
Author = {Wood, BM and Pontzer, H and Raichlen, DA and Marlowe,
FW},
Title = {Mutualism and manipulation in Hadza-honeyguide
interactions},
Journal = {Evolution and Human Behavior},
Volume = {35},
Number = {6},
Pages = {540-546},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2014},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.07.007},
Abstract = {We investigated the ecology and evolution of interspecific
cooperation between the Greater Honeyguide bird, Indicator
indicator, and human hunter-gatherers, the Hadza of northern
Tanzania. We found that honeyguides increased the Hadza's
rate of finding bee nests by 560%, and that the birds led
men to significantly higher yielding nests than those found
without honeyguides. We estimate that 8-10% of the Hadza's
total diet was acquired with the help of honeyguides.
Contrary to most depictions of the human-honeyguide
relationship, the Hadza did not actively repay honeyguides,
but instead, hid, buried, and burned honeycomb, with the
intent of keeping the bird hungry and thus more likely to
guide again. Such manipulative behavior attests to the
importance of social intelligence in hunter-gatherer
foraging strategies. We present an evolutionary model for
human-honeyguide interactions guided by the behavioral
ecology of bees, non-human primates, and
hunter-gatherers.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.07.007},
Key = {fds337809}
}
@article{fds337811,
Author = {Raubenheimer, D and Rothman, JM and Pontzer, H and Simpson,
SJ},
Title = {Macronutrient contributions of insects to the diets of
hunter-gatherers: a geometric analysis.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {71},
Pages = {70-76},
Year = {2014},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.02.007},
Abstract = {We present a geometric model for examining the macronutrient
contributions of insects in the diets of pre-agricultural
humans, and relate the findings to some contemporary
societies that regularly eat insects. The model integrates
published data on the macronutrient composition of insects
and other foods in the diets of humans, recommended human
macronutrient intakes, and estimated macronutrient intakes
to examine the assumption that insects provided to
pre-agricultural humans an invertebrate equivalent of
vertebrate-derived meats, serving primarily as a source of
protein. Our analysis suggests that insects vary more widely
in their macronutrient content than is likely to be the case
for most wild vertebrate meats, spanning a broad range of
protein, fat and carbohydrate concentrations. Potentially,
therefore, in terms of their proportional macronutrient
composition, insects could serve as equivalents not only of
wild meat, but of a range of other foods including some
shellfish, nuts, pulses, vegetables and even fruits.
Furthermore, humans might systematically manipulate the
composition of edible insects to meet specific needs through
pre-ingestive processing, such as cooking and selective
removal of body parts. We present data suggesting that in
modern societies for which protein is the more limiting
macronutrient, pre-ingestive processing of edible insects
might serve to concentrate protein. It is likely, however,
that the dietary significance of insects was different for
Paleolithic hunter-gatherers who were more limited in
non-protein energy. Our conclusions are constrained by
available data, but highlight the need for further studies,
and suggest that our model provides an integrative framework
for conceiving these studies.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.02.007},
Key = {fds337811}
}
@article{fds337813,
Author = {Kozma, EE and Pontzer, H and Webb, N and Harcourt-Smith,
W},
Title = {Hamstrings, moment arms, and gait mechanics in early
hominins},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {153},
Pages = {160-160},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds337813}
}
@article{fds337814,
Author = {Glasgow, AM and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Effects of honey consumption and latitude on hunter-gatherer
nutritional profiles},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {153},
Pages = {125-125},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds337814}
}
@article{fds337815,
Author = {Thomas, OO and Harcourt-Smith, WEH and Pontzer,
H},
Title = {Exploring the relationship between anthropoid cuboid
morphology and expressed locomotor behavior},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {153},
Pages = {253-253},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds337815}
}
@article{fds337816,
Author = {Darr, MR and Pontzer, H and Raichlen, DA},
Title = {A comparison of mediolateral ground forces in humans and
chimpanzees},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {153},
Pages = {102-102},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds337816}
}
@article{fds337812,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Raichlen, DA and Wood, BM and Racette, SB and Delany, JP and Mabulla, AZP and Marlowe, FW and Isler, K and Dunsworth, HM and Schroepfer-Walker, KK and Hare, B and Shumaker, RW and Lonsdorf, EV and Ross, SR},
Title = {Daily water turn over in humans, apes, and fossil
hominins},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {153},
Pages = {210-210},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds337812}
}
@article{fds337817,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Raichlen, DA and Gordon, AD and Schroepfer-Walker, KK and Hare, B and O'Neill, MC and Muldoon, KM and Dunsworth, HM and Wood, BM and Isler, K and Burkart, J and Irwin, M and Shumaker, RW and Lonsdorf, EV and Ross, SR},
Title = {Primate energy expenditure and life history.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {111},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1433-1437},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1316940111},
Abstract = {Humans and other primates are distinct among placental
mammals in having exceptionally slow rates of growth,
reproduction, and aging. Primates' slow life history
schedules are generally thought to reflect an evolved
strategy of allocating energy away from growth and
reproduction and toward somatic investment, particularly to
the development and maintenance of large brains. Here we
examine an alternative explanation: that primates' slow life
histories reflect low total energy expenditure (TEE)
(kilocalories per day) relative to other placental mammals.
We compared doubly labeled water measurements of TEE among
17 primate species with similar measures for other placental
mammals. We found that primates use remarkably little energy
each day, expending on average only 50% of the energy
expected for a placental mammal of similar mass. Such large
differences in TEE are not easily explained by differences
in physical activity, and instead appear to reflect systemic
metabolic adaptation for low energy expenditures in
primates. Indeed, comparisons of wild and captive primate
populations indicate similar levels of energy expenditure.
Broad interspecific comparisons of growth, reproduction, and
maximum life span indicate that primates' slow metabolic
rates contribute to their characteristically slow life
histories.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1316940111},
Key = {fds337817}
}
@article{fds337818,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {Early hominin paleoecology. Edited by MattSponheimer, Julia
A.Lee‐Thorp, Kaye E.Reed, and PeterUngar. 368 pp. Boulder,
CO: University Press of Colorado. 2013. $70.00 (cloth),
$56.00 (e‐book).},
Journal = {American Journal of Human Biology},
Volume = {26},
Number = {1},
Pages = {103-103},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22486},
Doi = {10.1002/ajhb.22486},
Key = {fds337818}
}
@article{fds337819,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Raichlen, DA and Rodman, PS},
Title = {Bipedal and quadrupedal locomotion in chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {66},
Pages = {64-82},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.10.002},
Abstract = {Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) habitually walk both bipedally
and quadrupedally, and have been a common point of reference
for understanding the evolution of bipedal locomotion in
early ape-like hominins. Here we compare the kinematics,
kinetics, and energetics of bipedal and quadrupedal walking
and running in a sample of five captive chimpanzees.
Kinematics were recorded using sagittal-plane digital
high-speed video of treadmill trials. Kinetics were recorded
via a forceplate. Metabolic energy cost was measured via
steady-state oxygen consumption during treadmill trials.
Consistent with previous work on chimpanzees and other
hominoids, we found that the spatiotemporal characteristics,
joint angles, ground reaction forces, and metabolic cost of
bipedal and quadrupedal locomotion are similar in
chimpanzees. Notable differences include hip and trunk
angles, which reflected a more orthograde trunk posture
during bipedalism, and mediolateral ground reaction forces,
which were larger during bipedal walking. Stride frequencies
were also higher (and step lengths shorter) during bipedal
trials. Bipedal and quadrupedal walking among chimpanzees
was similar to that reported for bonobos, gibbons, and other
primates. The similarity in cost between bipedal and
quadrupedal trials suggests that the adoption of bipedal
walking would have had no effect on walking costs for early
ape-like hominins. However, habitual bipedalism may have
favored modifications of the hip to allow a more orthograde
posture, and of the hind limb abductor mechanisms to
efficiently exert mediolateral ground forces.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.10.002},
Key = {fds337819}
}
@article{fds337820,
Author = {Raichlen, DA and Wood, BM and Gordon, AD and Mabulla, AZP and Marlowe,
FW and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Evidence of Levy walk foraging patterns in human
hunter-gatherers.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {111},
Number = {2},
Pages = {728-733},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1318616111},
Abstract = {When searching for food, many organisms adopt a
superdiffusive, scale-free movement pattern called a Lévy
walk, which is considered optimal when foraging for
heterogeneously located resources with little prior
knowledge of distribution patterns [Viswanathan GM, da Luz
MGE, Raposo EP, Stanley HE (2011) The Physics of Foraging:
An Introduction to Random Searches and Biological
Encounters]. Although memory of food locations and higher
cognition may limit the benefits of random walk strategies,
no studies to date have fully explored search patterns in
human foraging. Here, we show that human hunter-gatherers,
the Hadza of northern Tanzania, perform Lévy walks in
nearly one-half of all foraging bouts. Lévy walks occur
when searching for a wide variety of foods from animal prey
to underground tubers, suggesting that, even in the most
cognitively complex forager on Earth, such patterns are
essential to understanding elementary foraging mechanisms.
This movement pattern may be fundamental to how humans
experience and interact with the world across a wide range
of ecological contexts, and it may be adaptive to food
distribution patterns on the landscape, which previous
studies suggested for organisms with more limited cognition.
Additionally, Lévy walks may have become common early in
our genus when hunting and gathering arose as a major
foraging strategy, playing an important role in the
evolution of human mobility.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1318616111},
Key = {fds337820}
}
@article{fds337810,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Suchman, K and Raichlen, DA and Wood, BM and Mabulla,
AZP and Marlowe, FW},
Title = {Foot strike patterns and hind limb joint angles during
running in Hadza hunter-gatherers},
Journal = {Journal of Sport and Health Science},
Volume = {3},
Number = {2},
Pages = {95-101},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2014.03.010},
Abstract = {Background: Investigations of running gait among barefoot
and populations have revealed a diversity of foot strike
behaviors, with some preferentially employing a rearfoot
strike (RFS) as the foot touches down while others employ a
midfoot strike (MFS) or forefoot strike (FFS). Here, we
report foot strike behavior and joint angles among
traditional Hadza hunter-gatherers living in Northern
Tanzania. Methods: Hadza adults ( n=26) and juveniles (
n=14) ran at a range of speeds (adults: mean 3.4±0.7m/s,
juveniles: mean 3.2±0.5 m/s) over an outdoor trackway while
being recorded via high-speed digital video. Foot strike
type (RFS, MFS, or FFS) and hind limb segment angles at foot
strike were recorded. Results: Hadza men preferentially
employed MFS (86.7% of men), while Hadza women and juveniles
preferentially employed RFS (90.9% and 85.7% of women and
juveniles, respectively). No FFS was recorded. Speed, the
presence of footwear (sandals vs. barefoot), and trial
duration had no effect on foot strike type. Conclusion:
Unlike other habitually barefoot populations which prefer
FFS while running, Hadza men preferred MFS, and Hadza women
and juveniles preferred RFS. Sex and age differences in foot
strike behavior among Hadza adults may reflect differences
in running experience, with men learning to prefer MFS as
they accumulate more running experience. © 2014 Shanghai
University of Sport.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jshs.2014.03.010},
Key = {fds337810}
}
@article{fds337821,
Author = {Foster, AD and Raichlen, DA and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Muscle force production during bent-knee, bent-hip walking
in humans.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {65},
Number = {3},
Pages = {294-302},
Year = {2013},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.06.012},
Abstract = {Researchers have long debated the locomotor posture used by
the earliest bipeds. While many agree that by 3-4 Ma
(millions of years ago), hominins walked with an
extended-limb human style of bipedalism, researchers are
still divided over whether the earliest bipeds walked like
modern humans, or walked with a more bent-knee, bent-hip
(BKBH) ape-like form of locomotion. Since more flexed
postures are associated with higher energy costs,
reconstructing early bipedal mechanics has implications for
the selection pressures that led to upright walking. The
purpose of this study is to determine how modern human
anatomy functions in BKBH walking to clarify the links
between morphology and energy costs in different mechanical
regimes. Using inverse dynamics, we calculated muscle force
production at the major limb joints in humans walking in two
modes, both with extended limbs and BKBH. We found that in
BKBH walking, humans must produce large muscle forces at the
knee to support body weight, leading to higher estimated
energy costs. However, muscle forces at the hip remained
similar in BKBH and extended limb walking, suggesting that
anatomical adaptations for hip extension in humans do not
necessarily diminish the effective mechanical advantage at
the hip in more flexed postures. We conclude that the key
adaptations for economical walking, regardless of joint
posture, seem to center on maintaining low muscle forces at
the hip, primarily by keeping low external moments at the
hip. We explore the implications of these results for
interpreting locomotor energetics in early hominins,
including australopithecines and Ardipithecus
ramidus.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.06.012},
Key = {fds337821}
}
@article{fds337828,
Author = {Barak, MM and Lieberman, DE and Raichlen, D and Pontzer, H and Warrener,
AG and Hublin, J-J},
Title = {Trabecular evidence for a human-like gait in
Australopithecus africanus.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {8},
Number = {11},
Pages = {e77687},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077687},
Abstract = {Although the earliest known hominins were apparently upright
bipeds, there has been mixed evidence whether particular
species of hominins including those in the genus
Australopithecus walked with relatively extended hips, knees
and ankles like modern humans, or with more flexed lower
limb joints like apes when bipedal. Here we demonstrate in
chimpanzees and humans a highly predictable and sensitive
relationship between the orientation of the ankle joint
during loading and the principal orientation of trabecular
bone struts in the distal tibia that function to withstand
compressive forces within the joint. Analyses of the
orientation of these struts using microCT scans in a sample
of fossil tibiae from the site of Sterkfontein, of which two
are assigned to Australopithecus africanus, indicate that
these hominins primarily loaded their ankles in a relatively
extended posture like modern humans and unlike chimpanzees.
In other respects, however, trabecular properties in Au
africanus are distinctive, with values that mostly fall
between those of chimpanzees and humans. These results
indicate that Au. africanus, like Homo, walked with an
efficient, extended lower limb.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0077687},
Key = {fds337828}
}
@article{fds337829,
Author = {Raichlen, DA and Pontzer, H and Shapiro, LJ},
Title = {A new look at the Dynamic Similarity Hypothesis: the
importance of swing phase.},
Journal = {Biology open},
Volume = {2},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1032-1036},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/bio.20135165},
Abstract = {The Dynamic Similarity Hypothesis (DSH) suggests that when
animals of different size walk at similar Froude numbers
(equal ratios of inertial and gravitational forces) they
will use similar size-corrected gaits. This application of
similarity theory to animal biomechanics has contributed to
fundamental insights in the mechanics and evolution of a
diverse set of locomotor systems. However, despite its
popularity, many mammals fail to walk with dynamically
similar stride lengths, a key element of gait that
determines spontaneous speed and energy costs. Here, we show
that the applicability of the DSH is dependent on the
inertial forces examined. In general, the inertial forces
are thought to be the centripetal force of the inverted
pendulum model of stance phase, determined by the length of
the limb. If instead we model inertial forces as the
centripetal force of the limb acting as a suspended pendulum
during swing phase (determined by limb center of mass
position), the DSH for stride length variation is fully
supported. Thus, the DSH shows that inter-specific
differences in spatial kinematics are tied to the evolution
of limb mass distribution patterns. Selection may act on
morphology to produce a given stride length, or
alternatively, stride length may be a "spandrel" of
selection acting on limb mass distribution.},
Doi = {10.1242/bio.20135165},
Key = {fds337829}
}
@article{fds337822,
Author = {Ocobock, C and Pontzer, H and Gookin, J},
Title = {Measuring and predicting daily energy expenditure of highly
active humans in natural environments.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {150},
Pages = {210-210},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337822}
}
@article{fds337823,
Author = {Webb, NM and Harcourt-Smith, WEH and Pontzer, H},
Title = {An analysis of the Ardipithecus ramidus pelvis
reconstruction using 3D geometric morphometric
techniques.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {150},
Pages = {287-287},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337823}
}
@article{fds337824,
Author = {Laird, MF and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Occlusal surfaces and chewing efficiency in modern
humans.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {150},
Pages = {176-177},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337824}
}
@article{fds337825,
Author = {Darr, MR and Pontzer, H and Warrener, A},
Title = {The bicondylar angle in modern humans and its relationship
to joint stresses and locomotor economy},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {150},
Pages = {108-108},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337825}
}
@article{fds337826,
Author = {Green, SA and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Comparing forelimb skeletal anatomy in gray squirrels and
primates},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {150},
Pages = {136-136},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337826}
}
@article{fds337827,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Raichlen, DA and Gordon, AD and Schroepfer, KK and Hare,
B and Dunsworth, HM and Wood, BM and Irwin, MT and Shumaker, RW and Lonsdorf, EV and Ross, SR},
Title = {Primate energy expenditure and life history.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {150},
Pages = {223-223},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337827}
}
@article{fds337830,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {Ecological energetics in early Homo},
Journal = {Current Anthropology},
Volume = {53},
Number = {SUPPL. 6},
Pages = {S346-S358},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Year = {2012},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/667402},
Abstract = {Models for the origin of the genus Homo propose that
increased quality of diet led to changes in ranging ecology
and selection for greater locomotor economy, speed, and
endurance. Here, I examine the fossil evidence for
postcranial change in early Homo and draw on comparative
data from living mammals to assess whether increased diet
quality has led to selection for improved locomotor
performance in other lineages. Body mass estimates indicate
early Homo, both males and females, were approximately 33%
larger than australopiths, consistent with archeological
evidence indicating an ecological change with the origins of
our genus. However, many of the postcranial features thought
to be derived in Homo, including longer hind limbs, are
present in Australopithecus, challenging the hypothesis that
early Homo is marked by significant change in walking and
running performance. Analysis of energy budgets across
mammals suggests that the larger body mass and increased
diet quality in early Homo may reflect an increase in the
hominin energy budget. Expanding the energy budget would
enable greater investment in reproduction without decreasing
energy available for larger brains or increased activity.
Food sharing and increased adiposity, which decrease
variance in food energy availability, may have been integral
to this metabolic strategy. © 2012 by The Wenner-Gren
Foundation for Anthropological Research.All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1086/667402},
Key = {fds337830}
}
@article{fds337831,
Author = {Dunsworth, HM and Warrener, AG and Deacon, T and Ellison, PT and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Metabolic hypothesis for human altriciality.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {109},
Number = {38},
Pages = {15212-15216},
Year = {2012},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1205282109},
Abstract = {The classic anthropological hypothesis known as the
"obstetrical dilemma" is a well-known explanation for human
altriciality, a condition that has significant implications
for human social and behavioral evolution. The hypothesis
holds that antagonistic selection for a large neonatal brain
and a narrow, bipedal-adapted birth canal poses a problem
for childbirth; the hominin "solution" is to truncate
gestation, resulting in an altricial neonate. This
explanation for human altriciality based on pelvic
constraints persists despite data linking human life history
to that of other species. Here, we present evidence that
challenges the importance of pelvic morphology and mechanics
in the evolution of human gestation and altriciality.
Instead, our analyses suggest that limits to maternal
metabolism are the primary constraints on human gestation
length and fetal growth. Although pelvic remodeling and
encephalization during hominin evolution contributed to the
present parturitional difficulty, there is little evidence
that pelvic constraints have altered the timing of
birth.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1205282109},
Key = {fds337831}
}
@article{fds337832,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {Relating ranging ecology, limb length, and locomotor economy
in terrestrial animals.},
Journal = {Journal of theoretical biology},
Volume = {296},
Pages = {6-12},
Year = {2012},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.11.018},
Abstract = {Ecomorphological analyses have identified a number of
important evolutionary trends in vertebrate limb design, but
the relationships between daily travel distance, locomotor
ecology, and limb length in terrestrial animals remain
poorly understood. In this paper I model the net rate of
energy intake as a function of foraging efficiency, and thus
of locomotor economy; improved economy leads to greater net
energy intake. However, the relationship between locomotor
economy and net intake is highly dependent on foraging
efficiency; only species with low foraging efficiencies
experience strong selection pressure for improved locomotor
economy and increased limb length. Examining 237 terrestrial
species, I find that nearly all taxa obtain sufficiently
high foraging efficiencies that selection for further
increases in economy is weak. Thus selection pressures for
increased economy and limb length among living terrestrial
animals may be relatively weak and similar in magnitude
across ecologically diverse species. The Economy Selection
Pressure model for locomotor economy may be useful in
investigating the evolution of limb design in early
terrestrial taxa and the coevolution of foraging ecology and
locomotor anatomy in lineages with low foraging
efficiencies.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.11.018},
Key = {fds337832}
}
@article{fds337837,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Raichlen, DA and Wood, BM and Mabulla, AZP and Racette,
SB and Marlowe, FW},
Title = {Hunter-gatherer energetics and human obesity.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {7},
Number = {7},
Pages = {e40503},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040503},
Abstract = {Western lifestyles differ markedly from those of our
hunter-gatherer ancestors, and these differences in diet and
activity level are often implicated in the global obesity
pandemic. However, few physiological data for
hunter-gatherer populations are available to test these
models of obesity. In this study, we used the doubly-labeled
water method to measure total daily energy expenditure
(kCal/day) in Hadza hunter-gatherers to test whether
foragers expend more energy each day than their Western
counterparts. As expected, physical activity level, PAL, was
greater among Hadza foragers than among Westerners.
Nonetheless, average daily energy expenditure of traditional
Hadza foragers was no different than that of Westerners
after controlling for body size. The metabolic cost of
walking (kcal kg(-1) m(-1)) and resting (kcal kg(-1) s(-1))
were also similar among Hadza and Western groups. The
similarity in metabolic rates across a broad range of
cultures challenges current models of obesity suggesting
that Western lifestyles lead to decreased energy
expenditure. We hypothesize that human daily energy
expenditure may be an evolved physiological trait largely
independent of cultural differences.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0040503},
Key = {fds337837}
}
@article{fds337833,
Author = {Raichlen, DA and Pontzer, H and Wood, BM and Mabulla, AZP and Marlowe,
FW},
Title = {Aerobic activity in the Hadza hunter-foragers of
Tanzania},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {147},
Pages = {243-243},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337833}
}
@article{fds337834,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {Relating foraging ecology to locomotor economy and limb
length in living apes and fossil hominins},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {147},
Pages = {239-239},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337834}
}
@article{fds337835,
Author = {Laird, MF and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Biomechanical relationships between chewing efficiency and
dental morphology in modern humans.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {147},
Pages = {188-188},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337835}
}
@article{fds337836,
Author = {Schroepfer, KK and Hare, B and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Energy expenditure in semi free-ranging chimpanzees measured
using doubly labeled water.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {147},
Pages = {263-263},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337836}
}
@article{fds337838,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Scott, JR and Lordkipanidze, D and Ungar,
PS},
Title = {Dental microwear texture analysis and diet in the Dmanisi
hominins.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {61},
Number = {6},
Pages = {683-687},
Year = {2011},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.08.006},
Abstract = {Reconstructions of foraging behavior and diet are central to
our understanding of fossil hominin ecology and evolution.
Current hypotheses for the evolution of the genus Homo
invoke a change in foraging behavior to include higher
quality foods. Recent microwear texture analyses of fossil
hominin teeth have suggested that the evolution of Homo
erectus may have been marked by a transition to a more
variable diet. In this study, we used microwear texture
analysis to examine the occlusal surface of 2 molars from
Dmanisi, a 1.8 million year old fossil hominin site in the
Republic of Georgia. The Dmanisi molars were characterized
by a moderate degree of surface complexity (Asfc), low
textural fill volume (Tfv), and a relatively low scale of
maximum complexity (Smc), similar to specimens of early
African H. erectus. While caution must be used in drawing
conclusions from this small sample (n = 2), these results
are consistent with continuity in diet as H. erectus
expanded into Eurasia.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.08.006},
Key = {fds337838}
}
@article{fds337839,
Author = {Orkin, JD and Pontzer, H},
Title = {The Narrow Niche hypothesis: gray squirrels shed new light
on primate origins.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {144},
Number = {4},
Pages = {617-624},
Year = {2011},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21450},
Abstract = {Current hypotheses for primate origins propose that nails
and primate-like grasping hands and feet were important
early adaptations for feeding in fine branches. Comparative
research in this area has focused on instances of
convergence in extant animals, showing that species with
primate-like morphology feed predominantly from terminal
branches. Little has been done to test whether animals
without primate-like morphology engage in similar behavior.
We tested the fine-branch niche hypothesis for primate
origins by observing branch use in Eastern gray squirrels,
Sciurus carolinensis, a species lacking primate grasping
adaptations that has been understudied in the context of
primate origins. We hypothesized that because gray squirrels
lack primate-like grasping adaptations, they would avoid
feeding and foraging in terminal branches. Instantaneous
focal animal sampling was used to examine the locomotor and
postural behaviors used while feeding and foraging. Our
results demonstrate habitual and effective usage of terminal
branches by gray squirrels while feeding and foraging,
primarily on tree seeds (e.g., oak, maple, and elm).
Discriminant function analysis indicates that gray squirrels
feed and forage like primates, unlike some other tree
squirrel species. Given the absence of primate-like features
in gray squirrels, we suggest that although selection for
fine-branch foraging may be a necessary condition for
primate origins, it is not sufficient. We propose an
alternative model of primate origins. The Narrow Niche
hypothesis suggests that the primate morphological suite
evolved not only from selection pressure for fine branch
use, but also from a lack of engagement in other
activities.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.21450},
Key = {fds337839}
}
@article{fds337840,
Author = {Maki, JM and Pontzer, H},
Title = {The relative contributions of the body and the throwing arm
to throwing velocity in softball and baseball
players},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {51},
Pages = {E223-E223},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2011},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds337840}
}
@article{fds337841,
Author = {Ocobock, C and Pontzer, H and Gookin, J and Baynes,
S},
Title = {A new multivariate model for predicting daily energy
expenditure in active human populations},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {51},
Pages = {E102-E102},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2011},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds337841}
}
@article{fds337842,
Author = {Dunsworth, H and Warrener, A and Pontzer, H},
Title = {LIFE HISTORY JUST ISN'T HIP: HUMAN EVOLUTION WITHOUT AN
'OBSTETRIC DILEMMA'},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY},
Volume = {31},
Pages = {102-102},
Publisher = {SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337842}
}
@article{fds337843,
Author = {Wood, BM and Raichlen, DA and Pontzer, H and Jones, JH and Mabulla, AZP and Marlowe, FW},
Title = {Keeping their friends close? Contrasting models of social
association in Hadza hunter-gatherers},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {144},
Pages = {314-314},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337843}
}
@article{fds337844,
Author = {Ocobock, C and Pontzer, H and Gookin, J and Baynes,
S},
Title = {Daily energy expenditure in highly active humans in a
natural temperate environment.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {144},
Pages = {227-227},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337844}
}
@article{fds337845,
Author = {Raichlen, DA and Wood, BM and Pontzer, H and Mabulla, AZP and Marlowe,
FW},
Title = {Levy walks in hunter-gatherers: when are random walks an
optimal search strategy?},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {144},
Pages = {246-247},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337845}
}
@article{fds337846,
Author = {Dunsworth, H and Pontzer, H and Deacon, T},
Title = {Energetics-not pelvic constraints-determine human gestation
length and altriciality},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {144},
Pages = {129-129},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337846}
}
@article{fds337847,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Raichlen, DA and Wood, BM and Mabulla, AZP and Marlowe,
FW},
Title = {Hadza forager energetics and the evolution of the human
metabolic strategy.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {144},
Pages = {242-242},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337847}
}
@article{fds337848,
Author = {Cowgill, LW and Warrener, A and Pontzer, H and Ocobock,
C},
Title = {Waddling and toddling: the biomechanical effects of an
immature gait.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {143},
Number = {1},
Pages = {52-61},
Year = {2010},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21289},
Abstract = {Femoral shape changes during the course of human growth,
transitioning from a subcircular tube to a teardrop-shaped
diaphysis with a posterior pilaster. Differences between
immature and mature bipedalism and body shape may generate
different loads, which, in turn, may influence femoral
modeling and remodeling during the course of the human
lifespan. This study uses two different approaches to
evaluate the hypotheses that differences in gait between
young and mature walkers result in differences in ground
reaction forces (GRFs) and that the differences in loading
regimes between young children and adults will be reflected
in the geometric structure of the midshaft femur. The
results of this analysis indicate that GRFs differ between
young walkers and adults in that normalized mediolateral
(ML) forces are significantly higher in younger age groups.
In addition, these differences between children and adults
in the relative level of ML bending force are reflected in
changes in femoral geometry during growth. During the
earlier stages of human development, immature femoral
diaphyses are heavily reinforced in approximately ML plane.
The differences in gait between mature and immature walkers,
and hence the differences in femoral shape, are likely
partially a product of a minimal bicondylar angle and
relatively broad body in young children.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.21289},
Key = {fds337848}
}
@article{fds337849,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Raichlen, DA and Shumaker, RW and Ocobock, C and Wich,
SA},
Title = {Metabolic adaptation for low energy throughput in
orangutans.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {107},
Number = {32},
Pages = {14048-14052},
Year = {2010},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1001031107},
Abstract = {Energy is the fundamental currency of life--needed for
growth, repair, and reproduction--but little is known about
the metabolic physiology and evolved energy use strategies
of the great apes, our closest evolutionary relatives. Here
we report daily energy use in free-living orangutans (Pongo
spp.) and test whether observed differences in energy
expenditure among orangutans, humans, and other mammals
reflect known differences in life history. Using the doubly
labeled water method, we measured daily energy expenditure
(kCal/d) in orangutans living in a large indoor/outdoor
habitat at the Great Ape Trust. Despite activity levels
similar to orangutans in the wild, Great Ape Trust
orangutans used less energy, relative to body mass, than
nearly any eutherian mammal ever measured, including
sedentary humans. Such an extremely low rate of energy use
has not been observed previously in primates, but is
consistent with the slow growth and low rate of reproduction
in orangutans, and may be an evolutionary response to severe
food shortages in their native Southeast Asian rainforests.
These results hold important implications for the management
of orangutan populations in captivity and in the wild, and
underscore the flexibility and interdependence of
physiological, behavioral, and life history strategies in
the evolution of apes and humans.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1001031107},
Key = {fds337849}
}
@article{fds337850,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Rolian, C and Rightmire, GP and Jashashvili, T and Ponce
de León, MS and Lordkipanidze, D and Zollikofer,
CPE},
Title = {Locomotor anatomy and biomechanics of the Dmanisi
hominins.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {58},
Number = {6},
Pages = {492-504},
Year = {2010},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.03.006},
Abstract = {The Dmanisi hominins inhabited a northern temperate habitat
in the southern Caucasus, approximately 1.8 million years
ago. This is the oldest population of hominins known outside
of Africa. Understanding the set of anatomical and
behavioral traits that equipped this population to exploit
their seasonal habitat successfully may shed light on the
selection pressures shaping early members of the genus Homo
and the ecological strategies that permitted the expansion
of their range outside of the African subtropics. The
abundant stone tools at the site, as well as taphonomic
evidence for butchery, suggest that the Dmanisi hominins
were active hunters or scavengers. In this study, we examine
the locomotor mechanics of the Dmanisi hind limb to test the
hypothesis that the inclusion of meat in the diet is
associated with an increase in walking and running economy
and endurance. Using comparative data from modern humans,
chimpanzees, and gorillas, as well as other fossil hominins,
we show that the Dmanisi hind limb was functionally similar
to modern humans, with a longitudinal plantar arch,
increased limb length, and human-like ankle morphology.
Other aspects of the foot, specifically metatarsal
morphology and tibial torsion, are less derived and similar
to earlier hominins. These results are consistent with
hypotheses linking hunting and scavenging to improved
walking and running performance in early Homo. Primitive
retentions in the Dmanisi foot suggest that locomotor
evolution continued through the early Pleistocene.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.03.006},
Key = {fds337850}
}
@article{fds337851,
Author = {Joganic, JL and Pontzer, H and Verrelli, BC},
Title = {The hungry brain: An assessment of liver size correlation
with brain size as it relates to energy storage trade-offs
across primate evolution.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {135-135},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337851}
}
@article{fds337852,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Raichlen, DA and Wood, BM},
Title = {Hominoid daily energy expenditure and the Human
Paradox.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {191-191},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337852}
}
@article{fds337853,
Author = {Ocobock, C and Pontzer, H and Erez, T and Maki, J},
Title = {Climatic and physiological constraints on human body size
and shape.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {180-180},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337853}
}
@article{fds337864,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Allen, V and Hutchinson, JR},
Title = {Biomechanics of running indicates endothermy in bipedal
dinosaurs.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {4},
Number = {11},
Pages = {e7783},
Year = {2009},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007783},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>One of the great unresolved controversies
in paleobiology is whether extinct dinosaurs were
endothermic, ectothermic, or some combination thereof, and
when endothermy first evolved in the lineage leading to
birds. Although it is well established that high, sustained
growth rates and, presumably, high activity levels are
ancestral for dinosaurs and pterosaurs (clade Ornithodira),
other independent lines of evidence for high metabolic
rates, locomotor costs, or endothermy are needed. For
example, some studies have suggested that, because large
dinosaurs may have been homeothermic due to their size alone
and could have had heat loss problems, ectothermy would be a
more plausible metabolic strategy for such
animals.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Here we
describe two new biomechanical approaches for reconstructing
the metabolic rate of 14 extinct bipedal dinosauriforms
during walking and running. These methods, well validated
for extant animals, indicate that during walking and slow
running the metabolic rate of at least the larger extinct
dinosaurs exceeded the maximum aerobic capabilities of
modern ectotherms, falling instead within the range of
modern birds and mammals. Estimated metabolic rates for
smaller dinosaurs are more ambiguous, but generally approach
or exceed the ectotherm boundary.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Our
results support the hypothesis that endothermy was
widespread in at least larger non-avian dinosaurs. It was
plausibly ancestral for all dinosauriforms (perhaps
Ornithodira), but this is perhaps more strongly indicated by
high growth rates than by locomotor costs. The polarity of
the evolution of endothermy indicates that rapid growth,
insulation, erect postures, and perhaps aerobic power
predated advanced "avian" lung structure and high locomotor
costs.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0007783},
Key = {fds337864}
}
@article{fds337854,
Author = {Raichlen, DA and Pontzer, H and Shapiro, LJ and Sockol,
MD},
Title = {Understanding hind limb weight support in chimpanzees with
implications for the evolution of primate
locomotion.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {138},
Number = {4},
Pages = {395-402},
Year = {2009},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20952},
Abstract = {Most quadrupedal mammals support a larger amount of body
weight on their forelimbs compared with their hind limbs
during locomotion, whereas most primates support more of
their body weight on their hind limbs. Increased hind limb
weight support is generally interpreted as an adaptation
that reduces stress on primates' highly mobile forelimb
joints. Thus, increased hind limb weight support was likely
vital for the evolution of primate arboreality. Despite its
evolutionary importance, the mechanism used by primates to
achieve this important kinetic pattern remains unclear.
Here, we examine weight support patterns in a sample of
chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to test the hypothesis that
limb position, combined with whole body center of mass
position (COM), explains increased hind limb weight support
in this taxon. Chimpanzees have a COM midway between their
shoulders and hips and walk with a relatively protracted
hind limb and a relatively vertical forelimb, averaged over
a step. Thus, the limb kinematics of chimpanzees brings
their feet closer to the COM than their hands, generating
greater hind limb weight support. Comparative data suggest
that these same factors likely explain weight support
patterns for a broader sample of primates. It remains
unclear whether primates use these limb kinematics to
increase hind limb weight support, or whether they are
byproducts of other gait characteristics. The latter
hypothesis raises the intriguing possibility that primate
weight support patterns actually evolved as byproducts of
other traits, or spandrels, rather than as adaptations to
increase forelimb mobility.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20952},
Key = {fds337854}
}
@article{fds337855,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Holloway IV and JH and Raichlen, DA and Lieberman,
DE},
Title = {Control and function of arm swing in human walking and
running (Journal of Experimental Biology 212
(523-534))},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology},
Volume = {212},
Number = {6},
Pages = {894},
Publisher = {The Company of Biologists},
Year = {2009},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.030478},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.030478},
Key = {fds337855}
}
@article{fds337858,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Holloway, JH and Raichlen, DA and Lieberman,
DE},
Title = {Control and function of arm swing in human walking and
running.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Volume = {212},
Number = {Pt 4},
Pages = {523-534},
Year = {2009},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.024927},
Abstract = {We investigated the control and function of arm swing in
human walking and running to test the hypothesis that the
arms act as passive mass dampers powered by movement of the
lower body, rather than being actively driven by the
shoulder muscles. We measured locomotor cost, deltoid muscle
activity and kinematics in 10 healthy adult subjects while
walking and running on a treadmill in three experimental
conditions: control; no arms (arms folded across the chest);
and arm weights (weights worn at the elbow). Decreasing and
increasing the moment of inertia of the upper body in no
arms and arm weights conditions, respectively, had
corresponding effects on head yaw and on the phase
differences between shoulder and pelvis rotation, consistent
with the view of arms as mass dampers. Angular acceleration
of the shoulders and arm increased with torsion of the trunk
and shoulder, respectively, but angular acceleration of the
shoulders was not inversely related to angular acceleration
of the pelvis or arm. Restricting arm swing in no arms
trials had no effect on locomotor cost. Anterior and
posterior portions of the deltoid contracted simultaneously
rather than firing alternately to drive the arm. These
results support a passive arm swing hypothesis for upper
body movement during human walking and running, in which the
trunk and shoulders act primarily as elastic linkages
between the pelvis, shoulder girdle and arms, the arms act
as passive mass dampers which reduce torso and head
rotation, and upper body movement is primarily powered by
lower body movement.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.024927},
Key = {fds337858}
}
@article{fds337856,
Author = {Ocobock, CJ and Pontzer, H and Maki, J},
Title = {Modification of limb inertial properties leads to persistent
changes in neural control of walking in humans},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {49},
Pages = {E283-E283},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2009},
Month = {February},
Key = {fds337856}
}
@article{fds337857,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Kamilar, J},
Title = {Greater Ranging Associated with Greater Reproductive
Investment in Mammals: A New Perspective on Foraging
Economics},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {49},
Pages = {E137-E137},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2009},
Month = {February},
Key = {fds337857}
}
@article{fds337865,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Raichlen, DA and Sockol, MD},
Title = {The metabolic cost of walking in humans, chimpanzees, and
early hominins.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {56},
Number = {1},
Pages = {43-54},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.09.001},
Abstract = {Bipedalism is a defining feature of the hominin lineage, but
the nature and efficiency of early hominin walking remains
the focus of much debate. Here, we investigate walking cost
in early hominins using experimental data from humans and
chimpanzees. We use gait and energetics data from humans,
and from chimpanzees walking bipedally and quadrupedally, to
test a new model linking locomotor anatomy and posture to
walking cost. We then use this model to reconstruct
locomotor cost for early, ape-like hominins and for the A.L.
288 Australopithecus afarensis specimen. Results of the
model indicate that hind limb length, posture (effective
mechanical advantage), and muscle fascicle length contribute
nearly equally to differences in walking cost between humans
and chimpanzees. Further, relatively small changes in these
variables would decrease the cost of bipedalism in an early
chimpanzee-like biped below that of quadrupedal apes.
Estimates of walking cost in A.L. 288, over a range of
hypothetical postures from crouched to fully extended, are
below those of quadrupedal apes, but above those of modern
humans. These results indicate that walking cost in early
hominins was likely similar to or below that of their
quadrupedal ape-like forebears, and that by the
mid-Pliocene, hominin walking was less costly than that of
other apes. This supports the hypothesis that locomotor
energy economy was an important evolutionary pressure on
hominin bipedalism.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.09.001},
Key = {fds337865}
}
@article{fds337866,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Kamilar, JM},
Title = {Great ranging associated with greater reproductive
investment in mammals.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {106},
Number = {1},
Pages = {192-196},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0806105106},
Abstract = {Most animals must travel to find food, incurring an
unavoidable energy and time cost. Economic theory predicts,
and experimental work confirms, that within species,
increasing the distance traveled each day to find food has
negative fitness consequences, decreasing the amount of
energy invested in maintenance, repair, and reproduction.
Here, we show that this relationship between daily distance
traveled and reproductive success is fundamentally different
between species and over evolutionary time in many lineages.
Phylogenetically controlled analyses of 161 eutherian
mammals indicate that, after controlling for body mass,
evolutionary increases in the daily distance traveled are
associated with corresponding increases in both total
fertility (number of offspring per lifetime) and total
offspring mass (grams of offspring per lifetime). This
suggests that over evolutionary time, increasing travel
distance is often part of a strategy for procuring more food
energy and not necessarily a response to decreased food
availability. These results have important implications for
ecological comparisons among species, including assessments
of habitat quality based on locomotor behavior.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0806105106},
Key = {fds337866}
}
@article{fds337859,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Ocobock, C and Shumaker, RW and Raichlen,
DA},
Title = {Daily energy expenditure in orangutans measured using doubly
labeled water},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {213-213},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337859}
}
@article{fds337860,
Author = {Erez, T and Smart, WD and Pontzer, H},
Title = {A new computational method for simulation and optimization
of hominin gait},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {125-125},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337860}
}
@article{fds337861,
Author = {Foster, AD and Raichlen, DA and Pontzer, H and Sockol,
MD},
Title = {Muscle force production during bent-knee, bent-hip walking
in humans.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {129-129},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337861}
}
@article{fds337862,
Author = {Ocobock, T and Pontzer, H and Atkinson, E and Shumaker, RW and Wittman,
AB},
Title = {Locomotor developmental timing in humans and other
apes},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {201-201},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337862}
}
@article{fds337863,
Author = {Wittman, AB and Cowgill, LW and Pontzer, H and Ocobock,
C},
Title = {Waddling and toddling: biomechanical effects of an immature
gait.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {93-93},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337863}
}
@article{fds337868,
Author = {Carter, ML and Pontzer, H and Wrangham, RW and Peterhans,
JK},
Title = {Skeletal pathology in Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii in
Kibale National Park, Uganda.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {135},
Number = {4},
Pages = {389-403},
Year = {2008},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20758},
Abstract = {The ecological pressures shaping chimpanzee anatomy and
behavior are the subject of much discussion in primatology
and paleoanthropology, yet empirical data on fundamental
parameters including body size, morbidity, and mortality are
rare for wild chimpanzees. Here, we present skeletal
pathology and body size data for 20 (19 crania, 12
postcrania) chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)
from Kibale National Park, Uganda. We compare these data
with other East African populations, especially Gombe
National Park. Estimated body size for Kibale chimpanzees
was similar to other East African populations and
significantly larger than Gombe chimpanzees. The high rates
of trauma and other skeletal pathology evident in the Kibale
chimpanzee skeletons were similar to those in the Gombe
skeletal sample. Much of the major skeletal trauma in the
Kibale skeletons was attributable to falls, although other
pathologies were noted as well, including apparent injuries
from snares, degenerative arthritis, and minor congenital
abnormalities.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20758},
Key = {fds337868}
}
@article{fds337867,
Author = {Raichlen, D and Pontzer, H and Sockol, M},
Title = {Are Two Legs Better than Four? Comparative Biomechanics &
the Evolution of Human Walking & Running},
Journal = {FASEB JOURNAL},
Volume = {22},
Pages = {1 pages},
Publisher = {FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL},
Year = {2008},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds337867}
}
@article{fds337874,
Author = {Raichlen, DA and Pontzer, H and Sockol, MD},
Title = {The Laetoli footprints and early hominin locomotor
kinematics.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {54},
Number = {1},
Pages = {112-117},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.07.005},
Abstract = {A critical question in human evolution is whether the
earliest bipeds walked with a bent-hip, bent-knee gait or on
more extended hindlimbs. The differences between these gaits
are not trivial, because the adoption of either has
important implications for the evolution of bipedalism. In
this study, we re-examined the Laetoli footprints to
determine whether they can provide information on the
locomotor posture of early hominins. Previous researchers
have suggested that the stride lengths of Laetoli hominins
fall within the range of modern human stride lengths and
therefore, Laetoli hominins walked with modern-human-like
kinematics. Using a dynamic-similarity analysis, we compared
Laetoli hominin stride lengths with those of both modern
humans and chimpanzees. Our results indicate that Laetoli
hominins could have used either a bent-hip, bent-knee gait,
similar to a chimpanzee, or an extended-hindlimb gait,
similar to a human. In fact, our data suggest that the
Laetoli hominins could have walked near their preferred
speeds using either limb posture. This result contrasts with
most previous studies, which suggest relatively slow walking
speeds for these early bipeds. Despite the many attempts to
discern limb-joint kinematics from Laetoli stride lengths,
our study concludes that stride lengths alone do not resolve
the debate over early hominin locomotor postures.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.07.005},
Key = {fds337874}
}
@article{fds337869,
Author = {Wittman, AB and Pontzer, H},
Title = {The effect of pelvic dimorphism on locomotor cost: are women
less efficient than men?},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {69-69},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337869}
}
@article{fds337870,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Raichlen, DA and Sockol, MD},
Title = {Endurance versus efficiency in humans and chimpanzees: a new
look at the old problem of becoming bipedal},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {173-173},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337870}
}
@article{fds337871,
Author = {Maki, J and Pontzer, H},
Title = {A predictive model for hominid lower limb length based on
mean annual temperature, day range and body
mass.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {147-147},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337871}
}
@article{fds337872,
Author = {Orkin, JD and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Is primate-like grasping needed for fine branch feeding?
Terminal branch use in eastern gray squirrels, Sciurus
carolinensis.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {166-166},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337872}
}
@article{fds337873,
Author = {Watsa, M and Pontzer, HD},
Title = {Does increased ranging effort lead to fewer wasted menstrual
cycles?},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {218-218},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337873}
}
@article{fds337875,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Raichlen, DA and Sockol, MD},
Title = {Locomotor energetics in chimpanzees, humans, and extinct
hominins: Contributions of muscular and skeletal
anatomy},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY},
Volume = {268},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1118-1118},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds337875}
}
@article{fds337876,
Author = {Lordkipanidze, D and Jashashvili, T and Vekua, A and Ponce de León,
MS and Zollikofer, CPE and Rightmire, GP and Pontzer, H and Ferring, R and Oms, O and Tappen, M and Bukhsianidze, M and Agusti, J and Kahlke, R and Kiladze, G and Martinez-Navarro, B and Mouskhelishvili, A and Nioradze, M and Rook, L},
Title = {Postcranial evidence from early Homo from Dmanisi,
Georgia.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {449},
Number = {7160},
Pages = {305-310},
Year = {2007},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06134},
Abstract = {The Plio-Pleistocene site of Dmanisi, Georgia, has yielded a
rich fossil and archaeological record documenting an early
presence of the genus Homo outside Africa. Although the
craniomandibular morphology of early Homo is well known as a
result of finds from Dmanisi and African localities, data
about its postcranial morphology are still relatively
scarce. Here we describe newly excavated postcranial
material from Dmanisi comprising a partial skeleton of an
adolescent individual, associated with skull D2700/D2735,
and the remains from three adult individuals. This material
shows that the postcranial anatomy of the Dmanisi hominins
has a surprising mosaic of primitive and derived features.
The primitive features include a small body size, a low
encephalization quotient and absence of humeral torsion; the
derived features include modern-human-like body proportions
and lower limb morphology indicative of the capability for
long-distance travel. Thus, the earliest known hominins to
have lived outside of Africa in the temperate zones of
Eurasia did not yet display the full set of derived skeletal
features.},
Doi = {10.1038/nature06134},
Key = {fds337876}
}
@article{fds337877,
Author = {Sockol, MD and Raichlen, DA and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Chimpanzee locomotor energetics and the origin of human
bipedalism.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {104},
Number = {30},
Pages = {12265-12269},
Year = {2007},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0703267104},
Abstract = {Bipedal walking is evident in the earliest hominins
[Zollikofer CPE, Ponce de Leon MS, Lieberman DE, Guy F,
Pilbeam D, et al. (2005) Nature 434:755-759], but why our
unique two-legged gait evolved remains unknown. Here, we
analyze walking energetics and biomechanics for adult
chimpanzees and humans to investigate the long-standing
hypothesis that bipedalism reduced the energy cost of
walking compared with our ape-like ancestors [Rodman PS,
McHenry HM (1980) Am J Phys Anthropol 52:103-106].
Consistent with previous work on juvenile chimpanzees
[Taylor CR, Rowntree VJ (1973) Science 179:186-187], we find
that bipedal and quadrupedal walking costs are not
significantly different in our sample of adult chimpanzees.
However, a more detailed analysis reveals significant
differences in bipedal and quadrupedal cost in most
individuals, which are masked when subjects are examined as
a group. Furthermore, human walking is approximately 75%
less costly than both quadrupedal and bipedal walking in
chimpanzees. Variation in cost between bipedal and
quadrupedal walking, as well as between chimpanzees and
humans, is well explained by biomechanical differences in
anatomy and gait, with the decreased cost of human walking
attributable to our more extended hip and a longer hindlimb.
Analyses of these features in early fossil hominins, coupled
with analyses of bipedal walking in chimpanzees, indicate
that bipedalism in early, ape-like hominins could indeed
have been less costly than quadrupedal knucklewalking.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0703267104},
Key = {fds337877}
}
@article{fds337878,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {Effective limb length and the scaling of locomotor cost in
terrestrial animals.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Volume = {210},
Number = {Pt 10},
Pages = {1752-1761},
Year = {2007},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.002246},
Abstract = {Relative to body size, smaller animals use more energy to
travel a given distance than larger animals, but the
anatomical variable driving this negative allometry remains
the subject of debate. Here, I report a simple inverse
relationship between effective limb length (i.e. hip height)
and the energy cost of transport (COT; J kg(-1) m(-1)) for
terrestrial animals. Using published data for a diverse set
of terrestrial species including birds, mammals, reptiles
and arthropods, I show that between-species differences in
locomotor cost are driven by differences in limb length.
Notably, there is no independent effect of body mass on
cost. Remarkably, effective limb length explains 98% of the
observed variance in locomotor cost across a wide range of
terrestrial species including mammals, birds, reptiles and
arthropods. Variation about the limb-length/COT scaling
relationship is attributable to taxonomic differences in
limb design, with birds and arthropods exhibiting greater
residuals than mammals. Differences in COT between
semi-aquatic, generalist and cursorial species also
corresponds to differences in leg length between these
groups. These results are discussed in light of previous
investigations of the limb length and locomotor
cost.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.002246},
Key = {fds337878}
}
@article{fds337879,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {Predicting the energy cost of terrestrial locomotion: a test
of the LiMb model in humans and quadrupeds.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Volume = {210},
Number = {Pt 3},
Pages = {484-494},
Year = {2007},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.02662},
Abstract = {The energy cost of terrestrial locomotion has been linked to
the muscle forces generated to support body weight and swing
the limbs. The LiMb model predicts these forces, and hence
locomotor cost, as a function of limb length and basic
kinematic variables. Here, I test this model in humans,
goats and dogs in order to assess the performance of the
LiMb model in predicting locomotor cost for bipeds and
quadrupeds. Model predictions were compared to observed
locomotor cost, measured via oxygen consumption, during
treadmill trials performed over a range of speeds for both
walking and running gaits. The LiMb model explained more of
the variation in locomotor cost than other predictors,
including contact time, Froude number and body mass. The
LiMb model also accurately predicted the magnitude of
vertical ground forces. Results suggest the LiMb model
reliably links locomotor anatomy to force production and
locomotor cost. Further, these data support the idea that
limb length may underlie the scaling of locomotor cost for
terrestrial animals.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.02662},
Key = {fds337879}
}
@article{fds337880,
Author = {Raichlen, DA and Pontzer, H and Sockol, MD},
Title = {Joint kinetics in chimpanzees and other mammals: Are large
bodied primates unique?},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {194-194},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2007},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337880}
}
@article{fds337881,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Raichlen, DA and Sockol, MD},
Title = {Contributions of muscular and skeletal morphology to
locomotor performance: How much can bones tell us about
locomotion?},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {191-191},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2007},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337881}
}
@article{fds337882,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Raichlen, DA and Sockol, MD},
Title = {Niche expansion of a cryptic primate, Callimico goeldii,
during polyspecific associations.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {191-191},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2007},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337882}
}
@article{fds337883,
Author = {Raichlen, DA and Pontzer, H and Sockol, MD},
Title = {The energetics of quadrupedal and bipedal locomotion in
chimpanzees},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {46},
Pages = {E114-E114},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2006},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds337883}
}
@article{fds337884,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Raichlen, DA and Lieberman, DE},
Title = {Is arm swing active or passive during human walking and
running?},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {46},
Pages = {E112-E112},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2006},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds337884}
}
@article{fds337885,
Author = {Lieberman, DE and Raichlen, DA and Pontzer, H and Bramble, DM and Cutright-Smith, E},
Title = {The human gluteus maximus and its role in
running.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Volume = {209},
Number = {Pt 11},
Pages = {2143-2155},
Year = {2006},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.02255},
Abstract = {The human gluteus maximus is a distinctive muscle in terms
of size, anatomy and function compared to apes and other
non-human primates. Here we employ electromyographic and
kinematic analyses of human subjects to test the hypothesis
that the human gluteus maximus plays a more important role
in running than walking. The results indicate that the
gluteus maximus is mostly quiescent with low levels of
activity during level and uphill walking, but increases
substantially in activity and alters its timing with respect
to speed during running. The major functions of the gluteus
maximus during running are to control flexion of the trunk
on the stance-side and to decelerate the swing leg;
contractions of the stance-side gluteus maximus may also
help to control flexion of the hip and to extend the thigh.
Evidence for when the gluteus maximus became enlarged in
human evolution is equivocal, but the muscle's minimal
functional role during walking supports the hypothesis that
enlargement of the gluteus maximus was likely important in
the evolution of hominid running capabilities.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.02255},
Key = {fds337885}
}
@article{fds337886,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Wrangham, RW},
Title = {Ontogeny of ranging in wild chimpanzees},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {27},
Number = {1},
Pages = {295-309},
Year = {2006},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-005-9011-2},
Abstract = {We examined the relationship between juvenile age and
distance traveled per day, or day range, in Kanyawara
chimpanzees. Because the energy cost of locomotion is
greater for small-bodied animals, we predict that day range
is constrained by body size, i.e., younger individuals tend
to have shorter day ranges. To test this hypothesis, we
measured day range for 200 day-ranges of groups in which we
recorded the age of the youngest juvenile present. As
predicted, day range correlated positively with age for
juveniles. Comparisons of day range vs. estimated stature
support the hypothesis that the increase in day range with
age was a consequence of body size. To assess other sources
of variation in day range, we also measured the effects of
group size and the presence of a carried infant. While day
range correlated significantly with group size, the presence
of a carried infant had no effect on adult female day range.
Our results suggest the size of a juvenile may constrain
ranging for mothers and their offspring. © 2006 Springer
Science+Business Media, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-005-9011-2},
Key = {fds337886}
}
@article{fds337889,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Lieberman, DE and Momin, E and Devlin, MJ and Polk, JD and Hallgrímsson, B and Cooper, DML},
Title = {Trabecular bone in the bird knee responds with high
sensitivity to changes in load orientation.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Volume = {209},
Number = {Pt 1},
Pages = {57-65},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01971},
Abstract = {Wolff's law of trajectorial orientation proposes that
trabecular struts align with the orientation of dominant
compressive loads within a joint. Although widely considered
in skeletal biology, Wolff's law has never been
experimentally tested while controlling for ontogenetic
stage, activity level, and species differences, all factors
that may affect trabecular bone growth. Here we report an
experimental test of Wolff's law using a within-species
design in age-matched subjects experiencing physiologically
normal levels of bone strain. Two age-matched groups of
juvenile guinea fowl Numida meleagris ran on a treadmill set
at either 0 degrees (Level group) or 20 degrees (Incline
group), for 10 min per day over a 45-day treatment period.
Birds running on the 20 degrees inclined treadmill used
more-flexed knees than those in the Level group at midstance
(the point of peak ground reaction force). This difference
in joint posture enabled us to test the sensitivity of
trabecular alignment to altered load orientation in the
knee. Using a new radon transform-based method for measuring
trabecular orientation, our analysis shows that the fine
trabecular bone in the distal femur has a high degree of
correspondence between changes in joint angle and trabecular
orientation. The sensitivity of this response supports the
prediction that trabecular bone adapts dynamically to the
orientation of peak compressive forces.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.01971},
Key = {fds337889}
}
@article{fds337887,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {Locomotor energetics and ranging ecology of fossil
hominids.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {148-148},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337887}
}
@article{fds337888,
Author = {Raichlen, DA and Pontzer, H and Sockol, MD},
Title = {Energetics of chimpanzee locomotion: Force production during
bipedal and quadrupedal walking.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {150-150},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337888}
}
@article{fds337890,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {Linking locomotor energetics to limb design in terrestrial
animals},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {45},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1057-1057},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2005},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds337890}
}
@article{fds337891,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {A new model predicting locomotor cost from limb length via
force production.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Volume = {208},
Number = {Pt 8},
Pages = {1513-1524},
Year = {2005},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01549},
Abstract = {Notably absent from the existing literature is an explicit
biomechanical model linking limb design to the energy cost
of locomotion, COL. Here, I present a simple model that
predicts the rate of force production necessary to support
the body and swing the limb during walking and running as a
function of speed, limb length, limb proportion, excursion
angle and stride frequency. The estimated rate of force
production is then used to predict COL via this model
following previous studies that have linked COL to force
production. To test this model, oxygen consumption and
kinematics were measured in nine human subjects while
walking and running on a treadmill at range of speeds.
Following the model, limb length, speed, excursion angle and
stride frequency were used to predict the rate of force
production both to support the body's center of mass and to
swing the limb. Model-predicted COL was significantly
correlated with observed COL, performing as well or better
than contact time and Froude number as a predictor of COL
for running and walking, respectively. Furthermore, the
model presented here predicts relationships between COL,
kinematic variables and body size that are supported by
published reduced-gravity experiments and scaling studies.
Results suggest the model is useful for predicting COL from
anatomical and kinematic variables, and may be useful in
intra- and inter-specific studies of locomotor anatomy and
performance.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.01549},
Key = {fds337891}
}
@article{fds337892,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Lieberman, DE and Momin, EN and Devlin, MJ and Polk, JD and Hallgrimsson, B and Cooper, DML},
Title = {The effect of a "bent-knee" gait on trabecular orientation:
an experiment test of Wolff's Law},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {167-167},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337892}
}
@article{fds337893,
Author = {Lieberman, DE and Pontzer, H and Cutright-Smith, E and Raichlen,
D},
Title = {Why is the human gluteus so maximus?},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {138-138},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337893}
}
@article{fds337894,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {The effect of limb length on locomotor performance},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {44},
Number = {6},
Pages = {623-623},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2004},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds337894}
}
@article{fds337895,
Author = {Lieberman, DE and Pontzer, H and Momin, E and Devlin, M and Polk, J and Hallgrimsson, B and Cooper, D},
Title = {An experimental test of Wolffs law in the
knee},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {44},
Number = {6},
Pages = {592-592},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2004},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds337895}
}
@article{fds337896,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Wrangham, RW},
Title = {Climbing and the daily energy cost of locomotion in wild
chimpanzees: implications for hominoid locomotor
evolution.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {46},
Number = {3},
Pages = {317-335},
Year = {2004},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2003.12.006},
Abstract = {As noted by previous researchers, the chimpanzee postcranial
anatomy reflects a compromise between the competing demands
of arboreal and terrestrial locomotion. In this study, we
measured the distance climbed and walked per day in a
population of wild chimpanzees and used published equations
to calculate the relative daily energy costs. Results were
used to test hypotheses regarding the arboreal-terrestrial
tradeoff in chimpanzee anatomy, specifically whether
arboreal adaptations serve to minimize daily locomotor
energy costs by decreasing the energy spent climbing. Our
results show that chimpanzees spend approximately ten-times
more energy per day on terrestrial travel than on vertical
climbing, a figure inconsistent with minimizing energy costs
in our model. This suggests non-energetic factors, such as
avoiding falls from the canopy, may be the primary forces
maintaining energetically costly climbing adaptations. These
analyses are relevant to anatomical comparisons with living
and extinct hominoids.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2003.12.006},
Key = {fds337896}
}
@article{fds337897,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {The effect of leg length on human locomotor
performance},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {161-162},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337897}
}
@article{fds337898,
Author = {Wrangham, RW and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Chimpanzee juveniles constrain their mothers'
gregariousness},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {211-212},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337898}
}
@article{fds337899,
Author = {Devlin, MJ and Pontzer, H and Lieberman, DE and Polk,
JP},
Title = {Trabecular bone orientation in flexed versus extended
postures in guinea fowl: A test of Wolffs
Law.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {88-89},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337899}
}
@article{fds337900,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {Climbing behavior and locomotor energetics in wild
chimpanzees: Implications for hominin locomotor
evolution.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {170-170},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337900}
}
%% Pusey, Anne
@article{fds371700,
Author = {Mouginot, M and Cheng, L and Wilson, ML and Feldblum, JT and Städele,
V and Wroblewski, EE and Vigilant, L and Hahn, BH and Li, Y and Gilby, IC and Pusey, AE and Surbeck, M},
Title = {Reproductive inequality among males in the genus
Pan.},
Journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological Sciences},
Volume = {378},
Number = {1883},
Pages = {20220301},
Year = {2023},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2022.0301},
Abstract = {Reproductive inequality, or reproductive skew, drives
natural selection, but has been difficult to assess,
particularly for males in species with promiscuous mating
and slow life histories, such as bonobos (<i>Pan
paniscus</i>) and chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes</i>).
Although bonobos are often portrayed as more egalitarian
than chimpanzees, genetic studies have found high male
reproductive skew in bonobos. Here, we discuss mechanisms
likely to affect male reproductive skew in <i>Pan</i>, then
re-examine skew patterns using paternity data from published
work and new data from the Kokolopori Bonobo Reserve,
Democratic Republic of Congo and Gombe National Park,
Tanzania. Using the multinomial index (<i>M</i>), we found
considerable overlap in skew between the species, but the
highest skew occurred among bonobos. Additionally, for two
of three bonobo communities, but no chimpanzee communities,
the highest ranking male had greater siring success than
predicted by priority-of-access. Thus, an expanded dataset
covering a broader demographic range confirms that bonobos
have high male reproductive skew. Detailed comparison of
data from <i>Pan</i> highlights that reproductive skew
models should consider male-male dynamics including the
effect of between-group competition on incentives for
reproductive concessions, but also female grouping patterns
and factors related to male-female dynamics including the
expression of female choice. This article is part of the
theme issue 'Evolutionary ecology of inequality'.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2022.0301},
Key = {fds371700}
}
@article{fds371292,
Author = {Bonnin, N and Piel, AK and Brown, RP and Li, Y and Connell, AJ and Avitto,
AN and Boubli, JP and Chitayat, A and Giles, J and Gundlapally, MS and Lipende, I and Lonsdorf, EV and Mjungu, D and Mwacha, D and Pintea, L and Pusey, AE and Raphael, J and Wich, SA and Wilson, ML and Wroblewski, EE and Hahn, BH and Stewart, FA},
Title = {Barriers to chimpanzee gene flow at the south-east edge of
their distribution.},
Journal = {Molecular Ecology},
Volume = {32},
Number = {14},
Pages = {3842-3858},
Year = {2023},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.16986},
Abstract = {Populations on the edge of a species' distribution may
represent an important source of adaptive diversity, yet
these populations tend to be more fragmented and are more
likely to be geographically isolated. Lack of genetic
exchanges between such populations, due to barriers to
animal movement, can not only compromise adaptive potential
but also lead to the fixation of deleterious alleles. The
south-eastern edge of chimpanzee distribution is
particularly fragmented, and conflicting hypotheses have
been proposed about population connectivity and viability.
To address this uncertainty, we generated both mitochondrial
and MiSeq-based microsatellite genotypes for 290 individuals
ranging across western Tanzania. While shared mitochondrial
haplotypes confirmed historical gene flow, our
microsatellite analyses revealed two distinct clusters,
suggesting two populations currently isolated from one
another. However, we found evidence of high levels of gene
flow maintained within each of these clusters, one of which
covers an 18,000 km<sup>2</sup> ecosystem. Landscape
genetic analyses confirmed the presence of barriers to gene
flow with rivers and bare habitats highly restricting
chimpanzee movement. Our study demonstrates how advances in
sequencing technologies, combined with the development of
landscape genetics approaches, can resolve ambiguities in
the genetic history of critical populations and better
inform conservation efforts of endangered
species.},
Doi = {10.1111/mec.16986},
Key = {fds371292}
}
@article{fds370863,
Author = {Ross, CT and Hooper, PL and Smith, JE and Jaeggi, AV and Smith, EA and Gavrilets, S and Zohora, FT and Ziker, J and Xygalatas, D and Wroblewski, EE and Wood, B and Winterhalder, B and Willführ, KP and Willard, AK and Walker, K and von Rueden, C and Voland, E and Valeggia,
C and Vaitla, B and Urlacher, S and Towner, M and Sum, C-Y and Sugiyama,
LS and Strier, KB and Starkweather, K and Major-Smith, D and Shenk, M and Sear, R and Seabright, E and Schacht, R and Scelza, B and Scaggs, S and Salerno, J and Revilla-Minaya, C and Redhead, D and Pusey, A and Purzycki, BG and Power, EA and Pisor, A and Pettay, J and Perry, S and Page, AE and Pacheco-Cobos, L and Oths, K and Oh, S-Y and Nolin, D and Nettle, D and Moya, C and Migliano, AB and Mertens, KJ and McNamara, RA and McElreath, R and Mattison, S and Massengill, E and Marlowe, F and Madimenos, F and Macfarlan, S and Lummaa, V and Lizarralde, R and Liu,
R and Liebert, MA and Lew-Levy, S and Leslie, P and Lanning, J and Kramer,
K and Koster, J and Kaplan, HS and Jamsranjav, B and Hurtado, AM and Hill,
K and Hewlett, B and Helle, S and Headland, T and Headland, J and Gurven,
M and Grimalda, G and Greaves, R and Golden, CD and Godoy, I and Gibson, M and Mouden, CE and Dyble, M and Draper, P and Downey, S and DeMarco, AL and Davis, HE and Crabtree, S and Cortez, C and Colleran, H and Cohen, E and Clark, G and Clark, J and Caudell, MA and Carminito, CE and Bunce, J and Boyette, A and Bowles, S and Blumenfield, T and Beheim, B and Beckerman,
S and Atkinson, Q and Apicella, C and Alam, N and Mulder,
MB},
Title = {Reproductive inequality in humans and other
mammals.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {120},
Number = {22},
Pages = {e2220124120},
Year = {2023},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2220124120},
Abstract = {To address claims of human exceptionalism, we determine
where humans fit within the greater mammalian distribution
of reproductive inequality. We show that humans exhibit
lower reproductive skew (i.e., inequality in the number of
surviving offspring) among males and smaller sex differences
in reproductive skew than most other mammals, while
nevertheless falling within the mammalian range.
Additionally, female reproductive skew is higher in
polygynous human populations than in polygynous nonhumans
mammals on average. This patterning of skew can be
attributed in part to the prevalence of monogamy in humans
compared to the predominance of polygyny in nonhuman
mammals, to the limited degree of polygyny in the human
societies that practice it, and to the importance of
unequally held rival resources to women's fitness. The muted
reproductive inequality observed in humans appears to be
linked to several unusual characteristics of our
species-including high levels of cooperation among males,
high dependence on unequally held rival resources,
complementarities between maternal and paternal investment,
as well as social and legal institutions that enforce
monogamous norms.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2220124120},
Key = {fds370863}
}
@article{fds370926,
Author = {Weiss, A and Feldblum, JT and Altschul, DM and Collins, DA and Kamenya,
S and Mjungu, D and Foerster, S and Gilby, IC and Wilson, ML and Pusey,
AE},
Title = {Personality traits, rank attainment, and siring success
throughout the lives of male chimpanzees of Gombe National
Park.},
Journal = {Peerj},
Volume = {11},
Pages = {e15083},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15083},
Abstract = {Personality traits in many taxa correlate with fitness.
Several models have been developed to try to explain how
variation in these traits is maintained. One model proposes
that variation persists because it is linked to trade-offs
between current and future adaptive benefits. Tests of this
model's predictions, however, are scant in long-lived
species. To test this model, we studied male chimpanzees
living in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. We operationalized
six personality traits using ratings on 19 items. We used 37
years of behavioral and genetic data to assemble (1) daily
rank scores generated from submissive vocalizations and (2)
records of male siring success. We tested whether the
association between two personality traits, Dominance and
Conscientiousness, and either rank or reproductive success,
varied over the life course. Higher Dominance and lower
Conscientiousness were associated with higher rank, but the
size and direction of these relationships did not vary over
the life course. In addition, independent of rank at the
time of siring, higher Dominance and lower Conscientiousness
were related to higher siring success. Again, the size and
direction of these relationships did not vary over the life
course. The trade-off model, therefore, may not hold in
long-lived and/or slowly reproducing species. These findings
also demonstrate that ratings are a valid way to measure
animal personality; they are related to rank and
reproductive success. These traits could therefore be used
to test alternative models, including one that posits that
personality variation is maintained by environmental
heterogeneity, in studies of multiple chimpanzee
communities.},
Doi = {10.7717/peerj.15083},
Key = {fds370926}
}
@article{fds365717,
Author = {Feldblum, JT and Boehm, EE and Walker, KK and Pusey,
AE},
Title = {Predictors and consequences of gestation length in wild
chimpanzees},
Journal = {American Journal of Biological Anthropology},
Volume = {179},
Number = {3},
Pages = {417-430},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2022},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24601},
Abstract = {<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives</jats:title><jats:p>Energetics
are widely recognized to influence timing of birth in humans
and other eutherian mammals, yet considerable variation
exists in the relationship between energetic constraints and
gestation length. In humans, poor nutrition and short
inter‐gestational intervals (IGIs) are associated with
shorter gestations. In other mammals, lower energy
availability is usually associated with longer gestations.
We investigated the predictors of gestation length, and the
impact of gestation length on offspring survival, in
chimpanzees, humans' closest living relatives.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials
and Methods</jats:title><jats:p>We used 50 years of
demographic and behavioral data to estimate gestation
lengths in the wild chimpanzees of Gombe National Park,
Tanzania, and then used ecological and demographic data to
explore the predictors and consequences of gestation length
in our sample.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Gestation
lengths were shorter for females in their early 30s
(relative to younger and older females), and after short
IGIs. Other predictors potentially associated with maternal
energetic condition and maternal investment were not
associated with gestation length. We also found that shorter
gestation lengths corresponded to lower offspring
survival.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion</jats:title><jats:p>Like
humans, chimpanzees had shorter gestations after short IGIs,
and short gestations were associated with higher offspring
mortality. We consider competing explanations for the
conflicting relationships between energetics and gestation
length across eutherian mammals in light of these
results.</jats:p></jats:sec>},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.24601},
Key = {fds365717}
}
@article{fds366766,
Author = {Scully, EJ and Liu, W and Li, Y and Ndjango, J-BN and Peeters, M and Kamenya, S and Pusey, AE and Lonsdorf, EV and Sanz, CM and Morgan, DB and Piel, AK and Stewart, FA and Gonder, MK and Simmons, N and Asiimwe, C and Zuberbühler, K and Koops, K and Chapman, CA and Chancellor, R and Rundus, A and Huffman, MA and Wolfe, ND and Duraisingh, MT and Hahn, BH and Wrangham, RW},
Title = {The ecology and epidemiology of malaria parasitism in wild
chimpanzee reservoirs.},
Journal = {Communications Biology},
Volume = {5},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1020},
Year = {2022},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-03962-0},
Abstract = {Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) harbor rich assemblages of
malaria parasites, including three species closely related
to P. falciparum (sub-genus Laverania), the most malignant
human malaria parasite. Here, we characterize the ecology
and epidemiology of malaria infection in wild chimpanzee
reservoirs. We used molecular assays to screen chimpanzee
fecal samples, collected longitudinally and
cross-sectionally from wild populations, for malaria
parasite mitochondrial DNA. We found that chimpanzee malaria
parasitism has an early age of onset and varies seasonally
in prevalence. A subset of samples revealed Hepatocystis
mitochondrial DNA, with phylogenetic analyses suggesting
that Hepatocystis appears to cross species barriers more
easily than Laverania. Longitudinal and cross-sectional
sampling independently support the hypothesis that mean
ambient temperature drives spatiotemporal variation in
chimpanzee Laverania infection. Infection probability peaked
at ~24.5 °C, consistent with the empirical transmission
optimum of P. falciparum in humans. Forest cover was also
positively correlated with spatial variation in Laverania
prevalence, consistent with the observation that
forest-dwelling Anophelines are the primary vectors.
Extrapolating these relationships across equatorial Africa,
we map spatiotemporal variation in the suitability of
chimpanzee habitat for Laverania transmission, offering a
hypothetical baseline indicator of human exposure
risk.},
Doi = {10.1038/s42003-022-03962-0},
Key = {fds366766}
}
@article{fds364044,
Author = {Wellens, KR and Lee, SM and Winans, JC and Pusey, AE and Murray,
CM},
Title = {Female chimpanzee associations with male kin: trade-offs
between inbreeding avoidance and infanticide
protection},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {190},
Pages = {115-123},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2022},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.06.001},
Abstract = {A large body of literature demonstrates the adaptive
benefits of social relationships between kin, including
fitness and survival. Given that most social mammals are
characterized by male-biased dispersal, the majority of
research on kin selection and associated advantages focuses
on social relationships between female kin. Meanwhile,
research on social relationships between adult male and
female kin has primarily focused on inbreeding avoidance or
the benefit to adult sons, with less attention on potential
advantages these social relationships may provide females.
The general pattern of male dominance over females in most
mammal species suggests that females may benefit from
protective associations with adult male kin. Using 43 years
of behavioural data on the wild chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes
schweinfurthii, of Gombe National Park, Tanzania, we
examined association patterns between females and their
adult maternal male kin. We specifically focused on how
these associations may represent a trade-off between
inbreeding avoidance and protection for females,
particularly against infanticide. In accordance with
inbreeding avoidance, we predicted that females’
association with adult kin would decrease when they were
maximally tumescent, signalling sexual receptivity. To
determine whether female–male kin associations provide
protection to females, we examined female associations with
adult male kin during their first year postpartum when
infants are most vulnerable to infanticide. We predicted
that during this first year postpartum, females would have a
higher association with male kin than with unrelated males.
We found that females associated more with adult sons and
brothers than with unrelated males when they did not have a
sexual swelling. Female association increased with all males
across tumescence but females associated less with their
brothers than they did with their sons and unrelated males
when they were maximally tumescent, providing equivocal
support for the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis.
Furthermore, females associated more with both sons and
brothers than with unrelated males in the first 6 months of
the postpartum period. Higher association with brothers,
relative to unrelated males, persisted throughout the first
year postpartum. Together, these results speak to the
cost–benefit trade-off in female and adult male kin
associations, highlighting the potential protective
advantage for females, especially during the postpartum
period.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.06.001},
Key = {fds364044}
}
@article{fds364202,
Author = {Pusey, AE},
Title = {Warlike chimpanzees and peacemaking bonobos.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {119},
Number = {31},
Pages = {e2208865119},
Year = {2022},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2208865119},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2208865119},
Key = {fds364202}
}
@article{fds357906,
Author = {Lonsdorf, EV and Travis, DA and Raphael, J and Kamenya, S and Lipende,
I and Mwacha, D and Collins, DA and Wilson, M and Mjungu, D and Murray, C and Bakuza, J and Wolf, TM and Parsons, MB and Deere, JR and Lantz, E and Kinsel, MJ and Santymire, R and Pintea, L and Terio, KA and Hahn, BH and Pusey, AE and Goodall, J and Gillespie, TR},
Title = {The Gombe Ecosystem Health Project: 16 years of program
evolution and lessons learned.},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {84},
Number = {4-5},
Pages = {e23300},
Year = {2022},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.23300},
Abstract = {Infectious disease outbreaks pose a significant threat to
the conservation of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and all
threatened nonhuman primates. Characterizing and mitigating
these threats to support the sustainability and welfare of
wild populations is of the highest priority. In an attempt
to understand and mitigate the risk of disease for the
chimpanzees of Gombe National Park, Tanzania, we initiated a
long-term health-monitoring program in 2004. While the
initial focus was to expand the ongoing behavioral research
on chimpanzees to include standardized data on clinical
signs of health, it soon became evident that the scope of
the project would ideally include diagnostic surveillance of
pathogens for all primates (including people) and domestic
animals, both within and surrounding the National Park.
Integration of these data, along with in-depth post-mortem
examinations, have allowed us to establish baseline health
indicators to inform outbreak response. Here, we describe
the development and expansion of the Gombe Ecosystem Health
project, review major findings from the research and
summarize the challenges and lessons learned over the past
16 years. We also highlight future directions and present
the opportunities and challenges that remain when
implementing studies of ecosystem health in a complex,
multispecies environment.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.23300},
Key = {fds357906}
}
@article{fds362778,
Author = {Massaro, AP and Gilby, IC and Desai, N and Weiss, A and Feldblum, JT and Pusey, AE and Wilson, ML},
Title = {Correlates of individual participation in boundary patrols
by male chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological Sciences},
Volume = {377},
Number = {1851},
Pages = {20210151},
Year = {2022},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0151},
Abstract = {Group territory defence poses a collective action problem:
individuals can free-ride, benefiting without paying the
costs. Individual heterogeneity has been proposed to solve
such problems, as individuals high in reproductive success,
rank, fighting ability or motivation may benefit from
defending territories even if others free-ride. To test this
hypothesis, we analysed 30 years of data from chimpanzees
(<i>Pan troglodytes</i>) in the Kasekela community, Gombe
National Park, Tanzania (1978-2007). We examined the extent
to which individual participation in patrols varied
according to correlates of reproductive success (mating
rate, rank, age), fighting ability (hunting), motivation
(scores from personality ratings), costs of defecting (the
number of adult males in the community) and gregariousness
(sighting frequency). By contrast to expectations from
collective action theory, males participated in patrols at
consistently high rates (mean ± s.d. = 74.5 ± 11.1% of
patrols, <i>n</i> = 23 males). The best predictors of patrol
participation were sighting frequency, age and hunting
participation. Current and former alpha males did not
participate at a higher rate than males that never achieved
alpha status. These findings suggest that the temptation to
free-ride is low, and that a mutualistic mechanism such as
group augmentation may better explain individual
participation in group territorial behaviour. This article
is part of the theme issue 'Intergroup conflict across
taxa'.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2021.0151},
Key = {fds362778}
}
@article{fds363178,
Author = {Campos, FA and Altmann, J and Cords, M and Fedigan, LM and Lawler, R and Lonsdorf, EV and Stoinski, TS and Strier, KB and Bronikowski, AM and Pusey, AE and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Female reproductive aging in seven primate species: Patterns
and consequences.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {119},
Number = {20},
Pages = {e2117669119},
Year = {2022},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117669119},
Abstract = {Age-related changes in fertility have increasingly been
documented in wild animal populations: In many species the
youngest and oldest reproducers are disadvantaged relative
to prime adults. How do these effects evolve, and what
explains their diversity across species? Tackling this
question requires detailed data on patterns of age-related
reproductive performance in multiple animal species. Here,
we compare patterns and consequences of age-related changes
in female reproductive performance in seven primate
populations that have been subjects of long-term continuous
study for 29 to 57 y. We document evidence of age effects on
fertility and on offspring performance in most, but not all,
of these primate species. Specifically, females of six
species showed longer interbirth intervals in the oldest age
classes, youngest age classes, or both, and the oldest
females also showed relatively fewer completed interbirth
intervals. In addition, five species showed markedly lower
survival among offspring born to the oldest mothers, and two
species showed reduced survival for offspring born to both
the youngest and the oldest mothers. In contrast, we found
mixed evidence that maternal age affects the age at which
daughters first reproduce: Only in muriquis and to some
extent in chimpanzees, the only two species with
female-biased dispersal, did relatively young mothers
produce daughters that tended to have earlier first
reproduction. Our findings demonstrate shared patterns as
well as contrasts in age-related changes in female fertility
across species of nonhuman primates and highlight
species-specific behavior and life-history patterns as
possible explanations for species-level differences.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2117669119},
Key = {fds363178}
}
@article{fds357905,
Author = {Goldman, SL and Sanders, JG and Yan, W and Denice, A and Cornwall, M and Ivey, KN and Taylor, EN and Gunderson, AR and Sheehan, MJ and Mjungu, D and Lonsdorf, EV and Pusey, AE and Hahn, BH and Moeller,
AH},
Title = {Culture-enriched community profiling improves resolution of
the vertebrate gut microbiota.},
Journal = {Molecular Ecology Resources},
Volume = {22},
Number = {1},
Pages = {122-136},
Year = {2022},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.13456},
Abstract = {Vertebrates harbour gut microbial communities containing
hundreds of bacterial species, most of which have never been
cultivated or isolated in the laboratory. The lack of
cultured representatives from vertebrate gut microbiotas
limits the description and experimental interrogation of
these communities. Here, we show that representatives from
>50% of the bacterial genera detected by culture-independent
sequencing in the gut microbiotas of fence lizards, house
mice, chimpanzees, and humans were recovered in mixed
cultures from frozen faecal samples plated on a panel of
nine media under a single growth condition. In addition,
culturing captured >100 rare bacterial genera overlooked by
culture-independent sequencing, more than doubling the total
number of bacterial sequence variants detected. Our approach
recovered representatives from 23 previously uncultured
candidate bacterial genera, 12 of which were not detected by
culture-independent sequencing. Results identified
strategies for both indiscriminate and selective culturing
of the gut microbiota that were reproducible across
vertebrate species. Isolation followed by whole-genome
sequencing of 161 bacterial colonies from wild chimpanzees
enabled the discovery of candidate novel species closely
related to the opportunistic pathogens of humans Clostridium
difficile and Hungatella hathewayi. This study establishes
culturing methods that improve inventories and facilitate
isolation of gut microbiota constituents from a wide
diversity of vertebrate species.},
Doi = {10.1111/1755-0998.13456},
Key = {fds357905}
}
@article{fds359088,
Author = {Walker, KK and Foerster, S and Murray, CM and Mjungu, D and Pusey,
AE},
Title = {Evaluating adaptive hypotheses for female-led infanticide in
wild chimpanzees},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {180},
Pages = {23-36},
Year = {2021},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.07.025},
Abstract = {Although rare among group-living primates, infanticide by
females has been reported in several chimpanzee, Pan
troglodytes, populations. We examined 13 infanticidal
attacks over 47 years at Gombe National Park, Tanzania to
evaluate three adaptive hypotheses. (1) Exploitation of the
infant as a food resource – by eating a vulnerable
neonate, attackers gain calories that may be important
during periods of food scarcity or energetic stress. (2)
Resource competition – Gombe females concentrate their
foraging in overlapping core areas and dominance rank
influences foraging success. By killing the infant of a
female with high core area overlap, the perpetrator removes
a current and future competitor, improving her access to
food. (3) Low cost – female chimpanzees mature and
reproduce slowly, and longevity increases reproductive
success. Physical aggression causes risk of severe injury or
death, so females will only mount attacks when risks to the
perpetrator are low. In support of hypothesis 1, females
usually consumed the carcass. However, attacks were not more
likely in times of resource or energy scarcity. In support
of hypothesis 2, females attacked others with whom they
shared core areas, but attacks did not cause shifts in
ranging patterns. In support of hypothesis 3, one or more
attackers always outranked the victim, the attacks often
involved coalitions and victims usually lacked kin support.
Attacks were more likely to be successful when attackers
were not hindered by clinging infants and victims could not
retreat. Our results provide further evidence for female
competition and the adaptive value of female-led infanticide
in this species.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.07.025},
Key = {fds359088}
}
@article{fds361868,
Author = {Feldblum, JT and Krupenye, C and Bray, J and Pusey, AE and Gilby,
IC},
Title = {Social bonds provide multiple pathways to reproductive
success in wild male chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Iscience},
Volume = {24},
Number = {8},
Pages = {102864},
Year = {2021},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102864},
Abstract = {In most male mammals, fitness is strongly shaped by
competitive access to mates, a non-shareable resource. How,
then, did selection favor the evolution of cooperative
social bonds? We used behavioral and genetic data on wild
chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii</i>) in Gombe
National Park, Tanzania, to study the mechanisms by which
male-male social bonds increase reproductive success. Social
bonds increased fitness in several ways: first, subordinate
males that formed strong bonds with the alpha male had
higher siring success. Independently, males with larger
networks of strong bonds had higher siring success. In the
short term, bonds predicted coalition formation and
centrality in the coalition network, suggesting that males
benefit from being potential allies to numerous male rivals.
In the long term, male ties influenced fitness via improved
dominance rank for males that attain alpha status. Together,
these results suggest that male bonds evolved in chimpanzees
by affording both short- and long-term pathways to
reproductive success.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.isci.2021.102864},
Key = {fds361868}
}
@article{fds357309,
Author = {Colchero, F and Aburto, JM and Archie, EA and Boesch, C and Breuer, T and Campos, FA and Collins, A and Conde, DA and Cords, M and Crockford, C and Thompson, ME and Fedigan, LM and Fichtel, C and Groenenberg, M and Hobaiter, C and Kappeler, PM and Lawler, RR and Lewis, RJ and Machanda,
ZP and Manguette, ML and Muller, MN and Packer, C and Parnell, RJ and Perry, S and Pusey, AE and Robbins, MM and Seyfarth, RM and Silk, JB and Staerk, J and Stoinski, TS and Stokes, EJ and Strier, KB and Strum, SC and Tung, J and Villavicencio, F and Wittig, RM and Wrangham, RW and Zuberbühler, K and Vaupel, JW and Alberts, SC},
Title = {The long lives of primates and the 'invariant rate of
ageing' hypothesis.},
Journal = {Nature Communications},
Volume = {12},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3666},
Year = {2021},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23894-3},
Abstract = {Is it possible to slow the rate of ageing, or do biological
constraints limit its plasticity? We test the 'invariant
rate of ageing' hypothesis, which posits that the rate of
ageing is relatively fixed within species, with a collection
of 39 human and nonhuman primate datasets across seven
genera. We first recapitulate, in nonhuman primates, the
highly regular relationship between life expectancy and
lifespan equality seen in humans. We next demonstrate that
variation in the rate of ageing within genera is orders of
magnitude smaller than variation in pre-adult and
age-independent mortality. Finally, we demonstrate that
changes in the rate of ageing, but not other mortality
parameters, produce striking, species-atypical changes in
mortality patterns. Our results support the invariant rate
of ageing hypothesis, implying biological constraints on how
much the human rate of ageing can be slowed.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41467-021-23894-3},
Key = {fds357309}
}
@article{fds356442,
Author = {Deere, JR and Schaber, KL and Foerster, S and Gilby, IC and Feldblum,
JT and VanderWaal, K and Wolf, TM and Travis, DA and Raphael, J and Lipende, I and Mjungu, D and Pusey, AE and Lonsdorf, EV and Gillespie,
TR},
Title = {Gregariousness is associated with parasite species richness
in a community of wild chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Volume = {75},
Number = {5},
Pages = {87},
Year = {2021},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-021-03030-3},
Abstract = {Increased risk of pathogen transmission through proximity
and contact is a well-documented cost of sociality.
Affiliative social contact, however, is an integral part of
primate group life and can benefit health. Despite its
importance to the evolution and maintenance of sociality,
the tradeoff between costs and benefits of social contact
for group-living primate species remains poorly understood.
To improve our understanding of this interplay, we used
social network analysis to investigate whether contact via
association in the same space and/or physical contact
measured through grooming were associated with helminth
parasite species richness in a community of wild chimpanzees
(Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii). We identified parasite
taxa in 381 fecal samples from 36 individuals from the
Kasekela community of chimpanzees in Gombe National Park,
Tanzania, from November 1, 2006 - October 31, 2012. Over the
study period, eight environmentally transmitted helminth
taxa were identified. We quantified three network metrics
for association and grooming contact, including degree
strength, betweenness, and closeness. Our findings suggest
that more gregarious individuals - those who spent more time
with more individuals in the same space - had higher
parasite richness, while the connections in the grooming
network were not related to parasite richness. The expected
parasite richness in individuals increased by 1.13 taxa (CI:
1.04, 1.22; p = 0.02) per one standard deviation increase in
degree strength of association contact. The results of this
study add to the understanding of the role that different
types of social contact plays in the parasite richness of
group-living social primates.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00265-021-03030-3},
Key = {fds356442}
}
@article{fds366027,
Author = {Massaro, A and Wroblewski, E and Mjungu, D and Boehm, E and Desai, N and Foerster, S and Rudicell, R and Hahn, B and Pusey, A and Wilson,
ML},
Title = {Female monopolizability promotes within-community killing in
chimpanzees},
Year = {2021},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-163673/v1},
Abstract = {<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Male chimpanzees
(Pan troglodytes) defend group territories and sometimes
kill members of rival communities — a pattern often
compared to human warfare1-3. Male chimpanzees also
sometimes kill grown males from their own community4-9. Such
within-community killings are puzzling, as they reduce the
coalition strength needed to win inter-community
contests5,10. Here we examine the contexts of
within-community killing using data from two neighboring
communities at Gombe National Park, Tanzania, as well as
published data from other long-term chimpanzee study sites.
At Gombe, more killing occurred within the smaller Mitumba
community, where fertile females were more monopolizable.
Attackers increased their share of mating and paternity
following known and inferred killings. Other factors
proposed to explain such killings, including the degree of
intercommunity threat, male-biased sex ratios, high
population density, or generalized aggression, did not
explain the high rates of killing in Mitumba. Comparing
across study sites, the best predictor of within-community
killing was an index of the degree to which fertile females
can be monopolized by the highest ranking male11. Our
findings therefore support the hypothesis that
within-community killing is a strategy to eliminate
reproductive rivals that is more likely to pay off when
fertile females are more easily monopolized.</jats:p>},
Doi = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-163673/v1},
Key = {fds366027}
}
@article{fds352564,
Author = {Ozga, AT and Webster, TH and Gilby, IC and Wilson, MA and Nockerts, RS and Wilson, ML and Pusey, AE and Li, Y and Hahn, BH and Stone,
AC},
Title = {Urine as a high-quality source of host genomic DNA from wild
populations.},
Journal = {Molecular Ecology Resources},
Volume = {21},
Number = {1},
Pages = {170-182},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.13260},
Abstract = {The ability to generate genomic data from wild animal
populations has the potential to give unprecedented insight
into the population history and dynamics of species in their
natural habitats. However, for many species, it is
impossible legally, ethically or logistically to obtain
tissue samples of quality sufficient for genomic analyses.
In this study we evaluate the success of multiple sources of
genetic material (faeces, urine, dentin and dental calculus)
and several capture methods (shotgun, whole-genome, exome)
in generating genome-scale data in wild eastern chimpanzees
(Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) from Gombe National Park,
Tanzania. We found that urine harbours significantly more
host DNA than other sources, leading to broader and deeper
coverage across the genome. Urine also exhibited a lower
rate of allelic dropout. We found exome sequencing to be far
more successful than both shotgun sequencing and
whole-genome capture at generating usable data from
low-quality samples such as faeces and dental calculus.
These results highlight urine as a promising and untapped
source of DNA that can be noninvasively collected from wild
populations of many species.},
Doi = {10.1111/1755-0998.13260},
Key = {fds352564}
}
@article{fds354580,
Author = {Zipple, MN and Altmann, J and Campos, FA and Cords, M and Fedigan, LM and Lawler, RR and Lonsdorf, EV and Perry, S and Pusey, AE and Stoinski, TS and Strier, KB and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Maternal death and offspring fitness in multiple wild
primates.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {118},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e2015317118},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015317118},
Abstract = {Primate offspring often depend on their mothers well beyond
the age of weaning, and offspring that experience maternal
death in early life can suffer substantial reductions in
fitness across the life span. Here, we leverage data from
eight wild primate populations (seven species) to examine
two underappreciated pathways linking early maternal death
and offspring fitness that are distinct from direct effects
of orphaning on offspring survival. First, we show that, for
five of the seven species, offspring face reduced survival
during the years immediately preceding maternal death, while
the mother is still alive. Second, we identify an
intergenerational effect of early maternal loss in three
species (muriquis, baboons, and blue monkeys), such that
early maternal death experienced in one generation leads to
reduced offspring survival in the next. Our results have
important implications for the evolution of slow life
histories in primates, as they suggest that maternal
condition and survival are more important for offspring
fitness than previously realized.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2015317118},
Key = {fds354580}
}
@article{fds353321,
Author = {Wilson, ML and Lonsdorf, EV and Mjungu, DC and Kamenya, S and Kimaro,
EW and Collins, DA and Gillespie, TR and Travis, DA and Lipende, I and Mwacha, D and Ndimuligo, SA and Pintea, L and Raphael, J and Mtiti, ER and Hahn, BH and Pusey, AE and Goodall, J},
Title = {Research and Conservation in the Greater Gombe Ecosystem:
Challenges and Opportunities.},
Journal = {Biological Conservation},
Volume = {252},
Pages = {108853},
Year = {2020},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108853},
Abstract = {The study of chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania,
started by Jane Goodall in 1960, provided pioneering
accounts of chimpanzee behavior and ecology. With funding
from multiple sources, including the Jane Goodall Institute
(JGI) and grants from private foundations and federal
programs, the project has continued for sixty years,
providing a wealth of information about our evolutionary
cousins. These chimpanzees face two main challenges to their
survival: infectious disease - including simian
immunodeficiency virus (SIVcpz), which can cause Acquired
Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in chimpanzees - and the
deforestation of land outside the park. A health monitoring
program has increased understanding of the pathogens
affecting chimpanzees and has promoted measures to
characterize and reduce disease risk. Deforestation reduces
connections between Gombe and other chimpanzee populations,
which can cause loss of genetic diversity. To promote
habitat restoration, JGI facilitated participatory village
land use planning, in which communities voluntarily
allocated land to a network of Village Land Forest Reserves.
Expected benefits to people include stabilizing watersheds,
improving water supplies, and ensuring a supply of forest
resources. Surveys and genetic analyses confirm that
chimpanzees persist on village lands and remain connected to
the Gombe population. Many challenges remain, but the
regeneration of natural forest on previously degraded lands
provides hope that conservation solutions can be found that
benefit both people and wildlife. Conservation work in the
Greater Gombe Ecosystem has helped promote broader efforts
to plan and work for conservation elsewhere in Tanzania and
across Africa.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108853},
Key = {fds353321}
}
@article{fds349990,
Author = {Muller, MN and Blurton Jones and NG and Colchero, F and Thompson, ME and Enigk, DK and Feldblum, JT and Hahn, BH and Langergraber, KE and Scully,
EJ and Vigilant, L and Walker, KK and Wrangham, RW and Wroblewski, EE and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Sexual dimorphism in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes
schweinfurthii) and human age-specific fertility.},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {144},
Pages = {102795},
Year = {2020},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102795},
Abstract = {Across vertebrates, species with intense male mating
competition and high levels of sexual dimorphism in body
size generally exhibit dimorphism in age-specific fertility.
Compared with females, males show later ages at first
reproduction and earlier reproductive senescence because
they take longer to attain adult body size and musculature,
and maintain peak condition for a limited time. This
normally yields a shorter male duration of effective
breeding, but this reduction might be attenuated in species
that frequently use coalitionary aggression. Here, we
present comparative genetic and demographic data on
chimpanzees from three long-term study communities
(Kanyawara: Kibale National Park, Uganda; Mitumba and
Kasekela: Gombe National Park, Tanzania), comprising 581
male risk years and 112 infants, to characterize male
age-specific fertility. For comparison, we update estimates
from female chimpanzees in the same sites and append a
sample of human foragers (the Tanzanian Hadza). Consistent
with the idea that aggressive mating competition favors
youth, chimpanzee males attained a higher maximum fertility
than females, followed by a steeper decline with age. Males
did not show a delay in reproduction compared with females,
however, as adolescents in both sites successfully
reproduced by targeting young, subfecund females, who were
less attractive to adults. Gombe males showed earlier
reproductive senescence and a shorter duration of effective
breeding than Gombe females. By contrast, older males in
Kanyawara generally continued to reproduce, apparently by
forming coalitions with the alpha. Hadza foragers showed a
distinct pattern of sexual dimorphism in age-specific
fertility as, compared with women, men gained conceptions
later but continued reproducing longer. In sum, both humans
and chimpanzees showed sexual dimorphism in age-specific
fertility that deviated from predictions drawn from primates
with more extreme body size dimorphism, suggesting altered
dynamics of male-male competition in the two lineages. In
both species, coalitions appear important for extending male
reproductive careers.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102795},
Key = {fds349990}
}
@article{fds352222,
Author = {Lonsdorf, EV and Wilson, ML and Boehm, E and Delaney-Soesman, J and Grebey, T and Murray, C and Wellens, K and Pusey,
AE},
Title = {Why chimpanzees carry dead infants: an empirical assessment
of existing hypotheses.},
Journal = {Royal Society Open Science},
Volume = {7},
Number = {7},
Pages = {200931},
Year = {2020},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200931},
Abstract = {The study of non-human primate thanatology has expanded
dramatically in recent years as scientists seek to
understand the evolutionary roots of human death concepts
and practices. However, observations of how conspecifics
respond to dead individuals are rare and highly variable.
Mothers of several species of primate have been reported to
carry and continue to interact with dead infants. Such
interactions have been proposed to be related to maternal
condition, attachment, environmental conditions or reflect a
lack of awareness that the infant has died. Here, we tested
these hypotheses using a dataset of cases of infant corpse
carrying by chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania
(<i>n</i> = 33), the largest dataset of such cases in
chimpanzees. We found that mothers carried infant corpses at
high rates, despite behavioural evidence that they recognize
that death has occurred. Median duration of carriage was
1.83 days (interquartile range = 1.03-3.59). Using an
information theoretic approach, we found no support for any
of the leading hypotheses for duration of continued
carriage. We interpret these data in the context of recent
discussions regarding what non-human primates understand
about death.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsos.200931},
Key = {fds352222}
}
@article{fds348052,
Author = {Lonsdorf, EV and Stanton, MA and Pusey, AE and Murray,
CM},
Title = {Sources of variation in weaned age among wild chimpanzees in
Gombe National Park, Tanzania.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {171},
Number = {3},
Pages = {419-429},
Year = {2020},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23986},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>A key feature of human life history
evolution is that modern humans wean their infants 2-4 years
earlier on average than African apes. However, our
understanding of weaning variation in apes remains limited.
Here we provide the first such report in chimpanzees by
examining weaned age variation using long-term data from
Gombe National Park, Tanzania.<h4>Material and
methods</h4>We analyzed 41 years of observational
behavioral data from 65 offspring of 29 mothers to examine
the relationships between weaned age (defined as cessation
of suckling) in wild chimpanzees and maternal age, dominance
rank and parity, and offspring sex. We used Cox proportional
hazards regression with mixed effects to model time to
weaning and to examine potential sources of variation in
offspring weaned age.<h4>Results</h4>We found that male
offspring were less likely than female offspring to wean by
a given age and that weaned age of males varied more than
weaned age of females. In addition, maternal dominance rank
interacted with offspring age, such that low-ranking mothers
were less likely to wean offspring early, but this effect
decreased with offspring age.<h4>Discussion</h4>We found
that male offspring and offspring of low-ranking females
were less likely to wean early, but did not find evidence
for variable weaning according to maternal age or parity. As
more data accumulate, we will be better able to disentangle
the effects of maternal dominance rank, age and parity. Such
studies will not only provide a richer understanding of
living ape life history characteristics, but will also
provide an important framework for understanding the
evolution of early weaning in humans.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23986},
Key = {fds348052}
}
@article{fds352565,
Author = {Nockerts, RS and Wilson, ML and Fox, DL and O'Malley, RC and Collins, A and Gilby, IC and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Nitrogen Isotopes of Serially Sampled Nails From Chimpanzees
and Baboons at Gombe National Park, Tanzania},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {171},
Pages = {202-202},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2020},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds352565}
}
@article{fds352566,
Author = {Feldblum, JT and Weiss, A and Altschul, DM and Collins, A and Kamenya,
S and Mjungu, D and Foerster, S and Gilby, IC and Wilson, ML and Pusey,
AE},
Title = {Personality variation in wild male chimpanzees is maintained
by its changing association with rank},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {171},
Pages = {84-84},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2020},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds352566}
}
@article{fds353870,
Author = {Stanton, MA and Lonsdorf, EV and Murray, CM and Pusey,
AE},
Title = {Consequences of maternal loss before and after weaning in
male and female wild chimpanzees},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Volume = {74},
Number = {2},
Year = {2020},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-020-2804-7},
Abstract = {Abstract: The mother-offspring relationship is paramount in
most mammals and infant survival often depends on maternal
investment. In species with prolonged periods of development
or co-residence, mothers may continue to influence their
offspring’s outcomes beyond nutritional independence with
benefits biased towards the philopatric sex. Chimpanzees
(Pan troglodytes) are long-lived mammals with a protracted
period of immaturity during which offspring continue to
travel with their mothers. In contrast to most mammals,
chimpanzees are also typically male philopatric. Here, we
use over 50 years of demographic data from two communities
in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, to examine the survival
and longevity of both male and female chimpanzees that
experienced maternal loss during three different age
categories. Males who were orphaned between the ages of
0–4.99 years, 5–9.99 years, and 10–14.99 years all
faced significantly lower survival than non-orphans and died
earlier than expected. Females faced similarly reduced
survival probabilities when orphaned between 0–4.99 and
5–9.99 years of age; however, females who experienced
maternal loss between 10 and 14.99 years of age were no
more likely to die than non-orphans. Females orphaned in
this later age class also lived significantly longer beyond
maternal loss than their male counterparts. As observed in
other mammals, philopatric male chimpanzees may continue to
benefit from their mother’s ecological knowledge, whereas
maternal influence on female offspring likely fades as they
prepare to emigrate. These results emphasize how maternal
influence on offspring outcomes can extend well beyond
weaning, particularly for the philopatric sex. Significance
statement: Mammalian mothers are crucial to their infant’s
survival and in species where offspring continue to live
with their mothers after weaning, maternal influence may
extend beyond dependence on mother’s milk. While in most
group-living mammals females remain in their natal group,
chimpanzees typically display the opposite pattern with
males residing alongside their mothers into adulthood. Using
over 50 years of data on wild chimpanzees, we investigated
the consequences of maternal loss both before and after
weaning. We found that both males and females orphaned up to
10 years of age were less likely to survive than
non-orphans; however, only males orphaned between 10 and
15 years also faced lower survival. These results emphasize
how chimpanzee mothers continue to matter for offspring
beyond infancy and provide novel data on reduced maternal
influence on survival for daughters compared to
sons.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00265-020-2804-7},
Key = {fds353870}
}
@article{fds348376,
Author = {Walker, KK and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Inbreeding risk and maternal support have opposite effects
on female chimpanzee dispersal.},
Journal = {Current Biology : Cb},
Volume = {30},
Number = {2},
Pages = {R62-R63},
Year = {2020},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.11.081},
Abstract = {Sex-biased dispersal is usually driven by a combination of
inbreeding avoidance and intrasexual competition. Walker and
Pusey show that dispersal decisions in chimpanzees are most
influenced by inbreeding avoidance and kin cooperation,
instead of competition.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2019.11.081},
Key = {fds348376}
}
@article{fds373371,
Author = {Massaro, AP and Wroblewski, EE and Mjungu, DC and Foerster, S and Walker, K and Desai, N and Kamenya, S and Simmons, NM and Rudicell, RS and Hahn, BH and Pusey, AE and Wilson, ML},
Title = {Demographic factors influence the relative costs and
benefits of chimpanzee intra-group killing},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {171},
Pages = {176-176},
Year = {2020},
Key = {fds373371}
}
@article{fds335492,
Author = {Ozga, AT and Gilby, I and Nockerts, RS and Wilson, ML and Pusey, A and Stone, AC},
Title = {Oral microbiome diversity in chimpanzees from Gombe National
Park},
Journal = {Scientific Reports},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {196-196},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53802-1},
Abstract = {Historic calcified dental plaque (dental calculus) can
provide a unique perspective into the health status of past
human populations but currently no studies have focused on
the oral microbial ecosystem of other primates, including
our closest relatives, within the hominids. Here we use
ancient DNA extraction methods, shotgun library preparation,
and next generation Illumina sequencing to examine oral
microbiota from 19 dental calculus samples recovered from
wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) who died
in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. The resulting sequences
were trimmed for quality, analyzed using MALT, MEGAN, and
alignment scripts, and integrated with previously published
dental calculus microbiome data. We report significant
differences in oral microbiome phyla between chimpanzees and
anatomically modern humans (AMH), with chimpanzees
possessing a greater abundance of Bacteroidetes and
Fusobacteria, and AMH showing higher Firmicutes and
Proteobacteria. Our results suggest that by using an
enterotype clustering method, results cluster largely based
on host species. These clusters are driven by Porphyromonas
and Fusobacterium genera in chimpanzees and Haemophilus and
Streptococcus in AMH. Additionally, we compare a nearly
complete Porphyromonas gingivalis genome to previously
published genomes recovered from human gingiva to gain
perspective on evolutionary relationships across host
species. Finally, using shotgun sequence data we assessed
indicators of diet from DNA in calculus and suggest
exercising caution when making assertions related to host
lifestyle. These results showcase core differences between
host species and stress the importance of continued
sequencing of nonhuman primate microbiomes in order to fully
understand the complexity of their oral ecologies.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-53802-1},
Key = {fds335492}
}
@article{fds347221,
Author = {Ozga, AT and Gilby, I and Nockerts, RS and Wilson, ML and Pusey, A and Stone, AC},
Title = {Oral microbiome diversity in chimpanzees from Gombe National
Park.},
Journal = {Scientific Reports},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {17354},
Year = {2019},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53802-1},
Abstract = {Historic calcified dental plaque (dental calculus) can
provide a unique perspective into the health status of past
human populations but currently no studies have focused on
the oral microbial ecosystem of other primates, including
our closest relatives, within the hominids. Here we use
ancient DNA extraction methods, shotgun library preparation,
and next generation Illumina sequencing to examine oral
microbiota from 19 dental calculus samples recovered from
wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) who died
in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. The resulting sequences
were trimmed for quality, analyzed using MALT, MEGAN, and
alignment scripts, and integrated with previously published
dental calculus microbiome data. We report significant
differences in oral microbiome phyla between chimpanzees and
anatomically modern humans (AMH), with chimpanzees
possessing a greater abundance of Bacteroidetes and
Fusobacteria, and AMH showing higher Firmicutes and
Proteobacteria. Our results suggest that by using an
enterotype clustering method, results cluster largely based
on host species. These clusters are driven by Porphyromonas
and Fusobacterium genera in chimpanzees and Haemophilus and
Streptococcus in AMH. Additionally, we compare a nearly
complete Porphyromonas gingivalis genome to previously
published genomes recovered from human gingiva to gain
perspective on evolutionary relationships across host
species. Finally, using shotgun sequence data we assessed
indicators of diet from DNA in calculus and suggest
exercising caution when making assertions related to host
lifestyle. These results showcase core differences between
host species and stress the importance of continued
sequencing of nonhuman primate microbiomes in order to fully
understand the complexity of their oral ecologies.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-53802-1},
Key = {fds347221}
}
@article{fds342135,
Author = {Wolf, TM and Singer, RS and Lonsdorf, EV and Maclehose, R and Gillespie,
TR and Lipende, I and Raphael, J and Terio, K and Murray, C and Pusey, A and Hahn, BH and Kamenya, S and Mjungu, D and Travis,
DA},
Title = {Syndromic Surveillance of Respiratory Disease in Free-Living
Chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Ecohealth},
Volume = {16},
Number = {2},
Pages = {275-286},
Year = {2019},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10393-019-01400-y},
Abstract = {Disease surveillance in wildlife is rapidly expanding in
scope and methodology, emphasizing the need for formal
evaluations of system performance. We examined a syndromic
surveillance system for respiratory disease detection in
Gombe National Park, Tanzania, from 2004 to 2012, with
respect to data quality, disease trends, and respiratory
disease detection. Data quality was assessed by examining
community coverage, completeness, and consistency. The data
were examined for baseline trends; signs of respiratory
disease occurred at a mean frequency of less than 1 case per
week, with most weeks containing zero observations of
abnormalities. Seasonal and secular (i.e., over a period of
years) trends in respiratory disease frequency were not
identified. These baselines were used to develop algorithms
for outbreak detection using both weekly counts and weekly
prevalence thresholds and then compared retrospectively on
the detection of 13 respiratory disease clusters from 2005
to 2012. Prospective application of outbreak detection
algorithms to real-time syndromic data would be useful in
triggering a rapid outbreak response, such as targeted
diagnostic sampling, enhanced surveillance, or
mitigation.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10393-019-01400-y},
Key = {fds342135}
}
@article{fds343336,
Author = {Surbeck, M and Boesch, C and Crockford, C and Thompson, ME and Furuichi,
T and Fruth, B and Hohmann, G and Ishizuka, S and Machanda, Z and Muller,
MN and Pusey, A and Sakamaki, T and Tokuyama, N and Walker, K and Wrangham,
R and Wroblewski, E and Zuberbühler, K and Vigilant, L and Langergraber, K},
Title = {Males with a mother living in their group have higher
paternity success in bonobos but not chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Current Biology : Cb},
Volume = {29},
Number = {10},
Pages = {R354-R355},
Year = {2019},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.03.040},
Abstract = {In many group-living mammals, mothers may increase the
reproductive success of their daughters even after they are
nutritionally independent and fully grown [1]. However,
whether such maternal effects exist for adult sons is
largely unknown. Here we show that males have higher
paternity success when their mother is living in the group
at the time of the offspring's conception in bonobos (N = 39
paternities from 4 groups) but not in chimpanzees (N = 263
paternities from 7 groups). These results are consistent
with previous research showing a stronger role of mothers
(and females more generally) in bonobo than chimpanzee
societies.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2019.03.040},
Key = {fds343336}
}
@article{fds339573,
Author = {Wolf, TM and Annie Wang and W and Lonsdorf, EV and Gillespie, TR and Pusey,
A and Gilby, IC and Travis, DA and Singer, RS},
Title = {Optimizing syndromic health surveillance in free ranging
great apes: the case of Gombe National Park.},
Journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
Volume = {56},
Number = {3},
Pages = {509-518},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13284},
Abstract = {1. Syndromic surveillance is an incipient approach to early
wildlife disease detection. Consequently, systematic
assessments are needed for methodology validation in
wildlife populations. 2. We evaluated the sensitivity of a
syndromic surveillance protocol for respiratory disease
detection among chimpanzees in Gombe National Park,
Tanzania. Empirical health, behavioural and demographic data
were integrated with an agent-based, network model to
simulate disease transmission and surveillance. 3.
Surveillance sensitivity was estimated as 66% (95%
Confidence Interval: 63.1, 68.8%) and 59.5% (95% Confidence
Interval: 56.5%, 62.4%) for two monitoring methods (weekly
count and prevalence thresholds, respectively), but
differences among calendar quarters in outbreak size and
surveillance sensitivity suggest seasonal effects. 4. We
determined that a weekly detection threshold of ≥2
chimpanzees with clinical respiratory disease leading to
outbreak response protocols (enhanced observation and
biological sampling) is an optimal algorithm for outbreak
detection in this population. 5. <i>Synthesis and
applications.</i> This is the first quantitative assessment
of syndromic surveillance in wildlife, providing a model
approach to detecting disease emergence. Coupling syndromic
surveillance with targeted diagnostic sampling in the midst
of suspected outbreaks will provide a powerful system for
detecting disease transmission and understanding population
impacts.},
Doi = {10.1111/1365-2664.13284},
Key = {fds339573}
}
@article{fds341493,
Author = {Bibollet-Ruche, F and Russell, RM and Liu, W and Stewart-Jones, GBE and Sherrill-Mix, S and Li, Y and Learn, GH and Smith, AG and Gondim, MVP and Plenderleith, LJ and Decker, JM and Easlick, JL and Wetzel, KS and Collman, RG and Ding, S and Finzi, A and Ayouba, A and Peeters, M and Leendertz, FH and van Schijndel, J and Goedmakers, A and Ton, E and Boesch, C and Kuehl, H and Arandjelovic, M and Dieguez, P and Murai, M and Colin, C and Koops, K and Speede, S and Gonder, MK and Muller, MN and Sanz,
CM and Morgan, DB and Atencia, R and Cox, D and Piel, AK and Stewart, FA and Ndjango, J-BN and Mjungu, D and Lonsdorf, EV and Pusey, AE and Kwong,
PD and Sharp, PM and Shaw, GM and Hahn, BH},
Title = {CD4 receptor diversity in chimpanzees protects against SIV
infection.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {116},
Number = {8},
Pages = {3229-3238},
Year = {2019},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1821197116},
Abstract = {Human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV/SIVs) use CD4
as the primary receptor to enter target cells. Here, we show
that the chimpanzee CD4 is highly polymorphic, with nine
coding variants present in wild populations, and that this
diversity interferes with SIV envelope (Env)-CD4
interactions. Testing the replication fitness of SIVcpz
strains in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells from captive chimpanzees,
we found that certain viruses were unable to infect cells
from certain hosts. These differences were recapitulated in
CD4 transfection assays, which revealed a strong association
between CD4 genotypes and SIVcpz infection phenotypes. The
most striking differences were observed for three
substitutions (Q25R, Q40R, and P68T), with P68T generating a
second N-linked glycosylation site (N66) in addition to an
invariant N32 encoded by all chimpanzee CD4 alleles. In
silico modeling and site-directed mutagenesis identified
charged residues at the CD4-Env interface and clashes
between CD4- and Env-encoded glycans as mechanisms of
inhibition. CD4 polymorphisms also reduced Env-mediated cell
entry of monkey SIVs, which was dependent on at least one D1
domain glycan. CD4 allele frequencies varied among wild
chimpanzees, with high diversity in all but the western
subspecies, which appeared to have undergone a selective
sweep. One allele was associated with lower SIVcpz
prevalence rates in the wild. These results indicate that
substitutions in the D1 domain of the chimpanzee CD4 can
prevent SIV cell entry. Although some SIVcpz strains have
adapted to utilize these variants, CD4 diversity is
maintained, protecting chimpanzees against infection with
SIVcpz and other SIVs to which they are exposed.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1821197116},
Key = {fds341493}
}
@article{fds341241,
Author = {Wilson, ML and Mjungu, DC and Pintea, L and Barbian, HJ and Li, Y and Wroblewski, EE and Pusey, AE and Hahn, BH},
Title = {UNHABITUATED CHIMPANZEES (PAN TROGLODYTES) IN THE HIGHLANDS
NORTH OF GOMBE NATIONAL PARK, TANZANIA},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {80},
Pages = {2 pages},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds341241}
}
@article{fds341242,
Author = {Wellens, KR and Stanton, MA and Pusey, AE and Lonsdorf, EV and Murray,
CM},
Title = {MATERNAL GREGARIOUSNESS DURING EARLY INFANCY PREDICTS
OFFSPRING SOCIAL PATTERNS IN ADULTHOOD IN WILD
CHIMPANZEES},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {80},
Pages = {1 pages},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds341242}
}
@article{fds341243,
Author = {Lonsdorf, E and Murray, CM and Wilson, ML and Walker, KK and Boehm, E and Pusey, AE},
Title = {CAUSES OF INFANT MORTALITY AND MATERNAL RESPONSES TO INFANT
DEATH IN WILD CHIMPANZEES (PAN TROGLODYTES)},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {80},
Pages = {1 pages},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds341243}
}
@article{fds341244,
Author = {Walker, K and Travis, D and Pusey, AE and Lonsdorf,
E},
Title = {CHALLENGES DURING THE POST-WEANING PERIOD FOR WILD
CHIMPANZEES.},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {80},
Pages = {1 pages},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds341244}
}
@article{fds338476,
Author = {Barbian, HJ and Connell, AJ and Avitto, AN and Russell, RM and Smith,
AG and Gundlapally, MS and Shazad, AL and Li, Y and Bibollet-Ruche, F and Wroblewski, EE and Mjungu, D and Lonsdorf, EV and Stewart, FA and Piel,
AK and Pusey, AE and Sharp, PM and Hahn, BH},
Title = {CHIIMP: An automated high-throughput microsatellite
genotyping platform reveals greater allelic diversity in
wild chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Ecology and Evolution},
Volume = {8},
Number = {16},
Pages = {7946-7963},
Year = {2018},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4302},
Abstract = {Short tandem repeats (STRs), also known as microsatellites,
are commonly used to noninvasively genotype wild-living
endangered species, including African apes. Until recently,
capillary electrophoresis has been the method of choice to
determine the length of polymorphic STR loci. However, this
technique is labor intensive, difficult to compare across
platforms, and notoriously imprecise. Here we developed a
MiSeq-based approach and tested its performance using
previously genotyped fecal samples from long-term studied
chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Using data
from eight microsatellite loci as a reference, we designed a
bioinformatics platform that converts raw MiSeq reads into
locus-specific files and automatically calls alleles after
filtering stutter sequences and other PCR artifacts.
Applying this method to the entire Gombe population, we
confirmed previously reported genotypes, but also identified
31 new alleles that had been missed due to sequence
differences and size homoplasy. The new genotypes, which
increased the allelic diversity and heterozygosity in Gombe
by 61% and 8%, respectively, were validated by replicate
amplification and pedigree analyses. This demonstrated
inheritance and resolved one case of an ambiguous paternity.
Using both singleplex and multiplex locus amplification, we
also genotyped fecal samples from chimpanzees in the Greater
Mahale Ecosystem in Tanzania, demonstrating the utility of
the MiSeq-based approach for genotyping nonhabituated
populations and performing comparative analyses across field
sites. The new automated high-throughput analysis platform
(available at https://github.com/ShawHahnLab/chiimp) will
allow biologists to more accurately and effectively
determine wildlife population size and structure, and thus
obtain information critical for conservation
efforts.},
Doi = {10.1002/ece3.4302},
Key = {fds338476}
}
@article{fds335489,
Author = {Feldblum, JT and Manfredi, S and Gilby, IC and Pusey,
AE},
Title = {The timing and causes of a unique chimpanzee community
fission preceding Gombe's "Four-Year War".},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {166},
Number = {3},
Pages = {730-744},
Editor = {Tagg, N and Stewart, FA},
Year = {2018},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23462},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>While permanent group fissions are
documented in humans and other primate species, they are
relatively rare in male philopatric primates. One of the few
apparent cases occurred in 1973 in Gombe National Park,
Tanzania, when a community of chimpanzees split into two
separate groups, preceding the famous "Four-Year War." We
tested the hypothesis that the original group was a single
cohesive community that experienced permanent fission, and
investigated several potential catalysts.<h4>Materials and
methods</h4>We calculated association, grooming, and ranging
metrics from historical data and used community detection
algorithms and matrix permutation tests to determine the
timing, dynamics, and causes of changes in social network
subgrouping structure.<h4>Results</h4>We found that the two
communities indeed split from one cohesive community, albeit
one with incipient subgrouping. The degree of subgrouping in
grooming and association networks increased sharply in 1971
and 1972, a period characterized by a dominance struggle
between three high-ranking males and unusually high
male:female sex ratios. Finally, we found a relationship
between post-split community membership and previous
association, grooming and ranging patterns in most periods
of analysis, one that became more pronounced as the fission
approached.<h4>Discussion</h4>Our analysis suggests that the
community began to split during a time of an unusually
male-biased sex ratio and a protracted dominance struggle,
and that adult males remained with those with whom they had
preferentially associated prior to the split. We discuss the
costs and benefits of group membership in chimpanzees and
contrast these results with group fissions in humans and
other taxa.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23462},
Key = {fds335489}
}
@article{fds335491,
Author = {Adamescu, GS and Plumptre, AJ and Abernethy, KA and Polansky, L and Bush, ER and Chapman, CA and Shoo, LP and Fayolle, A and Janmaat, KRL and Robbins, MM and Ndangalasi, HJ and Cordeiro, NJ and Gilby, IC and Wittig, RM and Breuer, T and Hockemba, MBN and Sanz, CM and Morgan, DB and Pusey, AE and Mugerwa, B and Gilagiza, B and Tutin, C and Ewango, CEN and Sheil, D and Dimoto, E and Baya, F and Bujo, F and Ssali, F and Dikangadissi, JT and Jeffery, K and Valenta, K and White, L and Masozera, M and Wilson, ML and Bitariho, R and Ndolo Ebika and ST and Gourlet-Fleury, S and Mulindahabi, F and Beale,
CM},
Title = {Annual cycles are the most common reproductive strategy in
African tropical tree communities},
Journal = {Biotropica},
Volume = {50},
Number = {3},
Pages = {418-430},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/btp.12561},
Abstract = {We present the first cross-continental comparison of the
flowering and fruiting phenology of tropical forests across
Africa. Flowering events of 5446 trees from 196 species
across 12 sites and fruiting events of 4595 trees from 191
species across 11 sites were monitored over periods of 6 to
29 years and analyzed to describe phenology at the
continental level. To study phenology, we used Fourier
analysis to identify the dominant cycles of flowering and
fruiting for each individual tree and we identified the time
of year African trees bloom and bear fruit and their
relationship to local seasonality. Reproductive strategies
were diverse, and no single regular cycle was found in >50%
of individuals across all 12 sites. Additionally, we found
annual flowering and fruiting cycles to be the most common.
Sub-annual cycles were the next most common for flowering,
whereas supra-annual patterns were the next most common for
fruiting. We also identify variation in different subsets of
species, with species exhibiting mainly annual cycles most
common in West and West Central African tropical forests,
while more species at sites in East Central and East African
forests showed cycles ranging from sub-annual to
supra-annual. Despite many trees showing strong seasonality,
at most sites some flowering and fruiting occurred all year
round. Environmental factors with annual cycles are likely
to be important drivers of seasonal periodicity in trees
across Africa, but proximate triggers are unlikely to be
constant across the continent.},
Doi = {10.1111/btp.12561},
Key = {fds335491}
}
@article{fds335493,
Author = {Massey, JS and Mcfarlin, S and Mudakikwa, A and Stoinski, TS and Cranfield, MR and Bromage, TG and Pusey, A and Mjungu, D and Collins, A and Mcnulty, KP},
Title = {The ontogeny of sexual dimorphism among known-aged Virunga
mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) and Gombe
chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {168-169},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds335493}
}
@article{fds330839,
Author = {Walker, KK and Walker, CS and Goodall, J and Pusey,
AE},
Title = {Maturation is prolonged and variable in female
chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {114},
Pages = {131-140},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.10.010},
Abstract = {Chimpanzees are important referential models for the study
of life history in hominin evolution. Age at sexual maturity
and first reproduction are key life history milestones that
mark the diversion of energy from growth to reproduction and
are essential in comparing life history trajectories between
chimpanzees and humans. Yet, accurate information on ages at
these milestones in wild chimpanzees is difficult to obtain
because most females transfer before breeding. Precise age
at first birth is only known from a relatively small number
of non-dispersing individuals. Moreover, due to small sample
sizes, the degree to which age at maturation milestones
varies is unknown. Here we report maturation milestones and
explore sources of variance for 36 wild female chimpanzees
of known age, including eight dispersing females born in
Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Using Kaplan-Meier survival
analysis, including censored intervals, we find an average
age of 11.5 years (range 8.5-13.9) at sexual maturity and
14.9 years (range 11.1-22.1) at first birth. These values
exceed previously published averages for wild chimpanzees by
one or more years. Even in this larger sample, age at first
birth is likely underestimated due to the disproportionate
number of non-dispersing females, which, on average, give
birth two years earlier than dispersing females. Model
selection using Cox Proportional Hazards models shows that
age at sexual maturity is delayed in females orphaned before
age eight years and those born to low-ranking mothers. Age
at first birth is most delayed in dispersing females and
those orphaned before age eight years. These data provide
improved estimates of maturation milestones in a population
of wild female chimpanzees and indicate the importance of
maternal factors in development.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.10.010},
Key = {fds330839}
}
@article{fds323609,
Author = {Barbian, HJ and Li, Y and Ramirez, M and Klase, Z and Lipende, I and Mjungu, D and Moeller, AH and Wilson, ML and Pusey, AE and Lonsdorf, EV and Bushman, FD and Hahn, BH},
Title = {Destabilization of the gut microbiome marks the end-stage of
simian immunodeficiency virus infection in wild
chimpanzees.},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {80},
Number = {1},
Pages = {n/a-n/a},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22515},
Abstract = {Enteric dysbiosis is a characteristic feature of progressive
human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection but
has not been observed in simian immunodeficiency virus
(SIVmac)-infected macaques, including in animals with
end-stage disease. This has raised questions concerning the
mechanisms underlying the HIV-1 associated enteropathy, with
factors other than virus infection, such as lifestyle and
antibiotic use, implicated as playing possible causal roles.
Simian immunodeficiency virus of chimpanzees (SIVcpz) is
also associated with increased mortality in wild-living
communities, and like HIV-1 and SIVmac, can cause CD4+ T
cell depletion and immunodeficiency in infected individuals.
Given the central role of the intestinal microbiome in
mammalian health, we asked whether gut microbial
constituents could be identified that are indicative of
SIVcpz status and/or disease progression. Here, we
characterized the gut microbiome of SIVcpz-infected and
-uninfected chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania.
Subjecting a small number of fecal samples (N = 9) to
metagenomic (shotgun) sequencing, we found bacteria of the
family Prevotellaceae to be enriched in SIVcpz-infected
chimpanzees. However, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of a larger
number of samples (N = 123) failed to show significant
differences in both the composition and diversity (alpha and
beta) of gut bacterial communities between infected
(N = 24) and uninfected (N = 26) chimpanzees.
Similarly, chimpanzee stool-associated circular virus
(Chi-SCV) and chimpanzee adenovirus (ChAdV) identified by
metagenomic sequencing were neither more prevalent nor more
abundant in SIVcpz-infected individuals. However, fecal
samples collected from SIVcpz-infected chimpanzees within 5
months before their AIDS-related death exhibited significant
compositional changes in their gut bacteriome. These data
indicate that SIVcpz-infected chimpanzees retain a stable
gut microbiome throughout much of their natural infection
course, with a significant destabilization of bacterial (but
not viral) communities observed only in individuals with
known immunodeficiency within the last several months before
their death. Am. J. Primatol. 80:e22515, 2018. © 2015 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.22515},
Key = {fds323609}
}
@article{fds323606,
Author = {Lonsdorf, EV and Gillespie, TR and Wolf, TM and Lipende, I and Raphael,
J and Bakuza, J and Murray, CM and Wilson, ML and Kamenya, S and Mjungu, D and Collins, DA and Gilby, IC and Stanton, MA and Terio, KA and Barbian, HJ and Li, Y and Ramirez, M and Krupnick, A and Seidl, E and Goodall, J and Hahn,
BH and Pusey, AE and Travis, DA},
Title = {Socioecological correlates of clinical signs in two
communities of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) at Gombe
National Park, Tanzania.},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {80},
Number = {1},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22562},
Abstract = {Disease and other health hazards pose serious threats to the
persistence of wild ape populations. The total chimpanzee
population at Gombe National Park, Tanzania, has declined
from an estimated 120 to 150 individuals in the 1960's to
around 100 individuals by the end of 2013, with death
associated with observable signs of disease as the leading
cause of mortality. In 2004, we began a non-invasive
health-monitoring program in the two habituated communities
in the park (Kasekela and Mitumba) with the aim of
understanding the prevalence of health issues in the
population, and identifying the presence and impacts of
various pathogens. Here we present prospectively collected
data on clinical signs (observable changes in health) in the
chimpanzees of the Kasekela (n = 81) and Mitumba
(n = 32) communities over an 8-year period (2005-2012).
First, we take a population approach and analyze prevalence
of clinical signs in five different categories:
gastrointestinal system (diarrhea), body condition
(estimated weight loss), respiratory system (coughing,
sneezing etc.), wounds/lameness, and dermatologic issues by
year, month, and community membership. Mean monthly
prevalence of each clinical sign per community varied, but
typically affected <10% of observed individuals. Secondly,
we analyze the presence of clinical signs in these
categories as they relate to individual demographic and
social factors (age, sex, and dominance rank) and simian
immunodeficiency virus (SIVcpz) infection status. Adults
have higher odds of being observed with diarrhea, loss of
body condition, and wounds or lameness when compared to
immatures, while males have a higher probability of being
observed with wounds or lameness than females. In contrast,
signs of respiratory illness appear not to be related to
chimpanzee-specific factors and skin abnormalities are very
rare. For a subset of known-rank individuals, dominance rank
predicts the probability of wounding/lameness in adult
males, but does not predict any adverse clinical signs in
adult females. Instead, adult females with SIVcpz infection
are more likely to be observed with diarrhea, a finding that
warrants further investigation. Comparable data are needed
from other sites to determine whether the prevalence of
clinical signs we observe are relatively high or low, as
well as to more fully understand the factors influencing
health of wild apes at both the population and individual
level. Am. J. Primatol. 80:e22562, 2018. © 2016 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.22562},
Key = {fds323606}
}
@article{fds335490,
Author = {Walker, CS and Walker, KK and Paulo, G and Pusey,
AE},
Title = {Morphological Identification of Hair Recovered from Feces
for Detection of Cannibalism in Eastern Chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Folia Primatologica},
Volume = {89},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {240-250},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000488509},
Abstract = {Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are primarily frugivorous but
consume a variable amount of meat from a variety of
organisms, including other chimpanzees. Cannibalism is rare,
usually follows lethal aggression, and does not occur
following natural deaths. While chimpanzee cannibalism has
been documented at multiple sites, many instances of this
behavior go unrecorded. Identification of chimpanzee remains
in feces, however, can provide indirect evidence of
cannibalism. Hair, in particular, typically passes through
the gastrointestinal tract undamaged and is commonly used
for purposes of identification in wildlife forensics. Here
we test the hypothesis that eastern chimpanzee (Pan
troglodytes schweinfurthii) guard hair morphology can be
reliably distinguished from the hairs of their most common
prey species. Methods and results are presented in the
context of a case study involving a suspected chimpanzee
infanticide from Gombe, Tanzania. We find that chimpanzee
guard hair morphology is unique among tested mammals and
that the presence of abundant chimpanzee hair in feces is
likely the result of cannibalism and not incidental
ingestion from grooming or other means. Accordingly,
morphological analysis of guard hairs from feces is a
promising, cost-effective tool for the determination of
cannibalistic acts in chimpanzees.},
Doi = {10.1159/000488509},
Key = {fds335490}
}
@article{fds330840,
Author = {Heintz, MR and Murray, CM and Markham, AC and Pusey, AE and Lonsdorf,
EV},
Title = {The relationship between social play and developmental
milestones in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes
schweinfurthii).},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {79},
Number = {12},
Year = {2017},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22716},
Abstract = {Social play is common among many group-living animals, but
the benefits are not well understood. Proposed benefits
include increased muscle coordination as the result of
increased locomotor versatility and development, and
strengthened social bonds through interactions with
like-aged individuals. In this study, we used 33 years of
long-term behavioral data on infant chimpanzees in Gombe
National Park, Tanzania, to examine these potential benefits
of social play, specifically how the percentage of time
engaged in social play relates to motor and social
developmental milestones. We predicted that infants who
engaged in more social play would achieve motor and social
milestones at younger ages. We found that individuals that
spent more time engaging in social play achieved the motor
milestones of riding dorsally and traveling independently at
earlier ages. Additionally, we found that the amount of play
was correlated with earlier ages for reaching the social
milestones of spatial independence from mother, first
grooming of non-maternal kin, and first observed mating
attempt. This is the first study in great apes to
demonstrate a relationship between play behavior and
developmental milestones, supporting the hypotheses that
play provides motor, and social benefits.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.22716},
Key = {fds330840}
}
@article{fds326775,
Author = {Campos, FA and Morris, WF and Alberts, SC and Altmann, J and Brockman,
DK and Cords, M and Pusey, A and Stoinski, TS and Strier, KB and Fedigan,
LM},
Title = {Does climate variability influence the demography of wild
primates? Evidence from long-term life-history data in seven
species.},
Journal = {Global Change Biology},
Volume = {23},
Number = {11},
Pages = {4907-4921},
Year = {2017},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13754},
Abstract = {Earth's rapidly changing climate creates a growing need to
understand how demographic processes in natural populations
are affected by climate variability, particularly among
organisms threatened by extinction. Long-term, large-scale,
and cross-taxon studies of vital rate variation in relation
to climate variability can be particularly valuable because
they can reveal environmental drivers that affect multiple
species over extensive regions. Few such data exist for
animals with slow life histories, particularly in the
tropics, where climate variation over large-scale space is
asynchronous. As our closest relatives, nonhuman primates
are especially valuable as a resource to understand the
roles of climate variability and climate change in human
evolutionary history. Here, we provide the first
comprehensive investigation of vital rate variation in
relation to climate variability among wild primates. We ask
whether primates are sensitive to global changes that are
universal (e.g., higher temperature, large-scale climate
oscillations) or whether they are more sensitive to global
change effects that are local (e.g., more rain in some
places), which would complicate predictions of how primates
in general will respond to climate change. To address these
questions, we use a database of long-term life-history data
for natural populations of seven primate species that have
been studied for 29-52 years to investigate associations
between vital rate variation, local climate variability, and
global climate oscillations. Associations between vital
rates and climate variability varied among species and
depended on the time windows considered, highlighting the
importance of temporal scale in detection of such effects.
We found strong climate signals in the fertility rates of
three species. However, survival, which has a greater impact
on population growth, was little affected by climate
variability. Thus, we found evidence for demographic
buffering of life histories, but also evidence of mechanisms
by which climate change could affect the fates of wild
primates.},
Doi = {10.1111/gcb.13754},
Key = {fds326775}
}
@article{fds333312,
Author = {Weiss, A and Wilson, ML and Collins, DA and Mjungu, D and Kamenya, S and Foerster, S and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Personality in the chimpanzees of Gombe National
Park.},
Journal = {Scientific Data},
Volume = {4},
Pages = {170146},
Year = {2017},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.146},
Abstract = {Researchers increasingly view animal personality traits as
products of natural selection. We present data that describe
the personalities of 128 eastern chimpanzees (Pan
troglodytes schweinfurthii) currently living in or who lived
their lives in the Kasekela and Mitumba communities of Gombe
National Park, Tanzania. We obtained ratings on 24 items
from an established, reliable, well-validated questionnaire
used to study personality in captive chimpanzee populations.
Ratings were made by former and present Tanzanian field
assistants who followed individual chimpanzees for years and
collected detailed behavioral observations. Interrater
reliabilities across items ranged from acceptable to good,
but the personality dimensions they formed were not as
interpretable as those from captive samples. However, the
personality dimensions corresponded to ratings of 24
Kasekela chimpanzees on a different questionnaire in 1973
that assessed some similar traits. These correlations
established the repeatability and construct validity of the
present ratings, indicating that the present data can
facilitate historical and prospective studies that will lead
to better understanding of the evolution of personality in
chimpanzees and other primates.},
Doi = {10.1038/sdata.2017.146},
Key = {fds333312}
}
@article{fds328335,
Author = {Stanton, MA and Lonsdorf, EV and Pusey, AE and Murray,
CM},
Title = {Do juveniles help or hinder? Influence of juvenile offspring
on maternal behavior and reproductive outcomes in wild
chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {111},
Pages = {152-162},
Year = {2017},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.07.012},
Abstract = {Compared to great apes, humans maintain a relatively rapid
reproductive pace despite long periods of dependency. This
seemingly contradictory set of traits is made possible by
weaning offspring before nutritional independence and
alloparents who help provide care. In traditional societies,
this help may be provided to mothers in part by their
juvenile offspring who carry, supervise, or provision
younger siblings. In contrast to humans, chimpanzees (Pan
troglodytes) are nutritionally independent after weaning,
yet juveniles continue to travel with their mother and
younger sibling for an additional 4-5 years. This continued
association could be costly to the mother if she continues
to invest in weaned offspring. Alternately, while juvenile
chimpanzees do not typically provision younger siblings,
their presence and social interaction with infants may allow
mothers to focus on other tasks. In this study, we
investigate the costs and benefits to mothers of continued
association with juveniles in wild chimpanzees. Using 26
years of long-term behavioral data we examined how maternal
activity budgets varied based on the presence of a dependent
juvenile offspring. We found that continued social
interaction between mothers and juveniles does not influence
the mother's time allocated to interacting with the younger
infant, her feeding, resting, or travel time, or time
socializing with other community members. Instead, mothers
may benefit from the additional social interaction and/or
relationship with their older offspring. Using 45 years of
demographic data we found that those offspring who had an
older sibling tended to be more likely to survive each year
from birth to 8 years than those without an older sibling.
Additionally, interbirth intervals were more likely to end
when the female had an older offspring present. A mutually
beneficial mother-juvenile dynamic in great apes provides
insight into continued association between mothers and
offspring after nutritional independence and the emergence
of juvenile helping during hominin evolution.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.07.012},
Key = {fds328335}
}
@article{fds328336,
Author = {Gilby, IC and Machanda, ZP and O'Malley, RC and Murray, CM and Lonsdorf,
EV and Walker, K and Mjungu, DC and Otali, E and Muller, MN and Emery
Thompson, M and Pusey, AE and Wrangham, RW},
Title = {Predation by female chimpanzees: Toward an understanding of
sex differences in meat acquisition in the last common
ancestor of Pan and Homo.},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {110},
Pages = {82-94},
Year = {2017},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.06.015},
Abstract = {Among modern foraging societies, men hunt more than women,
who mostly target relatively low-quality, reliable resources
(i.e., plants). This difference has long been assumed to
reflect human female reproductive constraints, particularly
caring for and provisioning mates and offspring. Long-term
studies of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) enable tests of
hypotheses about the possible origins of human sex
differences in hunting, prior to pair-bonding and regular
provisioning. We studied two eastern chimpanzee communities
(Kasekela, Mitumba) in Gombe, Tanzania and one (Kanyawara)
in Kibale, Uganda. Relative to males, females had low
hunting rates in all three communities, even where they
encountered red colobus monkeys (the primary prey of
chimpanzees) as often as males did. There was no evidence
that clinging offspring hampered female hunting. Instead,
consistent with the hypothesis that females should be more
risk-averse than males, females at all three sites
specialized in low-cost prey (terrestrial/sedentary prey at
Gombe; black and white colobus monkeys at Kanyawara). Female
dominance rank was positively correlated with red colobus
hunting probability only at Kasekela, suggesting that those
in good physical condition were less sensitive to the costs
of possible failure. Finally, the potential for carcass
appropriation by males deterred females at Kasekela (but not
Kanyawara or Mitumba) from hunting in parties containing
many adult males. Although chimpanzees are not direct
analogs of the last common ancestor (LCA) of Pan and Homo,
these results suggest that before the emergence of social
obligations regarding sharing and provisioning, constraints
on hunting by LCA females did not necessarily stem from
maternal care. Instead, they suggest that a risk-averse
foraging strategy and the potential for losing prey to males
limited female predation on vertebrates. Sex differences in
hunting behavior would likely have preceded the evolution of
the sexual division of labor among modern
humans.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.06.015},
Key = {fds328336}
}
@article{fds335494,
Author = {Ozga, AT and Nieves-Colon, MA and Nockerts, R and Wilson, ML and Gilby,
IC and Pusey, A and Stone, AC},
Title = {Chimpanzees of the past: Full mitochondrial genomes from Pan
troglodytes schweinfurthii skeletons from Gombe National
Park},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {162},
Pages = {307-307},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds335494}
}
@article{fds323647,
Author = {Walker, KK and Rudicell, RS and Li, Y and Hahn, BH and Wroblewski, E and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Chimpanzees breed with genetically dissimilar
mates.},
Journal = {Royal Society Open Science},
Volume = {4},
Number = {1},
Pages = {160422},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160422},
Abstract = {Inbreeding adversely affects fitness, whereas heterozygosity
often augments it. Therefore, mechanisms to avoid inbreeding
and increase genetic distance between mates should be
advantageous in species where adult relatives reside
together. Here we investigate mate choice for genetic
dissimilarity in chimpanzees, a species in which many
females avoid inbreeding through dispersal, but where
promiscuous mating and sexual coercion can limit choice when
related adults reside together. We take advantage of
incomplete female dispersal in Gombe National Park, Tanzania
to compare mate choice for genetic dissimilarity among
immigrant and natal females in two communities using
pairwise relatedness measures in 135 genotyped chimpanzees.
As expected, natal females were more related to adult males
in their community than were immigrant females. However,
among 62 breeding events, natal females were not more
related to the sires of their offspring than immigrant
females, despite four instances of close inbreeding.
Moreover, females were generally less related to the sires
of their offspring than to non-sires. These results
demonstrate that chimpanzees may be capable of detecting
relatedness and selecting mates on the basis of genetic
distance.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsos.160422},
Key = {fds323647}
}
@article{fds364953,
Author = {Scully, EJ and Liu, W and Ndjango, J-BN and Peeters, M and Mjungu, DC and Pusey, AE and Lonsdorf, EV and Sanz, CM and Morgan, DB and Piel, AK and Stewart, FA and Gonder, MK and Simmons, N and Asiimwe, C and Zuberbhler,
K and Koops, K and Chapman, CA and Duraisingh, MT and Hahn, BH and Wrangham, RW},
Title = {VARIATION IN AMBIENT TEMPERATURE DRIVES THE SEASONALITY OF
MALARIA PARASITISM IN WILD CHIMPANZEE RESERVOIRS ACROSS
EQUATORIAL AFRICA},
Journal = {The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and
Hygiene},
Volume = {97},
Number = {5},
Pages = {503-503},
Year = {2017},
Key = {fds364953}
}
@article{fds323603,
Author = {Bray, J and Pusey, AE and Gilby, IC},
Title = {Incomplete control and concessions explain mating skew in
male chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological
Sciences},
Volume = {283},
Number = {1842},
Pages = {20162071},
Year = {2016},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2071},
Abstract = {Sexual selection theory predicts that because male
reproductive success in mammals is limited by access to
females, males will attempt to defend access to mates and
exclude rivals from mating. In mammals, dominance rank is
correlated with male reproductive success; however, the
highest-ranking (alpha) male rarely monopolizes reproduction
completely. To explain why, incomplete control models
propose that alpha males simply cannot control other males'
access to mates. If true, then dominance rank should be a
key factor influencing subordinate (non-alpha) male mating
success. Alternatively, the concession model states that
alpha males can prevent other males from gaining access to
mates but posits that they concede matings to subordinates
in exchange for social favours. This predicts that a male's
grooming interactions with the alpha should mediate his
access to females. We test these predictions using 36 years
of data, encompassing the tenures of eight alpha male
chimpanzees at Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Incomplete
control models were most strongly supported. At a given
copulation event, the probability that the alpha was the
male that mated was negatively associated with the number of
males and sexually receptive females in the party.
Additionally, as the number of males increased, high
dominance rank was associated with an increased likelihood
that a particular non-alpha male mated. The concession
model, however, was also supported. The amount of time a
male spent grooming with the alpha was positively associated
with his likelihood of mating when the alpha was present in
the party. As grooming is a major affiliative component of
male social relationships, our results suggest that social
bonds with dominant individuals are leveraged for mating
access, particularly in species in which males form
coalitions.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2016.2071},
Key = {fds323603}
}
@article{fds323604,
Author = {Murray, CM and Stanton, MA and Lonsdorf, EV and Wroblewski, EE and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Chimpanzee fathers bias their behaviour towards their
offspring.},
Journal = {Royal Society Open Science},
Volume = {3},
Number = {11},
Pages = {160441},
Publisher = {The Royal Society},
Year = {2016},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160441},
Abstract = {Promiscuous mating was traditionally thought to curtail
paternal investment owing to the potential costs of
providing care to unrelated infants. However, mounting
evidence suggests that males in some promiscuous species can
recognize offspring. In primates, evidence for paternal care
exists in promiscuous Cercopithecines, but less is known
about these patterns in other taxa. Here, we examine two
hypotheses for paternal associations with lactating mothers
in eastern chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes
schweinfurthii</i>): paternal effort, whereby males
associate and interact more with their own infants, and
mating effort, whereby males invest in mothers and offspring
for mating privileges. We found that fathers associated more
with their offspring than they did with non-kin infants,
particularly early in life when infanticide risk is highest.
Additionally, fathers and their infant offspring interacted
more than expected. Notably, association between fathers and
mother-infant pairs did not predict the probability of
siring the mother's next offspring. Our results support the
paternal effort, but not the mating effort hypothesis in
this species. Chimpanzees are one of the most salient models
for the last common ancestor between <i>Pan</i> and
<i>Homo</i>, thus our results suggest that a capacity for
paternal care, possibly independent of long-term
mother-father bonds, existed early in hominin
evolution.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsos.160441},
Key = {fds323604}
}
@article{fds321981,
Author = {Colchero, F and Rau, R and Jones, OR and Barthold, JA and Conde, DA and Lenart, A and Nemeth, L and Scheuerlein, A and Schoeley, J and Torres,
C and Zarulli, V and Altmann, J and Brockman, DK and Bronikowski, AM and Fedigan, LM and Pusey, AE and Stoinski, TS and Strier, KB and Baudisch,
A and Alberts, SC and Vaupel, JW},
Title = {The emergence of longevous populations.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {113},
Number = {48},
Pages = {E7681-E7690},
Year = {2016},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1612191113},
Abstract = {The human lifespan has traversed a long evolutionary and
historical path, from short-lived primate ancestors to
contemporary Japan, Sweden, and other longevity
frontrunners. Analyzing this trajectory is crucial for
understanding biological and sociocultural processes that
determine the span of life. Here we reveal a fundamental
regularity. Two straight lines describe the joint rise of
life expectancy and lifespan equality: one for primates and
the second one over the full range of human experience from
average lifespans as low as 2 y during mortality crises to
more than 87 y for Japanese women today. Across the primate
order and across human populations, the lives of females
tend to be longer and less variable than the lives of males,
suggesting deep evolutionary roots to the male disadvantage.
Our findings cast fresh light on primate evolution and human
history, opening directions for research on inequality,
sociality, and aging.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1612191113},
Key = {fds321981}
}
@article{fds318214,
Author = {Foerster, S and Franz, M and Murray, CM and Gilby, IC and Feldblum, JT and Walker, KK and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Chimpanzee females queue but males compete for social
status},
Journal = {Scientific Reports},
Volume = {6},
Number = {1},
Pages = {35404},
Publisher = {The Author(s)},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep35404},
Abstract = {Dominance hierarchies are widespread in animal social groups
and often have measureable effects on individual health and
reproductive success. Dominance ranks are not static
individual attributes, however, but instead are influenced
by two independent processes: 1) changes in hierarchy
membership and 2) successful challenges of higher-ranking
individuals. Understanding which of these processes
dominates the dynamics of rank trajectories can provide
insights into fitness benefits of within-sex competition.
This question has yet to be examined systematically in a
wide range of taxa due to the scarcity of long-term data and
a lack of appropriate methodologies for distinguishing
between alternative causes of rank changes over time. Here,
we expand on recent work and develop a new likelihood-based
Elo rating method that facilitates the systematic assessment
of rank dynamics in animal social groups, even when
interaction data are sparse. We apply this method to
characterize long-term rank trajectories in wild eastern
chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) and find
remarkable sex differences in rank dynamics, indicating that
females queue for social status while males actively
challenge each other to rise in rank. Further, our results
suggest that natal females obtain a head start in the rank
queue if they avoid dispersal, with potential fitness
benefits.},
Doi = {10.1038/srep35404},
Key = {fds318214}
}
@article{fds322251,
Author = {Borries, C and Sandel, AA and Koenig, A and Fernandez-Duque, E and Kamilar, JM and Amoroso, CR and Barton, RA and Bray, J and Di Fiore and A and Gilby, IC and Gordon, AD and Mundry, R and Port, M and Powell, LE and Pusey, AE and Spriggs, A and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Transparency, usability, and reproducibility: Guiding
principles for improving comparative databases using
primates as examples.},
Journal = {Evolutionary Anthropology},
Volume = {25},
Number = {5},
Pages = {232-238},
Year = {2016},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.21502},
Abstract = {Recent decades have seen rapid development of new analytical
methods to investigate patterns of interspecific variation.
Yet these cutting-edge statistical analyses often rely on
data of questionable origin, varying accuracy, and weak
comparability, which seem to have reduced the
reproducibility of studies. It is time to improve the
transparency of comparative data while also making these
improved data more widely available. We, the authors, met to
discuss how transparency, usability, and reproducibility of
comparative data can best be achieved. We propose four
guiding principles: 1) data identification with explicit
operational definitions and complete descriptions of
methods; 2) inclusion of metadata that capture key
characteristics of the data, such as sample size, geographic
coordinates, and nutrient availability (for example, captive
versus wild animals); 3) documentation of the original
reference for each datum; and 4) facilitation of effective
interactions with the data via user friendly and transparent
interfaces. We urge reviewers, editors, publishers, database
developers and users, funding agencies, researchers
publishing their primary data, and those performing
comparative analyses to embrace these standards to increase
the transparency, usability, and reproducibility of
comparative studies.},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.21502},
Key = {fds322251}
}
@article{fds323608,
Author = {Foerster, S and Zhong, Y and Pintea, L and Murray, CM and Wilson, ML and Mjungu, DC and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Feeding habitat quality and behavioral trade-offs in
chimpanzees: a case for species distribution
models.},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology},
Volume = {27},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1004-1016},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2016},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arw004},
Abstract = {The distribution and abundance of food resources are among
the most important factors that influence animal behavioral
strategies. Yet, spatial variation in feeding habitat
quality is often difficult to assess with traditional
methods that rely on extrapolation from plot survey data or
remote sensing. Here, we show that maximum entropy species
distribution modeling can be used to successfully predict
small-scale variation in the distribution of 24 important
plant food species for chimpanzees at Gombe National Park,
Tanzania. We combined model predictions with behavioral
observations to quantify feeding habitat quality as the
cumulative dietary proportion of the species predicted to
occur in a given location. This measure exhibited
considerable spatial heterogeneity with elevation and
latitude, both within and across main habitat types. We used
model results to assess individual variation in habitat
selection among adult chimpanzees during a 10-year period,
testing predictions about trade-offs between foraging and
reproductive effort. We found that nonswollen females
selected the highest-quality habitats compared with swollen
females or males, in line with predictions based on their
energetic needs. Swollen females appeared to compromise
feeding in favor of mating opportunities, suggesting that
females rather than males change their ranging patterns in
search of mates. Males generally occupied feeding habitats
of lower quality, which may exacerbate energetic challenges
of aggression and territory defense. Finally, we documented
an increase in feeding habitat quality with community
residence time in both sexes during the dry season,
suggesting an influence of familiarity on foraging decisions
in a highly heterogeneous landscape.},
Doi = {10.1093/beheco/arw004},
Key = {fds323608}
}
@article{fds323605,
Author = {Moeller, AH and Caro-Quintero, A and Mjungu, D and Georgiev, AV and Lonsdorf, EV and Muller, MN and Pusey, AE and Peeters, M and Hahn, BH and Ochman, H},
Title = {Cospeciation of gut microbiota with hominids.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {353},
Number = {6297},
Pages = {380-382},
Year = {2016},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf3951},
Abstract = {The evolutionary origins of the bacterial lineages that
populate the human gut are unknown. Here we show that
multiple lineages of the predominant bacterial taxa in the
gut arose via cospeciation with humans, chimpanzees,
bonobos, and gorillas over the past 15 million years.
Analyses of strain-level bacterial diversity within hominid
gut microbiomes revealed that clades of Bacteroidaceae and
Bifidobacteriaceae have been maintained exclusively within
host lineages across hundreds of thousands of host
generations. Divergence times of these cospeciating gut
bacteria are congruent with those of hominids, indicating
that nuclear, mitochondrial, and gut bacterial genomes
diversified in concert during hominid evolution. This study
identifies human gut bacteria descended from ancient
symbionts that speciated simultaneously with humans and the
African apes.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.aaf3951},
Key = {fds323605}
}
@article{fds340517,
Author = {Stevison, LS and Woerner, AE and Kidd, JM and Kelley, JL and Veeramah,
KR and McManus, KF and Great Ape Genome Project, and Bustamante, CD and Hammer, MF and Wall, JD},
Title = {The Time Scale of Recombination Rate Evolution in Great
Apes.},
Journal = {Molecular Biology and Evolution},
Volume = {33},
Number = {4},
Pages = {928-945},
Year = {2016},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msv331},
Abstract = {We present three linkage-disequilibrium (LD)-based
recombination maps generated using whole-genome sequence
data from 10 Nigerian chimpanzees, 13 bonobos, and 15
western gorillas, collected as part of the Great Ape Genome
Project (Prado-Martinez J, et al. 2013. Great ape genetic
diversity and population history. Nature 499:471-475). We
also identified species-specific recombination hotspots in
each group using a modified LDhot framework, which greatly
improves statistical power to detect hotspots at varying
strengths. We show that fewer hotspots are shared among
chimpanzee subspecies than within human populations, further
narrowing the time scale of complete hotspot turnover.
Further, using species-specific PRDM9 sequences to predict
potential binding sites (PBS), we show higher predicted
PRDM9 binding in recombination hotspots as compared to
matched cold spot regions in multiple great ape species,
including at least one chimpanzee subspecies. We found that
correlations between broad-scale recombination rates decline
more rapidly than nucleotide divergence between species. We
also compared the skew of recombination rates at centromeres
and telomeres between species and show a skew from
chromosome means extending as far as 10-15 Mb from
chromosome ends. Further, we examined broad-scale
recombination rate changes near a translocation in gorillas
and found minimal differences as compared to other great ape
species perhaps because the coordinates relative to the
chromosome ends were unaffected. Finally, on the basis of
multiple linear regression analysis, we found that various
correlates of recombination rate persist throughout the
African great apes including repeats, diversity, and
divergence. Our study is the first to analyze within- and
between-species genome-wide recombination rate variation in
several close relatives.},
Doi = {10.1093/molbev/msv331},
Key = {fds340517}
}
@article{fds322252,
Author = {Bronikowski, AM and Cords, M and Alberts, SC and Altmann, J and Brockman, DK and Fedigan, LM and Pusey, A and Stoinski, T and Strier,
KB and Morris, WF},
Title = {Female and male life tables for seven wild primate
species.},
Journal = {Scientific Data},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {160006},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.6},
Abstract = {We provide male and female census count data, age-specific
survivorship, and female age-specific fertility estimates
for populations of seven wild primates that have been
continuously monitored for at least 29 years: sifaka
(Propithecus verreauxi) in Madagascar; muriqui (Brachyteles
hypoxanthus) in Brazil; capuchin (Cebus capucinus) in Costa
Rica; baboon (Papio cynocephalus) and blue monkey
(Cercopithecus mitis) in Kenya; chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)
in Tanzania; and gorilla (Gorilla beringei) in Rwanda. Using
one-year age-class intervals, we computed point estimates of
age-specific survival for both sexes. In all species, our
survival estimates for the dispersing sex are affected by
heavy censoring. We also calculated reproductive value, life
expectancy, and mortality hazards for females. We used
bootstrapping to place confidence intervals on life-table
summary metrics (R0, the net reproductive rate; λ, the
population growth rate; and G, the generation time). These
data have high potential for reuse; they derive from
continuous population monitoring of long-lived organisms and
will be invaluable for addressing questions about
comparative demography, primate conservation and human
evolution.},
Doi = {10.1038/sdata.2016.6},
Key = {fds322252}
}
@article{fds324359,
Author = {Laub, EC and Yapuncich, GS and Glander, KE and Pusey,
AE},
Title = {Longitudinal body mass variation in wild primate
populations: are individuals or populations more
variable?},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {202-202},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds324359}
}
@article{fds302990,
Author = {Moeller, AH and Foerster, S and Wilson, ML and Pusey, AE and Hahn, BH and Ochman, H},
Title = {Social behavior shapes the chimpanzee pan-microbiome},
Journal = {Science Advances},
Volume = {2},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e1500997},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/11527 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Animal sociality facilitates the transmission of pathogenic
microorganisms among hosts, but the extent to which
sociality enables animals’ beneficial microbial
associations is poorly understood. The question is critical
because microbial communities, particularly those in the
gut, are key regulators of host health. We show evidence
that chimpanzee social interactions propagate microbial
diversity in the gut microbiome both within and between host
generations. Frequent social interaction promotes species
richness within individual microbiomes as well as
homogeneity among the gut community memberships of different
chimpanzees. Sampling successive generations across multiple
chimpanzee families suggests that infants inherited gut
microorganisms primarily through social transmission. These
results indicate that social behavior generates a
pan-microbiome, preserving microbial diversity across
evolutionary time scales and contributing to the evolution
of host species–specific gut microbial
communities.},
Doi = {10.1126/sciadv.1500997},
Key = {fds302990}
}
@article{fds299961,
Author = {Smith, JE and Gavrilets, S and Mulder, MB and Hooper, PL and Mouden, CE and Nettle, D and Hauert, C and Hill, K and Perry, S and Pusey, AE and van
Vugt, M and Smith, EA},
Title = {Leadership in Mammalian Societies: Emergence, Distribution,
Power, and Payoff.},
Journal = {Trends in Ecology and Evolution},
Volume = {31},
Number = {1},
Pages = {54-66},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0169-5347},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2015.09.013},
Abstract = {Leadership is an active area of research in both the
biological and social sciences. This review provides a
transdisciplinary synthesis of biological and social-science
views of leadership from an evolutionary perspective, and
examines patterns of leadership in a set of small-scale
human and non-human mammalian societies. We review empirical
and theoretical work on leadership in four domains:
movement, food acquisition, within-group conflict mediation,
and between-group interactions. We categorize patterns of
variation in leadership in five dimensions: distribution
(across individuals), emergence (achieved versus inherited),
power, relative payoff to leadership, and generality (across
domains). We find that human leadership exhibits
commonalities with and differences from the broader
mammalian pattern, raising interesting theoretical and
empirical issues.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2015.09.013},
Key = {fds299961}
}
@article{fds323607,
Author = {O'Malley, RC and Stanton, MA and Gilby, IC and Lonsdorf, EV and Pusey,
A and Markham, AC and Murray, CM},
Title = {Reproductive state and rank influence patterns of meat
consumption in wild female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes
schweinfurthii).},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {90},
Pages = {16-28},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.09.009},
Abstract = {An increase in faunivory is a consistent component of human
evolutionary models. Animal matter is energy- and
nutrient-dense and can provide macronutrients, minerals, and
vitamins that are limited or absent in plant foods. For
female humans and other omnivorous primates, faunivory may
be of particular importance during the costly periods of
pregnancy and early lactation. Yet, because animal prey is
often monopolizable, access to fauna among group-living
primates may be mediated by social factors such as rank.
Wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) across Africa habitually
consume insects and/or vertebrates. However, no published
studies have examined patterns of female chimpanzee
faunivory during pregnancy and early lactation relative to
non-reproductive periods, or by females of different rank.
In this study, we assessed the influence of reproductive
state and dominance rank on the consumption of fauna (meat
and insects) by female chimpanzees of Gombe National Park,
Tanzania. Using observational data collected over 38 years,
we tested (a) whether faunivory varied by reproductive
state, and (b) if high-ranking females spent more time
consuming fauna than lower-ranking females. In single-factor
models, pregnant females consumed more meat than lactating
and baseline (meaning not pregnant and not in early
lactation) females, and high-ranking females consumed more
meat than lower-ranking females. A two-factor analysis of a
subset of well-sampled females identified an interaction
between rank and reproductive state: lower-ranking females
consumed more meat during pregnancy than lower-ranking
lactating and baseline females did. High-ranking females did
not significantly differ in meat consumption between
reproductive states. We found no relationships between rank
or reproductive state with insectivory. We conclude that,
unlike insectivory, meat consumption by female chimpanzees
is mediated by both reproductive state and social rank. We
outline possible mechanisms for these patterns, relate our
findings to meat-eating patterns in women from well-studied
hunter-gatherer societies, and discuss potential avenues for
future research.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.09.009},
Key = {fds323607}
}
@article{fds299962,
Author = {Gilby, IC and Machanda, ZP and Mjungu, DC and Rosen, J and Muller, MN and Pusey, AE and Wrangham, RW},
Title = {'Impact hunters' catalyse cooperative hunting in two wild
chimpanzee communities.},
Journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological Sciences},
Volume = {370},
Number = {1683},
Pages = {20150005},
Year = {2015},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0962-8436},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0005},
Abstract = {Even when hunting in groups is mutually beneficial, it is
unclear how communal hunts are initiated. If it is costly to
be the only hunter, individuals should be reluctant to hunt
unless others already are. We used 70 years of data from
three communities to examine how male chimpanzees 'solve'
this apparent collective action problem. The 'impact hunter'
hypothesis proposes that group hunts are sometimes catalysed
by certain individuals that hunt more readily than others.
In two communities (Kasekela and Kanyawara), we identified a
total of five males that exhibited high hunt participation
rates for their age, and whose presence at an encounter with
red colobus monkeys increased group hunting probability.
Critically, these impact hunters were observed to hunt first
more often than expected by chance. We argue that by hunting
first, these males dilute prey defences and create
opportunities for previously reluctant participants. This
by-product mutualism can explain variation in group hunting
rates within and between social groups. Hunting rates
declined after the death of impact hunter FG in Kasekela and
after impact hunter MS stopped hunting frequently in
Kanyawara. There were no impact hunters in the third,
smaller community (Mitumba), where, unlike the others,
hunting probability increased with the number of females
present at an encounter with prey.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2015.0005},
Key = {fds299962}
}
@article{fds240944,
Author = {Foerster, S and McLellan, K and Schroepfer-Walker, K and Murray, CM and Krupenye, C and Gilby, IC and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Social bonds in the dispersing sex: partner preferences
among adult female chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {105},
Pages = {139-152},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2015},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.04.012},
Abstract = {In most primate societies, strong and enduring social bonds
form preferentially among kin, who benefit from cooperation
through direct and indirect fitness gains. Chimpanzees,
<i>Pan troglodytes</i>, differ from most species by showing
consistent female-biased dispersal and strict male
philopatry. In most East African populations, females tend
to forage alone in small core areas and were long thought to
have weak social bonds of little biological significance.
Recent work in some populations is challenging this view.
However, challenges remain in quantifying the influence of
shared space use on association patterns, and in identifying
the drivers of partner preferences and social bonds. Here,
we use the largest data set on wild chimpanzee behaviour
currently available to assess potential determinants of
female association patterns. We quantify pairwise
similarities in ranging, dyadic association and grooming for
624 unique dyads over 38 years, including 17 adult female
kin dyads. To search for social preferences that could not
be explained by spatial overlap alone, we controlled for
expected association based on pairwise kernel volume
intersections of core areas. We found that association
frequencies among females with above-average overlap
correlated positively with grooming rates, suggesting that
associations reflected social preferences in these dyads.
Furthermore, when available, females preferred kin over
nonkin partners for association and grooming, and
variability was high among nonkin dyads. While variability
in association above and below expected values was high, on
average, nonkin associated more frequently if they had
immature male offspring, while having female offspring had
the opposite effect. Dominance rank, an important
determinant of reproductive success at Gombe, influenced
associations primarily for low-ranking females, who
associated preferentially with each other. Our findings
support the hypothesis that female chimpanzees form
well-differentiated social relationships that are of
potential adaptive value to females and their
offspring.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.04.012},
Key = {fds240944}
}
@article{fds240942,
Author = {Wroblewski, EE and Norman, PJ and Guethlein, LA and Rudicell, RS and Ramirez, MA and Li, Y and Hahn, BH and Pusey, AE and Parham,
P},
Title = {Signature Patterns of MHC Diversity in Three Gombe
Communities of Wild Chimpanzees Reflect Fitness in
Reproduction and Immune Defense against SIVcpz.},
Journal = {Plos Biology},
Volume = {13},
Number = {5},
Pages = {e1002144},
Year = {2015},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1544-9173},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002144},
Abstract = {Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules
determine immune responses to viral infections. These
polymorphic cell-surface glycoproteins bind peptide
antigens, forming ligands for cytotoxic T and natural killer
cell receptors. Under pressure from rapidly evolving
viruses, hominoid MHC class I molecules also evolve rapidly,
becoming diverse and species-specific. Little is known of
the impact of infectious disease epidemics on MHC class I
variant distributions in human populations, a context in
which the chimpanzee is the superior animal model.
Population dynamics of the chimpanzees inhabiting Gombe
National Park, Tanzania have been studied for over 50 years.
This population is infected with SIVcpz, the precursor of
human HIV-1. Because HLA-B is the most polymorphic human MHC
class I molecule and correlates strongly with HIV-1
progression, we determined sequences for its ortholog,
Patr-B, in 125 Gombe chimpanzees. Eleven Patr-B variants
were defined, as were their frequencies in Gombe's three
communities, changes in frequency with time, and effect of
SIVcpz infection. The growing populations of the northern
and central communities, where SIVcpz is less prevalent,
have stable distributions comprising a majority of
low-frequency Patr-B variants and a few high-frequency
variants. Driving the latter to high frequency has been the
fecundity of immigrants to the northern community, whereas
in the central community, it has been the fecundity of
socially dominant individuals. In the declining population
of the southern community, where greater SIVcpz prevalence
is associated with mortality and emigration, Patr-B variant
distributions have been changing. Enriched in this community
are Patr-B variants that engage with natural killer cell
receptors. Elevated among SIVcpz-infected chimpanzees, the
Patr-B*06:03 variant has striking structural and functional
similarities to HLA-B*57, the human allotype most strongly
associated with delayed HIV-1 progression. Like HLA-B*57,
Patr-B*06:03 correlates with reduced viral load, as assessed
by detection of SIVcpz RNA in feces.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.1002144},
Key = {fds240942}
}
@article{fds340518,
Author = {Nam, K and Munch, K and Hobolth, A and Dutheil, JY and Veeramah, KR and Woerner, AE and Hammer, MF and Great Ape Genome Diversity Project, and Mailund, T and Schierup, MH},
Title = {Extreme selective sweeps independently targeted the X
chromosomes of the great apes.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {112},
Number = {20},
Pages = {6413-6418},
Year = {2015},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1419306112},
Abstract = {The unique inheritance pattern of the X chromosome exposes
it to natural selection in a way that is different from that
of the autosomes, potentially resulting in accelerated
evolution. We perform a comparative analysis of X chromosome
polymorphism in 10 great ape species, including humans. In
most species, we identify striking megabase-wide regions,
where nucleotide diversity is less than 20% of the
chromosomal average. Such regions are found exclusively on
the X chromosome. The regions overlap partially among
species, suggesting that the underlying targets are partly
shared among species. The regions have higher proportions of
singleton SNPs, higher levels of population differentiation,
and a higher nonsynonymous-to-synonymous substitution ratio
than the rest of the X chromosome. We show that the extent
to which diversity is reduced is incompatible with direct
selection or the action of background selection and soft
selective sweeps alone, and therefore, we suggest that very
strong selective sweeps have independently targeted these
specific regions in several species. The only genomic
feature that we can identify as strongly associated with
loss of diversity is the location of testis-expressed
ampliconic genes, which also have reduced diversity around
them. We hypothesize that these genes may be responsible for
selective sweeps in the form of meiotic drive caused by an
intragenomic conflict in male meiosis.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1419306112},
Key = {fds340518}
}
@article{fds240955,
Author = {O'Malley, RC and Stanton, MA and Gilby, IC and Lonsdorf, EV and Pusey,
A and Markham, AC and Murray, CM},
Title = {Rank and reproductive state as predictors of female
faunivory in Kasekela chimpanzees},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {156},
Pages = {240-240},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000350594901455&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240955}
}
@article{fds240959,
Author = {Markham, AC and Lonsdorf, EV and Pusey, AE and Murray,
CM},
Title = {Maternal rank influences the outcome of aggressive
interactions between immature chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {100},
Pages = {192-198},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2015},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9484 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {For many long-lived mammalian species, extended maternal
investment has a profound effect on offspring integration in
complex social environments. One component of this
investment may be aiding young in aggressive interactions,
which can set the stage for offspring social position later
in life. Here we examined maternal effects on dyadic
aggressive interactions between immature (<12 years)
chimpanzees. Specifically, we tested whether relative
maternal rank predicted the probability of winning an
aggressive interaction. We also examined maternal responses
to aggressive interactions to determine whether maternal
interventions explain interaction outcomes. Using a 12-year
behavioural data set (2000-2011) from Gombe National Park,
Tanzania, we found that relative maternal rank predicted the
probability of winning aggressive interactions in male-male
and male-female aggressive interactions: offspring were more
likely to win if their mother outranked their opponent's
mother. Female-female aggressive interactions occurred
infrequently (two interactions), so could not be analysed.
The probability of winning was also higher for relatively
older individuals in male-male interactions, and for males
in male-female interactions. Maternal interventions were
rare (7.3% of 137 interactions), suggesting that direct
involvement does not explain the outcome for the vast
majority of aggressive interactions. These findings provide
important insight into the ontogeny of aggressive behaviour
and early dominance relationships in wild apes and highlight
a potential social advantage for offspring of higher-ranking
mothers. This advantage may be particularly pronounced for
sons, given male philopatry in chimpanzees and the potential
for social status early in life to translate more directly
to adult rank.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.12.003},
Key = {fds240959}
}
@article{fds240943,
Author = {Plooij, FX and van de Rijt-Plooij, H and Fischer, M and Wilson, ML and Pusey, A},
Title = {An archive of longitudinal recordings of the vocalizations
of adult Gombe chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Scientific Data},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {150027},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2015.27},
Abstract = {Studies of chimpanzee vocal communication provide valuable
insights into the evolution of communication in complex
societies, and also comparative data for understanding the
evolution of human language. One particularly valuable
dataset of recordings from free-living chimpanzees was
collected by Frans X. Plooij and the late Hetty van de
Rijt-Plooij at Gombe National Park, Tanzania (1971-73).
These audio specimens, which have not yet been analysed,
total over 10 h on 28 tapes, including 7 tapes focusing on
adult individuals with a total of 605 recordings. In 2014
the first part of that collection of audio specimens
covering the vocalizations of the immature Gombe chimpanzees
was made available. The data package described here covers
the vocalizations of the adult chimpanzees. We expect these
recordings will prove useful for studies on topics including
referential signalling and the emergence of dialects. The
digitized sound recordings were stored in the Macaulay
Library and the Dryad Repository. In addition, the original
notes on the contexts of the calls were translated and
transcribed from Dutch into English.},
Doi = {10.1038/sdata.2015.27},
Key = {fds240943}
}
@misc{fds240922,
Author = {Goodall, J and Pusey, A},
Title = {The Flo family},
Booktitle = {The Encyclopedia of Human Sexuality},
Publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell Reference},
Editor = {Whelehan, P and Bolin, A},
Year = {2015},
Key = {fds240922}
}
@article{fds240961,
Author = {Murray, CM and Lonsdorf, EV and Stanton, MA and Wellens, KR and Miller,
JA and Goodall, J and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Early social exposure in wild chimpanzees: mothers with sons
are more gregarious than mothers with daughters.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {111},
Number = {51},
Pages = {18189-18194},
Year = {2014},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9282 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {In many mammals, early social experience is critical to
developing species-appropriate adult behaviors. Although
mother-infant interactions play an undeniably significant
role in social development, other individuals in the social
milieu may also influence infant outcomes. Additionally, the
social skills necessary for adult success may differ between
the sexes. In chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), adult males are
more gregarious than females and rely on a suite of
competitive and cooperative relationships to obtain access
to females. In fission-fusion species, including humans and
chimpanzees, subgroup composition is labile and individuals
can vary the number of individuals with whom they associate.
Thus, mothers in these species have a variety of social
options. In this study, we investigated whether wild
chimpanzee maternal subgrouping patterns differed based on
infant sex. Our results show that mothers of sons were more
gregarious than mothers of daughters; differences were
especially pronounced during the first 6 mo of life, when
infant behavior is unlikely to influence maternal
subgrouping. Furthermore, mothers with sons spent
significantly more time in parties containing males during
the first 6 mo. These early differences foreshadow the
well-documented sex differences in adult social behavior,
and maternal gregariousness may provide sons with important
observational learning experiences and social exposure early
in life. The presence of these patterns in chimpanzees
raises questions concerning the evolutionary history of
differential social exposure and its role in shaping
sex-typical behavior in humans.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1409507111},
Key = {fds240961}
}
@article{fds240962,
Author = {Feldblum, J and Wroblewski, E and Rudicell, R and Hahn, B and Paiva, T and Cetinkaya-Rundel, M and Pusey, A and Gilby, I},
Title = {Sexually Coercive Male Chimpanzees Sire More
Offspring},
Journal = {Current Biology},
Volume = {24},
Number = {23},
Pages = {2855-2860},
Publisher = {Elsevier},
Year = {2014},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0960-9822},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9269 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {In sexually reproducing animals, male and female
reproductive strategies often conflict [1]. In some species,
males use aggression to overcome female choice [2, 3], but
debate persists over the extent to which this strategy is
successful. Previous studies of male aggression toward
females among wild chimpanzees have yielded contradictory
results about the relationship between aggression and mating
behavior [4?11]. Critically, however, copulation frequency
in primates is not always predictive of reproductive success
[12]. We analyzed a 17-year sample of behavioral and
genetic data from the Kasekela chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes
schweinfurthii) community in Gombe National Park, Tanzania,
to test the hypothesis that male aggression toward females
increases male reproductive success. We examined the effect
of male aggression toward females during ovarian cycling,
including periods when the females were sexually receptive
(swollen) and periods when they were not. We found that,
after controlling for confounding factors, male aggression
during a female?s swollen periods was positively correlated
with copulation frequency. However, aggression toward
swollen females was not predictive of paternity. Instead,
aggression by high-ranking males toward females during their
nonswollen periods was positively associated with likelihood
of paternity. This indicates that long-term patterns
of intimidation allow high-ranking males to increase their
reproductive success, supporting the sexual coercion
hypothesis. To our knowledge, this is the first study to
present genetic evidence of sexual coercion as an adaptive
strategy in a social mammal.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2014.10.039},
Key = {fds240962}
}
@article{fds240960,
Author = {Moeller, AH and Li, Y and Mpoudi Ngole and E and Ahuka-Mundeke, S and Lonsdorf, EV and Pusey, AE and Peeters, M and Hahn, BH and Ochman,
H},
Title = {Rapid changes in the gut microbiome during human
evolution.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {111},
Number = {46},
Pages = {16431-16435},
Year = {2014},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1419136111},
Abstract = {Humans are ecosystems containing trillions of
microorganisms, but the evolutionary history of this
microbiome is obscured by a lack of knowledge about
microbiomes of African apes. We sequenced the gut
communities of hundreds of chimpanzees, bonobos, and
gorillas and developed a phylogenetic approach to
reconstruct how present-day human microbiomes have diverged
from those of ancestral populations. Compositional change in
the microbiome was slow and clock-like during African ape
diversification, but human microbiomes have deviated from
the ancestral state at an accelerated rate. Relative to the
microbiomes of wild apes, human microbiomes have lost
ancestral microbial diversity while becoming specialized for
animal-based diets. Individual wild apes cultivate more
phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species of
bacteria than do individual humans across a range of
societies. These results indicate that humanity has
experienced a depletion of the gut flora since diverging
from Pan.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1419136111},
Key = {fds240960}
}
@article{fds240963,
Author = {Wilson, ML and Boesch, C and Fruth, B and Furuichi, T and Gilby, IC and Hashimoto, C and Hobaiter, CL and Hohmann, G and Itoh, N and Koops, K and Lloyd, JN and Matsuzawa, T and Mitani, JC and Mjungu, DC and Morgan, D and Muller, MN and Mundry, R and Nakamura, M and Pruetz, J and Pusey, AE and Riedel, J and Sanz, C and Schel, AM and Simmons, N and Waller, M and Watts,
DP and White, F and Wittig, RM and Zuberbühler, K and Wrangham,
RW},
Title = {Lethal aggression in Pan is better explained by adaptive
strategies than human impacts.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {513},
Number = {7518},
Pages = {414-417},
Year = {2014},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13727},
Abstract = {Observations of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos
(Pan paniscus) provide valuable comparative data for
understanding the significance of conspecific killing. Two
kinds of hypothesis have been proposed. Lethal violence is
sometimes concluded to be the result of adaptive strategies,
such that killers ultimately gain fitness benefits by
increasing their access to resources such as food or mates.
Alternatively, it could be a non-adaptive result of human
impacts, such as habitat change or food provisioning. To
discriminate between these hypotheses we compiled
information from 18 chimpanzee communities and 4 bonobo
communities studied over five decades. Our data include 152
killings (n = 58 observed, 41 inferred, and 53 suspected
killings) by chimpanzees in 15 communities and one suspected
killing by bonobos. We found that males were the most
frequent attackers (92% of participants) and victims (73%);
most killings (66%) involved intercommunity attacks; and
attackers greatly outnumbered their victims (median 8:1
ratio). Variation in killing rates was unrelated to measures
of human impacts. Our results are compatible with previously
proposed adaptive explanations for killing by chimpanzees,
whereas the human impact hypothesis is not
supported.},
Doi = {10.1038/nature13727},
Key = {fds240963}
}
@article{fds240954,
Author = {Travis, DA and Lonsdorf, EV and Gillespie, TR and Lipende, I and Raphael, J and Terio, KA and Murray, CM and Mjungu, D and Collins, A and Parsons, MB and Wolf, T and Singer, R and Hahn, BH and Wilson, ML and Pusey, AE},
Title = {SCIENCE-BASED HEALTH MANAGEMENT PLANNING FOR GREAT
APES},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {76},
Pages = {39-39},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2014},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000349374300010&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240954}
}
@article{fds240956,
Author = {Lonsdorf, E and Travis, D and Lipende, I and Gillespie, T and Raphael,
J and Terio, K and Murray, C and Hahn, B and Pusey, A},
Title = {THE GOMBE ECOHEALTH PROJECT: LONG-TERM INTEGRATED
HEALTH-MONITORING IN WILD CHIMPANZEES},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {76},
Pages = {37-37},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2014},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000349374300004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240956}
}
@article{fds240957,
Author = {Wolf, TM and Lonsdorf, E and Lipende, I and Gillespie, T and Terio, K and Hahn, B and Pusey, A and Murray, C and Singer, R and Travis,
D},
Title = {EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE OUTBREAKS
AMONG CHIMPANZEES (PAN TROGLODYTES SCHWEINFURTHII) IN GOMBE
STREAM NATIONAL PARK FROM 2004-2012},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {76},
Pages = {39-39},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2014},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000349374300008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240957}
}
@article{fds240958,
Author = {Barbian, HJ and Ramirez, MA and Li, Y and Lipende, I and Mjungu, D and Pusey, AE and Lonsdorf, EV and Bibollet-Ruche, F and Hahn,
BH},
Title = {EVALUATING THE ENTERIC MICROBIOME OF SIVCPZ INFECTED
WILD-LIVING CHIMPANZEES},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {76},
Pages = {38-38},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2014},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000349374300006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240958}
}
@article{fds240964,
Author = {Stanton, MA and Lonsdorf, EV and Pusey, AE and Goodall, J and Murray,
CM},
Title = {Maternal Behavior by Birth Order in Wild Chimpanzees (Pan
troglodytes): Increased Investment by First-Time
Mothers.},
Journal = {Current Anthropology},
Volume = {55},
Number = {4},
Pages = {483-489},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Year = {2014},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0011-3204},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/677053},
Abstract = {Parental investment theory predicts that maternal resources
are finite and allocated among offspring based on factors
including maternal age and condition, and offspring sex and
parity. Among humans, firstborn children are often
considered to have an advantage and receive greater
investment than their younger siblings. However, conflicting
evidence for this "firstborn advantage" between modern and
hunter-gatherer societies raises questions about the
evolutionary history of differential parental investment and
birth order. In contrast to humans, most non-human primate
firstborns belong to young, inexperienced mothers and
exhibit higher mortality than laterborns. In this study, we
investigated differences in maternal investment and
offspring outcomes based on birth order (firstborn vs.
later-born) among wild chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodyte
schweinfurthii</i>). During the critical first year of life,
primiparous mothers nursed, groomed, and played with their
infants more than did multiparous mothers. Furthermore, this
pattern of increased investment in firstborns appeared to be
compensatory, as probability of survival did not differ by
birth order. Our study did not find evidence for a firstborn
advantage as observed in modern humans but does suggest that
unlike many other primates, differences in maternal behavior
help afford chimpanzee first-borns an equal chance of
survival.},
Doi = {10.1086/677053},
Key = {fds240964}
}
@article{fds335495,
Author = {Mjungu, DC and Lipende, I and Walker, KS and Gilby, IC and Murray, C and Wroblewski, E and Ramirez, M and Hahn, B and Pusey, AE and Wilson,
ML},
Title = {Within-group infanticide and infanticidal attempts by the
alpha male chimpanzee at Gombe National Park,
Tanzania},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {153},
Pages = {187-188},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds335495}
}
@article{fds347222,
Author = {Gilby, IC and Krupenye, C and Lee, H and Feldblum, JT and Pusey,
AE},
Title = {Whom to trust? Social bonds and allegiance fickleness among
the Gombe chimpanzees},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {153},
Pages = {124-125},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds347222}
}
@article{fds240946,
Author = {Liu, W and Li, Y and Shaw, KS and Learn, GH and Plenderleith, LJ and Malenke, JA and Sundararaman, SA and Ramirez, MA and Crystal, PA and Smith, AG and Bibollet-Ruche, F and Ayouba, A and Locatelli, S and Esteban, A and Mouacha, F and Guichet, E and Butel, C and Ahuka-Mundeke,
S and Inogwabini, B-I and Ndjango, J-BN and Speede, S and Sanz, CM and Morgan, DB and Gonder, MK and Kranzusch, PJ and Walsh, PD and Georgiev,
AV and Muller, MN and Piel, AK and Stewart, FA and Wilson, ML and Pusey,
AE and Cui, L and Wang, Z and Färnert, A and Sutherland, CJ and Nolder, D and Hart, JA and Hart, TB and Bertolani, P and Gillis, A and LeBreton, M and Tafon, B and Kiyang, J and Djoko, CF and Schneider, BS and Wolfe, ND and Mpoudi-Ngole, E and Delaporte, E and Carter, R and Culleton, RL and Shaw, GM and Rayner, JC and Peeters, M and Hahn, BH and Sharp,
PM},
Title = {African origin of the malaria parasite Plasmodium
vivax.},
Journal = {Nature Communications},
Volume = {5},
Pages = {3346},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4346},
Abstract = {Plasmodium vivax is the leading cause of human malaria in
Asia and Latin America but is absent from most of central
Africa due to the near fixation of a mutation that inhibits
the expression of its receptor, the Duffy antigen, on human
erythrocytes. The emergence of this protective allele is not
understood because P. vivax is believed to have originated
in Asia. Here we show, using a non-invasive approach, that
wild chimpanzees and gorillas throughout central Africa are
endemically infected with parasites that are closely related
to human P. vivax. Sequence analyses reveal that ape
parasites lack host specificity and are much more diverse
than human parasites, which form a monophyletic lineage
within the ape parasite radiation. These findings indicate
that human P. vivax is of African origin and likely selected
for the Duffy-negative mutation. All extant human P. vivax
parasites are derived from a single ancestor that escaped
out of Africa.},
Doi = {10.1038/ncomms4346},
Key = {fds240946}
}
@article{fds240953,
Author = {Plooij, FX and van de Rijt-Plooij, H and Fischer, M and Pusey,
A},
Title = {Longitudinal recordings of the vocalizations of immature
Gombe chimpanzees for developmental studies.},
Journal = {Scientific Data},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {140025},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2014.25},
Abstract = {Many researchers are interested in chimpanzee vocal
communication, both as an important aspect of chimpanzee
social behavior and as a source of insights into the
evolution of human language. Nonetheless, very little is
known about how chimpanzee vocal communication develops from
infancy to adulthood. The largest dataset of audiorecordings
from free-living immature chimpanzees was collected by the
late Hetty van de Rijt-Plooij and Frans X. Plooij at Gombe
National Park, Tanzania (1971-1973). These recordings have
not yet been analysed. Therefore, the most extensive effort
to study the development of chimpanzee vocalizations remains
unfinished. The audiospecimens total over 10 h on 28
tapes, including 20 tapes focusing on 17 specific immature
individuals with a total of 1,136 recordings. In order to
make this dataset available to more researchers, the
analogue sound recordings were digitized and stored in the
Macaulay Library and the Dryad Repository. In addition, the
original notes on the contexts of the calls were translated
and transcribed from Dutch into English.},
Doi = {10.1038/sdata.2014.25},
Key = {fds240953}
}
@article{fds222939,
Author = {Miller JA and Pusey AE and Gilby IC and Schroepfer-Walker K and Markham
C, Murray CM},
Title = {Competing for space: female chimpanzees are more aggressive
inside their core areas than outside},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {87},
Pages = {147-152},
Year = {2014},
Key = {fds222939}
}
@article{fds240966,
Author = {Miller, JA and Pusey, AE and Gilby, IC and Schroepfer-Walker, KK and Catherine Markham and A and Murray, CM},
Title = {Competing for space: female chimpanzees are more aggressive
inside than outside their core areas},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {87},
Number = {C},
Pages = {147-152},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2013},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.10.023},
Abstract = {Female space use can have important fitness consequences,
which are likely due to differential access to food
resources. Many studies have explored spatial competition in
solitary species, but little is known about how individuals
in social species compete over shared space. In this study,
we investigate spatial patterns of aggression among female
East African chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii.
This species provides an excellent opportunity to study
spatial competition since (1) female chimpanzees occupy
overlapping core areas (small areas of the community range
in which individuals concentrate their space use) and (2)
female core area quality is correlated with reproductive
success, suggesting that females compete over long-term
access to core areas. Here, we examine how female aggression
towards other females varies inside and outside individual
female core areas during a 14-year period at Gombe National
Park, Tanzania. Overall, females showed higher rates of
aggression inside than outside their own core areas. This
pattern was driven by spatial variation in aggression in
nonfeeding contexts. While food-related aggression did not
vary spatially, females were more aggressive in nonfeeding
contexts inside their core areas than they were outside
their core areas. These results suggest that female
chimpanzees follow a mixed strategy in which they compete
for long-term access to resources in their core areas as
well as for immediate access to food throughout the
community range. © 2013 The Association for the Study of
Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.10.023},
Key = {fds240966}
}
@article{fds240968,
Author = {Moeller, AH and Shilts, M and Li, Y and Rudicell, RS and Lonsdorf, EV and Pusey, AE and Wilson, ML and Hahn, BH and Ochman,
H},
Title = {SIV-induced instability of the chimpanzee gut
microbiome.},
Journal = {Cell Host & Microbe},
Volume = {14},
Number = {3},
Pages = {340-345},
Year = {2013},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1931-3128},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2013.08.005},
Abstract = {Simian immunodeficiency virus of chimpanzees (SIVcpz) is the
ancestor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the
etiologic agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
in humans. Like HIV-1-infected humans, SIVcpz-infected
chimpanzees can develop AIDS-like symptoms. Because
SIVcpz/HIV-1 may disrupt regulation of the gut microbiome
and because it has not been possible to sample individual
humans pre- and postinfection, we investigated the influence
of infection on gut communities through long-term monitoring
of chimpanzees from Gombe National Park, Tanzania. SIVcpz
infection accelerated the rate of change in gut microbiota
composition within individuals for periods of years after
the initial infection and led to gut communities marked by
high frequencies of pathogen-containing bacterial genera
absent from SIVcpz-negative individuals. Our results
indicate that immune function maintains temporally stable
gut communities that are lost when individuals become
infected with SIVcpz.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.chom.2013.08.005},
Key = {fds240968}
}
@article{fds240971,
Author = {Alberts, SC and Altmann, J and Brockman, DK and Cords, M and Fedigan,
LM and Pusey, A and Stoinski, TS and Strier, KB and Morris, WF and Bronikowski, AM},
Title = {Reproductive aging patterns in primates reveal that humans
are distinct.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {110},
Number = {33},
Pages = {13440-13445},
Year = {2013},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23898189},
Abstract = {Women rarely give birth after ∼45 y of age, and they
experience the cessation of reproductive cycles, menopause,
at ∼50 y of age after a fertility decline lasting almost
two decades. Such reproductive senescence in mid-lifespan is
an evolutionary puzzle of enduring interest because it
should be inherently disadvantageous. Furthermore,
comparative data on reproductive senescence from other
primates, or indeed other mammals, remains relatively rare.
Here we carried out a unique detailed comparative study of
reproductive senescence in seven species of nonhuman
primates in natural populations, using long-term,
individual-based data, and compared them to a population of
humans experiencing natural fertility and mortality. In four
of seven primate species we found that reproductive
senescence occurred before death only in a small minority of
individuals. In three primate species we found evidence of
reproductive senescence that accelerated throughout
adulthood; however, its initial rate was much lower than
mortality, so that relatively few individuals experienced
reproductive senescence before death. In contrast, the human
population showed the predicted and well-known pattern in
which reproductive senescence occurred before death for many
women and its rate accelerated throughout adulthood. These
results provide strong support for the hypothesis that
reproductive senescence in midlife, although apparent in
natural-fertility, natural-mortality populations of humans,
is generally absent in other primates living in such
populations.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1311857110},
Key = {fds240971}
}
@article{fds240969,
Author = {Prado-Martinez, J and Sudmant, PH and Kidd, JM and Li, H and Kelley, JL and Lorente-Galdos, B and Veeramah, KR and Woerner, AE and O'Connor, TD and Santpere, G and Cagan, A and Theunert, C and Casals, F and Laayouni, H and Munch, K and Hobolth, A and Halager, AE and Malig, M and Hernandez-Rodriguez, J and Hernando-Herraez, I and Prüfer, K and Pybus, M and Johnstone, L and Lachmann, M and Alkan, C and Twigg, D and Petit, N and Baker, C and Hormozdiari, F and Fernandez-Callejo, M and Dabad, M and Wilson, ML and Stevison, L and Camprubí, C and Carvalho,
T and Ruiz-Herrera, A and Vives, L and Mele, M and Abello, T and Kondova,
I and Bontrop, RE and Pusey, A and Lankester, F and Kiyang, JA and Bergl,
RA and Lonsdorf, E and Myers, S and Ventura, M and Gagneux, P and Comas, D and Siegismund, H and Blanc, J and Agueda-Calpena, L and Gut, M and Fulton,
L and Tishkoff, SA and Mullikin, JC and Wilson, RK and Gut, IG and Gonder,
MK and Ryder, OA and Hahn, BH and Navarro, A and Akey, JM and Bertranpetit,
J and Reich, D and Mailund, T and Schierup, MH and Hvilsom, C and Andrés,
AM and Wall, JD and Bustamante, CD and Hammer, MF and Eichler, EE and Marques-Bonet, T},
Title = {Great ape genetic diversity and population
history.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {499},
Number = {7459},
Pages = {471-475},
Year = {2013},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23823723},
Abstract = {Most great ape genetic variation remains uncharacterized;
however, its study is critical for understanding population
history, recombination, selection and susceptibility to
disease. Here we sequence to high coverage a total of 79
wild- and captive-born individuals representing all six
great ape species and seven subspecies and report
88.8 million single nucleotide polymorphisms. Our analysis
provides support for genetically distinct populations within
each species, signals of gene flow, and the split of common
chimpanzees into two distinct groups: Nigeria-Cameroon/western
and central/eastern populations. We find extensive
inbreeding in almost all wild populations, with eastern
gorillas being the most extreme. Inferred effective
population sizes have varied radically over time in
different lineages and this appears to have a profound
effect on the genetic diversity at, or close to, genes in
almost all species. We discover and assign 1,982
loss-of-function variants throughout the human and great ape
lineages, determining that the rate of gene loss has not
been different in the human branch compared to other
internal branches in the great ape phylogeny. This
comprehensive catalogue of great ape genome diversity
provides a framework for understanding evolution and a
resource for more effective management of wild and captive
great ape populations.},
Doi = {10.1038/nature12228},
Key = {fds240969}
}
@article{fds240970,
Author = {Gilby, IC and Wilson, ML and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Ecology rather than psychology explains co-occurrence of
predation and border patrols in male chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {86},
Number = {1},
Pages = {61-74},
Year = {2013},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.04.012},
Abstract = {The intense arousal and excitement shown by adult male
chimpanzees, <i>Pan troglodytes</i>, during territorial
attacks on other chimpanzees and predation upon monkeys
suggest that similar psychological mechanisms may be
involved. Specifically, it has been proposed that hunting
behaviour in chimpanzees evolved from intraspecies
aggression. Over 32 years, chimpanzees at Gombe National
Park, Tanzania were significantly more likely to engage in a
territorial border patrol on days when they hunted red
colobus monkeys (<i>Procolobus</i> spp.), and vice versa,
even after statistically controlling for male chimpanzee
party size. We test the hypothesis that this correlation
arises because hunting and patrolling are components of a
specieslevel aggressive behavioural syndrome; specifically
that predation arose as a by-product of territorial
aggression in this species. However, hunting was equally
likely to occur after a patrol and/or an intergroup
interaction as it was before, and the occurrence of an
intergroup interaction in which the chimpanzees approached
strangers did not increase subsequent hunting probability.
We also reject the hypothesis that hunting and patrolling
reflect an individual-level behavioural syndrome. We
identified two 'impact hunters' whose presence increased
hunting probability. Similarly, there were also three
'impact patrollers', who increased the likelihood that a
visit to the periphery of the community range resulted in a
patrol. While this discovery has important implications for
our understanding of the proximate causes of cooperation, it
does not explain the temporal correlation between patrolling
and hunting, since no males had such an impact in both
contexts. Instead, the data suggest that the correlation
arose because patrols typically involved males travelling
long distances, which increased the probability of
encountering prey. Additionally, parties that travelled to
the periphery were more likely to encounter colobus in
woodland, where hunts are more likely to occur and to
succeed. Therefore, we conclude that ecological, rather than
psychological, factors promote the co-occurrence of hunting
and territorial aggression in this species.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.04.012},
Key = {fds240970}
}
@article{fds241031,
Author = {Gilby, IC and Brent, LJN and Wroblewski, EE and Rudicell, RS and Hahn,
BH and Goodall, J and Pusey, AE},
Title = {FITNESS BENEFITS OF COALITIONARY AGGRESSION IN MALE
CHIMPANZEES.},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Volume = {67},
Number = {3},
Pages = {373-381},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2013},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0340-5443},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-012-1457-6},
Abstract = {Coalitionary aggression occurs when at least two individuals
jointly direct aggression at one or more conspecific
targets. Scientists have long argued that this common form
of cooperation has positive fitness consequences.
Nevertheless, despite evidence that social bond strength
(which is thought to promote coalition formation) is
correlated with fitness in primates, cetaceans, and
ungulates, few studies have directly examined whether
coalitionary aggression improves reproductive success. We
tested the hypothesis that among free-ranging chimpanzees
(<i>Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii</i>), participation in
coalitionary aggression increases reproductive output. Using
14 years of genetic and behavioral data from Gombe National
Park, Tanzania, we found that coalitionary aggression
increased a male's chances of A) siring offspring, compared
to other males of similar dominance rank, and B) ascending
in rank, a correlate of future reproductive output. Because
male chimpanzees form coalitions with many others within a
complex network, we used social network analysis to identify
the types of connections correlated with these fitness
benefits. The beneficiaries of coalitionary aggression were
males with the highest 'betweenness' - that is, those who
tended to have coalition partners who themselves did not
form coalitions with each other. This suggests that beyond
simply recognizing third-party relationships, chimpanzees
may use this knowledge to choose coalition partners. If so,
this is a significant step forward in our knowledge of the
adaptive value of social intelligence. Regardless of
mechanism, however, this is the first evidence of genetic
benefits of coalitionary aggression in this species, and
therefore has important implications for understanding the
evolution of cooperation.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00265-012-1457-6},
Key = {fds241031}
}
@article{fds240967,
Author = {Pusey, AE and Schroepfer-Walker, K},
Title = {Female competition in chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological Sciences},
Volume = {368},
Number = {1631},
Pages = {20130077},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0962-8436},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0077},
Abstract = {Female chimpanzees exhibit exceptionally slow rates of
reproduction and raise their offspring without direct
paternal care. Therefore, their reproductive success depends
critically on long-term access to high-quality food
resources over a long lifespan. Chimpanzee communities
contain multiple adult males, multiple adult females and
their offspring. Because males are philopatric and jointly
defend the community range while most females transfer to
new communities before breeding, adult females are typically
surrounded by unrelated competitors. Communities are
fission-fusion societies in which individuals spend time
alone or in fluid subgroups, whose size depends mostly on
the abundance and distribution of food. To varying extents
in different populations, females avoid direct competition
by foraging alone or in small groups in distinct, but
overlapping core areas within the community range to which
they show high fidelity. Although rates of aggression are
low, females compete for space and access to food. High rank
correlates with high reproductive success, and high-ranking
females win direct contests for food and gain preferential
access to resource-rich sites. Females are aggressive to
immigrant females and even kill the newborn infants of
community members. The intensity of such aggression
correlates with population density. These patterns are
compared to those in other species, including
humans.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2013.0077},
Key = {fds240967}
}
@article{fds240972,
Author = {Schroepfer-Walker, KK and Pusey, A and Rudicell, RS and Ramirez, MA and Hahn, BH and Wroblewski, E},
Title = {Females select mates that are less related than expected
among the Gombe chimpanzees.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {150},
Pages = {246-246},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000318043202275&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds240972}
}
@article{fds222923,
Author = {Alberts SC and Altmann J and Brockman DK and Cords M and Fedigan L and Pusey A and Stoinski T and Strier KB and Morris WF and Bronikowski
AF},
Title = {Reproductive cessation patterns in primates reveal that
humans are distinct},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
Volume = {110},
Pages = {13440-13445},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds222923}
}
@article{fds303349,
Author = {Gilby, I and Pusey, A and Wilson, M},
Title = {Ecological and social correlates of inter-group aggression
and predation in male chimpanzees},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {86},
Pages = {61-74},
Year = {2013},
ISSN = {1095-8282},
Key = {fds303349}
}
@article{fds241030,
Author = {Gogarten, JF and Brown, LM and Chapman, CA and Cords, M and Doran-Sheehy, D and Fedigan, LM and Grine, FE and Perry, S and Pusey,
AE and Sterck, EHM and Wich, SA and Wright, PC},
Title = {Seasonal mortality patterns in non-human primates:
implications for variation in selection pressures across
environments.},
Journal = {Evolution; International Journal of Organic
Evolution},
Volume = {66},
Number = {10},
Pages = {3252-3266},
Year = {2012},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0014-3820},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01668.x},
Abstract = {Examining seasonal mortality patterns can yield insights
into the drivers of mortality and thus potential selection
pressures acting on individuals in different environments.
We compiled adult and juvenile mortality data from nine wild
non-human primate taxa to investigate the role of
seasonality in patterns of mortality and address the
following questions: Is mortality highly seasonal across
species? Does greater environmental seasonality lead to more
seasonal mortality patterns? If mortality is seasonal, is it
higher during wet seasons or during periods of food
scarcity? and Do folivores show less seasonal mortality than
frugivores? We found seasonal mortality patterns in five of
nine taxa, and mortality was more often tied to wet seasons
than food-scarce periods, a relationship that may be driven
by disease. Controlling for phylogeny, we found a positive
relationship between the degree of environmental seasonality
and mortality, with folivores exhibiting more seasonal
mortality than frugivores. These results suggest that
mortality patterns are influenced both by diet and degree of
environmental seasonality. Applied to a wider array of taxa,
analyses of seasonal mortality patterns may aid
understanding of life-history evolution and selection
pressures acting across a broad spectrum of environments and
spatial and temporal scales.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01668.x},
Key = {fds241030}
}
@article{fds241028,
Author = {Degnan, PH and Pusey, AE and Lonsdorf, EV and Goodall, J and Wroblewski,
EE and Wilson, ML and Rudicell, RS and Hahn, BH and Ochman,
H},
Title = {Factors associated with the diversification of the gut
microbial communities within chimpanzees from Gombe National
Park.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {109},
Number = {32},
Pages = {13034-13039},
Year = {2012},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1110994109},
Abstract = {The gastrointestinal tract harbors large and diverse
populations of bacteria that vary among individuals and
within individuals over time. Numerous internal and external
factors can influence the contents of these microbial
communities, including diet, geography, physiology, and the
extent of contact among hosts. To investigate the
contributions of such factors to the variation and changes
in gut microbial communities, we analyzed the distal gut
microbiota of individual chimpanzees from two communities in
Gombe National Park, Tanzania. These samples, which were
derived from 35 chimpanzees, many of whom have been
monitored for multiple years, provide an unusually
comprehensive longitudinal depth for individuals of known
genetic relationships. Although the composition of the
great-ape microbiota has been shown to codiversify with host
species, indicating that host genetics and phylogeny have
played a major role in its differentiation over evolutionary
timescales, the geneaological relationships of individual
chimpanzees did not coincide with the similarity in their
gut microbial communities. However, the inhabitants from
adjacent chimpanzee communities could be distinguished based
on the contents of their gut microbiota. Despite the broad
similarity of community members, as would be expected from
shared diet or interactions, long-term immigrants to a
community often harbored the most distinctive gut
microbiota, suggesting that individuals retain hallmarks of
their previous gut microbial communities for extended
periods. This pattern was reinforced in several chimpanzees
sampled over long temporal scales, in which the major
constituents of the gut microbiota were maintained for
nearly a decade.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1110994109},
Key = {fds241028}
}
@article{fds241027,
Author = {Moeller, AH and Degnan, PH and Pusey, AE and Wilson, ML and Hahn, BH and Ochman, H},
Title = {Chimpanzees and humans harbour compositionally similar gut
enterotypes.},
Journal = {Nature Communications},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {1179},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {2041-1723},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2159},
Abstract = {Microbes inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract tend to
adopt one of three characteristic community structures,
called 'enterotypes', each of which is overrepresented by a
distinct set of bacterial genera. Here we report that the
gut microbiotae of chimpanzees also assort into enterotypes
and that these chimpanzee enterotypes are compositionally
analogous to those of humans. Through the analysis of
longitudinal samples, we show that the microbial signatures
of the enterotypes are stable over time, but that individual
hosts switch between enterotypes over periods longer than a
year. These results support the hypothesis that enterotypic
variation was present in populations of great apes before
the divergence of humans and chimpanzees.},
Doi = {10.1038/ncomms2159},
Key = {fds241027}
}
@article{fds325460,
Author = {Wilson, ML and Boesch, C and Furuichi, T and Gilby, IC and Hashimoto, C and Hohmann, G and Itoh, N and Matsuzawa, T and Mitani, J and Mjungu, DC and Morgan, D and Nakamura, M and Pruetz, J and Pusey, AE and Sanz, C and Simmons, N and White, F and Watts, DP and Zuberbuhler, K and Wrangham,
RW},
Title = {Rates of lethal aggression in chimpanzees depend on the
number of adult males rather than measures of human
disturbance},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {147},
Pages = {305-305},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds325460}
}
@article{fds222921,
Author = {Prado-Martinez J and 73 authors, including Pusey AE and Marques-Bonet T},
Title = {Great ape genome diversity},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {499},
Pages = {471-475},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds222921}
}
@article{fds214752,
Author = {Degnan PH and Pusey AE and Wilson ML and Lonsdorf EV and Goodall J and Rudicell R and Hahn BH and Ochman H.},
Title = {Factors responsible for the diversification of the gut
microbial communities within chimpanzees from Gombe National
Park.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Arts and
Sciences.},
Volume = {109},
Pages = {13034-13039},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds214752}
}
@misc{fds214751,
Author = {Pintea L and Pusey AE and Wilson ML and Gilby IC and Collins DA and Kamenya
S, Goodall J},
Title = {Long-term changes in the ecological factors surrounding the
chimpanzees of Gombe National Park.},
Booktitle = {Long Term Changes in Africa's Rift Valley: Impacts on
Biodiversity and Ecosystems.},
Publisher = {Nova Science Publishers.},
Address = {New York,},
Editor = {A. J. Plumptre},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds214751}
}
@misc{fds240930,
Author = {Pusey, A},
Title = {The magnitude and sources of variation in female
reproductive performance},
Pages = {344-366},
Booktitle = {Evolution of Primate Societies},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Address = {Chicago},
Editor = {Mitani, J and Call, J and Kappeler, P and Palombit, R and Silk,
J},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds240930}
}
@article{fds241032,
Author = {Lonsdorf, EV and Murray, CM and Lonsdorf, EV and Travis, DA and Gilby,
IC and Chosy, J and Goodall, J and Pusey, AE},
Title = {A retrospective analysis of factors correlated to chimpanzee
(Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) respiratory health at Gombe
National Park, Tanzania.},
Journal = {Ecohealth},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Pages = {26-35},
Year = {2011},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1612-9202},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10393-011-0683-0},
Abstract = {Infectious disease and other health hazards have been
hypothesized to pose serious threats to the persistence of
wild ape populations. Respiratory disease outbreaks have
been shown to be of particular concern for several wild
chimpanzee study sites, leading managers, and researchers to
hypothesize that diseases originating from and/or spread by
humans pose a substantial risk to the long-term survival of
chimpanzee populations. The total chimpanzee population in
Gombe National Park, Tanzania, has declined from 120-150 in
the 1960s to about 100 by the end of 2007, with death
associated with observable signs of disease as the leading
cause of mortality. We used a historical data set collected
from 1979 to 1987 to investigate the baseline rates of
respiratory illness in chimpanzees at Gombe National Park,
Tanzania, and to analyze the impact of human-related factors
(e.g., banana feeding, visits to staff quarters) and
non-human-related factors (e.g., sociality, season) on
chimpanzee respiratory illness rates. We found that season
and banana feeding were the most significant predictors of
respiratory health clinical signs during this time period.
We discuss these results in the context of management
options for the reduction of disease risk and the importance
of long-term observational data for conservation.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10393-011-0683-0},
Key = {fds241032}
}
@article{fds241033,
Author = {Bronikowski, AM and Altmann, J and Brockman, DK and Cords, M and Fedigan, LM and Pusey, A and Stoinski, T and Morris, WF and Strier, KB and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Aging in the natural world: comparative data reveal similar
mortality patterns across primates.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {331},
Number = {6022},
Pages = {1325-1328},
Year = {2011},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1201571},
Abstract = {Human senescence patterns-late onset of mortality increase,
slow mortality acceleration, and exceptional longevity-are
often described as unique in the animal world. Using an
individual-based data set from longitudinal studies of wild
populations of seven primate species, we show that contrary
to assumptions of human uniqueness, human senescence falls
within the primate continuum of aging; the tendency for
males to have shorter life spans and higher age-specific
mortality than females throughout much of adulthood is a
common feature in many, but not all, primates; and the aging
profiles of primate species do not reflect phylogenetic
position. These findings suggest that mortality patterns in
primates are shaped by local selective forces rather than
phylogenetic history.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1201571},
Key = {fds241033}
}
@article{fds241035,
Author = {Langergraber, KE and Boesch, C and Inoue, E and Inoue-Murayama, M and Mitani, JC and Nishida, T and Pusey, A and Reynolds, V and Schubert, G and Wrangham, RW and Wroblewski, E and Vigilant, L},
Title = {Genetic and 'cultural' similarity in wild
chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological
Sciences},
Volume = {278},
Number = {1704},
Pages = {408-416},
Year = {2011},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0962-8452},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1112},
Abstract = {The question of whether animals possess 'cultures' or
'traditions' continues to generate widespread theoretical
and empirical interest. Studies of wild chimpanzees have
featured prominently in this discussion, as the dominant
approach used to identify culture in wild animals was first
applied to them. This procedure, the 'method of exclusion,'
begins by documenting behavioural differences between groups
and then infers the existence of culture by eliminating
ecological explanations for their occurrence. The validity
of this approach has been questioned because genetic
differences between groups have not explicitly been ruled
out as a factor contributing to between-group differences in
behaviour. Here we investigate this issue directly by
analysing genetic and behavioural data from nine groups of
wild chimpanzees. We find that the overall levels of genetic
and behavioural dissimilarity between groups are highly and
statistically significantly correlated. Additional analyses
show that only a very small number of behaviours vary
between genetically similar groups, and that there is no
obvious pattern as to which classes of behaviours (e.g.
tool-use versus communicative) have a distribution that
matches patterns of between-group genetic dissimilarity.
These results indicate that genetic dissimilarity cannot be
eliminated as playing a major role in generating group
differences in chimpanzee behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2010.1112},
Key = {fds241035}
}
@article{fds241034,
Author = {Morris, WF and Altmann, J and Brockman, DK and Cords, M and Fedigan, LM and Pusey, AE and Stoinski, TS and Bronikowski, AM and Alberts, SC and Strier, KB},
Title = {Low demographic variability in wild primate populations:
fitness impacts of variation, covariation, and serial
correlation in vital rates.},
Journal = {The American Naturalist},
Volume = {177},
Number = {1},
Pages = {E14-E28},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21117962},
Abstract = {In a stochastic environment, long-term fitness can be
influenced by variation, covariation, and serial correlation
in vital rates (survival and fertility). Yet no study of an
animal population has parsed the contributions of these
three aspects of variability to long-term fitness. We do so
using a unique database that includes complete life-history
information for wild-living individuals of seven primate
species that have been the subjects of long-term (22-45
years) behavioral studies. Overall, the estimated levels of
vital rate variation had only minor effects on long-term
fitness, and the effects of vital rate covariation and
serial correlation were even weaker. To explore why, we
compared estimated variances of adult survival in primates
with values for other vertebrates in the literature and
found that adult survival is significantly less variable in
primates than it is in the other vertebrates. Finally, we
tested the prediction that adult survival, because it more
strongly influences fitness in a constant environment, will
be less variable than newborn survival, and we found only
mixed support for the prediction. Our results suggest that
wild primates may be buffered against detrimental fitness
effects of environmental stochasticity by their highly
developed cognitive abilities, social networks, and broad,
flexible diets.},
Doi = {10.1086/657443},
Key = {fds241034}
}
@misc{fds240965,
Author = {Pintea, L and Pusey, AE and Wilson, ML and Gilby, IC and Collins, A and Kamenya, S and Goodall, JM},
Title = {Long-term ecological changes affecting the chimpanzees of
Gombe National Park, Tanzania},
Pages = {227-247},
Booktitle = {The Ecological Impact of Long-Term Changes in Africa's Rift
Valley},
Publisher = {Nova Science Publishers},
Editor = {Plumptre, AJ},
Year = {2011},
ISBN = {9781611227802},
Key = {fds240965}
}
@article{fds241037,
Author = {Gillespie, TR and Lonsdorf, EV and Canfield, EP and Meyer, DJ and Nadler, Y and Raphael, J and Pusey, AE and Pond, J and Pauley, J and Mlengeya, T and Travis, DA},
Title = {Demographic and ecological effects on patterns of parasitism
in eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in
Gombe National Park, Tanzania.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {143},
Number = {4},
Pages = {534-544},
Year = {2010},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21348},
Abstract = {From January 2006 to January 2008, we collected 1,045 fecal
samples from 90 individually-recognized, free-ranging,
eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)
inhabiting Gombe National Park, Tanzania to determine how
patterns of parasitism are affected by demographic and
ecological covariates. Seventeen parasite species were
recovered, including eight nematodes (Oesophagostomum sp.,
Necator sp., Probstmayria gombensis, Strongyloides
fulleborni, Ascaris sp., Trichuris sp., Abbreviata
caucasica, and an unidentified strongyle), 1 cestode
(Bertiella sp.), 1 trematode (Dicrocoeliidae), and 7
protozoa (Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar,
Iodamoeba bütschlii, Troglodytella abrassarti, Troglocorys
cava, Balantidium coli, and an unidentified protozoa).
Significant differences were observed in interannual
infection prevalence and parasite richness between 2006 and
2007. Intercommunity comparisons demonstrated higher
prevalence of parasites for the Mitumba compared with
Kasekela chimpanzee community. Prevalence of several
parasites was strongly correlated with monthly rainfall
patterns for both 2006 and 2007. Subadult chimpanzees had
lower prevalence for most parasite species compared with
adults in both years and also yielded a lower average
parasite species richness. No significant differences were
observed between males and females in prevalence in 2006.
However, in 2007 the prevalence of S. fulleborni and I.
bütschlii were higher in males than in females. Parasite
prevalence and richness were substantially higher in this
multiyear study compared with previous short-term studies of
the gastrointestinal parasites of Gombe chimpanzees. This
coupled with the significant interannual and interseasonal
variation, demonstrated in this study, emphasizes the
importance of multiyear monitoring with adequate sample size
to effectively determine patterns of parasitism in wild
primate populations.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.21348},
Key = {fds241037}
}
@article{fds241039,
Author = {Jones, JH and Wilson, ML and Murray, C and Pusey,
A},
Title = {Phenotypic quality influences fertility in Gombe
chimpanzees.},
Journal = {The Journal of Animal Ecology},
Volume = {79},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1262-1269},
Year = {2010},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0021-8790},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01687.x},
Keywords = {Aging Animals Body Weight Female Fertility* Male Pan
troglodytes Social Dominance physiology*},
Abstract = {1. Fertility is an important fitness component, but is
difficult to measure in slowly reproducing, long-lived
animals such as chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). 2. We
measured fertility and the effect of measured covariates on
fertility in a 43-year sample of birth intervals of
chimpanzees from the Gombe National Park, Tanzania using Cox
proportional hazards regression with individual-level random
effects. 3. The birth hazard declined with mothers' age at a
rate of 0·84 per year following age at first reproduction.
This value is somewhat stronger than previous estimates. 4.
Loss of the infant that opened the birth interval increased
the birth hazard 134-fold. 5. Birth intervals following the
first complete birth interval were shorter than this first
interval, while sex of the previous infant had no
significant effect. 6. Maternal dominance rank was
significant at the P < 0·1 level when coded as
high/middle/low but was highly significant when we simply
considered high rank vs. others. 7. Individual heterogeneity
had a substantial impact on birth interval duration. We
interpret this individual effect as a measure of phenotypic
quality, controlling for the measured covariates such as
dominance rank. This interpretation is supported by the
correlation of individual heterogeneity scores with similar
independent measures of body mass.},
Language = {ENG},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01687.x},
Key = {fds241039}
}
@article{fds241038,
Author = {Strier, KB and Altmann, J and Brockman, DK and Bronikowski, AM and Cords, M and Fedigan, LM and Lapp, H and Liu, X and Morris, WF and Pusey,
AE and Stoinski, TS and Alberts, SC},
Title = {The Primate Life History Database: A unique shared
ecological data resource.},
Journal = {Methods in Ecology and Evolution},
Volume = {1},
Number = {2},
Pages = {199-211},
Year = {2010},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {2041-210X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000288914100013&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {The importance of data archiving, data sharing, and public
access to data has received considerable attention.
Awareness is growing among scientists that collaborative
databases can facilitate these activities.We provide a
detailed description of the collaborative life history
database developed by our Working Group at the National
Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent) to address questions
about life history patterns and the evolution of mortality
and demographic variability in wild primates.Examples from
each of the seven primate species included in our database
illustrate the range of data incorporated and the
challenges, decision-making processes, and criteria applied
to standardize data across diverse field studies. In
addition to the descriptive and structural metadata
associated with our database, we also describe the process
metadata (how the database was designed and delivered) and
the technical specifications of the database.Our database
provides a useful model for other researchers interested in
developing similar types of databases for other organisms,
while our process metadata may be helpful to other groups of
researchers interested in developing databases for other
types of collaborative analyses.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.2041-210x.2010.00023.x},
Key = {fds241038}
}
@article{fds241026,
Author = {Blinkova, O and Victoria, J and Li, Y and Keele, BF and Sanz, C and Ndjango, J-BN and Peeters, M and Travis, D and Lonsdorf, EV and Wilson,
ML and Pusey, AE and Hahn, BH and Delwart, EL},
Title = {Novel circular DNA viruses in stool samples of wild-living
chimpanzees.},
Journal = {The Journal of General Virology},
Volume = {91},
Number = {Pt 1},
Pages = {74-86},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0022-1317},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.015446-0},
Abstract = {Viral particles in stool samples from wild-living
chimpanzees were analysed using random PCR amplification and
sequencing. Sequences encoding proteins distantly related to
the replicase protein of single-stranded circular DNA
viruses were identified. Inverse PCR was used to amplify and
sequence multiple small circular DNA viral genomes. The
viral genomes were related in size and genome organization
to vertebrate circoviruses and plant geminiviruses but with
a different location for the stem-loop structure involved in
rolling circle DNA replication. The replicase genes of these
viruses were most closely related to those of the much
smaller (approximately 1 kb) plant nanovirus circular DNA
chromosomes. Because the viruses have characteristics of
both animal and plant viruses, we named them chimpanzee
stool-associated circular viruses (ChiSCV). Further
metagenomic studies of animal samples will greatly increase
our knowledge of viral diversity and evolution.},
Doi = {10.1099/vir.0.015446-0},
Key = {fds241026}
}
@article{fds241036,
Author = {Rudicell, RS and Jones, JH and Wroblewski, EE and Learn, GH and Li, Y and Robertson, JD and Greengrass, E and Grossmann, F and Kamenya, S and Pintea, L and Mjungu, DC and Lonsdorf, EV and Mosser, A and Lehman, C and Collins, DA and Keele, BF and Goodall, J and Hahn, BH and Pusey, AE and Wilson, ML},
Title = {Impact of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection on
Chimpanzee Population Dynamics.},
Journal = {PLoS Pathogens},
Volume = {10.1371/journal.ppat.1001116},
Number = {9},
Pages = {e1001116},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {1553-7366},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/4607 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Like human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), simian
immunodeficiency virus of chimpanzees (SIVcpz) can cause
CD4+ T cell loss and premature death. Here, we used
molecular surveillance tools and mathematical modeling to
estimate the impact of SIVcpz infection on chimpanzee
population dynamics. Habituated (Mitumba and Kasekela) and
non-habituated (Kalande) chimpanzees were studied in Gombe
National Park, Tanzania. Ape population sizes were
determined from demographic records (Mitumba and Kasekela)
or individual sightings and genotyping (Kalande), while
SIVcpz prevalence rates were monitored using non-invasive
methods. Between 2002–2009, the Mitumba and Kasekela
communities experienced mean annual growth rates of 1.9% and
2.4%, respectively, while Kalande chimpanzees suffered a
significant decline, with a mean growth rate of 26.5% to
27.4%, depending on population estimates. A rapid decline in
Kalande was first noted in the 1990s and originally
attributed to poaching and reduced food sources. However,
between 2002–2009, we found a mean SIVcpz prevalence in
Kalande of 46.1%, which was almost four times higher than
the prevalence in Mitumba (12.7%) and Kasekela (12.1%). To
explore whether SIVcpz contributed to the Kalande decline,
we used empirically determined SIVcpz transmission
probabilities as well as chimpanzee mortality, mating and
migration data to model the effect of viral pathogenicity on
chimpanzee population growth. Deterministic calculations
indicated that a prevalence of greater than 3.4% would
result in negative growth and eventual population
extinction, even using conservative mortality estimates.
However, stochastic models revealed that in representative
populations, SIVcpz, and not its host species, frequently
went extinct. High SIVcpz transmission probability and
excess mortality reduced population persistence, while
intercommunity migration often rescued infected communities,
even when immigrating females had a chance of being SIVcpz
infected. Together, these results suggest that the decline
of the Kalande community was caused, at least in part, by
high levels of SIVcpz infection. However, population
extinction is not an inevitable consequence of SIVcpz
infection, but depends on additional variables, such as
migration, that promote survival. These findings are
consistent with the uneven distribution of SIVcpz throughout
central Africa and explain how chimpanzees in Gombe and
elsewhere can be at equipoise with this pathogen.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.ppat.1001116},
Key = {fds241036}
}
@article{fds241024,
Author = {Murray, CM and Lonsdorf, EV and Eberly, LE and Pusey,
AE},
Title = {Reproductive energetics in free-living female chimpanzees
(Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology},
Volume = {20},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1211-1216},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2009},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1045-2249},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arp114},
Abstract = {Mammalian females generally carry the bulk of reproductive
costs. They gestate for relatively long periods of time and
provide the majority of parental care for dependent
offspring. For this reason, many studies have examined how
females deal with the energetic costs of reproduction. Here,
we examine the influence of reproductive state on activity
budgets, diet quality, and sociality in free-living female
chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) at Gombe National Park,
Tanzania. After controlling for dominance rank, we found
that pregnant and lactating females consumed higher quality
foods than nonpregnant, nonlactating females. However,
pregnant females also traveled less. This result did not
reflect differences in sociality, as the pregnant female
group sizes included in our analyses were comparable to
those in other reproductive categories.},
Doi = {10.1093/beheco/arp114},
Key = {fds241024}
}
@article{fds175213,
Author = {BF Keele and JH Jones and KA Terio and JD Estes and RS Rudicell and ML
Wilson, Y Li and GH Learn and TM Beasley and J Schumacher-Stankey and E
Wroblewski, A Mosser and J Raphael and S Kamenya and EV Lonsdorf and DA
Travis, T Mlengeya and MJ Kinsel and JG Else and G Silvestri and J
Goodall, PM Sharp and GM Shaw and AE Pusey and BH
Hahn},
Title = {Increased mortality and AIDS-like immunopathology in wild
chimpanzees infected with SIVcpz.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {460},
Number = {7254},
Pages = {515-9},
Year = {2009},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1476-4687},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature08200},
Keywords = {Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Africa Animals Animals,
Wild CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Female Humans Male Molecular
Sequence Data Pan troglodytes Prevalence Simian Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome Simian immunodeficiency virus
epidemiology immunology mortality* pathology pathology*
physiology* virology*},
Abstract = {African primates are naturally infected with over 40
different simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs), two of
which have crossed the species barrier and generated human
immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2).
Unlike the human viruses, however, SIVs do not generally
cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in their
natural hosts. Here we show that SIVcpz, the immediate
precursor of HIV-1, is pathogenic in free-ranging
chimpanzees. By following 94 members of two habituated
chimpanzee communities in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, for
over 9 years, we found a 10- to 16-fold higher age-corrected
death hazard for SIVcpz-infected (n = 17) compared to
uninfected (n = 77) chimpanzees. We also found that
SIVcpz-infected females were less likely to give birth and
had a higher infant mortality rate than uninfected females.
Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization of
post-mortem spleen and lymph node samples from three
infected and two uninfected chimpanzees revealed significant
CD4(+) T-cell depletion in all infected individuals, with
evidence of high viral replication and extensive follicular
dendritic cell virus trapping in one of them. One female,
who died within 3 years of acquiring SIVcpz, had
histopathological findings consistent with end-stage AIDS.
These results indicate that SIVcpz, like HIV-1, is
associated with progressive CD4(+) T-cell loss, lymphatic
tissue destruction and premature death. These findings
challenge the prevailing view that all natural SIV
infections are non-pathogenic and suggest that SIVcpz has a
substantial negative impact on the health, reproduction and
lifespan of chimpanzees in the wild.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1038/nature08200},
Key = {fds175213}
}
@article{fds241046,
Author = {Keele, BF and Jones, JH and Terio, KA and Estes, JD and Rudicell, RS and Wilson, ML and Li, Y and Learn, GH and Beasley, TM and Schumacher-Stankey, J and Wroblewski, E and Mosser, A and Raphael, J and Kamenya, S and Lonsdorf, EV and Travis, DA and Mlengeya, T and Kinsel,
MJ and Else, JG and Silvestri, G and Goodall, J and Sharp, PM and Shaw, GM and Pusey, AE and Hahn, BH},
Title = {Increased mortality and AIDS-like immunopathology in wild
chimpanzees infected with SIVcpz.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {460},
Number = {7254},
Pages = {515-519},
Year = {2009},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature08200},
Keywords = {Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Africa Animals Animals,
Wild CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Female Humans Male Molecular
Sequence Data Pan troglodytes Prevalence Simian Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome Simian immunodeficiency virus
epidemiology immunology mortality* pathology pathology*
physiology* virology*},
Abstract = {African primates are naturally infected with over 40
different simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs), two of
which have crossed the species barrier and generated human
immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2).
Unlike the human viruses, however, SIVs do not generally
cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in their
natural hosts. Here we show that SIVcpz, the immediate
precursor of HIV-1, is pathogenic in free-ranging
chimpanzees. By following 94 members of two habituated
chimpanzee communities in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, for
over 9 years, we found a 10- to 16-fold higher age-corrected
death hazard for SIVcpz-infected (n = 17) compared to
uninfected (n = 77) chimpanzees. We also found that
SIVcpz-infected females were less likely to give birth and
had a higher infant mortality rate than uninfected females.
Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization of
post-mortem spleen and lymph node samples from three
infected and two uninfected chimpanzees revealed significant
CD4(+) T-cell depletion in all infected individuals, with
evidence of high viral replication and extensive follicular
dendritic cell virus trapping in one of them. One female,
who died within 3 years of acquiring SIVcpz, had
histopathological findings consistent with end-stage AIDS.
These results indicate that SIVcpz, like HIV-1, is
associated with progressive CD4(+) T-cell loss, lymphatic
tissue destruction and premature death. These findings
challenge the prevailing view that all natural SIV
infections are non-pathogenic and suggest that SIVcpz has a
substantial negative impact on the health, reproduction and
lifespan of chimpanzees in the wild.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1038/nature08200},
Key = {fds241046}
}
@article{fds241025,
Author = {Foster, MW and Gilby, IC and Murray, CM and Johnson, A and Wroblewski,
EE and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Alpha male chimpanzee grooming patterns: implications for
dominance "style".},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {71},
Number = {2},
Pages = {136-144},
Year = {2009},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20632},
Abstract = {In social primates, individuals use various tactics to
compete for dominance rank. Grooming, displays and contact
aggression are common components of a male chimpanzee's
dominance repertoire. The optimal combination of these
behaviors is likely to differ among males with individuals
exhibiting a dominance "style" that reflects their tendency
to use cooperative and/or agonistic dominance tactics. Here,
we examine the grooming behavior of three alpha male
chimpanzees at Gombe National Park, Tanzania. We found that
(1) these males differed significantly in their tendency to
groom with other males; (2) each male's grooming patterns
remained consistent before, during and after his tenure as
alpha, and (3) the three males tended to groom with high-
middle- and low-ranking partners equally. We suggest that
body mass may be one possible determinant of differences in
grooming behavior. The largest male exhibited the lowest
overall grooming rates, whereas the smallest male spent the
most time grooming others. This is probably because large
males are more effective at physically intimidating
subordinates. To achieve alpha status, a small male may need
to compensate for reduced size by investing more time and
energy in grooming, thereby ensuring coalitionary support
from others. Rates of contact aggression and charging
displays conformed to this prediction, suggesting that each
male exhibited a different dominance "style."},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.20632},
Key = {fds241025}
}
@article{fds241040,
Author = {Wroblewski, EE and Murray, CM and Keele, BF and Schumacher-Stankey,
JC and Hahn, BH and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Male dominance rank and reproductive success in chimpanzees,
Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii.},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {77},
Number = {4},
Pages = {873-885},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.12.014},
Abstract = {Competition for fertile females determines male reproductive
success in many species. The priority of access model
predicts that male dominance rank determines access to
females, but this model has been difficult to test in wild
populations, particularly in promiscuous mating systems.
Tests of the model have produced variable results, probably
because of the differing socioecological circumstances of
individual species and populations. We tested the
predictions of the priority of access model in the
chimpanzees of Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Chimpanzees
are an interesting species in which to test the model
because of their fission-fusion grouping patterns,
promiscuous mating system and alternative male mating
strategies. We determined paternity for 34 offspring over a
22-year period and found that the priority of access model
was generally predictive of male reproductive success.
However, we found that younger males had higher success per
male than older males, and low-ranking males sired more
offspring than predicted. Low-ranking males sired offspring
with younger, less desirable females and by engaging in
consortships more often than high-ranking fathers. Although
alpha males never sired offspring with related females,
inbreeding avoidance of high-ranking male relatives did not
completely explain the success of low-ranking males. While
our work confirms that male rank typically predicts male
chimpanzee reproductive success, other factors are also
important; mate choice and alternative male strategies can
give low-ranking males access to females more often than
would be predicted by the model. Furthermore, the success of
younger males suggests that they are more successful in
sperm competition.},
Language = {ENG},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.12.014},
Key = {fds241040}
}
@article{fds324360,
Author = {Lonsdorf, E and Travis, DA and Rudicell, RS and Gillespie, TR and Salzer, J and O'Donnell, C and Lantz, E and Nadler, Y and Raphael, JM and Hahn, B and Pusey, AE},
Title = {OBSERVATIONAL HEALTH ASSESSMENTS OF THE GOMBE CHIMPANZEES:
CORRELATING CLINICAL SIGNS WITH DIAGNOSED
INFECTIONS},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {71},
Pages = {69-69},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds324360}
}
@article{fds241022,
Author = {Emery Thompson and M and Wilson, ML and Gobbo, G and Muller, MN and Pusey,
AE},
Title = {Hyperprogesteronemia in response to Vitex fischeri
consumption in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes
schweinfurthii).},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {70},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1064-1071},
Year = {2008},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20600},
Abstract = {Chimpanzees in Gombe National Park consume fruits of Vitex
fischeri during a short annual fruiting season. This fruit
species is a member of a genus widely studied for
phytoestrogen composition and varied physiological effects.
One particularly well-studied species, V. agnus-castus, is
noted for its documented effects on female reproductive
function, evidenced in increased progesterone levels and
consequent regulation of luteal function. We examined
reproductive hormone levels in both male and female
chimpanzees during a 6-week period of intense V. fischeri
consumption. V. fischeri consumption was associated with an
abrupt and dramatic increase in urinary progesterone levels
of female chimpanzees to levels far exceeding the normal
range of variation. Female estrogen levels were not
significantly impacted, nor were male testosterone levels.
These are some of the first data indicating that
phytochemicals in the natural diet of a primate can have
significant impacts on the endocrine system, though the
fluctuating nature of chimpanzee diet and reproductive
function does not allow us to determine whether the effects
observed during this short period had a broader positive or
negative impact on female fertility. Given the widespread
use of various Vitex species by African primates and the
as-yet-undescribed phytochemical properties of these
species, we predict that our observations may be indicative
of a broader phenomenon.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.20600},
Key = {fds241022}
}
@article{fds241021,
Author = {Emery Thompson and M and Stumpf, RM and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Female reproductive strategies and competition in apes: An
introduction},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {29},
Number = {4},
Pages = {815-821},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2008},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-008-9273-6},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-008-9273-6},
Key = {fds241021}
}
@article{fds241023,
Author = {Pusey, AE and Wilson, ML and Anthony Collins and D},
Title = {Human impacts, disease risk, and population dynamics in the
chimpanzees of Gombe National Park, Tanzania.},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {70},
Number = {8},
Pages = {738-744},
Year = {2008},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {1098-2345},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20567},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.20567},
Key = {fds241023}
}
@article{fds241041,
Author = {Williams, JM and Lonsdorf, EV and Wilson, ML and Schumacher-Stankey,
J and Goodall, J and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Causes of death in the Kasekela chimpanzees of Gombe
National Park, Tanzania.},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {70},
Number = {8},
Pages = {766-777},
Year = {2008},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {1098-2345},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20573},
Keywords = {Age Distribution Aggression Animals Ape Diseases Cause of
Death* Communicable Diseases Conservation of Natural
Resources Female Male Pan troglodytes* Sex Characteristics
Tanzania mortality mortality* veterinary},
Abstract = {Understanding the rates and causes of mortality in wild
chimpanzee populations has important implications for a
variety of fields, including wildlife conservation and human
evolution. Because chimpanzees are long-lived, accurate
mortality data requires very long-term studies. Here, we
analyze 47 years of data on the Kasekela community in Gombe
National Park. Community size fluctuated between 38 and 60,
containing 60 individuals in 2006. From records on 220
chimpanzees and 130 deaths, we found that the most important
cause of mortality in the Kasekela community was illness
(58% of deaths with known cause), followed by intraspecific
aggression (20% of deaths with known cause). Previous
studies at other sites also found that illness was the
primary cause of mortality and that some epidemic disease
could be traced to humans. As at other study sites, most
deaths due to illness occurred during epidemics, and the
most common category of disease was respiratory.
Intraspecific lethal aggression occurred within the
community, including the killing of infants by both males
and females, and among adult males during the course of
dominance-related aggression. Aggression between communities
resulted in the deaths of at least five adult males and two
adult females in the Kasekela and Kahama communities. The
frequency of intercommunity violence appears to vary
considerably among sites and over time. Intercommunity
lethal aggression involving the Kasekela community was
observed most frequently during two periods. Other less
common causes of death included injury, loss of mother,
maternal disability, and poaching.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.20573},
Key = {fds241041}
}
@article{fds241042,
Author = {Pusey, A and Murray, C and Wallauer, W and Wilson, M and Wroblewski, E and Goodall, J},
Title = {Severe aggression among female Pan troglodytes
schweinfurthii at Gombe National Park, Tanzania},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {29},
Number = {4},
Pages = {949-973},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2008},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-008-9281-6},
Abstract = {Aggression is generally more severe between males than
between females because males gain greater payoffs from
escalated aggression. Males that successfully defeat rivals
may greatly increase their access to fertile females.
Because female reproductive success depends on long-term
access to resources, competition between females is often
sustained but low key because no single interaction leads to
a high payoff. Nonetheless, escalated aggression can
sometimes immediately improve a female's reproductive
success. Resisting new immigrants can reduce feeding
competition, and infanticide of other females' young can
increase a female's access to resources. East African
chimpanzees live in fission-fusion communities in which
females occupy overlapping core areas. Growing evidence
indicates that reproductive success correlates with core
area quality, and that females compete for long-term access
to core areas. Here we document 5 new cases of severe female
aggression in the context of such competition: 2 attacks by
resident females on an immigrant female, a probable
intracommunity infanticide, and 2 attacks on a female and
her successive newborn infants by females whose core areas
overlapped hers. The cases provide further evidence that
females are occasionally as aggressive as males. Factors
influencing the likelihood and severity of such attacks
include rank and size differences and the presence of
dependable allies. Counterstrategies to the threat of female
aggression include withdrawing from others around the time
of parturition and seeking male protection. We also discuss
an unusual case of a female taking the newborn infant of
another, possibly to protect it from a potentially
infanticidal female. © 2008 Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-008-9281-6},
Key = {fds241042}
}
@article{fds241020,
Author = {Liu, W and Worobey, M and Li, Y and Keele, BF and Bibollet-Ruche, F and Guo, Y and Goepfert, PA and Santiago, ML and Ndjango, J-BN and Neel, C and Clifford, SL and Sanz, C and Kamenya, S and Wilson, ML and Pusey, AE and Gross-Camp, N and Boesch, C and Smith, V and Zamma, K and Huffman, MA and Mitani, JC and Watts, DP and Peeters, M and Shaw, GM and Switzer, WM and Sharp, PM and Hahn, BH},
Title = {Molecular ecology and natural history of simian foamy virus
infection in wild-living chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Plos Pathogens},
Volume = {4},
Number = {7},
Pages = {e1000097},
Year = {2008},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1553-7366},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000097},
Abstract = {Identifying microbial pathogens with zoonotic potential in
wild-living primates can be important to human health, as
evidenced by human immunodeficiency viruses types 1 and 2
(HIV-1 and HIV-2) and Ebola virus. Simian foamy viruses
(SFVs) are ancient retroviruses that infect Old and New
World monkeys and apes. Although not known to cause disease,
these viruses are of public health interest because they
have the potential to infect humans and thus provide a more
general indication of zoonotic exposure risks. Surprisingly,
no information exists concerning the prevalence, geographic
distribution, and genetic diversity of SFVs in wild-living
monkeys and apes. Here, we report the first comprehensive
survey of SFVcpz infection in free-ranging chimpanzees (Pan
troglodytes) using newly developed, fecal-based assays.
Chimpanzee fecal samples (n = 724) were collected at 25
field sites throughout equatorial Africa and tested for
SFVcpz-specific antibodies (n = 706) or viral nucleic acids
(n = 392). SFVcpz infection was documented at all field
sites, with prevalence rates ranging from 44% to 100%. In
two habituated communities, adult chimpanzees had
significantly higher SFVcpz infection rates than infants and
juveniles, indicating predominantly horizontal rather than
vertical transmission routes. Some chimpanzees were
co-infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVcpz);
however, there was no evidence that SFVcpz and SIVcpz were
epidemiologically linked. SFVcpz nucleic acids were
recovered from 177 fecal samples, all of which contained
SFVcpz RNA and not DNA. Phylogenetic analysis of partial gag
(616 bp), pol-RT (717 bp), and pol-IN (425 bp) sequences
identified a diverse group of viruses, which could be
subdivided into four distinct SFVcpz lineages according to
their chimpanzee subspecies of origin. Within these
lineages, there was evidence of frequent superinfection and
viral recombination. One chimpanzee was infected by a foamy
virus from a Cercopithecus monkey species, indicating
cross-species transmission of SFVs in the wild. These data
indicate that SFVcpz (i) is widely distributed among all
chimpanzee subspecies; (ii) is shed in fecal samples as
viral RNA; (iii) is transmitted predominantly by horizontal
routes; (iv) is prone to superinfection and recombination;
(v) has co-evolved with its natural host; and (vi)
represents a sensitive marker of population structure that
may be useful for chimpanzee taxonomy and conservation
strategies.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.ppat.1000097},
Key = {fds241020}
}
@article{fds241019,
Author = {Murray, CM and Gilby, IC and Mane, SV and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Adult male chimpanzees inherit maternal ranging
patterns.},
Journal = {Current Biology : Cb},
Volume = {18},
Number = {1},
Pages = {20-24},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0960-9822},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.11.044},
Abstract = {Space use often correlates with reproductive success [1, 2].
Individual site fidelity is ubiquitous across a variety of
taxa, including birds, mammals, insects, and reptiles [3-9].
Individuals can benefit from using the same area because
doing so affords access to known resources, including food
and/or breeding sites. The majority of studies on site
fidelity have focused upon strictly territorial species in
which individuals range in well-defined, exclusive areas
(e.g., [4, 9]). By comparison, the transient groups that
define fission-fusion species allow for considerable
flexibility in individual space use. Although there is
evidence that individual space use can influence
reproductive success [2], relatively little is known about
individual ranging patterns in fission-fusion species. Here,
we investigate three potential correlates of male site
fidelity (age, habitat quality, and maternal space use) in
wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). We found that when
alone, each male preferentially concentrated his space use
near the area where his mother ranged when he was dependent.
We suggest that solitary ranging allows males to avoid
direct competition with conspecifics and that foraging in
familiar areas maximizes foraging efficiency. These results
highlight the importance of male foraging strategies in a
species in which male ranging is typically explained in
terms of mating access to females.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2007.11.044},
Key = {fds241019}
}
@article{fds241043,
Author = {Murray, CM and Mane, SV and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Dominance rank influences female space use in wild
chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes: towards an ideal despotic
distribution},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {74},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1795-1804},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.03.024},
Abstract = {Studies from many different taxa have demonstrated that
dominance rank greatly influences individual space use.
While the importance of dominance among female chimpanzees,
Pan troglodytes, was debated in the past, mounting evidence
now shows that rank is very important. In particular, rank
has been shown to influence body mass, foraging strategies,
association patterns, and ultimately, reproductive success.
In this study, we investigated how rank influenced female
space use among chimpanzees, P.t. schweinfurthii, at Gombe
National Park, Tanzania. Analysing 10 years of data, we
found that new immigrants used areas away from dominant
females, and that subordinates had lower site fidelity. We
also found that high-ranking females had smaller core areas
and that this size difference was pronounced during periods
of food scarcity when food competition is highest. These
patterns suggest that dominant females outcompete
subordinates, forcing them to settle elsewhere, range more
widely, and shift their space use across time. ©
2007.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.03.024},
Key = {fds241043}
}
@article{fds241044,
Author = {Emery Thompson and M and Jones, JH and Pusey, AE and Brewer-Marsden, S and Goodall, J and Marsden, D and Matsuzawa, T and Nishida, T and Reynolds,
V and Sugiyama, Y and Wrangham, RW},
Title = {Aging and fertility patterns in wild chimpanzees provide
insights into the evolution of menopause.},
Journal = {Current Biology : Cb},
Volume = {17},
Number = {24},
Pages = {2150-2156},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0960-9822},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.11.033},
Keywords = {Aging Animals Animals, Wild Birth Rate Evolution* Female
Fertility Humans Menopause* Pan troglodytes
physiology*},
Abstract = {Human menopause is remarkable in that reproductive
senescence is markedly accelerated relative to somatic
aging, leaving an extended postreproductive period for a
large proportion of women. Functional explanations for this
are debated, in part because comparative data from closely
related species are inadequate. Existing studies of
chimpanzees are based on very small samples and have not
provided clear conclusions about the reproductive function
of aging females. These studies have not examined whether
reproductive senescence in chimpanzees exceeds the pace of
general aging, as in humans, or occurs in parallel with
declines in overall health, as in many other animals. In
order to remedy these problems, we examined fertility and
mortality patterns in six free-living chimpanzee
populations. Chimpanzee and human birth rates show similar
patterns of decline beginning in the fourth decade,
suggesting that the physiology of reproductive senescence
was relatively conserved in human evolution. However, in
contrast to humans, chimpanzee fertility declines are
consistent with declines in survivorship, and healthy
females maintain high birth rates late into life. Thus, in
contrast to recent claims, we find no evidence that
menopause is a typical characteristic of chimpanzee life
histories.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2007.11.033},
Key = {fds241044}
}
@article{fds241018,
Author = {Takehisa, J and Kraus, MH and Decker, JM and Li, Y and Keele, BF and Bibollet-Ruche, F and Zammit, KP and Weng, Z and Santiago, ML and Kamenya, S and Wilson, ML and Pusey, AE and Bailes, E and Sharp, PM and Shaw, GM and Hahn, BH},
Title = {Generation of infectious molecular clones of simian
immunodeficiency virus from fecal consensus sequences of
wild chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Journal of Virology},
Volume = {81},
Number = {14},
Pages = {7463-7475},
Year = {2007},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0022-538X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00551-07},
Abstract = {Studies of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) in their
endangered primate hosts are of obvious medical and public
health importance, but technically challenging. Although
SIV-specific antibodies and nucleic acids have been detected
in primate fecal samples, recovery of replication-competent
virus from such samples has not been achieved. Here, we
report the construction of infectious molecular clones of
SIVcpz from fecal viral consensus sequences. Subgenomic
fragments comprising a complete provirus were amplified from
fecal RNA of three wild-living chimpanzees and sequenced
directly. One set of amplicons was concatenated using
overlap extension PCR. The resulting clone (TAN1.24)
contained intact genes and regulatory regions but was
replication defective. It also differed from the fecal
consensus sequence by 76 nucleotides. Stepwise elimination
of all missense mutations generated several constructs with
restored replication potential. The clone that yielded the
most infectious virus (TAN1.910) was identical to the
consensus sequence in both protein and long terminal repeat
sequences. Two additional SIVcpz clones were constructed by
direct synthesis of fecal consensus sequences. One of these
(TAN3.1) yielded fully infectious virus, while the second
one (TAN2.69) required modification at one ambiguous site in
the viral pol gene for biological activity. All three
reconstructed proviruses produced infectious virions that
replicated in human and chimpanzee CD4(+) T cells, were CCR5
tropic, and resembled primary human immunodeficiency virus
type 1 isolates in their neutralization phenotype. These
results provide the first direct evidence that naturally
occurring SIVcpz strains already have many of the biological
properties required for persistent infection of humans,
including CD4 and CCR5 dependence and neutralization
resistance. Moreover, they outline a new strategy for
obtaining medically important "SIV isolates" that have thus
far eluded investigation. Such isolates are needed to
identify viral determinants that contribute to cross-species
transmission and host adaptation.},
Doi = {10.1128/jvi.00551-07},
Key = {fds241018}
}
@article{fds241045,
Author = {Pusey, AE and Pintea, L and Wilson, ML and Kamenya, S and Goodall,
J},
Title = {The contribution of long-term research at Gombe National
Park to chimpanzee conservation.},
Journal = {Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for
Conservation Biology},
Volume = {21},
Number = {3},
Pages = {623-634},
Year = {2007},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0888-8892},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00704.x},
Keywords = {Aggression Animals Behavior, Animal Conservation of Natural
Resources* Ecosystem Female Humans Male Pan troglodytes*
Respiratory Tract Diseases Tanzania epidemiology prevention
& control veterinary},
Abstract = {Long-term research projects can provide important
conservation benefits, not only through research
specifically focused on conservation problems, but also from
various incidental benefits, such as increased intensity of
monitoring and building support for the protection of an
area. At Gombe National Park, Tanzania, long-term research
has provided at least four distinct benefits to wildlife
conservation. (1) Jane Goodall's groundbreaking discoveries
of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) tool use, hunting, and
complex social relationships in what was then a game reserve
drew attention to the area and created support for upgrading
Gombe to national park status in 1968. (2) The highly
publicized findings have earned Gombe and Tanzania the
attention of a worldwide public that includes tourists and
donors that provide financial support for Gombe, other parks
in Tanzania, and chimpanzee conservation in general. (3)
Crucial information on social structure and habitat use has
been gathered that is essential for effective conservation
of chimpanzees at Gombe and elsewhere. (4) A clear picture
of Gombe's chimpanzee population over the past 40 years has
been determined, and this has helped identify the greatest
threats to the viability of this population, namely disease
and habitat loss outside the park. These threats are severe
and because of the small size of the population it is
extremely vulnerable. Research at Gombe has led to the
establishment of conservation education and development
projects around Gombe, which are needed to build local
support for the park and its chimpanzees, but saving these
famous chimpanzees will take a larger integrated effort on
the part of park managers, researchers, and the local
community with financial help from international
donors.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00704.x},
Key = {fds241045}
}
@article{fds241017,
Author = {Murray, CM and Wroblewski, E and Pusey, AE},
Title = {New case of intragroup infanticide in the chimpanzees of
Gombe National Park},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {28},
Number = {1},
Pages = {23-37},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2007},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-006-9111-7},
Abstract = {Researchers have reported a total of 31 infanticides in 4
different chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) populations. Though
infanticide is infrequent, low reproductive rates of females
likely make it a strong selective pressure in the species.
We report a new incident of intragroup infanticide in Gombe
National Park, Tanzania, in which a community male attacked
a 3.5-yr-old male. We then consider the infanticide in terms
of adaptive and nonadaptive explanations for infanticide
including the social pathology, by-product of male
aggression, nutritive benefits, resource competition, and
sexual selection hypotheses. The incident reported here is
not well explained by any of them. While the infanticide is
puzzling in terms of ultimate explanations for infanticide,
it provides a good context in which to consider proximate
mechanisms for offspring recognition. The incident provides
some evidence that males may use their mating history with
the mother to assess paternity likelihood. © 2007 Springer
Science+Business Media, LLC.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-006-9111-7},
Key = {fds241017}
}
@article{fds241048,
Author = {Murray, CM and Eberly, LE and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Foraging strategies as a function of season and rank among
wild female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology},
Volume = {17},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1020-1028},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2006},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1045-2249},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arl042},
Abstract = {Among mammals, female reproduction is generally thought to
be food limited, and dominance should theoretically afford
high-ranking females with access to better food resources.
Although the importance of dominance rank among female
chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) has been debated in the past,
mounting evidence suggests that rank is very important among
females (P. t. schweinfurthii) at Gombe National Park,
Tanzania. In this study, we investigated the influence of
season and dominance rank on female foraging strategies. We
found that high-ranking females spent less time foraging and
tended to have a narrower diet breadth and higher diet
quality than subordinate females. In this way, subordinate
female foraging strategies were consistent with how females
in general adapted to periods of food scarcity. The results
of this study therefore suggest that low-ranking females may
face persistent "food scarcity" as a result of interference
food competition. We also provide evidence that subordinates
may forage less efficiently because they occupy lower
quality habitats or avoid associating with dominant females
in shared areas. © The Author 2006. Published by Oxford
University Press on behalf of the International Society for
Behavioral Ecology. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1093/beheco/arl042},
Key = {fds241048}
}
@article{fds241016,
Author = {Lonsdorf, EV and Travis, D and Pusey, AE and Goodall,
J},
Title = {Using retrospective health data from the Gombe chimpanzee
study to inform future monitoring efforts.},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {68},
Number = {9},
Pages = {897-908},
Year = {2006},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20296},
Abstract = {Disease outbreaks, either in isolation or in concert with
other risk factors, can pose serious threats to the
long-term persistence of mammal populations, and these risks
become elevated as population size decreases and/or
population isolation increases. Many chimpanzee study sites
are increasingly isolated by loss of habitat due to human
encroachment, and managers of parks that contain chimpanzees
perceive that disease outbreaks have been and continue to be
significant causes of mortality for chimpanzees. Major
epidemics at Gombe National Park include suspected polio in
1966; respiratory diseases in 1968, 1987, 1996, 2000, and
2002; and sarcoptic mange in 1997. These outbreaks have led
park managers and researchers working in Gombe to conclude
that disease poses a substantial risk to the long-term
survival of Gombe's chimpanzee population. We surveyed
behavioral data records spanning 44 years for health-related
data and found a combination of standardized and
nonstandardized data for the entire period. Here we present
the types of data found during the survey, discuss the
usefulness of these data in the context of risk assessment,
and describe how our current monitoring effort at Gombe was
designed based on our findings.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.20296},
Key = {fds241016}
}
@article{fds241047,
Author = {Gilby, IC and Eberly, LE and Pintea, L and Pusey,
AE},
Title = {Ecological and social influences on the hunting behaviour of
wild chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {72},
Number = {1},
Pages = {169-180},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2006},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.01.013},
Abstract = {There has been considerable discussion of the factors that
influence the hunting behaviour of male chimpanzees.
Explanations invoking social benefits hinge upon the
potential for males to share meat with sexually receptive
females in exchange for mating ('meat for sex'), or to share
meat with other males in exchange for social support ('male
social bonding'). Ecological factors may also affect
hunting: chimpanzees may hunt more frequently (1) in
response to food shortages ('nutrient shortfall'); (2) when
energy reserves are high ('nutrient surplus'); (3) in
habitat types with good visibility and increased prey
vulnerability; and/or (4) when ecological factors favour
cooperative hunting. We used 25 years of data on chimpanzees
in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, to examine the relative
importance of social and ecological factors in the decision
to hunt red colobus monkeys, Colobus badius. The presence of
sexually receptive females was associated with a significant
decrease in hunting probability, suggesting that males face
a trade-off between hunting and mating ('meat or sex' rather
than 'meat for sex'). Hunting by specific males did not vary
with adult male party size, providing evidence against the
male social-bonding hypothesis. After controlling for the
effects of party size, diet quality was not associated with
the probability of hunting or hunting successfully. Hunts
were more likely to occur and to succeed in woodland and
semideciduous forest than in evergreen forest, emphasizing
the importance of visibility and prey mobility. Finally, per
capita meat availability decreased with adult male party
size, suggesting that hunting was not cooperative. These
results provide evidence against social explanations for
hunting in favour of more simple ecological alternatives. ©
2006 The Association for the Study of Animal
Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.01.013},
Key = {fds241047}
}
@article{fds241049,
Author = {Pusey, AE and Oehlert, GW and Williams, JM and Goodall,
J},
Title = {Influence of ecological and social factors on body mass of
wild chimpanzees},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {26},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3-31},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2005},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-005-0721-2},
Abstract = {The chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) of Gombe
National Park, Tanzania, were weighed regularly over a
period of 33 yr, resulting in 1286 measurements on 31 males
and 26 females aged 2-43 yr. Female growth slowed at 10 yr
and that of males at 13 yr. Median adult body mass is 39 kg
for males and 31.3 kg for females. Body mass varied between
years. Chimpanzees were heaviest during a period of frequent
banana provisioning. They were also heavier when community
range size was large and population density within the range
was low. Chimpanzees were heavier in the wet than in the dry
season and body mass tracked rainfall in the preceding mo
except for May in which mass was anomalously low. Dominance
rank is significantly correlated with body mass for females
but not males. High-ranking individuals tended to maintain
more stable mass. Variability in body mass was greater for
young and old individuals than for prime adults. © 2005
Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-005-0721-2},
Key = {fds241049}
}
@article{fds241015,
Author = {Mane, S and Murray, C and Shekhar, S and Srivastava, J and Pusey,
A},
Title = {Spatial clustering of chimpanzee locations for neighborhood
identification},
Journal = {Proceedings Ieee International Conference on Data Mining,
Icdm},
Pages = {4-8},
Publisher = {IEEE},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1550-4786},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICDM.2005.133},
Abstract = {Since 1960, the chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) of Gombe
National Park, Tanzania, have been studied by behavioral
ecologists, including Jane Goodall. Data have been collected
for more than 40 years and are being analyzed by researchers
in order to increase our understanding of the social
structure of chimpanzees. In this paper, we consider the
following question of interest to behavioral ecologists
-"Does clustering exist among female chimpanzees in terms of
their spatial locations ?" The analysis of this question
will help behavioral ecologists to learn about the space use
and the social interactions between female chimpanzees. The
data collected for this analysis are marked spatial point
patterns over the park. Current spatial clustering methods
lack the ability to handle such marked point patterns
directly. This paper presents a novel application of spatial
point pattern analysis and data mining techniques to the
ecological problem of clustering female chimpanzees. We
found that Ripley's K-function provides a powerful
statistical tool for evaluating clustering behavior among
spatial point patterns. We then proposed two clustering
approaches for marked point patterns using the K-function.
Experimental results using the proposed clustering methods
provide significant insight into the dynamics of female
chimpanzee space use and into the overall social stucture of
the species. In addition, the proposed methods can be
extended to also include temporal information. © 2005
IEEE.},
Doi = {10.1109/ICDM.2005.133},
Key = {fds241015}
}
@misc{fds240923,
Author = {Pusey, A},
Title = {Inbreeding avoidance in primates},
Pages = {61-75},
Booktitle = {Incest, Inbreeding and the Incest Taboo},
Publisher = {Stanford Uniersity Press},
Editor = {Wolf, AP and Durham, WH},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds240923}
}
@article{fds241013,
Author = {Lodwick, JL and Borries, C and Pusey, AE and Goodall, J and McGrew,
WC},
Title = {From nest to nest--influence of ecology and reproduction on
the active period of adult Gombe chimpanzees.},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {64},
Number = {3},
Pages = {249-260},
Year = {2004},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20076},
Abstract = {The time spent between sleeping periods, which is called the
active period, has to accommodate all essential activities,
including feeding, resting, social behavior, and
reproduction. To minimize costs in terms of, e.g., predation
risk, suboptimal foraging, or sleep deficiency, the active
period of diurnal animals should be less than or equal to
the daylight period. Thus, the active period of an animal
should be shaped by local environmental conditions as well
as by metabolic and reproductive demands. Chimpanzees, which
exhibit reduced predator pressure and a flexible
fission-fusion society, were chosen as a model to explore
these links. We investigated the influence of sex, female
reproductive status, dominance rank, and season on the
duration of the active period of adult chimpanzees at Gombe
National Park, Tanzania (1975-1992). Sexually nonreceptive
females had shorter active periods compared to males, while
receptive females had even longer active periods than males.
Dominance rank did not influence the duration of the active
period of nonreceptive females, but high- and middle-ranking
males had shorter active periods compared to low-ranking
males. Nonreceptive females exhibited longer active periods
during the dry season than in the wet season. No seasonal
effect was discovered for males, perhaps because they
already had long active periods in the wet season.
Nonreceptive females seem to be able to accommodate all
essential activities in the daylight period available,
probably because they live less socially than males. Thus,
the active period does not reflect differences in female
competitive abilities, but does reflect such differences in
males. The duration of the active period appears to be a
simple, reliable tool for exploring basic responses and
constraints in animal societies.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.20076},
Key = {fds241013}
}
@article{fds241014,
Author = {Williams, JM and Oehlert, GW and Carlis, JV and Pusey,
AE},
Title = {Why do male chimpanzees defend a group range?},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {68},
Number = {3},
Pages = {523-532},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2004},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.09.015},
Abstract = {Male chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, cooperate to defend a
community range within which resident females range in
smaller core areas. There has been debate over exactly what
males are defending, whether mates, territory or both. One
hypothesis holds that males are defending mates, and that an
increase in community range size will lead directly to the
acquisition of more females. However, males frequently
attack females as well as males at the edge of the community
range. We examined 18 years of observational data on the
Gombe chimpanzees to determine the behaviour of males during
extragroup encounters, and the consequences of changes in
community range size on the number of adult females and
indirect measures of food availability. Males were always
aggressive to males from other communities, and often
attacked adult females, especially those that were not
sexually receptive, were older, and/or had more than one
offspring. The number of females did not increase with range
size, but several measures suggested an increase in food
availability with range size. These measures include more
time spent in large foraging parties, higher encounter rates
with resident females, more encounters with sexually
receptive females and higher female reproductive rates.
These findings suggest that males defend a feeding territory
for their resident females and protect them from sexual
harassment. Although a large range may eventually attract
more females, this is not an immediate consequence of range
expansion. Male number was not correlated with community
range size. © 2004 The Association for the Study of Animal
Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.09.015},
Key = {fds241014}
}
@article{fds241012,
Author = {Wilson, ML and Wallauer, WR and Pusey, AE},
Title = {New cases of intergroup violence among chimpanzees in Gombe
National Park, Tanzania},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {25},
Number = {3},
Pages = {523-549},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2004},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:IJOP.0000023574.38219.92},
Abstract = {Despite considerable attention to chimpanzee intergroup
violence, the number of observed cases remains small. We
report 4 cases of intergroup violence that occurred in Gombe
National Park, Tanzania, between 1993 and 2002. We observed
(3 cases) or inferred (1 case) males from the Kasekela
community to attack members of their 2 neighboring
communities: Mitumba and Kalande. In 1993, Kasekela males
killed and ate a female infant from Mitumba. In 1998,
Kasekela males captured 2 infants (sex unknown) from
Kalande, one of which escaped and the other was killed and
eaten. Also in 1998, Kasekela males attacked an adolescent
male from Kalande. The victim was alive but severely injured
by the end of the attack. The intensity and duration of the
attack are comparable to other attacks that resulted in
fatal injuries. In 2002, observers found the body of an
adolescent male from Mitumba following an incursion by
Kasekela males into the area. The injuries inflicted on the
Mitumba male together with circumstantial evidence suggest
that Kasekela males killed him. The attacks support the view
that intergroup violence is a persistent feature of
chimpanzee societies and that the primary benefit attackers
gain from them is reduced competition for
resources.},
Doi = {10.1023/B:IJOP.0000023574.38219.92},
Key = {fds241012}
}
@article{fds241010,
Author = {Lonsdorf, EV and Eberly, LE and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Erratum: Sex differences in learning in chimpanzees (Nature
(2004) 428 (715-716))},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {429},
Number = {6988},
Pages = {154},
Year = {2004},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/429154b},
Doi = {10.1038/429154b},
Key = {fds241010}
}
@article{fds241011,
Author = {Lonsdorf, EV and Eberly, LE and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Sex differences in learning in chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {428},
Number = {6984},
Pages = {715-716},
Year = {2004},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/428715a},
Abstract = {The wild chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, fish
for termites with flexible tools that they make out of
vegetation, inserting them into the termite mound and then
extracting and eating the termites that cling to the tool.
Tools may be used in different ways by different chimpanzee
communities according to the local chimpanzee culture. Here
we describe the results of a four-year longitudinal field
study in which we investigated how this cultural behaviour
is learned by the community's offspring. We find that there
are distinct sex-based differences, akin to those found in
human children, in the way in which young chimpanzees
develop their termite-fishing skills.},
Doi = {10.1038/428715a},
Key = {fds241011}
}
@misc{fds240924,
Author = {Pusey, A},
Title = {Social Systems},
Pages = {315-341},
Booktitle = {Principles of Animal Behaviour},
Publisher = {Blackwell},
Editor = {Giraldeau, JL and Bolhuis},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds240924}
}
@article{fds241009,
Author = {Santiago, ML and Lukasik, M and Kamenya, S and Li, Y and Bibollet-Ruche,
F and Bailes, E and Muller, MN and Emery, M and Goldenberg, DA and Lwanga,
JS and Ayouba, A and Nerrienet, E and McClure, HM and Heeney, JL and Watts,
DP and Pusey, AE and Collins, DA and Wrangham, RW and Goodall, J and Brookfield, JFY and Sharp, PM and Shaw, GM and Hahn,
BH},
Title = {Foci of endemic simian immunodeficiency virus infection in
wild-living eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes
schweinfurthii).},
Journal = {Journal of Virology},
Volume = {77},
Number = {13},
Pages = {7545-7562},
Year = {2003},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.13.7545-7562.2003},
Abstract = {Simian immunodeficiency virus of chimpanzees (SIVcpz) is the
immediate precursor to human immunodeficiency virus type 1
(HIV-1), yet remarkably, the distribution and prevalence of
SIVcpz in wild ape populations are unknown. Studies of
SIVcpz infection rates in wild chimpanzees are complicated
by the species' endangered status and by its geographic
location in remote areas of sub-Saharan Africa. We have
developed sensitive and specific urine and fecal tests for
SIVcpz antibody and virion RNA (vRNA) detection and describe
herein the first comprehensive prevalence study of SIVcpz
infection in five wild Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii
communities in east Africa. In Kibale National Park in
Uganda, 31 (of 52) members of the Kanyawara community and 39
(of approximately 145) members of the Ngogo community were
studied; none were found to be positive for SIVcpz
infection. In Gombe National Park in Tanzania, 15 (of 20)
members of the Mitumba community, 51 (of 55) members of the
Kasekela community, and at least 10 (of approximately 20)
members of the Kalande community were studied. Seven
individuals were SIVcpz antibody and/or vRNA positive, and
two others had indeterminate antibody results. Based on
assay sensitivities and the numbers and types of specimens
analyzed, we estimated the prevalence of SIVcpz infection to
be 17% in Mitumba (95% confidence interval, 10 to 40%), 5%
in Kasekela (95% confidence interval, 4 to 7%), and 30% in
Kalande (95% confidence interval, 15 to 60%). For Gombe as a
whole, the SIVcpz prevalence was estimated to be 13% (95%
confidence interval, 7 to 25%). SIVcpz infection was
confirmed in five chimpanzees by PCR amplification of
partial pol and gp41/nef sequences which revealed a diverse
group of viruses that formed a monophyletic lineage within
the SIVcpzPts radiation. Although none of the 70 Kibale
chimpanzees tested SIVcpz positive, we estimated the
likelihood that a 10% or higher prevalence existed but went
undetected because of sampling and assay limitations; this
possibility was ruled out with 95% certainty. These results
indicate that SIVcpz is unevenly distributed among P. t.
schweinfurthii in east Africa, with foci or "hot spots" of
SIVcpz endemicity in some communities and rare or absent
infection in others. This situation contrasts with that for
smaller monkey species, in which infection rates by related
SIVs are generally much higher and more uniform among
different groups and populations. The basis for the wide
variability in SIVcpz infection rates in east African apes
and the important question of SIVcpz prevalence in west
central African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes)
remain to be elucidated.},
Doi = {10.1128/jvi.77.13.7545-7562.2003},
Key = {fds241009}
}
@article{fds241008,
Author = {Santiago, ML and Bibollet-Ruche, F and Bailes, E and Kamenya, S and Muller, MN and Lukasik, M and Pusey, AE and Collins, DA and Wrangham,
RW and Goodall, J and Shaw, GM and Sharp, PM and Hahn,
BH},
Title = {Amplification of a complete simian immunodeficiency virus
genome from fecal RNA of a wild chimpanzee.},
Journal = {Journal of Virology},
Volume = {77},
Number = {3},
Pages = {2233-2242},
Year = {2003},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.3.2233-2242.2003},
Abstract = {Current knowledge of the genetic diversity of simian
immunodeficiency virus (SIVcpz) infection of wild
chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) is incomplete since few
isolates, mostly from captive apes from Cameroon and Gabon,
have been characterized; yet this information is critical
for understanding the origins of human immunodeficiency
virus type 1 (HIV-1) and the circumstances leading to the
HIV-1 pandemic. Here, we report the first full-length SIVcpz
sequence (TAN1) from a wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes
schweinfurthii) from Gombe National Park (Tanzania), which
was obtained noninvasively by amplification of virion RNA
from fecal samples collected under field conditions. Using
reverse transcription-PCR and a combination of generic and
strain-specific primers, we amplified 13 subgenomic
fragments which together spanned the entire TAN1 genome
(9,326 bp). Distance and phylogenetic tree analyses
identified TAN1 unambiguously as a member of the
HIV-1/SIVcpz group of viruses but also revealed an
extraordinary degree of divergence from all previously
characterized SIVcpz and HIV-1 strains. In Gag, Pol, and Env
proteins, TAN1 differed from west-central African SIVcpz and
HIV-1 strains on average by 36, 30, and 51% of amino acid
sequences, respectively, approaching distance values
typically found for SIVs from different primate species. The
closest relative was SIVcpzANT, also from a P. t.
schweinfurthii ape, which differed by 30, 25, and 44%,
respectively, in these same protein sequences but clustered
with TAN1 in all major coding regions in a statistically
highly significant manner. These data indicate that east
African chimpanzees, like those from west-central Africa,
are naturally infected by SIVcpz but that their viruses
comprise a second, divergent SIVcpz lineage which appears to
have evolved in relative isolation for an extended period of
time. Our data also demonstrate that noninvasive molecular
epidemiological studies of SIVcpz in wild chimpanzees are
feasible and that such an approach may prove essential for
unraveling the evolutionary history of SIVcpz/HIV-1 as well
as that of other pathogens naturally infecting wild primate
populations.},
Doi = {10.1128/jvi.77.3.2233-2242.2003},
Key = {fds241008}
}
@article{fds240948,
Author = {Earmhardt, JM and Ross, SR and Lonsdorf, EV and Pusey,
A},
Title = {A demographic comparison of wild chimpanzees from Gombe and
a managed population from North American
zoos},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {60},
Number = {Supplement 1},
Pages = {62-63},
Publisher = {Wiley: 12 months},
Year = {2003},
ISSN = {1098-2345},
Key = {fds240948}
}
@misc{fds240925,
Author = {Pandolfi, SS and van Schaik, CP and Pusey, A},
Title = {Sex Differences in Termite Fishing Among Gombe Chimpanzees
are Due to Socioecological Factors},
Booktitle = {Animal Social Complexity: Intelligence, Culture, and
Individualized Societies},
Publisher = {Harvard Univesity Press},
Editor = {de Waal, F and Tyack, P},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds240925}
}
@article{fds241029,
Author = {Santiago, ML and Rodenburg, CM and Kamenya, S and Bibollet-Ruche, F and Gao, F and Bailes, E and Meleth, S and Soong, S-J and Kilby, JM and Moldoveanu, Z and Fahey, B and Muller, MN and Ayouba, A and Nerrienet,
E and McClure, HM and Heeney, JL and Pusey, AE and Collins, DA and Boesch,
C and Wrangham, RW and Goodall, J and Sharp, PM and Shaw, GM and Hahn,
BH},
Title = {SIVcpz in wild chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {295},
Number = {5554},
Pages = {465},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.295.5554.465},
Doi = {10.1126/science.295.5554.465},
Key = {fds241029}
}
@article{fds241006,
Author = {Williams, JM and Pusey, AE and Carlis, JV and Farm, BP and Goodall,
J},
Title = {Female competition and male territorial behaviour influence
female chimpanzees' ranging patterns},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {63},
Number = {2},
Pages = {347-360},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2001.1916},
Abstract = {Current models of chimpanzee social structure differ in the
extent to which females range with the males and are loyal
to a particular social group. We tested these models by
analysing 18 years of observational data on the Gombe
chimpanzees to investigate the relationship between female
space use patterns and both female feeding competition and
changes in the male-defended range boundaries. Females at
Gombe typically spend most of their time in small
overlapping core areas within the community range. Most core
areas clustered into two neighbourhoods, north and south.
Most females maintained a high degree of site fidelity, but
altered their space use patterns to stay within a
male-defended boundary. This overall pattern supports the
male-bonded model of the chimpanzee social system, over the
bisexual or male-only community models, but there are many
exceptions. Some females were very peripheral and may have
associated simultaneously with two communities. Others
switched communities as adults. Thus, different individual
females displayed a variety of space use patterns. Different
space use patterns of individual females were associated
with differences in reproductive success. Members of the
northern neighbourhood had higher reproductive success than
those of the south, and peripheral individuals either did
very well or very poorly. Females that moved from one
community to another as adults produced the fewest surviving
offspring. These results suggest that female ranging
patterns are influenced by both feeding competition and male
territorial behaviour. © 2002 The Association for the Study
of Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1006/anbe.2001.1916},
Key = {fds241006}
}
@misc{fds240926,
Author = {Williams, JM and Liu, H and Pusey, A},
Title = {Costs and benefits of grouping for female chimpanzees at
Gombe},
Pages = {192-203},
Booktitle = {Behavioural Diversity in Chimpanzees and
Bonobos},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Boesch, C and Marchant, L and Hohmann, G},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds240926}
}
@article{fds241007,
Author = {Packer, C and Pusey, AE and Eberly, LE},
Title = {Egalitarianism in female African lions.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {293},
Number = {5530},
Pages = {690-693},
Year = {2001},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1062320},
Abstract = {Because most cooperative societies are despotic, it has been
difficult to test models of egalitarianism. Female African
lions demonstrate a unique form of plural breeding in which
companions consistently produce similar numbers of surviving
offspring. Consistent with theoretical predictions from
models of reproductive skew, female lions are unable to
control each other's reproduction because of high costs of
fighting and low access to each other's newborn cubs. A
female also lacks incentives to reduce her companions'
reproduction, because her own survival and reproduction
depend on group territoriality and synchronous breeding.
Consequently, female relationships are highly symmetrical,
and female lions are "free agents" who only contribute to
communal care when they have cubs of their
own.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1062320},
Key = {fds241007}
}
@article{fds241004,
Author = {Constable, JL and Ashley, MV and Goodall, J and Pusey,
AE},
Title = {Noninvasive paternity assignment in Gombe
chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Molecular Ecology},
Volume = {10},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1279-1300},
Year = {2001},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0962-1083},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01262.x},
Abstract = {The relative success of chimpanzee male mating strategies,
the role of male dominance rank and the success of
inbreeding avoidance behaviour can only be assessed when
paternities are known. We report the probable paternities of
14 chimpanzees included in a long-term behavioural study of
chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at Gombe
National Park, Tanzania. DNA samples were collected
noninvasively from shed hair and faeces and genotyped using
13-16 microsatellite loci characterized in humans. All 14
offspring could be assigned to fathers within the community.
While there is a positive relationship between male rank and
reproductive success, we demonstrate that a range of male
mating strategies (possessiveness, opportunistic mating and
consortships) can lead to paternity across all male ranks.
Several adult females were at risk of breeding with close
male relatives. Most successfully avoided close inbreeding
but in one case a high-ranking male in the community mated
with his mother and produced an offspring. In contrast to
recent data on chimpanzees (P. t. verus) from the Taï
forest, Côte d'Ivoire, no evidence of extra-group paternity
was observed in our study. Reanalysis of Taï data using a
likelihood approach casts doubt on the occurrence of
extra-group paternity in that community as
well.},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01262.x},
Key = {fds241004}
}
@article{fds241005,
Author = {Hill, K and Boesch, C and Goodall, J and Pusey, A and Williams, J and Wrangham, R},
Title = {Mortality rates among wild chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {40},
Number = {5},
Pages = {437-450},
Year = {2001},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhev.2001.0469},
Abstract = {In order to compare evolved human and chimpanzees' life
histories we present a synthetic life table for free-living
chimpanzees, derived from data collected in five study
populations (Gombe, Taï, Kibale, Mahale, Bossou). The
combined data from all populations represent 3711 chimpanzee
years at risk and 278 deaths. Males show higher mortality
than females and data suggest some inter-site variation in
mortality. Despite this variation, however, wild chimpanzees
generally have a life expectancy at birth of less than 15
years and mean adult lifespan (after sexual maturity) is
only about 15 years. This is considerably lower survival
than that reported for chimpanzees in zoos or captive
breeding colonies, or that measured among modern human
hunter-gatherers. The low mortality rate of human foragers
relative to chimpanzees in the early adult years may
partially explain why humans have evolved to senesce later
than chimpanzees, and have a longer juvenile
period.},
Doi = {10.1006/jhev.2001.0469},
Key = {fds241005}
}
@misc{fds240927,
Author = {Pusey, A},
Title = {Of Apes and Genes},
Booktitle = {Tree of Origin},
Publisher = {Harvard University Press},
Editor = {de Waal, FBM},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds240927}
}
@article{fds241002,
Author = {Pusey, A and Williams, J and Goodall, J},
Title = {The influence of dominance rank on the reproductive success
of female chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {277},
Number = {5327},
Pages = {828-831},
Year = {1997},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.277.5327.828},
Abstract = {Female chimpanzees often forage alone and do not display
obvious linear dominance hierarchies; consequently, it has
been suggested that dominance is not of great importance to
them. However, with the use of data from a 35-year field
study of chimpanzees, high-ranking females were shown to
have significantly higher infant survival, faster maturing
daughters, and more rapid production of young. Given the
foraging behavior of chimpanzees, high rank probably
influences reproductive success by helping females establish
and maintain access to good foraging areas rather than by
sparing them stress from aggression.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.277.5327.828},
Key = {fds241002}
}
@article{fds240949,
Author = {Packer, C and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Divided We Fall: Cooperation among Lions},
Journal = {Scientific American},
Volume = {276},
Number = {5},
Pages = {52-59},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {1997},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0036-8733},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0597-52},
Doi = {10.1038/scientificamerican0597-52},
Key = {fds240949}
}
@misc{fds240928,
Author = {Pusey, A and Packer, C},
Title = {The ecology of relationships},
Booktitle = {Behavioural Ecology},
Publisher = {Blackwell},
Editor = {Krebs, J and Davies, NB},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds240928}
}
@article{fds241003,
Author = {Pusey, A and Wolf, M},
Title = {Inbreeding avoidance in animals.},
Journal = {Trends in Ecology and Evolution},
Volume = {11},
Number = {5},
Pages = {201-206},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1996},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(96)10028-8},
Abstract = {The phenomenon of inbreeding depression is well documented
and behavioral adaptations for inbreeding avoidance have
been described. However, there is debate over whether
inbreeding depression is always an important selective force
on behavior. Here, we summarize recent evidence for
inbreeding depression under natural conditions, review
inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, and discuss how these are
influenced by social structure. We also examine the idea
that animals have evolved mechanisms to avoid
outbreeding.},
Doi = {10.1016/0169-5347(96)10028-8},
Key = {fds241003}
}
@article{fds241001,
Author = {Heinsohn, R and Packer, C and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Development of cooperative territoriality in juvenile
lions.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological
Sciences},
Volume = {263},
Number = {1369},
Pages = {475-479},
Year = {1996},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0962-8452},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1996.0071},
Abstract = {African lions, Panthera leo, engage in many cooperative
activities including hunting, care of young, and group
territoriality, but the contribution of juvenile lions to
these activities has never been documented. Here we present
experimental evidence that juvenile lionesses make a gradual
transition to group-territorial defence between weaning (8
months) and sexual maturity (42 months). When challenged by
simulated intruders played from a loud-speaker, juvenile
females (but not males) become progressively more likely to
join the adult females in territorial defence with age, and
their behaviour is affected by both the number of defending
adults and the number of intruders. We interpret the ability
of juveniles to assess relative numbers as an adaptation for
assessing the risk of territorial conflict according to
their own fighting ability, and the ability of their pride
of successfully defend the territory. The difference between
the sexes reflects the greater value of the natal territory
to philopatric females. Adult females display a variety of
strategies when defending the territory, including
unconditional and conditional forms of cooperation. We show
here that individuals display the rudiments of these
strategies as juveniles.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.1996.0071},
Key = {fds241001}
}
@misc{fds240929,
Author = {Lewis, S and Pusey, A},
Title = {Factors influencing the occurrence of communal care in
plural breeders},
Booktitle = {Cooperative Breeding in Mammals},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {French, J and Solomon, N},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds240929}
}
@article{fds240999,
Author = {Packer, C and Pusey, AE},
Title = {The Lack clutch in a communal breeder: Lion litter size is a
mixed evolutionarily stable strategy},
Journal = {The American Naturalist},
Volume = {145},
Number = {5},
Pages = {833-841},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/285771},
Doi = {10.1086/285771},
Key = {fds240999}
}
@article{fds241000,
Author = {Grinnell, J and Packer, C and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Cooperation in male lions: kinship, reciprocity or
mutualism?},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {49},
Number = {1},
Pages = {95-105},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(95)80157-X},
Abstract = {Playback experiments simulating the presence of intruder
male lions elicited cooperative behaviour of male coalitions
resident with prides of females. Resident males approached
the broadcast roars on all occasions when more than one male
was present for the experiment, and only failed to approach
in three of eight cases when a single male faced the roars
of three intruders. Three routes to cooperation were tested:
kinship, reciprocity and mutualism. These results suggest
that approaching the roars of strange males is a cooperative
behaviour, and that this cooperation is not conditional on
either the kinship or the behaviour of a male's companions.
Cooperation in male lions instead appears to be based on
mutualism. © 1995.},
Doi = {10.1016/0003-3472(95)80157-X},
Key = {fds241000}
}
@article{fds240998,
Author = {Constable, JJ and Packer, C and Collins, DA and Pusey,
AE},
Title = {Nuclear DNA from primate dug},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {373},
Number = {6513},
Pages = {393-393},
Year = {1995},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/373393a0},
Doi = {10.1038/373393a0},
Key = {fds240998}
}
@article{fds240995,
Author = {Pusey, AE and Packer, C},
Title = {Non-offspring nursing in social carnivores: Minimizing the
costs},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology},
Volume = {5},
Number = {4},
Pages = {362-374},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {1994},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/5.4.362},
Abstract = {We compare the nursing behavior of two species, African
lions(Panfhera Leo) and spotted hyenas(Crocuta Craig Packer
crocuta), and show that non-offspring nursing is much less
common in hyenas than lions. Hyenas spend less time with
their cubs, are more alert during the suckling attempts of
cubs, and more frequently resist the attempts of
non-offspring. Vigilance against milk theft may therefore
influence the distribution of non-offspring nursing across
species. Our detailed study of non-offspring nursing in
lions shows that females preferentially nurse their own
offspring and that cubs are more surreptitious when
attempting to suckle from other females. Non-offspring
nursing in lions is most common when the costs are lowest.
First, non-offspring nursing is more common among close kin.
Second, females with small litters, and presumably more milk
to spare, give a higher proportion of their nursing to
non-offspring. Third, females give a higher proportion of
their nursing to non-offspring as their own cubs grow older
and need less milk. Cubs reared in créches do not appear to
gain more milk that cubs raised alone, and females do not
show any evidence of reciprocity in nursing one another's
offspring. We suggest that non-offspring nursing in lions
occurs as a by-product of the females' communal defense of
their cubs against infanticide. © 1994 International
Society for Behavioral Ecology.},
Doi = {10.1093/beheco/5.4.362},
Key = {fds240995}
}
@article{fds240997,
Author = {McComb, K and Packer, C and Pusey, A},
Title = {Roaring and numerical assessment in contests between groups
of female lions, Panthera leo},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {47},
Number = {2},
Pages = {379-387},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1994},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1994.1052},
Abstract = {Theoretical and experimental studies of assessment in animal
contests have, until now, focused on disputes between single
individuals. However, whereas single competitors usually
avoid fights with opponents that are larger or stronger than
themselves, in contests between social groups competitors
might be expected to adjust their agonistic behaviour
according to the number of individuals in their own and the
opposing group. This hypothesis was tested using playback
experiments to generate controlled artificial contests
between groups of female lions. Recordings of single females
roaring and groups of three females roaring in chorus were
played back to simulate the presence of unfamiliar intruders
within the territories of 21 different lion prides in
Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. Defending adult females
were less likely to approach playbacks of three intruders
than of a single intruder and on occasions when they did
approach three intruders they made their approach more
cautiously. Defenders also carefully adjusted their decision
to approach according to the size and composition of their
own group, and attempted to recruit extra companions to the
contest by roaring when some were absent at the time of
playback. A strong selective advantage to avoiding the costs
of fighting with larger groups could have led to the
widespread evolution of numerical assessment skills in
social species. © 1993 The Association for the Study of
Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1006/anbe.1994.1052},
Key = {fds240997}
}
@misc{fds240931,
Author = {Pusey, A and Packer, C},
Title = {Infanticide in lions: consequences and counterstrategies},
Booktitle = {Infanticide and Parental Care},
Publisher = {Hardwood Academic Publishers},
Editor = {Parmigiania, S and vom Saal, F},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds240931}
}
@article{fds240994,
Author = {McComb, K and Pusey, A and Packer, C and Grinnell,
J},
Title = {Female lions can identify potentially infanticidal males
from their roars.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological
Sciences},
Volume = {252},
Number = {1333},
Pages = {59-64},
Year = {1993},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0962-8452},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1993.0046},
Abstract = {Despite evidence from several bird, fish and mammal species
that listeners can discriminate between the vocalizations of
familiar and unfamiliar adult conspecifics, direct links
between discriminatory abilities and fitness benefits have
been difficult to identify. In free-ranging populations of
African lions (Panthera leo), females with cubs face a
substantial threat from one particular category of
unfamiliar individuals: infanticidal males. Here we use
playback experiments to demonstrate that females with cubs
can distinguish immediately between roars from their own
resident males (the fathers of the cubs) and those from
unfamiliar, potentially infanticidal males. Although they
remain relaxed when played roars from resident males, they
immediately become agitated on hearing unfamiliar males and
retreat rapidly with their cubs if the latter have reached
about 4.5 months of age. These responses are not simply a
function of the roarers being unfamiliar, for when played
the roars of unfamiliar females, females with cubs
consistently approach the loudspeaker. Furthermore, females
often move toward the cubs in response to playbacks of
unfamiliar males but not in response to playbacks of
unfamiliar females or resident males. Our results suggest
how females with cubs might, by quickly detecting and
categorizing unfamiliar intruders within their territory,
protect their cubs from infanticidal males and expel
intruding females. Distinguishing between individuals on the
basis of their vocal characteristics could therefore confer
direct fitness benefits on discriminating
lionesses.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.1993.0046},
Key = {fds240994}
}
@article{fds240993,
Author = {Brown, JL and Bush, M and Packer, C and Pusey, AE and Monfort, SL and O'Brien, SJ and Janssen, DL and Wildt, DE},
Title = {Hormonal characteristics of free-ranging female lions
(Panthera leo) of the Serengeti Plains and Ngorongoro
Crater.},
Journal = {Journal of Reproduction and Fertility},
Volume = {97},
Number = {1},
Pages = {107-114},
Year = {1993},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0970107},
Abstract = {Pituitary responses to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone
(GnRH) and prolactin and steroid secretory profiles were
examined in two populations of adult, female lions in the
Serengeti (one outbred in the Serengeti Plains and one
inbred in the Ngorongoro Crater) to determine whether
reductions in genetic variability adversely affected
endocrine function. GnRH-induced gonadotrophin secretion was
also examined after adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
treatment to determine whether acute increases in serum
cortisol altered pituitary function. Anaesthetized lions
were administered (i) saline i.v. after 10 and 100 min of
blood sampling, (ii) saline at 10 min and GnRH (1 micrograms
kg-1 body weight) after 100 min; or (iii) ACTH (3 micrograms
kg-1) at 10 min and GnRH after 100 min of sampling. Basal
serum cortisol and basal and GnRH-induced gonadotrophin
secretion were similar (P > 0.05) between females of the
Ngorongoro Crater and Serengeti Plains. After ACTH, serum
cortisol increased two- to threefold over baseline values
and the response was unaffected (P > 0.05) by location.
ACTH-induced increases in serum cortisol had no effect on
subsequent basal or GnRH-stimulated luteinizing hormone (LH)
or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion. Overall
mean serum progesterone concentrations ranged from 0.2 to
5.4 ng ml-1 with the exception of four females (two in the
Serengeti and two in the Crater; progesterone range,
18.4-46.5 ng ml-1) that were presumed pregnant (three of
these females were observed nursing cubs several weeks
later).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)},
Doi = {10.1530/jrf.0.0970107},
Key = {fds240993}
}
@article{fds240996,
Author = {Packer, C and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Should a lion change its spots?},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {362},
Number = {6421},
Pages = {595-595},
Year = {1993},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/362595a0},
Doi = {10.1038/362595a0},
Key = {fds240996}
}
@misc{fds240933,
Author = {Watts, D and Pusey, A},
Title = {Life-history tactics of juvenile great apes},
Booktitle = {Juveniles: Comparative Socioecology},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Editor = {Pereira, ME and Fairbanks, LA},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds240933}
}
@misc{fds240934,
Author = {Packer, C and Pusey, A},
Title = {Dispersal and the genetic structure of lion
populations},
Booktitle = {The Natural History of Inbreeding and Outbreeding},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Editor = {Thornhill, N and Shields, W},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds240934}
}
@article{fds240990,
Author = {Packer, C and Lewis, S and Pusey, A},
Title = {A comparative analysis of non-offspring nursing},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {43},
Number = {2},
Pages = {265-281},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1992},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80222-2},
Abstract = {Information on the incidence of non-offspring nursing in 100
mammalian species was assembled from the literature and from
a questionnaire survey. A comparative analysis of these data
revealed several factors that influence the occurrence of
non-offspring nursing across species. The incidence of
nonoffspring nursing is increased by captivity. In field
studies, it is more common in species that have larger
litters and there are several important differences in the
context of non-offspring nursing between monotocous taxa
(where females typically give birth to a single young) and
polytocous taxa (where females routinely give birth to
multiple young). In monotocous species, non-offspring
nursing is associated with high levels of 'milk theft' by
parasitic infants; and is more common in species where
females continue nursing after they have lost their own
young. In polytocous species, non-offspring nursing is not
associated with 'milk theft' and is most common in species
that live in small groups. These results are discussed in
terms of the costs to females of tolerating non-offspring
nursing. © 1992 The Association for the Study of Animal
Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80222-2},
Key = {fds240990}
}
@misc{fds240932,
Author = {Pusey, A},
Title = {The primate perspective on dispersal},
Pages = {243-259},
Booktitle = {Dispersal: Small Mammals as a Model},
Publisher = {Chapman & Hall},
Editor = {Stenseth, NC and Lidicker, WZ},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds240932}
}
@article{fds240991,
Author = {Gilbert, DA and Packer, C and Pusey, AE and Stephens, JC and O'Brien,
SJ},
Title = {Analytical DNA fingerprinting in lions: parentage, genetic
diversity, and kinship.},
Journal = {The Journal of Heredity},
Volume = {82},
Number = {5},
Pages = {378-386},
Year = {1991},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0022-1503},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111107},
Abstract = {The application of hypervariable minisatellite genomic
families to the reconstruction of population genetic
structure holds great promise in describing the demographic
history and future prospects of free-ranging populations.
This potential has not yet been realized due to unforeseen
empirical constraints associated with the use of
heterologous species probes, to theoretical limitations on
the power of the procedure to track genic heterozygosity and
kinship, and to the absence of extensive field studies to
test genetic predictions. We combine here the technical
development of feline-specific VNTR (variable number tandem
repeat) families of genetic loci with the long-term
demographic and behavioral observations of lion populations
of the Serengeti ecosystem in East Africa. Minisatellite
variation was used to quantify the extent of genetic
variation in several populations that differed in their
natural history and levels of inbreeding. Definitive
parentage, both maternal and paternal, was assessed for 78
cubs born in 11 lion prides, permitting the assessment of
precise genealogical relationships among some 200 lions. The
extent of DNA restriction fragment sharing between lions was
empirically calibrated with the coefficient of relatedness,
r, in two different populations that had distinct
demographic histories. The results suggest that reliable
estimates of relative genetic diversity, of parentage, and
of individual relatedness can be achieved in free-ranging
populations, provided the minisatellite family is calibrated
in established pedigrees for the species.},
Doi = {10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111107},
Key = {fds240991}
}
@article{fds240989,
Author = {PACKER, C and PUSEY, AE and ROWLEY, H and GILBERT, DA and MARTENSON, J and O'BRIEN, SJ},
Title = {Case Study of a Population Bottleneck: Lions of the
Ngorongoro Crater},
Journal = {Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for
Conservation Biology},
Volume = {5},
Number = {2},
Pages = {219-230},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1991.tb00127.x},
Abstract = {Abstract: Lions in the Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania, form a
small and naturally isolated population. In 1962, the Crater
lions suffered an epizootic that reduced the population to
nine females and one male. An additional seven males
apparently immigrated into the Crater in 1964–1965, but
there has been no further immigration into the Crater in the
past 25 years. By 1975, the population had recovered to its
current level of 75‐125 animals. All members of the
current Crater population are descended from only 15
founders, and over the years there has been considerable
variance in the reproductive success of both sexes. The
Crater was probably colonized by lions from the nearby
Serengeti ecosystem and the contemporary Crater lion
population shows a significant lack of genetic diversity
compared to the much larger Serengeti population. The
detailed reproductive history of the Crater population was
incorporated into a series of stochastic computer
simulations that generated distributions of expected allele
frequencies under different sets of initial conditions. The
simulations suggest that the Crater population may have
passed through previous bottlenecks before 1962 but that the
level of heterozygosity in the breeding population has been
declining since the mid‐1970s, regardless of the
population's genetic composition in the 1960s. High levels
of inbreeding are correlated with increased levels of sperm
abnormality in lions and there is evidence that the
reproductive performance of the Crater lions has decreased
as a result of decreasing heterozygosity. Copyright © 1991,
Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1523-1739.1991.tb00127.x},
Key = {fds240989}
}
@article{fds240987,
Author = {Brown, JL and Bush, M and O'Brien, SJ and Packer, C and Pusey, AE and Monfort, SL and Janssen, DL and Wildt, DE},
Title = {Developmental changes in pituitary-gonadal function in
free-ranging lions (Panthera leo leo) of the Serengeti
Plains and Ngorongoro Crater},
Journal = {Journal of Reproduction and Fertility},
Volume = {91},
Number = {1},
Pages = {29-40},
Year = {1991},
ISSN = {0022-4251},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0910029},
Abstract = {Pituitary-gonadal function was examined in male lions
free-ranging in the Serengeti Plains or geographically
isolated in the Ngorongoro Crater of Tanzania. Lions were
classified by age as adult (6.1-9.8 years), young adult
(3.3-4.5 years) or prepubertal (l.4-1.6 years, Serengeti
Plains only). Each animal was anaesthetized and then bled at
5-min intervals for 100 min before and 140 min after i.v.
administration of saline or GnRH (1 μg/kg body weight).
Basal serum LH and FSH concentrations were similar (P >
0.05) among age classes and between locations. In Serengeti
Plains lions, net LH peak concentrations after GnRH were ~
35% greater (P < 0.05) in prepubertal than in either
adult or young adult animals. GnRH-stimulated LH release was
similar (P > 0.05) between adult and young adult lions,
and these responses were similar (P > 0.05) to those
measured in Ngorongoro Crater lions. Basal and
GnRH-stimulated testosterone secretion was higher (P <
0.05) in adult than in young adult lions and lowest (P <
0.05) in prepubertal lions. Age-class differences in
testosterone production were related directly to the
concentrations of LH receptors in the testis (P < 0.05).
Basal and GnRH-stimulated testosterone secretion and
gonadotrophin receptor concentrations within age classes
were similar (P > 0.05) between lions of the Serengeti
Plains and Ngorongoro Crater. Lower motility and higher
percentages of structurally abnormal spermatozoa were
observed in electroejaculates of young adult compared to
adult Serengeti Plains males (P < 0.05) and were
associated with decreased steroidogenic activity. In
contrast, there were no age-related differences in ejaculate
characteristics of Ngorongoro Crater lions. Seminal quality
in the Crater population was poor in adult and young adult
animals and was unrelated to alterations in pituitary or
testicular function. In summary, only seminal quality in
adult male lions was affected by location, whereas age
significantly affeeted both basal and GnRH-stimulated
testosterone secretion and seminal quality (Serengeti Plains
only) in sexually mature males. The striking
seminal/endocrine differences among pride (breeding) males
of different ages raises questions about the impact of age
on individual reproductive performance in this
species.},
Doi = {10.1530/jrf.0.0910029},
Key = {fds240987}
}
@article{fds240992,
Author = {Gilbert, DA and Packer, C and Pusey, AE and Stephens, JC and O'Brien,
SJ},
Title = {A molecular genetic analysis of kinship and cooperation in
African lions},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {351},
Number = {6327},
Pages = {562-565},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1991},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/351562a0},
Abstract = {African lions live in complex social groups and show
extensive cooperative behaviour1-10. Here we describe a new
application of DNA fingerprinting that unequivocally
demonstrates the kinship structure of lion 'prides': female
companions are always closely related, male companions are
either closely related or unrelated, and mating partners are
usually unrelated. The variability in relatedness among male
coalition partners provides an important opportunity to test
for the effects of kinship on cooperative behaviour11.
Paternity analysis reveals that male reproductive success
becomes increasingly skewed as coalition size increases, and
the tendency to form coalitions with non-relatives drops
sharply with increasing coalition size. Thus males only act
as non-reproductive 'helpers' in coalitions composed of
close relatives.},
Doi = {10.1038/351562a0},
Key = {fds240992}
}
@article{fds240986,
Author = {Pusey, AE},
Title = {Behavioural Changes at Adolescence in Chimpanzees},
Journal = {Behaviour},
Volume = {115},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {203-246},
Publisher = {BRILL},
Year = {1990},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853990X00581},
Abstract = {Male chimpanzees experience puberty (marked testicular
growth and ejaculation) when they are about 9 years old and
just over half adult weight. They reach adult weight at
14-15 years. Females start small sexual swellings at about 8
years, mate with adult males when they are about 10.5 years
and have their first infants when they are about 12 years.
Males reduce their constant association with their mothers
when they reach puberty and associate more with adult males
and cycling females. Some males form strong, long-lasting
associations with particular adult males. Females remain
with their mothers until first oestrus, and then associate
with adult males either in their natal community or a new
community during oestrus. The decline in association with
the mother is more closely correlated with pubertal stage
than with chronological age in both sexes. Immatures of all
ages spend 3-13% of their time in social grooming, but
grooming partners change during adolescence. Juveniles of
both sexes groom their mothers and siblings most, but males
groom individuals outside their maternal unit more than do
females. Juveniles receive over 90% of their grooming from
mothers and siblings. Adolescent males groom less with their
mothers and more with cycling females and adult males. While
early adolescent males start to be groomed by females only
late adolescent males receive any grooming from adult males.
Adolescent females without mothers groom little except with
adult males when they are in oestrus. Social play is most
frequent with individuals aged 2-9 years and individuals
play most with others of their age. Time spent playing by
both sexes declines markedly during adolescence. Juveniles
and early adolescents of both sexes have friendly
interactions with infants, but late adolescents rarely
interact with infants. Males show frequent sexual behaviour
with oestrous females from an early age. Males spend more
time with oestrous females as they get older but frequency
of copulation declines gradually through adolescence. Early
adolescent males try to take females on consort, but only
late adolescent males succeed. One female rejected the
sexual advances of a male once he reached puberty. Rates of
interference in copulations by males decline during
adolescence and males become more cautious of copulating in
the presence of adult males. Females show little sexual
behaviour until they start getting large oestrus swellings.
Males receive increased aggression from adult males during
adolescence. They become tense in the presence of adult
males and even late adolescents are peripheral to grooming
clusters of adult males. Males start to challenge adult
females in adolescence but are often attacked, and are not
able to dominate them all until late adolescence. Male
juveniles perform elements of charging displays without hair
erection more frequently than females. The freqency of this
declines in adolescence while the frequency of charging
displays with hair erection by males increases in
adolescence and displays become increasingly more adult-like
in length and form. Males show the shoulder hunch for the
first time in early adolescence. Males pant hoot more than
females and rates of pant-hooting increase with age in both
sexes. © 1990, Brill. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1163/156853990X00581},
Key = {fds240986}
}
@article{fds240988,
Author = {Packer, C and Scheel, D and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Why lions form groups: food is not enough},
Journal = {The American Naturalist},
Volume = {136},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-19},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Year = {1990},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-0147},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/285079},
Abstract = {Two Panthera leo group sizes maximize foraging success
during the season of prey scarcity: one female and 5-6
females. Foraging success does not vary significantly with
group size when prey is abundant. Female lions live in
fission-fusion social units (prides) and forage only with
members of their own pride. If lion grouping patterns were
primarily related to group-size-specific feeding efficiency,
females in prides containing <5 females should forage alone
when prey is scarce; females in larger prides should forage
alone or in groups of 5-6. However, females in small prides
most commonly forage in as large a group as possible, even
at the expense of foraging efficiency. Females in large
prides most often forage in intermediate group sizes of 4 or
5. However, mothers keep their cubs in a creche and form
highly stable maternity groups that are effective in
defending the cubs against infanticidal males. Most large
prides contain a creche involving 4 or 5 mothers; in the
absence of a creche, large prides show no preference for any
group size. Females also compete aggressively against
neighboring prides, and larger groups successfully repel
smaller ones in territorial disputes. Small prides appear to
be excessively gregarious in order to compete against larger
neighboring prides. -from Authors},
Doi = {10.1086/285079},
Key = {fds240988}
}
@misc{fds240935,
Author = {Pusey, A},
Title = {Mechanisms of inbreeding avoidance in nonhuman
primates},
Pages = {201-220},
Booktitle = {Pedophilia: Biosocial dimensions},
Publisher = {Aldine de Gruyter},
Editor = {Feierman, JR},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds240935}
}
@article{fds240985,
Author = {Pusey, A},
Title = {Reply from a. E. Pusey.},
Journal = {Trends in Ecology and Evolution},
Volume = {3},
Number = {6},
Pages = {145-146},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1988},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0169-5347},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(88)90180-2},
Doi = {10.1016/0169-5347(88)90180-2},
Key = {fds240985}
}
@article{fds240950,
Author = {Pusey, A},
Title = {Primate dispersal},
Journal = {Trends in Ecology and Evolution},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {145-145},
Year = {1988},
ISSN = {1872-8383},
Key = {fds240950}
}
@misc{fds240936,
Author = {Packer, C and Herbst, L and Pusey, A and Bygott, JD and Hanby, JP and Cairns, SJ and Borgerhoff-Mulder, M},
Title = {Reproductive success of lions},
Pages = {363-383},
Booktitle = {Reproductive Success},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Editor = {Clutton-Brock, TH},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds240936}
}
@article{fds240983,
Author = {Pusey, AE},
Title = {Sex-biased dispersal and inbreeding avoidance in birds and
mammals.},
Journal = {Trends in Ecology and Evolution},
Volume = {2},
Number = {10},
Pages = {295-299},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1987},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0169-5347},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(87)90081-4},
Abstract = {Sex differences in dispersal distance are widespread in
birds and mammals, but the predominantly dispersing sex
differs consistently between the classes. There has been
persistent debate over the relative importance of two
factors - intrasexual competition and inbreeding avoidance -
in producing sex-biased dispersal, and over the sources of
the difference in dispersal patterns between the two
classes. Recent studies cast new light on these
questions.},
Doi = {10.1016/0169-5347(87)90081-4},
Key = {fds240983}
}
@article{fds240981,
Author = {Wildt, DE and Bush, M and Goodrowe, KL and Packer, C and Pusey, AE and Brown, JL and Joslin, P and O'Brien, SJ},
Title = {Reproductive and genetic consequences of founding isolated
lion populations},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {329},
Number = {6137},
Pages = {328-331},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1987},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/329328a0},
Abstract = {Species survival is critically dependent on reproductive
performance, a complex physiological process under rigorous
genetic control. Classical studies of inbreeding in
laboratory animals and livestock have shown that increased
homozygosity can adversely affect spermatogenesis, ovulation
and perinatal mortality and morbidity1-3. For wild
populations, the consequences of inbreeding depression have
not been examined intensively, although our recent studies
of the African cheetah revealed a striking degree of genetic
uniformity4,5 combined with an extremely high incidence of
structurally abnormal spermatozoa (>70%) in captive6 as well
as free-ranging7 males. In this study, we report definitive
evidence that the reproductive function of free-ranging
mammals can be impaired as a result of demographic
contraction followed by inbreeding. In an examination of
three distinct lion populations (two from the Serengeti
ecosystem in East Africa and a third descended from lions in
the Gir Forest of western India), a direct correlation was
observed between genetic variability and two physiological
traits, incidence of abnormal sperm and circulating
testosterone, a critical hormone for spermatogenesis. ©
1987 Nature Publishing Group.},
Doi = {10.1038/329328a0},
Key = {fds240981}
}
@article{fds240982,
Author = {Packer, C and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Intrasexual co-operation and the sex ratio in African
lions.},
Journal = {The American Naturalist},
Volume = {130},
Number = {4},
Pages = {636-642},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Year = {1987},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/284735},
Abstract = {Panthero leo in the Serengeti National Park and Ngorongoro
Crater, Tanzania, live in stable social groups. The
reproductive success of individuals of each sex depends on
the number of like-sexed companions that they have. Males
form coalitions of up to 7 individuals that act as a unit in
competition against other coalitions. A successful coalition
gains temporary, exclusive access to a group of females for
up to several years before being ousted by another
coalition. Larger coalitions are more likely to gain
residence in a pride, remain in residence longer, and gain
access to more females. Coalition partners seem to have
similar mating success. Reproductive success of males
increases with increasing coalition size. Females live in
prides of 1-18 adult females; all females breed at a similar
rate; females in prides of 3-10 adult females have higher
individual fitness, but female fitness does not increase
with group size at the same rate as occurs in males. The
probability of living in a larger group as an adult depends
primarily on the size of the cohort in which an individual
was reared.-from Authors},
Doi = {10.1086/284735},
Key = {fds240982}
}
@article{fds240984,
Author = {Pusey, AE and Packer, C},
Title = {The evolution of sex-biased dispersal in
lions},
Journal = {Behaviour},
Volume = {101},
Number = {4},
Pages = {275-310},
Publisher = {BRILL},
Year = {1987},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853987X00026},
Abstract = {Most female Panthera leo remain in their natal pride for
their entire lives, but c 1/3 emigrate before they reach 4
yr of age. Most emigrating females leave either when they
are evicted by an incoming male coalition or when the adult
females of their pride give birth to new cubs. One cohort of
females left because they avoided mating with males of their
father's coalition. Cohorts of dispersing females leave
together and form a new pride whose range almost always
includes at least part of their natal range. Females that
leave their natal pride suffer reduced fitness: dispersing
females in the Serengeti first breed at a later age than
non-dispersing females and dispersing Ngorongoro females
suffer higher mortality. Dispersal patterns of large and
small cohorts are such that pride size rarely exceeds or
goes below the range of sizes that confers the maximum
reproductive success per female. Pride fissions have no
consistent effect on the average levels of genetic
relatedness within prides. All males leave their natal
pride. Most leave at a male takeover. Larger male coalitions
are more likely than small ones to gain residence in a pride
adjacent to their natal pride, and also gain their first
pride at a younger age. However, not all large cohorts are
so successful because most cohorts of 6-8 males permanently
split up soon after emigrating from their natal pride. -from
Authors},
Doi = {10.1163/156853987X00026},
Key = {fds240984}
}
@article{fds240951,
Author = {Packer, C and Pusey, A},
Title = {Retracing the history of the Ngorongoro Lions},
Journal = {Swara},
Volume = {10},
Number = {4},
Pages = {30-32},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds240951}
}
@misc{fds240937,
Author = {Pusey, A and Packer, C},
Title = {Philopatry and dispersal},
Pages = {250-266},
Booktitle = {Primate Societies},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Editor = {Smuts, BB and Cheney, DL and Seyfarth, RM and Struhsaker, TT and Wrangham, RW},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds240937}
}
@misc{fds240938,
Author = {Packer, C and Pusey, A},
Title = {Asymmetric contests in social mammals: respect, manipulation
and age specific aspects},
Booktitle = {Evolution},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Greenwood, PJ and Slatkin, M},
Year = {1985},
Key = {fds240938}
}
@misc{fds240939,
Author = {Packer, C and Pusey, A},
Title = {Infanticide in carnivores},
Booktitle = {Infanticide: Comparative and Evolutionary
Perspectives},
Publisher = {Aldine},
Editor = {Hausfater, G and Hrdy, SB},
Year = {1984},
Key = {fds240939}
}
@article{fds240979,
Author = {Packer, C and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Cooperation and competition in lions (reply)},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {302},
Number = {5906},
Pages = {356},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1983},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/302356b0},
Doi = {10.1038/302356b0},
Key = {fds240979}
}
@article{fds240976,
Author = {Packer, C and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Adaptations of female lions to infanticide by incoming males
( Panthera leo).},
Journal = {The American Naturalist},
Volume = {121},
Number = {5},
Pages = {716-728},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Year = {1983},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/284097},
Abstract = {Female Panthera leo with cubs show various direct responses
to immigrating males, including defense of their cubs or
avoidance of the new males. Despite these responses, male
replacement in the females' pride results in considerable
cub mortality. Those females that remain in the pride and
mate with the new males show low fertility in the first few
months after a takeover of their pride. At the same time,
however, females show heightened sexual activity, being more
active in initiating copulations and seeking a greater
number of mating partners. These 2 factors appear to elicit
competition between male coalitions for control of the
pride, with the result that larger coalitions eventually
become resident. This is adaptive because a female needs
protection from male harassment of her cubs for >2 yr in
order to rear her cubs successfully, and only large male
coalitions are likely to remain in a pride for >2 yr. A
simple model specifies one set of conditions under which a
female will improve her lifetime reproductive success by
showing temporary periods of infertility, but attracting a
larger coalition. -Authors},
Doi = {10.1086/284097},
Key = {fds240976}
}
@article{fds240978,
Author = {Packer, C and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Male takeovers and female reproductive parameters: A
simulation of oestrous synchrony in lions (Panthera
leo)},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {31},
Number = {2},
Pages = {334-340},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1983},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(83)80051-7},
Abstract = {The takeover of a pride of lions by a new coalition of adult
males synchronizes the reproductive states of the females
because the females' dependent offspring either die or are
evicted at the takeover. Using data on the consequences of
male takeovers on female reproductive parameters in wild
lions, but without allowing for any interaction between
females, we simulated the reproductive histories of 100
female lions for the first 2 years after a male takeover and
then cast them into simulated prides of varying sizes. The
simulations produced levels of oestrous synchrony similar to
those observed in prides of wild lions. ©
1983.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0003-3472(83)80051-7},
Key = {fds240978}
}
@article{fds240980,
Author = {Pusey, AE},
Title = {Mother-offspring relationships in chimpanzees after
weaning},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {31},
Number = {2},
Pages = {363-377},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1983},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(83)80055-4},
Abstract = {Juvenile chimpanzees at Gombe National Park associated
almost constantly with their mothers for several years after
they were weaned from suckling. Then this association
declined abruptly in three contexts: (1) when mothers
resumed oestrous cycles and consorted with individual males,
(2) when females left their mothers at adolescence to mate
with males, (3) when males reached puberty. Males spent more
time at a distance from their mothers and were more
gregarious than females. Mothers supplanted daughters more
than sons from food. The contexts of separation and the
positive interactions between mothers and offspring of all
ages suggest that conflicting social requirements rather
than increased rejection by the mother eventually draw
mother and offspring apart. The costs and benefits to
mothers and offspring of continued association are discussed
in the context of the unusual social structure of
chimpanzees. © 1983.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0003-3472(83)80055-4},
Key = {fds240980}
}
@article{fds240952,
Author = {Pusey, A and Packer, C},
Title = {Once and future kings},
Journal = {Natureal history},
Volume = {92},
Pages = {54-63},
Year = {1983},
Key = {fds240952}
}
@article{fds240977,
Author = {Packer, C and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Cooperation and competition within coalitions of male lions:
kin selection or game theory?},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {296},
Number = {5859},
Pages = {740-742},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1982},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/296740a0},
Abstract = {Male lions form cooperative coalitions which compete against
other coalitions for exclusive access to female groups1,2.
This cooperation and the apparently low level of
intra-coalition competition over oestrous females, have been
considered to be due to the close genetic relatedness of the
males in the coalition1-4. However, we now present evidence
that breeding coalitions of male lions include non-relatives
much more commonly than was generally supposed, that
intra-coalition competition over females is widespread and
that kinship is not the primary factor determining levels of
competition. © 1982 Nature Publishing Group.},
Doi = {10.1038/296740a0},
Key = {fds240977}
}
@article{fds240974,
Author = {Pusey, AE},
Title = {Inbreeding avoidance in chimpanzees},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {28},
Number = {2},
Pages = {543-552},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1980},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(80)80063-7},
Abstract = {In a community of chimpanzees in Gombe National Park,
females' associations with their previous closest male
associates (usually maternal siblings) dropped abruptly when
they commenced full oestrous cycles, in some cases because
the females changed their range within their natal
community. Sexual activity was very infrequent between
maternal siblings and between mothers and sons. Whereas
males remained in their natal community all their lives,
most or all females transferred to other communities during
adolescence either permanently or temporarily.
Inter-community transfer by females apparently resulted from
attraction to unfamiliar males. Thus inbreeding appears to
be avoided in this species as a consequence of reduced
sexual attraction between individuals who were familiar with
each other in immaturity. © 1980.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0003-3472(80)80063-7},
Key = {fds240974}
}
@article{fds240975,
Author = {Packer, C and Pusey, AE},
Title = {Female aggression and male membership in troops of Japanese
macaques and olive baboons.},
Journal = {Folia Primatologica},
Volume = {31},
Number = {3},
Pages = {212-218},
Year = {1979},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000155884},
Abstract = {A detailed comparison of Macaca fuscata and Papio anubis
reveals that female aggression to males has an effect on
male association with females in both species, but only in
M. fuscata do females appear to be able to limit the number
of males in their troop. It is suggested that this is the
reasons why 'solitary' males are commonly reported in M.
fuscata, but rare in P. anubis, and may be related
ultimately to the different degrees of sexual dimorphism in
the two species.},
Doi = {10.1159/000155884},
Key = {fds240975}
}
@misc{fds240940,
Author = {Pusey, A},
Title = {Inter-community transfer of chimpanzees in Gombe National
Park},
Pages = {464-479},
Booktitle = {The Great Apes},
Publisher = {Benjamin.Cummings},
Editor = {Hamburg, DA and McCown, ER},
Year = {1979},
Key = {fds240940}
}
@misc{fds240941,
Author = {Pusey, A},
Title = {Age changes in the mother offspring association of wild
chimpanzees},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {119-123},
Booktitle = {Recent Advances in Primatology},
Publisher = {Academic Press},
Editor = {Chivers, DJ and Herbert, J},
Year = {1978},
Key = {fds240941}
}
%% Rasmussen, Michele A.
@article{fds47604,
Author = {D.J. Curtis and M.A. Rasmussen},
Title = {The evolution of cathemerality in primates and other
mammals: a comparative and chronoecological
approach},
Journal = {Folia Primatologica},
Volume = {77},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {178-193},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds47604}
}
@misc{fds47605,
Author = {M. A. Rasmussen},
Title = {Seasonality in predation risk: varying activity periods in
lemurs and other primates},
Pages = {105-128},
Booktitle = {Seasonality in Primates},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {D.K. Brockman and C.P. van Schaik},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds47605}
}
@article{fds47606,
Author = {D.J. Curtis and M.A. Rasmussen},
Title = {Cathemerality in lemurs},
Journal = {Evolutionary Anthropology},
Volume = {11},
Number = {S1},
Pages = {83-86},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds47606}
}
@misc{fds47607,
Author = {D.J. Overdorff and M.A. Rasmussen},
Title = {Determinants of nighttime activity in “diurnal” lemurid
primates},
Pages = {61-74},
Booktitle = {Creatures of the Dark: The Nocturnal Prosimians},
Publisher = {Plenum Press},
Editor = {L.G. Alterman and G.A. Doyle and K. Izard},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds47607}
}
%% Rhodes, Jill
@article{fds48029,
Author = {Rhodes, J.A. and Churchill, S.E.},
Title = {Throwing in the Middle And Upper Paleolithic: Inferences
from an Analysis of Humeral Torsion},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds48029}
}
@article{fds49546,
Author = {Rhodes JA},
Title = {Humeral torsion and retroversion in the literature -
Reply},
Journal = {Am J Phys Anthropol},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds49546}
}
@misc{fds49547,
Author = {Churchill SE and Rhodes JA},
Title = {The evolution of the human capacity for killing at a
distance: The human fossil evidence for the evolution of
projectile weaponry},
Booktitle = {The evolution of hominid diets: Integrating approaches to
the study of Palaeolithic subsistence},
Publisher = {Springer-Verlag; Heidelberg},
Editor = {Richards M and Hublin JJ},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds49547}
}
@article{fds47092,
Author = {Churchill, S and J. Rhodes},
Title = {Osteological approaches to the evolution of projectile
weaponry},
Journal = {Paleoanthropology Society Annual Meetings},
Year = {2006},
Month = {April},
Abstract = {When in evolutionary history did long-range projectile
weapons become an important component of hunting tool kits?
The origins of projectile weaponry can be addressed, in
part, through analyses of the skeletal remains of the
prehistoric humans who made and used them. Habitual behavior
patterns—including those related to the production and use
of technology—can be imprinted on the skeleton through
both genetic and epigenetic pathways. Recent studies in the
field of sports medicine indicate that individuals who
engage in habitual throwing have increased humeral torsion
angles in their throwing arms and a greater degree of
bilateral asymmetry in torsion angles than do non-throwers.
Other skeletal evidence may be found in the forearm and
shoulder. Bilaterally asymmetric hypertrophy of the ulnar
supinator crest has been associated with throwing behavior
in Prehistoric hunter-gatherer societies of South Asia.
Additionally, the morphology of the scapular glenoid fossa
may indicate adaptation stresses associated with movement
patterns. A reduced glenoid index, such as that identified
in Middle Paleolithic samples, suggests a shoulder joint
poorly-adapted to withstand dorsally- and ventrally-directed
forces at the shoulder that occur during throwing. This
contribution examines the magnitude of and asymmetry in
humeral torsion angles, supinator crest morphology and
glenoid fossa breadth in Middle and Upper Paleolithic fossil
hominins and comparative samples of North American recent
humans relative to the question of the origin of projectile
weaponry. Although the results are not clear-cut, the
overall pattern of osteological indicators is consistent
with the claim that projectile weapons arose in the African
later MSA and moved into Europe in the hands of modern
humans.},
Key = {fds47092}
}
@article{fds49545,
Author = {Berger LR and Churchill SE and De Ruiter DJ and Rhodes
JA},
Title = {Human remains from teh Middle Stone Age of Plovers Lake,
Gauteng, South Africa},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds49545}
}
@article{fds48028,
Author = {Churchill, SE and Rhodes, JA},
Title = {How strong were the Neandertals? Leverage and muscularity at
the shoulder and elbow in Mousterian Foragers},
Journal = {Periodicum Biologorum},
Volume = {108},
Number = {4},
Pages = {457-470},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds48028}
}
@article{fds49544,
Author = {Rhodes, JA and Churchill, SE},
Title = {Patterns in directional asymmetry across the
humerus},
Journal = {Manuscript in prep for submission to Am J Phys
Anthropol},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds49544}
}
@article{fds44667,
Author = {Rhodes, J.A},
Title = {Adaptations to humeral torsion in medieval
Britain},
Journal = {Am J Phys Anthropol},
Volume = {130},
Number = {2},
Pages = {160-166},
Year = {2006},
Keywords = {Humeral torsion Functional morphology Humerus
Towton},
Abstract = {ABSTRACT Adaptations to the humeral torsion angle have been
identified in the professional throwing athlete. This
movement pattern increases the humeral torsion angle, and
also increases the extent of external rotation movements in
the dominant, throwing limb when compared with the
nondominant limb. The purpose of this paper is to test the
hypothesis that the humeral torsion angle is an adaptation
to upper limb use. This project examines the humeral torsion
angle in a number of medieval British populations, as well
as a modern cadaver-based sample. The results identify
significant differences in the humeral torsion angle both
between and within male (P < 0.001, ANOVA) and female (P <
0.014, ANOVA) populations, although the results are not
consistent with expected behavior patterns. Statistically
significant differences between males and females within the
same site were identified in 2 of the 5 samples examined.
The mean level of bilateral asymmetry does not approach that
reported for the professional throwing athlete. However, a
number of individuals have high levels of asymmetry in
excess of that identified in the professional throwing
athlete. This analysis demonstrates the need for individual
rather than population-based analyses, as the heterogeneity
within population samples obscures individual variation in
activity patterns. The diversity within British medieval
society and a lack of specific known behaviors prevent
further identification of the functional significance of the
humeral torsion angle within the archaeological record
examined here. Am J Phys Anthropol 000:000– 000, 2006. VVC
2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
Key = {fds44667}
}
@article{fds44665,
Author = {Rhodes, J.A. and Knusel, C.J},
Title = {Activity-related skeletal change in medieval humeri:
Cross-sectional and architectural alterations},
Journal = {Am J Phys Anthropol},
Volume = {128},
Number = {3},
Pages = {536-564},
Year = {2005},
Keywords = {cross-sectional geometry functional morphology humerus
Towton},
Abstract = {ABSTRACT This paper examines humeral cross-sectional
properties in two different samples of later medieval date:
a group of blade-injured males from the sites of Towton,
North Yorkshire, and Fishergate in the City of York,
England, and a comparative group of nonbladeinjured males
also from the site of Fishergate in York. CT image slices
were taken of the humeral shaft at 20%, 35%, 50%, 65%, and
80% from the distal end to investigate population
differences in levels and patterns of mechanical loading.
Bilateral asymmetry is investigated and comparisons are made
with different populations of varying activity levels.
Architectural changes such as humeral torsion are also
investigated to determine the relationship between
architectural changes and biomechanical efficiency. Results
show significant differences in diaphyseal robusticity
between the Towton sample and the comparative population, as
well as significant differences in diaphyseal shape both
between limbs within the Towton sample and between
blade-injured samples. Population differences were also
identified in the level of bilateral asymmetry, further
demonstrating the differences in movement and activity
patterns both between and within samples. These variations
may relate to distinctive, more strenuous weapon use and
differences in strenuous movement patterns in the two
groups. Am J Phys Anthropol 128:536–546, 2005. ' 2005
Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
Key = {fds44665}
}
@article{fds44695,
Author = {Rhodes, J.A},
Title = {The biomechanics of warrior activity: Repetitive, strenuous
unimanual activity and its role in skeletal
adapation},
Journal = {Am J Phys Anthropol},
Volume = {Suppl},
Number = {36},
Pages = {178},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds44695}
}
@article{fds44696,
Author = {Rhodes, J.A},
Title = {A humerus tale: humeral torsion and activity-related change
in the upper limb},
Journal = {Am J Phys Anthropol},
Volume = {Suppl},
Number = {34},
Pages = {130-131},
Year = {2002},
Abstract = {Repetitive movement of the upper limb during growth may lead
to soft tissue and skeletal adaptations. Increased humeral
torsion has been reported in professional handball players
(Pieper 1998), as well as humeral hypertrophy in
professional baseball pitchers (King et al. 1969) and
professional tennis players (Jones et al. 1977). It is
proposed that these and other ‘architectural’
modifications including bowing and lateral deviation of the
humeral shaft represent a system of adaptation to habitual,
strenuous activity. These plastic changes appear to confer a
biomechanical advantage through alterations of robusticity
and shape. By analysing these changes within the modern
clinical record, a system may be developed that will help
define the nature of plastic change within unilateral bone
development and identify osteological indicators of activity
in the humerus and AAPA Abstracts 131 pectoral girdle. It is
proposed that an analysis of the osseous signature of
repetitive stress or strain syndromes together with an
interpretation of movements using pathological responses can
help elucidate actions and habitual activity from past
populations. This provides a system that enables the
classification of such skeletal modifications in terms of
behavioural response over genetic predetermination. This
research is supported by the Arts & Humanities Research
Board, UK. References: Jones HH, Priest JD, Hayes WC, Chin
CT & Nagel DA (1977) Humeral hypertrophy in response to
exercise. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 59A: 204-208.
King JW, Brelsford HJ & Tulles HS (1969) Analysis of the
pitching arm of the professional baseball pitcher. Clinical
Orthopaedics and Related Research 67: 116- 123. Pieper HG
(1998) Humeral torsion in the throwing arm of handball
players. American Journal of Sports Medicine 26:
247-253.},
Key = {fds44696}
}
%% Rimbach, Rebecca
@article{fds358342,
Author = {Rimbach, R and Amireh, A and Allen, A and Hare, B and Guarino, E and Kaufman, C and Salomons, H and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Total energy expenditure of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops
truncatus) of different ages.},
Journal = {The Journal of Experimental Biology},
Volume = {224},
Number = {15},
Year = {2021},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.242218},
Abstract = {Marine mammals are thought to have an energetically
expensive lifestyle because endothermy is costly in marine
environments. However, measurements of total energy
expenditure (TEE; kcal day-1) are available only for a
limited number of marine mammals, because large body size
and inaccessible habitats make TEE measurements expensive
and difficult to obtain for many taxa. We measured TEE in 10
adult common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) living
in natural seawater lagoons at two facilities (Dolphin
Research Center and Dolphin Quest) using the doubly labeled
water method. We assessed the relative effects of body mass,
age and physical activity on TEE. We also examined whether
TEE of bottlenose dolphins, and more generally of marine
mammals, differs from that expected for their body mass
compared with other eutherian mammals, using phylogenetic
least squares (PGLS) regressions. There were no differences
in body mass or TEE (unadjusted TEE and TEE adjusted for
fat-free mass) between dolphins from the two facilities. Our
results show that adjusted TEE decreased and fat mass
increased with age. Different measures of activity were not
related to age, body fat or adjusted TEE. Both PGLS and the
non-phylogenetic linear regression indicate that marine
mammals have an elevated TEE compared with that of
terrestrial mammals. However, bottlenose dolphins expended
17.1% less energy than other marine mammals of similar body
mass. The two oldest dolphins (>40 years) showed a lower
TEE, similar to the decline in TEE seen in older humans. To
our knowledge, this is the first study to show an
age-related metabolic decline in a large non-human
mammal.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.242218},
Key = {fds358342}
}
@article{fds357553,
Author = {Rimbach, R and Amireh, A and Allen, A and Hare, B and Guarino, E and Kaufman, C and Salomons, H and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Total energy expenditure of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops
truncatus) of different ages.},
Journal = {The Journal of Experimental Biology},
Year = {2021},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.242218},
Abstract = {Marine mammals are thought to have an energetically
expensive lifestyle because endothermy is costly in marine
environments. However, measurements of total energy
expenditure (TEE; kcal/day) are available only for a limited
number of marine mammals, because large body size and
inaccessible habitats make TEE measurements expensive and
difficult for many taxa. We measured TEE in 10 adult common
bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) living in natural
seawater lagoons at two facilities (Dolphin Research Center
and Dolphin Quest) using the doubly labeled water method. We
assessed the relative effects of body mass, age, and
physical activity on TEE. We also examined whether TEE of
bottlenose dolphins, and more generally marine mammals,
differs from that expected for their body mass compared to
other eutherian mammals, using phylogenetic least squares
(PGLS) regressions. There were no differences in body mass
or TEE (unadjusted TEE and TEE adjusted for fat free mass
(FFM)) between dolphins from both facilities. Our results
show that Adjusted TEE decreased and fat mass (FM) increased
with age. Different measures of activity were not related to
age, body fat or Adjusted TEE. Both PGLS and the
non-phylogenetic linear regression indicate that marine
mammals have an elevated TEE compared to terrestrial
mammals. However, bottlenose dolphins expended 17.1% less
energy than other marine mammals of similar body mass. The
two oldest dolphins (>40 years) showed a lower TEE, similar
to the decline in TEE seen in older humans. To our
knowledge, this is the first study to show an age-related
metabolic decline in a large non-human mammal.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.242218},
Key = {fds357553}
}
@article{fds356123,
Author = {Rimbach, R and Pillay, N and Schradin, C},
Title = {Prolonged growth during the food-restricted dry season in a
small African mammal},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalogy},
Volume = {102},
Number = {1},
Pages = {296-307},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2021},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa169},
Abstract = {Studying how different environmental parameters, such as
resource availability and ambient temperature, affect growth
rates aids to understand the evolution of different growth
strategies. Low levels of food availability restrict growth,
and high ambient temperature can constrain growth via
trade-offs between body temperature maintenance and heat
produced during digestion. We studied growth of African
striped mice (Rhabdomys pumilio), a small mammal living in a
seasonally arid habitat. Striped mice are born during spring
with high food availability and low ambient temperature, and
typically enter the food-restricted dry season before
reaching adulthood. We predicted low food availability and
high ambient temperature would negatively affect growth. We
therefore expected an extended period of slow growth during
the long dry season. We repeatedly measured body length of
369 free-living individuals, examined how ambient
temperature and food availability influenced growth rate,
and seasonal changes in growth rate. In addition, we
investigated whether mice (N = 27) born in summer (atypical
breeding season) have slower growth rates than those born in
spring. Growth rate increased with increasing food
availability and decreased with increasing ambient
temperature. Individuals born in summer grew slower than
those born in spring. Sexes reached asymptotic body length
at 258 days (females) and 285 days (males), which is an
unusually long growth period compared with other small
rodents. As most striped mice live for less than 1 year,
this period encompasses the entire life for most
individuals, but stops at old age, which could indicate
senescence. Our results demonstrate a positive influence of
food availability on growth, a relationship mediated by
ambient temperature. We conclude that striped mice enter the
food-restricted dry season before postnatal growth is
terminated, and early exposure to harsh environmental
conditions during the long dry season likely explains the
prolonged growth period in striped mice.},
Doi = {10.1093/jmammal/gyaa169},
Key = {fds356123}
}
@article{fds353247,
Author = {Pontzer, H and Rimbach, R and Paltan, J and Ivory, EL and Kendall,
CJ},
Title = {Air temperature and diet influence body composition and
water turnover in zoo-living African elephants (Loxodonta
africana): Water turnover in African elephants},
Journal = {Royal Society Open Science},
Volume = {7},
Number = {11},
Pages = {201155},
Publisher = {The Royal Society},
Year = {2020},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201155rsos201155},
Abstract = {African elephants, the largest land animal, face particular
physiological challenges in captivity and the wild. Captive
elephants can become over- or under-conditioned with
inadequate exercise and diet management. Few studies have
quantified body composition or water turnover in elephants,
and none to date have examined longitudinal responses to
changes in diet or air temperature. Using the stable isotope
deuterium oxide (2 H 2 O), we investigated changes in body
mass, estimated fat-free mass (FFM, including fat-free gut
content) and body fat in response to a multi-year
intervention that reduced dietary energy density for adult
African elephants housed at the North Carolina Zoo. We also
examined the relationship between air temperature and water
turnover. Deuterium dilution and depletion rates were
assayed via blood samples and used to calculate body
composition and water turnover in two male and three female
African elephants at six intervals over a 3-year period.
Within the first year after the dietary intervention, there
was an increase in overall body mass, a reduction in body
fat percentage and an increase in FFM. However, final values
of both body fat percentage and FFM were similar to initial
values. Water turnover (males: 359 ± 9 l d -1; females: 241
± 28 l d -1) was consistent with the allometric scaling of
water use in other terrestrial mammals. Water turnover
increased with outdoor air temperature. Our study highlights
the physiological water dependence of elephants and shows
that individuals have to drink every 2-3 days to avoid
critical water loss of approximately 10% body mass in hot
conditions.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsos.201155rsos201155},
Key = {fds353247}
}
@article{fds347125,
Author = {Rimbach, R and Blanc, S and Zahariev, A and Robin, J-P and Pillay, N and Schradin, C},
Title = {Fat content of striped mice decreases during the breeding
season but not during the food-restricted dry
season.},
Journal = {The Journal of Experimental Biology},
Volume = {222},
Number = {Pt 24},
Year = {2019},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.208504},
Abstract = {Individuals that are capable of accumulating appropriate fat
stores are assumed to have selective advantages when food
becomes scarce. Similarly to species from temperate zones,
some species inhabiting arid areas accumulate fat stores
prior to periods of food limitation. Yet, we have little
knowledge concerning seasonal variation in body composition
and the relationship between fat store size and
disappearance risk in species from arid habitats. Using the
water dilution method, we examined the body composition of
African striped mice (Rhabdomys pumilio) living in a
seasonal habitat with a long food-restricted dry season. We
tested for seasonal changes in body composition (N=159
measurements of 113 individuals) and whether dry season
survival was related to fat mass (N=66 individuals). Fat
stores were similar in size at the onset and the end of the
dry season, but surprisingly smaller at the onset of the
moist breeding season. Fat stores showed a negative
relationship with food availability. Individual variation in
fat stores was not associated with disappearance risk, but
there was a positive association of disappearance risk with
body mass. Increased disappearance risk of heavy individuals
suggests elevated dispersal rates in competitive
individuals. This study suggests that non-breeding
philopatric striped mice do not accumulate large fat stores
prior to the food-limited dry season but that they might
mobilize fat stores at the onset of the breeding season to
satisfy the energetic demands of reproduction and/or to
decrease costs associated with larger fat stores, such as
increased predation risk.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.208504},
Key = {fds347125}
}
@article{fds346667,
Author = {Rimbach, R and Blanc, S and Zahariev, A and Pillay, N and Schradin,
C},
Title = {Daily energy expenditure of males following alternative
reproductive tactics: Solitary roamers spend more energy
than group-living males.},
Journal = {Physiology & Behavior},
Volume = {199},
Pages = {359-365},
Year = {2019},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.12.003},
Abstract = {In many species, males follow alternative reproductive
tactics (ARTs), where one tactic (called bourgeois) has much
higher reproductive success than alternative tactics
followed by males with lower competitive ability. The extent
to which ARTs differ in energetic costs is unknown, but it
is important to understand the fitness payoffs of ARTs. We
studied male African striped mice (Rhabdomys pumilio) which
follow one of three ARTs: heavy bourgeois males defend
harems of females and have 10 times higher reproductive
success than smaller roamers, which have ten times higher
reproductive success than philopatric males, which remain in
their natal group and are the smallest males. Bourgeois and
philopatric males live in social groups that defend one
territory, while roamers are solitary and roam over larger
areas. We predicted that roamers will face higher energetic
costs compared to group-living males because they do not
gain thermoregulatory benefits of huddling in groups and
might travel larger distances as they have larger home
ranges. We measured daily energy expenditure (DEE) of 30
males, resting metabolic rate (RMR) of 79 males, travel
distances and daily ranges of 31 males and changes in body
mass of 51 males. Roamers had higher DEE and higher RMR than
both types of group-living males. Philopatric males had
shorter travel distances and smaller daily ranges than both
roamers and bourgeois males, which did not differ from each
other. This indicates that the higher DEE of roamers
compared to bourgeois males cannot be explained by larger
travel distances. Philopatrics gained body mass faster than
bourgeois males and roamers, thereby increasing their
competitive ability and thus the probability of later
switching to a tactic of higher reproductive success. Our
results suggest that roamers suffer energetic costs that
might reduce their ability of gaining body mass and thus the
likelihood of switching to the bourgeois tactic, indicating
evolutionary trade-offs between investing energy into
roaming versus gaining body mass.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.12.003},
Key = {fds346667}
}
@article{fds346668,
Author = {Schradin, C and Vuarin, P and Rimbach, R},
Title = {The neoteny-helper hypothesis: When to expect and when not
to expect endocrine mechanisms to regulate allo-parental
care?},
Journal = {Physiology & Behavior},
Volume = {193},
Number = {Pt A},
Pages = {127-134},
Year = {2018},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.12.008},
Abstract = {Family groups with helpers occur in several species of fish,
birds and mammals. In such cooperatively breeding species
all group members help with raising the offspring, i.e.
parents and offspring from previous litters. While the
ecological reasons and ultimate consequences of
allo-parental care have been studied in detail, we know
little about its physiological regulation. We propose three
alternative hypotheses for the endocrine regulation of
allo-parental care. 1. The neoteny-helper hypothesis
predicts that helpers that did not undergo adolescence yet
show helping behavior without any endocrine mechanisms
activating it, as helping is the default response towards
infant stimuli. The endocrine changes during adolescence
would then deactivate helping behavior. 2. The parent-helper
hypothesis predicts that helpers undergo the same endocrine
changes as parents (increased prolactin and corticosterone
levels; decreased testosterone in males but increased
estrogen in females). We predict that this hypothesis is
especially important in post-adolescent helpers. 3. The
helper-specific hypothesis predicts that there are specific
endocrine mechanisms that only exist in helpers but not in
breeders. We review evidence for these three hypotheses in
23 species of fish, birds, and mammals. We found no evidence
for the helper-specific hypothesis but for both other
hypotheses. As predicted, this depended on whether helpers
were pre- or post-adolescent, but information on whether or
not helpers underwent adolescence was often missing. Thus,
future studies should investigate whether or not helpers
have reached sexual maturity, differentiate between pre- and
post-adolescent helpers, and study behavioral changes in
helping behavior during adolescence. We conclude that the
neurobiological circuits in the brain necessary for
allo-parental care might often be the default stage in
helpers from cooperative breeding species, which might be
deactivated by specific endocrine mechanisms during
adolescence, and then would need reactivation for
allo-parental and parental care.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.12.008},
Key = {fds346668}
}
@article{fds346669,
Author = {Rimbach, R and Blanc, S and Zahariev, A and Gatta, M and Pillay, N and Schradin, C},
Title = {Seasonal variation in energy expenditure in a rodent
inhabiting a winter-rainfall desert.},
Journal = {Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic,
and Environmental Physiology},
Volume = {188},
Number = {5},
Pages = {877-888},
Year = {2018},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00360-018-1168-z},
Abstract = {Animals that spend more energy than they obtain risk
entering allostatic overload, reducing survival and fitness.
They are predicted to adjust their daily energy expenditure
(DEE) during periods of food scarcity. Adjustments of DEE to
changes in food availability have been well-studied in
species in temperate zones during winter, but less so in
species enduring seasonal droughts. Likely mechanisms
regulating DEE involve adjustments of activity and
maintenance metabolism. Species that experience seasonal
droughts and changes in food availability, like the African
striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio), are appropriate model
organisms to study the regulation of seasonal changes of
DEE. We quantified DEE using the 'doubly labelled water'
method, measured resting metabolic rate (RMR), and
concomitantly determined activity levels using all-day focal
observations of 69 free-living striped mice in the cold
moist season with high food availability and the hot dry
season with low food availability. Striped mice decreased
their DEE in the food scarce dry season using multiple
mechanisms, especially reductions in RMR, and reduced
overall physical activity. This was further facilitated
passively by reduced thermoregulatory costs. Our study
demonstrates that animals reduce DEE via active and passive
mechanisms in food-restricted environments, and highlights
that several environmental factors should be considered
simultaneously when aiming to understand how animals cope
with harsh environments.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00360-018-1168-z},
Key = {fds346669}
}
@article{fds346670,
Author = {Pillay, N and Rimbach, R},
Title = {Protein deficiency decreases stereotypic behavior frequency
and prevalence and activity in the striped mouse Rhabdomys
dilectus chakae.},
Journal = {Developmental Psychobiology},
Volume = {60},
Number = {2},
Pages = {194-201},
Year = {2018},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dev.21587},
Abstract = {Diverse motivational triggers, including diet, elicit
stereotypic behavior. We investigated whether diets
comprised of different protein levels but similar levels of
energy were associated with the occurrence of locomotor
stereotypies in the striped mouse Rhabdomys dilectus chakae.
In a first experiment, 20 stereotypic and 20 non-stereotypic
(10 subjects per sex and per group) juvenile (40 days old)
subjects were placed on baseline (BP), high (HP) or low
protein (LP) diet treatments (120 subjects in total). All
subjects initially identified as stereotypic displayed
stereotypic behavior in the BP and HP treatments on Days
60-63 and Days 80-83 compared to 35% and 12.5% of LP
subjects, respectively. Moreover, LP subjects displayed
lower levels of activity and stereotypic behavior than BP
and HP subjects. Those identified as non-stereotypic never
displayed stereotypy. In a second experiment, 48
individuals, bred and reared on LP and whose parents were
stereotypic, were assigned to either HP (13 males, 12
females) or LP (12 males, 11 females) treatments at 50 days
of age for 30 days. Stereotypy was three times less likely
to occur in the LP than the HP treatment, and activity was
greater in LP-HP individuals than LP-LP individuals. In both
experiments, LP individuals had the lowest body mass.
Striped mice adjusted their behaviors in response to dietary
protein levels. Protein deficiency reduced activity and
stereotypic behavior and prevalence, possibly related to an
energy or neurological deficit.},
Doi = {10.1002/dev.21587},
Key = {fds346670}
}
@article{fds346671,
Author = {Rimbach, R and Jäger, J and Pillay, N and Schradin,
C},
Title = {Food Availability Is the Main Driver of Seasonal Changes in
Resting Metabolic Rate in African Striped Mice (Rhabdomys
pumilio).},
Journal = {Physiological and Biochemical Zoology : Pbz},
Volume = {91},
Number = {2},
Pages = {826-833},
Year = {2018},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/696828},
Abstract = {Resting metabolic rate (RMR) influences energy allocation to
survival, growth, and reproduction, and significant seasonal
changes in RMR have been reported. According to one
hypothesis, seasonal changes in RMR are mainly attributable
to seasonal changes in ambient temperature (T<sub>a</sub>)
and food availability. Studies on species from the temperate
zone indicated that food availability is the main driver.
However, whether this is generally true is unknown, because
studies from the tropics and subtropics, where most species
live, are rare. We studied the African striped mouse
(Rhabdomys pumilio) inhabiting a seasonal environment with
hot dry seasons with low food availability and cold moist
seasons with high food availability. Using 603 RMR
measurements of 277 individuals, we investigated the
relative importance of food availability and T<sub>a</sub>
on RMR during selected periods, in which one extrinsic
factor varied while the other factor was relatively
constant. At similar T<sub>a</sub>, residual RMR increased
with increasing levels of food availability. In contrast,
different T<sub>a</sub> did not influence residual RMR at
similar levels of food availability. Thus, our study on a
subtropical species gives support to the hypothesis, derived
from temperate zone species, that food availability mainly
drives seasonal changes in RMR.},
Doi = {10.1086/696828},
Key = {fds346671}
}
@article{fds346672,
Author = {Jäger, J and Schradin, C and Pillay, N and Rimbach,
R},
Title = {Active and explorative individuals are often restless and
excluded from studies measuring resting metabolic rate: Do
alternative metabolic rate measures offer a
solution?},
Journal = {Physiology & Behavior},
Volume = {174},
Pages = {57-66},
Year = {2017},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.02.037},
Abstract = {It has often been proposed that bolder, more explorative or
more active individuals also have a higher resting metabolic
rate (RMR), indicating metabolic costs of these personality
types. However, such individuals might often be restless and
thus excluded from RMR datasets, leading to a significant
sampling bias. We tested (1) whether such a bias occurs when
animals are measured for a relatively common but short time
period of 3h, and if so, (2) whether alternative measures of
metabolic rate, that allow the incorporation of non-resting
individuals, would reveal associations between metabolism
and personality. For this, we studied free-living
individuals of the African striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio)
both during the moist season (N=25 individuals) with high
food availability and the dry season (N=48 individuals) with
low food availability. We assessed variation in the latency
to explore a novel object, and the time spent active and
time spent in the centre of a neutral arena. We examined
links between personality and (i) RMR and (ii) four
alternative metabolic rate (MR) metrics: average MR, highest
MR, lowest MR and span of MR. Twenty-nine percent of the
measured individuals had to be excluded from our RMR study
because they remained restless during respirometry trials.
Striped mice showed a behavioural syndrome where fast
explorers also spent more time in centre and more time
active than slow explorers. Individuals that did not rest
during respirometry trials were faster explorers and in the
moist season, they were also more active and spent more time
in the centre than individuals that rested. We found no
relationship between RMR and the behavioural syndrome, which
might be due to the exclusion of individuals with a certain
behavioural type, leaving a subset of compliant individuals.
In the moist season, we found positive relationships between
the behavioural syndrome and span of MR and lowest MR. In
the dry season, low food availability may mask links between
the behavioural syndrome and alternative MR measures due to
reduced overall activity in striped mice. Our study
demonstrated the importance to consider personality when
measuring RMR and suggests that some alternative MRs may be
useful to examine relationships between metabolism and
personality when it is impossible to measure individuals
over extended time periods.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.02.037},
Key = {fds346672}
}
@article{fds346673,
Author = {Rimbach, R and Wastavino, M and Yuen, CH and Pillay, N and Schradin,
C},
Title = {Contrasting activity budgets of alternative reproductive
tactics in male striped mice},
Journal = {Journal of Zoology},
Volume = {301},
Number = {4},
Pages = {280-289},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12414},
Abstract = {To maximize their fitness, individuals of one sex can
display discrete reproductive phenotypes, called alternative
reproductive tactics (ARTs). Individuals following ARTs show
behavioural variation, which might result in differences in
energy intake and expenditure. However, few studies have
compared activity budgets and non-sexual behaviour of
individuals following ARTs in nature. We studied male
African striped mice Rhabdomys pumilio, which can follow
three ARTs: (1) breeding male of a group of females; (2)
philopatrics remaining in their natal group; or (3) solitary
living roamers. We predicted that each tactic is
characterized by its specific activity budget, representing
alternative energy trade-offs. We conducted focal animal
observations on 70 males following ARTs. Roamers had higher
travelling rates than philopatrics, and breeders had larger
daily range sizes compared to philopatrics but not roamers.
Philopatrics had higher foraging rates than breeders and
showed more socio-positive behaviour than roamers. Breeders
and philopatrics were in their nest more often than roamers,
potentially engaging in social interactions with other group
members. Roamers were chased off more often than breeders,
but the three tactics did not differ concerning rates of
socio-negative behaviour. Overall, philopatrics allocated
their time towards behaviours that would increase body mass
and survival probability, which could improve the
probability to switch to a tactic of higher reproductive
success. In contrast, breeders and roamers allocated their
time towards behaviours that would increase their chances to
mate. In conclusion, following ARTs results in contrasting
activity budgets that reflect the differences in
reproductive behaviours observed between
tactics.},
Doi = {10.1111/jzo.12414},
Key = {fds346673}
}
@article{fds346674,
Author = {Rimbach, R and Pillay, N and Schradin, C},
Title = {Both thyroid hormone levels and resting metabolic rate
decrease in African striped mice when food availability
decreases.},
Journal = {The Journal of Experimental Biology},
Volume = {220},
Number = {Pt 5},
Pages = {837-843},
Year = {2017},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.151449},
Abstract = {In response to variation in food availability and ambient
temperature (<i>T</i><sub>a</sub>), many animals show
seasonal adaptations in their physiology. Laboratory studies
showed that thyroid hormones are involved in the regulation
of metabolism, and their regulatory function is especially
important when the energy balance of an individual is
compromised. However, little is known about the relationship
between thyroid hormones and metabolism in free-living
animals and animals inhabiting seasonal environments. Here,
we studied seasonal changes in triiodothyronine
(T<sub>3</sub>) levels, resting metabolic rate (RMR) and two
physiological markers of energy balance (blood glucose and
ketone bodies) in 61 free-living African striped mice
(<i>Rhabdomys pumilio</i>) that live in an semi-arid
environment with food shortage during the dry season. We
predicted a positive relationship between T<sub>3</sub>
levels and RMR. Further, we predicted higher T<sub>3</sub>
levels, blood glucose levels and RMR, but lower ketone body
concentrations, during the moist season when food
availability is high compared with summer when food
availability is low. RMR and T<sub>3</sub> levels were
negatively related in the moist season but not in the dry
season. Both RMR and T<sub>3</sub> levels were higher in the
moist than in the dry season, and T<sub>3</sub> levels
increased with increasing food availability. In the dry
season, blood glucose levels were lower but ketone body
concentrations were higher, indicating a change in substrate
use. Seasonal adjustments in RMR and T<sub>3</sub> levels
permit a reduction of energy expenditure when food is
scarce, and reflect an adaptive response to reduced food
availability in the dry season.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.151449},
Key = {fds346674}
}
@article{fds346675,
Author = {Rimbach, R and Willigenburg, R and Schoepf, I and Yuen, CH and Pillay,
N and Schradin, C},
Title = {Young But Not Old Adult African Striped Mice Reduce Their
Activity in the Dry Season When Food Availability is
Low},
Journal = {Ethology},
Volume = {122},
Number = {10},
Pages = {828-840},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eth.12527},
Abstract = {An individual′s survival and fitness depend on its ability
to effectively allocate its time between competing
behaviors. Sex, social tactic, season and food availability
are important factors influencing activity budgets. However,
few field studies have tested their influences. The African
striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio) lives in highly seasonal
habitats in southern Africa, and individuals can adopt
different social tactics. We investigated seasonal changes
in activity budgets of different tactics and predicted that
individuals will reduce their activity in the non-breeding
season to save energy when food availability is low and that
young non-breeding adults (‘philopatrics’) invest mainly
in activities related to gaining body mass to increase
survival probability. We predicted old adults
(‘breeders’), which bred during the previous breeding
season, to invest mainly in maintenance of their social
status. We conducted 90 focal observations during the
non-breeding season and 73 during the breeding season.
Activity budgets of striped mice were season and tactic
specific, with philopatrics, but not breeders, reducing
activity when food availability was low, possibly to
decrease energy expenditure. Philopatrics of both sexes
foraged and basked more in the breeding season than during
the non-breeding season. Male philopatrics gained body mass
and female philopatrics maintained their body mass in both
seasons. Sex-specific differences occurred during the
breeding season, when female breeders foraged more than male
breeders, while male breeders chased other individuals more
than female breeders. These findings indicate that
individuals adopting different social tactics display
distinct behaviors to fulfill tactic-specific energetic
needs.},
Doi = {10.1111/eth.12527},
Key = {fds346675}
}
@article{fds346676,
Author = {Pillay, N and Rimbach, R and Rymer, T},
Title = {Pre- and postnatal dietary protein deficiency influences
anxiety, memory and social behaviour in the African striped
mouse Rhabdomys dilectus chakae.},
Journal = {Physiology & Behavior},
Volume = {161},
Pages = {38-46},
Year = {2016},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.04.015},
Abstract = {Dietary protein deficiency influences the behavioural
phenotypes of mammals. We studied whether protein deficiency
during gestation and/or post-weaning heightened anxiety,
reduced memory recall and influenced competitive ability in
the African striped mouse Rhabdomys dilectus chakae. Mice
were subjected to five protein diet treatments, which they
received continuously, or were raised on one diet to weaning
and switched to an alternate diet post-weaning (Day 16): 1)
HP-HP: high protein (24%); first letter pair indicates
maternal diet and the second pair indicates offspring diet
post-weaning; 2) BP-BP: baseline protein (19%); 3) LP-LP:
low protein (10%); 4) HP-LP: switched from high to low
protein diet; and 5) LP-HP: switched from low protein to
high protein diet. From Day 70, when mice were sexually
mature, 20 individuals (10 males, 10 females) per treatment
were subjected to three successive experiments, in which we
tested their anxiety responses in: 1) an open field arena
(time spent in the centre of the open field); 2) novel
object recognition (time spent exploring a novel object);
and 3) social interactions (excluding BP-BP) in age-matched
same-sex dyadic encounters (aggressive, amicable and
avoidance behaviours). LP-LP and LP-HP treatment mice spent
the least amount of time in the centre of the open field,
did not demonstrate object preference compared to the other
treatments, and were the most aggressive in dyadic
encounters. Our study shows that the systemic effects of
protein-deficient diets during early life shapes the
behavioural phenotype in R. d. chakae, possibly through
early organisation of neuro-biological pathways or
competition among littermates.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.04.015},
Key = {fds346676}
}
@article{fds346677,
Author = {Rimbach, R and Bisanzio, D and Galvis, N and Link, A and Di Fiore and A and Gillespie, TR},
Title = {Brown spider monkeys (Ateles hybridus): a model for
differentiating the role of social networks and physical
contact on parasite transmission dynamics.},
Journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological Sciences},
Volume = {370},
Number = {1669},
Year = {2015},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0110},
Abstract = {Elevated risk of disease transmission is considered a major
cost of sociality, although empirical evidence supporting
this idea remains scant. Variation in spatial cohesion and
the occurrence of social interactions may have profound
implications for patterns of interindividual parasite
transmission. We used a social network approach to shed
light on the importance of different aspects of group-living
(i.e. within-group associations versus physical contact) on
patterns of parasitism in a neotropical primate, the brown
spider monkey (Ateles hybridus), which exhibits a high
degree of fission-fusion subgrouping. We used daily subgroup
composition records to create a 'proximity' network, and
built a separate 'contact' network using social interactions
involving physical contact. In the proximity network,
connectivity between individuals was homogeneous, whereas
the contact network highlighted high between-individual
variation in the extent to which animals had physical
contact with others, which correlated with an individual's
age and sex. The gastrointestinal parasite species richness
of highly connected individuals was greater than that of
less connected individuals in the contact network, but not
in the proximity network. Our findings suggest that among
brown spider monkeys, physical contact impacts the spread of
several common parasites and supports the idea that pathogen
transmission is one cost associated with social
contact.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2014.0110},
Key = {fds346677}
}
@article{fds346678,
Author = {Nel, K and Rimbach, R and Pillay, N},
Title = {Dietary protein influences the life-history characteristics
across generations in the African striped mouse
Rhabdomys.},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological Genetics
and Physiology},
Volume = {323},
Number = {2},
Pages = {97-108},
Year = {2015},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.1903},
Abstract = {The level of dietary protein determines the onset of
reproduction, affects offspring growth and maturation, and
hence influences life-history traits and fitness. However,
to date, the long-term life-history consequences of protein
deficiency are not well understood. We studied the
transgenerational effects of different levels of dietary
protein on the life-history and level of maternal behavior
of the striped mouse Rhabdomys dilectus chakae in captivity.
Breeding pairs were assigned to three treatments based on
the percentage of dietary protein: baseline (BP; 19%); high
protein (HP; 24%); and low protein (LP; 10%). Reproductive
output and offspring ontogeny was diminished in the LP
treatment compared to the other treatments.
Transgenerational effects were studied by breeding F2
females raised on the LP or HP diets on the same (HP-HP,
LP-LP) or altered diets (HP-LP, LP-HP). The LP-LP treatment
had no reproductive success, while reproductive capacity in
the remaining treatments was determined mainly by the diet
of mothers at breeding. Pups from protein-restricted females
(LP, HP-LP) showed post-weaning compensatory growth. Timing
of sexual maturity was age-dependent in female and
mass-dependent in male offspring. Females fed low protein
diets during breeding (LP, HP-LP) displayed lower levels of
maternal behavior than females from the other treatments.
This study demonstrates that the level of dietary protein
influences the life-history of R. d. chakae in predictable
ways. The taxon responds to changes in dietary protein at
breeding, largely regardless of its nutrition during
rearing. Such phenotypic flexibility in life-history
parameters allows Rhabdomys to adaptively respond to
unpredictable environmental changes.},
Doi = {10.1002/jez.1903},
Key = {fds346678}
}
@article{fds346679,
Author = {Rimbach, R and Link, A and Montes-Rojas, A and Di Fiore and A and Heistermann, M and Heymann, EW},
Title = {Behavioral and physiological responses to fruit availability
of spider monkeys ranging in a small forest
fragment.},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {76},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1049-1061},
Year = {2014},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22292},
Abstract = {Numerous animal species currently experience habitat loss
and fragmentation. This might result in behavioral and
dietary adjustments, especially because fruit availability
is frequently reduced in fragments. Food scarcity can result
in elevated physiological stress levels, and chronic stress
often has detrimental effects on individuals. Some animal
species exhibit a high degree of fission-fusion dynamics,
and theory predicts that these species reduce intragroup
feeding competition by modifying their subgroup size
according to resource availability. Until now, however,
there have been few studies on how species with such
fission-fission dynamics adjust their grouping patterns and
social behavior in small fragments or on how food
availability influences their stress levels. We collected
data on fruit availability, feeding behavior, stress hormone
levels (measured through fecal glucocorticoid metabolites
(FGCM)), subgroup size, and aggression for two groups of
brown spider monkeys (Ateles hybridus) in a small forest
fragment in Colombia and examined whether fruit availability
influences these variables. Contrary to our predictions,
spider monkeys ranged in smaller subgroups, had higher FGCM
levels and higher aggression rates when fruit availability
was high compared to when it was low. The atypical grouping
pattern of the study groups seems to be less effective at
mitigating contest competition over food resources than more
typical fission-fusion patterns. Overall, our findings
illustrate that the relationship between resource
availability, grouping patterns, aggression rates, and
stress levels can be more complex than assumed thus far.
Additional studies are needed to investigate the long-term
consequences on the health and persistence of spider monkeys
in fragmented habitats.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.22292},
Key = {fds346679}
}
@article{fds346680,
Author = {Rimbach, R and Heymann, EW and Link, A and Heistermann,
M},
Title = {Validation of an enzyme immunoassay for assessing
adrenocortical activity and evaluation of factors that
affect levels of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites in two New
World primates.},
Journal = {General and Comparative Endocrinology},
Volume = {191},
Pages = {13-23},
Year = {2013},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.05.010},
Abstract = {Non-invasive methods to assess stress hormone output via
fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGCMs) have become a
powerful tool in behavioral studies and conservation biology
because they allow exploring the link between behavior, an
animal's socio-ecological environment and its adrenocortical
activity. However, FGCM levels are influenced by numerous
other factors which often confound their interpretation.
Thus, before applying these methods, knowledge on the impact
of these factors is important. In this study we investigated
the effect of (1) time of day, (2) age, (3) sex and (4)
female reproductive state on FGCM levels in brown spider
monkeys (Ateles hybridus) and red howler monkeys (Alouatta
seniculus). Initially, we validated a 11β-hydroxyetiocholanolone
enzyme immunoassay for monitoring the physiological stress
response via fecal analysis in both species. We determined
FGCM levels in fecal samples collected from two and six
groups of wild spider monkeys (n=461 samples) and howler
monkeys (n=166 samples), respectively. Our analyses revealed
a strong effect of time of day on FGCM levels in spider
monkeys, but no effect in howler monkeys. Adults of both
species had significantly higher FGCM levels than subadults.
In neither of the two species we found a sex-effect on FGCM
output. Reproductive condition strongly affected FGCM levels
in female spider monkeys which showed increasing
concentrations with progressing gestation. This was not
investigated in female howler monkeys due to an insufficient
sample size. Our data indicate that the influence of the
tested factors on fecal glucocorticoid metabolite output is
species-specific, and that these variables need to be
considered when interpreting FGCM levels in the
species.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.05.010},
Key = {fds346680}
}
@article{fds346681,
Author = {Rimbach, R and Link, A and Heistermann, M and Gómez-Posada, C and Galvis, N and Heymann, EW},
Title = {Effects of logging, hunting, and forest fragment size on
physiological stress levels of two sympatric ateline
primates in Colombia.},
Journal = {Conservation Physiology},
Volume = {1},
Number = {1},
Pages = {cot031},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/conphys/cot031},
Abstract = {Habitat fragmentation and anthropogenic disturbances are of
major concern to the conservation of endangered species
because of their potentially negative impact on animal
populations. Both processes can impose physiological stress
(i.e. increased glucocorticoid output) on animals, and
chronically elevated stress levels can have detrimental
effects on the long-term viability of animal populations.
Here, we investigated the effect of fragment size and human
impact (logging and hunting pressure) on glucocorticoid
levels of two sympatric Neotropical primates, the red howler
monkey (Alouatta seniculus) and the critically endangered
brown spider monkey (Ateles hybridus). These two species
have been reported to contrast strongly in their ability to
cope with anthropogenic disturbances. We collected faecal
samples from eight spider monkey groups and 31 howler monkey
groups, living in seven and 10 different forest fragments in
Colombia, respectively. We measured faecal glucocorticoid
metabolite (FGCM) levels in both species using previously
validated methods. Surprisingly, fragment size did not
influence FGCM levels in either species. Spider monkeys
showed elevated FGCMs in fragments with the highest level of
human impact, whereas we did not find this effect in howler
monkeys. This suggests that the two species differ in their
physiological responsiveness to anthropogenic changes,
further emphasizing why brown spider monkeys are at higher
extinction risk than red howler monkeys. If these
anthropogenic disturbances persist in the long term,
elevated FGCM levels can potentially lead to a state of
chronic stress, which might limit the future viability of
populations. We propose that FGCM measurements should be
used as a tool to monitor populations living in disturbed
areas and to assess the success of conservation strategies,
such as corridors connecting forest fragments.},
Doi = {10.1093/conphys/cot031},
Key = {fds346681}
}
@article{fds346682,
Author = {Rimbach, R and Pardo-Martinez, A and Montes-Rojas, A and Di Fiore and A and Link, A},
Title = {Interspecific infanticide and infant-directed aggression by
spider monkeys (Ateles hybridus) in a fragmented forest in
Colombia.},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {74},
Number = {11},
Pages = {990-997},
Year = {2012},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22052},
Abstract = {Interspecific aggression amongst nonhuman primates is rarely
observed and has been mostly related to scenarios of
resource competition. Interspecific infanticide is even
rarer, and both the ultimate and proximate socio-ecological
factors explaining this behavior are still unclear. We
report two cases of interspecific infanticide and five cases
of interspecific infant-directed aggression occurring in a
well-habituated primate community living in a fragmented
landscape in Colombia. All cases were initiated by male
brown spider monkeys (Ateles hybridus) and were directed
toward infants of either red howler monkeys (Alouatta
seniculus: n = 6 cases) or white-fronted capuchins (Cebus
albifrons: n = 1 case). One individual, a subadult spider
monkey male, was involved in all but one case of
interspecific infanticide or aggression. Other adult spider
monkeys participated in interspecific aggression that did
not escalate into potentially lethal encounters. We suggest
that competition for food resources and space in a primate
community living in high population densities and restricted
to a forest fragment of ca. 65 ha might partly be driving
the observed patterns of interspecific aggression. On the
other hand, the fact that all but one case of interspecific
infanticide and aggression involved the only subadult male
spider monkey suggests this behavior might either be
pathological or constitute a particular case of redirected
aggression. Even if the underlying principles behind
interspecific aggression and infanticide are poorly
understood, they represent an important factor influencing
the demographic trends of the primate community at this
study site.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.22052},
Key = {fds346682}
}
%% Rosati, Alexandra G.
@article{fds206782,
Author = {Rosati, A.G. and Hare, B},
Title = {Decision-making across social contexts: competition
increases preferences for risk in chimpanzees and
bonobos},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {84},
Pages = {869-879},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds206782}
}
@article{fds195272,
Author = {MacLean, E. and Matthews, L.J. and Hare, B. and Nunn, C.L. and Anderson, R.C. and Aureli, F. and Brannon, E.M. and Call, J. and Drea, C.M. and Emery, N.J. and Haun, D.B.M. and Herrmann, E. and Jacobs, L.J. and Platt, M.L. and Rosati, A.G. and Sandel, A.R. and Schroepfer, K.K. and Seed, A.M. and Tan, J. and van Schaik, C.P. and Wobber,
V},
Title = {How does cognition evolve? Phylogenetic comparative
psychology},
Journal = {Animal Cognition},
Volume = {15},
Pages = {223-238},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds195272}
}
@misc{fds195273,
Author = {Warneken, F. and Rosati, A.G},
Title = {Early social cognition: How psychological mechanism can
inform models of decision-making},
Journal = {To appear in: Evolving the mechanisms of decision making:
toward a Darwinian decision theory. Strüngmann Forum
Reports, vol. 11, P. Hammerstein & J.R. Stevens
(eds.)},
Series = {Strüngmann Forum Reports, vol. 11},
Publisher = {MIT Press},
Address = {Cambridge, MA},
Editor = {P. Hammerstein and J. R. Stevens},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds195273}
}
@article{fds205704,
Author = {Rosati, A.G. and Herrmann, E. and Kaminski, J. and Krupenye, C. and Melis, A.P. and Schroepfer, K. and Tan, J. and Warneken, F. and Wobber, V. and Hare, B},
Title = {Assessing the psychological health of captive and wild apes:
A response to Ferdowsian et al. (2011)},
Journal = {Journal of Comparative Psychology},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds205704}
}
@article{fds205705,
Author = {Rosati, A.G. and Hare, B},
Title = {Chimpanzees and bonobos exhibit divergent spatial memory
development},
Journal = {Development Science},
Volume = {15},
Pages = {840-853},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds205705}
}
@article{fds196011,
Author = {Schroepfer, K.K. and Rosati, A.G. and Chartrand, T. and Hare,
B},
Title = {Use of “entertainment” chimpanzees in commercials
distorts public perception regarding their conservation
status},
Journal = {PLoS One},
Volume = {6},
Pages = {e26048},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds196011}
}
@article{fds180908,
Author = {Stevens, J.R. and Rosati, A.G. and Heilbronner, S.R. and Muehlhoff,
N},
Title = {Waiting for grapes: Expectancy and delayed gratification in
bonobos},
Journal = {International Journal of Comparative Psychology},
Volume = {24},
Pages = {99-111},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds180908}
}
@article{fds181691,
Author = {Rosati, A.G. and Hare, B},
Title = {Chimpanzees and bonobos distinguish between risk and
ambiguity},
Journal = {Biology Letters},
Volume = {7},
Pages = {15-18},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds181691}
}
@article{fds164124,
Author = {Hare, B. and Rosati, A.G. and Kaminski, J. and Braeuer, J. and Call, J. and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The domestication hypothesis for dogs' skills with human
communication: A response to Udell et al. (2008) and Wynne
et al. (2008)},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {79},
Pages = {e1-e6},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds164124}
}
@misc{fds164130,
Author = {Rosati, A.G. and Hare, B},
Title = {Social cognition: From behavior-reading to
mind-reading},
Journal = {In: The Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience, G. Koob, R.
F. Thompson, and M. Le Moal (Eds.). Elsevier},
Pages = {pp. 263-268},
Publisher = {Elsevier},
Editor = {G. Koob and R. F. Thompson and M. Le Moal},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds164130}
}
@misc{fds164886,
Author = {Rosati, A.G. and Santos, L.R. and Hare, B},
Title = {Primate social cognition: Thirty years after Premack and
Woodruff},
Journal = {In: Primate Neuroethology, A. Ghazanfar and M. Platt (Eds.).
Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 117-143},
Editor = {A. Ghazanfar and M. Platt},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds164886}
}
@article{fds164132,
Author = {Venkatramen, V. and Rosati, A.G. and Taren, A. and Huettell,
S},
Title = {Resolving response, decision and strategic control: Evidence
for a functional topography in dorsomedial prefrontal
cortex},
Journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
Volume = {29},
Pages = {13158-13164},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds164132}
}
@misc{fds161774,
Author = {Rosati, A.G. and Stevens, J.R},
Title = {Rational decisions: the adaptive nature of context-dependent
choice},
Journal = {In: Rational Animals, Irrational Humans. S. Watanabe, A.P.
Blaisdell, L. Huber, & A. Young (Eds.). Keio University
Press},
Pages = {pp. 101-117},
Publisher = {Keio University Press},
Editor = {S. Watanabe and A.P. Blaisdell and L. Huber and A.
Young},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds161774}
}
@article{fds164125,
Author = {Rosati, A.G. and Hare, B},
Title = {Looking past the model species: diversity in gaze
following-skills across primates},
Journal = {Current Opinion in Neurobiology},
Volume = {19},
Pages = {45-51},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds164125}
}
@article{fds164126,
Author = {Heilbronner, S.R. and Rosati, A.G. and Stevens, J.R. and Hare, B. and Hauser, M.D},
Title = {A fruit in the hand or two in the bush? Divergent risk
preferences in chimpanzees and bonobos},
Journal = {Biology Letters},
Volume = {4},
Pages = {246-249},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds164126}
}
@article{fds164127,
Author = {Rosati, A.G. and Stevens, J.R. and Hare, B. and Hauser,
M.D},
Title = {The evolutionary origins of human patience: Temporal
preferences in chimpanzees, bonobos, and human
adults},
Journal = {Current Biology},
Volume = {17},
Pages = {1663-1668},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds164127}
}
@article{fds164128,
Author = {Rosati, A.G. and Stevens, J.R. and Hauser, M.D},
Title = {The effect of handling time on temporal discounting in two
New World primates},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {71},
Pages = {1379-87},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds164128}
}
@article{fds164129,
Author = {Stevens, J.R. and Rosati, A.G. and Ross, K. and Hauser,
M.D},
Title = {Will travel for food: spatial discounting in two New World
monkeys},
Journal = {Current Biology},
Volume = {15},
Pages = {1855-1860},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds164129}
}
@article{fds164131,
Author = {Santos, L.R. and Rosati, A. and Spaulding, B. and Sproul, C. and Hauser, M.D},
Title = {Means-means-end tool choice in cotton-top tamarins
(Sanguinus Oedipus): finding the limits on primates’
knowledge of tools},
Journal = {Animal Cognition},
Volume = {8},
Pages = {236-246},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds164131}
}
%% Roth, V. Louise
@article{fds357979,
Author = {Roston, RA and Roth, VL},
Title = {Different transformations underlie blowhole and nasal
passage development in a toothed whale (Odontoceti: Stenella
attenuata) and a baleen whale (Mysticeti: Balaenoptera
physalus).},
Journal = {Journal of anatomy},
Volume = {239},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1141-1156},
Year = {2021},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joa.13492},
Abstract = {Reorientation of the nasal passage away from the
anteroposterior axis has evolved rarely in mammals. Unlike
other mammals, cetaceans (e.g., whales, dolphins, and
porpoises) have evolved a "blowhole": posteriorly
repositioned nares that open dorsad. Accompanying the
evolution of the blowhole, the nasal passage has rotated
dorsally. Neonatal cetaceans possess a blowhole, but early
in development, cetacean embryos exhibit head morphologies
that resemble those of other mammals. Previous workers have
proposed two developmental models for how the nasal passage
reorients during prenatal ontogeny. In one model, which
focused on external changes in the whole body, dorsad
rotation of the head relative to the body results in dorsad
rotation of the nasal passage relative to the body. A second
model, based on details of the cartilaginous nasal skull,
describes dorsad rotation of the nasal passage itself
relative to the palate and longitudinal axis of the skull.
To integrate and revise these models, we characterized both
external and internal prenatal changes in a longitudinal
plane that are relevant to nasal passage orientation in the
body and head of the pantropical spotted dolphin
(Odontoceti: Stenella attenuata). These changes were then
compared to those in a prenatal series of a baleen whale,
the fin whale (Mysticeti: Balaenoptera physalus), to
determine if they were representative of both extant
cetacean suborders. In both species, the angle between the
nasal passage and the sagittal axis of the foramen magnum
decreased with age. In S. attenuata, this was associated
with basicranial retroflexion and midfacial lordosis: the
skull appeared to fold dorsad with the presphenoid as the
vertex of the angle. In contrast, in B. physalus, alignment
of the nasal passage and the sagittal axis of the plane of
the foramen magnum was associated with angular changes
within the posterior skull (specifically, the orientations
of the supraoccipital and foramen magnum relative to the
posterior basicranium). With these results, we propose a new
developmental model for prenatal reorientation of the
odontocete nasal passage and discuss ways in which
mysticetes likely deviate from this model.},
Doi = {10.1111/joa.13492},
Key = {fds357979}
}
@article{fds353981,
Author = {Roston, RA and Roth, VL},
Title = {Different developmental transformations underly blowhole
orientation in a toothed whale (Odontoceti: Stenella
attenuata) and a baleen whale (Mysticeti:
Balaenoptera physalus)},
Journal = {The FASEB Journal},
Volume = {34},
Number = {S1},
Pages = {1-1},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2020},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.06553},
Abstract = {<jats:p>Although the external bony nares have become
posteriorly repositioned in the evolution of numerous groups
of mammals (e.g. elephants, tapirs), reorientation of the
nasal passage away from the anteroposterior axis has evolved
rarely. In cetacean (whale, dolphin, porpoise) evolution,
dorsoventral reorientation of the nasal passage along with
extreme posteriad repositioning of the nares formed a
“blowhole.” Despite the presence of a blowhole at birth,
early cetacean fetuses exhibit head morphologies that
resemble those of other mammals. Two distinct but
non‐competing developmental models have been proposed for
how the nasal passage reorients into a blowhole. In one
model, which focused on external changes in the whole body,
nasal passage reorientation was described in terms of dorsad
rotation of the head during prenatal growth (Pilleri and
Wandeler, 1962). A second, focusing on the nasal skull,
noted that the nasal passage itself changes orientation
relative to the palate and longitudinal axis of the skull
(Klima, 1995, 1999). To integrate and revise these models,
we used photos and CT scans of fetal growth series to
characterize morphological, allometric, and angular changes
within the head in representatives of the two extant
cetacean suborders: a toothed whale, the pantropical spotted
dolphin (Odontoceti: <jats:italic>Stenella
attenuata</jats:italic>), and a baleen whale, the fin whale
(Mysticeti: <jats:italic>Balaenoptera physalus</jats:italic>).
In both fetal series, the angle between the nasal passage
and the sagittal axis of the foramen magnum decreased with
age, but this trend accompanied different morphological
changes. In <jats:italic>S. attenuata</jats:italic>, the
angle between the palate and basicranium flattened in
association with facial lordosis and basicranial
retroflexion in the region of the presphenoid. Basicranial
retroflexion was not observed in <jats:italic>B.
physalu</jats:italic>s; rather, alignment of the nasal
passage and the sagittal axis of foramen magnum accompanied
anteriad tilting of the occipital bone. With these results,
we propose a new developmental model, differing in its
specifics for a toothed and a baleen whale, for the
reorientations that produce the blowhole.</jats:p>},
Doi = {10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.06553},
Key = {fds353981}
}
@article{fds351134,
Author = {Roston, RA and Roth, VL},
Title = {Cetacean Skull Telescoping Brings Evolution of Cranial
Sutures into Focus.},
Journal = {Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)},
Volume = {302},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1055-1073},
Year = {2019},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.24079},
Abstract = {Many modifications to the mammalian bauplan associated with
the obligate aquatic lives of cetaceans-fusiform bodies,
flukes, flippers, and blowholes-are evident at a glance. But
among the most strikingly unusual and divergent features of
modern cetacean anatomy are the arrangements of their
cranial bones: (1) bones that are situated at opposite ends
of the skull in other mammals are positioned close together,
their proximity resulting from (2) these bones extensively
overlapping the bones that ordinarily would separate them.
The term "telescoping" is commonly used to describe the odd
anatomy of modern cetacean skulls, yet its usage and the
particular skull features to which it refers vary widely.
Placing the term in historical and biological context, this
review offers an explicit definition of telescoping that
includes the two criteria enumerated above. Defining
telescoping in this way draws attention to many specific
biological questions that are raised by the unusual anatomy
of cetacean skulls; highlights the central role of sutures
as the locus for changes in the sizes, shapes, mechanical
properties, and connectivity of cranial bones; and
emphasizes the importance of sutures in skull development
and evolution. The unusual arrangements of cranial bones and
sutures referred to as telescoping are not easily explained
by what is known about cranial development in more
conventional mammals. Discovering the evolutionary-developmental
processes that produce the extensive overlap characteristic
of cetacean telescoping will give insights into both
cetacean evolution and the "rules" that more generally
govern mammalian skull function, development, and evolution.
Anat Rec, 302:1055-1073, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.24079},
Key = {fds351134}
}
@article{fds325135,
Author = {Badgley, C and Smiley, TM and Terry, R and Davis, EB and DeSantis, LRG and Fox, DL and Hopkins, SSB and Jezkova, T and Matocq, MD and Matzke, N and McGuire, JL and Mulch, A and Riddle, BR and Roth, VL and Samuels, JX and Strömberg, CAE and Yanites, BJ},
Title = {Biodiversity and Topographic Complexity: Modern and
Geohistorical Perspectives.},
Journal = {Trends in ecology & evolution},
Volume = {32},
Number = {3},
Pages = {211-226},
Year = {2017},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2016.12.010},
Abstract = {Topographically complex regions on land and in the oceans
feature hotspots of biodiversity that reflect geological
influences on ecological and evolutionary processes. Over
geologic time, topographic diversity gradients wax and wane
over millions of years, tracking tectonic or climatic
history. Topographic diversity gradients from the present
day and the past can result from the generation of species
by vicariance or from the accumulation of species from
dispersal into a region with strong environmental gradients.
Biological and geological approaches must be integrated to
test alternative models of diversification along topographic
gradients. Reciprocal illumination among phylogenetic,
phylogeographic, ecological, paleontological, tectonic, and
climatic perspectives is an emerging frontier of
biogeographic research.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2016.12.010},
Key = {fds325135}
}
@article{fds351135,
Author = {Roston, RA and Yamato, M and Roth, VL},
Title = {Bone overlap (telescoping) and the role of the basicranium
in reorientation of the nasal passage in cetacean
skulls},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {57},
Pages = {E391-E391},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2017},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds351135}
}
@article{fds230396,
Author = {Hoehn, KB and Harnik, PG and Roth, VL},
Title = {A framework for detecting natural selection on traits above
the species level},
Journal = {Methods in Ecology and Evolution},
Volume = {7},
Number = {3},
Pages = {331-339},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Editor = {Freckleton, R},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {2041-210X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12461},
Abstract = {To what extent can natural selection act on groupings above
the species level? Despite extensive theoretical discussion
and growing practical concerns over increased rates of
global ecological turnover, the question has largely evaded
empirical resolution. A flexible and robust
hypothesis-testing framework for detecting the phenomenon
could facilitate significant progress in resolving this
issue. We introduce a permutation-based approach,
implemented in the R package perspectev, which provides an
explicit test of whether empirical patterns of correlation
between upper level trait values and survivorship are
reducible to correlations manifested at lower levels. The
package is applicable to virtually any nested set of upper-
and lower level groupings, a wide variety of upper level
traits, and both historical and contemporary occurrence
data. We apply this approach to five paleontological data
sets that represent different magnitudes of extinction and
differ in taxonomic breadth, geological timing and
geographic extent. Using simulations, we demonstrate that
this method is a robust means of detecting irreducibility in
the relationship between upper level traits and
survivorship, and outline circumstances in which the method
is less effective. We also find evidence consistent with
previous findings of selection above the species level for
geographic range size in North American K-Pg molluscs and
show that this phenomenon was evident for the same molluscan
genera globally. Ultimately, we conclude that at certain
points in history, some higher level taxonomic groups have
survived differentially with respect to geographic range
size in a manner that is not explained by the same trait at
the species level, and we show that evidence for this
phenomenon varies across taxa and extinction events. We
release our method as a flexible and easy-to-use R package
that will allow others to help determine the relative
frequency of this macroevolutionary phenomenon, both in the
fossil record and in estimates of contemporary extinction
risk.},
Doi = {10.1111/2041-210X.12461},
Key = {fds230396}
}
@article{fds230397,
Author = {Van Valkenburgh and B and Hayward, MW and Ripple, WJ and Meloro, C and Roth, VL},
Title = {The impact of large terrestrial carnivores on Pleistocene
ecosystems},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {113},
Number = {4},
Pages = {862-867},
Year = {2016},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1502554112/-/DCSupplemental},
Abstract = {Large mammalian terrestrial herbivores, such as elephants,
have dramatic effects on the ecosystems they inhabit and at
high population densities their environmental impacts can be
devastating. Pleistocene terrestrial ecosystems included a
much greater diversity of megaherbivores (e.g., mammoths,
mastodons, giant ground sloths) and thus a greater potential
for widespread habitat degradation if population sizes were
not limited. Nevertheless, based on modern observations, it
is generally believed that populations of megaherbivores
(>800 kg) are largely immune to the effects of predation and
this perception has been extended into the Pleistocene.
However, as shown here, the species richness of big
carnivores was greater in the Pleistocene and many of them
were significantly larger than their modern counterparts.
Fossil evidence suggests that interspecific competition
among carnivores was relatively intense and reveals that
some individuals specialized in consuming megaherbivores. To
estimate the potential impact of Pleistocene large
carnivores, we use both historic and modern data on
predator-prey body mass relationships to predict size ranges
of their typical and maximum prey when hunting as
individuals and in groups. These prey size ranges are then
compared with estimates of juvenile and subadult
proboscidean body sizes derived from extant elephant growth
data. Young proboscideans at their most vulnerable age fall
within the predicted prey size ranges of many of the
Pleistocene carnivores. Predation on juveniles can have a
greater impact on megaherbivores because of their long
interbirth intervals, and consequently, we argue that
Pleistocene carnivores had the capacity to, and likely did,
limit megaherbivore population sizes. Link to supplemental
information.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1502554112},
Key = {fds230397}
}
@article{fds230408,
Author = {Durst, PAP and Roth, VL},
Title = {Mainland size variation informs predictive models of
exceptional insular body size change in rodents},
Journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological
Sciences},
Volume = {282},
Number = {1810},
Year = {2015},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0962-8452},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10232 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {The tendency for island populations of mammalian taxa to
diverge in body size from their mainland counterparts
consistently in particular directions is both impressive for
its regularity and, especially among rodents, troublesome
for its exceptions. However, previous studies have largely
ignored mainland body size variation, treating size
differences of any magnitude as equally noteworthy. Here, we
use distributions of mainland population body sizes to
identify island populations as ‘extremely’ big or small,
and we compare traits of extreme populations and their
islands with those of island populations more typical in
body size. We find that although insular rodents vary in the
directions of body size change, ‘extreme’ populations
tend towards gigantism. With classification tree methods, we
develop a predictive model, which points to resource
limitations as major drivers in the few cases of insular
dwarfism. Highly successful in classifying our dataset, our
model also successfully predicts change in untested
cases.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2015.0239},
Key = {fds230408}
}
@article{fds230407,
Author = {Roth, VL and Mercer, JM},
Title = {Themes and variation in sciurid evolution},
Pages = {221-245},
Booktitle = {Evolution of the Rodents: Advances in Phylogenetics,
Functional Morphology and Development},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Cox, PG and Hautier, L},
Year = {2015},
ISBN = {9781107044333},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107360150.009},
Abstract = {With a species diversity approaching 300 (Thorington and
Hoffmann, 2005) and nearly worldwide in their distribution,
squirrels are common and important elements of many
ecological communities. The diurnal habits of most taxa
together with their relative conformity in body plan make
them familiar and easily recognized by both scientists and
non-specialists. The squirrel family, Sciuridae, also has a
long history of recognition by taxonomists as a coherent
grouping, despite its comprising distinctive forms
associated with use of different locomotor substrates (Table
8.1). At times, burrowing or gliding forms have been
separated from the archetypal arboreal squirrels: Fischer de
Waldheim (1817), the authority credited for naming the
Sciuridae (Thorington and Hoffmann, 2005), advocated use of
limb structure in recognizing groups of mammals, and
accordingly, he removed flying squirrels (‘Petauristus’,
Fischer de Waldheim, 1817: p. 422) to another ‘Division’
apart from ‘Familia Sciuriorum’ (p. 408), even though
Linnaeus had placed flying squirrels together with tree and
some ground squirrels under SCIURUS (Linnaeus, 1758: pp.
63-64; see Table 8.1). Woodchucks and marmots have also
posed something of a problem, to Linnaeus (1758:p. 60), who
listed them under ‘MUS’, and to many subsequent authors
who also set them apart from other sciurids. However, by
late 1839 (according to Brandt, 1855: p. 106, and Alston,
1876: p. 62) all of these animals had been combined by
Waterhouse to form a version of Sciuridae that would be
congruent with the modern concept of the family. Along the
way, dormice (referred to as ‘Myoxus’) have often crept
into lists of squirrels (e.g. Fischer de Waldheim, 1817, but
not those of Linnaeus before him or Brandt subsequently),
both their exclusion and their inclusion foreshadowing
current views based on molecular evidence that dormice are
distinct from sciurids but have closer affinities with them
(plus aplodontids) than with other rodent families (e.g.
Blanga-Kanfi et al., 2009; Churakov et al., 2010; Fabre et
al., 2012).},
Doi = {10.1017/CBO9781107360150.009},
Key = {fds230407}
}
@article{fds230406,
Author = {Roth, VL},
Title = {Macroecology of animal body size},
Journal = {BioScience (BioOne)},
Volume = {64},
Number = {6},
Pages = {546-547},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy B},
Year = {2014},
ISSN = {0006-3568},
Key = {fds230406}
}
@article{fds230398,
Author = {Roth, VL},
Title = {Within and Between Organisms: Replicators, Lineages, and
Homologues},
Pages = {301-337},
Booktitle = {Homology: The Hierarchical Basis of Comparative
Biology},
Publisher = {Elsevier},
Year = {2013},
Month = {October},
ISBN = {9780080574301},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-057430-1.50015-9},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-08-057430-1.50015-9},
Key = {fds230398}
}
@article{fds230422,
Author = {Durst, PA and Roth, VL},
Title = {Examining factors influencing body size change for insular
rodents},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {53},
Pages = {E59-E59},
Year = {2013},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1540-7063},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000316991400236&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds230422}
}
@article{fds230430,
Author = {Curtin, AJ and MacDowell, AA and Schaible, EG and Roth,
VL},
Title = {Noninvasive histological comparison of bone growth patterns
among fossil and extant neonatal elephantids using
synchrotron radiation X-ray microtomography},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {32},
Number = {4},
Pages = {939-955},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2012},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0272-4634},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2012.672388},
Abstract = {How is the bone tissue in skeletal supports of a neonatal
elephant organized, and how does this histological structure
differ among the neonates of modern species, mammoths, and
insular dwarfs? We used synchrotron X-ray microtomography
(SR-CT) to obtain high-resolution image-slices
noninvasively, from the femoral and tibial diaphyses of
neonatal African elephants, a young juvenile Asian elephant,
Columbian mammoths, and California Channel Island pygmy
mammoths. The results compared favorably in level of detail
with histological sectioning, but without the shrinkage,
distortion, or loss of tissue inevitable with histology.
From the tomography images we were able to rank by
ontogenetic stage specimens of taxa that are otherwise
difficult to categorize because they vary greatly in size;
from these images we observed that laminar fibrolamellar
bone predominated and were able to quantify vascular
patterns. Bones of the Columbian mammoth typically had the
thickest and largest number of laminae, whereas the insular
dwarfs were notable in their variability. A distinct change
in tissue microstructure marks the boundary between prenatal
and postnatal periosteal bone deposition. Qualitatively,
patterns of early bone growth of elephantids resemble those
in many young tetrapods that grow into large adults,
including sauropod dinosaurs. © 2012 by the Society of
Vertebrate Paleontology.},
Doi = {10.1080/02724634.2012.672388},
Key = {fds230430}
}
@article{fds230429,
Author = {Price, SA and Hopkins, SSB and Smith, KK and Roth,
VL},
Title = {Tempo of trophic evolution and its impact on mammalian
diversification.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {109},
Number = {18},
Pages = {7008-7012},
Year = {2012},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1117133109},
Abstract = {Mammals are characterized by the complex adaptations of
their dentition, which are an indication that diet has
played a critical role in their evolutionary history.
Although much attention has focused on diet and the
adaptations of specific taxa, the role of diet in
large-scale diversification patterns remains unresolved.
Contradictory hypotheses have been proposed, making
prediction of the expected relationship difficult. We show
that net diversification rate (the cumulative effect of
speciation and extinction), differs significantly among
living mammals, depending upon trophic strategy. Herbivores
diversify fastest, carnivores are intermediate, and
omnivores are slowest. The tempo of transitions between the
trophic strategies is also highly biased: the fastest rates
occur into omnivory from herbivory and carnivory and the
lowest transition rates are between herbivory and carnivory.
Extant herbivore and carnivore diversity arose primarily
through diversification within lineages, whereas omnivore
diversity evolved by transitions into the strategy. The
ability to specialize and subdivide the trophic niche
allowed herbivores and carnivores to evolve greater
diversity than omnivores.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1117133109},
Key = {fds230429}
}
@article{fds230431,
Author = {Durst, PAP and Roth, VL},
Title = {Classification tree methods provide a multifactorial
approach to predicting insular body size evolution in
rodents.},
Journal = {The American naturalist},
Volume = {179},
Number = {4},
Pages = {545-553},
Year = {2012},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22437183},
Abstract = {Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain size changes
in insular mammals, but no single variable suffices to
explain the diversity of responses, particularly within
Rodentia. Here in a data set on insular rodents, we observe
strong consistency in the direction of size change within
islands and within species but (outside of Heteromyidae)
little consistency at broader taxonomic scales. Using traits
of islands and of species in a classification tree analysis,
we find the most important factor predicting direction of
change to be mainland body mass (large rodents decrease,
small ones increase); other variables (island climate,
number of rodent species, and area) were significant,
although their roles as revealed by the classification tree
were context dependent. Ecological interactions appear
relatively uninformative, and on any given island, the
largest and smallest rodent species converged or diverged in
size with equal frequency. Our approach provides a promising
framework for continuing examination of insular body size
evolution.},
Doi = {10.1086/664611},
Key = {fds230431}
}
@article{fds230432,
Author = {Chi, K-J and Louise Roth and V},
Title = {Scaling and mechanics of carnivoran footpads reveal the
principles of footpad design.},
Journal = {Journal of the Royal Society, Interface},
Volume = {7},
Number = {49},
Pages = {1145-1155},
Year = {2010},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {1742-5689},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2009.0556},
Abstract = {In most mammals, footpads are what first strike ground with
each stride. Their mechanical properties therefore
inevitably affect functioning of the legs; yet interspecific
studies of the scaling of locomotor mechanics have all but
neglected the feet and their soft tissues. Here we determine
how contact area and stiffness of footpads in digitigrade
carnivorans scale with body mass in order to show how
footpads' mechanical properties and size covary to maintain
their functional integrity. As body mass increases across
several orders of magnitude, we find the following: (i) foot
contact area does not keep pace with increasing body mass;
therefore pressure increases, placing footpad tissue of
larger animals potentially at greater risk of damage; (ii)
but stiffness of the pads also increases, so the tissues of
larger animals must experience less strain; and (iii) total
energy stored in hindpads increases slightly more than that
in the forepads, allowing additional elastic energy to be
returned for greater propulsive efficiency. Moreover, pad
stiffness appears to be tuned across the size range to
maintain loading regimes in the limbs that are favourable
for long-bone remodelling. Thus, the structural properties
of footpads, unlike other biological support-structures,
scale interspecifically through changes in both geometry and
material properties, rather than geometric proportions
alone, and do so with consequences for both maintenance and
operation of other components of the locomotor
system.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsif.2009.0556},
Key = {fds230432}
}
@article{fds230433,
Author = {Siegel, SJ and Percopo, CM and Dyer, KD and Zhao, W and Roth, VL and Mercer, JM and Rosenberg, HF},
Title = {RNase 1 genes from the family Sciuridae define a novel
rodent ribonuclease cluster.},
Journal = {Mammalian genome : official journal of the International
Mammalian Genome Society},
Volume = {20},
Number = {11-12},
Pages = {749-757},
Year = {2009},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0938-8990},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00335-009-9215-4},
Abstract = {The RNase A ribonucleases are a complex group of
functionally diverse secretory proteins with conserved
enzymatic activity. We have identified novel RNase 1 genes
from four species of squirrel (order Rodentia, family
Sciuridae). Squirrel RNase 1 genes encode typical RNase A
ribonucleases, each with eight cysteines, a conserved
CKXXNTF signature motif, and a canonical
His(12)-Lys(41)-His(119) catalytic triad. Two alleles encode
Callosciurus prevostii RNase 1, which include a
Ser(18)<-->Pro, analogous to the sequence polymorphisms
found among the RNase 1 duplications in the genome of Rattus
exulans. Interestingly, although the squirrel RNase 1 genes
are closely related to one another (77-95% amino acid
sequence identity), the cluster as a whole is distinct and
divergent from the clusters including RNase 1 genes from
other rodent species. We examined the specific sites at
which Sciuridae RNase 1s diverge from Muridae/Cricetidae
RNase 1s and determined that the divergent sites are located
on the external surface, with complete sparing of the
catalytic crevice. The full significance of these findings
awaits a more complete understanding of biological role of
mammalian RNase 1s.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00335-009-9215-4},
Key = {fds230433}
}
@article{fds230424,
Author = {V.L. Roth and Curtin, AJ and MacDowell, AA and Schaible, EG and Roth,
VL},
Title = {Non-invasive histological comparison of bone growth patterns
among fossil and extant neonatal elephantids using
synchrotron radiation X-ray microtomography},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {49},
Number = {E42},
Pages = {E42-E42},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2009},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1540-7063},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000268808800168&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {How is bone growth modified in insular dwarfing? We applied
X-ray microtomography as a non-invasive method for obtaining
high-resolution image-"slices" of the femoral diaphyses of
four neonatal elephantids: a stillborn modern African
elephant (Loxodonta africana), one neonate of Mammuthus
columbi, and two neonatal specimens of its close relative,
the insular dwarf M. exilis. Scanning large objects at voxel
size ~17μ is non-standard, and required development of a
method for splicing a series of images. The results compare
favorably in level of detail with histological sectioning,
but without the shrinkage, distortion, or loss of tissue
inevitable with the latter. Transverse sections at midshaft
for the two full-sized species and one of the dwarfs showed
a concentric pattern of laminar bone units surrounding a
medullary region containing coarse cancellous bone and
cancellous trabeculae. A distinct change in tissue
microstructure in the M. columbi and one M. exilis specimen
marks the boundary between prenatal and postnatal periosteal
bone deposition and shows that these two individuals
survived birth. Laminae in the L. africana individual were
significantly thinner and more numerous than those of either
mammoth species; M. exilis differed from the larger mammoth
in having fewer and slightly thinner laminae. Compared to M.
columbi, M. exilis laminae were evidently laid down at a
slower rate, even allowing for the scaling of gestation
length with body size. Comparison of the full trajectory of
growth in these animals is now facilitated by collaboration
with P. Tafforeau, ESRF, Grenoble, through imaging of more
and of fully-grown individuals.},
Key = {fds230424}
}
@article{fds230426,
Author = {Chi, K-J and Schmitt, D and Roth, VL},
Title = {Different functional mechanisms of foot-footpad complex for
plantigrade and digitigrade mammals in the context of
locomotion},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {49},
Pages = {E32-E32},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2009},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1540-7063},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000268808800125&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds230426}
}
@article{fds230435,
Author = {Louise Roth and V and Mercer, JM},
Title = {Differing rates of macroevolutionary diversification in
arboreal squirrels},
Journal = {Current Science},
Volume = {95},
Number = {7},
Pages = {857-861},
Year = {2008},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0011-3891},
Abstract = {Current diversity is the result of macroevolutionary
processes of origination and extinction of lineages through
time. Here we make use of a fossil-calibrated
molecular-clock phylogeny of modern squirrel genera to
estimate both rates of 'birth' and 'death', and the net rate
of accumulation of lineages since the origin of the squirrel
family (Sciuridae) 36 Ma. As a family, the Sciuridae have
exhibited modest rates of diversification in comparison with
other mammalian clades. Within the Sciuridae, lineages of
squirrels have accumulated at higher rates in geographically
localized subclades in the tropics of different continents.
The rate is strikingly high in the Sciurini of South
America, which first entered and radiated within that
continent comparatively recently (less than 3 Ma). It is
noteworthy that the most rapidly diversifying groups are
also relatively young. Because extinctions lag behind
originations, the effects of extinction are not yet
detectable in relatively recent radiations. The balance of
origination and extinction is fragile, and is likely to
become more so if increases in extinction due to habitat
destruction, climate change and other human activity are not
mitigated.},
Key = {fds230435}
}
@article{fds230434,
Author = {Davis, CM and Roth, VL},
Title = {The evolution of sexual size dimorphism in cottontail
rabbits (Sylvilagus, Leporidae)},
Journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society},
Volume = {95},
Number = {1},
Pages = {141-156},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {0024-4066},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01035.x},
Abstract = {In mammals, ‘female-biased’ sexual size dimorphism
(SSD), in which females are larger than males, is uncommon.
In the present study, we examined Sylvilagus, a purported
case of female-biased SSD, for evolutionary correlations
among species between SSD, body-size, and life-history
variables. We find that: (1) although most species are
female-biased, the degree and direction of SSD vary more
than was previously recognized and (2) the degree of SSD
decreases with increasing body size. Hence, Sylvilagus
provides a new example, unusual for a female-biased taxon,
in which allometry for SSD is consistent with ‘Rensch’s
Rule’. As a corollary to Rensch’s Rule, we observe that
changes in SSD in Sylvilagus are typically associated with
larger, more significant changes in males than females.
Female-biased SSD could be produced by selection for larger
females, smaller males, or both. Although larger female size
may be related to high fecundity and the extremely rapid
fetal and neonatal growth in Sylvilagus, we find little
evidence for a correlation between SSD and various
fecundity-related traits in among-species comparisons.
Smaller male size may confer greater reproductive success
through greater mobility and reduced energetic requirements.
We propose that a suite of traits (i.e. female dispersion,
large male home ranges, reduced aggression, and a
promiscuous mating system) has favoured smaller males and
thus influenced the evolution of SSD in cottontails.
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/121419918/HTMLSTART},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01035.x},
Key = {fds230434}
}
@article{fds230421,
Author = {Roth, VL},
Title = {Variation and versatility in macroevolution},
Pages = {455-474},
Booktitle = {Variation, a Central Concept in Biology},
Publisher = {Academic Press},
Editor = {HallgrÍmsson, B and Hall, BK},
Year = {2005},
ISBN = {9780120887774},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-012088777-4/50021-1},
Abstract = {Studies of macroevolutionary change are uniquely focused on
events and processes that require time, including events
that occur infrequently (or just once), or processes that
are long in duration. With respect to phenotypic variation,
macroevolution is typically the domain of large differences
(whose study in aggregate becomes the study of disparity),
of the origin of novelties (features that do not correspond
to characters or structures present in an ancestor), or of
differences (of whatever magnitude or character) that are
associated with taxonomic diversification. For variation to
be observed, it must not only have been produced but also
permitted to persist. The expression and persistence of
macroevolutionary variation in a trait is a manifestation of
that trait's versatility. This chapter draws attention to
the "third component" of evolvability, which has to do with
macroevolutionary production of variation that is
ecologically and functionally relevant, and considers how
two organismal systems dealt with in this study might
illustrate such versatility. The examples treated include in
one case a structure-teeth in elephantids-whose morphology
is extremely divergent from that in most other mammals and
very different from their primitive state. Yet by virtue of
their reiterated modular structure and dynamic mode of
development, the enormous teeth of elephants have readily
adjusted to developing and functioning within jaws of
animals whose body sizes have undergone radical change. ©
2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-012088777-4/50021-1},
Key = {fds230421}
}
@article{fds230427,
Author = {Chi, KJ and Roth, VL},
Title = {Scaling of foot contact area and its mechanical implications
for mammals of different foot postures},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {44},
Number = {6},
Pages = {535-535},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2004},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1540-7063},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000226721400102&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds230427}
}
@article{fds230442,
Author = {Mercer, JM and Roth, VL},
Title = {The effects of Cenozoic global change on squirrel
phylogeny.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {299},
Number = {5612},
Pages = {1568-1572},
Year = {2003},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12595609},
Abstract = {By modifying habitats and creating bridges and barriers
between landmasses, climate change and tectonic events are
believed to have important consequences for diversification
of terrestrial organisms. Such consequences should be most
evident in phylogenetic histories of groups that are
ancient, widespread, and diverse. The squirrel family
(Sciuridae) is one of very few mammalian families endemic to
Eurasia, Africa, and North and South America and is ideal
for examining these issues. Through phylogenetic and
molecular-clock analyses, we infer that arrival and
diversification of squirrels in Africa, on Sunda Shelf
islands, across Beringea, and across the Panamanian isthmus
coincide in timing and location with multiple
well-documented sea-level, tectonic, and paleontological
events. These precise correspondences point to an important
role for global change in the diversification of a major
group of mammals.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1079705},
Key = {fds230442}
}
@article{fds230418,
Author = {Roth, VL},
Title = {Character replication},
Series = {pp. 81-107},
Pages = {81-107},
Booktitle = {The Character Concept in Evolutionary Biology},
Publisher = {Academic Press},
Editor = {Wagner, GP},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds230418}
}
@article{fds230419,
Author = {Roth, VL},
Title = {Ecology and evolution of dwarfing in insular
elephants},
Series = {pp. 507-509},
Pages = {507-509},
Booktitle = {The World of Elephants: Proceedings of the 1st International
Congress},
Publisher = {Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche: Rome},
Editor = {Cavarretta, PG and Mussi, M and Palombo, MR},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds230419}
}
@article{fds230423,
Author = {Roth, VL},
Title = {Morphometrics in development and evolution.},
Journal = {AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST},
Volume = {39},
Number = {5},
Pages = {108A-108A},
Publisher = {SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-1569},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000085800400645&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {SYNOPSIS. Morphometric approaches facilitate the analysis of
quantitative variation in form, typically becoming most
useful for the study of organisms that have completed
morphogenesis and arc at differing stages of growth. Recent
conceptual and technical refinements in the characterization
and comparison of forms have joined methodological
innovations in molecular biology, embryology, and phytogeny
reconstruction to advance the study of the evolution of
development. Among the phenomena that have recently been
examined morphometrically are developmental integration and
heterochrony, discoveries that in turn raise deeper
questions about the connections among disciplines and among
levels of description: the relationship between morphometric
variables and characters, between phenomenology and process,
and the interplay (and evolutionary relevance) of genes and
phenotypes. Morphometrics can continue to play a vital role
in evolutionary studies of-development as its results
generate questions both for its practitioners and for other
sorts of biologists to explore.},
Doi = {10.1093/icb/40.5.801},
Key = {fds230423}
}
@article{fds230417,
Author = {Agenbroad, L and Morris, D and Roth, VL},
Title = {Pygmy mammoths Mammuthus exilis from Channel Islands
National Park, California (USA)},
Journal = {Deinsea: Annual of the Natural History Museum
Rotterdam},
Volume = {6},
Pages = {89-102},
Booktitle = {Mammoths and the Mammoth Fauna: Studies of an Extinct
Ecosystem. Proceedings of the First International Mammoth
Conference, St. Petersburg, Russia.},
Editor = {G. Haynes and J. Klimowicz and J.W.F.Reumer},
Year = {1999},
ISSN = {0923-9308},
Key = {fds230417}
}
@article{fds230405,
Author = {Roth, VL},
Title = {Homology},
Journal = {Novartis Foundation Symposium #222},
Publisher = {John Wiley & Sons},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds230405}
}
@article{fds230404,
Author = {Roth, VL},
Title = {Homoplasy: the recurrence of similarity in
evolution},
Journal = {American Scientist: the Magazine of Sigma XI, the Scientific
Research Society},
Volume = {86},
Pages = {193-193},
Year = {1998},
ISSN = {1545-2786},
Key = {fds230404}
}
@article{fds230436,
Author = {Abouheif, E and Akam, M and Dickinson, WJ and Holland, PW and Meyer, A and Patel, NH and Raff, RA and Roth, VL and Wray, GA},
Title = {Homology and developmental genes.},
Journal = {Trends in genetics : TIG},
Volume = {13},
Number = {11},
Pages = {432-433},
Year = {1997},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0168-9525},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1997YF59200006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1016/s0168-9525(97)01271-7},
Key = {fds230436}
}
@article{fds230437,
Author = {Velhagen, WA and Roth, VL},
Title = {Scaling of the mandible in squirrels.},
Journal = {Journal of morphology},
Volume = {232},
Number = {2},
Pages = {107-132},
Year = {1997},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0362-2525},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9097464},
Abstract = {We compared the shape of the mandible among New World tree
squirrels and selected outgroup taxa using linear
measurements and areas defined by the median axis and
conventional anatomical landmarks. We modified the median
axis technique to define novel measurements, which proved
complementary to those obtained from conventional landmarks.
Allometric analyses showed that the scaling of the mandible
among the New World tree squirrels is generally isometric
(as has been observed in other groups of mammals), but
diverges from isometry in a tendency in smaller animals for
the masseteric ridge to be displaced anteriorly, the
condylar process and posterior portion of the ascending
ramus to be relatively elongated, and the coronoid process
to be shortened. Allometric analyses also revealed the ways
and extent that outgrowth taxa deviated from the scaling
pattern observed for the New World tree squirrels. A flying
squirrel (subfamily Pteromyinae), a moderate-sized
callosciurine squirrel, and three species of pygmy tree
squirrels from Asia and Africa show mandibular proportions
very similar to those predicted for New World tree squirrels
of corresponding size. Ground squirrels (tribe Marmotini)
and successively more distant relatives such as Aplodontia,
two myomorph rodents, and a rabbit show greater differences
from the New World tree squirrels in their mandibular
proportions. Combining the use of median-axis and
conventional measurements makes it possible to examine
changing relationships between locations of anatomically
homologous landmarks and the geometry of the
form.},
Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1097-4687(199705)232:2<107::aid-jmor1>3.0.co;2},
Key = {fds230437}
}
@article{fds230438,
Author = {Roth, VL and Dawson, WD},
Title = {Coat color genetics of Peromyscus: V. California blonde, a
new recessive mutation in the deer mouse.},
Journal = {The Journal of heredity},
Volume = {87},
Number = {5},
Pages = {403-406},
Year = {1996},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0022-1503},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8904838},
Abstract = {California blonde is a coat color mutation in the deer mouse
(Peromyscus maniculatus) discovered among descendants of
wild-type animals collected on Santa Cruz Island,
California. The phenotype is produced by the presence of
brown, rather than black, eumelanin in the pelage and skin.
Retinal pigmentation is also reduced. The condition is
inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The California
blonde gene is nonallelic with the brown (b), blonde (bln),
and platinum (plt) mutant genes in this species. California
blonde represents a newly detected genetic locus in the deer
mouse. The symbol cfb is provisionally assigned for this
genetic locus.},
Doi = {10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a023025},
Key = {fds230438}
}
@article{fds230439,
Author = {Louise Roth and V},
Title = {Cranial integration in the sciuridae},
Journal = {American Zoologist},
Volume = {36},
Number = {1},
Pages = {14-23},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {1996},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-1569},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/36.1.14},
Abstract = {SYNOPSIS. High correlations among measurements of the
cranium in the fox squirrel suggested to Olson and Miller
(1958) that the skull in this species is highly integrated:
that is, it tends to vary as a unit, and without clear
subdivision into discrete independently-varying subunits.
The evolutionary conservatism of the sciurid cranium, and
the morphological convergence among pygmy squirrels of
several distinct lineages, suggest that in the squirrel
family high integration is also a feature of variation among
species. A review of preliminary results of two- and
three-dimensional morphometrics of the cranium, bivariate
allometry of the mandible, and the anatomy of the
masticatory musculature supports this suggestion, and
highlights the importance of further clarifying phylogenetic
relationships. Examination of embryos suggests that pygmy
squirrels can not be considered strictly
paedomorphic.},
Doi = {10.1093/icb/36.1.14},
Key = {fds230439}
}
@article{fds230415,
Author = {Todd, NE and Roth, VL},
Title = {Origin and radiation of the Elephantidae},
Pages = {193-202},
Booktitle = {The Proboscidea: Evolution and Palaeoecology of Elephants
and their Relatives},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Editor = {Shoshani, J and Tassy, P},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds230415}
}
@article{fds230416,
Author = {Roth, VL},
Title = {Pleistocene dwarf elephants of the California
Islands},
Series = {Oxford U. Press},
Pages = {249-253},
Booktitle = {The Proboscidea: Evolution and Palaeoecology of Elephants
and their Relatives},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Editor = {Shoshani, J and Tassy, P},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds230416}
}
@article{fds230440,
Author = {Ball, SS and Roth, VL},
Title = {Jaw muscles of New World squirrels.},
Journal = {Journal of morphology},
Volume = {224},
Number = {3},
Pages = {265-291},
Year = {1995},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0362-2525},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7541086},
Abstract = {The jaw, suprahyoid, and extrinsic tongue muscles are
described for eight species of New World squirrels, spanning
more than an order of magnitude in body mass. Anatomical
differences are discussed in the light of body size, natural
history, and phylogeny. The relative sizes of different
muscles, their orientations, and the shapes and positions of
their areas of attachment vary but show few trends in
relation to body size. The anatomical differences are
likewise not readily explained by the mechanical
requirements of the animals' diets, which are similar. The
most marked anatomical differences occur in Sciurillus (the
pygmy tree squirrel), as well as those genera--Glaucomys
(the flying squirrel) and Tamias (the chipmunk)--that are
taxonomically most distinct from the tree squirrels.
Sciurillus is noteworthy for its unusually small temporalis
and an anterior deep masseter that is oriented to assist in
retraction of the jaw. Tamias has a more vertically oriented
temporalis and greater inclination in the anterior masseter
muscles than the other squirrels, features that may be
associated with its large diastema and relatively
posteriorly situated cheek teeth, which in turn may relate
to its having cheek pouches. Our results form a valuable
database of information to be used in further studies of
functional morphology and phylogeny.},
Doi = {10.1002/jmor.1052240303},
Key = {fds230440}
}
@article{fds230425,
Author = {ROTH, V and DISHOP, M},
Title = {Evolutionary Relationships Among the Scriurdae - Analysis of
Cranial Characters in Tree, ground, and Flying
Squirrels},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY},
Volume = {222},
Number = {1},
Pages = {111-111},
Year = {1994},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0362-2525},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1994PJ69700010&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds230425}
}
@article{fds230413,
Author = {Agenbroad, LD and Lister, AM and Mol, D and Roth,
VL},
Title = {Mammuthus primigenius remains from the Mammoth Site of Hot
Springs, South Dakota},
Pages = {269-281},
Booktitle = {The Hot Springs Mammoth Site: a Decade of Field and
Laboratory Research in Paleontology, Geology, and
Paleoecology},
Publisher = {The Mammoth Site},
Editor = {Agenbroad, LD and Mead, JI},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds230413}
}
@article{fds230414,
Author = {Roth, VL},
Title = {Within and between organisms: Replicators, lineages, and
homologues},
Pages = {310-337},
Booktitle = {Homology: the Hierarchical Basis of Comparative
Biology},
Publisher = {Academic Press},
Editor = {Hall, BK},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds230414}
}
@article{fds230403,
Author = {Roth, VL},
Title = {Mammoths, mastodonts, and elephants: biology, behavior and
the fossil record},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalogy},
Volume = {75},
Pages = {234-236},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy B - Oxford Open Option
B},
Year = {1994},
ISSN = {1545-1542},
Key = {fds230403}
}
@article{fds230411,
Author = {Roth, VL},
Title = {On three-dimensional morphometrics, and on the
identification of landmark points},
Series = {Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales. CSIC,
Madrid},
Pages = {41-61},
Booktitle = {Advances in Morphometrics},
Publisher = {Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales},
Editor = {Marcus, L and Bello, E and Valdecasas, AG},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds230411}
}
@article{fds230412,
Author = {Roth, VL},
Title = {Dwarfism and variability in the Santa Rosa island mammoth:
An interspecific comparison of limb-bone sizes and shapes in
elephants},
Pages = {433-442},
Booktitle = {Third California Islands Symposium: Recent Advances in
Research on the California Islands},
Publisher = {Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History},
Editor = {Hochberg, FG},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds230412}
}
@article{fds230428,
Author = {Roth, VL},
Title = {Inferences from allometry and fossils: dwarfing of elephants
on islands},
Journal = {Oxford surveys in evolutionary biology. Vol.
8},
Series = {vol. 8:259-288},
Pages = {259-288},
Booktitle = {Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology},
Publisher = {Oxford U. Press},
Editor = {D. Futuyma and J. Antonovics},
Year = {1992},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {Introduces the "island rule' for mammalian body size: the
tendency of small mammals to enlarge and carnivores and
ungulates to dwarf. For large mammals, resource limitation
favours smaller body size; the genetic background to this is
reviewed. Occurrence of dwarfed elephants is discussed, with
comments on modern analogues, but attention focuses on
Pleistocene insular forms. Inferences are drawn regarding
body mass and life history (including dietary selectivity),
and shape is examined as evidence for mechanical function
and heterochronic evolution. Selection for maturity at small
size is likely to have been a primary characteristic, since
1) body sizes among insular forms of elephants are
consistently small but morphologies are diverse; 2)
livestock breeding suggests that mature body size is more
responsive to selection than are many other features of
growth or morphology; and 3) calculations show the
pronounced reduction in food required by dwarfs compared to
normal-sized animals. -P.J.Jarvis},
Key = {fds230428}
}
@article{fds230444,
Author = {Roth, VL},
Title = {Quantitative variation in elephant dentitions: Implications
for the delimitation of fossil species},
Journal = {Paleobiology},
Volume = {18},
Number = {2},
Pages = {184-202},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {1992},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0094837300013968},
Abstract = {Dental measurements are commonly used in the diagnosis of
fossil elephant species, yet elephant teeth develop slowly,
within a highly dynamic context that enhances opportunities
for physical deformation (or its subtler manifestation,
quantitative phenotypic variation). This paper examines
intraspecific variation in elephant teeth and compares it
with variability in other mammals (83 species in 7 orders).
I conclude that (1) male elephants tend to have slightly
larger cheek teeth than females, though the difference is
not marked; (2) of the full complement of six cheek teeth
per jaw quadrant, no single tooth consistently varies less
than the others (so on this basis, for taxonomic decisions
no tooth is preferable to the customarily used M3 = tooth
VI); (3) single-population samples vary less than more
inclusive, geographically heterogeneous samples of elephant
teeth; (4) although differential wear and eruption are
important sources of variation in dental measurements,
complete elephant teeth are consistently more variable in
length and width than the cheek teeth of other mammals; (5)
variability in dental dimensions of recognized fossil
species of elephants is in general not grossly inconsistent
with variability noted in modern elephants, but there are
some exceptions. With the information and guidelines
presented here, consideration of variability, and assessment
of the statistical power permitted by available samples, can
enhance confidence and precision in the delimitation of
species and provide a firmer basis for macroevolutionary
inferences. © 1992, Paleontological Society. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0094837300013968},
Key = {fds230444}
}
@article{fds230441,
Author = {Roth, VL},
Title = {Homology and hierarchies: Problems solved and
unresolved},
Journal = {Journal of Evolutionary Biology},
Volume = {4},
Number = {2},
Pages = {167-194},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1420-9101.1991.4020167.x},
Abstract = {Homology as a topic in phylogenetic analysis has to do with
what is conserved in evolution. The problem of homology in
systematics — to find homologues, and in so doing, to
identify taxa — is distinct from the problem of
identifying what kinds of features tend to be conserved, how
and why. The two sets of issues are fundamentally
interdependent at the point that one selects the appropriate
taxonomic units, identifies the characters one wishes to
study, or decides what constitutes a single character.
Homology as a phenomenon is a manifestation of replication
and of continuity of biological information. Replication
occurs at many levels in the biological hierarchy: from the
DNA replication that accompanies cell replication, to the
replication of gross phenotypic characteristics within
individual organisms that results in iterative homologues,
to the replication of individuals to form a population that
persists (in replication through successive generations) in
evolutionary time. In replication, biological information
may persist unchanged, or it may be disrupted or
transformed. Different patterns of change may be expressed
at different levels of the biological hierarchy. Here a
concept developed in arguments on levels of selection
becomes useful: change at one level of the hierarchy —
e.g., genes or gross phenotype — may be screened off from
changes at other levels. Understanding the manner in which
phenotypic features develop or are replicated, the
mechanisms of screening off, and the evolutionary origin and
transformation of these mechanisms is a major challenge for
understanding the biological basis of homology. The
recognition or coding of characters for a phylogenetic
analysis calls for decisions on what level of description
and how complex a unit character is to be recognized. Here
an additional point of comparison within the biological
hierarchy — the relationship between organisms and taxa
— becomes important. We use characters of organisms to
trace phylogenies of taxa; yet because traits can arise and
subsequently become fixed in different segments of a
population linage, phylogenies of organismal characters can
conflict with the phylogeny of the taxa that compairse them.
For these reasons, a full understanding of evolutionary
changes undergone in lineages will require us to combine
phylogenetic analyses with analyses of development, studies
of developmental and population genetics, and comparisons of
gross phenotype. Copyright © 1991, Wiley Blackwell. All
rights reserved},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1420-9101.1991.4020167.x},
Key = {fds230441}
}
@article{fds230410,
Author = {Roth, VL},
Title = {Insular dwarf elephants - a case study in body mass
estimation and ecological inference},
Pages = {151-180},
Booktitle = {Body Size in Mammalian Paleobiology: Estimation and
Biological Implications},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Damuth, J and MacFadden, BJ},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds230410}
}
@article{fds230445,
Author = {Roth, VL},
Title = {Fabricational noise in elephant dentitions},
Journal = {Paleobiology},
Volume = {15},
Number = {2},
Pages = {165-179},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {1989},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0094-8373},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0094837300009349},
Abstract = {A marked retardation of dental ontogeny characterizes the
family Elephantidae. As a consequence of this retardation,
elephant teeth are subject to the forces of mastication,
eruption, and progression while still in a developing and
pliant stage. As specimens described here illustrate, the
mechanical forces are often sufficient to deform the gross
morphology of dentitions. Morphological variation in
elephant teeth can be regarded as fabricational
noise-revealing information about the dynamic context in
which the teeth develop. Accordingly, dental variation is
less species-specific in elephants than in other mammals.
The fossil record may comprise fewer species of elephants
than is generally believed, and trends inferred to reflect
rapid evolution within this family may in fact reflect
phenotypic plasticity. © 1989, Paleontological Society. All
rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0094837300009349},
Key = {fds230445}
}
@article{fds230402,
Author = {Roth, VL},
Title = {On evolution and fossil mammals},
Journal = {American Scientist: the Magazine of Sigma XI, the Scientific
Research Society},
Volume = {77},
Pages = {283-283},
Year = {1989},
ISSN = {1545-2786},
Key = {fds230402}
}
@article{fds230409,
Author = {Roth, VL},
Title = {The biological basis of homology},
Pages = {1-26},
Booktitle = {Ontogeny and Systematics},
Publisher = {Columbia University Press},
Editor = {Humphries, CJ},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds230409}
}
@article{fds230449,
Author = {Roth, VL and Shoshani, J},
Title = {Dental identification and age determination in Elephas
maximus.},
Journal = {Journal of Zoology},
Volume = {214},
Number = {4},
Pages = {567-588},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1988},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1988.tb03760.x},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7998.1988.tb03760.x},
Key = {fds230449}
}
@article{fds230401,
Author = {Roth, VL},
Title = {Vertebrate fetal membranes: comparative ontogeny and
morphology; evolution; phylogenetic significance; basic
functions; research opportunities},
Journal = {Quarterly Review of Biology},
Volume = {63},
Number = {1},
Pages = {89-89},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Year = {1988},
ISSN = {0033-5770},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/415763},
Doi = {10.1086/415763},
Key = {fds230401}
}
@article{fds230400,
Author = {Roth, VL},
Title = {The Sumatran Rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis (1814) in
The Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia; Its
Distribution, Ecology, and Conservation},
Journal = {Systematic Zoology},
Volume = {36},
Pages = {90-91},
Year = {1987},
ISSN = {0039-7989},
Key = {fds230400}
}
@article{fds230448,
Author = {Roth, VL and Klein, MS},
Title = {Maternal effects on body size of large insular Peromyscus
maniculatus: evidence from embryo transfer
experiments.},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalogy},
Volume = {67},
Pages = {37-45},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds230448}
}
@article{fds230450,
Author = {ROTH, VL},
Title = {On homology},
Journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society},
Volume = {22},
Number = {1},
Pages = {13-29},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {1984},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0024-4066},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1984.tb00796.x},
Abstract = {The currently most widely used definitions of homology,
which concentrate exclusively on what I call phylogenetic
homology, involve comparisons between taxa. Although they
share important conceptual relationships with phylogenetic
homology and their role in evolutionary biology is
significant, serial and other forms of iterative homology
have been, by comparison, overlooked. There is need for a
more inclusive definition of homology. I propose that the
basis of homology in the broad sense is the sharing of
pathways of development, which are controlled by
genealogically‐related genes. Using this definition, one
can construct hierarchies of homology, and recognize
different degrees or strengths of homology. Because
different aspects of structures are controlled by distinct
developmental programs, it is sometimes necessary to speak
of homologies of different attributes of specific
structures, rather than to homologize the structures per se.
For good biological reasons, parallelism may be difficult to
distinguish from homology, and one must in practice be
willing to tolerate some ambiguity between them. The
formulation I present leads to some unorthodox conclusions
about homology in mammalian dentitions and homology between
the fore‐and hindlimbs of tetrapods. Copyright © 1984,
Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1095-8312.1984.tb00796.x},
Key = {fds230450}
}
@article{fds230451,
Author = {Cushing, J and Daily, M and Noble, E and Louise Roth and V and Wenner,
A},
Title = {Fossil mammoths from Santa Cruz Island, California},
Journal = {Quaternary Research},
Volume = {21},
Number = {3},
Pages = {376-384},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {1984},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0033-5894},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(84)90076-0},
Abstract = {Mammoth remains on Santa Cruz Island, one of the four
Northern Channel Islands of California, are very sparse, in
marked contrast to those reported from Santa Rosa and San
Miguel Islands of the same island group. A probable major
reason for this scarcity is that Quaternary deposits are
greatly restricted on Santa Cruz Island. It is proposed,
contrary to popular opinion, that fossils found on Santa
Cruz Island were derived from animals which died on the
island, and were not transported there by humans. Reasons
for this conclusion are that the size and geological context
of the fossils are similar to those of the largest mammoth
fossils of Santa Rosa Island, and that, in spite of
extensive investigations by many persons, mammoth remains
have not been found in middens, either on the islands or on
the adjacent mainland. © 1984.},
Doi = {10.1016/0033-5894(84)90076-0},
Key = {fds230451}
}
@article{fds230452,
Author = {Roth, VL},
Title = {How elephants grow: heterochrony and the calibration of
developmental stages in some living and fossil
species},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {4},
Number = {1},
Pages = {126-145},
Year = {1984},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1990.10011787},
Doi = {10.1080/02724634.1990.10011787},
Key = {fds230452}
}
@article{fds230420,
Author = {Roth, VL},
Title = {Dwarf mammoths from the Santa Barbara, California Channel
Islands: size, shape, development and evolution},
Publisher = {(Ann Arbor: University Microfilms) Ph.D. Dissertation, Yale
University},
Year = {1982},
Key = {fds230420}
}
@article{fds230447,
Author = {Roth, VL and Thorington, RW},
Title = {Relative brain size among African squirrels.},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalogy},
Volume = {63},
Pages = {168-173},
Year = {1982},
Key = {fds230447}
}
@article{fds230446,
Author = {Roth, VL},
Title = {Constancy in the size ratios of sympatric
species.},
Journal = {American Naturalist},
Volume = {118},
Pages = {394-404},
Year = {1981},
Key = {fds230446}
}
@article{fds230443,
Author = {Roth, VL},
Title = {Can quantum leaps in body size be recognized among mammalian
species?},
Journal = {Paleobiology},
Volume = {5},
Pages = {318-336},
Year = {1979},
Key = {fds230443}
}
%% Sadhir, Srishti
@article{fds369686,
Author = {Sadhir, S and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Impact of energy availability and physical activity on
variation in fertility across human populations.},
Journal = {Journal of physiological anthropology},
Volume = {42},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1},
Year = {2023},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40101-023-00318-3},
Abstract = {Human reproduction is energetically costly, even more so
than other primates. In this review, we consider how the
energy cost of physical activity impacts reproductive tasks.
Daily energy expenditure appears to be constrained, leading
to trade-offs between activity and reproduction expenditures
in physically active populations. High workloads can lead to
suppression of basal metabolic rate and low gestational
weight gain during pregnancy and longer interbirth
intervals. These responses lead to variation in fertility,
including age at first reproduction and interbirth interval.
The influence of energetics is evident even in
industrialized populations, where cultural and economic
factors predominate. With the decoupling of skills
acquisition from food procurement, extrasomatic resources
and investment in individual offspring becomes very costly.
The result is greater investment in fewer offspring. We
present a summary of age at first reproduction and
interbirth interval trends across a diverse, global sample
representing 44 countries and two natural fertility
populations. While economic factors impact fertility, women
in energy-rich, industrialized populations are capable of
greater reproductive output than women in energy-stressed
populations. Thus, energetic factors can be disentangled
from cultural and economic impacts on fertility. Future
research should focus on objective measurements of energy
intake, energy expenditure, and physical activity in a
broader sample of populations to elucidate the role of
energetics in shaping reproductive outcomes and
health.},
Doi = {10.1186/s40101-023-00318-3},
Key = {fds369686}
}
@article{fds374542,
Author = {Parker, CH and Sadhir, S and Swanson, Z and McGrosky, A and Hinz, E and Urlacher, SS and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Effect of influenza vaccination on resting metabolic rate
and c-reactive protein concentrations in healthy young
adults.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {18},
Number = {12},
Pages = {e0295540},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295540},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Chronic immune activation and severe
inflammatory states are positively associated with resting
metabolic rate (RMR; kcal/day), but the impacts of mild
immune stimuli on metabolism are poorly understood. This
study investigates the within-individual association between
the inflammatory response to influenza vaccination and RMR
in young adults.<h4>Methods</h4>We evaluated RMRs through
indirect calorimetry and circulating c-reactive protein
(CRP) concentrations (mg/L)-a direct measure of
inflammation-via high-sensitivity immunoassays of dried
blood spots (n = 17) at baseline and two- and seven-days
post-vaccine. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests were
used to evaluate the magnitude of the CRP and RMR responses.
Type II Wald chi-square tests of linear mixed-effect models
assessed whether those responses were correlated.<h4>Results</h4>Baseline
CRP was 1.39 ± 1.26 mg/L. On day two post-vaccine, CRP
increased by 1.47 ± 1.37 mg/L (p < 0.0001), representing a
106% increase above baseline values. CRP remained higher on
day seven post-vaccine, 1.32 ± 2.47 mg/L (p = 0.05) above
baseline values. There were no statistically significant
changes in RMR from baseline to day two (p = 0.98) or day
seven (p = 0.21). Change in CRP from baseline did not
predict RMR variation across days (p = 0.46).<h4>Conclusions</h4>We
find no evidence that adult influenza vaccination results in
a corresponding increase in RMR. These results suggest that
the energetic cost of an influenza vaccine's mild
inflammatory stimulus is either too small to detect or is
largely compensated by a temporary downregulation of energy
allocated to other metabolic tasks.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0295540},
Key = {fds374542}
}
@article{fds362230,
Author = {Sadhir, S and Eller, AR and Canington, SL and Sholts,
SB},
Title = {Investigating factors of metabolic bone disease in baboons
(Papio spp.) using museum collections.},
Journal = {American journal of biological anthropology},
Volume = {177},
Number = {3},
Pages = {489-500},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2022},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24450},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>To assess manifestations of metabolic
bone disease (MBD) and their potential environmental and
phenotypic factors in captive and non-captive baboon (Papio
spp.) specimens.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>Our sample
consisted of 160 baboon specimens at the Smithsonian's
National Museum of Natural History accessioned from 1890 to
1971. Combining cranial indicators of MBD and the museum's
historical data, we examined factors contributing to likely
instances of MBD. We used binomial-family generalized linear
models to assess differences in MBD frequency by environment
(captive, non-captive), specimen accession year, and skin
color (light, medium, dark).<h4>Results</h4>Indicators of
MBD were most frequently observed in captive baboons, with a
decrease in MBD frequency over time. Fifteen non-captive
individuals showed indicators of MBD, which are the first
published cases of MBD in non-captive nonhuman primates
(NHPs) to our knowledge. The most common MBD indicators were
bone porosity (n = 35) and bone thickening/enlargement
(n = 35). Fibrous osteodystrophy was observed frequently
in our sample, likely relating to nutritional deficiencies.
We found no association between exposed facial skin color
variation and MBD.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our findings are
consistent with historical accounts of MBD prevalence in
captive facilities, especially earlier in the 20th century.
A decrease in MBD prevalence later in the 20th century
likely reflects improvements in housing, diet, and
veterinary care in captive settings. Causes of MBD
development in non-captive baboons should be further
explored, as understanding the potential health impacts that
anthropogenic environments impose on NHPs is imperative as
humans increasingly alter the natural world in the 21st
century.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.24450},
Key = {fds362230}
}
@article{fds363985,
Author = {Klasson, CL and Sadhir, S and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Daily physical activity is negatively associated with
thyroid hormone levels, inflammation, and immune system
markers among men and women in the NHANES
dataset.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {17},
Number = {7},
Pages = {e0270221},
Year = {2022},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270221},
Abstract = {The acute effects of exercise on metabolic energy
expenditure and inflammation are well studied, but the
long-term effects of regular daily physical activity on
metabolic and endocrine effects are less clear. Further,
prior studies investigating the impact of daily physical
activity in large cohorts have generally relied on
self-reported activity. Here, we used the U.S. National
Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to
investigate the relationship between daily physical activity
and both thyroid and immune activity. Daily physical
activity was assessed through accelerometry or
accelerometry-validated survey responses. Thyroid activity
was assessed from circulating levels of thyroid stimulating
hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4). Immune function was
assessed from circulating cytokines (C-reactive protein
[CRP], immunoglobulin E [IgE], fibrinogen) and blood cell
counts. In general linear models including body mass index,
age, gender, activity and TSH as factors, active adults had
a lower levels of T4 and reduced slope of the TSH:T4
relationship. Similarly, greater physical activity was
associated with lower CRP and fibrinogen levels (but not
IgE) and lower white blood cell, basophil, monocyte,
neutrophil, and eosinophil (but not lymphocyte) counts.
Daily physical activity was also associated with lower
prevalence of clinically elevated CRP, WBC, and lymphocytes
in a dose-response manner. These results underscore the
long-term impact of daily physical activity on both systemic
metabolic activity (thyroid) and on specific physiological
tasks (immune). The regulatory effects of physical activity
on other bodily systems are clinically relevant and should
be incorporated into public health strategies promoting
exercise.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0270221},
Key = {fds363985}
}
@article{fds359213,
Author = {Sadhir, S and al-Nahar, M and Olszewski, DI and Petrillo, A and Munro,
ND},
Title = {Human hunting adaptations at Wadi Madamagh, Jordan at the
peak of the Last Glacial Maximum},
Journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports},
Volume = {34},
Pages = {102661-102661},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2020},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102661},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102661},
Key = {fds359213}
}
%% Salomons, Hannah
@article{fds369685,
Author = {Salomons, H and Smith, KCM and Callahan-Beckel, M and Callahan, M and Levy, K and Kennedy, BS and Bray, EE and Gnanadesikan, GE and Horschler,
DJ and Gruen, M and Tan, J and White, P and vonHoldt, BM and MacLean, EL and Hare, B},
Title = {Response to Hansen Wheat et al.: Additional analysis further
supports the early emergence of cooperative communication in
dogs compared to wolves raised with more human
exposure.},
Journal = {Learning & Behavior},
Volume = {51},
Number = {2},
Pages = {131-134},
Year = {2023},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13420-023-00576-2},
Abstract = {Here, we address Hansen Wheat et al.'s commentary in this
journal in response to Salomons et al. Current Biology,
31(14), 3137-3144.E11, (2021). We conduct additional
analyses in response to Hansen Wheat et al.'s two main
questions. First, we examine the claim that it was the move
to a human home environment which enabled the dog puppies to
outperform the wolf puppies in gesture comprehension tasks.
We show that the youngest dog puppies who had not yet been
individually placed in raisers' homes were still highly
skilled, and outperformed similar-aged wolf puppies who had
higher levels of human interaction. Second, we address the
claim that willingness to approach a stranger can explain
the difference between dog and wolf pups' ability to succeed
in gesture comprehension tasks. We explain the various
controls in the original study that render this explanation
insufficient, and demonstrate via model comparison that the
covariance of species and temperament also make this parsing
impossible. Overall, our additional analyses and
considerations support the domestication hypothesis as laid
out by Salomons et al. Current Biology, 31(14),
3137-3144.E11, (2021).},
Doi = {10.3758/s13420-023-00576-2},
Key = {fds369685}
}
@misc{fds372457,
Author = {Ferrans, M and Salomons, H and Hare, B},
Title = {From mind to genome: the effect of domestication on dog
cognition and genetics},
Pages = {253-273},
Booktitle = {Genetics and the Behavior of Domestic Animals, Third
Edition},
Year = {2022},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780323984461},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85752-9.00009-3},
Abstract = {Canine behavior has been studied for decades, but not until
1998 was it discovered that dogs have human-like cooperative
communication skills that rival those of even our closest
primate relatives. Ever since, canines have become subjects
of increased research into the genetic underpinnings of
these abilities. Here, we posit that domestication has been
a driving force in the evolution of dog cognition. The
latest technological advances have been instrumental in
allowing us to have a better understanding of the impact of
domestication on the canine genome, as well as the role that
genetics play in dog behavior and cognition. Finally, we
explore the ways this knowledge can be applied to better the
lives of dogs and that of their human companions.},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-323-85752-9.00009-3},
Key = {fds372457}
}
@article{fds372458,
Author = {Rimbach, R and Amireh, A and Allen, A and Hare, B and Guarino, E and Kaufman, C and Salomons, H and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Total energy expenditure of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops
truncatus) of different ages.},
Journal = {The Journal of Experimental Biology},
Volume = {224},
Number = {15},
Pages = {jeb242218},
Year = {2021},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.242218},
Abstract = {Marine mammals are thought to have an energetically
expensive lifestyle because endothermy is costly in marine
environments. However, measurements of total energy
expenditure (TEE; kcal day-1) are available only for a
limited number of marine mammals, because large body size
and inaccessible habitats make TEE measurements expensive
and difficult to obtain for many taxa. We measured TEE in 10
adult common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) living
in natural seawater lagoons at two facilities (Dolphin
Research Center and Dolphin Quest) using the doubly labeled
water method. We assessed the relative effects of body mass,
age and physical activity on TEE. We also examined whether
TEE of bottlenose dolphins, and more generally of marine
mammals, differs from that expected for their body mass
compared with other eutherian mammals, using phylogenetic
least squares (PGLS) regressions. There were no differences
in body mass or TEE (unadjusted TEE and TEE adjusted for
fat-free mass) between dolphins from the two facilities. Our
results show that adjusted TEE decreased and fat mass
increased with age. Different measures of activity were not
related to age, body fat or adjusted TEE. Both PGLS and the
non-phylogenetic linear regression indicate that marine
mammals have an elevated TEE compared with that of
terrestrial mammals. However, bottlenose dolphins expended
17.1% less energy than other marine mammals of similar body
mass. The two oldest dolphins (>40 years) showed a lower
TEE, similar to the decline in TEE seen in older humans. To
our knowledge, this is the first study to show an
age-related metabolic decline in a large non-human
mammal.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.242218},
Key = {fds372458}
}
@article{fds372459,
Author = {Rimbach, R and Amireh, A and Allen, A and Hare, B and Guarino, E and Kaufman, C and Salomons, H and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Total energy expenditure of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops
truncatus) of different ages.},
Journal = {The Journal of Experimental Biology},
Year = {2021},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.242218},
Abstract = {Marine mammals are thought to have an energetically
expensive lifestyle because endothermy is costly in marine
environments. However, measurements of total energy
expenditure (TEE; kcal/day) are available only for a limited
number of marine mammals, because large body size and
inaccessible habitats make TEE measurements expensive and
difficult for many taxa. We measured TEE in 10 adult common
bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) living in natural
seawater lagoons at two facilities (Dolphin Research Center
and Dolphin Quest) using the doubly labeled water method. We
assessed the relative effects of body mass, age, and
physical activity on TEE. We also examined whether TEE of
bottlenose dolphins, and more generally marine mammals,
differs from that expected for their body mass compared to
other eutherian mammals, using phylogenetic least squares
(PGLS) regressions. There were no differences in body mass
or TEE (unadjusted TEE and TEE adjusted for fat free mass
(FFM)) between dolphins from both facilities. Our results
show that Adjusted TEE decreased and fat mass (FM) increased
with age. Different measures of activity were not related to
age, body fat or Adjusted TEE. Both PGLS and the
non-phylogenetic linear regression indicate that marine
mammals have an elevated TEE compared to terrestrial
mammals. However, bottlenose dolphins expended 17.1% less
energy than other marine mammals of similar body mass. The
two oldest dolphins (>40 years) showed a lower TEE, similar
to the decline in TEE seen in older humans. To our
knowledge, this is the first study to show an age-related
metabolic decline in a large non-human mammal.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.242218},
Key = {fds372459}
}
@article{fds357908,
Author = {Salomons, H and Smith, KCM and Callahan-Beckel, M and Callahan, M and Levy, K and Kennedy, BS and Bray, EE and Gnanadesikan, GE and Horschler,
DJ and Gruen, M and Tan, J and White, P and vonHoldt, BM and MacLean, EL and Hare, B},
Title = {Cooperative Communication with Humans Evolved to Emerge
Early in Domestic Dogs.},
Journal = {Current Biology : Cb},
Volume = {31},
Number = {14},
Pages = {3137-3144.e11},
Year = {2021},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.051},
Abstract = {Although we know that dogs evolved from wolves, it remains
unclear how domestication affected dog cognition. One
hypothesis suggests dog domestication altered social
maturation by a process of selecting for an attraction to
humans.<sup>1-3</sup> Under this account, dogs became more
flexible in using inherited skills to cooperatively
communicate with a new social partner that was previously
feared and expressed these unusual social skills early in
development.<sup>4-6</sup> Here, we comparedog (n = 44) and
wolf (n = 37) puppies, 5-18 weeks old, on a battery of
temperament and cognition tasks. We find that dog puppies
are more attracted to humans, read human gestures more
skillfully, and make more eye contact with humans than wolf
puppies. The two species are similarly attracted to familiar
objects and perform similarly on non-social measures of
memory and inhibitory control. These results are consistent
with the idea that domestication enhanced the
cooperative-communicative abilities of dogs as selection for
attraction to humans altered social maturation.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.051},
Key = {fds357908}
}
%% Schmitt, Daniel O.
@article{fds376019,
Author = {Schmitt, D and Sparling, TL and Queen, RM},
Title = {The effect of total ankle arthroplasty on mechanical energy
exchange.},
Journal = {Journal of biomechanics},
Volume = {164},
Pages = {111941},
Year = {2024},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.111941},
Abstract = {Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is a common surgical solution
for patients with debilitating arthritis of the ankle. Prior
to surgery patients experience high levels of pain and
fatigue and low mechanical energy recovery. It is not known
if TAA restores healthy levels of mechanical energy recovery
in this patient population. This study was designed to
determine whether mechanical energy recovery was restored
following TAA. Ground reaction forces during self-selected
speed walking were collected from patients with symptomatic,
unilateral ankle arthritis (N = 29) before and one and two
years after primary, unilateral TAA. The exchange of
potential (PE) and kinetic (KE) energy was examined, and
direction of change (%congruity) and energy exchange
(%recovery) between the two curves was calculated, with
those subjects with low congruity experiencing high energy
recovery. Linear regressions were used to examine the impact
of walking speed, congruity, and amplitude of the center of
mass (COM) displacement on %recovery, while ANOVA and ANCOVA
models were used to compare energy recovery and congruity
across the three time points. Gender, BMI, and age at
surgery had no effect in this study. TAA improved walking
speed (p = 0.001), increased energy recovery
(p = 0.020), and decreased congruity (p = 0.002), and
these levels were maintained over at least two years.
Differences in congruity were independent of walking speed.
In some patients, especially those who are severely
debilitated by ankle arthritis, TAA is effective in
restoring mechanical energy recovery to levels similar to an
asymptomatic population of a similar age recorded by other
studies.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.111941},
Key = {fds376019}
}
@article{fds370862,
Author = {Boulinguez-Ambroise, G and Dunham, N and Phelps, T and Mazonas, T and Nguyen, P and Bradley-Cronkwright, M and Boyer, DM and Yapuncich, GS and Zeininger, A and Schmitt, D and Young, JW},
Title = {Jumping performance in tree squirrels: Insights into primate
evolution.},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Volume = {180},
Pages = {103386},
Year = {2023},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103386},
Abstract = {Morphological traits suggesting powerful jumping abilities
are characteristic of early crown primate fossils. Because
tree squirrels lack certain 'primatelike' grasping features
but frequently travel on the narrow terminal branches of
trees, they make a viable extant model for an early stage of
primate evolution. Here, we explore biomechanical
determinants of jumping performance in the arboreal Eastern
gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis, n = 3) as a greater
understanding of the biomechanical strategies that squirrels
use to modulate jumping performance could inform theories of
selection for increased jumping ability during early primate
evolution. We assessed vertical jumping performance by using
instrumented force platforms upon which were mounted
launching supports of various sizes, allowing us to test the
influence of substrate diameter on jumping kinetics and
performance. We used standard ergometric methods to quantify
jumping parameters (e.g., takeoff velocity, total
displacement, peak mechanical power) from force platform
data during push-off. We found that tree squirrels display
divergent mechanical strategies according to the type of
substrate, prioritizing force production on flat ground
versus center of mass displacement on narrower poles. As
jumping represents a significant part of the locomotor
behavior of most primates, we suggest that jumping from
small arboreal substrates may have acted as a potential
driver of the selection for elongated hindlimb segments in
primates, allowing the center of mass to be accelerated over
a longer distance-and thereby reducing the need for high
substrate reaction forces.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103386},
Key = {fds370862}
}
@article{fds371432,
Author = {Queen, RM and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Reflections on Presurgical and Postsurgical Gait Mechanics
After 50 Years of Total Ankle Arthroplasty and Perspectives
on the Next Decade of Advancement.},
Journal = {Foot and ankle clinics},
Volume = {28},
Number = {1},
Pages = {99-113},
Year = {2023},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcl.2022.10.005},
Abstract = {Although not the most prevalent form of lower limb
pathology, ankle arthritis is one of the most painful and
life-limiting forms of arthritis. Developing from overuse
and various traumatic injuries, the effect of ankle
arthritis on gait mechanics and effective treatment options
for ankle arthritis remain an area of extensive inquiry.
Although nonsurgical options are common (physical therapy,
limited weight-bearing, and steroidal injections), surgical
options are popular with patients. Fusion remains a common
approach to stabilize the joint and relieve pain. However,
starting in the early 1970s, total ankle arthroplasty was
proposed as an alternative to fusion.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.fcl.2022.10.005},
Key = {fds371432}
}
@article{fds369333,
Author = {Garrett, SG and Simmons Muckler and VC and Schmitt, DO and Hartwell, EH and Thompson, JA and Falyar, CR},
Title = {Improving Anesthesia Providers' Needle Cricothyrotomy
Success With Ultrasound-Guidance: A Cadave Quality
Improvement Project.},
Journal = {AANA journal},
Volume = {91},
Number = {1},
Pages = {15-21},
Year = {2023},
Month = {February},
Abstract = {Difficult and failed airway management remains a significant
cause of anesthesia-related morbidity and mortality. Failed
airway management guidelines include performing a
cricothyrotomy as a final step. Correct identification of
the cricothyroid membrane (CTM) is essential for safe and
accurate cricothyrotomy execution. Ten certified registered
nurse anesthetists were assessed for ultrasound-guided (USG)
needle cricothyrotomy competency following an online and
hands-on education session using a human cadaver and then
assessed 60 days later, without additional education or
preparation. Both knowledge and confidence improved
significantly when assessed immediately after education (P <
.05) and were maintained when assessed 60 days later.
Overall skill performance declined slightly from
post-training although the decline was not statistically
significant (P = .373). Overall needle placement time and
distance from the CTM improved, despite improper transducer
and image orientation by most participants. A one-hour
hybrid educational program can significantly improve
ultrasound and cricothyrotomy knowledge and confidence for
60 days. Transducer orientation may not be a significant
contributor to performing proper USG needle
cricothyrotomy.},
Key = {fds369333}
}
@article{fds366695,
Author = {Larsen, RJ and Queen, RM and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Adaptive locomotion: Foot strike pattern and limb mechanical
stiffness while running over an obstacle.},
Journal = {Journal of biomechanics},
Volume = {143},
Pages = {111283},
Year = {2022},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111283},
Abstract = {Previous studies of level running suggest runners adjust
foot strike to control leg stiffness. This study aimed to
determine how runners adjusted mechanical stiffness and foot
strike prior to, during, and after a drop in surface height.
Ten healthy subjects (5 male, 5 female; 24.32 ± 5.0 years)
were video recorded as they ran on an outdoor path with a
single drop in surface height (12.5 cm). Foot strike was
recorded, while subject velocity, duty factor (DF),
normalized maximum ground reaction force (GRF<sub>bw</sub>),
vertical hip displacement (Δy), leg compression (ΔL),
vertical (K<sub>vert</sub>) and leg stiffness
(K<sub>leg</sub>), touchdown (TD) and takeoff angle (TO),
and flight (T<sub>f</sub>) and contact time (T<sub>c</sub>)
were calculated. Compared to the step before the drop,
T<sub>f</sub>, GRF<sub>bw</sub>, K<sub>vert</sub>,
K<sub>leg</sub>, and TO increased, while T<sub>c</sub>, DF,
Δy, ΔL, and TD decreased in the step after the drop.
Across trials, runners had either consistent or variable
foot strike patterns. Runners using a consistent pattern
most often shifted from rear to fore-foot strike in the
steps before and after the drop, while those with a variable
pattern showed less dramatic shifts. All parameters, except
TD, were significantly different (p < 0.04) based on foot
strike pattern, and comparisons between steps before and
after the drop (except TD) were significantly different
(p < 0.004). Runners with a variable foot strike pattern
experienced smaller shifts within mechanical parameters when
traveling over the drop, suggesting these runners may be
able to stabilize limb mechanics on interrupted
surfaces.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111283},
Key = {fds366695}
}
@article{fds355598,
Author = {Hill, CN and Reed, W and Schmitt, D and Arent, SM and Sands, LP and Queen,
RM},
Title = {Factors contributing to racial differences in gait mechanics
differ by sex.},
Journal = {Gait & posture},
Volume = {95},
Pages = {277-283},
Year = {2022},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.02.024},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Racial differences in gait mechanics have
been recently reported, but we don't know what factors may
drive differences in gait and whether these factors are
innate or modifiable. The answers to those questions will
inform both basic research and clinical interventions and
outcomes.<h4>Research question</h4>Do anthropometric,
strength, and health status measures explain racial
differences in gait between African Americans (AA) and white
Americans (WA)?<h4>Methods</h4>Venous blood samples,
anthropometric measures, lower extremity strength, and an
assessment of health status were collected from 92
participants (18-30 years old) as part of an Institutional
Review Board-approved study. 3D motion capture and force
plate data were recorded during 7 walking trials at set
regular (1.35 m/s) and fast (1.6 m/s) speeds. Racial
differences in gait were identified at both speeds.
Correlations between anthropometric, strength, and health
status independent variables and outcome measures were
computed after stratifying data by sex. Stepwise linear
regression models evaluated whether the inclusion of
anthropometric, strength, and health status independent
variables explained racial effects.<h4>Results</h4>In males,
no racial differences in gait were explained by independent
variables. Q-angle and ankle dorsiflexion strength accounted
for racial differences in self-selected walking speed in
females. Racial differences in ankle plantarflexion angle
were explained by ankle plantarflexion strength
differences.<h4>Significance</h4>Factors that explain racial
differences in gait in females were both innate and
modifiable. These data make clear that it is important to
include racially diverse normative gait databases in
research studies. These results also identify potential
intervention targets aimed at reducing racial health
disparities.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.02.024},
Key = {fds355598}
}
@article{fds363367,
Author = {Grider-Potter, N and Zeininger, A and Schmitt, D and Snyder, M and McGrosky, A},
Title = {Energetic costs of hindlimb-dominated locomotion in sifakas
(Propithecus verreauxi).},
Journal = {FASEB J},
Volume = {36 Suppl 1},
Year = {2022},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.S1.R4619},
Abstract = {Human bipedal locomotion is unique, requiring a suite of
musculoskeletal adaptations that were acquired gradually
throughout hominin evolution. For example, lordotic lumbar
spines move the center of mass over the hip joint and
resists axial compression, short, laterally-oriented iliac
blades increase the leverage of the hip extensors and
abductors, and the adducted hallux facilitates weight
transfer during a propulsive toe-off. Sifakas and other
primates occasionally move bipedally in the wild, especially
in terrestrial settings, but because they lack specialized
anatomy, bipedal locomotion should be less efficient. In
this study we test the hypothesis that energy costs differ
among sifaka locomotor modes and predict that terrestrial
bipedal locomotion is associated with greater energy
expenditure than their more habitual mode of arboreal
locomotion, vertical clinging and leaping. Bipedal (n=77)
and vertical clinging and leaping (n=74) gait cycles were
filmed in nine sifakas at the Duke Lemur Center. Locomotor
data (stride length, peak body height of the cycle, and
velocity) were measured from these videos using ImageJ and
used to calculate energy expenditure using published
equations. Linear mixed models were used to statistically
test the differences in energy expenditure between locomotor
modes while accounting for the effects of velocity and
repeatedly measuring the same individuals. Results
demonstrate that the cost of bipedalism is significantly
greater than that of vertical clinging and leaping
(p<0.0001). This result supports the idea that the locomotor
adaptations in the hominin musculoskeletal system reduce the
cost of locomoting bipedally. Furthermore, because sifakas
rely on bipedal locomotion in terrestrial settings, these
results have conservation implications for understanding the
energetic demands of sifaka locomotion in deforested
habitats.},
Doi = {10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.S1.R4619},
Key = {fds363367}
}
@article{fds363229,
Author = {Hill, CN and Schmitt, D and Reed, W and Arent, SM and Sands, LP and Queen,
RM},
Title = {Racial differences in running and landing measures
associated with injury risk vary by sex},
Journal = {Sports Biomechanics},
Year = {2022},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2022.2056075},
Abstract = {It is unknown whether running and landing mechanics differ
between racial groups despite injury disparities between
African Americans (AA) and white Americans (WA). This study
aimed to identify potential racial differences in running
and landing mechanics and understand whether anthropometric,
strength, and health status factors contribute to these
differences. Venous blood samples, anthropometry,
lower-extremity strength, and health status assessments were
collected (n = 84, 18–30y). Three-dimensional motion
capture and force plate data were recorded during 7 running
and 7 drop vertical jump trials. Racial effects were
determined, and regression models evaluated explanatory
factors. AA females ran with longer stance times
(p = 0.003) than WA females, while AA males ran with
smaller loading rates (p = 0.046) and larger peak vertical
ground reaction forces (p = 0.036) than WA males. Frontal
plane knee range of motion during landing was greater in AA
females (p = 0.033) than WA females; larger waist
circumference and weaker knee extension strength accounted
for this significance. Although outcome measures were
associated with physiologic, anthropometric, and activity
measures, their explanatory power for race was ambiguous,
except for knee range of motion in females. Modifiable
factors explaining racial effects during landing in females
are potential intervention targets to reduce racial health
disparities in running and landing injuries.},
Doi = {10.1080/14763141.2022.2056075},
Key = {fds363229}
}
@article{fds358748,
Author = {Tasnim, N and Schmitt, D and Zeininger, A},
Title = {Effects of human variation on foot and ankle pain in rural
Madagascar.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {176},
Number = {2},
Pages = {308-320},
Year = {2021},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24392},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Foot and ankle dysfunction in
barefoot/minimally shod populations remains understudied.
Although factors affecting musculoskeletal pain in Western
populations are well-studied, little is known about how
types of work, gender, and body shape influence bone and
joint health in non-Western and minimally shod communities.
This study examines the effect of human variation on
locomotor disability in an agrarian community in
Madagascar.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>Foot measurements
were collected along with height, weight, age, and
self-report data on daily activity and foot and ankle pain
from 41 male and 48 female adults. A short form revised foot
function index (FFI-R), that measures functional disability
related to foot pain, was calculated. Raw and normalized
foot measurements were compared by gender and used in a
multiple linear regression model to determine predictors of
FFI-R.<h4>Results</h4>Compared to men, women reported higher
FFI-R scores (p = 0.014), spent more time on their feet
(p = 0.019), and had higher BMIs (p = 0.0001). For their
weight, women had significantly smaller and narrower feet
than men. Bimalleolar breadth (p = 0.0005) and foot length
(p = 0.0223) standardized by height, time spent on feet
(p = 0.0102), ankle circumference standardized by weight
(p = 0.0316), and age (p = 0.0090) were significant
predictors of FFI-R score.<h4>Discussion</h4>Our findings
suggest that human variation in anatomical and behavioral
patterns serve as significant explanations for increased
foot and ankle pain in women in this non-Western rural
population. Foot and ankle pain were prevalent at similar
levels to those in industrialized populations, indicating
that research should continue to examine its effect on
similar barefoot/minimally shod communities.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.24392},
Key = {fds358748}
}
@article{fds352382,
Author = {Zeininger, A and Schmitt, D and Hughes-Oliver, C and Queen,
RM},
Title = {The effect of ankle osteoarthritis and total ankle
arthroplasty on center of pressure position.},
Journal = {Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of
the Orthopaedic Research Society},
Volume = {39},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1245-1252},
Year = {2021},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jor.24857},
Abstract = {Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is a common surgical approach
for patients with end-stage ankle osteoarthritis (OA).
However, very little is known about the path of the center
of pressure (COP) of the foot, and thus important aspects of
load transfer, muscle mechanical advantage, and balance, in
patients before or after surgery. The objective of this
study was to trace the pathway of the COP under the foot in
patients with symptomatic ankle OA, comparing asymmetry
between affected and unaffected limbs. From force plate
data, proximodistal and mediolateral positions of the COP
beneath the foot were calculated and compared for the
affected and unaffected foot in patients with unilateral
ankle OA (N = 93) before and after TAA. Gender and age
at surgery had little or no effect in this study. Patients
with ankle OA had minimal COP position asymmetry before
surgery, and this asymmetry was reduced following surgery.
Before surgery, patients had a slower walking speed and a
shorter path of the COP which began relatively distal to the
heel and ended relatively proximal to the hallux. TAA
increased the proximodistal distance the COP traveled under
both the unaffected and affected foot, a pattern that was
maintained for over 2-year postsurgery. TAA allows patients
with ankle OA to maintain a longer COP path than they had
before surgery on both sides that is closer to that reported
for unaffected individuals, extending effectively from the
heel to the hallux, potentially improving pedal
mechanics.},
Doi = {10.1002/jor.24857},
Key = {fds352382}
}
@article{fds355908,
Author = {Clark, CM and Morgan, BT and Schmitt, D and Harman, RJ and Goode,
V},
Title = {Improving Emergency Cricothyroidotomies: Simulation-Based
Training for Critical Care Providers.},
Journal = {Critical care nursing quarterly},
Volume = {44},
Number = {2},
Pages = {203-213},
Year = {2021},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cnq.0000000000000354},
Abstract = {This article discusses skill proficiency of providers
related to emergency cricothyroidotomies. Various techniques
to improve procedural skills were studied. Accurate
identification of the cricothyroid membrane via palpation
remained consistently inadequate. High-fidelity simulation
including the use of human cadavers may be the preferred
method of skill training for crisis management. The authors
emphasize that additional research is needed regarding a
method for rapid cricothyroid membrane identification as
well as needle cricothyroidotomy versus surgical airway on
cadavers. More consistent training will enable emergency
care providers to perform this rare but lifesaving
skill.},
Doi = {10.1097/cnq.0000000000000354},
Key = {fds355908}
}
@article{fds351241,
Author = {Peebles, AT and Carroll, MM and Socha, JJ and Schmitt, D and Queen,
RM},
Title = {Validity of Using Automated Two-Dimensional Video Analysis
to Measure Continuous Sagittal Plane Running
Kinematics.},
Journal = {Annals of biomedical engineering},
Volume = {49},
Number = {1},
Pages = {455-468},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-020-02569-y},
Abstract = {Two-dimensional video analysis is commonly used to assess
kinematics when three-dimensional motion capture is
unavailable. However, videos are often assessed using manual
digitization, which limits the ability to extract outcomes
that require continuous data. Here, we introduced a method
to collect continuous kinematic data in 2D using an
inexpensive camera and an open-source automated marker
tracking program. We tested the validity of this method by
comparing 2D video analysis to 3D motion capture for
measuring sagittal-plane running kinematics. Twenty
uninjured participants ran on a treadmill for 1-min while
lower extremity kinematics were collected simultaneously in
3D using a motion capture system and in 2D using a single
digital camera, both at 120 Hz. Knee, ankle, and foot angle
at contact, peak knee flexion, knee flexion excursion, and
knee-ankle flexion vector coding variability were computed
using both the 3D and 2D kinematic data, and were compared
using intraclass correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman
plots. The agreement between collection methods was
excellent for foot angle at contact and knee flexion
excursion, good for ankle and knee angle at contact and
knee-ankle vector coding variability, and moderate for peak
knee flexion. However, Bland-Altman plots revealed
significant differences between the 2D and 3D collection
methods, which varied across study participants. These
low-cost methods could be useful for collecting continuous
sagittal plane running kinematics in non-laboratory
settings.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10439-020-02569-y},
Key = {fds351241}
}
@article{fds368052,
Author = {Queen, RM and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Sex-Specific Difference in Dynamic Balance Following Total
Hip Replacement.},
Journal = {Innovation in aging},
Volume = {5},
Number = {2},
Pages = {igab019},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab019},
Abstract = {<h4>Background and objectives</h4>Total hip arthroplasty
(THA) is a common surgical procedure in older adults (65
years or older). THA has high patient satisfaction, but
little is known about balance and mobility limitations after
surgery and if outcomes are sex-specific. This study was
aimed to evaluate post-THA asymmetry during unilateral
standing and a dynamic balance and reach test and test the
hypotheses that balance performance would be decreased on
the surgical limb and that balance deficits would be greater
in women than in men.<h4>Research design and
methods</h4>Primary, unilateral THA (70 male, 57 female)
patients completed a bilateral 10-s single-leg stance test.
Sixty male but only 34 female participants could maintain
unilateral balance for 10 s or greater. The cohort who
successfully completed the 10-s single-limb stance test then
completed a Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test in which the
maximum anterior (ANT), posteromedial (PM), and
posterolateral reach distances were obtained bilaterally and
used to calculate the asymmetry score. All variables were
compared using a mixed-model repeated-measures analysis of
variance (sex by limb), while independent samples <i>t</i>
tests were used to assess sex-specific asymmetry.<h4>Results</h4>Women
failed single-leg stance at a higher rate than men (85.7% vs
59.6%; <i>p =</i> .001). Reach distance was different
between limbs for all reach directions (<i>p</i> < .004)
with greater reach distance on the nonoperative limb for all
patients. Men had a greater reach distance in the ANT (<i>p
=</i> .004) and PM (<i>p =</i> .006) directions.<h4>Discussion
and implications</h4>These results indicate that post-THA,
the operative limb and female patients have greater balance
limitations. These results are novel and reveal sex-specific
patterns that emphasize the need for sex-specific
postoperative rehabilitation programs to improve long-term
outcomes, especially in older adults with muscle weakness
and balance deficits.},
Doi = {10.1093/geroni/igab019},
Key = {fds368052}
}
@article{fds352633,
Author = {Hill, CN and Reed, W and Schmitt, D and Sands, LP and Queen,
RM},
Title = {Racial differences in gait mechanics.},
Journal = {Journal of biomechanics},
Volume = {112},
Pages = {110070},
Year = {2020},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110070},
Abstract = {The effect of race has rarely been investigated in
biomechanics studies despite racial health disparities in
the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries and disease,
hindering both treatment and assessment of rehabilitation.
The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that
racial differences in gait mechanics exist between African
Americans (AA) and white Americans (WA). Ninety-two
participants (18-30 years old) were recruited with equal
numbers in each racial group and sex. Self-selected walking
speed was measured for each participant. 3D motion capture
and force plate data were recorded during 7 walking trials
at regular and fast set speeds. Step length, step width,
peak vertical ground reaction force, peak hip extension,
peak knee flexion, and peak ankle plantarflexion were
computed for all trials at both set speeds. Multivariate and
post-hoc univariate ANOVA models were fit to determine main
and interaction effects of sex and race (SPSS V26,
α = 0.05). Self-selected walking speed was slower in AA
(p = 0.004, ƞ<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.088). No
significant interactions between race and sex were
identified. Males took longer steps (regular: p < 0.001,
ƞ<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.288, fast: p < 0.001,
ƞ<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.193) and had larger peak
knee flexion (regular: p = 0.007, ƞ<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.081,
fast: p < 0.001, ƞ<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.188) and
ankle plantarflexion angles (regular: p = 0.050,
ƞ<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.044, fast: p = 0.049,
ƞ<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.044). Peak ankle
plantarflexion angle (regular: p = 0.012,
ƞ<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.071, fast: p < 0.001,
ƞ<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.137) and peak hip extension
angle during fast walking (p = 0.007, ƞ<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.083)
were smaller in AA. Equivalency in gait measures between
racial groups should not be assumed. Racially diverse study
samples should be prioritized in the development of future
research and individualized treatment protocols.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110070},
Key = {fds352633}
}
@article{fds350616,
Author = {Zeininger, A and Schmitt, D and Wunderlich, RE},
Title = {Mechanics of heel-strike plantigrady in African
apes.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {145},
Pages = {102840},
Year = {2020},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102840},
Abstract = {The initiation of a walking step with a heel strike is a
defining characteristic of humans and great apes but is
rarely found in other mammals. Despite the considerable
importance of heel strike to an understanding of human
locomotor evolution, no one has explicitly tested the
fundamental mechanical question of why great apes use a heel
strike. In this report, we test two hypotheses (1) that heel
strike is a function of hip protraction and/or knee
extension and (2) that short-legged apes with a midfoot that
dorsiflexes at heel lift and long digits for whom
digitigrady is not an option use heel-strike plantigrady.
This strategy increases hip translation while potentially
moderating the cost of redirecting the center of mass
('collisional costs') during stance via rollover along the
full foot from the heel to toes. We quantified hind limb
kinematics and relative hip translation in ten species of
primates, including lemurs, terrestrial and arboreal
monkeys, chimpanzees, and gorillas. Chimpanzees and gorillas
walked with relatively extended knees but only with
moderately protracted hips or hind limbs, partially
rejecting the first hypothesis. Nonetheless, chimpanzees
attained relative hip translations comparable with those of
digitigrade primates. Heel-strike plantigrady may be a
natural result of a need for increased hip translations when
forelimbs are relatively long and digitigrady is
morphologically restricted. In addition, foot rollover from
the heel to toe in large, short-legged apes may reduce
energetic costs of redirecting the center of mass at the
step-to-step transition as it appears to do in humans. Heel
strike appears to have been an important mechanism for
increasing hip translation, and possibly reducing energetic
costs, in early hominins and was fundamental to the
evolution of the modern human foot and human
bipedalism.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102840},
Key = {fds350616}
}
@article{fds348623,
Author = {Queen, R and Dickerson, L and Ranganathan, S and Schmitt,
D},
Title = {A novel method for measuring asymmetry in kinematic and
kinetic variables: The normalized symmetry
index.},
Journal = {Journal of biomechanics},
Volume = {99},
Pages = {109531},
Year = {2020},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109531},
Abstract = {Gait and movement asymmetries are important variables for
assessing locomotor mechanics in humans and other animals
and as a predictor of injury risk and success of clinical
interventions. The four indices used most often to assess
symmetry are not well designed for different variable types,
perform poorly when presented with cases of high asymmetry
or when variables are of low magnitude, and are easily
influenced by small variation in the signal. The purpose of
the present study was to test the performance of these
indices on previously unpublished data on ACL-R patients and
to propose a new index to resolve some of these limitations.
The performance of four currently used indices and a new
index-the Normalized Symmetry Index (NSI), which is scaled
to the range of variables being tested across multiple
trials-were compared using force and angular data on
participants who had undergone anterior cruciate ligament
reconstruction and healthy controls. The NSI performed well
compared to all other indices with all variables and had the
additional benefit of returning values that range from 0%
(full symmetry) to ±100% (full asymmetry). Therefore, the
NSI can serve as a universal index for assessing asymmetry
in humans, nonhuman animal models, and in a clinical context
for assessing risk for injury and clinical
outcomes.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109531},
Key = {fds348623}
}
@article{fds349709,
Author = {Cullen, MM and Schmitt, D and Granatosky, MC and Wall, CE and Platt, M and Larsen, R},
Title = {Gaze-behaviors of runners in a natural, urban running
environment.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {15},
Number = {5},
Pages = {e0233158},
Year = {2020},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233158},
Abstract = {Gaze-tracking techniques have advanced our understanding of
visual attention and decision making during walking and
athletic events, but little is known about how vision
influences behavior during running over common, natural
obstacles. This study tested hypotheses about whether
runners regularly collect visual information and pre-plan
obstacle clearance (feedforward control), make
improvisational adjustments (online control), or some
combination of both. In this study, the gaze profiles of 5
male and 5 female runners, fitted with a telemetric
gaze-tracking device, were used to identify the frequency of
fixations on an obstacle during a run. Overall, participants
fixated on the obstacle 2.4 times during the run, with the
last fixation occurring on average between 40% and 80% of
the run, suggesting runners potentially shifted from a
feedforward planning strategy to an online control strategy
during the late portions of the running trial. A negative
association was observed between runner velocity and average
number of fixations. Consistent with previous studies on
visual strategies used during walking, our results indicate
that visual attentiveness is part of an important
feedforward strategy for runners allowing them to safely
approach an obstacle. Thus, visual obstacle attention is a
key factor in the navigation of complex, natural landscapes
while running.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0233158},
Key = {fds349709}
}
@article{fds346141,
Author = {Abbott, EM and Nezwek, T and Schmitt, D and Sawicki,
GS},
Title = {Hurry Up and Get Out of the Way! Exploring the Limits of
Muscle-Based Latch Systems for Power Amplification.},
Journal = {Integrative and comparative biology},
Volume = {59},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1546-1558},
Year = {2019},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz141},
Abstract = {Animals can amplify the mechanical power output of their
muscles as they jump to escape predators or strike to
capture prey. One mechanism for amplification involves
muscle-tendon unit (MT) systems in which a spring element
(series elastic element [SEE]) is pre-stretched while held
in place by a "latch" that prevents immediate transmission
of muscle (or contractile element, CE) power to the load. In
principle, this storage phase is followed by a triggered
release of the latch, and elastic energy released from the
SEE enables power amplification (PRATIO=PLOAD/PCE,max >1.0),
whereby the peak power delivered from MT to the load exceeds
the maximum power limit of the CE in isolation. Latches
enable power amplification by increasing the muscle work
generated during storage and reducing the duration over
which that stored energy is released to power a movement.
Previously described biological "latches" include: skeletal
levers, anatomical triggers, accessory appendages, and even
antagonist muscles. In fact, many species that rely on
high-powered movements also have a large number of muscles
arranged in antagonist pairs. Here, we examine whether a
decaying antagonist force (e.g., from a muscle) could be
useful as an active latch to achieve controlled energy
transmission and modulate peak output power. We developed a
computer model of a frog hindlimb driven by a compliant MT.
We simulated MT power generated against an inertial load in
the presence of an antagonist force "latch" (AFL) with
relaxation time varying from very fast (10 ms) to very slow
(1000 ms) to mirror physiological ranges of antagonist
muscle. The fastest AFL produced power amplification
(PRATIO=5.0) while the slowest AFL produced power
attenuation (PRATIO=0.43). Notably, AFLs with relaxation
times shorter than ∼300 ms also yielded greater power
amplification (PRATIO>1.20) than the system driving the same
inertial load using only an agonist MT without any AFL.
Thus, animals that utilize a sufficiently fast relaxing AFL
ought to be capable of achieving greater power output than
systems confined to a single agonist MT tuned for maximum
PRATIO against the same load.},
Doi = {10.1093/icb/icz141},
Key = {fds346141}
}
@article{fds345670,
Author = {Queen, RM and Campbell, JC and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Gait Analysis Reveals that Total Hip Arthroplasty Increases
Power Production in the Hip During Level Walking and Stair
Climbing.},
Journal = {Clinical orthopaedics and related research},
Volume = {477},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1839-1847},
Year = {2019},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/corr.0000000000000809},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>total hip arthroplasty (THA) is
associated with decreased pain and improved function,
including increased walking speed, but it does not always
improve overall joint mechanics during activities of daily
living such as level walking and stair climbing. The hip's
ability to generate power to move and allow for smooth and
efficient forward motion is critical to success after
surgery. Although osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip limits the
power of the affected joint, it is not known whether other
joints in the affected limb or in the contralateral limb
need to produce more power to compensate. Additionally, it
is not known whether alterations in the production of power
before and after surgery are gender-specific.<h4>Questions/purposes</h4>(1)
Is there a change in the power production of the bilateral
ankles, knees, and hips during level walking before and
after patients undergo unilateral THA, and are there
important gender-specific differences in these findings? (2)
How do these findings differ for stair climbing?<h4>Methods</h4>Three-dimensional
motion and ground reaction force data were collected for 13
men and 13 women who underwent primary, unilateral THA. This
was a secondary analysis of previously collected data on
gait mechanics from 60 patients who underwent THA. In the
initial study, patients were included if they were scheduled
to undergo a primary, unilateral THA within 4 weeks of the
study and were able to walk without an assistive device.
Patients were recruited from the practices of four surgeons
at a single institution from 2008 to 2011. Patients were
included in the current study if they were enrolled in the
previous study, attended all three assessment visits
(preoperative and 6 weeks and 1 year postoperative), and,
during the preoperative visit, were able to walk without
using an assistive device and climb stairs without using a
handrail. Patients walked and ascended stairs at a
self-selected speed at the three assessment visits. The
power of each ankle, knee, or hip was calculated in Visual
3D using kinematic and kinetic data collected using motion
capture. Power for each joint was normalized to the total
power of the bilateral lower limbs by dividing the
individual joint power by the total lower-extremity joint
power. A mixed-model repeated-measures ANOVA was used to
determine differences in normalized joint power for the
ankle, knee, and hip, based on gender, limb (surgical-side
versus nonsurgical-side) and timepoint (preoperative and 6
weeks and 1 year postoperative).<h4>Results</h4>Surgical-side
absolute (preoperative: -0.2 ± 0.2 [CI, -0.3 to -0.2], 1
year postoperative: -0.5 ± 0.3 [CI, -0.6 to - 0.5]; p <
0.001) and normalized (preoperative: 0.05 ± 0.04 [CI,
0.03-0.06], 1 year postoperative: 0.08 ± 0.04 [CI,
0.06-0.09]; p = 0.020) hip power production increased during
walking. Surgical-side absolute (preoperative: 1.1 ± 0.3
[CI, 1.0-1.3], 1 year postoperative: 1.6 ± 0.2 [CI,
1.3-2.0]; p = 0.005) and normalized (preoperative: 0.16 ±
0.04 [CI, 0.14-0.18], 1 year postoperative: 0.21 ± 0.06
[CI, 0.18-0.24]; p = 0.008) hip power production increased
during stair climbing, while nonsurgical ankle absolute
(preoperative: 0.9 ± 0.5 [CI, 0.6 - 1.2], 1 year
postoperative: 0.6 ± 0.3 [CI, 0.4-0.8]; p = 0.064) and
normalized (preoperative: 0.13 ± 0.06 [CI, 0.10-0.16], 1
year postoperative: 0.08 ± 0.04 [CI, 0.06-0.10]; p = 0.015)
power decreased during stair climbing after THA. No
consistent effect of gender was observed.<h4>Conclusions</h4>In
this gait-analysis study, power was improved in hip joints
that were operated on, and power production in the
ipsilateral and contralateral ankles and ipsilateral hips
was reduced during level walking and stair climbing. The
success of surgical intervention must be based on restoring
reasonable balance of forces in the lower limb. Patients
with OA of the hip lose power production in this joint and
must compensate for the loss by producing power in other
joints, which then may become arthritic. To determine future
interventions, an understanding of whether changes in forces
or joint angle affect the change in joint power is needed.
Based on these results, THA appeared to effectively increase
hip power and reduce the need for compensatory power
production in other joints for both men and women in this
patient cohort.<h4>Level of evidence</h4>Level I, prognostic
study.},
Doi = {10.1097/corr.0000000000000809},
Key = {fds345670}
}
@article{fds342136,
Author = {Granatosky, MC and Schmitt, D},
Title = {The mechanical origins of arm-swinging.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {130},
Pages = {61-71},
Year = {2019},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.02.001},
Abstract = {Arm-swinging is a locomotor mode observed only in primates,
in which the hindlimbs no longer have a weight bearing
function and the forelimbs must propel the body forward and
support the entirety of the animal's mass. It has been
suggested that the evolution of arm-swinging was preceded by
a shift to inverted quadrupedal walking for purposes of
feeding and balance, yet little is known about the mechanics
of limb use during inverted quadrupedal walking. In this
study, we test whether the mechanics of inverted quadrupedal
walking make sense as precursors to arm-swinging and whether
there are fundamental differences in inverted quadrupedal
walking in primates compared to non-primate mammals that
would explain the evolution of arm-swinging in primates
only. Based on kinetic limb-loading data collected during
inverted quadrupedal walking in primates (seven species) and
non-primate mammals (three species), we observe that in
primates the forelimb serves as the primary propulsive and
weight bearing limb. Additionally, heavier individuals tend
to support a greater distribution of body weight on their
forelimbs than lighter ones. These kinetic patterns are not
observed in non-primate mammals. Based on these findings, we
propose that the ability to adopt arm-swinging is fairly
simple for relatively large-bodied primates and merely
requires the animal to release its grasping foot from the
substrate. This study fills an important gap concerning the
origins of arm-swinging and illuminates previously unknown
patterns of primate locomotor evolution.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.02.001},
Key = {fds342136}
}
@article{fds341872,
Author = {Miller, CE and Johnson, LE and Pinkard, H and Lemelin, P and Schmitt,
D},
Title = {Limb phase flexibility in walking: A test case in the
squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus)},
Journal = {Frontiers in Zoology},
Volume = {16},
Number = {1},
Year = {2019},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12983-019-0299-8},
Abstract = {Background: Previous analyses of factors influencing
footfall timings and gait selection in quadrupeds have
focused on the implications for energetic cost or gait
mechanics separately. Here we present a model for
symmetrical walking gaits in quadrupedal mammals that
combines both factors, and aims to predict the substrate
contexts in which animals will select certain ranges of
footfall timings that (1) minimize energetic cost, (2)
minimize rolling and pitching moments, or (3) balance the
two. We hypothesize that energy recovery will be a priority
on all surfaces, and will be the dominant factor determining
footfall timings on flat, ground-like surfaces. The ability
to resist pitch and roll, however, will play a larger role
in determining footfall choice on narrower and more complex
branch-like substrates. As a preliminary test of the
expectations of the model, we collected sample data on
footfall timings in a primate with relatively high
flexibility in footfall timings-the squirrel monkey (Saimiri
sciureus)-walking on a flat surface, straight pole, and a
pole with laterally-projecting branches to simulate
simplified ground and branch substrates. We compare limb
phase values on these supports to the expectations of the
model. Results: As predicted, walking steps on the flat
surface tended towards limb phase values that promote energy
exchange. Both pole substrates induced limb phase values
predicted to favor reduced pitching and rolling moments.
Conclusions: These data provide novel insight into the ways
in which animals may choose to adjust their behavior in
response to movement on flat versus complex substrates and
the competing selective factors that influence footfall
timing in mammals. These data further suggest a pathway for
future investigations using this perspective.},
Doi = {10.1186/s12983-019-0299-8},
Key = {fds341872}
}
@article{fds341494,
Author = {Miller, CE and Pinkard, H and Johnson, LE and Schmitt,
D},
Title = {Pitch control and speed limitation during overground
deceleration in lemurid primates.},
Journal = {Journal of morphology},
Volume = {280},
Number = {2},
Pages = {300-306},
Year = {2019},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20944},
Abstract = {An animal's fitness is influenced by the ability to move
safely through its environment. Recent models have shown
that aspects of body geometry, for example, limb length and
center of mass (COM) position, appear to set limits for
pitch control in cursorial quadrupeds. Models of pitch
control predict that the body shape of these and certain
other primates, with short forelimbs and posteriorly
positioned COM, should allow them to decelerate rapidly
while minimizing the risk of pitching forward. We chose to
test these models in two non-cursorial lemurs: Lemur catta,
the highly terrestrial ring-tailed lemur, and Eulemur
fulvus, the highly arboreal brown lemur. We modeled the
effects of changes in limb length and COM position on
maximum decelerative potential for both species, as well as
collecting data on maximal decelerations across whole
strides. In both species, maximum measured decelerations
fell below the range of pitch-limited deceleration values
predicted by the geometric model, with the ring-tailed lemur
approaching its pitch limit more closely. Both lemurs showed
decelerative potential equivalent to or higher than horses,
the only comparative model currently available. These data
reinforce the hypothesis that a relatively simple model of
body geometry can predict aspects of maximum performance in
animals. In this case, it appears that the body geometry of
primates is skewed toward avoiding forward pitch in maximal
decelerations.},
Doi = {10.1002/jmor.20944},
Key = {fds341494}
}
@article{fds341495,
Author = {Granatosky, MC and Schmitt, D and Hanna, J},
Title = {Comparison of spatiotemporal gait characteristics between
vertical climbing and horizontal walking in
primates.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Volume = {222},
Number = {Pt 2},
Pages = {jeb185702},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.185702},
Abstract = {During quadrupedal walking, most primates utilize
diagonal-sequence diagonal-couplet gaits, large limb
excursions and hindlimb-biased limb loading. These gait
characteristics are thought to be basal to primates, but the
selective pressure underlying these gait changes remains
unknown. Some researchers have examined these
characteristics during vertical climbing and propose that
primate quadrupedal gait characteristics may have arisen due
to the mechanical challenges of moving on vertical supports.
Unfortunately, these studies are usually limited in scope
and do not account for varying strategies based on body size
or phylogeny. Here, we test the hypothesis that the
spatiotemporal gait characteristics that are used during
horizontal walking in primates are also present during
vertical climbing irrespective of body size and phylogeny.
We examined footfall patterns, diagonality, speed and stride
length in eight species of primates across a range of body
masses. We found that, during vertical climbing, primates
slow down, keep more limbs in contact with the substrate at
any one time, and increase the frequency of lateral-sequence
gaits compared with horizontal walking. Taken together,
these characteristics are assumed to increase stability
during locomotion. Phylogenetic relatedness and body size
differences have little influence on locomotor patterns
observed across species. These data reject the idea that the
suite of spatiotemporal gait features observed in primates
during horizontal walking are in some way evolutionarily
linked to selective pressures associated with mechanical
requirements of vertical climbing. These results also
highlight the importance of behavioral flexibility for
negotiating the challenges of locomotion in an arboreal
environment.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.185702},
Key = {fds341495}
}
@article{fds338039,
Author = {Fabre, A-C and Granatosky, MC and Hanna, JB and Schmitt,
D},
Title = {Do forelimb shape and peak forces co-vary in
strepsirrhines?},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {167},
Number = {3},
Pages = {602-614},
Year = {2018},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23688},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>In this study, we explore whether ground
reaction forces recorded during horizontal walking co-vary
with the shape of the long bones of the forelimb in
strepsirrhines. To do so, we quantify (1) the shape of the
shaft and articular surfaces of each long bone of the
forelimb, (2) the peak vertical, mediolateral, and
horizontal ground reaction forces applied by the forelimb
during arboreal locomotion, and (3) the relationship between
the shape of the forelimb and peak forces.<h4>Materials and
methods</h4>Geometric morphometric approaches were used to
quantify the shape of the bones. Kinetic data were collected
during horizontal arboreal walking in eight species of
strepsirrhines that show variation in habitual substrate use
and morphology of the forelimb. These data were then used to
explore the links between locomotor behavior, morphology,
and mechanics using co-variation analyses in a phylogenetic
framework.<h4>Results</h4>Our results show significant
differences between slow quadrupedal climbers (lorises),
vertical clinger and leapers (sifaka), and active arboreal
quadrupeds (ring-tailed lemur, ruffed lemur) in both ground
reaction forces and the shape of the long bones of the
forelimb, with the propulsive and medially directed peak
forces having the highest impact on the shape of the
humerus. Co-variation between long bone shape and ground
reaction forces was detected in both the humerus and ulna
even when accounting for differences in body
mass.<h4>Discussion</h4>These results demonstrate the
importance of considering limb-loading beyond just peak
vertical force, or substrate reaction force. A re-evaluation
of osseous morphology and functional interpretations is
necessary in light of these findings.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23688},
Key = {fds338039}
}
@article{fds337047,
Author = {Snyder, ML and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Effects of aging on the biomechanics of Coquerel's sifaka
(Propithecus coquereli): Evidence of robustness to
senescence.},
Journal = {Experimental gerontology},
Volume = {111},
Pages = {235-240},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2018},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2018.07.019},
Abstract = {It is well-known that as humans age they experience
significant changes in gait including reduction in velocity
and ground reaction forces and changes in leg mechanics.
Progressive changes in gait can lead to disability and
frailty, defined as an inability to carry out activities of
daily living. This topic is relevant to basic understanding
of the aging process and for clinical intervention. As such,
studies of frailty can benefit from nonhuman animal models,
yet little is known about gait frailty in nonhuman primates.
This study examines a nonhuman primate model to evaluate its
relevance to understanding human aging processes. To test
the null hypothesis that age-related changes in joint
function and gait do occur in primate models in a similar
fashion to humans, a detailed gait analysis, including
velocity, footfall timings, and vertical ground reaction
forces, on bipedal locomotion was performed in Coquerel's
sifaka (Propithecus coquereli), ranging in age from
5 years to 24 years. None of the spatiotemporal or
kinetic gait variables measured was significantly correlated
with age alone. There was a slight but significant reduction
in locomotor velocity when animals were grouped into "young"
and "old" categories. These data show that aging P.
coquereli experience only subtle age-related changes, that
were not nearly as extensive as reported in humans. This
lack of change suggests that unlike humans, lemurs maintain
gait competency at high levels, possibly because these
animals maintain reproductive capacity close to their age of
death and that frailty may be selected against, since gait
disability would result in injury and death that would
preclude independent living. Although nonhuman primates
should experience age-related senescence, their locomotor
performance should remain robust throughout their lifetimes,
which raises questions about the use of primate models of
gait disability, an area that deserves further
investigation.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.exger.2018.07.019},
Key = {fds337047}
}
@article{fds337048,
Author = {Hughes-Oliver, CN and Srinivasan, D and Schmitt, D and Queen,
RM},
Title = {Gender and limb differences in temporal gait parameters and
gait variability in ankle osteoarthritis.},
Journal = {Gait & posture},
Volume = {65},
Pages = {228-233},
Year = {2018},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.07.180},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND:The effects of ankle osteoarthritis on gait are
noticeable in the clinic, but are difficult to quantify and
score without detailed kinematic and kinetic analysis.
Evaluationof temporal gait parameters and gait variability
is a potential alternative. RESEARCH QUESTION:This study
aimed to determine associations between limb and gender with
temporal gait parameters and gait variability in ankle OA
patients to evaluate the utility of these parameters for
gait assessment in a clinical setting. METHODS:Following
informed consent, 242 end-stage unilateral ankle OA patients
walked at self-selected speed across force plates. Means and
stride-to-stride standard deviations (SD) of stride, swing,
stance, and double support times were determined for each
patient. Limb x Gender ANCOVA models co-varying for walking
speed were run for swing and stance times, while stride and
double support times were only compared between genders.
Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS (α = 0.05).
RESULTS:Walking speed affected all measures of interest.
After adjusting for walking speed, mean stride time, stride
time SD, and stance time SD were 3.5%, 67% and 29% higher
among women than men (p = 0.002, 0.035 and 0.02
respectively). Swing time was 12% higher and stance time was
6% lower on the affected side compared to the unaffected
side (p < 0.001 for both). SIGNIFICANCE:Women have
longer stride times and higher variability, which may
indicate higher fall risk. Both genders minimized loading on
the affected limb by increasing swing time and reducing
stance time on the affected side. Simple, easy to record
temporal gait patterns can provide useful insight into gait
abnormalities in patients with ankle OA.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.07.180},
Key = {fds337048}
}
@article{fds329281,
Author = {Zeininger, A and Schmitt, D and Jensen, JL and Shapiro,
LJ},
Title = {Ontogenetic changes in foot strike pattern and calcaneal
loading during walking in young children.},
Journal = {Gait & posture},
Volume = {59},
Pages = {18-22},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.09.027},
Abstract = {The assumption that the morphology of the human calcaneus
reflects high and cyclical impact forces at heel strike
during adult human walking has never been experimentally
tested. Since a walking step with a heel strike is an
emergent behavior in children, an ontogenetic study provides
a natural experiment to begin testing the relationship
between the mechanics of heel strike and calcaneal anatomy.
This study examined the ground reaction forces (GRFs) of
stepping in children to determine the location of the center
of pressure (COP) relative to the calcaneus and the
orientation and magnitude of ground reaction forces during
foot contact. Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data
were analyzed for 18 children ranging in age from 11.5 to
43.1 months. Early steppers used a flat foot contact (FFC)
and experienced relatively high vertical and resultant GRFs
with COP often anterior to the calcaneus. More experienced
walkers used an initial heel contact (IHC) in which GRFs
were significantly lower but the center of pressure remained
under the heel a greater proportion of time. Thus, during
FFC the foot experienced higher loading, but the heel itself
was relatively wider and the load was distributed more
evenly. In IHC walkers load was concentrated on the anterior
calcaneus and a narrower heel, suggesting a need for
increased calcaneal robusticity during development to
mitigate injury. These results provide new insight into foot
loading outside of typical mature contact patterns, inform
structure-function relationships during development, and
illuminate potential causes of heel injury in young
walkers.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.09.027},
Key = {fds329281}
}
@article{fds332803,
Author = {Granatosky, MC and Fitzsimons, A and Zeininger, A and Schmitt,
D},
Title = {Mechanisms for the functional differentiation of the
propulsive and braking roles of the forelimbs and hindlimbs
during quadrupedal walking in primates and
felines.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Volume = {221},
Number = {Pt 2},
Pages = {jeb162917},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.162917},
Abstract = {During quadrupedal walking in most animals, the forelimbs
play a net braking role, whereas the hindlimbs are net
propulsive. However, the mechanism by which this
differentiation occurs remains unclear. Here, we test two
models to explain this pattern using primates and felines:
(1) the horizontal strut effect (in which limbs are modeled
as independent struts), and (2) the linked strut model (in
which limbs are modeled as linked struts with a center of
mass in between). Video recordings were used to determine
point of contact, timing of mid-stance, and limb
protraction/retraction duration. Single-limb forces were
used to calculate contact time, impulses and the proportion
of the stride at which the braking-to-propulsive transition
(BP) occurred for each limb. We found no association between
the occurrence of the BP and mid-stance, little influence of
protraction and retraction duration on the
braking-propulsive function of a limb, and a causative
relationship between vertical force distribution between
limbs and the patterns of horizontal forces. These findings
reject the horizontal strut effect, and provide some support
for the linked strut model, although predictions were not
perfectly matched. We suggest that the position of the
center of mass relative to limb contact points is a very
important, but not the only, factor driving functional
differentiation of the braking and propulsive roles of the
limbs in quadrupeds. It was also found that primates have
greater differences in horizontal impulse between their
limbs compared with felines, a pattern that may reflect a
fundamental arboreal adaptation in primates.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.162917},
Key = {fds332803}
}
@article{fds329280,
Author = {Queen, RM and Franck, CT and Schmitt, D and Adams,
SB},
Title = {Are There Differences in Gait Mechanics in Patients With A
Fixed Versus Mobile Bearing Total Ankle Arthroplasty? A
Randomized Trial.},
Journal = {Clin Orthop Relat Res},
Volume = {475},
Number = {10},
Pages = {2599-2606},
Year = {2017},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11999-017-5405-7},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is an alternative
to arthrodesis, but no randomized trial has examined whether
a fixed bearing or mobile bearing implant provides improved
gait mechanics. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We wished to determine
if fixed- or mobile-bearing TAA results in a larger
improvement in pain scores and gait mechanics from before
surgery to 1 year after surgery, and to quantify
differences in outcomes using statistical analysis and
report the standardized effect sizes for such comparisons.
METHODS: Patients with end-stage ankle arthritis who were
scheduled for TAA between November 2011 and June 2013
(n = 40; 16 men, 24 women; average age, 63 years; age
range, 35-81 years) were prospectively recruited for this
study from a single foot and ankle orthopaedic clinic.
During this period, 185 patients underwent TAA, with 144
being eligible to participate in this study. Patients were
eligible to participate if they were able to meet all study
inclusion criteria, which were: no previous diagnosis of
rheumatoid arthritis, a contralateral TAA, bilateral ankle
arthritis, previous revision TAA, an ankle fusion revision,
or able to walk without the use of an assistive device,
weight less than 250 pounds (114 kg), a sagittal or coronal
plane deformity less than 15°, no presence of avascular
necrosis of the distal tibia, no current neuropathy, age
older than 35 years, no history of a talar neck fracture,
or an avascular talus. Of the 144 eligible patients, 40
consented to participate in our randomized trial. These 40
patients were randomly assigned to either the fixed
(n = 20) or mobile bearing implant group (n = 20).
Walking speed, bilateral peak dorsiflexion angle, peak
plantar flexion angle, sagittal plane ankle ROM, peak ankle
inversion angle, peak plantar flexion moment, peak plantar
flexion power during stance, peak weight acceptance, and
propulsive vertical ground reaction force were analyzed
during seven self-selected speed level walking trials for 33
participants using an eight-camera motion analysis system
and four force plates. Seven patients were not included in
the analysis owing to cancelled surgery (one from each
group) and five were lost to followup (four with fixed
bearing and one with mobile bearing implants). A series of
effect-size calculations and two-sample t-tests comparing
postoperative and preoperative increases in outcome
variables between implant types were used to determine the
differences in the magnitude of improvement between the two
patient cohorts from before surgery to 1 year after
surgery. The sample size in this study enabled us to detect
a standardized shift of 1.01 SDs between group means with
80% power and a type I error rate of 5% for all outcome
variables in the study. RESULTS: This randomized trial did
not reveal any differences in outcomes between the two
implant types under study at the sample size collected. In
addition to these results, effect size analysis suggests
that changes in outcome differ between implant types by less
than 1 SD. Detection of the largest change score or observed
effect (propulsive vertical ground reaction force [Fixed:
0.1 ± 0.1; 0.0-1.0; Mobile: 0.0 ± 0.1; 0.0-0.0;
p = 0.0.051]) in this study would require a future trial
to enroll 66 patients. However, the smallest change score or
observed effect (walking speed [Fixed: 0.2 ± 0.3;
0.1-0.4; Mobile: 0.2 ± 0.3; 0.0-0.3; p = 0.742])
requires a sample size of 2336 to detect a significant
difference with 80% power at the observed effect sizes.
CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first randomized
study to report the observed effect size comparing
improvements in outcome measures between fixed and mobile
bearing implant types. This study was statistically powered
to detect large effects and descriptively analyze observed
effect sizes. Based on our results there were no
statistically or clinically meaningful differences between
the fixed and mobile bearing implants when examining gait
mechanics and pain 1 year after TAA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Level II, therapeutic study.},
Doi = {10.1007/s11999-017-5405-7},
Key = {fds329280}
}
@article{fds328892,
Author = {Hanna, JB and Granatosky, MC and Rana, P and Schmitt,
D},
Title = {The evolution of vertical climbing in primates: evidence
from reaction forces.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Volume = {220},
Number = {Pt 17},
Pages = {3039-3052},
Year = {2017},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.157628},
Abstract = {Vertical climbing is an essential behavior for arboreal
animals, yet limb mechanics during climbing are poorly
understood and rarely compared with those observed during
horizontal walking. Primates commonly engage in both
arboreal walking and vertical climbing, and this makes them
an ideal taxa in which to compare these locomotor forms.
Additionally, primates exhibit unusual limb mechanics
compared with most other quadrupeds, with weight
distribution biased towards the hindlimbs, a pattern that is
argued to have evolved in response to the challenges of
arboreal walking. Here we test an alternative hypothesis
that functional differentiation between the limbs evolved
initially as a response to climbing. Eight primate species
were recorded locomoting on instrumented vertical and
horizontal simulated arboreal runways. Forces along the axis
of, and normal to, the support were recorded. During
walking, all primates displayed forelimbs that were net
braking, and hindlimbs that were net propulsive. In
contrast, both limbs served a propulsive role during
climbing. In all species, except the lorisids, the hindlimbs
produced greater propulsive forces than the forelimbs during
climbing. During climbing, the hindlimbs tends to support
compressive loads, while the forelimb forces tend to be
primarily tensile. This functional disparity appears to be
body-size dependent. The tensile loading of the forelimbs
versus the compressive loading of the hindlimbs observed
during climbing may have important evolutionary implications
for primates, and it may be the case that hindlimb-biased
weight support exhibited during quadrupedal walking in
primates may be derived from their basal condition of
climbing thin branches.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.157628},
Key = {fds328892}
}
@article{fds328893,
Author = {Granatosky, MC and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Forelimb and hind limb loading patterns during below branch
quadrupedal locomotion in the two-toed sloth},
Journal = {Journal of Zoology},
Volume = {302},
Number = {4},
Pages = {271-278},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12455},
Abstract = {The living sloths are the most suspensory of all extant
mammals, and therefore represent ideal models for
investigating the effects that suspensory behaviours have on
bone and joint morphology. While the anatomy and kinematics
of sloths are well known, no research has reported kinetic
patterns of sloth locomotion. This study examines peak force
patterns generated by the two-toed sloth Choloepus
didactylus during below branch quadrupedal walking to infer
how kinetic patterns of sloths compare to data reported on
non-human primates. Values for vertical, fore-aft, and
mediolateral peak forces were collected for the forelimb and
hind limb, and analyses between the magnitude and timing of
these peaks were compared between forelimbs and hind limbs.
Patterns and timing of fore-aft peak forces were similar
between sloths and non-human primates, and were
characterized by first a propulsive force as the limb first
made contact with the support followed by braking force
prior to lift-off. Similarly, both sloths and primates
demonstrate a medially directed force bias onto the
substrate during below branch quadrupedal locomotion,
although the magnitude observed in sloths exceeds values
reported in primates. Peak vertical forces applied by the
forelimbs and hind limbs of sloths were not statistically
different in magnitude from each other. Data from this study
indicate the forelimbs and hind limbs of sloths are
functioning similarly to each other during below branch
quadrupedal locomotion, and that forelimb-biased weight
support, the pattern typical of primates, is not a
mechanical requirement of suspensory locomotion across all
mammals. These findings provide important information about
the mechanical necessities of below branch movement, and
data from this study should be used when considering
mechanical convergence among suspensory taxa and the
interpretation of suspensory limb adaptations in the fossil
record.},
Doi = {10.1111/jzo.12455},
Key = {fds328893}
}
@article{fds327238,
Author = {Fabre, A-C and Marigó, J and Granatosky, MC and Schmitt,
D},
Title = {Functional associations between support use and forelimb
shape in strepsirrhines and their relevance to inferring
locomotor behavior in early primates.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {108},
Pages = {11-30},
Year = {2017},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.03.012},
Abstract = {The evolution of primates is intimately linked to their
initial invasion of an arboreal environment. However, moving
and foraging in this milieu creates significant mechanical
challenges related to the presence of substrates differing
in their size and orientation. It is widely assumed that
primates are behaviorally and anatomically adapted to
movement on specific substrates, but few explicit tests of
this relationship in an evolutionary context have been
conducted. Without direct tests of form-function
relationships in living primates it is impossible to
reliably infer behavior in fossil taxa. In this study, we
test a hypothesis of co-variation between forelimb
morphology and the type of substrates used by
strepsirrhines. If associations between anatomy and
substrate use exist, these can then be applied to better
understand limb anatomy of extinct primates. The
co-variation between each forelimb long bone and the type of
substrate used was studied in a phylogenetic context. Our
results show that despite the presence of significant
phylogenetic signal for each long bone of the forelimb,
clear support use associations are present. A strong
co-variation was found between the type of substrate used
and the shape of the radius, with and without taking
phylogeny into account, whereas co-variation was significant
for the ulna only when taking phylogeny into account.
Species that use a thin branch milieu show radii that are
gracile and straight and have a distal articular shape that
allows for a wide range of movements. In contrast, extant
species that commonly use large supports show a relatively
robust and curved radius with an increased surface area
available for forearm and hand muscles in pronated posture.
These results, especially for the radius, support the idea
that strepsirrhine primates exhibit specific skeletal
adaptations associated with the supports that they
habitually move on. With these robust associations in hand
it will be possible to explore the same variables in extinct
early primates and primate relatives and thus improve the
reliability of inferences concerning substrate use in early
primates.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.03.012},
Key = {fds327238}
}
@article{fds325684,
Author = {Gruss, LT and Gruss, R and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Pelvic Breadth and Locomotor Kinematics in Human
Evolution.},
Journal = {Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)},
Volume = {300},
Number = {4},
Pages = {739-751},
Editor = {Rosenberg, KR and Desilva, JM},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.23550},
Abstract = {A broad pelvis is characteristic of most, if not all,
pre-modern hominins. In at least some early
australopithecines, most notably the female Australopithecus
afarensis specimen known as "Lucy," it is very broad and
coupled with very short lower limbs. In 1991, Rak suggested
that Lucy's pelvic anatomy improved locomotor efficiency by
increasing stride length through rotation of the wide pelvis
in the axial plane. Compared to lengthening strides by
increasing flexion and extension at the hips, this mechanism
could avoid potentially costly excessive vertical
oscillations of the body's center of mass (COM). Here, we
test this hypothesis. We examined 3D kinematics of walking
at various speeds in 26 adult subjects to address the
following questions: Do individuals with wider pelves take
longer strides, and do they use a smaller degree of hip
flexion and extension? Is pelvic rotation greater in
individuals with shorter legs, and those with narrower
pelves? Our results support Rak's hypothesis. Subjects with
wider pelves do take longer strides for a given velocity,
and for a given stride length they flex and extend their
hips less, suggesting a smoother pathway of the COM.
Individuals with shorter legs do use more pelvic rotation
when walking, but pelvic breadth was not related to pelvic
rotation. These results suggest that a broad pelvis could
benefit any bipedal hominin, but especially a short-legged
australopithecine such as Lucy, by improving locomotor
efficiency, particularly when carrying an infant or
traveling in a foraging group with individuals of varying
sizes. Anat Rec, 300:739-751, 2017. © 2017 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.23550},
Key = {fds325684}
}
@article{fds322453,
Author = {Larsen, RJ and Jackson, WH and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Mechanisms for regulating step length while running towards
and over an obstacle.},
Journal = {Human movement science},
Volume = {49},
Pages = {186-195},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2016.07.002},
Abstract = {The ability to run across uneven terrain with continuous
stable movement is critical to the safety and efficiency of
a runner. Successful step-to-step stabilization while
running may be mediated by minor adjustments to a few key
parameters (e.g., leg stiffness, step length, foot strike
pattern). However, it is not known to what degree runners in
relatively natural settings (e.g., trails, paved road,
curbs) use the same strategies across multiple steps. This
study investigates how three readily measurable running
parameters - step length, foot placement, and foot strike
pattern - are adjusted in response to encountering a typical
urban obstacle - a sidewalk curb. Thirteen subjects were
video-recorded as they ran at self-selected slow and fast
paces. Runners targeted a specific distance before the curb
for foot placement, and lengthened their step over the curb
(p<0.0001) regardless of where the step over the curb was
initiated. These strategies of adaptive locomotion disrupt
step cycles temporarily, and may increase locomotor cost and
muscle loading, but in the end assure dynamic stability and
minimize the risk of injury over the duration of a
run.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.humov.2016.07.002},
Key = {fds322453}
}
@article{fds329921,
Author = {Burgess, ML and Schmitt, D and Zeininger, A and McFarlin, SC and Zihlman, AL and Polk, JD and Ruff, CB},
Title = {Ontogenetic scaling of fore limb and hind limb joint posture
and limb bone cross-sectional geometry in vervets and
baboons.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {161},
Number = {1},
Pages = {72-83},
Year = {2016},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23009},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Previous studies suggest that the
postures habitually adopted by an animal influence the
mechanical loading of its long bones. Relatively extended
limb postures in larger animals should preferentially reduce
anteroposterior (A-P) relative to mediolateral (M-L) bending
of the limb bones and therefore decrease A-P/M-L rigidity.
We test this hypothesis by examining growth-related changes
in limb bone structure in two primate taxa that differ in
ontogenetic patterns of joint posture.<h4>Materials and
methods</h4>Knee and elbow angles of adult and immature
vervets (Chlorocebus aethiops, n = 16) were compared to
published data for baboons (Papio hamadryas ursinus,
n = 33, Patel et al., ). Ontogenetic changes in ratios
of A-P/M-L bending rigidity in the femur and humerus were
compared in skeletal samples (C. aethiops, n = 28; P.
cynocephalus, n = 39). Size changes were assessed with
linear regression, and age group differences tested with
ANOVA.<h4>Results</h4>Only the knee of baboons shows
significant postural change, becoming more extended with age
and mass. A-P/M-L bending rigidity of the femur decreases
during ontogeny in immature and adult female baboons only.
Trends in the humerus are less marked. Adult male baboons
have higher A-P/M-L bending rigidity of the femur than
females.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The hypothesized relationship
between more extended joints and reduced A-P/M-L bending
rigidity is supported by our results for immature and adult
female baboon hind limbs, and the lack of significant age
changes in either parameter in forelimbs and vervets. Adult
males of both species depart from general ontogenetic
trends, possibly due to socially mediated behavioral
differences between sexes. Am J Phys Anthropol 161:72-83,
2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23009},
Key = {fds329921}
}
@article{fds322454,
Author = {Queen, RM and Sparling, TL and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Hip, Knee, and Ankle Osteoarthritis Negatively Affects
Mechanical Energy Exchange.},
Journal = {Clinical orthopaedics and related research},
Volume = {474},
Number = {9},
Pages = {2055-2063},
Year = {2016},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11999-016-4921-1},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Individuals with osteoarthritis (OA) of
the lower limb find normal locomotion tiring compared with
individuals without OA, possibly because OA of any lower
limb joint changes limb mechanics and may disrupt transfer
of potential and kinetic energy of the center of mass during
walking, resulting in increased locomotor costs. Although
recovery has been explored in asymptomatic individuals and
in some patient populations, the effect of changes in these
gait parameters on center of mass movements and mechanical
work in patients with OA in specific joints has not been
well examined. The results can be used to inform clinical
interventions and rehabilitation that focus on improving
energy recovery.<h4>Questions/purposes</h4>We hypothesized
that (1) individuals with end-stage lower extremity OA would
exhibit a decrease in walking velocity compared with
asymptomatic individuals and that the joint affected with OA
would differntially influence walking velocity, (2)
individuals with end-stage lower extremity OA would show
decreased energy recovery compared with asymptomatic
individuals and that individuals with end-stage hip and
ankle OA would have greater reductions in recovery than
would individuals with end-stage knee OA owing to
restrictions in hip and ankle motion, and (3) that
differences in the amplitude and congruity of the center of
mass would explain the differences in energy recovery that
are observed in each population.<h4>Methods</h4>Ground
reaction forces at a range of self-selected walking speeds
were collected from individuals with end-stage radiographic
hip OA (n = 27; 14 males, 13 females; average age, 55.6
years; range, 41-70 years), knee OA (n = 20; seven males, 13
females; average age, 61.7 years; range, 49-74 years), ankle
OA (n = 30; 14 males, 16 females; average age, 57 years;
range, 45-70 years), and asymptomatic individuals (n = 13;
eight males, five females; average age, 49.8 years; range,
41-67 years). Participants were all patients with end-stage
OA who were scheduled to have joint replacement surgery
within 4 weeks of testing. All patients were identified by
the orthopaedic surgeon as having end-stage radiographic
disease and to be a candidate for joint replacement surgery.
Patients were excluded if they had pain at any other lower
extremity joint, previous joint replacement surgery, or
needed to use an assistive device for ambulation. Patients
were enrolled if they met the study inclusion criteria. Our
study was comparative and cohorts could be compared with
each other, however, the asymptomatic group served to verify
our methods and provided a recovery standard with which we
could compare our patients. Potential and kinetic energy
relationships (% congruity) and energy exchange (% recovery)
were calculated. Linear regressions were used to examine the
effect of congruity and amplitude of energy fluctuations and
walking velocity on % recovery. Analysis of covariance was
used to compare energy recovery between groups.<h4>Results</h4>The
results of this study support our hypothesis that
individuals with OA walk at a slower velocity than
asymptomatic individuals (1.4 ± 0.2 m/second, 1.2-1.5
m/second) and that the joint affected by OA also affects
walking velocity (p < 0.0001). The cohort with ankle OA (0.9
± 0.2 m/second, 0.77-0.94 m/second) walked at a slower
speed relative to the cohort with hip OA (1.1 ± 0.2
m/second, 0.96-1.1 m/second; p = 0.002). However, when
comparing the cohorts with ankle and knee OA (0.9 ± 0.2
m/second, 0.77-0.94 m/second) there was no difference in
walking speed (p = 0.16) and the same was true when
comparing the cohorts with knee and hip OA (p = 0.14).
Differences in energy recovery existed when comparing the OA
cohorts with the asymptomatic cohort and when examining
differences between the OA cohorts. After adjusting for
walking speeds these results showed that asymptomatic
individuals (65% ± 3%, 63%-67%) had greater recovery than
individuals with hip OA (54% ± 10%, 50%-58%; p = 0.014) and
ankle OA (47% ± 13%, 40%-52%; p = 0.002) but were not
different compared with individuals with knee OA (57% ±
10%, 53%-62%; p = 0.762). When speed was accounted for, 80%
of the variation in recovery not attributable to speed was
explained by congruity with only 10% being explained by
amplitude.<h4>Conclusions</h4>OA in the hip, knee, or ankle
reduces effective exchange of potential and kinetic energy,
potentially increasing the muscular work required to control
movements of the center of mass.<h4>Clinical
relevance</h4>The fatigue and limited physical activity
reported in patients with lower extremity OA could be
associated with increased mechanical work of the center of
mass. Focused gait retraining potentially could improve
walking mechanics and decrease fatigue in these
patients.},
Doi = {10.1007/s11999-016-4921-1},
Key = {fds322454}
}
@misc{fds346142,
Author = {Schmitt, D and Zeininger, A and Granatosky, M},
Title = {Patterns, variability, and flexibility of hand posture
during locomotion in primates.},
Pages = {345-369},
Booktitle = {The Evolution of the Primate Hand Anatomical, Developmental,
Functional, and Paleontological Evidence},
Publisher = {Springer},
Editor = {Kivell, T and Lemelin, P and Richmond, B and Schmitt,
D},
Year = {2016},
Month = {August},
ISBN = {9781493936465},
Abstract = {Labeling the primate hand as “primitive” can seem
counterintuitive given the remarkable dexterity typical of
primates and especially humans. In addition, there is
considerable diversity in primate hand form and use that
allows the exploitation of ...},
Key = {fds346142}
}
@article{fds322455,
Author = {Granatosky, MC and Tripp, CH and Fabre, A-C and Schmitt,
D},
Title = {Patterns of quadrupedal locomotion in a vertical clinging
and leaping primate (Propithecus coquereli) with
implications for understanding the functional demands of
primate quadrupedal locomotion.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {160},
Number = {4},
Pages = {644-652},
Year = {2016},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22991},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Many primates exhibit a suite of
characteristics that distinguish their quadrupedal gaits
from non-primate mammals including the use of a diagonal
sequence gait, a relatively protracted humerus at touchdown,
and relatively high peak vertical forces on the hindlimbs
compared to the forelimbs. These characteristics are thought
to have evolved together in early, small-bodied primates
possibly in response to the mechanical demands of navigating
and foraging in a complex arboreal environment. It remains
unclear, however, whether primates that employ
quadrupedalism only rarely demonstrate the common primate
pattern of quadrupedalism or instead use the common
non-primate pattern or an entirely different mechanical
pattern from either group.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>This
study compared the kinematics and kinetics of two habitually
quadrupedal primates (Lemur catta and Varecia variegata) to
those of a dedicated vertical clinger and leaper
(Propithecus coquereli) during bouts of quadrupedal
walking.<h4>Results</h4>All three species employed diagonal
sequence gaits almost exclusively, displayed similar degrees
of humeral protraction, and exhibited lower vertical peak
forces in the forelimbs compared to the hindlimb.<h4>Discussion</h4>From
the data in this study, it is possible to reject the idea
that P. coquereli uses a non-primate pattern of quadrupedal
walking mechanics. Nor do they use an entirely different
mechanical pattern from either most primates or most
non-primates during quadrupedal locomotion. These findings
provide support for the idea that this suite of
characteristics is adaptive for the challenges of arboreal
locomotion in primates and that these features of primate
locomotion may be basal to the order or evolved
independently in multiple lineages including indriids. Am J
Phys Anthropol 160:644-652, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22991},
Key = {fds322455}
}
@article{fds322456,
Author = {Granatosky, MC and Tripp, CH and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Gait kinetics of above- and below-branch quadrupedal
locomotion in lemurid primates.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Volume = {219},
Number = {Pt 1},
Pages = {53-63},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.120840},
Abstract = {For primates and other mammals moving on relatively thin
branches, the ability to effectively adopt both above- and
below-branch locomotion is seen as critical for successful
arboreal locomotion, and has been considered an important
step prior to the evolution of specialized suspensory
locomotion within our Order. Yet, little information exists
on the ways in which limb mechanics change when animals
shift from above- to below-branch quadrupedal locomotion.
This study tested the hypothesis that vertical force
magnitude and distribution do not vary between locomotor
modes, but that the propulsive and braking roles of the
forelimb change when animals shift from above- to
below-branch quadrupedal locomotion. We collected kinetic
data on two lemur species (Varecia variegata and Lemur
catta) walking above and below an instrumented arboreal
runway. Values for peak vertical, braking and propulsive
forces as well as horizontal impulses were collected for
each limb. When walking below branch, both species
demonstrated a significant shift in limb kinetics compared
with above-branch movement. The forelimb became both the
primary weight-bearing limb and propulsive organ, while the
hindlimb reduced its weight-bearing role and became the
primary braking limb. This shift in force distribution
represents a shift toward mechanics associated with bimanual
suspensory locomotion, a locomotor mode unusual to primates
and central to human evolution. The ability to make this
change is not accompanied by significant anatomical changes,
and thus likely represents an underlying mechanical
flexibility present in most primates.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.120840},
Key = {fds322456}
}
@article{fds290832,
Author = {Johnson, LE and Hanna, J and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Single-limb force data for two lemur species while
vertically clinging.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {158},
Number = {3},
Pages = {463-474},
Year = {2015},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22803},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Vertical clinging and climbing have been
integral to hypotheses about primate origins, yet little is
known about how an animal with nails instead of claws
resists gravity while on large, vertical, and cylindrical
substrates. Here we test models of how force is applied to
maintain posture, predicting (1) the shear component force
(Fs ) at the hands will be higher than the feet; (2) the
normal component force (Fn ) at the feet will be relatively
high compared to the hands; (3) the component force
resisting gravity (Fg ) at the feet will be relatively high
compared to the hands; (4) species with a high frequency of
vertical clinging postures will have low Fg at the hands due
to relatively short forelimbs.<h4>Materials and
methods</h4>Using a novel instrumented support, single-limb
force data were collected during clinging postures for the
hands and feet and compared across limbs and species for
Propithecus verreauxi (N = 2), a habitual vertical
clinger and leaper, and Varecia variegata (N = 3), a
habitual above-branch arboreal quadruped.<h4>Results</h4>For
both species, hand Fs were significantly higher than at the
feet and Fn and Fg at the feet were significantly higher
than at the hands. Between species, P. verreauxi has
relatively low Fg at the hands and Fn at the feet than V.
vareigata.<h4>Discussion</h4>These results support previous
models and show that hindlimb loading dominance,
characteristic of primate locomotion, is found during
clinging behaviors and may allow the forelimbs to be used
for foraging while clinging. These findings provide insight
into selective pressures on force distribution in primates
and primate locomotor evolution.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22803},
Key = {fds290832}
}
@article{fds241056,
Author = {Schmitt, D and Vap, A and Queen, RM},
Title = {Effect of end-stage hip, knee, and ankle osteoarthritis on
walking mechanics.},
Journal = {Gait & posture},
Volume = {42},
Number = {3},
Pages = {373-379},
Year = {2015},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0966-6362},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.07.005},
Abstract = {This study tested the hypothesis that the presence of
isolated ankle (A-OA; N=30), knee (K-OA; N=20), or hip
(H-OA; N=30) osteoarthritis (OA) compared to asymptomatic
controls (N=15) would lead to mechanical changes in the
affected joint but also in all other lower limb joints and
gait overall. Stride length, stance and swing times, as well
as joint angles and moments at the hip, knee, and ankle were
derived from 3-D kinematic and kinetic data collected from
seven self-selected speed walking trial. Values were
compared across groups using a 1×4 ANCOVA, covarying for
walking speed. With walking speed controlled, the results
indicated a reduction in hip and knee extension and ankle
plantar flexion in accordance with the joint affected. In
addition, OA in one joint had strong effects on other
joints. In both H-OA and K-OA groups the hip never passed
into extension, and A-OA subjects significantly changed hip
kinematics to compensate for lack of plantar flexion.
Finally, OA in any joint led to lower peak vertical forces
as well as extension and plantar flexion moments compared to
controls. The presence of end-stage OA at various lower
extremity joints results in compensatory gait mechanics that
cause movement alterations throughout the lower extremity.
This work reinforces our understanding of the complex
interaction of joints of the lower limb and the importance
of focusing on the mechanics of the entire lower limb when
considering gait disability and potential interventions in
patients with isolated OA.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.07.005},
Key = {fds241056}
}
@article{fds241051,
Author = {Rabey, KN and Li, Y and Norton, JN and Reynolds, RP and Schmitt,
D},
Title = {Vibrating Frequency Thresholds in Mice and Rats:
Implications for the Effects of Vibrations on Animal
Health.},
Journal = {Ann Biomed Eng},
Volume = {43},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1957-1964},
Year = {2015},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0090-6964},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-014-1226-y},
Abstract = {Vibrations in research facilities can cause complex animal
behavioral and physiological responses that can affect
animal health and research outcomes. The goal of this study
was to determine the range of frequency values, where
animals are unable to attenuate vibrations, and therefore
may be most susceptible to their effects. Anesthetized and
euthanized adult rats and mice were exposed to vibration
frequencies over a wide range (0-600 Hz) and at a constant
magnitude of 0.3 m/s(2). Euthanized animals were
additionally exposed to vibrations at an acceleration of 1
m/s(2). The data showed that at most frequencies rodents
were able to attenuate vibration magnitudes, with values for
the back-mounted accelerometer being substantially less than
that of the table. At frequencies of 41-60 Hz mice did not
attenuate vibration magnitude, but instead the magnitude of
the table and animal were equal or amplified. Rats
experienced the same pattern of non-attenuation between 31
and 50 Hz. Once euthanized, the mice vibrated at a slightly
more elevated frequency (up to 100 Hz). Based on these
results, it may be prudent that in laboratory settings,
vibrations in the ranges reported here should be accounted
for as possible contributors to animal stress and/or
biomechanical changes.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10439-014-1226-y},
Key = {fds241051}
}
@article{fds241054,
Author = {Hanna, JB and Schmitt, D and Wright, K and Eshchar, Y and Visalberghi,
E and Fragaszy, D},
Title = {Kinetics of bipedal locomotion during load carrying in
capuchin monkeys.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {85},
Pages = {149-156},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2015},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.05.006},
Abstract = {Facultative bipedalism during load transport in nonhuman
primates has been argued to be an important behavior
potentially leading to the evolution of obligate, extended
limb bipedalism. Understanding the biomechanics of such
behavior may lead to insights about associated morphology,
which may translate to interpretation of features in the
fossil record. Some populations of bearded capuchin monkeys
(Sapajus libidinosus) spontaneously carry heavy loads
bipedally during foraging activities. This study provides
the first data on all three components of ground reaction
force for spontaneous bipedalism during load carriage in a
nonhuman primate. Five individual S. libidinosus (mean body
mass = 2.4 kg ± 0.96) were videorecorded during
bipedalism while carrying a stone (0.93 kg) under natural
conditions. A force plate was embedded in the path of the
monkeys. Spatiotemporal and force data for all three
components of the ground reaction force were recorded for 28
steps. Capuchins exhibited a mean vertical peak force per
total weight (Vpk) for the hindlimb of 1.19 (sd = 0.13),
consistent with those of unloaded capuchins in the
laboratory and for other bipedal primates, including humans.
Vertical force records suggest that capuchins, along with
most nonhuman primates, maintain a relatively compliant leg
during both unloaded and loaded locomotion. Like all other
primates, loaded capuchins maintained laterally (outward)
directed medio-lateral forces, presumably to stabilize
side-to-side movements of the center of mass. Medio-lateral
forces suggest that at near-running speeds dynamic stability
diminishes the need to generate high lateral forces.
Vertical force traces exhibited a measurable impact spike at
foot contact in 85% of the steps recorded. An impact spike
is common in human walking and running but has not been
reported in other bipedal primates. This spike in humans is
thought to lead to bone and cartilage damage. The earliest
biped may have experienced similar impact spikes during
bipedal locomotion, requiring compensatory behaviors or
anatomical features.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.05.006},
Key = {fds241054}
}
@article{fds241057,
Author = {Li, Y and Rabey, KN and Schmitt, D and Norton, JN and Reynolds,
RP},
Title = {Characteristics of Vibration that Alter Cardiovascular
Parameters in Mice.},
Journal = {J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci},
Volume = {54},
Number = {4},
Pages = {372-377},
Year = {2015},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1559-6109},
Abstract = {We hypothesized that short-term exposure of mice to
vibration within a frequency range thought to be near the
resonant frequency range of mouse tissue and at an
acceleration of 0 to 1 m/s(2) would alter heart rate (HR)
and mean arterial pressure (MAP). We used radiotelemetry to
evaluate the cardiovascular response to vibration in C57BL/6
and CD1 male mice exposed to vertical vibration of various
frequencies and accelerations. MAP was consistently
increased above baseline values at an acceleration near 1
m/s(2) and a frequency of 90 Hz in both strains, and HR was
increased also in C57BL/6 mice. In addition, MAP increased
at 80 Hz in individual mice of both strains. When both
strains were analyzed together, mean MAP and HR were
increased at 90 Hz at 1 m/s(2), and HR was increased at 80
Hz at 1 m/s(2). No consistent change in MAP or HR occurred
when mice were exposed to frequencies below 80 Hz or above
90 Hz. The increase in MAP and HR occurred only when the
mice had conscious awareness of the vibration, given that
these changes did not occur when anesthetized mice were
exposed to vibration. Tested vibration acceleration levels
lower than 0.75 m/s(2) did not increase MAP or HR at 80 or
90 Hz, suggesting that a relatively high level of vibration
is necessary to increase these parameters. These data are
important to establish the harmful frequencies and
accelerations of environmental vibration that should be
minimized or avoided in mouse facilities.},
Key = {fds241057}
}
@article{fds241055,
Author = {Gruss, LT and Schmitt, D},
Title = {The evolution of the human pelvis: changing adaptations to
bipedalism, obstetrics and thermoregulation.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {370},
Number = {1663},
Pages = {20140063},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0962-8436},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0063},
Abstract = {The fossil record of the human pelvis reveals the selective
priorities acting on hominin anatomy at different points in
our evolutionary history, during which mechanical
requirements for locomotion, childbirth and thermoregulation
often conflicted. In our earliest upright ancestors,
fundamental alterations of the pelvis compared with
non-human primates facilitated bipedal walking. Further
changes early in hominin evolution produced a platypelloid
birth canal in a pelvis that was wide overall, with flaring
ilia. This pelvic form was maintained over 3-4 Myr with only
moderate changes in response to greater habitat diversity,
changes in locomotor behaviour and increases in brain size.
It was not until Homo sapiens evolved in Africa and the
Middle East 200 000 years ago that the narrow anatomically
modern pelvis with a more circular birth canal emerged. This
major change appears to reflect selective pressures for
further increases in neonatal brain size and for a narrow
body shape associated with heat dissipation in warm
environments. The advent of the modern birth canal, the
shape and alignment of which require fetal rotation during
birth, allowed the earliest members of our species to deal
obstetrically with increases in encephalization while
maintaining a narrow body to meet thermoregulatory demands
and enhance locomotor performance.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2014.0063},
Key = {fds241055}
}
@article{fds241053,
Author = {Griffin, NL and Miller, CE and Schmitt, D and D'Août,
K},
Title = {Understanding the evolution of the windlass mechanism of the
human foot from comparative anatomy: Insights, obstacles,
and future directions.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {156},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-10},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22636},
Abstract = {Humans stand alone from other primates in that we propel our
bodies forward on a relatively stiff and arched foot and do
so by employing an anatomical arrangement of bones and
ligaments in the foot that can operate like a "windlass."
This is a significant evolutionary innovation, but it is
currently unknown when during hominin evolution this
mechanism developed and within what genera or species it
originated. The presence of recently discovered fossils
along with novel research in the past two decades have
improved our understanding of foot mechanics in humans and
other apes, making it possible to consider this question
more fully. Here we review the main elements thought to be
involved in the production of an effective, modern
human-like windlass mechanism. These elements are the
triceps surae, plantar aponeurosis, medial longitudinal
arch, and metatarsophalangeal joints. We discuss what is
presently known about the evolution of these features and
the challenges associated with identifying each of these
specific components and/or their function in living and
extinct primates for the purpose of predicting the presence
of the windlass mechanism in our ancestors. In some cases we
recommend alternative pathways for inferring foot mechanics
and for testing the hypothesis that the windlass mechanism
evolved to increase the speed and energetic efficiency of
bipedal gait in hominins.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22636},
Key = {fds241053}
}
@article{fds241052,
Author = {Wunderlich, RE and Tongen, A and Gardiner, J and Miller, CE and Schmitt,
D},
Title = {Dynamics of locomotor transitions from arboreal to
terrestrial substrates in Verreaux's sifaka (Propithecus
verreauxi).},
Journal = {Integrative and comparative biology},
Volume = {54},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1148-1158},
Year = {2014},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1540-7063},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icu110},
Abstract = {Most primates are able to move with equal facility on the
ground and in trees, but most use the same quadrupedal gaits
in both environments. A few specialized primates, however,
use a suspensory or leaping mode of locomotion when in the
trees but a bipedal gait while on the ground. This is a rare
behavioral pattern among mammals, and the extent to which
the bipedal gaits of these primates converge and are
constrained by the anatomical and neurological adaptations
associated with arboreal locomotion is poorly understood.
Sifakas (Propithecus), primates living only in Madagascar,
are highly committed vertical clingers and leapers that also
spend a substantial amount of time on the ground. When
moving terrestrially sifakas use a unique bipedal galloping
gait seen in no other mammals. Little research has examined
the mechanics of these gaits, and most of that research has
been restricted to controlled captive conditions. The
energetic costs associated with leaping and bipedal
galloping are unknown. This study begins to fill that gap
using triaxial accelerometry to characterize and compare the
dynamics of sifakas' leaping and bipedal galloping behavior.
As this is a relatively novel approach, the first goal of
this article is to explore the feasibility of collecting
such data on free-roaming animals and attempt to automate
the identification of leaping and bipedal behavior within
the output. The second goal is to compare the overall
accelerations of the body and to use that as an
approximation of aspects of energetic costs during leaping
and bipedalism. To achieve this, a lightweight accelerometer
was mounted on freely moving sifakas. The resulting
acceleration profiles were processed, and sequences of leaps
(bouts) were automatically extracted from the waveforms with
85% accuracy. Both vector dynamic body acceleration and
overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA) were used to
characterize locomotor patterns and energy expenditure
during leaping and bipedalism. The unique kinematics of the
gait of sifakas, and the mechanics of bouts involving a
string of successive leaps or gallops, appear to minimize
redirections of the center of mass as well as the number of
acceleration peaks and ODBAs. These results suggest that
bipedal galloping is not only a reflection of the unique
anatomical configuration of a leaping primate, but it may
also provide a musculoskeletal and an energetic advantage to
sifakas. In that sense, bipedal galloping represents an
advantageous way for sifakas to move when transitioning from
arboreal leaping to terrestrial locomotion.},
Doi = {10.1093/icb/icu110},
Key = {fds241052}
}
@article{fds241058,
Author = {Granatosky, MC and Miller, CE and Boyer, DM and Schmitt,
D},
Title = {Lumbar vertebral morphology of flying, gliding, and
suspensory mammals: implications for the locomotor behavior
of the subfossil lemurs Palaeopropithecus and
Babakotia.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {75},
Pages = {40-52},
Year = {2014},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.06.011},
Abstract = {Lumbar vertebral morphology has been used as an indicator of
locomotor behavior in living and fossil mammals. Rigidity
within the lumbar region is thought to be important for
increasing overall axial rigidity during various forms of
locomotion, including bridging between supports, inverted
quadrupedalism, gliding, and flying. However, distinguishing
between those behaviors using bony features has been
challenging. This study used osteological characters of the
lumbar vertebrae to attempt to develop fine-grade functional
distinctions among different mammalian species in order to
make more complete inferences about how the axial skeleton
affects locomotor behavior in extant mammals. These same
lumbar characters were measured in two extinct species for
which locomotor behaviors are well known, the sloth lemurs
(Palaeopropithecus and Babakotia radofilai), in order to
further evaluate their locomotor behaviors. Results from a
principal components analysis of seven measurements,
determined to be functionally significant from previous
studies, demonstrate that inverted quadrupeds in the sample
are characterized by dorsoventrally short and
cranio-caudally expanded spinous processes, dorsally
oriented transverse processes, and mediolaterally short and
dorsoventrally high vertebral bodies compared with mammals
that are relatively pronograde, vertical clingers, or
gliders. Antipronograde mammals, dermopterans, and
chiropterans also exhibit these traits, but not to the same
extent as the inverted quadrupeds. In accordance with
previous studies, our data show that the sloth lemur
B. radofilai groups closely with antipronograde mammals
like lorises, while Palaeopropithecus groups with extant
sloths. These findings suggest that Palaeopropithecus was
engaged in inverted quadrupedalism at a high frequency,
while B. radofilai may have engaged in a more diverse array
of locomotor and positional behaviors. The osteological
features used here reflect differences in lumbar mobility
and suggest that axial rigidity is advantageous for
suspensory locomotion and possibly flight in
bats.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.06.011},
Key = {fds241058}
}
@article{fds241061,
Author = {Sparling, TL and Schmitt, D and Miller, CE and Guilak, F and Somers, TJ and Keefe, FJ and Queen, RM},
Title = {Energy recovery in individuals with knee
osteoarthritis.},
Journal = {Osteoarthritis Cartilage},
Volume = {22},
Number = {6},
Pages = {747-755},
Year = {2014},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1063-4584},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/8901 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Pathological gaits have been shown to limit
transfer between potential (PE) and kinetic (KE) energy
during walking, which can increase locomotor costs. The
purpose of this study was to examine whether energy exchange
would be limited in people with knee osteoarthritis (OA).
METHODS: Ground reaction forces during walking were
collected from 93 subjects with symptomatic knee OA
(self-selected and fast speeds) and 13 healthy controls
(self-selected speed) and used to calculate their center of
mass (COM) movements, PE and KE relationships, and energy
recovery during a stride. Correlations and linear
regressions examined the impact of energy fluctuation phase
and amplitude, walking velocity, body mass, self-reported
pain, and radiographic severity on recovery. Paired t-tests
were run to compare energy recovery between cohorts.
RESULTS: Symptomatic knee OA subjects displayed lower
energetic recovery during self-selected walking speeds than
healthy controls (P = 0.0018). PE and KE phase
relationships explained the majority (66%) of variance in
recovery. Recovery had a complex relationship with velocity
and its change across speeds was significantly influenced by
the self-selected walking speed of each subject. Neither
radiographic OA scores nor subject self-reported measures
demonstrated any relationship with energy recovery.
CONCLUSIONS: Knee OA reduces effective exchange of PE and
KE, potentially increasing the muscular work required to
control movements of the COM. Gait retraining may return
subjects to more normal patterns of energy exchange and
allow them to reduce fatigue.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.joca.2014.04.004},
Key = {fds241061}
}
@article{fds241066,
Author = {Granatosky, MC and Lemelin, P and Chester, SGB and Pampush, JD and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Functional and evolutionary aspects of axial stability in
euarchontans and other mammals.},
Journal = {Journal of morphology},
Volume = {275},
Number = {3},
Pages = {313-327},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0362-2525},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20216},
Keywords = {arboreal back locomotion primates ribs vertebra},
Abstract = {The presence of a stable thoracolumbar region, found in many
arboreal mammals, is considered advantageous for bridging
and cantilevering between discontinuous branches. However,
no study has directly explored the link between osteological
features cited as enhancing axial stability and the
frequency of cantilevering and bridging behaviors in a
terminal branch environment. To fill this gap, we collected
metric data on costal and vertebral morphology of primate
and nonprimate mammals known to cantilever and bridge
frequently and those that do not. We also quantified the
frequency and duration of cantilevering and bridging
behaviors using experimental setups for species that have
been reported to show differences in use of small branches
and back anatomy (Caluromys philander, Loris tardigradus,
Monodelphis domestica, and Cheirogaleus medius).
Phylogenetically corrected principal component analysis
reveals that taxa employing frequent bridging and
cantilevering (C. philander and lorises) also exhibit
reduced intervertebral and intercostal spaces, which can
serve to increase thoracolumbar stability, when compared to
closely related species (M. domestica and C. medius). We
observed C. philander cantilevering and bridging
significantly more often than M. domestica, which never
cantilevered or crossed any arboreal gaps. Although no
difference in the frequency of cantilevering was observed
between L. tardigradus and C. medius, the duration of
cantilevering bouts was significantly greater in L.
tardigradus. These data suggest that osteological features
promoting axial rigidity may be part of a morpho-behavioral
complex that increases stability in mammals moving and
foraging in a terminal branch environment.},
Language = {ENG},
Doi = {10.1002/jmor.20216},
Key = {fds241066}
}
@article{fds241059,
Author = {McNeill, JN and Wu, C-L and Rabey, KN and Schmitt, D and Guilak,
F},
Title = {Life-long caloric restriction does not alter the severity of
age-related osteoarthritis.},
Journal = {Age (Dordr)},
Volume = {36},
Number = {4},
Pages = {9669},
Year = {2014},
ISSN = {0161-9152},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11357-014-9669-5},
Abstract = {Chronic adipose tissue inflammation and its associated
adipokines have been linked to the development of
osteoarthritis (OA). It has been shown that caloric
restriction may decrease body mass index and adiposity. The
objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of
lifelong caloric restriction on bone morphology, joint
inflammation, and spontaneously occurring OA development in
aged mice. C57BL/NIA mice were fed either a
calorie-restricted (CR) or ad libitum (AL) diet starting at
14 weeks of age. All mice were sacrificed at 24 months of
age. Adipose tissue and knee joints were then harvested.
Bone parameters of the joints were analyzed by micro-CT. OA
and joint synovitis were determined using histology and
semiquantitative analysis. Lifelong caloric restriction did
not alter the severity of OA development in C57BL/NIA aged
mice, and there was no difference in the total joint Mankin
score between CR and AL groups (p = 0.99). Mice also
exhibited similar levels of synovitis (p = 0.54). The bone
mineral density of the femur and the tibia was comparable
between the groups with a small increase in cancellous bone
volume fraction in the lateral femoral condyle of the CR
group compared with the AL group. Lifelong caloric
restriction did not alter the incidence of OA or joint
synovitis in C57BL/NIA mice, indicating that a reduction of
caloric intake alone was not sufficient to prevent
spontaneous age-related OA. Nonetheless, early initiation of
CR continued throughout a life span did not negatively
impact bone structural properties.},
Doi = {10.1007/s11357-014-9669-5},
Key = {fds241059}
}
@article{fds241068,
Author = {Griffin, NL and Miller, C and Schmitt, D and D'Août,
K},
Title = {An investigation of the dynamic relationship between
navicular drop and first metatarsophalangeal joint dorsal
excursion.},
Journal = {Journal of anatomy},
Volume = {222},
Number = {6},
Pages = {598-607},
Year = {2013},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0021-8782},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joa.12050},
Keywords = {Adult Aged Female Foot Gait Humans India Male
Metatarsophalangeal Joint Middle Aged Pronation Regression
Analysis Tarsal Bones Walking Young Adult anatomy &
histology physiology physiology*},
Abstract = {The modern human foot is a complex biomechanical structure
that must act both as a shock absorber and as a propulsive
strut during the stance phase of gait. Understanding the
ways in which foot segments interact can illuminate the
mechanics of foot function in healthy and pathological
humans. It has been proposed that increased values of medial
longitudinal arch deformation can limit metatarsophalangeal
joint excursion via tension in the plantar aponeurosis.
However, this model has not been tested directly in a
dynamic setting. In this study, we tested the hypothesis
that during the stance phase, subtalar pronation (stretching
of the plantar aponeurosis and subsequent lowering of the
medial longitudinal arch) will negatively affect the amount
of first metatarsophalangeal joint excursion occurring at
push-off. Vertical descent of the navicular (a proxy for
subtalar pronation) and first metatarsophalangeal joint
dorsal excursion were measured during steady locomotion over
a flat substrate on a novel sample consisting of
asymptomatic adult males and females, many of whom are
habitually unshod. Least-squares regression analyses
indicated that, contrary to the hypothesis, navicular drop
did not explain a significant amount of variation in first
metatarsophalangeal joint dorsal excursion. These results
suggest that, in an asymptomatic subject, the plantar
aponeurosis and the associated foot bones can function
effectively within the normal range of subtalar pronation
that takes place during walking gait. From a clinical
standpoint, this study highlights the need for investigating
the in vivo kinematic relationship between subtalar
pronation and metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiflexion in
symptomatic populations, and also the need to explore other
factors that may affect the kinematics of asymptomatic
feet.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1111/joa.12050},
Key = {fds241068}
}
@article{fds241062,
Author = {O'Neill, MC and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Erratum: The gaits of primates: Center of mass mechanics in
walking, cantering and galloping ring-tailed lemurs, Lemur
catta ((1994) Journal of Experimental Biology 215
(1728-1739))},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology},
Volume = {215},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1994},
Publisher = {The Company of Biologists},
Year = {2012},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0022-0949},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.074500},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.074500},
Key = {fds241062}
}
@article{fds241085,
Author = {Somers, TJ and Blumenthal, JA and Guilak, F and Kraus, VB and Schmitt,
DO and Babyak, MA and Craighead, LW and Caldwell, DS and Rice, JR and McKee, DC and Shelby, RA and Campbell, LC and Pells, JJ and Sims, EL and Queen, R and Carson, JW and Connelly, M and Dixon, KE and LaCaille, LJ and Huebner, JL and Rejeski, JW and Keefe, FJ},
Title = {Pain coping skills training and lifestyle behavioral weight
management in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a
randomized controlled study.},
Journal = {Pain},
Volume = {153},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1199-1209},
Year = {2012},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1872-6623},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22503223},
Abstract = {Overweight and obese patients with osteoarthritis (OA)
experience more OA pain and disability than patients who are
not overweight. This study examined the long-term efficacy
of a combined pain coping skills training (PCST) and
lifestyle behavioral weight management (BWM) intervention in
overweight and obese OA patients. Patients (n=232) were
randomized to a 6-month program of: 1) PCST+BWM; 2)
PCST-only; 3) BWM-only; or 4) standard care control.
Assessments of pain, physical disability (Arthritis Impact
Measurement Scales [AIMS] physical disability, stiffness,
activity, and gait), psychological disability (AIMS
psychological disability, pain catastrophizing, arthritis
self-efficacy, weight self-efficacy), and body weight were
collected at 4 time points (pretreatment, posttreatment, and
6 months and 12 months after the completion of treatment).
Patients randomized to PCST+BWM demonstrated significantly
better treatment outcomes (average of all 3 posttreatment
values) in terms of pain, physical disability, stiffness,
activity, weight self-efficacy, and weight when compared to
the other 3 conditions (Ps<0.05). PCST+BWM also did
significantly better than at least one of the other
conditions (ie, PCST-only, BWM-only, or standard care) in
terms of psychological disability, pain catastrophizing, and
arthritis self-efficacy. Interventions teaching overweight
and obese OA patients pain coping skills and weight
management simultaneously may provide the more comprehensive
long-term benefits.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.pain.2012.02.023},
Key = {fds241085}
}
@article{fds241081,
Author = {O'Neill, MC and Schmitt, D},
Title = {The gaits of primates: center of mass mechanics in walking,
cantering and galloping ring-tailed lemurs, Lemur
catta.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Volume = {215},
Number = {Pt 10},
Pages = {1728-1739},
Year = {2012},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0022-0949},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.052340},
Keywords = {Algorithms Animals Behavior, Animal Biomechanics Female Gait
Gravitation Kinetics Lemur Male Models, Statistical Movement
Primates Running* Walking* physiology*},
Abstract = {Most primates, including lemurs, have a broad range of
locomotor capabilities, yet much of the time, they walk at
slow speeds and amble, canter or gallop at intermediate and
fast speeds. Although numerous studies have investigated
limb function during primate quadrupedalism, how the center
of mass (COM) moves is not well understood. Here, we
examined COM energy, work and power during walking,
cantering and galloping in ring-tailed lemurs, Lemur catta
(N=5), over a broad speed range (0.43-2.91 m s(-1)). COM
energy recoveries were substantial during walking (35-71%)
but lower during canters and gallops (10-51%). COM work,
power and collisional losses increased with speed. The
positive COM works were 0.625 J kg(-1) m(-1) for walks and
1.661 J kg(-1) m(-1) for canters and gallops, which are in
the middle range of published values for terrestrial
animals. Although some discontinuities in COM mechanics were
evident between walking and cantering, there was no apparent
analog to the trot-gallop transition across the intermediate
and fast speed range (dimensionless v>0.75, Fr>0.5). A
phenomenological model of a lemur cantering and trotting at
the same speed shows that canters ensure continuous contact
of the body with the substrate while reducing peak vertical
COM forces, COM stiffness and COM collisions. We suggest
that cantering, rather than trotting, at intermediate speeds
may be tied to the arboreal origins of the Order Primates.
These data allow us to better understand the mechanics of
primate gaits and shed new light on primate locomotor
evolution.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.052340},
Key = {fds241081}
}
@article{fds241086,
Author = {Allen, KD and Mata, BA and Gabr, MA and Huebner, JL and Adams, SB and Kraus, VB and Schmitt, DO and Setton, LA},
Title = {Kinematic and dynamic gait compensations resulting from knee
instability in a rat model of osteoarthritis.},
Journal = {Arthritis Res Ther},
Volume = {14},
Number = {2},
Pages = {R78},
Year = {2012},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1478-6362},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22510443},
Abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Osteoarthritis (OA) results in pain and
disability; however, preclinical OA models often focus on
joint-level changes. Gait analysis is one method used to
evaluate both preclinical OA models and OA patients. The
objective of this study is to describe spatiotemporal and
ground reaction force changes in a rat medial meniscus
transection (MMT) model of knee OA and to compare these gait
measures with assays of weight bearing and tactile
allodynia. METHODS: Sixteen rats were used in the study. The
medial collateral ligament (MCL) was transected in twelve
Lewis rats (male, 200 to 250 g); in six rats, the medial
meniscus was transected, and the remaining six rats served
as sham controls. The remaining four rats served as naïve
controls. Gait, weight-bearing as measured by an
incapacitance meter, and tactile allodynia were assessed on
postoperative days 9 to 24. On day 28, knee joints were
collected for histology. Cytokine concentrations in the
serum were assessed with a 10-plex cytokine panel. RESULTS:
Weight bearing was not affected by sham or MMT surgery;
however, the MMT group had decreased mechanical
paw-withdrawal thresholds in the operated limb relative to
the contralateral limb (P = 0.017). The gait of the MMT
group became increasingly asymmetric from postoperative days
9 to 24 (P = 0.020); moreover, MMT animals tended to spend
more time on their contralateral limb than their operated
limb while walking (P < 0.1). Ground reaction forces
confirmed temporal shifts in symmetry and stance time, as
the MMT group had lower vertical and propulsive ground
reaction forces in their operated limb relative to the
contralateral limb, naïve, and sham controls (P < 0.05).
Levels of interleukin 6 in the MMT group tended to be higher
than naïve controls (P = 0.072). Histology confirmed
increased cartilage damage in the MMT group, consistent with
OA initiation. Post hoc analysis revealed that gait
symmetry, stance time imbalance, peak propulsive force, and
serum interleukin 6 concentrations had significant
correlations to the severity of cartilage lesion formation.
CONCLUSION: These data indicate significant gait
compensations were present in the MMT group relative to
medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury (sham) alone and
naïve controls. Moreover, these data suggest that gait
compensations are likely driven by meniscal instability
and/or cartilage damage, and not by MCL injury
alone.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1186/ar3801},
Key = {fds241086}
}
@article{fds241079,
Author = {Workman, C and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Erratum to: Positional Behavior of Delacour's Langurs
(Trachypithecus delacouri) in Northern Vietnam (Int J
Primatol, 10.1007/s10764-011-9547-2)},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {33},
Number = {1},
Pages = {38-39},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2012},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-012-9577-4},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-012-9577-4},
Key = {fds241079}
}
@article{fds241080,
Author = {Workman, C and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Positional Behavior of Delacour's Langurs (Trachypithecus
delacouri) in Northern Vietnam},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {33},
Number = {1},
Pages = {19-37},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-011-9547-2},
Abstract = {Information on positional behavior can help elucidate
relationships between a species' morphology, behavior, and
environment. Delacour's langurs (Trachypithecus delacouri)
are similar to other colobines in body mass and intermembral
index, yet inhabit a limestone karst environment. From
August 2007 to July 2008, we collected 372 h of positional
behavior and substrate use data from 8 groups of
Trachypithecus delacouri in Van Long Nature Reserve, Vietnam
to address questions about how the distinct -and potentially
dangerous- features of karst influence colobine positional
behavior. Results show that Trachypithecus delacouri is
predominantly quadrupedal (66%). However, they exhibit
differences that set them apart from many other colobines.
Nearly 80% of locomotor and postural behaviors were
performed on rocks. Leaping was remarkably infrequent,
representing only 6% of overall locomotion. They leapt 3
times more frequently on trees (13%) than on rocks (4%) and
more frequently used trees as a landing substrate than rocks
(38% vs. 23%), both significant differences. We argue that
rock (and cliff) travel is altogether different from
terrestrial and arboreal travel and propose using the term
petrous to indicate the substrate and incorporate the
implications of its precise sharpness and verticality that
lead to the complexities and risk of locomotion on rock
surfaces. Trachypithecus delacouri does not show specific
adaptations for limestone karst. Instead they appear to be a
behaviorally flexible species and, owing to the generalized
locomotor capabilities that characterize cercopithecids,
capable of locomoting through and living in the limestone
rock environment to which they have relatively recently been
restricted. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media,
LLC.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-011-9547-2},
Key = {fds241080}
}
@misc{fds201331,
Author = {D. Schmitt},
Title = {Primate Locomotor Evolution: Biomechanical Studies of
Primate Locomotion and Their Implications for Understanding
Primate Neuroethology},
Pages = {31-61},
Booktitle = {Primate Neuroethology},
Publisher = {Oxford},
Address = {London},
Editor = {M. Platt and A. Ghazanfar},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds201331}
}
@article{fds241093,
Author = {Allen, KD and Shamji, MF and Mata, BA and Gabr, MA and Sinclair, SM and Schmitt, DO and Richardson, WJ and Setton, LA},
Title = {Kinematic and dynamic gait compensations in a rat model of
lumbar radiculopathy and the effects of tumor necrosis
factor-alpha antagonism.},
Journal = {Arthritis Res Ther},
Volume = {13},
Number = {4},
Pages = {R137},
Year = {2011},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {1478-6362},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21871102},
Abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) has received
significant attention as a mediator of lumbar radiculopathy,
with interest in TNF antagonism to treat radiculopathy.
Prior studies have demonstrated that TNF antagonists can
attenuate heightened nociception resulting from lumbar
radiculopathy in the preclinical model. Less is known about
the potential impact of TNF antagonism on gait
compensations, despite being of clinical relevance. In this
study, we expand on previous descriptions of gait
compensations resulting from lumbar radiculopathy in the rat
and describe the ability of local TNF antagonism to prevent
the development of gait compensations, altered weight
bearing, and heightened nociception. METHODS: Eighteen male
Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated for mechanical
sensitivity, weight-bearing, and gait pre- and
post-operatively. For surgery, tail nucleus pulposus (NP)
tissue was collected and the right L5 dorsal root ganglion
(DRG) was exposed (Day 0). In sham animals, NP tissue was
discarded (n = 6); for experimental animals, autologous NP
was placed on the DRG with or without 20 μg of soluble TNF
receptor type II (sTNFRII, n = 6 per group). Spatiotemporal
gait characteristics (open arena) and mechanical sensitivity
(von Frey filaments) were assessed on post-operative Day 5;
gait dynamics (force plate arena) and weight-bearing
(incapacitance meter) were assessed on post-operative Day 6.
RESULTS: High-speed gait characterization revealed animals
with NP alone had a 5% decrease in stance time on their
affected limbs on Day 5 (P ≤0.032). Ground reaction force
analysis on Day 6 aligned with temporal changes observed on
Day 5, with vertical impulse reduced in the affected limb of
animals with NP alone (area under the vertical force-time
curve, P <0.02). Concordant with gait, animals with NP alone
also had some evidence of affected limb mechanical allodynia
on Day 5 (P = 0.08) and reduced weight-bearing on the
affected limb on Day 6 (P <0.05). Delivery of sTNFRII at the
time of NP placement ameliorated signs of mechanical
hypersensitivity, imbalanced weight distribution, and gait
compensations (P <0.1). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate gait
characterization has value for describing early limb
dysfunctions in pre-clinical models of lumbar radiculopathy.
Furthermore, TNF antagonism prevented the development of
gait compensations subsequent to lumbar radiculopathy in our
model.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1186/ar3451},
Key = {fds241093}
}
@article{fds241089,
Author = {Hanna, JB and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Locomotor energetics in primates: gait mechanics and their
relationship to the energetics of vertical and horizontal
locomotion.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {145},
Number = {1},
Pages = {43-54},
Year = {2011},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21465},
Keywords = {Air Animals Body Weight Energy Metabolism Gait Locomotion
Oxygen Oxygen Consumption Saimiri Strepsirhini Video
Recording analysis metabolism physiology*},
Abstract = {All primates regularly move within three-dimensional
arboreal environments and must often climb, but little is
known about the energetic costs of this critical activity.
Limited previous work on the energetics of incline
locomotion suggests that there may be differential selective
pressures for large compared to small primates in choosing
to exploit a complex arboreal environment. Necessary
metabolic and gait data have never been collected to examine
this possibility and biomechanical mechanisms that might
explain size-based differences in the cost of arboreal
movement. Energetics and kinematics were collected for five
species of primate during climbing and horizontal
locomotion. Subjects moved on a treadmill with a narrow
vertical substrate and one with a narrow horizontal
substrate at their maximum sustainable speed for 10–20 min
while oxygen consumption was monitored. Data during climbing
were compared to those during horizontal locomotion and
across size. Results show that climbing energetic costs were
similar to horizontal costs for small primates (<0.5 kg) but
were nearly double for larger species. Spatio-temporal gait
characteristics suggest that the relationship between the
cost of locomotion and the rate of force production changes
between the two locomotor modes. Thus, the main determinants
of climbing costs are fundamentally different from those
during horizontal locomotion. These new results combining
spatiotemporal and energetic data confirm and expand on our
previous argument (Hanna et al.: Science 320 (2008) 898)
that similar costs of horizontal and vertical locomotion in
small primates facilitated the successful occupation of a
fine-branch arboreal milieu by the earliest
primates.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.21465},
Key = {fds241089}
}
@article{springerlink:10.1007/s10764-010-9479-2,
Author = {Hanna, JB and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Interpreting the Role of Climbing in Primate Locomotor
Evolution: Are the Biomechanics of Climbing Influenced by
Habitual Substrate Use and Anatomy?},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {32},
Number = {2},
Pages = {430-444},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Organization = {Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of
Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV 24901,
USA},
Institution = {Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of
Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV 24901,
USA},
Year = {2011},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-010-9479-2},
Abstract = {Vertical climbing is widely accepted to have played an
important role in the origins of both primate locomotion and
of human bipedalism. Yet, only a few researchers have
compared climbing mechanics in quadrupedal primates that
vary in their degree of arboreality. It is assumed that
primates using vertical climbing with a relatively high
frequency will have morphological and behavioral
specializations that facilitate efficient climbing
mechanics. We test this assumption by examining whether time
spent habitually engaged in climbing influences locomotor
parameters such as footfall sequence, peak forces, and joint
excursions during vertical climbing. Previous studies have
shown that during climbing, the pronograde and
semiterrestrial Macaca fuscata differs in these parameters
compared to the more arboreal and highly specialized,
antipronograde Ateles geoffroyi. Here, we examine whether a
fully arboreal, quadrupedal primate that does not regularly
arm-swing will exhibit gait and force distribution patterns
intermediate between those of Macaca fuscata and Ateles
geoffroyi. We collected footfall sequence, limb peak
vertical forces, and 3D hindlimb excursion data for Macaca
fascicularis during climbing on a stationary pole
instrumented with a force transducer. Results show that
footfall sequences are similar between macaque species,
whereas peak force distributions and hindlimb excursions for
Macaca fascicularis are intermediate between values reported
for M. fuscata and Ateles geoffroyi. These results support
the notion that time spent climbing is reflected in climbing
mechanics, even though morphology may not provide for
efficient mechanics, and highlight the important role of
arboreal locomotor activity in determining the pathways of
primate locomotor evolution. © 2010 Springer
Science+Business Media, LLC.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-010-9479-2},
Key = {springerlink:10.1007/s10764-010-9479-2}
}
@article{fds346143,
Author = {Wiktorowicz-Conroy, AM and Pickering, P and Schmitt, DO and Doube, M and Shefelbine, SJ and Hutchinson, JR},
Title = {The Scaling of Postural Mechanics in Felidae and
Artiodactyla},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {51},
Pages = {E150-E150},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2011},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds346143}
}
@article{ref1,
Author = {Hanna, JB and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Comparative Triceps Surae Morphology in Primates: A
Review},
Journal = {Anatomy Research International},
Volume = {2011},
Pages = {1-22},
Publisher = {Hindawi Limited},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/191509},
Abstract = {<jats:p>Primate locomotor evolution, particularly the
evolution of bipedalism, is often examined through
morphological studies. Many of these studies have examined
the uniqueness of the primate forelimb, and others have
examined the primate hip and thigh. Few data exist, however,
regarding the myology and function of the leg muscles, even
though the ankle plantar flexors are highly important during
human bipedalism. In this paper, we draw together data on
the fiber type and muscle mass variation in the ankle
plantar flexors of primates and make comparisons to other
mammals. The data suggest that great apes, atelines, and
lorisines exhibit similarity in the mass distribution of the
triceps surae. We conclude that variation in triceps surae
may be related to the shared locomotor mode exhibited by
these groups and that triceps surae morphology, which
approaches that of humans, may be related to frequent use of
semiplantigrade locomotion and vertical climbing.</jats:p>},
Doi = {10.1155/2011/191509},
Key = {ref1}
}
@article{fds241094,
Author = {Schmitt, D and Zumwalt, AC and Hamrick, MW},
Title = {The relationship between bone mechanical properties and
ground reaction forces in normal and hypermuscular
mice.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics
and physiology},
Volume = {313},
Number = {6},
Pages = {339-351},
Year = {2010},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1932-5223},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.604},
Keywords = {Animals Biomechanics Bone and Bones Mice Muscle, Skeletal
Organ Size physiology*},
Abstract = {Understanding the relationship between external load and
bone morphology is critical for understanding adaptations to
load in extant animals and inferring behavior in extinct
forms. Yet, the relationship between bony anatomy and load
is poorly understood, with empirical studies often producing
conflicting results. It is widely assumed in many ecological
and paleontological studies that bone size and strength
reflect the forces experienced by the bone in vivo. This
study examines that assumption by providing preliminary data
on gait mechanics in a hypermuscular myostatin-deficient
mouse model with highly mineralized and hypertrophied long
bones. A small sample of hypermuscular and wild-type mice
was video recorded while walking freely across a force
platform. Temporal gait parameters, peak vertical and
transverse (mediolateral) ground reaction forces (GRFs),
vertical impulse, and loading rates were measured. The only
gait parameters that differed between the two groups were
the speeds at which the animals traveled and the transverse
forces on the hind limb. The myostatin-deficient mice move
relatively slowly and experienced the same magnitude of
vertical forces on all limbs and transverse forces on the
forelimb as the wild-type mice; though the
myostatin-deficient mice did experience lower mediolateral
forces on their hindlimbs compared with the wild-type mice.
These preliminary results call into question the hypothesis
that skeletal hypertrophy observed in hypermuscular mice is
a result of larger GRFs experienced by the animals' limbs
during locomotion. This calls for further analysis and a
cautious approach to inferences about locomotor behavior
derived from bony morphology in extant and fossil
species.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/jez.604},
Key = {fds241094}
}
@article{fds241096,
Author = {Kivell, TL and Schmitt, D and Wunderlich, RE},
Title = {Hand and foot pressures in the aye-aye (Daubentonia
madagascariensis) reveal novel biomechanical trade-offs
required for walking on gracile digits.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Volume = {213},
Number = {Pt 9},
Pages = {1549-1557},
Year = {2010},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0022-0949},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/4193 Duke open
access},
Keywords = {Animals Biomechanics Foot Hand Posture Strepsirhini Walking*
physiology physiology*},
Abstract = {Arboreal animals with prehensile hands must balance the
complex demands of bone strength, grasping and manipulation.
An informative example of this problem is that of the
aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis), a rare lemuriform
primate that is unusual in having exceptionally long,
gracile fingers specialized for foraging. In addition, they
are among the largest primates to engage in head-first
descent on arboreal supports, a posture that should increase
loads on their gracile digits. We test the hypothesis that
aye-ayes will reduce pressure on their digits during
locomotion by curling their fingers off the substrate. This
hypothesis was tested using simultaneous videographic and
pressure analysis of the hand, foot and digits for five
adult aye-ayes during horizontal locomotion and during
ascent and descent on a 30 degrees instrumented runway.
Aye-ayes consistently curled their fingers during locomotion
on all slopes. When the digits were in contact with the
substrate, pressures were negligible and significantly less
than those experienced by the palm or pedal digits. In
addition, aye-ayes lifted their hands vertically off the
substrate instead of 'toeing-off' and descended head-first
at significantly slower speeds than on other slopes.
Pressure on the hand increased during head-first descent
relative to horizontal locomotion but not as much as the
pressure increased on the foot during ascent. This
distribution of pressure suggests that aye-ayes shift their
weight posteriorly during head-first descent to reduce loads
on their gracile fingers. This research demonstrates several
novel biomechanical trade-offs to deal with complex
functional demands on the mammalian skeleton.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.040014},
Key = {fds241096}
}
@article{fds241050,
Author = {Schmitt, D},
Title = {Primate Locomotor Evolution: Biomechanical Studies of
Primate Locomotion and Their Implications for Understanding
Primate Neuroethology},
Pages = {31-63},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Year = {2010},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326598.003.0003},
Abstract = {This chapter argues that primates (including humans) show
patterns of locomotion and locomotor control that are
different from all other mammals. Changes in limb function
associated with the adaptive diversification of locomotor
patterns in the primate clade probably required the
evolution of profound specializations in the neural control
of locomotion. Most of these putative specializations remain
unknown or unexplored. This realization suggests that
comparative studies of the neuroethology of locomotion in
primates may offer unique insights into motor control, and
such insights may have implications for fields as diverse as
robotics and the clinical treatment of paralysis with
brain-machine interface devices.},
Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326598.003.0003},
Key = {fds241050}
}
@article{fds241092,
Author = {Schmitt, D and Gruss, LT and Lemelin, P},
Title = {Brief communication: Forelimb compliance in arboreal and
terrestrial opossums.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {141},
Number = {1},
Pages = {142-146},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21145},
Keywords = {Animals Behavior, Animal Biological Evolution Biomechanics
Forelimb Locomotion Opossums anatomy & histology*
physiology},
Abstract = {Primates display high forelimb compliance (increased elbow
joint yield) compared to most other mammals. Forelimb
compliance, which is especially marked among arboreal
primates, moderates vertical oscillations of the body and
peak vertical forces and may represent a basal adaptation of
primates for locomotion on thin, flexible branches. However,
Larney and Larson (Am J Phys Anthropol 125 [2004] 42-50)
reported that marsupials have forelimb compliance comparable
to or greater than that of most primates, but did not
distinguish between arboreal and terrestrial marsupials. If
forelimb compliance is functionally linked to locomotion on
thin branches, then elbow yield should be highest in
marsupials relying on arboreal substrates more often. To
test this hypothesis, we compared forelimb compliance
between two didelphid marsupials, Caluromys philander (an
arboreal opossum relying heavily on thin branches) and
Monodelphis domestica (an opossum that spends most of its
time on the ground). Animals were videorecorded while
walking on a runway or a horizontal 7-mm pole. Caluromys
showed higher elbow yield (greater changes in degrees of
elbow flexion) on both substrates, similar to that reported
for arboreal primates. Monodelphis was characterized by
lower elbow yield that was intermediate between the values
reported by Larney and Larson (Am J Phys Anthropol 125
[2004] 42-50) for more terrestrial primates and rodents.
This finding adds evidence to a model suggesting a
functional link between arboreality--particularly locomotion
on thin, flexible branches--and forelimb compliance. These
data add another convergent trait between arboreal primates,
Caluromys, and other arboreal marsupials and support the
argument that all primates evolved from a common ancestor
that was a fine-branch arborealist.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.21145},
Key = {fds241092}
}
@misc{fds201329,
Author = {D. Schmitt},
Title = {Translating Primate Locomotor Biomechanical Variables from
the Laboratory to the Field},
Pages = {7 - 28},
Booktitle = {Primate Locomotion: Linking in-situ and ex-situ
Research},
Publisher = {Springer},
Address = {New York},
Editor = {KD D'Auot and E. Vereecke},
Year = {2010},
ISBN = {1441914196},
Key = {fds201329}
}
@article{fds241095,
Author = {Sims, EL and Keefe, FJ and Kraus, VB and Guilak, F and Queen, RM and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Racial differences in gait mechanics associated with knee
osteoarthritis.},
Journal = {Aging Clin Exp Res},
Volume = {21},
Number = {6},
Pages = {463-469},
Year = {2009},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1594-0667},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20154517},
Keywords = {Adult African Continental Ancestry Group* Aged Anthropometry
Disability Evaluation Educational Status European
Continental Ancestry Group* Female Gait Humans Knee Joint
Male Middle Aged Osteoarthritis, Knee Range of Motion,
Articular Self Concept Severity of Illness Index ethnology*
physiology physiology* physiopathology physiopathology*},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This study examines racial differences
in gait mechanics in persons with knee osteoarthritis and
the influence of anthropometrics, educational level,
radiographic disease severity (rOA), and self-report
measures of pain and disability on racial differences in
gait. METHODS: One hundred seventy five (64 black and 111
white) adults with radiographic knee OA were tested. 3-D
kinematic and kinetic data were collected while subjects
walked at two self-selected speeds (normal and fast).
Anthropometric data, radiographic level of OA, and
self-report measures of pain and disability were also
collected. Gait patterns were compared across groups and
within groups. RESULTS: Black and white subjects did not
differ significantly in radiographic OA. However, blacks
walked significantly more slowly when asked to walk fast. At
the normal speed, blacks had a smaller knee range of motion
and loading rate than whites. Blacks also took longer to
reach their peak maximum ground reaction force than whites.
Within black subjects variations in gait mechanics were
primarily explained by BMI, rOA, selfreported psychological
disability, and pain self-efficacy. In white subjects,
variations in gait mechanics were primarily explained by
weight, age, velocity, psychological disability, and
self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: Blacks in this study had a
pattern of gait mechanics generally associated with high
levels of osteoarthritis, though they did not differ
significantly in rOA from whites. The variability in gait
patterns exhibited by blacks was most strongly related to
variance in walking speed, anthropometrics, and perceived
physical ability. Taken together, these results suggest that
race is an important factor that must be considered in the
treatment and study of osteoarthritis.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1007/BF03327442},
Key = {fds241095}
}
@article{fds241091,
Author = {Nebel, MB and Sims, EL and Keefe, FJ and Kraus, VB and Guilak, F and Caldwell, DS and Pells, JJ and Queen, R and Schmitt,
D},
Title = {The relationship of self-reported pain and functional
impairment to gait mechanics in overweight and obese persons
with knee osteoarthritis.},
Journal = {Arch Phys Med Rehabil},
Volume = {90},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1874-1879},
Year = {2009},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1532-821X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19887211},
Keywords = {Disability Evaluation* Disabled Persons Female Gait Humans
Male Middle Aged Obesity Osteoarthritis, Knee Overweight*
Pain Pain Measurement Regression Analysis Self Disclosure
complications etiology* physiology* physiopathology*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the degree to which 2 commonly used
measures of pain and disability, the Arthritis Impact
Measurement Scales (AIMS) and the Western Ontario and
McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), relate
to objective gait measurements. DESIGN: A descriptive study
of the influence of self-reported pain and perceived
functional impairment on gait mechanics in osteoarthritic
adults. SETTING: A university clinical research laboratory.
PARTICIPANTS: Overweight/obese adults with radiographic knee
osteoarthritis (OA) as well as pain and disability
associated with the disease (N=179). INTERVENTIONS: Not
applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The AIMS and WOMAC were
administered to determine self-report measures of pain and
disability. Speed, stride length, support time, knee angle,
and peak vertical force (PVF) were determined from
3-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data collected on
subjects walking at self-selected normal and fast speeds.
Anthropometric data and radiographic levels of OA were also
collected. RESULTS: Pearson correlation analysis showed that
the AIMS physical disability score was inversely correlated
with speed, stride length, and knee range of motion at both
speeds and PVF at the fast speed. The WOMAC function score
was inversely correlated with speed and stride length at
both speeds and with PVF at fast speed. The WOMAC pain score
was inversely correlated with speed and PVF at the fast
speed. Regression analysis revealed that the AIMS physical
disability score and body mass index accounted for the
greatest variation in speed at the normal speed. Overall,
AIMS physical disability and WOMAC function explained a
larger proportion of variance in gait mechanics than
radiographic measures of OA disease severity. CONCLUSIONS:
Taken together, the results suggest that the AIMS physical
disability and WOMAC function scores are associated with
some important measures of gait impairment.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.apmr.2009.07.010},
Key = {fds241091}
}
@article{fds241100,
Author = {Kivell, TL and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes
shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking
ancestor.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {106},
Number = {34},
Pages = {14241-14246},
Year = {2009},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0901280106},
Keywords = {Animals Anthropology, Physical Biological Evolution* Fossils
Hominidae Humans Walking Wrist Joint anatomy & histology
physiology physiology*},
Abstract = {Despite decades of debate, it remains unclear whether human
bipedalism evolved from a terrestrial knuckle-walking
ancestor or from a more generalized, arboreal ape ancestor.
Proponents of the knuckle-walking hypothesis focused on the
wrist and hand to find morphological evidence of this
behavior in the human fossil record. These studies, however,
have not examined variation or development of purported
knuckle-walking features in apes or other primates, data
that are critical to resolution of this long-standing
debate. Here we present novel data on the frequency and
development of putative knuckle-walking features of the
wrist in apes and monkeys. We use these data to test the
hypothesis that all knuckle-walking apes share similar
anatomical features and that these features can be used to
reliably infer locomotor behavior in our extinct ancestors.
Contrary to previous expectations, features long-assumed to
indicate knuckle-walking behavior are not found in all
African apes, show different developmental patterns across
species, and are found in nonknuckle-walking primates as
well. However, variation among African ape wrist morphology
can be clearly explained if we accept the likely independent
evolution of 2 fundamentally different biomechanical modes
of knuckle-walking: an extended wrist posture in an arboreal
environment (Pan) versus a neutral, columnar hand posture in
a terrestrial environment (Gorilla). The presence of
purported knuckle-walking features in the hominin wrist can
thus be viewed as evidence of arboreality, not
terrestriality, and provide evidence that human bipedalism
evolved from a more arboreal ancestor occupying the
ecological niche common to all living apes.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0901280106},
Key = {fds241100}
}
@article{fds241099,
Author = {Somers, TJ and Keefe, FJ and Pells, JJ and Dixon, KE and Waters, SJ and Riordan, PA and Blumenthal, JA and McKee, DC and LaCaille, L and Tucker,
JM and Schmitt, D and Caldwell, DS and Kraus, VB and Sims, EL and Shelby,
RA and Rice, JR},
Title = {Pain catastrophizing and pain-related fear in osteoarthritis
patients: relationships to pain and disability.},
Journal = {J Pain Symptom Manage},
Volume = {37},
Number = {5},
Pages = {863-872},
Year = {2009},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1873-6513},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19041218},
Keywords = {Activities of Daily Living* Anxiety Comorbidity Disability
Evaluation* Fear* Female Humans Male Middle Aged North
Carolina Osteoarthritis, Knee Pain Risk Assessment Risk
Factors diagnosis epidemiology epidemiology* methods
psychology},
Abstract = {This study examined the degree to which pain catastrophizing
and pain-related fear explain pain, psychological
disability, physical disability, and walking speed in
patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Participants
in this study were 106 individuals diagnosed as having OA of
at least one knee, who reported knee pain persisting for six
months or longer. Results suggest that pain catastrophizing
explained a significant proportion (all Ps < or = 0.05) of
variance in measures of pain (partial r(2) [pr(2)] = 0.10),
psychological disability (pr(2) = 0.20), physical disability
(pr(2) = 0.11), and gait velocity at normal (pr(2) = 0.04),
fast (pr(2) = 0.04), and intermediate speeds (pr(2) = 0.04).
Pain-related fear explained a significant proportion of the
variance in measures of psychological disability (pr(2) =
0.07) and walking at a fast speed (pr(2) = 0.05). Pain
cognitions, particularly pain catastrophizing, appear to be
important variables in understanding pain, disability, and
walking at normal, fast, and intermediate speeds in knee OA
patients. Clinicians interested in understanding variations
in pain and disability in this population may benefit by
expanding the focus of their inquiries beyond traditional
medical and demographic variables to include an assessment
of pain catastrophizing and pain-related
fear.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2008.05.009},
Key = {fds241099}
}
@article{fds241082,
Author = {Sims, EL and Carland, JM and Keefe, FJ and Kraus, VB and Guilak, F and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Sex differences in biomechanics associated with knee
osteoarthritis.},
Journal = {J Women Aging},
Volume = {21},
Number = {3},
Pages = {159-170},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {1540-7322},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20183142},
Keywords = {Adult Aged Biomechanics Female Humans Imaging,
Three-Dimensional Male Middle Aged Osteoarthritis, Knee
Prevalence Severity of Illness Index Sex Distribution
epidemiology* physiopathology*},
Abstract = {Osteoarthritis of the knee is seen more frequently in
females than males. However, few studies have examined the
interplay of gender, gait mechanics, pain, and disability in
persons with osteoarthritis. This study examines the
influence of anthropometrics, radiographic disease severity,
pain, and disability on gender differences in gait mechanics
in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Gait mechanics for 26
men and 30 women were collected using 3-D kinematics and
kinetics. Women had a significantly lower knee adduction
moment than men and a significantly higher stride frequency.
Within female subjects, variations in gait mechanics were
primarily explained by weight, BMI, pain, and disability. In
males, variations in gait mechanics were primarily explained
by age and disability.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1080/08952840903054856},
Key = {fds241082}
}
@article{fds241097,
Author = {Pells, JJ and Shelby, RA and Keefe, FJ and Dixon, KE and Blumenthal, JA and LaCaille, L and Tucker, JM and Schmitt, D and Caldwell, DS and Kraus,
VB},
Title = {Arthritis self-efficacy and self-efficacy for resisting
eating: relationships to pain, disability, and eating
behavior in overweight and obese individuals with
osteoarthritic knee pain.},
Journal = {Pain},
Volume = {136},
Number = {3},
Pages = {340-347},
Year = {2008},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1872-6623},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17764844},
Keywords = {Arthralgia Comorbidity Disability Evaluation Employment
Feeding Behavior* Female Humans Male Middle Aged North
Carolina Obesity Osteoarthritis, Knee Overweight Prevalence
Prognosis Risk Assessment Self Efficacy* epidemiology
epidemiology* methods* prevention & control statistics &
numerical data},
Abstract = {This study examined arthritis self-efficacy and
self-efficacy for resisting eating as predictors of pain,
disability, and eating behaviors in overweight or obese
patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Patients
(N=174) with a body mass index between 25 and 42 completed
measures of arthritis-related self-efficacy, weight-related
self-efficacy, pain, physical disability, psychological
disability, overeating, and demographic and medical
information. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were
conducted to examine whether arthritis self-efficacy
(efficacy for pain control, physical function, and other
symptoms) and self-efficacy for resisting eating accounted
for significant variance in pain, disability, and eating
behaviors after controlling for demographic and medical
characteristics. Analyses also tested whether the
contributions of self-efficacy were domain specific. Results
showed that self-efficacy for pain accounted for 14% (p=.01)
of the variance in pain, compared to only 3% accounted for
by self-efficacy for physical function and other symptoms.
Self-efficacy for physical function accounted for 10%
(p=.001) of the variance in physical disability, while
self-efficacy for pain and other symptoms accounted for 3%.
Self-efficacy for other (emotional) symptoms and resisting
eating accounted for 21% (p<.05) of the variance in
psychological disability, while self-efficacy for pain
control and physical function were not significant
predictors. Self-efficacy for resisting eating accounted for
28% (p=.001) of the variance in eating behaviors. Findings
indicate that self-efficacy is important in understanding
pain and behavioral adjustment in overweight or obese OA
patients. Moreover, the contributions of self-efficacy were
domain specific. Interventions targeting both arthritis
self-efficacy and self-efficacy for resisting eating may be
helpful in this population.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.pain.2007.07.012},
Key = {fds241097}
}
@article{fds241098,
Author = {Hanna, JB and Schmitt, D and Griffin, TM},
Title = {The energetic cost of climbing in primates.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {320},
Number = {5878},
Pages = {898},
Year = {2008},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1155504},
Keywords = {Animals Biomechanics Body Size Body Weight Energy
Metabolism* Locomotion Lorisidae Oxygen Consumption Saimiri
Strepsirhini Walking physiology*},
Abstract = {Primates are exceptional among mammals for their climbing
abilities and arboreal lifestyles. Here we show that small
primates (less than 0.5 kilogram) consume the same amount of
mass-specific energy (COTTOT) whether climbing or walking a
given distance. COTTOT decreases with increasing body size
for walking but does not change for climbing. This
divergence of COTTOT is likely due to fundamental
differences in the biomechanical determinants of the costs
of climbing versus walking. These results have important
implications for understanding the origins of primates,
suggesting that small early primates may have been able to
move into a novel arboreal niche without increasing
metabolic costs.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1155504},
Key = {fds241098}
}
@article{fds241078,
Author = {Bishop, KL and Pai, AK and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Whole body mechanics of stealthy walking in
cats.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {3},
Number = {11},
Pages = {e3808},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1932-6203},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/4508 Duke open
access},
Keywords = {Animals Cats Energy Metabolism Gait Locomotion Mechanics
Walking physiology*},
Abstract = {The metabolic cost associated with locomotion represents a
significant part of an animal's metabolic energy budget.
Therefore understanding the ways in which animals manage the
energy required for locomotion by controlling muscular
effort is critical to understanding limb design and the
evolution of locomotor behavior. The assumption that
energetic economy is the most important target of natural
selection underlies many analyses of steady animal
locomotion, leading to the prediction that animals will
choose gaits and postures that maximize energetic
efficiency. Many quadrupedal animals, particularly those
that specialize in long distance steady locomotion, do in
fact reduce the muscular contribution required for walking
by adopting pendulum-like center of mass movements that
facilitate exchange between kinetic energy (KE) and
potential energy (PE). However, animals that are not
specialized for long distance steady locomotion may face a
more complex set of requirements, some of which may conflict
with the efficient exchange of mechanical energy. For
example, the "stealthy" walking style of cats may demand
slow movements performed with the center of mass close to
the ground. Force plate and video data show that domestic
cats (Felis catus, Linnaeus, 1758) have lower mechanical
energy recovery than mammals specialized for distance. A
strong negative correlation was found between mechanical
energy recovery and diagonality in the footfalls and there
was also a negative correlation between limb compression and
diagonality of footfalls such that more crouched postures
tended to have greater diagonality. These data show a
previously unrecognized mechanical relationship in which
crouched postures are associated with changes in footfall
pattern which are in turn related to reduced mechanical
energy recovery. Low energy recovery was not associated with
decreased vertical oscillations of the center of mass as
theoretically predicted, but rather with posture and
footfall pattern on the phase relationship between potential
and kinetic energy. An important implication of these
results is the possibility of a tradeoff between stealthy
walking and economy of locomotion. This potential tradeoff
highlights the complex and conflicting pressures that may
govern the locomotor choices that animals
make.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0003808},
Key = {fds241078}
}
@article{fds241063,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Lemelin, P and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Primate gaits and primate origins},
Pages = {403-435},
Booktitle = {Primate Origins},
Publisher = {Springer US},
Editor = {M. Dagosto and M. Ravosa},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-33507-0_12},
Doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-33507-0_12},
Key = {fds241063}
}
@article{fds241064,
Author = {Lemelin, P and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Origins of grasping and locomotor adaptations in primates:
Comparative and experimental approaches using an opossum
model},
Pages = {329-380},
Publisher = {Springer US},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-33507-0_10},
Abstract = {Since the turn of the 20th century, most anthropologists
agreed on one fundamental notion: the origin and evolution
of the order Primates was closely tied with life in the
trees. This view is founded on the obvious observation that
the vast majority of extant primates live in the trees and
have colonized many different arboreal habitats. Smith
(1912) and Jones (1916) were among the first to relate some
of the unique anatomical and behavioral characteristics of
primates with arboreal life. Their views were promoted by
LeGros Clark (1959), but later challenged and refined by
Cartmill (1972, 1974a,b) who suggested that the
forward-facing eyes and grasping extremities of primates can
be interpreted as adaptations to cautious foraging for
insect prey on thin, flexible branches. At the same time,
Jenkins (1974: 112) suggested that "The adaptive innovation
of ancestral primates was therefore not the invasion of the
arboreal habitat, but their successful restriction to it."
However, there are several extant mammal species other than
primates that are restricted to an arboreal environment,
particularly in which thin and flexible branches abound. As
Cartmill (1972, 1974a,b) and Ramussen (1990) stressed, those
nonprimate mammals offer great potential in addressing the
problem of primate origins. The views of Jenkins and
Cartmill had a profound influence on the adaptive
explanations of the postcranial and locomotor features that
define primates as a group. Several primate postcranial and
locomotor characteristics, rare in other mammals, are now
being interpreted as evidence of an invasion and restriction
to a fine-branch, arboreal niche by the earliest primates.
For example, primates have prehensile hands and feet that
bear nails instead of sharp claws (Cartmill, 1970, 1972,
1974a,b, 1985; Jones, 1916, 1929; LeGros Clark, 1959;
Lemelin, 1996; Martin, 1968, 1986, 1990; Mivart, 1873;
Napier, 1961, 1993; Napier and Napier, 1967; Szalay and
Dagosto, 1988; Szalay et al., 1987) and relatively long
limbs (Alexander et al., 1979; Polk et al., 2000) with more
mobile joints, particularly in the forelimbs (Reynolds,
1985b). In addition to these postcranial features, most
primates share three locomotor characteristics that are
unusual or unique compared to other mammals (Larson, 1998).
During quadrupedal walking, primates are characterized by:
(a) an almost exclusive use of diagonal-sequence (DS)
walking gaits (i.e., each hind footfall is followed by the
contralateral fore footfall) (Cartmill et al., 2002;
Hildebrand, 1967, 1985; Rollinson and Martin, 1981; Vilensky
and Larson, 1989); (b) a protracted arm position at forelimb
touchdown (i.e., arm greater than 90 relative to horizontal
body axis) (Larson, 1998; Larson et al., 2000, 2001); (c)
relatively lower peak vertical substrate reaction forces
(Vpk) on the forelimbs compared to the hindlimbs (Demes et
al., 1994; Kimura et al., 1979; Reynolds, 1985b); and (d)
forelimb compliance (Larney and Larson 2004; Schmitt, 1998,
1999, 2003a,b; Schmitt and Hanna, 2004). What has been
lacking is a clear demonstration that mammals restricted to
a fine-branch environment possess similar postcranial and
locomotor characteristics that are functionally linked to
moving and foraging on thin arboreal supports. In this
chapter, we present the results of comparative and
experimental studies that test the relationship between the
presence of primate-like features and fine-branch
arborealism using ecological convergence between didelphid
marsupials and prosimian primates. Following a review of
various models of primates, we present morphometric and
behavioral data for opossums and primates that test
specifically the functional link between the presence of
more grasping, primate-like cheiridia and movement on thin
branches. In the second part, we report experimental results
that specifically test for the presence of three gait
characteristics typical of most primates in a fine-branch
arborealist, the woolly opossum (Caluromys philander). In
the last part of this chapter, we discuss how these data
accord with current theories of primate origins and assess
the relevance of an opossum model in inferring the locomotor
profile and ecological niche of the earliest primates. ©
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007.},
Doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-33507-0_10},
Key = {fds241064}
}
@article{fds241090,
Author = {Hutchinson, D and Ho, V and Dodd, M and Dawson, HN and Zumwalt, AC and Schmitt, D and Colton, CA},
Title = {Quantitative measurement of postural sway in mouse models of
human neurodegenerative disease.},
Journal = {Neuroscience},
Volume = {148},
Number = {4},
Pages = {825-832},
Year = {2007},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0306-4522},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17764851},
Keywords = {Age Factors Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor Animals Animals,
Newborn Behavior, Animal Biomechanics Disease Models,
Animal* Female Harmaline Humans Male Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL
Mice, Transgenic Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors Motor Activity
Mutation Neurodegenerative Diseases Nitric Oxide Synthase
Type II Postural Balance Posture Tremor adverse effects
chemically induced drug effects genetics methods physiology
physiology* physiopathology physiopathology*},
Abstract = {Detection of motor dysfunction in genetic mouse models of
neurodegenerative disease requires reproducible,
standardized and sensitive behavioral assays. We have
utilized a center of pressure (CoP) assay in mice to
quantify postural sway produced by genetic mutations that
affect motor control centers of the brain. As a positive
control for postural instability, wild type mice were
injected with harmaline, a tremorigenic agent, and the
average areas of the 95% confidence ellipse, which measures
95% of the CoP trajectory values recorded in a single trial,
were measured. Ellipse area significantly increased in mice
treated with increasing doses of harmaline and returned to
control values after recovery. We also examined postural
sway in mice expressing mutations that mimic frontotemporal
dementia with Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17)
(T-279, P301L or P301L-nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2)(-/-)
mice) and that demonstrate motor symptoms. These mice were
then compared with a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
(APPSwDI mice) that demonstrates cognitive, but not motor
deficits. T-279 and P301L-NOS2(-/-) mice demonstrated a
significant increase in CoP ellipse area compared with
appropriate wild type control mice or to mice expressing the
P301L mutation alone. In contrast, postural instability was
significantly reduced in APPSwDI mice that have cognitive
deficits but do not have associated motor deficits. The CoP
assay provides a simple, sensitive and quantitative tool to
detect motor deficits resulting from postural abnormalities
in mice and may be useful in understanding the underlying
mechanisms of disease.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.07.025},
Key = {fds241090}
}
@article{fds241101,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Lemelin, P and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Understanding the adaptive value of diagonal-sequence gaits
in primates: a comment on Shapiro and Raichlen,
2005.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {133},
Number = {2},
Pages = {822-825},
Year = {2007},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17427929},
Keywords = {Adaptation, Physiological* Animals Animals, Newborn
Anthropology, Physical* Biological Evolution Biomechanics
Gait Primates Species Specificity Walking physiology
physiology*},
Abstract = {This study examined arthritis self-efficacy and
self-efficacy for resisting eating as predictors of pain,
disability, and eating behaviors in overweight or obese
patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Patients
(N=174) with a body mass index between 25 and 42 completed
measures of arthritis-related self-efficacy, weight-related
self-efficacy, pain, physical disability, psychological
disability, overeating, and demographic and medical
information. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were
conducted to examine whether arthritis self-efficacy
(efficacy for pain control, physical function, and other
symptoms) and self-efficacy for resisting eating accounted
for significant variance in pain, disability, and eating
behaviors after controlling for demographic and medical
characteristics. Analyses also tested whether the
contributions of self-efficacy were domain specific. Results
showed that self-efficacy for pain accounted for 14% (p=.01)
of the variance in pain, compared to only 3% accounted for
by self-efficacy for physical function and other symptoms.
Self-efficacy for physical function accounted for 10%
(p=.001) of the variance in physical disability, while
self-efficacy for pain and other symptoms accounted for 3%.
Self-efficacy for other (emotional) symptoms and resisting
eating accounted for 21% (p<.05) of the variance in
psychological disability, while self-efficacy for pain
control and physical function were not significant
predictors. Self-efficacy for resisting eating accounted for
28% (p=.001) of the variance in eating behaviors. Findings
indicate that self-efficacy is important in understanding
pain and behavioral adjustment in overweight or obese OA
patients. Moreover, the contributions of self-efficacy were
domain specific. Interventions targeting both arthritis
self-efficacy and self-efficacy for resisting eating may be
helpful in this population.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20589},
Key = {fds241101}
}
@article{fds241106,
Author = {Hanna, JB and Polk, JD and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Forelimb and hindlimb forces in walking and galloping
primates.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {130},
Number = {4},
Pages = {529-535},
Year = {2006},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20385},
Keywords = {Animals Callithrix Cercopithecus aethiops Cheirogaleidae
Erythrocebus patas Female Forelimb Gait Hindlimb Kinetics
Locomotion Macaca mulatta Male Papio anubis Primates
Videotape Recording Walking Weight-Bearing physiology
physiology*},
Abstract = {One trait that distinguishes the walking gaits of most
primates from those of most mammalian nonprimates is the
distribution of weight between the forelimbs and hindlimbs.
Nonprimate mammals generally experience higher vertical peak
substrate reaction forces on the forelimb than on the
hindlimb. Primates, in contrast, generally experience higher
vertical peak substrate reaction forces on the hindlimb than
on the forelimb. It is currently unclear whether this
unusual pattern of force distribution characterizes other
primate gaits as well. The available kinetic data for
galloping primates are limited and present an ambiguous
picture about peak-force distribution among the limbs. The
present study investigates whether the pattern of
forelimb-to-hindlimb force distribution seen during walking
in primates is also displayed during galloping. Six species
of primates were video-recorded during walking and galloping
across a runway or horizontal pole instrumented with a
force-plate. The results show that while the force
differences between forelimb and hindlimb are not
significantly different from zero during galloping, the
pattern of force distribution is generally the same during
walking and galloping for most primate species. These
patterns and statistical results are similar to data
collected during walking on the ground. The pattern of limb
differentiation exhibited by primates during walking and
galloping stands in contrast to the pattern seen in most
nonprimate mammals, in which forelimb forces are
significantly higher. The data reported here and by Demes et
al. ([1994] J. Hum. Evol. 26:353-374) suggest that a
relative reduction of forelimb vertical peak forces is part
of an overall difference in locomotor mechanics between most
primates and most nonprimate mammals during both walking and
galloping.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20385},
Key = {fds241106}
}
@article{fds241107,
Author = {Schmitt, D and Cartmill, M and Griffin, TM and Hanna, JB and Lemelin,
P},
Title = {Adaptive value of ambling gaits in primates and other
mammals.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Volume = {209},
Number = {Pt 11},
Pages = {2042-2049},
Year = {2006},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0022-0949},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16709907},
Keywords = {Adaptation, Physiological Animals Gait Locomotion Models,
Biological Primates Species Specificity anatomy & histology
physiology physiology*},
Abstract = {At speeds between the walk and the gallop, most mammals
trot. Primates almost never trot, and it has been claimed
that they transition directly from a walk to a gallop
without any distinctive mid-speed running gait. If true,
this would be another characteristic difference between the
locomotion of primates and that of most other quadrupedal
mammals. Presently, however, few data exist concerning the
actual presence or absence of intermediate-speed gaits (i.e.
gaits that are used between a walk and a gallop) in
primates. Video records of running in twelve primate species
reveal that, unlike most other mammals, all the primates
studied almost exclusively adopt an 'amble'--an
intermediate-speed running gait with no whole-body aerial
phase--rather than trot. Ambling is also common in elephants
and some horses, raising the question of why ambling is
preferred over trotting in these diverse groups of animals.
Mathematical analyses presented here show that ambling
ensures continuous contact of the body with the substrate
while dramatically reducing vertical oscillations of the
center of mass. This may explain why ambling appears to be
preferable to trotting for extremely large terrestrial
mammals such as elephants and for arboreal mammals like
primates that move on unstable branches. These findings
allow us to better understand the mechanics of these unusual
running gaits and shed new light on primate locomotor
evolution.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.02235},
Key = {fds241107}
}
@article{fds201335,
Author = {JB Hanna},
Title = {Kinematics of vertical climbing in lorises and Cheirogaleus
medius.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {50},
Number = {4},
Pages = {469-78},
Year = {2006},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.12.001},
Keywords = {Adaptation, Physiological Animals Biomechanics
Cheirogaleidae Hip Leg Locomotion Lorisidae Species
Specificity Thigh classification physiology
physiology*},
Abstract = {The type of climbing exhibited by apes and atelines is
argued to have been important in the evolution of
specialized locomotion, such as suspensory locomotion and
bipedalism. However, little is known about the mechanics of
climbing in primates. Previous work shows that Asian apes
and atelines use larger joint excursions and longer strides
than African apes and the Japanese macaque, respectively.
This study expands knowledge of climbing mechanics by
providing the first quantitative kinematic data for vertical
climbing in four prosimian species: three lorisid species
(Loris tardigradus, Nycticebus coucang, and Nycticebus
pygmaeus) that share with apes and atelines morphological
traits arguably related to climbing, and a more generalized
quadruped, Cheirogaleus medius. Subjects were videotaped as
they climbed up a wooden pole. Kinematic values, such as
step length and limb excursions, were calculated and
compared between species. The results of this study show
that lorises, like Asian apes and spider monkeys, use
relatively larger joint excursions and longer steps than
does C. medius during climbing. These data lend further
support to the idea that some primate species (e.g.,
lorises, atelines, and apes) are more specialized
kinematically and morphologically for climbing than others.
Pilot data suggest that such kinematic differences in
climbing style across broad phylogenetic groups may relate
to the energetics of climbing. Such data may be important
for understanding the morphological and kinematic
adaptations to climbing exhibited by some
primates.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.12.001},
Key = {fds201335}
}
@article{fds241109,
Author = {Stevens, NJ and Schmitt, DO and Cole, TM and Chan,
L-K},
Title = {Technical note: out-of-plane angular correction based on a
trigonometric function for use in two-dimensional kinematic
studies.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {129},
Number = {3},
Pages = {399-402},
Year = {2006},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20359},
Keywords = {Biomechanics Extremities* Mathematics* Models, Theoretical*
methods*},
Abstract = {In two-dimensional (2D) kinematic studies, limb positions in
three-dimensional (3D) space observed in lateral view are
projected onto a 2D film plane. Elbow and knee-joint angles
that are less than 20 degrees out-of-plane of lateral-view
cameras generally exhibit very little measurable difference
from their 3D counterparts (Plagenhoef 1979 Environment,
Behavior, and Morphology; New York: Gustav Fisher, p.
95-118). However, when limb segment angles are more than 20
degrees out-of-plane, as is often the case in locomotor
studies of arboreal primates, elbow and knee angles can
appear significantly more extended than they actually are.
For this reason, a methodology is described that corrects 2D
out-of-plane angular estimates using a series of
trigonometric transformations.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20359},
Key = {fds241109}
}
@article{fds241108,
Author = {Zumwalt, AC and Hamrick, M and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Force plate for measuring the ground reaction forces in
small animal locomotion.},
Journal = {Journal of biomechanics},
Volume = {39},
Number = {15},
Pages = {2877-2881},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0021-9290},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.10.006},
Keywords = {Animals Biomechanics Data Collection Equipment Design
Forelimb Hindlimb Locomotion Mice Musculoskeletal
Physiological Phenomena Physiology Postural Balance
instrumentation* methods physiology physiology*},
Abstract = {The importance of kinetic force plate studies of locomotion
in small animals has grown recently with the increasing use
of rodent models for studies of musculoskeletal diseases.
However, the force plates for use with animals much smaller
than a cat are difficult to design and use. Here we present
data on a commercially available small force plate that
accurately collects whole-body and, in a modified form,
single-limb ground reaction forces in mice. The method used
here is convenient, inexpensive, and readily adaptable for
use with a variety of small species.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.10.006},
Key = {fds241108}
}
@misc{fds44897,
Author = {P. Lemelin and D. Schmitt},
Title = {The origins of grasping and locomotor adaptations in
primates: Comparative and experimental approaches using an
opossum model},
Booktitle = {Primate Origins},
Publisher = {Kluwer},
Editor = {M. Dagosto and M. Ravosa},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds44897}
}
@article{fds241105,
Author = {Chi, K-J and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Mechanical energy and effective foot mass during impact
loading of walking and running.},
Journal = {Journal of biomechanics},
Volume = {38},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1387-1395},
Year = {2005},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0021-9290},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.06.020},
Keywords = {Computer Simulation Connective Tissue Elasticity Energy
Transfer Foot Gait Heel Humans Models, Biological* Posture
Running Stress, Mechanical Walking physiology
physiology*},
Abstract = {The human heel pad is considered an important structure for
attenuation of the transient force caused by heel-strike.
Although the mechanical properties of heel pads are
relatively well understood, the mechanical energy (Etot)
absorbed by the heel pad during the impact phase has never
been documented directly because data on the effective foot
mass (Meff) was previously unavailable during normal forward
locomotion. In this study, we use the impulse-momentum
method (IMM) for calculating Meff from moving subjects.
Mass-spring-damper models were developed to evaluate errors
and to examine the effects of pad property, upper body mass,
and effective leg spring on Meff. We simultaneously
collected ground reaction forces, pad deformation, and lower
limb kinematics during impact phase of barefoot walking,
running, and crouched walking. The latter was included to
examine the effect of knee angle on Meff. The magnitude of
Meff as a percentage of body mass (M(B)) varies with knee
angle at impact and significantly differs among gaits:
6.3%M(B) in walking, 5.3%M(B) in running, and 3.7%M(B) in
crouched walking. Our modeling results suggested that Meff
is insensitive to heel pad resilience and effective leg
stiffness. At the instant prior to heel strike, Etot ranges
from 0.24 to 3.99 J. The combination of video and forceplate
data used in this study allows analyses of Etot and Etot as
a function of heel-strike kinematics during normal
locomotion. Relationship between Meff and knee angle
provides insights into how changes in posture moderate
impact transients at different gaits.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.06.020},
Key = {fds241105}
}
@article{fds241104,
Author = {Schmitt, D and Rose, MD and Turnquist, JE and Lemelin,
P},
Title = {Role of the prehensile tail during ateline locomotion:
experimental and osteological evidence.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {126},
Number = {4},
Pages = {435-446},
Year = {2005},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20075},
Keywords = {Animals Anthropometry Biomechanics Bone and Bones Cebidae
Locomotion Muscle, Skeletal Species Specificity Tail anatomy
& histology anatomy & histology* physiology*},
Abstract = {The dynamic role of the prehensile tail of atelines during
locomotion is poorly understood. While some have viewed the
tail of Ateles simply as a safety mechanism, others have
suggested that the prehensile tail plays an active role by
adjusting pendulum length or controlling lateral sway during
bimanual suspensory locomotion. This study examines the bony
and muscular anatomy of the prehensile tail as well as the
kinematics of tail use during tail-assisted brachiation in
two primates, Ateles and Lagothrix. These two platyrrhines
differ in anatomy and in the frequency and kinematics of
suspensory locomotion. Lagothrix is stockier, has shorter
forelimbs, and spends more time traveling quadrupedally and
less time using bimanual suspensory locomotion than does
Ateles. In addition, previous studies showed that Ateles
exhibits greater hyperextension of the tail, uses its tail
to grip only on alternate handholds, and has a larger
abductor caudae medialis muscle compared to Lagothrix. In
order to investigate the relationship between anatomy and
behavior concerning the prehensile tail, osteological data
and kinematic data were collected for Ateles fusciceps and
Lagothrix lagothricha. The results demonstrate that Ateles
has more numerous and smaller caudal elements, particularly
in the proximal tail region. In addition, transverse
processes are relatively wider, and sacro-caudal
articulation is more acute in Ateles compared to Lagothrix.
These differences reflect the larger abductor muscle mass
and greater hyperextension in Ateles. In addition, Ateles
shows fewer side-to-side movements during tail-assisted
brachiation than does Lagothrix. These data support the
notion that the prehensile tail represents a critical
dynamic element in the tail-assisted brachiation of Ateles,
and may be useful in developing inferences concerning
behavior in fossil primates.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20075},
Key = {fds241104}
}
@misc{fds44934,
Author = {Wall, C.E. and Schmitt, D. and Vinyard, C.J. and Hylander,
W.L.},
Title = {Correlation between transverse mandibular movements and
masseter muscle activity during chewing in Papio
anubis.},
Pages = {277-282},
Booktitle = {Dental Anthropology 2001},
Publisher = {Sheffield Academic Press},
Editor = {A. Brook},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds44934}
}
@article{fds53025,
Author = {CJ Vinyard and D Schmitt},
Title = {New technique for studying reaction forces during primate
behaviors on vertical substrates.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {125},
Number = {4},
Pages = {343-51},
Year = {2004},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.10395},
Keywords = {Animals Biomechanics Biophysics Ergometry Motor Activity
Primates instrumentation instrumentation* methods*
physiology*},
Abstract = {Recording reaction forces from primates during behaviors on
vertical substrates, such as leaping, climbing, or biting
trees, typically requires the design and construction of
customized recording devices or mounting commercially
available force platforms in a vertical position. The
technical difficulties imposed by either option have
hindered in vivo research on the kinetics of primate
behaviors on vertical substrates. We describe a simple,
inexpensive apparatus for recording forces from primate
behaviors on vertical substrates. The apparatus includes an
instrumented beam fastened directly to a horizontal force
platform and a surrounding vertical substrate that does not
contact the instrumented beam or platform. The contact piece
at the end of the instrumented beam is positioned flush with
the noninstrumented vertical substrate, and reaction forces
elicited on this instrumented section are directed to the
force platform. Because most of the vertical substrate is
not instrumented, we can isolate and record forces from a
single limb or jaw during a behavior. Biewener and Full
([1992] Biomechanics Structures and Positions: A Practical
Approach; New York: Oxford University press, p. 45-73) gave
seven criteria to consider when designing a customized
force-recording device. Where appropriate, we tested if our
apparatus met their criteria. The apparatus accurately
records forces in three orthogonal directions, has low
cross-talk, maintains a high frequency response, exhibits a
linear response up to at least 200 Newtons, and displays a
uniform response to a given force across the instrumented
contact piece. Our design does not easily facilitate the
identification of the point of force application. Therefore,
joint moments cannot be easily calculated. This limitation,
however, does not affect the apparatus's ability to
accurately record the magnitude and direction of a force (as
shown by other tests). We developed this apparatus to
measure jaw forces during tree gouging in common marmosets
(Callithrix jacchus), but the general design can be readily
modified to study a variety of primate behaviors on vertical
substrates.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.10395},
Key = {fds53025}
}
@article{fds241120,
Author = {Vinyard, CJ and Schmitt, D},
Title = {New technique for studying reaction forces during primate
behaviors on vertical substrates.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {125},
Number = {4},
Pages = {343-351},
Year = {2004},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.10395},
Abstract = {Recording reaction forces from primates during behaviors on
vertical substrates, such as leaping, climbing, or biting
trees, typically requires the design and construction of
customized recording devices or mounting commercially
available force platforms in a vertical position. The
technical difficulties imposed by either option have
hindered in vivo research on the kinetics of primate
behaviors on vertical substrates. We describe a simple,
inexpensive apparatus for recording forces from primate
behaviors on vertical substrates. The apparatus includes an
instrumented beam fastened directly to a horizontal force
platform and a surrounding vertical substrate that does not
contact the instrumented beam or platform. The contact piece
at the end of the instrumented beam is positioned flush with
the noninstrumented vertical substrate, and reaction forces
elicited on this instrumented section are directed to the
force platform. Because most of the vertical substrate is
not instrumented, we can isolate and record forces from a
single limb or jaw during a behavior. Biewener and Full
([1992] Biomechanics Structures and Positions: A Practical
Approach; New York: Oxford University press, p. 45-73) gave
seven criteria to consider when designing a customized
force-recording device. Where appropriate, we tested if our
apparatus met their criteria. The apparatus accurately
records forces in three orthogonal directions, has low
cross-talk, maintains a high frequency response, exhibits a
linear response up to at least 200 Newtons, and displays a
uniform response to a given force across the instrumented
contact piece. Our design does not easily facilitate the
identification of the point of force application. Therefore,
joint moments cannot be easily calculated. This limitation,
however, does not affect the apparatus's ability to
accurately record the magnitude and direction of a force (as
shown by other tests). We developed this apparatus to
measure jaw forces during tree gouging in common marmosets
(Callithrix jacchus), but the general design can be readily
modified to study a variety of primate behaviors on vertical
substrates.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.10395},
Key = {fds241120}
}
@article{fds241103,
Author = {Schmitt, D and Lemelin, P},
Title = {Locomotor mechanics of the slender loris (Loris
tardigradus).},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {47},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {85-94},
Year = {2004},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.05.006},
Keywords = {Adaptation, Physiological Animals Anthropology, Physical
Biomechanics Female Lorisidae Male Posture Trees Video
Recording Walking physiology*},
Abstract = {The quadrupedal walking gaits of most primates can be
distinguished from those of most other mammals by the
presence of diagonal-sequence (DS) footfall patterns and
higher peak vertical forces on the hindlimbs compared to the
forelimbs. The walking gait of the woolly opossum (Caluromys
philander), a highly arboreal marsupial, is also
characterized by diagonal-sequence footfalls and relatively
low peak forelimb forces. Among primates, three
species--Callithrix, Nycticebus, and Loris--have been
reported to frequently use lateral-sequence (LS) gaits and
experience relatively higher peak vertical forces on the
forelimbs. These patterns among primates and other mammals
suggest a strong association between footfall patterns and
force distribution on the limbs. However, current data for
lorises are limited and the frequency of DS vs. LS walking
gaits in Loris is still ambiguous. To test the hypothesis
that patterns of footfalls and force distribution on the
limbs are functionally linked, kinematic and kinetic data
were collected simultaneously for three adult slender
lorises (Loris tardigradus) walking on a 1.25 cm horizontal
pole. All subjects in this study consistently used
diagonal-sequence walking gaits and always had higher peak
vertical forces on their forelimbs relative to their
hindlimbs. These results call into question the hypothesis
that a functional link exists between the presence of
diagonal-sequence walking gaits and relatively higher peak
vertical forces on the hindlimbs. In addition, this study
tested models that explain patterns of force distribution
based on limb protraction angle or limb compliance. None of
the Loris subjects examined showed kinematic patterns that
would support current models proposing that weight
distribution can be adjusted by actively shifting weight
posteriorly or by changing limb stiffness. These data reveal
the complexity of adaptations to arboreal locomotion in
primates and indicate that diagonal-sequence walking gaits
and relatively low forelimb forces could have evolved
independently.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.05.006},
Key = {fds241103}
}
@article{fds241111,
Author = {Lemelin, P and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Seasonal variation in body mass and locomotor kinetics of
the fat-tailed dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus
medius).},
Journal = {Journal of morphology},
Volume = {260},
Number = {1},
Pages = {65-71},
Year = {2004},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10214},
Abstract = {The fat-tailed dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius) is unusual
among primates in storing large amounts of fat
subcutaneously prior to hibernating during the winter
months. In doing so, it increases its body mass by more than
50%, with a substantial weight gain in the tail. This
seasonal increase in mass provides a unique natural
experiment to examine how changes in body mass affect
substrate reaction forces during locomotion. As body mass
increases, it is expected that the limbs of the fat-tailed
dwarf lemur will be subjected to greater peak vertical
substrate reaction forces during quadrupedal walking.
However, whether or not these peak substrate reaction forces
will increase proportionally across forelimbs and hindlimbs
as body mass increases is unknown. Substrate reaction forces
were collected on four adult C. medius walking quadrupedally
on a 28-mm pole attached to a force platform. Peak vertical
substrate reaction forces (Vpk) (N) were analyzed and
compared for a cross-sectional sample of different body
masses (180-300 g). Forelimb and hindlimb Vpk were
positively correlated with body mass, with hindlimb Vpk
always higher than forelimb Vpk. However, the rate at which
Vpk increased relative to body mass was higher for the
hindlimb than the forelimb. This disproportion in weight
distribution between the forelimbs and hindlimbs as body
mass increases appears to be linked to the accumulation of
fat in the tail. It is likely that storing fat in the tail
region may shift the center of mass more caudally, from a
more cranial position when the tail is thinner. Such a
caudal shift of the center of mass-either morphological or
dynamic-is believed to have played an important role in the
functional differentiation of the limbs and the evolution of
locomotor modes of several tetrapod groups, including
dinosaurs and primates.},
Doi = {10.1002/jmor.10214},
Key = {fds241111}
}
@article{fds241077,
Author = {Schmitt, D and Hanna, JB},
Title = {Substrate alters forelimb to hindlimb peak force ratios in
primates.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {46},
Number = {3},
Pages = {239-254},
Year = {2004},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2003.11.008},
Keywords = {Animals Arm Cheirogaleidae Female Gait Haplorhini Leg Male
Primates Weight-Bearing physiology physiology*},
Abstract = {It is often claimed that the walking gaits of primates are
unusual because, unlike most other mammals, primates appear
to have higher vertical peak ground reaction forces on their
hindlimbs than on their forelimbs. Many researchers have
argued that this pattern of ground reaction force
distribution is part of a general adaptation to arboreal
locomotion. This argument is frequently used to support
models of primate locomotor evolution. Unfortunately, little
is known about the force distribution patterns of primates
walking on arboreal supports, nor do we completely
understand the mechanisms that regulate weight distribution
in primates. We collected vertical peak force data for seven
species of primates walking quadrupedally on instrumented
terrestrial and arboreal supports. Our results show that,
when walking on arboreal vs. terrestrial substrates,
primates generally have lower vertical peak forces on both
limbs but the difference is most extreme for the forelimb.
We found that force reduction occurs primarily by decreasing
forelimb and, to a lesser extent, hindlimb stiffness. As a
result, on arboreal supports, primates experience
significantly greater functional differentiation of the
forelimb and hindlimb than on the ground. These data support
long-standing theories that arboreal locomotion was a
critical factor in the differentiation of the forelimbs and
hindlimbs in primates. This change in functional role of the
forelimb may have played a critical role in the origin of
primates and facilitated the evolution of more specialized
locomotor behaviors.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2003.11.008},
Key = {fds241077}
}
@article{fds53028,
Author = {RF Kay and D Schmitt and CJ Vinyard and JM Perry and N Shigehara and M
Takai, N Egi},
Title = {The paleobiology of Amphipithecidae, South Asian late Eocene
primates.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {46},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3-25},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2003.11.008},
Keywords = {Animals Anthropology, Physical* Behavior, Animal Female
Fossils Locomotion* Male Orbit Primates Skull Tooth anatomy
& histology anatomy & histology*},
Abstract = {Analysis of the teeth, orbital, and gnathic regions of the
skull, and fragmentary postcranial bones provides evidence
for reconstructing a behavioral profile of Amphipithecidae:
Pondaungia, Amphipithecus, Myanmarpithecus (late middle
Eocene, Myanmar) and Siamopithecus (late Eocene, Thailand).
At 5-8 kg, Pondaungia, Amphipithecus, and Siamopithecus are
perhaps the largest known Eocene primates. The dental and
mandibular anatomy suggest that large-bodied amphipithecids
were hard-object feeders. The shape of the mandibular corpus
and stiffened symphysis suggest an ability to resist large
internal loads during chewing and to recruit significant
amounts of muscle forces from both the chewing and
non-chewing sides of the jaw so as to increase bite force
during mastication. The large spatulate upper central
incisor of Pondaungia and projecting robust canines of all
the larger amphipithecids suggest that incisal food
preparation was important. The molars of Siamopithecus,
Amphipithecus, and Pondaungia have weak shearing crests.
This, and the thick molar enamel found in Pondaungia,
suggests a diet of seeds and other hard objects low in
fiber. In contrast, Myanmarpithecus was smaller, about 1-2
kg; its cheek teeth suggest a frugivorous diet and do not
imply seed eating. Postcranial bones (humerus, ulna, and
calcaneus) of a single large amphipithecid individual from
Myanmar suggest an arboreal quadrupedal locomotor style like
that of howler monkeys or lorises. The humeral head is
rounded, proximally oriented, and the tuberosities are low
indicating an extremely mobile glenohumeral joint. The great
thickness of the midshaft cortical bone of the humerus
implies enhanced ability to resist bending and torsion, as
seen among slow moving primate quadrupeds. The elbow joint
exhibits articular features for enhanced stability in
habitually flexed positions, features also commonly found in
slow moving arboreal quadrupeds. The short distal load arm
of the calcaneus is consistent with, but not exclusive to,
slow, arboreal quadrupedalism, and suggests no reliance on
habitual leaping.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2003.11.008},
Key = {fds53028}
}
@article{fds241121,
Author = {Kay, RF and Schmitt, D and Vinyard, CJ and Perry, JMG and Shigehara, N and Takai, M and Egi, N},
Title = {The paleobiology of Amphipithecidae, South Asian late Eocene
primates.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {46},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3-25},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14698683},
Abstract = {Analysis of the teeth, orbital, and gnathic regions of the
skull, and fragmentary postcranial bones provides evidence
for reconstructing a behavioral profile of Amphipithecidae:
Pondaungia, Amphipithecus, Myanmarpithecus (late middle
Eocene, Myanmar) and Siamopithecus (late Eocene, Thailand).
At 5-8 kg, Pondaungia, Amphipithecus, and Siamopithecus are
perhaps the largest known Eocene primates. The dental and
mandibular anatomy suggest that large-bodied amphipithecids
were hard-object feeders. The shape of the mandibular corpus
and stiffened symphysis suggest an ability to resist large
internal loads during chewing and to recruit significant
amounts of muscle forces from both the chewing and
non-chewing sides of the jaw so as to increase bite force
during mastication. The large spatulate upper central
incisor of Pondaungia and projecting robust canines of all
the larger amphipithecids suggest that incisal food
preparation was important. The molars of Siamopithecus,
Amphipithecus, and Pondaungia have weak shearing crests.
This, and the thick molar enamel found in Pondaungia,
suggests a diet of seeds and other hard objects low in
fiber. In contrast, Myanmarpithecus was smaller, about 1-2
kg; its cheek teeth suggest a frugivorous diet and do not
imply seed eating. Postcranial bones (humerus, ulna, and
calcaneus) of a single large amphipithecid individual from
Myanmar suggest an arboreal quadrupedal locomotor style like
that of howler monkeys or lorises. The humeral head is
rounded, proximally oriented, and the tuberosities are low
indicating an extremely mobile glenohumeral joint. The great
thickness of the midshaft cortical bone of the humerus
implies enhanced ability to resist bending and torsion, as
seen among slow moving primate quadrupeds. The elbow joint
exhibits articular features for enhanced stability in
habitually flexed positions, features also commonly found in
slow moving arboreal quadrupeds. The short distal load arm
of the calcaneus is consistent with, but not exclusive to,
slow, arboreal quadrupedalism, and suggests no reliance on
habitual leaping.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2003.09.009},
Key = {fds241121}
}
@misc{fds44933,
Author = {Gruss, L. T. and Schmitt, D.},
Title = {Bipedalism in Homo Ergaster: An experimental study of the
effects of tibial proportions on locomotor biomechanics. In:
(J Meldrum and C. Hilton eds.) From Biped to Strider: The
emergence of modern human walking, running, and resource
transport.},
Booktitle = {From Biped to Strider: The emergence of modern human
walking, running, and resource transport.},
Publisher = {Kluwer},
Editor = {C. Hilton and J. Meldrum},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds44933}
}
@article{fds241122,
Author = {Schmitt, D and Lemelin, P},
Title = {Locomotor mechanics of the slender loris.},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {47},
Pages = {85-94},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds241122}
}
@article{fds241123,
Author = {Schmitt, D and Hanna, J},
Title = {Substrate alters forelimb to hindlimb peak force ratios on
primates},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {46},
Pages = {237-252},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds241123}
}
@article{fds241124,
Author = {Lemelin, P and Schmitt, D},
Title = {easonal variation in body mass and locomotor dynamics of the
fat-tailed dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius)},
Journal = {Journal of Morphology},
Volume = {260},
Pages = {65-71},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds241124}
}
@article{fds241117,
Author = {Schmitt, D},
Title = {Substrate Size Primate Forelimb Mechanics: Implications for
Understanding the Evolution of Primate Locomotion},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {24},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1023-1036},
Year = {2003},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026224211797},
Abstract = {Did the anatomical and locomotor specializations of primates
evolve in response to requirements of locomotion and
foraging on thin branches? Laboratory studies of primates
and other mammals provide data suggesting that as substrate
size decreases primates will protract their arms to a
greater degree, lower the center of gravity by increasing
elbow flexion, and decrease forelimb substrate reaction
forces. I tested these hypotheses by calculating maximum arm
protraction, shoulder height, elbow flexion, and substrate
reaction forces during stance phase in 5 species of Old
World monkeys walking on a flat runway and raised poles of
varying diameters. As substrate size decreased most subjects
increased elbow flexion and lowered their shoulder height.
Three of the 5 species lowered peak substrate reaction
forces as substrate size decreased but, only 2 of the
species increased arm protraction as substrate size
decreased. These results reject the hypothesis that arm
protraction is a function of branch size, but provide
stronger support for the notion that branch size influences
elbow flexion, shoulder height, and peak substrate reaction
forces in some primates. The fact that biomechanical
expectations are met in some (but not all) cases and some
(but not all) species suggests that the topic is quite
complex and requires further study. Nonetheless, preliminary
data suggest that biomechanical accommodations to substrate
size may have played a role in the early differentiation of
primates from other mammals.},
Doi = {10.1023/A:1026224211797},
Key = {fds241117}
}
@article{fds241076,
Author = {Schmitt, D},
Title = {Evolutionary implications of the unusual walking mechanics
of the common marmoset (C. jacchus).},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {122},
Number = {1},
Pages = {28-37},
Year = {2003},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.10214},
Keywords = {Animals Biological Evolution* Biomechanics Callithrix Gait
Male Walking* anatomy & histology* physiology},
Abstract = {Several features that appear to differentiate the walking
gaits of most primates from those of most other mammals (the
prevalence of diagonal-sequence footfalls, high degrees of
humeral protraction, and low forelimb vs. hindlimb peak
vertical forces) are believed to have evolved in response to
requirements of locomotion on thin arboreal supports by
early primates that had developed clawless grasping hands
and feet. This putative relationship between anatomy,
behavior, and ecology is tested here by examining gait
mechanics in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a
primate that has sharp claws and reduced pedal grasping, and
that spends much of its time clinging on large trunks.
Kinematic and kinetic data were collected on three male
Callithrix jacchus as they walked across a force platform
attached to the ground or to raised horizontal poles. The
vast majority of all walking gaits were lateral-sequence.
For all steps, the humerus was retracted (<90 degrees
relative to a horizontal axis) or held in a neutral (90
degrees ) position at forelimb touchdown. Peak vertical
forces on the forelimb were always higher than those on the
hindlimb. These three features of the walking gaits of C.
jacchus separate it from any other primate studied
(including other callitrichids). The walking gaits of C.
jacchus are mechanically more similar to those of small,
nonprimate mammals. The results of this study support
previous models that suggest that the unusual suite of
features that typify the walking gaits of most primates are
adaptations to the requirements of locomotion on thin
arboreal supports. These data, along with data from other
primates and marsupials, suggest that primate postcranial
and locomotor characteristics are part of a basal adaptation
for walking on thin branches.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.10214},
Key = {fds241076}
}
@article{fds241118,
Author = {Lemelin, P and Schmitt, D and Cartmill, M},
Title = {Footfall patterns and interlimb co-ordination in opossums
(Family Didelphidae): Evidence for the evolution of
diagonal-sequence walking gaits in primates},
Journal = {Journal of Zoology},
Volume = {260},
Number = {4},
Pages = {423-429},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2003},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0952836903003856},
Abstract = {Most primates typically use a diagonal-sequence footfall
pattern during walking. This footfall pattern, which is
unusual for mammals, is believed to have originated in
ancestral primates in association with the use of grasping
extremities for movement and foraging on thin, flexible
branches. This theory was tested by comparing gait
parameters between the grey short-tailed opossum Monodelphis
domestica and the woolly opossum Caluromys philander, two
didelphid marsupials that are strongly differentiated in
grasping morphology of the extremities and in their reliance
on foraging strategies involving thin branches. One hundred
and thirty gait cycles were analysed quantitatively from
videotapes of subjects moving quadrupedally on a runway and
on poles of different diameters (7 and 28 mm). Duty factor
(i.e. duration of the stance phase as a percentage of the
stride period) for the forelimb and hindlimb, as well as
diagonality (i.e. phase relationship between the forelimb
and hindlimb cycles), were calculated for each of these
symmetrical gait cycles. We found that the highly
terrestrial Monodelphis, like most other non-primate
mammals, relies primarily on lateral-sequence walking gaits
on both runway and poles, and has relatively higher forelimb
duty factors. Like primates, the highly arboreal Caluromys
uses primarily diagonal-sequence walking gaits on the runway
and pole, with relatively higher hindlimb duty factors and
diagonality. The fact that the woolly opossum, a marsupial
with primate-like feet that moves and forages mainly on thin
branches, uses primarily diagonal-sequence gaits when
walking supports the view that primate gaits evolved to meet
the demands of locomotion on narrow supports. This also
demonstrates the functional role of a grasping foot, in
association with relatively higher hindlimb duty factors,
protraction, and substrate reaction forces, in the
production of such walking gaits.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0952836903003856},
Key = {fds241118}
}
@article{fds53030,
Author = {D Schmitt},
Title = {Insights into the evolution of human bipedalism from
experimental studies of humans and other
primates.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Volume = {206},
Number = {Pt 9},
Pages = {1437-48},
Year = {2003},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0022-0949},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.10214},
Keywords = {Adaptation, Biological Animals Biological Evolution*
Biomechanics Gait Humans Locomotion Models, Biological
physiology*},
Abstract = {An understanding of the evolution of human bipedalism can
provide valuable insights into the biomechanical and
physiological characteristics of locomotion in modern
humans. The walking gaits of humans, other bipeds and most
quadrupedal mammals can best be described by using an
inverted-pendulum model, in which there is minimal change in
flexion of the limb joints during stance phase. As a result,
it seems logical that the evolution of bipedalism in humans
involved a simple transition from a relatively stiff-legged
quadrupedalism in a terrestrial ancestor to relatively
stiff-legged bipedalism in early humans. However,
experimental studies of locomotion in humans and nonhuman
primates have shown that the evolution of bipedalism
involved a much more complex series of transitions,
originating with a relatively compliant form of
quadrupedalism. These studies show that relatively compliant
walking gaits allow primates to achieve fast walking speeds
using long strides, low stride frequencies, relatively low
peak vertical forces, and relatively high impact shock
attenuation ratios. A relatively compliant, ape-like bipedal
walking style is consistent with the anatomy of early
hominids and may have been an effective gait for a small
biped with relatively small and less stabilized joints,
which had not yet completely forsaken arboreal locomotion.
Laboratory-based studies of primates also suggest that human
bipedalism arose not from a terrestrial ancestor but rather
from a climbing, arboreal forerunner. Experimental data, in
conjunction with anatomical data on early human ancestors,
show clearly that a relatively stiff modern human gait and
associated physiological and anatomical adaptations are not
primitive retentions from a primate ancestor, but are
instead recently acquired characters of our
genus.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.10214},
Key = {fds53030}
}
@article{fds241119,
Author = {Schmitt, D},
Title = {Insights into the evolution of human bipedalism from
experimental studies of humans and other
primates.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Volume = {206},
Number = {Pt 9},
Pages = {1437-1448},
Year = {2003},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.00279},
Abstract = {An understanding of the evolution of human bipedalism can
provide valuable insights into the biomechanical and
physiological characteristics of locomotion in modern
humans. The walking gaits of humans, other bipeds and most
quadrupedal mammals can best be described by using an
inverted-pendulum model, in which there is minimal change in
flexion of the limb joints during stance phase. As a result,
it seems logical that the evolution of bipedalism in humans
involved a simple transition from a relatively stiff-legged
quadrupedalism in a terrestrial ancestor to relatively
stiff-legged bipedalism in early humans. However,
experimental studies of locomotion in humans and nonhuman
primates have shown that the evolution of bipedalism
involved a much more complex series of transitions,
originating with a relatively compliant form of
quadrupedalism. These studies show that relatively compliant
walking gaits allow primates to achieve fast walking speeds
using long strides, low stride frequencies, relatively low
peak vertical forces, and relatively high impact shock
attenuation ratios. A relatively compliant, ape-like bipedal
walking style is consistent with the anatomy of early
hominids and may have been an effective gait for a small
biped with relatively small and less stabilized joints,
which had not yet completely forsaken arboreal locomotion.
Laboratory-based studies of primates also suggest that human
bipedalism arose not from a terrestrial ancestor but rather
from a climbing, arboreal forerunner. Experimental data, in
conjunction with anatomical data on early human ancestors,
show clearly that a relatively stiff modern human gait and
associated physiological and anatomical adaptations are not
primitive retentions from a primate ancestor, but are
instead recently acquired characters of our
genus.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.00279},
Key = {fds241119}
}
@article{fds241075,
Author = {Schmitt, D},
Title = {Mediolateral reaction forces and forelimb anatomy in
quadrupedal primates: implications for interpreting
locomotor behavior in fossil primates.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {44},
Number = {1},
Pages = {47-58},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0047-2484(02)00165-3},
Keywords = {Animals Arm Biomechanics Elbow Fossils* Haplorhini
Locomotion Motor Activity Posture anatomy & histology*
physiology physiology*},
Abstract = {The forelimb joints of terrestrial primate quadrupeds appear
better able to resist mediolateral (ML) shear forces than
those of arboreal quadrupedal monkeys. These differences in
forelimb morphology have been used extensively to infer
locomotor behavior in extinct primate quadrupeds. However,
the nature of ML substrate reaction forces (SRF) during
arboreal and terrestrial quadrupedalism in primates is not
known. This study documents ML-SRF magnitude and orientation
and forelimb joint angles in six quadrupedal anthropoid
species walking across a force platform attached to
terrestrial (wooden runway) and arboreal supports (raised
horizontal poles). On the ground all subjects applied a
lateral force in more than 50% of the steps collected. On
horizontal poles, in contrast, all subjects applied a
medially directed force to the substrate in more than 75% of
the steps collected. In addition, all subjects on arboreal
supports combined a lower magnitude peak ML-SRF with a
change in the timing of the ML-SRF peak force. As a result,
during quadrupedalism on the poles the overall SRF resultant
was relatively lower than it was on the runway. Most
subjects in this study adduct their humerus while on the
poles. The kinetic and kinematic variables combine to
minimize the tendency to collapse or translate forelimbs
joints in an ML plane in primarily arboreal quadrupedal
primates compared to primarily terrestrial quadrupedal ones.
These data allow for a more complete understanding of the
anatomy of the forelimb in terrestrial vs. arboreal
quadrupedal primates. A better understanding of the
mechanical basis of morphological differences allows greater
confidence in inferences concerning the locomotion of
extinct primate quadrupeds.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/s0047-2484(02)00165-3},
Key = {fds241075}
}
@article{fds304463,
Author = {Schmitt, D and Churchill, SE and Hylander, WL},
Title = {Experimental evidence concerning spear use in Neandertals
and early modern humans},
Journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science},
Volume = {30},
Number = {1},
Pages = {103-114},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jasc.2001.0814},
Abstract = {Can a bimanual activity such as thrusting a spear during
hunting produce bilateral asymmetries in the strength of the
upper limbs? This question is important to arguments about
the predatory capabilities of Neandertals and early modern
humans. To address this question, we determined the
magnitude and direction of reaction forces on the upper
limbs during thrusting spear use. We collected lateral video
records of eight adults thrusting an instrumented aluminum
rod into a padded target. This "spear" was instrumented with
two sets of four strain gauges placed at two positions along
the shaft to register the force along the shaft and the
distribution of those forces relative to the two limbs. From
the gauge output and video we were able to calculate loads
experienced by the trailing limb (holding the proximal
spear) and the leading limb (holding the distal spear) as
well as approximate bending moments along the trailing limb.
The trailing limb provides a significantly greater portion
of the force during spear impact and when the spear is held
forcefully on the target. The loads on this limb at spear
impact are twice body weight and the bending moments on the
trailing humerus are large and appear to occur primarily in
the parasagittal plane. These data, in combination with
fossil humeral cross-sectional data and the lack of evidence
for throwing spears among Eurasian Neandertals, suggest that
previously documented humeral strength asymmetries in
Eurasian Neandertals and early Upper Palcolithic Modern
human males can be plausibly linked to spear thrusting. ©
2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1006/jasc.2001.0814},
Key = {fds304463}
}
@article{fds44918,
Author = {D. Schmitt},
Title = {Evolutionary implications of the unusual walking mechanics
of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {122},
Pages = {28-37},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds44918}
}
@misc{fds44932,
Author = {Churchill, S.E. and Schmitt, D.},
Title = {Biomechanics in paleoanthropology: engineering and
experimental approaches to the investigation of behavioral
evolution in the genus Homo.},
Booktitle = {: New Perspectives in Primate Evolution and
Behavior.},
Publisher = {Linnaean Society},
Editor = {C. Harcourt and R. Crompton},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds44932}
}
@article{fds241114,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Lemelin, P and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Support polygons and symmetrical gaits in
mammals},
Journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society},
Volume = {136},
Number = {3},
Pages = {401-420},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2002},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00038.x},
Abstract = {The symmetrical gaits of quadrupedal mammals are often
described in terms of two variables: duty factor (S = the
stance period of one foot, as a percentage of the gait
cycle) and diagonality (D = the percentage of the cycle
period by which the left hind footfall precedes the left
fore footfall). We show that support polygons are optimized
during walking (i.e. the percentage of the locomotor cycle
spent standing on only two feet is minimized) for: (1) the
diagonal-sequence, diagonal-couplets walks characteristic of
primates (50 < D < 75) when D = [hindlimb S]; (2)
lateral-sequence, lateral-couplets walks (0 < D < 25) when D
= [hindlimb S] - 50; (3) lateral-sequence, diagonal-couplets
walks (25 < D < 50) when D = 100 - [forelimb S]. To
determine whether animal behaviour is optimal in this sense,
we examined 346 symmetrical gait cycles in 45 mammal
species. Our empirical data show that mammalian locomotor
behaviour approximates the theoretical optima. We suggest
that diagonal-sequence walking may be adopted by primates as
a means of ensuring that a grasping hindfoot is placed in a
protracted position on a tested support at the moment when
the contralateral forefoot strikes down on an untested
support. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London.},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00038.x},
Key = {fds241114}
}
@article{fds53033,
Author = {E Krakauer and P Lemelin and D Schmitt},
Title = {Hand and body position during locomotor behavior in the
aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis).},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {57},
Number = {3},
Pages = {105-18},
Year = {2002},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.10038},
Keywords = {Animals Biomechanics Female Hand Hand Injuries Locomotion*
Male Posture Strepsirhini* Stress, Mechanical Trees
physiology* veterinary},
Abstract = {Aye-ayes (Daubentonia madagascariensis) have unique hands
among primates, with extraordinarily long fingers in
relation to body size. These long digits may be vulnerable
to damage from forces during locomotion, particularly during
head-first descent-a locomotor mode that the aye-aye
utilizes frequently. Previous behavioral studies of aye-aye
locomotion reported that Daubentonia must curl its fingers
during horizontal quadrupedalism and/or descent to reduce
potential stresses on its long fingers. To test this
hypothesis, we examined hand and body position in three
captive adult aye-ayes while they walked quadrupedally on
horizontal and oblique branches. Substantial variation in
hand position was observed among individuals for each
substrate orientation. While hand postures with curled
fingers were preferred by one individual during descent,
they were not preferred by the other two individuals,
contrary to our expectations. Differences in body position
were more consistent among all three individuals. The angle
of the body relative to the substrate was significantly
reduced during descent (8.4 degrees ) compared to horizontal
locomotion (16.9 degrees ). These results suggest that
changes in body position, rather than hand position, may
help reduce stresses on the digits. A biomechanical model is
proposed that demonstrates how a reduction in the body angle
in relation to substrate may act to move the center of mass
more caudally. This mechanism of moderating loads by
altering body position, rather than hand position, may
represent an important functional aspect of arboreal
locomotion in aye-ayes and other primates.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.10038},
Key = {fds53033}
}
@article{fds241102,
Author = {Schmitt, D and Lemelin, P},
Title = {Origins of primate locomotion: gait mechanics of the woolly
opossum.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {118},
Number = {3},
Pages = {231-238},
Year = {2002},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.10048},
Keywords = {Animals Anthropology, Physical Biomechanics Gait*
Locomotion* Opossums Primates Species Specificity anatomy &
histology physiology*},
Abstract = {The locomotion of primates differs from that of other
mammals in three fundamental ways. During quadrupedal
walking, primates use diagonal sequence gaits, protract
their arms more at forelimb touchdown, and experience lower
vertical substrate reaction forces on their forelimbs
relative to their hindlimbs. It is widely held that the
unusual walking gaits of primates represent a basal
adaptation for movement on thin, flexible branches and
reflect a major change in the functional role of the
forelimb. However, little data on nonprimate arboreal
mammals exist to test this notion. To that end, we examined
the gait mechanics of the woolly opossum (Caluromys
philander), a marsupial convergent with small-bodied
prosimians in ecology, behavior, and morphology. Data on the
footfall sequence, relative arm protraction, and peak
vertical substrate reaction forces were obtained from
videotapes and force records for three adult woolly opossums
walking quadrupedally on a wooden runway and a thin pole.
For all steps recorded on both substrates, woolly opossums
always used diagonal sequence walking gaits, protracted
their arms beyond 90 degrees relative to horizontal body
axis, and experienced peak vertical substrate reaction
forces on forelimbs that were significantly lower than on
hindlimbs. The woolly opossum is the first nonprimate mammal
to show locomotor mechanics that are identical to those of
primates. This case of convergence between primates and a
committed fine-branch, arboreal marsupial strongly implies
that the earliest primates evolved gait specializations for
fine-branch locomotion, which reflect important changes in
forelimb function.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.10048},
Key = {fds241102}
}
@article{fds241115,
Author = {Krakauer, E and Lemelin, P and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Hand and body position during locomotor behavior in the
aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis).},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {57},
Number = {3},
Pages = {105-118},
Year = {2002},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.10038},
Abstract = {Aye-ayes (Daubentonia madagascariensis) have unique hands
among primates, with extraordinarily long fingers in
relation to body size. These long digits may be vulnerable
to damage from forces during locomotion, particularly during
head-first descent-a locomotor mode that the aye-aye
utilizes frequently. Previous behavioral studies of aye-aye
locomotion reported that Daubentonia must curl its fingers
during horizontal quadrupedalism and/or descent to reduce
potential stresses on its long fingers. To test this
hypothesis, we examined hand and body position in three
captive adult aye-ayes while they walked quadrupedally on
horizontal and oblique branches. Substantial variation in
hand position was observed among individuals for each
substrate orientation. While hand postures with curled
fingers were preferred by one individual during descent,
they were not preferred by the other two individuals,
contrary to our expectations. Differences in body position
were more consistent among all three individuals. The angle
of the body relative to the substrate was significantly
reduced during descent (8.4 degrees ) compared to horizontal
locomotion (16.9 degrees ). These results suggest that
changes in body position, rather than hand position, may
help reduce stresses on the digits. A biomechanical model is
proposed that demonstrates how a reduction in the body angle
in relation to substrate may act to move the center of mass
more caudally. This mechanism of moderating loads by
altering body position, rather than hand position, may
represent an important functional aspect of arboreal
locomotion in aye-ayes and other primates.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.10038},
Key = {fds241115}
}
@article{fds241116,
Author = {Schmitt, D and Churchill, SE and Hylander, WL},
Title = {Experimental evidence concerning spear use in Neandertals
and early modern humans.},
Journal = {Journal of Archaeological Sciences},
Volume = {30},
Number = {1},
Pages = {101-112},
Year = {2002},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jasc.2001.0814},
Abstract = {Can a bimanual activity such as thrusting a spear during
hunting produce bilateral asymmetries in the strength of the
upper limbs? This question is important to arguments about
the predatory capabilities of Neandertals and early modern
humans. To address this question, we determined the
magnitude and direction of reaction forces on the upper
limbs during thrusting spear use. We collected lateral video
records of eight adults thrusting an instrumented aluminum
rod into a padded target. This "spear" was instrumented with
two sets of four strain gauges placed at two positions along
the shaft to register the force along the shaft and the
distribution of those forces relative to the two limbs. From
the gauge output and video we were able to calculate loads
experienced by the trailing limb (holding the proximal
spear) and the leading limb (holding the distal spear) as
well as approximate bending moments along the trailing limb.
The trailing limb provides a significantly greater portion
of the force during spear impact and when the spear is held
forcefully on the target. The loads on this limb at spear
impact are twice body weight and the bending moments on the
trailing humerus are large and appear to occur primarily in
the parasagittal plane. These data, in combination with
fossil humeral cross-sectional data and the lack of evidence
for throwing spears among Eurasian Neandertals, suggest that
previously documented humeral strength asymmetries in
Eurasian Neandertals and early Upper Palcolithic Modern
human males can be plausibly linked to spear thrusting. ©
2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1006/jasc.2001.0814},
Key = {fds241116}
}
@article{fds241113,
Author = {Larson, SG and Schmitt, D and Lemelin, P and Hamrick,
M},
Title = {Limb excursion during quadrupedal walking: How do primates
compare to other mammals?},
Journal = {Journal of Zoology},
Volume = {255},
Number = {3},
Pages = {353-365},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2001},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0952-8369},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0952836901001455},
Abstract = {Primate quadrupeds are said to use relatively large limb
excursions for mammals of their body size. Until recently,
this claim was based on a comparison of hindlimb excursion
data derived from small samples of primates and
non-primates. Using video recordings collected at zoos and
primate research centres, the present study documents this
contrast on much wider samples of quadrupedal mammals. The
results indicate that while on average hindlimb excursion is
relatively larger in quadrupedal primates, this contrast is
somewhat less dramatic than first reports suggested.
Comparisons between the data reported here and previously
collected forelimb excursion data reveal a surprising
asymmetry between the fore- and hind excursions for most
mammalian species. Most commonly, forelimb excursion exceeds
that of the hindlimb. We suggest that this is related to a
complementary asymmetry in limb length (forelimbs shorter
than hind) for the purpose of achieving equal step lengths
for both pairs of limbs. Relatively large hindlimb
excursions in primates have been related to a mechanism that
reduces stresses on the forelimbs and then recovers
mechanical energy during gait. We suggest that large
excursions of both the fore- and hindlimbs are linked to
other alterations in gait parameters, such as step length,
contact time, and limb compliance, that have been adopted in
quadrupedal primates to facilitate locomotion along slender
arboreal substrates.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0952836901001455},
Key = {fds241113}
}
@article{fds241112,
Author = {Larson, SG and Schmitt, D and Lemelin, P and Hamrick,
M},
Title = {Uniqueness of primate forelimb posture during quadrupedal
locomotion.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {112},
Number = {1},
Pages = {87-101},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2000},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(200005)112:1<87::aid-ajpa9>3.0.co;2-},
Abstract = {Among the characteristics that are thought to set primate
quadrupedal locomotion apart from that of nonprimate mammals
are a more protracted limb posture and larger limb angular
excursion. However, kinematic aspects of primate or
nonprimate quadrupedal locomotion have been documented in
only a handful of species, and more widely for the hind than
the forelimb. This study presents data on arm (humerus) and
forelimb posture during walking for 102 species of mammals,
including 53 nonhuman primates and 49 nonprimate mammals.
The results demonstrate that primates uniformly display a
more protracted arm and forelimb at hand touchdown of a step
than nearly all other mammals. Although primates tend to end
a step with a less retracted humerus, their total humeral or
forelimb angular excursion exceeds that of other mammals. It
is suggested that these features are components of
functional adaptations to locomotion in an arboreal habitat,
using clawless, grasping extremities.},
Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(200005)112:1<87::aid-ajpa9>3.0.co;2-},
Key = {fds241112}
}
@article{fds241074,
Author = {Schmitt, D},
Title = {Compliant walking in primates},
Journal = {Journal of Zoology},
Volume = {248},
Number = {2},
Pages = {149-160},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1999},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0952836999006020},
Abstract = {It is now well recognized that terrestrial mammals can
maintain equivalent bone stresses despite dramatic
differences in body size through the adoption of extended
limb positions during locomotion. However, this dynamic
solution is not available to all mammals. Medium- and
large-bodied arboreal mammals, such as anthropoid primates,
must maintain relatively gracile and mobile limbs in order
to manoeuvre in a discontinuous arboreal environment. But
they must also use flexed (i.e. crouched) limb positions in
order to maintain balance on arboreal substrates, thus
subjecting their gracile limbs to relatively high loads. To
determine how primates resolve this conflict between their
kinematics and their morphology, five species of Old World
monkeys were videotaped with lateral, frontal, and overhead
cameras while they walked at a range of natural speeds along
a runway and raised horizontal poles instrumented with a
force platform. Kinematic and kinetic data on the forelimb
show that during arboreal quadrupedalism, Old World monkeys
do crouch when travelling on arboreal supports compared to
the ground. Simultaneously, they lower vertical peak
reaction forces and thereby reduce and reorient the peak
resultant substrate reaction force, so that moment arms and
moments are roughly equivalent on poles and the ground. This
is accomplished through the adoption of a compliant walking
gait characterized by high degrees of forelimb protraction,
substantial elbow yield, low vertical oscillations of the
body, and long contact times. The use of a compliant walking
gait appears to be extremely rare among mammals and is most
likely related to an initial primate adaptation to
quadrupedal locomotion on terminal branches. This gait
represents a previously unrecognized dynamic postural
mechanism for maintenance of similar bone stresses and
safety factors in both arboreal and terrestrial
environments.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0952836999006020},
Key = {fds241074}
}
@article{fds241110,
Author = {Turnquist, JE and Schmitt, D and Rose, MD and Cant,
JG},
Title = {Pendular motion in the brachiation of captive Lagothrix and
Ateles.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {48},
Number = {4},
Pages = {263-281},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2345(1999)48:4<263::aid-ajp2>3.0.co;2-9},
Abstract = {Pendular motion during brachiation of captive Lagothrix
lagothricha lugens and Ateles fusciceps robustus was
analyzed to demonstrate similarities, and differences,
between these two closely related large bodied atelines.
This is the first captive study of the kinematics of
brachiation in Lagothrix. Videorecordings of one adult male
of each species were made in a specially designed cage
constructed at the DuMond Conservancy/Monkey Jungle, Miami,
FL. Java software (Jandel Scientific Inc., San Rafael, CA)
was used for frame-by-frame kinematic analysis of individual
strides/steps. Results demonstrate that the sequence of hand
and tail contacts differ significantly between the two
species with Lagothrix using a new tail hold with every hand
hold, while Ateles generally utilizes a new tail hold with
only every other hand hold. Stride length and stride
frequency, even after adjusting for limb length, also differ
significantly between the two species. Lagothrix brachiation
utilizes short, choppy strides with quick hand holds, while
Ateles uses long, fluid strides with longer hand holds.
During brachiation not only is Lagothrix's body
significantly less horizontal than that of Ateles but also,
within Ateles, there are significant differences between
steps depending on tail use. Because of the unique nature of
tail use in Ateles, many aspects of body positioning in
Lagothrix more closely resemble Ateles steps without a
simultaneous tail hold rather than those with one. Overall
pendulum length in Lagothrix is shorter than in Ateles. Tail
use in Ateles has a significant effect on maximum pendulum
length during a step. Although neither species achieves the
extreme pendulum effect and long period of free-flight of
hylobatids in fast ricochetal brachiation, in captivity both
consistently demonstrate effective brachiation with brief
periods of free-flight and pendular motion. Morphological
similarities between ateline brachiators and hylobatids are
fewer and less pronounced in Lagothrix than in Ateles. This
study demonstrates that Lagothrix brachiation is also less
hylobatid-like than that of Ateles.},
Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1098-2345(1999)48:4<263::aid-ajp2>3.0.co;2-9},
Key = {fds241110}
}
@article{fds241083,
Author = {Hamrick, MW and Churchill, SE and Schmitt, D and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {EMG of the human flexor pollicis longus muscle: implications
for the evolution of hominid tool use.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {34},
Number = {2},
Pages = {123-136},
Year = {1998},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9503091},
Abstract = {Modern humans possess a distinct and well-developed flexor
pollicis longus muscle, an extrinsic thumb flexor which is
"either rudimentary or absent" in great apes (Straus, 1942,
p. 228). Previous workers (e.g., Napier, 1962; Susman, 1988)
have related the origin of a well-developed flexor pollicis
longus muscle to the acquisition of precision grasping and
stone tool making capabilities in early hominids. The
proposed functional association between flexor pollicis
longus activity, precision grasping, and stone tool
manufacture has, however, never been tested experimentally.
This study uses electromyographic techniques (EMG) to
investigate the role of flexor pollicis longus during a
variety of tool making, tool using, and manipulatory
behaviors in order to determine the functional and
evolutionary significance of the human flexor pollicis
longus muscle. Our results indicate that flexor pollicis
longus is recruited during forceful tool using and stone
tool making behaviors, regardless of the power or precision
grip used to hold the tool. In particular, both stone tool
use and stone tool making employing three- and four-jaw
chuck precision grips elicit consistently high levels of FPL
activity. Flexor pollicis longus activity increases most
when resistance is increased to the thumb's volar pad during
these hammering, cutting, and knapping behaviors. In
contrast, we observed relatively low levels of flexor
pollicis longus activity during the fine manipulation of
food items, the making of slender wooden probes, and the use
of these probes as tools. The paleontological,
archaeological, and experimental data suggest that a
well-developed flexor pollicis longus muscle functioned
initially in the hominid lineage to stabilize the terminal
pollical phalanx against loads applied to the thumb's apical
pad during the frequent and forceful use of unmodified
stones as tools.},
Doi = {10.1006/jhev.1997.0177},
Key = {fds241083}
}
@article{fds241073,
Author = {Lemelin, P and Schmitt, D},
Title = {The relation between hand morphology and quadrupedalism in
primates},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {105},
Number = {2},
Pages = {185-197},
Year = {1998},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199802)105:2<185::AID-AJPA6>3.0.CO;2},
Abstract = {Primate hands can be classified into two broad categories on
the basis of ray proportions and other features. Ectaxonic
hands are characterized by a longer fourth ray and are found
in most strepsirhines. Most haplorhines possess mesaxonic
hands which are characterized by a longer third ray.
Preuschoft et al. ([1993] in H. Preuschoft and D.J. Chivers
(eds.): Hands of Primates. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp.
21-30) proposed a biomechanical model which predicts that,
during quadrupedalism, a mesaxonic hand should be held in a
more neutral position with respect to the forearm, whereas
an ectaxonic hand should be more ulnarly deviated. The
relation between hand positioning and the mesaxony/ectaxony
categorization is investigated for 27 primate taxa.
Videotapes were recorded for each species walking
quadrupedally on arboreal supports. Several species were
also videotaped during ground quadrupedalism. The degree of
deviation of the hand relative to the substrate and the
grips utilized were quantified for 18 species from the
videotapes. Primates with mesaxonic hands use deviated hand
positions and grips, especially when walking quadrupedally
on small poles. Several species with ectaxonic hands use
neutral hand positions and grips when walking quadrupedally
on similar supports. Also, several primates, with either
ectaxonic or mesaxonic hands, display a combination of
deviated hand positions and grips when on arboreal
substrates and neutral hand positioning when on the ground.
The statistical results indicate that hand positioning
during quadrupedal walking is more variable than expected
based on the mesaxony/ectaxony classification. Furthermore,
radiographic data suggest that primates evolved at least two
different mechanisms of hand ulnar deviation.},
Doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199802)105:2<185::AID-AJPA6>3.0.CO;2},
Key = {fds241073}
}
@article{fds241072,
Author = {Schmitt, D},
Title = {Humeral Head Shape as an Indicator of Locomotor Behavior in
Extant Strepsirhines and Eocene Adapids},
Journal = {Folia Primatologica},
Volume = {67},
Number = {3},
Pages = {137-151},
Publisher = {S. Karger AG},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0015-5713},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000157215},
Keywords = {Analysis of Variance Animals Fossils* Humerus Locomotion*
Multivariate Analysis Phylogeny* Primates Species
Specificity Strepsirhini anatomy & histology anatomy &
histology* classification physiology*},
Abstract = {Postcranial material from Notharctus, Smilodectes and
Cantius is abundant and well studied, but debate continues
over whether the locomotor repertoire of these animals
included a substantial component of vertical leaping. Here,
the shape of the humeral head of 11 genera of extant
strepsirhines, Notharctus, Smilodectes and Cantius was
quantified using serial mediolateral and proximodistal
contours. Univariate and multivariate analyses of these data
show that vertically leaping strepsirhines have a distally
relatively high narrow humeral head compared to arboreal
quadrupeds and it places Notharctus and Smilodectes in a
group with Hapalemur griseus, while Cantius is grouped with
Eulemur macaco, suggesting that a quadrupedal form preceded
the appearance of vertical leaping.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1159/000157215},
Key = {fds241072}
}
@article{fds318215,
Author = {Schmitt, D},
Title = {Humeral head shape as an indicator of locomotor behavior in
extant strepsirhines and Eocene adapids.},
Journal = {Folia primatologica; international journal of
primatology},
Volume = {67},
Number = {3},
Pages = {137-151},
Year = {1996},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000157215},
Abstract = {Postcranial material from Notharctus, Smilodectes and
Cantius is abundant and well studied, but debate continues
over whether the locomotor repertoire of these animals
included a substantial component of vertical leaping. Here,
the shape of the humeral head of 11 genera of extant
strepsirhines, Notharctus, Smilodectes and Cantius was
quantified using serial mediolateral and proximodistal
contours. Univariate and multivariate analyses of these data
show that vertically leaping strepsirhines have a distally
relatively high narrow humeral head compared to arboreal
quadrupeds and it places Notharctus and Smilodectes in a
group with Hapalemur griseus, while Cantius is grouped with
Eulemur macaco, suggesting that a quadrupedal form preceded
the appearance of vertical leaping.},
Doi = {10.1159/000157215},
Key = {fds318215}
}
@article{fds241070,
Author = {Schmitt, D and Larson, SG},
Title = {Heel contact as a function of substrate type and speed in
primates.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {96},
Number = {1},
Pages = {39-50},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330960105},
Abstract = {In this report we provide detailed data on the patterns and
frequency of heel contact with terrestrial and arboreal
supports in primates. These data can help resolve the
question of whether African apes and humans are uniquely
"plantigrade" (Gebo [1992] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 89:29-58;
Gebo [1993a] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 91:382-385; Gebo
[1993b] Postcranial Adaptation in Nonhuman Primates), or if
plantigrady is common in other primates (Meldrum [1993] Am.
J. Phys. Anthropol. 91:379-381). Using biplanar and
uniplanar videotapes, we recorded the frequency and timing
of heel contact for a variety of primates (32 species)
walking on the ground and on simulated arboreal supports at
a range of natural speeds. Our results indicate that Pongo
as well as the African apes exhibit a "heel-strike" at the
end of swing phase. Ateles and Hylobates make heel contact
on all supports shortly after mid-foot contact, although
spider monkeys do so only at slow or moderate speeds. Data
available from uniplanar videotapes suggest that this
pattern occurs in Alouatta and Lagothrix as well. No other
New or Old World monkey or prosimian in this study made heel
contact during quadrupedalism on any substrate. Thus, heel
contact occurs in all apes and atelines, but only the great
apes exhibit a heel-strike. We suggest that heel contact
with the substrate is a by-product of an active posterior
weight-shift mechanism involving highly protracted hindlimbs
at touchdown. Force plate studies indicate that this
mechanism is most extreme in arboreally adapted primate
quadrupeds walking on arboreal supports. Although heel
contact and heel-strike may have no evolutionary link, it is
possible that both patterns are the result of a similar
weight shift mechanism. Therefore, the regular occurrence of
heel contact in a variety of arboreal primates, and the
absence of a true biomechanical link between limb
elongation, heel contact, and terrestriality, calls into
question the claim that hominid foot posture was necessarily
derived from a quadrupedal terrestrial ancestor.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330960105},
Key = {fds241070}
}
@article{fds330391,
Author = {Demes, B and Larson, SG and Stern, JT and Jungers, WL and Biknevicius,
AR and Schmitt, D},
Title = {The kinetics of primate quadrupedalism: "hindlimb drive"
reconsidered},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {26},
Number = {5-6},
Pages = {353-374},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1994},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhev.1994.1023},
Abstract = {Since Kimura et al.'s (1979) analysis of ground reaction
forces during quadrupedal walking, primates are commonly
pictured as being "hindlimb driven" compared to "forelimb
driven" nonprimate mammals. Hindlimb dominance in primates
has subsequently been interpreted as a preadaptation to
human bipedalism. However, given its considerable influence,
surprisingly little data are available to support this
putative contrast in limb dominance. In this reconsideration
of locomotor kinetics in primates, we have collected force
plate data on two chimpanzees, one orangutan, two vervet
monkeys, and two cats for a range of gaits and speeds. The
peak vertical forces acting on the limbs as well as the
braking and propulsive impulses exerted by the limbs are
examined. Forces and impulses are highly variable and change
with speed, gait, and the differential use of asynchronously
or asymmetrically placed limbs. Peak vertical forces
increase with speed. The faster gaits (trot, gallop) have,
on the average, higher forces than the walk. However, there
is no major change in force magnitudes at gait transitions.
The mean vertical forces are higher on the hindlimbs than on
the forelimbs of the primates. This difference is most
pronounced in the suspensory orangutan and least pronounced
in the quadrupedal vervets. Cats, on the other hand,
generate higher forelimb than hindlimb vertical forces.
Although our results support the overall conclusion of
Kimura et al. (1979) that peak vertical forces are
relatively low on the primate forelimb, they also show some
variation most probably related to locomotor mode. In the
majority of primate cases, the major propulsive thrust is
also generated by the hindlimbs. However, in the galloping
vervets, the trailing limbs are propulsive and the leading
limbs braking, no matter whether these are forelimbs or
hindlimbs. A similar, although less pronounced, asymmetry
between trailing and leading limbs was observed in a
galloping chimpanzee. Not only are primates variable with
regard to the roles of the limbs in propulsion, they are
also not unique among mammals in being predominantly
hindlimb driven. Our cats, as well as all other nonprimate
mammals so far analysed, generate greater propulsive thrust
with their hindlimbs; i.e. they are also "hindlimb driven".
© 1994 Academic Press. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1006/jhev.1994.1023},
Key = {fds330391}
}
@article{fds241069,
Author = {Schmitt, D},
Title = {Forelimb mechanics as a function of substrate type during
quadrupedalism in two anthropoid primates},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {26},
Number = {5-6},
Pages = {441-457},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1994},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhev.1994.1027},
Abstract = {During the past century, many anthropologists have proposed
that hominoid orthograde locomotion arose in an arboreal
quadrupedal ancestor with highly mobile, low weight-bearing
forelimbs. However, no quantitative data comparing kinematic
and kinetic aspects of forelimb use during arboreal and
terrestrial quadrupedalism have been available to evaluate
such theories. In this preliminary study, a spider monkey
and a baboon were videotaped in three planes while walking
quadrupedally on an instrumented runway and a raised
instrumented horizontal pole. Forelimb angles and substrate
reaction force resultants were calculated for each animal on
each substrate. The quantitative data presented here support
previous models for the evolution of primate locomotion that
were based on theoretical biomechanics and qualitative or
anecdotal evidence. In addition, this study has revealed
several previously undocumented accommodations to "arboreal"
quadrupedal locomotion in these two primates. While walking
on the pole, compared to travel on the ground, (1) both
animals adopted a "crouched" forelimb posture, but only the
spider monkey abducted its arm and ulnar deviated its hand;
(2) both subjects have lower resultant forces on the
forelimb due to lower absolute force magnitudes and changes
in the timing of component peaks; and (3) both animals
reduce and reorient transverse forces. Similar
accommodations to arboreal travel by both subjects appear to
be mechanical requirements of arboreal locomotion. However,
differences may be due to morphological differences between
the subjects, or to their divergent phylogenetic history.
These results are used to explore potential explanations for
the morphological differences between arboreal and
terrestrial primate quadrupeds in terms of bone and joint
strain and to evaluate models of primate locomotor
evolution. © 1994 Academic Press. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1006/jhev.1994.1027},
Key = {fds241069}
}
@article{fds330392,
Author = {Schmitt, D and Larson, SG and Stern, JT},
Title = {Serratus ventralis function in vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus
aethiops): are primate quadrupeds unique?},
Journal = {Journal of Zoology},
Volume = {232},
Number = {2},
Pages = {215-230},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1994},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1994.tb01570.x},
Abstract = {The serratus ventralis in mammals is a fan‐shaped
scapulo‐thoracic muscle that is believed by most
morphologists both to support body weight and to rotate the
scapula during quadrupedal locomotion. Electromyographic
studies of this muscle in cats, dogs and opossums confirm
the dual supportive and rotatory roles of the serratus
ventralis. Although this muscle has been studied in several
primate species, the concentration on arboreal locomotion
has resulted in an inadequate data set to permit direct
comparisons to non‐primate terrestrial quadrupeds. In
order to provide a more comparable data set, we examined
cranial, mid‐ and caudal thoracic regions of the serratus
ventralis during terrestrial quadrupedalism in the vervet
monkey, Cereopithecus aethiops. Our results indicate that
the serratus ventralis does support the body during the
stance phase of quadrupedalism in this primate. However,
unlike several non‐primate mammals, it plays a relatively
insignificant rotatory role during swing phase. Copyright ©
1994, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7998.1994.tb01570.x},
Key = {fds330392}
}
%% Schneider-Crease, India A
@article{fds218747,
Author = {I.A. Schneider-Crease and N. Snyder-Mackler and J.C. Jarvey and T.J.
Bergman},
Title = {Molecular identification of Taenia serialis coenurosis in a
wild Ethiopian gelada (Theropithecus gelada)},
Journal = {Veterinary Parasitology},
Year = {2013},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0304-4017},
Key = {fds218747}
}
%% Schreier, Amy L.
@article{fds170671,
Author = {A.L. Schreier and L. Swedell},
Title = {The fourth level of social structure in a multi-level
society: ecological and social functions of clans in
hamadryas baboons},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {71},
Pages = {1-8},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds170671}
}
@misc{fds170672,
Author = {L. Swedell and A.L. Schreier},
Title = {Male aggression towards females in hamadryas baboons:
conditioning, coercion, and control.},
Pages = {244-268},
Booktitle = {Sexual Coercion in Primates and Humans: An Evolutionary
Perspective on Male Aggression Against Females},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {M.N. Muller and R.W. Wrangham},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds170672}
}
@article{fds170673,
Author = {A.L. Schreier and L. Swedell},
Title = {Use of palm trees as a sleeping site by hamadryas baboons
(Papio hamadryas hamadryas) in Ethiopia},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {70},
Pages = {107-113},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds170673}
}
@article{fds170674,
Author = {L. Swedell and G.Hailemeskel, A.Schreier},
Title = {Composition and seasonality of diet in wild hamadryas
baboons: preliminary findings from Filoha},
Journal = {Folia Primatologica},
Volume = {79},
Pages = {476-490},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds170674}
}
%% Schrock, Allie
@article{fds373659,
Author = {Gazes, RP and Schrock, AE and Leard, CN and Lutz,
MC},
Title = {Dominance and social interaction patterns in brown capuchin
monkey (Cebus [Sapajus] apella) social networks.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {84},
Number = {3},
Pages = {e23365},
Year = {2022},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.23365},
Abstract = {Strong, stable social bonds in primates are characterized by
high levels of social affiliation, low levels of aggression,
minimal stress, and affiliative reciprocity within the dyad.
In relatively well-studied catarrhine monkeys, these bonds
tend to form most frequently between kin, animals close in
age, and animals close in rank. This results in patterns of
affiliation in which kin, similarly aged animals, and
like-ranked animals tend to affiliate and patterns of
aggression and submission where animals tend to aggress more
toward nonkin and closely ranked animals, and submit more
toward distantly ranked animals. However, literature on how
affiliative and agonistic relationships are organized in
platyrrhine primate species like brown capuchin monkeys is
limited and conflicting. In this study, we used social
network analyses to characterize how age, sex, maternal
kinship, and dominance rank relate to the patterns of
submissive, aggressive, contact, and grooming interactions
in a group of captive brown capuchin monkeys. Like
catarrhine monkeys, brown capuchin monkeys showed a steep
linear dominance hierarchy, tended to affiliate with kin,
similarly aged animals, and like-ranked animals, and tended
to aggress more toward nonkin. However, our monkeys showed a
pattern of affiliation and grooming down the hierarchy that
is inconsistent with grooming up the hierarchy patterns
often seen in catarrhine monkey groups, suggesting that
brown capuchins do not compete for access to higher ranking
social partners. Higher ranking monkeys were most central to
the aggression network, and lower ranking monkeys were most
central to the submission network. Mid-ranking monkeys were
the most central to the contact network, suggesting that
they may play an important role in the affiliative cohesion
of the group. These results inform our understanding of
brown capuchin social behavior specifically, and of how
demographic factors relate to social organization in
platyrrhine primates generally.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.23365},
Key = {fds373659}
}
%% Selig, Keegan R.
@article{fds376240,
Author = {Selig, KR and López-Torres, S and Burrows, AM and Silcox, MT and Meng,
J},
Title = {Dental caries in living and extinct strepsirrhines with
insights into diet.},
Journal = {Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2024},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.25420},
Abstract = {Dental caries is one of the most common diseases afflicting
modern humans and occurs in both living and extinct
non-human primates, as well as other mammalian species.
Compared to other primates, less is known about the etiology
or frequency of caries among the Strepsirrhini. Given the
link between caries and diet, caries frequency may be
informative about the dietary ecology of a given animal.
Understanding rates of caries in wild populations is also
critical to assessing dental health in captive populations.
Here, we examine caries frequency in a sample of 36 extant
strepsirrhine species (n = 316 individuals) using
odontological collections of wild-, non-captive animals
housed at the American Museum of Natural History by counting
the number of specimens characterized by the disease.
Additionally, in the context of studying caries lesions in
strepsirrhines, case studies were also conducted to test if
similar lesions were found in their fossil relatives. In
particular, two fossil strepsirrhine species were analyzed:
the earliest Late Eocene Karanisia clarki, and the subfossil
lemur Megaladapis madagascariensis. Our results suggest that
caries affects 13.92% of the extant individuals we examined.
The frugivorous and folivorous taxa were characterized by
the highest overall frequency of caries, whereas the
insectivores, gummivores, and omnivores had much lower
caries frequencies. Our results suggest that caries may be
common among wild populations of strepsirrhines, and in fact
is more prevalent than in many catarrhines and platyrrhines.
These findings have important implications for understanding
caries, diet, and health in living and fossil
taxa.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.25420},
Key = {fds376240}
}
@article{fds375221,
Author = {Selig, KR},
Title = {Hypoconulid loss in cercopithecins: Functional and
developmental considerations.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {187},
Pages = {103479},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2024},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103479},
Abstract = {Cercopithecins differ from papionins in lacking a
M<sub>3</sub> hypoconulid. Although this loss may be related
to dietary differences, the functional and developmental
ramifications of hypoconulid loss are currently unclear. The
following makes use of dental topographic analysis to
quantify shape variation in a sample of cercopithecin
M<sub>3</sub>s, as well as in a sample of Macaca, which has
a hypoconulid. To help understand the consequences of
hypoconulid loss, Macaca M<sub>3</sub>s were virtually
cropped to remove the hypoconulid and were also subjected to
dental topographic analysis. The patterning cascade model
and the inhibitory cascade model attempt to explain
variation in cusp pattern and molar proportions,
respectively. These models have both previously been used to
explain patterns of variation in cercopithecines, but have
not been examined in the context of hypoconulid loss. For
example, previous work suggests that earlier developing
cusps impact the development of later developing cusps
(i.e., the hypoconulid) and that cercopithecines do not
conform to the predictions of the inhibitory cascade model
in that the size of the molars is not linear moving
distally. Results of the current study suggest that the loss
of the hypoconulid is associated with a reduction in dental
topography among cercopithecins, which is potentially
related to diet, although the connection to diet is not
necessarily clear. Results also suggest that the loss of the
hypoconulid can be explained by the patterning cascade
model, and that hypoconulid loss explains the apparent lack
of support for the inhibitory cascade model among
cercopithecines. These findings highlight the importance of
a holistic approach to studying variation in molar
proportions and developmental models.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103479},
Key = {fds375221}
}
@article{fds371619,
Author = {Selig, KR},
Title = {Form, function, and tissue proportions of the mustelid
carnassial molar},
Journal = {Mammal Research},
Volume = {68},
Number = {4},
Pages = {637-646},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {2023},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13364-023-00705-2},
Abstract = {Mustelids are an ecologically diverse group of mammals that
span several dietary niches. Compared to other mammalian
clades, however, less is known about how the morphology of
the dentition reflects these dietary differences. The
following examines dental form in the beech marten (Martes
foina), the river otter (Lontra canadensis), the wolverine
(Gulo gulo), and the sea otter (Enhydra lutris). Lower
carnassial molar morphology is examined using methods for
dental topographic analysis, enamel thickness measurement,
and pulp volume measurement to assess this form-function
relationship. It is predicted that mustelids will covary in
their dental form with their diet, where dental topography
will reflect the reliance on tough or soft foods, enamel
thickness will vary as a product of hard-object feeding, and
pulp volume will vary as a product of dietary
abrasiveness/hard-object feeding. Results suggest that
mustelid dental form reflects the dietary ecology of each
species; however, pulp volume does not covary with diet as
it does in anthropoid primates, for example. These animals
represent a morphocline of increasing specialization in
carnassial form leading from the plesiomorphic marten to the
highly specialized sea otter. These results provide further
evidence of convergence among mammals where molar form is
largely driven by diet. These results also provide insight
into how taxa such as the sea otter and wolverine are
adapted to dealing with diets that include bivalves and
bones, respectively, through decreased dental topography and
thickened enamel.},
Doi = {10.1007/s13364-023-00705-2},
Key = {fds371619}
}
@article{fds366180,
Author = {Selig, KR and Silcox, MT},
Title = {Measuring Molarization: Change Through Time in Premolar
Function in An Extinct Stem Primate Lineage},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalian Evolution},
Volume = {29},
Number = {4},
Pages = {947-956},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {2022},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10914-022-09623-7},
Abstract = {The dentition can be thought of as comprising a series of
functional modules, which may include pre-ingestive food
preparation, ingestion, sexual signalling, and mastication.
Changes in diet may be manifested in shifts in the
boundaries between these modules along the toothrow. In
particular, because of their position in the mouth,
premolars may act in ingestion and/or mastication of food.
With shifts toward masticatory function, premolars may
become “molarized”. Although it is common in
descriptions of fossil taxa to use terms like
“premolarization” and “molarization”, these are
rarely clearly defined or linked to quantitative measures.
Here, we make use of dental topographic analysis (DTA) of
the lower fourth premolar (p4) and lower second molar (m2)
to quantify and contextualize molarization in a lineage
previously identified as exhibiting increasing p4
molarization through time: the microsyopine microsyopids
from the early Eocene of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming.
Increases in premolar size have been cited as evidence of
molarization in other groups, so we also measured size of
the premolars and molars. Our results are consistent with
observations about increasing premolar molarization in
microsyopines through time, but we observed no associated
change in the topography or function of the molars, nor did
we observe an increase in the size of the premolars. Later
microsyopid taxa may have relied more heavily than earlier
species on fibrous foods such as leaves, a conclusion not
evident from the molars alone. In general, claims of
“molarization” should consider shifting function
alongside observations of changes in size or
shape.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10914-022-09623-7},
Key = {fds366180}
}
@article{fds368571,
Author = {Sehgal, RK and Singh, AP and Gilbert, CC and Patel, BA and Campisano,
CJ and Selig, KR and Patnaik, R and Singh, NP},
Title = {A new genus of treeshrew and other micromammals from the
middle Miocene hominoid locality of Ramnagar, Udhampur
District, Jammu and Kashmir, India},
Journal = {Journal of Paleontology},
Volume = {96},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1318-1335},
Year = {2022},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2022.41},
Abstract = {The fossil record of treeshrews, hedgehogs, and other
micromammals from the Lower Siwaliks of India is sparse.
Here, we report on a new genus and species of fossil
treeshrew, specimens of the hedgehog Galerix, and other
micromammals from the middle Miocene (Lower Siwalik)
deposits surrounding Ramnagar (Udhampur District, Jammu and
Kashmir), at a fossil locality known as Dehari. The
treeshrew from Dehari (Sivatupaia ramnagarensis n. gen. n.
sp.) currently represents the oldest record of fossil
tupaiids in the Siwaliks, extending their time range by ca.
2.5-4.0 Myr in the region. Dietary analyses suggest that the
new tupaiid was likely adapted for a less mechanically
challenging or more frugivorous diet compared to other
extant and fossil tupaiids. The occurrence of Galerix has
only been recently documented from the Indian Siwaliks and
the Dehari specimens help establish the likely presence of a
relatively large Siwalik Galerix species in the Ramnagar
region. In addition to the new treeshrew and hedgehogs, new
specimens of the rodents Kanisamys indicus, Sayimys
sivalensis, and Murinae indet. from Dehari help confirm that
age estimates for the Ramnagar region are equivalent to the
Chinji Formation in Pakistan, most likely corresponding to
the middle to upper part of the Chinji Formation.},
Doi = {10.1017/jpa.2022.41},
Key = {fds368571}
}
@article{fds367051,
Author = {Sehgal, RK and Singh, AP and Gilbert, CC and Patel, BA and Campisano,
CJ and Selig, KR and Patnaik, R and Singh, NP},
Title = {Erratum: A new genus of treeshrew and other micromammals
from the middle Miocene hominoid locality of Ramnagar,
Udhampur District, Jammu and Kashmir, India (Journal of
Paleontology (2022) DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2022.41)},
Journal = {Journal of Paleontology},
Volume = {96},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1482},
Year = {2022},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2022.68},
Abstract = {The published version of this article (Sehgal et al., 2022)
contained an error in the caption of Figure 8. The caption
for Figure 8.4 should instead be the caption for Figure 8.5,
and the caption for Figure 8.5 should be the caption for
Figure 8.4. Note that WIMF/A 4696 is indeed an upper M2 of a
murine and that WIMF/A 4692 is indeed a lower m2 of a
murine, as described in the text, plotted in the other
figures, and presented in the tables. The Figure 8 caption
should read as follows: Figure 8. 3D surface renderings in
occlusal view of (1) WIMF/A 4689 Kanisamys indicus M2; (2)
WIMF/A 4695 Sayimys sivalensis M2 or M3; (3) WIMF/A 4693
Murinae indet. m1; (4) WIMF/A 4696 Murinae indet. M2; (5)
WIMF/A 4692 Murinae indet. m2. Scales = 1 mm. The authors
regret the error.},
Doi = {10.1017/jpa.2022.68},
Key = {fds367051}
}
@article{fds366181,
Author = {Selig, KR and Chew, AE and Silcox, MT},
Title = {Dietary shifts in a group of early Eocene euarchontans
(Microsyopidae) in association with climatic
change},
Journal = {Palaeontology},
Volume = {64},
Number = {5},
Pages = {609-628},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Editor = {Porro, L},
Year = {2021},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pala.12544},
Abstract = {Microsyopidae is a family of plesiadapiforms known from over
1500 stratigraphically controlled specimens from the
southern Bighorn Basin of Wyoming spanning the first three
million years of the early Eocene. The early Eocene is
characterized by rapid fluctuations in climate during the
period represented by this collection of microsyopids,
making this an ideal sample to examine how climate may have
influenced early stem primate biology, particularly diet. An
evolving lineage of microsyopids is known from before,
during, and after Biohorizon A, a faunal turnover event
associated with a period of localized cooling. Dental
topographic analysis (DTA) metrics quantify functional
aspects of molars including curvature, complexity and
relief, and covary with diet in extant taxa. Here, we use
DTA to examine microsyopid dietary change over time,
particularly in association with this cooling event. Our
results suggest that microsyopids had molars that are
functionally like extant insectivorous/omnivorous
euarchontans. The earliest occurring species, Arctodontomys
wilsoni, is characterized by molars that became more like
modern insectivores over time. During Biohorizon A,
A. wilsoni is replaced by A. nuptus, which has molars that
are more like those of extant omnivores with a mixed diet
including fruit. After Biohorizon A, A. nuptus appears
more insectivorous, as is the later occurring Microsyops
angustidens, which evolves from A. nuptus. Overall, we
provide potential evidence for a causal scenario in which
local climate change coincided with a dietary transition
among microsyopids. Our results have implications for
understanding how diet was a prime mover for the evolution
of Primates.},
Doi = {10.1111/pala.12544},
Key = {fds366181}
}
@article{fds367052,
Author = {Selig, KR and Silcox, MT},
Title = {The largest and earliest known sample of dental caries in an
extinct mammal (Mammalia, Euarchonta, Microsyops latidens)
and its ecological implications.},
Journal = {Scientific reports},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1},
Pages = {15920},
Year = {2021},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95330-x},
Abstract = {Dental cavities or caries is a common disease among modern
humans, affecting almost every adult. Caries frequency has
been used to study dietary change in humans over time, based
on an inferred tie between the incidence of caries and a
carbohydrate-rich diet. However, the disease is not unique
to our species. Among non-human primates, there is also
variation in caries frequency associated with diet,
suggesting that this metric may provide a mechanism for
studying diet in broader contexts, and across geological
time. To date, very few studies have examined caries among
fossil mammals, and none have done so among Eocene mammals.
Here, we present our analysis of the largest sample to date
of fossil caries in a single extinct mammal species,
Microsyops latidens, a stem primate from the early Eocene,
which is known from over a thousand specimens from the
Southern Bighorn Basin of Wyoming (n = 1030). Our
results show that Microsyops latidens is characterized by a
high prevalence of dental caries (7.48% of individuals),
with notable variation through time, reaching 17.24% of
individuals from a particular interval. This interval is
also associated with a change in overall dental form, as
quantified by dental topographic analysis, which measures
functional aspects of the chewing surface of teeth. These
observations suggest that this species experienced a shift
in their diet to include more fruit or other sugar
rich-foods for a short period. Our analysis, therefore,
suggests that the diet of M. latidens fluctuated over time,
as well as providing a framework for assessing caries in
other fossil taxa.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-95330-x},
Key = {fds367052}
}
@article{fds366182,
Author = {Selig, KR and Kupczik, K and Silcox, MT},
Title = {The effect of high wear diets on the relative pulp volume of
the lower molars.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {174},
Number = {4},
Pages = {804-811},
Year = {2021},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24242},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>One role of dental pulp is in the upkeep
and maintenance of dentine. Under wear, odontoblasts in the
pulp deposit tertiary dentine to ensure the sensitive
internal dental tissues are not exposed and vulnerable to
infection. It follows that there may be an adaptive
advantage for increasing molar pulp volume in anthropoid
primate taxa that are prone to high levels of wear. The
relative volume of dental pulp is therefore predicted to
covary with dietary abrasiveness (in the sense of including
foods that cause high degrees of wear).<h4>Materials and
methods</h4>We examined relatively unworn lower second
molars in pairs of species of extant hominoids, cebids, and
pitheciids that vary in the abrasiveness of their diet (n =
36). Using micro-CT scans, we measured the percent of tooth
that is pulp (PTP) as the ratio of pulp volume to that of
the total volume of the tooth.<h4>Results</h4>We found that
in each pair of species, the taxa that consume a more
abrasive diet had a significantly higher PTP than the
closely related taxa that consume a softer
diet.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our results point to an adaptive
mechanism in the molars of taxa that consume abrasive diets
and are thus subject to higher levels of wear. Our results
provide additional understanding of the relationship between
dental pulp and diet and may offer insight into the diet of
extinct taxa such as Paranthropus boisei or into the
adaptive context of the taurodont molars of
Neanderthals.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.24242},
Key = {fds366182}
}
@article{fds366183,
Author = {Silcox, MT and Selig, KR and Bown, TM and Chew, AE and Rose,
KD},
Title = {Cladogenesis and replacement in the fossil record of
Microsyopidae (?Primates) from the southern Bighorn Basin,
Wyoming.},
Journal = {Biology letters},
Volume = {17},
Number = {2},
Pages = {20200824},
Publisher = {The Royal Society},
Year = {2021},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0824},
Abstract = {The early Eocene of the southern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, is
notable for its nearly continuous record of mammalian
fossils. Microsyopinae (?Primates) is one of several
lineages that shows evidence of evolutionary change
associated with an interval referred to as Biohorizon A.
<i>Arctodontomys wilsoni</i> is replaced by a larger
species, <i>Arctodontomys nuptus</i>, during the biohorizon
interval in what is likely an immigration/emigration or
immigration/local extinction event. The latter is then
superseded by <i>Microsyops angustidens</i> after the end of
the Biohorizon A interval. Although this pattern has been
understood for some time, denser sampling has led to the
identification of a specimen intermediate in morphology
between <i>A. nuptus</i> and <i>M. angustidens</i>, located
stratigraphically as the latter is appearing. Because
specimens of <i>A. nuptus</i> have been recovered
approximately 60 m above the appearance of <i>M.
angustidens</i>, it is clear that <i>A. nuptus</i> did not
suffer pseudoextinction. Instead, evidence suggests that
<i>M. angustidens</i> branched off from a population of
<i>A. nuptus</i>, but the latter species persisted. This
represents possible evidence of cladogenesis, which has
rarely been directly documented in the fossil record. The
improved understanding of both evolutionary transitions with
better sampling highlights the problem of interpreting gaps
in the fossil record as punctuations.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2020.0824},
Key = {fds366183}
}
@article{fds366184,
Author = {Selig, KR and Khalid, W and Silcox, MT},
Title = {Mammalian molar complexity follows simple, predictable
patterns.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {118},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e2008850118},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2008850118},
Abstract = {Identifying developmental explanations for the evolution of
complex structures like mammalian molars is fundamental to
studying phenotypic variation. Previous study showed that a
"morphogenetic gradient" of molar proportions was explained
by a balance between inhibiting/activating activity from
earlier developing molars, termed the inhibitory cascade
model (ICM). Although this model provides an explanation for
variation in molar proportions, what remains poorly
understood is if molar shape, or specifically complexity
(i.e., the number of cusps, crests), can be explained by the
same developmental model. Here, we show that molar
complexity conforms to the ICM, following a linear,
morphogenetic gradient along the molar row. Moreover,
differing levels of inhibiting/activating activity produce
contrasting patterns of molar complexity depending on diet.
This study corroborates a model for the evolution of molar
complexity that is developmentally simple, where only
small-scale developmental changes need to occur to produce
change across the entire molar row, with this process being
mediated by an animal's ecology. The ICM therefore provides
a developmental framework for explaining variation in molar
complexity and a means for testing developmental hypotheses
in the broader context of mammalian evolution.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2008850118},
Key = {fds366184}
}
@article{fds367053,
Author = {Selig, KR and Schroeder, L and Silcox, MT},
Title = {Intraspecific variation in molar topography of the early
Eocene stem primate Microsyops latidens (Mammalia,
?Primates)},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {41},
Number = {4},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2021.1995738},
Abstract = {Variation in postcanine teeth is relevant to answering
questions about both taxonomy and diet. In such contexts,
understanding the patterns and the amounts of variation
present in a single species is fundamentally important. Here
we use dental topographic analysis (DTA) to study variation
in functional aspects of the lower second molar (n = 51) and
lower fourth premolar (n = 41) in a large, stratigraphically
controlled sample of the early Eocene stem primate
Microsyops latidens, which permits study of fine scale
variation through time in a single species, during a period
of notable climatic change. To contextualize variation in M.
latidens, we used DTA to study extant euarchontan taxa,
representing three orders and seven families (n = 96).
Previous study of M. latidens suggested that it was highly
variable in size and lower molar morphology, potentially
giving rise to later species of microsyopids. However,
comparison with extant taxa suggests that the dental form of
M. latidens shows low levels of intraspecific variation. The
dental topography of M. latidens also does not reflect the
previously postulated taxonomic split. Our results suggest
instead that M. latidens likely did not undergo change in
dental topography consistent with a shift in either dietary
adaptive niche or ecospace. Taken together, our results
suggest low levels of variation in dental form and
potentially diet of M. latidens, indicating that this taxon
likely remained within a single adaptive
zone.},
Doi = {10.1080/02724634.2021.1995738},
Key = {fds367053}
}
@article{fds366185,
Author = {Selig, KR and Sargis, EJ and Chester, SGB and Silcox,
MT},
Title = {Using three-dimensional geometric morphometric and dental
topographic analyses to infer the systematics and
paleoecology of fossil treeshrews (Mammalia,
Scandentia)},
Journal = {Journal of Paleontology},
Volume = {94},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1202-1212},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {2020},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2020.36},
Abstract = {Treeshrews are small, Indomalayan mammals closely related to
primates. Previously, three-dimensional geometric
morphometric analyses were used to assess patterns of
treeshrew lower second molar morphology, which showed that
the positions of molar landmarks covary with intraordinal
systematics. Another analysis used dental topographic
metrics to test patterns of functional dental morphology and
found that molar curvature, complexity, and relief were an
effective means for examining patterns of variation in
treeshrew dietary ecology. Here, we build on these analyses
by adding two fossil taxa, Prodendrogale yunnanica Qiu, 1986
from the Miocene of China and Ptilocercus kylin Li and Ni,
2016 from the Oligocene of China. Our results show that Pr.
yunnanica had a dental bauplan more like that of a tupaiid
than that of a ptilocercid, but that the extant tupaiids,
including Tupaia and Dendrogale, are more similar to one
another in this regard than any are to Prodendrogale. This
is contrary to our expectations as Prodendrogale is
hypothesized to be most closely related to Dendrogale.
Ptilocercus kylin, which has been proposed to be the sister
taxon of Pt. lowii Gray, 1848, is characterized by dental
morphology like that of Pt. lowii in crest and cuspal
position but is interpreted to have been more frugivorous.
It has been claimed that Ptilocercus has undergone little
morphological change through time. Our results suggest that
Pt. kylin was more ecologically distinct from Pt. lowii than
previously proposed, providing a glimpse into a more complex
evolutionary history of the group than had been
inferred.},
Doi = {10.1017/jpa.2020.36},
Key = {fds366185}
}
@article{fds366186,
Author = {Burrows, AM and Nash, LT and Hartstone-Rose, A and Silcox, MT and López-Torres, S and Selig, KR},
Title = {Dental Signatures for Exudativory in Living Primates, with
Comparisons to Other Gouging Mammals.},
Journal = {Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)},
Volume = {303},
Number = {2},
Pages = {265-281},
Year = {2020},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.24048},
Abstract = {Exudativory, the consumption of gums, is an obligate or a
facultative dietary niche for some primates and marsupials.
Exudativory has been cited as a dietary niche that may have
been present in early primates, so finding a dental
signature for exudativory is highly desirable. The present
study combines exudativorous lorisoids (galagos and lorises)
into one sample to compare to closely related,
non-exudativorous lorisoids to search for a consistent
dental signature of exudativory. Linear measurements were
taken from the toothcomb, P<sub>2</sub> , M<sub>3</sub> ,
upper canine, and P<sup>2</sup> from skulls of 295 adult
galagids and lorisids. Also, differential distribution of
enamel on the anterior teeth was qualitatively investigated
as a dental signature for gouging (a behavior that
facilitates some exudativory) by micro-CT scanning one
specimen each from two gougers, Nycticebus coucang and
Callithrix jacchus, and two non-gougers, Perodicticus potto,
and Saguinus fuscicollis. Non-primate gouging mammals, the
vampire bat Desmodus rotundus and the sugar glider Petaurus
breviceps, were compared to non-gouging relatives.
Statistical analysis revealed that exudativorous galagos and
lorises had significantly (P < 0.05) reduced M<sub>3</sub>
relative to non-exudativorous galagos and lorises. While the
sample sizes for assessing enamel thickness were small,
preliminary results show that gouging primates and
non-primate mammals have reduced lingual enamel thickness on
the anterior dentition compared to non-gouging relatives. We
suggest that reduction of mastication, and, therefore,
M<sub>3</sub> dimensions are a likely dental signature for
exudativory in Primates. While broader samples are needed to
statistically confirm, differential distribution of enamel
in the anterior dentition may also be a signature of
exudativory. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anat Rec, 303:265-281, 2020. © 2018 American Association
for Anatomy.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.24048},
Key = {fds366186}
}
@article{fds366187,
Author = {Selig, KR and López-Torres, S and Hartstone-Rose, A and Nash, LT and Burrows, AM and Silcox, MT},
Title = {A Novel Method for Assessing Enamel Thickness Distribution
in the Anterior Dentition as a Signal for Gouging and Other
Extractive Foraging Behaviors in Gummivorous
Mammals.},
Journal = {Folia primatologica; international journal of
primatology},
Volume = {91},
Number = {4},
Pages = {365-384},
Year = {2020},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000502819},
Abstract = {Gummivory poses unique challenges to the dentition as gum
acquisition may often require that the anterior teeth be
adapted to retain a sharp edge and to resist loading because
they sometimes must penetrate a highly obdurate substrate
during gum extraction by means of gouging or scraping. It
has been observed previously that the enamel on the labial
surface of the teeth used for extraction is thicker relative
to that on the lingual surface in taxa that extract gums,
while enamel is more evenly distributed in the anterior
teeth of taxa that do not regularly engage in extractive
behaviors. This study presents a quantitative methodology
for measuring the distribution of labial versus lingual
enamel thickness among primate and marsupial taxa in the
context of gummivory. Computed microtomography scans of 15
specimens representing 14 taxa were analyzed. Ten
measurements were taken at 20% intervals starting from the
base of the crown of the extractive tooth to the tip of the
cutting edge across the lingual and labial enamel. A method
for including worn or broken teeth is also presented.
Mann-Whitney U tests, canonical variates analysis, and
between-group principal components analysis were used to
examine variation in enamel thickness across taxa. Our
results suggest that the differential distribution of enamel
thickness in the anterior dentition can serve as a signal
for gouging behavior; this methodology distinguishes between
gougers, scrapers, and nonextractive gummivores. Gouging
taxa are characterized by significantly thicker labial
enamel relative to the lingual enamel, particularly towards
the crown tip. Examination of enamel thickness patterning in
these taxa permits a better understanding of the adaptations
for the extraction of gums in extant taxa and offers the
potential to test hypotheses concerning the dietary
adaptations of fossil taxa.},
Doi = {10.1159/000502819},
Key = {fds366187}
}
@article{fds366188,
Author = {Selig, KR and Sargis, EJ and Silcox, MT},
Title = {The frugivorous insectivores? Functional morphological
analysis of molar topography for inferring diet in extant
treeshrews (Scandentia)},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalogy},
Volume = {100},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1901-1917},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Editor = {Scheibe, J},
Year = {2019},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyz151},
Abstract = {The ecology, and particularly the diet, of treeshrews (order
Scandentia) is poorly understood compared to that of their
close relatives, the primates. This stems partially from
treeshrews having fast food transit times through the gut,
meaning fecal and stomach samples only represent a small
portion of the foodstuffs consumed in a given day. Moreover,
treeshrews are diffiocult to observe in the wild, leading to
a lack of observational data in the literature. Although
treeshrews are mixed feeders, consuming both insects and
fruit, it is currently unknown how the relative importance
of these food types varies across Scandentia. Previous study
of functional dental morphology has provided an alternative
means for understanding the diet of living euarchontans. We
used dental topographic metrics to quantify aspects of
functional dental morphology in a large sample of treeshrews
(n = 58). We measured relief index, Dirichlet normal energy,
and three-dimensional orientation patch count rotated, which
quantify crown relief, occlusal curvature, and complexity,
respectively. Our results suggest that treeshrews exhibit
dental morphology consistent with high levels of insectivory
relative to other euarchontans. They also suggest that taxa
such as Dendrogale melanura and Tupaia belangeri appear to
be best suited to insectivory, whereas taxa such as T.
palawanensis and T. gracilis appear to be best adapted to
frugivory. Our results suggest that Ptilocercus lowii is
characterized by a dentition better adapted to insectivory
than the early primate Purgatorius. If P. lowii represents a
good modern analogue for primitive euarchontans, this
contrast would support models of primate origins that
include a shift to greater frugivory.},
Doi = {10.1093/jmammal/gyz151},
Key = {fds366188}
}
@article{fds367054,
Author = {Selig, KR and López-Torres, S and Sargis, EJ and Silcox,
MT},
Title = {First 3D Dental Topographic Analysis of the Enamel-Dentine
Junction in Non-Primate Euarchontans: Contribution of the
Enamel-Dentine Junction to Molar Morphology},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalian Evolution},
Volume = {26},
Number = {4},
Pages = {587-598},
Year = {2019},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10914-018-9440-2},
Abstract = {Molar morphology plays a key role in the systematics and
behavioral interpretation of fossil taxa, so understanding
the developmental patterns that shape occlusal morphology in
modern taxa is of central importance to informing analysis
of the fossil record. The shape of the outer enamel surface
(OES) of a tooth is largely the result of the forming and
folding of the inner enamel epithelium, which is preserved
in fully formed teeth as the enamel-dentine junction (EDJ).
Previous research on living primates has shown that the
degree of correlation between the EDJ and OES can be used to
inform our understanding of developmental patterns because
lower correlations imply that later developmental events
modify the template provided by the EDJ more extensively.
Here, we use three topographic metrics to investigate the
degree of correlation between the EDJ and OES across living
euarchontans by analyzing treeshrews and dermopterans in
addition to primates. We found that all living euarchontans
show a high degree of topographical correlation, whereas
non-primates, especially basally divergent taxa such as
Ptilocercus lowii, show the highest degree of correlation
between these two surfaces. Our results indicate, that while
it is the earlier stages of dental development that have the
most influence on overall crown morphology in euarchontans
generally, among primates, anthropoids have a lower degree
of correlation, implying a greater emphasis on later phases
of dental development. This provides insight relevant to
interpreting the evolutionary context of the diversity of
dental form observed within Euarchonta.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10914-018-9440-2},
Key = {fds367054}
}
@article{fds366189,
Author = {Selig, KR and Sargis, EJ and Silcox, MT},
Title = {Three-Dimensional Geometric Morphometric Analysis of
Treeshrew (Scandentia) Lower Molars: Insight into Dental
Variation and Systematics.},
Journal = {Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)},
Volume = {302},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1154-1168},
Year = {2019},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.24105},
Abstract = {Scandentia (treeshrews) is an order of small-bodied
Indomalayan mammals generally agreed to be a member of
Euarchonta with Primates and Dermoptera (colugos). However,
intraordinal relationships among treeshrews are less well
understood. Although recent studies have begun to clarify
treeshrew taxonomy using morphological and molecular
datasets, previous analysis of treeshrew dentition has
yielded little clarity in terms of species-level
relationships within the order. However, these studies made
use of character-based methods, scoring traits across the
dental arcade, which depend on there being clear differences
among taxa that can be encapsulated in coding schemes.
Geometric morphometrics has the potential to capture subtler
shape variation, so it may be better for examining
similarities among closely related taxa whose teeth have a
similar bauplan. We used three-dimensional geometric
morphometrics on a sample of treeshrew lower second molars
and compared the patterns of variation to the results of
previous studies. We captured 19 landmarks on a sample of 43
specimens representing 15 species. Using specimen-based
principal components analysis and between-group principal
component analysis, the two treeshrew families (Tupaiidae
and Ptilocercidae) were well separated in morphospace.
Moreover, several treeshrew species plot in morphospace
according to the clades established in previous molecular
work, with closely related species plotting closer to one
another than to more distantly related species, suggesting
that dental morphology can be useful when studying
relationships among treeshrews. As most extinct treeshrews
are known only from teeth, understanding morphological
patterns in treeshrew molars is important for future work on
the evolutionary history of Scandentia. Anat Rec,
302:1154-1168, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.24105},
Key = {fds366189}
}
@article{fds367055,
Author = {López-Torres, S and Selig, KR and Prufrock, KA and Lin, D and Silcox,
MT},
Title = {Dental topographic analysis of paromomyid (Plesiadapiformes,
Primates) cheek teeth: more than 15 million years of
changing surfaces and shifting ecologies*},
Journal = {Historical Biology},
Volume = {30},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {76-88},
Year = {2018},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2017.1289378},
Abstract = {Plesiadapiforms, appearing near the Cretaceous-Paleogene
boundary, represent the first primate radiation and show a
diverse array of tooth morphologies. Dental topographic
metrics provide quantitative data on occlusal surface shape.
We used three metrics, Dirichlet Normal Energy, Relief
Index, and 3D Orientation Patch Count Rotated, to assess
changes in the morphology of lower fourth premolars and
lower second molars in a taxonomically broad sample of one
family of plesiadapiforms, Paromomyidae, stretching more
than 15 million years. Our results indicate that paromomyids
occupied a more diverse range of dietary categories than
suspected. Whereas all paromomyids were likely omnivores,
some species show higher levels of insectivory, while other
taxa are inferred to have been mixed-feeding omnivores with
high levels of fruit intake. The results also show that the
more primitive members of the different paromomyid lineages
were more insectivorous than the derived and more recent
members of those lineages. Relief Index values also show
taxonomic signals that are consistent with
ancestor-descendant relationships hypothesised for species
of Phenacolemur. These results suggest that dental
topographic metrics are informative to the study of
paromomyids for both dietary categorisation and for the
distinction of species at a fine taxonomic
level.},
Doi = {10.1080/08912963.2017.1289378},
Key = {fds367055}
}
%% Simons, Elwyn L.
@article{fds314014,
Author = {ER Seiffert and EL Simons},
Title = {Last of the oligopithecids? A dwarf species from the
youngest primate-bearing level of the Jebel Qatrani
Formation, northern Egypt},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION},
Volume = {64},
Number = {3},
Pages = {211-215},
Year = {2013},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000316437900003&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.10.011},
Key = {fds314014}
}
@article{fds314008,
Author = {JT Gladman and DM Boyer and EL Simons and ER Seiffert},
Title = {A calcaneus attributable to the primitive late eocene
anthropoid Proteopithecus sylviae: Phenetic affinities and
phylogenetic implications},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {151},
Number = {3},
Pages = {372-397},
Year = {2013},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22266},
Abstract = {A well-preserved calcaneus referrable to Proteopithecus
sylviae from the late Eocene Quarry L-41 in the Fayum
Depression, Egypt, provides new evidence relevant to this
taxon's uncertain phylogenetic position. We assess
morphological affinities of the new specimen using
three-dimensional geometric morphometric analyses with a
comparative sample of primate calcanei representing major
extinct and extant radiations (n = 58 genera, 106
specimens). Our analyses reveal that the calcaneal
morphology of Proteopithecus is most similar to that of the
younger Fayum parapithecid Apidium. Principal components
analysis places Apidium and Proteopithecus in an
intermediate position between primitive euprimates and crown
anthropoids, based primarily on landmark configurations
corresponding to moderate distal elongation, a more distal
position of the peroneal tubercle, and a relatively
"unflexed" calcaneal body. Proteopithecus and Apidium are
similar to cercopithecoids and some omomyiforms in having an
ectal facet that is more tightly curved, along with a larger
degree of proximal calcaneal elongation, whereas other Fayum
anthropoids, platyrrhines and adapiforms have a more open
facet with less proximal elongation. The similarity to
cercopithecoids is most plausibly interpreted as convergence
given the less tightly curved ectal facets of stem
catarrhines. The primary similarities between Proteopithecus
and platyrrhines are mainly in the moderate distal
elongation and the more distal position of the peroneal
tubercle, both of which are not unique to these groups.
Proteopithecus and Apidium exhibit derived anthropoid
features, but also a suite of primitive retentions. The
calcaneal morphology of Proteopithecus is consistent with
our cladistic analysis, which places proteopithecids as a
sister group of Parapithecoidea. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22266},
Key = {fds314008}
}
@article{fds313989,
Author = {TM Ryan and MT Silcox and A Walker and X Mao and DR Begun and BR Benefit and PD Gingerich and M Köhler and L Kordos and ML McCrossin and S
Moyà-Solà, WJ Sanders and ER Seiffert and E Simons and IS Zalmout and F Spoor},
Title = {Evolution of locomotion in Anthropoidea: the semicircular
canal evidence.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal
Society},
Volume = {279},
Number = {1742},
Pages = {3467-3475},
Year = {2012},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0962-8452},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.0939},
Abstract = {Our understanding of locomotor evolution in anthropoid
primates has been limited to those taxa for which good
postcranial fossil material and appropriate modern analogues
are available. We report the results of an analysis of
semicircular canal size variation in 16 fossil anthropoid
species dating from the Late Eocene to the Late Miocene, and
use these data to reconstruct evolutionary changes in
locomotor adaptations in anthropoid primates over the last
35 Ma. Phylogenetically informed regression analyses of
semicircular canal size reveal three important aspects of
anthropoid locomotor evolution: (i) the earliest anthropoid
primates engaged in relatively slow locomotor behaviours,
suggesting that this was the basal anthropoid pattern; (ii)
platyrrhines from the Miocene of South America were
relatively agile compared with earlier anthropoids; and
(iii) while the last common ancestor of cercopithecoids and
hominoids likely was relatively slow like earlier stem
catarrhines, the results suggest that the basal crown
catarrhine may have been a relatively agile animal. The
latter scenario would indicate that hominoids of the later
Miocene secondarily derived their relatively slow locomotor
repertoires.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2012.0939},
Key = {fds313989}
}
@article{fds314009,
Author = {BA Patel and ER Seiffert and DM Boyer and RL Jacobs and EM St Clair and EL Simons},
Title = {New primate first metatarsals from the Paleogene of Egypt
and the origin of the anthropoid big toe},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION},
Volume = {63},
Number = {1},
Pages = {99-120},
Year = {2012},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000307423900006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.05.002},
Key = {fds314009}
}
@misc{fds313990,
Author = {GF Gunnell and TP Eiting and EL Simons},
Title = {African Vespertilionoidea (Chiroptera) and the antiquity of
Myotinae},
Pages = {252-266},
Booktitle = {Evolutionary History of Bats: Fossils, Molecules and
Morphology},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9781139045599},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139045599.008},
Abstract = {© Cambridge University Press 2012.Vesper and evening bats
(Family Verspertilionidae) are a diverse group (about 350
living species) that has a nearly global distribution (being
absent only in polar regions, on some oceanic islands and in
harsher desert climates). Vespertilionids often have been
included with molossids, mystacinids, myzopodids,
thyropterids, furipterids and natalids in the superfamily
Vespertilionoidea (Koopman, 1994), but many other variations
of the superfamily exist (e.g., Simmons, 1998; Jones et al.,
2002; Hoofer and Van Den Bussche, 2003; Hoofer et al., 2003;
Horáček et al., 2006; Miller-Butterworth et al., 2007).
Our prime focus in this chapter is on two subfamilies of the
Vespertilionidae, Vespertilioninae and Myotinae, as defined
by Simmons (2005). Osteologically, the basic dichotomy
between myotines and vespertilionines can be typified by
differing patterns of dental morphology. All myotines share
myotodont lower molar morphology, in which the postcristid
extends to the entoconid and isolates the hypoconulid (as
opposed to nyctalodonty where the postcristid extends to the
hypoconulid and does not reach the entoconid). Myotines also
share the presence of three premolars, with the middle
premolar being reduced. Some vespertilionines have myotodont
lower molars, but only a few exhibit both myotodonty and the
retention of three premolars (e.g., Plecotus and
Idionycteris). No vespertilionines have the middle premolar
reduced. Recent phylogenetic analyses suggest that all
vespertilionines are far removed from myotines (e.g., Hoofer
and Van Den Bussche, 2003), implying that any shared
morphological similarities are likely to be
convergences.},
Doi = {10.1017/CBO9781139045599.008},
Key = {fds313990}
}
@article{fds314012,
Author = {EC Barrow and ER Seiffert and EL Simons},
Title = {CRANIAL MORPHOLOGY OF THYROHYRAX DOMORICTUS (MAMMALIA,
HYRACOIDEA) FROM THE EARLY OLIGOCENE OF EGYPT},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY},
Volume = {32},
Number = {1},
Pages = {166-179},
Year = {2012},
ISSN = {0272-4634},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000302178900013&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1080/02724634.2012.635735},
Key = {fds314012}
}
@article{fds313943,
Author = {ES Gaffney and PA Meylan and RC Wood and E Simons and D De Almeida
Campos},
Title = {Evolution of the Side-Necked Turtles: The Family
Podocnemididae},
Journal = {Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural
History},
Volume = {350},
Pages = {1-237},
Year = {2011},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0003-0090},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/350.1},
Doi = {10.1206/350.1},
Key = {fds313943}
}
@article{fds314003,
Author = {HM Sallam and ER Seiffert and EL Simons},
Title = {Craniodental Morphology and Systematics of a New Family of
Hystricognathous Rodents (Gaudeamuridae) from the Late
Eocene and Early Oligocene of Egypt},
Journal = {PLOS ONE},
Volume = {6},
Number = {2},
Year = {2011},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1932-6203},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000287656600008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0016525},
Key = {fds314003}
}
@article{fds314002,
Author = {DM Boyer and ER Seiffert and EL Simons},
Title = {Astragalar Morphology of Afradapis, a Large Adapiform
Primate From the Earliest Late Eocene of
Egypt},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {143},
Number = {3},
Pages = {383-402},
Year = {2010},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000283398500008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.21328},
Key = {fds314002}
}
@article{fds314011,
Author = {RB Holmes and AM Murray and YS Attia and EL Simons and P
Chatrath},
Title = {OLDEST KNOWN VARANUS (SQUAMATA: VARANIDAE) FROM THE UPPER
EOCENE AND LOWER OLIGOCENE OF EGYPT: SUPPORT FOR AN AFRICAN
ORIGIN OF THE GENUS},
Journal = {PALAEONTOLOGY},
Volume = {53},
Pages = {1099-1110},
Year = {2010},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0031-0239},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000281834000008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00994.x},
Key = {fds314011}
}
@article{fds314005,
Author = {HM Sallam and ER Seiffert and EL Simons},
Title = {A HIGHLY DERIVED ANOMALURID RODENT (MAMMALIA) FROM THE
EARLIEST LATE EOCENE OF EGYPT},
Journal = {PALAEONTOLOGY},
Volume = {53},
Pages = {803-813},
Year = {2010},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0031-0239},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000280127500009&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00962.x},
Key = {fds314005}
}
@article{fds313994,
Author = {ER Seiffert and EL Simons and DM Boyer and JMG Perry and TM Ryan and HM
Sallam},
Title = {A fossil primate of uncertain affinities from the earliest
late Eocene of Egypt},
Journal = {PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA},
Volume = {107},
Number = {21},
Pages = {9712-9717},
Year = {2010},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000278054700044&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1001393107},
Key = {fds313994}
}
@article{fds313958,
Author = {TD Cook and AM Murray and EL Simons and YS Attia and P
Chatrath},
Title = {A Miocene selachian fauna from Moghra, Egypt},
Journal = {Historical Biology},
Volume = {22},
Number = {1},
Pages = {78-87},
Year = {2010},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0891-2963},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912960903249329},
Abstract = {The fossil bearing beds of Moghra, Egypt, have been well
known for over 100 years, but the ichthyofaunas have not
been examined since the early 1900s. Moghra, on the northern
rim of the Qattara Depression, preserves early Miocene
(18-17 Ma) fluvio-marine sediments with fossils of wood,
invertebrates and vertebrates. The Moghra site is faunally
similar to the Libyan Gebel Zelten site, at least in terms
of the fossil mammals. The fossil-bearing localities in the
Moghra Formation number about 40 and span a distance of
about 50 km. There is likely more than one depositional
environment represented. The fish previously reported from
Moghra include two teleosts, Synodontis (Mochokidae) and
Lates (Latidae), as well as the elasmobranchs, Pristis
(Pristidae), Myliobatis (Myliobatidae) and Sphyrna
(Sphyrnidae). Several more recent expeditions to the Moghra
localities recovered abundant selachian remains. This rich
assemblage included species from the genera Carcharias
(Odontaspididae), Megaselachus (Otodontidae), Cosmopolitodus
(Lamnidae), Hemipristis (Hemigaleidae), Galeocerdo and
Carcharhinus (Carcharhinidae), Myliobatis (Myliobatidae),
Pteromylaeus (Myliobatidae) and Aetobatis (Myliobatidae).
With the additional taxa from these collections, we can
build a more comprehensive understanding of the Moghra fauna
and environment. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.},
Doi = {10.1080/08912960903249329},
Key = {fds313958}
}
@article{fds313965,
Author = {RB Holmes and AM Murray and P Chatrath and YS Attia and EL
Simons},
Title = {Agamid lizard (Agamidae: Uromastycinae) from the lower
Oligocene of Egypt},
Journal = {Historical Biology},
Volume = {22},
Number = {1},
Pages = {215-223},
Year = {2010},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0891-2963},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912960903302128},
Abstract = {Agamid lizards are currently found in Africa, Asia, the
eastern Mediterranean region and Australia. Together with
the Chamaeleonidae and some extinct basal forms, they
comprise the Acrodonta, lizards with acrodont dentition. The
Acrodonta have been suggested to have a Gondwanan origin,
with the oldest members found in the Triassic of India. The
first agamids are known from the Late Cretaceous of Asia,
and the group is widely distributed in the northern
hemisphere throughout much of the Paleogene. However, the
fossil history of Acrodonta on the Afro-Arabian plate is
extremely limited: a single jaw fragment bearing acrodont
dentition, possibly attributable to Agamidae, has been
reported from the Paleogene of Morocco, and material
identified as agamid was reported from the Oligocene of
Oman. We here add to the African record the first clear
evidence of Agamidae, represented by several jaws with
attached teeth from earliest Oligocene deposits of the Jebel
Qatrani Formation in the Fayum Depression, Egypt. Characters
of the teeth, including very rounded labial surface,
shearing edges concave lingually, shearing tip crescentic
and accessory cusps absent, are similar to those of
Uromastyx. Species of Uromastyx currently inhabit the
Saharan and Somalian regions of Africa and adjacent Arabia.
© 2010 Taylor & Francis.},
Doi = {10.1080/08912960903302128},
Key = {fds313965}
}
@article{fds313995,
Author = {HM Sallam and ER Seiffert and EL Simons and C Brindley},
Title = {A LARGE-BODIED ANOMALUROID RODENT FROM THE EARLIEST LATE
EOCENE OF EGYPT: PHYLOGENETIC AND BIOGEOGRAPHIC
IMPLICATIONS},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY},
Volume = {30},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1579-1593},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {0272-4634},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000281874900020&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1080/02724634.2010.501439},
Key = {fds313995}
}
@article{fds314007,
Author = {AM Murray and TD Cook and YS Attia and P Chatrath and EL
Simons},
Title = {A freshwater ichthyofauna from the late Eocene Birket Qarun
Formation, Fayum, Egypt},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY},
Volume = {30},
Number = {3},
Pages = {665-680},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {0272-4634},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000278000900004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1080/02724631003758060},
Key = {fds314007}
}
@article{fds314010,
Author = {ER Seiffert and JMG Perry and EL Simons and DM
Boyer},
Title = {Convergent evolution of anthropoid-like adaptations in
Eocene adapiform primates},
Journal = {NATURE},
Volume = {461},
Number = {7267},
Pages = {1118-U214},
Year = {2009},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000270987600043&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1038/nature08429},
Key = {fds314010}
}
@article{fds313991,
Author = {KM Muldoon and DD de Blieux and EL Simons and PS
Chatrath},
Title = {THE SUBFOSSIL OCCURRENCE AND PALEOECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF
SMALL MAMMALS AT ANKILITELO CAVE, SOUTHWESTERN
MADAGASCAR},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY},
Volume = {90},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1111-1131},
Year = {2009},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0022-2372},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000271002400008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1644/08-MAMM-A-242.1},
Key = {fds313991}
}
@article{fds314004,
Author = {HM Sallam and ER Seiffert and ME Steiper and EL
Simons},
Title = {Fossil and molecular evidence constrain scenarios for the
early evolutionary and biogeographic history of
hystricognathous rodents},
Journal = {PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA},
Volume = {106},
Number = {39},
Pages = {16722-16727},
Year = {2009},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000270305800034&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0908702106},
Key = {fds314004}
}
@article{fds313962,
Author = {ER Miller and BR Benefit and ML McCrossin and JM Plavcan and MG Leakey and AN El-Barkooky and MA Hamdan and MKA Gawad and SM Hassan and EL
Simons},
Title = {Systematics of early and middle Miocene Old World
monkeys},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION},
Volume = {57},
Number = {3},
Pages = {195-211},
Year = {2009},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000270621800001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.06.006},
Key = {fds313962}
}
@article{fds313964,
Author = {R Patnaik and A Sahni and D Cameron and B Pillans and P Chatrath and E
Simons, M Williams and F Bibi},
Title = {Ostrich-like eggshells from a 10.1 million-yr-old Miocene
ape locality, Haritalyangar, Himachal Pradesh,
India},
Journal = {Current Science},
Volume = {96},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1485-1495},
Year = {2009},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0011-3891},
Abstract = {We report fossil ratite eggshells from the site, Dharamsala
of Dhok Pathan Formation (Middle Siwaliks), dated to 10.1
Ma. A comparative analysis reveals that in their combination
of eggshell surface, pore, pore canal morphology and
cross-sectional features, the Indian eggshells show closest
affinity with the widely distributed Neogene fossil taxon
Struthiolithus, and as such are assigned to cf.
Struthiolithus. We have carried out a parsimony analysis of
all relevant extinct and extant palaeognathous birds of the
southern continents, as ingroup taxa. Genyornis, an extinct
bird from Australia, and Gallus gallus (chicken) were also
used in this analysis as ingroup (Neornithes) taxa. The
result supports monophyly of Palaeognathae. The present cf.
Struthiolithus eggshell and Aepyornis were found to be
sister taxa and their forbearers had a common ancestry with
Afro-Arabian Struthio and Diamantornis. The Indian
subcontinent now has an extended fossil record of
struthionid eggshells from the Late Miocene to the Late
Pleistocene, implying dispersals through intercontinental
migration corridors. Our stable carbon isotope (δ13CPDB)
value of -10.4‰ of the present eggshells suggests that the
ratite bird had a diet mainly of C3 plants.},
Key = {fds313964}
}
@article{fds313957,
Author = {JR Scott and LR Godfrey and WL Jungers and RS Scott and EL Simons and MF
Teaford, PS Ungar and A Walker},
Title = {Dental microwear texture analysis of two families of
subfossil lemurs from Madagascar.},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Volume = {56},
Number = {4},
Pages = {405-416},
Year = {2009},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19285707},
Abstract = {This study employs dental microwear texture analysis to
reconstruct the diets of two families of subfossil lemurs
from Madagascar, the archaeolemurids and megaladapids. This
technique is based on three-dimensional surface measurements
utilizing a white-light confocal profiler and
scale-sensitive fractal analysis. Data were recorded for six
texture variables previously used successfully to
distinguish between living primates with known dietary
differences. Statistical analyses revealed that the
archaeolemurids and megaladapids have overlapping microwear
texture signatures, suggesting that the two families
occasionally depended on resources with similar mechanical
properties. Even so, moderate variation in most attributes
is evident, and results suggest potential differences in the
foods consumed by the two families. The microwear pattern
for the megaladapids indicates a preference for tougher
foods, such as many leaves, while that of the
archaeolemurids is consistent with the consumption of harder
foods. The results also indicate some intraspecific
differences among taxa within each family. This evidence
suggests that the archaeolemurids and megaladapids, like
many living primates, likely consumed a variety of food
types.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.11.003},
Key = {fds313957}
}
@article{fds313996,
Author = {GF Gunnell, SR Worsham and ER Seiffert and EL
Simons},
Title = {Vampyravus orientalis Schlosser (Chiroptera) from the Early
Oligocene (Rupelian), Fayum, Egypt - body mass, humeral
morphology and affinitiesd},
Journal = {ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA},
Volume = {11},
Number = {2},
Pages = {271-278},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {1508-1109},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000275031500005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.3161/15081109X485512},
Key = {fds313996}
}
@article{fds314015,
Author = {EL Simons and F Ankel-Simons and PS Chatrath and RS Kay and B Williams and JG Fleagle and DL Gebo and CK Beard and M Dawson and I Tattersall and KD
Rose},
Title = {Outrage at high price paid for a fossil},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {460},
Number = {7254},
Pages = {456-},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/460456a},
Doi = {10.1038/460456a},
Key = {fds314015}
}
@article{fds313997,
Author = {JJ Hooker and MR Sanchez-Villagra and FJ Goin and EL Simons and Y Attia and ER Seiffert},
Title = {The origin of Afro-Arabian 'didelphimorph'
marsupials},
Journal = {PALAEONTOLOGY},
Volume = {51},
Pages = {635-648},
Year = {2008},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0031-0239},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000255925900009&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00779.x},
Key = {fds313997}
}
@article{fds313993,
Author = {AGSC Liu and ER Seiffert and EL Simons},
Title = {Stable isotope evidence for an amphibious phase in early
proboscidean evolution},
Journal = {PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA},
Volume = {105},
Number = {15},
Pages = {5786-5791},
Year = {2008},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000255237200026&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0800884105},
Key = {fds313993}
}
@article{fds313999,
Author = {GF Gunnell and EL Simons and ER Seiffert},
Title = {New bats (Mammalia : Chiroptera) from the late Eocene and
early Oligocene, Fayum Depression, Egypt},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY},
Volume = {28},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-11},
Year = {2008},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0272-4634},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000254408700001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[1:NBMCFT]2.0.CO;2},
Key = {fds313999}
}
@article{fds314001,
Author = {A Walker and TM Ryan and MT Silcox and EL Simons and F
Spoor},
Title = {The semicircular canal system and locomotion: The case of
extinct lemuroids and lorisoids},
Journal = {EVOLUTIONARY ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {17},
Number = {3},
Pages = {135-145},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {1060-1538},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000257410000002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.20165},
Key = {fds314001}
}
@article{fds314000,
Author = {ER Seiffert and EL Simons and TM Ryan and TM Bown and Y
Attia},
Title = {New remains of Eocene and Oligocene Afrosoricida
(Afrotheria) from Egypt, with implications for the origin(s)
of afrosoricid zalambdodonty},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY},
Volume = {27},
Number = {4},
Pages = {963-972},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0272-4634},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000253785800014&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[963:NROEAO]2.0.CO;2},
Key = {fds314000}
}
@article{fds314006,
Author = {MJ Ravosa, SR Stock and EL Simons and R Kunwar},
Title = {MicroCT analysis of symphyseal ontogeny in
Archaeolemur},
Journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {28},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1385-1396},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000251610500012&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-007-9216-7},
Key = {fds314006}
}
@article{fds314013,
Author = {KM Muldoon and EL Simons},
Title = {Ecogeographic size variation in small-bodied subfossil
primates from Ankilitelo, Southwestern Madagascar},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {134},
Number = {2},
Pages = {152-161},
Year = {2007},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000249756700002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20651},
Key = {fds314013}
}
@article{fds313992,
Author = {EL Simons and ER Seiffert and TM Ryan and Y Attia},
Title = {A remarkable female cranium of the early Oligocene
anthropoid Aegyptopithecus zeuxis (Catarrhini,
Propliopithecidae).},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {104},
Number = {21},
Pages = {8731-8736},
Year = {2007},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17517628},
Abstract = {The most complete and best-preserved cranium of a Paleogene
anthropoid ever found, that of a small female of the early
Oligocene ( approximately 29-30 Ma) stem catarrhine species
Aegyptopithecus zeuxis, was recovered from the Jebel Qatrani
Formation (Fayum Depression, Egypt) in 2004. The specimen is
that of a subadult and, in craniodental dimensions, is the
smallest Aegyptopithecus individual known. High-resolution
computed tomographic (microCT) scanning of the specimen's
well preserved cranial vault confirms that Aegyptopithecus
had relatively unexpanded frontal lobes and a brain-to-body
mass ratio lower than those of living anthropoids. MicroCT
scans of a male cranium recovered in 1966 [Egyptian
Geological Museum, Cairo (CGM) 40237] reveal that previous
estimates of its endocranial volume were too large. Thus,
some amount of encephalization evolved independently in
platyrrhine and catarrhine anthropoids, and the relative
brain size of the last common ancestor of crown Anthropoidea
was probably strepsirrhine-like or smaller. A. zeuxis shows
extreme sexual dimorphism in craniodental morphology
(apparently to a degree otherwise seen only in some highly
dimorphic Miocene catarrhines), and the crania of female
Aegyptopithecus lack a number of morphological features seen
in larger males that have been accorded phylogenetic
significance in catarrhine systematics (e.g., a well
developed rostrum, elongate sagittal crest, and frontal
trigon). Although a unique pattern of craniofacial sexual
dimorphism may have characterized advanced stem and basal
crown catarrhines, expression of various allegedly
"discrete" craniofacial features may have been
intraspecifically variable in early catarrhine species due
to high levels of dimorphism and so should be treated with
caution in phylogenetic analyses.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0703129104},
Key = {fds313992}
}
@article{fds313998,
Author = {MR Sanchez-Villagra and ER Seiffert and T Martin and EL Simons and GF
Gunnell and Y Attia},
Title = {Enigmatic new mammals from the late Eocene of
Egypt},
Journal = {PALAEONTOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT},
Volume = {81},
Number = {4},
Pages = {406-415},
Year = {2007},
ISSN = {0031-0220},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000252077900004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds313998}
}
@article{fds313968,
Author = {DD De Blieux and MR Baumrind and EL Simons and PS Chatrath and GE Meyer and YS Attia},
Title = {Sexual dimorphism of the internal mandibular chamber in
Fayum Pliohyracidae (Mammalia)},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY},
Volume = {26},
Number = {1},
Pages = {160-169},
Year = {2006},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0272-4634},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000236618500016&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[160:SDOTIM]2.0.CO;2},
Key = {fds313968}
}
@article{fds241308,
Author = {LJ Shapiro and CVM Seiffert and LR Godfrey and WL Jungers and EL Simons and GFN Randria},
Title = {Morphometric analysis of lumbar vertebrae in extinct
Malagasy strepsirrhines},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {128},
Number = {4},
Pages = {823-839},
Year = {2005},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000233647100011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20122},
Key = {fds241308}
}
@article{fds313952,
Author = {LR Godfrey and GM Semprebon and WL Jungers and MR Sutherland and EL
Simons and N Solounias},
Title = {Erratum: "Dental use wear in extinct lemurs: Evidence of
diet and niche differentiation" (Journal of Human Evolution
(2004) vol. 47 (3) (145-169) 10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.06.004)},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {49},
Number = {5},
Pages = {662-663},
Year = {2005},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.06.006},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.06.006},
Key = {fds313952}
}
@article{fds313982,
Author = {ER Seiffert and EL Simons and WC Clyde and JB Rossie and Y Attia and TM
Bown, P Chatrath and ME Mathison},
Title = {Paleontology: Basal anthropoids from Egypt and the antiquity
of Africa's higher primate radiation},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {310},
Number = {5746},
Pages = {300-304},
Year = {2005},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1116569},
Abstract = {Early anthropoid evolution in Afro-Arabia is poorly
documented, with only a few isolated teeth known from before
∼35 million years ago. Here we describe craniodental
remains of the primitive anthropoid Biretia from
∼37-million-year-old rocks in Egypt. Biretia is unique
among early anthropoids in exhibiting evidence for
nocturnality, but derived dental features shared with
younger parapithecids draw this genus, and possibly
>45-million-year-old Algeripithecus, into a morphologically
and behaviorally diverse parapithecoid clade of great
antiquity.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1116569},
Key = {fds313982}
}
@article{fds313985,
Author = {ER Seiffert and EL Simons and TM Ryan and Y Attia},
Title = {Additional remains of Wadilemur elegans, a primitive stem
galagid from the late Eocene of Egypt},
Journal = {PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA},
Volume = {102},
Number = {32},
Pages = {11396-11401},
Year = {2005},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000231253400049&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0505310102},
Key = {fds313985}
}
@article{fds313983,
Author = {WL Jungers and P Lemelin and LR Godfrey and RE Wunderlich and DA Burney and EL Simons and PS Chatrath and HF James and GFN
Randria},
Title = {The hands and feet of Archaeolemur: metrical affinities and
their functional significance},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION},
Volume = {49},
Number = {1},
Pages = {36-55},
Year = {2005},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000230534000003&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.03.001},
Key = {fds313983}
}
@article{fds313984,
Author = {AM Murray and EL Simons and YS Attia},
Title = {A new clupeid fish (Clupeomorpha) from the oligocene of
Fayum, Egypt, with notes on some other fossil
clupeomorphs},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY},
Volume = {25},
Number = {2},
Pages = {300-308},
Year = {2005},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0272-4634},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000230219500005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0300:ANCFCF]2.0.CO;2},
Key = {fds313984}
}
@article{fds31644,
Author = {Jungers W and Lemelin P and Godfrey L and Wunderlich R and Burney D and Simons E},
Title = {Metric trends in the hands and feet of Archaeolemur},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds31644}
}
@article{fds241304,
Author = {ER Miller and DT Rasmussen and EL Simons and DR
Swindler},
Title = {A randomization approach to analysing variation in molar
size sequences of early Miocene cercopithecoids},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds241304}
}
@article{fds313959,
Author = {EC Bush and EL Simons and JM Allman},
Title = {High-resolution computed tomography study of the cranium of
a fossil anthropoid primate, Parapithecus grangeri: New
insights into the evolutionary history of primate sensory
systems},
Journal = {Anatomical Record - Part A Discoveries in Molecular,
Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology},
Volume = {281},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1083-1087},
Year = {2004},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0003-276X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.a.20113},
Abstract = {Extant anthropoids have large brains, small olfactory bulbs,
and high-acuity vision compared with other primates. The
relative timing of the evolution of these characteristics
may have important implications for brain evolution. Here
computed tomography is used to examine the cranium of a
fossil anthropoid, Parapithecus grangeri. It is found that
P. grangeri had a relatively small brain compared with
living primates. In addition, it had an olfactory bulb in
the middle of the range for living primates. Methods for
relating optic foramen area and other cranial measurements
to acuity are discussed. Multiple regression is used to
estimate retinal ganglion cell number in P. grangeri. Given
currently available comparative data, P. grangeri seems to
have had retinal ganglion cell counts intermediate for
living primates, overlapping with the upper end of the range
for strepsirrhines and possibly with the lower end for
anthropoids. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.a.20113},
Key = {fds313959}
}
@article{fds241309,
Author = {LR Godfrey and GM Semprebon and WL Jungers and MR Sutherland and EL
Simons and N Solounias},
Title = {Dental use wear in extinct lemurs: evidence of diet and
niche differentiation},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION},
Volume = {47},
Number = {3},
Pages = {145-169},
Year = {2004},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000224165500002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.06.003},
Key = {fds241309}
}
@article{fds31649,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {The cranium and the adaptations of Parapithecus grangeri, a
stem catarrhine},
Pages = {Chapter 8, 183-204},
Booktitle = {Anthropoid Origins: New Visions},
Publisher = {New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers},
Editor = {CF Ross and RF Kay},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds31649}
}
@article{fds31650,
Author = {Bush EC and Simons EL and Dubowitz D and Allman, JM},
Title = {) Endocranial volume and optic foramen size in Parapithecus
grangeri},
Pages = {Chapter 21, 603-614},
Booktitle = {Anthropoid Origins: New Visions},
Publisher = {New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers},
Editor = {CF Ross and RF Kay},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds31650}
}
@article{fds31651,
Author = {Seiffert ER and Simons EL and CVM Simons},
Title = {Phylogenetic, biogeographic, and adaptive implications of
new fossil evidence bearing on early stem catarrhine
evolution},
Pages = {Chapter 7,157-181},
Booktitle = {Anthropoid Origins: New Visions},
Publisher = {New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers},
Editor = {CF Ross and RF Kay},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds31651}
}
@article{fds241306,
Author = {L Godfrey and E Simons and W Jungers and D DeBlieux and P
Chatrath},
Title = {New discovery of subfossil Hapalemur simus, the greater
bamboo lemur, in western Madagascar},
Journal = {Lemur News},
Volume = {9},
Pages = {00-00},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds241306}
}
@article{fds241310,
Author = {EL Simons and VFH Simons and PS Chatrath and KM Muldoon and M Oliphant and N Pistole and C Savvas},
Title = {Research on subfossils in Southwestern Madagascar and
Ankilitelo Cave},
Journal = {Lemur News},
Volume = {9},
Pages = {12-16},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds241310}
}
@article{fds241302,
Author = {ER Seiffert and EL Simons and Y Attia},
Title = {Fossil evidence for an ancient divergence of lorises and
galagos.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {422},
Number = {6930},
Pages = {421-424},
Year = {2003},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12660781},
Abstract = {Morphological, molecular, and biogeographic data bearing on
early primate evolution suggest that the clade containing
extant (or 'crown') strepsirrhine primates (lemurs, lorises
and galagos) arose in Afro-Arabia during the early
Palaeogene, but over a century of palaeontological
exploration on that landmass has failed to uncover any
conclusive support for that hypothesis. Here we describe the
first demonstrable crown strepsirrhines from the
Afro-Arabian Palaeogene--a galagid and a possible lorisid
from the late middle Eocene of Egypt, the latter of which
provides the earliest fossil evidence for the distinctive
strepsirrhine toothcomb. These discoveries approximately
double the previous temporal range of undoubted lorisiforms
and lend the first strong palaeontological support to the
hypothesis of an ancient Afro-Arabian origin for crown
Strepsirrhini and an Eocene divergence of extant lorisiform
families.},
Doi = {10.1038/nature01489},
Key = {fds241302}
}
@article{fds31652,
Author = {Godfrey L and Jungers W and Simons EL},
Title = {Box 1: Early Descriptions, Early Discoveries},
Volume = {12},
Pages = {255},
Booktitle = {The Extinct Sloth Lemurs of Madgascar. Evolutionary
Anthropology},
Editor = {Godfrey L and Jungers W},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds31652}
}
@article{fds31654,
Author = {Wright PC and Pochron ST and Herring EH and Simons
EL},
Title = {Can We Predict Seasonal Behavior and Social Organization
from Sexual Dimorphism and Testes Measurements?},
Pages = {260-273},
Booktitle = {Tarsiers: Past, Present, and Future},
Publisher = {New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press},
Editor = {PC Wright and EL Simons and S Gursky},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds31654}
}
@article{fds31655,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {The Fossil Record of Tarsier Evolution},
Pages = {9-34},
Booktitle = {Tarsiers: Past, Present, and Future},
Publisher = {New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press},
Editor = {PC Wright and EL Simons and S Gursky},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds31655}
}
@article{fds241303,
Author = {J Jernvall and PC Wright and FL Ravoavy and EL
Simons},
Title = {Report on Findings of Subfossils at Ampoza and Ampanihy in
Southwestern Madagascar},
Journal = {Lemur News},
Volume = {8},
Pages = {21-23},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds241303}
}
@article{fds241301,
Author = {ES Gaffney and DD Deblieux and EL Simons and MR Sanchez-Villagra and PA Meylan},
Title = {Redescription of the skull of Dacquemys Williams, 1954, a
podocnemidid side-necked turtle from the late Eocene of
Egypt},
Journal = {AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES},
Volume = {3372},
Number = {3372},
Pages = {1-16},
Year = {2002},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0003-0082},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000179060800001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1206/0003-0082(2002)372<0001:ROTSOD>2.0.CO;2},
Key = {fds241301}
}
@article{fds313979,
Author = {JB Rossie and EL Simons and SC Gauld and DT Rasmussen},
Title = {Paranasal sinus anatomy of Aegyptopithecus: Implications for
hominoid origins},
Journal = {PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA},
Volume = {99},
Series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
Number = {12},
Pages = {8454-8456},
Year = {2002},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000176217700116&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.092258699},
Key = {fds313979}
}
@article{fds313969,
Author = {GT Schwartz and KE Samonds and LR Godfrey and WL Jungers and EL
Simons},
Title = {Dental microstructure and life history in subfossil Malagasy
lemurs},
Journal = {PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA},
Volume = {99},
Series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
Number = {9},
Pages = {6124-6129},
Year = {2002},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000175377800069&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.092685099},
Key = {fds313969}
}
@article{fds313956,
Author = {DD De Blieux and EL Simons},
Title = {Cranial and dental anatomy of Antilohyrax pectidens: a Late
Eocene hyracoid (Mammalia) from the Fayum,
Egypt},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY},
Volume = {22},
Number = {1},
Pages = {122-136},
Year = {2002},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0272-4634},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000174490500013&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0122:CADAOA]2.0.CO;2},
Key = {fds313956}
}
@article{fds31657,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {The Fossil Record of Human Origins among the
Anthropoidea},
Pages = {13-28},
Booktitle = {New Perspectives in Primate Evolution and
Behavior},
Publisher = {West Yorkshire, UK: Westbury Academic and Scientific
Publishing},
Editor = {B Sherwood},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds31657}
}
@article{fds31673,
Author = {Jungers WL and Godfrey LR and Simons EL and Wunderlich RE and Richmond
BG, Chatrath PS and Rakotosamimanana B},
Title = {Ecomorphology and behavior of giant extinct lemurs from
Madagascar},
Pages = {371-411},
Booktitle = {Reconstructing Behavior in the Primate Fossil
Record},
Publisher = {New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press},
Editor = {JM Plavcan and R Kay and C Van Schaik and WL Jungers},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds31673}
}
@article{fds241299,
Author = {DD DeBlieux and EL Simons},
Title = {Cranial anatomy of Antilohyrax pectidens a late Eocene
hyracoid (Mammalia) from the Fayum, Egypt},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {22},
Pages = {121-135},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds241299}
}
@article{fds241295,
Author = {ER Seiffert and EL Simons},
Title = {Astragalar morphology of late Eocene anthropoids from the
Fayum Depression (Egypt) and the origin of catarrhine
primates.},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Volume = {41},
Number = {6},
Pages = {577-606},
Year = {2001},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11782110},
Abstract = {The phylogenetic relationships of the late Eocene
anthropoids Catopithecus browni and Proteopithecus sylviae
are currently a matter of debate, with opinion divided as to
whether these taxa are stem or crown anthropoids. The
phylogenetic position of Catopithecus is of particular
interest, for, unlike the highly generalized genus
Proteopithecus, this taxon shares apomorphic dental and
postcranial features with more derived undoubted catarrhines
that appear in the same region 1-2 Ma later. If these
apomorphies are homologous and Catopithecus is a stem
catarrhine, the unique combination of plesiomorphic and
apomorphic features preserved in this anthropoid would have
important implications for our understanding of the crown
anthropoid morphotype and the pattern of morphological
character transformations that occurred during the early
phases of stem catarrhine evolution.Well-preserved astragali
referrable to Proteopithecus, Catopithecus, and the
undoubted early Oligocene stem catarrhine Aegyptopithecus
have provided additional morphological evidence that allows
us to further evaluate competing hypotheses of
interrelationships among Eocene-Oligocene Afro-Arabian
anthropoids. Qualitative observations and multivariate
morphometric analyses reveal that the astragalar morphology
of Proteopithecus is very similar to that of early Oligocene
parapithecids and living and extinct small-bodied
platyrrhines, and strengthens the hypothesis that the
morphological pattern shared by these taxa is primitive
within crown Anthropoidea. In contrast, Catopithecus departs
markedly from the predicted crown anthropoid astragalar
morphotype and shares a number of apomorphic features (e.g.,
deep cotylar fossa, laterally projecting fibular facet,
trochlear asymmetry, mediolaterally wide astragalar head)
with Aegyptopithecus and Miocene-Recent catarrhines. The
evidence from the astragalus complements other independent
data from the dentition, humerus and femur of Catopithecus
that support this taxon's stem catarrhine status, and we
continue to maintain that oligopithecines are stem
catarrhines that constitute the sister group of a clade
containing propliopithecines and Miocene-Recent
catarrhines.},
Doi = {10.1006/jhev.2001.0508},
Key = {fds241295}
}
@article{fds241298,
Author = {SJ King and LR Godfrey and EL Simons},
Title = {Adaptive and phylogenetic significance of ontogenetic
sequences in Archaeolemur, subfossil lemur from
Madagascar},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION},
Volume = {41},
Number = {6},
Pages = {545-576},
Year = {2001},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000173534700002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1006/jhev.2001.0509},
Key = {fds241298}
}
@article{fds241300,
Author = {EL Simons and ER Seiffert and PS Chatrath and Y
Attia},
Title = {Earliest record of a parapithecid anthropoid from the Jebel
Qatrani formation, Northern Egypt.},
Journal = {Folia Primatol (Basel)},
Volume = {72},
Number = {6},
Pages = {316-331},
Year = {2001},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0015-5713},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11964500},
Abstract = {A fifth anthropoid (= anthropoidean, simian or simiiform)
genus and species from the late Eocene Fayum Quarry L-41,
Abuqatrania basiodontos gen. et sp. nov., further augments
the already remarkable primate diversity from this locality
and provides the first convincing extension of the enigmatic
family Parapithecidae into the oldest productive vertebrate
fossil-bearing stratum of the Jebel Qatrani Formation. A.
basiodontos exhibits no clear autapomorphies nor any
apomorphies that are shared exclusively with any other
parapithecid species, and it is most parsimoniously
interpreted as the sister taxon of a Qatrania-Parapithecus-Apidium
clade. Reevaluation of two contemporaries of A. basiodontos,
Serapia and Arsinoea, suggests that neither genus should be
ranked as a basal parapithecid. Serapia is more derived than
primitive parapithecids in the morphology of the lower
fourth premolar and exhibits greater overall similarity to
Proteopithecus in cusp placement and the shape and
proportions of its lower teeth; accordingly, we place
Serapia in the family Proteopithecidae. Arsinoea is much
more problematic and does not fit well with any hitherto
known Afro-Arabian anthropoid group; we place this genus in
a new anthropoid family, Arsinoeidae.},
Key = {fds241300}
}
@article{fds313976,
Author = {RL Ciochon and PD Gingerich and GF Gunnell and EL
Simons},
Title = {Primate postcrania from the late middle Eocene of
Myanmar},
Journal = {PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA},
Volume = {98},
Series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Number = {14},
Pages = {7672-7677},
Year = {2001},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000169744200008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.051003298},
Key = {fds313976}
}
@article{fds313971,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {The cranium of Parapithecus grangeri, an Egyptian Oligocene
anthropoidean primate.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {98},
Series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Number = {14},
Pages = {7892-7897},
Year = {2001},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11438736},
Abstract = {A nearly complete skull of Parapithecus grangeri from the
early Oligocene of Egypt is described. The specimen is
relatively undistorted and is undoubtedly the most complete
higher primate skull yet found in the African Oligocene,
which also makes it the most complete Oligocene primate
cranium worldwide. Belonging in superfamily Parapithecoidea,
a group regarded by some as the sister group to all other
Anthropoidea, this skull reveals important information about
the radiation of stem anthropoideans. This cranium is about
15% larger than size estimates based on a fragmentary
cranium of its contemporary and close relative Apidium
phiomense. It is about the same size as that of the gray
gentle lemur, Hapalemur griseus, or of platyrrhines such as
the owl monkey, Aotus trivirgatus, or the titi monkey,
Callicebus torquatus. Comparatively small orbits and size
differences in jaws and teeth show it was both diurnal and
dimorphic. This is the only specimen of the species that
shows (from sockets) that there were four small upper
incisors. Several mandibular specimens of the species
establish that there were no permanent lower incisors and
that the symphysis was fused. Like other early
anthropoideans this species possessed a lower
encephalization quotient and less-developed orbital
frontality than later anthropoideans. There is full
postorbital closure and fusion of the metopic suture, and
the ectotympanic forms a rim to the auditory aperture. A
probable frontal/alisphenoid contact is a potentially
derived resemblance to Catarrhini. A proposed separate genus
for the species P. grangeri is not sustained.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.051003398},
Key = {fds313971}
}
@article{fds241293,
Author = {JGM Thewissen and EL Simons},
Title = {Skull of Megalohyrax eocaenus (Hyracoidea, Mammalia) from
the Oligocene of Egypt},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY},
Volume = {21},
Number = {1},
Pages = {98-106},
Year = {2001},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0272-4634},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000167866500010&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0098:SOMEHM]2.0.CO;2},
Key = {fds241293}
}
@article{fds241294,
Author = {DT Rasmussen and EL Simons and F Hertel and A Judd},
Title = {Hindlimb of a giant terrestrial bird from the upper Eocene,
Fayum, Egypt},
Journal = {PALAEONTOLOGY},
Volume = {44},
Pages = {325-337},
Year = {2001},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0031-0239},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000167765700006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1111/1475-4983.00182},
Key = {fds241294}
}
@article{fds241296,
Author = {EC Kirk and EL Simons},
Title = {Diets of fossil primates from the Fayum Depression of Egypt:
a quantitative analysis of molar shearing.},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Volume = {40},
Number = {3},
Pages = {203-229},
Year = {2001},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11180986},
Abstract = {Over the last 90 years, Eocene and Oligocene aged sediments
in the Fayum Depression of Egypt have yielded at least 17
genera of fossil primates. However, of this diverse sample
the diets of only four early Oligocene anthropoid genera
have been previously studied using quantitative methods.
Here we present dietary assessments for 11 additional Fayum
primate genera based on the analysis of body mass and molar
shearing crest development. These studies reveal that all
late Eocene Fayum anthropoids were probably frugivorous
despite marked subfamilial differences in dental morphology.
By contrast, late Eocene Fayum prosimians demonstrated
remarkable dietary diversity, including specialized
insectivory (Anchomomys), generalized frugivory
(Plesiopithecus), frugivory+insectivory (Wadilemur), and
strict folivory (Aframonius). This evidence that sympatric
prosimians and early anthropoids jointly occupied
frugivorous niches during the late Eocene reinforces the
hypothesis that changes in diet did not form the primary
ecological impetus for the origin of the Anthropoidea. Early
Oligocene Fayum localities differ from late Eocene Fayum
localities in lacking large-bodied frugivorous and
folivorous prosimians, and may document the first appearance
of primate communities with trophic structures like those of
extant primate communities in continental Africa. A similar
change in primate community structure during the
Eocene-Oligocene transition is not evident in the Asian
fossil record. Putative large anthropoids from the Eocene of
Asia, such as Amphipithecus mogaungensis, Pondaungia
cotteri, and Siamopithecus eocaenus, share with early
Oligocene Fayum anthropoids derived features of molar
anatomy related to an emphasis on crushing and grinding
during mastication. However, these dental specializations
are not seen in late Eocene Fayum anthropoids that are
broadly ancestral to the later-occurring anthropoids of the
Fayum's upper sequence. This lack of resemblance to
undisputed Eocene African anthropoids suggests that the
"progressive" anthropoid-like dental features of some
large-bodied Eocene Asian primates may be the result of
dietary convergence rather than close phyletic affinity with
the Anthropoidea.},
Doi = {10.1006/jhev.2000.0450},
Key = {fds241296}
}
@article{fds241297,
Author = {EL Simons and DM Meyers},
Title = {Folklore and Beliefs about the Aye aye (Daubentonia
madagascariensis)},
Journal = {Lemur News},
Volume = {6},
Pages = {11-16},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds241297}
}
@article{fds313973,
Author = {ER Seiffert and EL Simons and JG Fleagle},
Title = {Anthropoid humeri from the late Eocene of
Egypt.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {97},
Series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Number = {18},
Pages = {10062-10067},
Year = {2000},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10963669},
Abstract = {A number of recent studies have, by necessity, placed a
great deal of emphasis on the dental evidence for Paleogene
anthropoid interrelationships, but cladistic analyses of
these data have led to the erection of phylogenetic
hypotheses that appear to be at odds with biogeographic and
stratigraphic considerations. Additional morphological data
from the cranium and postcranium of certain poorly
understood Paleogene primates are clearly needed to help
test whether such hypotheses are tenable. Here we describe
humeri attributable to Proteopithecus sylviae and
Catopithecus browni, two anthropoids from late Eocene
sediments of the Fayum Depression in Egypt. Qualitative and
morphometric analyses of these elements indicate that humeri
of the oligopithecine Catopithecus are more similar to early
Oligocene propliopithecines than they are to any other
Paleogene anthropoid taxon, and that Proteopithecus exhibits
humeral similarities to parapithecids that may be
symplesiomorphies of extant (or "crown") Anthropoidea. The
humeral morphology of Catopithecus is consistent with
certain narrowly distributed dental apomorphies-such as the
loss of the upper and lower second premolar and the
development of a honing blade for the upper canine on the
lower third premolar-which suggest that oligopithecines
constitute the sister group of a clade containing
propliopithecines and Miocene-Recent catarrhines and are not
most closely related to Proteopithecus as has recently been
proposed.},
Key = {fds313973}
}
@article{fds241292,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {A view on the science: physical anthropology at the
millennium.},
Journal = {Am J Phys Anthropol},
Volume = {112},
Number = {4},
Pages = {441-446},
Year = {2000},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11012387},
Doi = {10.1002/1096-8644(200008)112:4<441::AID-AJPA1>3.0.CO;2-K},
Key = {fds241292}
}
@article{fds241291,
Author = {MW Hamrick and EL Simons and WL Jungers},
Title = {New wrist bones of the Malagasy giant subfossil
lemurs},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION},
Volume = {38},
Number = {5},
Pages = {635-650},
Year = {2000},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000087100300002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1006/jhev.1999.0372},
Key = {fds241291}
}
@article{fds241290,
Author = {DT Rasmussen and EL Simons},
Title = {Ecomorphological diversity among Paleogene hyracoids
(Mammalia): A new cursorial browser from the Fayum,
Egypt},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY},
Volume = {20},
Number = {1},
Pages = {167-176},
Year = {2000},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0272-4634},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000166943200015&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds241290}
}
@article{fds313978,
Author = {ER Seiffert and EL Simons},
Title = {Widanelfarasia, a diminutive placental from the late Eocene
of Egypt.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {97},
Series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Number = {6},
Pages = {2646-2651},
Year = {2000},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10694573},
Abstract = {The lower dentition of Widanelfarasia (new genus), a
diminutive late Eocene placental from the Fayum Depression
in Egypt, is described. Widanelfarasia exhibits a complex of
features associated with incipient zalambdodonty and at
least three unequivocal apomorphies [loss of P(1), an
enlarged I(2) (relative to I(3)), and a basal cusp on I(2)],
which provide weak support for its placement as a possible
sister taxon of either a tenrecid-chrysochlorid clade or of
solenodontids. The former hypothesis gains additional
support from biogeographical evidence, but both scenarios
are currently tenuous as Widanelfarasia is clearly not truly
zalambdodont. Phylogenetic hypotheses positing affinities
with tenrecids alone or chrysochlorids alone must invoke
either convergent acquisition of zalambdodonty in these taxa
or autapomorphic reversal in Widanelfarasia. Given these
considerations, a relationship with more generalized taxa
from the Laurasian Paleogene (e.g., geolabidids,
nyctitheriids, leptictids) cannot yet be ruled out.
Comparisons with other Paleogene Afro-Arabian forms are
generally inconclusive. A relationship with the earlier
Eocene Chambilestes from Tunisia-currently represented by a
single specimen preserving P(4)-M(3)-seems possible based on
the geometry and predicted occlusal relationships of these
teeth, but cannot be confidently determined until these two
taxa come to be represented by common diagnostic elements.
Todralestes (late Paleocene, Morocco) exhibits general
phenetic similarities to Widanelfarasia, but it is not yet
known whether this taxon shares any of Widanelfarasia's
unequivocal dental apomorphies. Pending the recovery of more
informative material, we tentatively refer Widanelfarasia to
Placentalia incertae sedis. Truly zalambdodont placentals
remain conspicuously absent from the Paleogene of
Afro-Arabia.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.040549797},
Key = {fds313978}
}
@article{fds313987,
Author = {EL Simons and ER Seiffert},
Title = {A partial skeleton of Proteopithecus sylviae (Primates,
Anthropoidea): first associated dental and postcranial
remains of an Eocene anthropoidean},
Journal = {COMPTES RENDUS DE L ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES SERIE II FASCICULE
A-SCIENCES DE LA TERRE ET DES PLANETES},
Volume = {329},
Series = {Comptes Rendus De L'Academie Des Sciences Serie II Fascicule
a- Sciences De La Terre Et Des Planetes},
Number = {12},
Pages = {921-927},
Year = {1999},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1251-8050},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000084792400009&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1016/S1251-8050(00)88506-7},
Key = {fds313987}
}
@article{fds313981,
Author = {EL Simons and JM Plavcan and JG Fleagle},
Title = {Canine sexual dimorphism in Egyptian Eocene anthropoid
primates: Catopithecus and Proteopithecus.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {96},
Series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Number = {5},
Pages = {2559-2562},
Year = {1999},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10051682},
Abstract = {Two very small late Eocene anthropoid primates, Catopithecus
browni and Proteopithecus sylviae, from Fayum, Egypt show
evidence of substantial sexual dimorphism in canine teeth.
The degree of dimorphism suggests that these early
anthropoids lived in social groups with a polygynous mating
system and intense male-male competition. Catopithecus and
Proteopithecus are smaller in estimated body size than any
living primates showing canine dimorphism. The origin of
canine dimorphism and polygyny in anthropoids was not
associated with the evolution of large body
size.},
Key = {fds313981}
}
@article{fds313949,
Author = {RE Wunderlich and EL Simons and WL Jungers},
Title = {New Pedal Remains ofMegaladapis and Their Functional
Significance. Am J Phys Anthropol 100:115-139},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {108},
Number = {1},
Pages = {129-129},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199901)108:1<129::AID-AJPA7>3.0.CO;2},
Doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199901)108:1<129::AID-AJPA7>3.0.CO;2},
Key = {fds313949}
}
@article{fds31677,
Author = {Godfrey LR and Jungers WL and Simons EL and Chatrath PS and Rakotosamimanana B},
Title = {Past and Present Distributions of Lemurs in
Madagascar},
Pages = {19-53},
Booktitle = {New Directions in Lemur Studies},
Publisher = {New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press},
Editor = {H Rasamiminana and B Rakotosamimanana and J Ganzhorn and S
Goodman},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds31677}
}
@article{fds241289,
Author = {DD DeBlieux and EL Simons},
Title = {Cranial and dental anatomy of the late Eocene hyracoid
Antilohyrax pectidens (Mammalia) from the Fayum,
Egypt},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {19},
Pages = {3},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds241289}
}
@article{fds313977,
Author = {DT Rasmussen and GC Conroy and EL Simons},
Title = {Tarsier-like locomotor specializations in the Oligocene
primate Afrotarsius},
Journal = {PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA},
Volume = {95},
Series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Number = {25},
Pages = {14848-14850},
Year = {1998},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000077436700048&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.95.25.14848},
Key = {fds313977}
}
@article{fds31682,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {Prosimians: The Psychological Well-being of Nonhuman
Primates: a Report of the Committee on Well-being of
Nonhuman Primates, Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,
National Research Council},
Pages = {55-67},
Publisher = {Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds31682}
}
@article{fds31684,
Author = {Simons EL and Cornero S and Bown TM},
Title = {The Taphonomy of Fossil Vertebrate Quarry L-41, Upper
Eocene, Fayum Province, Egypt},
Series = {Proceedings of the Geological Survey of Egypt
Centennial},
Pages = {785-791},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds31684}
}
@article{fds31685,
Author = {Simons EL, and Chatrath PS},
Title = {Eocene Mammalian Faunas of Africa with Particular Reference
to the Age Correlation of Primates at Locality
41},
Series = {Proceedings of the Geological Survey of Egypt
Centennial},
Pages = {775-783},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds31685}
}
@article{fds31686,
Author = {Miller ER, and Simons EL},
Title = {Relationships between the Mammalian Fauna from Wadi Moghara,
Quattara Depression, Egypt, and other early Miocene
Faunas},
Series = {Proceedings of the Geological Survey of Egypt
Centennial},
Pages = {547-580},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds31686}
}
@article{fds31687,
Author = {Fleagle JG and Richmond BF and Ankel-Simons F and Chatrath PS and Simons EL},
Title = {Aegyptopithecus zeuxis and the Evolution of Old World Higher
Primates},
Series = {Proceedings of the Geological Survey of Egypt
Centennial},
Pages = {277-287},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds31687}
}
@article{fds241287,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {The prosimian fauna of the fayum Eocene/Oligocene deposits
of Egypt},
Journal = {FOLIA PRIMATOLOGICA},
Volume = {69},
Pages = {286-294},
Year = {1998},
ISSN = {0015-5713},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000073561900025&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds241287}
}
@article{fds241288,
Author = {JH Schwartz and J Shoshani and I Tattersall and EL Simons and G
Gunnell},
Title = {Lorisidae Grey, 1821 and Galagidae Grey, 1825 (Mammalia,
Primates): proposed conservation as the correct original
spellings},
Journal = {Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature},
Volume = {55},
Pages = {165-168},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds241288}
}
@article{fds313966,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Preliminary description of the cranium of Proteopithecus
sylviae, an Egyptian late Eocene anthropoidean
primate.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {94},
Series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Number = {26},
Pages = {14970-14975},
Year = {1997},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9405723},
Abstract = {Recent discovery of crania, dentitions, and postcrania of a
primitive anthropoidean primate, Proteopithecus sylviae, at
the late Eocene L-4l quarry in the Fayum, Egypt, provides
evidence of a new taxonomic family of early African higher
primates, the Proteopithecidae. This family could be part of
the basal radiation that produced the New World platyrrhine
primates, or it could be unrelated to any subsequent
lineages. Although no larger than a small callitrichid or a
dwarf lemur, this tiny primate already possessed many of the
derived features of later anthropoids and was a diurnal and
probably dimorphic species. In dental formula and other
dental proportions, as well as in known postcranial
features, Proteopithecus more nearly resembles platyrrhines
than does any other Old World higher primate. The small size
of the Proteopithecus cranium demonstrates that the defining
cranial characteristics of Anthropoidea did not arise as a
consequence of an increase in size during derivation from
earlier prosimians.},
Key = {fds313966}
}
@article{fds241285,
Author = {JI Bloch and DC Fisher and PD Gingerich and GF Gunnell and EL Simons and MD Uhen},
Title = {Cladistic analysis and anthropoid origins},
Journal = {SCIENCE},
Volume = {278},
Number = {5346},
Pages = {2134-2135},
Year = {1997},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1997YM23500056&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1126/science.278.5346.2134},
Key = {fds241285}
}
@article{fds313970,
Author = {ER Miller and EL Simons},
Title = {Dentition of Proteopithecus sylviae, an archaic anthropoid
from the Fayum, Egypt.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {94},
Series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Number = {25},
Pages = {13760-13764},
Year = {1997},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9391100},
Abstract = {Proteopithecus sylviae is an archaic anthropoid from the
late Eocene quarry L-41, Fayum Province, Egypt. The
dentition of Proteopithecus is very primitive and does not
closely resemble that of other, better known, primates from
the Fayum (e.g., parapithecids and propliopithecids). The
dental morphology, much of which is described herein, shows
a platyrrhine-like level of organization, suggesting that P.
sylviae may occupy a position near the base of the modern
anthropoid radiation.},
Key = {fds313970}
}
@article{fds313967,
Author = {WL Jungers and LR Godfrey and EL Simons and PS
Chatrath},
Title = {Phalangeal curvature and positional behavior in extinct
sloth lemurs (Primates, Palaeopropithecidae)},
Journal = {PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA},
Volume = {94},
Series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Number = {22},
Pages = {11998-12001},
Year = {1997},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1997YD50600046&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.94.22.11998},
Key = {fds313967}
}
@article{fds313963,
Author = {EL Simons and ER Miller},
Title = {An upper dentition of Aframonius dieides (Primates) from the
Fayum, Egyptian Eocene.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {94},
Series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Number = {15},
Pages = {7993-7996},
Year = {1997},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9223301},
Abstract = {The first known upper dentitions--an adult and subadult--of
the cercamoniine adapiform Aframonius dieides are described.
Comparisons show that A. dieides has an upper molar
morphology resembling that of other cercamoniine adapids but
the species lacks some of their typical specializations. The
new dental material confirms that Aframonius stands closer
to Mahgarita from west Texas and Cercamonius from Europe
than it does to Schizarodon and Omanodon from Oman-all of
which have been ranked as cercamoniines. Affinities of the
latter two genera probably lie with the Anchomomys group.
The presence of a cercamoniine adapid in the Eocene of Egypt
supports the view that early African anthropoideans evolved
not in isolation, but concomitantly with a contemporary
Eocene prosimian radiation.},
Key = {fds313963}
}
@article{fds241286,
Author = {ER Miller and DT Rasmussen and EL Simons},
Title = {Fossil storks (Ciconiidae) from the Late Eocene and Early
Miocene of Egypt},
Journal = {OSTRICH},
Volume = {68},
Number = {1},
Pages = {23-26},
Year = {1997},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0030-6525},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000073308300005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1080/00306525.1997.9633976},
Key = {fds241286}
}
@article{fds313960,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Discovery of the smallest Fayum Egyptian primates
(Anchomomyini, Adapidae).},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {94},
Series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Number = {1},
Pages = {180-184},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11038538},
Abstract = {Two new adapiform primate species from locality 41, Jebel
Qatrani Formation, Egypt, are described. The first, here
named Wadilemur elegans genus novum species novum (holotype
Cairo Geological Museum 42211), consists of a right mandible
with P3-M3. The second is assigned to Anchomomys milleri
species novum, with a holotype Cairo Geological Museum
42842, that includes the right mandible with lower canine to
M3. Both species are allied closely with genera that are
known to be from Eocene deposits either in Europe, Tunisia,
or the Sultanate of Oman (Arabia), thus enhancing earlier
paleomagnetic evidence that locality 41 was deposited in
Eocene times.},
Key = {fds313960}
}
@article{fds31695,
Author = {Godfrey LR and Jungers WL and Reed KE and Simons EL and Chatrath
PS},
Title = {Subfossil Lemurs: Inferences about the Past and Present
Primate Communities in Madagascar},
Pages = {218-256},
Booktitle = {Natural Change and Human Impact in Madagascar},
Publisher = {Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution
Press},
Editor = {SM Goodman and BD Patterson},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds31695}
}
@article{fds31696,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {Lemurs: Old and New},
Pages = {142-156},
Booktitle = {Natural Change and Human Impact in Madagascar},
Publisher = {Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution
Press},
Editor = {SM Goodman and BD Patterson},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds31696}
}
@article{fds241283,
Author = {MF Teaford and MC Maas and EL Simons},
Title = {Dental microwear and microstructure in early oligocene
primates from the Fayum, Egypt: implications for
diet.},
Journal = {Am J Phys Anthropol},
Volume = {101},
Number = {4},
Pages = {527-543},
Year = {1996},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9016366},
Abstract = {Textbook descriptions usually portray the Fayum
anthropoideans as frugivores, with Parapithecus grangeri
including a folivorous component in its diet and Apidium a
component of hard-object feeding. Recent work with modern
mammals has shown that analyses of both dental microwear and
dental microstructure may yield insights into diet and tooth
use. The purpose of this study was to combine these two
techniques to gain a better perspective on the paleobiology
of the Fayum higher primates. Dental microwear analyses
involved the use of high resolution epoxy casts of
Aegyptopithecus, Parapithecus, and Apidium housed in the
Duke University Primate Center. Scanning electron
micrographs were taken at x500, and all microwear features
in each micrograph were digitized. For microstructure
analyses, molar teeth were sectioned in a variety of planes,
lightly etched, and photographed in the SEM. Results of the
dental microwear analyses indicate that the three Fayum
anthropoideans all clustered with modern primate frugivores
but that there were also significant differences between
Aegyptopithecus and the other two Fayum genera. By contrast,
dental microstructure analyses showed important differences
between Apidium and the other two genera. The reason for
these differences probably lies in a combination of body
size and dietary differences, with Aegyptopithecus
occasionally feeding on hard objects and Apidium maximizing
wear resistance through a unique emphasis of radial (rather
than decussating) enamel.},
Doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199612)101:4<527::AID-AJPA7>3.0.CO;2},
Key = {fds241283}
}
@article{fds241282,
Author = {EL Simons and DT Rasmussen},
Title = {Skull of Catopithecus browni, an early tertiary
catarrhine.},
Journal = {Am J Phys Anthropol},
Volume = {100},
Number = {2},
Pages = {261-292},
Year = {1996},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8771315},
Abstract = {Fossil crania from quarry L-41, Fayum, Egypt, representing
Catopithecus browni, a primate similar in size to
callitrichids but with a catarrhine dental formula, provide
the geologically earliest record of an anthropoidean skull.
Catopithecus had postorbital closure developed to the stage
seen in extant anthropoideans, with direct contact between
zygomatic plate and maxillary tuber, isolating an anterior
orbital fissure from the inferior orbital fissure. The
auditory region also resembles that of later anthropoideans:
The posterior carotid foramen is placed adjacent to the
jugular fossa; a large promontory canal crosses the
promontorium; and the annular ectotympanic is fused
ventrally to the bulla. The incisors and canines show an
assemblage of features found only among modern
anthropoideans and adapoids. The face is characterized by a
relatively deep maxilla, broad ascending wing of the
premaxilla, and long nasal bones, yielding a moderate muzzle
similar to that of Aegyptopithecus. The small braincase
bears an anteriorly broad frontal trigon and a posteriorly
developed sagittal crest. The mandibular symphysis is
unfused even in mature adults. The encephalization quotient
(EQ) probably falls within the range of Eocene prosimians,
much lower than the EQs of Neogene anthropoideans.},
Doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199606)100:2<261::AID-AJPA7>3.0.CO;2},
Key = {fds241282}
}
@article{fds241281,
Author = {RE Wunderlich and EL Simons and WL Jungers},
Title = {New pedal remains of Megaladapis and their functional
significance},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {100},
Number = {1},
Pages = {115-138},
Year = {1996},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1996UG85700011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199605)100:1<115::AID-AJPA11>3.0.CO;},
Key = {fds241281}
}
@article{fds241278,
Author = {J Shoshani and CP Groves and EL Simons and GF Gunnell},
Title = {Primate phylogeny: Morphological vs molecular
results},
Journal = {MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION},
Volume = {5},
Number = {1},
Pages = {102-154},
Year = {1996},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1055-7903},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1996TZ13600009&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1006/mpev.1996.0009},
Key = {fds241278}
}
@article{fds241279,
Author = {LR Godfrey and JM Wilson and EL Simons and PD Stewart and M Vuillaume
Randriamanantena},
Title = {Ankarana: Window to Madagascar's Past},
Journal = {Lemur News},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {16-17},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds241279}
}
@article{fds241280,
Author = {J Wilson and LR Godfrey and EL Simons and P Stewart and M Vuillaume
Randriamanantena},
Title = {Past and present lemur fauna at Ankarana, Northern
Madagascar},
Journal = {Primate Conservation},
Volume = {16},
Pages = {47-52},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds241280}
}
@article{fds241284,
Author = {PA Holroyd and EL Simons and TM Bown and PD Polly and MJ
Kraus},
Title = {New records of terrestrial mammals from the upper Eocene
Qasr El Sagha Formation, Fayum Depression,
Egypt},
Journal = {Paleovertebrata},
Volume = {25},
Pages = {175-192},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds241284}
}
@article{fds241275,
Author = {EL Simons and DT Rasmussen and PD Gingerich},
Title = {New cercamoniine adapid from Fayum, Egypt},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION},
Volume = {29},
Number = {6},
Pages = {577-589},
Year = {1995},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1995TN82100004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1006/jhev.1995.1076},
Key = {fds241275}
}
@article{fds241273,
Author = {E SIMONS and L GODFREY and W JUNGERS and P CHATRATH and J
RAVAOARISOA},
Title = {A NEW SPECIES OF MESOPROPITHECUS (PRIMATES,
PALAEOPROPITHECIDAE) FROM NORTHERN MADAGASCAR},
Journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {16},
Number = {4},
Pages = {653-682},
Year = {1995},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1995RP89300006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds241273}
}
@article{fds241274,
Author = {W JUNGERS and L GODFREY and E SIMONS and P CHATRATH},
Title = {SUBFOSSIL INDRI-INDRI FROM THE ANKARANA MASSIF OF NORTHERN
MADAGASCAR},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {97},
Number = {4},
Pages = {357-366},
Year = {1995},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1995RM00400002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330970403},
Key = {fds241274}
}
@article{fds241269,
Author = {J FLEAGLE and E SIMONS},
Title = {LIMB SKELETON AND LOCOMOTOR ADAPTATIONS OF APIDIUM
PHIOMENSE, AN OLIGOCENE ANTHROPOID FROM EGYPT},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {97},
Number = {3},
Pages = {235-289},
Year = {1995},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1995RG08500002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330970303},
Key = {fds241269}
}
@article{fds241270,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Skulls and anterior teeth of Catopithecus
(primates:Anthropoidea) from the Eocene and anthropoid
origins.},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {268},
Number = {5219},
Pages = {1885-1888},
Year = {1995},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7604261},
Abstract = {Recent finds of Catopithecus browni at an upper Eocene
fossil site in the Fayum depression, Egypt, reveal features
of the earliest higher primates. This basal anthropoidean
shows a set of derived cranial and dental features that
first occur in combination in this fossil. Old World
Anthropoidea or Catarrhini can now be traced back to
Catopithecus in Egypt. Size, shape, orientation of incisors
and canines, and other features of the teeth and skull
relate Catopithecus both to later Anthropoidea and to the
early and middle Eocene cercamoniine adapoids. Most defining
characteristics of higher primates cannot be documented
earlier than the late Eocene of Africa.},
Key = {fds241270}
}
@article{fds313980,
Author = {EL Simons and TM Bown},
Title = {Ptolemaiida, a new order of Mammalia--with description of
the cranium of Ptolemaia grangeri.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {92},
Series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Number = {8},
Pages = {3269-3273},
Year = {1995},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11607526},
Abstract = {All records of the exotic mammalian family Ptolemaiidae are
known from 182 m of section in the lower to middle parts of
the upper Eocene and lower Oligocene Jebel Qatrani
Formation, Fayum Depression, Egypt. Previous tentative
assignments of ptolemaiid affinity have suggested that these
animals are allied with the primitive suborder Pantolesta
(currently placed in the order Cimolesta). Though perhaps
ultimately derived from an unknown member of that group, the
likelihood that ptolemaiids constitute a distinct group is
considered, and analysis of all known materials of
Ptolemaia, Qarunavus, and Cleopatrodon demonstrates that
these genera belong in their own order, the Ptolemaiida,
described here. The morphologically unique dentition and
only known ptolemaiid cranium, that of Ptolemaia grangeri,
is described. Although Qarunavus and Cleopatrodon show some
similarities in primitive characters to European merialine
Paroxyclaenidae (suborder Pantolesta), their affinities
clearly lie with Ptolemaia and the Ptolemaiida.},
Key = {fds313980}
}
@article{fds241277,
Author = {E SIMONS and D BURNEY and P CHATRATH and L GODFREY and W JUNGERS and B
RAKOTOSAMIMANANA},
Title = {AMS C-14 DATES FOR EXTINCT LEMURS FROM CAVES IN THE ANKARANA
MASSIF, NORTHERN MADAGASCAR},
Journal = {QUATERNARY RESEARCH},
Volume = {43},
Number = {2},
Pages = {249-254},
Year = {1995},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0033-5894},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1995QP68800014&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {An extensive late Quaternary fauna, including many extinct
giant lemurs, has been collected recently in a 110+-km
system of caves in the Ankarana Massif of northern
Madagascar. AMS 14C dates for the acid-insoluble
(collagen/gelatin) fraction of bones of the giant lemur
Megaladapis (26,150 ± 400 and 12,760 ± 70 yr B.P.) confirm
its presence in the area during the late Pleistocene and
provide the first Pleistocene 14 C ages from bones of the
extinct megafauna of the island. The first date from bones
of the recently described extinct Babakotia radofilai (4400
± 60 yr B.P.) shows that it was present in northern
Madagascar in mid-Holocene times. A comparatively recent age
of 1020 ± 50 yr B.P. for the extinct Archaeolemur indicates
survival of this genus for at least a millennium after the
first direct evidence for humans in Madagascar. This
suggests that the island's "extinction window" may have
represented a longer time span than would have been expected
under the Blitzkrieg model of late Quaternary extinctions. A
mid-Holocene age (4560 ± 70 yr B.P.) for a bone sample of
the small extant lemur Hapalemur simus indicates that the
disappearance of this now-restricted species from the
Ankarana occurred after this date. New data from the
Ankarana and other sites on the island add to the consensus
that major biotic changes occurred on Madagascar in the late
Holocene.},
Doi = {10.1006/qres.1995.1025},
Key = {fds241277}
}
@article{fds241271,
Author = {M HAMRICK and D MELDRUM and E SIMONS},
Title = {ANTHROPOID PHALANGES FROM THE OLIGOCENE OF
EGYPT},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION},
Volume = {28},
Number = {2},
Pages = {121-145},
Year = {1995},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1995QG35000001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1006/jhev.1995.1011},
Key = {fds241271}
}
@article{fds31708,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {History, Anatomy, Subfossil Record and Management of
Daubentonia madagascariensis},
Pages = {133-140},
Booktitle = {Creatures of the Dark: The Nocturnal Prosimians},
Publisher = {New York: Plenum Press},
Editor = {L Alterman and GA Doyle and MK Izard},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds31708}
}
@article{fds241267,
Author = {EL Simons and DT Rasmussen},
Title = {A Whole New World of Ancestors: Eocene Anthropoideans from
Africa},
Journal = {Evolutionary Anthropology},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {128-139},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds241267}
}
@article{fds241268,
Author = {MK Izard and B Epps and EL Simons},
Title = {Reproduction in the brown lemur (Eulemur fulvus
fulvus)},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {36},
Pages = {129},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds241268}
}
@article{fds241272,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Crania of Apidium: Primitive Anthropoidean (Primates,
Parapithecidae) from the Egyptian Oligocene},
Journal = {American Museum Novitates},
Volume = {3124},
Pages = {1-10},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds241272}
}
@article{fds241276,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Egyptian Oligocene Primates: A review},
Journal = {Yearbook of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {38},
Pages = {199-238},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds241276}
}
@article{fds313975,
Author = {DM Haring and WR Hess and BS Coffman and EL Simons and TM
Owens},
Title = {Natural history and captive management of the aye-aye
Daubentonia madagascariensis at the Duke University Primate
Center, Durham},
Pages = {201-219},
Year = {1994},
Month = {December},
Abstract = {Summarizes the morphology, natural history, captive history
and captive management of the species. Since 1987 the
aye-aye has been kept at Duke University Primate Center; the
first birth there from a captive mating occurred in 1992.
The original 2.2 animals were maintained on local
photoperiod but, in 1992, with the arrival of 1.3
wild-caught aye-aye and because there had been no successful
breeding to date, a Madagascar photoperiod was instituted.
Between 1992 and 1994 five young, of which four were reared,
were born at the Center. -from Authors},
Key = {fds313975}
}
@article{fds313947,
Author = {TM Bown and KD Rose and EL Simons and SL Wing},
Title = {Distribution and stratigraphic correlation of Upper
Paleocene and Lower Eocene fossil mammal and plant
localities of the Fort Union, Willwood, and Tatman
Formations, southern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming},
Journal = {US Geological Survey Professional Paper},
Volume = {1540},
Series = {U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper l540, pp. 103
pages},
Year = {1994},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1044-9612},
Abstract = {The fossil mammals of the lower Eocene part of the Willwood
Formation in the southern Bighorn Basin constitute by far
the largest sample of stratigraphically documented fossil
mammals of any age from anywhere in the world. For this
reason, the southern Bighorn Basin Willwood sample of fossil
vertebrates has become the most important for empirically
derived paleontological studies of tempo and mode of
evolution in Mammalia. Locality data for 1472 Willwood
fossil mammal sites and the detailed stratigraphic
correlation of 941 of them into measured stratigraphic
sections afford a framework for the biostratigraphic
integration of nearly 80 000 catalogued and at least 30 000
uncatalogued specimens. A preliminary list of the Willwood
mammal fauna of the south-central and southeast Bighorn
Basin and mammalian compositions for some of the most
important sites are presented. Locality and stratigraphic
correlations are also provided for 37 fossil plant
localities. -from Authors},
Key = {fds313947}
}
@article{fds313988,
Author = {EL Simons and DT Rasmussen},
Title = {A remarkable cranium of Plesiopithecus teras (Primates,
Prosimii) from the Eocene of Egypt.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {91},
Series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Number = {21},
Pages = {9946-9950},
Year = {1994},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7937923},
Abstract = {Between 1991 and 1993 specimens of a highly distinctive
primate, named Plesiopithecus teras [Simons, E.L. (1992)
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 10743-10747], were found at
site L-41 in late Eocene deposits of the Fayum Depression,
Egypt. The most important of these specimens consists of a
nearly complete skull, which facilitates the evaluation of
affinities of this primate. Characteristics of the known
material now demonstrate that Plesiopithecus is a prosimian,
although mandibular molar morphology, in particular, bears
similarity to that in molars of archaic members of
Anthropoidea. Plesiopithecus has a postorbital bar but lacks
postorbital closure, it has upper molars without hypocones,
and it may retain four lower premolars. Its familial rank
was considered incertae sedis by Simons [Simons, E.L. (1992)
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 10743-10747]; it can now be
demonstrated that Plesiopithecus justifies establishment of
a new family and superfamily. The new superfamily apparently
lies closer to the toothcomb prosimians (strepsirhines) than
to any other known primate group. Under this interpretation
the enlarged, procumbent tooth in the jaw of Plesiopithecus
is homologous to either the lateral incisor or the canine of
the prosimian toothcomb.},
Key = {fds313988}
}
@article{fds241265,
Author = {M RAVOSA and E SIMONS},
Title = {MANDIBULAR GROWTH AND FUNCTION IN ARCHAEOLEMUR},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {95},
Number = {1},
Pages = {63-76},
Year = {1994},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1994PF51700005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330950106},
Key = {fds241265}
}
@article{fds31719,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {New evidence concerning the earliest African higher
primates},
Volume = {20},
Series = {Annals Egyptian Geol. Surv. and Mining Auth. Proc. Inter.
Conf. 30 Years Coope},
Pages = {101-113},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds31719}
}
@article{fds31721,
Author = {Gebo DL and Simons EL and Rasmussen DT and Dagosto
M},
Title = {Eocene anthropoid postcrania from the Fayum,
Egypt},
Pages = {203-234},
Booktitle = {Anthropoid Origins},
Publisher = {N.Y.: Plenum Press},
Editor = {JG Fleagle and RF Kay},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds31721}
}
@article{fds31722,
Author = {Simons EL and Rasmussen DT and Brown TM and Chatrath
PS},
Title = {The Eocene Origin of Anthropoid primates: Adaptation,
Evolution, and Diversity},
Pages = {179-202},
Booktitle = {Anthropoid Origins},
Publisher = {N.Y.: Plenum Press},
Editor = {JG Fleagle and RF Kay},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds31722}
}
@article{fds31723,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {New monkeys (Prohylobates) and an ape humerus from the
Miocene Moghara Formation of Northern Egypt},
Volume = {1993},
Series = {Proc. XIV Int. Primatol. Conf. Strassbourg,
France},
Pages = {247-253},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds31723}
}
@article{fds31724,
Author = {Domning DP and Gingerich PD and Simons EL and Ankel-Simons
FA},
Title = {A New Early Oligocene Dugongid (Mammalia, Sirenia) from
Fayum Province, Egypt},
Volume = {29},
Series = {Contrib. Mus. Paleont. Univ. Michigan},
Pages = {89-108},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds31724}
}
@article{fds31725,
Author = {Wunderlich RE and Jungers WL and Godfrey LR and Simons EL and Chatrath PS},
Title = {Functional morphology of subfossil Malagasy primate
feet},
Series = {Am. Soc. Phys. Anth. Annual Meeting:abstract},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds31725}
}
@article{fds31727,
Author = {Wunderlich RE and Jungers WL and Godfrey LR and Simons
EL},
Title = {Pedal form and function in subfossil indroids},
Journal = {Am Journ.Phys. Anth. Suppl. 18},
Pages = {211-212},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds31727}
}
@article{fds31728,
Author = {Jungers WL and Simons EL and Godfrey LR},
Title = {Phalangeal curvature and locomotor adaptations in subfossil
lemurs},
Journal = {Am. Journ. Phys. Anth. Suppl. 18},
Pages = {117-118},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds31728}
}
@article{fds31729,
Author = {Shapiro L and Jungers WL and Godfrey LR and Simons.
EL},
Title = {Vertebral morphology of extinct lemurs},
Journal = {Am. Journ. Phys. Anth. Suppl. 18},
Pages = {179-180},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds31729}
}
@article{fds241264,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {The giant aye-aye Daubentonia robusta.},
Journal = {Folia Primatol (Basel)},
Volume = {62},
Number = {1-3},
Pages = {14-21},
Year = {1994},
ISSN = {0015-5713},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7721200},
Abstract = {Subfossils of a giant form of aye-aye are found at scattered
sites in the south and southwest of the island of
Madagascar, outside the known distribution of the living, or
common, aye-aye. The subfossil aye-aye, named Daubentonia
robusta, has massive, robust limb bones implying a species
with a body weight 2.5-5 times as great as that of the
living species. A mystery exists regarding how a species
this large with the same specializations of teeth and manus
as the living species could have existed in a xeric
environment.},
Key = {fds241264}
}
@article{fds241266,
Author = {DM Haring and WR Hess and BS Coffman and EL Simons and TM
Owens},
Title = {Natural history and captive management of the Aye-Aye at the
Duke University Primate Center, Durham},
Journal = {International Zoo Yearbook},
Pages = {201-219},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds241266}
}
@article{fds31734,
Author = {Wunderlich RE and Jungers WL and Simons EL},
Title = {New pedal remains of Megaladapis and their functional
significance},
Journal = {Am. J. Phys. Anth. Suppl. 16},
Pages = {213},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds31734}
}
@article{fds31737,
Author = {B.S. Coffman WR and Hess KE and Glander PE and Feeser and Simons
EL},
Title = {Management of a Breeding Colony of Aye-Ayes (Daubentonia
madagascariensis) at the Duke University Primate
Center},
Series = {AAZPA 1993 Regional Proceedings},
Pages = {161-167},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds31737}
}
@article{fds31744,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {Diversity in the Early Tertiary Anthropoidean Radiation in
Africa},
Volume = {90},
Series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Pages = {1634-1634},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds31744}
}
@article{fds241257,
Author = {DT Rasmussen and EL Simons},
Title = {An antelope-like hyrax from the African Eocene},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paelontology},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds241257}
}
@article{fds241258,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Egypt's Simian Spring},
Journal = {Natural History},
Volume = {102},
Pages = {58-59, 104},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds241258}
}
@article{fds241260,
Author = {E SIMONS},
Title = {NEW ENDOCASTS OF AEGYPTOPITHECUS - OLDEST WELL-PRESERVED
RECORD OF THE BRAIN IN ANTHROPOIDEA},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE},
Volume = {293A},
Pages = {383-390},
Year = {1993},
ISSN = {0002-9599},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1993KR34200014&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds241260}
}
@article{fds241261,
Author = {MK Izard and B Coffman and A Katz and EL Simons},
Title = {Reproduction in the collared lemur (Eulemur fulvus
collaris)},
Journal = {Am. J. Phys. Anth.},
Volume = {30},
Pages = {320},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds241261}
}
@article{fds241262,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Lost Lemurs of the Crocodile Caves},
Journal = {The Sciences},
Pages = {6-8},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds241262}
}
@article{fds241263,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Discovery of the Western Aye-Aye},
Journal = {Lemur News},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {6},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds241263}
}
@article{fds313948,
Author = {M VUILLAUMERANDRIAMANANTENA and L GODFREY and W JUNGERS and E
SIMONS},
Title = {MORPHOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION OF MEGALADAPIS - GIANT
SUBFOSSIL LEMUR FROM MADAGASCAR},
Journal = {COMPTES RENDUS DE L ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES SERIE
II},
Volume = {315},
Series = {Comptes Rendus De L'Academie Des Sciences Serie
II},
Number = {13},
Pages = {1835-1842},
Year = {1992},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1251-8069},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1992KF00600039&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds313948}
}
@article{fds313946,
Author = {DT Rasmussen and TM Bown and EL Simons},
Title = {The Eocene-Oligocene transition in continental
Africa},
Pages = {548-566},
Booktitle = {Eocene-Oligocene Climatic and Biotic Evolution},
Publisher = {Princeton Univ. Press},
Editor = {DR Prothero and WA Berggren},
Year = {1992},
Month = {December},
Abstract = {Knowledge of African terrestrial mammals during the
Paleogene is limited to 12 sites, most of which are in North
Africa. Only one of these, the Fayum region of Egypt, has
produced an extensive mammalian record. The Eocene/Oligocene
boundary has been difficult to identify in Africa because of
the high proportion of unique endemic taxa, the lack of
radiometrically datable rocks at appropriate stratigraphic
positions, and other problems. To obtain an estimate of the
boundary, the geology and mammalian fauna of the Fayum is
analyzed, especially with respect to: 1) faunal change
through time; 2) faunal correlations between the Fayum and
other sites in Africa; and 3) the stratigraphic positions of
major erosional unconformities and inferred regressive
events of the Tethys Sea. -from Authors},
Key = {fds313946}
}
@article{fds313974,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Diversity in the early tertiary anthropoidean radiation in
Africa.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {89},
Series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Number = {22},
Pages = {10743-10747},
Year = {1992},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1438271},
Abstract = {Between 1987 and 1991 recent field seasons in the Fayum
Depression of Egypt have yielded five species and genera of
primates that were earlier unknown. Three of these species
and genera are described below. All these genera and species
are known only from Fayum site L-41, which has been dated as
of late Eocene age. In the Fayum, these 5 species from L-41
are added to 3 kinds of prosimians (1 species formally
described) and 11 earlier named species of Anthropoidea.
When certain undescribed species are added, the total of
known Fayum primate species comes to 21, belonging to at
least 10 genera, genera that, in turn, could belong to as
many as seven families. This arguably represents more
taxonomic diversity of primates, especially higher primates,
than has been demonstrated before in one so spatially and
temporally limited area. These facts argue that an
important, perhaps primary, radiation of anthropoideans took
place in the African Eocene.},
Key = {fds313974}
}
@article{fds241253,
Author = {D RASMUSSEN and E SIMONS},
Title = {PALEOBIOLOGY OF THE OLIGOPITHECINES, THE EARLIEST KNOWN
ANTHROPOID PRIMATES},
Journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {13},
Number = {5},
Pages = {477-508},
Year = {1992},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1992JP06000001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1007/BF02547829},
Key = {fds241253}
}
@article{fds31748,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {Fossil history of primates: Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human
Evolution. England},
Pages = {199-208},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds31748}
}
@article{fds241254,
Author = {E SIMONS and L GODFREY and W JUNGERS and P CHATRATH and B
RAKOTOSAMIMANANA},
Title = {A NEW GIANT SUBFOSSIL LEMUR, BABAKOTIA, AND THE EVOLUTION OF
THE SLOTH LEMURS},
Journal = {FOLIA PRIMATOLOGICA},
Volume = {58},
Number = {4},
Pages = {197-203},
Year = {1992},
ISSN = {0015-5713},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1992JV55100003&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1159/000156629},
Key = {fds241254}
}
@article{fds241255,
Author = {J Kappelman and EL Simons and CC Swisher},
Title = {New Age-Determinations for the Eocene-Oligocene Boundary
Sediments in the Fayum Depression, Northern
Egypt},
Journal = {Journal of Geology},
Volume = {100},
Pages = {647-667},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds241255}
}
@article{fds241256,
Author = {I Tattersall and EL Simons and M Vuillaume Randriamanantena},
Title = {Paleopropithecus ingens G. Grandidier 1899 (Mammalia,
Primates): Proposed conservation of both generic and
specific names},
Journal = {Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature},
Volume = {49},
Pages = {55-57},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds241256}
}
@article{fds241259,
Author = {R Stanyon and J Weinberg and EL Simons and MK Izard},
Title = {A Third Karyotype for Galago demidovii suggests the
Existence of Multiple Species},
Journal = {Folia Primat},
Volume = {59},
Pages = {33-38},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds241259}
}
@article{fds313972,
Author = {EL Simons and PA Holroyd and TM Bown},
Title = {Early tertiary elephant-shrews from Egypt and the origin of
the Macroscelidea.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {88},
Series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Number = {21},
Pages = {9734-9737},
Year = {1991},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11607230},
Abstract = {Recent expeditions to the Fayum Depression, Egypt, have made
possible the discovery of mandibles and a maxilla of a new
genus and species of late Eocene elephant-shrew as well as
initial evidence of the upper dentition of the early
Oligocene taxon Metoldobotes. These fossils demonstrate that
macroscelideans underwent a significant radiation in the
Early Tertiary of Africa. Two new subfamilies are recognized
and described. These Tertiary macroscelideans are the most
primitive elephant-shrews known and indicate that previous
hypotheses of a close phylogenetic relationship between
macroscelideans and either lagomorphs, erinaceotans, or
tree-shrews are unlikely. Rather, the dental anatomy of the
Fayum macroscelideans provides evidence for a derivation of
the order from within the Condylarthra.},
Key = {fds313972}
}
@article{fds313945,
Author = {W JUNGERS and L GODFREY and E SIMONS and P CHATRATH and B
RAKOTOSAMIMANANA},
Title = {PHYLOGENETIC AND FUNCTIONAL AFFINITIES OF BABAKOTIA
(PRIMATES), A FOSSIL LEMUR FROM NORTHERN
MADAGASCAR},
Journal = {PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA},
Volume = {88},
Series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Number = {20},
Pages = {9082-9086},
Year = {1991},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1991GK67600046&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.88.20.9082},
Key = {fds313945}
}
@article{fds241252,
Author = {MK Izard and SJ Heath and Y Hayes and EL Simons},
Title = {Hematology, serum chemistry values, and rectal temperatures
of adult greater galagos (Galago garnetti and G.
crassicaudatus).},
Journal = {J Med Primatol},
Volume = {20},
Number = {3},
Pages = {117-121},
Year = {1991},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0047-2565},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1895330},
Abstract = {Hematological and serum chemistry values, as well as rectal
temperatures, were obtained from greater galagos (Galago
garnettii and G. crassicaudatus), in order to establish
normative values. No species or sex differences were found
for four hematological parameters and 15 serum chemistry
parameters. Species differences were seen in phosphate,
magnesium, cholesterol, alkaline phosphate, G-glutamyl
transferase, mean corpuscular volume and leucocyte,
neutrophil, and lymphocyte number. Significant sex
differences were observed in glucose, hemoglobin, and
hematocrit values. Species and sex differences were seen in
chloride and erythrocyte number.},
Key = {fds241252}
}
@article{fds241251,
Author = {E SIMONS and D RASMUSSEN},
Title = {THE GENERIC CLASSIFICATION OF FAYUM ANTHROPOIDEA},
Journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {12},
Number = {2},
Pages = {163-178},
Year = {1991},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1991FJ70500004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1007/BF02547579},
Key = {fds241251}
}
@article{fds31753,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {Endocranial molds of the brain of Aegyptopithecus},
Journal = {Am. J. Phys. Anth Suppl. 12},
Pages = {102},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds31753}
}
@article{fds31754,
Author = {Holroyd PA, and Simons EL},
Title = {The phyletic relationships of Azibius},
Journal = {Am. J. Phys. Anth Suppl. 12},
Pages = {94},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds31754}
}
@article{fds31755,
Author = {Rasmussen DT, and Simons EL},
Title = {The Oldest Egyptian Hyracoids (Mammalia: Pliohyracidae): New
Species of Saghatherium and Thyrohyrax from the
Fayum},
Volume = {182},
Series = {Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie
Abhandlungen},
Pages = {187-209},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds31755}
}
@article{fds241250,
Author = {M LEAKEY and R LEAKEY and J RICHTSMEIER and E SIMONS and A
WALKER},
Title = {SIMILARITIES IN AEGYPTOPITHECUS AND AFROPITHECUS FACIAL
MORPHOLOGY},
Journal = {FOLIA PRIMATOLOGICA},
Volume = {56},
Number = {2},
Pages = {65-85},
Year = {1991},
ISSN = {0015-5713},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1991FE39100001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1159/000156531},
Key = {fds241250}
}
@article{fds241247,
Author = {P GINGERICH and B SMITH and E SIMONS},
Title = {HIND LIMBS OF EOCENE BASILOSAURUS - EVIDENCE OF FEET IN
WHALES},
Journal = {SCIENCE},
Volume = {249},
Number = {4965},
Pages = {154-157},
Year = {1990},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1990DN53900031&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1126/science.249.4965.154},
Key = {fds241247}
}
@article{fds313951,
Author = {D RASMUSSEN and M GAGNON and E SIMONS},
Title = {TAXEOPODY IN THE CARPUS AND TARSUS OF OLIGOCENE
PLIOHYRACIDAE (MAMMALIA, HYRACOIDEA) AND THE PHYLETIC
POSITION OF HYRAXES},
Journal = {PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA},
Volume = {87},
Series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Number = {12},
Pages = {4688-4691},
Year = {1990},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1990DK27300059&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.87.12.4688},
Key = {fds313951}
}
@article{fds241245,
Author = {E SIMONS and L GODFREY and M VUILLAUMERANDRIAMANANTENA and P CHATRATH and M GAGNON},
Title = {DISCOVERY OF NEW GIANT SUBFOSSIL LEMURS IN THE ANKARANA
MOUNTAINS OF NORTHERN MADAGASCAR},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION},
Volume = {19},
Number = {3},
Pages = {311-319},
Year = {1990},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1990DD16300005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1016/0047-2484(90)90072-J},
Key = {fds241245}
}
@article{fds241246,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Discovery of the oldest known anthropoidean skull from the
paleogene of Egypt.},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {247},
Number = {4950},
Pages = {1567-1569},
Year = {1990},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2108499},
Abstract = {A group of primate fossils newly discovered in the Fayum
badlands of Egypt is probably of Eocene age. The site is
much older than the localities of previously known Egyptian
early Tertiary primates. These finds include a crushed
cranium that is the oldest skull found to date of a higher
primate. This skull shows four characteristics of higher
primates: a catarrhine dental formula, an ectotympanic at
the rim of the auditory bulla, a fused frontal bone, and
postorbital closure. Details of tooth structure (premolars
and molars) and a possibly unfused mandibular symphysis
resemble these parts in certain Eocene prosimians.},
Key = {fds241246}
}
@article{fds313944,
Author = {L GODFREY and E SIMONS and P CHATRATH and B RAKOTOSAMIMANANA},
Title = {A NEW FOSSIL LEMUR (BABAKOTIA, PRIMATES) FROM NORTHERN
MADAGASCAR},
Journal = {COMPTES RENDUS DE L ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES SERIE
II},
Volume = {310},
Series = {Comptes Rendus De L'Academie Des Sciences Serie
II},
Number = {1},
Pages = {81-87},
Year = {1990},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1251-8069},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1990CH42400014&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds313944}
}
@article{fds31758,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {Discovery and Conservation of the Golden Crowned Sifaka,
Propithecus tattersali, from Northeastern
Madagascar},
Series = {AAZPA Regional Conference Proceedings},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds31758}
}
@article{fds31765,
Author = {Simons EL, and Rasmussen DT},
Title = {Vertebrate paleontology of Fayum: History of research,
faunal review and future prospects},
Series = {Treatise on the Geology of Egypt},
Pages = {627-638},
Publisher = {Rotterdam, Holland: Balkema},
Editor = {R Said and CH Squires},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds31765}
}
@article{fds241248,
Author = {TM Bown and PA Holroyd and EL Simons},
Title = {A new elephant-shrew from the Fayum Depression, Egypt, and
the origin of Macroscelidea},
Journal = {J. Vert. Paleo},
Volume = {10},
Pages = {15A},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds241248}
}
@article{fds241249,
Author = {CD Tilden and PA Holroyd and EL Simons},
Title = {Phyletic affinities of Apterodon (Hyaenodontidae,
Creodonta)},
Journal = {J. Vert. Paleo},
Volume = {10},
Pages = {46A},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds241249}
}
@article{fds313961,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Description of two genera and species of late Eocene
Anthropoidea from Egypt.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {86},
Series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Number = {24},
Pages = {9956-9960},
Year = {1989},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2513576},
Abstract = {In 1987 and 1988 fossils of two previously unknown genera
and species of Egyptian early Tertiary Anthropoidea were
discovered in the Fayum Depression of Egypt. These are much
older than all other Fayum, Oligocene primates and are
believed to be Eocene in age. These genera, here named
Catopithecus and Proteopithecus, come from a new Fayum site,
L-41, and resemble Oligopithecus from the Jebel Qatrani
Formation (lower sequence) at quarry E. They are here placed
with the latter in a subfamily, Oligopithecinae, that is
ranked in the Propliopithecidae. The level of L-41 is
separated from quarry E by at least one major unconformity
and 47 m of section. Only a maxilla of Proteopithecus is
known. Its molars and premolars resemble those of later
Fayum Propliopithecus and Aegyptopithecus and do not
resemble those of Apidium and Parapithecus, all of which
come from the Jebel Qatrani Formation, upper sequence. The
type specimen of Catopithecus confirms a lower dental
formula of 2-1-2-3, as in Catarrhini. These species appear
to be the oldest primates undoubtedly related to humans.
Their dental anatomy points to a derivation of Anthropoidea
from Eocene adapids.},
Key = {fds313961}
}
@article{fds241244,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Human origins.},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {245},
Number = {4924},
Pages = {1343-1350},
Year = {1989},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2506640},
Abstract = {New discoveries combine to indicate that all the major steps
in human evolution took place in Africa. Skeletal analysis
of oldest human forbears around 3 million years ago reveal
many anatomical similarities to African Great Apes. These
and biochemical resemblances indicate a common ancestry for
humans and apes, perhaps only a few million years earlier.
Enlarged knowledge through recent recovery of skeletons of
several successive stages in the line leading to modern
peoples shows that many attributes or skills by which we
define humanity arose much more recently in time than
heretofore believed.},
Key = {fds241244}
}
@article{fds241241,
Author = {D RASMUSSEN and C TILDEN and E SIMONS},
Title = {NEW SPECIMENS OF THE GIANT CREODONT MEGISTOTHERIUM
(HYAENODONTIDAE) FROM MOGHARA, EGYPT},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY},
Volume = {70},
Number = {2},
Pages = {442-447},
Year = {1989},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0022-2372},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1989U802200035&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.2307/1381539},
Key = {fds241241}
}
@article{fds241242,
Author = {EL Simons and DT Rasmussen},
Title = {Cranial morphology of Aegyptopithecus and Tarsius and the
question of the tarsier-anthropoidean clade.},
Journal = {Am J Phys Anthropol},
Volume = {79},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-23},
Year = {1989},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2502021},
Abstract = {New crania of the Oligocene anthropoidean Aegyptopithecus
provide a test of the hypothesized tarsier-anthropoidean
clade. Three cranial characters shared by Tarsius and some
modern anthropoideans (apical interorbital septum,
postorbital septum, "perbullar" carotid pathway) were
examined. 1) An apical interorbital septum is absent in
Aegyptopithecus. A septum does occur in Galago senegalensis
(Lorisidae) and Microcebus murinus (Cheirogaleidae), so the
presence of a septum is not strong evidence favoring a
tarsiiform-anthropoidean clade. 2) In Aegyptopithecus and
other anthropoideans, the postorbital septum is formed
mainly by a periorbital flange of the zygomatic that extends
medially from the lateral orbital margin onto or near the
braincase. The postorbital plate of Tarsius is formed by
frontal and alisphenoid flanges that extend laterally from
the braincase to the zygomatic's frontal process, which is
not broader than the postorbital bars of other prosimians.
Periorbital flanges evolved in Tarsius for support or
protection of the enormous eyes, as suggested by the
occurrence of maxillary and frontal flanges that cup
portions of the eye but do not separate it from temporal
muscles. 3) The internal carotid artery of Aegyptopithecus
enters the bulla posteriorly and crosses the anteroventral
part of the promontorium. The tympanic cavity was probably
separated from the anteromedial cavity by a septum
stretching from the carotid channel to the ventrolateral
bullar wall. In Tarsius, the carotid pathway is
prepromontorial, and a septum stretches from the carotid
channel to the posteromedial bullar wall. Quantitative
analyses indicate that anterior carotid position has evolved
because of erect head posture. The cranium of Oligocene
anthropoideans thus provides no support for the hypothesized
tarsier-anthropoidean clade.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330790103},
Key = {fds241242}
}
@article{fds241240,
Author = {B KOOP and D SIEMIENIAK and J SLIGHTOM and M GOODMAN and J DUNBAR and P
WRIGHT and E SIMONS},
Title = {TARSIUS DELTA-GLOBIN AND BETA-GLOBIN GENES - CONVERSIONS,
EVOLUTION, AND SYSTEMATIC IMPLICATIONS},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY},
Volume = {264},
Number = {1},
Pages = {68-79},
Year = {1989},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0021-9258},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1989R647400014&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds241240}
}
@article{fds31770,
Author = {Wright PC and Haring DM and Izard MK and Simons
EL},
Title = {Psychological Well-Being of Nocturnal Primates in
Captivity},
Pages = {61-74},
Booktitle = {Psychological Well-Being of Captive Primates},
Publisher = {Park Ridge, New Jersey: Noyes Publ},
Editor = {E Segal},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds31770}
}
@article{fds31771,
Author = {Pereira ME and Macedonia J and Haring DM and Simons
EL},
Title = {Maintenance of Primates in Captivity for Research: The need
for Naturalistic Environments},
Pages = {40-60},
Booktitle = {Psychological Well-Being of Captive Primates},
Publisher = {Park Ridge, New Jersey: Noyes Publ},
Editor = {E Segal},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds31771}
}
@article{fds241235,
Author = {M GAGNON and E SIMONS and L GODFREY and M VUILLAUMERANDRIAMANANTANA},
Title = {PRELIMINARY-REPORT OF GIANT FOSSIL LEMUR FINDINGS IN THE
ANKARANA REGION OF MADAGASCAR},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {75},
Number = {2},
Pages = {211-211},
Year = {1988},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1988M026700094&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds241235}
}
@article{fds31777,
Author = {Simons EL, and Rumpler Y},
Title = {Eulemur - New Generic Name for Species of Lemur Other Than
Lemur catta},
Volume = {307},
Series = {Comptes Rendus De L'Academie Des Sciences Serie III-Sciences
De La Vie-Life Sciences},
Pages = {547-551},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds31777}
}
@article{fds241237,
Author = {DT Rasmussen and EL Simons},
Title = {New Oligocene hyracoids from Egypt},
Journal = {J. Vert. Paleo},
Volume = {8},
Pages = {67-83},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds241237}
}
@article{fds241238,
Author = {E SIMONS and R KAY},
Title = {NEW MATERIAL OF QATRANIA FROM EGYPT WITH COMMENTS ON THE
PHYLOGENETIC POSITION OF THE PARAPITHECIDAE (PRIMATES,
ANTHROPOIDEA)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {15},
Number = {4},
Pages = {337-347},
Year = {1988},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1988P728000004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.1350150407},
Key = {fds241238}
}
@article{fds241239,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {A new species of Propithecus (primates) from northeast
Madagascar.},
Journal = {Folia Primatol (Basel)},
Volume = {50},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {143-151},
Year = {1988},
ISSN = {0015-5713},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3148530},
Key = {fds241239}
}
@article{fds241243,
Author = {D RASMUSSEN and E SIMONS},
Title = {NEW SPECIMENS OF OLIGOPITHECUS-SAVAGEI, EARLY OLIGOCENE
PRIMATE FROM THE FAYUM, EGYPT},
Journal = {FOLIA PRIMATOLOGICA},
Volume = {51},
Number = {4},
Pages = {182-208},
Year = {1988},
ISSN = {0015-5713},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1988AP27100002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds241243}
}
@article{fds241234,
Author = {DL Gebo and EL Simons},
Title = {Morphology and locomotor adaptations of the foot in early
Oligocene anthropoids.},
Journal = {Am J Phys Anthropol},
Volume = {74},
Number = {1},
Pages = {83-101},
Year = {1987},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3120593},
Abstract = {Newly discovered foot bones of Aegyptopithecus are described
and compared to those of Apidium and Dolichocebus. Locomotor
adaptations are inferred for African early Oligocene
propliopithecids, parapithecids, and for Argentine early
Oligocene Dolichocebus. All show an anthropoid grade of
development in their foot anatomy. Tarsals of
Aegyptopithecus compare best with those of Miocene
hominoids. Apidium shares derived calcaneal features that
link it with Old World monkeys. Dolichocebus exhibits a very
generalized platyrrhine talar morphology akin to that seen
in Saimiri, Callicebus, Cebus, and Aotus. The morphology of
early Oligocene primate foot bones suggests that at least
three quite distinct groups, corresponding to three
recognized superfamilies, were present in the early
Oligocene of South America and Africa.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330740108},
Key = {fds241234}
}
@article{fds241230,
Author = {E SIMONS and D RASMUSSEN and D GEBO},
Title = {A NEW SPECIES OF PROPLIOPITHECUS FROM THE FAYUM,
EGYPT},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {73},
Number = {2},
Pages = {139-147},
Year = {1987},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1987H877100001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330730202},
Key = {fds241230}
}
@article{fds241236,
Author = {E SIMONS},
Title = {NEW FACES OF AEGYPTOPITHECUS FROM THE OLIGOCENE OF
EGYPT},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION},
Volume = {16},
Number = {3},
Pages = {273-289},
Year = {1987},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1987L801400003&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1016/0047-2484(87)90003-0},
Key = {fds241236}
}
@article{fds31781,
Author = {Wright PC and Haring DM and Simons EL and Andau
P},
Title = {Tarsiers: A conservation perspective},
Volume = {8},
Series = {Primate Conservation: The Newsletter and Journal of the
IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group},
Pages = {51-54},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds31781}
}
@article{fds31782,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {Update on the primate colony at the Duke University Primate
Center},
Volume = {8},
Series = {Primate Conservation: The Newsletter and Journ. of the
IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group},
Pages = {51},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds31782}
}
@article{fds31787,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {Protection des lémuriens Malgaches par la
captivité},
Series = {Priorités en matière de Conservation des espèces au
Madagascar. Occasional papers on the IUCN Species Survival
Commission No. 2},
Editor = {RA Mittermeier and LH Rakotovao and V Randrianasolo and EJ Sterling and D Divetre},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds31787}
}
@article{fds241227,
Author = {EL Simons and TM Bown},
Title = {New Oligocene Ptolemaiidae (Mammalia: ?Pantolesta) from the
Jebel Qatrani Formation, Fayum Depression,
Egypt},
Journal = {J. Vert. Paleo},
Volume = {7},
Pages = {311-324},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds241227}
}
@article{fds241228,
Author = {M PEREIRA and A KLEPPER and E SIMONS},
Title = {TACTICS OF CARE FOR YOUNG INFANTS BY FOREST-LIVING RUFFED
LEMURS (VARECIA-VARIEGATA-VARIEGATA) GROUND NESTS, PARKING,
AND BIPARENTAL GUARDING},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {13},
Number = {2},
Pages = {129-144},
Year = {1987},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1987K424400003&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.1350130204},
Key = {fds241228}
}
@article{fds241229,
Author = {MK Izard and EL Simons},
Title = {Lactation and interbirth interval in the Senegal galago
(Galago senegalensis moholi).},
Journal = {J Med Primatol},
Volume = {16},
Number = {5},
Pages = {323-332},
Year = {1987},
ISSN = {0047-2565},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3694668},
Abstract = {Five years of reproductive data on Galago senegalensis
moholi at the Duke University Primate Center were examined
to determine the effect of lactation on interbirth interval
and its component phases, postpartum anovulatory interval
and interval from onset of estrous cycles to conception.
Females whose infants died within 3 weeks of birth had
significantly shorter interbirth intervals and postpartum
anovulatory intervals than did females who raised their
infants until weaning.},
Key = {fds241229}
}
@article{fds241231,
Author = {DT Rasmussen and SL Olson and EL Simons},
Title = {Fossil birds from the Oligocene Jebel Qatrani Formation,
Fayum Province, Egypt},
Journal = {Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology},
Volume = {62},
Pages = {1-20},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds241231}
}
@article{fds241233,
Author = {J CHERRY and M IZARD and E SIMONS},
Title = {DESCRIPTION OF ULTRASONIC VOCALIZATIONS OF THE MOUSE LEMUR
(MICROCEBUS-MURINUS) AND THE FAT-TAILED DWARF LEMUR
(CHEIROGALEUS-MEDIUS)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {13},
Number = {2},
Pages = {181-185},
Year = {1987},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1987K424400007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.1350130208},
Key = {fds241233}
}
@article{fds241225,
Author = {J FLEAGLE and T BOWN and J OBRADOVICH and E SIMONS},
Title = {AGE OF THE EARLIEST AFRICAN ANTHROPOIDS},
Journal = {SCIENCE},
Volume = {234},
Number = {4781},
Pages = {1247-1249},
Year = {1986},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1986E983900030&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1126/science.234.4781.1247},
Key = {fds241225}
}
@article{fds241232,
Author = {E SIMONS and T BOWN and D RASMUSSEN},
Title = {DISCOVERY OF 2 ADDITIONAL PROSIMIAN PRIMATE FAMILIES
(OMOMYIDAE, LORISIDAE) IN THE AFRICAN OLIGOCENE},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION},
Volume = {15},
Number = {6},
Pages = {431-437},
Year = {1986},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1986H802900002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1016/S0047-2484(86)80026-4},
Key = {fds241232}
}
@article{fds241224,
Author = {E SIMONS},
Title = {PARAPITHECUS-GRANGERI OF THE AFRICAN OLIGOCENE - AN ARCHAIC
CATARRHINE WITHOUT LOWER INCISORS},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION},
Volume = {15},
Number = {3},
Pages = {205-213},
Year = {1986},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1986E670700006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1016/S0047-2484(86)80046-X},
Key = {fds241224}
}
@article{fds31786,
Author = {Simons EL and Bown TM and Rasmussen DT},
Title = {Discovery of Two Additional Prosimian Primate Families
(Omomyidae, Lorisidae) in the African Oligocene},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {15},
Pages = {431-437},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds31786}
}
@article{fds31796,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {Lemurs in a natural habitat in North Carolina: A crucial
step in reintroduction to the wild},
Series = {Primate Conservation: The Newsletter and Journal of the
IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group},
Pages = {60-62},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds31796}
}
@article{fds31799,
Author = {Simons EL and Scheffrahn W and Welker C and Izard MK and Stanyon R and Njuguna J},
Title = {Morphological, cytogenetic and blood group genetic findings
in different species of the genus Galago},
Series = {XIth Congr. Int. Primat. Soc. Göttingen,
Germany},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds31799}
}
@article{fds31802,
Author = {Simons EL, and Izard MK},
Title = {Management of reproduction in a breeding colony of
bushbabies},
Pages = {315-323},
Booktitle = {Primate Ecology and Conservation},
Publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press},
Editor = {Else and Lee},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds31802}
}
@article{fds31804,
Author = {Fleagle JG and Bown TM and Obradovich JD and Simons
EL},
Title = {How old are the Fayum primates?},
Pages = {3-17},
Booktitle = {Primate Evolution},
Publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press},
Editor = {In Else and Lee},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds31804}
}
@article{fds241219,
Author = {M IZARD and E SIMONS},
Title = {INFANT SURVIVAL AND LITTER SIZE IN PRIMIGRAVID AND
MULTIGRAVID GALAGOS},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {15},
Number = {1},
Pages = {27-35},
Year = {1986},
ISSN = {0047-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1986A577200004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds241219}
}
@article{fds241220,
Author = {M IZARD and E SIMONS},
Title = {ISOLATION OF FEMALES PRIOR TO PARTURITION REDUCES
NEONATAL-MORTALITY IN GALAGO},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {10},
Number = {3},
Pages = {249-255},
Year = {1986},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1986C011600004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.1350100305},
Key = {fds241220}
}
@article{fds241221,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Tarsiers Found in Fayum Quarries},
Journal = {Geotimes},
Volume = {13},
Pages = {31},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds241221}
}
@article{fds241222,
Author = {P WRIGHT and L TOYAMA and E SIMONS},
Title = {COURTSHIP AND COPULATION IN TARSIUS-BANCANUS},
Journal = {FOLIA PRIMATOLOGICA},
Volume = {46},
Number = {3},
Pages = {142-148},
Year = {1986},
ISSN = {0015-5713},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1986F221400003&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1159/000156247},
Key = {fds241222}
}
@article{fds241223,
Author = {P WRIGHT and M IZARD and E SIMONS},
Title = {REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLES IN TARSIUS-BANCANUS},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {11},
Number = {3},
Pages = {207-215},
Year = {1986},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1986E696900001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.1350110302},
Key = {fds241223}
}
@article{fds241226,
Author = {ME Pereira and EL Simons},
Title = {Sexually-differentiated responses to potential immigrant
males in semi-free-ranging ringtailed lemurs},
Journal = {Primate Report},
Volume = {14},
Pages = {113},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds241226}
}
@article{fds31808,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {Origins and characteristics of the first
hominoids},
Pages = {37-41},
Booktitle = {Ancestors: The Hard Evidence},
Publisher = {New York: Alan R. Liss},
Editor = {E Delson},
Year = {1985},
Key = {fds31808}
}
@article{fds31810,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {African origin, characteristics, and context of earliest
higher primates},
Pages = {101-106},
Booktitle = {Hominid Evolution: Past, Present and Future},
Publisher = {New York: Alan P. Liss},
Editor = {PV Tobias},
Year = {1985},
Key = {fds31810}
}
@article{fds31813,
Author = {Simons EL and Wells NA and MacPhee RDE and Burney D and Chatrath PS and Dewar R and Villaume-Randriamanantena M},
Title = {Geology of several Holocene fossil sites in
Madagascar},
Series = {Geol. Soc. Am. Annual Meeting},
Year = {1985},
Key = {fds31813}
}
@article{fds31814,
Author = {Simons EL and Wells NA and MacPhee RDE and Burney D and Chatrath PS and Dewar R and Villaume-Randriamanantena M},
Title = {Sedimentology of Ampasambazimba marsh, one of Madagascar's
best Holocene fossil deposits},
Series = {Geol. Soc. Am. Annual Meeting},
Year = {1985},
Key = {fds31814}
}
@article{fds241212,
Author = {E SIMONS and T BOWN},
Title = {AFROTARSIUS-CHATRATHI, 1ST TARSIIFORM PRIMATE (QUESTIONABLE
TARSIIDAE) FROM AFRICA},
Journal = {NATURE},
Volume = {313},
Number = {6002},
Pages = {475-477},
Year = {1985},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1985ABM1400048&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Tarsiiform primates have long been regarded as a Laurasian
group, with an extensive fossil record in the Eocene of
North America and Europe1-4 and two important but less
well-known records from Asia5,6. The only living genus is
Tarsius (Tarsiidae), whereas all of the fossil tarsier-like
primates are usually placed in the extinct family
Omomyidae3. We now report the discovery of Afrotarsius
chatrathi from early Oligocene rocks of Fayum Province,
Egypt. This is the first known tarsiiform primate from
Africa. Compared with fossil primates, the molar tooth
morphology of this diminutive prosimian is most similar to
that of the European Eocene microchoerine Pseudoloris;
however, the closest similarity is to the molars of Tarsius.
Because the phylogenetic relationships among living Tarsius
and the omomyids remain unclear7,8 and because of the
fragmentary nature of the only known specimen of this new
primate, allocation of Afrotarsius to either Omomyidae or
Tarsiidae is necessarily provisional. As we believe that its
molar teeth are more like those of Tarsius than of any
omomyids (including Pseudoloris), we tentatively assign the
new genus to the extant family Tarsiidae as its only known
fossil representative. Recovery of a Tarsius-like primate
from Africa suggests that it or its ancestors might have
been immigrants from Europe, may have been derived from an
unknown Asian stock related to the ancestry of Tarsius, or
may have originated in Africa. © 1985 Nature Publishing
Group.},
Doi = {10.1038/313475a0},
Key = {fds241212}
}
@article{fds241213,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Duke Primate Center: A home for endangered
Sifaka},
Journal = {On the Edge},
Volume = {268},
Pages = {8-11},
Year = {1985},
Key = {fds241213}
}
@article{fds241214,
Author = {E SIMONS},
Title = {DID TARSIERS ARISE IN AFRICA},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {66},
Number = {2},
Pages = {231-231},
Year = {1985},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1985ADY1200294&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds241214}
}
@article{fds241215,
Author = {D HARING and P WRIGHT and E SIMONS},
Title = {SOCIAL BEHAVIORS OF TARSIUS-SYRICHTA AND
TARSIUS-BANCANUS},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {66},
Number = {2},
Pages = {179-179},
Year = {1985},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1985ADY1200126&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds241215}
}
@article{fds241216,
Author = {F JENKINS and E SIMONS and M MCKENNA and P GINGERICH},
Title = {PRINCETON INTELLECTUAL TRUST},
Journal = {SCIENCE},
Volume = {229},
Number = {4711},
Pages = {330-330},
Year = {1985},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1985AMJ4800002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1126/science.229.4711.330-a},
Key = {fds241216}
}
@article{fds241217,
Author = {B FREED and P WRIGHT and E SIMONS},
Title = {INFANT DEVELOPMENT AND PARENTAL CARE IN LEMUR-MONGOZ AND
LEMUR-CORONATUS},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {8},
Number = {4},
Pages = {338-338},
Year = {1985},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1985AHZ3700033&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds241217}
}
@article{fds241218,
Author = {M IZARD and P WRIGHT and E SIMONS},
Title = {GESTATION LENGTH IN TARSIUS-BANCANUS},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {9},
Number = {4},
Pages = {327-331},
Year = {1985},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1985AWT3600007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.1350090408},
Key = {fds241218}
}
@article{fds31818,
Author = {Yoder AD and Simons EL and Pollock J},
Title = {Conservation at Duke University Primate Center},
Volume = {4},
Series = {IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group Newsletter},
Pages = {48-50},
Year = {1984},
Key = {fds31818}
}
@article{fds31822,
Author = {Simons EL, and Bown TM},
Title = {A New Species of Peratherium (Didelphidae, Polyprotodonta) -
the 1st African Marsupial},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalogy},
Volume = {65},
Pages = {539-548},
Year = {1984},
Key = {fds31822}
}
@article{fds241204,
Author = {TM Bown and EL Simons},
Title = {First Record of Marsupials (Metatheria, Polyprotodonta) from
the Oligocene in Africa},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {308},
Pages = {447-449},
Year = {1984},
Key = {fds241204}
}
@article{fds241205,
Author = {R MACPHEE and E SIMONS and N WELLS and M VUILLAUMERANDRIAMANANTENA},
Title = {TEAM FINDS GIANT LEMUR SKELETON},
Journal = {GEOTIMES},
Volume = {29},
Number = {1},
Pages = {10-11},
Year = {1984},
ISSN = {0016-8556},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1984SA21500007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds241205}
}
@article{fds241206,
Author = {E SIMONS},
Title = {DAWN APE OF THE FAYUM},
Journal = {NATURAL HISTORY},
Volume = {93},
Number = {5},
Pages = {18-&},
Year = {1984},
ISSN = {0028-0712},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1984SM53100002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds241206}
}
@article{fds241207,
Author = {E SIMONS and T BOWN},
Title = {A NEW SPECIES OF PERATHERIUM (DIDELPHIDAE, POLYPROTODONTA) -
THE 1ST AFRICAN MARSUPIAL},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY},
Volume = {65},
Number = {4},
Pages = {539-548},
Year = {1984},
ISSN = {0022-2372},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1984TV68400001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.2307/1380836},
Key = {fds241207}
}
@article{fds241208,
Author = {T BOWN and E SIMONS},
Title = {AFRICAN MARSUPIALS - VICARIANCE OR DISPERSION -
REPLY},
Journal = {NATURE},
Volume = {312},
Number = {5992},
Pages = {379-380},
Year = {1984},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1984TT55500061&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1038/312379b0},
Key = {fds241208}
}
@article{fds241209,
Author = {D GEBO and E SIMONS},
Title = {PUNCTURE MARKS ON EARLY AFRICAN ANTHROPOIDS},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {65},
Number = {1},
Pages = {31-35},
Year = {1984},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1984TN59400004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330650106},
Key = {fds241209}
}
@article{fds241210,
Author = {M IZARD and E SIMONS},
Title = {MANAGEMENT OF REPRODUCTION IN A BREEDING COLONY OF
BUSHBABIES},
Journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {5},
Number = {4},
Pages = {350-350},
Year = {1984},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1984SX09400117&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds241210}
}
@article{fds241211,
Author = {P WRIGHT and E SIMONS},
Title = {CALLS OF THE MINDANAO TARSIER (TARSIUS-SYRICHTA)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {63},
Number = {2},
Pages = {236-236},
Year = {1984},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1984SE46800335&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds241211}
}
@article{fds31829,
Author = {Khashab B and Simons EL and Fleagle JG},
Title = {Annotated bibliography of Egyptian vertebrate fossils up to
the end of 1980},
Volume = {65},
Series = {Min. of Industry and Mineral Resources, Geol. Surv. Egypt
Paper},
Pages = {1-111},
Year = {1983},
Key = {fds31829}
}
@article{fds31833,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {Recent advances in knowledge of the earliest catarrhines of
the Egyptian Oligocene (including the most ancient known
presumed ancestors of man)},
Volume = {S. V 50},
Pages = {11-27},
Publisher = {Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Vatican City,
Rome},
Year = {1983},
Key = {fds31833}
}
@article{fds31834,
Author = {Kay RF, and Simons EL},
Title = {A re-assessment of the relationships between later Miocene
and subsequent Hominoidea},
Series = {RL Ciochon and RS Corruchini},
Pages = {577-624},
Booktitle = {New Interpretations of Ape and Human Ancestry},
Publisher = {New York and London: Plenum Press},
Year = {1983},
Key = {fds31834}
}
@article{fds241198,
Author = {J FLEAGLE and E SIMONS},
Title = {THE TIBIO-FIBULAR ARTICULATION IN APIDIUM-PHIOMENSE, AN
OLIGOCENE ANTHROPOID},
Journal = {NATURE},
Volume = {301},
Number = {5897},
Pages = {238-239},
Year = {1983},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1983PY60100044&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1038/301238a0},
Key = {fds241198}
}
@article{fds241199,
Author = {EL Simons and RF Kay},
Title = {Qatrania, new basal anthropoid primate from the Fayum,
Oligocene of Egypt},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {304},
Number = {5927},
Pages = {624-626},
Year = {1983},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/304624a0},
Abstract = {Recent excavations in Egypt organized by the Geological
Survey of Egypt and Duke University have recovered many
fossil primate specimens, most of which come from upper
levels of the Jebel Qatrani Formation (early Oligocene)
including Aegyptopithecus, Propliopithecus, Parapithecus and
Apidium 1-3. Screening at Quarry E in lower levels of the
formation has also revealed a new small anthropoid described
as Qatrania wingi. Qatrania is a primitive member of the
Parapithecidae and possibly most closely allied to
Parapithecus fraasi. This new species is the earliest
African anthropoid known, equal in age and from the same
quarry as Oligopithecus4. Its small size and details of
molar structure point to a mainly frugivorous diet like some
extant African prosimians and South American callithrichids.
© 1983 Nature Publishing Group.},
Doi = {10.1038/304624a0},
Key = {fds241199}
}
@article{fds241200,
Author = {E SIMONS and W MEINEL},
Title = {MANDIBULAR ONTOGENY IN THE MIOCENE GREAT APE
DRYOPITHECUS},
Journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {4},
Number = {4},
Pages = {331-337},
Year = {1983},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1983RQ00600001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1007/BF02735598},
Key = {fds241200}
}
@article{fds241201,
Author = {RF Kay and EL Simons},
Title = {Dental formulae and dental eruption patterns in
Parapithecidae (Primates, Anthropoidea)},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {62},
Number = {4},
Pages = {363-375},
Year = {1983},
Key = {fds241201}
}
@article{fds241202,
Author = {MK Izard and EL Simons},
Title = {A breeding colony of bushbabies},
Journal = {Lab. Animal},
Volume = {12},
Pages = {21},
Year = {1983},
Key = {fds241202}
}
@article{fds241203,
Author = {R MACPHEE and E SIMONS},
Title = {TEAM FINDS SUBFOSSIL LEMUR},
Journal = {EARTH SCIENCE},
Volume = {36},
Number = {4},
Pages = {18-19},
Year = {1983},
ISSN = {0012-8228},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1983SH16800010&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds241203}
}
@article{fds31838,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {History of the primates: half-lemurs, sub-monkeys, monkeys
and the archaic and progressive apes},
Number = {1},
Pages = {12-39},
Booktitle = {De Evolutie van de mens},
Publisher = {Maastricht, Holland: De Evolutie van de Primaten},
Editor = {PV Dooren},
Year = {1982},
Key = {fds31838}
}
@article{fds241195,
Author = {J FLEAGLE and E SIMONS},
Title = {THE HUMERUS OF AEGYPTOPITHECUS-ZEUXIS - A PRIMITIVE
ANTHROPOID},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {59},
Number = {2},
Pages = {175-193},
Year = {1982},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1982PN02700006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330590207},
Key = {fds241195}
}
@article{fds241196,
Author = {T BOWN and M KRAUS and S WING and J FLEAGLE and B TIFFNEY and E SIMONS and C VONDRA},
Title = {THE FAYUM PRIMATE FOREST REVISITED},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION},
Volume = {11},
Number = {7},
Pages = {603-&},
Year = {1982},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1982PW82600008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1016/S0047-2484(82)80008-0},
Key = {fds241196}
}
@article{fds241197,
Author = {J FLEAGLE and E SIMONS},
Title = {SKELETAL REMAINS OF PROPLIOPITHECUS-CHIROBATES FROM THE
EGYPTIAN OLIGOCENE},
Journal = {FOLIA PRIMATOLOGICA},
Volume = {39},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {161-177},
Year = {1982},
ISSN = {0015-5713},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1982QA58500001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1159/000156075},
Key = {fds241197}
}
@article{fds31843,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {Mans Immediate Forerunners},
Volume = {292},
Series = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
Series B-Biological Sciences},
Pages = {21-41},
Year = {1981},
Key = {fds31843}
}
@article{fds31844,
Author = {Simons EL, and Kay RF},
Title = {Apidium and Parapithecus},
Series = {McGraw Hill Yearbk. Sci. and Tech},
Pages = {103-105},
Editor = {S Parker},
Year = {1981},
Key = {fds31844}
}
@article{fds31845,
Author = {Simons EL, and Kay RF},
Title = {Aegyptopithecus and Propliopithecus},
Series = {McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. and Tech},
Pages = {77-80},
Editor = {S Parker},
Year = {1981},
Key = {fds31845}
}
@article{fds241191,
Author = {RF Kay and JG Fleagle and EL Simons},
Title = {A revision of the oligocene apes of the Fayum province,
Egypt},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {55},
Number = {3},
Pages = {293-322},
Year = {1981},
Abstract = {Three years of yield excavations in the Oligocene strata of
the Fayum Province, Egypt, have yielded more than two dozen
new jaws and teeth of fossil apes. This material contributes
significantly to our understanding of catarrhine systematics
and phylogeny. Here we present a systematic revision of the
earliest apes and discuss their relationship with Miocene
forms. Two ape species have been recovered from Quarries I
and M in the Upper Fossil Wood zone of the Jebel el Qatrani
Formation, Aegyptopithecus zeuxis and Propliopithecus
(=Aeolopithecus) chirobates. Female Propliopithecus
chirobates have small canines which somewhat resemble those
of the enigmatic Propliopithecus haeckeli, but have a
longer, narrower P3 than the latter. No specimens of either
P. haeckeli or Moeripithecus markgrafi have been found in
the Upper Fossil Wood zone after ten field seasons,
suggesting that these species may occur only lower in the
section. Aegyptopithecus and Propliopithecus have no shared
derived features that exclude them from the ancestry either
of Old World monkeys or apes. Thus, Aegyptopithecus, the
better known form, is suitably primitive to have been the
ancestor of all later Old World monkeys and apes (and
hominids). The possibility of a separate gibbon or hominid
lineage going back to the Oligocene is unlikely on present
evidence.},
Key = {fds241191}
}
@article{fds241192,
Author = {M CARTMILL and R MACPHEE and E SIMONS},
Title = {ANATOMY OF THE TEMPORAL BONE IN EARLY ANTHROPOIDS, WITH
REMARKS ON THE PROBLEM OF ANTHROPOID ORIGINS},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {56},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3-21},
Year = {1981},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1981MJ90700001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds241192}
}
@article{fds241193,
Author = {EL Simons and HH Covert},
Title = {Paleoprimatological research of the last fifty years--foci
and trends},
Journal = {Am. J. Phys. Anthrop},
Volume = {56},
Pages = {373-382},
Year = {1981},
Key = {fds241193}
}
@article{fds241194,
Author = {W Leutenegger and JG Fleagle and RF Kay and EL
Simons},
Title = {Sexual dimorphism in early anthropoids},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {290},
Number = {5807},
Pages = {609-},
Year = {1981},
Key = {fds241194}
}
@article{fds313950,
Author = {RF Kay and EL Simons},
Title = {Comments on the adaptive strategy of the first African
anthropoids.},
Journal = {Zeitschrift fur Morphologie und Anthropologie},
Volume = {71},
Series = {Proc. VII'th Cong. Int. Primat. Soc., Bangalore, India,
Zeitschrift f. Morph. u},
Number = {2},
Pages = {143-148},
Year = {1980},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0044-314X},
Key = {fds313950}
}
@article{fds31846,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {Origine du genre Homo à partir d'Australopithecus, de
Ramapithecus, ou d'une forme encore inconnue},
Journal = {Les processus de l'hominisation},
Volume = {599},
Series = {Colloque international, CNRS, France},
Pages = {1-310},
Year = {1980},
Key = {fds31846}
}
@article{fds241188,
Author = {E SIMONS and R KAY},
Title = {DAWN APE PROVIDES CLUE TO SOCIAL-LIFE},
Journal = {GEOTIMES},
Volume = {25},
Number = {5},
Pages = {18-18},
Year = {1980},
ISSN = {0016-8556},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1980JQ66200006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds241188}
}
@article{fds241189,
Author = {R EAGLEN and E SIMONS},
Title = {NOTES ON THE BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THICK-TAILED AND SILVERY
GALAGOS IN CAPTIVITY},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY},
Volume = {61},
Number = {3},
Pages = {534-537},
Year = {1980},
ISSN = {0022-2372},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1980KF62500015&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.2307/1379848},
Key = {fds241189}
}
@article{fds241190,
Author = {JG Fleagle and RF Kay and EL Simons},
Title = {Sexual dimorphism in early anthropoids},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {287},
Number = {5780},
Pages = {328-330},
Year = {1980},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/287328a0},
Abstract = {Sexual dimorphism in canine/premolar tooth size and in body
size is found among many species of living primates and has
been shown to be correlated with social organization. Among
extant higher primate species that normally live in nuclear
families consisting of a mated pair with their offspring,
adult males and females are similar in body size and in the
size of canine and anterior premolar teeth. In contrast,
higher primate species living in more 'complex' polygynous
groups (either single-male harems or multi-male groups) are
characterized by sexual dimorphism in the size of
canine/premolar teeth and frequently by body size dimorphism
as well1-4. We provide here the first evidence for sexual
dimorphism in three species of primates from the Oligocene
of Egypt - Aegyptopiihecus zeuxis, Propliopithecus
chirobates, and Apidium phiomense. This is the earliest
record of sexual dimorphism among higher primates and
suggests, by analogy with living species, that the earliest
known fossil Old World anthropoids lived in polygynous
(either single-male harems or multi-male groups) rather than
monogamous social groups. © 1980 Nature Publishing
Group.},
Doi = {10.1038/287328a0},
Key = {fds241190}
}
@article{fds313986,
Author = {RF Kay and EL Simons},
Title = {The ecology of Oligocene African Anthropoidea},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {1},
Number = {1},
Pages = {21-37},
Year = {1980},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02692256},
Abstract = {African anthropoids are first recorded in Early Oligocene
deposits of the Fayum Province, Egypt. Six genera and nine
species are recognized. Estimated body weights for these
taxa are based on the regression equation log 10(B) = 2.86
log 10(L) + 1.37, where B is the body weight in grams, and L
is the M 2 length in millimeters. The equation is derived
from 106 species of living primates. Fayum species range in
body weight from about 600 g (Apidium moustafai)to about
6000 g (Aegyptopithecus zeuxis). A similar range of body
weight is found among extant Cebidae. The Fayum primates are
larger than any extant insectivorous primates;this fact
probably rules out a predominantly insectivorous diet.
Extant frugivorous hominoids can be separated from
folivorous hominoids on the basis of molar morphology.
Folivorous apes (gorilla and siamang) have proportionately
more shearing on their molars than do frugivorous species.
Based on the hominoid analogy, the molar morphology of the
Fayum species is consistent with a frugivorous diet.
Parapithecus grangeri stands apart from other Fayum species
in having better developed molar shearing, possibly
indicating that it had more fiber in its diet. Terrestrial
species of Old World monkeys tend to have significantly
higher molar crowns than do more arboreal species. This
difference may relate to an increased amount of grit in the
diet of the more terrestrial species, selecting for greater
resistance to wear. Oligocene primates have molar crown
heights consistent with a primarily arboreal mode of
existence. However, the particularly high molar crowns of
Parapithecus grangeri suggest that this species may have
foraged on the ground to a considerable degree. Other
evidence is advanced suggesting that Apidium may have had a
diurnal activity pattern. © 1980 Plenum Publishing
Corporation.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF02692256},
Key = {fds313986}
}
@article{fds31854,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {L'origine des hominidés},
Volume = {10},
Pages = {260-267},
Publisher = {La Recherche, Paris},
Year = {1979},
Key = {fds31854}
}
@article{fds241185,
Author = {J FLEAGLE and E SIMONS},
Title = {ANATOMY OF THE BONY PELVIS IN PARAPITHECID
PRIMATES},
Journal = {FOLIA PRIMATOLOGICA},
Volume = {31},
Number = {3},
Pages = {176-186},
Year = {1979},
ISSN = {0015-5713},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1979HH77100002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1159/000155882},
Key = {fds241185}
}
@article{fds241186,
Author = {A ROMEROHERRERA and N LIESKA and M GOODMAN and E
SIMONS},
Title = {USE OF AMINO-ACID SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS IN ASSESSING
EVOLUTION},
Journal = {BIOCHIMIE},
Volume = {61},
Number = {7},
Pages = {767-779},
Year = {1979},
ISSN = {0300-9084},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1979HS77500005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1016/S0300-9084(79)80271-0},
Key = {fds241186}
}
@article{fds241187,
Author = {R KAY and E SIMONS},
Title = {ECOLOGY OF OLIGOCENE AFRICAN ANTHROPOIDEA},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {50},
Number = {3},
Pages = {453-453},
Year = {1979},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1979GM16600156&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds241187}
}
@article{fds31857,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {Diversity among the early hominids: A vertebrate
paleontologist's viewpoint},
Pages = {543-566},
Booktitle = {Early Hominids of Africa},
Publisher = {New York: St. Martin's Press},
Editor = {CJ Jolly},
Year = {1978},
Key = {fds31857}
}
@article{fds31859,
Author = {Simons EL, and Pilbeam DR},
Title = {Ramapithecus (Hominidae, Hominoidea)},
Pages = {147-153},
Publisher = {Cambridge: Harvard University Press},
Editor = {VJ Maglio and HBS Cooke},
Year = {1978},
Key = {fds31859}
}
@article{fds31860,
Author = {Simons EL and Andrews P and Pilbeam DR},
Title = {Chapter 8. Cenozoic Apes},
Pages = {120-146},
Booktitle = {Evolution of African Mammals},
Publisher = {Cambridge: Harvard University Press},
Editor = {VJ Maglio and HBS Cooke},
Year = {1978},
Key = {fds31860}
}
@article{fds31861,
Author = {Simons EL, and Delson E},
Title = {Chapter 7. Cercopithecidae and Parapithecidae},
Pages = {100-119},
Booktitle = {Evolution of African Mammals},
Publisher = {Cambridge: Harvard University Press},
Editor = {VJ Maglio and HBS Cooke},
Year = {1978},
Key = {fds31861}
}
@article{fds241182,
Author = {KD Rose and TM Bown and EL Simons},
Title = {Alocodontulum, a New Name for Alocodon},
Journal = {Journal of Paleontology},
Volume = {52},
Pages = {1162-1162},
Year = {1978},
Key = {fds241182}
}
@article{fds241183,
Author = {J FLEAGLE and E SIMONS},
Title = {MICROPITHECUS-CLARKI, A SMALL APE FROM MIOCENE OF
UGANDA},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {49},
Number = {4},
Pages = {427-440},
Year = {1978},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1978FT11800001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330490402},
Key = {fds241183}
}
@article{fds241184,
Author = {J FLEAGLE and E SIMONS},
Title = {HUMERAL MORPHOLOGY OF EARLIEST APES},
Journal = {NATURE},
Volume = {276},
Number = {5689},
Pages = {705-707},
Year = {1978},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1978GA01600040&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1038/276705a0},
Key = {fds241184}
}
@article{fds313954,
Author = {P Andrews and E Simons},
Title = {A new Arican miocene gibbon-like genus, Dendropithecus
(hominoidea, primates) with distinctive postcranial
adaptations: its significance to origin of
hylobatidae.},
Journal = {Folia primatologica; international journal of
primatology},
Volume = {28},
Number = {3},
Pages = {161-169},
Year = {1977},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0015-5713},
Abstract = {The small, common apes of the Miocene deposits of East
Africa previously assigned to two species of one genus,
Limnopithecus, have been shown to differ at the generic
level in both dental and postcranial features. The prior and
smaller of the two species (the genotype of Limnopithecus)
somewhat resembles in dental morphology African
dryopithecines of subgenus Proconsul, while the larger and
later described species more nearly resembles European
Pliopithecus in dental details but is strikingly different
from the latter in comparable postcranial bones. A new
genus, Dendropithecus, is here proposed for Limnopithecus
macinnesi Clark and Leakey, 1950. Numerous associated
postcranial bones and dentitions of Dendropithecus macinnesi
were found in a block of red limestone by L.S.B. Leakey in
1948 on Rusinga Island, Lake Victoria, Kenya. These bones
make it one of the best known Miocene apes and show clearly
that it had advanced away from other Miocene apes in its
higher degree of development of suspensory or arm swinging
postcranial adaptations. Thus, among known Miocene ape
species it has the greatest demonstrated potential to be
near the line of ancestry of the modern gibbon and
siamang.},
Key = {fds313954}
}
@article{fds31863,
Author = {Gingerich PD, and Simons EL},
Title = {Systematics, phylogeny, and evolution of early Eocene
Adapidae (Mammalia, Primates) in North America},
Volume = {24},
Series = {Contrib. Mus. Paleont., Univ. Michigan},
Pages = {245-279},
Year = {1977},
Key = {fds31863}
}
@article{fds31866,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {The fossil record of primate phylogeny},
Pages = {35-62},
Booktitle = {Molecular Anthropology},
Publisher = {New York: Plenum Press},
Editor = {M Goodman and R Tashian},
Year = {1977},
Key = {fds31866}
}
@article{fds31867,
Author = {Rose KD, and Simons EL},
Title = {Dental function in the Plagiomenidae: Origin and
relationship of the mammalian order Dermoptera},
Volume = {24},
Series = {Contrib. Mus. Paleont., Univ. of Michigan},
Pages = {221-236},
Year = {1977},
Key = {fds31867}
}
@article{fds241180,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Ramapithecus},
Journal = {Scientific American},
Volume = {236},
Pages = {28-35},
Year = {1977},
Key = {fds241180}
}
@article{fds241181,
Author = {KD Rose and TM Bown and EL Simons},
Title = {An unusual new mammal from the early Eocene of
Wyoming},
Journal = {Postilla},
Volume = {172},
Pages = {1-12},
Year = {1977},
Key = {fds241181}
}
@article{fds31862,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {Relationships between Dryopithecus, Sivapithecus and
Ramapithecus and their bearing on hominid
origins},
Series = {Les plus anciens hominidés, Proceedings of the IX Congrès
International des Sciences Préhistoriques et
Protohistoriques, Nice},
Year = {1976},
Month = {September},
Key = {fds31862}
}
@article{fds31869,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {Primate radiations and the origins of hominoids},
Pages = {383-391},
Booktitle = {Evolution of the Nervous System and Behavior},
Publisher = {Washington, D.C: V. H. Winston and Sons,
Inc},
Editor = {RB Masterson},
Year = {1976},
Key = {fds31869}
}
@article{fds241178,
Author = {EL Simons and PD Gingerich},
Title = {A new species of Apterodon (Mammalia, Creodonta) from the
upper Eocene Qasr el-Sagha formation of Egypt},
Journal = {Postilla},
Volume = {168},
Pages = {9},
Year = {1976},
Key = {fds241178}
}
@article{fds241179,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {The nature of the transition in the dental mechanism from
pongids to hominids},
Journal = {Journ. Human Evol},
Volume = {5},
Pages = {511-528},
Year = {1976},
Key = {fds241179}
}
@article{fds241176,
Author = {JG Fleagle and EL Simons and GC Conroy},
Title = {Ape limb bone from the Oligocene of Egypt},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {189},
Pages = {135-137},
Year = {1975},
Key = {fds241176}
}
@article{fds241177,
Author = {GC Conroy and JH Schwartz and EL Simons},
Title = {Dental eruption patterns in Parapithecidae (Primates,
Anthropoidea)},
Journal = {Folia Primatologica},
Volume = {24},
Pages = {275-281},
Year = {1975},
Key = {fds241177}
}
@article{fds31874,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {Notes on early Tertiary prosimians},
Pages = {415-433},
Booktitle = {Prosimian Biology},
Publisher = {London: Duckworth},
Editor = {RD Martin and GA Doyle and A Walker},
Year = {1974},
Key = {fds31874}
}
@article{fds241173,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {The relationships of Aegyptopithecus to other
primates},
Journal = {Ann. Geol. Surv. Egypt},
Volume = {4},
Pages = {149-156},
Year = {1974},
Key = {fds241173}
}
@article{fds241174,
Author = {EL Simons and PD Gingerich},
Title = {New carnivorous mammals from the Oligocene of
Egypt},
Journal = {Ann. Geol. Surv. Egypt},
Volume = {4},
Pages = {157-166},
Year = {1974},
Key = {fds241174}
}
@article{fds241175,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Parapithecus grangeri (Parapithecidae, Old World Higher
Primates): New species from the Oligocene of Egypt and the
initial differentiation of Cercopithecoidea},
Journal = {Postilla},
Volume = {166},
Pages = {1-12},
Year = {1974},
Key = {fds241175}
}
@article{fds31877,
Author = {Simons EL, and Fleagle J},
Title = {The history of extinct gibbon-like primates},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {121-148},
Booktitle = {Gibbon and Siamang},
Publisher = {Basel and New York: S. Karger},
Editor = {DM Rumbaugh},
Year = {1973},
Key = {fds31877}
}
@article{fds31878,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {Primate Evolution: An Introduction to Man's Place in
Nature},
Publisher = {NY: MacMillan Company},
Year = {1972},
Key = {fds31878}
}
@article{fds31879,
Author = {Simons EL, and D. R. Pilbeam},
Title = {Hominoid paleoprimatology},
Pages = {24-27},
Booktitle = {The Functional and Evolutionary Biology of
Primates},
Publisher = {Chicago: Aldine Press},
Editor = {R Tuttle},
Year = {1972},
Key = {fds31879}
}
@article{fds31890,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {Primates, fossil: Gigantopithecus},
Series = {McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology},
Pages = {347-348},
Publisher = {New York: McGraw-Hill},
Editor = {DN Lapedes},
Year = {1971},
Key = {fds31890}
}
@article{fds31891,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {Tertiary Period: Encyclopedia Americana},
Pages = {524-576},
Year = {1971},
Key = {fds31891}
}
@article{fds31894,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {Prehuman primates: Anthropology Today},
Pages = {148-161},
Publisher = {Del Mar, California: CRM Books},
Year = {1971},
Key = {fds31894}
}
@article{fds31895,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {A current review of the interrelationships of Oligocene and
Miocene Catarrhini},
Pages = {193-208},
Booktitle = {Dental Morphology and Evolution},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Editor = {AA Dahlberg},
Year = {1971},
Key = {fds31895}
}
@article{fds241168,
Author = {DR Pilbeam and EL Simons},
Title = {Humerus of Dryopithecus from Saint Gaudens,
France},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {229},
Number = {5284},
Pages = {406-407},
Year = {1971},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/229406a0},
Doi = {10.1038/229406a0},
Key = {fds241168}
}
@article{fds241169,
Author = {EL Simons and DR Pilbeam and SJ Boyer},
Title = {Appearance of Hipparion in the Tertiary of the Siwalik Hills
of north India, Kashmir and west Pakistan},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {229},
Pages = {408-409},
Year = {1971},
Key = {fds241169}
}
@article{fds241170,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Relationships of Amphipithecus and Oligopithecus},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {232},
Pages = {489-491},
Year = {1971},
Key = {fds241170}
}
@article{fds241171,
Author = {EL Simons and DR Pilbeam},
Title = {A gorilla-sized ape from the Miocene of India},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {173},
Pages = {23-37},
Year = {1971},
Key = {fds241171}
}
@article{fds241172,
Author = {EL Simons and IM Tattersall},
Title = {Origin of the family of Man},
Journal = {Ventures},
Pages = {47-55},
Year = {1971},
Key = {fds241172}
}
@article{fds31896,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {The deployment and history of Old World monkeys
(Cercopithecidae, Primates)},
Pages = {99-138},
Booktitle = {Old World Monkeys: Evolution, Systematics, and
Behavior},
Publisher = {New York: Academic Press},
Editor = {JF Napier and RP Napier},
Year = {1970},
Key = {fds31896}
}
@article{fds241167,
Author = {EL Simons and PC Ettel},
Title = {Gigantopithecus},
Journal = {Scientific American},
Volume = {222},
Pages = {76-85},
Year = {1970},
Key = {fds241167}
}
@article{fds31898,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {The origin and radiation of the Primates},
Volume = {167},
Series = {Ann. New York Acad. Sci},
Pages = {319-331},
Year = {1969},
Key = {fds31898}
}
@article{fds31901,
Author = {Simons EL, and Chopra SRK},
Title = {A preliminary announcement of a new Gigantopithecus species
from India},
Volume = {2},
Series = {Proc. 2nd Int. Cong. Primat},
Pages = {135-43},
Year = {1969},
Key = {fds31901}
}
@article{fds31906,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {In pursuit of man's pedigree},
Series = {Yale Alumni Mag},
Pages = {24-27},
Year = {1969},
Key = {fds31906}
}
@article{fds241159,
Author = {IM Tattersall and EL Simons},
Title = {Notes on some little-known primates from
India},
Journal = {Folia Primatologica},
Volume = {10},
Pages = {146-153},
Year = {1969},
Key = {fds241159}
}
@article{fds241160,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Late Miocene hominid from Fort Ternan, Kenya},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {211},
Pages = {448-451},
Year = {1969},
Key = {fds241160}
}
@article{fds241161,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Doctor Leakey and the Dawn of Man},
Journal = {American Anthropologist},
Volume = {77},
Pages = {577-578},
Year = {1969},
Key = {fds241161}
}
@article{fds241162,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Recent Advances in Paleoanthroplogy},
Journal = {Yearbook of Physical Anthropology},
Year = {1969},
Key = {fds241162}
}
@article{fds241163,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Miocene monkey (Prohylobates) from northern
Egypt},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {223},
Pages = {687-689},
Year = {1969},
Key = {fds241163}
}
@article{fds241165,
Author = {EL Simons and SRK Chopra},
Title = {Gigantopithecus (Pongidae, Hominoidea) A new species from
North India},
Journal = {Postilla},
Volume = {138},
Pages = {18 pages},
Year = {1969},
Key = {fds241165}
}
@article{fds241166,
Author = {EL Simons and DR Pilbeam and PC Ettel},
Title = {Controversial taxonomy of fossil hominids},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {166},
Pages = {258-259},
Year = {1969},
Key = {fds241166}
}
@article{fds31910,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {Gigantopithecus in India},
Series = {Newsletter, Yerkes Reg. Primate Res. Cent},
Pages = {14-18},
Publisher = {Emory University},
Year = {1968},
Key = {fds31910}
}
@article{fds31912,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {Early Cenozoic mammalian faunas, Fayum Province, Egypt; Part
I. African Oligocene Mammals: Introduction, history of study
and faunal succession, pp. 1-21},
Volume = {28},
Series = {Bulletin, Peabody Museum},
Pages = {1-105},
Year = {1968},
Key = {fds31912}
}
@article{fds31913,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {On the mandible of Ramapithecus},
Pages = {139-149},
Booktitle = {Evolution and Hominization, Second Edition},
Publisher = {Stuttgart: Fischer},
Editor = {G Kurth},
Year = {1968},
Key = {fds31913}
}
@article{fds31914,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {New Fossil Primates: A review},
Year = {1968},
Key = {fds31914}
}
@article{fds31916,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {Primate evolution: International Encyclopedia of the Social
Sciences},
Pages = {210-215},
Publisher = {New York: MacMillan Co},
Year = {1968},
Key = {fds31916}
}
@article{fds241156,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {A source for dental comparison of Ramapithecus with
Australopithecus and Homo},
Journal = {S. Af. Joun. Sci},
Volume = {64},
Pages = {92-112},
Year = {1968},
Key = {fds241156}
}
@article{fds241157,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Assessment of a Fossil Hominid (review)},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {160},
Pages = {672-675},
Year = {1968},
Key = {fds241157}
}
@article{fds241158,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Hunting the "Dawn Apes" of Africa},
Journal = {Discovery},
Volume = {4},
Pages = {19-32},
Year = {1968},
Key = {fds241158}
}
@article{fds31918,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {New evidence on the anatomy of earliest Catarrhine
primates},
Series = {Neue Ergebnisse der Primatologie: Progress in
Primatology},
Pages = {15-18},
Publisher = {Stuttgart: Fischer},
Editor = {RS D. Starck and H.J. Kuhn},
Year = {1967},
Key = {fds31918}
}
@article{fds31919,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {Review of the phyletic interrelationships of Oligocene and
Miocene Old World Anthropoidea},
Journal = {Problèmes actuels de Paléontologie (Evolution des
vertébrés)},
Volume = {163},
Series = {Colloques Internationaux du Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique, Paris},
Pages = {597-602},
Year = {1967},
Key = {fds31919}
}
@article{fds241150,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Unraveling the age of earth and man},
Journal = {Natural History},
Pages = {53-59},
Year = {1967},
Key = {fds241150}
}
@article{fds241151,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Fossil primates and the evolution of some primate locomotor
systems},
Journal = {Am. J. Phys. Anth},
Volume = {26},
Pages = {241-253},
Year = {1967},
Key = {fds241151}
}
@article{fds241152,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {A fossil Colobus skull from the Sudan (Primates,
Cercopithecidae)},
Journal = {Postilla},
Volume = {111},
Pages = {1-12},
Year = {1967},
Key = {fds241152}
}
@article{fds241153,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Order Primates, Order Pantodonta},
Journal = {The Fossil Record},
Pages = {763-787},
Year = {1967},
Key = {fds241153}
}
@article{fds241154,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {The significance of primate paleontology for anthropological
studies},
Journal = {Am. J. Phys. Anth},
Volume = {27},
Pages = {307-332},
Year = {1967},
Key = {fds241154}
}
@article{fds241155,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {The earliest apes},
Journal = {Scientific American},
Volume = {217},
Pages = {28-35},
Year = {1967},
Key = {fds241155}
}
@article{fds241149,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {In search of the missing link},
Journal = {Discovery},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {24-30},
Publisher = {Yale Peabody Museum},
Year = {1966},
Key = {fds241149}
}
@article{fds313953,
Author = {EL SIMONS},
Title = {NEW FOSSIL APES FROM EGYPT AND THE INITIAL DIFFERENTIATION
OF HOMINOIDEA.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {205},
Pages = {135-139},
Year = {1965},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/205135a0},
Doi = {10.1038/205135a0},
Key = {fds313953}
}
@article{fds31929,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {Symposium Remarks on Pongid and Hominid Evolution},
Series = {The Origin of Man, A Symposium},
Pages = {43-45, 65, 68},
Publisher = {New York: The Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological
Research, Inc},
Editor = {PLD Vore},
Year = {1965},
Key = {fds31929}
}
@article{fds241146,
Author = {EL Simons and DR Pilbeam},
Title = {Preliminary revision of Dryopithecinae (Pongidae,
Anthropoidea)},
Journal = {Folia Primat},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {81-152},
Year = {1965},
Key = {fds241146}
}
@article{fds241147,
Author = {EL Simons and DR Pilbeam},
Title = {Some problems of hominid classification},
Journal = {Am. Sci},
Volume = {53},
Pages = {237-259},
Year = {1965},
Key = {fds241147}
}
@article{fds241148,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {The hunt for Darwin's third ape},
Journal = {Medical Opinion and Review},
Pages = {74-81},
Year = {1965},
Key = {fds241148}
}
@article{fds313955,
Author = {EL Simons and DR Pilbeam},
Title = {PRELIMINARY REVISION OF THE DRYOPITHECINAE (PONGIDAE,
ANTHROPOIDEA) (Part 4 of 4)},
Journal = {Folia Primatologica},
Volume = {3},
Number = {2-3},
Pages = {135-152},
Year = {1965},
ISSN = {0015-5713},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000317608},
Doi = {10.1159/000317608},
Key = {fds313955}
}
@article{fds241141,
Author = {EL Simons and HL Alexander},
Title = {Age of the Shasta ground sloth from Aden Crater, New
Mexico},
Journal = {American Antiquity},
Volume = {29},
Pages = {390-391},
Year = {1964},
Key = {fds241141}
}
@article{fds241142,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {On the mandible of Ramapithecus},
Journal = {Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci},
Volume = {51},
Pages = {528-535},
Year = {1964},
Key = {fds241142}
}
@article{fds241143,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Book Review: Old World Higher Primates: Classification and
Taxonomy},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {144},
Number = {3619},
Pages = {709-710},
Year = {1964},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.144.3619.709},
Doi = {10.1126/science.144.3619.709},
Key = {fds241143}
}
@article{fds241144,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {The early relatives of man},
Journal = {Scientific American},
Volume = {211},
Pages = {50-62},
Year = {1964},
Key = {fds241144}
}
@article{fds241145,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Book Review: The Geology of Egypt},
Journal = {American Journal of Science},
Volume = {262},
Pages = {1237-1238},
Year = {1964},
Key = {fds241145}
}
@article{fds31940,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {A critical reappraisal of Tertiary primates},
Pages = {65-129},
Booktitle = {Genetic and Evolutionary Biology of the Primates},
Publisher = {New York: Academic Press},
Editor = {J Buettner-Janusch},
Year = {1963},
Key = {fds31940}
}
@article{fds241138,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {David Baldwin, O.C. Marsh, and the discovery of the first
continental Paleocene faunas of the New World},
Journal = {Postilla},
Volume = {75},
Pages = {1-11},
Year = {1963},
Key = {fds241138}
}
@article{fds241139,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Some Fallacies in the Study of Hominid Phylogeny},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {141},
Pages = {879-889},
Year = {1963},
Key = {fds241139}
}
@article{fds241140,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {The Yale Collection of Fossil Primates. A brief survey of an
extensive and world famous collection at Peabody
Museum},
Journal = {Yale Scientific Magazine},
Pages = {22-23},
Year = {1963},
Key = {fds241140}
}
@article{fds31944,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {A new Eocene primate, Cantius, and a revision of some allied
European lemuroids},
Volume = {7},
Series = {Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Geol. Ser},
Pages = {1-36},
Year = {1962},
Key = {fds31944}
}
@article{fds241135,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {An expedition to the Egyptian desert},
Journal = {Yale Scientific Magazine},
Pages = {1-4},
Year = {1962},
Key = {fds241135}
}
@article{fds241136,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Two new primate species from the African
Oligocene},
Journal = {Postilla},
Volume = {64},
Pages = {1-12},
Year = {1962},
Key = {fds241136}
}
@article{fds241137,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Fossil evidence relating to the early evolution of primate
behavior},
Journal = {Ann. New York Acad. Sci},
Volume = {102},
Pages = {282-294},
Year = {1962},
Key = {fds241137}
}
@article{fds241164,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Primates (Comparative Anatomy and Taxonomy), Vol. V:
Cebidae, part B by W.C. Osman Hill},
Journal = {American Scientist},
Volume = {51},
Pages = {207A-207B},
Year = {1962},
Key = {fds241164}
}
@article{fds31948,
Author = {Simons EL},
Title = {Notes on Eocene tarsioids and a revision of some
Necrolemurinae},
Volume = {5},
Series = {Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Geol. Ser},
Pages = {45-69},
Year = {1961},
Key = {fds31948}
}
@article{fds241132,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {An anthropoid mandible from the Oligocene Fayum beds of
Egypt},
Journal = {Am. Mus. Novitates},
Volume = {2051},
Pages = {1-5},
Year = {1961},
Key = {fds241132}
}
@article{fds241133,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {The dentition of Ourayia. Its bearing on relationships of
omomyid prosimians},
Journal = {Postilla},
Volume = {54},
Pages = {1.-20.},
Year = {1961},
Key = {fds241133}
}
@article{fds241134,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {The phyletic position of Ramapithecus},
Journal = {Postilla},
Volume = {57},
Pages = {1-9},
Year = {1961},
Key = {fds241134}
}
@article{fds241127,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Apidium and Oreopithecus},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {186},
Pages = {824-826},
Year = {1960},
Key = {fds241127}
}
@article{fds241128,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {New fossil primates: a review of the past
decade},
Journal = {American Scientist},
Volume = {48},
Pages = {179-192},
Year = {1960},
Key = {fds241128}
}
@article{fds241129,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {The Paleocene Pantodonta},
Journal = {Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. (N.S.)},
Volume = {50},
Pages = {1-99},
Year = {1960},
Key = {fds241129}
}
@article{fds241131,
Author = {EL Simons and DE Russell},
Title = {Notes on the cranial anatomy of Necrolemur},
Journal = {Breviora},
Volume = {127},
Pages = {1-14},
Year = {1960},
Key = {fds241131}
}
@article{fds241126,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {An anthropoid frontal bone from the Fayum Oligocene of
Egypt: the oldest skull fragment of a higher
primate},
Journal = {Am. Mus. Novitates},
Volume = {1976},
Pages = {1-16},
Year = {1959},
Key = {fds241126}
}
@article{fds241130,
Author = {EL Simons},
Title = {Book Review: Mankind in the Making (The Story of Human
Evolution) by William Howells},
Journal = {American Scientist},
Volume = {48},
Pages = {405A},
Year = {1959},
Key = {fds241130}
}
@article{fds241125,
Author = {B Patterson and EL Simons},
Title = {A new barylambdid pantodont from the late
Paleocene},
Journal = {Breviora},
Volume = {93},
Pages = {1-8},
Year = {1958},
Key = {fds241125}
}
@article{fds185143,
Title = {Seiffert E.R., Simons E.L., & Attia Y. (2003) Fossil
evidence for an ancient divergence of lorises and galagos.
Nature 422: 421-424. PDF
Simons E.L. (2001) The cranium of Parapithecus
grangeri, an Egyptian Oligocene anthropoidean primate. Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 98: 7892-7897.
Simons E.L., Seiffert E.R., Chatrath P.S., &
Attia Y. (2001) Earliest record of a parapithecid anthropoid
from the Jebel Qatrani Formation, northern Egypt. Folia
Primatol. 72: 316-331.
Seiffert E.R. & Simons E.L. (2001) Astragalar
morphology of late Eocene anthropoids from the Fayum
Depression (Egypt) and the origin of catarrhine primates. J.
Hum. Evol. 41: 577-605.
Seiffert E.R., Simons E.L., & Fleagle J.G.
(2000) Anthropoid humeri from the late Eocene of Egypt.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 97: 10062-10067.
Simons E.L. & Seiffert E.R.
(1999) A partial skeleton of Proteopithecus sylviae
(Primates, Anthropoidea): First associated dental and
postcranial remains of an Eocene anthropoidean. C. R. Acad.
Sci. II 329: 921-927.
Simons E.L., Plavcan J.M., & Fleagle J.G.
(1999) Canine sexual dimorphism in Egyptian Eocene
anthropoid primates: Catopithecus and Proteopithecus. Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 96: 2559-2562.
Simons E.L. (1998) The prosimian fauna of the
Fayum Eocene/Oligocene deposits of Egypt. Folia Primatol.
69: (Suppl. 1): 286-294.
Simons E.L. (1997) Preliminary description of
the cranium of Proteopithecus sylviae, an Egyptian late
Eocene anthropoidean primate. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A.
94: 14970-14975.
Simons
E.L. & Rasmussen D.T. (1996) Skull of Catopithecus browni,
an early Tertiary catarrhine. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 100:
261-292.
Wunderlich R.E.,
Simons E.L., & Jungers W.L. (1996) New pedal remains of
Megaladapis and their functional significance. Am. J. Phys.
Anthropol. 100: 115-138. },
Key = {fds185143}
}
%% Sims, Ershela L
@article{fds164767,
Author = {TL Kivell and SK Doyle and RH Madden and TL Mitchell and EL
Sims},
Title = {An interactive method for teaching anatomy of the human eye
for medical students in ophthalmology clinical
rotations.},
Journal = {Anatomical sciences education},
Year = {2009},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1935-9780},
Abstract = {Much research has shown the benefits of additional
anatomical learning and dissection beyond the first year of
medical school human gross anatomy, all the way through
postgraduate medical training. We have developed an
interactive method for teaching eye and orbit anatomy to
medical students in their ophthalmology rotation at Duke
University School of Medicine. We provide review lectures on
the detailed anatomy of the adult human eye and orbit as
well as the developmental anatomy of the eye. These lectures
are followed by a demonstration of the anatomy of the orbit
using conventional frontal and superior exposures on a
prosected human cadaver. The anatomy is projected onto a
large LCD screen using a mounted overhead camera. Following
a brief lecture on clinically relevant anatomy, each student
then dissects a fresh porcine (pig) eye under low
magnification using a dissecting microscope. These
dissections serve to identify structures extrinsic to the
eyeball, including extraocular muscle attachments, small
vessels, optic nerve stalk, and fascial sheath of the
eyeball (Tenon's fascia). Dissection then shifts to the
internal anatomy of the eyeball. The size and anatomy of the
porcine eye is comparable with that of the human and the
dissection provides students with a valuable hands-on
learning opportunity that is otherwise not available in
embalmed human cadavers. Students and clinical faculty
feedback reveal high levels of satisfaction with the
presentation of anatomy and its scheduling early during the
ophthalmology clerkship. Anat Sci Ed, 2009. (c) 2009
American Association of Anatomists.},
Key = {fds164767}
}
@article{fds160482,
Author = {TJ Somers and FJ Keefe and JJ Pells and KE Dixon and SJ Waters and PA
Riordan, JA Blumenthal and DC McKee and L LaCaille and JM Tucker and D
Schmitt, DS Caldwell and VB Kraus and EL Sims and RA Shelby, JR
Rice},
Title = {Pain catastrophizing and pain-related fear in osteoarthritis
patients: relationships to pain and disability.},
Journal = {Journal of pain and symptom management, United
States},
Volume = {37},
Number = {5},
Pages = {863-72},
Year = {2009},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1873-6513},
Keywords = {Activities of Daily Living* Anxiety Comorbidity Disability
Evaluation* Fear* Female Humans Male Middle Aged North
Carolina Osteoarthritis, Knee Pain Risk Assessment Risk
Factors diagnosis epidemiology epidemiology* methods
psychology},
Abstract = {This study examined the degree to which pain catastrophizing
and pain-related fear explain pain, psychological
disability, physical disability, and walking speed in
patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Participants
in this study were 106 individuals diagnosed as having OA of
at least one knee, who reported knee pain persisting for six
months or longer. Results suggest that pain catastrophizing
explained a significant proportion (all Ps < or = 0.05) of
variance in measures of pain (partial r(2) [pr(2)] = 0.10),
psychological disability (pr(2) = 0.20), physical disability
(pr(2) = 0.11), and gait velocity at normal (pr(2) = 0.04),
fast (pr(2) = 0.04), and intermediate speeds (pr(2) = 0.04).
Pain-related fear explained a significant proportion of the
variance in measures of psychological disability (pr(2) =
0.07) and walking at a fast speed (pr(2) = 0.05). Pain
cognitions, particularly pain catastrophizing, appear to be
important variables in understanding pain, disability, and
walking at normal, fast, and intermediate speeds in knee OA
patients. Clinicians interested in understanding variations
in pain and disability in this population may benefit by
expanding the focus of their inquiries beyond traditional
medical and demographic variables to include an assessment
of pain catastrophizing and pain-related
fear.},
Key = {fds160482}
}
@article{fds164768,
Author = {Junzo P Chino M.D. and W. Robert Lee M.D. M.S. M.A. Ed. and Richard Madden Ph.D. and Ershela L. Sims Ph.D. and Tracy L. Kivell
Ph.D. and Sara K. Doyle Ph.D. and Terry L. Mitchell Ph.D. and E. Jane
Hoppenworth M.A. and Lawrence B. Marks M.D.},
Title = {Teaching the Anatomy of Oncology: Evaluating the Impact of a
Dedicated Oncoanatomy Course},
Journal = {International Journal of Radiation Oncology,
Biology},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds164768}
}
@article{fds164766,
Author = {MB Nebel and EL Sims and FJ Keefe and VB Kraus and J Pells and DS Caldwell and RM Queen and D Schmitt},
Title = {Influence of Psychosocial Parameters on Altered Gait
Mechanics Associated with Osteoarthritis and
Obesity},
Journal = {Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation},
Volume = {90},
Pages = {1874-1879},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds164766}
}
@article{fds160481,
Author = {EL Sims and JM Carland and FJ Keefe and VB Kraus and F Guilak and D
Schmitt},
Title = {Sex differences in biomechanics associated with knee
osteoarthritis},
Journal = {Journal of Women & Aging},
Volume = {21},
Number = {3},
Pages = {159-170},
Year = {2009},
Keywords = {Knee osteoarthritis Gait mechanics Gender
Disability},
Abstract = {Osteoarthritis of the knee is seen more frequently in
females than males. However, few studies have examined the
interplay of gender, gait mechanics, pain, and disability in
persons with osteoarthritis. This study examines the
influence of anthropometrics, radiographic disease severity,
pain, and disability on gender differences in gait mechanics
in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Gait mechanics for 26
men and 30 women, were collected using 3-D kinematics and
kinetics. Women had a significantly lower knee adduction
moment than men, and a significantly higher stride
frequency. Within female subjects, variations in gait
mechanics were primarily explained by weight, BMI, pain, and
disability. In males, variations in gait mechanics were
primarily explained by age and disability.},
Key = {fds160481}
}
@article{fds149376,
Author = {EL Sims and FJ Keefe and VB Kraus and F Guilak and RM Queen and D.
Schmitt.},
Title = {Racial differences in gait mechanics associated with knee
osteoarthritis},
Journal = {Aging Clinical and Experimental Research},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds149376}
}
@article{fds148495,
Author = {RM Queen and BL Charnock and WM Hardaker and EL Sims and CT
Moorman},
Title = {A comparison of cleat types during two football-specific
tasks on Fieldturf},
Journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
Volume = {42},
Pages = {278-284},
Year = {2008},
Abstract = {Objective: Examine the effect of different cleat plate
configurations on plantar pressure during two tasks. Design:
Thirty-six athletes ran an agility course 5 times while
wearing 4 different types of Nike Vitoria Cleats: 1) Bladed,
2) Elliptical Firm Ground, 3) Hard Ground, and 4) Turf.
Plantar pressure data were recorded during a side cut and a
cross cut using Pedar-X insoles. Setting: Controlled
Laboratory Study Participants: No history of lower extremity
injury in the past six months, no previous foot or ankle
surgery, not currently wearing foot orthotics, and play a
cleated sport at least 2 times per week. Main Outcome
Measurements: Contact area, total foot contact time, maximum
force, total foot peak pressure, and the force-time integral
(FTI) in the medial, middle and lateral regions of the
forefoot. A 1x4 ANOVA (alpha=0.05) was performed on each
dependent variable. A Bonferroni adjustment was conducted
(α=0.008). Results: In the cross cut task, statistical
differences between cleats were observed in three variables:
Total Foot Peak Pressure, Lateral Forefoot FTI, and Lateral
Forefoot Normalized Maximum Force. In the side cut task,
statistical differences between cleats were observed in 4
variables: Total Foot Peak Pressure, the Medial and Middle
Forefoot FTI, and the Medial and Middle Forefoot Normalized
Maximum Force. Conclusions: Significant differences in
forefoot loading patterns existed between cleat types. Based
on the results of this study, it might be beneficial to
increase the forefoot cushioning in cleats in an attempt to
decrease loading of this region of the foot.},
Key = {fds148495}
}
@article{fds148496,
Author = {EL Sims and WM Hardaker and RM Queen},
Title = {Gender differences in plantar loading during three
soccer-specific tasks},
Journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
Volume = {42},
Pages = {272-277},
Year = {2008},
Abstract = {Objective: Examine the effect of gender on plantar loading
during three soccer specific tasks. Design: Thirty-four
athletes (17 men, 17 women) ran an agility course 5 times
while wearing the Nike Vitoria Hard Ground Cleat. Plantar
loading data were recorded during a side-cut, a cross-over
cut, and a forward acceleration task using Pedar-X insoles.
Setting: Controlled Laboratory Study Participants: No
history of lower extremity injury in the past six months, no
previous foot or ankle surgery, not currently wearing foot
orthotics, and play a cleated sport at least 2 times per
week. Main Outcome Measurements: Contact area, maximum
force, and the force-time integral (FTI) in the medial and
lateral midfoot, medial, middle and lateral forefoot as well
as the hallux. A univariate ANCOVA (alpha=0.05) was
performed on each dependent variable (covariate was course
speed). Results: Significant gender differences existed in
force and force-time integral beneath the lateral midfoot
and forefoot during the cross-over cut task as well as in
the middle forefoot during the side-cut task with the men
demonstrating an increased force. No significant differences
existed in the loading on the medial side of the foot during
any tasks. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate
that the increase in plantar loading on the lateral portion
of the midfoot and forefoot in men could be one possible
explanation for the increased incidence of fifth metatarsal
stress fractures in men. Gender differences in loading
patterns need to be considered when comparing different
movements as well as different footwear conditions.},
Key = {fds148496}
}
%% Smith, Kathleen K.
@article{fds352432,
Author = {Smith, KK},
Title = {J. P. Hill and Katherine Watson's studies of the neural
crest in marsupials.},
Journal = {Journal of morphology},
Volume = {281},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1567-1587},
Year = {2020},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21270},
Abstract = {In the early part of the 20th century, J. P. Hill and K. P.
Watson embarked on a comprehensive study of the development
of the brain in Australian marsupials. Their work included
series from three major groups: dasyurids, peramelids, and
diprotodonts, covering early primitive streak through brain
closure and folding stages. While the major part of the work
was on the development of the brain, in the course of this
work they documented that cellular proliferations from the
neural plate provided much of the mesenchyme of the
branchial arches. These proliferations are now known to be
the neural crest. However, except for a very brief note,
published shortly after Hill's death, this work was never
published. In this study, I present Hill and Watson's work
on the development of the early neural plate and the neural
crest in marsupials. I compare their findings with published
work on the South American marsupial, Monodelphis domestica
and demonstrate that patterns reported in Monodelphis are
general for marsupials. Further, using their data I
demonstrate that in dasyurids, which are ultra-altricial at
birth, the neural crest migrates early and in massive
quantities, even relative to other marsupials. Finally, I
discuss the historical context and speculate on reasons for
why this work was unpublished. I find little support for
ideas that Hill blocked publication because of loyalty to
the germ layer theory. Instead, it appears primarily to have
been a very large project that was simply orphaned as Watson
and Hill pursued other activities.},
Doi = {10.1002/jmor.21270},
Key = {fds352432}
}
@article{fds347321,
Author = {Li, P and Smith, KK},
Title = {Comparative skeletal anatomy of neonatal ursids and the
extreme altriciality of the giant panda.},
Journal = {Journal of anatomy},
Volume = {236},
Number = {4},
Pages = {724-736},
Year = {2020},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joa.13127},
Abstract = {Mammalian neonates are born at a wide range of maturity
levels. Altricial newborns are born with limited sensory
agency and require extensive parental care. In contrast,
precocial neonates are relatively mature physically and
often capable of independent function shortly after birth.
In extant mammals, placental newborns vary from altricial to
precocial, while marsupials and monotremes are all extremely
altricial at birth. Bears (family Ursidae) have one of the
lowest neonatal-maternal mass ratios in placental mammals,
and are thought to also have the most altricial placental
newborns. In particular, giant pandas (Ailuropoda
melanoleuca) are thought to be exceptionally altricial at
birth, and possibly marsupial-like. Here we used
micro-computer (micro-computed) tomography scanning to
visualize the skeletal anatomy of ursid neonates and compare
their skeletal maturity with the neonates of other caniform
outgroups. Specifically, we asked whether ursid neonates
have exceptionally altricial skeletons at birth compared
with other caniform neonates. We found that most bear
neonates are similar to outgroup neonates in levels of
skeletal ossification, with little variation in degree of
ossification between ursine bears neonates (i.e. bears of
the subfamily Ursinae). Perinatal giant pandas, however,
have skeletal maturity levels most similar to a
42-45-day-old beagle fetus (~70% of total beagle gestation
period). No bear exhibits the skeletal heterochronies seen
in marsupial development. With regards to skeletal
development, ursine bears are not exceptionally altricial
relative to other caniform outgroups, but characterized
largely by the drastic difference between newborn and adult
body sizes. A review on the existing hypotheses for ursids'
unique reproductive strategy suggests that the extremely
small neonatal-maternal mass ratio of ursids may be related
to the recent evolution of large adult body size, while life
history characteristics retained an ancestral condition. A
relatively short post-implantation gestation time may be the
proximal mechanism behind the giant panda neonates' small
size relative to maternal size and altricial skeletal
development at birth.},
Doi = {10.1111/joa.13127},
Key = {fds347321}
}
@article{fds340584,
Author = {Smith, KK and Keyte, AL},
Title = {Adaptations of the Marsupial Newborn: Birth as an Extreme
Environment.},
Journal = {Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)},
Volume = {303},
Number = {2},
Pages = {235-249},
Year = {2020},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.24049},
Abstract = {At birth a mammalian neonate enters an extreme environment
compared to the intrauterine environment in which it has
grown. This transition may be particularly extreme in
marsupials because they are born at an exceedingly altricial
state, after an exceptionally short gestation. Their stage
of development must be considered embryonic by almost any
criteria. Yet at this very early stage of development
marsupials must travel to the teat, attach and suckle, and
have basic functioning of all major physiological systems.
In this article, we review the adaptations of the marsupial
neonate for survival at an embryonic state, showing that the
neonate exhibits a mosaic of accelerations and delays of
various tissues and organs as well as several special
adaptations to produce the functioning newborn. We then
discuss the development of the craniofacial region, the body
axis and limbs in order to detail some of the major changes
to development leading to this uniquely configured neonate.
We show that marsupial development arises out of a variety
of heterochronies (changes in relative timing of events) and
heterotopies (changes in location of specific developmental
events) at the genetic, cellular and organ level. We argue
that these data support hypotheses that many of the specific
patterns seen in marsupial development arise from the basic
constraint of embryonic energetic and tissue resources.
Finally ideas on the evolutionary context of the marsupial
developmental strategy are briefly reviewed. Anat Rec, 2019.
© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 303:235-249, 2020.
© 2018 American Association for Anatomy.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.24049},
Key = {fds340584}
}
@article{fds344483,
Author = {Li, P and Smith, KK},
Title = {Comparative Skeletal Anatomy of Neonatal Ursids and the
Altricial-Precocial Spectrum of Therian Mammals},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY},
Volume = {280},
Pages = {S165-S165},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds344483}
}
@article{fds230803,
Author = {Adamski, KN and Loyd, AM and Samost, A and Myers, B and Nightingale, R and Smith, K and 'Dale' Bass and CR},
Title = {Pediatric Coronal Suture Fiber Alignment and the Effect of
Interdigitation on Coronal Suture Mechanical
Properties.},
Journal = {Annals of biomedical engineering},
Volume = {43},
Number = {9},
Pages = {2101-2111},
Year = {2015},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0090-6964},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-015-1275-x},
Abstract = {The morphological and mechanical properties of the pediatric
skull are important in understanding pediatric head injury
biomechanics. Although previous studies have analyzed the
morphology of cranial sutures, none has done so in pediatric
specimens nor have previous studies related the morphology
to mechanical properties of human sutures. This study
quantified the geometry of pediatric cranial sutures and
investigated its correlation with the suture mechanical
properties. First, the suture fiber alignment was quantified
using histological analysis for four ages-neonate,
9 months-old, 11 months-old, and 18 months-old. For the
morphometric investigation of the suture interdigitation,
suture samples from a 6-year-old were scanned using micro-CT
and the level of interdigitation was measured using two
techniques. The first technique, the sinuosity index, was
calculated by dividing the suture path along the surface of
the skull by the suture distance from beginning to end. The
second technique, the surface area interdigitation index,
was calculated by measuring the surface area of the bone
interface outlining the suture and dividing it by the
cross-sectional area of the bone. The mechanical properties
were obtained using methods reported in Davis et al.6. The
results of the histological analysis showed a significant
increase in fiber alignment in older specimen; where random
fiber alignment has an average angle deviation of 45°,
neonatal suture fibers have an average deviation of 32.2°
and the 18-month-old fibers had an average deviation of
16.2° (p < 0.0001). For the suture index measurements,
only the sinuosity was positively correlated with the
ultimate strain (R (2) = 0.62, Bonferroni corrected
p = 0.011) but no other measurements showed a significant
relationship, including the amount of interdigitation and
elastic modulus. Our results demonstrate that there is a
distinct developmental progression of the suture fiber
alignment at a young age, but the differences in suture
interdigitation can only predict the ultimate strain and no
other mechanical properties.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10439-015-1275-x},
Key = {fds230803}
}
@article{fds300054,
Author = {Smith, KK},
Title = {Placental Evolution in Therian Mammals},
Pages = {205-225},
Booktitle = {Great Transformations in Vertebrate Evolution},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Editor = {Dial, KP and Shubin, N and Brainerd, EL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {July},
ISBN = {9780226268392},
Key = {fds300054}
}
@article{fds230805,
Author = {Keyte, AL and Smith, KK},
Title = {Heterochrony and developmental timing mechanisms: changing
ontogenies in evolution.},
Journal = {Seminars in cell & developmental biology},
Volume = {34},
Pages = {99-107},
Year = {2014},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1084-9521},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.06.015},
Abstract = {Heterochrony, or a change in developmental timing, is an
important mechanism of evolutionary change. Historically the
concept of heterochrony has focused alternatively on changes
in size and shape or changes in developmental sequence, but
most have focused on the pattern of change. Few studies have
examined changes in the mechanisms that embryos use to
actually measure time during development. Recently,
evolutionary studies focused on changes in distinct
timekeeping mechanisms have appeared, and this review
examines two such case studies: the evolution of increased
segment number in snakes and the extreme rostral to caudal
gradient of developmental maturation in marsupials. In both
examples, heterochronic modifications of the somite clock
have been important drivers of evolutionary
change.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.06.015},
Key = {fds230805}
}
@misc{fds212619,
Author = {K.K. Smith},
Title = {THE PLACENTA IN THERIAN MAMMALS: NEW VIEWS ON THE MARSUPIAL
PLACENTAL DICHOTOMY},
Booktitle = {Great Transformations in Vertebrate Evolution.},
Publisher = {University of California Press},
Editor = {Dial, Ken and Shubin, Neil and Brainerd, Elizabeth},
Year = {2014},
Key = {fds212619}
}
@article{fds230831,
Author = {Price, SA and Hopkins, SSB and Smith, KK and Roth,
VL},
Title = {Tempo of trophic evolution and its impact on mammalian
diversification.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {109},
Number = {18},
Pages = {7008-7012},
Year = {2012},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1117133109},
Abstract = {Mammals are characterized by the complex adaptations of
their dentition, which are an indication that diet has
played a critical role in their evolutionary history.
Although much attention has focused on diet and the
adaptations of specific taxa, the role of diet in
large-scale diversification patterns remains unresolved.
Contradictory hypotheses have been proposed, making
prediction of the expected relationship difficult. We show
that net diversification rate (the cumulative effect of
speciation and extinction), differs significantly among
living mammals, depending upon trophic strategy. Herbivores
diversify fastest, carnivores are intermediate, and
omnivores are slowest. The tempo of transitions between the
trophic strategies is also highly biased: the fastest rates
occur into omnivory from herbivory and carnivory and the
lowest transition rates are between herbivory and carnivory.
Extant herbivore and carnivore diversity arose primarily
through diversification within lineages, whereas omnivore
diversity evolved by transitions into the strategy. The
ability to specialize and subdivide the trophic niche
allowed herbivores and carnivores to evolve greater
diversity than omnivores.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1117133109},
Key = {fds230831}
}
@article{fds230832,
Author = {Keyte, A and Smith, KK},
Title = {Heterochrony in somitogenesis rate in a model marsupial,
Monodelphis domestica.},
Journal = {Evolution & development},
Volume = {14},
Number = {1},
Pages = {93-103},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23016977},
Abstract = {Marsupial newborns are highly altricial and also show a wide
array of shifts in the rate or timing of developmental
events so that certain neonatal structures are quite mature.
One particularly notable feature is the steep gradient in
development along the anterior-posterior axis such that
anterior structures are generally well developed relative to
posterior ones. Here, we study somitogenesis in the
marsupial, Monodelphis domestica, and document two
heterochronies that may be important in generating the
unusual body plan of the newborn marsupial. First, we
demonstrate a 4-fold change in somitogenesis rate along the
anterior-posterior axis, which appears to be due to
somitogenesis slowing posteriorly. Second, we show that
somitogenesis, particularly in the cervical region,
initiates earlier in Monodelphis relative to other
developmental events in the embryo. The early initiation of
somitogenesis may contribute to the early development of the
cervical region and forelimbs. Other elements of
somitogenesis appear to be conserved. When compared to
mouse, we see similar expression of genes involved in the
clock and wavefront, and genes of the Wnt, Notch, and
fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathways also cycle in
Monodelphis. Further, we could not discern differences in
somite maturation rate along the anterior-posterior axis in
Monodelphis, and thus rate of maturation of the somites does
not appear to contribute to the steep anterior-posterior
gradient.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1525-142x.2011.00524.x},
Key = {fds230832}
}
@article{fds230806,
Author = {Alonzo, M and Smith, KK and Kirby, ML},
Title = {Epigenetic interactions of the cardiac neural
crest},
Pages = {181-194},
Year = {2011},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds230806}
}
@article{fds230833,
Author = {Moustakas, JE and Smith, KK and Hlusko, LJ},
Title = {Evolution and development of the mammalian dentition:
insights from the marsupial Monodelphis domestica.},
Journal = {Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the
American Association of Anatomists},
Volume = {240},
Number = {1},
Pages = {232-239},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1058-8388},
url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dvdy.22502/abstract},
Abstract = {To understand developmental mechanisms of evolutionary
change, we must first know how different morphologies form.
The vast majority of our knowledge on the developmental
genetics of tooth formation derives from studies in mice,
which have relatively derived mammalian dentitions. The
marsupial Monodelphis domestica has a more plesiomorphic
heterodont dentition with incisors, canines, premolars, and
molars on both the upper and the lower jaws, and a deciduous
premolar. The complexity of the M. domestica dentition
ranges from simple, unicusped incisors to conical, sharp
canines to multicusped molars. We examine the development of
the teeth in M. domestica, with a specific focus on the
enamel knot, a signaling center in the embryonic tooth that
controls shape. We show that the tooth germs of M. domestica
express fibroblast growth factor (FGF) genes and Sprouty
genes in a manner similar to wild-type mouse molar germs,
but with a few key differences.},
Doi = {10.1002/dvdy.22502},
Key = {fds230833}
}
@article{fds230834,
Author = {Keyte, AL and Smith, KK},
Title = {Developmental origins of precocial forelimbs in marsupial
neonates.},
Journal = {Development (Cambridge, England)},
Volume = {137},
Number = {24},
Pages = {4283-4294},
Year = {2010},
Month = {December},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21098569},
Abstract = {Marsupial mammals are born in an embryonic state, as
compared with their eutherian counterparts, yet certain
features are accelerated. The most conspicuous of these
features are the precocial forelimbs, which the newborns use
to climb unaided from the opening of the birth canal to the
teat. The developmental mechanisms that produce this
acceleration are unknown. Here we show that heterochronic
and heterotopic changes early in limb development contribute
to forelimb acceleration. Using Tbx5 and Tbx4 as fore- and
hindlimb field markers, respectively, we have found that,
compared with mouse, both limb fields arise notably early
during opossum development. Patterning of the forelimb buds
is also accelerated, as Shh expression appears early
relative to the outgrowth of the bud itself. In addition,
the forelimb fields and forelimb myocyte allocation are
increased in size and number, respectively, and migration of
the spinal nerves into the forelimb bud has been modified.
This shift in the extent of the forelimb field is
accompanied by shifts in Hox gene expression along the
anterior-posterior axis. Furthermore, we found that both
fore- and hindlimb fields arise gradually during
gastrulation and extension of the embryonic axis, in
contrast to the appearance of the limb fields in their
entirety in all other known cases. Our results show a
surprising evolutionary flexibility in the early limb
development program of amniotes and rule out the induction
of the limb fields by mature structures such as the somites
or mesonephros.},
Doi = {10.1242/dev.049445},
Key = {fds230834}
}
@article{fds230835,
Author = {Carpenter, SR and Armbrust, EV and Arzberger, PW and Chapín, FS and Elser, JJ and Hackett, EJ and Ives, AR and Kareiva, PM and Leibold, MA and Lundberg, P and Mangel, M and Merchant, N and Murdoch, WW and Palmer,
MA and Peters, DPC and Pickett, STA and Smith, KK and Wall, DH and Zimmerman, AS},
Title = {Accelerate synthesis in ecology and environmental
sciences},
Journal = {BioScience},
Volume = {59},
Number = {8},
Pages = {699-701},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2009},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0006-3568},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/bio.2009.59.8.11},
Abstract = {Ecology is a leading discipline in the synthesis of diverse
knowledge. Ecologists have had considerable experience in
bringing together diverse, multinational data sets,
disciplines, and cultural perspectives to address a wide
range of issues in basic and applied science. Now is the
time to build on this foundation and invest in ecological
synthesis through new national or international programs.
While synthesis takes place through many mechanisms,
including individual efforts, working groups, and research
networks, centers are extraordinarily effective
institutional settings for advancing synthesis projects. ©
2009 by American Institute of Biological Sciences. All
rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1525/bio.2009.59.8.11},
Key = {fds230835}
}
@article{fds300067,
Author = {Moustakas, JE and Smith, KK and Hlusko, LJ},
Title = {The evolution and development of the mammalian dentition:
Insights from the marsupial Monodelphis domestica},
Journal = {Developmental Biology},
Volume = {331},
Number = {2},
Pages = {461-461},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2009},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0012-1606},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000267777900278&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.05.280},
Key = {fds300067}
}
@article{fds300055,
Author = {Carreno, CA and Smith, KK},
Title = {Limb specification and growth initiation in Xenopus laevis:
Possible heterochronic mechanisms},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {49},
Pages = {E208-E208},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2009},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1540-7063},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000268808800828&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds300055}
}
@article{fds230826,
Author = {Keyte, AL and Smith, KK},
Title = {Basic Maintenance and Breeding of the Opossum Monodelphis
domestica.},
Journal = {CSH protocols},
Volume = {2008},
Pages = {pdb.prot5073},
Year = {2008},
Month = {October},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21356704},
Abstract = {INTRODUCTIONMonodelphis domestica, the gray, short-tailed,
or laboratory opossum, is the most commonly used laboratory
marsupial. In addition to the factors that make it a
convenient laboratory animal (small size, ease of care,
nonseasonal breeding), it is the first marsupial whose
genome has been sequenced. Monodelphis has proven useful as
a model organism for studies on spinal cord regeneration,
ultraviolet (UV)-induced melanoma, and genetic influences on
cholesterol, as well as comparative studies of the immune
system. In addition, Monodelphis has been used to understand
the basic functions of the olfactory system and the role of
various olfactory chemicals in social and reproductive
behavior. Recently, Monodelphis has been used to understand
fundamental aspects of marsupial development, anatomy,
evolution, and evolutionary consequences of the derived
marsupial mode of development and reproduction. Monodelphis
are easily maintained and bred in the lab. To do extensive
embryonic work, a reasonably large breeding colony must be
maintained. A colony of ~100 animals (~3:1 female:male
ratio) allows for sacrifice of up to 12 pregnant females per
month for experimental purposes, as well as for
replenishment of the colony. However, because adults will
fight and often kill one another if kept in the same cage
for prolonged periods, we have developed a special breeding
protocol that provides high rates of breeding success
(75%-90%), with minimal injury due to fighting. Here, we
outline this breeding strategy and describe how to
successfully maintain a colony of Monodelphis in a
laboratory setting.},
Doi = {10.1101/pdb.prot5073},
Key = {fds230826}
}
@article{fds230827,
Author = {Keyte, AL and Smith, KK},
Title = {Opossum (Monodelphis domestica): A Marsupial Development
Model.},
Journal = {CSH protocols},
Volume = {2008},
Pages = {pdb.emo104},
Year = {2008},
Month = {October},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21356687},
Abstract = {INTRODUCTIONMonodelphis domestica is the most commonly used
laboratory marsupial. In addition to the many factors that
make it a convenient laboratory animal (small size, ease of
care, nonseasonal breeding), it is the first marsupial whose
genome has been sequenced. In this article, we present an
overview of aspects of its biology and its use as a model
organism. We also discuss basic care, breeding, embryo
manipulation, and modifications of common techniques for the
study of the development of this species.},
Doi = {10.1101/pdb.emo104},
Key = {fds230827}
}
@article{fds230828,
Author = {Keyte, AL and Smith, KK},
Title = {Harvesting monodelphis embryos.},
Journal = {CSH protocols},
Volume = {2008},
Pages = {pdb.prot5074},
Year = {2008},
Month = {October},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21356705},
Abstract = {INTRODUCTIONMonodelphis domestica, the gray, short-tailed,
or laboratory opossum, is the most commonly used laboratory
marsupial. In addition to the factors that make it a
convenient laboratory animal (small size, ease of care,
nonseasonal breeding), it is the first marsupial whose
genome has been sequenced. Monodelphis has proven useful as
a model organism for studies on spinal cord regeneration,
ultraviolet (UV)-induced melanoma, and genetic influences on
cholesterol, as well as comparative studies of the immune
system. In addition, Monodelphis has been used to understand
the basic functions of the olfactory system and the role of
various olfactory chemicals in social and reproductive
behavior. Recently, Monodelphis has been used to understand
fundamental aspects of marsupial development, anatomy,
evolution, and evolutionary consequences of the derived
marsupial mode of development and reproduction. Monodelphis
embryos are easily harvested, as described in this protocol.
Depending on the specific use for the embryo, there may be
slight differences in euthanasia procedure, fixation, and
embryo treatment. Most commonly, specimens will be used for
anatomical or molecular (e.g., in situ hybridization)
techniques, in which case they will be fixed in standard
fixatives appropriate for the particular
protocol.},
Doi = {10.1101/pdb.prot5074},
Key = {fds230828}
}
@article{fds230829,
Author = {Keyte, AL and Smith, KK},
Title = {Whole-mount in situ hybridization in monodelphis
embryos.},
Journal = {CSH protocols},
Volume = {2008},
Pages = {pdb.prot5076},
Year = {2008},
Month = {October},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21356707},
Abstract = {INTRODUCTIONMonodelphis domestica, the gray, short-tailed,
or laboratory opossum, is the most commonly used laboratory
marsupial. In addition to the factors that make it a
convenient laboratory animal (small size, ease of care,
nonseasonal breeding), it is the first marsupial whose
genome has been sequenced. Monodelphis has proven useful as
a model organism for studies on spinal cord regeneration,
ultraviolet (UV)-induced melanoma, and genetic influences on
cholesterol, as well as comparative studies of the immune
system. In addition, Monodelphis has been used to understand
the basic functions of the olfactory system and the role of
various olfactory chemicals in social and reproductive
behavior. Recently, Monodelphis has been used to understand
fundamental aspects of marsupial development, anatomy,
evolution, and evolutionary consequences of the derived
marsupial mode of development and reproduction. This
protocol details whole-mount in situ hybridization of
Monodelphis embryos, but it is broadly applicable to any
marsupial. Special conditions have been included throughout
the protocol for various stages of marsupial embryos.
Nevertheless, whole, preterm embryonic stages (~stage 33 to
birth) have proven to be difficult to work with because
formation of the cuticle prevents probe and antibody
penetration.},
Doi = {10.1101/pdb.prot5076},
Key = {fds230829}
}
@article{fds230830,
Author = {Keyte, AL and Smith, KK},
Title = {Monodelphis whole-embryo culture.},
Journal = {CSH protocols},
Volume = {2008},
Pages = {pdb.prot5075},
Year = {2008},
Month = {October},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21356706},
Abstract = {INTRODUCTIONMonodelphis domestica, the gray, short-tailed,
or laboratory opossum, is the most commonly used laboratory
marsupial. In addition to the factors that make it a
convenient laboratory animal (small size, ease of care,
nonseasonal breeding), it is the first marsupial whose
genome has been sequenced. Monodelphis has proven useful as
a model organism for studies on spinal cord regeneration,
ultraviolet (UV)-induced melanoma, and genetic influences on
cholesterol, as well as comparative studies of the immune
system. In addition, Monodelphis has been used to understand
the basic functions of the olfactory system and the role of
various olfactory chemicals in social and reproductive
behavior. Recently, Monodelphis has been used to understand
fundamental aspects of marsupial development, anatomy,
evolution, and evolutionary consequences of the derived
marsupial mode of development and reproduction. The embryos
of Monodelphis, like those of other marsupials, can be
cultured in vitro. The length of embryo viability depends in
part on the stage at which culture begins, but embryos of
different species of marsupials have been cultured for 18 h
to almost 72 h. Good culture results for Monodelphis have
been obtained using the method presented here. Embryos can
be manipulated and then placed in the incubator. We have
applied this technique most commonly to embryos at stages
23-25; they have retained viability and normal development
through stage 26 when embryos would begin to implant in
vivo.},
Doi = {10.1101/pdb.prot5075},
Key = {fds230830}
}
@article{fds300070,
Author = {Keyte, AL and Imam, T and Alonzo, M and Halbert, T and Smith,
KK},
Title = {Building a marsupial neonate: Evolution of the limb
development program in opossum},
Journal = {Developmental Biology},
Volume = {319},
Number = {2},
Pages = {498-498},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2008},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0012-1606},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000257734600126&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.05.112},
Key = {fds300070}
}
@misc{fds152715,
Author = {A. L. Keyte and K.K. Smith},
Title = {Opossum (Monodelphis domestica): A Marsupial Developmental
Model},
Pages = {557- 575},
Booktitle = {Emerging Model Organisms: A laboratory manual.},
Publisher = {Cold Springs Harbor Press},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds152715}
}
@misc{fds152717,
Author = {M. Alonzo and K.K. Smith and M.L. Kirby},
Title = {Neural crest and cardiac mesoderm},
Booktitle = {Epigenetics: Linking Genotype and Phenotype in Development
and Evolution},
Publisher = {Academic Press},
Editor = {B. Hallgrimsson and B.K. Hall.},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds152717}
}
@article{fds300068,
Author = {Keyte, AL and Imam, T and Smith, KK},
Title = {Limb heterochrony in the marsupial Monodelphis
domestica},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY},
Volume = {268},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1092-1092},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0362-2525},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000251266000249&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds300068}
}
@article{fds300072,
Author = {Keyte, AL and Imam, T and Smith, KK},
Title = {Limb heterochrony in a marsupial, M. domestica},
Journal = {Developmental Biology},
Volume = {295},
Number = {1},
Pages = {415-415},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2006},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0012-1606},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000238996200272&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.04.275},
Key = {fds300072}
}
@article{fds230825,
Author = {Smith, KK},
Title = {Kathleen K. Smith: Integrating the levels of
evolution},
Journal = {BioScience},
Volume = {56},
Number = {6},
Pages = {470-474},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2006},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0006-3568},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[470:KKSITL]2.0.CO;2},
Doi = {10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[470:KKSITL]2.0.CO;2},
Key = {fds230825}
}
@article{fds230836,
Author = {Smith, KK},
Title = {Craniofacial development in marsupial mammals: developmental
origins of evolutionary change.},
Journal = {Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the
American Association of Anatomists},
Volume = {235},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1181-1193},
Year = {2006},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1058-8388},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16408286},
Abstract = {Biologists have long studied the evolutionary consequences
of the differences in reproductive and life history
strategies of marsupial and eutherian mammals. Over the past
few decades, the impact of these strategies on the
development of the marsupial embryo and neonate has received
attention. In this review, the differences in development in
the craniofacial region in marsupial and eutherian mammals
will be discussed. The review will highlight differences at
the organogenic and cellular levels, and discuss hypotheses
for shifts in the expression of important regulatory genes.
The major difference in the organogenic period is a
whole-scale shift in the relative timing of central nervous
system structures, in particular those of the forebrain,
which are delayed in marsupials, relative to the structures
of the oral-facial apparatus. Correlated with the delay in
development of nervous system structures, the ossification
of the bones of the neurocranium are delayed, while those of
the face are accelerated. This study will also review work
showing that the neural crest, which provides much of the
cellular material to the facial skeleton and may also carry
important patterning information, is notably accelerated in
its development in marsupials. Potential consequences of
these observations for hypotheses on constraint,
evolutionary integration, and the existence of developmental
modules is discussed. Finally, the implications of these
results for hypotheses on the genetic modulation of
craniofacial patterning are presented.},
Doi = {10.1002/dvdy.20676},
Key = {fds230836}
}
@article{fds230837,
Author = {Van Nievelt and AFH and Smith, KK},
Title = {Tooth eruption in Monodelphis domestica and its significance
for phylogeny and natural history},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalogy},
Volume = {86},
Number = {2},
Pages = {333-341},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2005},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/BWG-224.1},
Abstract = {The gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica) began
tooth eruption at 32 days with the deciduous premolars (dp3
and dP3). All but 5 teeth completed eruption by 56 days,
with only p3, m4, P3, M3, and M4 unerupted at that age.
Eruption was complete by 134 days with eruption of P3 and
M4. We found no significant differences between sexes in
tooth eruption timing, but significant differences occurred
among litters at some tooth positions. Timing and sequence
of tooth eruption differed somewhat as seen in live young
versus that seen in a series of skulls of known age. Live
juveniles can be placed into a series of 6 age classes based
on emergence of teeth through the gingiva, whereas juvenile
skeletal material is best placed into age classes based
solely on eruption of upper molars. Other systems of age
classes used in didelphid marsupials that are based on
sequence of eruption of P3 and M4 are not generally
applicable because of variation in this sequence. In
didelphids delayed eruption of 11 may be functionally
related to weaning, whereas weaning and 1 st reproduction
are not obviously correlated with age class based on molar
eruption. © 2005 American Society of Mammalogists.},
Doi = {10.1644/BWG-224.1},
Key = {fds230837}
}
@article{fds300069,
Author = {Smith, KK},
Title = {Craniofacial patterning and the evolution of
mammals},
Journal = {FASEB JOURNAL},
Volume = {19},
Number = {5},
Pages = {A1335-A1335},
Publisher = {FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL},
Year = {2005},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0892-6638},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000227610902352&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds300069}
}
@article{fds230838,
Author = {van Nievelt, AFH and Smith, KK},
Title = {To replace or not to replace: The significance of reduced
functional tooth replacement in marsupial and placental
mammals},
Journal = {Paleobiology},
Volume = {31},
Number = {2},
Pages = {324-346},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {2005},
Month = {Winter},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031[0324:TRONTR]2.0.CO;2},
Abstract = {Marsupial mammals are characterized by a pattern of dental
replacement thought to be unique. The apparent primitive
therian pattern is two functional generations of teeth at
the incisor, canine, and premolar loci, and a series of
molar teeth, which by definition are never replaced. In
marsupials, the incisor, canine, and first and second
premolar positions possess only a single functional
generation. Recently this pattern of dental development has
been hypothesized to be a synapomorphy of metatherians, and
has been used to diagnose taxa in the fossil record.
Further, the suppression of the first generation of teeth
has been linked to the marsupial mode of reproduction,
through the mechanical suppression of odontogenesis during
the period of fixation of marsupials, and has been used to
reconstruct the mode of reproduction of fossil organisms.
Here we show that dental development occurs throughout the
period of fixation; therefore, the hypothesis that
odontogenesis is mechanically suppressed during this period
is refuted. Further, we present comparative data on dental
replacement in eutherians and demonstrate that suppression
of tooth replacement is fairly common in diverse groups of
placental mammals. We conclude that reproductive mode is
neither a necessary nor a sufficient explanation for the
loss of tooth replacement in marsupials. We explore possible
alternative explanations for the loss of replacement in
therians, but we argue that no single hypothesis is adequate
to explain the full range of observed patterns. © 2005 The
Paleontological Society. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031[0324:TRONTR]2.0.CO;2},
Key = {fds230838}
}
@article{fds300057,
Author = {Smith, KK},
Title = {Facial development in marsupials: functional requirements
and developmental constraints.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {192-193},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000227214900509&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds300057}
}
@article{fds230824,
Author = {Vaglia, JL and Smith, KK},
Title = {Early differentiation and migration of cranial neural crest
in the opossum, Monodelphis domestica.},
Journal = {Evolution & development},
Volume = {5},
Number = {2},
Pages = {121-135},
Year = {2003},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1520-541X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12622729},
Abstract = {Marsupial mammals are born at a highly altricial state.
Nonetheless, the neonate must be capable of considerable
functional independence. Comparative studies have shown that
in marsupials the morphogenesis of many structures critical
to independent function are advanced relative to overall
development. Many skeletal and muscular elements in the
facial region show particular heterochrony. Because neural
crest cells are crucial to forming and patterning much of
the face, this study investigates whether the timing of
cranial neural crest differentiation is also advanced.
Histology and scanning electron microscopy of Monodelphis
domestica embryos show that many aspects of cranial neural
crest differentiation and migration are conserved in
marsupials. For example, as in other vertebrates, cranial
neural crest differentiates at the neural ectoderm/epidermal
boundary and migrates as three major streams. However, when
compared with other vertebrates, a number of timing
differences exist. The onset of cranial neural crest
migration is early relative to both neural tube development
and somite formation in Monodelphis. First arch neural crest
cell migration is particularly advanced and begins before
any somites appear or regional differentiation exists in the
neural tube. Our study provides the first published
description of cranial neural crest differentiation and
migration in marsupials and offers insight into how shifts
in early developmental processes can lead to morphological
change.},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1525-142x.2003.03019.x},
Key = {fds230824}
}
@article{fds230844,
Author = {Vaglia, J and Smith, KK},
Title = {Early development of cranial neural crest in the marsupial,
Monodelphis domestica},
Journal = {Development and Evolution},
Volume = {5},
Pages = {121-135},
Year = {2003},
Month = {Spring},
Key = {fds230844}
}
@article{fds230842,
Author = {Smith, KK},
Title = {Time's arrow: heterochrony and the evolution of
development.},
Journal = {The International journal of developmental
biology},
Volume = {47},
Number = {7-8},
Pages = {613-621},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0214-6282},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14756337},
Abstract = {The concept of heterochrony, which denotes a change in the
relative timing of developmental events and processes in
evolution, has accompanied attempts to link evolution and
development for well over a century. During this time the
definition of heterochrony and the application of the
concept have varied and by the late 1990's, many questioned
the usefulness of the concept. However, in the past decade
studies of heterochrony have been revitalized by a new focus
on developmental sequence, an examination of heterochrony in
explicit phylogenetic contexts and increasing tendencies to
examine the heterochrony of many kinds of events, including
cellular, molecular and genetic events. Examples of such
studies are reviewed in this paper and it is argued that
this new application of heterochrony provides an
extraordinarily rich opportunity for understanding the
developmental basis of evolutionary change.},
Key = {fds230842}
}
@article{fds230845,
Author = {Smith, KK},
Title = {Sequence heterochrony and the evolution of
development.},
Journal = {Journal of morphology},
Volume = {252},
Number = {1},
Pages = {82-97},
Year = {2002},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0362-2525},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11921037},
Abstract = {One of the most persistent questions in comparative
developmental biology concerns whether there are general
rules by which ontogeny and phylogeny are related. Answering
this question requires conceptual and analytic approaches
that allow biologists to examine a wide range of
developmental events in well-structured phylogenetic
contexts. For evolutionary biologists, one of the most
dominant approaches to comparative developmental biology has
centered around the concept of heterochrony. However, in
recent years the focus of studies of heterochrony largely
has been limited to one aspect, changes in size and shape. I
argue that this focus has restricted the kinds of questions
that have been asked about the patterns of developmental
change in phylogeny, which has narrowed our ability to
address some of the most fundamental questions about
development and evolution. Here I contrast the approaches of
growth heterochrony with a broader view of heterochrony that
concentrates on changes in developmental sequence. I discuss
a general approach to sequence heterochrony and summarize
newly emerging methods to analyze a variety of kinds of
developmental change in explicit phylogenetic contexts.
Finally, I summarize a series of studies on the evolution of
development in mammals that use these new
approaches.},
Doi = {10.1002/jmor.10014},
Key = {fds230845}
}
@article{fds230823,
Author = {Sánchez-Villagra, MR and Gemballa, S and Nummela, S and Smith, KK and Maier, W},
Title = {Ontogenetic and phylogenetic transformations of the ear
ossicles in marsupial mammals.},
Journal = {Journal of morphology},
Volume = {251},
Number = {3},
Pages = {219-238},
Year = {2002},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0362-2525},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1085},
Abstract = {This study is based on the examination of histological
sections of specimens of different ages and of adult
ossicles from macerated skulls representing a wide range of
taxa and aims at addressing several issues concerning the
evolution of the ear ossicles in marsupials.
Three-dimensional reconstructions of the ear ossicles based
on histological series were done for one or more stages of
Monodelphis domestica, Caluromys philander, Sminthopsis
virginiae, Trichosurus vulpecula, and Macropus rufogriseus.
Several common trends were found. Portions of the ossicles
that are phylogenetically older develop earlier than
portions representing more recent evolutionary inventions
(manubrium of the malleus, crus longum of the incus). The
onset of endochondral ossification in the taxa in which this
was examined followed the sequence; first malleus, then
incus, and finally stapes. In M. domestica and C. philander
at birth the yet precartilaginous ossicles form a supportive
strut between the lower jaw and the braincase. The cartilage
of Paauw develops relatively late in comparison with the ear
ossicles and in close association to the tendon of the
stapedial muscle. A feeble artery traverses the stapedial
foramen of the stapes in the youngest stages of M.
domestica, C. philander, and Sminthopsis virginiae examined.
Presence of a large stapedial foramen is reconstructed in
the groundplan of the Didelphidae and of Marsupialia. The
stapedial foramen is absent in all adult caenolestids,
dasyurids, Myrmecobius, Notoryctes, peramelids, vombatids,
and phascolarctids. Pouch young of Perameles sp. and
Dasyurus viverrinus show a bicrurate stapes with a sizeable
stapedial foramen. Some didelphids examined to date show a
double insertion of the Tensor tympani muscle. Some
differences exist between M. domestica and C. philander in
adult ossicle form, including the relative length of the
incudal crus breve and of the stapes. Several differences
exist between the malleus of didelphids and that of some
phalangeriforms, the latter showing a short neck, absence of
the lamina, and a ventrally directed manubrium. Hearing
starts in M. domestica at an age in which the external
auditory meatus has not yet fully developed, the ossicles
are not fully ossified, and the middle ear space is
partially filled with loose mesenchyme. The ontogenetic
changes in hearing abilities in M. domestica between
postnatal days 30 and 40 may be at least partially related
to changes in middle ear structures.},
Doi = {10.1002/jmor.1085},
Key = {fds230823}
}
@article{fds300061,
Author = {Smith, KK and Vaglia, J},
Title = {Early development of the cranial neural crest, neural tube
and paraxial mesoderm in marsupials.},
Journal = {AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST},
Volume = {41},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1589-1589},
Publisher = {SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Year = {2001},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0003-1569},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000174306500719&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds300061}
}
@article{fds230850,
Author = {Smith, KK},
Title = {Early development of the neural plate, neural crest and
facial region of marsupials.},
Journal = {Journal of anatomy},
Volume = {199},
Number = {Pt 1-2},
Pages = {121-131},
Year = {2001},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0021-8782},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11523813},
Abstract = {Marsupial mammals have a distinctive reproductive strategy.
The young are born after an exceptionally short period of
organogenesis and are consequently extremely altricial. Yet
because they must be functionally independent in an
essentially embryonic condition, the marsupial neonate
exhibits a unique suite of adaptations. In particular,
certain bones of the facial region, most cranial musculature
and a few additional structures are accelerated in their
development. In contrast, central nervous system structures,
especially the forebrain, are markedly premature at birth,
resembling an embryonic d 11 or 12 mouse. This review
examines the developmental processes that are modified to
produce these evolutionary changes. The focus is on the
early development of the neural plate, neural crest and
facial region in the marsupial, Monodelphis domestica,
compared with patterns reported for rodents. Neural crest
begins differentiation and migration at the neural plate
stage, which results in large accumulations of neural crest
in the facial region at an early stage of development. The
early accumulation of neural crest provides the material for
the accelerated development of oral and facial structures.
The first arch region is massive in the early embryo, and
the development of the olfactory placode and frontonasal
region is advanced relative to the forebrain region. The
development of the forebrain is delayed in marsupials
relative to the hindbrain or facial region. These
observations illustrate how development may be modified to
produce evolutionary changes that distinguish taxa. Further,
they suggest that development is not necessarily highly
conserved, but instead may be quite plastic.},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910121.x},
Key = {fds230850}
}
@article{fds230849,
Author = {Smith, KK},
Title = {Heterochrony revisited: The evolution of developmental
sequences},
Journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society},
Volume = {73},
Number = {2},
Pages = {169-186},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0024-4066},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bijl.2001.0535},
Abstract = {The concept of heterochrony is a persistent component of
discussions about the way that evolution and development
interact. Since the late 1970s heterochrony has been defined
largely as developmental changes in the relationship of size
and shape. This approach to heterochrony, here termed growth
heterochrony, is limited in the way it can analyse change in
the relative timing of developmental events in a number of
respects. In particular, analytical techniques do not
readily allow the study of changes in developmental events
not characterized by size and shape parameters, or of many
kinds of events in many taxa. I discuss here an alternative
approach to heterochrony, termed sequence heterochrony, in
which a developmental trajectory is conceptualized as a
series of discrete events. Heterochrony is demonstrated when
the sequence position of an event changes relative to other
events in that sequence. I summarize several analytical
techniques that allow the investigation of sequence
heterochrony in phylogenetic contexts and also
quantitatively. Finally, several examples of how this
approach may be used to test hypotheses on the way
development evolves are summarized. © 2001 The Linnean
Society of London.},
Doi = {10.1006/bijl.2001.0535},
Key = {fds230849}
}
@article{fds230848,
Author = {Smith, KK},
Title = {The evolution of mammalian development.},
Journal = {Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology},
Volume = {156},
Pages = {119-135},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds230848}
}
@article{fds230847,
Author = {Nishikawa, KC and Kier, WM and Smith, KK},
Title = {Morphology and mechanics of tongue movement in the African
pig-nosed frog Hemisus marmoratum: a muscular hydrostatic
model.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Volume = {202},
Number = {Pt 7},
Pages = {771-780},
Year = {1999},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0022-0949},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.7.771},
Abstract = {The goal of this study was to investigate morphological
adaptations associated with hydrostatic elongation of the
tongue during feeding in the African pig-nosed frog Hemisus
marmoratum. Whereas previous studies had suggested that the
tongue of H. marmoratum elongates hydraulically, the
anatomical observations reported here favour a muscular
hydrostatic mechanism of tongue elongation. H. marmoratum
possesses a previously undescribed compartment of the m.
genioglossus (m. genioglossus dorsoventralis), which is
intrinsic to the tongue and whose muscle fibres are oriented
perpendicular to the long axis of the tongue. On the basis
of the arrangement and orientation of muscle fibres in the
m. genioglossus and m. hyoglossus, we propose a muscular
hydrostatic model of tongue movement in which contraction of
the m. genioglossus dorsoventralis, together with unfolding
of the intrinsic musculature of the tongue, results in a
doubling in tongue length. Electron micrographs of
sarcomeres from resting and elongated tongues show that no
special adaptations of the sarcomeres are necessary to
accommodate the observed doubling in tongue length during
feeding. Rather, the sarcomeres of the m. genioglossus
longitudinalis are strikingly similar to those of anuran
limb muscles. The ability to elongate the tongue
hydrostatically, conferred by the presence of the m.
genioglossus dorsoventralis, is associated with the
appearance of several novel aspects of feeding behaviour in
H. marmoratum. These include the ability to protract the
tongue slowly, thereby increasing capture success, and the
ability to aim the tongue in azimuth and elevation relative
to the head. Compared with other frogs, the muscular
hydrostatic system of H. marmoratum allows more precise,
localized and diverse tongue movements. This may explain why
the m. genioglossus of H. marmoratum is composed of a larger
number of motor units than that of other
frogs.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.202.7.771},
Key = {fds230847}
}
@article{fds300071,
Author = {Smith, KK},
Title = {Early cranial development in marsupial mammals: The origins
of heterochrony.},
Journal = {AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST},
Volume = {39},
Number = {5},
Pages = {13A-13A},
Publisher = {SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-1569},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000085800400070&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds300071}
}
@article{fds230846,
Author = {Nunn, CL and Smith, KK},
Title = {Statistical analyses of developmental sequences: the
craniofacial region in marsupial and placental
mammals.},
Journal = {The American naturalist},
Volume = {152},
Number = {1},
Pages = {82-101},
Year = {1998},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0003-0147},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18811403},
Abstract = {Heterochrony is most often thought to involve changes in the
rate of development or maturation (rate changes). However,
heterochrony can also involve changes in the timing of
specific developmental events relative to other events
(sequence changes). Sequence changes have received much less
attention than have changes in developmental rates, in part
because few methods exist for comparing developmental
sequences. Here, we present two methods to statistically
evaluate developmental sequence changes. First, Kendall's
coefficient of concordance (W) is used to quantify overall
similarity of developmental sequences in two or more groups
of organisms, and second, ANOVA is used to identify the
individual events that differ most in their relative
developmental timing. Computer simulation is used to control
for the nonindependence of species. We examine the sequence
of developmental events in the craniofacial region of
marsupial and placental mammals. We conclude that the most
important differences in development in the two clades
relate to the relative sequence of development of the
central nervous system and somatic elements of the
craniofacial region. The rationale behind the methods and
their limitations are discussed, and the results from this
study are compared with a previous analysis.},
Doi = {10.1086/286151},
Key = {fds230846}
}
@article{fds230851,
Author = {Smith, KK and Schneider, RA},
Title = {Have gene knockouts caused evolutionary reversals in the
mammalian first arch?},
Journal = {BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and
developmental biology},
Volume = {20},
Number = {3},
Pages = {245-255},
Year = {1998},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0265-9247},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9631652},
Abstract = {Many recent gene knockout experiments cause anatomical
changes to the jaw region of mice that several investigators
claim are evolutionary reversals. Here we evaluate these
mutant phenotypes and the assertions of atavism. We argue
that following the knockout of Hoxa-2, Dlx-2, MHox, Otx2,
and RAR genes, ectopic cartilages arise as secondary
consequences of disruptions in normal processes of cell
specification, migration, or differentiation. These
disruptions cause an excess of mesenchyme to accumulate in a
region through which skeletal progenitor cells usually
migrate, and at a site of condensation that is normally
present in mammals but that is too small to chondrify. We
find little evidence that these genes, when disrupted, cause
a reversion to any primitive condition and although changes
in their expression may have played a role in the evolution
of the mammalian jaw, their function during morphogenesis is
not sufficiently understood to confirm such
hypotheses.},
Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1521-1878(199803)20:3<245::aid-bies8>3.0.co;2-},
Key = {fds230851}
}
@article{fds230843,
Author = {Smith, KK},
Title = {COMPARATIVE PATTERNS OF CRANIOFACIAL DEVELOPMENT IN
EUTHERIAN AND METATHERIAN MAMMALS.},
Journal = {Evolution; international journal of organic
evolution},
Volume = {51},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1663-1678},
Year = {1997},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb01489.x},
Abstract = {The sequence of differentiation of major elements of the
skeletal, muscular and nervous systems of the head is
examined in developmental series of five eutherian
(placental) and four metatherian (marsupial) mammals. The
analysis identifies the elements that are conserved across
the Theria, those that are unique to the Metatheria and to
the Eutheria, and those that are variable. It is shown that
although there are slight shifts in the sequence of
development within the somatic tissues of the head, the
primary difference between marsupial and placental mammals
involves the timing and rate of differentiation of
structures of the central nervous system (CNS) relative to a
specific subset of structures of the cranial skeleton and
musculature. In eutherians, CNS morphogenesis is well
underway before the somatic tissues of the head begin
differentiation. In metatherians, CNS development is delayed
considerably and certain elements of the skeletal and
muscular systems are advanced. It is concluded that the
developmental differences between marsupial and placental
mammals are best explained by the interaction of several
processes including neurogenesis as a potential
rate-limiting step, the developmental requirements of
somatic elements, and the extremely short period of
organogenesis of marsupial mammals. Several other issues,
including the way that these data may be applied to
determine the primitive therian developmental condition, and
the use of comparative developmental data to address basic
questions on morphogenetic processes, are
discussed.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb01489.x},
Key = {fds230843}
}
@article{fds230822,
Author = {Van Nievelt and AF and Smith, KK},
Title = {Extreme bilateral molar rotation in Monodelphis domestica
(Marsupialia: Didelphidae).},
Journal = {Archives of oral biology},
Volume = {42},
Number = {8},
Pages = {587-591},
Year = {1997},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0003-9969},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9347121},
Abstract = {Rotation of a tooth around an axis perpendicular to the
occlusal plane through angles approaching 180 degrees is a
rare anomaly found in the mammalian dentition. A specimen of
Monodelphis domestica was found to show such extreme
rotation of both lower last molars, with consequent
disruption of normal occlusion and wear. A review of the
literature discovered 41 other reported cases of extreme
rotation, from four different orders of mammals. The
distribution of extreme rotation within the dentition can be
summarized as follows. It is found only in isolated teeth or
in contralateral pairs of teeth. Bilateral rotation is far
more common than would be expected based on the chance of
the independent occurrence of two rotations. Extreme
rotation has a significantly higher frequency in upper
rather than lower teeth, in premolars rather than other
teeth, and on the left- rather than the right--hand side.
The incidence of extreme rotation across mammals was
estimated to be approx. 1 in 5850.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0003-9969(97)00048-4},
Key = {fds230822}
}
@article{fds230819,
Author = {Sánchez-Villagra, MR and Smith, KK},
Title = {Diversity and evolution of the marsupial mandibular angular
process},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalian Evolution},
Volume = {4},
Number = {2},
Pages = {119-144},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1064-7554},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1027318213347},
Abstract = {A medial inflection of the mandibular angular process is
present in most marsupials. The few living marsupials that
lack this trait either are very specialized forms (e.g.,
Tarsipes) or show a medial inflection at some point in
development that is lost in later ontogenetic stages (cf.
Dactylopsila and Phascolarctos). A medially inflected
angular process is not present in any known extant or
extinct placental (including all Cretaceous taxa that
preserve the back of the dentary bone). Some extant
placentals with enlarged auditory bullae evolved a medial
flange of the angular process as a strategy to increase
gape, but this is not homologous to the marsupial condition.
We conclude that the medially inflected angular process is a
shared derived trait of extant and extinct marsupials. The
significant diversity in the form of the medially inflected
mandibular angular process in marsupials, documented here
for 53 taxa, shows a general relation to dietary
adaptations. Herbivores (with well-developed masseter and
medial pterygoid muscles) tend to have a shelf-like angular
process, while small, insectivorous marsupials generally
have a rod-like angular process. A close connection between
the angular process and the ectotympanic is maintained
during early postnatal development in all marsupials
examined, a relation not seen in the placentals examined. A
previous hypothesis suggested that the angular process plays
a role in hearing in pouch-young Monodelphis. Data on the
maturation of the auditory system does not support this
hypothesis. Currently there are no data on differences in
muscular anatomy or mastication between marsupials and
placentals that could serve as a causal explanation for the
difference in adult form of the angular process between the
two groups. © 1997 Plenum Publishing Corporation.},
Doi = {10.1023/A:1027318213347},
Key = {fds230819}
}
@article{fds230821,
Author = {Smith, KK and van Nievelt, AF},
Title = {Comparative rates of development in Monodelphis and
Didelphis.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {275},
Number = {5300},
Pages = {683-684},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.275.5300.683},
Doi = {10.1126/science.275.5300.683},
Key = {fds230821}
}
@article{fds230820,
Author = {Yoder, AD and Cartmill, M and Ruvolo, M and Smith, K and Vilgalys,
R},
Title = {Ancient single origin for Malagasy primates.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {93},
Number = {10},
Pages = {5122-5126},
Year = {1996},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.10.5122},
Abstract = {We report new evidence that bears decisively on a
long-standing controversy in primate systematics. DNA
sequence data for the complete cytochrome b gene, combined
with an expanded morphological data set, confirm the results
of a previous study and again indicate that all extant
Malagasy lemurs originated from a single common ancestor.
These results, as well as those from other genetic studies,
call for a revision of primate classifications in which the
dwarf and mouse lemurs are placed within the Afro-Asian
lorisiforms. The phylogenetic results, in agreement with
paleocontinental data, indicate an African origin for the
common ancestor of lemurs and lorises (the Strepsirrhini).
The molecular data further suggest the surprising conclusion
that lemurs began evolving independently by the early Eocene
at the latest. This indicates that the Malagasy primate
lineage is more ancient than generally thought and places
the split between the two strepsirrhine lineages well before
the appearance of known Eocene fossil primates. We conclude
that primate origins were marked by rapid speciation and
diversification sometime before the late
Paleocene.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.93.10.5122},
Key = {fds230820}
}
@article{fds230841,
Author = {Smith, KK},
Title = {Integration of craniofacial structures during development in
mammals'},
Journal = {American Zoologist},
Volume = {36},
Number = {1},
Pages = {70-79},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {1996},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-1569},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/36.1.70},
Abstract = {The integration of craniofacial elements during development
in mammals is studied in a phylogenetic approach.
Developmental series of four metatherian (marsupial) and
five Eutherian (placental) taxa are examined, and the
sequence of emergence of major characters of the central
nervous system, the cranial skeleton and the cranial
musculature is reconstructed. These sequences are
transformed into a series of characters that are then mapped
onto the phylogeny of the taxa. This phylogenetic approach
makes it possible to distinguish between characters that are
uniform across all mammals, and those that differentiate
marsupials and placentals. The most significant difference
between the two groups involves the relative timing of the
development of the central nervous system and the somatic
system. The central nervous system differentiates far in
advance of the bones and muscles of the head in eutherians.
In metatherians, somatic elements, particularly of the face,
are accelerated. Additional other differences between the
two groups of mammals are discussed. Many elements, however,
are unchanged, and develop in a consistent relation despite
overall shifts in development. These data are used to test
several hypotheses on the ways that cranial development in
mammals is integrated.},
Doi = {10.1093/icb/36.1.70},
Key = {fds230841}
}
@article{fds230840,
Author = {Smith, KK},
Title = {Development of craniofacial musculature in Monodelphis
domestica (Marsupialia, Didelphidae).},
Journal = {Journal of morphology},
Volume = {222},
Number = {2},
Pages = {149-173},
Year = {1994},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0362-2525},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7799438},
Abstract = {Development of craniofacial muscles of Monodelphis domestica
(Marsupialia, Didelphidae) is described. In a period of 4-6
days all craniofacial muscles in M. domestica progress from
myoblast condensation, to striated myofibers that are
aligned in the direction of adult muscles and possess
multiple, lateral nuclei. This process begins 1 to 2 days
before birth and continues during the first few days after
birth. Compared to other aspects of cranial development,
muscle development in M. domestica is rapid. This rapid and
more or less simultaneous emergence of craniofacial muscles
differs from the previously described pattern of development
of the cranial skeleton in marsupials, which displays a
mosaic of acceleration and deceleration of regions and
individual elements. Unlike the skeletal system,
craniofacial muscles show no evidence of regional
specialization during development. M. domestica resembles
eutherian mammals in the relatively rapid and more or less
simultaneous differentiation of all craniofacial muscles. It
differs from eutherian taxa in that most stages of
myogenesis occur postnatally, following the onset of
function. The timing of the development of muscular and
skeletal structures is compared and it is concluded that the
relatively early development of muscle is not reflected by
any particular acceleration of the differentiation or growth
of skeletal structures. Finally, the difficulties in
accounting for complex internal arrangements of muscles such
as the tongue, given current models of myogenesis are
summarized.},
Doi = {10.1002/jmor.1052220204},
Key = {fds230840}
}
@article{fds230818,
Author = {Smith, KK},
Title = {Are neuromotor systems conserved in evolution?},
Journal = {Brain, behavior and evolution},
Volume = {43},
Number = {6},
Pages = {293-305},
Year = {1994},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0006-8977},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8044671},
Abstract = {Hypotheses that neuromotor systems are conserved during
evolution are examined. Focus is on the fundamental
assumption underlying such hypotheses, that neuromotor
patterns are homologous. The criteria for testing hypotheses
of homology are briefly reviewed and applied to several
cases in which neuromotor conservatism has been proposed. It
is concluded that few studies of neuromotor conservatism are
complete enough to convincingly corroborate a hypothesis of
homology. Particular problems include an absence of specific
definitions of the parameters designating the conserved
neuromotor pattern and the lack of sufficiently broad and
detailed phylogenetic tests. The hypothesis that
terrestrially feeding vertebrates exhibit a conservative
feeding program, which has acted as a constraint in
evolution, receives particular attention and it is concluded
that existing data do not support this hypothesis.},
Doi = {10.1159/000113641},
Key = {fds230818}
}
@article{fds230839,
Author = {Smith, KK},
Title = {The conservation of neuromotor systems in
evolution.},
Journal = {Brain, Behavior and Evolution.},
Volume = {43},
Pages = {293-305},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds230839}
}
@article{fds230817,
Author = {Clark, CT and Smith, KK},
Title = {Cranial osteogenesis in Monodelphis domestica (Didelphidae)
and Macropus eugenii (Macropodidae).},
Journal = {Journal of morphology},
Volume = {215},
Number = {2},
Pages = {119-149},
Year = {1993},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0362-2525},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8445660},
Abstract = {The pattern of onset and general rate of cranial
ossification are compared in two marsupials, Monodelphis
domestica (Didelphidae) and Macropus eugenii (Macropodidae).
In both species a similar suite of bones is present at
birth, specifically those surrounding the oral cavity and
the exoccipital, and in both postnatal events follow a
similar course. The facial skeleton matures more rapidly
than the neurocranium, which is characterized by an extended
period of ossification. Most dermal bones begin ossification
before most endochondral bones. Endochondral bones of the
neurocranium are particularly extended in both the period of
onset of ossification and the rate of ossification. These
data confirm suggestions that morphology at birth is
conservative in marsupials and we hypothesize that the
pattern of cranial osteogenesis is related to two distinct
demands. Bones that are accelerated in marsupials are
correlated with a number of functional adaptations including
head movements during migration, attachment to the teat, and
suckling. However, the very slow osteogenesis of the
neurocranium is probably correlated with the very extended
period of neurogenesis. Marsupials appear to be derived
relative to both monotreme and placental mammals in the
precocious ossification of the bones surrounding the oral
cavity, but share with monotremes an extended period of
neurocranial osteogenesis.},
Doi = {10.1002/jmor.1052150203},
Key = {fds230817}
}
@article{fds300066,
Author = {SMITH, KK},
Title = {The evolution of the mammalian pharynx},
Journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society},
Volume = {104},
Number = {4},
Pages = {313-349},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {1992},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0024-4082},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1992HU19600002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Data derived from studies of comparative anatomy,
development, neuroanatomy, behaviour and the reconstruction
of fossils are combined to evaluate the evolution of the
oral‐pharyngeal region in mammals. An important event in
the evolution of the mammalian feeding apparatus was the
development of a novel neuromuscular apparatus, consisting
of a large series of striated muscles. The most important of
these muscles are the pharyngeal elevators and constrictors,
which appear to be without homologues in other amniotes. In
addition to considerable peripheral neural and muscular
modifications, the motor nuclei of the brain stem in mammals
exhibit significant differences from other amniotes. The
morphological features characteristic of mammals are
reflected in behavioural differences, most significantly
during swallowing and suckling. The neuromuscular changes in
the mammalian oral‐pharyngeal apparatus are at least as
extensive as those involving the masticatory system, and
have importance far beyond the separation of the airway and
foodway, the foci of most previous studies. The hypothesis
of neuromuscular conservativism in the evolution of the
mammalian feeding mechanism is considered and it is
concluded that few data exist to support this hypothesis.
Copyright © 1992, Wiley Blackwell. All rights
reserved},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1096-3642.1992.tb00926.x},
Key = {fds300066}
}
@article{fds300062,
Author = {SMITH, KK},
Title = {HETEROCHRONIES IN CRANIOFACIAL DEVELOPMENT IN EUTHERIAN AND
METATHERIAN MAMMALS},
Journal = {AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST},
Volume = {31},
Number = {5},
Pages = {A54-A54},
Publisher = {AMER SOC ZOOLOGISTS},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-1569},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1991GV28500211&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds300062}
}
@article{fds230815,
Author = {Smith, KK and Mackay, KA},
Title = {The morphology of the intrinsic tongue musculature in snakes
(Reptilia, ophidia): Functional and phylogenetic
implications.},
Journal = {Journal of morphology},
Volume = {205},
Number = {3},
Pages = {307-324},
Year = {1990},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0362-2525},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052050306},
Abstract = {Tongue musculature in 24 genera of snakes was examined
histologically. In all snakes, the tongue is composed of a
few main groups of muscles. The M. hyoglossus is a paired
bundle in the center of the tongue. The posterior regions of
the tongue possess musculature that surrounds these bundles
and is responsible for protrusion. Anterior tongue regions
contain hyoglossal bundles, dorsal longitudinal muscle
bundles and vertical and transverse bundles, which are
perpendicular to the long axis of the tongue. The
interaction of the longitudinal with the vertical and
horizontal muscles is responsible for bending during tongue
flicking. Despite general similarities, distinct patterns of
intrinsic tongue musculature characterize each infraorder of
snakes. The Henophidia are primitive; the Scolecophidia and
Caenophidia are each distinguished by derived characters.
These derived characters support hypotheses that these
latter taxa are each monophyletic. Cylindrophis (Anilioidea)
is in some characters intermediate between Booidea and
Colubroidea. The condition in the Booidea resembles the
lizard condition; however, no synapomorphies of tongue
musculature confirm a relationship with any specific lizard
family. Although the pattern of colubroids appears to be the
most biomechanically specialized, as yet no behavioral or
performance feature has been identified to distinguish them
from other snakes.},
Doi = {10.1002/jmor.1052050306},
Key = {fds230815}
}
@article{fds230816,
Author = {Smith, KK and Redford, KH},
Title = {The anatomy and function of the feeding apparatus in two
armadillos (Dasypoda): anatomy is not destiny},
Journal = {Journal of Zoology},
Volume = {222},
Number = {1},
Pages = {27-47},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1990},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0952-8369},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1990.tb04027.x},
Abstract = {The morphology and function of the masticatory apparatus in
two armadillos, Dasypus novemcinctus and Euphractus
sexcinctus are compared. Euphractus sexcinctus, a species
restricted to South America, is omnivorous, eating a wide
range of foods, including significant amounts of plant
material and carrion. Dasypus novemcinctus is geographically
the most widespread of all armadillos, ranging from northern
Argentina into the United States. It is insectivorous‐omnivorous,
apparently consuming whatever it encounters in the leaf
litter. In South and Central America, this leads to a diet
with a large proportion of ants and termites; in North
America, the diet is considerably broadened. The teeth, jaws
and jaw musculature of E. sexcinctus are large and the
configuration of the jaws maximizes force production.
Dasypus novemcinctus possesses derived morphology relative
to the primitive condition in armadillos and exhibits many
characteristics of ant and termite‐eating mammals,
including reduced jaw muscles, teeth and facial bones. The
apparent morphological specializations for myrmecophagy in
D. novemcinctus do not, however, constrain its diet to ants
and termites. It is broadly omnivorous, especially in North
America. Our data highlight the difficulties in predicting
diet from morphological analysis and raise questions
concerning the behavioural limits imposed by morphological
specialization. Copyright © 1990, Wiley Blackwell. All
rights reserved},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7998.1990.tb04027.x},
Key = {fds230816}
}
@article{fds230813,
Author = {Kier, WM and Smith, KK and Miyan, JA},
Title = {Electromyography of the fin musculature of the cuttlefish
Sepia officinalis.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Volume = {143},
Pages = {17-31},
Year = {1989},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.143.1.17},
Abstract = {The musculature of the fins of the cuttlefish Sepia
officinalis (Mollusca, Cephalopoda) was studied with
electromyography to test predictions of the functional role
of the various muscle masses. Previous research had shown
the fins to consist of a tightly packed, three-dimensional
array of muscle with distinct zones of anaerobic glycolytic
and oxidative muscle fibres. In addition, a network of
crossed oblique connective tissue fibres was observed within
the musculature. In a previous paper a model of the function
of the muscle and connective tissue was presented. In the
present paper, we present recordings of electrical activity
from the various muscle bundles in the fin, in conjunction
with the output from an electronic movement-monitoring
device, and correlate muscle activity with both the phase
and the intensity of the fin-beat cycle. The results
obtained here support the hypothesis that the oxidative
muscle fibres produce gentle fin movements and are
consistent with the hypothesis that the network of crossed
oblique connective tissue fibres provides skeletal support.
The results also support predictions that the anaerobic
glycolytic muscle fibres both produce vigorous fin movements
and provide support for that movement. This study provides a
critical test of models of the role of the tightly packed,
three-dimensional array of muscle found in muscular
hydrostats such as the arms and tentacles of cephalopods and
tongues of mammals and lizards.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.143.1.17},
Key = {fds230813}
}
@article{fds230814,
Author = {Smith, KK},
Title = {Histological demonstration of muscle spindles in the tongue
of the rat.},
Journal = {Archives of oral biology},
Volume = {34},
Number = {7},
Pages = {529-534},
Year = {1989},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-9969},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2532002},
Abstract = {The presence and distribution of neuromuscular spindles in
the lingual musculature of the laboratory rat is described.
The findings counter the commonly held belief that
neuromuscular spindles are not found in the tongue
musculature of non-primate mammals. The hypothesis that
fundamentally different neural systems control lingual
movements in primate and non-primate mammals therefore
cannot be supported. The differences in the distribution of
spindles in primate and non-primate mammals may be related
to the patterns of lingual movements and the distribution of
muscle fibre types.},
Doi = {10.1016/0003-9969(89)90091-5},
Key = {fds230814}
}
@article{fds300058,
Author = {SMITH, KK and MACKAY, KA},
Title = {FUNCTIONAL AND PHYLOGENETIC SIGNIFICANCE OF SNAKE TONGUE
MORPHOLOGY},
Journal = {AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST},
Volume = {29},
Number = {4},
Pages = {A122-A122},
Publisher = {AMER SOC ZOOLOGISTS},
Year = {1989},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-1569},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1989CQ51800496&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds300058}
}
@article{fds300060,
Author = {SMITH, KK and KIER, WM},
Title = {TRUNKS, TONGUES, AND TENTACLES - MOVING WITH SKELETONS OF
MUSCLE},
Journal = {AMERICAN SCIENTIST},
Volume = {77},
Number = {1},
Pages = {29-35},
Publisher = {SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC},
Year = {1989},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-0996},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1989R861900014&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds300060}
}
@article{fds230812,
Author = {Smith, KK},
Title = {Form and function of the tongue in agamid lizards with
comments on its phylogenetic significance.},
Journal = {Journal of morphology},
Volume = {196},
Number = {2},
Pages = {157-171},
Year = {1988},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0362-2525},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3385774},
Abstract = {The morphology of the tongue of agamid lizards is reviewed
and discussed in the context of its functional and
phylogenetic significance. It is shown that in several
features, including the development of the central
musculature of the tongue into a ring muscle and the
presence of a genioglossus internus muscle in adults, the
tongue in most agamids is derived relative to that in other
squamates. In some features, such as the vertical connective
tissue septa, agamids share primitive features with
Sphenodon. Some conditions found in agamids are also found
in anoline iguanids. Two genera, Uromastyx and Leiolepis,
differ significantly from other agamids in intrinsic tongue
musculature. The functional significance of the unique
tongue morphology is that agamids utilize a different
mechanism of tongue protrusion from that of other lizards.
This mechanism involves the production of force against the
lingual process, leading to an anterior slide of the tongue,
and is detailed in this paper. Finally, I discuss the
mechanical basis for the transformation series of tongue
protrusion mechanisms from agamids to chamaeleonids. It is
suggested that the mechanism of tongue protrusion in
chamaeleonids is not unique, but is a highly derived state
of the condition found in agamids.},
Doi = {10.1002/jmor.1051960205},
Key = {fds230812}
}
@article{fds300063,
Author = {SMITH, KK and REDFORD, KH},
Title = {MORPHOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE JAW APPARATUS IN 2
ARMADILLOS},
Journal = {AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST},
Volume = {28},
Number = {4},
Pages = {A175-A175},
Publisher = {AMER SOC ZOOLOGISTS},
Year = {1988},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-1569},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1988R292100706&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds300063}
}
@article{fds300065,
Author = {SMITH, KK},
Title = {THE TONGUE IN AGAMID LIZARDS - FUNCTIONAL AND PHYLOGENETIC
SIGNIFICANCE},
Journal = {AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST},
Volume = {27},
Number = {4},
Pages = {A104-A104},
Publisher = {AMER SOC ZOOLOGISTS},
Year = {1987},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-1569},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1987L706200422&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds300065}
}
@article{fds300074,
Author = {Smith, KK},
Title = {Formal assessment},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {323},
Number = {6087},
Pages = {404-404},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {1986},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1986E225700038&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1038/323404a0},
Key = {fds300074}
}
@article{fds230811,
Author = {Smith, KK},
Title = {Morphology and function of the tongue and hyoid apparatus in
Varanus (Varanidae, Lacertilia).},
Journal = {Journal of morphology},
Volume = {187},
Number = {3},
Pages = {261-287},
Year = {1986},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051870302},
Abstract = {The morphology and function of the tongue and hyoid
apparatus in Varanus were examined by anatomical and
experimental techniques. Morphological features unique to
Varanus include a highly protrusible tongue that has lost a
roughened dorsal surface, an exceptionally strong and mobile
hyobranchial apparatus, a well-defined joint between the
ceratohyal and anterior process, and a series of distinct
muscles inserting at the anterior hyobranchial region.
Varanus is also unusual among lizards in a number of feeding
behaviors; it ingests prey entirely by inertial feeding, as
the tongue does not participate in food transport. Further
specializations include an increased reliance on
hyobranchial movements in drinking and pharyngeal packing
and compression. The long, narrow tongue is most likely
related to the mechanics of tongue protrusion; the increased
amount, strength, and complexity of hyobranchial movement is
related to the fact that the hyobranchium in Varanus
replaces the tongue in many functions. Previous hypotheses
for the origin of these adaptations are discussed, and the
difficulties of attributing these specializations to any
specific scenario of adaptation or constraint are
emphasized.},
Doi = {10.1002/jmor.1051870302},
Key = {fds230811}
}
@article{fds230809,
Author = {Smith, KK and Hylander, WL},
Title = {Strain gauge measurement of mesokinetic movement in the
lizard Varanus exanthematicus.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Volume = {114},
Pages = {53-70},
Year = {1985},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0022-0949},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4009109},
Abstract = {Single-element strain gauges were placed across the
mesokinetic joint of the skull of the savanna monitor
lizard, Varanus exanthematicus Bosc, in order to document
the extent and timing of mesokinetic movement. In addition,
rosette strain gauges were placed on various points of the
palato-maxillary segment. Strain recordings and simultaneous
cineradiographic films or videotapes were taken during
normal feeding activities, including the strike, prey
manipulation, ingestion and pharyngeal compression. Tensile
strain, indicating lowering (retraction) of the
palato-maxillary segment, was observed during all stages of
feeding. Compressive strain, indicating lifting
(protraction) of the palato-maxillary segment, generally
appeared briefly in the strike and during pharyngeal
compression. Maximum tensile strains were always larger than
maximum compressive strains within each sequence. The
highest levels of tensile strain occurred during prey
manipulation periods, which were characterized by isometric
biting. Strain on the palato-maxillary segment revealed a
pattern of timing similar to the one at the mesokinetic
joint, although strain levels were at least an order of
magnitude lower. These data directly contradict conventional
models of the function of the kinetic skull in lizards. We
conclude that the kinetic apparatus in lizards is not a
mechanism for actively moving the palato-maxillary unit and
is therefore not a mechanism for increasing gape or actively
controlling upper jaw movements.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.114.1.53},
Key = {fds230809}
}
@article{fds230810,
Author = {KIER, WM and SMITH, KK},
Title = {Tongues, tentacles and trunks: the biomechanics of movement
in muscular‐hydrostats},
Journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society},
Volume = {83},
Number = {4},
Pages = {307-324},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {1985},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0024-4082},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1985.tb01178.x},
Abstract = {Muscular‐hydrostats, muscular organs which lack typical
systems of skeletal support, include the tongues of mammals
and lizards, the arms and tentacles of cephalopod molluscs
and the trunks of elephants. In this paper the means by
which such organs produce elongation, shortening, bending
and torsion are discussed. The most important biomechanical
feature of muscular‐hydrostats is that their volume is
constant, so that any decrease in one dimension will cause a
compensatory increase in at least one other dimension.
Elongation of a muscular‐hydrostat is produced by
contraction of transverse, circular or radial muscles which
decrease the cross‐section. Shortening is produced by
contraction of longitudinal muscles. The relation between
length and width of a constant volume structure allows
amplification of muscle force or displacement in
muscular‐hydrostats and other hydrostatic systems. Bending
requires simultaneous contraction of longitudinal and
antagonistic circular, transverse or radial muscles. In
bending, one muscle mass acts as an effector of movement
while the alternate muscle mass provides support for that
movement. Torsion is produced by contraction of muscles
which wrap the muscular‐hydrostat in a helical fashion.
Copyright © 1985, Wiley Blackwell. All rights
reserved},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1096-3642.1985.tb01178.x},
Key = {fds230810}
}
@article{fds300073,
Author = {Smith, KK},
Title = {The use of the tongue and hyoid apparatus during feeding in
lizards (Ctenosaura similis and Tupinambis
nigropunctatus)},
Journal = {Journal of Zoology},
Volume = {202},
Number = {1},
Pages = {115-143},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1984},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0952-8369},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1984SA49300005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {The use of the tongue and hyoid is examined in
cineradiographic and electromyographic investigations of
feeding in two species of lizards, Ctenosaura similis
(Iguanidae) and Tupinambis nigropunctatus (Teiidae). In both
animals food is transported through the oral cavity by
regular cycles of the tongue. Tongue movements correlate
with jaw and hyoid movement. Similarities between the two
animals in the use of the tongue in food transport, lapping,
pharyngeal packing, and pharyngeal emptying are detailed.
Mechanisms of tongue protrusion are examined and it is shown
that the tongue in Tupinambis is relatively more protrusible
than in Ctenosaura. This difference is complementary with
data on the greater reliance of Tupinambis on the tongue as
a sensory organ. Tupinambis further differs from Ctenosaura
in possessing a greater mobility of the hyoid. In many
features of tongue use in food transport, lizards resemble
mammals, supporting postulations of a basic pattern of
intra‐oral food transport. However, whether this pattern
can be attributed to convergence or a common, primitive
neural pattern of control cannot be distinguished. Lizards
lack two major characteristics of mammalian food transport:
regular masticatory cycles and an internal swallowing
mechanism. Copyright © 1984, Wiley Blackwell. All rights
reserved},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7998.1984.tb04290.x},
Key = {fds300073}
}
@article{fds300056,
Author = {Kier, WM and Smith, KK},
Title = {The biomechanics of movement in tongues and
tentacles},
Journal = {Journal of Biomechanics},
Volume = {16},
Number = {4},
Pages = {292-293},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1983},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0021-9290},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1983QR88300045&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1016/0021-9290(83)90176-8},
Key = {fds300056}
}
@article{fds300059,
Author = {KIER, WM and SMITH, KK},
Title = {TONGUES, TENTACLES AND TRUNKS - THE BIOMECHANICS OF MOVEMENT
IN MUSCULAR-HYDROSTATS},
Journal = {AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST},
Volume = {23},
Number = {4},
Pages = {904-904},
Publisher = {AMER SOC ZOOLOGISTS},
Year = {1983},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-1569},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1983RT14000112&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds300059}
}
@article{fds300064,
Author = {SMITH, KK},
Title = {THE MORPHOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE TONGUE IN
LIZARDS},
Journal = {AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST},
Volume = {23},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1028-1028},
Publisher = {AMER SOC ZOOLOGISTS},
Year = {1983},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-1569},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1983RT14000607&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds300064}
}
@article{fds230808,
Author = {Smith, KK},
Title = {An electromyographic study of the function of the jaw
adducting muscles in Varanus exanthematicus
(varanidae).},
Journal = {Journal of morphology},
Volume = {173},
Number = {2},
Pages = {137-158},
Year = {1982},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051730203},
Abstract = {The function of major features of the skull of Varanus
exanthematicus during feeding was examined using
cineradiography and electromyography. During the initial
stages of feeding, Varanus grabs and orients a prey item in
the mouth with no mastication, tearing of the prey, or
killing bite. Ingestion is through a highly stereotyped
movement, inertial feeding. The tongue plays no role in food
transport. Once the prey is in the pharyngeal region, the
hyoid apparatus squeezes the prey into the esophagus and
stomach. Activity of jaw adducting muscles during prey
orientation and inertial feeding is strikingly different. In
prey orientation, the adductor musculature is active over
long periods, and intermuscular differentiation and
unilateral activity are common. During these phases the
musculature is producing force against the resistance of the
prey item held between the teeth. In inertial feeding, the
jaw musculature functions to close the jaws rapidly against
little resistance. A consistent pattern of intramuscular
differentiation is present, with some portions of the
musculature being active during both jaw opening and
closing. Activity of the Mm. adductor mandibulae externus
and pterygoideus is indistinguishable. Neither meso- nor
metakinetic movement was observed during inertial feeding;
resolution of interacranial movement was less certain during
power phases. The quadrate moved during jaw opening and
closing in inertial feeding. However, its movement was not
linked with that of the palatomaxillary segment. These data
are discussed in three contexts: cranial kinesis,
intramuscular differentiation, and the mechanics of whole
muscles.},
Doi = {10.1002/jmor.1051730203},
Key = {fds230808}
}
@article{fds300075,
Author = {SMITH, KK and HYLANDER, WL},
Title = {STRAIN-GAUGE MEASUREMENT OF MESOKINETIC MOVEMENT IN
VARANUS-EXANTHEMATICUS},
Journal = {AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST},
Volume = {22},
Number = {4},
Pages = {924-924},
Publisher = {AMER SOC ZOOLOGISTS},
Year = {1982},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-1569},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1982PT53700300&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds300075}
}
@article{fds230807,
Author = {Smith, KK},
Title = {Mechanical significance of streptostyly in lizards
[20]},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {283},
Number = {5749},
Pages = {778-779},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1980},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/283778a0},
Abstract = {The morphology of the lizard skull has been a subject of
study for more than a century, particularly with respect to
the morphology and function of the major jaw adducting
muscles1-5 and the mechanics of the moving parts6-9. It is
possible that controversies surrounding the extent and
timing of bone movement, muscle contraction and force
generation will be resolved by techniques such as
electromyography, cineradiography and measurement of bone
strain3,10. I present here data that facilitate a
reconsideration of the function of the pterygoideus muscle,
one of the two major jaw adducting muscles, and the
mechanical significance of movements of the quadrate around
the quadrate-squamosal joint. This movement, known as
streptostyly6 occurs in all living lizards11 and also
characterises the earliest members of the order12-14. On the
basis of my data I propose that streptostyly in lizards is a
means by which the mechanical advantage of the pterygoideus
muscle is increased, so that this muscle makes a major
contribution to bite force. © 1980 Nature Publishing
Group.},
Doi = {10.1038/283778a0},
Key = {fds230807}
}
%% Smyth, Kendra
@article{fds325751,
Author = {Smyth, KN and Greene, LK and Clutton-Brock, T and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Androgens predict parasitism in female meerkats: a new
perspective on a classic trade-off.},
Journal = {Biology Letters},
Volume = {12},
Number = {10},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0660},
Abstract = {The immunocompetence handicap hypothesis posits that
androgens in males can be a 'double-edged sword', actively
promoting reproductive success, while also negatively
impacting health. Because there can be both substantial
androgen concentrations in females and significant
androgenic variation among them, particularly in species
portraying female social dominance over males or intense
female-female competition, androgens might also play a role
in mediating female health and fitness. We examined this
hypothesis in the meerkat (Suricata suricatta), a
cooperatively breeding, social carnivoran characterized by
aggressively mediated female social dominance and extreme
rank-related reproductive skew. Dominant females also have
greater androgen concentrations and harbour greater parasite
loads than their subordinate counterparts, but the
relationship between concurrent androgen concentrations and
parasite burdens is unknown. We found that a female's faecal
androgen concentrations reliably predicted her concurrent
state of endoparasitism irrespective of her social status:
parasite species richness and infection by Spirurida
nematodes, Oxynema suricattae, Pseudandrya suricattae and
coccidia were greater with greater androgen concentrations.
Based on gastrointestinal parasite burdens, females appear
to experience the same trade-off in the costs and benefits
of raised androgens as do the males of many species. This
trade-off presumably represents a health cost of sexual
selection operating in females.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2016.0660},
Key = {fds325751}
}
@article{fds217440,
Author = {Smyth, K. and Garcia, K. and Sun, Z. and Tuo, W. and Xiao,
Z.},
Title = {TLR agonists are highly effective at eliciting functional
memory CTLs of effector memory phenotype in peptide
immunization},
Journal = {International Immunopharmacology},
Volume = {15},
Number = {1},
Pages = {67-72},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds217440}
}
@article{fds210171,
Author = {Xiao, Z. and Sun, Z. and Smyth, K. and Li, L.},
Title = {Wnt signaling inhibits CTL memory programming through
suppression of T-bet and mTOR pathways},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds210171}
}
@article{fds210172,
Author = {Garcia, K. and Sun, Z. and Smyth, K. and Li, L. and Xiao,
Z.},
Title = {IL-12 is required for mTOR regulation of memory CTLs during
virus infection},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds210172}
}
@article{fds210169,
Author = {Smyth, K. and Garcia, K. and Sun, Z. and Tuo, W. and Xiao,
Z.},
Title = {Repetitive peptide boosting progressively enhances
functional memory CTLs},
Journal = {Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications},
Volume = {424},
Number = {3},
Pages = {635-640},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds210169}
}
%% Solis, Alma
@article{fds376641,
Author = {Guevara, E and Gopalan, S and Massey, DJ and Adegboyega, M and Zhou, W and Solis, A and Anaya, AD and Churchill, SE and Feldblum, J and Lawler,
RR},
Title = {Getting it right: Teaching undergraduate biology to
undermine racial essentialism.},
Journal = {Biology methods & protocols},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Pages = {bpad032},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomethods/bpad032},
Abstract = {How we teach human genetics matters for social equity. The
biology curriculum appears to be a crucial locus of
intervention for either reinforcing or undermining students'
racial essentialist views. The Mendelian genetic models
dominating textbooks, particularly in combination with
racially inflected language sometimes used when teaching
about monogenic disorders, can increase middle and high
school students' racial essentialism and opposition to
policies to increase equity. These findings are of
particular concern given the increasing spread of racist
misinformation online and the misappropriation of human
genomics research by white supremacists, who take advantage
of low levels of genetics literacy in the general public.
Encouragingly, however, teaching updated information about
the geographical distribution of human genetic variation and
the complex, multifactorial basis of most human traits,
reduces students' endorsement of racial essentialism. The
genetics curriculum is therefore a key tool in combating
misinformation and scientific racism. Here, we describe a
framework and example teaching materials for teaching
students key concepts in genetics, human evolutionary
history, and human phenotypic variation at the undergraduate
level. This framework can be flexibly applied in biology and
anthropology classes and adjusted based on time
availability. Our goal is to provide undergraduate-level
instructors with varying levels of expertise with a set of
evidence-informed tools for teaching human genetics to
combat scientific racism, including an evolving set of
instructional resources, as well as learning goals and
pedagogical approaches. Resources can be found at
https://noto.li/YIlhZ5. Additionally, we hope to generate
conversation about integrating modern genetics into the
undergraduate curriculum, in light of recent findings about
the risks and opportunities associated with teaching
genetics.},
Doi = {10.1093/biomethods/bpad032},
Key = {fds376641}
}
@article{fds376642,
Author = {Solis, A and Nunn, CL},
Title = {One health disparities and COVID-19.},
Journal = {Evolution, medicine, and public health},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {70-77},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoab003},
Abstract = {The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has
disproportionately affected some communities and populations
more than others. We propose that an interdisciplinary
framework of 'One Health Disparities' advances understanding
of the social and systemic issues that drive COVID-19 in
vulnerable populations. One Health Disparities integrates
the social environment with One Health perspectives on the
interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental
health. To apply this framework, we consider One Health
Disparities that emerge in three key components of disease
transmission: exposure, susceptibility, and disease
expression. Exposure disparities arise through variation in
contact with COVID-19's causative agent, SARS-CoV-2.
Disparities in susceptibility and disease expression also
exist; these are driven by biological and social factors,
such as diabetes and obesity, and through variation in
access to healthcare. We close by considering how One Health
Disparities informs understanding of spillback into new
animal reservoirs, and what this might mean for further
human health disparities.<h4>Lay summary</h4>One Health
focuses on interconnections between human, animal, and
environmental health. We propose that social environments
are also important to One Health and help illuminate
disparities in the coronavirus pandemic, including its
origins, transmission and susceptibility among humans, and
spillback to other species. We call this framework One
Health Disparities.},
Doi = {10.1093/emph/eoab003},
Key = {fds376642}
}
%% Struhsaker, Thomas T
@article{fds374908,
Author = {Chapman, CA and Angedakin, S and Butynski, TM and Gogarten, JF and Mitani, JC and Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Correction: Primate population dynamics in Ngogo, Kibale
National Park, Uganda, over nearly five decades.},
Journal = {Primates; journal of primatology},
Volume = {65},
Number = {2},
Pages = {135-136},
Year = {2024},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10329-023-01110-8},
Doi = {10.1007/s10329-023-01110-8},
Key = {fds374908}
}
@article{fds372695,
Author = {Chapman, CA and Angedakin, S and Butynski, TM and Gogarten, JF and Mitani, JC and Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Primate population dynamics in Ngogo, Kibale National Park,
Uganda, over nearly five decades.},
Journal = {Primates; journal of primatology},
Volume = {64},
Number = {6},
Pages = {609-620},
Year = {2023},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10329-023-01087-4},
Abstract = {Many anthropogenic-driven changes, such as hunting, have
clear and immediate negative impacts on wild primate
populations, but others, like climate change, may take
generations to become evident. Thus, informed conservation
plans will require decades of population monitoring. Here,
we expand the duration of monitoring of the diurnal primates
at Ngogo in Kibale National Park, Uganda, from 32.9 to 47
years. Over the 3531 censuses that covered 15,340 km, we
encountered 2767 primate groups. Correlation analyses using
blocks of 25 census walks indicate that encounters with
groups of black and white colobus, blue monkeys, and baboons
neither increased nor decreased significantly over time,
while encounters with groups of redtail monkeys and
chimpanzees marginally increased. Encounters with mangabeys
and L'Hoesti monkeys increased significantly, while red
colobus encounters dramatically decreased. Detailed studies
of specific groups at Ngogo document changes in abundances
that were not always well represented in the censuses
because these groups expanded into areas away from the
transect, such as nearby regenerating forest. For example,
the chimpanzee population increased steadily over the last
2 + decades but this increase is not revealed by our
census data because the chimpanzees expanded, mainly to the
west of the transect. This highlights that extrapolating
population trends to large areas based on censuses at single
locations should be done with extreme caution, as forests
change over time and space, and primates adapt to these
changes in several ways.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10329-023-01087-4},
Key = {fds372695}
}
@article{fds362971,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {The life of a naturalist.},
Journal = {Primates; journal of primatology},
Volume = {63},
Number = {3},
Pages = {195-215},
Year = {2022},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10329-022-00987-1},
Abstract = {This essay summarizes some of my findings while studying
primates in the field from 1962 to 2018. Although I have
studied primates throughout the tropics, I focused on
Africa, primarily the Kibale Forest of Uganda. My research
began in the early days of primate field studies when very
little was known about the behavior and ecology of most
species. Consequently, I was able to study nearly anything
that could be observed under natural conditions. It was not
necessary to specialize, and I opted to be a generalist. In
much of my work I have attempted to understand the
relationships between habitat quality, social organization,
and population dynamics, emphasizing the great intraspecific
variability that exists over time and between areas.
Vocalizations have also long been of interest to me,
starting with a description of predator-specific alarm calls
and later showing how vocalizations among African monkeys
appear to be evolutionarily stable. As my field experience
progressed, I became increasingly involved with the
conservation of tropical rain forests. In the last part of
this essay I offer my thoughts on current trends in field
primatology and some advice to the next generation of field
biologists, stressing the importance of being a
naturalist.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10329-022-00987-1},
Key = {fds362971}
}
@book{fds368803,
Author = {Struhsaker, T},
Title = {I Remember Africa: a Field Biologist's Half-Century
Perspective},
Pages = {604 pages},
Publisher = {Bookbaby},
Year = {2021},
Month = {December},
ISBN = {9781667805955},
Abstract = {The stories range from the savannas of East Africa to the
rain forests of Central and West Africa.},
Key = {fds368803}
}
@article{fds362240,
Author = {Mundy, BC and Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Paul James Struhsaker (1935–2018)},
Journal = {Ichthyology & Herpetology},
Volume = {109},
Number = {4},
Publisher = {American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
(ASIH)},
Year = {2021},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/t2021087},
Doi = {10.1643/t2021087},
Key = {fds362240}
}
@article{fds368804,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Growth Rates in the Giant Rosette Plants Dendrosenecio
adnivalis and Lobelia wollastonii on the Ruwenzori
Mountains, Uganda},
Journal = {Journal of East African Natural History},
Volume = {109},
Number = {2},
Publisher = {East African Natural History Society},
Year = {2021},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2982/028.109.0202},
Doi = {10.2982/028.109.0202},
Key = {fds368804}
}
@article{fds347156,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Diet of red-legged sun squirrels (Heliosciurus rufobrachium
Waterhouse) in Kibale National Park, Uganda: Implications
for seed defence},
Journal = {African Journal of Ecology},
Volume = {58},
Number = {3},
Pages = {588-591},
Year = {2020},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aje.12704},
Doi = {10.1111/aje.12704},
Key = {fds347156}
}
@article{fds362241,
Author = {Ribble, DO and Rathbun, L and Struhsaker, TT and Waser, PM and Allaway,
J},
Title = {In Memoriam: Galen Rathbun (1944–2019)},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalogy},
Volume = {101},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e1-e3},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2020},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyz207},
Doi = {10.1093/jmammal/gyz207},
Key = {fds362241}
}
@article{fds342191,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT and Angedakin, S and Landsmann,
A},
Title = {Facial and genital lesions in baboons (Papio anubis) of
Kibale National Park, Uganda.},
Journal = {Primates; journal of primatology},
Volume = {60},
Number = {2},
Pages = {109-112},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10329-019-00715-2},
Abstract = {We describe and document with digital images two adult male
baboons (Papio anubis) from the Kibale National Park, Uganda
who were infected with some kind of disease having clinical
signs suggestive of Treponema pallidum. One of these males
was missing his premaxilla, part of the maxilla, upper
incisors, canines, and possibly the first premolars. The
condition of his scrotum was not seen. The other adult male
had prominent inflammation of his scrotum and, to a lesser
extent, his penis. Otherwise, both males appeared normal and
healthy and were apparently well integrated into the same
social group. These observations suggest that an earlier
report of an adult female baboon living in the same area who
was missing her entire premaxilla and nose and most of her
maxilla may have been suffering from a similar infection,
rather than a congenital disorder, as previously speculated.
If these lesions were due to T. pallidum infections, then
this disease has a greater geographical distribution among
non-human primates than previously known.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10329-019-00715-2},
Key = {fds342191}
}
@article{fds347157,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Dietary Variability in Redtail Monkeys (Cercopithecus
ascanius schmidti) of Kibale National Park, Uganda: the Role
of Time, Space, and Hybridization},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {38},
Number = {5},
Pages = {914-941},
Year = {2017},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-017-9988-3},
Abstract = {Studies of the diet of different groups of the same species
allow us to understand intraspecific dietary variability. I
collected dietary data from six neighboring groups of
redtail monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius schmidti) and three
hybrid monkeys over 12 years at Ngogo and from one group at
Kanyawara in Kibale National Park, Uganda and compared these
results with previous studies of redtail diets elsewhere in
Kibale and from the Kakamega Forest of Kenya. I scored
feeding as a particular monkey ingesting a species-specific
plant part, or catching insects from a species-specific
substrate. A new feeding score was tallied for the same
combination of parameters only after a 30-min interval or if
the identity of one of the three parameters changed. I
counted trees along transects in the home ranges of the two
main study groups to calculate food selection ratios. I used
chi-square tests to compare diets between groups and time
periods and Spearman rank correlation coefficient tests for
dietary correlates. These comparisons reveal considerable
variation in plant parts and species eaten by redtails
between months, years, and neighboring groups with
overlapping ranges. Selection ratios show that some tree
species are important sources of plant food, while others
are more important as sources of invertebrates. The high
incidence of insectivory by redtails demonstrates another
ecological role they play in addition to seed dispersal. The
intrademic variation in diets I describe for Kibale was
often as great as and sometimes greater than the interdemic
variation. The diets of the hybrid monkeys at Ngogo differed
in some ways from their parental species, particularly in
their greater consumption of invertebrates. Introgression
may have led to some of these differences within and between
redtail demes. The pronounced variability in redtail diets
demonstrates why a typological perspective of species is
unwarranted and that the validity of interspecific
comparisons requires a thorough understanding of
intraspecific variation.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-017-9988-3},
Key = {fds347157}
}
@article{fds347158,
Author = {Goldberg, TL and Angedakin, S and Basuta, GMI and Brown, M and Butynski,
TM and Chapman, CA and Chapman, L and Gunter, S and Kato, I and Krief, JM and Krief, S and Lambert, JE and Langergraber, KE and Mitani, JC and Muller,
MN and Nelson, SV and Omeja, P and Otali, E and Potts, KB and Ross, EA and Rothman, JM and Rowney, C and Sande, E and Struhsaker, TT and Twinomugisha, D and Watts, DP and Weny, G and Wrangham,
RW},
Title = {Remembering Jerry Lwanga: A Perspective from His
Colleagues},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {37},
Number = {2},
Pages = {131-135},
Year = {2016},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-015-9888-3},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-015-9888-3},
Key = {fds347158}
}
@article{fds347159,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {A Tribute to Dr. Jerry Lwanga (7 June 1960-31 August
2015)},
Journal = {African Journal of Ecology},
Volume = {53},
Number = {4},
Pages = {617-618},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2015},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aje.12261},
Doi = {10.1111/aje.12261},
Key = {fds347159}
}
@article{fds362242,
Author = {Rothman, JM and Chapman, CA and Struhsaker, TT and Raubenheimer, D and Twinomugisha, D and Waterman, PG},
Title = {Long-term declines in nutritional quality of tropical
leaves.},
Journal = {Ecology},
Volume = {96},
Number = {3},
Pages = {873-878},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/14-0391.1},
Abstract = {Global change is affecting plant and animal populations and
many of the changes are likely subtle and difficult to
detect. Based on greenhouse experiments, changes in
temperature and rainfall, along with elevated CO2, are
expected to impact the nutritional quality of leaves. Here,
we show a decline in the quality of tree leaves 15 and 30
years after two previous studies in an undisturbed area of
tropical forest in Kibale National Park, Uganda. After 30
years in a sample of multiple individuals of ten tree
species, the mature leaves of all but one species increased
in fiber concentrations, with a mean increase of 10%; tagged
individuals of one species increased 13% in fiber. After 15
years, in eight tree species the fiber of young leaves
increased 15%, and protein decreased 6%. Like many
folivores, Kibale colobus monkeys select leaves with a high
protein-to-fiber ratio, so for these folivores declining
leaf quality could have a major impact. Comparisons among
African and Asian forests show a strong correlation between
colobine biomass and the protein-to-fiber ratio of the
mature leaves from common tree species. Although this model,
predicts a 31% decline in monkey abundance for Kibale, we
have not yet seen these declines.},
Doi = {10.1890/14-0391.1},
Key = {fds362242}
}
@article{fds347160,
Author = {Laurance, WF and Useche, DC and Rendeiro, J and Kalka, M and Bradshaw,
CJA and Sloan, SP and Laurance, SG and Campbell, M and Abernethy, K and Alvarez, P and Arroyo-Rodriguez, V and Ashton, P and Benítez-Malvido, J and Blom, A and Bobo, KS and Cannon, CH and Cao, M and Carroll, R and Chapman, C and Coates, R and Cords, M and Danielsen, F and De Dijn and B and Dinerstein, E and Donnelly, MA and Edwards, D and Edwards, F and Farwig, N and Fashing, P and Forget, P-M and Foster, M and Gale, G and Harris, D and Harrison, R and Hart, J and Karpanty, S and Kress, WJ and Krishnaswamy, J and Logsdon, W and Lovett, J and Magnusson, W and Maisels, F and Marshall, AR and McClearn, D and Mudappa, D and Nielsen, MR and Pearson, R and Pitman, N and van der
Ploeg, J and Plumptre, A and Poulsen, J and Quesada, M and Rainey, H and Robinson, D and Roetgers, C and Rovero, F and Scatena, F and Schulze, C and Sheil, D and Struhsaker, T and Terborgh, J and Thomas, D and Timm, R and Urbina-Cardona, JN and Vasudevan, K and Wright, SJ and Arias-G, JC and Arroyo, L and Ashton, M and Auzel, P and Babaasa, D and Babweteera, F and Baker, P and Banki, O and Bass, M and Bila-Isia, I and Blake, S and Brockelman, W and Brokaw, N and Brühl, CA and Bunyavejchewin, S and Chao, J-T and Chave, J and Chellam, R and Clark, CJ and Clavijo, J and Congdon, R and Corlett, R and Dattaraja, HS and Dave, C and Davies, G and Beisiegel, BDM and da Silva, RDNP and Di Fiore and A and Diesmos, A and Dirzo, R and Doran-Sheehy, D and Eaton, M and Emmons, L and Estrada, A and Ewango, C and Fedigan, L and Feer, F and Fruth, B and Willis, JG and Goodale, U and Goodman, S and Guix, JC and Guthiga, P and Haber, W and Hamer, K and Herbinger, I and Hill, J and Huang, Z and Sun, IF and Ickes,
K and Itoh, A and Ivanauskas, N and Jackes, B and Janovec, J and Janzen, D and Jiangming, M and Jin, C and Jones, T and Justiniano, H and Kalko, E and Kasangaki, A and Killeen, T and King, H-B and Klop, E and Knott, C and Koné, I and Kudavidanage, E and Ribeiro, JLDS and Lattke, J and Laval,
R and Lawton, R and Leal, M and Leighton, M and Lentino, M and Leonel, C and Lindsell, J and Ling-Ling, L and Linsenmair, KE and Losos, E and Lugo,
A and Lwanga, J and Mack, AL and Martins, M and McGraw, WS and McNab, R and Montag, L and Thompson, JM and Nabe-Nielsen, J and Nakagawa, M and Nepal, S and Norconk, M and Novotny, V and O'Donnell, S and Opiang, M and Ouboter, P and Parker, K and Parthasarathy, N and Pisciotta, K and Prawiradilaga, D and Pringle, C and Rajathurai, S and Reichard, U and Reinartz, G and Renton, K and Reynolds, G and Reynolds, V and Riley, E and Rödel, M-O and Rothman, J and Round, P and Sakai, S and Sanaiotti, T and Savini, T and Schaab, G and Seidensticker, J and Siaka, A and Silman,
MR and Smith, TB and de Almeida, SS and Sodhi, N and Stanford, C and Stewart, K and Stokes, E and Stoner, KE and Sukumar, R and Surbeck, M and Tobler, M and Tscharntke, T and Turkalo, A and Umapathy, G and van
Weerd, M and Rivera, JV and Venkataraman, M and Venn, L and Verea, C and de
Castilho, CV and Waltert, M and Wang, B and Watts, D and Weber, W and West,
P and Whitacre, D and Whitney, K and Wilkie, D and Williams, S and Wright,
DD and Wright, P and Xiankai, L and Yonzon, P and Zamzani,
F},
Title = {Averting biodiversity collapse in tropical forest protected
areas.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {489},
Number = {7415},
Pages = {290-294},
Year = {2012},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature11318},
Abstract = {The rapid disruption of tropical forests probably imperils
global biodiversity more than any other contemporary
phenomenon. With deforestation advancing quickly, protected
areas are increasingly becoming final refuges for threatened
species and natural ecosystem processes. However, many
protected areas in the tropics are themselves vulnerable to
human encroachment and other environmental stresses. As
pressures mount, it is vital to know whether existing
reserves can sustain their biodiversity. A critical
constraint in addressing this question has been that data
describing a broad array of biodiversity groups have been
unavailable for a sufficiently large and representative
sample of reserves. Here we present a uniquely comprehensive
data set on changes over the past 20 to 30 years in 31
functional groups of species and 21 potential drivers of
environmental change, for 60 protected areas stratified
across the world’s major tropical regions. Our analysis
reveals great variation in reserve ‘health’: about half
of all reserves have been effective or performed passably,
but the rest are experiencing an erosion of biodiversity
that is often alarmingly widespread taxonomically and
functionally. Habitat disruption, hunting and forest-product
exploitation were the strongest predictors of declining
reserve health. Crucially, environmental changes immediately
outside reserves seemed nearly as important as those inside
in determining their ecological fate, with changes inside
reserves strongly mirroring those occurring around them.
These findings suggest that tropical protected areas are
often intimately linked ecologically to their surrounding
habitats, and that a failure to stem broad-scale loss and
degradation of such habitats could sharply increase the
likelihood of serious biodiversity declines.},
Doi = {10.1038/nature11318},
Key = {fds347160}
}
@article{fds347161,
Author = {Lwanga, JS and Struhsaker, TT and Struhsaker, PJ and Butynski, TM and Mitani, JC},
Title = {Primate population dynamics over 32.9 years at Ngogo, Kibale
National Park, Uganda.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {73},
Number = {10},
Pages = {997-1011},
Year = {2011},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20965},
Abstract = {We present census data for eight primate species spanning
32.9 years along the same transect at Ngogo, Kibale National
Park, Uganda, demonstrating major changes in the composition
of the primate community. Correlated with an estimated
decline of ∼89% in the red colobus population was an
increase in encounter rates with chimpanzee parties. Our
data, along with the unusually high rates of predation by
chimpanzees on red colobus at Ngogo and the fact that the
chimpanzee community at Ngogo is the largest ever recorded,
support the conclusion that the red colobus decline was
caused primarily by chimpanzee predation. This seems to be
the first documented case of predation by one nonhuman
primate causing the population decline in another. We
evaluated disease and interspecific competition as other
possible causes of the red colobus decline, but judged them
to be relatively insignificant compared with predation by
chimpanzees. Notable changes in encounter rates with other
primate species may have resulted from forest expansion.
Those for mangabeys, redtails, and black and white colobus
increased significantly. Encounter rates increased for
l'Hoest's monkeys too, but the increased sightings may have
been an artifact of increased habituation. Sightings of blue
monkey and baboon groups declined. There was no significant
change in encounter rates for all species combined. The
Ngogo primate community seemed to be in a nonequilibrium
state, changing from one dominated by two species, a
folivore (red colobus) and a frugivorous omnivore
(redtails), to one dominated by three species of frugivorous
omnivores (redtails, mangabeys, and chimpanzees). This study
demonstrates the importance of long-term monitoring in
understanding population dynamics and the role of intrinsic
variables in shaping the species composition of a
community.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.20965},
Key = {fds347161}
}
@article{fds324361,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT and Chapman, CA and Pope, TR and Marcus,
JR},
Title = {Healthy baboon with no upper jaw or nose: an extreme case of
adaptability in the Kibale National Park,
Uganda.},
Journal = {Primates},
Volume = {52},
Number = {1},
Pages = {15-18},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10329-010-0224-4},
Abstract = {We describe and document with digital images an adult female
baboon (Papio anubis) from the Kibale National Park, Uganda,
who was missing all but the basal part of her upper jaw and
nose, i.e., no premaxilla and very little of the maxilla and
nasal bones. She appeared otherwise healthy, well integrated
into a social group, and apparently reproducing, based on
the fact that she was grooming a juvenile who suckled from
her and that she appeared to be pregnant. Her extreme
deformity raises numerous questions and demonstrates the
highly adaptable capabilities of wild baboons.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10329-010-0224-4},
Key = {fds324361}
}
@book{fds362243,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {The Red Colobus Monkeys: Variation in Demography, Behavior,
and Ecology of Endangered Species},
Pages = {1-376},
Year = {2010},
Month = {May},
ISBN = {9780198529583},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198529583.001.0001},
Abstract = {Based on field studies spanning nearly 40 years, this
reference book summarizes and integrates past research with
new and previously unpublished information on the behavioral
ecology of Africa's red colobus monkeys from study sites as
diverse as Senegal, Uganda, and Zanzibar. It provides an
unparalleled compilation of information on taxonomy,
genetics, vocalizations, demography, social organization,
dispersal, social behavior, reproduction, mortality factors,
diet, ranging patterns, interspecific relations, and
conservation. Social relationships in red colobus are less
rigidly structured than in other African monkeys, resulting
in considerable variation in social organization and group
composition, both within and between taxa. This provides a
unique opportunity to examine the extent to which social
variables correlate with differences in habitat quality,
demography, and predation by chimpanzees, and humans.
Unfortunately, at least half of the 18 taxa of red colobus
are now threatened with extinction. Conservation problems
are described, causal factors identified, and solutions
proposed. This volume is intended not only to serve as a
reference book, but to stimulate and guide future long-term
research and to encourage effective conservation
action.},
Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198529583.001.0001},
Key = {fds362243}
}
@book{fds181063,
Author = {T.T. Struhsaker},
Title = {The Red Colobus Monkeys: variation in demography, behavior,
and ecology of endangered species.},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Year = {2010},
Month = {April},
ISBN = {978-0-19-852958-3},
Key = {fds181063}
}
@article{fds362244,
Author = {Chapman, CA and Struhsaker, TT and Skorupa, JP and Snaith, TV and Rothman, JM},
Title = {Understanding long-term primate community dynamics:
implications of forest change.},
Journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological
Society of America},
Volume = {20},
Number = {1},
Pages = {179-191},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/09-0128.1},
Abstract = {Understanding the causes of population declines often
involves comprehending a complex set of interactions linking
environmental and biotic changes, which in combination
overwhelm a population's ability to persist. To understand
these relationships, especially for long-lived large
mammals, long-term data are required, but rarely available.
Here we use 26-36 years of population and habitat data to
determine the potential causes of group density changes for
five species of primates in Kibale National Park, Uganda, in
areas that were disturbed to varying intensities in the late
1960s. We calculated group density from line transect data
and quantified changes in habitat structure (cumulative
diameter at breast height [dbh] and food availability
[cumulative dbh of food trees]) for each primate species,
and for one species, we evaluated change in food nutritional
quality. We found that mangabeys and black-and-white colobus
group density increased, blue monkeys declined, and redtails
and red colobus were stable in all areas. For blue monkeys
and mangabeys, there were no significant changes in food
availability over time, yet their group density changed. For
redtails, neither group density measures nor food
availability changed over time. For black-and-white colobus,
a decrease in food availability over time in the unlogged
forest surprisingly coincided with an increase in group
density. Finally, while red colobus food availability and
quality increased over time in the heavily logged area,
their group density was stable in all areas. We suggest that
these populations are in nonequilibrium states. If such
states occur frequently, it suggests that large protected
areas will be required to protect species so that declines
in some areas can be compensated for by increases in
adjacent areas with different histories.},
Doi = {10.1890/09-0128.1},
Key = {fds362244}
}
@misc{fds368715,
Author = {Oates, J},
Title = {Vocalizations},
Pages = {18-44},
Booktitle = {RED COLOBUS MONKEYS: VARIATION IN DEMOGRAPHY, BEHAVIOR, AND
ECOLOGY OF ENDANGERED SPECIES},
Year = {2010},
ISBN = {978-0-19-852958-3},
Key = {fds368715}
}
@article{fds362245,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Demographic variability in monkeys: Implications for theory
and conservation},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {29},
Number = {1},
Pages = {19-34},
Year = {2008},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-007-9146-4},
Abstract = {Demographic parameters of nonhuman primates, like those of
all other organisms, vary over time and space. However, many
contemporary models comparing multiple species treat these
parameters as if they were static. Population density, group
size, age-sex composition, natality, and juvenile
recruitment all vary considerably within populations that
researchers have studied for many years. It is important to
describe and to understand the variance not only for the
development of more realistic models but also to clarify the
status and trends of the populations in order to develop
effective conservation management plans. A critical issue is
to distinguish real demographic trends from the natural
demographic variation that occurs both between sites and
within specific sites over time. With few exceptions,
demographic data for most nonhuman primates are not amenable
to life-table analyses because observation conditions
typically prevent collection of the data required and
generation time is long. Instead, one must evaluate
demographic indices that serve as surrogates for more
detailed and accurate data, such as that derived from
life-time observations of recognizable individuals of known
parentage. Long-term monitoring is essential to understand
the extent of and trends in demographic variation. These
points are exemplified with case studies from vervets, red
howlers, and red colobus as they relate to the likely causal
factors of habitat quality, disease, predator-prey
imbalance, population compression, and intragroup
competition for food. © 2008 Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-007-9146-4},
Key = {fds362245}
}
@article{fds362246,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Long-term research and conservation in Kibale National
Park},
Pages = {27-37},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780521896016},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511754920.006},
Abstract = {Introduction. The need for effective conservation in Africa
is urgent because of ever-increasing human pressures on
Africa’s forests and other ecosystems. The presence of
long-term research programs can be one way to promote and
support conservation. Scientific research has been a
constant presence in Kibale Forest, Uganda for nearly 40
years. From 1970–1988 I developed and managed a biological
research and conservation field station in the forest. This
chapter looks at the ways in which our presence in the
forest contributed directly to its conservation both during
those 18 years and in the 20 years since. It also examines
the conservation lessons learned from my experience in
Kibale and considers general strategies for conservation
that can be applied to other protected areas. Researchers
working in Protected Areas, almost invariably, quickly
become involved in the conservation of their field sites.
Initially, the primary activity of the Kibale project was
pure research on non-human primates. Within the first 2
years, however, we expanded the research to examine the
effects of logging on forest regeneration, primate
populations and other animal groups, and community ecology
in general. The threats to the forest from poaching, timber
theft, and illegal encroachment were obvious and led us to
assume a far greater role in assisting the game and forest
departments in protecting the forest. This assistance ranged
from logistical and financial support to lobbying for
National Park status for Kibale.},
Doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511754920.006},
Key = {fds362246}
}
@article{fds362247,
Author = {Rovero, F and Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Habitat determinants of primate abundance in the Udzungwa
Mountains of Tanzania: Conservation relevance of a
fine-scale analysis},
Journal = {FOLIA PRIMATOLOGICA},
Volume = {79},
Number = {3},
Pages = {127-128},
Publisher = {KARGER},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362247}
}
@article{fds362248,
Author = {Rovero, F and Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Vegetative predictors of primate abundance: utility and
limitations of a fine-scale analysis.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {69},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1242-1256},
Year = {2007},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20431},
Abstract = {Determining ecological predictors of primate abundance is
important for both theoretical and applied conservation
management. For forest primates, research has focused on
comparisons of primate abundance and vegetation in different
forest blocks or forest compartments with different
management histories. However, great variation in primate
abundance often occurs within single forests, especially in
mountainous areas or in areas with habitat mosaics due to
past disturbance. Here we assess, for the first time, the
usefulness and limitations of small-scale, within-transect
analysis of vegetative parameters as predictors of primate
abundance in a very heterogeneous forest habitat in the
Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania. Relative abundance of four
species of diurnal primates was recorded over a period of
2.5 years by walking three census transects 48 times each.
Tree size, density, species composition, and food plants
were measured along the same census lines. The fine-scale
relationship between primate abundance and vegetative
variables was analyzed through generalized linear modeling
applied to 58 segments of these three census lines. Each
segment was 200 m in length. For all four primate species,
we found significant associations between their abundance
and selected vegetative variables. The abundance of the
endemic and endangered Udzungwa red colobus Procolobus
gordonorum was positively related to mean basal area of
large trees (diameter at breast height greater than 20 cm)
and to the species richness of their food plants.
Considering the very great variation in primate abundance
that was recorded among segments of the census lines, our
approach proved useful in predicting the relationship
between primate abundance and small-scale habitat
differences. The main limitation of this study, however, was
the relatively low-predictive power of the models for some
species, especially the Angolan colobus Colobus angolensis.
We discuss the potential reasons for this problem and
suggest possible improvements for future
studies.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.20431},
Key = {fds362248}
}
@article{fds362249,
Author = {Rovero, F and Struhsaker, TT and Marshall, AR and Rinne, TA and Pedersen, UB and Butynski, TM and Ehardt, CL and Mtui,
AS},
Title = {Abundance of diurnal primates in Mwanihana Forest, Udzungwa
Mountains, Tanzania},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {27},
Number = {3},
Pages = {675-697},
Year = {2006},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-006-9037-0},
Abstract = {Many individual researchers have used line transect counts
to estimate forest primate abundance. They have devoted less
attention to the interpretation of line transect data
obtained by several observers, as is often the case in
long-term monitoring programs. We present primate relative
abundance data that 5 observers collected over 6 yr (not
continuous) along 4 different transects each 4 km long in
the Mwanihana Forest, Udzungwa Mountains National Park,
Tanzania. Total distance walked during transect repetitions
is ca. 700 km. The species we saw most frequently was the
endemic Udzungwa red colobus Procolobus gordonorum (mean
0.59 groups/km walked), followed by the Angolan
black-and-white colobus Colobus angolensis (0.43 groups/km)
and Sykes's monkey Cercopithecus mitis (0.35 groups/km). We
sighted the endemic Sanje mangabey Cercocebus galeritus
sanjei and the yellow baboon Papio cynocephalus
infrequently, the latter being confined to the deciduous
forest parts of the transects. We analyzed sighting
frequency by gross habitat type, transect, season, and
observer. Interobserver differences in the relative
abundance of each species were moderate and the few cases of
significant variations were due to discordance of only 1
observer from the others. Estimated distances of primate
group sightings differ significantly among observers, thus
preventing us from deriving estimates of absolute density.
Frequency distributions of distance-class intervals are not
significantly different among observers, which may indicate
gross interobserver consistency in the width of the area
sampled. We conclude that unless consistency in data
collection is checked, as we did for 2 observers who
collected data simultaneously, potential interobserver
differences remain an underlying source of variance in the
results that cannot be separated from other sources of
variance. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media,
Inc.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-006-9037-0},
Key = {fds362249}
}
@article{fds362250,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Conservation of red colobus and their habitats},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {26},
Number = {3},
Pages = {525-538},
Year = {2005},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-005-4364-0},
Abstract = {A review of the conservation status of red colobus indicates
that ≥38.9% of the taxa are threatened with extinction in
the near future. Although no taxon of red colobus appears to
have gone extinct, many of their populations have. The major
threats are hunting and habitat loss and degradation, but in
some cases intrinsic biotic factors, such as predator-prey
imbalance, are leading to serious declines in populations. I
propose a general framework for evaluating conservation
problems and possible solutions, with an emphasis on
distinguishing between proximate and ultimate variables and
the time scales involved. In general, most viable
populations of red colobus occur in well-protected forests;
usually national parks. I proffer recommendations to improve
the conservation status of the parks, which will benefit red
colobus and most other tropical forest species. © 2005
Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-005-4364-0},
Key = {fds362250}
}
@article{fds362251,
Author = {Chapman, CA and Struhsaker, TT and Lambert, JE},
Title = {Thirty years of research in Kibale National Park, Uganda,
reveals a complex picture for conservation},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {26},
Number = {3},
Pages = {539-555},
Year = {2005},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-005-4365-z},
Abstract = {Kibale National Park, Uganda, has a rich and abundant
primate community and a complicated history of anthropogenic
disturbance. Moreover, it has been the focus of over 30 yr
of research and has received considerable attention from
nongovernmental and governmental conservation organizations.
As a result, Kibale serves as a valuable case study with
which to evaluate the factors that regulate primate
population density and the challenges of deriving
generalizations for conservation. We review the impact of
logging and forest fragmentation on primate population
density and trace the efficacy of various conservation
strategies. A 28-yr comparison of primate abundance in
logged and unlogged forests and a 10-yr study of forest
dynamics showed that primate recovery in logged areas is
generally slow or not occurring at all for some species,
which is likely driven by the fact that the forest is not
recovering as expected. No primate species characteristic
predicted their ability to live in forest fragments around
Kibale. While a nutritional model was useful to predict the
abundance of colobus in forest fragments outside of Kibale,
a 5-yr study revealed that human land-use practices are more
fundamentally shaping population dynamics. We evaluate data
on primate abundance in light of Milton's protein/fiber
model to predict colobine biomass. We demonstrate that while
the model can predict colobus biomass in pristine habitats,
the 2 colobus species respond differently to disturbance. We
offer suggestions for future conservation research and
consider strategies to conserve forested national parks
based on experiences gained over 30 yr. © 2005 Springer
Science+Business Media, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-005-4365-z},
Key = {fds362251}
}
@article{fds362252,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT and Struhsaker, PJ and Siex, KS},
Title = {Conserving Africa's rain forests: Problems in protected
areas and possible solutions},
Journal = {Biological Conservation},
Volume = {123},
Number = {1},
Pages = {45-54},
Year = {2005},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2004.10.007},
Abstract = {Problems and correlates of success in the conservation of
Africa's rain forests were evaluated for 16 protected areas
in 11 countries, representing approximately half of all
protected areas in this biome. Data were obtained from
questionnaires, published and unpublished accounts, and
direct observations. Despite numerous problems, all
protected areas conserved indigenous rain forest
biodiversity more effectively than did alternative land
uses. More than half the protected areas suffered extensive
ecological isolation. Effective management of protected
areas was seriously compromised by inadequate funding and
government support. Dense human populations, often resulting
from immigration, constituted major threats to protected
areas. Perceived conservation success was greatest for large
protected areas surrounded by similar habitat with strong
public support, effective law enforcement, low human
population densities, and substantial support from
international donors. Contrary to expectations, protected
area success was not directly correlated with employment
benefits for the neighboring community, conservation
education, conservation clubs, or with the presence and
extent of integrated conservation and development programs.
Studies are needed to better understand what shapes positive
pubic attitude towards protected areas because none of the
conventional public outreach programs were correlated with
public attitude. We also identify apparent deficiencies in
foreign assistance to these protected areas. The single most
important short-term strategy was considered to be the
improvement of law enforcement effectiveness through greater
technical and financial support. Nine medium-term strategies
are identified, including provision of adequate and secure
long-term funding, establishing research and monitoring
programs, and developing more appropriate conservation and
development programs. Long-term strategies deal with two
ultimate causal factors, mainly attitudes and value systems,
and stabilizing human populations. Future success of
Africa's protected areas is contingent upon long-term
international assistance including contingencies mandating
realistic performance standards. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All
rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2004.10.007},
Key = {fds362252}
}
@article{fds362253,
Author = {Chapman, CA and Chapman, LJ and Struhsaker, TT and Zanne, AE and Clark,
CJ and Poulsen, JR},
Title = {A long-term evaluation of fruiting phenology: importance of
climate change.},
Journal = {Journal of tropical ecology},
Volume = {21},
Number = {1},
Pages = {31-45},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467404001993},
Abstract = {Within the last decade the study of phenology has taken on
new importance because of its contribution to climate-change
research. However, phenology data sets spanning many years
are rare in the tropics, making it difficult to evaluate
possible responses of tropical communities to climate
change. Here we use two data sets (1970-1983 and 1990-2002)
to describe the fruiting patterns of the tropical tree
community in Kibale National Park, Uganda. To address
variation in spatial patterns, we describe fruiting over 2-3
y among four sites each separated by 12-15 km. Presently,
the Kibale region is receiving c. 300 mm more rain than it
did at the start of the century, droughts are less frequent,
the onset of the rainy season is earlier, and the average
maximum monthly temperature is 3.5°C hotter than it was 25
y ago. The 1990-2002 phenology data illustrated high
temporal variability in the proportion of the populations
fruiting. Interannual variation in community-wide fruit
availability was also high; however, the proportion of trees
that fruited has increased over the past 12+y. At the
species level a variety of patterns were exhibited; however,
a number of the most common species currently rarely fruit,
and when they do, typically < 4% of the individuals take
part in fruiting events. Combining the data set from 1990 to
2002 with that from 1970 to 1983 for specific species again
reveals an increase in the proportion of trees fruiting
between 1990 and 2002; however, the proportion of the
populations fruiting decreased during the earlier period.
When one examines particular species over this whole period
a variety of patterns are evident. For example, Pouteria
altissima exhibited a relatively regular pattern of fruiting
during the 1970s; however, it rarely fruited in the 1990s.
Contrasting phenological patterns at four sites revealed
that at the community level the fruiting patterns of only
one of the six pair-wise site combinations were correlated.
Relationships between rainfall and fruiting were variable
among sites. Contrasting changes in fruiting patterns over
the 30 y with differences among the four sites varying in
rainfall, suggests that the changes observed in fruiting may
be due to climate change. Responses to this climate change
are likely complex and will vary among species. However, for
some species, current conditions appear unsuitable for
fruiting.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0266467404001993},
Key = {fds362253}
}
@article{fds362254,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT and Marshall, AR and Detwiler, K and Siex, K and Ehardt,
C and Lisbjerg, DD and Butynski, TM},
Title = {Demographic variation among Udzungwa red colobus in relation
to gross ecological and sociological parameters},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {25},
Number = {3},
Pages = {615-658},
Year = {2004},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:IJOP.0000023578.08343.4e},
Abstract = {We evaluated variation in group size and composition of
Udzungwa red colobus (Procolobus gordonorum) in relation to
gross-habitat and sociological parameters. The endangered
species is endemic to the Udzungwa Mountains and nearby
forests in the Kilombero Valley of south-central Tanzania.
We counted 63 groups in 10 forests, ranging in altitude from
250 to 1,800 m. Group size ranged from 7 to 83 (x̄ = 36.3)
individuals and adult sex ratios (females/male) ranged from
1.5 to 7.3 (x̄ = 3.5), excluding solitary individuals.
Group size was influenced by several habitat parameters,
including tree density, degree of deciduousness, and forest
size. Groups were largest in large blocks of mature, moist,
mixed evergreen and semideciduous forests, but group size is
not correlated with altitude. Groups in a highly degraded
forest appeared to have fission-fusion societies. The effect
of habitat quality on age-sex composition of groups was most
apparent in natality and less so in survivorship of adult
females and juveniles. The number of adult males in groups
accounted for 50% of the variance in group size and 34-39%
of the variance in numbers of adult females in groups.
Habitat quality affects natality more than demographic
parameters do. Groups with a low proportion of adult females
had greater juvenile survivorship, perhaps because of lower
food competition between these two classes. We proffer
hypotheses based on our study and previous intertaxonal
comparisons to explain cause and effect relationships
between habitat quality and demography. Finally, our study
demonstrates the importance of large blocks of old-growth
forest to the conservation of Udzungwa red colobus, and we
make recommendations for conservation and
research.},
Doi = {10.1023/B:IJOP.0000023578.08343.4e},
Key = {fds362254}
}
@article{fds362255,
Author = {Grubb, P and Butynski, TM and Oates, JF and Bearder, SK and Disotell,
TR and Groves, CP and Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Assessment of the Diversity of African Primates},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {24},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1301-1357},
Year = {2003},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:IJOP.0000005994.86792.b9},
Abstract = {This account of the systematics of African primates is the
consensus view of a group of authors who attended the
Workshop of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group held at
Orlando, Florida, in February 2000. We list all species and
subspecies that we consider to be valid, together with a
selected synonymy for all names that have been controversial
in recent years or that have been considered to be valid by
other authors in recent publications. For genera,
species-groups or species, we tabulate and discuss different
published systematic interpretations, with emphasis on more
recent publications. We explain why we have adopted our
taxonomic treatment and give particular attention to cases
where more research is urgently required and in which
systematic changes are most likely to be made. For all taxa,
from suborder to subspecies, we provide English
names.},
Doi = {10.1023/B:IJOP.0000005994.86792.b9},
Key = {fds362255}
}
@article{fds368716,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Strategies for conserving forest national parks in Africa
with a case study from Uganda},
Journal = {MAKING PARKS WORK: STRATEGIES FOR PRESERVING TROPICAL
NATURE},
Pages = {97-111},
Publisher = {ISLAND PRESS},
Editor = {Terborgh, J and VanSchaik, C and Davenport, L and Rao,
M},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {1-55963-904-0},
Key = {fds368716}
}
@article{fds362256,
Author = {Oates, JF and Abedi-Lartey, M and McGraw, WS and Struhsaker, TT and Whitesides, GH},
Title = {Extinction of a West African red colobus
monkey},
Journal = {Conservation Biology},
Volume = {14},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1526-1532},
Year = {2000},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99230.x},
Abstract = {We provide the first documented case of the extinction in
the twentieth century of a widely recognized primate taxon.
During surveys in Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire in 1993-1999, we
were unable to find any surviving populations of Miss
Waldron's red colobus monkey (Procolobus badius waldroni), a
primate taxon endemic to the forests of this part of West
Africa. We conclude that this monkey, which at least one
authority considers worthy of species status, is probably
extinct. Hunting by humans appears to be the ultimate cause
of the extinction. Until our surveys began, little attention
had been paid to the plight of this red colobus monkey,
despite its listing as endangered by the World Conservation
Union. The extinction of other large animals in the Upper
Guinea rainforest region is likely to follow soon unless
more attention is paid to the full range of endangered forms
and more resources are devoted to their rigorous
protection.},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99230.x},
Key = {fds362256}
}
@article{fds362257,
Author = {Lwanga, JS and Butynski, TM and Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Tree population dynamics in Kibale National Park, Uganda
1975-1998},
Journal = {African Journal of Ecology},
Volume = {38},
Number = {3},
Pages = {238-247},
Year = {2000},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2028.2000.00244.x},
Abstract = {Changes in species composition, stem abundance, and basal
area of trees taller than or equal to 10 m in a medium
altitude tropical rain forest at the Ngogo study area,
Kibale National Park, Uganda are described for the period
between 1975 and 1998 (n = 23 years). Two enumeration
episodes were conducted in 263 plots of 5 m by 50 m during
1975-80 and 1997-98. During this period, species richness
decreased by 3% (from 92 to 89). Species diversity (H') also
declined slightly from 2.97 to 2.86. The number of trees
recorded in the sample plots decreased by 8% (from 2545 to
2329), while basal area decreased from 49.48 m2 ha-1 to
48.68 m2 ha-1. However, stem abundance and basal area
increased for some species.},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1365-2028.2000.00244.x},
Key = {fds362257}
}
@misc{fds368826,
Author = {Struhsaker, T},
Title = {Variation in adult sex ratios of red colobus monkey social
groups: implications for interspecific comparisons},
Pages = {108-119},
Booktitle = {Primate Males Causes and Consequences of Variation in Group
Composition},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Kappeler, PM},
Year = {2000},
Month = {May},
ISBN = {9780521658461},
Abstract = {Written by leading authorities, this book provides an
extensive overview of variation in group composition across
all major primate taxa, using up-to-date reviews, case
studies, evolutionary theory and theoretical models, setting
primates ...},
Key = {fds368826}
}
@misc{fds368825,
Author = {Struhsaker, T},
Title = {The effects of predation and habitat quality on the
socioecology of African monkeys: lessons from the islands of
Bioko and Zanzibar},
Pages = {393-430},
Booktitle = {Old World Monkeys},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Whitehead, P and Jolly, C},
Year = {2000},
Month = {May},
ISBN = {9780521571241},
Abstract = {This volume presents a broad, technical account of
cercopithecoid biology including molecular, behavioral, and
morphological approaches to phylogeny, population structure,
allometry, fossil history, functional morphology, ecology,
cognitive ...},
Key = {fds368825}
}
@article{fds362258,
Author = {Chapman, CA and Balcomb, SR and Gillespie, TR and Skorupa, JP and Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Long-term effects of logging on African primate communities:
A 28-year comparison from Kibale National Park,
Uganda},
Journal = {Conservation Biology},
Volume = {14},
Number = {1},
Pages = {207-217},
Year = {2000},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98592.x},
Abstract = {If logging is to be compatible with primate conservation,
primate populations must be expected to recover from the
disturbance and eventually return to their former densities.
Surveys conducted over 28 years were used to quantify the
long-term effects of both low- and high-intensity selective
logging on the density of the five common primates in Kibale
National Park, Uganda. The most dramatic exception to the
expectation that primate populations will recover following
logging was that group densities of Cercopithecus mitis and
C. ascanius in the heavily logged area continued to decline
decades after logging. Procolobus tephrosceles populations
were recovering in the heavily logged areas, but the rate of
increase appeared to be slow (0.005 groups/km2 per year).
Colobus guereza appeared to do well in some disturbed
habitats and were found at higher group densities in the
logged areas than in the unlogged area. There was no
evidence of an increase in Lophocebus albigena group density
in the heavily logged area since the time of logging, and
there was a tendency for its population to be lower in
heavily logged areas than in lightly logged areas. In
contrast to the findings from the heavily logged area, none
of the species were found at a lower group density in the
lightly logged area than in the unlogged area, and group
densities in this area were not changing at a statistically
significant rate. The results of our study suggest that, in
this region, low-intensity selective logging could be one
component of conservation plans for primates; high-intensity
logging, however, which is typical of most logging
operations throughout Africa, is incompatible with primate
conservation.},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98592.x},
Key = {fds362258}
}
@article{fds362259,
Author = {Mitani, JC and Struhsaker, TT and Lwanga, JS},
Title = {Primate community dynamics in old growth forest over 23.5
years at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda: Implications
for conservation and census methods},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {21},
Number = {2},
Pages = {269-286},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005477504728},
Abstract = {Few data exist regarding long-term changes in primate
populations in old-growth, tropical forests. In the absence
of this information, it is unclear how to assess population
trends efficiently and economically. We addressed these
problems by conducting line-transect censuses 23.5 years
apart at the Ngogo study area in Kibale National Park,
Uganda. We conducted additional censuses over short time
intervals to determine the degree to which the temporal
distribution of censuses affected estimates of primate
numbers. Results indicate that two species, blue monkeys and
red colobus, may have experienced significant reductions
over the past 23.5 years at Ngogo. In contrast, five other
species, baboons, black-and-white colobus, chimpanzees,
mangabeys, and red-tailed guenons, have not changed in
relative abundance. Additional findings indicate that
different observers may vary significantly in their
estimates of sighting distances of animals daring censuses,
thus rendering the use of measures of absolute densities
problematic. Moreover, censuses conducted over short periods
produce biased estimates of primate numbers. These results
provide guidelines for the use of line-transect censuses and
underscore the importance of protecting large blocks of
forests for primate conservation.},
Doi = {10.1023/A:1005477504728},
Key = {fds362259}
}
@article{fds362260,
Author = {Siex, KS and Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Colobus monkeys and coconuts: A study of perceived
human-wildlife conflicts},
Journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
Volume = {36},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1009-1020},
Year = {1999},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.1999.00455.x},
Abstract = {1. Approximately half of the remaining Zanzibar red colobus
Procolobus kirkii, one of Africa's most endangered primates,
reside permanently outside protected areas, many within
agricultural areas. Consequently, conservation of this
endangered species is strongly dependent on the development
of effective management plans that address the potential
human-wildlife conflicts in these agricultural areas. 2.
There are a growing number of complaints about red colobus
consumption of coconuts in the agricultural areas and
requests by local farmers for compensation and/or removal of
the colobus. Prior to taking actions that would hinder the
conservation of this highly endangered species, it is
necessary to quantify and compare the actual impact of the
colobus on coconut harvest with that perceived by the
farmers. 3. In this study we monitored five experimental and
two control plots to quantify the potential impact of red
colobus on coconut crops and to assess the ecological
variables that may influence this impact. 4. We found that
red colobus consumption of coconuts was highest in areas of
high red colobus density and low availability of alternative
red colobus food resources. Despite these correlations, red
colobus feeding on immature coconuts did not appear to limit
coconut harvest. On the contrary, red colobus consumption of
coconuts was found to be positively correlated with harvest.
This correlation is probably due to a pruning effect. 5.
Based upon our findings that red colobus are having no
significant negative impact on coconut harvest and are
actually a source of tourist revenue to the region, we
recommend no action be taken to remove colobus from the
agricultural areas. 6. This study illustrates the importance
of scientific documentation of perceived human-wildlife
conflicts.},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1365-2664.1999.00455.x},
Key = {fds362260}
}
@misc{fds368827,
Author = {Struhsaker, T},
Title = {Primate communities in Africa: The consequences of long-term
evolution or the artifact of recent hunting?},
Pages = {289-294},
Booktitle = {Primate Communities},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Fleagle, JG and Janson, CH and Reed, KE},
Year = {1999},
Month = {October},
ISBN = {9780521629676},
Abstract = {Comprehensive and unique volume exploring the differences
and similarities between primate communities
worldwide.},
Key = {fds368827}
}
@article{fds362261,
Author = {Siex, KS and Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Ecology of the Zanzibar red colobus monkey: Demographic
variability and habitat stability},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {20},
Number = {2},
Pages = {163-192},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020558702199},
Abstract = {We examined the Zanzibar red colobus' (Procolobus kirkii)
social structure and population dynamics in relation to the
density, diversity and dispersion of food resources in
ground-water forest and agricultural land, which we
characterized in terms of red colobus food species density,
diversity, basal area and dispersion. We used transect
sampling and group follows to describe population dynamics
and social systems. Two agricultural areas, SJF Shamba and
Pete Village, had higher densities and more uniformly
dispersed red colobus food tree species than those of the
ground-water forest. Red colobus at these two sites had
greater population densities and natality, and smaller home
ranges than red colobus in the groundwater forest. However,
these findings apply to a very small area of agricultural
land (approximately 18 ha) that is contiguous with an area
of the forest reserve having a high density of red colobus.
It is not representative of agricultural areas elsewhere on
Zanzibar which support much lower densities or no red
colobus. Although agricultural areas contiguous with the
forest reserve had high densities of red colobus, they
appear to be very unstable. Within the agricultural areas,
we observed higher intergroup variation in group size and
composition, study groups that decreased dramatically in
size and disappeared from the study site, significantly
lower levels of juvenile recruitment, and red colobus food
trees that exhibited definite signs of overbrowsing. This
apparent instability in the subpopulation of red colobus
utilizing agricultural systems probably reflects the lower
basal area of food trees and the greater fragmentation of
suitable habitat and floristic dynamics due to human
activities in these areas. A fusion-fission social system
occurred only in the ground-water forest subpopulation,
which we hypothesize to be due to highly clumped food
resources.},
Doi = {10.1023/A:1020558702199},
Key = {fds362261}
}
@article{fds362262,
Author = {Struhsaker, T},
Title = {Zanzibar's endangered red colobus monkeys},
Journal = {National Geographic},
Volume = {194},
Number = {5},
Pages = {73},
Year = {1998},
Month = {November},
Abstract = {A mother with a child clutching her tightly dashes between
groves near the Jozani Forest Reserve, home to most of the
world's remaining 2,000 Zanzibar red colobus monkeys. Tree
dwellers by nature, the animals have lost much of their
habitat and natural sources of food to deforestation.},
Key = {fds362262}
}
@article{fds362263,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT and Siex, KS},
Title = {Translocation and introduction of the Zanzibar red colobus
monkey: Success and failure with an endangered island
endemic},
Journal = {ORYX},
Volume = {32},
Number = {4},
Pages = {277-284},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.1998.d01-57.x},
Abstract = {The Zanzibar red colobus Procolobus kirkii is one of
Africa's most endangered primates, with only c. 1500-2000
individuals remaining in the wild. The authors made
preliminary surveys of three areas where this monkey was
translocated or introduced in the 1970s and 1980s. It
appears that only one of these releases was successful. A
total of 67 animals were caught and translocated or
introduced (including four that died during the process).
Thirteen to 20 years later, 62-70 red colobus were located
at the three sites; i.e. there had been no net gain in
colobus numbers as a result of the translocations and
introduction. One attempt apparently failed because of
insufficient habitat, and another perhaps because of
insufficient numbers of colobus or an imbalance in the age
and sex composition of animals released. The one successful
translocation involved moving a fairly large number of
monkeys (36) into a forest with a relatively high diversity
of tree species. In light of these findings, the authors
recommend that far more attention be given to protecting the
monkeys and their habitat where they currently exist, rather
than spend time and money on translocations that are as
likely to fail as to succeed.},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1365-3008.1998.d01-57.x},
Key = {fds362263}
}
@article{fds362264,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {A biologist's perspective on the role of sustainable harvest
in conservation},
Journal = {Conservation Biology},
Volume = {12},
Number = {4},
Pages = {930-932},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.97283.x},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.97283.x},
Key = {fds362264}
}
@book{fds362265,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Ecology of an African rain forest: logging in Kibale and the
conflict between conservation and exploitation},
Year = {1997},
Month = {December},
ISBN = {0813014905},
Abstract = {The author summarizes 20 years of research in the Kibale
forest in Uganda. The main body of the book demonstrates the
adverse effects of logging on community structure and other
aspects of forest ecology. The author provides evidence that
future logging must be done at far lower intensities than is
currently the norm, if intact ecosystems are to be
maintained. Detailed recommendations for harvest plans
compatible with the conservation of biodiversity and
ecological integrity are outlined. Struhsaker addresses the
underlying causes of tropical deforestation and concludes
that although there are numerous proximate factors, the
ultimate causes are rapidly increasing human populations and
rates of consumption per capita. Comparisons with relevant
studies elsewhere in the tropics are drawn and specific
recommendations to address the problems are
offered.},
Key = {fds362265}
}
@article{fds368717,
Author = {Oren, C and Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Foreign aid and conservation of tropical forests: An action
plan for change},
Journal = {CONSERVATION BIOLOGY},
Volume = {11},
Number = {2},
Pages = {312-312},
Publisher = {BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC},
Year = {1997},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds368717}
}
@article{fds362266,
Author = {Cooney, DO and Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Adsorptive capacity of charcoals eaten by Zanzibar red
colobus monkeys: Implications for reducing dietary
toxins},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {18},
Number = {2},
Pages = {235-246},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026324703410},
Abstract = {Colobus monkeys on the African island of Zanzibar eat
charcoal from burned trees and lying near kilns, where it is
produced for cooking. This behavior may be a learned
response for counteracting toxicity due to phenolic and
similar compounds that occur in significant concentrations
in the Indian almond (Terminalia catappa) leaves and mango
(Mangifera indica) leaves which constitute a major part of
their diet. Accordingly, we studied the adsorption of
organic materials from hot water extracts of Indian almond
and mango leaves by five charcoals collected in Zanzibar.
For comparison, we also evaluated three commercial powdered
activated charcoals. Three African charcoals collected at
kilns adsorbed more organic material than two kinds
collected from burned tree stumps. The commercial activated
charcoals adsorbed the organic material best, as expected,
yet the African kiln charcoals adsorbed surprisingly well.
Thus, the hypothesized function of charcoal eating is
supported.},
Doi = {10.1023/A:1026324703410},
Key = {fds362266}
}
@article{fds362267,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT and Cooney, DO and Siex, KS},
Title = {Charcoal consumption by Zanzibar red colobus monkeys: Its
function and its ecological and demographic
consequences},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {18},
Number = {1},
Pages = {61-72},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026341207045},
Abstract = {The Zanzibar red colobus monkey is the only primate, aside
from humans, known to eat charcoal in the wild. All age
classes and both sexes eat charcoal, but only those groups
living in perennial gardens or near human dwellings do so.
The habit appears to be transmitted from mother to offspring
by imitation, but how it developed in the first place is
unknown. Sources of charcoal include charred stumps, logs,
and branches, as well as that produced in kilns by humans.
These charcoals adsorb organic materials, such as phenolics,
particularly well and, as a consequence, remove these
compounds, which have the potential to be toxic or interfere
with digestion or, both. The extreme inertness of charcoal
makes it an unlikely source of minerals to the colobus. We
conclude that, by eating charcoal, monkeys living in gardens
with a high density of food species dominated by exotic
trees - Indian almond and mango - are able to exploit this
abundant food resource that is high in total phenolic
content much more effectively than in the absence of
charcoal. The young leaves of these exotic tree species are
also very high in protein and highly digestible. The
benefits of charcoal eating are most likely due to the fact
that charcoal adsorbs phenolics better than proteins. This
may explain in large part why the birth rates and population
densities of the colobus living in the Indian almond and
mango habitat adjacent to the Jozani Forest are
significantly higher than those in the ground-water forest.
The population density of colobus in this small area is the
highest ever recorded for a nonhuman anthropoid
(≤700/km2). It may not however, be a stable situation, as
there are indications of higher levels of aggression, lower
recruitment into the medium-juvenile size class, and
overbrowsing.},
Doi = {10.1023/A:1026341207045},
Key = {fds362267}
}
@article{fds376380,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT and Lwanga, JS and Kasenene, JM},
Title = {Elephants, selective logging and forest regeneration in
Kibale forest, Uganda (vol 12, pg 45, 1996)},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY},
Volume = {12},
Pages = {446-446},
Publisher = {CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS},
Year = {1996},
Month = {May},
Key = {fds376380}
}
@article{fds362268,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT and Lwanga, JS and Kasenene, JM},
Title = {Elephants, selective logging and forest regeneration in the
Kibale Forest, Uganda},
Journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
Volume = {12},
Number = {1},
Pages = {45-64},
Publisher = {CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS},
Year = {1996},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0266467400009305},
Abstract = {The Kibale Forest, western Uganda, is the only site where
studies have compared the impact of elephants on rainforest
regeneration in logged and unlogged control areas. Elephants
used heavily logged areas more than lightly logged and
unlogged areas. Forest gaps were used more by elephants than
closed-canopy areas and large gaps more than small ones.
Gaps were larger in logged than unlogged forest. There were
lower densities of young trees (saplings and poles) and a
higher incidence of elephant damage to them in heavily
logged forest than in lightly logged and unlogged sites.
Elephant use of an area and damage to young trees was
inversely or unrelated to the density of young trees and
directly related to the density of herbaceous tangle. Heavy
logging resulted in large areas of herbaceous tangle, which
attracted elephants who suppressed forest regeneration by
damaging young trees and perpetuating the herbaceous tangle.
The Tangle directly competed with regeneration of young
trees while also attracting elephants and rodents (seed and
seedling predators) and facilitating increased windthrow of
trees. Selective browsing of young trees by elephants
affected rates of regeneration, growth form and species
composition. Rather than remove elephants, a more effective
and humane approach to long-term management of logging is to
reduce logging offtake and incidental damage caused by
timber extraction.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0266467400009305},
Key = {fds362268}
}
@article{fds362269,
Author = {Lemos de Sá and RM and Pope, TR and Struhsaker, TT and Glander,
KE},
Title = {Sexual dimorphism in canine length of woolly spider monkeys
(Brachyteles arachnoides, E. Geoffroy 1806)},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {14},
Number = {5},
Pages = {755-763},
Year = {1993},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02192189},
Abstract = {We measured canine teeth from 28 woolly spider monkeys
(Brachyteles arachnoides) to assess sexual dimorphism and
population differences. The specimens are from the Brazilian
states of Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de
Janeiro, and São Paulo. We found strong sexual dimorphism
in canine length for individuals belonging to populations
south of 22°00′ latitude but no sexual dimorphism in
canine length from individuals of populations north of
21°00′ latitude. Canine length did not vary among females
of northern and southern populations. However, southern
males had significantly longer canines than northern males.
This geographical difference in canine morphology, together
with the presence or absence of thumbs and published
accounts of differences in genetics and social structure
between northern and southern populations, suggests that
Brachyteles arachnoides may be composed of at least two
subspecies, which appear to be separated by the rivers
Grande and Paraiba do Sul and the Serra da Mantiqueira. ©
1993 Plenum Publishing Corporation.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF02192189},
Key = {fds362269}
}
@article{fds368718,
Author = {LELAND, L and STRUHSAKER, TT},
Title = {TEAMWORK TACTICS},
Journal = {NATURAL HISTORY},
Volume = {102},
Number = {4},
Pages = {42-48},
Publisher = {AMER MUSEUM NAT HISTORY},
Year = {1993},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds368718}
}
@article{fds362270,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT and Pope, TR},
Title = {Mating system and reproductive success: a comparison of two
African forest monkeys (Colobus badius and Cercopithecus
ascanius)},
Journal = {Behaviour},
Volume = {117},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {182-205},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853991x00526},
Abstract = {The folivorous red colobus lived in patrilineal, multi-male
groups, whereas the omnivorous, redtail had matrilineal
groups usually with only one adult male, but occasionally
experiencing temporary multi-male influxes. In red colobus,
offspring survival was positively correlated with interbirth
interval. Among the primate species examined, females
invested more in their sons and daughters depending upon
variables such as intersexual differences in variance in
reproductive success, the dispersing sex, and maternal
dominance rank as it influenced the offspring's reproductive
success. Lifetime reproductive success (LRS) of female red
colobus was influenced most by offspring survivorship and
less so by birth rate. LRS of male red colobus was largely a
function of reproductive rate and lifespan. Although
offspring mortality and reproductive lifespan were nearly
identical for males of the two species, the harem breeding
system and highly skewed adult sex ratio lead to greater,
more variable LRS in redtail males. Male red colobus within
groups produced c20% more offspring per year than male
redtails, but the large proportion of red colobus males with
zero breeding success reduced mean LRS to 40% less than
redtails. Annual fecundity among adult females of both
species was similar; variance in annual fecundity among
female redtails was over five times greater than in female
red colobus. Although females are the primary dispersers in
red colobus, they did not have a greater coefficient of
variation in LRS than in species where females rarely
disperse, because they were readily accepted into new groups
and their intergroup transfer was relatively rapid. In both
species, adult males contributed, on average, more offspring
to the succeeding generation than adult females, as in other
polygynous mammals, because fewer males survived to
adulthood, but once they reached adulthood, their
reproductive lifespans were similar to females. -from
Authors},
Doi = {10.1163/156853991x00526},
Key = {fds362270}
}
@article{fds362271,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT and Leakey, M},
Title = {Prey selectivity by crowned hawk-eagles on monkeys in the
Kibale Forest, Uganda},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Volume = {26},
Number = {6},
Pages = {435-443},
Year = {1990},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170902},
Abstract = {Results are presented from a 3.25-year study of a nesting
pair of crowned hawk-eagles and an 18-year study of a
primate community in the Kibale Forest, Uganda. The
proportional composition of the living population of prey
species was compared with that of eagle prey and animals
dying from other causes. Monkeys were the predominant pry
(83.7%). They also dominated the medium-to large-sized
mammalian carcasses dying from other causes (88.9%). The
eagles selected prey according to species, age, and sex.
Selectivity by age and sex differed between prey species.
Among red colobus monkeys, the eagles selected young
juveniles and infants, but in four other monkey species they
selected adult males. Eagle prey selectivity by species
generally supports the hypothesis that polyspecific
associations among the monkeys are effective deterrents
against predation. The prey/predator ratio for the Kibale
eagles was much higher, but the annual offtake of prey by
the eagles was much lower than that of tropical felids.
Mortality due to causes other than eagles was greater than
expected in red colobus and less in redtails, but not
significantly different from expected or equivocal in the
other three monkey species. Other cause of mortality
affected adult male and infant red colobus more than
expected. Among the other four monkey species, significantly
more adult males and fewer adult females died from these
other causes than expected. Eagle predation had a major
impact on the populations of adult males of both black and
white colobus and blue monkeys and on both adult male and
female mangabeys. The selectivity appeared to contribute
significantly to the differential adult sex ratio in four
monkey species, but not in red colobus. In contrast,
mortality incurred during fighting among adult males
probably accounted for the differential adult sex ratio in
red colobus. © 1990 Springer-Verlag.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF00170902},
Key = {fds362271}
}
@article{fds368719,
Author = {STRUHSAKER, TT},
Title = {THE CONFLICT BETWEEN CONSERVATION AND EXPLOITATION
DEVELOPMENT IN TROPICAL FORESTS - CAN IT BE
RESOLVED},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {81},
Number = {2},
Pages = {303-303},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1990},
Month = {February},
Key = {fds368719}
}
@article{fds368720,
Author = {Sa, LD and M, R and Pope, TR and Glander, KE and Struhsaker, TT and Fonseca, GABD},
Title = {. A pilot study of genetic and morphological variation in
the muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides)},
Journal = {Prim. Conserv},
Volume = {11},
Pages = {26-30},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds368720}
}
@article{fds362272,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT and Kasenene, JM and Gaither, JC and Larsen, N and Musango, S and Bancroft, R},
Title = {Tree mortality in the Kibale Forest, Uganda: A case study of
dieback in a tropical rain forest adjacent to exotic conifer
plantations},
Journal = {Forest Ecology and Management},
Volume = {29},
Number = {3},
Pages = {165-185},
Year = {1989},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(89)90047-9},
Abstract = {We report the dieback of three out of five unrelated species
of rain-forest canopy trees in a very restricted part of the
Kibale Forest, W. Uganda that were monitored since 1977.
High mortality rates began about 1978 and continued through
1986, reaching levels of 5-50% year-1. Within the restricted
area of mortality, all adults of Newtonia buchananii were
dead in 1984, while nearly 90% of Lovoa swynnertonii and 45%
of Aningeria altissima were dead in 1986. In contrast,
Mimusops bagshawei and Celtis africana experienced
relatively low (0.5%) and moderate (1.6%) levels of annual
mortality, respectively. Regeneration of the seedling and
sapling stages was high for all five species, while the pole
class was poorly represented. The single most important
variable associated with the dieback was downslope proximity
to the conifer plantations. Based on this case study, it is
strongly recommended that exotic trees, particularly
conifers, should not be planted near natural forests in the
tropics. Furthermore, those conifer plantations already
existing near the natural forests should be harvested in a
manner which encourages the regeneration of native trees and
shrubs, thereby replacing exotic plantations with indigenous
forest. © 1989.},
Doi = {10.1016/0378-1127(89)90047-9},
Key = {fds362272}
}
@misc{fds368811,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT and Butynski, TM and Lwanga, JS},
Title = {Hybridization between redtail (Cercopithecus ascanius
schmidti) and blue (Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni) monkeys
in the Kibale Forest, Uganda},
Pages = {477-497},
Booktitle = {A Primate Radiation: Evolutionary Biology of the African
Guenons},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Gautier-Hion, A and Bourliere, F and Gautier, J-P and Kingdon,
J},
Year = {1988},
ISBN = {0-521-33523-X},
Key = {fds368811}
}
@misc{fds368809,
Author = {Struhsaker, T},
Title = {Male tenure, multi-male influxes, and reproductive success
in redtail monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius)},
Pages = {340-363},
Booktitle = {A Primate Radiation: Evolutionary Biology of the African
Guenons},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Gautier-Hion, A and Bourliere, F and Gautier, J-P and Kingdon,
J},
Year = {1988},
ISBN = {0-521-33523-X},
Key = {fds368809}
}
@misc{fds368810,
Author = {Struhsaker, T and Leland, L},
Title = {Group fission in redtail monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius) in
the Kibale Forest, Uganda},
Pages = {364-388},
Booktitle = {A Primate Radiation: Evolutionary Biology of the African
Guenons},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Gautier-Hion, A and Bourliere, F and Gautier, J-P and Kingdon,
J},
Year = {1988},
ISBN = {0-521-33523-X},
Key = {fds368810}
}
@article{fds368721,
Author = {MITTERMEIER, RA and OATES, JF and STRUHSAKER, TT and DEMELLO, MT and COIMBRA, A and RYLANDS, A and MARSH, C and VALLE, C and AYRES, JM and DIETZ, LA},
Title = {PRIMATE CONSERVATION - ISSUES AND STRATEGIES},
Journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {8},
Number = {5},
Pages = {406-406},
Publisher = {PLENUM PUBL CORP},
Year = {1987},
Month = {October},
Key = {fds368721}
}
@article{fds362273,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Forestry issues and conservation in Uganda},
Journal = {Biological Conservation},
Volume = {39},
Number = {3},
Pages = {237-238},
Year = {1987},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(87)90037-1},
Doi = {10.1016/0006-3207(87)90037-1},
Key = {fds362273}
}
@article{fds362274,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Forestry issues and conservation in Uganda},
Journal = {Biological Conservation},
Volume = {39},
Number = {3},
Pages = {209-234},
Year = {1987},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(87)90035-8},
Abstract = {This paper reviews current trends in the policy and use of
Uganda's forestry resource. Deforestation significantly
exceeds reafforestation. A diverse indigenous flora of
hundreds of tree species is being replaced with 4-5 exotic
tree species, having potentially adverse effects on the
ecology and severely limiting options for future
development. Although immediate causes of deforestation can
be related to short-term exploitation, the ultimate cause of
this imbalance is unsustainable human population growth.
Forest management policy is evaluated with particular
attention given to objectives and methods of natural forest
exploitation. It is argued that Uganda's natural forests
represent a unique genetic and natural resource with the
potential to serve many interest groups and supply many
benefits through sustainable and non-destructive uses. The
present management practice, however, caters primarily to
only two inerest groups, namely the timber and the charcoal
and fuelwood industries. Under current policy, which
encourages rehabilitation of sawmills and mechanised
exploitation of the natural forest, other interest groups
and values of the forest are not given due consideration.
Suggestions are offered for a management plan that gives
primary consideration to non-destructive low-impact uses of
the natural forest, and for a more effective programme of
reafforestation. Planted woodlots and tree plantations would
become the major sources of wood products, leaving the
natural forests intact to provide other services not
involving destructive harvesting. It is proposed that the
role of Uganda's Forest Department be re-evaluated
accordingly. Reafforestation programmes in progress and
planned for the future are examined. It is cincluded that
unless a far greater segment of the general population is
involved in these programmes, they are likely to be of very
limited value in meeting Uganda's fuelwood needs. The
importance of energy conservation is discussed and it is
concluded that nationwide improvement of 10% efficiency in
fuelwood use would be twice as effective in dealing with the
fuelwood crisis as all existing and planned reafforestation
projects combined. Assistance from international aid
agencies is also discussed, with a plea for appropriate and
self-sustaining programmes based on long-term ecological
planning. © 1987.},
Doi = {10.1016/0006-3207(87)90035-8},
Key = {fds362274}
}
@article{fds362275,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT and Leland, L},
Title = {Infanticide in a Patrilineal Society of Red Colobus
Monkeys},
Journal = {Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie},
Volume = {69},
Number = {2},
Pages = {89-132},
Year = {1985},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1985.tb00139.x},
Abstract = {A case study of infanticide in a group of red colobus
monkeys (Colobus badius tephrosceles) is described from the
Kibale Forest, Uganda. It is the first documented case in
non‐human primates of infanticide in a patrilineal social
organization committed by a male within his natal group.
Furthermore, it is the first documented record of
infanticide for an African colobine as well as for any
colobine living both in mature rain forest and relatively
free from human disturbance. We describe changes in social
relations and behavior accompanying the infanticidal attacks
and discuss the relevance of this case to prevalent
hypotheses on infanticide by male primates, kin selection,
female counterstrategies, and demography. Beschrieben wird
mit alien wünschenswerten Begleitumstanden ein Fall von
Kindstötung beim Roten Stummelaffen, Colobus badius. Es ist
der erste beschriebene Fall von afrikanischen Colobinen, die
im natürlichen Regenwald ohne menschliche Beeinflussung
leben. Es ist dariiber hinaus die erste gut dokumentierte
Kindstötung bei einem nichtmenschlichen Primaten mit
patrilinearer Sozialstruktur, die ein Männchen in seinem
elterlichen Trupp verübte. Innerhalb von 5 Monaten tötete
dieses Männchen ein Junges sicher, zwei andere
wahrscheinlich und verwundete ein weiteres schwer. Dieses
Männchen war körperlich und sozial frühreif und hatte
wahrscheinlich einen nicht zum Trupp gehörenden Vater (die
getöteten Jungen stammten also wohl nicht von mit ihm
verwandten Männchen). Kopulationen mit Weibchen im Trupp
begann er erst später, totete also sicher keine eigenen
Kinder. Er attackierte alle Jungen des Trupps, die jünger
als 6,5 Monate waren, nur nicht das Kind seiner eigenen
Mutter. Zwei der drei weiteren Truppmännchen versuchten,
die angegriffenen Kinder zu verteidigen; von den Weibchen
taten es nur die jeweiligen Mütter. Die Mütter der
getöteten Kinder kopulierten weniger als 2 Wochen danach
mit dem Töter‐Männchen. Zwei dieser Weibchen brachten
nach weniger als dem halben normalen Zwischengeburtsabstand
ein Kind zur Welt. Heterosexuelles Verhalten stieg während
der Tötungsphase an, vor allem auf Einladung der Weibchen.
51% aller Kopulationsabläufe bestritt das
Töter‐Männchen. östren nach einer Konzeption waren
während der Tötungsphase häufiger als davor oder danach.
Die weiblichen Paarungseinladungen könnten als
Beschwichtigung oder zur Vortäuschung der Vaterschäft
gedient haben. Das Männchen attackierte keine Kinder von
Weibchen, mit denen er kopuliert hatte, selbst waUhrend
ihrer Schwangerschaft. Mütter mit Kleinkindern mieden
dieses Männchen (und hielten sich an die anderen
Truppmännchen), wenn sie ihr Kind trugen, nicht aber, wenn
sie ohne das Kind waren. Während der Tötungsphase stieg
das weibliche Grußverhalten gegenüber Männchen auf das
1Ofache an, 91% davon richteten sich gegen das
Töter‐Männchen. Auch männliche Aggression gegen Mütter
mit Kindern stieg drastisch an, 83% davon gingen vom
Töter‐Männchen aus. Aggression zwischen den
Truppmännchen stieg in dieser Phase ebenfalls an; 6–7
Monate nach dem ersten Kindermord war das Töter‐Männchen
dominant, d. h. er zeigte das Dominanzverhalten und bedrohte
und verfolgte andere kopulierende Paare. Die adaptive
Bedeutung solchen Verhaltens wird erörtert. 1985 Blackwell
Verlag GmbH},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0310.1985.tb00139.x},
Key = {fds362275}
}
@article{fds362276,
Author = {RODGERS, WA and STRUHSAKER, TT and WEST, CC},
Title = {Observations on the red colobus (Colobus badius
tephrosceles) of Mbisi Forest, south‐ west
Tanzania},
Journal = {African Journal of Ecology},
Volume = {22},
Number = {3},
Pages = {187-194},
Year = {1984},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1984.tb00694.x},
Abstract = {The red colobus of Mbisis Forest in south‐west Tanzania
are at the southern end of a chain of five discrete
populations of C. b. tephrosceles. 220 km distant from their
closest neighbours. At 7°40 S and 2200 m above sea level
the Mbisi colobus live under ecological conditions very
different from other populations. This paper describes a
survey of Mbisi and its colobus population. Mbisi is a
relict montane cloud forest reserved in German times, but
the forest is decreasing slowly due to fires and illegal
cultivation. The colobus are similar to other populations,
observed differences in coat and tail length are thought to
be related to a more extreme climate. Ten groups averaging
some twenty‐five individuals each were encountered in 15%
of the 3000‐ha forest. High numbers of juveniles suggested
a viable population. Les colobes bai de la forêt de Mbisi,
au sud‐ouest de la Tanzanie, sont à l'extrême sud d'une
chaîne de cinq populations de C b. tephrosceles, à 220 km
de distance de leurs voisins les plus proches. A 7°40 ‘S
et 2200 m d’altitude, les colobes bai de Mbisi vivent dans
des conditions écologiques très différentes des autres
populations. Cet article décrit une étude de Mbisi et de
sa population de colobes. Mbisi est une forêt humide de
montagne rélictuelle protégée à l'époque allemande;
mais sa surface décroit lentement à cause des feux et des
cultures illégales. Les colobes sont similaires aux autres
populations et les différences observées dans le pelage et
la longeur de la queue seraient liées au climat plus
sévère. Dix groupes composés en moyenne de quelque
vingt‐cinq individus chacun ont été rencontrés dans 15%
des 3000 ha de forêt. Le nombre important de juvéniles
suggère que la population est viable. Copyright © 1984,
Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2028.1984.tb00694.x},
Key = {fds362276}
}
@article{fds362277,
Author = {GHIGLIERI, MP and BUTYNSKI, TM and STRUHSAKER, TT and LELAND, L and WALLIS, SJ and WASER, P},
Title = {Bush pig (Potamochoerus porcus) polychromatism and ecology
in Kibale Forest, Uganda},
Journal = {African Journal of Ecology},
Volume = {20},
Number = {4},
Pages = {231-236},
Year = {1982},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1982.tb00298.x},
Abstract = {Bush pigs of Kibale Forest, Uganda, exhibit at least four
pelage colour morphs. Two predominant morphs resemble the
western subspecies, Potamochoerus porcus porcus, and the
eastern/southern subspecies, P. porcus koiropotamus. Kibale
Forest may be a zone of secondary contact between
subspecies. Alternatively, the Kibale population could be
intermediate between clinal extremes. Group size ranged from
one to eleven pigs with a mean of 32. One‐third of those
bush pigs sighted were immature. Observations were also made
on activity and food habits. Les potamochères de la Forêt
de Kibale (Uganda) présentent quatre types de pelage. Les
deux morphologies prédominantes ressemblent à la
sous‐espèce occi‐dentale, Potamochoerus porcus porcus,
et la sous‐espèce orientale et du sud, P.p. koiropotamus.
La Forêt de Kibale semble être une zone de sympatrie pour
ces sous‐esmeces. L'organisation sociale est variable; la
taille du groupe varie d'un à onze individus avec une
moyenne de 3.13. 34% des potamochères observés sont
immatures. L'alimentation diurne n'est pas rare. Copyright
© 1982, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2028.1982.tb00298.x},
Key = {fds362277}
}
@article{fds362278,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Polyspecific Associations among Tropical Rain‐forest
Primates},
Journal = {Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie},
Volume = {57},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {268-304},
Year = {1981},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1981.tb01928.x},
Abstract = {New data on rain‐forest primate polyspecific associations,
primarily from the Kibalc Forest of W. Uganda, are presented
along with a re‐evaluation of previously published
results. Although some of the associations appear to be
chance phenomena, a number are clearly not. Evidence is
presented which supports the hypothesis that some of these
interspecific associations are due to aggregations at common
food resources. Weaker data suggest that in some cases a
species may derive foraging benefits by associating with
certain other species. In some cases food is clearly not
involved and when this concerns frequent association it
seems most likely that avian predator detection and
avoidance are involved. The absence of raptors specialized
for primate predation and the relative paucity of primate
polyspecific associations in S.E. Asia lend support to this
hypothesis. Warum bilden Regenwald‐Affen gemischte
Artengruppen? Bereits vorhandene Daten und neue, im
Kibale‐Forest in West‐Uganda erhoben, ergeben folgendes:
Sucht man den Wald nach Gruppen ab und zählt sie, so
bekommt man ganz andere Ergebnisse, als wenn man einer
Gruppe tagelang folgt und ihre Vergesellschaftungen zählt.
Das muß ein Beobachtungfehler sein. Gemischtartliche
Gruppen treten in verschiedenen Jahren, Monaten und zu
verschiedenen Tageszeiten unterschiedlich häufig auf, ohne
erkennbare Regelhaftigkeit für bestimmte Gruppierungen oder
Arten. Die Neigung zum aktiven Anschluß an andere Arten ist
von Art zu Art verschieden. Die Daten von 5 Artenpaaren
lassen vermuten, daß a) die seltenere Art sich der
häufigeren anschließt; b) kleinere Gruppen sich größeren
anschliefien; c) die Art mit dem größeren Streifgebiet
sich der mit dem kleineren anschließt. Bei je einer Gruppe
von Cercopithecus ascanius und C. mitis, deren Streifgebiete
stark überlappten, hing die Zeit, die beide miteinander
verbrachten, deutlich zusammen mit dem Grad der
Übereinstimmung ihrer aufgenommenen Nahrung. Weniger
deutlich zeigte sich das auch bei anderen Arten; es könnte
einen Vorteil bei der Nahrungsaufnahme bringen. Eine C.
ascanius‐Cruppe schloß sich anderen Arten vor allem in
Monaten mit vorherrschender Fruchtnahrung an. Das gilt aber
nicht für ihre Vergesellschaftung mit Colobus badius.
Häufige Vergesellschaftungen von C. ascanius und C. mitis
ließen sich verläßlich vorhersagen, wenn man die
Fruchtzeiten zweier relativ seltener, aber bevorzugter
Bäume beachtete. Häufige Futterbäume scheinen ohne
Einfluß. Zwischenartliche Interaktionen umfassen meist
Aggression, Spiel und Fellpflege. Aggression entzündet sich
meist an Nahrung; meist gewinnt der Größere. Kämpfe sind
um so häufiger (aber nicht Spiele), je ähnlicher die
Nahrung; für Fellpflege gilt das Gegenteil. Die großen
Unterschiede von Art zu Art in der Häufigkeit und Dauer des
Anschlusses lassen sich nur zum Teil mit arttypischen
Tagesmärschen und Gruppenaufteilungen erklären. Die je
nach Population verschiedenen zwischenartlichen
Zusammenschlüsse lassen sich oft, aber nicht immer mit der
Siedlungsdichte der Arten erklären. Gemischte Artengruppen
unter Regenwald‐Primaten gibt es in Afrika häufiger als
in Südost‐Asien und Südamerika. Einige solcher
Gruppierungen sind sicher nicht zufällig. Der Tagesgang
solcher Gruppierungen für 6 Gruppen aus drei Arten zeigte
keinen Zusammenhang mit den Aktivitaten bestimmter Fliegen,
scheint also nicht geeignet, den Kontakt mit
Krankheitsüberträgern zu verringern. Nur die Daten von C.
mltls, C. ascanius und Cercocebus albigena in Kibale ergeben
einen Zusammenhang der Vergesellschaftung mit den
Freßgewohnheiten. Für Arten mit wenig überlappender
Nahrung scheint in Afrika der verbreitete Kronenadler
Selektionsursache der Vergesellschaftungen zu sein. Für
Südamerika könnte Entsprechendes für die Harpyie gelten.
In Sßdost‐Asien fehlen Affenadler; das könnte zu den
dort seltenen Artenmischungen passen. Der Mensch als Feind
scheint nirgendwo in dieser Richtung zu wirken. Nahrung und
Bedrohung durch Raubvögel scheinen, neben Zufälligkeiten,
die wichtigsten Faktoren für gemischte Artengruppen bei
Primaten. 1981 Blackwell Verlag GmbH},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0310.1981.tb01928.x},
Key = {fds362278}
}
@article{fds362279,
Author = {STRUHSAKER, TT},
Title = {Vocalizations, phylogeny and palaeogeography of red colobus
monkeys (Colobus badius)},
Journal = {African Journal of Ecology},
Volume = {19},
Number = {3},
Pages = {265-283},
Year = {1981},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1981.tb01064.x},
Abstract = {Vocalizations from eight of the fourteen subspecies of red
colobus monkeys were compared to the present‐day
distribution of these subspecies and the hypothetical
locations of upper Pleistocene forest refugia. Many of the
similarities and differences in vocalizations of these
subspecies can best be understood in terms of their refuge
areas in the past. The degree of vocal similarity between
subspecies presumably depends upon which upper Pleistocene
forest refugia they originated from, how long they have been
geographically separated and the selection pressures and
rates of evolution acting on the vocalizations. In addition
to suggesting forest refugia from which the various
subspecies of red colobus originated, predictions are made
about vocal similarities of subspecies which have not
previously been studied. Finally, a general critique is
given on the relative values of coat colour, craniology and
vocalizations in the study of phylogeny among old world
monkeys. Les vocalisations de huit de quatorze
sous‐espèces de Colobe rouge furent comparées avec la
distribution actuelle de‐ces sous‐espèces et les
localisations hypothétiques des refuges forestiers du
Pléistocène supérieur. De nombreuses ressemblances et
différences de vocalisations sont le mieux comprises en
fonction de leur refuge dans le passé. Le degré de
resemblance vocale entre 2 sous‐espèces dépend
probablement du refuge forestier au Pléistocène
supérieur, de la période à laquelle elles ont été
géographiquement séparées et des pressions sélectives et
tout d'évolution jouant sur les vocalisations. Outre la
suggestion des refuges forestiers desquels les Colobes
rouges proviennent, des prédictions sont avancées
concernant des ressemblances vocales du sous‐espkèes non
encore étudiées. Enfin, une critique générale est
formulée sur la couleur relative du pelage, la craniologie
et les vocalisations dans le cadre de l'étude de la
phyllogénie des singes de l'ancienmonde. Copyright © 1981,
Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2028.1981.tb01064.x},
Key = {fds362279}
}
@article{fds362280,
Author = {STRUHSAKER, TT},
Title = {Forest and primate conservation in East Africa},
Journal = {African Journal of Ecology},
Volume = {19},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {99-114},
Year = {1981},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1981.tb00655.x},
Abstract = {The small ecological islands of rain forest remaining in
East Africa and the monkeys and apes living in them are
discussed. In Uganda, the number of monkey and ape species
in any particular low to medium altitude rain forest seems
to depend on three major factors: floral diversity,
proximity to upper Pleistocene forest refugia and the size
of the forest. Selected examples of forest and primate
Conservation in Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya are described.
From this description emerges a variegated picture of
potential conservation successes and failures. Suggestions
are made concerning the salvage of the remaining forest
islands. More and larger areas of forest should be protected
against exploitation. Detailed biological surveys must be
completed in many of these forests. Long‐term monitoring
research is vital to determine the effectiveness of forest
conservation. Of paramount importance is the need to
up‐date policies related to forest management, forestry
laws and codes, and the educational curriculum in primary
and secondary schools as it relates to the value of, and
need for, forest conservation. Le petit îlot écologique de
forêt humide restant en Afrique de 1'Est et les primates y
habitant sont présentés. En Ouganda, le nombre d'espices
de petits et de grands singes dans quelque forêt de basse
ou moyenne altitude semble dêpendre de trois facteurs
essentiels: la diversité florale, la proximité de refuges
forestiers du Pléistocène supérieur et la taille de la
forêt. Des exemples choisis parmi des types de conservation
de forêt et de primates en Ouganda, Tanzanie et Kenya sont
décrits. Il émerge de cette description une image variée
de succès ou d'échecs potentiels de types de conservation.
On avance des suggestions concernant le sauvetage des
derniers îlots de forêt. Des zones plus nombreuses et plus
étendues devraient être protégées de I'exploitation. Des
relevés biologiques détaillés doivent être réalisCs
dans beaucoup des ces forêts. Une recherche d'information
à long terme est vitale pour déterminer I'efficacité de
la conservation des forêts. Le besoin d'une politique
moderne de gestion de la forêts de codes et de lois
forestières et de programmes d'éducation dans les écoles
primaires et secondaires sont d'une importance primordiale
pour la conservation de la forêt. Copyright © 1981, Wiley
Blackwell. All rights reserved},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2028.1981.tb00655.x},
Key = {fds362280}
}
@article{fds362281,
Author = {STRUHSAKER, TT and LELAND, L},
Title = {Observations on two rare and endangered populations of red
colobus monkeys in East Africa: Colobus badius gordonorum
and Colobus badius kirkii},
Journal = {African Journal of Ecology},
Volume = {18},
Number = {2-3},
Pages = {191-216},
Year = {1980},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1980.tb00642.x},
Abstract = {Ecological and behavioural observations on two rare and
endangered red colobus subspecies, Colobus badius gordonorum
and C.b. kirkii, made during brief surveys in 1977, are
summarized. Information is given on physical appearance,
food habits, social group size and composition, social
behaviour and reproduction, vocalizations, associations with
other primate species and conservation status. On the basis
of coat colour, facial pattern and vocalizations, it is
concluded that gordonorum and kirkii are more closely
related to one another than previously thought by many
authorities. Both of the red colobus populations surveyed
are severely threatened by habitat destruction. Unless
immediate protection is afforded these areas, these
populations have little chance of surviving. Des
observations écologiques et éthologiques sur deux
sous‐espéces rares et menacées de colobes bai, Colobus
badius gordonorum et C.b. kirkii, ont été faites durant de
courtes visites en 1977. L'apparence physique, le régime
alimentaire, la taille et la composition des groupements
sociaux, le comportement social et la reproduction, les
vocalisations, les associations avec d'autres espéces de
primates et le statut de conservation sont décrits. Sur la
base de la couleur du pelage, les caractéristiques faciales
et les vocalisations, il semble que C.b. gordonorum et C.b.
kirkii s'apparentent davantage à une autre sous‐espèce
que celle à laquelle pensaient de nombreux spécialistes.
Les deux populations de colobes bai sont sévérement
menacées par la destruction de leur habitat. A moins qu'une
protection immédiate soit mise en application dans ces
régions, ces populations ont peu de chance de survivre.
Copyright © 1980, Wiley Blackwell. All rights
reserved},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2028.1980.tb00642.x},
Key = {fds362281}
}
@article{fds362282,
Author = {STRUHSAKER, TT},
Title = {Comparison of the behaviour and ecology of red colobus and
redtail monkeys in the Kibale Forest, Uganda},
Journal = {African Journal of Ecology},
Volume = {18},
Number = {1},
Pages = {33-51},
Year = {1980},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1980.tb00269.x},
Abstract = {The red colobus and redtail monkeys are the two most common
primates in the Kibale Forest, yet they show pronounced
differences in most aspects of their behaviour and ecology.
The red colobus live in large multi‐male social groups
with home ranges that completely overlap with those of other
conspecific social groups. The redtails live in
medium‐sized, one‐male social groups and actively defend
territories against other conspecific social groups. Red
colobus feed primarily on young plant growth, especially
buds, flowers, and young leaves. In contrast, redtails feed
heavily on fruits and arthropods. Comparisons are made of
inter‐individual spacing, adult male interactions, mating
systems, grooming, social relations of neonates,
inter‐group relations and diet, time budgets, vertical
stratification, ranging, biomass, density and yield. It is
suggested that differences in the density, dispersion
patterns and renewal rates of the divergent classes of food
account for much of the contrast in life styles of these two
monkey species. Le colobe bai et la cercopithèque ascagne
sont les deux primates les plus communs de la forêt de
Kibale, bien qu'ils présentent des différences prononcées
dans la plupart des aspects de leur comportement et de leur
écologie. Le colobe bai vit en grands groupes sociaux à
plusieurs mâles dont les domaines vitaux recouvrent
complètement ceux d'autres groupes conspécifiques. Les
cercopithèques ascagnes vivent en groupes sociaux moyens à
mâle unique et défendent activement leur territoire contre
les autres groupes sociaux conspécifiques. Les colobes bais
se nourrissent principalement de jeunes pousses,
spécialement des bourgeons, des fleurs et de jeunes
feuilles. Les cercopithèques, eux, mangent essentiellement
des fruits et des arthropodes. On compare les distances
entre individus, les interactions des mâles adultes, les
processus d'accouplement, de toilette, les relations
sociales des nouveaux‐nés, les relations entre les
groupes ainsi que les régimes alimentaires, les
actogrammes, la stratification verticale, la dispersion, la
densité et la production de biomasse. On suggère que les
différences de fréquence, de mode de distribution et de
taux de renouvellement des diverses sources de nourriture
entrent en ligne de compte pour une bonne part du contraste
dans les modes de vie de ces deux espèces. Copyright ©
1980, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2028.1980.tb00269.x},
Key = {fds362282}
}
@article{fds362283,
Author = {Gartlan, JS and McKey, DB and Waterman, PG and Struhsaker,
TT},
Title = {A comparative study of the phytochemistry of two African
Rain Forests},
Journal = {Biochemical Systematics and Ecology},
Volume = {8},
Number = {4},
Pages = {401-422},
Year = {1980},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(80)90044-7},
Abstract = {A comparative analysis of aspects of the secondary chemistry
of plants from the Kibale Forest, Uganda, and the
Douala-Edea Forest Reserve, Cameroon (93 species in all) has
shown mean concentrations of tannins and other phenolics to
be significantly greater in both young and mature foliage
from Douala-Edea than in comparable taxa from Kibale. The
differences remain significant when analysis was restricted
to common species only. Chromatographic analysis confirmed
that the proportion of species from Douala-Edea yielding
tannin breakdown products was significantly greater than
that from Kibale. In contrast, the proportion of species
whose leaves gave definite alkaloid-positive Dragendorff
reactions was significantly higher in the Kibale site.
Within each site, mature leaves of the great majority of
species yielded either tannins or alkaloids but the presence
of detectable quantities of both types of compound was rare.
In each site distributions of the two classes relative to
one another departed significantly from independence at the
O < 0.005 level. Nutrient analyses of vegetation also showed
striking differences between the two sites; the Ugandan
material appearing to be more nutrient-rich. The
distribution patterns of nutrients and of secondary
metabolites between the two sites are discussed in relation
to current hypotheses concerning strategies of defence
chemistry among plant communities. The data suggest that in
Douala-Edea, which is characterized by very sandy and acid
soils, the common elements of the flora invest heavily in
the production of high concentrations of tannins and other
phenolics. According to current hypotheses, these are the
class of secondary compounds whose characteristics are most
suitable to defence of vegetation growing on poor soils,
and/or in species-poor stands, and in which leaves are
likely to be long-lived. © 1980, All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/0305-1978(80)90044-7},
Key = {fds362283}
}
@article{fds362284,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT and Leland, L},
Title = {Socioecology of Five Sympatric Monkey Species in the Kibale
Forest, Uganda},
Journal = {Advances in the Study of Behavior},
Volume = {9},
Number = {C},
Pages = {159-228},
Year = {1979},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0065-3454(08)60036-4},
Abstract = {This chapter discusses: (1) the major behavioral and
sociological features of the five sympatric species,
including red colobus, black and white colobus (bw),
mangabey, blue monkey, and redtail monkey, (2) presents
hypotheses relating their social organization and ecology,
(3) examines the applicability of these hypotheses to other
primates, especially other cercopithecids, and (4) suggests
testable hypotheses and fruitful areas for future research.
Food availability is usually seen as determined by the
environment. However, it is important to take into account
both the physiology and anatomy of the consumer species
concerned. Group size of bw colobus is relatively stable in
differing habitats and this may be related to its limited
digestive and detoxification abilities. The Kibale omnivores
showed an inverse relationship between body and group size,
and a direct relationship between the body and home range
size. Similar trends are suggested by the spider, capuchin,
and squirrel monkeys. The smallest monkeys had the largest
group size and the smallest home range, probably due to
their greater dietary diversity and foraging efficiency for
mobile arthropods. It is still unclear why the groups of red
colobus with completely overlapping home ranges in Kibale do
not unite into one group. Probably, it is a matter of some
subtle factor of feeding ecology or a function of social
factors, such as the optimal group size for maximizing the
reproductive success of individual high-ranking males. ©
1979, Academic Press Inc.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0065-3454(08)60036-4},
Key = {fds362284}
}
@article{fds368722,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Endangered primates.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {201},
Number = {4358},
Pages = {804-805},
Year = {1978},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.201.4358.804},
Doi = {10.1126/science.201.4358.804},
Key = {fds368722}
}
@article{fds368723,
Author = {MCKEY, D and WATERMAN, PG and GARTLAN, JS and STRUHSAKER,
TT},
Title = {PHENOLIC CONTENT OF VEGETATION IN 2 AFRICAN RAIN FORESTS -
ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS},
Journal = {SCIENCE},
Volume = {202},
Number = {4363},
Pages = {61-64},
Publisher = {AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE},
Year = {1978},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds368723}
}
@article{fds362285,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Infanticide and social organization in the redtail monkey
(Cercopithecus ascanius schmidti) in the Kibale Forest,
Uganda.},
Journal = {Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie},
Volume = {45},
Number = {1},
Pages = {75-84},
Year = {1977},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1977.tb01009.x},
Abstract = {The redtail monkeys of the Kibale Forest, W. Uganda, live in
social groups of about 35 members with only one adult male.
In one of the study groups the harem male was replaced by a
new male from outside the group. This male-replacement was
followed by the new male killing and eating two newborn
infants in the group. Infants and young juveniles older than
one month were not attacked. Following the infanticide the
new male copulated with several adult females in the group.
8 months after this male joined the group, 5 other adult and
subadult males associated with it. This multimale influx was
accompanied by frequent and intense aggression among the
males. Comparisons are made with the studies of langurs in
India and Ceylon and it is suggested that infanticide
following male-replacement in the harem affords reproductive
advantages to the new male.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0310.1977.tb01009.x},
Key = {fds362285}
}
@article{fds368724,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT and Leland, L},
Title = {Palm-Nut Smashing by Cebus a. apella in Colombia},
Journal = {Biotropica},
Volume = {9},
Number = {2},
Pages = {124-124},
Publisher = {JSTOR},
Year = {1977},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2387666},
Doi = {10.2307/2387666},
Key = {fds368724}
}
@article{fds362286,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {The dim future of la macarena},
Journal = {Oryx},
Volume = {13},
Number = {3},
Pages = {298-302},
Year = {1976},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0030605300013788},
Abstract = {One of Colombia's finest national parks, La Macarena, is
being gradually encroached by settlers-the park area has
been nearly halved since 1948, and there is no sign of an
end to the process. The author, a research zoologist of the
New York Zoological Society, describes the situation and
appeals to the President and the government to act to save
the park. © 1976, Fauna and Flora International. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0030605300013788},
Key = {fds362286}
}
@article{fds368725,
Author = {Scott, Norman J. and Struhsaker, Thomas T. and Glander, KE and Chirivi, Hernando},
Title = {Primates and their habitats in Northern Columbia with
recommendations for future management and
research},
Journal = {Pan American Health Organization},
Number = {317},
Year = {1976},
Key = {fds368725}
}
@article{fds368726,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT and McKey, D},
Title = {Two Cusimanse Mongooses Attack a Black Cobra},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalogy},
Volume = {56},
Number = {3},
Pages = {721-722},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {1975},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1379500},
Doi = {10.2307/1379500},
Key = {fds368726}
}
@book{fds368727,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {The Red Colobus Monkey},
Pages = {311 pages},
Year = {1975},
ISBN = {9780226777696},
Key = {fds368727}
}
@article{fds362287,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Correlates of ranging behavior in a group of red colobus
monkeys (Colobus badius tephrosceles)},
Journal = {Integrative and Comparative Biology},
Volume = {14},
Number = {1},
Pages = {177-184},
Year = {1974},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/14.1.177},
Abstract = {Data are presented from 17 months of systematic sampling of
the food habits, ranging patterns and distribution of food
of a group of red colobus monkeys. No positive or negative
correlations were found between the diversity of ranging
patterns and the diversity of diet, distribution of food
species, or percentage of young growth in the diet. There
was, however, a significant correlation between the
diversity of ranging pattern and the number of days per
monthly sample that the group was proximal to or had
aggressive encounters with another group of red colobus
monkeys. © 1974 by the American Society of
Zoologists.},
Doi = {10.1093/icb/14.1.177},
Key = {fds362287}
}
@article{fds368728,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {A Recensus of Vervet Monkeys in the Masai‐Amboseli Game
Reserve, Kenya},
Journal = {Ecology},
Volume = {54},
Number = {4},
Pages = {930-932},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {1973},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1935693},
Abstract = {<jats:p>Between 1964 and 1971 the population of vervet
monkeys in the Amboseli Reserve, Kenya, has declined 33.3%.
There were significantly fewer young juveniles (0.5—1.5
years) in 1971 than in 1963—1964. The same birth season
was adhered to in 1971 as in 1963—1964.</jats:p>},
Doi = {10.2307/1935693},
Key = {fds368728}
}
@article{fds362288,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Rain-forest conservation in Africa},
Journal = {Primates},
Volume = {13},
Number = {1},
Pages = {103-109},
Year = {1972},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01757941},
Doi = {10.1007/BF01757941},
Key = {fds362288}
}
@article{fds362289,
Author = {Gartlan, JS and Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Polyspecific associations and niche separation of
rain‐forest anthropoids in Cameroon, West
Africa},
Journal = {Journal of Zoology},
Volume = {168},
Number = {2},
Pages = {221-265},
Year = {1972},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1972.tb01348.x},
Abstract = {A 19 month field study of rain‐forest anthropoids at
Idenau and several other rain forests, and a similar 15
month study at Southern Bakundu were conducted in Cameroon,
West Africa. The study areas and their primate fauna are
described. Polyspecific associations of primates were
temporary, but not random, some species occurring together
more frequently than others, and with statistical
significance. Seasonal environmental factors affecting the
composition of polyspecific cercopithecid associations are
described. Interspecific social behaviour was infrequent and
hybridization rare; instances of each are described.
Observations on vertical stratification, habitat preference,
seasonal movements and food habits indicated that all these
factors contribute to niche separation among five sympatric
species of rain‐forest Cercopithecus. The major predator
of anthropoids in Cameroon is man. To a much lesser extent
the Crowned hawk‐eagle, Stephanoaëtus coronatus
(Linnaeus) preys on Cercopithecus species. It is suggested
that polyspecific associations, by increasing the effective
group size, give advantages in food location and avoidance
of predators without increasing interspecific competition
for food and competition between males for females.
Copyright © 1972, Wiley Blackwell. All rights
reserved},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7998.1972.tb01348.x},
Key = {fds362289}
}
@article{fds362290,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Social behaviour of mother and infant vervet monkeys
(Cercopithecus aethiops)},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {19},
Number = {2},
Year = {1971},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(71)80004-0},
Abstract = {Mother-infant relations in wild vervet monkeys
(Cercoopithecus aethiops) and relations of mothers with
other group members were studied in the Masai-Amboseli Game
Reserve, Kenya. Vervet infants are more precocious than
other cercopithecines in the following: ventral clinging to
the mother declines faster and earlier than in other
species; infants are weaned earlier; infants spend less time
in non-aggressive contact with their mothers; mothers groom
their infants less; and other group members handle infants
earlier than in other species. The social contacts of
mothers with other group members change radically after
parturition. There are many more contacts with immature
females, who devote considerable attention to newborn
infants. © 1971.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0003-3472(71)80004-0},
Key = {fds362290}
}
@article{fds362291,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT and Hunkeler, P},
Title = {Evidence of tool-using by chimpanzees in the Ivory
Coast.},
Journal = {Folia primatologica; international journal of
primatology},
Volume = {15},
Number = {3},
Pages = {212-219},
Year = {1971},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000155380},
Doi = {10.1159/000155380},
Key = {fds362291}
}
@article{fds362292,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Notes on galagoides demldovii in cameroon},
Journal = {Mammalia},
Volume = {34},
Number = {2},
Pages = {207-211},
Year = {1970},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1970.34.2.207},
Doi = {10.1515/mamm.1970.34.2.207},
Key = {fds362292}
}
@misc{fds368828,
Author = {Struhsaker, T},
Title = {Phylogenetic implications of some vocalizations of
Cercopithecus monkeys},
Pages = {365-444},
Booktitle = {Old World Monkeys; evolution, systematics, and
behavior},
Publisher = {Academic Press},
Editor = {Napier, JR and Napier, PH},
Year = {1970},
Key = {fds368828}
}
@article{fds362293,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Correlates of ecology and social organization among African
cercopithecines.},
Journal = {Folia primatologica; international journal of
primatology},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1},
Pages = {80-118},
Year = {1969},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000155259},
Doi = {10.1159/000155259},
Key = {fds362293}
}
@article{fds368829,
Author = {Struhsaker, T},
Title = {Notes on the spiders Uloborus mundior (Chamberlin and Ivie)
and Nephila clavipes (Linnaeus) in Panama},
Journal = {American Midland Naturalist},
Volume = {82},
Number = {2},
Pages = {611-613},
Publisher = {University of Notre Dame},
Year = {1969},
Key = {fds368829}
}
@article{fds362294,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Social Structure Among Vervet Monkeys (Cercopithecus
Aethiops)},
Journal = {Behaviour},
Volume = {29},
Number = {2-4},
Pages = {83-121},
Year = {1968},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853967X00073},
Abstract = {The social structure of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus
aethiops) is described on the basis of a one year field
study in the Masai-Amboseli Game Reserve of south-central
Kenya, East Africa. The major findings and conclusions are
as follows: 1. They lived in relatively stable and closed
heterosexual groups, ranging in size from 7 to 53 with a
mean of 24 individuals. The sex ratio in these groups was
about 1: 1. 2. Home ranges of the groups varied in size from
0.071 to 0.37 square miles. Group territories varied from
0.067 to 0.30 square miles. There was no obvious correlation
between group size and home range or territory size. 3. Some
groups intruded into foreign territories significantly more
than expected by chance. 4. Certain territorial boundaries
were extremely stable, whereas others oscillated back and
forth over a distance as great as 240 yards. 5. Although the
groups were relatively closed, enough intergroup transfers
were seen to permit concluding that extensive inbreeding was
avoided. 6. Dominance among vervet monkeys was expressed in
terms of priority to spatial positions, food, and grooming
relationships, and through aggressiveness in agonistic
encounters. Intragroup dominance relations demonstrated a
strong trend toward a determined and linear relationship. 7.
Several correlates of dominance were found, including: role
in the Red, White, and Blue Display; unassisted defense of
the territory; and copulation. 8. Many coalitions associated
with agonistic encounters were formed through preferences of
the monkeys. 9. Recipients of coalitions were of two types:
dominant antagonists or subordinant non-antagonists. 10.
Some of the coalitions had a temporary effect on dyadic
dominance relations, either neutralizing or reversing them.
11. Group progressions were led by certain individuals.
Leadership of progressions seemed primarily related to age
and secondarily to dominance. 12. Each group regularly
divided into sleeping subgroups at sunset, rejoining after
sunrise. These subgroups were not formed at random but were
formed, at least partly, with reference to mother-infant,
coalitionary, and dominance relations. Formation of sleeping
subgroups probably facilitated the concealment of vervets
from nocturnal predators. 13. Territoriality and dominance
are discussed in the light of DAVIS' hypothesis and the
relative importance of spatial parameters. 14. Vervet
territoriality was characterized by all-purpose areas that
were defended by all age-sex classes of heterosexual groups
throughout the year (excepting infants). Territoriality of
this nature is uncommon among mammals, examples being found
only among Primates and Rodentia. 15. The adaptiveness of
vervet social structure is discussed.},
Doi = {10.1163/156853967X00073},
Key = {fds362294}
}
@article{fds368729,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Ecology of Vervet Monkeys (Cercopithecus Aethiops) in The
Masai‐Amboseli Game Reserve, Kenya},
Journal = {Ecology},
Volume = {48},
Number = {6},
Pages = {891-904},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {1967},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1934531},
Abstract = {<jats:p>Aspects of the ecology of vervet monkeys
(Ceropithecus aethiops) are described on the basis of a 21
month field study in East Africa. Analysis of home range
utilization demonstrated differences between 4 groups. The
smallest group distributed its time over a greater area than
did the other groups. For 3 of the groups there appeared to
be a strong relationship between group size and the amount
of optimal habitat defended. The smallest group defended
more optimal habitat than expected. However, this same group
spent only 60% of its time in this habitat, whereas the
other groups all spent more than 95% of their time in it.
The smallest group may have avoided the optimal habitat of
its territory as an area of frequent intergroup aggression,
and as a result utilized a larger and less productive area.
Sleeping—tree preferences of groups and individuals are
described and discussed. The minimal distance traveled each
day by vervet groups varied from 148 to 2,797 yd. In
comparing the mean daily distance covered by 2 groups of
equal size it was found that one moved significantly further
than the other. More trips were made to permanent water
holes between 1300 and 1500 hr and during the dry season
than at other times. The frequency of group progressions was
greatest at 0700 to 1000 and 1600 to 1900 hr. Study of food
habits shows that they were opportunistic omnivores.
Elephants were the greatest food competitors of the vervets.
The monkeys had at least 16 potential predators. Outside of
parks and reserves the greatest predator was the European
commercial trapper. Ecological characteristics of vervets
and their niche separation from baboons are
discussed.</jats:p>},
Doi = {10.2307/1934531},
Key = {fds368729}
}
@article{fds362295,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Behavior of vervet monkeys and other cercopithecines. New
data show structural uniformities in the gestures of
semiarboreal and terrestrial cercopithecines.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {156},
Number = {3779},
Pages = {1197-1203},
Year = {1967},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.156.3779.1197},
Abstract = {A comparison of the communicative gestures of vervets with
those of other cercopithecines reveals both similarities and
differences. Examples have been given of gestures (i)
exhibited by all cercopithecines, (ii) rare or absent in
vervets and common in several other species, (iii)
demonstrated by vervets and a few other cercopithecines, and
(iv) common in vervets and rare or absent in other members
of the subfamily. Vervets, baboons, and rhesus monkeys have
approximately the same number of visual signals in their
behavioral repertoires-46, 42, and 49, respectively. Patas
monkeys seem to have a smaller repertoire. Fifty-nine
percent of the vervet patterns have also been described for
rhesus monkeys, 63 percent for baboons, and 54 percent for
patas. In cercopithecines, visual communicative patterns
seem to be evolutionarily one of the most stable forms of
behavior, in structural terms. Some of the greatest
differences in communicative gestures are differences in the
temporal aspects. In species of this subfamily, vocal
patterns seem to vary more than visual signals. Greater
structural differences in communicative gestures may be
found in the Cercopithecinae when systematic field studies
are made of some of the forest-dwelling species, about which
we know very little.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.156.3779.1197},
Key = {fds362295}
}
@article{fds362296,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Behavior of elk (Cervus canadensis) during the
rut.},
Journal = {Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie},
Volume = {24},
Number = {1},
Pages = {80-114},
Year = {1967},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1967.tb01229.x},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0310.1967.tb01229.x},
Key = {fds362296}
}
@article{fds362297,
Author = {Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Social structure among vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus
aethiops).},
Journal = {Behaviour},
Volume = {29},
Number = {2},
Pages = {6-121},
Year = {1967},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362297}
}
@misc{fds368830,
Author = {Struhsaker, T},
Title = {Auditory communication among vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus
aethiops)},
Pages = {281-324},
Booktitle = {Social communication among primates},
Publisher = {The University of Chicago Press},
Editor = {Altmann, S},
Year = {1967},
Key = {fds368830}
}
@article{fds368831,
Author = {Struhsaker, T},
Title = {Morphological factors regulating flight in
bats},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalogy},
Volume = {42},
Number = {2},
Pages = {152-159},
Year = {1961},
Key = {fds368831}
}
%% Tan, Jingzhi
@article{fds329922,
Author = {Tan, J and Ariely, D and Hare, B},
Title = {Bonobos respond prosocially toward members of other
groups.},
Journal = {Scientific Reports},
Volume = {7},
Number = {1},
Pages = {14733},
Year = {2017},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15320-w},
Abstract = {Modern humans live in an "exploded" network with unusually
large circles of trust that form due to prosociality toward
unfamiliar people (i.e. xenophilia). In a set of experiments
we demonstrate that semi-free ranging bonobos (Pan paniscus)
- both juveniles and young adults - also show spontaneous
responses consistent with xenophilia. Bonobos voluntarily
aided an unfamiliar, non-group member in obtaining food even
when he/she did not make overt requests for help. Bonobos
also showed evidence for involuntary, contagious yawning in
response to videos of yawning conspecifics who were complete
strangers. These experiments reveal that xenophilia in
bonobos can be unselfish, proactive and automatic. They
support the first impression hypothesis that suggests
xenophilia can evolve through individual selection in social
species whenever the benefits of building new bonds outweigh
the costs. Xenophilia likely evolved in bonobos as the risk
of intergroup aggression dissipated and the benefits of
bonding between immigrating members increased. Our findings
also mean the human potential for xenophilia is either
evolutionarily shared or convergent with bonobos and not
unique to our species as previously proposed.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-15320-w},
Key = {fds329922}
}
@article{fds324112,
Author = {Tan, J and Hare, B},
Title = {Bonobos share with strangers.},
Journal = {Plos One},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e51922},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051922},
Abstract = {Humans are thought to possess a unique proclivity to share
with others--including strangers. This puzzling phenomenon
has led many to suggest that sharing with strangers
originates from human-unique language, social norms, warfare
and/or cooperative breeding. However, bonobos, our closest
living relative, are highly tolerant and, in the wild, are
capable of having affiliative interactions with strangers.
In four experiments, we therefore examined whether bonobos
will voluntarily donate food to strangers. We show that
bonobos will forego their own food for the benefit of
interacting with a stranger. Their prosociality is in part
driven by unselfish motivation, because bonobos will even
help strangers acquire out-of-reach food when no desirable
social interaction is possible. However, this prosociality
has its limitations because bonobos will not donate food in
their possession when a social interaction is not possible.
These results indicate that other-regarding preferences
toward strangers are not uniquely human. Moreover, language,
social norms, warfare and cooperative breeding are
unnecessary for the evolution of xenophilic sharing.
Instead, we propose that prosociality toward strangers
initially evolves due to selection for social tolerance,
allowing the expansion of individual social networks. Human
social norms and language may subsequently extend this
ape-like social preference to the most costly
contexts.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0051922},
Key = {fds324112}
}
%% Taylor, Andrea B.
@misc{fds267961,
Author = {AB Taylor and T Yuan and CF Ross and CJ Vinyard},
Title = {Jaw-muscle force and excursion scale with negative allometry
in platyrrhine primates},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {158},
Number = {2},
Pages = {242-256},
Year = {2015},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22782},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22782},
Key = {fds267961}
}
@misc{fds267963,
Author = {E Huq and CE Wall and AB Taylor},
Title = {Epaxial muscle fiber architecture favors enhanced excursion
and power in the leaper Galago senegalensis},
Journal = {Journal of Anatomy},
Volume = {227},
Number = {4},
Pages = {524-540},
Year = {2015},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0021-8782},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joa.12351},
Abstract = {© 2015 Anatomical Society.Galago senegalensis is a habitual
arboreal leaper that engages in rapid spinal extension
during push-off. Large muscle excursions and high
contraction velocities are important components of leaping,
and experimental studies indicate that during leaping by G.
senegalensis, peak power is facilitated by elastic storage
of energy. To date, however, little is known about the
functional relationship between epaxial muscle fiber
architecture and locomotion in leaping primates. Here, fiber
architecture of select epaxial muscles is compared between
G. senegalensis (n = 4) and the slow arboreal quadruped,
Nycticebus coucang (n = 4). The hypothesis is tested that G.
senegalensis exhibits architectural features of the epaxial
muscles that facilitate rapid and powerful spinal extension
during the take-off phase of leaping. As predicted, G.
senegalensis epaxial muscles have relatively longer, less
pinnate fibers and higher ratios of tendon length-to-fiber
length, indicating the capacity for generating relatively
larger muscle excursions, higher whole-muscle contraction
velocities, and a greater capacity for elastic energy
storage. Thus, the relatively longer fibers and higher
tendon length-to-fiber length ratios can be functionally
linked to leaping performance in G. senegalensis. It is
further predicted that G. senegalensis epaxial muscles have
relatively smaller physiological cross-sectional areas
(PCSAs) as a consequence of an architectural trade-off
between fiber length (excursion) and PCSA (force). Contrary
to this prediction, there are no species differences in
relative PCSAs, but the smaller-bodied G. senegalensis
trends towards relatively larger epaxial muscle mass. These
findings suggest that relative increase in muscle mass in G.
senegalensis is largely attributable to longer fibers. The
relative increase in erector spinae muscle mass may
facilitate sagittal flexibility during leaping. The
similarity between species in relative PCSAs provides
empirical support for previous work linking osteological
features of the vertebral column in lorisids with axial
stability and reduced muscular effort associated with slow,
deliberate movements during anti-pronograde
locomotion.},
Doi = {10.1111/joa.12351},
Key = {fds267963}
}
@misc{fds267964,
Author = {CE Terhune and WL Hylander and CJ Vinyard and AB
Taylor},
Title = {Jaw-muscle architecture and mandibular morphology influence
relative maximum jaw gapes in the sexually dimorphic Macaca
fascicularis.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {82},
Pages = {145-158},
Year = {2015},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.02.006},
Abstract = {Maximum jaw gape is a performance variable related to
feeding and non-feeding oral behaviors, such as canine gape
displays, and is influenced by several factors including
jaw-muscle fiber architecture, muscle position on the skull,
and jaw morphology. Maximum gape, jaw length, and canine
height are strongly correlated across catarrhine primates,
but relationships between gape and other aspects of
masticatory apparatus morphology are less clear. We examine
the effects of jaw-adductor fiber architecture, jaw-muscle
leverage, and jaw form on gape in an intraspecific sample of
sexually dimorphic crab-eating macaques (Macaca
fascicularis). As M. fascicularis males have relatively
larger maximum gapes than females, we predict that males
will have muscle and jaw morphologies that facilitate large
gape, but these morphologies may come at some expense to
bite force. Male crab-eating macaques have relatively longer
jaw-muscle fibers, masseters with decreased leverage, and
temporomandibular joint morphologies that facilitate the
production of wide gapes. Because relative canine height is
correlated with maximum gape in catarrhines, and males have
relatively longer canines than females, these results
support the hypothesis that male M. fascicularis have
experienced selection to increase maximum gape. The sexes do
not differ in relative masseter physiologic cross-sectional
area (PCSA), but males compensate for a potential trade-off
between muscle excursion versus muscle force with increased
temporalis weight and PCSA. This musculoskeletal
configuration is likely functionally significant for
behaviors involving aggressive canine biting and displays in
male M. fascicularis and provides additional evidence
supporting the multifactorial nature of the catarrhine
masticatory apparatus. Our results have implications for the
evolution of craniofacial morphology in catarrhine primates
and reinforce the importance of evaluating additional
factors other than feeding behavior and diet in analyses of
masticatory apparatus form, function, and
evolution.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.02.006},
Key = {fds267964}
}
@misc{fds267965,
Author = {AP Goode and MP Reiman and L Harris and L DeLisa and A Kauffman and D
Beltramo, C Poole and L Ledbetter and AB Taylor},
Title = {Eccentric training for prevention of hamstring injuries may
depend on intervention compliance: a systematic review and
meta-analysis.},
Journal = {British journal of sports medicine},
Volume = {49},
Number = {6},
Pages = {349-356},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0306-3674},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-093466},
Abstract = {Hamstring injury is a prevalent muscle injury in sports.
Inconclusive evidence exists for eccentric hamstring
strengthening to prevent hamstring injuries. One reason for
this discrepancy may be the influence intervention
non-compliance has on individual study estimates, and
therefore pooled estimates.This systematic review aims to
determine the effect of eccentric hamstring strengthening on
the risk of hamstring injury and quantitatively explores the
impact of intervention non-compliance on the precision,
heterogeneity and strength of pooled estimates.A
computer-assisted literature search of Medline, CINAHL,
Cochrane, EMBASE, AMED, SportDiscus and PEDro databases was
conducted with keywords related to eccentric strengthening
and hamstring injury. The search was conducted from the end
of a previous comprehensive review forward (1 December 2008
to 31 December 2013). Random-effects models were used for
both main effects and a sensitivity analysis. Pooled
estimate precision was measured with a confidence limit
ratio (confidence limit ratio (CLR); upper limit divided by
the lower limit) and heterogeneity was assessed with I(2),
Cochrane's-Q and τ(2). A protocol was not registered for
this review.Four out of 349 studies met the inclusion
criteria. In main effects analysis, eccentric hamstring
training did not reduce the risk of hamstring injury (risk
ratio [RR]=0.59 ((95% CI 0.24 to 1.44)). This estimate was
imprecise (CLR=6.0) with significant heterogeneity (p value
0.02, 69.6% variation and t(2)=0.57). Subjects compliant
with eccentric strengthening had a significant (RR=0.35
((95% CI 0.23 to 0.55)) reduction in hamstring injuries.
This estimate was precise (CLR=2.4) and homogenous (p
value=0.38, 2.8% variation and t(2)=0.007).The null-biased
effect in using intent-to-treat methods from intervention
non-compliance has a substantial impact on the precision,
heterogeneity and the direction and strength of pooled
estimates. Eccentric strengthening, with good compliance,
appears to be successful in prevention of hamstring
injury.},
Doi = {10.1136/bjsports-2014-093466},
Key = {fds267965}
}
@misc{fds267962,
Author = {KN Rabey and DJ Green and AB Taylor and DR Begun and BG Richmond and SC
McFarlin},
Title = {Locomotor activity influences muscle architecture and bone
growth but not muscle attachment site morphology},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {78},
Pages = {91-102},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.10.010},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.10.010},
Key = {fds267962}
}
@misc{fds267966,
Author = {ER Vogel and A Zulfa and M Hardus and SA Wich and NJ Dominy and AB
Taylor},
Title = {Food mechanical properties, feeding ecology, and the
mandibular morphology of wild orangutans},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {75},
Pages = {110-124},
Year = {2014},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.05.007},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.05.007},
Key = {fds267966}
}
@misc{fds267969,
Author = {Y Chen and SH Williams and AL McNulty and JH Hong and SH Lee and NE
Rothfusz, PK Parekh and C Moore and RW Gereau and AB Taylor and F Wang and F Guilak and W Liedtke},
Title = {Temporomandibular joint pain: a critical role for Trpv4 in
the trigeminal ganglion.},
Journal = {Pain},
Volume = {154},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1295-1304},
Year = {2013},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23726674},
Abstract = {Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD) is known for its
mastication-associated pain. TMJD is medically relevant
because of its prevalence, severity, chronicity, the
therapy-refractoriness of its pain, and its largely elusive
pathogenesis. Against this background, we sought to
investigate the pathogenetic contributions of the
calcium-permeable TRPV4 ion channel, robustly expressed in
the trigeminal ganglion sensory neurons, to TMJ inflammation
and pain behavior. We demonstrate here that TRPV4 is
critical for TMJ-inflammation-evoked pain behavior in mice
and that trigeminal ganglion pronociceptive changes are
TRPV4-dependent. As a quantitative metric, bite force was
recorded as evidence of masticatory sensitization, in
keeping with human translational studies. In Trpv4(-/-) mice
with TMJ inflammation, attenuation of bite force was
significantly less than in wildtype (WT) mice. Similar
effects were seen with systemic application of a specific
TRPV4 inhibitor. TMJ inflammation and mandibular bony
changes were apparent after injections of complete Freund
adjuvant but were remarkably independent of the Trpv4
genotype. It was intriguing that, as a result of TMJ
inflammation, WT mice exhibited significant upregulation of
TRPV4 and phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated
kinase (ERK) in TMJ-innervating trigeminal sensory neurons,
which were absent in Trpv4(-/-) mice. Mice with
genetically-impaired MEK/ERK phosphorylation in neurons
showed resistance to reduction of bite force similar to that
of Trpv4(-/-) mice. Thus, TRPV4 is necessary for masticatory
sensitization in TMJ inflammation and probably functions
upstream of MEK/ERK phosphorylation in trigeminal ganglion
sensory neurons in vivo. TRPV4 therefore represents a novel
pronociceptive target in TMJ inflammation and should be
considered a target of interest in human
TMJD.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.pain.2013.04.004},
Key = {fds267969}
}
@misc{fds267968,
Author = {DJ Daegling and S Judex and E Ozcivici and MJ Ravosa and AB Taylor and FE
Grine, MF Teaford and PS Ungar},
Title = {Viewpoints: feeding mechanics, diet, and dietary adaptations
in early hominins.},
Journal = {Am J Phys Anthropol},
Volume = {151},
Number = {3},
Pages = {356-371},
Year = {2013},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23794331},
Abstract = {Inference of feeding adaptation in extinct species is
challenging, and reconstructions of the paleobiology of our
ancestors have utilized an array of analytical approaches.
Comparative anatomy and finite element analysis assist in
bracketing the range of capabilities in taxa, while
microwear and isotopic analyses give glimpses of individual
behavior in the past. These myriad approaches have
limitations, but each contributes incrementally toward the
recognition of adaptation in the hominin fossil record.
Microwear and stable isotope analysis together suggest that
australopiths are not united by a single, increasingly
specialized dietary adaptation. Their traditional (i.e.,
morphological) characterization as "nutcrackers" may only
apply to a single taxon, Paranthropus robustus. These
inferences can be rejected if interpretation of microwear
and isotopic data can be shown to be misguided or altogether
erroneous. Alternatively, if these sources of inference are
valid, it merely indicates that there are phylogenetic and
developmental constraints on morphology. Inherently, finite
element analysis is limited in its ability to identify
adaptation in paleobiological contexts. Its application to
the hominin fossil record to date demonstrates only that
under similar loading conditions, the form of the stress
field in the australopith facial skeleton differs from that
in living primates. This observation, by itself, does not
reveal feeding adaptation. Ontogenetic studies indicate that
functional and evolutionary adaptation need not be
conceptually isolated phenomena. Such a perspective helps to
inject consideration of mechanobiological principles of bone
formation into paleontological inferences. Finite element
analysis must employ such principles to become an effective
research tool in this context.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22281},
Key = {fds267968}
}
@misc{fds267971,
Author = {AB Taylor and CJ Vinyard},
Title = {The relationships among jaw-muscle fiber architecture, jaw
morphology, and feeding behavior in extant apes and modern
humans.},
Journal = {Am J Phys Anthropol},
Volume = {151},
Number = {1},
Pages = {120-134},
Year = {2013},
Month = {May},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23553609},
Abstract = {The jaw-closing muscles are responsible for generating many
of the forces and movements associated with feeding. Muscle
physiologic cross-sectional area (PCSA) and fiber length are
two architectural parameters that heavily influence muscle
function. While there have been numerous comparative studies
of hominoid and hominin craniodental and mandibular
morphology, little is known about hominoid jaw-muscle fiber
architecture. We present novel data on masseter and
temporalis internal muscle architecture for small- and
large-bodied hominoids. Hominoid scaling patterns are
evaluated and compared with representative New- (Cebus) and
Old-World (Macaca) monkeys. Variation in hominoid jaw-muscle
fiber architecture is related to both absolute size and
allometry. PCSAs scale close to isometry relative to jaw
length in anthropoids, but likely with positive allometry in
hominoids. Thus, large-bodied apes may be capable of
generating both absolutely and relatively greater muscle
forces compared with smaller-bodied apes and monkeys.
Compared with extant apes, modern humans exhibit a reduction
in masseter PCSA relative to condyle-M1 length but retain
relatively long fibers, suggesting humans may have
sacrificed relative masseter muscle force during chewing
without appreciably altering muscle excursion/contraction
velocity. Lastly, craniometric estimates of PCSAs
underestimate hominoid masseter and temporalis PCSAs by more
than 50% in gorillas, and overestimate masseter PCSA by as
much as 30% in humans. These findings underscore the
difficulty of accurately estimating jaw-muscle fiber
architecture from craniometric measures and suggest models
of fossil hominin and hominoid bite forces will be improved
by incorporating architectural data in estimating jaw-muscle
forces.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22260},
Key = {fds267971}
}
@misc{fds267967,
Author = {Y Chen and SH Williams and AL McNulty and JH Hong and SH Lee and NE
Rothfusz, PK Parekh and C Moore and RWG IV and AB Taylor and F Wang and F
Guilak and W Liedtke},
Title = {Temporomandibular joint pain: A critical role for Trpv4 in
the trigeminal ganglion},
Journal = {Pain},
Volume = {154},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1295-1304},
Year = {2013},
ISSN = {0304-3959},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2013.04.004},
Abstract = {Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD) is known for its
mastication-associated pain. TMJD is medically relevant
because of its prevalence, severity, chronicity, the
therapy-refractoriness of its pain, and its largely elusive
pathogenesis. Against this background, we sought to
investigate the pathogenetic contributions of the
calcium-permeable TRPV4 ion channel, robustly expressed in
the trigeminal ganglion sensory neurons, to TMJ inflammation
and pain behavior. We demonstrate here that TRPV4 is
critical for TMJ-inflammation-evoked pain behavior in mice
and that trigeminal ganglion pronociceptive changes are
TRPV4-dependent. As a quantitative metric, bite force was
recorded as evidence of masticatory sensitization, in
keeping with human translational studies. In Trpv4-/- mice
with TMJ inflammation, attenuation of bite force was
significantly less than in wildtype (WT) mice. Similar
effects were seen with systemic application of a specific
TRPV4 inhibitor. TMJ inflammation and mandibular bony
changes were apparent after injections of complete Freund
adjuvant but were remarkably independent of the Trpv4
genotype. It was intriguing that, as a result of TMJ
inflammation, WT mice exhibited significant upregulation of
TRPV4 and phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated
kinase (ERK) in TMJ-innervating trigeminal sensory neurons,
which were absent in Trpv4-/- mice. Mice with
genetically-impaired MEK/ERK phosphorylation in neurons
showed resistance to reduction of bite force similar to that
of Trpv4-/- mice. Thus, TRPV4 is necessary for masticatory
sensitization in TMJ inflammation and probably functions
upstream of MEK/ERK phosphorylation in trigeminal ganglion
sensory neurons in vivo. TRPV4 therefore represents a novel
pronociceptive target in TMJ inflammation and should be
considered a target of interest in human TMJD. © 2013
International Association for the Study of Pain. Published
by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.pain.2013.04.004},
Key = {fds267967}
}
@article{fds267973,
Author = {AL Mork and AB Taylor and CJ Vinyard},
Title = {Comparative analysis of masticatory apparatus features in
neonatal common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and
cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus)},
Journal = {FASEB JOURNAL},
Volume = {26},
Year = {2012},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0892-6638},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000310711305256&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds267973}
}
@article{fds207787,
Title = {Taylor AB, Yuan T, Ross CF, Vinyard CJ. Scaling of
jaw-muscle fiber architecture in platyrrhines: a
preliminary assessment. Amer J Phys Anthropol Suppl 54,
283. },
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds207787}
}
@article{fds267991,
Author = {AB Taylor and T Yuan and CF Ross and CJ Vinyard},
Title = {Scaling of jaw-muscle fiber architecture in platyrrhines: a
preliminary assessment},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {147},
Pages = {283-283},
Year = {2012},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000300498701275&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds267991}
}
@article{fds268001,
Author = {CJ Vinyard and AB Taylor and MF Teaford and KE Glander and MJ Ravosa and JB
Rossie, TM Ryan and SH Williams},
Title = {Are we looking for loads in all the right places? New
research directions for studying the masticatory apparatus
of New World monkeys.},
Journal = {Anat Rec (Hoboken)},
Volume = {294},
Number = {12},
Pages = {2140-2157},
Year = {2011},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1932-8494},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22042540},
Abstract = {New World monkeys display a wide range of masticatory
apparatus morphologies related to their diverse diets and
feeding strategies. While primatologists have completed many
studies of the platyrrhine masticatory apparatus,
particularly morphometric analyses, we collectively
acknowledge key shortcomings in our understanding of the
function and evolution of the platyrrhine feeding apparatus.
Our goal in this contribution is to review several recent,
and in most cases ongoing, efforts to address some of the
deficits in our knowledge of how the platyrrhine skull is
loaded during feeding. We specifically consider three broad
research areas: (1) in vivo physiological studies
documenting mandibular bone strains during feeding, (2)
metric analyses assessing musculoskeletal functional
morphology and performance, as well as (3) the initiation of
a physiological ecology of feeding that measures in vivo
masticatory mechanics in a natural environment. We draw
several conclusions from these brief reviews. First, we need
better documentation of in vivo strain patterns in the
platyrrhine skull during feeding given their empirical role
in developing adaptive hypotheses explaining masticatory
apparatus form. Second, the greater accuracy of new
technologies, such as CT scanning, will allow us to better
describe the functional consequences of jaw form. Third,
performance studies are generally lacking for platyrrhine
jaws, muscles, and teeth and offer exciting avenues for
linking form to feeding behavior and diet. Finally, attempts
to bridge distinct research agendas, such as collecting in
vivo physiological data during feeding in natural
environments, present some of the greatest opportunities for
novel insights into platyrrhine feeding biology.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.21512},
Key = {fds268001}
}
@article{fds268000,
Author = {CE Terhune and J Iriarte-Díaz and AB Taylor and CF
Ross},
Title = {The instantaneous center of rotation of the mandible in
nonhuman primates.},
Journal = {Integr Comp Biol},
Volume = {51},
Number = {2},
Pages = {320-332},
Year = {2011},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {1557-7023},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21622946},
Abstract = {Kinematic analyses of mandibular movement in humans
demonstrate that the mandibular instantaneous center of
rotation (ICoR) is commonly located near the level of the
occlusal plane and varies in its position during a chewing
sequence. Few data are available regarding the location of
the ICoR in nonhuman primates and it remains unclear how the
position of the ICoR varies in association with mastication
and/or gape behaviors. ICoR was quantified throughout the
gape cycle in five species of nonhuman primates (Macaca
mulatta, Cebus apella, Chlorocebus aethiops, Eulemur fulvus,
and Varecia variegata). The ICoR is commonly located below
the mandibular condyle close to the occlusal plane and
varies considerably both superoinferiorly and
anteroposteriorly through the gape cycle. The path of the
ICoR, and by inference condylar movement, in Macaca and
Chlorocebus differs from humans whereas movement in Cebus
resembles that of humans. Similarities between humans and
Cebus in articular eminence and occlusal morphology may
explain these resemblances. Food material properties had
little influence on ICoR movement parameters.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1093/icb/icr031},
Key = {fds268000}
}
@article{fds267986,
Author = {CE Terhune and I-D Jose and AB Taylor and CF Ross},
Title = {The mandibular instantaneous center of rotation in non-human
primates and its relation to gape},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {51},
Pages = {E137-E137},
Year = {2011},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1540-7063},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000288278101238&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds267986}
}
@article{fds267978,
Author = {ER Vogel and ME Hardus and A Zulfa and SA Wich and AB Taylor and CP Van
Schaik and NJ Dominy},
Title = {Linking feeding ecology and jaw form in two species of wild
orangutans},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {144},
Pages = {301-301},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000288034000893&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds267978}
}
@article{fds267981,
Author = {E Huq and CE Wall and AB Taylor},
Title = {A preliminary comparison of spinal extensor-muscle fiber
architecture in Galago senegalensis and Nycticebus
coucang},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {144},
Pages = {172-172},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000288034000391&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds267981}
}
@article{fds267993,
Author = {CE Terhune and WL Hylander and CJ Vinyard and AB
Taylor},
Title = {Masseter fiber length and position influence relative
maximum jaw gapes in the sexually-dimorphic Macaca
fascicularis.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {144},
Pages = {292-292},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000288034000859&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds267993}
}
@article{fds267994,
Author = {AB Taylor and WL Hylander and CJ Vinyard},
Title = {The trade-off between force and excursion capabilities of
the masseter and temporalis muscles in African
papionins.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {144},
Pages = {291-291},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000288034000853&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds267994}
}
@misc{fds267970,
Author = {AB Taylor and CJ Vinyard},
Title = {The functional correlates of jaw-muscle fiber architecture
in primates},
Journal = {FASEB JOURNAL},
Volume = {24},
Year = {2010},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0892-6638},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000208675501584&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds267970}
}
@misc{fds267972,
Author = {AL Mork and AB Taylor and CJ Vinyard},
Title = {Comparative analysis of masticatory apparatus features in
neonatal common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and
cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus)},
Journal = {FASEB JOURNAL},
Volume = {24},
Year = {2010},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0892-6638},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=000208518005270&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds267972}
}
@article{fds268003,
Author = {CJ Vinyard and AB Taylor},
Title = {A preliminary analysis of the relationship between
jaw-muscle architecture and jaw-muscle electromyography
during chewing across primates.},
Journal = {Anat Rec (Hoboken)},
Volume = {293},
Number = {4},
Pages = {572-582},
Year = {2010},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1932-8494},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20235313},
Abstract = {The architectural arrangement of the fibers within a muscle
has a significant impact on how a muscle functions. Recent
work on primate jaw-muscle architecture demonstrates
significant associations with dietary variation and feeding
behaviors. In this study, the relationship between masseter
and temporalis muscle architecture and jaw-muscle activity
patterns is explored using Belanger's treeshrews and 11
primate species, including two genera of strepsirrhines
(Lemur and Otolemur) and five genera of anthropoids (Aotus,
Callithrix, Cebus, Macaca, and Papio). Jaw-muscle weights,
fiber lengths, and physiologic cross-sectional areas (PCSA)
were quantified for this preliminary analysis or collected
from the literature and compared to published
electromyographic recordings from these muscles. Results
indicate that masseter architecture is unrelated to the
superficial masseter working-side/balancing-side (W/B) ratio
across primate species. Alternatively, relative temporalis
architecture is correlated with temporalis W/B ratios across
primates. Specifically, relative temporalis PCSA is
inversely related to the W/B ratio for the anterior
temporalis, indicating that as animals recruit a larger
relative percentage of their balancing-side temporalis, they
possess the ability to generate relatively larger amounts of
force from these muscles. These findings support three
broader conclusions. First, masseter muscle architecture may
have experienced divergent evolution across different
primate clades related to novel functional roles in
different groups. Second, the temporalis may be functionally
constrained (relative to the masseter) across primates in
its functional role of creating vertical occlusal forces
during chewing. Finally, the contrasting results for the
masseter and temporalis suggest that the fiber architecture
of these muscles has evolved as distinct functional units in
primates.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.21121},
Key = {fds268003}
}
@misc{fds267979,
Author = {AB Taylor and CJ Vinyard},
Title = {Jaw-muscle fiber architecture in tufted capuchins favors
generating relatively large muscle forces without
compromising jaw gape},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION},
Volume = {57},
Number = {6},
Pages = {710-720},
Year = {2009},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000273073700006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.06.001},
Key = {fds267979}
}
@article{fds268002,
Author = {CM Eng, SR Ward and CJ Vinyard and AB Taylor},
Title = {The morphology of the masticatory apparatus facilitates
muscle force production at wide jaw gapes in tree-gouging
common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).},
Journal = {J Exp Biol},
Volume = {212},
Number = {Pt 24},
Pages = {4040-4055},
Year = {2009},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1477-9145},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19946083},
Keywords = {Animals Biomechanics Bite Force Callithrix Jaw Muscle
Fibers, Skeletal Muscles Sarcomeres Stomatognathic System
Trees* anatomy & histology* physiology physiology*},
Abstract = {Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) generate wide jaw
gapes when gouging trees with their anterior teeth to elicit
tree exudate flow. Closely related cotton-top tamarins
(Saguinus oedipus) do not gouge trees but share similar
diets including exudates. Maximizing jaw opening
theoretically compromises the bite forces that marmosets can
generate during gouging. To investigate how jaw-muscle
architecture and craniofacial position impact muscle
performance during gouging, we combine skull and jaw-muscle
architectural features to model muscle force production
across a range of jaw gapes in these two species. We
incorporate joint mechanics, resting sarcomere length and
muscle architecture estimates from the masseter and
temporalis to model muscle excursion, sarcomere length and
relative tension as a function of joint angle. Muscle
excursion from occlusion to an estimated maximum functional
gape of 55 deg. was smaller in all regions of the masseter
and temporalis of C. jacchus compared with S. oedipus except
the posterior temporalis. As a consequence of reduced muscle
excursion distributed over more sarcomeres in series (i.e.
longer fibers), sarcomere length operating ranges are
smaller in C. jacchus jaw muscles across this range of
gapes. This configuration allows C. jacchus to act on a more
favorable portion of the length-tension curve at larger
gapes and thereby generate relatively greater tension in
these muscles compared with S. oedipus. Our results suggest
that biting performance during tree gouging in common
marmosets is improved by a musculoskeletal configuration
that reduces muscle stretch at wide gapes while
simultaneously facilitating comparatively large muscle
forces at the extremes of jaw opening.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.029983},
Key = {fds268002}
}
@article{fds268004,
Author = {AB Taylor and CJ Vinyard},
Title = {Jaw-muscle fiber architecture in tufted capuchins favors
generating relatively large muscle forces without
compromising jaw gape.},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Volume = {57},
Number = {6},
Pages = {710-720},
Year = {2009},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1095-8606},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19875148},
Abstract = {Tufted capuchins (sensu lato) are renowned for their dietary
flexibility and capacity to exploit hard and tough objects.
Cebus apella differs from other capuchins in displaying a
suite of craniodental features that have been functionally
and adaptively linked to their feeding behavior,
particularly the generation and dissipation of relatively
large jaw forces. We compared fiber architecture of the
masseter and temporalis muscles between C. apella (n=12) and
two "untufted" capuchins (C. capucinus, n=3; C. albifrons,
n=5). These three species share broadly similar diets, but
tufted capuchins occasionally exploit mechanically
challenging tissues. We tested the hypothesis that tufted
capuchins exhibit architectural properties of their jaw
muscles that facilitate relatively large forces including
relatively greater physiologic cross-sectional areas (PCSA),
more pinnate fibers, and lower ratios of mass to tetanic
tension (Mass/P(0)). Results show some evidence supporting
these predictions, as C. apella has relatively greater
superficial masseter and temporalis PCSAs, significantly so
only for the temporalis following Bonferroni adjustment.
Capuchins did not differ in pinnation angle or Mass/P(0). As
an architectural trade-off between maximizing muscle force
and muscle excursion/contraction velocity, we also tested
the hypothesis that C. apella exhibits relatively shorter
muscle fibers. Contrary to our prediction, there are no
significant differences in relative fiber lengths between
tufted and untufted capuchins. Therefore, we attribute the
relatively greater PCSAs in tufted capuchins primarily to
their larger muscle masses. These findings suggest that
relatively large jaw-muscle PCSAs can be added to the suite
of masticatory features that have been functionally linked
to the exploitation of a more resistant diet by C. apella.
By enlarging jaw-muscle mass to increase PCSA, rather than
reducing fiber lengths and increasing pinnation, tufted
capuchins appear to have increased jaw-muscle and bite
forces without markedly compromising muscle excursion and
contraction velocity. One performance advantage of this
morphology is that it promotes relatively large bite forces
at wide jaw gapes, which may be useful for processing large
food items along the posterior dentition. We further
hypothesize that this morphological pattern may have the
ecological benefit of facilitating the dietary diversity
seen in tufted capuchins. Lastly, the observed feeding on
large objects, coupled with a jaw-muscle architecture that
facilitates this behavior, raises concerns about utilizing
C. apella as an extant behavioral model for hominins that
might have specialized on small objects in their
diets.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.06.001},
Key = {fds268004}
}
@article{fds268006,
Author = {AB Taylor and CM Eng and FC Anapol and CJ Vinyard},
Title = {The functional correlates of jaw-muscle fiber architecture
in tree-gouging and nongouging callitrichid
monkeys.},
Journal = {Am J Phys Anthropol},
Volume = {139},
Number = {3},
Pages = {353-367},
Year = {2009},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1096-8644},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19140215},
Keywords = {Adaptation, Biological Animals Anthropometry Bite Force
Callitrichinae Feeding Behavior Masticatory Muscles Muscle
Contraction Muscle Fibers, Skeletal Statistics,
Nonparametric anatomy & histology* cytology* physiology
physiology*},
Abstract = {Common (Callithrix jacchus) and pygmy (Cebuella pygmaea)
marmosets and cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) share
broadly similar diets of fruits, insects, and tree exudates.
Marmosets, however, differ from tamarins in actively gouging
trees with their anterior dentition to elicit tree exudates
flow. Tree gouging in common marmosets involves the
generation of relatively wide jaw gapes, but not necessarily
relatively large bite forces. We compared fiber architecture
of the masseter and temporalis muscles in C. jacchus (N =
18), C. pygmaea (N = 5), and S. oedipus (N = 13). We tested
the hypothesis that tree-gouging marmosets would exhibit
relatively longer fibers and other architectural variables
that facilitate muscle stretch. As an architectural
trade-off between maximizing muscle excursion/contraction
velocity and muscle force, we also tested the hypothesis
that marmosets would exhibit relatively less pinnate fibers,
smaller physiologic cross-sectional areas (PCSA), and lower
priority indices (I) for force. As predicted, marmosets
display relatively longer-fibered muscles, a higher ratio of
fiber length to muscle mass, and a relatively greater
potential excursion of the distal tendon attachments, all of
which favor muscle stretch. Marmosets further display
relatively smaller PCSAs and other features that reflect a
reduced capacity for force generation. The longer fibers and
attendant higher contraction velocities likely facilitate
the production of relatively wide jaw gapes and the capacity
to generate more power from their jaw muscles during
gouging. The observed functional trade-off between muscle
excursion/contraction velocity and muscle force suggests
that primate jaw-muscle architecture reflects evolutionary
changes related to jaw movements as one of a number of
functional demands imposed on the masticatory
apparatus.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20991},
Key = {fds268006}
}
@article{fds268005,
Author = {JM Organ and MF Teaford and AB Taylor},
Title = {Functional correlates of fiber architecture of the lateral
caudal musculature in prehensile and nonprehensile tails of
the platyrrhini (primates) and procyonidae
(carnivora).},
Journal = {Anat Rec (Hoboken)},
Volume = {292},
Number = {6},
Pages = {827-841},
Year = {2009},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1932-8494},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19402068},
Keywords = {Animals Muscle Fibers, Skeletal Platyrrhini Procyonidae Tail
anatomy & histology* physiology physiology*},
Abstract = {Prehensile-tailed platyrrhines (atelines and Cebus) and
procyonids (Potos) display bony tail features that have been
functionally and adaptively linked to their prehensile
behaviors, particularly the need to resist relatively
greater bending and torsional stresses associated with
supporting their body weight during suspensory postures. We
compared fiber architecture of the mm. intertransversarii
caudae (ITC), the prime tail lateral flexors/rotators, in 40
individuals distributed across 8 platyrrhine and 2 procyonid
genera, divided into one of two groups: prehensile or
nonprehensile. We tested the hypothesis that
prehensile-tailed taxa exhibit relatively greater
physiologic cross-sectional areas (PCSAs) to maintain tail
suspensory postures for extended periods. As an
architectural trade-off of maximizing force, we also
predicted prehensile-tailed taxa would exhibit relatively
shorter, more pinnate fibers, and a lower mass to tetanic
tension ratio (Mass/P(O)). Prehensile-tailed taxa have
relatively higher PCSAs in all tail regions, indicating
their capacity to generate relatively greater maximum muscle
forces compared to nonprehensile-tailed taxa. Contrary to
our predictions, there are no group differences in pinnation
angles, fiber lengths or M/P(O) ratios. Therefore, the
relatively greater prehensile PCSAs are driven largely by
relative increase in muscle mass. These findings suggest
that relatively greater ITC PCSAs can be functionally linked
to the need for prehensile-tailed taxa to suspend and
support their body weight during arboreal behaviors.
Moreover, maximizing ITC force production may not come at
the expense of muscle excursion/contraction velocity. One
advantage of this architectural configuration is it
facilitates suspension of the body while simultaneously
maximizing tail contact with the substrate.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.20886},
Key = {fds268005}
}
@misc{fds267960,
Author = {AB Taylor},
Title = {The functional significance of variation in jaw form in
orangutans: The African apes as an ecogeographic
model},
Journal = {Orangutans: Geographic Variation in Behavioral Ecology and
Conservation},
Year = {2009},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199213276.003.0002},
Abstract = {© Oxford University Press, 2009. All rights
reserved.African apes and orangutans experience temporal and
spatial fluctuations in fruit availability with similar
behavioral consequences. Relying on the African apes as a
comparative ecogeographic model, this chapter examines jaw
form among Pongo pygmaeus morio, P.p. wurmbii, and P. abelii
to determine if these populations differ predictably in ways
that reflect their ecological profiles. Pongo p. morio is
characterized by the longest lean fruiting periods and
relies to the greatest extent on resistant and hard foods.
These orangutans are found to exhibit the relatively most
robust mandible, and thus display the relatively greatest
capacity to counter large and repetitive jaw loads. Pongo
abelii, which maintains a fruit-dominated diet even in times
of fruit scarcity, displays the relatively least robust
mandible. Orangutans are further shown to display a
relationship between variance in energy intake, feeding
efficacy, and relative brain size, suggesting a link among
morphological divergence, behavioral ecology, and life
history.},
Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199213276.003.0002},
Key = {fds267960}
}
@article{fds267990,
Author = {AB Taylor, JR Swaniker and CJ Vinyard},
Title = {Jaw-muscle fiber architecture in great apes: a preliminary
analysis of fiber length and physiologic cross-sectional
area.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {253-253},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000263442701355&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds267990}
}
@article{fds268007,
Author = {AB Taylor and ER Vogel and NJ Dominy},
Title = {Food material properties and mandibular load resistance
abilities in large-bodied hominoids.},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Volume = {55},
Number = {4},
Pages = {604-616},
Year = {2008},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18656244},
Keywords = {Animals Biological Evolution* Diet Female Food* Hominidae
Male Mandible Mastication Stress, Mechanical anatomy &
histology* physiology physiology*},
Abstract = {Numerous comparative studies have sought to demonstrate a
functional link between feeding behavior, diet, and
mandibular form in primates. In lieu of data on the material
properties of foods ingested and masticated, many
investigators have relied on qualitative dietary
classifications such as "folivore" or "frugivore." Here we
provide the first analysis of the relationship between jaw
form, dietary profiles, and food material properties in
large-bodied hominoids. We employed ratios of area moments
of inertia and condylar area to estimate moments imposed on
the mandible in order to evaluate and compare the relative
ability to counter mandibular loads among central Bornean
orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii), Virunga mountain
gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei), and east African
chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii). We used data
on elastic modulus (E) of fruit, fracture toughness (R) of
fruit, leaves, and non-fruit, non-leaf vegetation, and
derived fragmentation indices ( R/E and ER), as proxies for
bite force. We generated bending and twisting moments
(forcexmoment arm) for various mandibular loading behaviors
using food material properties to estimate minimally
required bite forces. Based on E and R of foods ingested and
masticated, we hypothesized improved resistance to
mandibular loads in Pongo p. wurmbii compared to the African
apes, and in G. b. beringei compared to Pan t.
schweinfurthii. Results reveal that our predictions are
borne out only when bite forces are estimated from maximum R
of non-fruit, non-leaf vegetation. For all other tissues and
material properties results were contrary to our
predictions. Importantly, as food material properties
change, the moments imposed on the mandible change; this, in
turn, alters the entire ratio of relative load resistance to
moment. The net effect is that species appear over- or
under-designed for the moments imposed on the mandible. Our
hypothesis, therefore, is supported only if we accept that
maximum R of these vegetative tissues represents the
relevant mechanical property influencing the magnitude of
neuromuscular activity, food fragmentation, and mandibular
morphology. A general implication is that reliable estimates
of average and maximum bite forces from food material
properties require that the full range of tissues masticated
be tested. Synthesizing data on ingestive and masticatory
behaviors, the number of chewing cycles associated with a
given food, and food mechanical properties, should inform
the broader question of which foods and feeding behaviors
are most influential on the mandibular loading
environment.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.04.001},
Key = {fds268007}
}
@article{fds150584,
Title = {Taylor, A.B. The functional significance of variation in
jaw form in orangutans: the African apes as an
ecogeographic model. In Orangutans: Ecology, Evolution,
Behaviour and Conservation. Wich SA, Utami SS, Tatang, MS,
van Schaik CP (Eds.), Oxford: Oxford University
Press.},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds150584}
}
@article{fds163051,
Title = {Taylor AB, Vinyard CJ., 2008. The relationship between
jaw-muscle architecture and feeding behavior in primates:
tree-gouging and nongouging gummivorous callitrichids as a
natural experiment. In: Vinyard CJ, Ravosa MJ, Wall CE,
editors. In: Primate Craniofacial Function and Biology,
pp. 241-264. New York: Springer.},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds163051}
}
@misc{fds267999,
Author = {AB Taylor and CV Schaik},
Title = {"Variation in brain size and ecology in Pongo" [J. Hum.
Evol. 52 (1) (2007) 59-71] (DOI:10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.07.010)},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {54},
Number = {5},
Pages = {727-728},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.01.002},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.01.002},
Key = {fds267999}
}
@article{fds267987,
Author = {JM Organ and MF Teaford and AB Taylor},
Title = {Fiber architecture of mm. intertransversarii caudae in the
prehensile and nonprehensile tail.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {166-166},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000253342000482&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds267987}
}
@article{fds267989,
Author = {AB Taylor and CJ Vinyard and BA Payseur},
Title = {Variation in masseter muscle fiber architecture in five
strains of inbred mice: implications for heritability of
fiber architecture.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {204-205},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000253342000650&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds267989}
}
@article{fds268008,
Author = {AB Taylor and CP van Schaik},
Title = {Variation in brain size and ecology in Pongo.},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Volume = {52},
Number = {1},
Pages = {59-71},
Year = {2007},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16968652},
Keywords = {Analysis of Variance Animals Brain Ecosystem* Female
Hominidae Indonesia Male anatomy & histology*},
Abstract = {Numerous hypotheses have been advanced to explain relative
increases in brain size in primates and other mammals.
However, notably less attention has been directed towards
addressing the biological limits to increasing brain size.
Here we explore variation in brain size in orangutans. We
evaluated both raw and size-adjusted cranial capacity (CC)
in adult Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus (n=147), P. p. wurmbii
(n=24), P. p. morio (n=14), and P. abelii (n=36). Results
demonstrate significant variation in CC among orangutan
taxa. Population differences in raw CC are significant for
females (p=0.014) but not males. Post-hoc pairwise
comparisons among females further reveal that raw CC is
significantly smaller in P. p. morio compared to both P.
abelii and P. p. pygmaeus. When evaluated for
proportionality, geometric equivalence in CC is not
maintained in orangutans, as P. p. morio has a significantly
smaller CC when compared to one or more other orangutan
groups. Even after statistically partitioning size and
size-correlated shape, P. p. morio has a significantly
smaller CC compared to most other orangutan groups. These
observed differences in relative brain size are consistent
with known variation in resource quality and life history
amongst orangutan populations. Specifically, P. p. morio is
characterized by the least productive habitat, the lowest
energy intake during extended lean periods, and the shortest
interbirth intervals. Our results, therefore, provide
conditional support for the hypothesis that decreased brain
size is related to prolonged episodes of food scarcity, and
suggest a correlation between brain size, diet quality, and
life history at the lowest macroevolutionary level. The
association of a relatively small brain and poor diet
quality in Pongo further suggests that ecological factors
may plausibly account for such a reduction in brain size as
observed in the recently recovered Homo floresiensis from
Indonesia.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.07.010},
Key = {fds268008}
}
@misc{fds267984,
Author = {AB Taylor and CJ Vinyard},
Title = {Jaw-muscle fiber architecture in Cebus.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {229-229},
Year = {2007},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000244656500734&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds267984}
}
@misc{fds267988,
Author = {CM Eng, SR Ward and TM Winters and TD Kingsbury and CJ Vinyard and AB
Taylor},
Title = {Mechanics of the masticatory apparatus favor muscle force
production at wide jaw gapes in tree-gouging
marmosets.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {107-107},
Year = {2007},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000244656500206&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds267988}
}
@article{fds268009,
Author = {AB Taylor and KE Jones and R Kunwar and MJ Ravosa},
Title = {Dietary consistency and plasticity of masseter fiber
architecture in postweaning rabbits.},
Journal = {Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol},
Volume = {288},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1105-1111},
Year = {2006},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1552-4884},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16952171},
Keywords = {Adaptation, Physiological Animals Diet* Female Hardness Male
Masseter Muscle Mastication Muscle Fibers, Skeletal Physical
Exertion Rabbits Weaning anatomy & histology* classification
cytology* physiology*},
Abstract = {Dietary consistency has been shown to influence
cross-sectional area and fiber type composition of the
masticatory muscles. However, little is known about the
effects of dietary consistency on masticatory muscle fiber
architecture. In this study, we explore the effects of
dietary consistency on the internal architecture of rabbit
masseter muscle. Because activity patterns of the rabbit
chewing muscles show inter- and intramuscular heterogeneity,
we evaluate if alterations in fiber architecture are
homogeneous across various portions of the superficial
masseter muscle. We compared masseter muscle fiber
architecture between two groups of weanling rabbits raised
on different diets for 105 days. One group was raised on a
diet of ground rabbit pellets to model underuse of the
masticatory complex, while the other group was fed a diet of
intact pellets and hay blocks to model an overuse diet. In
all portions of the superficial masseter, physiological
cross-sectional areas (PCSAs) are greater in the overuse
compared to underuse diet rabbits. Thus, the mechanical
demands for larger muscle and bite forces associated with
early and prolonged exposure to a tough diet are met by an
increase in PCSA of the superficial masseter. The larger
PCSA is due entirely to increased muscle mass, as the two
rabbit groups show no differences in either fiber length or
angle of pinnation. Thus, increasing pinnation angle is not
a necessary biomechanical solution to improving muscle and
bite force during growth. The change in PCSA but not fiber
length suggests that variation in dietary consistency has an
impact on maximum force production but not necessarily on
excursion or contraction velocity.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.a.20382},
Key = {fds268009}
}
@article{fds268010,
Author = {AB Taylor},
Title = {Feeding behavior, diet, and the functional consequences of
jaw form in orangutans, with implications for the evolution
of Pongo.},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Volume = {50},
Number = {4},
Pages = {377-393},
Year = {2006},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16413045},
Keywords = {Animals Biological Evolution* Diet* Feeding Behavior Female
Fossils Jaw Male Mandible Plants, Edible Pongo pygmaeus
anatomy & histology anatomy & histology* physiology
physiology*},
Abstract = {Orangutans are amongst the most craniometrically variable of
the extant great apes, yet there has been no attempt to
explicitly link this morphological variation with observed
differences in behavioral ecology. This study explores the
relationship between feeding behavior, diet, and mandibular
morphology in orangutans. All orangutans prefer ripe, pulpy
fruit when available. However, some populations of Bornean
orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus morio and P. p. wurmbii) rely
more heavily on bark and relatively tough vegetation during
periods of low fruit yield than do Sumatran orangutans
(Pongo abelii). I tested the hypothesis that Bornean
orangutans exhibit structural features of the mandible that
provide greater load resistance abilities to masticatory and
incisal forces. Compared to P. abelii, P. p. morio exhibits
greater load resistance abilities as reflected in a
relatively deeper mandibular corpus, deeper and wider
mandibular symphysis, and relatively greater condylar area.
P. p. wurmbii exhibits most of these same morphologies, and
in all comparisons is either comparable in jaw proportions
to P. p. morio, or intermediate between P. p. morio and P.
abelii. These data indicate that P. p. morio and P. p.
wurmbii are better suited to resisting large and/or frequent
jaw loads than P. abelii. Using these results, I evaluated
mandibular morphology in P. p. pygmaeus, a Bornean orangutan
population whose behavioral ecology is poorly known. Pongo
p. pygmaeus generally exhibits relatively greater load
resistance capabilities than P. abelii, but less than P. p.
morio. These results suggest that P. p. pygmaeus may consume
greater amounts of tougher and/or more obdurate foods than
P. abelii, and that consumption of such foods may intensify
amongst Bornean orangutan populations. Finally, data from
this study are used to evaluate variation in
craniomandibular morphology in Khoratpithecus piriyai,
possibly the earliest relative of Pongo from the late
Miocene of Thailand, and the late Pleistocene Hoa Binh
subfossil orangutan recovered from Vietnam. With the
exception of a relatively thicker M(3) mandibular corpus, K.
piriyai has jaw proportions that would be expected for an
extant orangutan of comparable jaw size. Likewise, the Hoa
Binh subfossil does not differ in skull proportions from
extant Pongo, independent of the effects of increase in jaw
size. These results indicate that differences in skull and
mandibular proportions between these fossil and subfossil
orangutans and extant Pongo are allometric. Furthermore, the
ability of K. piriyai to resist jaw loads appears to have
been comparable to that of extant orangutans. However, the
similarity in jaw proportions between P. abelii and K.
piriyai suggest the latter may have been dietarily more
similar to Sumatran orangutans.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.10.006},
Key = {fds268010}
}
@misc{fds268011,
Author = {AB Taylor},
Title = {Size and shape dimorphism in great ape mandibles and
implications for fossil species recognition.},
Journal = {Am J Phys Anthropol},
Volume = {129},
Number = {1},
Pages = {82-98},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16161147},
Abstract = {Sexual dimorphism is an important source of morphological
variation, and species differences in dimorphism may be
reflected in magnitude, pattern, or both. While the extant
great apes are commonly used as a reference sample for
distinguishing between sexual dimorphism and intertaxic
variation in the fossil record, few studies have evaluated
mandibular dimorphism in these taxa. In this study,
percentage, degree, and pattern of mandibular dimorphism are
evaluated in Pongo, Gorilla, and Pan. Mandibular dimorphism
patterns are explored to determine the extent to which such
patterns accurately track great ape phylogeny. Pattern
stability is assessed to determine whether there are stable
patterns of mandibular size and shape dimorphism that may be
usefully applied to hominoid or hominid fossil species
recognition studies. Finally, the established patterns of
dimorphism are used to address recent debates surrounding
great ape taxonomy. Results demonstrate that mandibular
dimorphism is universally expressed in size, but only Pongo
and Gorilla exhibit shape dimorphism. Pattern similarity
tends to be greater between subspecies of the same species
than between higher-order taxa, suggesting that within the
great apes, there is a relationship between dimorphism
pattern and phylogeny. However, this relationship is not
exact, given that dimorphism patterns are weakly correlated
between some closely related taxa, while great ape
subspecies may be highly correlated with taxa belonging to
other species or genera. Furthermore, dimorphism patterns
are not significantly correlated between great ape genera,
even between Gorilla and Pan. Dimorphism patterns are more
stable in Gorilla and Pongo as compared to Pan, but there is
little pattern stability between species or genera.
Importantly, few variables differ significantly between taxa
that simultaneously show consistently relatively low levels
of dimorphism and low levels of variation within taxa.
Combined, these findings indicate that mandibular dimorphism
patterns can and do vary considerably, even among closely
related species, and suggest that it would be difficult to
employ great ape mandibular dimorphism patterns for purposes
of distinguishing between intra- and interspecies variation
in fossil samples. Finally, the degree of pattern similarity
in mandibular dimorphism is lower than previously observed
by others for craniofacial dimorphism. Thus, the possibility
cannot be ruled out that patterns of craniofacial dimorphism
in great apes may be associated with a stronger phylogenetic
signal than are patterns of mandibular dimorphism.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20266},
Key = {fds268011}
}
@article{fds163052,
Title = {Taylor AB. Diet and mandibular morphology in the African
apes. International Journal of Primatology,
27:181-201.},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds163052}
}
@misc{fds267983,
Author = {LE White and KE Jones and CJ Vinyard and AB Taylor},
Title = {Functional architecture of the brainstem trigeminal complex
in two callitrichid species with divergent feeding behaviors
(Callithrix jacchus and Saguinus oedipus)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {187-187},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000235661100542&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds267983}
}
@misc{fds267998,
Author = {AB Taylor},
Title = {Diet and mandibular morphology in African
apes},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {27},
Number = {1},
Pages = {181-201},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-005-9000-5},
Abstract = {Investigations seeking to understand the relationship
between mandibular form, function, and dietary behavior have
focused on the mandibular corpus and symphysis. African apes
vary along a gradient of folivory/frugivory, yet few studies
have evaluated the morphology of the mandibular corpus and
symphysis in these taxa, and the investigations have yielded
mixed results. Specifically, studies using external metrics
have identified differences in mandibular proportions that
analysis of cortical bone distribution has not
substantiated. I contribute to the ongoing debate on the
relationship between jaw form and dietary behavior by
comparing mandibular corporal and symphyseal shapes in
African apes. Importantly, and in contrast to previous
studies of African ape internal geometry, I include the
Virunga mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei), the
ape most specialized toward a folivorous diet. I test the
hypotheses that 1) Gorilla beringei beringei always has
significantly more robust mandibular corpora and symphyses,
relative to mandibular length, than all other African apes
and 2) all gorillas have significantly more robust
mandibular corpora and symphyses, relative to mandibular
length, than Pan. Results demonstrate that the folivorous
mountain gorillas consistently exhibit a relatively wider
mandibular symphysis and corpus than all other African apes.
Furthermore, all gorillas consistently exhibit relatively
more robust mandibular corporal and symphyseal dimensions
than Pan. The results indicate that among African apes,
mountain gorillas are better able to counter lateral
transverse bending (wishboning) loads at the symphysis and
torsional loads at the corpus. All gorillas are likewise
better able to resist wishboning and vertical bending at the
symphysis, and sagittal bending and torsion at the corpus,
than Pan, findings that are consistent with masticating
relatively tougher foods, repetitive loading of the jaws, or
both. I offer possible explanations for the lack of
concordance in results between studies that have analyzed
the biomechanical properties of African ape mandibles and
others that have relied on external metrics. More
comprehensive study of the internal geometry of the mandible
is needed to resolve whether African apes differ
morphologically in ways predicted by dietary variation. ©
2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-005-9000-5},
Key = {fds267998}
}
@misc{fds268012,
Author = {AB Taylor},
Title = {A comparative analysis of temporomandibular joint morphology
in the African apes.},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Volume = {48},
Number = {6},
Pages = {555-574},
Year = {2005},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15927660},
Abstract = {A number of researchers have suggested a functional
relationship between dietary variation and temporomandibular
joint (TMJ) morphology, yet few studies have evaluated TMJ
form in the African apes. In this study, I compare TMJ
morphology in adults and during ontogeny in Gorilla (G.g.
beringei, G.g. graueri, and G.g. gorilla) and Pan (P.
paniscus, P. troglodytes troglodytes, P.t. schweinfurthii,
and P.t. verus). I test two hypotheses: first, compared to
all other African apes, G.g. beringei exhibits TMJ
morphologies that would be predicted for a primate that
consumes a diet comprised primarily of moderately to very
tough, leafy vegetation; and second, all gorillas exhibit
the same predicted morphologies compared to Pan. Compared to
all adult African apes, G.g. beringei has higher rami and
condyles positioned further above the occlusal plane of the
mandible, relative to jaw length. Thus, mountain gorillas
have the potential to generate relatively more muscle force,
more evenly distribute occlusal forces along the postcanine
teeth, and generate relatively greater jaw adductor moment.
G.g. beringei also exhibits relatively wider mandibular
condyles, suggesting these folivorous apes are able to
resist relatively greater compressive loads along the
lateral and/or medial aspect of the condyle. All gorillas
likewise exhibit these same shape differences compared to
Pan. These morphological responses are the predicted
consequences of intensification of folivory and, as such,
provide support for functional hypotheses linking these TMJ
morphologies to degree of folivory. The African apes to not,
however, demonstrate a systematic pattern of divergence in
relative condylar area as a function of intensification of
folivory. The ontogenetic trajectories for gorillas are
significantly elevated above those of Pan, and to a lesser
but still significant degree, mountain gorillas similarly
deviate from lowland gorillas (G.g. gorilla and G.g.
graueri). Thus, adult shape differences in ramal and
condylar heights do not result from the simple extrapolation
of common growth allometries relative to jaw length. As
such, they are suggestive of an adaptive shift towards a
tougher, more folivorous diet. However, the allometric
patterning for condylar area and condylar width does not
systematically conform to predictions based on dietary
specialization. Thus, while differences in condylar shapes
may confer functional advantages both during growth and as
adults, there is no evidence to suggest selection for
altered condylar proportions, independent of the effects of
changes in jaw size.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.01.003},
Key = {fds268012}
}
@article{fds150583,
Title = {Taylor, A.B., and Slice, D.E. A geometric morphometric
assessment of the relationship between scapular variation
and locomotion in African apes. In Modern Morphometrics in
Physical Anthropology pp, 299-318. Slice, D.E. (Ed.), New
York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds150583}
}
@misc{fds267976,
Author = {AB Taylor},
Title = {Diet and jaw form in Ponga},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {204-204},
Year = {2005},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000227214900553&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds267976}
}
@misc{fds267980,
Author = {CM Eng and CJ Vinyard and F Anapol and AB Taylor},
Title = {Stretching the limits: Jaw-muscle fiber architecture in
tree-gouging and nongouging callitrichid
monkeys.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {99-100},
Year = {2005},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000227214900149&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds267980}
}
@misc{fds268013,
Author = {AB Taylor and CJ Vinyard},
Title = {Comparative analysis of masseter fiber architecture in
tree-gouging (Callithrix jacchus) and nongouging (Saguinus
oedipus) callitrichids.},
Journal = {J Morphol},
Volume = {261},
Number = {3},
Pages = {276-285},
Year = {2004},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0362-2525},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15281057},
Abstract = {Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and cotton-top
tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) (Callitrichidae, Primates) share
a broadly similar diet of fruits, insects, and tree
exudates. Common marmosets, however, differ from tamarins by
actively gouging trees with their anterior teeth to elicit
tree exudate flow. During tree gouging, marmosets produce
relatively large jaw gapes, but do not necessarily produce
relatively large bite forces at the anterior teeth. We
compared the fiber architecture of the masseter muscle in
tree-gouging Callithrix jacchus (n = 10) to nongouging
Saguinus oedipus (n = 8) to determine whether the marmoset
masseter facilitates producing these large gapes during tree
gouging. We predict that the marmoset masseter has
relatively longer fibers and, hence, greater potential
muscle excursion (i.e., a greater range of motion through
increased muscle stretch). Conversely, because of the
expected trade-off between excursion and force production in
muscle architecture, we predict that the cotton-top tamarin
masseter has more pinnate fibers and increased physiological
cross-sectional area (PCSA) as compared to common marmosets.
Likewise, the S. oedipus masseter is predicted to have a
greater proportion of tendon relative to muscle fiber as
compared to the common marmoset masseter. Common marmosets
have absolutely and relatively longer masseter fibers than
cotton-top tamarins. Given that fiber length is directly
proportional to muscle excursion and by extension
contraction velocity, this result suggests that marmosets
have masseters designed for relatively greater stretching
and, hence, larger gapes. Conversely, the cotton-top tamarin
masseter has a greater angle of pinnation (but not
significantly so), larger PCSA, and higher proportion of
tendon. The significantly larger PCSA in the tamarin
masseter suggests that their masseter has relatively greater
force production capabilities as compared to marmosets.
Collectively, these results suggest that the fiber
architecture of the common marmoset masseter is part of a
suite of features of the masticatory apparatus that
facilitates the production of relatively large gapes during
tree gouging.},
Doi = {10.1002/jmor.10249},
Key = {fds268013}
}
@misc{fds267977,
Author = {AB Taylor and CJ Vinyard},
Title = {Masseter muscle fiber architecture in tree-gouging
(Callithrix jacchus) and non-gouging (Saguinus oedipus)
callitrichids},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {193-193},
Year = {2004},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000207846400555&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds267977}
}
@misc{fds268014,
Author = {AB Taylor and CP Groves},
Title = {Patterns of mandibular variation in Pan and Gorilla and
implications for African ape taxonomy.},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Volume = {44},
Number = {5},
Pages = {529-561},
Year = {2003},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12765617},
Abstract = {Pan and Gorilla taxonomy is currently in a state of flux,
with the number of existing species and subspecies of common
chimpanzee and gorilla having been recently challenged.
While Pan and Gorilla systematics have been evaluated on the
basis of craniometric and odontometric data, only a handful
of studies have evaluated multivariate craniometric
variation within P. troglodytes, and none have evaluated in
detail mandibular variation in either P. troglodytes or
Gorilla gorilla. In this paper, we examine ontogenetic and
adult mandibular variation in Pan and Gorilla. We test the
hypothesis that patterns and degrees of mandibular variation
in Pan and Gorilla closely correspond to those derived from
previous analyses of craniometric variation. We then use
these data to address some current issues surrounding Pan
and Gorilla taxonomy. Specifically, we evaluate the
purported distinctiveness of P.t. verus from the other two
subspecies of Pan troglodytes, and the recent proposals to
recognize Nigerian gorillas as a distinct subspecies,
Gorilla gorilla diehli, and to acknowledge mountain and
lowland gorillas as two separate species. Overall, patterns
and degrees of multivariate mandibular differentiation
parallel those obtained previously for the cranium and
dentition. Thus, differences among the three conventionally
recognized gorilla subspecies are somewhat greater than
among subspecies of common chimpanzees, but differences
between P. paniscus and P. troglodytes are greater than
those observed between any gorilla subspecies. In this
regard, the mandible does not appear to be more variable, or
of less taxonomic value, than the face and other parts of
the cranium. There are, however, some finer differences in
the pattern and degree of morphological differentiation in
Pan and Gorilla, both with respect to cranial and dental
morphology, and in terms of the application and manner of
size adjustment. Mandibular differentiation supports the
conventional separation of bonobos from chimpanzees
regardless of size adjustment, but size correction alters
the relative alignment of taxa. Following size correction,
intergroup distances are greatest between P.t. verus and all
other groups, but there is considerable overlap amongst
chimpanzee subspecies. Amongst gorillas, the greatest
separation is between eastern and western gorillas, but
adjustment relative to palatal vs. basicranial length
results in a greater accuracy of group classification for
G.g. gorilla and G.g. graueri, and more equivalent
intergroup distances amongst all gorilla groups. We find no
multivariate differentiation of the Nigerian gorillas based
on mandibular morphology, suggesting that the primary
difference between Nigerian and other western lowland
gorillas lies in the nuchal region. Though intergroup
distances are greatest between P.t. verus and other
chimpanzee subspecies, the degree of overlap amongst all
three groups does not indicate a markedly greater degree of
distinction in mandibular, as opposed to other morphologies.
Finally, mandibular differentiation corroborates previous
craniodental studies indicating the greatest distinction
amongst gorillas is between eastern and western groups.
Thus, patterns and degrees of mandibular variation are in
agreement with other kinds of data that have been used to
diagnose eastern and western gorillas as separate
species.},
Key = {fds268014}
}
@misc{fds267975,
Author = {AB Taylor},
Title = {Mountain gorillas: Three decades of research at
Karison.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {120},
Number = {3},
Pages = {306-308},
Year = {2003},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000181110200008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.10215},
Key = {fds267975}
}
@article{fds72033,
Title = {Taylor, A.B. Ontogeny and function of masticatory form in
Gorilla: Functional, evolutionary and taxonomic
implications. In Gorilla Biology: A Multidisciplinary
Perspective. Taylor, A.B. and Goldsmith, M.L., eds.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2003.},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds72033}
}
@article{fds72034,
Title = {Taylor, A.B. and Goldsmith, M.L. (eds.). Gorilla Biology:
A Multidisciplinary Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2003.},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds72034}
}
@article{fds150582,
Title = {Taylor, A.B., and Goldsmith, M.L. Introduction: Gorilla
biology: multiple perspectives on variation within a
genus. In Gorilla Biology: A Multidisciplinary
Perspective, pp. 1-8. Taylor, A.B. and Goldsmith, M.L.
(Eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds150582}
}
@misc{fds267985,
Author = {AB Taylor and CP Groves},
Title = {Patterns of mandibular variation in Pan and
Gorilla.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {206-206},
Year = {2003},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000181670000587&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds267985}
}
@article{fds267982,
Author = {AB Taylor and ML Goldsmith},
Title = {Introduction: Gorilla biology: Multiple perspectives on
variation within a genus},
Journal = {GORILLA BIOLOGY: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVE},
Volume = {35},
Pages = {1-8},
Year = {2003},
ISBN = {0-521-79281-9},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000189295700001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds267982}
}
@article{fds267992,
Author = {AB Taylor},
Title = {Ontogeny and function of the masticatory complex in gorilla:
Functional, evolutionary, and taxonomic implications},
Journal = {GORILLA BIOLOGY: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVE},
Volume = {35},
Pages = {132-193},
Year = {2003},
ISBN = {0-521-79281-9},
ISSN = {1746-2266},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000189295700007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds267992}
}
@misc{fds268015,
Author = {AB Taylor},
Title = {Masticatory form and function in the African
apes.},
Journal = {Am J Phys Anthropol},
Volume = {117},
Number = {2},
Pages = {133-156},
Year = {2002},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11815948},
Abstract = {This study examines variability in masticatory morphology as
a function of dietary preference among the African apes. The
African apes differ in the degree to which they consume
leaves and other fibrous vegetation. Gorilla gorilla
beringei, the eastern mountain gorilla, consumes the most
restricted diet comprised of mechanically resistant foods
such as leaves, pith, bark, and bamboo. Gorilla gorilla
gorilla, the western lowland gorilla subspecies, consumes
leaves and other terrestrial herbaceous vegetation (THV) but
also consumes a fair amount of ripe, fleshy fruit. In
contrast to gorillas, chimpanzees are frugivores and rely on
vegetation primarily as fallback foods. However, there has
been a long-standing debate regarding whether Pan paniscus,
the pygmy chimpanzee (or bonobo), consumes greater
quantities of THV as compared to Pan troglodytes, the common
chimpanzee. Because consumption of resistant foods involves
more daily chewing cycles and may require larger average
bite force, the mechanical demands placed on the masticatory
system are expected to be greater in folivores as compared
to primates that consume large quantities of fleshy fruit.
Therefore, more folivorous taxa are predicted to exhibit
features that improve load-resistance capabilities and
increase force production. To test this hypothesis, jaw and
skull dimensions were compared in ontogenetic series of G.
g. beringei, G. g. gorilla, P. t. troglodytes, and P.
paniscus. Controlling for the influence of allometry,
results show that compared to both chimpanzees and bonobos,
gorillas exhibit some features of the jaw complex that are
suggestive of improved masticatory efficiency. For example,
compared to all other taxa, G. g. beringei has a
significantly wider mandibular corpus and symphysis, larger
area for the masseter muscle, higher mandibular ramus, and
higher mandibular condyle relative to the occlusal plane of
the mandible. However, the significantly wider mandibular
symphysis may be an architectural response to increasing
symphyseal curvature with interspecific increase in size.
Moreover, Gorilla and Pan do not vary consistently in all
features, and some differences run counter to predictions
based on dietary variation. Thus, the morphological
responses are not entirely consonant with predictions based
on hypothesized loading regimes. Finally, despite
morphological differences between bonobos and chimpanzees,
there is no systematic pattern of differentiation that can
be clearly linked to differences in diet. Results indicate
that while some features may be linked to differences in
diet among the African apes, diet alone cannot account for
the patterns of morphological variation demonstrated in this
study. Allometric constraints and dental development also
appear to play a role in morphological differentiation among
the African apes.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.10013},
Key = {fds268015}
}
@misc{fds268020,
Author = {CJ Odom and AB Taylor and CE Hurd and CR Denegar},
Title = {Measurement of scapular asymetry and assessment of shoulder
dysfunction using the Lateral Scapular Slide Test: a
reliability and validity study.},
Journal = {Phys Ther},
Volume = {81},
Number = {2},
Pages = {799-809},
Year = {2001},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0031-9023},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11235656},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Lateral Scapular Slide Test
(LSST) is used to determine scapular position with the arm
abducted 0, 45, and 90 degrees in the coronal plane.
Assessment of scapular position is based on the derived
difference measurement of bilateral scapular distances. The
purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of
measurements obtained using the LSST and whether they could
be used to identify people with and without shoulder
impairments. Subjects. Forty-six subjects ranging in age
from 18 to 65 years (X=30.0, SD=11.1) participated in this
study. One group consisted of 20 subjects being treated for
shoulder impairments, and one group consisted of 26 subjects
without shoulder impairments. METHODS: Two measurements in
each test position were obtained bilaterally. From the
bilateral measurements, we derived the difference
measurement. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC [1,1])
and the standard error of measurement (SEM) were calculated
for intrarater and interrater reliability of the difference
in side-to-side measures of scapular distance. Sensitivity
and specificity of the LSST for classifying subjects with
and without shoulder impairments were also determined.
RESULTS: The ICCs for intrarater reliability were .75, .77,
and .80 and .52, .66, and .62, respectively, for subjects
without and with shoulder impairments in 0, 45, and 90
degrees of abduction. The ICCs for interrater reliability
were .67, .43, and .74 and .79, .45, and .57, respectively,
for subjects without and with shoulder impairments in 0,45
and 90 degrees of abduction. The SEMs ranged from 0.57 to
0.86 cm for intrarater reliability and from 0.79 to 1.20 cm
for interrater reliability. Using the criterion of greater
than 1.0 cm difference, sensitivity and specificity were 35%
and 48%, 41% and 54%, and 43% and 56%, respectively, for 0,
45, and 90 degrees of abduction. Sensitivity and specificity
based on the criterion of greater than 1.5 cm difference
were 28% and 53%, 50% and 58%, and 34% and 52%,
respectively, for the 3 scapular positions. CONCLUSION AND
DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that measurements of
scapular positioning based on the difference in side-to-side
scapular distance measures are not reliable. Furthermore,
the results suggest that sensitivity and specificity of the
LSST measurements are poor and that the LSST should not be
used to identify people with and without shoulder
dysfunction.},
Key = {fds268020}
}
@misc{fds268016,
Author = {AB Taylor},
Title = {Scapula form and biomechanics in gorillas.},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Volume = {33},
Number = {5},
Pages = {529-553},
Year = {1997},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9403078},
Abstract = {Gorillas are generating renewed interest as mounting
evidence from field and molecular studies strongly suggests
the western lowland (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and eastern
mountain (Gorilla gorilla beringei) gorillas are
considerably more distinct than has previously been
accepted. Schultz (1927, 1930, 1934) was one of the earliest
investigators to document morphological differences between
the two groups, noting differences in pedal, limb and
scapular morphology. These differences led Schultz to
conclude that while lowland gorillas retained some features
suited to an arboreal habitat, the mountain gorilla had
evolved into a specialized terrestrial quadruped. In
particular, he noted that mountain gorillas exhibited lower
values for the scapular index, higher values for ratios of
infraspinous fossa vs. scapula length and spine length vs.
scapula length and variability in the extent of curvature of
the vertebral border. However, Schultz' observations were
based upon small sample sizes of mostly adult specimens.
This study extends Schultz' preliminary work by assessing,
with appreciably larger sample sizes, patterns of relative
growth of the scapula in these two subspecies of Gorilla.
Scapula measurements were obtained for ontogenetic series of
G.g. gorilla (n = 366) and G. g. beringei (n = 43).
Statistical analyses reveal mountain gorillas exhibit
significantly (P < 0.05) greater spine lengths and scapula
breadths and smaller scapula lengths than lowland gorillas
of comparable superior border lengths. However, at
comparable body weights, mountain gorillas exhibit
significantly shorter spines and superior borders than
lowland gorillas. These differences in scapula proportions
are evaluated in the context of biomechanical predictions
regarding scapula form and locomotion.},
Doi = {10.1006/jhev.1997.0147},
Key = {fds268016}
}
@misc{fds268017,
Author = {AB Taylor},
Title = {Relative growth, ontogeny, and sexual dimorphism in gorilla
(Gorilla gorilla gorilla and G. g. beringei): evolutionary
and ecological considerations.},
Journal = {Am J Primatol},
Volume = {43},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-31},
Year = {1997},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9294638},
Abstract = {Gorillas are the largest and among the most sexually
dimorphic of all extant primates. While gorillas have been
incorporated in broad-level comparisons among large-bodied
hominoids or in studies of the African apes, comparisons
between gorilla subspecies have been rare. During the past
decade, however, behavioral, morphological, and molecular
data from a number of studies have indicated that the
western lowland (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and eastern
mountain (Gorilla gorilla beringei) subspecies differ to a
greater extent than has been previously believed. In this
study I compare patterns of relative growth of the
postcranial skeleton to evaluate whether differences between
subspecies result from the differential extension of common
patterns of relative growth. In addition, patterns of
ontogeny and sexual dimorphism are also examined. Linear
skeletal dimensions and skeletal weight were obtained for
ontogenetic series of male and female G.g. gorilla (n = 315)
and G.g. beringei (n = 38). Bivariate and multivariate
methods of analysis were used to test for differences in
patterns of relative growth, ontogeny, and sexual dimorphism
between sexes of each subspecies and in same-sex comparisons
between subspecies. Results indicate males and females of
both subspecies are ontogenetically scaled for postcranial
proportions and that females undergo an earlier skeletal
growth spurt compared to males. However, results also
indicate that the onset of the female growth spurt occurs at
different dental stages in lowland and mountain gorillas and
that mountain gorillas may be characterized by higher rates
of growth. Finally, data demonstrate lowland and mountain
gorilla females do not differ significantly in adult body
size, but mountain gorilla males are significantly larger
than lowland gorilla males, suggesting mountain gorillas are
characterized by a higher degree of sexual dimorphism in
body size. Thus, although lowland and mountain gorillas do
not appear to have evolved novel adaptations of the
postcranium which correlate with differences in locomotor
behavior, the present investigation establishes subspecies
differences in ontogeny and sexual dimorphism which may be
linked with ecological variation. Specifically, these
findings are evaluated in the context of risk aversion
models which predict higher growth rates and increased
levels of sexual dimorphism in extreme folivores.},
Doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1997)43:1<1::AID-AJP1>3.0.CO;2-0},
Key = {fds268017}
}
@misc{fds268018,
Author = {AB Taylor},
Title = {Effects of ontogeny and sexual dimorphism on scapula
morphology in the mountain gorilla (Gorilla gorilla
beringei).},
Journal = {Am J Phys Anthropol},
Volume = {98},
Number = {4},
Pages = {431-445},
Year = {1995},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8599379},
Abstract = {Scapular measurements were obtained from growth series of
the sexually dimorphic mountain gorilla (Gorilla gorilla
beringei). Juveniles, subadults, and adults were compared to
determine if scapula morphology varies with age. Analyses
reveal significant (P < 0.05) differences in scapula form
for shape ratios of length vs. breadth, length vs.
infraspinous fossa length, and length vs. spine length.
Males and females were also compared to determine if sexual
dimorphism in scapula morphology is a consequence of
differential extension of common patterns of relative
growth. Analyses reveal that scapula proportions are
ontogenetically scaled. Data indicate that male scapulae
grow at a faster rate and for a longer duration than
females. Results of comparisons of males and females suggest
that unique adaptations to different ecological niches have
not evolved between the sexes despite sexual differences in
frequency of patterns of locomotor behavior. By contrast,
age-related variation in scapula morphology may be linked to
differences in locomotor behavior during
ontogeny.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330980405},
Key = {fds268018}
}
@misc{fds267997,
Author = {AB Taylor and MI Siegel},
Title = {Modeling differences in biological shape in two species of
Peromyscus},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalogy},
Volume = {76},
Number = {3},
Pages = {828-842},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds267997}
}
@misc{fds267995,
Author = {TD Smith and MP Mooney and MI Siegel and AB Taylor and AM
Burrows},
Title = {Shape of scapular fossae in freshwater and marine
dolphins},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalogy},
Volume = {75},
Number = {2},
Pages = {515-519},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds267995}
}
@misc{fds267996,
Author = {MI Siegel and MP Mooney and AB Taylor},
Title = {Dental and skeletal reduction as a consequence of
environmental stress},
Journal = {Acta Zoologica Fennica},
Volume = {191},
Pages = {145-149},
Year = {1992},
Abstract = {Perinatal exposure to environmental stress consistently
results in an increased magnitude of fluctuating asymmetry
of the dentition and other osseous structures of weanling
rodents. Results support the concept of a generalized stress
response and are discussed in terms of a stress-induced
disruption in the calcium transport mechanism. -from
Authors},
Key = {fds267996}
}
@misc{fds268019,
Author = {A Riesenfeld and MI Siegel and MP Mooney and JT Seroky and AB
Taylor},
Title = {Effects of perinatal alcohol exposure and dietary calcium
supplements on skeletal and dental growth in
rats},
Journal = {Acta Anatomica},
Volume = {140},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-7},
Year = {1991},
Abstract = {Osteoporosis, hypocalcemia and skeletal size reduction are
all common correlates of perinatal alcohol exposure. The
present study assesses the effects of dietary calcium
supplements on reversing perinatal alcohol-induced
osteopenia. One hundred and twenty-nine offspring from
Fisher 344 rats received 14% v/v alcohol in tap water from
conception to weaning or 3 months of age followed by dietary
calcium supplements (230 mg/kg/day) to 6 months of age.
Significant group effects (p < 0.001) were noted for all
12 dental and skeletal dimensions measured. Results suggest
that calcium therapy following perinatal alcohol exposure
may ameliorate alcohol-induced osteopenia in exposed
offspring.},
Key = {fds268019}
}
@article{fds163053,
Author = {AB TAYLOR},
Title = {Unresolved pneumonia.},
Journal = {The Medical press, Not Available},
Volume = {226},
Number = {10},
Pages = {225-6},
Year = {1951},
Month = {September},
Key = {fds163053}
}
%% Teichroeb, Julie
@article{fds220328,
Author = {J. Teichroeb and Bonnell TR and Campenni M and Chapman CA. Gogaten Jf and Reyna-Hurtado RA and Teichroeb JA and Wasserman MD and Sengupta
R.},
Title = {Emergent Group Level Navigation: an Agent-Based Evaluation
of Movement Patterns in a Folivorous Primate},
Journal = {PLoS One 8: e782664},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds220328}
}
@article{fds220333,
Author = {J. Teichroeb and Wikberg EC and Teichroeb JA and Badescu I and Sicotte
P},
Title = {Individualistic Female Hierarchies With Varying Strength in
a Highly Folivorous Population of Black-and-White
Colobus},
Journal = {Behaviour 150: 395-320},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds220333}
}
@article{fds220353,
Author = {Teichroeb JA and Chapman CA},
Title = {Sensory information and associative cues in food detection
by wild vervet monkeys},
Journal = {Animal Cognition},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds220353}
}
@article{fds220354,
Author = {Teichroeb JA and Wikberg EC and Ting N and Sicotte
P},
Title = {Factors influencing male affiliation and coalition strength
in a species with male dispersal and intense male-male
comptetition, Colobus vellerosus},
Journal = {Behaviour},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds220354}
}
@article{fds220343,
Author = {Teichroeb JA},
Title = {Orgasm (primates)},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Human Sexuality},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds220343}
}
@article{fds220344,
Author = {Teichroeb JA},
Title = {Sexual Periodicity},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Human Sexuality},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds220344}
}
@misc{fds220345,
Author = {Teichroeb JA},
Title = {Profiles for Piliocolobus parmientieri & Piliocolobus
pennanti bouvieri},
Year = {2013},
url = {http://www.alltheworldsprimates.org},
Key = {fds220345}
}
@article{fds220346,
Author = {Teichroeb JA and Wikberg EC and Ting N and Sicotte
P},
Title = {Factors influencing male social relationships and coalition
strength in a species with male dispersal and intense
male-male competition},
Publisher = {XXIV Congress of the International Primatological
Society},
Year = {2012},
Month = {August},
Key = {fds220346}
}
@article{fds220347,
Author = {Teichroeb JA and Chapman CA and Sicotte P},
Title = {Folivorous ursine colobus monkeys do the Levy
walk},
Publisher = {XXIV Congress of the International Primatological
Society},
Year = {2012},
Month = {August},
Key = {fds220347}
}
@article{fds220335,
Author = {Teichroeb JA and Holmes TD and Sicotte P},
Title = {Use of Sleeping Trees in Ursine COlobus Monkey (Colobus
verllerosus) Indicates the Importance of Nearby
Food},
Journal = {Primates 5: 287-296},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds220335}
}
@article{fds220337,
Author = {Teichroeb JA and Sicotte P},
Title = {Cost-free Vigilance During Feeding in Folivorous Primates?
Examining the Effect of Predation Risk, Scramble
Competition, and Infanticide Threat On Vigilance in Ursine
Colobus Monkeys (Colobus vellerosus)},
Journal = {Behavioural Ecology & Sociobiology 66; 453-466},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds220337}
}
@article{fds220336,
Author = {Baranga D and Basuta GI and Teichroeb JA and Chapman
CA},
Title = {Crop Raiding Patterns of SOlitary and Social Groups
Red-Tailed Monkeys},
Journal = {Tropical Conservation Science 5: 104-111},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds220336}
}
@article{fds220334,
Author = {Chapman CA and Teichroeb JA},
Title = {What Influences the Size of Groups in Which Primates Choose
to Live?},
Journal = {Nature Education},
Year = {2012},
url = {http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/what-influences-the-size-of-groups-in-58068275},
Key = {fds220334}
}
@article{fds220331,
Author = {J. Teichroeb and Teichroeb JA and Wikberg EC and Badescu I and MacDonald LJ and Sicotte
P.},
Title = {Infanticide Risk and Male Quality Influence Optimal Group
Composition for Colobus vellerosus},
Journal = {Behavioural Ecology 23; 1348-1359},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds220331}
}
@article{fds220348,
Author = {Wikberg EC and Teichroeb JA and Badescu I and Sicotte
P},
Title = {Egalitarian femlae relationships in COlobus vellerosus
(ursine colobus): individualistic hierarchies with high
linearity and stability, moderate bidirectionality, and low
expression},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology 147 (S45):
302},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds220348}
}
@article{fds220338,
Author = {Teichroeb JA and Wikberg EC and Sicotte P},
Title = {Dispersal in male ursine colobus monkeys (Colobus
vellerosus): influence of age, rank and contact with other
groups on dispersal decisions},
Journal = {Behaviour 148: 765-793},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds220338}
}
@article{fds220349,
Author = {Teichroeb JA and Wikberg EC and Badescu I and MacDonald LJ and Sicotte
P.},
Title = {Breakfast in bed: sleep tree use by ursine colobus monkeys
(Colobus vellerosus) in Ghana},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds220349}
}
@article{fds220350,
Author = {Teichroeb JA and Wikberg EC and Badescu I and MacDonald LJ and Sicotte
P.},
Title = {The role of infanticide threat vs. ecological constraints in
determining social organization for Colobus vellerosus: the
importance of male quality for the folivore
paradox},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds220350}
}
@article{fds220339,
Author = {Teichroeb JA and Sicotte P},
Title = {The function of male agonistic dispays in ursine colobus
monkeys (Colobus vellerosus): male competition, female mate
choice or secual coercion?},
Journal = {Ethology 116: 366-380},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds220339}
}
@article{fds220340,
Author = {Teichroeb JA and Kutz SJ and Parkar U and Thompson RCA and Sicotte
P},
Title = {Ecology of the gastrointestinal parasites of Colobus
vellerosus at Boabeng-Fiema, Ghana: possible
anthropozoonotic transmission},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology 140:
498-507},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds220340}
}
@article{fds220341,
Author = {Teichroeb JA and Wikberg EC and Sicotte P},
Title = {Female dispersal patterns in six groups of ursine colobus
(Colobus vellerosus): infanticide avoidance is
important},
Journal = {Behavior 146: 551-582},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds220341}
}
@article{fds220342,
Author = {Teichroeb JA and Sicotte P},
Title = {Test of the ecological constraints model on ursine colobus
monkeys (Colobus vellerosus) in Ghana},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology 71: 49-59},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds220342}
}
@article{fds220351,
Author = {Teichroeb JA and Sicotte P},
Title = {Vigilance and group size in ursine colobus monkeys:
disentangling the effects of predation risk an rood
competition},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds220351}
}
@article{fds220352,
Author = {Teichroeb JA and Sicotte P},
Title = {Male dispersal patterns in ursine colobus monkeys (colobus
vellerosus)},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds220352}
}
@article{fds221960,
Author = {Teichroeb JA and Sicotte P.},
Title = {Infanticide in ursine colobus monkeys (Colobus vellerosus):
new cases and a test of the existing hypotheses. Behaviour
145: 727-755},
Journal = {Behaviour},
Volume = {145},
Pages = {727-755},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds221960}
}
@article{fds221959,
Author = {Teichroeb JA and Sicotte P.},
Title = {Social correlates of fecal testosterone in male ursine
colobus monkeys (Colobus vellerosus): the effect of male
competition in aseasonal breeders},
Journal = {Hormones and Behavior},
Volume = {54},
Pages = {417-423},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds221959}
}
@article{fds221961,
Author = {Brent LJN and Teichroeb JA and Sicotte P},
Title = {Preliminary assessment of natal attraction and infant
handling in wild Colobus vellerosus},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {70},
Pages = {101-105},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds221961}
}
@article{fds221962,
Author = {Campbell G and Teichroeb JA and Paterson JD},
Title = {Distribution of diurnal primate species in Togo and
Bénin},
Journal = {Folia Primatological},
Volume = {79},
Pages = {15-30},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds221962}
}
@article{fds221963,
Author = {Sicotte P and Teichroeb JA and Saj T},
Title = {Aspects of male competition in Colobus vellerosus:
preliminary data on male and female loud-calling and infant
deaths following a take- over},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {28},
Pages = {627-636},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds221963}
}
@article{fds221965,
Author = {Saj TL and Teichroeb JA and Sicotte P},
Title = {The population status of the ursine colobus (Colobus
vellerosus) at Boabeng-Fiema, Ghana},
Pages = {350-375},
Booktitle = {Commensalism and Conflict: The Human Primate
Interface},
Publisher = {American Society of Primatologists},
Address = {Norman, OK},
Editor = {Paterson, J.D. and Wallis, J.},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds221965}
}
@article{fds221964,
Author = {Teichroeb JA and Marteinson S and Sicotte P},
Title = {Individuals’ behaviours following dye-marking in wild
black-and-white colobus (Colobus vellerosus)},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {65},
Pages = {197-203},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds221964}
}
@article{fds221966,
Author = {Teichroeb JA and Saj TL Paterson JD and Sicotte
P},
Title = {Effect of group size on activity budgets of Colobus
vellerosus in Ghana},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {24},
Pages = {743-758},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds221966}
}
%% Terborgh, John W.
@article{fds370317,
Author = {Pak, D and Swamy, V and Alvarez-Loayza, P and Cornejo-Valverde, F and Queenborough, SA and Metz, MR and Terborgh, J and Valencia, R and Wright, SJ and Garwood, NC and Lasky, JR},
Title = {Multiscale phenological niches of seed fall in diverse
Amazonian plant communities.},
Journal = {Ecology},
Volume = {104},
Number = {5},
Pages = {e4022},
Year = {2023},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4022},
Abstract = {Phenology has long been hypothesized as an avenue for niche
partitioning or interspecific facilitation, both promoting
species coexistence. Tropical plant communities exhibit
striking diversity in reproductive phenology, but many are
also noted for large synchronous reproductive events. Here
we study whether the phenology of seed fall in such
communities is nonrandom, the temporal scales of
phenological patterns, and ecological factors that drive
reproductive phenology. We applied multivariate wavelet
analysis to test for phenological synchrony versus
compensatory dynamics (i.e., antisynchronous patterns where
one species' decline is compensated by the rise of another)
among species and across temporal scales. We used data from
long-term seed rain monitoring of hyperdiverse plant
communities in the western Amazon. We found significant
synchronous whole-community phenology at multiple
timescales, consistent with shared environmental responses
or positive interactions among species. We also observed
both compensatory and synchronous phenology within groups of
species (confamilials) likely to share traits and seed
dispersal mechanisms. Wind-dispersed species exhibited
significant synchrony at ~6-month scales, suggesting these
species might share phenological niches to match the
seasonality of wind. Our results suggest that community
phenology is shaped by shared environmental responses but
that the diversity of tropical plant phenology may partly
result from temporal niche partitioning. The
scale-specificity and time-localized nature of community
phenology patterns highlights the importance of multiple and
shifting drivers of phenology.},
Doi = {10.1002/ecy.4022},
Key = {fds370317}
}
@article{fds368587,
Author = {Terborgh, J},
Title = {The ‘island syndrome’ is an alternative
state},
Journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
Volume = {50},
Number = {3},
Pages = {467-475},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2023},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14530},
Abstract = {Aim: In the half-century since publication of the Theory of
Island Biology, ecologists have come to recognize the
importance of predation as a decisive determinant of
alternate states in many ecosystems. Island species are
notorious for their vulnerability to introduced predators,
yet the strength of island predator regimes has not been
fully incorporated into our understanding of the forces that
structure island consumer communities. Location: The Greater
and Lesser Antilles. Taxon: Birds and Anolis lizards.
Methods: Field surveys of sclerophyll and rainforest sites
on islands ranging in size from 3.5 km2 Terre-de-Haut to
76,000 km2 Hispaniola. Results: Evidence gathered in the
1970s and 1980s shows that Antillean anoles live at higher
densities on fewer resources, grow more slowly, reproduce
later and live longer than mainland counterparts in
conformity with the ‘island syndrome’. Data from this
period show that Antillean bird communities display density
overcompensation, community saturation, size-structured
foraging guilds, low species diversity and low species
packing, all traits consistent with the island syndrome and
a regime of low predation and intense competition. Mainland
species and communities display none of these features. Main
conclusions: I propose that the island syndrome is an
alternative state that distinguishes low-predation island
communities from high-predation mainland counterparts. It
follows that strong mainland predation regimes tend to
prevent island species from colonizing. Conversely,
invasion-resistant, size-structured island communities,
despite low species diversity, prevent mainland species from
colonizing islands. These predictions are experimentally
testable with Anolis lizards and, if confirmed, could set
island biogeography on a new course.},
Doi = {10.1111/jbi.14530},
Key = {fds368587}
}
@article{fds368927,
Author = {Martínez, AE and Ponciano, JM and Gomez, JP and Valqui, T and Novoa, J and Antezana, M and Biscarra, G and Camerlenghi, E and Carnes, BH and Huayanca Munarriz and R and Parra, E and Plummer, IM and Fitzpatrick,
JW and Robinson, SK and Socolar, JB and Terborgh,
J},
Title = {The structure and organisation of an Amazonian bird
community remains little changed after nearly four decades
in Manu National Park.},
Journal = {Ecology Letters},
Volume = {26},
Number = {2},
Pages = {335-346},
Year = {2023},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.14159},
Abstract = {Documenting patterns of spatiotemporal change in
hyper-diverse communities remains a challenge for tropical
ecology yet is increasingly urgent as some long-term studies
have shown major declines in bird communities in undisturbed
sites. In 1982, Terborgh et al. quantified the structure and
organisation of the bird community in a 97-ha. plot in
southeastern Peru. We revisited the same plot in 2018 using
the same methodologies as the original study to evaluate
community-wide changes. Contrary to longitudinal studies of
other neotropical bird communities (Tiputini, Manaus, and
Panama), we found little change in community structure and
organisation, with increases in 5, decreases in 2 and no
change in 7 foraging guilds. This apparent stability
suggests that large forest reserves such as the Manu
National Park, possibly due to regional topographical
influences on precipitation, still provide the conditions
for establishing refugia from at least some of the effects
of global change on bird communities.},
Doi = {10.1111/ele.14159},
Key = {fds368927}
}
@article{fds369712,
Author = {Pos, E and de Souza Coelho and L and de Andrade Lima Filho and D and Salomão, RP and Amaral, IL and de Almeida Matos and FD and Castilho,
CV and Phillips, OL and Guevara, JE and de Jesus Veiga Carim and M and López, DC and Magnusson, WE and Wittmann, F and Irume, MV and Martins,
MP and Sabatier, D and da Silva Guimarães, JR and Molino, J-F and Bánki, OS and Piedade, MTF and Pitman, NCA and Mendoza, AM and Ramos,
JF and Hawes, JE and Almeida, EJ and Barbosa, LF and Cavalheiro, L and Dos
Santos, MCV and Luize, BG and de Leão Novo and EMM and Vargas, PN and Silva, TSF and Venticinque, EM and Manzatto, AG and Reis, NFC and Terborgh, J and Casula, KR and Coronado, ENH and Montero, JC and Marimon, BS and Marimon-Junior, BH and Feldpausch, TR and Duque, A and Baraloto, C and Arboleda, NC and Engel, J and Petronelli, P and Zartman,
CE and Killeen, TJ and Vasquez, R and Mostacedo, B and Assis, RL and Schöngart, J and Castellanos, H and de Medeiros, MB and Simon, MF and Andrade, A and Camargo, JL and Demarchi, LO and Laurance, WF and Laurance, SGW and de Sousa Farias and E and Lopes, MA and Magalhães,
JLL and Nascimento, HEM and de Queiroz, HL and Aymard, GAC and Brienen,
R and Revilla, JDC and Costa, FRC and Quaresma, A and Vieira, ICG and Cintra, BBL and Stevenson, PR and Feitosa, YO and Duivenvoorden, JF and Mogollón, HF and Ferreira, LV and Comiskey, JA and Draper, F and de
Toledo, JJ and Damasco, G and Dávila, N and García-Villacorta, R and Lopes, A and Vicentini, A and Noronha, JC and Barbosa, FR and de Sá
Carpanedo, R and Emilio, T and Levis, C and de Jesus Rodrigues and D and Schietti, J and Souza, P and Alonso, A and Dallmeier, F and Gomes, VHF and Lloyd, J and Neill, D and de Aguiar, DPP and Araujo-Murakami, A and Arroyo, L and Carvalho, FA and de Souza, FC and do Amaral, DD and Feeley, KJ and Gribel, R and Pansonato, MP and Barlow, J and Berenguer,
E and Ferreira, J and Fine, PVA and Guedes, MC and Jimenez, EM and Licona,
JC and Mora, MCP and Peres, CA and Zegarra, BEV and Cerón, C and Henkel,
TW and Maas, P and Silveira, M and Stropp, J and Thomas-Caesar, R and Baker, TR and Daly, D and Dexter, KG and Householder, JE and Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I and Pennington, T and Paredes, MR and Fuentes, A and Pena, JLM and Silman, MR and Tello, JS and Chave, J and Valverde, FC and Di Fiore and A and Hilário, RR and Phillips, JF and Rivas-Torres, G and van Andel, TR and von Hildebrand, P and Barbosa,
EM and de Matos Bonates and LC and Doza, HPD and Fonty, É and Gómez, RZ and Gonzales, T and Gonzales, GPG and Guillaumet, J-L and Hoffman, B and Junqueira, AB and Malhi, Y and de Andrade Miranda and IP and Pinto, LFM and Prieto, A and Rudas, A and Ruschel, AR and Silva, N and Vela, CIA and Vos,
VA and Zent, EL and Zent, S and Albuquerque, BW and Cano, A and Correa, DF and Costa, JBP and Flores, BM and Holmgren, M and Nascimento, MT and Oliveira, AA and Ramirez-Angulo, H and Rocha, M and Scudeller, VV and Sierra, R and Tirado, M and Umaña, MN and van der Heijden, G and Torre,
EV and Vriesendorp, C and Wang, O and Young, KR and Reategui, MAA and Baider, C and Balslev, H and Cárdenas, S and Casas, LF and Farfan-Rios,
W and Ferreira, C and Linares-Palomino, R and Mendoza, C and Mesones, I and Torres-Lezama, A and Giraldo, LEU and Villarroel, D and Zagt, R and Alexiades, MN and Garcia-Cabrera, K and Hernandez, L and Milliken, W and Cuenca, WP and Pansini, S and Pauletto, D and Arevalo, FR and Sampaio,
AF and Sandoval, EHV and Gamarra, LV and Boenisch, G and Kattge, J and Kraft, N and Levesley, A and Melgaço, K and Pickavance, G and Poorter,
L and Ter Steege and H},
Title = {Unraveling Amazon tree community assembly using Maximum
Information Entropy: a quantitative analysis of tropical
forest ecology.},
Journal = {Scientific Reports},
Volume = {13},
Number = {1},
Pages = {2859},
Year = {2023},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28132-y},
Abstract = {In a time of rapid global change, the question of what
determines patterns in species abundance distribution
remains a priority for understanding the complex dynamics of
ecosystems. The constrained maximization of information
entropy provides a framework for the understanding of such
complex systems dynamics by a quantitative analysis of
important constraints via predictions using least biased
probability distributions. We apply it to over two thousand
hectares of Amazonian tree inventories across seven forest
types and thirteen functional traits, representing major
global axes of plant strategies. Results show that
constraints formed by regional relative abundances of genera
explain eight times more of local relative abundances than
constraints based on directional selection for specific
functional traits, although the latter does show clear
signals of environmental dependency. These results provide a
quantitative insight by inference from large-scale data
using cross-disciplinary methods, furthering our
understanding of ecological dynamics.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-28132-y},
Key = {fds369712}
}
@article{fds367691,
Author = {Correa, DF and Stevenson, PR and Umaña, MN and Coelho, LDS and Lima
Filho, DDA and Salomão, RP and Amaral, ILD and Wittmann, F and Matos,
FDDA and Castilho, CV and Phillips, OL and Guevara, JE and Carim, MDJV and Magnusson, WE and Sabatier, D and Molino, JF and Irume, MV and Martins,
MP and Guimarães, JRDS and Bánki, OS and Piedade, MTF and Pitman, NCA and Monteagudo Mendoza and A and Ramos, JF and Luize, BG and Novo, EMMDL and Núñez Vargas and P and Silva, TSF and Venticinque, EM and Manzatto,
AG and Reis, NFC and Terborgh, JW and Casula, KR and Honorio Coronado,
EN and Montero, JC and Schöngart, J and Cárdenas López and D and Costa,
FRC and Quaresma, AC and Zartman, CE and Killeen, TJ and Marimon, BS and Marimon-Junior, BH and Vasquez, R and Mostacedo, B and Demarchi, LO and Feldpausch, TR and Assis, RL and Baraloto, C and Engel, J and Petronelli, P and Castellanos, H and Medeiros, MBD and Simon, MF and Andrade, A and Camargo, JL and Laurance, SGW and Laurance, WF and Maniguaje Rincón and L and Schietti, J and Sousa, TR and Farias, EDS and Lopes, MA and Magalhães, JLL and Nascimento, HEM and Queiroz, HLD and Aymard C. and GA and Brienen, R and Cardenas Revilla and JD and Vieira,
ICG and Cintra, BBL and Feitosa, YO and Duivenvoorden, JF and Mogollón,
HF and Araujo-Murakami, A and Ferreira, LV and Lozada, JR and Comiskey,
JA and de Toledo, JJ and Damasco, G and Dávila, N and García-Villacorta, R and Lopes, A and Vicentini, A and Draper, FC and Castaño Arboleda and N and Cornejo Valverde and F and Alonso, A and Dallmeier, F and Gomes, VHF and Neill, D and de Aguiar, DPP and Arroyo,
L and Carvalho, FA and de Souza, FC and Amaral, DDD and Feeley, KJ and Gribel, R and Pansonato, MP and Barlow, J},
Title = {Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and
their ecological correlates},
Journal = {Global Ecology and Biogeography},
Volume = {32},
Number = {1},
Pages = {49-69},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geb.13596},
Abstract = {Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological
correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common
tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory,
anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional
abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the
availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability
hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for
constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability
hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established
between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a
diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location:
Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the
Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We
assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and
morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across
terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded
forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the
proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an
abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit
generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic
distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was
significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind
speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded
forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show
significant associations with the availability of resources
for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in
dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of
endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding
podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The
disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for
abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The
availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits
seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of
dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between
frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory
requires further research, as tree recruitment not only
depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that
favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest
types.},
Doi = {10.1111/geb.13596},
Key = {fds367691}
}
@article{fds366699,
Author = {Marca-Zevallos, MJ and Moulatlet, GM and Sousa, TR and Schietti, J and Coelho, LDS and Ramos, JF and Lima Filho and DDA and Amaral, IL and de
Almeida Matos and FD and Rincón, LM and Cardenas Revilla and JD and Pansonato, MP and Gribel, R and Barbosa, EM and Miranda, IPDA and Bonates, LCDM and Guevara, JE and Salomão, RP and Ferreira, LV and Dantas do Amaral and D and Pitman, NCA and Vriesendorp, C and Baker, TR and Brienen, R and Carim, MDJV and Guimarães, JRDS and Núñez Vargas,
P and Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I and Laurance, WF and Laurance, SGW and Andrade, A and Camargo, JL and Monteagudo Mendoza and A and Vasquez, R and Valenzuela Gamarra and L and Mogollón, HF and Marimon-Junior, BH and Marimon, BS and Killeen, TJ and Farias, EDS and Neill, D and de
Medeiros, MB and Simon, MF and Terborgh, J and Carlos Montero and J and Licona, JC and Mostacedo, B and García-Villacorta, R and Araujo-Murakami, A and Arroyo, L and Villarroel, D and Dávila, N and Coelho de Souza and F and Carvalho, FA and Comiskey, JA and Alonso, A and Dallmeier, F and Oliveira, AA and Castilho, CV and Lloyd, J and Feldpausch, TR and Ríos Paredes and M and Castaño Arboleda and N and Cárdenas López and D and Aymard Corredor and GA and Di Fiore and A and Rudas, A and Prieto, A and Barbosa, FR and Noronha, JC and Rodrigues,
DDJ and Carpanedo, RDS and Honorio Coronado and EN and Peres, CA and Milliken, W and Fuentes, A and Tello, JS and Cerón, C and Klitgaard, B and Tirado, M and Sierra, R and Young, KR and Rivas-Torres, GF and Stevenson, PR and Cano, A and Wang, O and Baider, C and Barlow, J and Ferreira, J and Berenguer, E and Stropp, J and Balslev, H and Ahuite
Reategui, MA and Mesones, I and Valderrama Sandoval and EH and Gonzales,
T and Pansini, S and Reis, NFC and Sampaio, AF and Vos,
VA},
Title = {Local hydrological conditions influence tree diversity and
composition across the Amazon basin},
Journal = {Ecography},
Volume = {2022},
Number = {11},
Year = {2022},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecog.06125},
Abstract = {Tree diversity and composition in Amazonia are known to be
strongly determined by the water supplied by precipitation.
Nevertheless, within the same climatic regime, water
availability is modulated by local topography and soil
characteristics (hereafter referred to as local hydrological
conditions), varying from saturated and poorly drained to
well-drained and potentially dry areas. While these
conditions may be expected to influence species
distribution, the impacts of local hydrological conditions
on tree diversity and composition remain poorly understood
at the whole Amazon basin scale. Using a dataset of 443 1-ha
non-flooded forest plots distributed across the basin, we
investigate how local hydrological conditions influence 1)
tree alpha diversity, 2) the community-weighted wood density
mean (CWM-wd) – a proxy for hydraulic resistance and 3)
tree species composition. We find that the effect of local
hydrological conditions on tree diversity depends on
climate, being more evident in wetter forests, where
diversity increases towards locations with well-drained
soils. CWM-wd increased towards better drained soils in
Southern and Western Amazonia. Tree species composition
changed along local soil hydrological gradients in
Central-Eastern, Western and Southern Amazonia, and those
changes were correlated with changes in the mean wood
density of plots. Our results suggest that local
hydrological gradients filter species, influencing the
diversity and composition of Amazonian forests. Overall,
this study shows that the effect of local hydrological
conditions is pervasive, extending over wide Amazonian
regions, and reinforces the importance of accounting for
local topography and hydrology to better understand the
likely response and resilience of forests to increased
frequency of extreme climate events and rising
temperatures.},
Doi = {10.1111/ecog.06125},
Key = {fds366699}
}
@article{fds363735,
Author = {Sousa, TR and Schietti, J and Ribeiro, IO and Emílio, T and Fernández,
RH and ter Steege, H and Castilho, CV and Esquivel-Muelbert, A and Baker, T and Pontes-Lopes, A and Silva, CVJ and Silveira, JM and Derroire, G and Castro, W and Mendoza, AM and Ruschel, A and Prieto, A and Lima, AJN and Rudas, A and Araujo-Murakami, A and Gutierrez, AP and Andrade, A and Roopsind, A and Manzatto, AG and Di Fiore and A and Torres-Lezama, A and Dourdain, A and Marimon, B and Marimon, BH and Burban, B and van Ulft, B and Herault, B and Quesada, C and Mendoza, C and Stahl, C and Bonal, D and Galbraith, D and Neill, D and de Oliveira, EA and Hase, E and Jimenez-Rojas, E and Vilanova, E and Arets, E and Berenguer,
E and Alvarez-Davila, E and Honorio Coronado and EN and Almeida, E and Coelho, F and Valverde, FC and Elias, F and Brown, F and Bongers, F and Arevalo, FR and Lopez-Gonzalez, G and van der Heijden, G and Aymard
C., GA and Llampazo, GF and Pardo, G and Ramírez-Angulo, H and do
Amaral, IL and Vieira, ICG and Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I and Comiskey,
JA and Singh, J and Espejo, JS and del Aguila-Pasquel, J and Zwerts, JA and Talbot, J and Terborgh, J and Ferreira, J and Barroso, JG and Barlow, J and Camargo, JL and Stropp, J and Peacock, J and Serrano, J and Melgaço, K and Ferreira, LV and Blanc, L and Poorter, L and Gamarra, LV and Aragão, L and Arroyo, L and Silveira, M and Peñuela-Mora, MC and Vargas, MPN and Toledo, M and Disney, M and Réjou-Méchain, M and Baisie, M and Kalamandeen, M and Camacho, NP and Cardozo, ND and Silva, N and Pitman,
N and Higuchi, N and Banki, O and Loayza, PA and Graça, PMLA and Morandi,
PS},
Title = {Water table depth modulates productivity and biomass across
Amazonian forests},
Journal = {Global Ecology and Biogeography},
Volume = {31},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1571-1588},
Year = {2022},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geb.13531},
Abstract = {Aim: Water availability is the major driver of tropical
forest structure and dynamics. Most research has focused on
the impacts of climatic water availability, whereas
remarkably little is known about the influence of water
table depth and excess soil water on forest processes.
Nevertheless, given that plants take up water from the soil,
the impacts of climatic water supply on plants are likely to
be modulated by soil water conditions. Location: Lowland
Amazonian forests. Time period: 1971–2019. Methods: We
used 344 long-term inventory plots distributed across
Amazonia to analyse the effects of long-term climatic and
edaphic water supply on forest functioning. We modelled
forest structure and dynamics as a function of climatic,
soil-water and edaphic properties. Results: Water supplied
by both precipitation and groundwater affects forest
structure and dynamics, but in different ways. Forests with
a shallow water table (depth <5 m) had 18% less above-ground
woody productivity and 23% less biomass stock than forests
with a deep water table. Forests in drier climates (maximum
cumulative water deficit < −160 mm) had 21% less
productivity and 24% less biomass than those in wetter
climates. Productivity was affected by the interaction
between climatic water deficit and water table depth. On
average, in drier climates the forests with a shallow water
table had lower productivity than those with a deep water
table, with this difference decreasing within wet climates,
where lower productivity was confined to a very shallow
water table. Main conclusions: We show that the two extremes
of water availability (excess and deficit) both reduce
productivity in Amazon upland (terra-firme) forests. Biomass
and productivity across Amazonia respond not simply to
regional climate, but rather to its interaction with water
table conditions, exhibiting high local differentiation. Our
study disentangles the relative contribution of those
factors, helping to improve understanding of the functioning
of tropical ecosystems and how they are likely to respond to
climate change.},
Doi = {10.1111/geb.13531},
Key = {fds363735}
}
@article{fds365892,
Author = {Whitworth, A and Beirne, C and Basto, A and Flatt, E and Tobler, M and Powell, G and Terborgh, J and Forsyth, A},
Title = {Disappearance of an ecosystem engineer, the white-lipped
peccary (Tayassu pecari), leads to density compensation and
ecological release.},
Journal = {Oecologia},
Volume = {199},
Number = {4},
Pages = {937-949},
Year = {2022},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-022-05233-5},
Abstract = {Given the rate of biodiversity loss, there is an urgent need
to understand community-level responses to extirpation
events, with two prevailing hypotheses. On one hand, the
loss of an apex predator leads to an increase in primary
prey species, triggering a trophic cascade of other changes
within the community, while density compensation and
ecological release can occur because of reduced competition
for resources and absence of direct aggression. White-lipped
peccary (Tayassu pecari-WLP), a species that typically
co-occurs with collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), undergo
major population crashes-often taking 20 to 30-years for
populations to recover. Using a temporally replicated camera
trapping dataset, in both a pre- and post- WLP crash, we
explore how WLP disappearance alters the structure of a
Neotropical vertebrate community with findings indicative of
density compensation. White-lipped peccary were the most
frequently detected terrestrial mammal in the 2006-2007
pre-population crash period but were undetected during the
2019 post-crash survey. Panthera onca (jaguar) camera trap
encounter rates declined by 63% following the WLP crash,
while collared peccary, puma (Puma concolor), red-brocket
deer (Mazama americana) and short-eared dog (Atelocynus
microtis) all displayed greater encounter rates (490%, 150%,
280%, and 500% respectively), and increased in
rank-abundance. Absence of WLP was correlated with
ecological release changes in habitat-use for six species,
with the greatest increase in use in the preferred
floodplain habitat of the WLP. Surprisingly,
community-weighted mean trait distributions (body size,
feeding guild and nocturnality) did not change, suggesting
functional redundancy in diverse tropical mammal
assemblages.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00442-022-05233-5},
Key = {fds365892}
}
@article{fds362996,
Author = {Steur, G and Ter Steege and H and Verburg, RW and Sabatier, D and Molino,
J-F and Bánki, OS and Castellanos, H and Stropp, J and Fonty, É and Ruysschaert, S and Galbraith, D and Kalamandeen, M and van Andel, TR and Brienen, R and Phillips, OL and Feeley, KJ and Terborgh, J and Verweij,
PA},
Title = {Relationships between species richness and ecosystem
services in Amazonian forests strongly influenced by
biogeographical strata and forest types.},
Journal = {Scientific Reports},
Volume = {12},
Number = {1},
Pages = {5960},
Year = {2022},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09786-6},
Abstract = {Despite increasing attention for relationships between
species richness and ecosystem services, for tropical
forests such relationships are still under discussion.
Contradicting relationships have been reported concerning
carbon stock, while little is known about relationships
concerning timber stock and the abundance of non-timber
forest product producing plant species (NTFP abundance).
Using 151 1-ha plots, we related tree and arborescent palm
species richness to carbon stock, timber stock and NTFP
abundance across the Guiana Shield, and using 283 1-ha
plots, to carbon stock across all of Amazonia. We analysed
how environmental heterogeneity influenced these
relationships, assessing differences across and within
multiple forest types, biogeographic regions and subregions.
Species richness showed significant relationships with all
three ecosystem services, but relationships differed between
forest types and among biogeographical strata. We found that
species richness was positively associated to carbon stock
in all biogeographical strata. This association became
obscured by variation across biogeographical regions at the
scale of Amazonia, resembling a Simpson's paradox. By
contrast, species richness was weakly or not significantly
related to timber stock and NTFP abundance, suggesting that
species richness is not a good predictor for these ecosystem
services. Our findings illustrate the importance of
environmental stratification in analysing
biodiversity-ecosystem services relationships.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-022-09786-6},
Key = {fds362996}
}
@article{fds363075,
Title = {Correction for Cazzolla Gatti et al., The number of tree
species on Earth.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {119},
Number = {13},
Pages = {e2202784119},
Year = {2022},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2202784119},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2202784119},
Key = {fds363075}
}
@article{fds362307,
Author = {Cazzolla Gatti and R and Reich, PB and Gamarra, JGP and Crowther, T and Hui, C and Morera, A and Bastin, J-F and de-Miguel, S and Nabuurs, G-J and Svenning, J-C and Serra-Diaz, JM and Merow, C and Enquist, B and Kamenetsky, M and Lee, J and Zhu, J and Fang, J and Jacobs, DF and Pijanowski, B and Banerjee, A and Giaquinto, RA and Alberti, G and Almeyda Zambrano and AM and Alvarez-Davila, E and Araujo-Murakami, A and Avitabile, V and Aymard, GA and Balazy, R and Baraloto, C and Barroso,
JG and Bastian, ML and Birnbaum, P and Bitariho, R and Bogaert, J and Bongers, F and Bouriaud, O and Brancalion, PHS and Brearley, FQ and Broadbent, EN and Bussotti, F and Castro da Silva and W and César, RG and Češljar, G and Chama Moscoso and V and Chen, HYH and Cienciala, E and Clark, CJ and Coomes, DA and Dayanandan, S and Decuyper, M and Dee, LE and Del Aguila Pasquel and J and Derroire, G and Djuikouo, MNK and Van Do,
T and Dolezal, J and Đorđević, IĐ and Engel, J and Fayle, TM and Feldpausch, TR and Fridman, JK and Harris, DJ and Hemp, A and Hengeveld,
G and Herault, B and Herold, M and Ibanez, T and Jagodzinski, AM and Jaroszewicz, B and Jeffery, KJ and Johannsen, VK and Jucker, T and Kangur, A and Karminov, VN and Kartawinata, K and Kennard, DK and Kepfer-Rojas, S and Keppel, G and Khan, ML and Khare, PK and Kileen, TJ and Kim, HS and Korjus, H and Kumar, A and Kumar, A and Laarmann, D and Labrière, N and Lang, M and Lewis, SL and Lukina, N and Maitner, BS and Malhi, Y and Marshall, AR and Martynenko, OV and Monteagudo Mendoza,
AL and Ontikov, PV and Ortiz-Malavasi, E and Pallqui Camacho and NC and Paquette, A and Park, M and Parthasarathy, N and Peri, PL and Petronelli, P and Pfautsch, S and Phillips, OL and Picard, N and Piotto,
D and Poorter, L and Poulsen, JR and Pretzsch, H and Ramírez-Angulo, H and Restrepo Correa and Z and Rodeghiero, M and Rojas Gonzáles and RDP and Rolim, SG and Rovero, F and Rutishauser, E and Saikia, P and Salas-Eljatib, C and Schepaschenko, D and Scherer-Lorenzen, M and Šebeň, V and Silveira, M and Slik, F and Sonké, B and Souza, AF and Stereńczak, KJ and Svoboda, M and Taedoumg, H and Tchebakova, N and Terborgh, J and Tikhonova, E and Torres-Lezama, A and van der Plas,
F and Vásquez, R and Viana, H and Vibrans, AC and Vilanova, E and Vos, VA and Wang, H-F and Westerlund, B and White, LJT and Wiser, SK and Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T and Zemagho, L and Zhu, Z-X and Zo-Bi, IC and Liang, J},
Title = {The number of tree species on Earth.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {119},
Number = {6},
Pages = {e2115329119},
Year = {2022},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115329119},
Abstract = {One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many
species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive
logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic
difficulties connected to the species concept definition,
the global numbers of species, including those of important
and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain
largely unknown. Here, based on global ground-sourced data,
we estimate the total tree species richness at global,
continental, and biome levels. Our results indicate that
there are ∼73,000 tree species globally, among which
∼9,000 tree species are yet to be discovered. Roughly 40%
of undiscovered tree species are in South America. Moreover,
almost one-third of all tree species to be discovered may be
rare, with very low populations and limited spatial
distribution (likely in remote tropical lowlands and
mountains). These findings highlight the vulnerability of
global forest biodiversity to anthropogenic changes in land
use and climate, which disproportionately threaten rare
species and thus, global tree richness.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2115329119},
Key = {fds362307}
}
@article{fds357431,
Author = {Forest, PN and Blundo, C and Carilla, J and Grau, R and Malizia, A and Malizia, L and Osinaga-Acosta, O and Bird, M and Bradford, M and Catchpole, D and Ford, A and Graham, A and Hilbert, D and Kemp, J and Laurance, S and Laurance, W and Ishida, FY and Marshall, A and Waite, C and Woell, H and Bastin, JF and Bauters, M and Beeckman, H and Boeckx, P and Bogaert, J and De Canniere and C and de Haulleville, T and Doucet, JL and Hardy, O and Hubau, W and Kearsley, E and Verbeeck, H and Vleminckx, J and Brewer, SW and Alarcón, A and Araujo-Murakami, A and Arets, E and Arroyo, L and Chavez, E and Fredericksen, T and Villaroel, RG and Sibauty, GG and Killeen, T and Licona, JC and Lleigue, J and Mendoza, C and Murakami, S and Gutierrez, AP and Pardo, G and Peña-Claros, M and Poorter, L and Toledo, M and Cayo, JV and Viscarra, LJ and Vos, V and Ahumada, J and Almeida, E and Almeida, J and de Oliveira, EA and da
Cruz, WA and de Oliveira, AA and Carvalho, FA and Obermuller, FA and Andrade, A and Vieira, SA and Aquino, AC and Aragão, L and Araújo, AC and Assis, MA and Gomes, JAMA and Baccaro, F and de Camargo, PB and Barni,
P and Barroso, J and Bernacci, LC and Bordin, K and de Medeiros, MB and Broggio, I and Camargo, JL and Cardoso, D and Carniello, MA and Rochelle, ALC and Castilho, C and Castro, AAJF and Castro, W and Ribeiro, SC and Costa, F and de Oliveira, RC and Coutinho, I and Cunha,
J and da Costa, L and da Costa Ferreira and L and da Costa Silva and R and da
Graça Zacarias Simbine and M and de Andrade Kamimura and V and de Lima,
HC and de Oliveira Melo and L and de Queiroz, L and de Sousa Lima,
JR},
Title = {Taking the pulse of Earth's tropical forests using networks
of highly distributed plots},
Journal = {Biological Conservation},
Volume = {260},
Year = {2021},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108849},
Abstract = {Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive
ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these
forests is critical for our collective future, until quite
recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been
largely disconnected. Networking is essential to discover
the answers to questions that transcend borders and the
horizons of funding agencies. Here we show how a global
community is responding to the challenges of tropical
ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests
tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots. We review the
major scientific discoveries of this work and show how this
process is changing tropical forest science. Our core
approach involves linking long-term grassroots initiatives
with standardized protocols and data management to generate
robust scaled-up results. By connecting tropical researchers
and elevating their status, our Social Research Network
model recognises the key role of the data originator in
scientific discovery. Conceived in 1999 with RAINFOR (South
America), our permanent plot networks have been adapted to
Africa (AfriTRON) and Southeast Asia (T-FORCES) and widely
emulated worldwide. Now these multiple initiatives are
integrated via ForestPlots.net cyber-infrastructure, linking
colleagues from 54 countries across 24 plot networks.
Collectively these are transforming understanding of
tropical forests and their biospheric role. Together we have
discovered how, where and why forest carbon and biodiversity
are responding to climate change, and how they feedback on
it. This long-term pan-tropical collaboration has revealed a
large long-term carbon sink and its trends, as well as
making clear which drivers are most important, which forest
processes are affected, where they are changing, what the
lags are, and the likely future responses of tropical
forests as the climate continues to change. By leveraging a
remarkably old technology, plot networks are sparking a very
modern revolution in tropical forest science. In the future,
humanity can benefit greatly by nurturing the grassroots
communities now collectively capable of generating unique,
long-term understanding of Earth's most precious forests.
Resumen: Los bosques tropicales son los ecosistemas más
diversos y productivos del mundo y entender su
funcionamiento es crítico para nuestro futuro colectivo.
Sin embargo, hasta hace muy poco, los esfuerzos para
medirlos y monitorearlos han estado muy desconectados. El
trabajo en redes es esencial para descubrir las respuestas a
preguntas que trascienden las fronteras y los plazos de las
agencias de financiamiento. Aquí mostramos cómo una
comunidad global está respondiendo a los desafíos de la
investigación en ecosistemas tropicales a través de
diversos equipos realizando mediciones árbol por árbol en
miles de parcelas permanentes de largo plazo. Revisamos los
descubrimientos más importantes de este trabajo y
discutimos cómo este proceso está cambiando la ciencia
relacionada a los bosques tropicales. El enfoque central de
nuestro esfuerzo implica la conexión de iniciativas locales
de largo plazo con protocolos estandarizados y manejo de
datos para producir resultados que se puedan trasladar a
múltiples escalas. Conectando investigadores tropicales,
elevando su posición y estatus, nuestro modelo de Red
Social de Investigación reconoce el rol fundamental que
tienen, para el descubrimiento científico, quienes generan
o producen los datos. Concebida en 1999 con RAINFOR
(Suramérica), nuestras redes de parcelas permanentes han
sido adaptadas en África (AfriTRON) y el sureste asiático
(T-FORCES) y ampliamente replicadas en el mundo. Actualmente
todas estas iniciativas están integradas a través de la
ciber-infraestructura de ForestPlots.net, conectando colegas
de 54 países en 24 redes diferentes de parcelas.
Colectivamente, estas redes están transformando nuestro
conocimiento sobre los bosques tropicales y el rol de éstos
en la biósfera. Juntos hemos descubierto cómo, dónde y
porqué el carbono y la biodiversidad de los bosques
tropicales está respondiendo al cambio climático y cómo
se retroalimentan. Esta colaboración pan-tropical de largo
plazo ha expuesto un gran sumidero de carbono y sus
tendencias, mostrando claramente cuáles son los factores
más importantes, qué procesos se ven afectados, dónde
ocurren los cambios, los tiempos de reacción y las
probables respuestas futuras mientras el clima continúa
cambiando. Apalancando lo que realmente es una tecnología
antigua, las redes de parcelas están generando una
verdadera y moderna revolución en la ciencia tropical. En
el futuro, la humanidad puede beneficiarse enormemente si se
nutren y cultivan comunidades de investigadores de base,
actualmente con la capacidad de generar información única
y de largo plazo para entender los que probablemente son los
bosques más preciados de la tierra. Resumo: Florestas
tropicais são os ecossistemas mais diversos e produtivos da
Terra. Embora uma boa compreensão destas florestas seja
crucial para o nosso futuro coletivo, até muito
recentemente os esforços de medições e monitoramento tem
sido amplamente desconexos. É essencial formarmos redes
para obtermos respostas que transcendam as fronteiras e
horizontes das agências financiadoras. Neste estudo nós
mostramos como uma comunidade global está respondendo aos
desafios da pesquisa de ecossistemas tropicais, com equipes
diversas medindo florestas, árvore por árvore, em milhares
de parcelas monitoradas a longo prazo. Nós revisamos as
maiores descobertas científicas deste esforço global, e
mostramos também como este processo vem mudando a ciência
de florestas tropicais. Nossa abordagem principal envolve
unir iniciativas de base a protocolos padronizados e
gerenciamento de dados a fim de gerar resultados robustos em
grandes escalas. Ao conectar pesquisadores tropicais e
elevar seus status, nosso modelo de Rede de Pesquisa Social
reconhece o papel chave do produtor dos dados na descoberta
científica. Concebida em 1999 com o RAINFOR (América do
Sul), nossa rede de parcelas permanentes foi adaptada para
África (AfriTRON) e Sudeste Asiático (T-FORCES), e tem
sido extensamente reproduzida em todo o mundo. Agora estas
múltiplas iniciativas estão integradas através da
infraestrutura cibernética do ForestPlots.net, conectando
colegas de 54 países e 24 redes de parcelas. Estas
iniciativas estão transformando coletivamente o
entendimento das florestas tropicais e seus papéis na
biosfera. Juntos nós descobrimos como, onde e por que o
carbono e a biodiversidade da floresta estão respondendo
às mudanças climáticas, e seus efeitos de
retroalimentação. Esta duradoura colaboração pantropical
revelou um grande sumidouro de carbono persistente e suas
tendências, assim como tem evidenciado quais os fatores que
influenciam essas tendências, quais processos florestais
são mais afetados, onde eles estão mudando, seus atrasos
no tempo de resposta, e as prováveis respostas das
florestas tropicais conforme o clima continua a mudar. Dessa
forma, aproveitando uma notável tecnologia antiga, redes de
parcelas acendem as faíscas de uma moderna revolução na
ciência das florestas tropicais. No futuro a humanidade
pode se beneficiar incentivando estas comunidades locais que
agora são coletivamente capazes de gerar conhecimentos
únicos e duradouros sobre as florestas mais preciosas da
Terra. Résume: Les forêts tropicales sont les
écosystèmes les plus diversifiés et les plus productifs
de la planète. Si une meilleure compréhension de ces
forêts est essentielle pour notre avenir collectif,
jusqu'à tout récemment, les efforts déployés pour les
mesurer et les surveiller ont été largement déconnectés.
La mise en réseau est essentielle pour découvrir les
réponses à des questions qui dépassent les frontières et
les horizons des organismes de financement. Nous montrons
ici comment une communauté mondiale relève les défis de
la recherche sur les écosystèmes tropicaux avec diverses
équipes qui mesurent les forêts arbre après arbre dans de
milliers de parcelles permanentes. Nous passons en revue les
principales découvertes scientifiques de ces travaux et
montrons comment ce processus modifie la science des forêts
tropicales. Notre approche principale consiste à relier les
initiatives de base à long terme à des protocoles
standardisés et une gestion de données afin de générer
des résultats solides à grande échelle. En reliant les
chercheurs tropicaux et en élevant leur statut, notre
modèle de réseau de recherche sociale reconnaît le rôle
clé de l'auteur des données dans la découverte
scientifique. Conçus en 1999 avec RAINFOR (Amérique du
Sud), nos réseaux de parcelles permanentes ont été
adaptés à l'Afrique (AfriTRON) et à l'Asie du Sud-Est
(T-FORCES) et largement imités dans le monde entier. Ces
multiples initiatives sont désormais intégrées via
l'infrastructure ForestPlots.net, qui relie des collègues
de 54 pays à travers 24 réseaux de parcelles. Ensemble,
elles transforment la compréhension des forêts tropicales
et de leur rôle biosphérique. Ensemble, nous avons
découvert comment, où et pourquoi le carbone forestier et
la biodiversité réagissent au changement climatique, et
comment ils y réagissent. Cette collaboration pan-tropicale
à long terme a révélé un important puits de carbone à
long terme et ses tendances, tout en mettant en évidence
les facteurs les plus importants, les processus forestiers
qui sont affectés, les endroits où ils changent, les
décalages et les réactions futures probables des forêts
tropicales à mesure que le climat continue de changer. En
tirant parti d'une technologie remarquablement ancienne, les
réseaux de parcelles déclenchent une révolution très
moderne dans la science des forêts tropicales. À l'avenir,
l'humanité pourra grandement bénéficier du soutien des
communautés de base qui sont maintenant collectivement
capables de générer une compréhension unique et à long
terme des forêts les plus précieuses de la Terre. Abstrak:
Hutan tropika adalah di antara ekosistem yang paling
produktif dan mempunyai kepelbagaian biodiversiti yang
tinggi di seluruh dunia. Walaupun pemahaman mengenai hutan
tropika amat penting untuk masa depan kita, usaha-usaha
untuk mengkaji dan mengawas hutah-hutan tersebut baru
sekarang menjadi lebih diperhubungkan. Perangkaian adalah
sangat penting untuk mencari jawapan kepada soalan-soalan
yang menjangkaui sempadan dan batasan agensi pendanaan. Di
sini kami menunjukkan bagaimana sebuah komuniti global
bertindak balas terhadap cabaran penyelidikan ekosistem
tropika melalui penglibatan pelbagai kumpulan yang mengukur
hutan secara pokok demi pokok dalam beribu-ribu plot jangka
panjang. Kami meninjau semula penemuan saintifik utama
daripada kerja ini dan menunjukkan bagaimana proses ini
sedang mengubah bidang sains hutan tropika. Teras pendekatan
kami memberi tumpuan terhadap penghubungan inisiatif akar
umbi jangka panjang dengan protokol standar serta pengurusan
data untuk mendapatkan hasil skala besar yang kukuh. Dengan
menghubungkan penyelidik-penyelidik tropika dan meningkatkan
status mereka, model Rangkaian Penyelidikan Sosial kami
mengiktiraf kepentingan peranan pengasas data dalam penemuan
saintifik. Bermula dengan pengasasan RAINFOR (Amerika
Selatan) pada tahun 1999, rangkaian-rangkaian plot kekal
kami kemudian disesuaikan untuk Afrika (AfriTRON) dan Asia
Tenggara (T-FORCES) dan selanjutnya telah banyak dicontohi
di seluruh dunia. Kini, inisiatif-inisiatif tersebut
disepadukan melalui infrastruktur siber ForestPlots.net yang
menghubungkan rakan sekerja dari 54 negara di 24 buah
rangkaian plot. Secara kolektif, rangkaian ini sedang
mengubah pemahaman tentang hutan tropika dan peranannya
dalam biosfera. Kami telah bekerjasama untuk menemukan
bagaimana, di mana dan mengapa karbon serta biodiversiti
hutan bertindak balas terhadap perubahan iklim dan juga
bagaimana mereka saling bermaklum balas. Kolaborasi
pan-tropika jangka panjang ini telah mendedahkan sebuah
sinki karbon jangka panjang serta arah alirannya dan juga
menjelaskan pemandu-pemandu perubahan yang terpenting, di
mana dan bagaimana proses hutan terjejas, masa susul yang
ada dan kemungkinan tindakbalas hutan tropika pada perubahan
iklim secara berterusan di masa depan. Dengan memanfaatkan
pendekatan lama, rangkaian plot sedang menyalakan revolusi
yang amat moden dalam sains hutan tropika. Pada masa akan
datang, manusia sejagat akan banyak mendapat manfaat jika
memupuk komuniti-komuniti akar umbi yang kini berkemampuan
secara kolektif menghasilkan pemahaman unik dan jangka
panjang mengenai hutan-hutan yang paling berharga di
dunia.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108849},
Key = {fds357431}
}
@article{fds355832,
Author = {Draper, FC and Costa, FRC and Arellano, G and Phillips, OL and Duque, A and Macía, MJ and Ter Steege and H and Asner, GP and Berenguer, E and Schietti, J and Socolar, JB and de Souza, FC and Dexter, KG and Jørgensen, PM and Tello, JS and Magnusson, WE and Baker, TR and Castilho, CV and Monteagudo-Mendoza, A and Fine, PVA and Ruokolainen,
K and Coronado, ENH and Aymard, G and Dávila, N and Sáenz, MS and Paredes, MAR and Engel, J and Fortunel, C and Paine, CET and Goret, J-Y and Dourdain, A and Petronelli, P and Allie, E and Andino, JEG and Brienen,
RJW and Pérez, LC and Manzatto, ÂG and Zambrana, NYP and Molino, J-F and Sabatier, D and Chave, J and Fauset, S and Villacorta, RG and Réjou-Méchain, M and Berry, PE and Melgaço, K and Feldpausch, TR and Sandoval, EV and Martinez, RV and Mesones, I and Junqueira, AB and Roucoux, KH and de Toledo, JJ and Andrade, AC and Camargo, JL and Del
Aguila Pasquel and J and Santana, FD and Laurance, WF and Laurance, SG and Lovejoy, TE and Comiskey, JA and Galbraith, DR and Kalamandeen, M and Aguilar, GEN and Arenas, JV and Guerra, CAA and Flores, M and Llampazo,
GF and Montenegro, LAT and Gomez, RZ and Pansonato, MP and Moscoso, VC and Vleminckx, J and Barrantes, OJV and Duivenvoorden, JF and de Sousa,
SA and Arroyo, L and Perdiz, RO and Cravo, JS and Marimon, BS and Junior,
BHM and Carvalho, FA and Damasco, G and Disney, M and Vital, MS and Diaz,
PRS and Vicentini, A and Nascimento, H and Higuchi, N and Van Andel and T and Malhi, Y and Ribeiro, SC and Terborgh, JW and Thomas, RS and Dallmeier,
F and Prieto, A and Hilário, RR and Salomão, RP and Silva, RDC and Casas,
LF and Vieira, ICG and Araujo-Murakami, A and Arevalo, FR and Ramírez-Angulo, H and Torre, EV and Peñuela, MC and Killeen, TJ and Pardo, G and Jimenez-Rojas, E and Castro, W and Cabrera, DG and Pipoly,
J and de Sousa, TR and Silvera, M and Vos, V and Neill, D and Vargas, PN and Vela, DM and Aragão, LEOC and Umetsu, RK and Sierra, R and Wang, O and Young, KR and Prestes, NCCS and Massi, KG and Huaymacari, JR and Gutierrez, GAP and Aldana, AM and Alexiades, MN and Baccaro, F and Céron, C and Muelbert, AE and Rios, JMG and Lima, AS and Lloyd, JL and Pitman, NCA and Gamarra, LV and Oroche, CJC and Fuentes, AF and Palacios, W and Patiño, S and Torres-Lezama, A and Baraloto,
C},
Title = {Amazon tree dominance across forest strata.},
Journal = {Nature Ecology and Evolution},
Volume = {5},
Number = {6},
Pages = {757-767},
Year = {2021},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-021-01418-y},
Abstract = {The forests of Amazonia are among the most biodiverse plant
communities on Earth. Given the immediate threats posed by
climate and land-use change, an improved understanding of
how this extraordinary biodiversity is spatially organized
is urgently required to develop effective conservation
strategies. Most Amazonian tree species are extremely rare
but a few are common across the region. Indeed, just 227
'hyperdominant' species account for >50% of all individuals
>10 cm diameter at 1.3 m in height. Yet, the degree to
which the phenomenon of hyperdominance is sensitive to tree
size, the extent to which the composition of dominant
species changes with size class and how evolutionary history
constrains tree hyperdominance, all remain unknown. Here, we
use a large floristic dataset to show that, while
hyperdominance is a universal phenomenon across forest
strata, different species dominate the forest understory,
midstory and canopy. We further find that, although species
belonging to a range of phylogenetically dispersed lineages
have become hyperdominant in small size classes,
hyperdominants in large size classes are restricted to a few
lineages. Our results demonstrate that it is essential to
consider all forest strata to understand regional patterns
of dominance and composition in Amazonia. More generally,
through the lens of 654 hyperdominant species, we outline a
tractable pathway for understanding the functioning of half
of Amazonian forests across vertical strata and geographical
locations.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41559-021-01418-y},
Key = {fds355832}
}
@article{fds353067,
Author = {Terborgh, J and Davenport, L},
Title = {Mobile piscivores and the nature of top-down forcing in
Upper Amazonian floodplain lakes},
Journal = {Hydrobiologia},
Volume = {848},
Number = {2},
Pages = {431-443},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04451-3},
Abstract = {Shallow lakes can change states in response to manipulations
of top predators. In most reported experiments, the top
piscivore has been a fish. However, low-latitude lakes
typically support non-piscine piscivores, including mammals,
birds, and reptiles. The roles of these groups have been
little investigated, and whether they are more important as
piscivores than fish remains unknown. We report both a
longitudinal (2001–2018) and a cross-sectional (2012)
study of the bird, caiman, and giant otter populations of
floodplain lakes in Perú’s Manu National Park. We compare
the three groups, after removing the effects of taxonomic
status and body mass, using allometric equations to estimate
the field metabolic rate (FMR) for each group in each lake.
Giant otters emerge as the dominant piscivore in lakes that
support a resident family, with an energy requirement more
than twice that of piscivorous birds and more than seven
times that of caiman. However, giant otters were resident in
only eight of 27 surveyed lakes. Indirect evidence suggests
that these eight lakes are more productive than lakes not
occupied by otters. The fact that lakes occupied by otters
are dominated by phytoplankton suggests an underlying
five-tiered trophic structure in keeping with the prominence
of alternating levels in the structure of food
webs.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10750-020-04451-3},
Key = {fds353067}
}
@article{fds354599,
Author = {Esquivel-Muelbert, A and Phillips, OL and Brienen, RJW and Fauset, S and Sullivan, MJP and Baker, TR and Chao, K-J and Feldpausch, TR and Gloor,
E and Higuchi, N and Houwing-Duistermaat, J and Lloyd, J and Liu, H and Malhi, Y and Marimon, B and Marimon Junior and BH and Monteagudo-Mendoza, A and Poorter, L and Silveira, M and Torre, EV and Dávila, EA and Del Aguila Pasquel and J and Almeida, E and Loayza, PA and Andrade, A and Aragão, LEOC and Araujo-Murakami, A and Arets, E and Arroyo, L and Aymard C and GA and Baisie, M and Baraloto, C and Camargo,
PB and Barroso, J and Blanc, L and Bonal, D and Bongers, F and Boot, R and Brown, F and Burban, B and Camargo, JL and Castro, W and Moscoso, VC and Chave, J and Comiskey, J and Valverde, FC and da Costa, AL and Cardozo,
ND and Di Fiore and A and Dourdain, A and Erwin, T and Llampazo, GF and Vieira, ICG and Herrera, R and Honorio Coronado and E and Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I and Jimenez-Rojas, E and Killeen, T and Laurance, S and Laurance, W and Levesley, A and Lewis, SL and Ladvocat,
KLLM and Lopez-Gonzalez, G and Lovejoy, T and Meir, P and Mendoza, C and Morandi, P and Neill, D and Nogueira Lima and AJ and Vargas, PN and de
Oliveira, EA and Camacho, NP and Pardo, G and Peacock, J and Peña-Claros, M and Peñuela-Mora, MC and Pickavance, G and Pipoly,
J and Pitman, N and Prieto, A and Pugh, TAM and Quesada, C and Ramirez-Angulo, H and de Almeida Reis and SM and Rejou-Machain, M and Correa, ZR and Bayona, LR and Rudas, A and Salomão, R and Serrano, J and Espejo, JS and Silva, N and Singh, J and Stahl, C and Stropp, J and Swamy,
V and Talbot, J and Ter Steege and H and Terborgh, J and Thomas, R and Toledo,
M and Torres-Lezama, A and Gamarra, LV and van der Heijden, G and van
der Meer, P and van der Hout, P and Martinez, RV and Vieira, SA and Cayo, JV and Vos, V and Zagt, R and Zuidema, P and Galbraith,
D},
Title = {Author Correction: Tree mode of death and mortality risk
factors across Amazon forests.},
Journal = {Nature Communications},
Volume = {12},
Number = {1},
Pages = {209},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20537-x},
Abstract = {© 2021, The Author(s). The original version of this Article
contained an error in Table 2, where the number of
individuals in the “All Amazonia” row was reported as
11,6431 instead of 116,431. Also, the original version of
this Article contained an error in the Methods, where the R2
for the proportion of broken/uprooted dead trees increase
per year was reported as 0.12, the correct value being 0.06.
The original version of this Article contained errors in the
author affiliations. The affiliation of Gerardo A. Aymard C.
with UNELLEZGuanare, Herbario Universitario (PORT),
Portuguesa, Venezuela Compensation International Progress
S.A. Ciprogress–Greenlife.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-20537-x},
Key = {fds354599}
}
@article{fds355003,
Author = {Terborgh, J},
Title = {At 50, Janzen-Connell has come of age},
Journal = {Bioscience},
Volume = {70},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1082-1092},
Year = {2020},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biaa110},
Abstract = {Fifty years ago, Janzen (1970) and Connell (1971)
independently published a revolutionary idea to explain the
hyperdiverse tree communities of the tropics. The essential
observations were that seedfall is concentrated in the
vicinity of fruiting trees, whereas saplings recruit at a
distance from reproductive conspecifics. These observations
were encapsulated in a simple focal-tree model constructed
of intersecting curves for seedfall and escape from
host-specific enemies postulated to attack propagules (seeds
and seedlings) in the vicinity of reproductive conspecifics.
In conflict with the thinking of the times, the mechanism
operates from the top down rather than from the bottom up. A
deterrent to broad acceptance has been the giant intuitive
leap required to generalize the focal tree model to an
entire forest community. Recent theoretical and empirical
results have succeeded in bridging the gap between the focal
tree model and its community-level implications. With these
new findings, Janzen-Connell has come of
age.},
Doi = {10.1093/biosci/biaa110},
Key = {fds355003}
}
@article{fds353332,
Author = {Esquivel-Muelbert, A and Phillips, OL and Brienen, RJW and Fauset, S and Sullivan, MJP and Baker, TR and Chao, K-J and Feldpausch, TR and Gloor,
E and Higuchi, N and Houwing-Duistermaat, J and Lloyd, J and Liu, H and Malhi, Y and Marimon, B and Marimon Junior and BH and Monteagudo-Mendoza, A and Poorter, L and Silveira, M and Torre, EV and Dávila, EA and Del Aguila Pasquel and J and Almeida, E and Loayza, PA and Andrade, A and Aragão, LEOC and Araujo-Murakami, A and Arets, E and Arroyo, L and Aymard C and GA and Baisie, M and Baraloto, C and Camargo,
PB and Barroso, J and Blanc, L and Bonal, D and Bongers, F and Boot, R and Brown, F and Burban, B and Camargo, JL and Castro, W and Moscoso, VC and Chave, J and Comiskey, J and Valverde, FC and da Costa, AL and Cardozo,
ND and Di Fiore and A and Dourdain, A and Erwin, T and Llampazo, GF and Vieira, ICG and Herrera, R and Honorio Coronado and E and Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I and Jimenez-Rojas, E and Killeen, T and Laurance, S and Laurance, W and Levesley, A and Lewis, SL and Ladvocat,
KLLM and Lopez-Gonzalez, G and Lovejoy, T and Meir, P and Mendoza, C and Morandi, P and Neill, D and Nogueira Lima and AJ and Vargas, PN and de
Oliveira, EA and Camacho, NP and Pardo, G and Peacock, J and Peña-Claros, M and Peñuela-Mora, MC and Pickavance, G and Pipoly,
J and Pitman, N and Prieto, A and Pugh, TAM and Quesada, C and Ramirez-Angulo, H and de Almeida Reis and SM and Rejou-Machain, M and Correa, ZR and Bayona, LR and Rudas, A and Salomão, R and Serrano, J and Espejo, JS and Silva, N and Singh, J and Stahl, C and Stropp, J and Swamy,
V and Talbot, J and Ter Steege and H and Terborgh, J and Thomas, R and Toledo,
M and Torres-Lezama, A and Gamarra, LV and van der Heijden, G and van
der Meer, P and van der Hout, P and Martinez, RV and Vieira, SA and Cayo, JV and Vos, V and Zagt, R and Zuidema, P and Galbraith,
D},
Title = {Tree mode of death and mortality risk factors across Amazon
forests.},
Journal = {Nature Communications},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1},
Pages = {5515},
Year = {2020},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18996-3},
Abstract = {The carbon sink capacity of tropical forests is
substantially affected by tree mortality. However, the main
drivers of tropical tree death remain largely unknown. Here
we present a pan-Amazonian assessment of how and why trees
die, analysing over 120,000 trees representing > 3800
species from 189 long-term RAINFOR forest plots. While tree
mortality rates vary greatly Amazon-wide, on average trees
are as likely to die standing as they are broken or
uprooted-modes of death with different ecological
consequences. Species-level growth rate is the single most
important predictor of tree death in Amazonia, with
faster-growing species being at higher risk. Within
species, however, the slowest-growing trees are at greatest
risk while the effect of tree size varies across the basin.
In the driest Amazonian region species-level bioclimatic
distributional patterns also predict the risk of death,
suggesting that these forests are experiencing climatic
conditions beyond their adaptative limits. These results
provide not only a holistic pan-Amazonian picture of tree
death but large-scale evidence for the overarching
importance of the growth-survival trade-off in driving
tropical tree mortality.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-18996-3},
Key = {fds353332}
}
@article{fds363076,
Author = {Muscarella, R and Emilio, T and Phillips, OL and Lewis, SL and Slik, F and Baker, WJ and Couvreur, TLP and Eiserhardt, WL and Svenning, JC and Affum-Baffoe, K and Aiba, SI and de Almeida, EC and de Almeida, SS and de Oliveira, EA and Álvarez-Dávila, E and Alves, LF and Alvez-Valles, CM and Carvalho, FA and Guarin, FA and Andrade, A and Aragão, LEOC and Murakami, AA and Arroyo, L and Ashton, PS and Corredor, GAA and Baker, TR and de Camargo, PB and Barlow, J and Bastin,
JF and Bengone, NN and Berenguer, E and Berry, N and Blanc, L and Böhning-Gaese, K and Bonal, D and Bongers, F and Bradford, M and Brambach, F and Brearley, FQ and Brewer, SW and Camargo, JLC and Campbell, DG and Castilho, CV and Castro, W and Catchpole, D and Cerón
Martínez, CE and Chen, S and Chhang, P and Cho, P and Chutipong, W and Clark, C and Collins, M and Comiskey, JA and Medina, MNC and Costa, FRC and Culmsee, H and David-Higuita, H and Davidar, P and del
Aguila-Pasquel, J and Derroire, G and Di Fiore and A and Van Do and T and Doucet, JL and Dourdain, A and Drake, DR and Ensslin, A and Erwin, T and Ewango, CEN and Ewers, RM and Fauset, S and Feldpausch, TR and Ferreira,
J and Ferreira, LV and Fischer, M and Franklin, J and Fredriksson, GM and Gillespie, TW and Gilpin, M and Gonmadje, C and Gunatilleke, AUN and Hakeem, KR and Hall, JS and Hamer, KC and Harris, DJ and Harrison, RD and Hector, A and Hemp, A and Herault, B and Pizango, CGH and Coronado, ENH and Hubau, W and Hussain, MS and Ibrahim, FH and Imai, N and Joly, CA and Joseph, S and Anitha, K and Kartawinata, K and Kassi, J and Killeen,
TJ},
Title = {The global abundance of tree palms},
Journal = {Global Ecology and Biogeography},
Volume = {29},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1495-1514},
Year = {2020},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geb.13123},
Abstract = {Aim: Palms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant
component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem
services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily,
morphologically and physiologically distinct from other
trees, and these differences have important consequences for
ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage)
and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified
global patterns of tree palm relative abundance to help
improve understanding of tropical forests and reduce
uncertainty about these ecosystems under climate change.
Location: Tropical and subtropical moist forests. Time
period: Current. Major taxa studied: Palms (Arecaceae).
Methods: We assembled a pantropical dataset of 2,548 forest
plots (covering 1,191 ha) and quantified tree palm (i.e.,
≥10 cm diameter at breast height) abundance relative to
co-occurring non-palm trees. We compared the relative
abundance of tree palms across biogeographical realms and
tested for associations with palaeoclimate stability,
current climate, edaphic conditions and metrics of forest
structure. Results: On average, the relative abundance of
tree palms was more than five times larger between
Neotropical locations and other biogeographical realms. Tree
palms were absent in most locations outside the Neotropics
but present in >80% of Neotropical locations. The relative
abundance of tree palms was more strongly associated with
local conditions (e.g., higher mean annual precipitation,
lower soil fertility, shallower water table and lower plot
mean wood density) than metrics of long-term climate
stability. Life-form diversity also influenced the patterns;
palm assemblages outside the Neotropics comprise many
non-tree (e.g., climbing) palms. Finally, we show that tree
palms can influence estimates of above-ground biomass, but
the magnitude and direction of the effect require additional
work. Conclusions: Tree palms are not only quintessentially
tropical, but they are also overwhelmingly Neotropical.
Future work to understand the contributions of tree palms to
biomass estimates and carbon cycling will be particularly
crucial in Neotropical forests.},
Doi = {10.1111/geb.13123},
Key = {fds363076}
}
@article{fds350008,
Author = {Rozendaal, DMA and Phillips, OL and Lewis, SL and Affum-Baffoe, K and Alvarez-Davila, E and Andrade, A and Aragão, LEOC and Araujo-Murakami, A and Baker, TR and Bánki, O and Brienen, RJW and Camargo, JLC and Comiskey, JA and Djuikouo Kamdem and MN and Fauset, S and Feldpausch, TR and Killeen, TJ and Laurance, WF and Laurance, SGW and Lovejoy, T and Malhi, Y and Marimon, BS and Marimon Junior and B-H and Marshall, AR and Neill, DA and Núñez Vargas and P and Pitman, NCA and Poorter, L and Reitsma, J and Silveira, M and Sonké, B and Sunderland,
T and Taedoumg, H and Ter Steege and H and Terborgh, JW and Umetsu, RK and van
der Heijden, GMF and Vilanova, E and Vos, V and White, LJT and Willcock,
S and Zemagho, L and Vanderwel, MC},
Title = {Competition influences tree growth, but not mortality,
across environmental gradients in Amazonia and tropical
Africa.},
Journal = {Ecology},
Volume = {101},
Number = {7},
Pages = {e03052},
Year = {2020},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3052},
Abstract = {Competition among trees is an important driver of community
structure and dynamics in tropical forests. Neighboring
trees may impact an individual tree's growth rate and
probability of mortality, but large-scale geographic and
environmental variation in these competitive effects has yet
to be evaluated across the tropical forest biome. We
quantified effects of competition on tree-level basal area
growth and mortality for trees ≥10-cm diameter across 151
~1-ha plots in mature tropical forests in Amazonia and
tropical Africa by developing nonlinear models that
accounted for wood density, tree size, and neighborhood
crowding. Using these models, we assessed how water
availability (i.e., climatic water deficit) and soil
fertility influenced the predicted plot-level strength of
competition (i.e., the extent to which growth is reduced, or
mortality is increased, by competition across all individual
trees). On both continents, tree basal area growth decreased
with wood density and increased with tree size. Growth
decreased with neighborhood crowding, which suggests that
competition is important. Tree mortality decreased with wood
density and generally increased with tree size, but was
apparently unaffected by neighborhood crowding. Across
plots, variation in the plot-level strength of competition
was most strongly related to plot basal area (i.e., the sum
of the basal area of all trees in a plot), with greater
reductions in growth occurring in forests with high basal
area, but in Amazonia, the strength of competition also
varied with plot-level wood density. In Amazonia, the
strength of competition increased with water availability
because of the greater basal area of wetter forests, but was
only weakly related to soil fertility. In Africa,
competition was weakly related to soil fertility and
invariant across the shorter water availability gradient.
Overall, our results suggest that competition influences the
structure and dynamics of tropical forests primarily through
effects on individual tree growth rather than mortality and
that the strength of competition largely depends on
environment-mediated variation in basal area.},
Doi = {10.1002/ecy.3052},
Key = {fds350008}
}
@article{fds350256,
Author = {Ter Steege and H and Prado, PI and Lima, RAFD and Pos, E and de Souza
Coelho, L and de Andrade Lima Filho and D and Salomão, RP and Amaral,
IL and de Almeida Matos and FD and Castilho, CV and Phillips, OL and Guevara, JE and de Jesus Veiga Carim and M and Cárdenas López and D and Magnusson, WE and Wittmann, F and Martins, MP and Sabatier, D and Irume,
MV and da Silva Guimarães, JR and Molino, J-F and Bánki, OS and Piedade, MTF and Pitman, NCA and Ramos, JF and Monteagudo Mendoza and A and Venticinque, EM and Luize, BG and Núñez Vargas and P and Silva, TSF and de Leão Novo and EMM and Reis, NFC and Terborgh, J and Manzatto, AG and Casula, KR and Honorio Coronado and EN and Montero, JC and Duque, A and Costa, FRC and Castaño Arboleda and N and Schöngart, J and Zartman,
CE and Killeen, TJ and Marimon, BS and Marimon-Junior, BH and Vasquez,
R and Mostacedo, B and Demarchi, LO and Feldpausch, TR and Engel, J and Petronelli, P and Baraloto, C and Assis, RL and Castellanos, H and Simon, MF and de Medeiros, MB and Quaresma, A and Laurance, SGW and Rincón, LM and Andrade, A and Sousa, TR and Camargo, JL and Schietti,
J and Laurance, WF and de Queiroz, HL and Nascimento, HEM and Lopes, MA and de Sousa Farias and E and Magalhães, JLL and Brienen, R and Aymard C,
GA and Revilla, JDC and Vieira, ICG and Cintra, BBL and Stevenson, PR and Feitosa, YO and Duivenvoorden, JF and Mogollón, HF and Araujo-Murakami, A and Ferreira, LV and Lozada, JR and Comiskey, JA and de Toledo, JJ and Damasco, G and Dávila, N and Lopes, A and García-Villacorta, R and Draper, F and Vicentini, A and Cornejo
Valverde, F and Lloyd, J and Gomes, VHF and Neill, D and Alonso, A and Dallmeier, F and de Souza, FC and Gribel, R and Arroyo, L and Carvalho,
FA and de Aguiar, DPP and do Amaral, DD and Pansonato, MP and Feeley,
KJ and Berenguer, E and Fine, PVA and Guedes, MC and Barlow, J and Ferreira, J and Villa, B and Peñuela Mora and MC and Jimenez, EM and Licona, JC and Cerón, C and Thomas, R and Maas, P and Silveira, M and Henkel, TW and Stropp, J and Paredes, MR and Dexter, KG and Daly, D and Baker, TR and Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I and Milliken, W and Pennington, T and Tello, JS and Pena, JLM and Peres, CA and Klitgaard,
B and Fuentes, A and Silman, MR and Di Fiore and A and von Hildebrand, P and Chave, J and van Andel, TR and Hilário, RR and Phillips, JF and Rivas-Torres, G and Noronha, JC and Prieto, A and Gonzales, T and de Sá
Carpanedo, R and Gonzales, GPG and Gómez, RZ and de Jesus Rodrigues,
D and Zent, EL and Ruschel, AR and Vos, VA and Fonty, É and Junqueira, AB and Doza, HPD and Hoffman, B and Zent, S and Barbosa, EM and Malhi, Y and de
Matos Bonates and LC and de Andrade Miranda and IP and Silva, N and Barbosa, FR and Vela, CIA and Pinto, LFM and Rudas, A and Albuquerque,
BW and Umaña, MN and Carrero Márquez and YA and van der Heijden, G and Young, KR and Tirado, M and Correa, DF and Sierra, R and Costa, JBP and Rocha, M and Vilanova Torre and E and Wang, O and Oliveira, AA and Kalamandeen, M and Vriesendorp, C and Ramirez-Angulo, H and Holmgren,
M and Nascimento, MT and Galbraith, D and Flores, BM and Scudeller, VV and Cano, A and Ahuite Reategui and MA and Mesones, I and Baider, C and Mendoza, C and Zagt, R and Urrego Giraldo and LE and Ferreira, C and Villarroel, D and Linares-Palomino, R and Farfan-Rios, W and Casas,
LF and Cárdenas, S and Balslev, H and Torres-Lezama, A and Alexiades,
MN and Garcia-Cabrera, K and Valenzuela Gamarra and L and Valderrama
Sandoval, EH and Ramirez Arevalo and F and Hernandez, L and Sampaio, AF and Pansini, S and Palacios Cuenca and W and de Oliveira, EA and Pauletto,
D and Levesley, A and Melgaço, K and Pickavance,
G},
Title = {Biased-corrected richness estimates for the Amazonian tree
flora.},
Journal = {Scientific Reports},
Volume = {10},
Number = {1},
Pages = {10130},
Year = {2020},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66686-3},
Abstract = {Amazonian forests are extraordinarily diverse, but the
estimated species richness is very much debated. Here, we
apply an ensemble of parametric estimators and a novel
technique that includes conspecific spatial aggregation to
an extended database of forest plots with up-to-date
taxonomy. We show that the species abundance distribution of
Amazonia is best approximated by a logseries with aggregated
individuals, where aggregation increases with rarity. By
averaging several methods to estimate total richness, we
confirm that over 15,000 tree species are expected to occur
in Amazonia. We also show that using ten times the number of
plots would result in an increase to just ~50% of those
15,000 estimated species. To get a more complete sample of
all tree species, rigorous field campaigns may be needed but
the number of trees in Amazonia will remain an estimate for
years to come.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-66686-3},
Key = {fds350256}
}
@article{fds348847,
Author = {Terborgh, J and Huanca Nuñez and N and Feeley, K and Beck,
H},
Title = {Gaps present a trade-off between dispersal and establishment
that nourishes species diversity.},
Journal = {Ecology},
Volume = {101},
Number = {5},
Pages = {e02996},
Year = {2020},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2996},
Abstract = {We took advantage of two natural experiments to investigate
processes that regulate tree recruitment in gaps. In the
first, we examined the recruitment of small and large
saplings and trees into 31 gaps resulting from treefalls
occurring between 1984 and 2015 in the 2.25-ha core area of
a 4-ha tree plot at Cocha Cashu in Perú. In the second, we
identified the tallest saplings recruiting into 69 gaps
created during a violent wind storm in February 2000. In the
established tree plot, we were able to compare the
composition of saplings in the disturbance zones of gaps
prior to, during, and subsequent to the period of gap
formation. Recruitment in gaps was compared with that in
"nofall" zones, areas within the plot that had not
experienced a treefall at least since the early 1980s. Our
results confirmed earlier findings that a consistently high
proportion (~60%) of established saplings survived gap
formation. Light demanding species, as proxied by mortality
rates, recruited under all conditions, but preferentially
during periods of gap formation, a pattern that was
especially strong among gap pioneers. Similar results were
noted, separately, for small and large saplings and trees
recruiting at ≥10 cm dbh. One hundred percent of
previously untagged trees recruiting into gaps in the first
post-disturbance census were gap pioneers, suggesting rapid
development. This conclusion was strongly supported in a
follow-up survey taken of 69 gaps 19 months after they had
been synchronously created in a wind storm. Ten species of
gap pioneers, eight of which are not normally present in the
advance regeneration, had attained heights of 6-10 m in
19 months. The 10 gap pioneers were dispersed, variously,
by primates, bats, birds, and wind and reached maximum
frequency in different-sized gaps (range <100 m<sup>2</sup>
to >1,000 m<sup>2</sup> ). Both gap size and limited
dispersal of zoochorous species into gaps serve as filters
for establishment, creating a complex mosaic of conditions
that enhances species diversity.},
Doi = {10.1002/ecy.2996},
Key = {fds348847}
}
@article{fds357432,
Author = {Sullivan, MJP and Lewis, SL and Affum-Baffoe, K and Castilho, C and Costa, F and Sanchez, AC and Ewango, CEN and Hubau, W and Marimon, B and Monteagudo-Mendoza, A and Qie, L and Sonké, B and Martinez, RV and Baker, TR and Brienen, RJW and Feldpausch, TR and Galbraith, D and Gloor, M and Malhi, Y and Aiba, S-I and Alexiades, MN and Almeida, EC and de Oliveira, EA and Dávila, EÁ and Loayza, PA and Andrade, A and Vieira, SA and Aragão, LEOC and Araujo-Murakami, A and Arets, EJMM and Arroyo, L and Ashton, P and Aymard C and G and Baccaro, FB and Banin, LF and Baraloto, C and Camargo, PB and Barlow, J and Barroso, J and Bastin,
J-F and Batterman, SA and Beeckman, H and Begne, SK and Bennett, AC and Berenguer, E and Berry, N and Blanc, L and Boeckx, P and Bogaert, J and Bonal, D and Bongers, F and Bradford, M and Brearley, FQ and Brncic, T and Brown, F and Burban, B and Camargo, JL and Castro, W and Céron, C and Ribeiro, SC and Moscoso, VC and Chave, J and Chezeaux, E and Clark, CJ and de Souza, FC and Collins, M and Comiskey, JA and Valverde, FC and Medina, MC and da Costa, L and Dančák, M and Dargie, GC and Davies, S and Cardozo, ND and de Haulleville, T and de Medeiros, MB and Del Aguila
Pasquel and J and Derroire, G and Di Fiore and A and Doucet, J-L and Dourdain,
A and Droissart, V and Duque, LF and Ekoungoulou, R and Elias, F and Erwin,
T and Esquivel-Muelbert, A and Fauset, S and Ferreira, J and Llampazo,
GF and Foli, E and Ford, A and Gilpin, M and Hall, JS and Hamer, KC and Hamilton, AC and Harris, DJ and Hart, TB and Hédl, R and Herault, B and Herrera, R and Higuchi, N and Hladik, A and Coronado, EH and Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I and Huasco, WH and Jeffery, KJ and Jimenez-Rojas, E and Kalamandeen, M and Djuikouo, MNK and Kearsley,
E and Umetsu, RK and Kho, LK and Killeen, T and Kitayama, K and Klitgaard,
B and Koch, A and Labrière, N and Laurance, W and Laurance, S and Leal,
ME and Levesley, A and Lima, AJN and Lisingo, J and Lopes, AP and Lopez-Gonzalez, G and Lovejoy, T and Lovett, JC and Lowe, R and Magnusson, WE and Malumbres-Olarte, J and Manzatto, ÂG and Marimon,
BH and Marshall, AR and Marthews, T and de Almeida Reis and SM and Maycock,
C and Melgaço, K and Mendoza, C and Metali, F and Mihindou, V and Milliken, W and Mitchard, ETA and Morandi, PS and Mossman, HL and Nagy,
L and Nascimento, H and Neill, D and Nilus, R and Vargas, PN and Palacios,
W and Camacho, NP and Peacock, J and Pendry, C and Peñuela Mora and MC and Pickavance, GC and Pipoly, J and Pitman, N and Playfair, M and Poorter,
L and Poulsen, JR and Poulsen, AD and Preziosi, R and Prieto, A and Primack, RB and Ramírez-Angulo, H and Reitsma, J and Réjou-Méchain, M and Correa, ZR and de Sousa, TR and Bayona, LR and Roopsind, A and Rudas, A and Rutishauser, E and Abu Salim and K and Salomão, RP and Schietti, J and Sheil, D and Silva, RC and Espejo, JS and Valeria, CS and Silveira, M and Simo-Droissart, M and Simon, MF and Singh, J and Soto Shareva and YC and Stahl, C and Stropp, J and Sukri, R and Sunderland, T and Svátek, M and Swaine, MD and Swamy, V and Taedoumg,
H and Talbot, J and Taplin, J and Taylor, D and Ter Steege and H and Terborgh,
J and Thomas, R and Thomas, SC and Torres-Lezama, A and Umunay, P and Gamarra, LV and van der Heijden, G and van der Hout, P and van der
Meer, P and van Nieuwstadt, M and Verbeeck, H and Vernimmen, R and Vicentini, A and Vieira, ICG and Torre, EV and Vleminckx, J and Vos, V and Wang, O and White, LJT and Willcock, S and Woods, JT and Wortel, V and Young, K and Zagt, R and Zemagho, L and Zuidema, PA and Zwerts, JA and Phillips, OL},
Title = {Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth's tropical
forests.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {368},
Number = {6493},
Pages = {869-874},
Year = {2020},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw7578},
Abstract = {The sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a
key uncertainty in predicting global climate change.
Although short-term drying and warming are known to affect
forests, it is unknown if such effects translate into
long-term responses. Here, we analyze 590 permanent plots
measured across the tropics to derive the equilibrium
climate controls on forest carbon. Maximum temperature is
the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (-9.1
megagrams of carbon per hectare per degree Celsius),
primarily by reducing woody productivity, and has a greater
impact per °C in the hottest forests (>32.2°C). Our
results nevertheless reveal greater thermal resilience than
observations of short-term variation imply. To realize the
long-term climate adaptation potential of tropical forests
requires both protecting them and stabilizing Earth's
climate.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.aaw7578},
Key = {fds357432}
}
@article{fds348846,
Author = {Hazelwood, K and Paine, CET and Cornejo Valverde and FH and Pringle, EG and Beck, H and Terborgh, J},
Title = {Changes in tree community structure in defaunated forests
are not driven only by dispersal limitation},
Journal = {Ecology and Evolution},
Volume = {10},
Number = {7},
Pages = {3392-3401},
Year = {2020},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6133},
Abstract = {Bushmeat hunting has reduced population sizes of large
frugivorous vertebrates throughout the tropics, thereby
reducing the dispersal of seeds. This is believed to affect
tree population dynamics, and therefore community
composition, because the seed dispersal of large-seeded
trees depends upon large-bodied vertebrates. We report on a
long-running study of the effect of defaunation on a
tropical tree community. In three censuses over 11 years,
we compared sapling recruitment between a hunted and a
nonhunted site, which are nearby and comparable to one
another, to determine the extent to which species
composition has changed through time following defaunation.
We expected to find a reduced abundance of tree species that
rely on large frugivores for dispersal at the hunted site
and altered community structure as a consequence. Although
community composition at the hunted site diverged from that
at the nonhunted site, the changes were independent of
dispersal syndrome, with no trend toward a decline in
species that are dispersed by large, hunted vertebrates.
Moreover, the loss of large-bodied dispersers did not
generate the changes in tree community composition that we
hypothesized. Some species presumed to rely on large-bodied
frugivores for dispersal are effectively recruiting despite
the absence of their dispersers. Synthesis: The presumption
that forests depleted of large-bodied dispersers will
experience rapid, directional compositional change is not
fully supported by our results. Altered species composition
in the sapling layer at the hunted site, however, indicates
that defaunation may be connected with changes to the tree
community, but that the nature of these changes is not
unidirectional as previously assumed. It remains difficult
to predict how defaunation will affect tree community
composition without a deeper understanding of the driving
mechanisms at play.},
Doi = {10.1002/ece3.6133},
Key = {fds348846}
}
@article{fds347203,
Author = {Coelho de Souza and F and Dexter, KG and Phillips, OL and Pennington,
RT and Neves, D and Sullivan, MJP and Alvarez-Davila, E and Alves, Á and Amaral, I and Andrade, A and Aragao, LEOC and Araujo-Murakami, A and Arets, EJMM and Arroyo, L and Aymard C and GA and Bánki, O and Baraloto,
C and Barroso, JG and Boot, RGA and Brienen, RJW and Brown, F and Camargo,
JLC and Castro, W and Chave, J and Cogollo, A and Comiskey, JA and Cornejo-Valverde, F and da Costa, AL and de Camargo, PB and Di Fiore,
A and Feldpausch, TR and Galbraith, DR and Gloor, E and Goodman, RC and Gilpin, M and Herrera, R and Higuchi, N and Honorio Coronado and EN and Jimenez-Rojas, E and Killeen, TJ and Laurance, S and Laurance, WF and Lopez-Gonzalez, G and Lovejoy, TE and Malhi, Y and Marimon, BS and Marimon-Junior, BH and Mendoza, C and Monteagudo-Mendoza, A and Neill, DA and Vargas, PN and Peñuela Mora and MC and Pickavance, GC and Pipoly, JJ and Pitman, NCA and Poorter, L and Prieto, A and Ramirez, F and Roopsind, A and Rudas, A and Salomão, RP and Silva, N and Silveira, M and Singh, J and Stropp, J and Ter Steege and H and Terborgh, J and Thomas-Caesar, R and Umetsu, RK and Vasquez, RV and Célia-Vieira, I and Vieira, SA and Vos, VA and Zagt, RJ and Baker, TR},
Title = {Evolutionary diversity is associated with wood productivity
in Amazonian forests.},
Journal = {Nature Ecology and Evolution},
Volume = {3},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1754-1761},
Year = {2019},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-1007-y},
Abstract = {Higher levels of taxonomic and evolutionary diversity are
expected to maximize ecosystem function, yet their relative
importance in driving variation in ecosystem function at
large scales in diverse forests is unknown. Using 90
inventory plots across intact, lowland, terra firme,
Amazonian forests and a new phylogeny including 526
angiosperm genera, we investigated the association between
taxonomic and evolutionary metrics of diversity and two key
measures of ecosystem function: aboveground wood
productivity and biomass storage. While taxonomic and
phylogenetic diversity were not important predictors of
variation in biomass, both emerged as independent predictors
of wood productivity. Amazon forests that contain greater
evolutionary diversity and a higher proportion of rare
species have higher productivity. While climatic and edaphic
variables are together the strongest predictors of
productivity, our results show that the evolutionary
diversity of tree species in diverse forest stands also
influences productivity. As our models accounted for wood
density and tree size, they also suggest that additional,
unstudied, evolutionarily correlated traits have significant
effects on ecosystem function in tropical forests. Overall,
our pan-Amazonian analysis shows that greater phylogenetic
diversity translates into higher levels of ecosystem
function: tropical forest communities with more distantly
related taxa have greater wood productivity.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41559-019-1007-y},
Key = {fds347203}
}
@article{fds346611,
Author = {Ter Steege and H and Henkel, TW and Helal, N and Marimon, BS and Marimon-Junior, BH and Huth, A and Groeneveld, J and Sabatier, D and Coelho, LDS and Filho, DDAL and Salomão, RP and Amaral, IL and Matos,
FDDA and Castilho, CV and Phillips, OL and Guevara, JE and Carim, MDJV and Cárdenas López and D and Magnusson, WE and Wittmann, F and Irume, MV and Martins, MP and Guimarães, JRDS and Molino, J-F and Bánki, OS and Piedade, MTF and Pitman, NCA and Mendoza, AM and Ramos, JF and Luize,
BG and Moraes de Leão Novo and EM and Núñez Vargas and P and Silva, TSF and Venticinque, EM and Manzatto, AG and Reis, NFC and Terborgh, J and Casula, KR and Honorio Coronado and EN and Montero, JC and Feldpausch,
TR and Duque, A and Costa, FRC and Arboleda, NC and Schöngart, J and Killeen, TJ and Vasquez, R and Mostacedo, B and Demarchi, LO and Assis,
RL and Baraloto, C and Engel, J and Petronelli, P and Castellanos, H and de
Medeiros, MB and Quaresma, A and Simon, MF and Andrade, A and Camargo,
JL and Laurance, SGW and Laurance, WF and Rincón, LM and Schietti, J and Sousa, TR and de Sousa Farias and E and Lopes, MA and Magalhães, JLL and Mendonça Nascimento and HE and Lima de Queiroz and H and Aymard C and GA and Brienen, R and Revilla, JDC and Vieira, ICG and Cintra, BBL and Stevenson, PR and Feitosa, YO and Duivenvoorden, JF and Mogollón,
HF and Araujo-Murakami, A and Ferreira, LV and Lozada, JR and Comiskey,
JA and de Toledo, JJ and Damasco, G and Dávila, N and Draper, F and García-Villacorta, R and Lopes, A and Vicentini, A and Alonso, A and Dallmeier, F and Gomes, VHF and Lloyd, J and Neill, D and de Aguiar,
DPP and Arroyo, L and Carvalho, FA and de Souza, FC and do Amaral, DD and Feeley, KJ and Gribel, R and Pansonato, MP and Barlow, J and Berenguer,
E and Ferreira, J and Fine, PVA and Guedes, MC and Jimenez, EM and Licona,
JC and Peñuela Mora and MC and Villa, B and Cerón, C and Maas, P and Silveira, M and Stropp, J and Thomas, R and Baker, TR and Daly, D and Dexter, KG and Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I and Milliken, W and Pennington, T and Ríos Paredes and M and Fuentes, A and Klitgaard, B and Pena, JLM and Peres, CA and Silman, MR and Tello, JS and Chave, J and Cornejo Valverde and F and Di Fiore and A and Hilário, RR and Phillips,
JF and Rivas-Torres, G and van Andel, TR and von Hildebrand, P and Noronha, JC and Barbosa, EM and Barbosa, FR and de Matos Bonates and LC and Carpanedo, RDS and Dávila Doza and HP and Fonty, É and GómeZárate Z,
R and Gonzales, T and Gallardo Gonzales and GP and Hoffman, B and Junqueira, AB and Malhi, Y and Miranda, IPDA and Pinto, LFM and Prieto,
A and Rodrigues, DDJ and Rudas, A and Ruschel, AR and Silva, N and Vela,
CIA and Vos, VA and Zent, EL and Zent, S and Weiss Albuquerque and B and Cano,
A and Carrero Márquez and YA and Correa, DF and Costa, JBP and Flores, BM and Galbraith, D and Holmgren, M and Kalamandeen, M and Nascimento, MT and Oliveira, AA and Ramirez-Angulo, H and Rocha, M and Scudeller, VV and Sierra, R and Tirado, M and Umaña Medina and MN and van der Heijden, G and Vilanova Torre and E and Vriesendorp, C and Wang, O and Young, KR and Ahuite Reategui and MA and Baider, C and Balslev, H and Cárdenas, S and Casas, LF and Farfan-Rios, W and Ferreira, C and Linares-Palomino, R and Mendoza, C and Mesones, I and Torres-Lezama, A and Giraldo, LEU and Villarroel, D and Zagt, R and Alexiades, MN and de Oliveira, EA and Garcia-Cabrera, K and Hernandez, L and Palacios Cuenca and W and Pansini, S and Pauletto, D and Ramirez Arevalo and F and Sampaio, AF and Sandoval, EHV and Valenzuela Gamarra and L and Levesley, A and Pickavance, G and Melgaço, K},
Title = {Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian
forests.},
Journal = {Scientific Reports},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {13822},
Year = {2019},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50323-9},
Abstract = {Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet,
forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree
species is dominant. Such "monodominant" forests are known
from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we
sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive,
basin-wide database of forest-inventory plots from the
Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). Utilizing a simple
defining metric of at least half of the trees ≥ 10 cm
diameter belonging to one species, we found only a few
occurrences of monodominance in Amazonia, and the phenomenon
was not significantly linked to previously hypothesized life
history traits such wood density, seed mass, ectomycorrhizal
associations, or Rhizobium nodulation. In our analysis,
coppicing (the formation of sprouts at the base of the tree
or on roots) was the only trait significantly linked to
monodominance. While at specific locales coppicing or
ectomycorrhizal associations may confer a considerable
advantage to a tree species and lead to its monodominance,
very few species have these traits. Mining of the ATDN
dataset suggests that monodominance is quite rare in
Amazonia, and may be linked primarily to edaphic
factors.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-50323-9},
Key = {fds346611}
}
@article{fds342497,
Author = {Terborgh, J and Zhu, K and Alvarez Loayza and P and Cornejo Valverde,
F},
Title = {Seed limitation in an Amazonian floodplain
forest.},
Journal = {Ecology},
Volume = {100},
Number = {5},
Pages = {e02642},
Year = {2019},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2642},
Abstract = {We monitored a close-spaced grid of 289 seed traps in
1.44 ha for 8.4 yr in an Amazonian floodplain forest. In a
tree community containing hundreds of species, a median of
just three to four species of tree seeds falls annually into
each 0.5-m<sup>2</sup> establishment site. The number of
seed species reaching a given site increased linearly with
time for the duration of the monitoring period, indicating
a roughly random arrival of seed species in a given
site-year. The number of seed species captured each year
over the entire grid ranged from one-third to one-half of
the total captured over the 8.4 yr of monitoring, revealing
a substantial temporal component of variation in the seed
rain. Seed rain at the 0.5-m<sup>2</sup> scale displayed
extreme spatial variability when all potentially viable
seeds were tallied, whereas the rain of dispersed seeds was
scant, more nearly uniform, and better mixed. Dispersal
limitation, defined as failure of seeds to reach
establishment sites, is ≥99% per year for a majority of
species, explaining why seed augmentation experiments are
often successful. Dispersal limitation has been evoked as an
explanation for distance-dependent species turnover in
tropical tree communities, but that interpretation contrasts
with the fact that many Amazonian tree species possess large
geographical ranges that extend for hundreds or thousands of
kilometers. A better understanding of the processes that
bridge the gap between the scales of seedling establishment
and the regulation of forest composition will require new
methodologies for studying dispersal on scales larger than
those yet achieved.},
Doi = {10.1002/ecy.2642},
Key = {fds342497}
}
@article{fds343740,
Author = {Fauset, S and Gloor, M and Fyllas, NM and Phillips, OL and Asner, GP and Baker, TR and Patrick Bentley and L and Brienen, RJW and Christoffersen,
BO and del Aguila-Pasquel, J and Doughty, CE and Feldpausch, TR and Galbraith, DR and Goodman, RC and Girardin, CAJ and Honorio Coronado,
EN and Monteagudo, A and Salinas, N and Shenkin, A and Silva-Espejo, JE and van der Heijden, G and Vasquez, R and Alvarez-Davila, E and Arroyo,
L and Barroso, JG and Brown, F and Castro, W and Cornejo Valverde and F and Davila Cardozo and N and Di Fiore and A and Erwin, T and Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I and Núñez Vargas and P and Neill, D and Pallqui Camacho and N and Gutierrez, AP and Peacock, J and Pitman, N and Prieto, A and Restrepo, Z and Rudas, A and Quesada, CA and Silveira, M and Stropp, J and Terborgh, J and Vieira, SA and Malhi,
Y},
Title = {Individual-based modeling of amazon forests suggests that
climate controls productivity while traits control
demography},
Journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science},
Volume = {7},
Year = {2019},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00083},
Abstract = {Climate, species composition, and soils are thought to
control carbon cycling and forest structure in Amazonian
forests. Here, we add a demographics scheme (tree
recruitment, growth, and mortality) to a recently developed
non-demographic model—the Trait-based Forest Simulator
(TFS)—to explore the roles of climate and plant traits in
controlling forest productivity and structure. We compared
two sites with differing climates (seasonal vs. aseasonal
precipitation) and plant traits. Through an initial
validation simulation, we assessed whether the model
converges on observed forest properties (productivity,
demographic and structural variables) using datasets of
functional traits, structure, and climate to model the
carbon cycle at the two sites. In a second set of
simulations, we tested the relative importance of climate
and plant traits for forest properties within the TFS
framework using the climate from the two sites with
hypothetical trait distributions representing two axes of
functional variation (“fast” vs. “slow” leaf traits,
and high vs. low wood density). The adapted model with
demographics reproduced observed variation in gross (GPP)
and net (NPP) primary production, and respiration. However,
NPP and respiration at the level of plant organs (leaf,
stem, and root) were poorly simulated. Mortality and
recruitment rates were underestimated. The equilibrium
forest structure differed from observations of stem numbers
suggesting either that the forests are not currently at
equilibrium or that mechanisms are missing from the model.
Findings from the second set of simulations demonstrated
that differences in productivity were driven by climate,
rather than plant traits. Contrary to expectation, varying
leaf traits had no influence on GPP. Drivers of simulated
forest structure were complex, with a key role for wood
density mediated by its link to tree mortality. Modeled
mortality and recruitment rates were linked to plant traits
alone, drought-related mortality was not accounted for. In
future, model development should focus on improving
allocation, mortality, organ respiration, simulation of
understory trees and adding hydraulic traits. This type of
model that incorporates diverse tree strategies, detailed
forest structure and realistic physiology is necessary if we
are to be able to simulate tropical forest responses to
global change scenarios.},
Doi = {10.3389/feart.2019.00083},
Key = {fds343740}
}
@article{fds342561,
Author = {Levi, T and Barfield, M and Holt, RD and Terborgh,
J},
Title = {Reply to Cannon and Lerdau: Maintenance of tropical forest
tree diversity.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {116},
Number = {17},
Pages = {8106},
Year = {2019},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1902666116},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1902666116},
Key = {fds342561}
}
@article{fds339848,
Author = {Esquivel-Muelbert, A and Baker, TR and Dexter, KG and Lewis, SL and Brienen, RJW and Feldpausch, TR and Lloyd, J and Monteagudo-Mendoza,
A and Arroyo, L and Álvarez-Dávila, E and Higuchi, N and Marimon, BS and Marimon-Junior, BH and Silveira, M and Vilanova, E and Gloor, E and Malhi, Y and Chave, J and Barlow, J and Bonal, D and Davila Cardozo and N and Erwin, T and Fauset, S and Hérault, B and Laurance, S and Poorter, L and Qie, L and Stahl, C and Sullivan, MJP and Ter Steege and H and Vos, VA and Zuidema, PA and Almeida, E and Almeida de Oliveira and E and Andrade, A and Vieira, SA and Aragão, L and Araujo-Murakami, A and Arets, E and Aymard
C, GA and Baraloto, C and Camargo, PB and Barroso, JG and Bongers, F and Boot, R and Camargo, JL and Castro, W and Chama Moscoso and V and Comiskey,
J and Cornejo Valverde and F and Lola da Costa and AC and Del Aguila
Pasquel and J and Di Fiore and A and Fernanda Duque and L and Elias, F and Engel,
J and Flores Llampazo and G and Galbraith, D and Herrera Fernández and R and Honorio Coronado and E and Hubau, W and Jimenez-Rojas, E and Lima, AJN and Umetsu, RK and Laurance, W and Lopez-Gonzalez, G and Lovejoy, T and Aurelio Melo Cruz and O and Morandi, PS and Neill, D and Núñez Vargas,
P and Pallqui Camacho and NC and Parada Gutierrez and A and Pardo, G and Peacock, J and Peña-Claros, M and Peñuela-Mora, MC and Petronelli,
P and Pickavance, GC and Pitman, N and Prieto, A and Quesada, C and Ramírez-Angulo, H and Réjou-Méchain, M and Restrepo Correa and Z and Roopsind, A and Rudas, A and Salomão, R and Silva, N and Silva Espejo,
J and Singh, J and Stropp, J and Terborgh, J and Thomas, R and Toledo, M and Torres-Lezama, A and Valenzuela Gamarra and L and van de Meer, PJ and van der Heijden, G and van der Hout, P and Vasquez Martinez and R and Vela, C and Vieira, ICG and Phillips, OL},
Title = {Compositional response of Amazon forests to climate
change.},
Journal = {Global Change Biology},
Volume = {25},
Number = {1},
Pages = {39-56},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14413},
Abstract = {Most of the planet's diversity is concentrated in the
tropics, which includes many regions undergoing rapid
climate change. Yet, while climate-induced biodiversity
changes are widely documented elsewhere, few studies have
addressed this issue for lowland tropical ecosystems. Here
we investigate whether the floristic and functional
composition of intact lowland Amazonian forests have been
changing by evaluating records from 106 long-term inventory
plots spanning 30 years. We analyse three traits that have
been hypothesized to respond to different environmental
drivers (increase in moisture stress and atmospheric
CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations): maximum tree size,
biogeographic water-deficit affiliation and wood density.
Tree communities have become increasingly dominated by
large-statured taxa, but to date there has been no
detectable change in mean wood density or water deficit
affiliation at the community level, despite most forest
plots having experienced an intensification of the dry
season. However, among newly recruited trees, dry-affiliated
genera have become more abundant, while the mortality of
wet-affiliated genera has increased in those plots where the
dry season has intensified most. Thus, a slow shift to a
more dry-affiliated Amazonia is underway, with changes in
compositional dynamics (recruits and mortality) consistent
with climate-change drivers, but yet to significantly impact
whole-community composition. The Amazon observational record
suggests that the increase in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> is
driving a shift within tree communities to large-statured
species and that climate changes to date will impact forest
composition, but long generation times of tropical trees
mean that biodiversity change is lagging behind climate
change.},
Doi = {10.1111/gcb.14413},
Key = {fds339848}
}
@article{fds340870,
Author = {Levi, T and Barfield, M and Barrantes, S and Sullivan, C and Holt, RD and Terborgh, J},
Title = {Tropical forests can maintain hyperdiversity because of
enemies.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {116},
Number = {2},
Pages = {581-586},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1813211116},
Abstract = {Explaining the maintenance of tropical forest diversity
under the countervailing forces of drift and competition
poses a major challenge to ecological theory. Janzen-Connell
effects, in which host-specific natural enemies restrict the
recruitment of juveniles near conspecific adults, provide a
potential mechanism. Janzen-Connell is strongly supported
empirically, but existing theory does not address the stable
coexistence of hundreds of species. Here we use
high-performance computing and analytical models to
demonstrate that tropical forest diversity can be maintained
nearly indefinitely in a prolonged state of transient
dynamics due to distance-responsive natural enemies.
Further, we show that Janzen-Connell effects lead to
community regulation of diversity by imposing a
diversity-dependent cost to commonness and benefit to
rarity. The resulting species-area and rank-abundance
relationships are consistent with empirical results.
Diversity maintenance over long time spans does not require
dispersal from an external metacommunity, speciation, or
resource niche partitioning, only a small zone around
conspecific adults in which saplings fail to recruit. We
conclude that the Janzen-Connell mechanism can explain the
maintenance of tropical tree diversity while not precluding
the operation of other niche-based mechanisms such as
resource partitioning.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1813211116},
Key = {fds340870}
}
@article{fds339311,
Author = {Bastin, JF and Rutishauser, E and Kellner, JR and Saatchi, S and Pélissier, R and Hérault, B and Slik, F and Bogaert, J and De
Cannière, C and Marshall, AR and Poulsen, J and Alvarez-Loyayza, P and Andrade, A and Angbonga-Basia, A and Araujo-Murakami, A and Arroyo,
L and Ayyappan, N and de Azevedo, CP and Banki, O and Barbier, N and Barroso, JG and Beeckman, H and Bitariho, R and Boeckx, P and Boehning-Gaese, K and Brandão, H and Brearley, FQ and Breuer
Ndoundou Hockemba and M and Brienen, R and Camargo, JLC and Campos-Arceiz, A and Cassart, B and Chave, J and Chazdon, R and Chuyong,
G and Clark, DB and Clark, CJ and Condit, R and Honorio Coronado and EN and Davidar, P and de Haulleville, T and Descroix, L and Doucet, JL and Dourdain, A and Droissart, V and Duncan, T and Silva Espejo and J and Espinosa, S and Farwig, N and Fayolle, A and Feldpausch, TR and Ferraz,
A and Fletcher, C and Gajapersad, K and Gillet, JF and Amaral, ILD and Gonmadje, C and Grogan, J and Harris, D and Herzog, SK and Homeier, J and Hubau, W and Hubbell, SP and Hufkens, K and Hurtado, J and Kamdem, NG and Kearsley, E and Kenfack, D and Kessler, M and Labrière, N and Laumonier, Y and Laurance, S and Laurance, WF and Lewis, SL and Libalah,
MB and Ligot, G and Lloyd, J and Lovejoy, TE and Malhi, Y and Marimon, BS and Marimon Junior and BH and Martin, EH and Matius, P and Meyer, V and Mendoza
Bautista, C and Monteagudo-Mendoza, A and Mtui, A and Neill, D and Parada Gutierrez and GA and Pardo, G and Parren, M and Parthasarathy, N and Phillips, OL and Pitman, NCA and Ploton, P and Ponette, Q and Ramesh,
BR and Razafimahaimodison, JC and Réjou-Méchain, M and Rolim,
SG},
Title = {Pan-tropical prediction of forest structure from the largest
trees},
Journal = {Global Ecology and Biogeography},
Volume = {27},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1366-1383},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geb.12803},
Abstract = {Aim: Large tropical trees form the interface between ground
and airborne observations, offering a unique opportunity to
capture forest properties remotely and to investigate their
variations on broad scales. However, despite rapid
development of metrics to characterize the forest canopy
from remotely sensed data, a gap remains between aerial and
field inventories. To close this gap, we propose a new
pan-tropical model to predict plot-level forest structure
properties and biomass from only the largest trees.
Location: Pan-tropical. Time period: Early 21st century.
Major taxa studied: Woody plants. Methods: Using a dataset
of 867 plots distributed among 118 sites across the tropics,
we tested the prediction of the quadratic mean diameter,
basal area, Lorey's height, community wood density and
aboveground biomass (AGB) from the ith largest trees.
Results: Measuring the largest trees in tropical forests
enables unbiased predictions of plot- and site-level forest
structure. The 20 largest trees per hectare predicted
quadratic mean diameter, basal area, Lorey's height,
community wood density and AGB with 12, 16, 4, 4 and 17.7%
of relative error, respectively. Most of the remaining error
in biomass prediction is driven by differences in the
proportion of total biomass held in medium-sized trees
(50–70 cm diameter at breast height), which shows some
continental dependency, with American tropical forests
presenting the highest proportion of total biomass in these
intermediate-diameter classes relative to other continents.
Main conclusions: Our approach provides new information on
tropical forest structure and can be used to generate
accurate field estimates of tropical forest carbon stocks to
support the calibration and validation of current and
forthcoming space missions. It will reduce the cost of field
inventories and contribute to scientific understanding of
tropical forest ecosystems and response to climate
change.},
Doi = {10.1111/geb.12803},
Key = {fds339311}
}
@article{fds332893,
Author = {Bagchi, R and Swamy, V and Latorre Farfan and JP and Terborgh, J and Vela,
CIA and Pitman, NCA and Sanchez, WG},
Title = {Defaunation increases the spatial clustering of lowland
Western Amazonian tree communities},
Journal = {Journal of Ecology},
Volume = {106},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1470-1482},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12929},
Abstract = {Declines of large vertebrates in tropical forests may reduce
dispersal of tree species that rely on them, and the
resulting undispersed seedlings might suffer increased
distance- and density-dependent mortality. Consequently,
extirpation of large vertebrates may alter the composition
and spatial structure of plant communities and impair
ecosystem functions like carbon storage. We analysed spatial
patterns of tree recruitment within six forest plots along a
defaunation gradient in western Amazonia. We divided
recruits into two size cohorts (“saplings”: ≥1 m tall
and <1 cm diameter at breast height [dbh], and juveniles,
1–2 cm dbh) and examined the spatial organisation of
conspecific recruits within each cohort (within-cohort) and
around conspecific reproductive-sized trees
(between-cohort). We used replicated spatial point pattern
analysis to quantify relationships between recruit
clustering and cohort, defaunation intensity, each tree
species reliance on hunted dispersers and the interactions
among these three covariates. Within-cohort clustering of
conspecific saplings increased with reliance of tree species
on hunted dispersers, and this trend strengthened
significantly as defaunation increased, probably because of
reduced dispersal. Within-cohort clustering of conspecifics
declined from saplings to juveniles, suggesting
density-dependent mortality of saplings. However, the
positive relationship between sapling clustering and
defaunation did not lead to greater reductions in
within-cohort clustering during the sapling–juvenile
transition, suggesting that higher conspecific densities did
not translate into increased mortality. Instead, the
increased spatial clustering associated with defaunation was
retained for juvenile recruits. Between-cohort clustering
was unrelated to defaunation and did not change during the
sapling–juvenile transition. Synthesis. Defaunation
increased spatial aggregation of saplings of tree species
reliant on hunted dispersers. The increase in sapling
clustering did not increase density-dependent thinning, and
persisted into older recruit cohorts, suggesting that
hunting may initiate long-term spatial reorganisation of
Amazonian tree communities. The lack of increased
density-dependent thinning indicates that reduced dispersal
did not increase mortality of large-vertebrate dispersed
tree species that contribute disproportionately to forest
biomass. We, therefore, caution against the fait accompli
acceptance of the prediction by recent modelling studies
that overhunting will precipitate a collapse in carbon
sequestration by tropical forests.},
Doi = {10.1111/1365-2745.12929},
Key = {fds332893}
}
@article{fds332329,
Author = {Terborgh, JW and Davenport, LC and Belcon, AU and Katul, G and Swenson,
JJ and Fritz, SC and Baker, PA},
Title = {Twenty-three-year timeline of ecological stable states and
regime shifts in upper Amazon oxbow lakes},
Journal = {Hydrobiologia},
Volume = {807},
Number = {1},
Pages = {99-111},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2018},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3384-z},
Abstract = {Regime shifts in shallow lakes are often associated with
anthropogenic impacts, such as land-use change, non-point
source nutrient loading, and overfishing. These shifts have
mostly been examined in lakes in temperate and boreal
regions and within anthropogenically disturbed basins. Here,
it is demonstrated that tropical floodplain lakes in a
region of virtually no human disturbance naturally undergo
frequent regime shifts. We demonstrate this using satellite
imagery to provide a 23-year time series of 22-oxbow lakes
or “cochas” along 300 km of the Manu River in SE Perú.
In any year, a majority of these lakes is in a
macrophyte-free, phytoplankton-dominated state. However,
over the 23 years covered by images, roughly a third of the
lakes experienced abrupt shifts to a floating macrophyte
state. Macrophyte cover persisted for ≤ 3 year.
Analysis of water level fluctuations sampled on a subset of
the lakes for 1 year suggests that lake isolation from
streams and the main river facilitates regime shifts.
Multiple forcing factors, both internal and external to the
lakes themselves, could drive the observed regime shifts,
but insufficient data exist from this remote region to
identify the key processes.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10750-017-3384-z},
Key = {fds332329}
}
@article{fds332330,
Author = {Gomes, VHF and IJff, SD and Raes, N and Amaral, IL and Salomão, RP and de
Souza Coelho and L and de Almeida Matos and FD and Castilho, CV and de
Andrade Lima Filho and D and López, DC and Guevara, JE and Magnusson,
WE and Phillips, OL and Wittmann, F and de Jesus Veiga Carim and M and Martins, MP and Irume, MV and Sabatier, D and Molino, J-F and Bánki,
OS and da Silva Guimarães, JR and Pitman, NCA and Piedade, MTF and Mendoza, AM and Luize, BG and Venticinque, EM and de Leão Novo and EMM and Vargas, PN and Silva, TSF and Manzatto, AG and Terborgh, J and Reis,
NFC and Montero, JC and Casula, KR and Marimon, BS and Marimon, B-H and Coronado, ENH and Feldpausch, TR and Duque, A and Zartman, CE and Arboleda, NC and Killeen, TJ and Mostacedo, B and Vasquez, R and Schöngart, J and Assis, RL and Medeiros, MB and Simon, MF and Andrade,
A and Laurance, WF and Camargo, JL and Demarchi, LO and Laurance, SGW and de Sousa Farias and E and Nascimento, HEM and Revilla, JDC and Quaresma,
A and Costa, FRC and Vieira, ICG and Cintra, BBL and Castellanos, H and Brienen, R and Stevenson, PR and Feitosa, Y and Duivenvoorden, JF and Aymard C and GA and Mogollón, HF and Targhetta, N and Comiskey, JA and Vicentini, A and Lopes, A and Damasco, G and Dávila, N and García-Villacorta, R and Levis, C and Schietti, J and Souza, P and Emilio, T and Alonso, A and Neill, D and Dallmeier, F and Ferreira, LV and Araujo-Murakami, A and Praia, D and do Amaral, DD and Carvalho, FA and de Souza, FC and Feeley, K and Arroyo, L and Pansonato, MP and Gribel,
R and Villa, B and Licona, JC and Fine, PVA and Cerón, C and Baraloto, C and Jimenez, EM and Stropp, J and Engel, J and Silveira, M and Mora, MCP and Petronelli, P and Maas, P and Thomas-Caesar, R and Henkel, TW and Daly,
D and Paredes, MR and Baker, TR and Fuentes, A and Peres, CA and Chave, J and Pena, JLM and Dexter, KG and Silman, MR and Jørgensen, PM and Pennington, T and Di Fiore and A and Valverde, FC and Phillips, JF and Rivas-Torres, G and von Hildebrand, P and van Andel, TR and Ruschel,
AR and Prieto, A and Rudas, A and Hoffman, B and Vela, CIA and Barbosa, EM and Zent, EL and Gonzales, GPG and Doza, HPD and de Andrade Miranda and IP and Guillaumet, J-L and Pinto, LFM and de Matos Bonates and LC and Silva, N and Gómez, RZ and Zent, S and Gonzales, T and Vos, VA and Malhi, Y and Oliveira, AA and Cano, A and Albuquerque, BW and Vriesendorp, C and Correa, DF and Torre, EV and van der Heijden, G and Ramirez-Angulo,
H and Ramos, JF and Young, KR and Rocha, M and Nascimento, MT and Medina,
MNU and Tirado, M and Wang, O and Sierra, R and Torres-Lezama, A and Mendoza, C and Ferreira, C and Baider, C and Villarroel, D and Balslev,
H and Mesones, I and Giraldo, LEU and Casas, LF and Reategui, MAA and Linares-Palomino, R and Zagt, R and Cárdenas, S and Farfan-Rios, W and Sampaio, AF and Pauletto, D and Sandoval, EHV and Arevalo, FR and Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I and Garcia-Cabrera, K and Hernandez, L and Gamarra, LV and Alexiades, MN and Pansini, S and Cuenca, WP and Milliken, W and Ricardo, J and Lopez-Gonzalez, G and Pos, E and Ter
Steege, H},
Title = {Species Distribution Modelling: Contrasting presence-only
models with plot abundance data.},
Journal = {Scientific Reports},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1003},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-18927-1},
Abstract = {Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used in
ecology and conservation. Presence-only SDMs such as MaxEnt
frequently use natural history collections (NHCs) as
occurrence data, given their huge numbers and accessibility.
NHCs are often spatially biased which may generate
inaccuracies in SDMs. Here, we test how the distribution of
NHCs and MaxEnt predictions relates to a spatial abundance
model, based on a large plot dataset for Amazonian tree
species, using inverse distance weighting (IDW). We also
propose a new pipeline to deal with inconsistencies in NHCs
and to limit the area of occupancy of the species. We found
a significant but weak positive relationship between the
distribution of NHCs and IDW for 66% of the species. The
relationship between SDMs and IDW was also significant but
weakly positive for 95% of the species, and sensitivity for
both analyses was high. Furthermore, the pipeline removed
half of the NHCs records. Presence-only SDM applications
should consider this limitation, especially for large
biodiversity assessments projects, when they are
automatically generated without subsequent checking. Our
pipeline provides a conservative estimate of a species' area
of occupancy, within an area slightly larger than its extent
of occurrence, compatible to e.g. IUCN red list
assessments.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-18927-1},
Key = {fds332330}
}
@article{fds332894,
Author = {Terborgh, J and Davenport, LC and Ong, L and Campos-Arceiz,
A},
Title = {Foraging impacts of Asian megafauna on tropical rain forest
structure and biodiversity},
Journal = {Biotropica},
Volume = {50},
Number = {1},
Pages = {84-89},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/btp.12488},
Abstract = {Megaherbivores are known to influence the structure,
composition, and diversity of vegetation. In Central Africa,
forest elephants act as ecological filters by breaking tree
saplings and stripping them of foliage. Much less is known
about impacts of megafauna on Southeast Asian rain forests.
Here, we ask whether herbivory by Asian megafauna has
impacts analogous to those of African forest elephants. To
answer this, we studied forest (1) structure, (2)
composition, (3) diversity, and (4) tree scars in Belum and
Krau, two protected areas of Peninsular Malaysia, and
compared the results with those obtained in African forests.
Elephants are abundant in Belum but have been absent in Krau
since 1993. We found that stem density and diversity,
especially of tree saplings, were higher in Krau than in
Belum. Palms and other monocots were also more abundant in
Krau. In Belum, however, small monocots (<1 m tall) were
very abundant but larger ones (>1 m tall) were virtually
absent, suggesting size-selective removal. The frequency of
stem-break scars was equal at Belum and Krau but less than
in Central Africa and greater than in the Peruvian Amazon
where tapirs are the only megafauna. Pigs and tapirs could
also contribute to the high frequency of tree scars recorded
in Malaysian forests. Forest-dwelling elephants in Asia seem
to have a reduced impact on tree saplings compared to
African forest elephants, but a very strong impact on
monocots.},
Doi = {10.1111/btp.12488},
Key = {fds332894}
}
@article{fds330016,
Author = {Terborgh, J and Huanca Nuñez and N and Alvarez Loayza and P and Cornejo
Valverde, F},
Title = {Gaps contribute tree diversity to a tropical floodplain
forest.},
Journal = {Ecology},
Volume = {98},
Number = {11},
Pages = {2895-2903},
Year = {2017},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1991},
Abstract = {Treefall gaps have long been a central feature of
discussions about the maintenance of tree diversity in both
temperate and tropical forests. Gaps expose parts of the
forest floor to direct sunlight and create a distinctive
microenvironment that can favor the recruitment into the
community of so-called gap pioneers. This traditional view
enjoys strong empirical support, yet has been cast into
doubt by a much-cited article claiming that gaps are
inherently "neutral" in their contribution to forest
dynamics. We present concurrent data on seedfall and sapling
recruitment into gaps vs. under a vertically structured
canopy in an Amazonian floodplain forest in Peru. Our
results strongly uphold the view of gaps as important
generators of tree diversity. Our methods differed
significantly from those employed by the neutralist group
and can explain the contrasting outcomes. We found that
seedfall into gaps differs both quantitatively and
qualitatively from that falling under a multi-tiered canopy,
being greatly enriched in wind-dispersed and autochorus
species and sharply deficient in all types of zoochorous
seeds. Despite a reduced input of zoochorous seeds,
zoochorous species made up 79% of saplings recruiting into
gaps, whereas wind-dispersed species made up only 1%.
Cohorts of saplings recruiting into gaps are less diverse
than those recruiting under a closed canopy (Fisher's
alpha = 40 vs. 100) and compositionally distinct,
containing many light-demanding species that rarely, if
ever, recruit under shaded conditions. Saplings recruiting
into gaps appear to represent a variable mix of
shade-tolerant survivors of the initiating treefall and
sun-demanding species that germinate subsequently.},
Doi = {10.1002/ecy.1991},
Key = {fds330016}
}
@article{fds328852,
Author = {Johns, D and Terborgh, J and Beazley, KF and Estes, JA and Foreman, D and Miller, B and Noss, R and Soulé, M and Ripple, WJ},
Title = {We need a biologically Sound North American conservation
plan},
Journal = {Bioscience},
Volume = {67},
Number = {8},
Pages = {685-686},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2017},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix066},
Doi = {10.1093/biosci/bix066},
Key = {fds328852}
}
@article{fds326836,
Author = {Terborgh, J and Peres, CA},
Title = {Do community-managed forests work? A biodiversity
perspective},
Journal = {Land},
Volume = {6},
Number = {2},
Pages = {22-22},
Publisher = {MDPI AG},
Year = {2017},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land6020022},
Abstract = {Community-managed reserves (CMRs) comprise the
fastest-growing category of protected areas throughout the
tropics. CMRs represent a compromise between advocates of
nature conservation and advocates of human development. We
ask whether CMRs succeed in achieving the goals of either. A
fixed reserve area can produce only a finite resource
supply, whereas human populations exploiting them tend to
expand rapidly while adopting high-impact technologies to
satisfy rising aspirations. Intentions behind the
establishment of CMRs may be admirable, but represent an
ideal rarely achieved. People tied to the natural forest
subsist on income levels that are among the lowest in the
Amazon. Limits of sustainable harvesting are often low and
rarely known prior to reserve creation or respected
thereafter, and resource exhaustion predictably follows.
Unintended consequences typically emerge, such as
overhunting of the seed dispersers, pollinators, and other
animals that provide services essential to perpetuating the
forest. CMRs are a low priority for governments, so mostly
operate without enforcement, a laxity that encourages
illegal forest conversion. Finally, the pull of markets can
alter the "business plan" of a reserve overnight, as
inhabitants switch to new activities. The reality is that we
live in a hyperdynamic world of accelerating change in which
past assumptions must continually be re-evaluated.},
Doi = {10.3390/land6020022},
Key = {fds326836}
}
@article{fds322599,
Author = {Esquivel-Muelbert, A and Baker, TR and Dexter, KG and Lewis, SL and ter
Steege, H and Lopez-Gonzalez, G and Monteagudo Mendoza and A and Brienen, R and Feldpausch, TR and Pitman, N and Alonso, A and van der
Heijden, G and Peña-Claros, M and Ahuite, M and Alexiaides, M and Álvarez Dávila, E and Murakami, AA and Arroyo, L and Aulestia, M and Balslev, H and Barroso, J and Boot, R and Cano, A and Chama Moscoso and V and Comiskey, JA and Cornejo, F and Dallmeier, F and Daly, DC and Dávila,
N and Duivenvoorden, JF and Duque Montoya and AJ and Erwin, T and Di Fiore,
A and Fredericksen, T and Fuentes, A and García-Villacorta, R and Gonzales, T and Guevara Andino and JE and Honorio Coronado and EN and Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I and Killeen, TJ and Malhi, Y and Mendoza, C and Mogollón, H and Jørgensen, PM and Montero, JC and Mostacedo, B and Nauray, W and Neill, D and Vargas, PN and Palacios, S and Palacios
Cuenca, W and Pallqui Camacho and NC and Peacock, J and Phillips, JF and Pickavance, G and Quesada, CA and Ramírez-Angulo, H and Restrepo, Z and Reynel Rodriguez and C and Paredes, MR and Sierra, R and Silveira, M and Stevenson, P and Stropp, J and Terborgh, J and Tirado, M and Toledo, M and Torres-Lezama, A and Umaña, MN and Urrego, LE and Vasquez Martinez,
R and Gamarra, LV and Vela, CIA and Vilanova Torre and E and Vos, V and von
Hildebrand, P and Vriesendorp, C and Wang, O and Young, KR and Zartman,
CE and Phillips, OL},
Title = {Seasonal drought limits tree species across the
Neotropics},
Journal = {Ecography},
Volume = {40},
Number = {5},
Pages = {618-629},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecog.01904},
Abstract = {Within the tropics, the species richness of tree communities
is strongly and positively associated with precipitation.
Previous research has suggested that this macroecological
pattern is driven by the negative effect of water-stress on
the physiological processes of most tree species. This
implies that the range limits of taxa are defined by their
ability to occur under dry conditions, and thus in terms of
species distributions predicts a nested pattern of taxa
distribution from wet to dry areas. However, this
‘dry-tolerance’ hypothesis has yet to be adequately
tested at large spatial and taxonomic scales. Here, using a
dataset of 531 inventory plots of closed canopy forest
distributed across the western Neotropics we investigated
how precipitation, evaluated both as mean annual
precipitation and as the maximum climatological water
deficit, influences the distribution of tropical tree
species, genera and families. We find that the distributions
of tree taxa are indeed nested along precipitation gradients
in the western Neotropics. Taxa tolerant to seasonal drought
are disproportionally widespread across the precipitation
gradient, with most reaching even the wettest climates
sampled; however, most taxa analysed are restricted to wet
areas. Our results suggest that the ‘dry tolerance'
hypothesis has broad applicability in the world's most
species-rich forests. In addition, the large number of
species restricted to wetter conditions strongly indicates
that an increased frequency of drought could severely
threaten biodiversity in this region. Overall, this study
establishes a baseline for exploring how tropical forest
tree composition may change in response to current and
future environmental changes in this region.},
Doi = {10.1111/ecog.01904},
Key = {fds322599}
}
@article{fds325119,
Author = {Levis, C and Costa, FRC and Bongers, F and Peña-Claros, M and Clement,
CR and Junqueira, AB and Neves, EG and Tamanaha, EK and Figueiredo, FOG and Salomão, RP and Castilho, CV and Magnusson, WE and Phillips, OL and Guevara, JE and Sabatier, D and Molino, J-F and López, DC and Mendoza,
AM and Pitman, NCA and Duque, A and Vargas, PN and Zartman, CE and Vasquez,
R and Andrade, A and Camargo, JL and Feldpausch, TR and Laurance, SGW and Laurance, WF and Killeen, TJ and Nascimento, HEM and Montero, JC and Mostacedo, B and Amaral, IL and Guimarães Vieira and IC and Brienen, R and Castellanos, H and Terborgh, J and Carim, MDJV and Guimarães, JRDS and Coelho, LDS and Matos, FDDA and Wittmann, F and Mogollón, HF and Damasco, G and Dávila, N and García-Villacorta, R and Coronado,
ENH and Emilio, T and Filho, DDAL and Schietti, J and Souza, P and Targhetta, N and Comiskey, JA and Marimon, BS and Marimon, B-H and Neill, D and Alonso, A and Arroyo, L and Carvalho, FA and de Souza, FC and Dallmeier, F and Pansonato, MP and Duivenvoorden, JF and Fine, PVA and Stevenson, PR and Araujo-Murakami, A and Aymard C and GA and Baraloto,
C and do Amaral, DD and Engel, J and Henkel, TW and Maas, P and Petronelli,
P and Revilla, JDC and Stropp, J and Daly, D and Gribel, R and Paredes, MR and Silveira, M and Thomas-Caesar, R and Baker, TR and da Silva, NF and Ferreira, LV and Peres, CA and Silman, MR and Cerón, C and Valverde,
FC and Di Fiore and A and Jimenez, EM and Mora, MCP and Toledo, M and Barbosa,
EM and Bonates, LCDM and Arboleda, NC and Farias, EDS and Fuentes, A and Guillaumet, J-L and Jørgensen, PM and Malhi, Y and de Andrade
Miranda, IP and Phillips, JF and Prieto, A and Rudas, A and Ruschel, AR and Silva, N and von Hildebrand, P and Vos, VA and Zent, EL and Zent, S and Cintra, BBL and Nascimento, MT and Oliveira, AA and Ramirez-Angulo,
H and Ramos, JF and Rivas, G and Schöngart, J and Sierra, R and Tirado, M and van der Heijden, G and Torre, EV and Wang, O and Young, KR and Baider,
C and Cano, A and Farfan-Rios, W and Ferreira, C and Hoffman, B and Mendoza, C and Mesones, I and Torres-Lezama, A and Medina, MNU and van
Andel, TR and Villarroel, D and Zagt, R and Alexiades, MN and Balslev,
H and Garcia-Cabrera, K and Gonzales, T and Hernandez, L and Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I and Manzatto, AG and Milliken, W and Cuenca,
WP and Pansini, S and Pauletto, D and Arevalo, FR and Reis, NFC and Sampaio, AF and Giraldo, LEU and Sandoval, EHV and Gamarra, LV and Vela,
CIA and Ter Steege and H},
Title = {Persistent effects of pre-Columbian plant domestication on
Amazonian forest composition.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {355},
Number = {6328},
Pages = {925-931},
Year = {2017},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aal0157},
Abstract = {The extent to which pre-Columbian societies altered
Amazonian landscapes is hotly debated. We performed a
basin-wide analysis of pre-Columbian impacts on Amazonian
forests by overlaying known archaeological sites in Amazonia
with the distributions and abundances of 85 woody species
domesticated by pre-Columbian peoples. Domesticated species
are five times more likely than nondomesticated species to
be hyperdominant. Across the basin, the relative abundance
and richness of domesticated species increase in forests on
and around archaeological sites. In southwestern and eastern
Amazonia, distance to archaeological sites strongly
influences the relative abundance and richness of
domesticated species. Our analyses indicate that modern tree
communities in Amazonia are structured to an important
extent by a long history of plant domestication by Amazonian
peoples.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.aal0157},
Key = {fds325119}
}
@article{fds324055,
Author = {Phillips, OL and Brienen, RJW and Gloor, E and Baker, TR and Lloyd, J and Lopez-Gonzalez, G and Monteagudo-Mendoza, A and Malhi, Y and Lewis,
SL and Vásquez Martinez and R and Alexiades, M and Álvarez Dávila, E and Alvarez-Loayza, P and Andrade, A and Aragão, LEOC and Araujo-Murakami, A and Arets, EJMM and Arroyo, L and Aymard, GA and Bánki, OS and Baraloto, C and Barroso, J and Bonal, D and Boot, RGA and Camargo, JLC and Castilho, CV and Chama, V and Chao, KJ and Chave, J and Comiskey, JA and Valverde, FC and da Costa, L and de Oliveira, EA and Di
Fiore, A and Erwin, TL and Fauset, S and Forsthofer, M and Galbraith,
DR and Grahame, ES and Groot, N and Hérault, B and Higuchi, N and Honorio
Coronado, EN and Keeling, H and Killeen, TJ and Laurance, WF and Laurance, S and Licona, J and Magnusson, WE and Marimon, BS and Marimon-Junior, BH and Mendoza, C and Neill, DA and Nogueira, EM and Núñez, P and Pallqui Camacho and NC and Parada, A and Pardo-Molina, G and Peacock, J and Peña-Claros, M and Pickavance, GC and Pitman, NCA and Poorter, L and Prieto, A and Quesada, CA and Ramírez, F and Ramírez-Angulo, H and Restrepo, Z and Roopsind, A and Rudas, A and Salomão, RP and Schwarz, M and Silva, N and Silva-Espejo, JE and Silveira, M and Stropp, J and Talbot, J and ter Steege, H and Teran-Aguilar, J and Terborgh, J and Thomas-Caesar, R and Toledo, M and Torello-Raventos, M and Umetsu, K and van der Heijden, GMF and van
der Hout, P and Guimarães Vieira and IC and Vieira, SA and Vilanova, E and Vos, VA and Zagt, RJ and Alarcon, A and Amaral, I and Camargo, PPB and Brown, IF and Blanc, L and Burban, B and Cardozo, N and Engel, J and de
Freitas, MA},
Title = {Carbon uptake by mature Amazon forests has mitigated Amazon
nations' carbon emissions},
Journal = {Carbon Balance and Management},
Volume = {12},
Number = {1},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2017},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13021-016-0069-2},
Abstract = {Background: Several independent lines of evidence suggest
that Amazon forests have provided a significant carbon sink
service, and also that the Amazon carbon sink in intact,
mature forests may now be threatened as a result of
different processes. There has however been no work done to
quantify non-land-use-change forest carbon fluxes on a
national basis within Amazonia, or to place these national
fluxes and their possible changes in the context of the
major anthropogenic carbon fluxes in the region. Here we
present a first attempt to interpret results from
ground-based monitoring of mature forest carbon fluxes in a
biogeographically, politically, and temporally
differentiated way. Specifically, using results from a large
long-term network of forest plots, we estimate the Amazon
biomass carbon balance over the last three decades for the
different regions and nine nations of Amazonia, and evaluate
the magnitude and trajectory of these differentiated
balances in relation to major national anthropogenic carbon
emissions. Results: The sink of carbon into mature forests
has been remarkably geographically ubiquitous across
Amazonia, being substantial and persistent in each of the
five biogeographic regions within Amazonia. Between 1980 and
2010, it has more than mitigated the fossil fuel emissions
of every single national economy, except that of Venezuela.
For most nations (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana,
Guyana, Peru, Suriname) the sink has probably additionally
mitigated all anthropogenic carbon emissions due to Amazon
deforestation and other land use change. While the sink has
weakened in some regions since 2000, our analysis suggests
that Amazon nations which are able to conserve large areas
of natural and semi-natural landscape still contribute
globally-significant carbon sequestration. Conclusions:
Mature forests across all of Amazonia have contributed
significantly to mitigating climate change for decades. Yet
Amazon nations have not directly benefited from providing
this global scale ecosystem service. We suggest that better
monitoring and reporting of the carbon fluxes within mature
forests, and understanding the drivers of changes in their
balance, must become national, as well as international,
priorities.},
Doi = {10.1186/s13021-016-0069-2},
Key = {fds324055}
}
@article{fds323706,
Author = {Sullivan, MJP and Talbot, J and Lewis, SL and Phillips, OL and Qie, L and Begne, SK and Chave, J and Cuni-Sanchez, A and Hubau, W and Lopez-Gonzalez, G and Miles, L and Monteagudo-Mendoza, A and Sonké,
B and Sunderland, T and Ter Steege and H and White, LJT and Affum-Baffoe,
K and Aiba, S-I and de Almeida, EC and de Oliveira, EA and Alvarez-Loayza, P and Dávila, EÁ and Andrade, A and Aragão, LEOC and Ashton, P and Aymard C and GA and Baker, TR and Balinga, M and Banin, LF and Baraloto, C and Bastin, J-F and Berry, N and Bogaert, J and Bonal, D and Bongers, F and Brienen, R and Camargo, JLC and Cerón, C and Moscoso,
VC and Chezeaux, E and Clark, CJ and Pacheco, ÁC and Comiskey, JA and Valverde, FC and Coronado, ENH and Dargie, G and Davies, SJ and De
Canniere, C and Djuikouo K and MN and Doucet, J-L and Erwin, TL and Espejo,
JS and Ewango, CEN and Fauset, S and Feldpausch, TR and Herrera, R and Gilpin, M and Gloor, E and Hall, JS and Harris, DJ and Hart, TB and Kartawinata, K and Kho, LK and Kitayama, K and Laurance, SGW and Laurance, WF and Leal, ME and Lovejoy, T and Lovett, JC and Lukasu, FM and Makana, J-R and Malhi, Y and Maracahipes, L and Marimon, BS and Junior,
BHM and Marshall, AR and Morandi, PS and Mukendi, JT and Mukinzi, J and Nilus, R and Vargas, PN and Camacho, NCP and Pardo, G and Peña-Claros,
M and Pétronelli, P and Pickavance, GC and Poulsen, AD and Poulsen, JR and Primack, RB and Priyadi, H and Quesada, CA and Reitsma, J and Réjou-Méchain, M and Restrepo, Z and Rutishauser, E and Salim, KA and Salomão, RP and Samsoedin, I and Sheil, D and Sierra, R and Silveira,
M and Slik, JWF and Steel, L and Taedoumg, H and Tan, S and Terborgh, JW and Thomas, SC and Toledo, M and Umunay, PM and Gamarra, LV and Vieira, ICG and Vos, VA and Wang, O and Willcock, S and Zemagho, L},
Title = {Diversity and carbon storage across the tropical forest
biome.},
Journal = {Scientific Reports},
Volume = {7},
Pages = {39102},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep39102},
Abstract = {Tropical forests are global centres of biodiversity and
carbon storage. Many tropical countries aspire to protect
forest to fulfil biodiversity and climate mitigation policy
targets, but the conservation strategies needed to achieve
these two functions depend critically on the tropical forest
tree diversity-carbon storage relationship. Assessing this
relationship is challenging due to the scarcity of
inventories where carbon stocks in aboveground biomass and
species identifications have been simultaneously and
robustly quantified. Here, we compile a unique pan-tropical
dataset of 360 plots located in structurally intact
old-growth closed-canopy forest, surveyed using standardised
methods, allowing a multi-scale evaluation of
diversity-carbon relationships in tropical forests.
Diversity-carbon relationships among all plots at 1 ha
scale across the tropics are absent, and within continents
are either weak (Asia) or absent (Amazonia, Africa). A weak
positive relationship is detectable within 1 ha plots,
indicating that diversity effects in tropical forests may be
scale dependent. The absence of clear diversity-carbon
relationships at scales relevant to conservation planning
means that carbon-centred conservation strategies will
inevitably miss many high diversity ecosystems. As tropical
forests can have any combination of tree diversity and
carbon stocks both require explicit consideration when
optimising policies to manage tropical carbon and
biodiversity.},
Doi = {10.1038/srep39102},
Key = {fds323706}
}
@article{fds340882,
Author = {Ripple, WJ and Chapron, G and López-Bao, JV and Durant, SM and MacDonald, DW and Lindsey, PA and Bennett, EL and Beschta, RL and Bruskotter, JT and Campos-Arceiz, A and Corlett, RT and Darimont, CT and Dickman, AJ and Dirzo, R and Dublin, HT and Estes, JA and Everatt, KT and Galetti, M and Goswami, VR and Hayward, MW and Hedges, S and Hoffmann,
M and Hunter, LTB and Kerley, GIH and Letnic, M and Levi, T and Maisels, F and Morrison, JC and Nelson, MP and Newsome, TM and Painter, L and Pringle,
RM and Sandom, CJ and Terborgh, J and Treves, A and Van Valkenburgh and B and Vucetich, JA and Wirsing, AJ and Wallach, AD and Wolf, C and Woodroffe,
R and Young, H and Zhang, L},
Title = {Conserving the world's megafauna and biodiversity: The
fierce urgency of now},
Journal = {Bioscience},
Volume = {67},
Number = {3},
Pages = {197-200},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biw168},
Doi = {10.1093/biosci/biw168},
Key = {fds340882}
}
@article{fds322596,
Author = {Paine, CET and Beck, H and Terborgh, J},
Title = {How mammalian predation contributes to tropical tree
community structure.},
Journal = {Ecology},
Volume = {97},
Number = {12},
Pages = {3326-3336},
Year = {2016},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1586},
Abstract = {The recruitment of seedlings from seeds is the key
demographic transition for rain forest trees. Though
tropical forest mammals are known to consume many seeds,
their effects on tree community structure remain little
known. To evaluate their effects, we monitored 8,000 seeds
of 24 tree species using exclosure cages that were
selectively permeable to three size classes of mammals for
up to 4.4 years. Small and medium-bodied mammals removed
many more seeds than did large mammals, and they alone
generated beta diversity and negative density dependence,
whereas all mammals reduced diversity and shaped local
species composition. Thus, small and medium-bodied mammals
more strongly contributed to community structure and
promoted species coexistence than did large mammals. Given
that seedling recruitment is seed limited for most species,
alterations to the composition of the community of mammalian
seed predators is expected to have long-term consequences
for tree community structure in tropical
forests.},
Doi = {10.1002/ecy.1586},
Key = {fds322596}
}
@article{fds322597,
Author = {Johnson, MO and Galbraith, D and Gloor, M and De Deurwaerder and H and Guimberteau, M and Rammig, A and Thonicke, K and Verbeeck, H and von
Randow, C and Monteagudo, A and Phillips, OL and Brienen, RJW and Feldpausch, TR and Lopez Gonzalez and G and Fauset, S and Quesada, CA and Christoffersen, B and Ciais, P and Sampaio, G and Kruijt, B and Meir, P and Moorcroft, P and Zhang, K and Alvarez-Davila, E and Alves de
Oliveira, A and Amaral, I and Andrade, A and Aragao, LEOC and Araujo-Murakami, A and Arets, EJMM and Arroyo, L and Aymard, GA and Baraloto, C and Barroso, J and Bonal, D and Boot, R and Camargo, J and Chave, J and Cogollo, A and Cornejo Valverde and F and Lola da Costa,
AC and Di Fiore and A and Ferreira, L and Higuchi, N and Honorio, EN and Killeen, TJ and Laurance, SG and Laurance, WF and Licona, J and Lovejoy,
T and Malhi, Y and Marimon, B and Marimon, BH and Matos, DCL and Mendoza,
C and Neill, DA and Pardo, G and Peña-Claros, M and Pitman, NCA and Poorter, L and Prieto, A and Ramirez-Angulo, H and Roopsind, A and Rudas, A and Salomao, RP and Silveira, M and Stropp, J and Ter Steege,
H and Terborgh, J and Thomas, R and Toledo, M and Torres-Lezama, A and van
der Heijden, GMF and Vasquez, R and Guimarães Vieira and IC and Vilanova, E and Vos, VA and Baker, TR},
Title = {Variation in stem mortality rates determines patterns of
above-ground biomass in Amazonian forests: implications for
dynamic global vegetation models.},
Journal = {Global Change Biology},
Volume = {22},
Number = {12},
Pages = {3996-4013},
Year = {2016},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13315},
Abstract = {Understanding the processes that determine above-ground
biomass (AGB) in Amazonian forests is important for
predicting the sensitivity of these ecosystems to
environmental change and for designing and evaluating
dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). AGB is determined
by inputs from woody productivity [woody net primary
productivity (NPP)] and the rate at which carbon is lost
through tree mortality. Here, we test whether two direct
metrics of tree mortality (the absolute rate of woody
biomass loss and the rate of stem mortality) and/or woody
NPP, control variation in AGB among 167 plots in intact
forest across Amazonia. We then compare these relationships
and the observed variation in AGB and woody NPP with the
predictions of four DGVMs. The observations show that stem
mortality rates, rather than absolute rates of woody biomass
loss, are the most important predictor of AGB, which is
consistent with the importance of stand size structure for
determining spatial variation in AGB. The relationship
between stem mortality rates and AGB varies among different
regions of Amazonia, indicating that variation in wood
density and height/diameter relationships also influences
AGB. In contrast to previous findings, we find that woody
NPP is not correlated with stem mortality rates and is
weakly positively correlated with AGB. Across the four
models, basin-wide average AGB is similar to the mean of the
observations. However, the models consistently overestimate
woody NPP and poorly represent the spatial patterns of both
AGB and woody NPP estimated using plot data. In marked
contrast to the observations, DGVMs typically show strong
positive relationships between woody NPP and AGB. Resolving
these differences will require incorporating forest size
structure, mechanistic models of stem mortality and
variation in functional composition in DGVMs.},
Doi = {10.1111/gcb.13315},
Key = {fds322597}
}
@article{fds327665,
Author = {Estes, JA and Dayton, PK and Kareiva, P and Levin, SA and Lubchenco, J and Menge, BA and Palumbi, SR and Power, ME and Terborgh,
J},
Title = {A keystone ecologist: Robert Treat Paine,
1933-2016.},
Journal = {Ecology},
Volume = {97},
Number = {11},
Pages = {2905-2909},
Year = {2016},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1572},
Abstract = {Robert T. Paine, who passed away on 13 June 2016, is among
the most influential people in the history of ecology. Paine
was an experimentalist, a theoretician, a practitioner, and
proponent of the "ecology of place," and a deep believer in
the importance of natural history to ecological
understanding. His scientific legacy grew from the discovery
of a link between top-down forcing and species diversity, a
breakthrough that led to the ideas of both keystone species
and trophic cascades, and to our early understanding of the
mosaic nature of biological communities, causes of zonation
across physical gradients, and the intermediate-disturbance
hypothesis of species diversity. Paine's influence as a
mentor was equally important to the growth of ecological
thinking, natural resource conservation, and policy. He
served ecology as an Ecological Society of America
president, an editor of the Society's journals, a member of
and contributor to the National Academy of Sciences and the
National Research Council, and an in-demand advisor to
various state and federal agencies. Paine's broad interests,
enthusiasm, charisma, and humor deeply affected our lives
and the lives of so many others.},
Doi = {10.1002/ecy.1572},
Key = {fds327665}
}
@article{fds330340,
Author = {Ripple, WJ and Chapron, G and López-Bao, JV and Durant, SM and Macdonald, DW and Lindsey, PA and Bennett, EL and Beschta, RL and Bruskotter, JT and Campos-Arceiz, A and Corlett, RT and Darimont, CT and Dickman, AJ and Dirzo, R and Dublin, HT and Estes, JA and Everatt, KT and Galetti, M and Goswami, VR and Hayward, MW and Hedges, S and Hoffmann,
M and Hunter, LTB and Kerley, GIH and Letnic, M and Levi, T and Maisels, F and Morrison, JC and Nelson, MP and Newsome, TM and Painter, L and Pringle,
RM and Sandom, CJ and Terborgh, J and Treves, A and Van Valkenburgh and B and Vucetich, JA and Wirsing, AJ and Wallach, AD and Wolf, C and Woodroffe,
R and Young, H and Zhang, L},
Title = {Saving the World's Terrestrial Megafauna.},
Journal = {Bioscience},
Volume = {66},
Number = {10},
Pages = {807-812},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biw092},
Doi = {10.1093/biosci/biw092},
Key = {fds330340}
}
@article{fds322598,
Author = {Feldpausch, TR and Phillips, OL and Brienen, RJW and Gloor, E and Lloyd,
J and Lopez-Gonzalez, G and Monteagudo-Mendoza, A and Malhi, Y and Alarcón, A and Álvarez Dávila, E and Alvarez-Loayza, P and Andrade, A and Aragao, LEOC and Arroyo, L and Aymard C. and GA and Baker,
TR and Baraloto, C and Barroso, J and Bonal, D and Castro, W and Chama, V and Chave, J and Domingues, TF and Fauset, S and Groot, N and Honorio
Coronado, E and Laurance, S and Laurance, WF and Lewis, SL and Licona,
JC and Marimon, BS and Marimon-Junior, BH and Mendoza Bautista and C and Neill, DA and Oliveira, EA and Oliveira dos Santos and C and Pallqui
Camacho, NC and Pardo-Molina, G and Prieto, A and Quesada, CA and Ramírez, F and Ramírez-Angulo, H and Réjou-Méchain, M and Rudas,
A and Saiz, G and Salomão, RP and Silva-Espejo, JE and Silveira, M and ter
Steege, H and Stropp, J and Terborgh, J and Thomas-Caesar, R and van der
Heijden, GMF and Vásquez Martinez and R and Vilanova, E and Vos,
VA},
Title = {Amazon forest response to repeated droughts},
Journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
Volume = {30},
Number = {7},
Pages = {964-982},
Publisher = {American Geophysical Union (AGU)},
Year = {2016},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015GB005133},
Abstract = {The Amazon Basin has experienced more variable climate over
the last decade, with a severe and widespread drought in
2005 causing large basin-wide losses of biomass. A drought
of similar climatological magnitude occurred again in 2010;
however, there has been no basin-wide ground-based
evaluation of effects on vegetation. We examine to what
extent the 2010 drought affected forest dynamics using
ground-based observations of mortality and growth from an
extensive forest plot network. We find that during the 2010
drought interval, forests did not gain biomass (net change:
−0.43 Mg ha−1, confidence interval (CI): −1.11, 0.19,
n = 97), regardless of whether forests experienced
precipitation deficit anomalies. This contrasted with a
long-term biomass sink during the baseline pre-2010 drought
period (1998 to pre-2010) of 1.33 Mg ha−1 yr−1 (CI:
0.90, 1.74, p < 0.01). The resulting net impact of the 2010
drought (i.e., reversal of the baseline net sink) was
−1.95 Mg ha−1 yr−1 (CI:−2.77, −1.18; p < 0.001).
This net biomass impact was driven by an increase in biomass
mortality (1.45 Mg ha−1 yr−1 CI: 0.66, 2.25, p < 0.001)
and a decline in biomass productivity (−0.50 Mg ha−1
yr−1, CI:−0.78, −0.31; p < 0.001). Surprisingly, the
magnitude of the losses through tree mortality was unrelated
to estimated local precipitation anomalies and was
independent of estimated local pre-2010 drought history.
Thus, there was no evidence that pre-2010 droughts
compounded the effects of the 2010 drought. We detected a
systematic basin-wide impact of the 2010 drought on tree
growth rates across Amazonia, which was related to the
strength of the moisture deficit. This impact differed from
the drought event in 2005 which did not affect productivity.
Based on these ground data, live biomass in trees and
corresponding estimates of live biomass in lianas and roots,
we estimate that intact forests in Amazonia were carbon
neutral in 2010 (−0.07 Pg C yr−1 CI:−0.42, 0.23),
consistent with results from an independent analysis of
airborne estimates of land-atmospheric fluxes during 2010.
Relative to the long-term mean, the 2010 drought resulted in
a reduction in biomass carbon uptake of 1.1 Pg C, compared
to 1.6 Pg C for the 2005 event.},
Doi = {10.1002/2015GB005133},
Key = {fds322598}
}
@article{fds322600,
Author = {Baker, TR and Vela Díaz and DM and Chama Moscoso and V and Navarro, G and Monteagudo, A and Pinto, R and Cangani, K and Fyllas, NM and Lopez
Gonzalez, G and Laurance, WF and Lewis, SL and Lloyd, J and Ter Steege,
H and Terborgh, JW and Phillips, OL},
Title = {Consistent, small effects of treefall disturbances on the
composition and diversity of four Amazonian
forests.},
Journal = {Journal of Ecology},
Volume = {104},
Number = {2},
Pages = {497-506},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12529},
Abstract = {Understanding the resilience of moist tropical forests to
treefall disturbance events is important for understanding
the mechanisms that underlie species coexistence and for
predicting the future composition of these ecosystems. Here,
we test whether variation in the functional composition of
Amazonian forests determines their resilience to
disturbance.We studied the legacy of natural treefall
disturbance events in four forests across Amazonia that
differ substantially in functional composition. We compared
the composition and diversity of all free-standing woody
stems 2-10 cm diameter in previously disturbed and
undisturbed 20 × 20 m subplots within 55, one-hectare,
long-term forest inventory plots.Overall, stem number
increased following disturbance, and species and functional
composition shifted to favour light-wooded, small-seeded
taxa. Alpha-diversity increased, but beta-diversity was
unaffected by disturbance, in all four forests.Changes in
response to disturbance in both functional composition and
alpha-diversity were, however, small (2 - 4% depending on
the parameter) and similar among forests. <i>Synthesis</i>.
This study demonstrates that variation in the functional
composition of Amazonian forests does not lead to large
differences in the response of these forests to treefall
disturbances, and overall, these events have a minor role in
maintaining the diversity of these ecosystems.},
Doi = {10.1111/1365-2745.12529},
Key = {fds322600}
}
@article{fds330341,
Author = {Smith, FA and Doughty, CE and Malhi, Y and Svenning, JC and Terborgh,
J},
Title = {Megafauna in the Earth system},
Journal = {Ecography},
Volume = {39},
Number = {2},
Pages = {99-108},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2016},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecog.02156},
Abstract = {Understanding the complex role of large-bodied mammals in
contemporary ecosystems and the likely consequences of their
continued decline is essential for effective management of
the remaining wild areas on Earth. The very largest animals
are in particular peril owing to a disastrous combination of
continued hunting or poaching, habitat alterations, and loss
of habitat. Because these threats are ongoing, conservation
biologists may not be able to wait for the results of
long-term studies before proposing potential mitigation
strategies. A recent conference on 'Megafauna and ecosystem
function: from the Pleistocene to the Anthropocene' at
Oxford Univ. brought together paleontologists, conservation
and environmental scientists and others who share an
interest in characterizing the influence of large animals on
ecosystems. Integrating historical perspectives of Late
Pleistocene ecosystems when large-bodied animals were still
widespread, with modern studies of areas with varying levels
of intact megafauna, the aim was to develop a more holistic
understanding of the consequences of the ongoing decline of
large-bodied animals around the Earth. The conference
resulted in the development of two special features - one in
the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA and
one in Ecography synthesizing the state of our knowledge
about the environmental legacies of the terminal Pleistocene
megafauna extinction, the complex role of modern
large-bodied animals and what the ongoing loss of their
ecological interactions might mean in terms of ecosystem
function. Here, we briefly review the main themes developed
during the conference and outline promising future research
directions.},
Doi = {10.1111/ecog.02156},
Key = {fds330341}
}
@article{fds322601,
Author = {Terborgh, J and Davenport, LC and Niangadouma, R and Dimoto, E and Mouandza, JC and Schultz, O and Jaen, MR},
Title = {The African rainforest: Odd man out or megafaunal landscape?
African and Amazonian forests compared},
Journal = {Ecography},
Volume = {39},
Number = {2},
Pages = {187-193},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2016},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecog.01643},
Abstract = {Africa has been called the 'odd man out' because the
hectare-scale tree diversity of African equatorial forests
is lower than that of forests in other parts of the tropics.
Low diversity has been attributed to the smaller area of the
African forest and a history of drought, fire and
contraction. Several facts shed doubt on this
interpretation. The current area of the central African
forest is roughly 2 million km2. Even during periods of
Pleistocene contraction, numerous moist refugia remained,
including 6 posited for Gabon, a country the size of the U.
S. state of Colorado. The gamma-diversity of Gabon is high,
implying higher alpha diversities. Finally, tree diversities
on small islands in the Solomons and Fiji archipelagos are
twice those prevalent in Gabonese forests, suggesting that
historical contractions may not have been sufficient to
reduce diversity to its current level. To place the African
situation in perspective, we compared tree stands in Gabon
and the Peruvian Amazon. Peruvian forests contained a mean
of 618 trees ≥ 10 cm dbh per ha vs 377 for Gabon, or 64%
more. Peruvian forests contained relatively more small trees
(≥ 10, <20 cm dbh) and many fewer large trees (≥ 20 cm
dbh) than Gabonese forests. These structural differences
were consistent across 10 Gabonese and 10 Peruvian sites and
transcended local gradients in climate and geology,
suggesting that they are intrinsic to the two continents.
Tree species diversity in Perú is concentrated in the small
tree class (≥ 10, <20 cm dbh), whereas it is highest in
the larger tree classes in Gabon. Alpha diversity is
apparently lower relative to gamma diversity in Africa than
it is in Amazonian Perú , implying higher beta diversity.
The densities of small plants (<1 m tall) are similar in
Gabonese and Peruvian forests; the observed structural
differences develop later at the sapling and small tree
stages. Explaining the low hectare-scale diversity of
African forests thus reduces to understanding why the
density and diversity of small trees is so anomalously
low.},
Doi = {10.1111/ecog.01643},
Key = {fds322601}
}
@article{fds322602,
Author = {Terborgh, J and Davenport, LC and Niangadouma, R and Dimoto, E and Mouandza, JC and Scholtz, O and Jaen, MR},
Title = {Megafaunal influences on tree recruitment in African
equatorial forests},
Journal = {Ecography},
Volume = {39},
Number = {2},
Pages = {180-186},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2016},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecog.01641},
Abstract = {The forests of central Africa are distinct from counterpart
forests in Amazonia by having fewer trees ≥ 10 cm dbh
ha-1, especially small trees < 20 cm dbh, and in having
sapling cohorts with less diversity than canopy trees. We
tested four hypotheses to investigate whether herbivory, in
particular, browsing by forest elephants, could be a factor
in these differences. We found that the density of small
saplings and diversity of large saplings were inversely
associated with local density of elephants. We then tested
the hypothesis that steep slopes might serve as refugia from
elephant foraging, but found that elephants routinely forage
on slopes with an inclination of less than ca 30 deg.
Nevertheless, the diversity of small trees (≥ 10 cm, < 20
cm dbh) was higher on slopes than on paired level-ground
sites. The incidence of break scars on saplings ≥ 2 cm dbh
and < 6 cm dbh was greater (107/100 stems) on level ground
than on slopes (77/100 stems), although high variability
precluded statistical significance. After correcting for
background breakage not caused by elephants, an estimated
71% of breaks on level ground and 43% of breaks on slopes
were attributable to elephants. Liana loads borne by trees
at different sites were highly variable and unrelated to
slope. Apparently, disturbances are more critical to liana
development than herbivory. Elephants, along with other
large mammals such as gorillas, duikers, red river hogs and
rodents, appear to act as powerful filters on the tree
recruitment process in African forests that still retain
intact megafaunal communities.},
Doi = {10.1111/ecog.01641},
Key = {fds322602}
}
@article{fds322603,
Author = {Malhi, Y and Doughty, CE and Galetti, M and Smith, FA and Svenning, J-C and Terborgh, JW},
Title = {Megafauna and ecosystem function from the Pleistocene to the
Anthropocene.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {113},
Number = {4},
Pages = {838-846},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1502540113},
Abstract = {Large herbivores and carnivores (the megafauna) have been in
a state of decline and extinction since the Late
Pleistocene, both on land and more recently in the oceans.
Much has been written on the timing and causes of these
declines, but only recently has scientific attention focused
on the consequences of these declines for ecosystem
function. Here, we review progress in our understanding of
how megafauna affect ecosystem physical and trophic
structure, species composition, biogeochemistry, and
climate, drawing on special features of PNAS and Ecography
that have been published as a result of an international
workshop on this topic held in Oxford in 2014. Insights
emerging from this work have consequences for our
understanding of changes in biosphere function since the
Late Pleistocene and of the functioning of contemporary
ecosystems, as well as offering a rationale and framework
for scientifically informed restoration of megafaunal
function where possible and appropriate.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1502540113},
Key = {fds322603}
}
@article{fds322604,
Author = {Svenning, J-C and Pedersen, PBM and Donlan, CJ and Ejrnæs, R and Faurby, S and Galetti, M and Hansen, DM and Sandel, B and Sandom, CJ and Terborgh, JW and Vera, FWM},
Title = {Science for a wilder Anthropocene: Synthesis and future
directions for trophic rewilding research.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {113},
Number = {4},
Pages = {898-906},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1502556112},
Abstract = {Trophic rewilding is an ecological restoration strategy that
uses species introductions to restore top-down trophic
interactions and associated trophic cascades to promote
self-regulating biodiverse ecosystems. Given the importance
of large animals in trophic cascades and their widespread
losses and resulting trophic downgrading, it often focuses
on restoring functional megafaunas. Trophic rewilding is
increasingly being implemented for conservation, but remains
controversial. Here, we provide a synthesis of its current
scientific basis, highlighting trophic cascades as the key
conceptual framework, discussing the main lessons learned
from ongoing rewilding projects, systematically reviewing
the current literature, and highlighting unintentional
rewilding and spontaneous wildlife comebacks as underused
sources of information. Together, these lines of evidence
show that trophic cascades may be restored via species
reintroductions and ecological replacements. It is clear,
however, that megafauna effects may be affected by poorly
understood trophic complexity effects and interactions with
landscape settings, human activities, and other factors.
Unfortunately, empirical research on trophic rewilding is
still rare, fragmented, and geographically biased, with the
literature dominated by essays and opinion pieces. We
highlight the need for applied programs to include
hypothesis testing and science-based monitoring, and outline
priorities for future research, notably assessing the role
of trophic complexity, interplay with landscape settings,
land use, and climate change, as well as developing the
global scope for rewilding and tools to optimize benefits
and reduce human-wildlife conflicts. Finally, we recommend
developing a decision framework for species selection,
building on functional and phylogenetic information and with
attention to the potential contribution from synthetic
biology.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1502556112},
Key = {fds322604}
}
@article{fds322605,
Author = {Svenning, J-C and Pedersen, PBM and Donlan, CJ and Ejrnæs, R and Faurby, S and Galetti, M and Hansen, DM and Sandel, B and Sandom, CJ and Terborgh, JW and Vera, FWM},
Title = {Reply to Rubenstein and Rubenstein: Time to move on from
ideological debates on rewilding.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {113},
Number = {1},
Pages = {E2-E3},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1521891113},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1521891113},
Key = {fds322605}
}
@article{fds330342,
Author = {Honorio Coronado and EN and Dexter, KG and Pennington, RT and Chave, J and Lewis, SL and Alexiades, MN and Alvarez, E and Alves de Oliveira and A and Amaral, IL and Araujo-Murakami, A and Arets, EJMM and Aymard, GA and Baraloto, C and Bonal, D and Brienen, R and Cerón, C and Cornejo
Valverde, F and Di Fiore and A and Farfan-Rios, W and Feldpausch, TR and Higuchi, N and Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I and Laurance, SG and Laurance, WF and López-Gonzalez, G and Marimon, BS and Marimon-Junior, BH and Monteagudo Mendoza and A and Neill, D and Palacios Cuenca and W and Peñuela Mora and MC and Pitman, NCA and Prieto,
A and Quesada, CA and Ramirez Angulo and H and Rudas, A and Ruschel, AR and Salinas Revilla and N and Salomão, RP and Segalin de Andrade and A and Silman, MR and Spironello, W and ter Steege, H and Terborgh, J and Toledo, M and Valenzuela Gamarra and L and Vieira, ICG and Vilanova
Torre, E and Vos, V and Phillips, OL},
Title = {Phylogenetic diversity of Amazonian tree
communities},
Journal = {Diversity and Distributions},
Volume = {21},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1295-1307},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Editor = {Fitzpatrick, MC},
Year = {2015},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12357},
Abstract = {Aim: To examine variation in the phylogenetic diversity (PD)
of tree communities across geographical and environmental
gradients in Amazonia. Location: Two hundred and
eighty-three c. 1 ha forest inventory plots from across
Amazonia. Methods: We evaluated PD as the total phylogenetic
branch length across species in each plot (PDss), the mean
pairwise phylogenetic distance between species (MPD), the
mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD) and their equivalents
standardized for species richness (ses.PDss, ses.MPD,
ses.MNTD). We compared PD of tree communities growing (1) on
substrates of varying geological age; and (2) in
environments with varying ecophysiological barriers to
growth and survival. Results: PDss is strongly positively
correlated with species richness (SR), whereas MNTD has a
negative correlation. Communities on geologically young- and
intermediate-aged substrates (western and central Amazonia
respectively) have the highest SR, and therefore the highest
PDss and the lowest MNTD. We find that the youngest and
oldest substrates (the latter on the Brazilian and Guiana
Shields) have the highest ses.PDss and ses.MNTD. MPD and
ses.MPD are strongly correlated with how evenly taxa are
distributed among the three principal angiosperm clades and
are both highest in western Amazonia. Meanwhile, seasonally
dry tropical forest (SDTF) and forests on white sands have
low PD, as evaluated by any metric. Main conclusions: High
ses.PDss and ses.MNTD reflect greater lineage diversity in
communities. We suggest that high ses.PDss and ses.MNTD in
western Amazonia results from its favourable,
easy-to-colonize environment, whereas high values in the
Brazilian and Guianan Shields may be due to accumulation of
lineages over a longer period of time. White-sand forests
and SDTF are dominated by close relatives from fewer
lineages, perhaps reflecting ecophysiological barriers that
are difficult to surmount evolutionarily. Because MPD and
ses.MPD do not reflect lineage diversity per se, we suggest
that PDss, ses.PDss and ses.MNTD may be the most useful
diversity metrics for setting large-scale conservation
priorities.},
Doi = {10.1111/ddi.12357},
Key = {fds330342}
}
@article{fds332895,
Author = {Ter Steege and H and Pitman, NCA and Killeen, TJ and Laurance, WF and Peres, CA and Guevara, JE and Salomão, RP and Castilho, CV and Amaral,
IL and de Almeida Matos and FD and de Souza Coelho and L and Magnusson, WE and Phillips, OL and de Andrade Lima Filho and D and de Jesus Veiga
Carim and M and Irume, MV and Martins, MP and Molino, J-F and Sabatier, D and Wittmann, F and López, DC and da Silva Guimarães, JR and Mendoza,
AM and Vargas, PN and Manzatto, AG and Reis, NFC and Terborgh, J and Casula, KR and Montero, JC and Feldpausch, TR and Honorio Coronado,
EN and Montoya, AJD and Zartman, CE and Mostacedo, B and Vasquez, R and Assis, RL and Medeiros, MB and Simon, MF and Andrade, A and Camargo, JL and Laurance, SGW and Nascimento, HEM and Marimon, BS and Marimon, B-H and Costa, F and Targhetta, N and Vieira, ICG and Brienen, R and Castellanos, H and Duivenvoorden, JF and Mogollón, HF and Piedade,
MTF and Aymard C and GA and Comiskey, JA and Damasco, G and Dávila, N and García-Villacorta, R and Diaz, PRS and Vincentini, A and Emilio, T and Levis, C and Schietti, J and Souza, P and Alonso, A and Dallmeier, F and Ferreira, LV and Neill, D and Araujo-Murakami, A and Arroyo, L and Carvalho, FA and Souza, FC and do Amaral, DD and Gribel, R and Luize,
BG and Pansonato, MP and Venticinque, E and Fine, P and Toledo, M and Baraloto, C and Cerón, C and Engel, J and Henkel, TW and Jimenez, EM and Maas, P and Mora, MCP and Petronelli, P and Revilla, JDC and Silveira,
M and Stropp, J and Thomas-Caesar, R and Baker, TR and Daly, D and Paredes,
MR and da Silva, NF and Fuentes, A and Jørgensen, PM and Schöngart, J and Silman, MR and Arboleda, NC and Cintra, BBL and Valverde, FC and Di
Fiore, A and Phillips, JF and van Andel, TR and von Hildebrand, P and Barbosa, EM and de Matos Bonates and LC and de Castro, D and de Sousa
Farias, E and Gonzales, T and Guillaumet, J-L and Hoffman, B and Malhi,
Y and de Andrade Miranda and IP and Prieto, A and Rudas, A and Ruschell,
AR and Silva, N and Vela, CIA and Vos, VA and Zent, EL and Zent, S and Cano,
A and Nascimento, MT and Oliveira, AA and Ramirez-Angulo, H and Ramos,
JF and Sierra, R and Tirado, M and Medina, MNU and van der Heijden, G and Torre, EV and Vriesendorp, C and Wang, O and Young, KR and Baider, C and Balslev, H and de Castro, N and Farfan-Rios, W and Ferreira, C and Mendoza, C and Mesones, I and Torres-Lezama, A and Giraldo, LEU and Villarroel, D and Zagt, R and Alexiades, MN and Garcia-Cabrera, K and Hernandez, L and Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I and Milliken, W and Cuenca,
WP and Pansini, S and Pauletto, D and Arevalo, FR and Sampaio, AF and Valderrama Sandoval and EH and Gamarra, LV},
Title = {Estimating the global conservation status of more than
15,000 Amazonian tree species.},
Journal = {Science Advances},
Volume = {1},
Number = {10},
Pages = {e1500936},
Year = {2015},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500936},
Abstract = {Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal
species are rare and not often incorporated into land-use
policy and conservation planning. We overlay spatial
distribution models with historical and projected
deforestation to show that at least 36% and up to 57% of all
Amazonian tree species are likely to qualify as globally
threatened under International Union for Conservation of
Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results
would increase the number of threatened plant species on
Earth by 22%. We show that the trends observed in Amazonia
apply to trees throughout the tropics, and we predict that
most of the world's >40,000 tropical tree species now
qualify as globally threatened. A gap analysis suggests that
existing Amazonian protected areas and indigenous
territories will protect viable populations of most
threatened species if these areas suffer no further
degradation, highlighting the key roles that protected
areas, indigenous peoples, and improved governance can play
in preventing large-scale extinctions in the tropics in this
century.},
Doi = {10.1126/sciadv.1500936},
Key = {fds332895}
}
@article{fds322606,
Author = {Terborgh, JW},
Title = {Toward a trophic theory of species diversity.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {112},
Number = {37},
Pages = {11415-11422},
Year = {2015},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1501070112},
Abstract = {Efforts to understand the ecological regulation of species
diversity via bottom-up approaches have failed to yield a
consensus theory. Theories based on the alternative of
top-down regulation have fared better. Paine's discovery of
keystone predation demonstrated that the regulation of
diversity via top-down forcing could be simple, strong, and
direct, yet ecologists have persistently failed to perceive
generality in Paine's result. Removing top predators
destabilizes many systems and drives transitions to
radically distinct alternative states. These transitions
typically involve community reorganization and loss of
diversity, implying that top-down forcing is crucial to
diversity maintenance. Contrary to the expectations of
bottom-up theories, many terrestrial herbivores and
mesopredators are capable of sustained order-of-magnitude
population increases following release from predation,
negating the assumption that populations of primary
consumers are resource limited and at or near carrying
capacity. Predation sensu lato (to include Janzen-Connell
mortality agents) has been shown to promote diversity in a
wide range of ecosystems, including rocky intertidal
shelves, coral reefs, the nearshore ocean, streams, lakes,
temperate and tropical forests, and arctic tundra. The
compelling variety of these ecosystems suggests that
top-down forcing plays a universal role in regulating
diversity. This conclusion is further supported by studies
showing that the reduction or absence of predation leads to
diversity loss and, in the more dramatic cases, to
catastrophic regime change. Here, I expand on the thesis
that diversity is maintained by the interaction between
predation and competition, such that strong top-down forcing
reduces competition, allowing coexistence.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1501070112},
Key = {fds322606}
}
@article{fds322608,
Author = {Terborgh, J},
Title = {Foreword},
Pages = {xi-xvii},
Publisher = {Island Press/Center for Resource Economics},
Year = {2015},
Month = {July},
ISBN = {9781610915489},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-551-9},
Doi = {10.5822/978-1-61091-551-9},
Key = {fds322608}
}
@article{fds332896,
Author = {Ripple, WJ and Newsome, TM and Wolf, C and Dirzo, R and Everatt, KT and Galetti, M and Hayward, MW and Kerley, GIH and Levi, T and Lindsey, PA and Macdonald, DW and Malhi, Y and Painter, LE and Sandom, CJ and Terborgh,
J and Van Valkenburgh and B},
Title = {Collapse of the world's largest herbivores.},
Journal = {Science Advances},
Volume = {1},
Number = {4},
Pages = {e1400103},
Publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science
(AAAS)},
Year = {2015},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1400103},
Abstract = {Large wild herbivores are crucial to ecosystems and human
societies. We highlight the 74 largest terrestrial herbivore
species on Earth (body mass ≥100 kg), the threats they
face, their important and often overlooked ecosystem
effects, and the conservation efforts needed to save them
and their predators from extinction. Large herbivores are
generally facing dramatic population declines and range
contractions, such that ~60% are threatened with extinction.
Nearly all threatened species are in developing countries,
where major threats include hunting, land-use change, and
resource depression by livestock. Loss of large herbivores
can have cascading effects on other species including large
carnivores, scavengers, mesoherbivores, small mammals, and
ecological processes involving vegetation, hydrology,
nutrient cycling, and fire regimes. The rate of large
herbivore decline suggests that ever-larger swaths of the
world will soon lack many of the vital ecological services
these animals provide, resulting in enormous ecological and
social costs.},
Doi = {10.1126/sciadv.1400103},
Key = {fds332896}
}
@article{fds322609,
Author = {Fauset, S and Johnson, MO and Gloor, M and Baker, TR and Monteagudo M,
A and Brienen, RJW and Feldpausch, TR and Lopez-Gonzalez, G and Malhi,
Y and ter Steege, H and Pitman, NCA and Baraloto, C and Engel, J and Pétronelli, P and Andrade, A and Camargo, JLC and Laurance, SGW and Laurance, WF and Chave, J and Allie, E and Vargas, PN and Terborgh, JW and Ruokolainen, K and Silveira, M and Aymard C and GA and Arroyo, L and Bonal,
D and Ramirez-Angulo, H and Araujo-Murakami, A and Neill, D and Hérault, B and Dourdain, A and Torres-Lezama, A and Marimon, BS and Salomão, RP and Comiskey, JA and Réjou-Méchain, M and Toledo, M and Licona, JC and Alarcón, A and Prieto, A and Rudas, A and van der Meer,
PJ and Killeen, TJ and Marimon Junior and B-H and Poorter, L and Boot, RGA and Stergios, B and Torre, EV and Costa, FRC and Levis, C and Schietti, J and Souza, P and Groot, N and Arets, E and Moscoso, VC and Castro, W and Coronado, ENH and Peña-Claros, M and Stahl, C and Barroso, J and Talbot, J and Vieira, ICG and van der Heijden, G and Thomas, R and Vos,
VA and Almeida, EC and Davila, EÁ and Aragão, LEOC and Erwin, TL and Morandi, PS and de Oliveira, EA and Valadão, MBX and Zagt, RJ and van
der Hout, P and Loayza, PA and Pipoly, JJ and Wang, O and Alexiades, M and Cerón, CE and Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I and Di Fiore and A and Peacock,
J and Camacho, NCP and Umetsu, RK and de Camargo, PB and Burnham, RJ and Herrera, R and Quesada, CA and Stropp, J and Vieira, SA and Steininger,
M and Rodríguez, CR and Restrepo, Z and Muelbert, AE and Lewis, SL and Pickavance, GC and Phillips, OL},
Title = {Hyperdominance in Amazonian forest carbon
cycling.},
Journal = {Nature Communications},
Volume = {6},
Pages = {6857},
Year = {2015},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7857},
Abstract = {While Amazonian forests are extraordinarily diverse, the
abundance of trees is skewed strongly towards relatively few
'hyperdominant' species. In addition to their diversity,
Amazonian trees are a key component of the global carbon
cycle, assimilating and storing more carbon than any other
ecosystem on Earth. Here we ask, using a unique data set of
530 forest plots, if the functions of storing and producing
woody carbon are concentrated in a small number of tree
species, whether the most abundant species also dominate
carbon cycling, and whether dominant species are
characterized by specific functional traits. We find that
dominance of forest function is even more concentrated in a
few species than is dominance of tree abundance, with only
≈1% of Amazon tree species responsible for 50% of carbon
storage and productivity. Although those species that
contribute most to biomass and productivity are often
abundant, species maximum size is also influential, while
the identity and ranking of dominant species varies by
function and by region.},
Doi = {10.1038/ncomms7857},
Key = {fds322609}
}
@article{fds322607,
Author = {Brienen, RJW and Phillips, OL and Feldpausch, TR and Gloor, E and Baker,
TR and Lloyd, J and Lopez-Gonzalez, G and Monteagudo-Mendoza, A and Malhi, Y and Lewis, SL and Vásquez Martinez and R and Alexiades, M and Álvarez Dávila, E and Alvarez-Loayza, P and Andrade, A and Aragão,
LEOC and Araujo-Murakami, A and Arets, EJMM and Arroyo, L and Aymard C,
GA and Bánki, OS and Baraloto, C and Barroso, J and Bonal, D and Boot,
RGA and Camargo, JLC and Castilho, CV and Chama, V and Chao, KJ and Chave,
J and Comiskey, JA and Cornejo Valverde and F and da Costa, L and de
Oliveira, EA and Di Fiore and A and Erwin, TL and Fauset, S and Forsthofer,
M and Galbraith, DR and Grahame, ES and Groot, N and Hérault, B and Higuchi, N and Honorio Coronado and EN and Keeling, H and Killeen, TJ and Laurance, WF and Laurance, S and Licona, J and Magnussen, WE and Marimon, BS and Marimon-Junior, BH and Mendoza, C and Neill, DA and Nogueira, EM and Núñez, P and Pallqui Camacho and NC and Parada, A and Pardo-Molina, G and Peacock, J and Peña-Claros, M and Pickavance,
GC and Pitman, NCA and Poorter, L and Prieto, A and Quesada, CA and Ramírez, F and Ramírez-Angulo, H and Restrepo, Z and Roopsind, A and Rudas, A and Salomão, RP and Schwarz, M and Silva, N and Silva-Espejo,
JE and Silveira, M and Stropp, J and Talbot, J and ter Steege, H and Teran-Aguilar, J and Terborgh, J and Thomas-Caesar, R and Toledo, M and Torello-Raventos, M and Umetsu, RK and van der Heijden, GMF and van
der Hout, P and Guimarães Vieira and IC and Vieira, SA and Vilanova, E and Vos, VA and Zagt, RJ},
Title = {Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {519},
Number = {7543},
Pages = {344-348},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature14283},
Abstract = {Atmospheric carbon dioxide records indicate that the land
surface has acted as a strong global carbon sink over recent
decades, with a substantial fraction of this sink probably
located in the tropics, particularly in the Amazon.
Nevertheless, it is unclear how the terrestrial carbon sink
will evolve as climate and atmospheric composition continue
to change. Here we analyse the historical evolution of the
biomass dynamics of the Amazon rainforest over three decades
using a distributed network of 321 plots. While this
analysis confirms that Amazon forests have acted as a
long-term net biomass sink, we find a long-term decreasing
trend of carbon accumulation. Rates of net increase in
above-ground biomass declined by one-third during the past
decade compared to the 1990s. This is a consequence of
growth rate increases levelling off recently, while biomass
mortality persistently increased throughout, leading to a
shortening of carbon residence times. Potential drivers for
the mortality increase include greater climate variability,
and feedbacks of faster growth on mortality, resulting in
shortened tree longevity. The observed decline of the Amazon
sink diverges markedly from the recent increase in
terrestrial carbon uptake at the global scale, and is
contrary to expectations based on models.},
Doi = {10.1038/nature14283},
Key = {fds322607}
}
@article{fds322610,
Author = {Miller, B and Soulé, ME and Terborgh, J},
Title = {'New conservation' or surrender to development?},
Journal = {Animal Conservation},
Volume = {17},
Number = {6},
Pages = {509-515},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2014},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acv.12127},
Doi = {10.1111/acv.12127},
Key = {fds322610}
}
@article{fds260387,
Author = {Mitchard, ETA and Feldpausch, TR and Brienen, RJW and Lopez-Gonzalez,
G and Monteagudo, A and Baker, TR and Lewis, SL and Lloyd, J and Quesada,
CA and Gloor, M and Ter Steege and H and Meir, P and Alvarez, E and Araujo-Murakami, A and Aragão, LEOC and Arroyo, L and Aymard, G and Banki, O and Bonal, D and Brown, S and Brown, FI and Cerón, CE and Chama
Moscoso, V and Chave, J and Comiskey, JA and Cornejo, F and Corrales
Medina, M and Da Costa and L and Costa, FRC and Di Fiore and A and Domingues,
TF and Erwin, TL and Frederickson, T and Higuchi, N and Honorio
Coronado, EN and Killeen, TJ and Laurance, WF and Levis, C and Magnusson, WE and Marimon, BS and Marimon Junior and BH and Mendoza
Polo, I and Mishra, P and Nascimento, MT and Neill, D and Núñez
Vargas, MP and Palacios, WA and Parada, A and Pardo Molina and G and Peña-Claros, M and Pitman, N and Peres, CA and Poorter, L and Prieto,
A and Ramirez-Angulo, H and Restrepo Correa and Z and Roopsind, A and Roucoux, KH and Rudas, A and Salomão, RP and Schietti, J and Silveira,
M and de Souza, PF and Steininger, MK and Stropp, J and Terborgh, J and Thomas, R and Toledo, M and Torres-Lezama, A and van Andel, TR and van
der Heijden, GMF and Vieira, ICG and Vieira, S and Vilanova-Torre, E and Vos, VA and Wang, O and Zartman, CE and Malhi, Y and Phillips,
OL},
Title = {Markedly divergent estimates of Amazon forest carbon density
from ground plots and satellites.},
Journal = {Global Ecology and Biogeography},
Volume = {23},
Number = {8},
Pages = {935-946},
Year = {2014},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {1466-822X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geb.12168},
Abstract = {<h4>Aim</h4>The accurate mapping of forest carbon stocks is
essential for understanding the global carbon cycle, for
assessing emissions from deforestation, and for rational
land-use planning. Remote sensing (RS) is currently the key
tool for this purpose, but RS does not estimate vegetation
biomass directly, and thus may miss significant spatial
variations in forest structure. We test the stated accuracy
of pantropical carbon maps using a large independent field
dataset.<h4>Location</h4>Tropical forests of the Amazon
basin. The permanent archive of the field plot data can be
accessed at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5521/FORESTPLOTS.NET/2014_1.<h4>Methods</h4>Two
recent pantropical RS maps of vegetation carbon are compared
to a unique ground-plot dataset, involving tree measurements
in 413 large inventory plots located in nine countries. The
RS maps were compared directly to field plots, and kriging
of the field data was used to allow area-based
comparisons.<h4>Results</h4>The two RS carbon maps fail to
capture the main gradient in Amazon forest carbon detected
using 413 ground plots, from the densely wooded tall forests
of the north-east, to the light-wooded, shorter forests of
the south-west. The differences between plots and RS maps
far exceed the uncertainties given in these studies, with
whole regions over- or under-estimated by > 25%, whereas
regional uncertainties for the maps were reported to be
< 5%.<h4>Main conclusions</h4>Pantropical biomass maps are
widely used by governments and by projects aiming to reduce
deforestation using carbon offsets, but may have significant
regional biases. Carbon-mapping techniques must be revised
to account for the known ecological variation in tree wood
density and allometry to create maps suitable for carbon
accounting. The use of single relationships between tree
canopy height and above-ground biomass inevitably yields
large, spatially correlated errors. This presents a
significant challenge to both the forest conservation and
remote sensing communities, because neither wood density nor
species assemblages can be reliably mapped from
space.},
Doi = {10.1111/geb.12168},
Key = {fds260387}
}
@article{fds260392,
Author = {Baker, TR and Pennington, RT and Magallon, S and Gloor, E and Laurance,
WF and Alexiades, M and Alvarez, E and Araujo, A and Arets, EJMM and Aymard, G and de Oliveira, AA and Amaral, I and Arroyo, L and Bonal, D and Brienen, RJW and Chave, J and Dexter, KG and Di Fiore and A and Eler, E and Feldpausch, TR and Ferreira, L and Lopez-Gonzalez, G and van der
Heijden, G and Higuchi, N and Honorio, E and Huamantupa, I and Killeen,
TJ and Laurance, S and Leaño, C and Lewis, SL and Malhi, Y and Marimon,
BS and Marimon Junior and BH and Monteagudo Mendoza and A and Neill, D and Peñuela-Mora, MC and Pitman, N and Prieto, A and Quesada, CA and Ramírez, F and Ramírez Angulo and H and Rudas, A and Ruschel, AR and Salomão, RP and de Andrade, AS and Silva, JNM and Silveira, M and Simon, MF and Spironello, W and ter Steege, H and Terborgh, J and Toledo, M and Torres-Lezama, A and Vasquez, R and Vieira, ICG and Vilanova, E and Vos, VA and Phillips, OL},
Title = {Fast demographic traits promote high diversification rates
of Amazonian trees.},
Journal = {Ecology Letters},
Volume = {17},
Number = {5},
Pages = {527-536},
Editor = {Wiens, J},
Year = {2014},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1461-023X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12252},
Abstract = {The Amazon rain forest sustains the world's highest tree
diversity, but it remains unclear why some clades of trees
are hyperdiverse, whereas others are not. Using dated
phylogenies, estimates of current species richness and trait
and demographic data from a large network of forest plots,
we show that fast demographic traits--short turnover
times--are associated with high diversification rates across
51 clades of canopy trees. This relationship is robust to
assuming that diversification rates are either constant or
decline over time, and occurs in a wide range of Neotropical
tree lineages. This finding reveals the crucial role of
intrinsic, ecological variation among clades for
understanding the origin of the remarkable diversity of
Amazonian trees and forests.},
Doi = {10.1111/ele.12252},
Key = {fds260392}
}
@article{fds260388,
Author = {Terborgh, J and Zhu, K and Alvarez-Loayza, P and Cornejo Valverde,
F},
Title = {How many seeds does it take to make a sapling?},
Journal = {Ecology},
Volume = {95},
Number = {4},
Pages = {991-999},
Year = {2014},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0012-9658},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/13-0764.1},
Abstract = {Tall canopy trees produce many more seeds than do understory
treelets, yet, on average, both classes of trees achieve the
same lifetime fitness. Using concurrent data on seedfall (8
years) and sapling recruitment (12 years) from a
long-established tree plot at the Cocha Cashu Biological
Station in Peru, we show that a 40-m canopy tree must
produce roughly 13 times the mass of seeds to generate a
sapling as a 5-m understory treelet. Mature tree height
accounted for 41% of the variance in seed mass per sapling
recruit in a simple univariate regression, whereas a
multivariate model that included both intrinsic (seed mass,
tree height, and dispersal mode) and extrinsic factors
(sapling mortality as a surrogate for microsite quality)
explained only 31% of the variance in number of seeds per
sapling recruit. The multivariate model accounted for less
variance because tall trees produce heavier seeds, on
average, than treelets. We used "intact" (mostly dispersed)
seeds to parameterize the response variable so as to reduce,
if not eliminate, any contribution of conspecific crowding
to the difference in reproductive efficiency between canopy
trees and treelets. Accordingly, a test for negative density
dependence failed to expose a relationship between density
of reproductive trees in the population and reproductive
efficiency (seed mass per recruit). We conclude that
understory treelets, some of which produce only a dozen
seeds a year, gain their per-seed advantage by failing to
attract enemies à la Janzen-Connell, either in ecological
or evolutionary time.},
Doi = {10.1890/13-0764.1},
Key = {fds260388}
}
@article{fds260386,
Author = {Pitman, NCA and Andino, JEG and Aulestia, M and Cerón, CE and Neill,
DA and Palacios, W and Rivas-Torres, G and Silman, MR and Terborgh,
JW},
Title = {Distribution and abundance of tree species in swamp forests
of Amazonian ecuador},
Journal = {Ecography},
Volume = {37},
Number = {9},
Pages = {902-915},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0906-7590},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecog.00774},
Abstract = {Research to date on Amazonian swamps has reinforced the
impression that tree communities there are dominated by a
small, morphologically specialized subset of the regional
flora capable of surviving physiologically challenging
conditions. In this paper, using data from a large-scale
tree inventory in upland, floodplain, and mixed palm swamp
forests in Amazonian Ecuador, we report that tree
communities growing on well-drained and saturated soils are
more similar than previously appreciated. While our data
support the traditional view of Amazonian swamp forests as
low-diversity tree communities dominated by palms, they also
reveal four patterns that have not been well documented in
the literature to date: 1) tree communities in these swamp
forests are dominated by a phylogenetically diverse
oligarchy of 30 frequent and common species; 2) swamp
specialists account for < 10% of species and a minority of
stems; 3) most tree species recorded in swamps (> 80%) also
occur in adjacent well-drained forest types; and 4) many
tree species present in swamps are common in well-drained
forests (e.g. upland oligarchs account for 34.1% of all
swamp stems). These observations imply that, as in the
temperate zone, the composition and structure of Amazonian
swamp vegetation are determined by a combination of
local-scale environmental filters (e.g. plant survival in
permanently saturated soils) and landscape-scale patterns
and processes (e.g. the composition and structure of tree
communities in adjacent non-swamp habitats, the dispersal of
propagules from those habitats to swamps). We conclude with
suggestions for further research to quantify the relative
contributions of these factors in structuring tree
communities in Amazonian swamps. © 2014 The
Authors.},
Doi = {10.1111/ecog.00774},
Key = {fds260386}
}
@article{fds260390,
Author = {Orihuela, G and Terborgh, J and Ceballos, N and Glander,
K},
Title = {When top-down becomes bottom up: behaviour of hyperdense
howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) trapped on a 0.6 ha
island.},
Journal = {Plos One},
Volume = {9},
Number = {4},
Pages = {e82197},
Editor = {Nascimento, FS},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0082197},
Abstract = {Predators are a ubiquitous presence in most natural
environments. Opportunities to contrast the behaviour of a
species in the presence and absence of predators are thus
rare. Here we report on the behaviour of howler monkey
groups living under radically different conditions on two
land-bridge islands in Lago Guri, Venezuela. One group of 6
adults inhabited a 190-ha island (Danto) where they were
exposed to multiple potential predators. This group, the
control, occupied a home range of 23 ha and contested access
to food resources with neighbouring groups in typical
fashion. The second group, containing 6 adults, was isolated
on a remote, predator-free 0.6 ha islet (Iguana) offering
limited food resources. Howlers living on the large island
moved, fed and rested in a coherent group, frequently
engaged in affiliative activities, rarely displayed
agonistic behaviour and maintained intergroup spacing
through howling. In contrast, the howlers on Iguana showed
repulsion, as individuals spent most of their time spaced
widely around the perimeter of the island. Iguana howlers
rarely engaged in affiliative behaviour, often chased or
fought with one another and were not observed to howl. These
behaviors are interpreted as adjustments to the unrelenting
deprivation associated with bottom-up limitation in a
predator-free environment.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0082197},
Key = {fds260390}
}
@article{fds260391,
Author = {Diaz-Martin, Z and Swamy, V and Terborgh, J and Alvarez-Loayza, P and Cornejo, F},
Title = {Identifying keystone plant resources in an Amazonian forest
using a long-term fruit-fall record},
Journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
Volume = {30},
Number = {4},
Pages = {291-301},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0266-4674},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0266467414000248},
Abstract = {The keystone plant resources (KPR) concept describes certain
plant species in tropical forests as vital to community
stability and diversity because they provide food resources
to vertebrate consumers during the season of scarcity. Here,
we use an 8-y, continuous record of fruit fall from a
1.44-ha mature forest stand to identify potential KPRs in a
lowland western Amazonian rain forest. KPRs were identified
based on four criteria: temporal non-redundancy;
year-to-year reliability; abundance of reproductive-size
individuals and inferred fruit crop size; and the variety of
vertebrate consumers utilizing their fruit. Overall, seven
species were considered excellent KPRs: two of these belong
to the genus Ficus, confirming that this taxon is a KPR as
previously suggested. Celtis iguanaea (Cannabaceae) - a
canopy liana - has also been previously classified as a KPR;
in addition, Pseudomalmea diclina (Annonaceae), Cissus
ulmifolia (Vitaceae), Allophylus glabratus (Sapindaceae) and
Trichilia elegans (Meliaceae) are newly identified KPRs. Our
results confirm that a very small fraction (<5%) of the
plant community consistently provides fruit for a broad set
of consumers during the period of resource scarcity, which
has significant implications for the conservation and
management of Amazonian forests. Copyright © Cambridge
University Press 2014.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0266467414000248},
Key = {fds260391}
}
@article{fds260394,
Author = {Emilio, T and Quesada, CA and Costa, FRC and Magnusson, WE and Schietti,
J and Feldpausch, TR and Brienen, RJW and Baker, TR and Chave, J and Álvarez, E and Araújo, A and Bánki, O and Castilho, CV and Honorio C,
EN and Killeen, TJ and Malhi, Y and Oblitas Mendoza and EM and Monteagudo,
A and Neill, D and Alexander Parada and G and Peña-Cruz, A and Ramirez-Angulo, H and Schwarz, M and Silveira, M and ter Steege, H and Terborgh, JW and Thomas, R and Torres-Lezama, A and Vilanova, E and Phillips, OL},
Title = {Soil physical conditions limit palm and tree basal area in
Amazonian forests},
Journal = {Plant Ecology & Diversity},
Volume = {7},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {215-229},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1755-0874},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2013.772257},
Abstract = {Background: Trees and arborescent palms adopt different
rooting strategies and responses to physical limitations
imposed by soil structure, depth and anoxia. However, the
implications of these differences for understanding
variation in the relative abundance of these groups have not
been explored. Aims: We analysed the relationship between
soil physical constraints and tree and palm basal area to
understand how the physical properties of soil are directly
or indirectly related to the structure and physiognomy of
lowland Amazonian forests. Methods: We analysed inventory
data from 74 forest plots across Amazonia, from the RAINFOR
and PPBio networks for which basal area, stand turnover
rates and soil data were available. We related patterns of
basal area to environmental variables in ordinary least
squares and quantile regression models. Results: Soil
physical properties predicted the upper limit for basal area
of both trees and palms. This relationship was direct for
palms but mediated by forest turnover rates for trees. Soil
physical constraints alone explained up to 24% of palm basal
area and, together with rainfall, up to 18% of tree basal
area. Tree basal area was greatest in forests with lower
turnover rates on well-structured soils, while palm basal
area was high in weakly structured soils. Conclusions: Our
results show that palms and trees are associated with
different soil physical conditions. We suggest that
adaptations of these life-forms drive their responses to
soil structure, and thus shape the overall forest
physiognomy of Amazonian forest vegetation. © 2014
Copyright 2013 Botanical Society of Scotland and Taylor &
Francis.},
Doi = {10.1080/17550874.2013.772257},
Key = {fds260394}
}
@article{fds260389,
Author = {Baker, TR and Pennington, RT and Magallon, S and Gloor, E and Laurance,
WF and Alexiades, M and Alvarez, E and Araujo, A and Arets, EJMM and Aymard, G and Oliveira, AAD and Amaral, I and Arroyo, L and Bonal, D and Brienen, RJW and Chave, J and Dexter, KG and Fiore, AD and Eler, E and Feldpausch, TR and Ferreira, L and Lopez-Gonzalez, G and Heijden,
GVD and Higuchi, N and Honorio, E and Huamantupa, I and Killeen, TJ and Laurance, S and Leaño, C and Lewis, SL and Malhi, Y and Marimon, BS and Junior, BHM and Mendoza, AM and Neill, D and Peñuela-Mora, MC and Pitman, N and Prieto, A and Quesada, CA and Ramírez, F and Angulo, HR and Rudas, A and Ruschel, AR and Salomão, RP and Andrade, ASD and Silva,
JNM and Silveira, M and Simon, MF and Spironello, W and Steege, HT and Terborgh, J and Toledo, M and Torres-Lezama, A and Vasquez, R and Vieira, ICG and Vilanova, E and Vos, VA and Phillips,
OL},
Title = {Fast demographic traits promote high diversification rates
of Amazonian trees},
Journal = {Ecology Letters},
Volume = {17},
Number = {5},
Pages = {527-536},
Year = {2014},
ISSN = {1461-023X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12252},
Abstract = {The Amazon rain forest sustains the world's highest tree
diversity, but it remains unclear why some clades of trees
are hyperdiverse, whereas others are not. Using dated
phylogenies, estimates of current species richness and trait
and demographic data from a large network of forest plots,
we show that fast demographic traits - short turnover times
- are associated with high diversification rates across 51
clades of canopy trees. This relationship is robust to
assuming that diversification rates are either constant or
decline over time, and occurs in a wide range of Neotropical
tree lineages. This finding reveals the crucial role of
intrinsic, ecological variation among clades for
understanding the origin of the remarkable diversity of
Amazonian trees and forests. © 2014 The Authors. Ecology
Letters published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd and
CNRS.},
Doi = {10.1111/ele.12252},
Key = {fds260389}
}
@article{fds260393,
Author = {Pitman, NCA and Andino, JEG and Aulestia, M and Cerón, CE and Neill,
DA and Palacios, W and Rivas-Torres, G and Silman, MR and Terborgh,
JW},
Title = {Distribution and abundance of tree species in swamp forests
of Amazonian Ecuador},
Journal = {Ecography},
Volume = {37},
Number = {9},
Pages = {902-915},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2014},
ISSN = {0906-7590},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecog.00774},
Doi = {10.1111/ecog.00774},
Key = {fds260393}
}
@article{fds260395,
Author = {ter Steege, H and Pitman, NCA and Sabatier, D and Baraloto, C and Salomão, RP and Guevara, JE and Phillips, OL and Castilho, CV and Magnusson, WE and Molino, J-F and Monteagudo, A and Núñez Vargas,
P and Montero, JC and Feldpausch, TR and Coronado, ENH and Killeen, TJ and Mostacedo, B and Vasquez, R and Assis, RL and Terborgh, J and Wittmann,
F and Andrade, A and Laurance, WF and Laurance, SGW and Marimon, BS and Marimon, B-H and Guimarães Vieira and IC and Amaral, IL and Brienen, R and Castellanos, H and Cárdenas López and D and Duivenvoorden, JF and Mogollón, HF and Matos, FDDA and Dávila, N and García-Villacorta,
R and Stevenson Diaz and PR and Costa, F and Emilio, T and Levis, C and Schietti, J and Souza, P and Alonso, A and Dallmeier, F and Montoya,
AJD and Fernandez Piedade and MT and Araujo-Murakami, A and Arroyo, L and Gribel, R and Fine, PVA and Peres, CA and Toledo, M and Aymard C and GA and Baker, TR and Cerón, C and Engel, J and Henkel, TW and Maas, P and Petronelli, P and Stropp, J and Zartman, CE and Daly, D and Neill, D and Silveira, M and Paredes, MR and Chave, J and Lima Filho and DDA and Jørgensen, PM and Fuentes, A and Schöngart, J and Cornejo Valverde,
F and Di Fiore and A and Jimenez, EM and Peñuela Mora and MC and Phillips,
JF and Rivas, G and van Andel, TR and von Hildebrand, P and Hoffman, B and Zent, EL and Malhi, Y and Prieto, A and Rudas, A and Ruschell, AR and Silva, N and Vos, V and Zent, S and Oliveira, AA and Schutz, AC and Gonzales, T and Trindade Nascimento and M and Ramirez-Angulo, H and Sierra, R and Tirado, M and Umaña Medina and MN and van der Heijden, G and Vela, CIA and Vilanova Torre and E and Vriesendorp, C and Wang, O and Young, KR and Baider, C and Balslev, H and Ferreira, C and Mesones, I and Torres-Lezama, A and Urrego Giraldo and LE and Zagt, R and Alexiades,
MN and Hernandez, L and Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I and Milliken, W and Palacios Cuenca and W and Pauletto, D and Valderrama Sandoval and E and Valenzuela Gamarra and L and Dexter, KG and Feeley, K and Lopez-Gonzalez, G and Silman, MR},
Title = {Hyperdominance in the Amazonian tree flora.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {342},
Number = {6156},
Pages = {1243092},
Year = {2013},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1243092},
Abstract = {The vast extent of the Amazon Basin has historically
restricted the study of its tree communities to the local
and regional scales. Here, we provide empirical data on the
commonness, rarity, and richness of lowland tree species
across the entire Amazon Basin and Guiana Shield (Amazonia),
collected in 1170 tree plots in all major forest types.
Extrapolations suggest that Amazonia harbors roughly 16,000
tree species, of which just 227 (1.4%) account for half of
all trees. Most of these are habitat specialists and only
dominant in one or two regions of the basin. We discuss some
implications of the finding that a small group of
species--less diverse than the North American tree
flora--accounts for half of the world's most diverse tree
community.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1243092},
Key = {fds260395}
}
@article{fds260402,
Author = {Terborgh, J},
Title = {Using Janzen-Connell to predict the consequences of
defaunation and other disturbances of tropical
forests},
Journal = {Biological Conservation},
Volume = {163},
Pages = {7-12},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2013},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0006-3207},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.01.015},
Abstract = {The Janzen-Connell (J-C) model of tropical tree recruitment
and diversity has come of age and can now be applied to
predict the consequences of defaunation and other
disturbances. J-C describes a process of recruitment at a
distance that results from spatially varying rates of seed
dispersal and subsequent survival. The per-capita success of
seeds is low under reproductive conspecifics where
propagules are killed by host restricted enemies (seed
predators, herbivores and pathogens). Undispersed seeds
consequently experience negligible success, whereas
dispersed seeds benefit from escape from enemies. At our
site in Amazonian Perú, a scant rain of dispersed seeds
(<1/m2-yr for common species) gives rise to a low density of
seedlings (ca. 5m2), suggesting that intracohort
interactions (density dependence, competition) are weak.
Defaunation and other disturbances distort or curtail the
vital processes of dispersal and propagule survival. Seed
dispersal is most vulnerable to hunting and other
disturbances because it is disproportionately carried out by
large-bodied birds and mammals that are selectively
harvested by hunters or that disappear from fragments.
Reduced dispersal leads more or less directly to reduced
recruitment. In contrast, compensatory adjustments to
missing seed predators appear to be common. Thus the escape
process of J-C is more resilient to distortions in the large
vertebrate community than is seed dispersal. These
principles appear to be robust and can be employed to
predict the consequences of defaunation and other kinds of
disturbances to tropical forests. © 2013 Elsevier
Ltd.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2013.01.015},
Key = {fds260402}
}
@article{fds260398,
Author = {Jacob Socolar and S and Robinson, SK and Terborgh,
J},
Title = {Bird diversity and occurrence of bamboo specia lists in two
bamboo die -offs in sout heastern Peru},
Journal = {The Condor},
Volume = {115},
Number = {2},
Pages = {253-262},
Publisher = {COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY},
Year = {2013},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0010-5422},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2013.120061},
Abstract = {A post-flowering die-off of bamboo in an established
bird-census plot afforded us an opportunity to investigate
the response of bamboo-dwelling birds to a natural
transformation of their habitat. In 1984 and 1985 SR and JT
generated spot maps for an 80-ha plot in terra firme forest
near the Cocha Cashu Biological Station, Manu National Park,
Peru. Two mapped bamboo patches in the plot totaled
approximately 30 ha. In 2001 and 2002, the bamboo flowered
and died. In 2009, JS revisited the plot and generated spot
maps for the former bamboo patches and adjacent forest. By
2009, trees had grown up in the erstwhile bamboo patches,
creating stands of second growth surrounded by mature
forest. Twelve species of bamboo specialists were no longer
present but almost no new species had invaded. We conclude
that the maintenance of high bird diversity in western
Amazonian forests does not depend on the spatial
heterogeneity caused by dying off of bamboo. This result
contrasts with, but does not contradict, previous research
demonstrating the importance of some disturbances such as
treefalls opening gaps to avian biodiversity in neotropical
forests. A few bamboo specialists, including the
Brown-rumped Foliage-Gleaner (Automolus melanopezus),
Goeldi's Antbird (Myrmeciza goeldii), Flammulated
Pygmy-Tyrant (Hemitriccus flammulatus), and Dusky-tailed
Flatbill (Ramphotrigon fuscicauda), persisted in the
die-offs. Their choices of microsites suggested that
vegetation structure rather than plant-species composition
is an important determinant of habitat suitability for these
specialists. © The Cooper Ornithological Society
2013.},
Doi = {10.1525/cond.2013.120061},
Key = {fds260398}
}
@article{fds260401,
Author = {Greenwald, N and Dellasala, DA and Terborgh, JW},
Title = {Nothing new in Kareiva and Marvier},
Journal = {Bioscience},
Volume = {63},
Number = {4},
Pages = {241},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2013},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0006-3568},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/bio.2013.63.4.18},
Doi = {10.1525/bio.2013.63.4.18},
Key = {fds260401}
}
@article{fds260404,
Author = {Pitman, NCA and Silman, MR and Terborgh, JW},
Title = {Oligarchies in Amazonian tree communities: A ten-year
review},
Journal = {Ecography},
Volume = {36},
Number = {2},
Pages = {114-123},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2013},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0906-7590},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.00083.x},
Abstract = {This paper revisits various hypotheses about oligarchic
patterns in Amazonian tree communities put forward by Pitman
et al. (2001). Together, these hypotheses predict that most
lowland sites in the Amazon are located within large patches
of relatively homogeneous edaphic and other environmental
conditions, where an oligarchy of common, frequent tree
species accounts for a majority of trees. To assess the
degree to which these hypotheses have been corroborated or
refuted over the last ten years, we reviewed > 200 studies
published since 2001. We found overwhelming support for the
hypo thesis that large-scale oligarchies of common and
frequent species are a common feature of Amazonian tree
communities. At least 22 studies have documented oligarchies
in Amazonian woody plant communities to date, and no studies
have looked for oligarchies as defined by Pitman et al.
(2001) and failed to find them. We argue that six
publications that offer critiques of the oligarchy
hypothesis do not constitute valid tests. The other
hypotheses in Pitman et al. (2001)- one regarding the
specific oligarchic taxa that dominate forests near the
eastern base of the Andes and one that attempts to explain
why oligarchic species exist - are less well supported by
the literature, in large part because they have not been
subjected to many tests. We discuss links between these
hypotheses and other well-known patterns and hypotheses in
ecology (the abundance-occupancy relationship, the
Janzen-Connell hypothesis, the niche-environment hypothesis,
and the niche breadth hypothesis), and provide additional
detail to facilitate rigorous tests in the future. The paper
concludes by presenting remote sensing evidence that large
patches of relatively homogeneous environmental conditions
account for most of the upland forest landscape across
Amazonian Peru. © 2013 The Authors.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.00083.x},
Key = {fds260404}
}
@article{fds260400,
Author = {Emilio, T and Quesada, CA and Costa, FRC and Magnusson, WE and Schietti,
J and Feldpausch, TR and Brienen, RJW and Baker, TR and Chave, J and Álvarez, E and Araújo, A and Bánki, O and Castilho, CV and Honorio C,
EN and Killeen, TJ and Malhi, Y and Oblitas Mendoza and EM and Monteagudo,
A and Neill, D and Alexander Parada and G and Peña-Cruz, A and Ramirez-Angulo, H and Schwarz, M and Silveira, M and ter Steege, H and Terborgh, JW and Thomas, R and Torres-Lezama, A and Vilanova, E and Phillips, OL},
Title = {Soil physical conditions limit palm and tree basal area in
Amazonian forests},
Journal = {Plant Ecology & Diversity},
Volume = {7},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {215-229},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2013},
ISSN = {1755-0874},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2013.772257},
Abstract = {Background: Trees and arborescent palms adopt different
rooting strategies and responses to physical limitations
imposed by soil structure, depth and anoxia. However, the
implications of these differences for understanding
variation in the relative abundance of these groups have not
been explored.Aims: We analysed the relationship between
soil physical constraints and tree and palm basal area to
understand how the physical properties of soil are directly
or indirectly related to the structure and physiognomy of
lowland Amazonian forests.Methods: We analysed inventory
data from 74 forest plots across Amazonia, from the RAINFOR
and PPBio networks for which basal area, stand turnover
rates and soil data were available. We related patterns of
basal area to environmental variables in ordinary least
squares and quantile regression models.Results: Soil
physical properties predicted the upper limit for basal area
of both trees and palms. This relationship was direct for
palms but mediated by forest turnover rates for trees. Soil
physical constraints alone explained up to 24% of palm basal
area and, together with rainfall, up to 18% of tree basal
area. Tree basal area was greatest in forests with lower
turnover rates on well-structured soils, while palm basal
area was high in weakly structured soils.Conclusions: Our
results show that palms and trees are associated with
different soil physical conditions. We suggest that
adaptations of these life-forms drive their responses to
soil structure, and thus shape the overall forest
physiognomy of Amazonian forest vegetation. © 2013
Copyright 2013 Botanical Society of Scotland and Taylor
& Francis.},
Doi = {10.1080/17550874.2013.772257},
Key = {fds260400}
}
@article{fds260480,
Author = {Estes, JA and Terborgh, J and Power, ME and Carpenter,
SR},
Title = {Reply to cucherousset et al.},
Journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment},
Volume = {10},
Number = {8},
Pages = {408},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2012},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1540-9295},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/12.WB.019},
Doi = {10.1890/12.WB.019},
Key = {fds260480}
}
@article{fds260479,
Author = {Laurance, WF and Useche, DC and Rendeiro, J and Kalka, M and Bradshaw,
CJA and Sloan, SP and Laurance, SG and Campbell, M and Abernethy, K and Alvarez, P and Arroyo-Rodriguez, V and Ashton, P and Benítez-Malvido, J and Blom, A and Bobo, KS and Cannon, CH and Cao, M and Carroll, R and Chapman, C and Coates, R and Cords, M and Danielsen, F and De Dijn and B and Dinerstein, E and Donnelly, MA and Edwards, D and Edwards, F and Farwig, N and Fashing, P and Forget, P-M and Foster, M and Gale, G and Harris, D and Harrison, R and Hart, J and Karpanty, S and Kress, WJ and Krishnaswamy, J and Logsdon, W and Lovett, J and Magnusson, W and Maisels, F and Marshall, AR and McClearn, D and Mudappa, D and Nielsen, MR and Pearson, R and Pitman, N and van der
Ploeg, J and Plumptre, A and Poulsen, J and Quesada, M and Rainey, H and Robinson, D and Roetgers, C and Rovero, F and Scatena, F and Schulze, C and Sheil, D and Struhsaker, T and Terborgh, J and Thomas, D and Timm, R and Urbina-Cardona, JN and Vasudevan, K and Wright, SJ and Arias-G, JC and Arroyo, L and Ashton, M and Auzel, P and Babaasa, D and Babweteera, F and Baker, P and Banki, O and Bass, M and Bila-Isia, I and Blake, S and Brockelman, W and Brokaw, N and Brühl, CA and Bunyavejchewin, S and Chao, J-T and Chave, J and Chellam, R and Clark, CJ and Clavijo, J and Congdon, R and Corlett, R and Dattaraja, HS and Dave, C and Davies, G and Beisiegel, BDM and da Silva, RDNP and Di Fiore and A and Diesmos, A and Dirzo, R and Doran-Sheehy, D and Eaton, M and Emmons, L and Estrada, A and Ewango, C and Fedigan, L and Feer, F and Fruth, B and Willis, JG and Goodale, U and Goodman, S and Guix, JC and Guthiga, P and Haber, W and Hamer, K and Herbinger, I and Hill, J and Huang, Z and Sun, IF and Ickes,
K and Itoh, A and Ivanauskas, N and Jackes, B and Janovec, J and Janzen, D and Jiangming, M and Jin, C and Jones, T and Justiniano, H and Kalko, E and Kasangaki, A and Killeen, T and King, H-B and Klop, E and Knott, C and Koné, I and Kudavidanage, E and Ribeiro, JLDS and Lattke, J and Laval,
R and Lawton, R and Leal, M and Leighton, M and Lentino, M and Leonel, C and Lindsell, J and Ling-Ling, L and Linsenmair, KE and Losos, E and Lugo,
A and Lwanga, J and Mack, AL and Martins, M and McGraw, WS and McNab, R and Montag, L and Thompson, JM and Nabe-Nielsen, J and Nakagawa, M and Nepal, S and Norconk, M and Novotny, V and O'Donnell, S and Opiang, M and Ouboter, P and Parker, K and Parthasarathy, N and Pisciotta, K and Prawiradilaga, D and Pringle, C and Rajathurai, S and Reichard, U and Reinartz, G and Renton, K and Reynolds, G and Reynolds, V and Riley, E and Rödel, M-O and Rothman, J and Round, P and Sakai, S and Sanaiotti, T and Savini, T and Schaab, G and Seidensticker, J and Siaka, A and Silman,
MR and Smith, TB and de Almeida, SS and Sodhi, N and Stanford, C and Stewart, K and Stokes, E and Stoner, KE and Sukumar, R and Surbeck, M and Tobler, M and Tscharntke, T and Turkalo, A and Umapathy, G and van
Weerd, M and Rivera, JV and Venkataraman, M and Venn, L and Verea, C and de
Castilho, CV and Waltert, M and Wang, B and Watts, D and Weber, W and West,
P and Whitacre, D and Whitney, K and Wilkie, D and Williams, S and Wright,
DD and Wright, P and Xiankai, L and Yonzon, P and Zamzani,
F},
Title = {Averting biodiversity collapse in tropical forest protected
areas.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {489},
Number = {7415},
Pages = {290-294},
Year = {2012},
Month = {September},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22832582},
Abstract = {The rapid disruption of tropical forests probably imperils
global biodiversity more than any other contemporary
phenomenon. With deforestation advancing quickly, protected
areas are increasingly becoming final refuges for threatened
species and natural ecosystem processes. However, many
protected areas in the tropics are themselves vulnerable to
human encroachment and other environmental stresses. As
pressures mount, it is vital to know whether existing
reserves can sustain their biodiversity. A critical
constraint in addressing this question has been that data
describing a broad array of biodiversity groups have been
unavailable for a sufficiently large and representative
sample of reserves. Here we present a uniquely comprehensive
data set on changes over the past 20 to 30 years in 31
functional groups of species and 21 potential drivers of
environmental change, for 60 protected areas stratified
across the world’s major tropical regions. Our analysis
reveals great variation in reserve ‘health’: about half
of all reserves have been effective or performed passably,
but the rest are experiencing an erosion of biodiversity
that is often alarmingly widespread taxonomically and
functionally. Habitat disruption, hunting and forest-product
exploitation were the strongest predictors of declining
reserve health. Crucially, environmental changes immediately
outside reserves seemed nearly as important as those inside
in determining their ecological fate, with changes inside
reserves strongly mirroring those occurring around them.
These findings suggest that tropical protected areas are
often intimately linked ecologically to their surrounding
habitats, and that a failure to stem broad-scale loss and
degradation of such habitats could sharply increase the
likelihood of serious biodiversity declines.},
Doi = {10.1038/nature11318},
Key = {fds260479}
}
@article{fds260475,
Author = {Quesada, CA and Phillips, OL and Schwarz, M and Czimczik, CI and Baker,
TR and Patiño, S and Fyllas, NM and Hodnett, MG and Herrera, R and Almeida, S and Alvarez Dávila and E and Arneth, A and Arroyo, L and Chao,
KJ and Dezzeo, N and Erwin, T and Di Fiore and A and Higuchi, N and Honorio
Coronado, E and Jimenez, EM and Killeen, T and Lezama, AT and Lloyd, G and Löpez-González, G and Luizão, FJ and Malhi, Y and Monteagudo, A and Neill, DA and Núñez Vargas and P and Paiva, R and Peacock, J and Peñuela, MC and Peña Cruz and A and Pitman, N and Priante Filho and N and Prieto, A and Ramírez, H and Rudas, A and Salomão, R and Santos, AJB and Schmerler, J and Silva, N and Silveira, M and Vásquez, R and Vieira, I and Terborgh, J and Lloyd, J},
Title = {Basin-wide variations in Amazon forest structure and
function are mediated by both soils and climate},
Journal = {Biogeosciences},
Volume = {9},
Number = {6},
Pages = {2203-2246},
Publisher = {Copernicus GmbH},
Year = {2012},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1726-4170},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2203-2012},
Abstract = {Forest structure and dynamics vary across the Amazon Basin
in an east-west gradient coincident with variations in soil
fertility and geology. This has resulted in the hypothesis
that soil fertility may play an important role in explaining
Basin-wide variations in forest biomass, growth and stem
turnover rates. Soil samples were collected in a total of 59
different forest plots across the Amazon Basin and analysed
for exchangeable cations, carbon, nitrogen and pH, with
several phosphorus fractions of likely different plant
availability also quantified. Physical properties were
additionally examined and an index of soil physical quality
developed. Bivariate relationships of soil and climatic
properties with above-ground wood productivity, stand-level
tree turnover rates, above-ground wood biomass and wood
density were first examined with multivariate regression
models then applied. Both forms of analysis were undertaken
with and without considerations regarding the underlying
spatial structure of the dataset. Despite the presence of
autocorrelated spatial structures complicating many
analyses, forest structure and dynamics were found to be
strongly and quantitatively related to edaphic as well as
climatic conditions. Basin-wide differences in stand-level
turnover rates are mostly influenced by soil physical
properties with variations in rates of coarse wood
production mostly related to soil phosphorus status. Total
soil P was a better predictor of wood production rates than
any of the fractionated organic- or inorganic-P pools. This
suggests that it is not only the immediately available P
forms, but probably the entire soil phosphorus pool that is
interacting with forest growth on longer timescales. A role
for soil potassium in modulating Amazon forest dynamics
through its effects on stand-level wood density was also
detected. Taking this into account, otherwise enigmatic
variations in stand-level biomass across the Basin were then
accounted for through the interacting effects of soil
physical and chemical properties with climate. A hypothesis
of self-maintaining forest dynamic feedback mechanisms
initiated by edaphic conditions is proposed. It is further
suggested that this is a major factor determining endogenous
disturbance levels, species composition, and forest
productivity across the Amazon Basin. © 2012 Author(s). CC
Attribution 3.0 License.},
Doi = {10.5194/bg-9-2203-2012},
Key = {fds260475}
}
@article{fds260478,
Author = {Dexter, KG and Terborgh, JW and Cunningham, CW},
Title = {Historical effects on beta diversity and community assembly
in Amazonian trees.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {109},
Number = {20},
Pages = {7787-7792},
Year = {2012},
Month = {May},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22547831},
Abstract = {We present a unique perspective on the role of historical
processes in community assembly by synthesizing analyses of
species turnover among communities with environmental data
and independent, population genetic-derived estimates of
among-community dispersal. We sampled floodplain and terra
firme communities of the diverse tree genus Inga (Fabaceae)
across a 250-km transect in Amazonian Peru and found
patterns of distance-decay in compositional similarity in
both habitat types. However, conventional analyses of
distance-decay masked a zone of increased species turnover
present in the middle of the transect. We estimated past
seed dispersal among the same communities by examining
geographic plastid DNA variation for eight widespread Inga
species and uncovered a population genetic break in the
majority of species that is geographically coincident with
the zone of increased species turnover. Analyses of these
and 12 additional Inga species shared between two
communities located on opposite sides of the zone showed
that the populations experienced divergence 42,000-612,000 y
ago. Our results suggest that the observed distance decay is
the result not of environmental gradients or dispersal
limitation coupled with ecological drift--as conventionally
interpreted under neutral ecological theory--but rather of
secondary contact between historically separated
communities. Thus, even at this small spatial scale,
historical processes seem to significantly impact species'
distributions and community assembly. Other documented zones
of increased species turnover found in the western Amazon
basin or elsewhere may be related to similar historical
processes.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1203523109},
Key = {fds260478}
}
@article{fds260474,
Author = {Terborgh, J},
Title = {Enemies maintain hyperdiverse tropical forests.},
Journal = {The American Naturalist},
Volume = {179},
Number = {3},
Pages = {303-314},
Year = {2012},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0003-0147},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/664183},
Abstract = {Understanding tropical forest tree diversity has been a
major challenge to ecologists. In the absence of
compensatory mechanisms, two powerful forces, drift and
competition, are expected to erode diversity quickly,
especially in communities containing scores or hundreds of
rare species. Here, I review evidence bearing on four
compensatory mechanisms that have been subsumed under the
terms "density dependence" or "negative density dependence":
(1) intra- and (2) interspecific competition and the action
of (3) density-responsive and (4) distance-responsive biotic
agents, as postulated by Janzen and Connell. To achieve
ontological integration, I examine evidence based on studies
employing seeds, seedlings, and saplings. Available evidence
points overwhelmingly to the action of both host-generalist
and host-restricted biotic agents as causing most seed and
seedling mortality, implying that species diversity is
maintained via top-down forcing. The overall effect of most
host-generalist seed predators and herbivores is to even out
the distribution of surviving propagules. Spatially
restricted recruitment appears to result mainly, if not
exclusively, from the actions of host-restricted agents,
principally microarthropods and fungi, that attack hosts in
a distance-dependent fashion as Janzen and Connell proposed.
Near total failure of propagules close to reproductive
conspecifics ensures that successful reproduction occurs
through a scant rain of dispersed seeds. Densities of
dispersed seeds and seedlings arising from them are so low
as to generally preclude the operation of density
dependence, at least during early ontogenetic stages. I
conclude that Janzen and Connell were essentially correct
and that diversity maintenance results from top-down forcing
acting in a spatially nonuniform fashion.},
Doi = {10.1086/664183},
Key = {fds260474}
}
@article{fds260397,
Author = {Feldpausch, TR and Lloyd, J and Lewis, SL and Brienen, RJW and Gloor, M and Monteagudo Mendoza and A and Lopez-Gonzalez, G and Banin, L and Abu
Salim, K and Affum-Baffoe, K and Alexiades, M and Almeida, S and Amaral,
I and Andrade, A and Aragão, LEOC and Araujo Murakami and A and Arets,
EJM and Arroyo, L and Aymard C. and GA and Baker, TR and Bánki, OS and Berry,
NJ and Cardozo, N and Chave, J and Comiskey, JA and Alvarez, E and De
Oliveira, A and Di Fiore and A and Djagbletey, G and Domingues, TF and Erwin, TL and Fearnside, PM and França, MB and Freitas, MA and Higuchi,
N and Honorio C. and E and Iida, Y and Jiménez, E and Kassim, AR and Killeen,
TJ and Laurance, WF and Lovett, JC and Malhi, Y and Marimon, BS and Marimon-Junior, BH and Lenza, E and Marshall, AR and Mendoza, C and Metcalfe, DJ and Mitchard, ETA and Neill, DA and Nelson, BW and Nilus,
R and Nogueira, EM and Parada, A and S.-H. Peh and K and Pena Cruz and A and Peñuela, MC and Pitman, NCA and Prieto, A and Quesada, CA and Ramírez,
F and Ramírez-Angulo, H and Reitsma, JM and Rudas, A and Saiz, G and Salomão, RP and Schwarz, M and Silva, N and Silva-Espejo, JE and Silveira, M and Sonké, B and Stropp, J and Taedoumg, HE and Tan, S and Ter
Steege, H and Terborgh, J and Torello-Raventos, M and Van Der
Heijden and GMF and Vásquez, R and Vilanova, E and Vos, VA and White, L and Willcock, S and Woell, H and Phillips, OL},
Title = {Tree height integrated into pantropical forest biomass
estimates},
Journal = {Biogeosciences},
Volume = {9},
Number = {8},
Pages = {3381-3403},
Publisher = {Copernicus GmbH},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1726-4170},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3381-2012},
Abstract = {Aboveground tropical tree biomass and carbon storage
estimates commonly ignore tree height (H). We estimate the
effect of incorporating H on tropics-wide forest biomass
estimates in 327 plots across four continents using 42 656 H
and diameter measurements and harvested trees from 20 sites
to answer the following questions: ; 1. What is the best
H-model form and geographic unit to include in biomass
models to minimise site-level uncertainty in estimates of
destructive biomass? ; 2. To what extent does including H
estimates derived in (1) reduce uncertainty in biomass
estimates across all 327 plots? ; 3. What effect does
accounting for H have on plot- and continental-scale forest
biomass estimates? ; The mean relative error in biomass
estimates of destructively harvested trees when including H
(mean 0.06), was half that when excluding H (mean 0.13).
Power- and Weibull-H models provided the greatest reduction
in uncertainty, with regional Weibull-H models preferred
because they reduce uncertainty in smaller-diameter classes
(≤40 cm D) that store about one-third of biomass per
hectare in most forests. Propagating the relationships from
destructively harvested tree biomass to each of the 327
plots from across the tropics shows that including H reduces
errors from 41.8 Mg ha-1 (range 6.6 to 112.4) to 8.0 Mg ha-1
(-2.5 to 23.0). For all plots, aboveground live biomass was
-52.2 Mg ha-1 (-82.0 to -20.3 bootstrapped 95% CI), or 13%,
lower when including H estimates, with the greatest relative
reductions in estimated biomass in forests of the Brazilian
Shield, east Africa, and Australia, and relatively little
change in the Guiana Shield, central Africa and southeast
Asia. Appreciably different stand structure was observed
among regions across the tropical continents, with some
storing significantly more biomass in small diameter stems,
which affects selection of the best height models to reduce
uncertainty and biomass reductions due to H. After
accounting for variation in H, total biomass per hectare is
greatest in Australia, the Guiana Shield, Asia, central and
east Africa, and lowest in east-central Amazonia, W. Africa,
W. Amazonia, and the Brazilian Shield (descending order).
Thus, if tropical forests span 1668 million km2 and store
285 Pg C (estimate including H), then applying our regional
relationships implies that carbon storage is overestimated
by 35 Pg C (31-39 bootstrapped 95% CI) if H is ignored,
assuming that the sampled plots are an unbiased statistical
representation of all tropical forest in terms of biomass
and height factors. Our results show that tree H is an
important allometric factor that needs to be included in
future forest biomass estimates to reduce error in estimates
of tropical carbon stocks and emissions due to
deforestation. © 2012 Author(s).},
Doi = {10.5194/bg-9-3381-2012},
Key = {fds260397}
}
@article{fds260473,
Author = {Osorio, D and Terborgh, J and Alvarez, A and Ortega, H and Quispe, R and Chipollini, V and Davenport, LC},
Title = {Lateral migration of fish between an oxbow lake and an
Amazonian headwater river},
Journal = {Ecology of Freshwater Fish},
Volume = {20},
Number = {4},
Pages = {619-627},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2011},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0906-6691},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2011.00511.x},
Abstract = {We report on lateral movements of fish between an Amazonian
headwater river (Manu River in Manu National Park, Perú)
and a 24-ha oxbow lake (Cocha Cashu) in the adjacent
floodplain. During wet season flood pulses, or 'crecientes,'
fish can enter and exit the lake through a connecting
channel that is normally dry. To investigate fish movements,
we operated a bi-directional funnel trap in the connecting
channel during high water interludes. We captured 4090 fish
of 60 species during the 2005 and 2006 rainy seasons and
sub-sampled the adults for gonadal state and stomach
contents. We found that most exiting fish were gravid and
that most entering fish had recently spawned, suggesting
that fish were leaving the lake to spawn in the river or
elsewhere. Entering fish had full stomachs more often than
exiting fish and entering and exiting individuals of most
species were of similar size. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons
A/S.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1600-0633.2011.00511.x},
Key = {fds260473}
}
@article{fds260472,
Author = {Pitman, NCA and Cecilio, MP and Pudicho, MP and Graham, JG and Núñez
V., MP and Valenzuela, M and Terborgh, JW},
Title = {Indigenous perceptions of tree species abundance across an
upper Amazonian landscape},
Journal = {Journal of Ethnobiology},
Volume = {31},
Number = {2},
Pages = {233-243},
Publisher = {Society of Ethnobiology},
Year = {2011},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0278-0771},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2993/0278-0771-31.2.233},
Abstract = {Indigenous cultures know a great deal about the landscape
they inhabit, and their knowledge can be a valuable tool for
ecologists. In order to explore how residents' knowledge
might help characterize a large and diverse forest type in
southeastern Peru, we asked plant experts of the local
Cashinahua culture to predict whether the tree species
recorded in a single 1-ha plot in upland forest were common
on the surrounding landscape. We then compared their answers
with data collected in four other 1-ha plots scattered over
an area of about 7,000 km2. Cashinahua predictions matched
tree plot data for 66% of the species examined. Species
labeled as common by the Cashinahua included 9 of the top 11
most common species in the 5 plots and 39% of all trees in
the plots. We discuss three obstacles to using local
knowledge in large-scale vegetation studies: 1) the
often-confusing relation between indigenous and Linnaean
taxonomic nomenclature, 2) differing cultural conceptions of
commonness and rarity, and 3) the limitations of describing
tree species abundance via 1-ha tree plots. Where these
limitations can be overcome, studies of large-scale
vegetation patterns stand to benefit greatly from
incorporating local knowledge of regionally abundant
species. © 2011 Society of Ethnobiology.},
Doi = {10.2993/0278-0771-31.2.233},
Key = {fds260472}
}
@article{fds260468,
Author = {Terborgh, J and Alvarez-Loayza, P and Dexter, K and Cornejo, F and Carrasco, C},
Title = {Decomposing dispersal limitation: Limits on fecundity or
seed distribution?},
Journal = {Journal of Ecology},
Volume = {99},
Number = {4},
Pages = {935-944},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2011},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0022-0477},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01836.x},
Abstract = {1.The term 'dispersal limitation' represents two distinct
component processes: the number of seeds produced
(fecundity) and the spatial pattern of the seed rain
(distribution). We present a quantitative evaluation of
these component processes of dispersal limitation for a
tropical forest tree community. 2.Using a regularly spaced
grid of 289 seed traps (0.5m2 each), we monitored the seed
rain into 1.44ha of upper Amazonian floodplain forest for
6years whilst concurrently monitoring sapling recruitment in
a 0.81-ha subplot centred within the seed-trapping grid.
This arrangement allowed us to compare the spatial pattern
of seed rain with that of sapling recruitment. 3.We
endeavoured to distinguish between undispersed and dispersed
seeds by applying a series of criteria to seeds collected in
the traps and by removing from certain analyses all seeds
that fell under reproductive conspecifics. Gross fecundity
of 30 common species that contribute to the advanced
regeneration was uniformly low and the rain of dispersed
seeds was lower still, being <1.0m-2year-1 in every case.
4.The rain of dispersed seeds with respect to conspecific
reproductives closely matched the recruitment of saplings,
whereas gross seed rain (all seeds, including undispersed
seeds) did not. 5.Synthesis.'Dispersal limitation' in this
faunally intact Amazonian forest is primarily attributable
to a scant rain of dispersed seeds, i.e. fecundity
limitation, whereas the distribution of dispersed seeds,
being random for most species, appears adequate. Evidence
from this and earlier research at the same site indicates
that the per-capita success of dispersed seeds is many times
higher than that of undispersed seeds. Thus, seed dispersal
kernels that do not distinguish between dispersed and
undispersed seeds are likely to be biologically misleading.
© 2011 The Authors. Journal of Ecology © 2011 British
Ecological Society.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01836.x},
Key = {fds260468}
}
@article{fds260470,
Author = {Alvarez-Loayza, P and Terborgh, J},
Title = {Fates of seedling carpets in an Amazonian floodplain forest:
Intra-cohort competition or attack by enemies?},
Journal = {Journal of Ecology},
Volume = {99},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1045-1054},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2011},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0022-0477},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01835.x},
Abstract = {1.The operation of 'negative density-dependence' in seedling
cohorts in tropical forests is empirically well-established,
but only at a phenomenological level that leaves open the
question of why seedlings conspecific with an overtopping
parent tree experience higher mortality than
heterospecifics. The distinction is of theoretical
importance because distinct mechanisms are involved. 2.We
consider the two most debated possibilities: seedling
mortality resulting from classical Lotka-Volterra
density-dependence and seedling mortality resulting from the
action of biotic agents, as postulated for the
Janzen-Connell mechanism. Our study is the first to identify
the full spectrum of mortality factors affecting both
conspecific and heterospecific members of seedling cohorts.
3.We took advantage of the occurrence of 'seedling carpets',
dense concentrations of seedlings that appear following
fruiting events under reproductive individuals of some
species. In these 'carpets', seedlings conspecific with the
overtopping parent tree predominate numerically, but
heterospecific seedlings are also typically present. Here,
we investigated the differential survival of conspecific
versus heterospecific seedlings under focal trees of four
species: Calatola microcarpa (Icacinaceae), Clarisia
racemosa (Moraceae), Matisia cordata (Bombacaceae/Malvaceae)
and Sorocea pileata (Moraceae). 4.We show that mortality
rates of conspecific seedlings are much higher than those of
heterospecific seedlings and that most conspecific mortality
(64-100%) resulted from host-restricted arthropod herbivores
and/or fungal pathogens, whereas the mortality of
heterospecific seedlings resulted from a variety of other
causes. 5.Synthesis. Conspecific seedlings died following
attack by apparently host-restricted arthropods or fungi and
eventually experienced 100% mortality. The results are
inconsistent with classical intra- and inter-specific
competition and consistent with the actions of
distance-responsive and/or density-responsive 'enemies', as
postulated 40years ago by Janzen and Connell. © 2011 The
Authors. Journal of Ecology © 2011 British Ecological
Society.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01835.x},
Key = {fds260470}
}
@article{fds260471,
Author = {Estes, JA and Terborgh, J and Brashares, JS and Power, ME and Berger, J and Bond, WJ and Carpenter, SR and Essington, TE and Holt, RD and Jackson,
JBC and Marquis, RJ and Oksanen, L and Oksanen, T and Paine, RT and Pikitch, EK and Ripple, WJ and Sandin, SA and Scheffer, M and Schoener,
TW and Shurin, JB and Sinclair, ARE and Soulé, ME and Virtanen, R and Wardle, DA},
Title = {Trophic downgrading of planet Earth.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {333},
Number = {6040},
Pages = {301-306},
Year = {2011},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1205106},
Abstract = {Until recently, large apex consumers were ubiquitous across
the globe and had been for millions of years. The loss of
these animals may be humankind's most pervasive influence on
nature. Although such losses are widely viewed as an ethical
and aesthetic problem, recent research reveals extensive
cascading effects of their disappearance in marine,
terrestrial, and freshwater ecosystems worldwide. This
empirical work supports long-standing theory about the role
of top-down forcing in ecosystems but also highlights the
unanticipated impacts of trophic cascades on processes as
diverse as the dynamics of disease, wildfire, carbon
sequestration, invasive species, and biogeochemical cycles.
These findings emphasize the urgent need for
interdisciplinary research to forecast the effects of
trophic downgrading on process, function, and resilience in
global ecosystems.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1205106},
Key = {fds260471}
}
@article{fds260469,
Author = {Swamy, V and Terborgh, J and Dexter, KG and Best, BD and Alvarez, P and Cornejo, F},
Title = {Are all seeds equal? Spatially explicit comparisons of seed
fall and sapling recruitment in a tropical
forest},
Journal = {Ecology Letters},
Volume = {14},
Number = {2},
Pages = {195-201},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1461-023X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01571.x},
Abstract = {Ecology Letters (2011) 14: 195-201 Understanding demographic
transitions may provide the key to explain the high
diversity of tropical tree communities. In a faunally intact
Amazonian forest, we compared the spatial distribution of
saplings of 15 common tree species with patterns of
conspecific seed fall, and examined the seed-to-sapling
transition in relation to locations of conspecific trees. In
all species, the spatial pattern of sapling recruitment bore
no resemblance to predicted distributions based on the
density of seed fall. Seed efficiency (the probability of a
seed producing a sapling) is strongly correlated with
distance from large conspecific trees, with a >30-fold
multiplicative increase between recruitment zones that are
most distant vs. proximal to conspecific adults. The
striking decoupling of sapling recruitment and conspecific
seed density patterns indicates near-complete recruitment
failure in areas of high seed density located around
reproductive adults. Our results provide strong support for
the spatially explicit predictions of the Janzen-Connell
hypothesis. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing
Ltd/CNRS.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01571.x},
Key = {fds260469}
}
@article{fds260476,
Author = {Forero-Medina, G and Terborgh, J and Socolar, SJ and Pimm,
SL},
Title = {Elevational ranges of birds on a tropical montane gradient
lag behind warming temperatures.},
Journal = {Plos One},
Volume = {6},
Number = {12},
Pages = {e28535},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22163309},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Species may respond to a warming climate
by moving to higher latitudes or elevations. Shifts in
geographic ranges are common responses in temperate regions.
For the tropics, latitudinal temperature gradients are
shallow; the only escape for species may be to move to
higher elevations. There are few data to suggest that they
do. Yet, the greatest loss of species from climate
disruption may be for tropical montane species.<h4>Methodology/principal
findings</h4>We repeat a historical transect in Peru and
find an average upward shift of 49 m for 55 bird species
over a 41 year interval. This shift is significantly upward,
but also significantly smaller than the 152 m one expects
from warming in the region. To estimate the expected shift
in elevation we first determined the magnitude of warming in
the locality from historical data. Then we used the
temperature lapse rate to infer the required shift in
altitude to compensate for warming. The range shifts in
elevation were similar across different trophic
guilds.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Endothermy may provide birds with
some flexibility to temperature changes and allow them to
move less than expected. Instead of being directly dependent
on temperature, birds may be responding to gradual changes
in the nature of the habitat or availability of food
resources, and presence of competitors. If so, this has
important implications for estimates of mountaintop
extinctions from climate change.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0028535},
Key = {fds260476}
}
@article{fds260484,
Author = {Thompson, S and Alvarez-Loayza, P and Terborgh, J and Katul,
G},
Title = {The effects of plant pathogens on tree recruitment in the
Western Amazon under a projected future climate: a dynamical
systems analysis},
Journal = {Journal of Ecology},
Volume = {98},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1434-1446},
Year = {2010},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0022-0477},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01726.x},
Abstract = {1. Climate change predictions in the Amazon have largely
focused on carbon-water relations, while the impacts of
increased air temperature and reduced precipitation on
host-pathogen relationships have not been extensively
explored. These relationships are known to affect
recruitment of many Amazonian plant species. 2.
Host-pathogen relationships are well suited to a dynamical
analysis of the effects of climate change due to the direct
linkages between pathogen behaviour and abiotic factors such
as temperature and rainfall. 3. Seedlings of the palm
Iriartea deltoidea experience significant mortality due to
infection by the fungus Diplodia mutila. This host-pathogen
interaction was examined by combining a semi-analytical
model with field data illustrating the temperature
sensitivity of D. mutila reproductive rates and I. deltoidea
seedling mortality in response to infection. 4. The
data-model combination shows that projected climatic shifts
in rainfall and temperature for the Amazon region will tend
to reduce recruitment by altering pathogen activity and
reducing palm fecundity. The magnitude of the reduction is
sensitive to the details of the epidemiology of the D.
mutila-I. deltoidea host-pathogen system, and ranges from
10% to 56% under plausible scenarios. 5. Although
considerable uncertainty remains, the proposed model
provides a blueprint for research on one aspect of ecosystem
change in future climate models. 6.Synthesis. The study
illustrates the potential for ecosystem responses to climate
change, which can be investigated through tractable models
simple enough to assimilate into climate modelling
frameworks. Particular environmental sensitivities in fungal
dynamics are identified. The implications of combined plant
physiological stress and enhanced pathogenic activity under
future climate scenarios are highlighted as critical issues
for projecting forest response.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01726.x},
Key = {fds260484}
}
@article{fds260485,
Author = {Swamy, V and Terborgh, JW},
Title = {Distance-responsive natural enemies strongly influence
seedling establishment patterns of multiple species in an
Amazonian rain forest},
Journal = {Journal of Ecology},
Volume = {98},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1096-1107},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2010},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0022-0477},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01686.x},
Abstract = {1. In a faunally intact lowland Amazonian rain forest stand,
we conducted a long-term multi-species experiment aimed at
determining the primary mechanistic basis of seedling
establishment patterns. We deployed a total of 1050
experimental seedlings, representing 11 common tree species
in mixed compositions and at fixed, highly elevated
densities in shaded understorey sites, representing extremes
of distance from large conspecific trees. We used mesh
exclosures to isolate the effects of distinct classes of
natural enemies, and monitored survival for up to 45 months.
2. Final seedling survival of all species pooled represented
a 40% increase at sites located far from ('F' sites) versus
close to ('N' sites) large conspecific trees, and median
seedling lifetime was 75% longer. These differences between
N and F sites were significant for all species pooled, and
for five out of 11 (survivorship) and four out of nine
(lifetime) individual species examined. Survival analysis
based on multiple censuses revealed that a 'distance effect'
persisted and intensified over time, with the onset of
significant distance-related differential mortality
differing amongst species. 3. The use of mesh exclosures (<2
mm mesh size) and a factorial experimental design revealed
that host-specific organisms <2 mm in size and/or
below-ground soil-borne organisms are more strongly
distance-responsive and depress seedling establishment
primarily in the vicinity of large conspecific adults
whereas above-ground organisms >2 mm in size appear to have
a negative impact on seedling establishment at all
distances. 4. No evidence was found for the effect of
intra-cohort resource competition on seedling establishment
even though initial density of experimental seedlings at all
sites was elevated to c. 25 times the mean natural density
of the mixed-species seedling layer in this forest. 5.
Synthesis. Our study provides strong, multi-species support
for the influence of host-specific distance-responsive
natural enemies on seedling establishment, and suggests that
negative density-dependent patterns of tree recruitment in
tropical rain forests are at least partly produced at early
life stages as an outcome of processes described by the
classic Janzen-Connell model. © 2010 The Authors. Journal
compilation © 2010 British Ecological Society.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01686.x},
Key = {fds260485}
}
@article{fds260486,
Author = {Swaisgood, RR and Terborgh, JW and Blumstein, DT},
Title = {Funding should come to those who wait.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {329},
Number = {5989},
Pages = {276},
Year = {2010},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20647447},
Doi = {10.1126/science.329.5989.276-a},
Key = {fds260486}
}
@article{fds357433,
Author = {Miller, G},
Title = {Forensics. Familial DNA testing scores a win in serial
killer case.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {329},
Number = {5989},
Pages = {262},
Year = {2010},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.329.5989.262},
Doi = {10.1126/science.329.5989.262},
Key = {fds357433}
}
@article{fds260481,
Author = {Gleick, PH and Adams, RM and Amasino, RM and Anders, E and Anderson, DJ and Anderson, WW and Anselin, LE and Arroyo, MK and Asfaw, B and Ayala, FJ and Bax, A and Bebbington, AJ and Bell, G and Bennett, MVL and Bennetzen,
JL and Berenbaum, MR and Berlin, OB and Bjorkman, PJ and Blackburn, E and Blamont, JE and Botchan, MR and Boyer, JS and Boyle, EA and Branton, D and Briggs, SP and Briggs, WR and Brill, WJ and Britten, RJ and Broecker,
WS and Brown, JH and Brown, PO and Brunger, AT and Cairns, J and Canfield,
DE and Carpenter, SR and Carrington, JC and Cashmore, AR and Castilla,
JC and Cazenave, A and Chapin, FS and Ciechanover, AJ and Clapham, DE and Clark, WC and Clayton, RN and Coe, MD and Conwell, EM and Cowling, EB and Cowling, RM and Cox, CS and Croteau, RB and Crothers, DM and Crutzen,
PJ and Daily, GC and Dalrymple, GB and Dangl, JL and Darst, SA and Davies,
DR and Davis, MB and De Camilli and PV and Dean, C and DeFries, RS and Deisenhofer, J and Delmer, DP and DeLong, EF and DeRosier, DJ and Diener, TO and Dirzo, R and Dixon, JE and Donoghue, MJ and Doolittle,
RF and Dunne, T and Ehrlich, PR and Eisenstadt, SN and Eisner, T and Emanuel, KA and Englander, SW and Ernst, WG and Falkowski, PG and Feher,
G and Ferejohn, JA and Fersht, A and Fischer, EH and Fischer, R and Flannery, KV and Frank, J and Frey, PA and Fridovich, I and Frieden, C and Futuyma, DJ and Gardner, WR and Garrett, CJR and Gilbert, W and Goldberg, RB and Goodenough, WH and Goodman, CS and Goodman, M and Greengard, P and Hake, S and Hammel, G and Hanson, S and Harrison, SC and Hart, SR and Hartl, DL and Haselkorn, R and Hawkes, K and Hayes, JM and Hille, B and Hökfelt, T and House, JS and Hout, M and Hunten, DM and Izquierdo, IA and Jagendorf, AT and Janzen, DH and Jeanloz, R and Jencks, CS and Jury, WA and Kaback, HR and Kailath, T and Kay, P and Kay,
SA and Kennedy, D and Kerr, A and Kessler, RC and Khush, GS and Kieffer,
SW and Kirch, PV and Kirk, K and Kivelson, MG and Klinman, JP and Klug, A and Knopoff, L and Kornberg, H and Kutzbach, JE and Lagarias, JC and Lambeck, K and Landy, A and Langmuir, CH and Larkins, BA and Le Pichon,
XT and Lenski, RE and Leopold, EB and Levin, SA and Levitt, M and Likens,
GE and Lippincott-Schwartz, J and Lorand, L and Lovejoy, CO and Lynch,
M and Mabogunje, AL and Malone, TF and Manabe, S and Marcus, J and Massey,
DS and McWilliams, JC and Medina, E and Melosh, HJ and Meltzer, DJ and Michener, CD and Miles, EL and Mooney, HA and Moore, PB and Morel, FMM and Mosley-Thompson, ES and Moss, B and Munk, WH and Myers, N and Nair, GB and Nathans, J and Nester, EW and Nicoll, RA and Novick, RP and O'Connell,
JF and Olsen, PE and Opdyke, ND and Oster, GF and Ostrom, E and Pace, NR and Paine, RT and Palmiter, RD and Pedlosky, J and Petsko, GA and Pettengill, GH and Philander, SG and Piperno, DR and Pollard, TD and Price, PB and Reichard, PA and Reskin, BF and Ricklefs, RE and Rivest,
RL and Roberts, JD and Romney, AK and Rossmann, MG and Russell, DW and Rutter, WJ and Sabloff, JA and Sagdeev, RZ and Sahlins, MD and Salmond,
A and Sanes, JR and Schekman, R and Schellnhuber, J and Schindler, DW and Schmitt, J and Schneider, SH and Schramm, VL and Sederoff, RR and Shatz,
CJ and Sherman, F and Sidman, RL and Sieh, K and Simons, EL and Singer, BH and Singer, MF and Skyrms, B and Sleep, NH and Smith, BD and Snyder, SH and Sokal, RR and Spencer, CS and Steitz, TA and Strier, KB and Südhof, TC and Taylor, SS and Terborgh, J and Thomas, DH and Thompson, LG and Tjian,
RT and Turner, MG and Uyeda, S and Valentine, JW and Valentine, JS and Van
Etten, JL and van Holde, KE and Vaughan, M and Verba, S and von Hippel,
PH and Wake, DB and Walker, A and Walker, JE and Watson, EB and Watson, PJ and Weigel, D and Wessler, SR and West-Eberhard, MJ and White, TD and Wilson, WJ and Wolfenden, RV and Wood, JA and Woodwell, GM and Wright,
HE and Wu, C and Wunsch, C and Zoback, ML},
Title = {Climate change and the integrity of science.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {328},
Number = {5979},
Pages = {689-690},
Year = {2010},
Month = {May},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20448167},
Doi = {10.1126/science.328.5979.689},
Key = {fds260481}
}
@misc{fds185166,
Author = {J.W. Terborgh and James A. Estes},
Title = {Trophic Cascades},
Booktitle = {Trophic Cascades},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds185166}
}
@article{fds185167,
Author = {J.W. Terborgh},
Title = {Rewilding the Word: Dispatches from the Conservation
Revolution},
Journal = {New York Review of Books},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds185167}
}
@article{fds260482,
Author = {Terborgh, JW},
Title = {All seeds are not equal, distance matters: ontogenetically
integrated evidence from a lowland Amazonian
rainforest},
Journal = {Ecological Letters},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds260482}
}
@article{fds260483,
Author = {Terborgh, JW},
Title = {Perspecitives on the issue of people in parks},
Journal = {Conservation and Society},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds260483}
}
@article{fds260396,
Author = {Terborgh, J},
Title = {The trophic cascade on islands},
Pages = {116-142},
Year = {2009},
Month = {October},
Key = {fds260396}
}
@article{fds260477,
Author = {Thompson, S and Katul, G and Terborgh, J and Alvarez-Loayza,
P},
Title = {Spatial organization of vegetation arising from non-local
excitation with local inhibition in tropical
rainforests},
Journal = {Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena},
Volume = {238},
Number = {13},
Pages = {1061-1067},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2009},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0167-2789},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physd.2009.03.004},
Abstract = {The Janzen-Connell (JC) effect, which hypothesizes that
recruitment and growth of seedlings is positively correlated
to the distance from the parent tree, is shown to generate
highly organized vegetation biomass spatial patterns when
coupled to a revised Fisher-Kolmogorov (FK) equation.
Spatial organization arises through a novel mechanism of
non-local activation and local inhibition. Over a single
generation, the revised FK model calculations predict a "hen
and chicks" dynamic pattern with mature trees surrounded by
new seedlings growing at characteristic spatial distances in
agreement with field data. Over longer timescales, the
importance of stochastic dynamics, such as those associated
with randomly occurring light gaps, increase thereby causing
a substantial deviation between predictions from the
deterministic FK model and its stochastic counterpart
derived to account for such random disturbances. At still
longer timescales, however, statistical measures of the
spatial organization, specifically the spatial density of
mature trees and their minimum spacing, converge between
these two model representations. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All
rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.physd.2009.03.004},
Key = {fds260477}
}
@article{fds260467,
Author = {Phillips, OL and Aragão, LEOC and Lewis, SL and Fisher, JB and Lloyd,
J and López-González, G and Malhi, Y and Monteagudo, A and Peacock, J and Quesada, CA and van der Heijden, G and Almeida, S and Amaral, I and Arroyo, L and Aymard, G and Baker, TR and Bánki, O and Blanc, L and Bonal,
D and Brando, P and Chave, J and de Oliveira, ACA and Cardozo, ND and Czimczik, CI and Feldpausch, TR and Freitas, MA and Gloor, E and Higuchi, N and Jiménez, E and Lloyd, G and Meir, P and Mendoza, C and Morel, A and Neill, DA and Nepstad, D and Patiño, S and Peñuela, MC and Prieto, A and Ramírez, F and Schwarz, M and Silva, J and Silveira, M and Thomas, AS and Steege, HT and Stropp, J and Vásquez, R and Zelazowski,
P and Alvarez Dávila and E and Andelman, S and Andrade, A and Chao, K-J and Erwin, T and Di Fiore and A and Honorio C and E and Keeling, H and Killeen,
TJ and Laurance, WF and Peña Cruz and A and Pitman, NCA and Núñez
Vargas, P and Ramírez-Angulo, H and Rudas, A and Salamão, R and Silva,
N and Terborgh, J and Torres-Lezama, A},
Title = {Drought sensitivity of the Amazon rainforest.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {323},
Number = {5919},
Pages = {1344-1347},
Year = {2009},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1164033},
Abstract = {Amazon forests are a key but poorly understood component of
the global carbon cycle. If, as anticipated, they dry this
century, they might accelerate climate change through carbon
losses and changed surface energy balances. We used records
from multiple long-term monitoring plots across Amazonia to
assess forest responses to the intense 2005 drought, a
possible analog of future events. Affected forest lost
biomass, reversing a large long-term carbon sink, with the
greatest impacts observed where the dry season was unusually
intense. Relative to pre-2005 conditions, forest subjected
to a 100-millimeter increase in water deficit lost 5.3
megagrams of aboveground biomass of carbon per hectare. The
drought had a total biomass carbon impact of 1.2 to 1.6
petagrams (1.2 x 10(15) to 1.6 x 10(15) grams). Amazon
forests therefore appear vulnerable to increasing moisture
stress, with the potential for large carbon losses to exert
feedback on climate change.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1164033},
Key = {fds260467}
}
@article{fds260466,
Author = {Gloor, M and Phillips, OL and Lloyd, JJ and Lewis, SL and Malhi, Y and Baker, TR and López-Gonzalez, G and Peacock, J and Almeida, S and de
Oliveira, ACA and Alvarez, E and Amaral, I and Arroyo, L and Aymard, G and Banki, O and Blanc, L and Bonal, D and Brando, P and Chao, KJ and Chave, J and Dávila, N and Erwin, T and Silva, J and Di Fiore and A and Feldpausch, TR and Freitas, A and Herrera, R and Higuchi, N and Honorio, E and Jiménez, E and Killeen, T and Laurance, W and Mendoza, C and Monteagudo, A and Andrade,
A and Neill, D and Nepstad, D and Vargas, PN and Peñuela, MC and Cruz, AP and Prieto, A and Pitman, N and Quesada, C and Salomão, R and Silveira, M and Schwarz, M and Stropp, J and Ramírez, F and Ramírez, H and Rudas, A and ter Steege, H and Silva, N and Torres, A and Terborgh, J and Vásquez,
R and van der Heijden, G},
Title = {Does the disturbance hypothesis explain the biomass increase
in basin-wide Amazon forest plot data?},
Journal = {Global Change Biology},
Volume = {15},
Number = {10},
Pages = {2418-2430},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1354-1013},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01891.x},
Abstract = {Positive aboveground biomass trends have been reported from
old-growth forests across the Amazon basin and hypothesized
to reflect a large-scale response to exterior forcing. The
result could, however, be an artefact due to a sampling bias
induced by the nature of forest growth dynamics. Here, we
characterize statistically the disturbance process in Amazon
old-growth forests as recorded in 135 forest plots of the
RAINFOR network up to 2006, and other independent research
programmes, and explore the consequences of sampling
artefacts using a data-based stochastic simulator. Over the
observed range of annual aboveground biomass losses,
standard statistical tests show that the distribution of
biomass losses through mortality follow an exponential or
near-identical Weibull probability distribution and not a
power law as assumed by others. The simulator was
parameterized using both an exponential disturbance
probability distribution as well as a mixed
exponential-power law distribution to account for potential
large-scale blowdown events. In both cases, sampling biases
turn out to be too small to explain the gains detected by
the extended RAINFOR plot network. This result lends further
support to the notion that currently observed biomass gains
for intact forests across the Amazon are actually occurring
over large scales at the current time, presumably as a
response to climate change. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing
Ltd.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01891.x},
Key = {fds260466}
}
@article{fds322611,
Author = {Quesada, CA and Lloyd, J and Schwarz, M and Baker, TR and Phillips, OL and Patiño, S and Czimczik, C and Hodnett, MG and Herrera, R and Arneth, A and Lloyd, G and Malhi, Y and Dezzeo, N and Luizão, FJ and Santos, AJB and Schmerler, J and Arroyo, L and Silveira, M and Priante Filho and N and Jimenez, EM and Paiva, R and Vieira, I and Neill, DA and Silva, N and Peñuela, MC and Monteagudo, A and Vásquez, R and Prieto, A and Rudas,
A and Almeida, S and Higuchi, N and Lezama, AT and López-González, G and Peacock, J and Fyllas, NM and Alvarez Dávila and E and Erwin, T and Di
Fiore, A and Chao, KJ and Honorio, E and Killeen, T and Peña Cruz and A and Pitman, N and Núñez Vargas and P and Salomão, R and Terborgh, J and Ramírez, H},
Title = {Regional and large-scale patterns in Amazon forest structure
and function are mediated by variations in soil physical and
chemical properties},
Journal = {Biogeosciences Discussions},
Volume = {6},
Number = {2},
Pages = {3993-4057},
Publisher = {Copernicus GmbH},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-6-3993-2009},
Abstract = {Forest structure and dynamics have been noted to vary across
the Amazon Basin in an east-west gradient in a pattern which
coincides with variations in soil fertility and geology.
This has resulted in the hypothesis that soil fertility may
play an important role in explaining Basin-wide variations
in forest biomass, growth and stem turnover rates. To test
this hypothesis and assess the importance of edaphic
properties in affect forest structure and dynamics, soil and
plant samples were collected in a total of 59 different
forest plots across the Amazon Basin. Samples were analysed
for exchangeable cations, C, N, pH with various P fractions
also determined. Physical properties were also examined and
an index of soil physical quality developed. Overall, forest
structure and dynamics were found to be strongly and
quantitatively related to edaphic conditions. Tree turnover
rates emerged to be mostly influenced by soil physical
properties whereas forest growth rates were mainly related
to a measure of available soil phosphorus, although also
dependent on rainfall amount and distribution. On the other
hand, large scale variations in forest biomass could not be
explained by any of the edaphic properties measured, nor by
variation in climate. A new hypothesis of self-maintaining
forest dynamic feedback mechanisms initiated by edaphic
conditions is proposed. It is further suggested that this is
a major factor determining forest disturbance levels,
species composition and forest productivity on a Basin wide
scale. © 2011 Author(s).},
Doi = {10.5194/bgd-6-3993-2009},
Key = {fds322611}
}
@article{fds260488,
Author = {Feeley, KJ and Terborgh, JW},
Title = {Direct versus indirect effects of habitat reduction on the
loss of avian species from tropical forest
fragments},
Journal = {Animal Conservation},
Volume = {11},
Number = {5},
Pages = {353-360},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2008},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1367-9430},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2008.00182.x},
Abstract = {Tropical forest fragments typically decrease in avian
diversity at rates inversely related to area. However, the
mechanisms by which area reduction drives avian species loss
remain poorly understood. Changes in habitat area may
directly lead to species loss through stochastic
fluctuations of reduced populations. Alternatively,
area-dependent changes in top-down and bottom-up processes
associated with fragmentation may indirectly lead to
accelerated avian extinctions. For example, on land-bridge
islands in Lago Guri, Venezuela, fragmentation has resulted
in complex changes in the biotic environments through
altered abundances of nest predators and generalist
herbivores. Using path analysis, we quantified the relative
importance of these indirect versus direct effects of area
reduction on the rates of avian species loss from 11
fragments during the period 1993-2003. Area reduction had a
direct effect on species loss but this was relatively minor
compared with indirect effects, especially those mediated
through changes in herbivore abundances: species loss was
slowed on islands occupied by hyperdense howler monkeys and
accelerated on islands with leaf-cutter ants but lacking
howlers. The effects of herbivores on bird species loss are
likely indirect and resulting from bottom-up processes. The
primacy of indirect effects at Lago Guri suggests that the
loss of species from forest fragments may be driven by
active biotic processes (i.e. changes in trophic structure)
and is not only a passive response to reduction in habitat
area per se. These findings have important implications for
the design and management of reserves aimed at protecting
birds and other threatened species. © Journal compilation
© 2008 The Zoological Society of London.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-1795.2008.00182.x},
Key = {fds260488}
}
@article{fds260487,
Author = {Feeley, KJ and Terborgh, JW},
Title = {Trophic drivers of species loss from fragments},
Journal = {Animal Conservation},
Volume = {11},
Number = {5},
Pages = {366-368},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2008},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1367-9430},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2008.00207.x},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-1795.2008.00207.x},
Key = {fds260487}
}
@article{fds260489,
Author = {Terborgh, J and Nuñez-Iturri, G and Pitman, NCA and Valverde, FHC and Alvarez, P and Swamy, V and Pringle, EG and Paine,
CET},
Title = {Tree recruitment in an empty forest.},
Journal = {Ecology},
Volume = {89},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1757-1768},
Year = {2008},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0012-9658},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-0479.1},
Abstract = {To assess how the decimation of large vertebrates by hunting
alters recruitment processes in a tropical forest, we
compared the sapling cohorts of two structurally and
compositionally similar forests in the Rio Manu floodplain
in southeastern Peru. Large vertebrates were severely
depleted at one site, Boca Manu (BM), whereas the other,
Cocha Cashu Biological Station (CC), supported an intact
fauna. At both sites we sampled small (> or =1 m tall, <1 cm
dbh) and large (> or =1 cm and <10 cm dbh) saplings in the
central portion of 4-ha plots within which all trees > or
=10 cm dbh were mapped and identified. This design ensured
that all conspecific adults within at least 50 m (BM) or 55
m (CC) of any sapling would have known locations. We used
the Janzen-Connell model to make five predictions about the
sapling cohorts at BM with respect to CC: (1) reduced
overall sapling recruitment, (2) increased recruitment of
species dispersed by abiotic means, (3) altered relative
abundances of species, (4) prominence of large-seeded
species among those showing depressed recruitment, and (5)
little or no tendency for saplings to cluster closer to
adults at BM. Our results affirmed each of these
predictions. Interpreted at face value, the evidence
suggests that few species are demographically stable at BM
and that up to 28% are increasing and 72% decreasing. Loss
of dispersal function allows species dispersed abiotically
and by small birds and mammals to substitute for those
dispersed by large birds and mammals. Although we regard
these conclusions as preliminary, over the long run, the
observed type of directional change in tree composition is
likely to result in biodiversity loss and negative feedbacks
on both the animal and plant communities. Our results
suggest that the best, and perhaps only, way to prevent
compositional change and probable loss of diversity in
tropical tree communities is to prohibit
hunting.},
Doi = {10.1890/07-0479.1},
Key = {fds260489}
}
@misc{fds154933,
Author = {J.W. Terborgh and J.A. Estes},
Title = {Trophic Cascades},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds154933}
}
@misc{fds154931,
Author = {J.W. Terborgh and K. Feeley},
Title = {Ecosystem Decay in Closed Forest Fragments},
Booktitle = {Tropical Forest Community Ecology},
Year = {2008},
ISBN = {978-1-4051-1897-2},
Key = {fds154931}
}
@article{fds260465,
Author = {Pringle, EG and Álvarez-Loayza, P and Terborgh,
J},
Title = {Seed characteristics and susceptibility to pathogen attack
in tree seeds of the Peruvian Amazon},
Journal = {Plant Ecology},
Volume = {193},
Number = {2},
Pages = {211-222},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1385-0237},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-006-9259-4},
Abstract = {Many studies now suggest that pathogens can cause high
levels of mortality in seeds and seedlings. Recruitment from
seed to sapling is an important bottleneck for many tree
species, and if specialist or generalist pathogens have
differential negative effects among species of juvenile
trees, then they may have a significant impact on forest
community structure. To explore the effects of differential
pathogen attack among tropical tree species, we quantified
pathogen attack on the seeds of 16 tree species from the
southeastern Peruvian Amazon and asked which seed
characteristics, including size, hardness, germination time
and mode, shade tolerance, and fruit type, were most closely
correlated with susceptibility to pathogens. Shade tolerance
and seed weight were positively and significantly correlated
with susceptibility to pathogen attack by ecological trait
regressions (ETRs), and correspondence analysis indicated
that there might be increased attack rates in species with
brightly colored, pulpy fruits (often dispersed by
primates). Only shade tolerance was significantly correlated
with pathogen attack when the analyses accounted for
phylogenetic relatedness between species. Thus, contrary to
standard predictions of size-defense ratios, our results
suggest that larger, shade-tolerant seeds tend to be more
susceptible to pathogen attack than smaller, light-dependent
seeds. Moreover, differential pathogen attack may shape seed
community composition, which may affect the successful
recruitment of adults. © 2007 Springer Science+Business
Media, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1007/s11258-006-9259-4},
Key = {fds260465}
}
@article{fds322612,
Author = {Lewis, SL and Phillips, OL and Baker, TR and Lloyd, J and Malhi, Y and Almeida, S and Higuchi, N and Laurance, WF and Neill, DA and Silva, JNM and Terborgh, J and Lezama, AT and Martínez, RV and Brown, S and Chave, J and Kuebler, C and Vargas, PN and Vinceti, B},
Title = {Late twentieth-century trends in the structure and dynamics
of South American forests},
Pages = {143-154},
Booktitle = {Tropical Forests and Global Atmospheric Change},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Year = {2007},
Month = {September},
ISBN = {0198567065},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198567066.003.0012},
Abstract = {Widespread recent changes in the ecology of old-growth
tropical forests have been documented, in particular an
increase in stem turnover (pan-tropical), and an increase in
above-ground biomass (neotropical). Whether these changes
are synchronous and whether changes in growth are also
occurring is not known. This chapter reports assesses
changes from fifty long-term plots from across South America
spanning 1971-2002. The key findings are significant
increases in: basal area (BA: sum of the cross-sectional
areas of all trees in a plot) (by approximately 0.10 square
meters per hectare per year); stand-level BA growth;
stand-level BA mortality; stem density (about 0.94stems per
hectare per year); stem recruitment; and stem mortality. The
gain terms (BA growth, stem recruitment) consistently
exceeded the loss terms (BA loss, stem mortality)
throughout, suggesting that whatever process is driving
these changes was already acting before the plot network was
established. Long-term, simultaneous increases in growth, BA
and stem density imply a continent-wide increase in resource
availability which is affecting productivity and forest
dynamics. Changes in incoming solar radiation, increases in
atmospheric concentrations of CO2, and temperature
increases, may all have increased resource supply over
recent decades, accelerating growth and dynamics in the
world's largest tropical forest.},
Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198567066.003.0012},
Key = {fds322612}
}
@article{fds260464,
Author = {Lopez, L and Terborgh, J},
Title = {Seed predation and seedling herbivory as factors in tree
recruitment failure on predator-free forested
islands},
Journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
Volume = {23},
Number = {2},
Pages = {129-137},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {2007},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0266-4674},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0266467406003828},
Abstract = {Sapling mortality exceeds recruitment for many species of
trees in the dry forest of 16-y-old islets in Lago Guri,
Venezuela. Failure of sapling recruitment is potentially
attributable to the aberrant animal communities of these
islands. Predators of vertebrates are absent and densities
of pollinators and seed dispersers are substantially reduced
in comparison to the nearby mainland. In contrast, predators
of invertebrates, rodents and generalist herbivores
(leaf-cutter ants, howler monkeys, common iguanas) are
present at greatly elevated densities. Given these
distortions in the animal community, recruitment failure of
saplings could potentially be attributable to several
causes: reduced pollination or seed dispersal, excessive
seed predation or seedling herbivory. Two of these
hypotheses are tested herein. The seed predation hypothesis
predicts greater seed removal in the presence of
hyperabundant rodents, and the seedling herbivory hypothesis
predicts reduced seedling survival in the presence of
hyperabundant herbivores. Seed removal trials were conducted
with 18 species of forest trees, using both exposed and
lightly buried seeds. Seed removal was not generally higher
on islands supporting hyperabundant rodents, contrary to the
seed predation hypothesis. Seedlings exposed to herbivores
for 4 mo suffered the highest mortality on small islands
supporting hyperabundant rodents and leaf-cutter ants.
Saplings survived equally well in cages open to arthropods +
rodents as in cages open only to arthropods, suggesting that
there was no additive effect of rodents on seedling
mortality. Current evidence points to excessive seedling
herbivory by arthropods, especially by leaf-cutter ants, as
the principal cause of recruitment failure on predator-free
Lago Guri islets. Copyright © 2007 Cambridge University
Press.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0266467406003828},
Key = {fds260464}
}
@article{fds260462,
Author = {Malhi, Y and Wood, D and Baker, TR and Wright, J and Phillips, OL and Cochrane, T and Meir, P and Chave, J and Almeida, S and Arroyo, L and Higuchi, N and Killeen, TJ and Laurance, SG and Laurance, WF and Lewis,
SL and Monteagudo, A and Neill, DA and Vargas, PN and Pitman, NCA and Quesada, CA and Salomão, R and Silva, JNM and Lezama, AT and Terborgh,
J and Martínez, RV and Vinceti, B},
Title = {The regional variation of aboveground live biomass in
old-growth Amazonian forests},
Journal = {Global Change Biology},
Volume = {12},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1107-1138},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2006},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1354-1013},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01120.x},
Abstract = {The biomass of tropical forests plays an important role in
the global carbon cycle, both as a dynamic reservoir of
carbon, and as a source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere
in areas undergoing deforestation. However, the absolute
magnitude and environmental determinants of tropical forest
biomass are still poorly understood. Here, we present a new
synthesis and interpolation of the basal area and
aboveground live biomass of old-growth lowland tropical
forests across South America, based on data from 227 forest
plots, many previously unpublished. Forest biomass was
analyzed in terms of two uncorrelated factors: basal area
and mean wood density. Basal area is strongly affected by
local landscape factors, but is relatively invariant at
regional scale in moist tropical forests, and declines
significantly at the dry periphery of the forest zone. Mean
wood density is inversely correlated with forest dynamics,
being lower in the dynamic forests of western Amazonia and
high in the slow-growing forests of eastern Amazonia. The
combination of these two factors results in biomass being
highest in the moderately seasonal, slow growing forests of
central Amazonia and the Guyanas (up to 350 Mg dry weight
ha-1) and declining to 200-250 Mg dry weight ha-1 at the
western, southern and eastern margins. Overall, we estimate
the total aboveground live biomass of intact Amazonian
rainforests (area 5.76 × 106 km2 in 2000) to be 93±23 Pg
C, taking into account lianas and small trees. Including
dead biomass and belowground biomass would increase this
value by approximately 10% and 21%, respectively, but the
spatial variation of these additional terms still needs to
be quantified. © 2006 Blackwell Publishing
Ltd.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01120.x},
Key = {fds260462}
}
@article{fds260463,
Author = {Terborgh, J and Feeley, K and Silman, M and Nuñez, P and Balukjian,
B},
Title = {Vegetation dynamics of predator-free land-bridge
islands},
Journal = {Journal of Ecology},
Volume = {94},
Number = {2},
Pages = {253-263},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2006},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0022-0477},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01106.x},
Abstract = {1 We tested the 'green world' hypothesis of Hairston, Smith
and Slobodkin by monitoring vegetation change on recently
created predator-free land-bridge islands in a huge
hydroelectric impoundment, Lago Guri, in the State of
Bolivar, Venezuela. 2 Our results affirm the green world
hypothesis and expose the operation of a strong top-down
trophic cascade that negatively impacted nearly every plant
species present, implying that community stability is
maintained through the action of predators. 3 To test the
hypothesis, we monitored vegetation on nine predator-free
islands and compared demographic parameters to those
observed at control sites supporting complete or nearly
complete suites of predators. 4 Herbivore abundance was high
on 'small' (≥ 0.5, < 2 ha) islands, moderate on 'medium'
islands (> 3, < 15 ha) and low on the 'large' landmasses
that served for reference. 5 Small sapling densities on
small islands were only 37% of controls in 1997 (after 11
years of isolation), and when recensused in 2002, had fallen
to 25% of controls. High mortality and, especially, low
recruitment contributed to the decline in sapling cohorts. 6
Sapling decline occurred earlier on small islands, although
recruitment failure had become equally pronounced on medium
islands by the end of the monitoring period. 7 Several
mechanisms could potentially account for suppressed sapling
recruitment, but the weight of evidence points to herbivory
on seedlings and small saplings by leaf-cutter ants (Atta
spp. and Acromyrmex sp.). Exposure to prevailing trade winds
(windward vs. leeward slopes of islands) had no detectable
effect on the density or diversity of seedlings or saplings.
© 2006 British Ecological Society.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01106.x},
Key = {fds260463}
}
@article{fds260460,
Author = {Feeley, KJ and Terborgh, JW},
Title = {Habitat fragmentation and effects of herbivore (howler
monkey) abundances on bird species richness.},
Journal = {Ecology},
Volume = {87},
Number = {1},
Pages = {144-150},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0012-9658},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16634305},
Abstract = {Habitat fragmentation can alter herbivore abundances,
potentially causing changes in the plant community that can
propagate through the food web and eventually influence
other important taxonomic groups such as birds. Here we test
the relationship between the density of red howler monkeys
(Alouatta seniculus) and bird species richness on a large
set of recently isolated land-bridge islands in Lago Guri,
Venezuela (n = 29 islands). Several of these islands host
relict populations of howler monkeys at densities up to more
than 30 times greater than those on the mainland. These
"hyperabundant" herbivores previously have been shown to
have a strong positive influence on aboveground plant
productivity. We predicted that this should lead to a
positive, indirect effect of howler monkey density on bird
species richness. After accounting for passive sampling (the
tendency for species richness to be positively associated
with island area, regardless of differences in habitat
quality) we found a significant positive correlation between
howler monkey density and bird species richness. A path
analysis incorporating data on tree growth rates from a
subset of islands (n = 9) supported the hypothesis that the
effect of howler monkeys on the resident bird communities is
indirect and is mediated through changes in plant
productivity and habitat quality. These results highlight
the potential for disparate taxonomic groups to be related
through indirect interactions and trophic
cascades.},
Doi = {10.1890/05-0652},
Key = {fds260460}
}
@article{fds260461,
Author = {Feeley, KJ and Gillespie, TW and Terborgh, JW},
Title = {The utility of spectral indices from Landsat ETM+ for
measuring the structure and composition of tropical dry
forests},
Journal = {Biotropica},
Volume = {37},
Number = {4},
Pages = {508-519},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2005},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0006-3606},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2005.00069.x},
Abstract = {There is a growing emphasis on developing methods for
quantifying the structure and composition of tropical
forests that can be applied over large landscapes,
especially for tropical dry forests that are severely
fragmented and have a high conservation priority. This study
investigates the relationships between various measures of
forest structure (annual woody increment, canopy closure,
stand density, stand basal area) and composition (tree
species diversity, tree community composition) measured in
semi-deciduous tropical dry forests on islands in Lago Guri,
Venezuela and three spectral indices derived from Landsat
ETM+: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI),
Infrared Index (IRI), and Mid-Infrared Index (MIRI). Even
though there were significant autocorrelations among
spectral indices, there were significant differences in the
relationships between spectral indices and forest
attributes. IRI was not significantly correlated with any of
the structural variables while MIRI was correlated with
canopy closure and NDVI values were correlated with canopy
closure as well as annual woody increment. NDVI and MIRI
were both related to relative tree diversity and all three
indices were associated with aspects of tree species
composition. Based on the results of this study, it appears
that spectral indices, and in particular NDVI, may be useful
indicators of forest attributes in tropical dry forest
habitats. Further research needs to be undertaken to
identify if the results of this study can be applied to
other tropical dry forests at a global spatial
scale.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1744-7429.2005.00069.x},
Key = {fds260461}
}
@article{fds260459,
Author = {Lopez, GO and Terborgh, J and Ceballos, N},
Title = {Food selection by a hyperdense population of red howler
monkeys (Alouatta seniculus)},
Journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
Volume = {21},
Number = {4},
Pages = {445-450},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {2005},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0266467405002415},
Abstract = {We studied diet choice by a generalist herbivore, the red
howler monkey (Alouatta seniculus) under conditions of high
and normal population density. Densities equivalent to
800-1000 km-2 (roughly 20-40 times normal) occurred in
populations trapped on small, predator-free islands in Lago
Guri, Venezuela. For three successive years, we studied one
such population, a group of six animals living on a 0.6-ha
island and compared its feeding ecology to that of two
groups living at normal densities on a 190-ha island. The
0.6-ha island supported a total of 351 trees > 10 cm dbh of
46 species, whereas > 100 species probably occurred within
the 16- and 23-ha home ranges of the two large-island howler
troops. Small-island howlers were thus predicted to consume
fewer resources, in particular less fruit, and to be less
selective in diet choice than large-island howlers. As
predicted, small-island howlers consumed fewer resources and
obtained a smaller fraction of their intake from rare tree
species (those contributing < 1% of basal area).
Small-island howlers consumed less fruit (2% of feeding time
vs. 22%) and more foliage (73% vs. 55%) than the
large-island groups. Diet breadth of small-island howlers
was markedly less than that of their large-island
counterparts. Tree species not present on the small island
contributed > 60% of leaf consumption by large-island
howlers. Foliage sources preferred by large-island howlers
were different in each of 3 years, whereas foliage of the
same species of tree consistently ranked first on the small
island. Long-term persistence (17 y) of self-perpetuating
howler groups on Lago Guri islets at > 20 times normal
density strongly suggests that food availability does not
limit mainland populations. Copyright © 2005 Cambridge
University Press.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0266467405002415},
Key = {fds260459}
}
@article{fds260457,
Author = {Feeley, KJ and Terborgh, JW},
Title = {The effects of herbivore density on soil nutrients and tree
growth in tropical forest fragments},
Journal = {Ecology},
Volume = {86},
Number = {1},
Pages = {116-124},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0012-9658},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/03-0657},
Abstract = {The role of herbivores in nutrient cycling in tropical
forest ecosystems remains poorly understood. This study
investigates several aspects of nutrient cycling along a
gradient in herbivore (Alouatta seniculus, red howler
monkey) density among small landbridge islands in Lago Guri,
Venezuela. Specifically, two contrasting hypotheses were
addressed: (1) herbivores increase the availability of soil
nutrients and subsequently primary productivity, and (2)
herbivores decrease nutrient availability and primary
productivity because they increase the dominance of
non-preferred, nutrient-poor, tree species. Although C:N
increased with herbivore density, the annual increase in
basal area (an indicator of aboveground productivity)
increased with herbivore density. According to an analysis
of the tree communities on the study islands, herbivory may
also be causing a shift in the tree community toward
non-preferred species, and thus, over a longer time scale,
both nutrient availability and productivity are expected to
decline. The influence of herbivores on nutrient cycling and
plant productivity has important implications for
conservation and rates of carbon sequestration in tropical
forests.},
Doi = {10.1890/03-0657},
Key = {fds260457}
}
@article{fds260458,
Author = {Andrade, GI and Terborgh, J},
Title = {Science and society at the World Parks Congress (multiple
letters)},
Journal = {Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for
Conservation Biology},
Volume = {19},
Number = {1},
Pages = {4-5},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.l08_1.x},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.l08_1.x},
Key = {fds260458}
}
@article{fds260456,
Author = {Lewis, SL and Phillips, OL and Sheil, D and Vinceti, B and Baker, TR and Brown, S and Graham, AW and Higuchi, N and Hilbert, DW and Laurance, WF and Lejoly, J and Malhi, Y and Monteagudo, A and Vargas, PN and Sonké, B and Nur Supardi and MN and Terborgh, JW and Martínez,
RV},
Title = {Tropical forest tree mortality, recruitment and turnover
rates: Calculation, interpretation and comparison when
census intervals vary},
Journal = {Journal of Ecology},
Volume = {92},
Number = {6},
Pages = {929-944},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2004},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0022-0477},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-0477.2004.00923.x},
Abstract = {1 Mathematical proofs show that rate estimates, for example
of mortality and recruitment, will decrease with increasing
census interval when obtained from censuses of
non-homogeneous populations. This census interval effect
could be confounding or perhaps even driving conclusions
from comparative studies involving such rate estimates. 2 We
quantify this artefact for tropical forest trees, develop
correction methods and re-assess some previously published
conclusions about forest dynamics. 3 Mortality rates of > 50
species at each of seven sites in Africa, Latin America,
Asia and Australia were used as subpopulations to simulate
stand-level mortality rates in a heterogeneous population
when census intervals varied: all sites showed decreasing
stand mortality rates with increasing census interval
length. 4 Stand-level mortality rates from 14 multicensus
long-term forest plots from Africa, Latin America, Asia and
Australia also showed that, on average, mortality rates
decreased with increasing census interval length. 5
Mortality, recruitment or turnover rates with differing
census interval lengths can be compared using the mean rate
of decline from the 14 long-term plots to standardize
estimates to a common census length using λcorr = λ ×
t0.08, where λ is the rate and t is time between censuses
in years. This simple general correction should reduce the
bias associated with census interval variation, where it is
unavoidable. 6 Re-analysis of published results shows that
the pan-tropical increase in stem turnover rates over the
late 20th century cannot be attributed to combining data
with differing census intervals. In addition, after
correction, Old World tropical forests do not have
significantly lower turnover rates than New World sites, as
previously reported. Our pan-tropical best estimate adjusted
stem turnover rate is 1.81 ± 0.16% a-1 (mean ± 95% CI, n =
65). 7 As differing census intervals affect comparisons of
mortality, recruitment and turnover rates, and can lead to
erroneous conclusions, standardized field methods, the
calculation of local correction factors at sites where
adequate data are available, or the use of our general
standardizing formula to take account of sample intervals,
are to be recommended.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.0022-0477.2004.00923.x},
Key = {fds260456}
}
@article{fds260453,
Author = {Peters, HA and Pauw, A and Silman, MR and Terborgh,
JW},
Title = {Falling palm fronds structure amazonian rainforest sapling
communities.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological
Sciences},
Volume = {271 Suppl 5},
Pages = {S367-S369},
Year = {2004},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0962-8452},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15504020},
Abstract = {The senescence and loss of photosynthetic and support
structures is a nearly universal aspect of tree life
history, and can be a major source of disturbance in forest
understoreys, but the ability of falling canopy debris in
determining the stature and composition of understorey
communities seems not to have been documented. In this
study, we show that senescent fronds of the palm Iriartea
deltoidea cause substantial disturbance in tropical forest
sapling communities. This disturbance influences the species
composition of the canopy and subcanopy by acting as an
ecological filter, favouring sapling species with
characteristics conducive to recovery after physical damage.
The scale of this dominance suggests that falling I.
deltoidea debris may be influencing sapling community
structure and species composition in Amazonian rainforests
over very large spatial scales.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2004.0197},
Key = {fds260453}
}
@article{fds260454,
Author = {Terborgh, J},
Title = {Reflections of a Scientist on the World Parks
Congress},
Journal = {Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for
Conservation Biology},
Volume = {18},
Number = {3},
Pages = {619-620},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2004},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.01837.x},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.01837.x},
Key = {fds260454}
}
@article{fds260452,
Author = {Malhi, Y and Baker, TR and Phillips, OL and Almeida, S and Alvarez, E and Arroyo, L and Chave, J and Czimczik, CI and Di Fiore and A and Higuchi, N and Killeen, TJ and Laurance, SG and Laurance, WF and Lewis, SL and Montoya,
LMM and Monteagudo, A and Neill, DA and Vargas, PN and Patino, S and Pitman, NCA and Quesada, CA and Salomao, R and Silva, JNM and Lezama,
AT and Martínez, RV and Terborgh, J and Vinceti, B and Lloyd,
J},
Title = {The above-ground coarse wood productivity of 104 Neotropical
forest plots},
Journal = {Global Change Biology},
Volume = {10},
Number = {5},
Pages = {563-591},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2004},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00778.x},
Abstract = {The net primary production of tropical forests and its
partitioning between long-lived carbon pools (wood) and
shorter-lived pools (leaves, fine roots) are of considerable
importance in the global carbon cycle. However, these terms
have only been studied at a handful of field sites, and with
no consistent calculation methodology. Here we calculate
above-ground coarse wood carbon productivity for 104 forest
plots in lowland New World humid tropical forests, using a
consistent calculation methodology that incorporates
corrections for spatial variations in tree-size
distributions and wood density, and for census interval
length. Mean wood density is found to be lower in more
productive forests. We estimate that above-ground coarse
wood productivity varies by more than a factor of three
(between 1.5 and 5.5 Mg C ha-1a-1) across the Neotropical
plots, with a mean value of 3.1 Mg C ha-a-1. There appear to
be no obvious relationships between wood productivity and
rainfall, dry season length or sunshine, but there is some
hint of increased productivity at lower temperatures. There
is, however, also strong evidence for a positive
relationship between wood productivity and soil fertility.
Fertile soils tend to become more common towards the Andes
and at slightly higher than average elevations, so the
apparent temperature/productivity relationship is probably
not a direct one. Coarse wood productivity accounts for only
a fraction of overall tropical forest net primary
productivity, but the available data indicate that it is
approximately proportional to total above-ground
productivity. We speculate that the large variation in wood
productivity is unlikely to directly imply an equivalent
variation in gross primary production. Instead a shifting
balance in carbon allocation between respiration, wood
carbon and fine root production seems the more likely
explanation. © 2004 Blackwell Publishing
Ltd.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00778.x},
Key = {fds260452}
}
@article{fds260449,
Author = {Lewis, SL and Phillips, OL and Baker, TR and Lloyd, J and Malhi, Y and Almeida, S and Higuchi, N and Laurance, WF and Neill, DA and Silva, JNM and Terborgh, J and Lezama, AT and Martínez, RV and Brown, S and Chave, J and Kuebler, C and Vargas, PN and Vinceti, B},
Title = {Concerted changes in tropical forest structure and dynamics:
evidence from 50 South American long-term
plots.},
Journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological Sciences},
Volume = {359},
Number = {1443},
Pages = {421-436},
Year = {2004},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0962-8436},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1431},
Abstract = {Several widespread changes in the ecology of old-growth
tropical forests have recently been documented for the late
twentieth century, in particular an increase in stem
turnover (pan-tropical), and an increase in above-ground
biomass (neotropical). Whether these changes are synchronous
and whether changes in growth are also occurring is not
known. We analysed stand-level changes within 50 long-term
monitoring plots from across South America spanning
1971-2002. We show that: (i) basal area (BA: sum of the
cross-sectional areas of all trees in a plot) increased
significantly over time (by 0.10 +/- 0.04 m2 ha(-1) yr(-1),
mean +/- 95% CI); as did both (ii) stand-level BA growth
rates (sum of the increments of BA of surviving trees and BA
of new trees that recruited into a plot); and (iii)
stand-level BA mortality rates (sum of the cross-sectional
areas of all trees that died in a plot). Similar patterns
were observed on a per-stem basis: (i) stem density (number
of stems per hectare; 1 hectare is 10(4) m2) increased
significantly over time (0.94 +/- 0.63 stems ha(-1) yr(-1));
as did both (ii) stem recruitment rates; and (iii) stem
mortality rates. In relative terms, the pools of BA and stem
density increased by 0.38 +/- 0.15% and 0.18 +/- 0.12%
yr(-1), respectively. The fluxes into and out of these
pools-stand-level BA growth, stand-level BA mortality, stem
recruitment and stem mortality rates-increased, in relative
terms, by an order of magnitude more. The gain terms (BA
growth, stem recruitment) consistently exceeded the loss
terms (BA loss, stem mortality) throughout the period,
suggesting that whatever process is driving these changes
was already acting before the plot network was established.
Large long-term increases in stand-level BA growth and
simultaneous increases in stand BA and stem density imply a
continent-wide increase in resource availability which is
increasing net primary productivity and altering forest
dynamics. Continent-wide changes in incoming solar
radiation, and increases in atmospheric concentrations of
CO2 and air temperatures may have increased resource supply
over recent decades, thus causing accelerated growth and
increased dynamism across the world's largest tract of
tropical forest.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2003.1431},
Key = {fds260449}
}
@article{fds260450,
Author = {Phillips, OL and Baker, TR and Arroyo, L and Higuchi, N and Killeen, TJ and Laurance, WF and Lewis, SL and Lloyd, J and Malhi, Y and Monteagudo, A and Neill, DA and Vargas, PN and Silva, JNM and Terborgh, J and Martínez,
RV and Alexiades, M and Almeida, S and Brown, S and Chave, J and Comiskey,
JA and Czimczik, CI and Di Fiore and A and Erwin, T and Kuebler, C and Laurance, SG and Nascimento, HEM and Olivier, J and Palacios, W and Patiño, S and Pitman, NCA and Quesada, CA and Saldias, M and Lezama,
AT and Vinceti, B},
Title = {Pattern and process in Amazon tree turnover,
1976-2001.},
Journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological Sciences},
Volume = {359},
Number = {1443},
Pages = {381-407},
Year = {2004},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0962-8436},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1438},
Abstract = {Previous work has shown that tree turnover, tree biomass and
large liana densities have increased in mature tropical
forest plots in the late twentieth century. These results
point to a concerted shift in forest ecological processes
that may already be having significant impacts on
terrestrial carbon stocks, fluxes and biodiversity. However,
the findings have proved controversial, partly because a
rather limited number of permanent plots have been monitored
for rather short periods. The aim of this paper is to
characterize regional-scale patterns of 'tree turnover' (the
rate with which trees die and recruit into a population) by
using improved datasets now available for Amazonia that span
the past 25 years. Specifically, we assess whether concerted
changes in turnover are occurring, and if so whether they
are general throughout the Amazon or restricted to one
region or environmental zone. In addition, we ask whether
they are driven by changes in recruitment, mortality or
both. We find that: (i) trees 10 cm or more in diameter
recruit and die twice as fast on the richer soils of
southern and western Amazonia than on the poorer soils of
eastern and central Amazonia; (ii) turnover rates have
increased throughout Amazonia over the past two decades;
(iii) mortality and recruitment rates have both increased
significantly in every region and environmental zone, with
the exception of mortality in eastern Amazonia; (iv)
recruitment rates have consistently exceeded mortality
rates; (v) absolute increases in recruitment and mortality
rates are greatest in western Amazonian sites; and (vi)
mortality appears to be lagging recruitment at regional
scales. These spatial patterns and temporal trends are not
caused by obvious artefacts in the data or the analyses. The
trends cannot be directly driven by a mortality driver (such
as increased drought or fragmentation-related death) because
the biomass in these forests has simultaneously increased.
Our findings therefore indicate that long-acting and
widespread environmental changes are stimulating the growth
and productivity of Amazon forests.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2003.1438},
Key = {fds260450}
}
@article{fds260455,
Author = {Leigh, EG and Davidar, P and Dick, CW and Puyravaud, JP and Terborgh, J and Ter Steege and H and Wright, SJ},
Title = {Why do some tropical forests have so many species of
trees?},
Journal = {Biotropica},
Volume = {36},
Number = {4},
Pages = {447-473},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0006-3606},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2004.tb00342.x},
Abstract = {Understanding why there are so many kinds of tropical trees
requires learning, not only how tree species coexist, but
what factors drive tree speciation and what governs a tree
clade's diversification rate. Many report that hybrid
sterility evolves very slowly between separated tree
populations. If so, tree species rarely originate by
splitting of large populations. Instead, they begin with few
trees. The few studies available suggest that reproductive
isolation between plant populations usually results from
selection driven by lowered fitness of hybrids: speciation
is usually a response to a "niche opportunity." Using
Hubbell's neutral theory of forest dynamics as a null
hypothesis, we show that if new tree species begin as small
populations, species that are now common must have spread
more quickly than chance allows. Therefore, most tree
species have some setting in which they can increase when
rare. Trees face trade-offs in suitability for different
microhabitats, different-sized clearings, different soils
and climates, and resistance to different pests. These
trade-offs underlie the mechanisms maintaining α-diversity
and species turnover. Disturbance and microhabitat
specialization appear insufficient to maintain α-diversity
of tropical trees, although they may maintain tree diversity
north of Mexico or in northern Europe. Many studies show
that where trees grow readily, tree diversity is higher and
temperature and rainfall are less seasonal. The few data
available suggest that pest pressure is higher, maintaining
higher tree diversity, where winter is absent. Tree
α-diversity is also higher in regions with more tree
species, which tend to be larger, free for a longer time
from major shifts of climate, or in the tropics, where there
are more opportunities for local coexistence.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1744-7429.2004.tb00342.x},
Key = {fds260455}
}
@article{fds260448,
Author = {Ter Steege and H and Pitman, N and Sabatier, D and Castellanos, H and Van
Der Hout and P and Daly, DC and Silveira, M and Phillips, O and Vasquez, R and Van Andel and T and Duivenvoorden, J and De Oliveira and AA and Ek, R and Lilwah, R and Thomas, R and Van Essen and J and Baider, C and Maas, P and Mori, S and Terborgh, J and Vargas, PN and Mogollón, H and Morawetz,
W},
Title = {A spatial model of tree α-diversity and tree density for
the Amazon},
Journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
Volume = {12},
Number = {11},
Pages = {2255-2277},
Year = {2003},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024593414624},
Abstract = {Large-scale patterns of Amazonian biodiversity have until
now been obscured by a sparse and scattered inventory
record. Here we present the first comprehensive spatial
model of tree α-diversity and tree density in Amazonian
rainforests, based on the largest-yet compilation of forest
inventories and bolstered by a spatial interpolation
technique that allows us to estimate diversity and density
in areas that have never been inventoried. These data were
then compared to continent-wide patterns of rainfall
seasonality. We find that dry season length, while only
weakly correlated with average tree α-diversity, is a
strong predictor of tree density and of maximum tree
α-diversity. The most diverse forests for any given DSL are
concentrated in a narrow latitudinal band just south of the
equator, while the least diverse forests for any given DSL
are found in the Guayana Shield and Amazonian Bolivia.
Denser forests are more diverse than sparser forests, even
when we used a measure of diversity that corrects for sample
size. We propose that rainfall seasonality regulates tree
α-diversity and tree density by affecting shade tolerance
and subsequently the number of different functional types of
trees that can persist in an area.},
Doi = {10.1023/A:1024593414624},
Key = {fds260448}
}
@article{fds260447,
Author = {Lambert, TD and Adler, GH and Riveros, CM and Lopez, L and Ascanio, R and Terborgh, J},
Title = {Rodents on tropical land-bridge islands},
Journal = {Journal of Zoology},
Volume = {260},
Number = {2},
Pages = {179-187},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2003},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0952836903003637},
Abstract = {The results are reported of a survey of rodents on 10
forested land-bridge islands ranging in size from 0.2 to 350
ha in the state of Bolívar, Venezuela. The islands were
contained within a lake formed c. 12 years before the study
by the damming of the Caroni River for hydroelectric power.
Rodents were sampled on each island by live-trapping along
transects that sampled all available habitat types on each
island, and microhabitat structure was measured at each trap
station. A total of 674 captures of 359 individuals of six
species of rodents was recorded. Species composition changed
from the largest to the smallest islands, and small and
medium islands (0.2-11 ha) displayed the typical effects of
insularity, with fewer species and increased abundances and
biomass. The largest island (350 ha) seemed to function more
like a mainland. Most species were associated with a suite
of microhabitat variables. It is suggested that release from
top-down control by predators was responsible for higher
abundances and biomass on the smaller islands and that
predators moving between large islands and other nearby
landmasses help maintain a mainland community structure on
large islands. However, changes in species composition on
smaller islands may be the result of patchy occurrences of
some species before isolation, changes in microhabitat
structure following isolation, and species-specific
microhabitat requirements.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0952836903003637},
Key = {fds260447}
}
@article{fds260445,
Author = {Russo, SE and Robinson, SK and Terborgh, J},
Title = {Size-abundance relationships in an Amazonian bird community:
implications for the energetic equivalence
rule.},
Journal = {The American Naturalist},
Volume = {161},
Number = {2},
Pages = {267-283},
Year = {2003},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/345938},
Abstract = {We studied size-abundance relationships in a species-rich
Amazonian bird community and found that the slope of the
logarithmic relationship between population density and
bodymass (b = -0.22) is significantly shallower than
expected under Damuth's energetic equivalence rule (EER),
which states that population energy use (PEU) is independent
of species body mass. We used estimates of avian field
metabolic rates to examine the logarithmic relationship
between PEU and body mass and its variation among ecological
guilds. The relationship for all species had a significantly
positive slope (b = 0.46), indicating that PEU of larger
species was greater than that of smaller species. Analyses
of guilds revealed significant variation. The slopes of the
frugivore-omnivore, insectivore, and granivore guilds were
all significantly positive, with that of the
frugivore-omnivore guild being the steepest. In contrast,
PEU did not vary significantly with species body mass among
raptors. These results were confirmed, in analyses using
both species values and phylogenetically independent
contrasts, and the results do not support the EER in this
community. The spatial distribution of resources and
mechanisms of interference competition within guilds may
explain why most patterns differed from the predictions of
the EER. Other sources of variation, including the effects
of scale, are also discussed.},
Doi = {10.1086/345938},
Key = {fds260445}
}
@article{fds260446,
Author = {Silman, MR and Terborgh, JW and Kiltie, RA},
Title = {Population regulation of a dominant rain forest tree by a
major seed predator},
Journal = {Ecology},
Volume = {84},
Number = {2},
Pages = {431-438},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2003},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0431:PROADR]2.0.CO;2},
Abstract = {We take advantage of a fortuitous local extinction and
recolonization of white-lipped peccaries (WLPs) at the Cocha
Cashu Biological Station in southeastern Peru to assess the
impact of this high-biomass seed predator on the recruitment
of a dominant member of the tree community, the palm
Astrocaryum murumuru. WLPs were common at Cocha Cashu in the
mid-1970s. In 1978, the species vanished from the entire
region and did not reappear until 1990. To assess the
impacts of the presence-absence of WLPs on Astrocaryum
recruitment, we conducted transect counts of both the number
and spatial distribution of palm seedlings in 1978 (when
WLPs were present), in 1990 (after a 12-yr absence of WLPs),
and in 1999 (after 10 yr of recovery). Other factors
affecting recruitment, such as climate variability,
differences in tree fecundity, and fluctuations of
vertebrate and invertebrate seed predators were also
examined as alternative hypotheses for any changes in
seedling spatial distribution and abundance. In the absence
of WLPs, the density of Astrocaryum seedlings increased
1.7-fold, and the spatial distribution of seedlings with
respect to safe sites was significantly altered. After the
return of WLPs to the study area, seedling density dropped
to its former level, and the spatial distribution of
seedlings with respect to safe sites returned to the same
pattern found 21 yr earlier in 1978. None of the other
factors investigated varied systematically with the census
intervals. These results demonstrate that the absence of a
single, albeit important, member of a diverse seed predator
guild can have a major impact on the demography of a common
tree species. We infer that individual seed predators can
play central roles in regulating the demography of tropical
trees, as envisioned many years ago by Janzen and Connell,
and that their extirpation or extinction can have cascading
effects in tropical ecosystems.},
Doi = {10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0431:PROADR]2.0.CO;2},
Key = {fds260446}
}
@article{fds260451,
Author = {Aponte, C and Barreto, GR and Terborgh, J},
Title = {Consequences of Habitat Fragmentation on Age Structure and
Life History in a Tortoise Population},
Journal = {Biotropica},
Volume = {35},
Number = {4},
Pages = {550-555},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2003.tb00612.x},
Abstract = {We studied changes in a population of red-footed Amazonian
tortoises, Geochelone carbonaria, consequent to isolation in
an insular forest fragment. Altered age structure,
population density, and body growth rate are shown here for
the first time to be associated responses. Age structure was
strongly biased toward juveniles and growth rates were
reduced compared to the mainland. Our data suggest that
density-dependent processes induced by habitat fragmentation
changed demography and life history parameters in a scant 16
years.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1744-7429.2003.tb00612.x},
Key = {fds260451}
}
@article{fds260444,
Author = {Pitman, NCA and Terborgh, JW and Silman, MR and Núñez V. and P and Neill,
DA and Cerón, CE and Palacios, WA and Aulestia, M},
Title = {A comparison of tree species diversity in two upper
Amazonian forests},
Journal = {Ecology},
Volume = {83},
Number = {11},
Pages = {3210-3224},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2002},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[3210:ACOTSD]2.0.CO;2},
Abstract = {We inventoried two Amazonian tree communities separated by
∼1400 km of continuous lowland tropical forest, in an
effort to understand why one was more diverse than the
other. Yasuní National Park, near the equator in eastern
Ecuador, has one of the most diverse tree communities in the
world. Manu National Park, at 12°S in Peru's Madre de Dios
region, is only moderately diverse by upper Amazonian
standards. Following the field inventories, a database of
morphological, ecological, and other traits was compiled
from the taxonomic literature for 1039 species from the
plots. Our goals were (1) to describe how terra firme tree
communities at the two sites differed in composition,
diversity, and structure; (2) to characterize the "extra"
species responsible for the higher diversity at Yasuní; and
(3) to assess, in the light of those observations, some
explanations for why forests near the equator are so
diverse. Yasuní has ∼1.4 times as many tree species as
Manu at all three spatial scales we examined: local (1 ha),
landscape (<10000 km2), and regional (<100000 km2). Yasuní
samples contain more families and genera, more individual
trees per unit area, and a larger proportion of small trees.
Tree species at Yasuní have smaller stature, larger leaves,
larger seeds, and smaller geographic and altitudinal ranges
than those at Manu, and disproportionate increases in
species diversity are observed within the Myrtaceae,
Lauraceae, Melastomataceae, and several other families.
Community structures were strikingly similar, with the same
species (Iriartea deltoidea, a palm) dominating both sites
at identical densities. Common species at Yasuní occur at
the same densities as equally ranked species at Manu, but
there are substantially more very rare species at Yasuní.
The poorer tree flora is not a nested subset of the richer
tree flora, though a majority of species in each inventory
do occur at the other site. Several models that offer
explanations for geographic variation in tropical tree
species diversity are assessed in light of these data. Most
do a poor job of accounting for the patterns revealed by the
inventories. We speculate that the most important factor in
producing the higher diversity in Yasuní is its rainier,
aseasonal climate, and we discuss two specific
rainfall-related mechanisms that appear to be supported by
the data: (1) year-round water availability allowing more
species to persist in the understory at Yasuní and (2) a
newly described "mixing effect" related to the higher stem
density there.},
Doi = {10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[3210:ACOTSD]2.0.CO;2},
Key = {fds260444}
}
@article{fds260443,
Author = {Henkel, TW and Terborgh, J and Vilgalys, RJ},
Title = {Ectomycorrhizal fungi and their leguminous hosts in the
Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana.},
Journal = {Mycological Research},
Volume = {106},
Number = {5},
Pages = {515-531},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2002},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953756202005919},
Abstract = {Ecologically important ectomycorrhizal (EM) associations are
poorly known from equatorial rain forests of South America.
Recent field studies in the Pakaraima Mountains of western
Guyana revealed previously undocumented forests dominated by
EM leguminous trees, with a rich assemblage of EM
mycobionts. Along transects, basidiomes from 75 species or
morphospecies of putatively EM fungi were spatially
associated with leguminous host trees. These fungi belonged
to the basidiomycete families Boletaceae, Amanitaceae,
Russulaceae, Cortinariaceae, Cantharellaceae, Clavulinaceae,
and Entolomataceae, all of which are poorly documented from
the lowland neotropics. Ectomycorrhizas were confirmed on D.
corymbosa, D. altsonii, and D. jenmanii (Caesalpiniaceae,
tribe Amherstieae), and a fourth species, Aldina insignis
(Papilionaceae). The tribe Amherstieae contains most of the
EM leguminous species forming monodominant forests in
Guineo-Congolian Africa. Dicymbe species constituted the
first record of EM Amherstieae in the New World. A variety
of other co-occurring caesalpiniaceous trees failed to
exhibit ectomycorrhizas. Transect surveys indicated that D.
corymbosa and D. altsonii were: (1) highly clumped and
dominant at specific sites; (2) occurred on soils with
widely varying chemical and textural characteristics; and
(3) the most important hosts for EM fungi in the local
landscape. Dicymbe species have life history attributes,
including the ectomycorrhizal habit, which enhance their
competitive abilities irrespective of soil conditions. The
spatial restriction of EM fungal basidiomes indicated that
discrete groves of EM trees harbour an important component
of regional macromycete diversity.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0953756202005919},
Key = {fds260443}
}
@article{fds260442,
Author = {Beck, H and Terborgh, J},
Title = {Groves versus isolates: How spatial aggregation of
Astrocaryum murumuru palms affects seed removal},
Journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
Volume = {18},
Number = {2},
Pages = {275-288},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {2002},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0266-4674},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0266467402002183},
Abstract = {Palm seeds of the genus Astrocaryum are known to attract a
wide range of seed predators, including insects, rodents and
peccaries. We investigated the removal of seeds of
Astrocaryum murumuru var. macrocalyx in dense groves and
under solitary palms, both within and outside of peccary
exclosures. We set out arrays of 40 seeds at each of 40
sites representing four treatments: In the open and in
peccary exclosures, in groves and under solitary palms. Seed
removal from each site was monitored daily for 55 d.
Infra-red-triggered cameras were installed to identify the
species that removed seeds. From the known and hypothesized
behaviour of vertebrate seed predators under various
circumstances, we predicted that (1) overall seed loss
should be higher under solitary trees, (2) peccaries should
forage preferentially in groves, (3) the variance in the
rate of seed removal should be higher in groves, (4) a
greater fraction of the seeds removed from solitary palms
should be scatterhoarded, and consequently, (5) greater
numbers of seedlings should recruit near solitary palms than
in groves. The first four of these predictions were
confirmed and the last was rejected by the results.
Peccaries preferred to forage in groves, and small rodents
preferred to forage under solitary palms. Whether in groves
or under solitary palms, peccaries preferentially removed
seeds from large arrays (21-40 seeds), and mostly ignored
small arrays (≤ 20 seeds). Camera trapping demonstrated
that the most frequent visitors to seed arrays were
Myoprocta pratti and Proechimys spp. There was no
significant difference in the numbers of seedlings around
trees in groves versus solitary trees.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0266467402002183},
Key = {fds260442}
}
@article{fds260441,
Author = {Condit, R and Pitman, N and Leigh, EG and Chave, J and Terborgh, J and Foster, RB and Núñez, P and Aguilar, S and Valencia, R and Villa, G and Muller-Landau, HC and Losos, E and Hubbell, SP},
Title = {Beta-diversity in tropical forest trees.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {295},
Number = {5555},
Pages = {666-669},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1066854},
Abstract = {The high alpha-diversity of tropical forests has been amply
documented, but beta-diversity-how species composition
changes with distance-has seldom been studied. We present
quantitative estimates of beta-diversity for tropical trees
by comparing species composition of plots in lowland terra
firme forest in Panama, Ecuador, and Peru. We compare
observations with predictions derived from a neutral model
in which habitat is uniform and only dispersal and
speciation influence species turnover. We find that
beta-diversity is higher in Panama than in western Amazonia
and that patterns in both areas are inconsistent with the
neutral model. In Panama, habitat variation appears to
increase species turnover relative to Amazonia, where
unexpectedly low turnover over great distances suggests that
population densities of some species are bounded by as yet
unidentified processes. At intermediate scales in both
regions, observations can be matched by theory, suggesting
that dispersal limitation, with speciation, influences
species turnover.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1066854},
Key = {fds260441}
}
@article{fds260491,
Author = {Terborgh, J and Lopez, L and Nuñez, P and Rao, M and Shahabuddin, G and Orihuela, G and Riveros, M and Ascanio, R and Adler, GH and Lambert, TD and Balbas, L},
Title = {Ecological meltdown in predator-free forest
fragments.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {294},
Number = {5548},
Pages = {1923-1926},
Year = {2001},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1064397},
Abstract = {The manner in which terrestrial ecosystems are regulated is
controversial. The "top-down" school holds that predators
limit herbivores and thereby prevent them from
overexploiting vegetation. "Bottom-up" proponents stress the
role of plant chemical defenses in limiting plant
depredation by herbivores. A set of predator-free islands
created by a hydroelectric impoundment in Venezuela allows a
test of these competing world views. Limited area restricts
the fauna of small (0.25 to 0.9 hectare) islands to
predators of invertebrates (birds, lizards, anurans, and
spiders), seed predators (rodents), and herbivores (howler
monkeys, iguanas, and leaf-cutter ants). Predators of
vertebrates are absent, and densities of rodents, howler
monkeys, iguanas, and leaf-cutter ants are 10 to 100 times
greater than on the nearby mainland, suggesting that
predators normally limit their populations. The densities of
seedlings and saplings of canopy trees are severely reduced
on herbivore-affected islands, providing evidence of a
trophic cascade unleashed in the absence of top-down
regulation.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1064397},
Key = {fds260491}
}
@article{fds260438,
Author = {Rao, M and Terborgh, J and Nuñez, P},
Title = {Increased herbivory in forest isolates: Implications for
plant community structure and composition},
Journal = {Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for
Conservation Biology},
Volume = {15},
Number = {3},
Pages = {624-633},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2001},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0888-8892},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.015003624.x},
Abstract = {Understanding processes driving population declines and,
ultimately, species loss in forest isolates has significant
implications for the long-term maintenance of species
diversity. We investigated a potential mechanism driving
loss of plant species in small, medium, and large
land-bridge islands in Lago Guri, a 4300-km2 hydroelectric
impoundment in the State of Bolivar, Venezuela. Our
hypothesis was that elevated Atta (leaf-cutter ants)
herbivory on small Guri islands, attributable to release
from predation, could result in reduced sapling densities,
with potentially negative effects on preferred plant
species. We experimentally established Atta preferences
among 43 common tree species. Vegetation plots on small,
medium, and large land masses were examined for variation in
density, size-class distribution, and representation of
preferred and less preferred species of small stems.
Densities of adult trees of preferred and less preferred
species were compared between Atta colony foraging zones and
control plots without active Atta colonies, and between
foraging zones on the small islands and the large island.
Small stem densities were significantly reduced on the small
islands, especially in the sapling category (≥1 m tall, <1
cm dbh). On medium and large land masses, preferred species
were underrepresented in both sapling (≥1 m tall, <1 cm
dbh) and juvenile (≥1 cm dbh, <10 cm dbh) size classes. On
small islands, however, both preferred and less preferred
species showed reduced representation in the sapling size
class. Adults of preferred species were significantly
reduced within Atta foraging zones compared with control
plots without Atta colonies. Small stem densities were
independent of adult tree densities for preferred species on
small islands and for both preferred and less preferred
species on large land masses. High levels of Atta herbivory
could be a potentially important cause of reduced plant
recruitment on small Guri islands. Our findings contribute
to understanding of the role of altered ecological
interactions as deterministic mechanisms driving a process
of change in the structure and composition of fragmented
communities.},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.015003624.x},
Key = {fds260438}
}
@article{fds260439,
Author = {Pitman, NCA and Terborgh, JW and Silman, MR and Núñez, PV and Neill,
DA and Cerón, CE and Palacios, WA and Aulestia, M},
Title = {Dominance and distribution of tree species in upper
Amazonian terra firme forests},
Journal = {Ecology},
Volume = {82},
Number = {8},
Pages = {2101-2117},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0012-9658},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[2101:DADOTS]2.0.CO;2},
Abstract = {Amazonian forests are the largest and most diverse in the
tropics, and much of the mystery surrounding their ecology
can be traced to attempts to understand them through tiny
local inventories. In this paper we bring together a large
number of such inventories scattered across immense areas of
western Amazonia in order to address simple questions about
the distribution and abundance of tropical tree species in
lowland terra firme forests there. The goal is to describe
patterns of commonness and rarity at local (1 ha), landscape
(∼ 104 km2), and regional (> 106 km2) scales, and to fuse
the results into a more complete picture of how tropical
tree communities are structured. We present estimates of
landscape-scale densities for ∼ 1400 taxa, based on data
from tree plots scattered over large tracts of terra firme
forest in eastern Ecuador and southeastern Peru. A database
of morphological, ecological, and other traits of > 1000 of
these species compiled from the taxonomic literature is then
used to explore how species that are common in the
inventories differ from species that are rare. Although most
species show landscape-scale densities of < 1 individual/ha,
most trees in both forests belong to a small set of
ubiquitous common species. These common species combine high
frequency with high local abundance, forming predictable
oligarchies that dominate several thousand square kilometers
of forest at each site. The common species comprising these
oligarchies are a nonrandom subset of the two floras. At
both sites a disproportionate number of common species are
concentrated in the families Arecaceae, Moraceae,
Myristicaceae, and Violaceae, and large-statured tree
species are more likely to be common than small ones. Nearly
a third of the 150 most common tree species in the
Ecuadorean forest are also found among the 150 most common
tree species in the Peruvian forest. For the 254 tree
species shared by the two data sets, abundance in Ecuador is
positively and significantly correlated with abundance ∼
1400 km away in Peru. These findings challenge popular
depictions of Amazonian vegetation as a small-scale mosaic
of unpredictable composition and structure. Instead, they
provide additional evidence that tropical tree communities
are not qualitatively different from their temperate
counterparts, where a few common species concentrated in a
few higher taxa can dominate immense areas of forest. We
hypothesize that most Amazonian forests are dominated at
large scales by oligarchies similar in nature to the ones
observed in Ecuador and Peru, and we argue that the patterns
are more indicative of regulation of relative abundances by
ecological factors than of nonequilibrium chance-based
dynamics. The paper concludes with a discussion of the
practical applications of predictable oligarchies over large
areas of unexplored forest.},
Doi = {10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[2101:DADOTS]2.0.CO;2},
Key = {fds260439}
}
@article{fds260440,
Author = {Terborgh, J and Davenfort, L},
Title = {Endogenous and exogenous control of leaf morphology in
iriartea deltoidea (palmae)},
Journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
Volume = {17},
Number = {5},
Pages = {695-703},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0266467401001511},
Abstract = {Like many other palms, Iriartea deltoidea undergoes
ontogenetic transitions in leaf morphology. It has been
asked whether the transition to adult leaf form in Iriartea
was a fixed developmental pattern or a more plastic response
to changes in environmental conditions, but studies so far
have not resolved the question. We re-examined the question
by taking measurements on palms growing under the full range
of conditions experienced in the natural environment. Using
trunk height as a surrogate variable for ontogenetic stage,
we found that individual palms undergo the transition to
adult morphology over a wide range of heights from < 10 m to
> 20 m. Palms growing in gaps undergo the transition early,
whereas those growing under a closed canopy undergo the
transition late. Noting this, we asked whether the
transition occurred in individuals that were growing faster
than a critical minimum rate, and found no correlation
between growth and morphological stage. A post-hoc
hypothesis, that structural support of the crown (measured
as trunk diameter) could limit or delay the transition, was
confirmed. Our results indicate that multiple conditions
must be satisfied before the transition can be completed.
The complex requirements for leaf morphogenesis in Iriartea
confer an ability to respond flexibly to spatially and
temporally varying environmental conditions.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0266467401001511},
Key = {fds260440}
}
@article{fds260490,
Author = {Terborgh, J},
Title = {The fate of tropical forests: A matter of
stewardship},
Journal = {Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for
Conservation Biology},
Volume = {14},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1358-1361},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.00136.x},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.00136.x},
Key = {fds260490}
}
@article{fds49835,
Author = {J.W. Terborgh},
Title = {Requien para a natureza},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {92-96},
Booktitle = {II Congresso Brasileiro de Unidades de Conservacão, Anais,
Conferencias e Palestras},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds49835}
}
@article{fds49832,
Author = {J.W. Terborgh},
Title = {A dying world. Reviews "One River: Explorations and
Discoveries in the Amazon rain forest" by Wade Davis and
"The Amazon River Forest: A Natural History of Plants,
Animals, and People" by Nigel Smith},
Journal = {New York Review of Books},
Volume = {47},
Pages = {38-40},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds49832}
}
@article{fds260493,
Author = {Cintra, R and Terborgh, JW},
Title = {Microspatial heterogeneity and seed and seedling survival of
the palm, Astrocaryum murumuru, and the legume, Dipteryx
micrantha, in an Amazonian forest},
Journal = {Ecotropica},
Volume = {6},
Pages = {77-88},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds260493}
}
@article{fds260494,
Author = {Terborgh, JW},
Title = {In the company of humans},
Journal = {Natural History},
Volume = {109},
Pages = {54-62},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds260494}
}
@article{fds260437,
Author = {Terborgh, J and Mathews, J},
Title = {Partitioning of the understorey light environment by two
Amazonian treelets},
Journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
Volume = {15},
Number = {6},
Pages = {751-763},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {1999},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0266467499001157},
Abstract = {Primary tropical forests comprise a mosaic of mature, gap
and building phase patches, resulting in great spatial
variation in the distribution of foliage. Light may
consequently penetrate into the forest interior over a wide
range of angles. It thus seems possible that understorey
tree species might be adapted for distinct understorey light
conditions. At the Cocha Cashu Biological Station in Madre
de Dios, Peru, there are two understorey treelets
distinguished by contrasting crown architectures. One, Neea
chlorantha (Nyctaginaceae), possesses a much-branched
superstructure and displays a smoothly contoured shell of
drooping elliptical leaves. The other, Rinorea viridifolia
(Violaceae), displays planar arrays of horizontally-oriented
obovate leaves held on whorls of stiffly radiating
horizontal branches. With the aid of hemispherical
photography and the program CANOPY, the light environment at
large within a 2.25-ha permanent tree plot, and above and
below the crowns of Neea and Rinorea treelets, was
investigated. Available light (measured as uncorrected
indirect site factor (ISFU) in CANOPY) at control points
showed a log-linear increase with height from 2.1 to 14.2 m.
The relative amount of lateral illumination also increased
with height. Photographs were taken just above and below the
crowns of 50 Neea and 50 Rinorea treelets. Neea crowns were
more effective at intercepting light from overhead sources,
whereas Rinorea crowns were more effective at intercepting
light from lateral sources. Adult Neea and Rinorea treelets
occurred at locations in the forest where they were exposed
to differing angular distributions of incident light,
suggesting that the two species were engaged in a form of
resource partitioning, a conclusion that is in conflict with
the nonequilibrium model of tropical forest tree species
diversity. It is suggested that tropical tree species
diversity is, at least in part, a product of adaptive
specialization to a spatially heterogeneous light
environment.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0266467499001157},
Key = {fds260437}
}
@article{fds260492,
Author = {Shahabuddin, G and Terborgh, JW},
Title = {Frugivorous butterflies in Venezuelan forest fragments:
Abundance, diversity and the effects of isolation},
Journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
Volume = {15},
Number = {6},
Pages = {703-722},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {1999},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0266467499001121},
Abstract = {Frugivorous butterflies were studied in a set of forested
islands (0.1 to 1.15 ha) in a reservoir in eastern Venezuela
to investigate the effects of fragmentation and the
resulting isolation on their abundance, diversity and
species composition. While some islands showed reduced
abundance and species diversity in comparison to
unfragmented (or control) sites, others did not. Isolation
status affected both butterfly abundance and diversity.
Islands located close to their colonizing sources (0.1-1 km)
tended to support similar densities of butterflies but lower
numbers of species in comparison to control sites. Far
fragments (1-3 km from their colonizing sources) tended to
harbour lower butterfly densities in comparison to control
sites but undiminished numbers of species. Species
composition varied significantly between control sites and
islands and amongst control sites, near islands and far
islands. Interspecific differences were observed in species'
responses to fragmentation. Charaxines, medium-sized
satyrines, morphines and brassolines may be vulnerable to
extinction after habitat fragmentation while small-sized
satyrines may be relatively resistant. Observations during
the dry season indicate that butterfly species may exist as
mainland-island metapopulations in Lago Guri, in which small
habitat fragments require recolonization every year from
source populations in large islands and mainland
habitat.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0266467499001121},
Key = {fds260492}
}
@article{fds260497,
Author = {Terborgh, JW},
Title = {Trouble in paradise: an exchange},
Journal = {New York Review of Books},
Volume = {46},
Pages = {60},
Year = {1999},
Month = {August},
Key = {fds260497}
}
@article{fds260436,
Author = {Asquith, NM and Terborgh, J and Arnold, AE and Riveros,
CM},
Title = {The fruits the agouti ate: Hymenaea courbaril seed fate when
its disperser is absent},
Journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
Volume = {15},
Number = {2},
Pages = {229-235},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0266467499000772},
Doi = {10.1017/S0266467499000772},
Key = {fds260436}
}
@article{fds260495,
Author = {Soulé, ME and Terborgh, J},
Title = {Conserving nature at regional and continental scales - A
scientific program for North America},
Journal = {Bioscience},
Volume = {49},
Number = {10},
Pages = {809-817},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1313572},
Doi = {10.2307/1313572},
Key = {fds260495}
}
@article{fds260496,
Author = {Pitman, NCA and Terborgh, J and Silman, MR and Nuñez V.,
P},
Title = {Tree species distributions in an upper Amazonian
forest},
Journal = {Ecology},
Volume = {80},
Number = {8},
Pages = {2651-2661},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[2651:TSDIAU]2.0.CO;2},
Abstract = {Not a single tree species distribution in the Amazon basin
has been reliably mapped, though speculation regarding such
distributions has been extensive. We present data from a
network of 21 forest plots in Manu National Park, Peru,
totaling >36 ha and sited over an area of ~400 km2, to
explore how tree species are distributed across upper
Amazonia at a variety of spatial scales. For each of 825
tree species occurring in the plots we asked three
questions: (1) Does the species have a large or small
geographic range? (2) Is the species restricted to a single
forest type, or is it found in several? (3) Is the species
locally abundant anywhere or is it scarce everywhere? The
answers served to classify a subset of species under
Rabinowitz's classification scheme for rare species. Three
main conclusions emerged. First, the great majority of tree
species at Manu are geographically widespread. Every species
identified to date occurs elsewhere in South America,
outside the department of Madre de Dios; more than
two-thirds of them have been collected 1500 km away in
Amazonian Ecuador. Second, 15-26% of species appear to be
restricted to a single forest type, when forest types are
defined by historical river dynamics (i.e., terra firme
forest, mature floodplain forest, swamp forest, and primary
successional floodplain forest). The proportion of
restricted species declined with increasing sampling effort,
making 15% a more reliable figure. Third, while 88% of
species occurred at densities of <1 individual/ha over the
entire network of plots, at least half occurred somewhere at
densities of >1.5 individuals/ha. Extrapolating these
results provides a first guess at how tree species are
distributed across the western portion of the Amazon basin.
We conclude with the suggestion that most tree species in
the region are habitat generalists occurring over large
areas of the Amazonian lowlands at low densities but large
absolute population sizes.},
Doi = {10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[2651:TSDIAU]2.0.CO;2},
Key = {fds260496}
}
@misc{fds49826,
Author = {J.W. Terborgh},
Title = {Requiem for Nature},
Publisher = {Washington, DC: Island Press},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds49826}
}
@misc{fds49827,
Title = {Continental Conservation: Scientific foundations of regional
reserve networks},
Publisher = {Washington, DC: Island Press},
Editor = {M.E. Soulé and J.W. Terborgh},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds49827}
}
@article{fds260435,
Author = {Terborgh, J and Andresen, E},
Title = {The composition of Amazonian forests: Patterns at local and
regional scales},
Journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
Volume = {14},
Number = {5},
Pages = {645-664},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {1998},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0266467498000455},
Abstract = {An analysis was conducted of floristic patterns contained in
48 1-ha tree plots distributed at 29 sites in seven
neotropical countries, with a primary emphasis on the
Amazonian region. Analyses were made with family level data,
using detrended correspondence analysis and multidimensional
scaling to generate two-dimensional ordinations.
Dissimilarity values for all pairs of plots were then used
to compare forest composition at both local (flooded vs
unflooded forests) and regional scales (e.g., western vs
central vs eastern Amazonia). The predominate family of
trees in a large majority of Amazonian and Guianan forests
(by number of stems) is either Palmae or Leguminosae (sensu
latu), followed by Moraceae and Euphorbiaceae. The forests
of western Amazonia are particularly rich in palms,
Moraceae, and Myristicaceae, whereas those of eastern
Amazonia and the Guianas are rich in Lecythidaceae and
Chrysobalanaceae. Dissimilarity between sites increases with
distance for both flooded and unflooded forests. The tree
communities of flooded and unflooded forests within a region
tended to resemble one another more closely than forests of
either type resembled the homologous forests of the
adjoining regions. Within Amazonia the edaphic properties of
each region and its geological history are tightly
interrelated. It is therefore difficult to distinguish
between evolutionary and ecological interpretations of the
results.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0266467498000455},
Key = {fds260435}
}
@article{fds260434,
Author = {Yu, DW and Terborgh, JW and Potts, MD},
Title = {Can high tree species richness be explained by Hubbell's
null model?},
Journal = {Ecology Letters},
Volume = {1},
Number = {3},
Pages = {193-199},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-0248.1998.00036.x},
Abstract = {We examine several features of Hubbell's nonequilibrium, or
"null", model of tree dynamics, which holds that
species-rich tropical tree communities are maintained on a
local scale by a balance of extinction and immigration, and
on a global scale by a balance of extinction and speciation.
All species are held to be ecologically equivalent, such
that species having equal initial abundances have equal
probabilities of extinction or fixation. We show here that
the null model is not robust to relaxation of the assumption
of ecological equivalence. Recently, Zhang & Lin (1997; J.
Theor. Biol. 188: 361-367) showed that persistence times
decrease when unequal colonization rates are allowed, but
their results still permit very long persistence times in
stands of hundreds of thousands of stems or more. We extend
their work by allowing tree mortality rates to differ across
species, as is seen in all natural tree communities. As a
result, persistence times drop dramatically, and forest
composition becomes highly deterministic, such that
long-lived species drop out of the community much more
slowly than short-lived species. We also note that the use
of tree deaths (instead of years) as a measure of time
inflates estimates of persistence times. In summary,
calculated persistence times of tropical tree species, even
those in very large stands, no longer reach time scales
plausible for speciation.},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1461-0248.1998.00036.x},
Key = {fds260434}
}
@article{fds260432,
Author = {Terborgh, J and Lopez, L and José Tello and S},
Title = {Bird communities in transition: The Lago Guri
islands},
Journal = {Ecology},
Volume = {78},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1494-1501},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[1494:BCITTL]2.0.CO;2},
Abstract = {We report on the bird communities of a set of 12 7-yr-old
forested land-bridge islands in Lago Guri, a 4300 km2
hydroelectric impoundment in the State of Bolivar,
Venezuela. Birds were censused on all islands and at
mainland control sites by spot mapping in 1993, and via
point counts in 1995. Instead of orderly 'nested sets' of
species on landmasses of graded size, the species
composition of small (≃ 1 ha) and medium (11-12 ha)
islands was highly variable. Spot mapping substantiated the
occurrence of 58 species of forest-nesting birds,
collectively, on the 11 small and medium islands, which
supported means of only 9 and 12 resident species,
respectively. No species was found on all islands, and only
five species were found on as many as 7 of the 11 small and
medium islands. The mean number of islands per resident
species was 3.0 for the 11 islands. Transients of many
species were detected on all islands, but were more frequent
on near (≤0.5 km from a larger landmass) than on far
islands (≤1.0 km from a larger landmass). A large majority
of the populations on the 1-ha islands consisted of a single
pair, implying that few such populations could have survived
since isolation without new colonizations to replenish
individuals lost to dispersal and mortality. Notwithstanding
low species numbers, both census methods indicated that
avian densities were approximately twice as high on the 1-ha
islands as on the mainland. In contrast, two of three
medium-sized islands supported anomalously low densities of
approximately one-fifth the mainland level. Both islands
retain relict populations of capuchin monkeys (Cebus
olivaceus). One hundred percent of artificial nests set out
on one of these islands were raided, whereas no more than
30% of nests were lost on any of the other islands or on the
mainland. For small and medium islands, we conclude that the
founding communities present when the waters of Lago Guri
reached their final level have already collapsed and been
reconstituted. Species loss on some islands may have been
accelerated by relict populations of predators, such as
capuchins. Changes in composition thus appear to have been
driven by a combination of biological (nest predation) and
stochastic processes (high turnover).},
Doi = {10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[1494:BCITTL]2.0.CO;2},
Key = {fds260432}
}
@article{fds260433,
Author = {Terborgh, J and Flores N. and C and Mueller, P and Davenport,
L},
Title = {Estimating the ages of successional stands of tropical trees
from growth increments},
Journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
Volume = {13},
Number = {6},
Pages = {833-856},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0266467400011020},
Abstract = {Inability to age tropical trees has imposed major
limitations on the basic and applied science of tropical
forests. Here advantage was taken of even-aged stands
present in successional chronosequences found on Amazonian
whitewater river meanders to simplify the assumptions needed
to estimate tree ages from growth measurements. Growth
increments of eight common early successional species were
measured in 21 0.5-ha plots evenly distributed over
chronosequences from the earliest post-pioneer stage to
mature Ficus-Cedrela stands representing approximately the
mid-point of primary succession. Increment measurements,
based on 4 or 5 y of growth, were arrayed in scatter
diagrams against the midpoints of the growth intervals. A
loess regression of the points, weighted for the higher
mortality of slow-growing individuals, was then conducted to
generate a 'best estimate lifetime growth trajectory'
(BELGT) of a 'typical' individual surviving to maturity. The
BELGT curves were integrated to generate a set of derived
curves describing the time required by a 'typical' surviving
individual to attain any given size up to the maximum for
the species. Predictions of the ages of particular stands
were derived from these latter curves and found to agree
within 3 to 20% of ages independently estimated from the
rate of point bar accretion.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0266467400011020},
Key = {fds260433}
}
@article{fds260430,
Author = {Goldizen, AW and Mendelson, J and van Vlaardingen, M and Terborgh,
J},
Title = {Saddle-back tamarin (Saguinus fuscicollis) reproductive
strategies: Evidence from a thirteen-year study of a marked
population.},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {38},
Number = {1},
Pages = {57-83},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1996},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2345(1996)38:1<57::aid-ajp6>3.0.co;2-s},
Abstract = {We monitored a population of four to seven groups of
individually marked saddle-back tamarins (Saguinus
fuscicollis; Callitrichidae) at the Cocha Cashu Biological
Station in Peru's Manu National Park every year from 1979
through 1992. In this paper we use data on life histories,
group compositions, group formations, and dispersal patterns
collected during these 13 years to examine the reproductive
strategies of males and females. Group compositions and
mating patterns were quite variable in this population, with
both monogamy and cooperative polyandry common. In
polyandrous groups, two males shared a female's copulations
and cooperatively cared for her young. Although most groups
contained a single breeding female, we recorded four cases
in which secondary females successfully reared young. Most
young females appeared to wait in their natal groups for the
first opportunity to fill a primary breeding position in
their own or a neighboring group. Females that acquired
primary breeding positions maintained those positions for a
mean of 3 years. No female was observed to transfer between
groups a second time. Variation in female lifetime
reproductive success was high. Half of the females marked as
juveniles never bred; the other half produced an average of
3.5 young. A paucity of female breeding opportunities may
explain the high mortality of females between 2.5 and 4.5
years of age and the resulting male-biased adult sex ratio.
The majority of groups contained more than one probable male
breeder. Polyandrous groups included both related and
unrelated males. Behavioral differences between Cocha Cashu
tamarins and other studied populations may result from the
pressures of living in an environment inhabited by nine
other primate species and numerous predators. © 1996
Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1098-2345(1996)38:1<57::aid-ajp6>3.0.co;2-s},
Key = {fds260430}
}
@article{fds260431,
Author = {Terborgh, J and Foster, RB and Percy Nuñez and V},
Title = {Tropical tree communities: A test of the nonequilibrium
hypothesis},
Journal = {Ecology},
Volume = {77},
Number = {2},
Pages = {561-567},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1996},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2265630},
Abstract = {We have conducted a test of Hubbell's nonequilibrium model
of tropical forest dynamics and found that it fails to
account for high levels of compositional similarity in
disjunct samples of floodplain forest in the Manu River
basin of southeastern Peru. In describing how the
composition of a tropical forest would change over many tree
generations in the absence of density dependence, Hubbell's
model, as presented, is untestable. However, by substituting
space for time, it can be tested. Here we take advantage of
the meandering of the Manu River to generate independently
replicated, primary-successional chronosequences which
culminate in tall, "mature-phase" forests possessing a
characteristic complex vertical structure. By the logic of
the nonequilibrium hypothesis, spatially uncorrelated
forests should show uncorrelated species abundances. We
tested this prediction by examining the compositional
similarity of 1000-tree samples in four types of
comparisons: (1) between nearby (potentially spatially
correlated) and remote (presumably uncorrelated) plots of
mature floodplain forest, (2) between real and synthetic
forests generated by scrambling the relative abundances of
the species, (3) between successional stages and the "mature
phase" of floodplain forest, and (4) between mature
floodplain forest and adjacent upland forest on a different
soil type. In all comparisons, five mature floodplain-forest
plots showed higher levels of similarity inter se than to
any of the other real or synthetic forests. The 10 most
abundant species in the three potentially spatially
correlated plots appeared prominently in the 10 top ranks of
two remote plots located 30 and 39 km to the east. The
probability of obtaining the observed result under the
expectation of the nonequilibrium hypothesis was ≈10-7. We
conclude with a plea for the application of biological
models to the problem of tropical forest tree
diversity.},
Doi = {10.2307/2265630},
Key = {fds260431}
}
@article{fds260428,
Author = {Peres, CA and Terborgh, JW},
Title = {Amazonian Nature Reserves: An Analysis of the Defensibility
Status of Existing Conservation Units and Design Criteria
for the Future},
Journal = {Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for
Conservation Biology},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {34-46},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1995},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.09010034.x},
Abstract = {Many tropical nature reserves are woefully understaffed or
exist only on paper. Without effective implementation,
tropical reserves cannot count on in situ enforcement and
consequently are subject to a wide range of invasive
threats. Weak institutional structures are aggravated by
reserve designs that facilitate rather than discourage
unlawful human activities. Taking into account severe
financial and institutional constraints, we consider the
current status of forest reserves in lowland Amazonia. We
ask how the criteria by which reserves are delimited may
affect the efficiency with which the contained areas are
defended. In a GIS analysis, we found that 40 to 100% of the
area of all existing nature reserves in Brazilian Amazonia
are directly accessible via navigable rivers and/or
functional roads. Such access greatly facilitates the
illegal harvest and conversion of forest resources in a
region where each guard is responsible for protecting an
area larger than the State of Delaware. Cost‐effective
defense of large areas can be achieved through appropriate
delimitation of reserves along watershed divides and by
efficient deployment of limited infrastructure and
personnel. Given current and probable future levels of
financial resources allocated to reserve maintenance in
Amazonia, any new nature reserves in this region should be
designed and situated so that their defensibility is
maximized. Defensibility criteria should complement site
considerations based on biological criteria, such as
presumed centers of diversity and endemism. Copyright ©
1995, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.09010034.x},
Key = {fds260428}
}
@article{fds260427,
Author = {Robinson, SK and Terborgh, J},
Title = {Interspecific aggression and habitat selection by Amazonian
birds},
Journal = {The Journal of Animal Ecology},
Volume = {64},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-11},
Publisher = {JSTOR},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/5822},
Doi = {10.2307/5822},
Key = {fds260427}
}
@article{fds260429,
Author = {Robinson, SK and Fitzpatrick, JW and Terborgh,
J},
Title = {Distribution and habitat use of Neotropical migrant
landbirds in the Amazon basin and Andes},
Journal = {Bird Conservation International},
Volume = {5},
Number = {2-3},
Pages = {305-323},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0959270900001064},
Abstract = {We documented the geographical distributions and habitat
selection of Neotropical migrants in South America along a
successional gradient in the lowlands of Amazonian Peru, and
along elevational gradients in the Andes of south-eastern
Peru and of eastern and western Ecuador. Most of the 30
species of northern migrants that regularly winter in South
America appear to be concentrated in the western edge of the
Amazon basin and on the lower slopes (2,000 m) of the Andes.
Migrants in a lowland site were documented more often in
early successional habitats than in primary forest, and no
species were confined to mature forest habitats. The number
of species and relative abundance of migrants in primary
forest, however, increased with elevation up to about 1,200
m and decreased above that elevation. Several species
(Contopus borealis, Dendroica cerulea and Wilsonia
canadensis) were largely confined to primary forest in the
1,000-2,000 m elevational zones in both Peru and Ecuador.
Migrants on the western slope of the Ecuadorean Andes
included several species that primarily winter further
north. In general, the species richness of migrants and
residents was inversely correlated, both on a
biogeographical and a local scale. Migratory birds are most
likely to be adversely affected by deforestation of the
lower slopes of the Andes, which is proceeding at a rapid
pace. The impact of human alterations of Amazonian forests
will be greater on resident than on migratory birds. The
loss of mid-successional lowland forests, however, might
have a negative effect on several species. © 1995, Birdlife
International. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0959270900001064},
Key = {fds260429}
}
@article{fds260426,
Author = {Terborgh, J and Wright, SJ},
Title = {Effects of mammalian herbivores on plant recruitment in two
neotropical forests},
Journal = {Ecology},
Volume = {75},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1829-1833},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1994},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1939641},
Doi = {10.2307/1939641},
Key = {fds260426}
}
@article{fds260425,
Author = {Terborgh, J and Losos, E and Riley, MP and Riley,
MB},
Title = {Predation by vertebrates and invertebrates on the seeds of
five canopy tree species of an Amazonian
forest},
Journal = {Vegetatio},
Volume = {107-108},
Number = {1},
Pages = {375-386},
Year = {1993},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0042-3106},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00052236},
Abstract = {We studied the pre-germination loss of seeds to invertebrate
and vertebrate seed predators of 5 species of Amazonian
trees (Astrocaryum macrocalyx-Palmae; Bertholletia
excelsa-Lecithydaceae; Calatola venezuelana-Icacinaceae;
Dipteryx micrantha-Leguminosae (Papilionoidae); Hymenaea
courbaril-Leguminosae (Caesalpinoidae)). These five species
were selected from a large tree flora on several criteria.
All possess large (3-10 cm) well-protected seeds that might
plausibly be attractive to mammalian seed predators. The
reproductive biology of three of the species, or close
congeners, had been studied elsewhere in the Neotropics
(Astrocaryum, Dipteryx, Hymenaea); one is important to the
economy of southeastern Peru (Bertholletia); and one,
despite large and apparently edible seeds, appeared to
suffer no pre-germination loss to predators (Calatola). We
conducted the research in mature forests in the Manu
National Park of southeastern Peru where mammal densities
are unperturbed by human activities. Densities of adult
trees of the five species in our area range from very high
(>30 per ha: Astrocaryum) to very low (≪1 per ha:
Hymenaea). Loss of seeds to all causes, and to mammalian
seed predators in particular, was determined for seeds
placed in 2-square meter mammal exclosures and in open
controls located at 10 m (near) and 50 m (far) from a large
mature individual of the target species (with minor
variations in the design for Astrocaryum and Calatola). The
exclosures were of two types: impermeable-designed to
exclude all mammals, but not invertebrate seed predators,
and semipermeable-designed to admit small (<500 g), but not
large mammals. Experimental and control plots were stocked
with apparently viable seeds during the dry-wet transition
period (October-November) and scored one year later. A
significant distance effect (higher predation near vs far
from a large conspecific adult) was found in only one of the
species (Astrocaryum), the only one to be attacked with high
frequency by invertebrate seed predators. The absence of any
detectable distance effect attributable to mammals suggests
that mammals, over the course of a year, thoroughly search
the forest floor for seeds. Invertebrates may thus be
responsible for most pre-germination distance (density)
effects. With respect to the treatments, we found three
qualitatively distinct results: seeds of three species
(Astrocaryum, Bertholletia, Dipteryx) were significantly
protected by the impermeable, but not semipermeable
exclosures, implicating small mammals in seed loss; the
seeds of one species (Hymenaea) were significantly protected
by exclosures of both types, implicating large mammals; and
the seeds of one species (Calatola) exhibited 100% survival,
whether or not protected by exclosures. The importance of
large mammals as seed predators is generally underestimated
in these experiments because semipermeable exclosures may
serve as foraging reserves for small mammals. Finally, we
noted no relationship between the intensity of mammalian
seed predation (as suggested by the survival of unprotected
seeds) and the abundance of adults of the five species in
the environment. The diversity of results obtained for the
five species reveals that large-seeded tropical trees may
display a wide range of demographic patterns, and points to
the likely importance of post-germination bottlenecks in the
population biology of many species, even those that may
experience severe pre-germination seed loss. © 1993 Kluwer
Academic Publishers.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF00052236},
Key = {fds260425}
}
@article{fds260423,
Author = {Salafsky, N and Dugelby, BL and Terborgh, JW},
Title = {Can Extractive Reserves Save the Rain Forest? An Ecological
and Socioeconomic Comparison of Nontimber Forest Product
Extraction Systems in Petén, Guatemala, and West
Kalimantan, Indonesia},
Journal = {Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for
Conservation Biology},
Volume = {7},
Number = {1},
Pages = {39-52},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1993},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.07010039.x},
Abstract = {We compare existing nontimber forest product extraction
systems in Petén, Guatemala, and West Kalimantan,
Indonesia, to identify key ecological, socioeconomic, and
political factors in the design and implementation of
extractive reserves. Ecological parameters include the
spatial and temporal availability of harvested products and
the sustainability of harvesting practices from both a
population and an ecosystem perspective. Socioeconomic and
political factors include the presence or absence of
well‐defined resource tenure rights, physical and social
infrastructure, markets, and alternative land uses. We
conclude that although extractive reserves can play a
significant role in preserving tropical forests as a part of
a broader land‐use spectrum, their effectiveness is highly
dependent on prevailing local ecological, socioeconomic, and
political conditions. Ultimately, extractive reserves should
be regarded as one component of an overall approach to the
problem of tropical deforestation. Copyright © 1993, Wiley
Blackwell. All rights reserved},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.07010039.x},
Key = {fds260423}
}
@article{fds260424,
Author = {Van Schaik and CP and Terborgh, JW and Wright, SJ},
Title = {The phenology of tropical forests: Adaptive significance and
consequences for primary consumers},
Journal = {Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics},
Volume = {24},
Number = {1},
Pages = {353-377},
Publisher = {ANNUAL REVIEWS},
Year = {1993},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.24.110193.002033},
Abstract = {Most tropical woody plants produce new leaves and flowers in
bursts rather than continuously, and most tropical forest
communities display seasonal variation in the presence of
new leaves, flowers, and fruits. This patterning suggests
that phenological changes represent adaptations to either
biotic or abiotic factors. Biotic factors may select for
either a staggering or a clustering of the phenological
activity of individual plant species. We review the evidence
for several hypotheses. The idea that plant species can
reduce predation by synchronizing their phenological
activity has the best support. However, because biotic
factors are often arbitrary with respect to the timing of
these peaks, it is essential also to consider abiotic
influences. A review of published studies demonstrates a
major role for climate. Peaks in irradiance are accompanied
by peaks in flushing and flowering except where water stress
makes this impossible. Thus, in seasonally dry forests, many
plants concentrate leafing and flowering around the start of
the rainy season; they also tend to fruit at the same time,
probably to minimize seedling mortality during the
subsequent dry season. Phenological variation at the level
of the forest community affects primary consumers who
respond by dietary switching, seasonal breeding, changes in
range use, or migration. During periods of scarcity, certain
plant products, keystone resources, act as mainstays of the
primary consumer community.},
Doi = {10.1146/annurev.es.24.110193.002033},
Key = {fds260424}
}
@article{fds260420,
Author = {Terborgh, J},
Title = {Why American songbirds are vanishing},
Journal = {Scientific American},
Volume = {266},
Number = {5},
Pages = {98-104},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1992},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0592-98},
Abstract = {Pesticides were blamed when familiar songbirds were suddenly
stilled in the 1960s. The worst culprits were banned, but
migratory songbirds continue to decline. The reasons, the
author argues, are increased pressure from predators and
parasites in North American nesting sites and deforestation
of tropical wintering areas.},
Doi = {10.1038/scientificamerican0592-98},
Key = {fds260420}
}
@article{fds260421,
Author = {Terborgh, J},
Title = {Maintenance of diversity in tropical forests},
Journal = {Biotropica},
Volume = {24},
Number = {2 B},
Pages = {283-292},
Publisher = {JSTOR},
Year = {1992},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2388523},
Abstract = {Focuses on the Atlantic coastal forests of Brazil which have
been reduced to <10% of their former extent and which have
been greatly fragmented. Implications of such loss and
fragmentation to species richness are reviewed, and possible
management steps to counteract such trends are mooted,
bearing in mind the need to marry conservation with human
needs. Marginal lands should be excluded from intensive
development, and extensive, sustainable alternative forms of
land use should be promoted. Hunting needs to be regulated.
Maximum interconnectedness between wildlands should be aimed
at, especially using watershed boundaries and watercourses
as corridors. -P.J.Jarvis},
Doi = {10.2307/2388523},
Key = {fds260421}
}
@article{fds260422,
Author = {Terborgh, J and Petren, K},
Title = {Development of habitat structure through succession in an
Amazonian floodplain forest},
Journal = {Habitat Structure},
Pages = {28-46},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3076-9_2},
Abstract = {Provides a descriptive overview of riparian primary
succession near the Cocha Cashu Biological Station in the
Manu National Park, Peru. Plant growth may be rapid in the
early stages of colonisation of newly-formed alluvial
deposits (where the characteristic pioneer woody species is
Tessaria integrifolia), but the forest acquires the
structure and species composition of the mature phase by a
continuous filling out of the vertical profile over several
hundred years. The mature phase comprises five strata,
though any interpretation of such a structure must be
tentative. Implications of mature forest structure on animal
communities are noted. -P.J.Jarvis},
Doi = {10.1007/978-94-011-3076-9_2},
Key = {fds260422}
}
@article{fds260418,
Author = {Terborgh, J and Robinson, SK and Parker, TA and Munn, CA and Pierpont,
N},
Title = {Structure and organization of an Amazonian forest bird
community},
Journal = {Ecological Monographs},
Volume = {60},
Number = {2},
Pages = {213-238},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1990},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0012-9615},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1943045},
Abstract = {To help fill the gap in detailed knowledge of avian
community structure in tropical forests, we undertook a
census of a 97-ha plot of floodplain forest in Amazonian
Peru. The plot was censused over a 3-mo period spanning the
1982 breeding season. The cooperative venture entailed ≈12
person-months of effort. Conventional spot-mapping was the
principal method used, but several additional methods were
required to estimate the numbers of non-territorial and
group-living species: direct counts of the members of mixed
flocks, saturation mist-netting of the entire plot,
opportunistic visual registrations at fruiting trees,
determination of the average size of parrot flocks, color
banding of colonial icterids, etc. Two hundred forty-five
resident species were found to hold territories on the plot,
or to occupy all or part of it. Seventy-four additional
species were detected as occasional-to-frequent visitors,
wanderers from other habitats, or as migrants from both
hemispheres. By superimposing territory maps or the areas of
occupancy of individual species, we determined that point
(alpha) diversities exceeded 160 species in portions of the
plot. About 1910 individual birds nested in 100 ha of this
floodplain forest, making up a biomass conservatively
estimated at 190 kg/km2. The total number of breeding birds
was equivalent to that in many temperate forests, but the
biomass was about five times as great. Predominantly
terrestrial granivores contributed the largest component of
the biomass (39%), followed by largely arboreal frugivores
(22%). Considering only insectivores, the biomass (34
kg/km2) is somewhat less than that in the forest at Hubbard
Brook, New Hampshire (40 kg/km2), although it is greater (55
kg/km2) if one includes omnivores. The number of
insectivores was considerably less than at Hubbard Brook,
due to their 60% larger average body size (32 vs. 20 g).
Even though a large majority of the species were patchily
distributed, the 97-ha plot was found to include 99% of the
bird species that regularly occupy mature floodplain forest
at Cocha Cashu. The most abundant species occupied
territories of 4-5 ha, and 84 species (26%) had population
densities of ≤1 pair per square kilometre. Of these, 33
(10% of the total community) were judged to be
constitutively rare (i.e., having low population densities
everywhere), rather than being merely locally rare. Many of
these are predicted to be vulnerable to forest fragmentation
and disturbance. Comparison of these results with those from
other tropical forests proved difficult due to a lack of
standardized methodology.},
Doi = {10.2307/1943045},
Key = {fds260418}
}
@article{fds322613,
Author = {Terborgh, J},
Title = {Mixed flocks and polyspecific associations: Costs and
benefits of mixed groups to birds and monkeys},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {21},
Number = {2},
Pages = {87-100},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1990},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.1350210203},
Abstract = {This review examines the diversity of avian mixed foraging
flocks with the goal of relating the conclusions to primate
polyspecific associations. Mixed associations are considered
as adaptations for achieving an optimal balance between
predator protection and feeding efficiency. In open habitat,
predator and prey are able to detect each other at a
distance and feeding competition is low, especially in
species that subsist on a homogeneously distributed food
supply. These conditions favor large groups of variable
composition. In closed habitats, predators attack at close
range, so early warning alarm systems are at a premium.
Feeding competition is often intense because food resources
such as fruit, flushing leaves, and nectar are spatially
concentrated. Since feeding competition is generally less
between than within species, these conditions favor mixed
associations composed of small numbers of several to many
species, and the evolution of elaborate early warning
systems to thwart predators. The primate polyspecific
associations that have been studied to date share
characteristics with the closed habitat model while
exhibiting some important distinctions. Primate associations
are made up of integral troops, not individuals, implying
high incremental costs of joining. These costs, plus a
paucity of ecologically compatible combinations of species,
seem to limit primate polyspecific associations
geographically to regions in which the presence of
monkey‐eating raptors provides a strong incentive for
aggregation. Copyright © 1990 Wiley‐Liss, Inc., A Wiley
Company},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.1350210203},
Key = {fds322613}
}
@article{fds260419,
Author = {Goldizen, AW and Terborgh, J},
Title = {Demography and dispersal patterns of a tamarin population:
possible causes of delayed breeding},
Journal = {The American Naturalist},
Volume = {134},
Number = {2},
Pages = {208-224},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Year = {1989},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-0147},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/284976},
Abstract = {Saddle-back tamarins Saguinus fuscicollis in Peru live in
small groups with 1 reproductive female and 1-2 breeding
males. Most animals do not first breed for at least 1yr past
the age of potential sexual maturity. Data on survival of
adults and lengths of tenure of breeders suggest that
breeding vacancies are not frequent. Emigration and survival
patterns are not significantly different for the sexes.
Delayed first breeding may occur in this species for any or
all of the following reasons: a shortage of breeding
positions, territories, or helpers; the risks of solitary
dispersal; and the inclusive fitness benefits gained from
helping. -from Authors},
Doi = {10.1086/284976},
Key = {fds260419}
}
@article{fds260417,
Author = {Goldizen, AW and Terborgh, J and Cornejo, F and Porras, DT and Evans,
R},
Title = {Seasonal food shortage, weight loss, and the timing of
births in saddle-back tamarins (Saguinus
fuscicollis)},
Journal = {The Journal of Animal Ecology},
Volume = {57},
Number = {3},
Pages = {893-901},
Publisher = {JSTOR},
Year = {1988},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/5099},
Abstract = {Saguinus fuscicollis (Callitrichidae) were studied in the
Cocha Cashu Biological Station, Manu National Park, Peru.
Availability of both fruits and insects was substantially
lower during the annual 4-month dry season (May-September)
than at other times of the year. Individual tamarins lost an
average of 5% of their weight over this period.
Three-quarters of births occurred between November and
February; none occurred between mid-March and mid-August.
Tamarin births at Cocha Cashu are probably timed such that
lactation and weaning occur when food is abundant, because
during the period of low food availability, there would be
insufficient food to meet the demands of lactation and to
serve as easily obtainable weaning foods. -from
Authors},
Doi = {10.2307/5099},
Key = {fds260417}
}
@article{fds260416,
Author = {Terborgh, J and Stern, M},
Title = {The surreptitious life of the saddle-backed
tamarin.},
Journal = {American Scientist},
Volume = {75},
Number = {3},
Pages = {260-269},
Year = {1987},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {An attempt is made to answer why the small South American
Saguinus fuscicollis is relatively rare and why it maintains
large territories with fixed boundaries. The key appears to
be access during July and August to Combretum vine nectar,
which is a poor resource; the rest of the year it feeds on a
succession of ripening fruit. Therefore boundaries are fixed
to cut across habitat types so that each territory contains
a maximum diversity of habitats and a year-round supply of
the appropriate food.-J.W.Cooper},
Key = {fds260416}
}
@article{fds260413,
Author = {Terborgh, J and Janson, CH},
Title = {The socioecology of primate groups.},
Journal = {Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. Vol.
17},
Volume = {17},
Number = {1},
Pages = {111-136},
Publisher = {ANNUAL REVIEWS},
Year = {1986},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.17.110186.000551},
Abstract = {Focuses on the development of theory related to possible
links between environmental variables and the social
organisation of primate groups. Paying attention to the
adaptive basis of group structure and activity, the
evolution of group size is explored by evaluating a set of
predictions: 1) If enhanced protection from predators is the
principal selective advantage of group living, then
situations where primates are relatively free from predation
should lead to reduced mean group size and/or increased
variance in group size. 2) Conditions that result in
intensification or relaxation of intragroup competition for
feeding sites should lead, respectively, to decreases or
increases in mean group size. 3) Females should enjoy
maximal reproductive success in groups that are of average
size for a species. Empirical support for each of these
hypotheses is critically provided. The interface between
ecology, group size and social structure is discussed.
Increasing group size is associated with a shift from
solitary living to monogamy or polyandry, to unimale
polygyny to multimale polygyny. Territoriality, male
parental care and male-male cooperation are discussed as
correlates of the selected mating system.
-P.J.Jarvis},
Doi = {10.1146/annurev.es.17.110186.000551},
Key = {fds260413}
}
@article{fds260414,
Author = {Hauge, P and Terborgh, J and Winter, B and Parkinson,
J},
Title = {Conservation priorities in the Philippine
Archipelago.},
Journal = {Forktail},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {83-91},
Year = {1986},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {To determine how conservation planning should most
efficiently proceed so as to protect all the Philippine
Archipelago's terrestrial vertebrate species, the authors
took the island having the largest total number of species
(Mindanao), identified the island containing the greatest
number of species not found on Mindanao, and repeated this
procedure until an asymptote began to be approached. The
most critical islands from the point of view of conservation
prove to be Mindanao, Luzon, and Palawan. Together they
contain 86% of all Philippine terrestrial vertebrate
species. Single-island endemics constitute an important part
(176 species, or 28%) of the terrestrial vertebrate fauna.
Mindanao, Luzon and Palawan are again the key islands,
containing 72% of all single-island endemics. Creation and
management of parks and reserves on these 3 islands should
therefore have the highest priority in the overall
conservation plan for the Philippines. Smaller islands,
however, also merit attention since they hold significant
numbers of endemic species, these being especially
vulnerable to extinction. The trends in both total species
numbers and in numbers of single-island endemics are
strongly convergent in the 4 classes of vertebrates,
suggesting that a conservation plan optimal for, say,
mammals, would also be optimal or nearly so for other taxa.
-from Authors},
Key = {fds260414}
}
@article{fds260415,
Author = {Landeau, L and Terborgh, J},
Title = {Oddity and the 'confusion effect' in predation},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {34},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1372-1380},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1986},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-3472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(86)80208-1},
Abstract = {We report on two sets of experiments designed to clarify the
roles of sensory 'confusion' and prey 'oddity' as they
interact to influence the hunting success of a pursuit
predator, the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), on
silvery minnows (Hybognathus nuchalis). Bass quickly
captured solitary minnows, but performed many unsuccessful
attacks and took much longer to make a capture as prey
school size was increased. At school sizes of eight and
above, bass were effectively stymied, demonstrating the
'confusion effect'. The inclusion of one or two 'odd'
(blue-dyed) minnows in a school of eight greatly increased
the ability of bass to capture both normal and odd prey, but
this effect of oddity disappeared at a school size of 15.
The implications of these results for understanding the
adaptive basis of mixed species flocks, herds and schools is
discussed. © 1986.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0003-3472(86)80208-1},
Key = {fds260415}
}
@article{fds363077,
Author = {TERBORGH, JW},
Title = {POPULATION-DENSITIES OF AMAZONIAN BIRDS - IMPLICATIONS FOR
CONSERVATION},
Journal = {Ibis},
Volume = {128},
Number = {1},
Pages = {165-166},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds363077}
}
@article{fds260411,
Author = {Terborgh, J and Goldizen, AW},
Title = {On the mating system of the cooperatively breeding
saddle-backed tamarin (Saguinus fuscicollis)},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Volume = {16},
Number = {4},
Pages = {293-299},
Publisher = {Springer Nature America, Inc},
Year = {1985},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0340-5443},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00295541},
Abstract = {This paper reports on 5 years of observatiors of
individually marked saddle-backed tamarins (Saguinus
fuscicollis, Callitrichidae). Although callitrichids have
long been presumed to have a monogamous social system, this
study shows that the breeding structure of saddle-back
tamarin groups is highly variable. Groups most commonly
include two or more adult males and a single reproductive
female, but occasionally contain only a single pair of
adults, or less often, two reproductively active females and
one or more males. Data on group compositions, group
formations, intergroup movements and copulations show that
the social and mating systems of this species are more
flexible than those of any other non-human primate yet
studied. Infants (usually twins) were cared for by all group
members. There were two classes of helpers: young,
nonreproductive individuals who helped to care for full or
half siblings, and cooperatively polyandrous males who cared
for infants whom they may have fathered. The observations
suggest that non-reproductive helpers may benefit from their
helping behavior through a combination of inclusive fitness
gains, reciprocal altruism, and the value of gaining
experience at parental care. © 1985 Springer-Verlag.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF00295541},
Key = {fds260411}
}
@article{fds260409,
Author = {Terborgh, J},
Title = {The vertical component of plant species diversity in
temperate and tropical forests.},
Journal = {The American Naturalist},
Volume = {126},
Number = {6},
Pages = {760-776},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Year = {1985},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/284452},
Abstract = {In the E USA, deciduous forests growing between 30o-42o N
are commonly constructed of a high canopy of sun-adapted
trees, a shade-tolerant herbaceous ground layer, and a
midstory of shrubs or small trees. Woody species occupying
ecologically equivalent positions in the forest midstory
must depend heavily on sunflecks because up to 80% of the
light penetrating the forest interior is this kind of
direct-beam illumination. Immediately beneath the canopy,
the light field (integrated over the daily sun cycle) is
characterized by a high horizontal variance, because any
point is either in a gap and directly illuminated or under a
crown and continuously shaded. Farther down in the forest
interior the horizontal variance becomes greatly diminished
because the expanding cones of light beneath each gap
eventually intersect. Where the cones of light from
alternate gaps intersect, the light field becomes
horizontally uniform. Plants of the woody middle stratum
should grow up to, but not exceed, the upper limit of the
horizontally uniform light field. The position of the upper
limit of the horizontally uniform light field can be
predicted from measurements of the canopy and the angular
distribution of light gaps overhead. Such predictions for 5
climax stands in the SE USA agreed quite closely with the
median height of trees composing the mid-story of these
stands. The shapes of tree crowns can be expected to vary
adaptively with the systematic latitudinal decrease in the
the sun above the horizon. Consequently, tree crowns at high
latitudes are narrowly conical in profile, but those in
tropical latitudes tend to be planar or shallowly
dome-shaped. As a result, direct light is admitted to
high-latitude forests only at sharply inclined angles that
do not permit the establishment of a woody midstory. By
contrast, light is able to penetrate the canopy of tropical
forests at relatively shallow angles, allowing development
of a 2nd tree layer closely beneath the crowns of the first.
The vertical dimension of plant species diversity thus seems
to be controlled by adaptive responses to physical
parameters of the latitudinal gradient. -from
Author},
Doi = {10.1086/284452},
Key = {fds260409}
}
@article{fds260410,
Author = {Terborgh, J},
Title = {Habitat selection in Amazonian birds.},
Journal = {Habitat Selection in Birds},
Pages = {311-338},
Year = {1985},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {Describes the vegetation types of W Amazonia, where avian
diversity is greatest, paying attention to the landscapes,
vegetation structure, species diversity and succession
within tropical moist forest and tropical wet forest
regions. Organization of the bird community at Cocha Cashu,
Manu National Park, SE Peru, is discussed, with reference to
both species diversity and habitat selection, where
structure, food resources and interspecific competition are
key elements. -P.J.Jarvisavifauna Cocha Cashu Manu National
Park Peru},
Key = {fds260410}
}
@article{fds260412,
Author = {Terborgh, J},
Title = {The role of ecotones in the distribution of Andean
birds.},
Journal = {Ecology},
Volume = {66},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1237-1246},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1985},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1939177},
Abstract = {For a set of 47 bird species whose limits (16 upper, 31
lower) coincided with the montane rain forest-cloud forest
ecotone on the Cordillera Vilcabamba control transect, it
was determined whether, as predicted, the species expanded
or contracted their distributions in localities in which the
homologous ecotones were displaced upward or downward
relative to the control elevation. Where the ecotone was
displaced away from species' centers of distribution, 36 of
41 species (88%) were found to have expanded their
distributions. This result upholds the provisional
assessment of the ecotone as a distributional barrier to
these species in the control locality. Where the ecotone was
shifted toward species' centers of distribution, 43 out of
44 species (98%) had failed to contract fully in
distribution; they were found on the other side of the
ecotone, in what had been predicted to be alien habitat.
This result, not anticipated, is illustrative of a tendency
of species to occupy a greater range of habitats near to vs.
far from their centers of distribution. Widespread Andean
bird species had expanded distributions, in both upward and
downward directions, in the biogeographically isolated
Cordillera de la Costa of Venezuela. Reduced avian species
diversity in this range relative to the main Andean chain
appears to have led to a general relaxation of
distributional restraints. Competitive exclusion emerges as
the factor of overriding importance in the exceedingly
diverse Andean fauna. -from Author},
Doi = {10.2307/1939177},
Key = {fds260412}
}
@article{fds260408,
Author = {Terborgh, J and Winter, B},
Title = {A method for siting parks and reserves with special
reference to Columbia and Ecuador},
Journal = {Biological Conservation},
Volume = {27},
Number = {1},
Pages = {45-58},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1983},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0006-3207},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(83)90005-8},
Abstract = {Many tropical countries contain large numbers of species
with small geographical ranges, here, for convenience,
termed endemics. South America, for example, harbours 440
endemic land birds having ranges of less than 50 000 km2.
These comprise about a quarter of the terrestrial avifauna
of the continent. Such species are exceptionally vulnerable
to deforestation and their preservation will require siting
future parks or reserves in just the right places. Using
Colombia and Ecuador as an illustration, we describe a
simple procedure for locating areas of concentrated endemism
that would be optimal for future protection. Unfortunately,
there is little correspondence between the points of maximal
endemism and the locations of existing and projected
reserves in the two countries. The advantages and
limitations of using satellite photos for habitat evaluation
in centres of endemism are also discussed. ©
1983.},
Doi = {10.1016/0006-3207(83)90005-8},
Key = {fds260408}
}
@article{fds322614,
Author = {Kiltie, RA and Terborgh, J},
Title = {Observations on the Behavior of Rain Forest Peccaries in
Perú: Why do White‐lipped Peccaries Form
Herds?},
Journal = {Zeitschrift Für Tierpsychologie},
Volume = {62},
Number = {3},
Pages = {241-255},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1983},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1983.tb02154.x},
Abstract = {The ecology and behavior of Tayassu tajacu and T. pecari
were studied for a total period of 16 months in the years
1975–1978 in the Manú National Park in southeastern
Perú. It appears from 132 sightings of T. tajacu at the
study site, and from reports from other regions, that groups
of this species in rain forest usually contain fewer than 12
individuals. The more observers were at the study site, the
more frequently this species was encountered. T. tajacu also
repeatedly used wallows in the forest. These observations
suggested that individuals of this species were relatively
sedentary. Herds of T. pecari were encountered on 60
occasions. Five counts indicated that there were over 100
individuals in the herds. This species was encountered at
practically random intervals, independent of number of
observers at the site, but more frequently in the dry season
than in the rainy season. Adults of both species are prey
primarily of large cats and humans. Both species feed on
green plant parts, fruits, nuts and seeds, but T. pecari
feeds on more resistant seeds and nuts than T. tajacu. The
hardest palm nuts that only T. pecari can consume are
distributed in a patchy manner. Cracking these nuts between
the teeth causes the animals to be heard more than 50 m
away. The patchy distribution of the hard nuts and seeds
prevents T. pecari from being sedentary, and group formation
likely has several individual benefits for foraging
efficiency and defense against predators. These may include
(1) avoidance of searching for food in places recently
visited by others, (2) benefitting from the knowledge of
experienced foragers, (3) reducing the per capita
probability of detection by predators, (4) reducing the
probability of being captured after group detection by
predators, (5) increasing the ability to counterattack as a
group, (6) increasing the probability of detecting the
predator before it can attack, and (7) “confusing” the
predator through escape behavior. T. tajacu seems to live in
small groups because its typical foods are distributed more
evenly and because consumption of these foods does not cause
individuals to be so noticeable to predators. 1983 Blackwell
Verlag GmbH},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0310.1983.tb02154.x},
Key = {fds322614}
}
@article{fds363078,
Author = {WESKE, JS and TERBORGH, JW},
Title = {OTUS-MARSHALLI, A NEW SPECIES OF SCREECH-OWL FROM
PERU},
Journal = {The Auk},
Volume = {98},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-7},
Year = {1981},
Key = {fds363078}
}
@article{fds357434,
Author = {Terborgh, JW and Faaborg, J},
Title = {Saturation of Bird Communities in the West
Indies},
Journal = {The American Naturalist},
Volume = {116},
Number = {2},
Pages = {178-195},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Year = {1980},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/283621},
Doi = {10.1086/283621},
Key = {fds357434}
}
@article{fds363080,
Author = {JANSON, CH and TERBORGH, JW},
Title = {AGE, SEX, AND INDIVIDUAL SPECIALIZATION OF FORAGING
TECHNIQUE IN THE CAPUCHIN, CEBUS-APELLA},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {50},
Number = {3},
Pages = {452-452},
Year = {1979},
Key = {fds363080}
}
@article{fds363079,
Author = {FITZPATRICK, JW and WILLARD, DE and TERBORGH, JW},
Title = {NEW SPECIES OF HUMMINGBIRD FROM PERU},
Journal = {Wilson Bulletin},
Volume = {91},
Number = {2},
Pages = {177-186},
Year = {1979},
Key = {fds363079}
}
@article{fds342498,
Author = {Terborgh, J},
Title = {Bird species diversity on an andean elev ational
gradient},
Journal = {Ecology},
Volume = {58},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1007-1019},
Year = {1977},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1936921},
Abstract = {This paper analyzes patterns of bird species diversity on an
elevational transect of the Cordillera Vileabamba, Peru.
Major changes in climate and vegetation are encompassed by
the transect which extended from the Apurimac Valley floor
at 500 m to the summit ridge of the range at > 3,500 m. Four
vegetation zones are easily discerned-lowland rain forest,
montane rain forest, cloud forest, and elfin forest. In
progressing upwards there is a monotonic trend toward
decreasing canopy stature and reduced number of plant
strata. The vegetation gradient provided the opportunity to
examine the relation between bird species diversity and
habitat complexity in an entirely natural setting. The
decrease in forest stature with elevation was closely
paralleled by decreasing avian syntopy (the total number of
bird species cohabiting the forest at a given elevation).
Bird species diversity was shown to be highly correlated
with foliage height diversity, using either four or five
layers in the foliage height diversity calculation (r =
.97), and less well correlated using three layers, as
defined previously by MacArthur (r = .84). At this
superficial level the trend in bird species diversity seemed
to be adequately explained as a response to the vegetation
gradient. This preliminary conclusion was found to be
illusory when the elevational trend in syntopy was
reexamined separately for three major trophic subdivisions
of the fauna. The number of insectivores decreased 5.2-fold
from the bottom to the top of the gradient, frugivores
decreased by a factor of 2.3, and nectarivores showed no
change. It was now clear that the diversity in each of these
trophic categories was responsive to environmental
influences other than, or in addition to, the gradient in
habitat structure. Additional factors implicated by the
available evidence are competitive interactions with other
taxa at the same trophic level, changing composition of the
resource base as a function of elevation, and declining
productivity at high elevations. Analysis of netted bird
samples revealed an unexpected diversity maximum in the
lower cloud forest zone. The immediate cause of this was a
relaxation of the vertical stratification of foraging zones,
such that an anomalously large fraction of the species
present entered the nets. The excess diversity was found to
consist almost entirely of insectivores. Several factors
appear to contribute to the ultimate causes of the diversity
maximum: greater patchiness of the montane forest due to the
rugged topography, a higher density of foliage near the
ground, and possibly increased resource productivity. A
correlation between diversity and density in the netting
results suggested a causal connection mediated via resource
levels. The conclusion is that diversity is a complex
community property that is responsive to many types of
influences beyond simply the structure of the
habitat.},
Doi = {10.2307/1936921},
Key = {fds342498}
}
@article{fds363081,
Author = {FITZPATRICK, JW and TERBORGH, JW and WILLARD, DE},
Title = {NEW SPECIES OF WOOD-WREN FROM PERU},
Journal = {The Auk},
Volume = {94},
Number = {2},
Pages = {195-201},
Year = {1977},
Key = {fds363081}
}
@article{fds342157,
Author = {Hellebust, JA and Terborgh, J},
Title = {EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON THE RATE OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND SOME PHOTOSYNTHETIC ENZYMES IN DUNALIELLA
TERTIOLECTA BUTCHER},
Journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
Volume = {12},
Number = {4},
Pages = {559-567},
Year = {1967},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1967.12.4.0559},
Abstract = {This article is in Free Access Publication and may be
downloaded using the “Download Full Text PDF” link at
right. © 1967, by the Association for the Sciences of
Limnology and Oceanography, Inc.},
Doi = {10.4319/lo.1967.12.4.0559},
Key = {fds342157}
}
@article{fds260406,
Author = {Terborgh, J},
Title = {Effects of red and blue light on the growth and
morphogenesis of Acetabularia crenulata.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {207},
Number = {5004},
Pages = {1360-1363},
Year = {1965},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2071360a0},
Doi = {10.1038/2071360a0},
Key = {fds260406}
}
@article{fds260407,
Author = {Terborgh, JW and Thimann, KV},
Title = {The control of development in Acetabularia crenulata by
light},
Journal = {Planta},
Volume = {64},
Number = {3},
Pages = {241-253},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1965},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0032-0935},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394952},
Abstract = {1. The elongation of Acetabularia crenulata cells ceases
abruptly at morphogenesis; all further growth normally takes
the form of cap (gametangium) expansion. Cell volume,
however, increases without inflection during the phases of
stalk elongation and cap expansion until the cap reaches a
terminal size. At this time growth stops altogether. 2. The
following developmental parameters are sensitive in various
ways to both photoperiod and light intensity; a) time from
the start of an experiment to morphogenesis, b) cell length
at morphogenesis, c) cumulative amount of incident
irradiation needed to produce morphogenesis, and d)
proportion of cells reaching maturity. 3. The effects of
short days on morphogenesis, but not on elongation or
chlorophyll content, can be largely replaced by high
intensity illumination. At low intensities parallel effects
were observed in 8-, 16- and 24-hour light regimes and are
correlated with concurrent effects on growth. 4. The
experiments do not support the developmental scheme proposed
earlier by Beth. Another scheme is presented which is based
on a steadily increasing irradiation requirement throughout
development. This scheme is compatible with all the evidence
available at present. © 1965 Springer-Verlag.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF00394952},
Key = {fds260407}
}
@article{fds260405,
Author = {Terborgh, J and Thimann, KV},
Title = {Interactions between daylength and light intensity in the
growth and chlorophyll content of Acetabularia
crenulata},
Journal = {Planta},
Volume = {63},
Number = {1},
Pages = {83-98},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1964},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0032-0935},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01883513},
Doi = {10.1007/BF01883513},
Key = {fds260405}
}
%% Tomasello, Michael
@article{fds374401,
Author = {Winter Née Grocke and P and Tomasello, M},
Title = {From what I want to do to what we decided to do:
5-year-olds, but not 3-year-olds, honor their agreements
with peers.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {239},
Pages = {105811},
Year = {2024},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105811},
Abstract = {Sometimes we have a personal preference but we agree with
others to follow a different course of action. In this
study, 3- and 5-year-old children (N = 160) expressed a
preference for playing a game one way and were then
confronted with peers who expressed a different preference.
The experimenter then either got the participants to agree
with the peers explicitly or just shrugged her shoulders and
moved on. The children were then left alone to play the game
unobserved. Only the older children stuck to their agreement
to play the game as the peers wished. These results suggest
that by 5 years of age children's sense of commitment to
agreements is strong enough to override their personal
preferences.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105811},
Key = {fds374401}
}
@article{fds374171,
Author = {Katz, T and Kushnir, T and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Children are eager to take credit for prosocial acts, and
cost affects this tendency.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {237},
Pages = {105764},
Year = {2024},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105764},
Abstract = {We report two experiments on children's tendency to enhance
their reputations through communicative acts. In the
experiments, 4-year-olds (N = 120) had the opportunity to
inform a social partner that they had helped him in his
absence. In a first experiment, we pitted a prosocial act
("Let's help clean up for Doggie!") against an instrumental
act ("Let's move these out of our way"). Children in the
prosocial condition were quicker to inform their partner of
the act and more likely to protest when another individual
was given credit for it. In a second experiment, we
replicated the prosocial condition but with a new
manipulation: high-cost versus low-cost helping. We
manipulated both the language surrounding cost (i.e., "This
will be pretty tough to clean up" vs. "It will be really
easy to clean this up") and how difficult the task itself
was. As predicted, children in the high-cost condition were
quicker to inform their partner of the act and more likely
to take back credit for it. These results suggest that even
4-year-old children make active attempts to elicit positive
reputational judgments for their prosocial acts, with cost
as a moderating factor.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105764},
Key = {fds374171}
}
@article{fds374236,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Differences in the Social Motivations and Emotions of Humans
and Other Great Apes.},
Journal = {Human nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.)},
Volume = {34},
Number = {4},
Pages = {588-604},
Year = {2023},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12110-023-09464-0},
Abstract = {Humans share with other mammals and primates many social
motivations and emotions, but they are also much more
cooperative than even their closest primate relatives. Here
I review recent comparative experiments and analyses that
illustrate humans' species-typical social motivations and
emotions for cooperation in comparison with those of other
great apes. These may be classified most generally as (i)
'you > me' (e.g., prosocial sympathy, informative and
pedagogical motives in communication); (ii) 'you = me'
(e.g., feelings of mutual respect, fairness, resentment);
(iii) 'we > me' (e.g., feelings of obligation and guilt);
and (iv) 'WE (in the group) > me' (e.g., in-group
loyalty and conformity to norms, shame, and many in-group
biases). The existence of these species-typical and
species-universal motivations and emotions provides
compelling evidence for the importance of cooperative
activities in the human species.},
Doi = {10.1007/s12110-023-09464-0},
Key = {fds374236}
}
@article{fds374400,
Author = {Vasil, J and Price, D and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Thought and language: Effects of group-mindedness on young
children's interpretation of exclusive we.},
Journal = {Child development},
Year = {2023},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.14049},
Abstract = {The current study investigated whether age-related changes
in the conceptualization of social groups influences
interpretation of the pronoun we. Sixty-four 2- and
4-year-olds (N = 29 female, 50 White-identifying) viewed
scenarios in which it was ambiguous how many puppets
performed an activity together. When asked who performed the
activity, a speaker puppet responded, "We did!" In one
condition, the speaker was near one and distant from another
puppet, implying a dyadic interpretation of we. In another
condition, the speaker was distant from both, thus pulling
for a group interpretation. In the former condition, 2- and
4-year-olds favored the dyadic interpretation. In the latter
condition, only 4-year-olds favored the group
interpretation. Age-related conceptual development "expands"
the set of conceivable plural person referents.},
Doi = {10.1111/cdev.14049},
Key = {fds374400}
}
@article{fds373982,
Author = {Wolf, W and Tomasello, M},
Title = {A Shared Intentionality Account of Uniquely Human Social
Bonding.},
Journal = {Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the
Association for Psychological Science},
Pages = {17456916231201795},
Year = {2023},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17456916231201795},
Abstract = {Many mechanisms of social bonding are common to all
primates, but humans seemingly have developed some that are
unique to the species. These involve various kinds of
interactive experiences-from taking a walk together to
having a conversation-whose common feature is the triadic
sharing of experience. Current theories of social bonding
have no explanation for why humans should have these unique
bonding mechanisms. Here we propose a shared intentionality
account of uniquely human social bonding. Humans evolved to
participate with others in unique forms of cooperative and
communicative activities that both depend on and create
shared experience. Sharing experience in these activities
causes partners to feel closer because it allows them to
assess their partner's cooperative competence and motivation
toward them and because the shared representations created
during such interactions make subsequent cooperative
interactions easier and more effective.},
Doi = {10.1177/17456916231201795},
Key = {fds373982}
}
@article{fds370890,
Author = {Vasil, J and Moore, C and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Thought and language: association of groupmindedness with
young English-speaking children’s production of
pronouns},
Journal = {First Language},
Volume = {43},
Number = {5},
Pages = {516-538},
Year = {2023},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01427237231169398},
Abstract = {Shared intentionality theory posits that at age 3, children
expand their conception of plural agency to include 3- or
more-person groups. We sought to determine whether this
conceptual shift is detectable in children’s pronoun use.
We report the results of a series of Bayesian hierarchical
generative models fitted to 479 English-speaking
children’s first-person plural, first-person singular,
second-person, third-person plural, and third-person
singular pronouns. As a proportion of pronouns, children
used more first-person plural pronouns, only, after 3;0
compared to before. Additionally, children used more 1pp.
pronouns when their mothers used more 1pp. pronouns. As a
proportion of total utterances, all pronoun classes were
used more often as children aged. These findings suggest
that a shift in children’s social conceptualizations at
age 3 is reflected in their use of 1pp. pronouns.},
Doi = {10.1177/01427237231169398},
Key = {fds370890}
}
@article{fds370629,
Author = {Benozio, A and House, BR and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Apes reciprocate food positively and negatively.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {290},
Number = {1998},
Pages = {20222541},
Year = {2023},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2022.2541},
Abstract = {Reciprocal food exchange is widespread in human societies
but not among great apes, who may view food mainly as a
target for competition. Understanding the similarities and
differences between great apes' and humans' willingness to
exchange food is important for our models regarding the
origins of uniquely human forms of cooperation. Here, we
demonstrate in-kind food exchanges in experimental settings
with great apes for the first time. The initial sample
consisted of 13 chimpanzees and 5 bonobos in the control
phases, and the test phases included 10 chimpanzees and 2
bonobos, compared with a sample of 48 human children aged 4
years. First, we replicated prior findings showing no
spontaneous food exchanges in great apes. Second, we
discovered that when apes believe that conspecifics have
'intentionally' transferred food to them, positive
reciprocal food exchanges (food-for-food) are not only
possible but reach the same levels as in young children
(approx. 75-80%). Third, we found that great apes engage in
negative reciprocal food exchanges (no-food for no-food) but
to a lower extent than children. This provides evidence for
reciprocal food exchange in great apes in experimental
settings and suggests that while a potential mechanism of
<i>fostering</i> cooperation (via positive reciprocal
exchanges) may be shared across species, a stabilizing
mechanism (via negative reciprocity) is not.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2022.2541},
Key = {fds370629}
}
@article{fds368903,
Author = {Schäfer, M and B M Haun and D and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Children's consideration of collaboration and merit when
making sharing decisions in private.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {228},
Pages = {105609},
Year = {2023},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105609},
Abstract = {Young children share equally when they acquire resources
through collaboration with a partner, yet it is unclear
whether they do so because in such contexts resources are
encountered as common and distributed in front of the
recipient or because collaboration promotes a sense of
work-based fairness. In the current studies, 5- and
8-year-old children from Germany (N = 193) acquired
resources either by working individually alongside or by
collaborating with a peer. After finding out that the
partner's container was empty, they decided in private
whether they wanted to donate some resources to the peer.
When both partners had worked with equal efforts (Study 1),
children shared more after collaboration than after
individual work. When one partner had worked with much more
effort than the other (Study 2), children shared more with a
harder-working partner than with a less-working partner
independently of whether they had collaborated or worked
individually. Younger children were more generous than older
children, in particular after collaboration. These findings
support the view that collaboration promotes a genuine sense
of fairness in young children, but they also indicate that
merit-based notions of fairness in the context of work may
develop independently of collaboration, at least by the
beginning of middle childhood and in Western
societies.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105609},
Key = {fds368903}
}
@article{fds367773,
Author = {Colle, L and Grosse, G and Behne, T and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Just teasing! - Infants' and toddlers' understanding of
teasing interactions and its effect on social
bonding.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {231},
Pages = {105314},
Year = {2023},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105314},
Abstract = {The current study investigates infants' and toddlers'
understanding of teasing interactions and its effect on
subsequent social interactions. Teasing is a special kind of
social interaction due to its dual nature: It consists of a
slightly provocative contingent action accompanied by
positive ostensive emotional cues. Teasing thus presents an
especially interesting test case to inform us about young
children's abilities to deal with complex social intentions.
In a first experiment, we looked at 9-, 12-, and
18-month-old infants' ability to understand and
differentiate a teasing intention from a trying intention
and a refuse intention. We found that by 12 months of age,
infants react differently (gaze, reach) and by 18 months
they smile more in reaction to the Tease condition. In the
second experiment, we tested 13-, 20- and 30-month-old
children in closely matched purely playful and teasing
situations. We also investigated potential social effects of
teasing interactions on a subsequent affiliation sequence.
Twenty- and 30-month-old children smile more in the Teasing
than in the Play condition. For the 30-month-old toddlers,
additionally, number of laughs is much higher in the Tease
than in the Play condition. No effect on affiliation could
be found. Thus, from very early in development, infants and
toddlers are able to differentiate teasing from
superficially similar but serious behavior and from around
18 months of age they enjoy it more. Infants and toddlers
are able to process a complex social intention like teasing.
Findings are discussed regarding infant and toddler
intention understanding abilities.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105314},
Key = {fds367773}
}
@article{fds362755,
Author = {Hepach, R and Engelmann, JM and Herrmann, E and Gerdemann, SC and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Evidence for a developmental shift in the motivation
underlying helping in early childhood.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {26},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e13253},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/desc.13253},
Abstract = {We investigated children's positive emotions as an indicator
of their underlying prosocial motivation. In Study 1, 2-,
and 5-year-old children (N = 64) could either help an
individual or watch as another person provided help.
Following the helping event and using depth sensor imaging,
we measured children's positive emotions through changes in
postural elevation. For 2-year-olds, helping the individual
and watching another person help was equally rewarding;
5-year-olds showed greater postural elevation after actively
helping. In Study 2, 5-year-olds' (N = 59) positive
emotions following helping were greater when an audience was
watching. Together, these results suggest that 2-year-old
children have an intrinsic concern that individuals be
helped whereas 5-year-old children have an additional,
strategic motivation to improve their reputation by
helping.},
Doi = {10.1111/desc.13253},
Key = {fds362755}
}
@article{fds365125,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Social cognition and metacognition in great apes: a
theory.},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {26},
Number = {1},
Pages = {25-35},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-022-01662-0},
Abstract = {Twenty-five years ago, at the founding of this journal,
there existed only a few conflicting findings about great
apes' social-cognitive skills (theory of mind). In the 2 ½
decades since, we have discovered that great apes understand
the goals, intentions, perceptions, and knowledge of others,
and they use this knowledge to their advantage in
competitive interactions. Twenty-five years ago there
existed basically no studies on great apes' metacognitive
skills. In the 2 ½ decades since, we have discovered that
great apes monitor their uncertainty and base their
decisions on that, or else decide to gather more information
to make better decisions. The current paper reviews the past
25 years of research on great ape social cognition and
metacognition and proposes a theory about how the two are
evolutionarily related.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-022-01662-0},
Key = {fds365125}
}
@article{fds371813,
Author = {Wolf, W and Thielhelm, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Five-year-old children show cooperative preferences for
faces with white sclera.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {225},
Pages = {105532},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105532},
Abstract = {The cooperative eye hypothesis posits that human eye
morphology evolved to facilitate cooperation. Although it is
known that young children prefer stimuli with eyes that
contain white sclera, it is unknown whether white sclera
influences children's perception of a partner's
cooperativeness specifically. In the current studies, we
used an online methodology to present 5-year-old children
with moving three-dimensional face models in which facial
morphology was manipulated. Children found "alien" faces
with human eyes more cooperative than faces with dark sclera
(Study 2) but not faces with enlarged irises (Study 1). For
more human-like faces (Study 3), children found human eyes
more cooperative than either enlarged irises or dark sclera
and found faces with enlarged irises cuter (but not more
cooperative) than eyes with dark sclera. Together, these
results provide strong support for the cooperative eye
hypothesis.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105532},
Key = {fds371813}
}
@misc{fds371506,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Having Intentions, Understanding Intentions, and
Understanding Communicative Intentions},
Pages = {63-75},
Booktitle = {Developing Theories of Intention: Social Understanding and
Self-Control},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780805831412},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003417927-5},
Abstract = {This chapter looks at a major cause and a major consequence
of the 9-month social-cognitive revolution; and both of
these also concern infant intentionality. It argues that
young children’s understanding of other persons as
intentional agents results in large part from newly emerging
forms of intentionality in their own sensory-motor actions.
The chapter explores young children’s understanding of a
special type of intention that emerges directly on the heels
of the 9-month revolution, namely, communicative intentions.
Intentional agents have goals and make active choices among
behavioral means for attaining those goals. Important,
intentional agents also make active choices about what they
pay attention to in pursuing those goals. ntentional agents
have goals and make active choices among behavioral means
for attaining those goals. Important, intentional agents
also make active choices about what they pay attention to in
pursuing those goals.},
Doi = {10.4324/9781003417927-5},
Key = {fds371506}
}
@article{fds364183,
Author = {Li, L and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Disagreement, justification, and equitable moral judgments:
A brief training study.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {223},
Pages = {105494},
Year = {2022},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105494},
Abstract = {Although theorists agree that social interactions play a
major role in moral development, previous research has not
experimentally assessed how specific features of social
interactions affect children's moral judgments and
reasoning. The current study assessed two features:
disagreement and justification. In a brief training phase,
children aged 4-5.5 years (N = 129) discussed simple
moral scenarios about issues of fairness (how to allocate
things between individuals) with a puppet who, in a
between-participants factorial design, either agreed or
disagreed with the children's ideas and either asked or did
not ask the children to justify their ideas. Children then
responded to another set of moral scenarios in a test phase
that was the same for all children. Children in the "agree
and do not justify" baseline condition showed an inflexible
equality bias (preferring only equal allocations regardless
of context), but children who had experiences of
disagreement or experiences of being asked to justify
themselves shifted toward making equitable decisions based
on common ground norms and values. Furthermore, false belief
competence was related to children's decisions and
justifications. These findings support the classic Piagetian
hypothesis that social interactions are a catalyst of
cognitive disequilibrium and moral development.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105494},
Key = {fds364183}
}
@article{fds367772,
Author = {Li, L and Tucker, A and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children judge defection less negatively when there's
a good justification},
Journal = {Cognitive Development},
Volume = {64},
Year = {2022},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2022.101268},
Abstract = {Morality includes a common ground ranking of values, of
which a central theme is that prosocial actions are more
justifiable than selfish ones. Learning to distinguish
between good versus bad justifications for actions based on
a common ground ranking of values is a key aspect of moral
development. The current study assessed this type of
understanding in young children. In a within-participants
design, young children (N = 64) saw puppets who promised to
show them a cool toy, failed to fulfill their promise, and
then gave either a good (prosocial), bad (selfish), or no
justification for their defection. Children's judgments
about defection following good justifications were less
negative than their judgments about defection following bad
or no justifications, which did not differ. When asked to
justify their judgments, 5-year-olds (but not 3-year-olds)
made more normative or promise-referencing statements when
reasoning about puppets who gave good justifications as
opposed to bad or no justifications. Children's rates of
tattling on, liking, and inviting puppets to play did not
vary by the type of justification that a puppet gave.
Overall, the findings suggest that the capacity to reference
a common ground ranking of values, a key component of human
cooperation and morality, is present in young
children.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogdev.2022.101268},
Key = {fds367772}
}
@article{fds362987,
Author = {Grueneisen, S and Tomasello, M},
Title = {How fairness and dominance guide young children's bargaining
decisions.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {93},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1318-1333},
Year = {2022},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13757},
Abstract = {Reaching agreements in conflicts is an important
developmental challenge. Here, German 5-year-olds
(N = 284, 49% female, mostly White, mixed socioeconomic
backgrounds; data collection: June 2016-November 2017) faced
repeated face-to-face bargaining problems in which they
chose between fair and unfair reward divisions. Across three
studies, children mostly settled on fair divisions. However,
dominant children tended to benefit more from bargaining
outcomes (in Study 1 and 2 but not Study 3) and children
mostly failed to use leverage to enforce fairness.
Communication analyses revealed that children giving orders
to their partner had a bargaining advantage and that
children provided and responded to fairness reasons. These
findings indicate that fairness concerns and dominance are
both key factors that shape young children's bargaining
decisions.},
Doi = {10.1111/cdev.13757},
Key = {fds362987}
}
@article{fds364336,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {The coordination of attention and action in great apes and
humans.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {377},
Number = {1859},
Pages = {20210093},
Year = {2022},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0093},
Abstract = {Great apes can discern what others are attending to and even
direct others' attention to themselves in flexible ways. But
they seemingly do not coordinate their attention with one
another recursively-understanding that the other is
monitoring their attention just as they are monitoring
hers-in acts of joint attention, at least not in the same
way as young human children. Similarly, great apes
collaborate with partners in many flexible ways, but they
seemingly do not coordinate with others to form mutually
obligating joint goals and commitments, nor regulate the
collaboration via acts of intentional communication, at
least not in the same way as young human children. The
hypothesis defended here is that it is precisely in their
capacities to coordinate attention and action with
others-that is, in their capacities for shared
intentionality-that humans are most clearly distinguished
from other great apes. This article is part of the theme
issue 'Revisiting the human 'interaction engine':
comparative approaches to social action coordination'.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2021.0093},
Key = {fds364336}
}
@article{fds362986,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {What is it like to be a chimpanzee?},
Journal = {Synthese},
Volume = {200},
Number = {2},
Year = {2022},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-022-03574-5},
Abstract = {Chimpanzees and humans are close evolutionary relatives who
behave in many of the same ways based on a similar type of
agentive organization. To what degree do they experience the
world in similar ways as well? Using contemporary research
in evolutionarily biology and animal cognition, I explicitly
compare the kinds of experience the two species of capable
of having. I conclude that chimpanzees’ experience of the
world, their experiential niche as I call it, is: (i)
intentional in basically the same way as humans’; (ii)
rational in the sense that it is self-critical and operates
with logically structured causal and intentional inferences;
but (iii) not normative at all in that it does not operate
with “objective” evaluative standards. Scientific data
do not answer philosophical questions, but they provide rich
raw material for scientists and philosophers alike to
reflect on and clarify fundamental psychological
concepts.},
Doi = {10.1007/s11229-022-03574-5},
Key = {fds362986}
}
@article{fds362632,
Author = {O'Madagain, C and Helming, KA and Schmidt, MFH and Shupe, E and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Great apes and human children rationally monitor their
decisions.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {289},
Number = {1971},
Pages = {20212686},
Year = {2022},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.2686},
Abstract = {Several species can detect when they are uncertain about
what decision to make-revealed by opting out of the choice,
or by seeking more information before deciding. However, we
do not know whether any nonhuman animals recognize when they
need more information to make a decision because new
evidence contradicts an already-formed belief. Here, we
explore this ability in great apes and human children.
First, we show that after great apes saw new evidence
contradicting their belief about which of two rewards was
greater, they stopped to recheck the evidence for their
belief before deciding. This indicates the ability to keep
track of the reasons for their decisions, or 'rational
monitoring' of the decision-making process. Children did the
same at 5 years of age, but not at 3 years. In a second
study, participants formed a belief about a reward's
location, but then a social partner contradicted them, by
picking the opposite location. This time even 3-year-old
children rechecked the evidence, while apes ignored the
disagreement. While apes were sensitive only to the conflict
in physical evidence, the youngest children were more
sensitive to peer disagreement than conflicting physical
evidence.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2021.2686},
Key = {fds362632}
}
@article{fds359682,
Author = {Vasil, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Effects of "we"-framing on young children's commitment,
sharing, and helping.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {214},
Pages = {105278},
Year = {2022},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105278},
Abstract = {By around 3 years of age, collaboration induces in young
children a normative sense of "we" that creates a sense of
obligation (e.g., commitment, fairness) toward their
collaborative partner. The current study investigated
whether this normative sense of we could be induced purely
verbally in 3- and 4-year-old children. Children joined a
puppet at a table to draw. In one condition the puppet
repeatedly framed things as "we" are going to sit at the
table, "we" are going to draw, and so forth, whereas in the
other condition the pronoun used was always "you." Dependent
measures gauged children's commitment, resource
distribution, and helping behavior toward their partner.
Results showed that both 3- and 4-year-olds felt a greater
sense of commitment to their partner after "we"-framing than
after "you"-framing. The 4-year-olds evidenced this
commitment by showing a greater reluctance to abandon their
partner for a more fun game compared with the 3-year-olds.
The 3-year-olds did not share this reluctance, but when they
did abandon their partner they more often took leave
following we-framing by "announcing" their leaving. There
were no effects of we-framing on children's sharing with
their partner or helping behavior. These results suggest
that verbal we-framing, as compared with you-framing, is an
effective means of inducing in children a sense of shared
agency and commitment with a partner.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105278},
Key = {fds359682}
}
@article{fds360579,
Author = {O'Madagain, C and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Shared intentionality, reason-giving and the evolution of
human culture.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {377},
Number = {1843},
Pages = {20200320},
Year = {2022},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0320},
Abstract = {The biological approach to culture focuses almost
exclusively on processes of social learning, to the neglect
of processes of cultural coordination including joint action
and shared intentionality. In this paper, we argue that the
distinctive features of human culture derive from humans'
unique skills and motivations for coordinating with one
another around different types of action and information. As
different levels of these skills of 'shared intentionality'
emerged over the last several hundred thousand years, human
culture became characterized first by such things as
collaborative activities and pedagogy based on cooperative
communication, and then by such things as collaborative
innovations and normatively structured pedagogy. As a kind
of capstone of this trajectory, humans began to coordinate
not just on joint actions and shared beliefs, but on the
reasons for what we believe or how we act. Coordinating on
reasons powered the kinds of extremely rapid innovation and
stable cumulative cultural evolution especially
characteristic of the human species in the last several tens
of thousands of years. This article is part of a discussion
meeting issue 'The emergence of collective knowledge and
cumulative culture in animals, humans and
machines'.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2020.0320},
Key = {fds360579}
}
@article{fds362756,
Author = {Kanngiesser, P and Schäfer, M and Herrmann, E and Zeidler, H and Haun,
D and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Children across societies enforce conventional norms but in
culturally variable ways.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {119},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e2112521118},
Year = {2022},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2112521118},
Abstract = {Individuals in all societies conform to their cultural
group's conventional norms, from how to dress on certain
occasions to how to play certain games. It is an open
question, however, whether individuals in all societies
actively enforce the group's conventional norms when others
break them. We investigated third-party enforcement of
conventional norms in 5- to 8-y-old children (<i>n</i> =
376) from eight diverse small-scale and large-scale
societies. Children learned the rules for playing a new
sorting game and then, observed a peer who was apparently
breaking them. Across societies, observer children
intervened frequently to correct their misguided peer (i.e.,
more frequently than when the peer was following the rules).
However, both the magnitude and the style of interventions
varied across societies. Detailed analyses of children's
interactions revealed societal differences in children's
verbal protest styles as well as in their use of actions,
gestures, and nonverbal expressions to intervene. Observers'
interventions predicted whether their peer adopted the
observer's sorting rule. Enforcement of conventional norms
appears to be an early emerging human universal that comes
to be expressed in culturally variable ways.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2112521118},
Key = {fds362756}
}
@misc{fds368121,
Author = {Vaish, A and Tomasello, M},
Title = {THE EARLY ONTOGENY OF HUMAN COOPERATION AND
MORALITY},
Pages = {200-216},
Booktitle = {Handbook of Moral Development, Third Edition},
Year = {2022},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780367497569},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003047247-16},
Abstract = {In this chapter, we consider children’s moral development
from an evolutionary perspective. We propose that human
morality arose evolutionarily as a set of skills and motives
for cooperating with others. Following recent accounts by
Tomasello and colleagues of a two-step sequence in the
evolution of human cooperation and morality, we propose and
review empirical evidence in support of a two-step sequence
in the ontogeny of human cooperation and morality: first, a
second-personal morality that emerges in infancy and
toddlerhood, in which children are sympathetic or fair to
particular others, and second, a norm-based morality that
emerges during the preschool years, in which children follow
and enforce group-wide social norms. These prosocial and
moral tendencies compete throughout ontogeny with
children’s selfish tendencies and are modified
significantly by socialization and culture.},
Doi = {10.4324/9781003047247-16},
Key = {fds368121}
}
@article{fds359904,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Knowledge-by-acquaintance before propositional
knowledge/belief.},
Journal = {The Behavioral and brain sciences},
Volume = {44},
Pages = {e173},
Year = {2021},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x20001387},
Abstract = {More basic than the authors' distinction between knowing and
believing is a distinction between knowledge-by-acquaintance
(I know John Smith) and propositional knowledge/belief (I
know/believe that John Smith lives in Durham). This
distinction provides a better account of both the
comparative and developmental data.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0140525x20001387},
Key = {fds359904}
}
@article{fds359733,
Author = {Kanngiesser, P and Mammen, M and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children's understanding of justifications for
breaking a promise},
Journal = {Cognitive Development},
Volume = {60},
Year = {2021},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2021.101127},
Abstract = {There are sometimes legitimate reasons for breaking a
promise when circumstances change. We investigated 3- and
5-year-old German children's understanding of promise
breaking in prosocial (helping someone else) and selfish
(playing with someone else) conditions. In Study 1 (n = 80,
50% girls), preschoolers initially kept their own promise in
all conditions. When they eventually broke their promise,
3-year-olds’ justifications mostly referenced salient
events, whereas 5-year-olds also referenced social norms. In
Study 2 (n = 65, 49% girls), 5-year-olds preferred others’
promise-breaking more in prosocial than selfish conditions;
3-year-olds showed the reverse pattern. Three-year-olds’
justifications focused on desires, whereas 5-year-olds
focused on relevant events. Overall, 3-year-olds were able
to offer justifications, but 5-year-olds started to
distinguish what counted in the eyes of others as “good”
and “bad” reasons for promise breaking.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogdev.2021.101127},
Key = {fds359733}
}
@article{fds359681,
Author = {Straka, BC and Stanaland, A and Tomasello, M and Gaither,
SE},
Title = {Who can be in a group? 3- to 5-year-old children construe
realistic social groups through mutual intentionality},
Journal = {Cognitive Development},
Volume = {60},
Year = {2021},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2021.101097},
Abstract = {Recent research suggests that young children's causal
justification for minimal group membership can be induced
via a cognitive framework of mutual intentionality. That is,
an individual can become a group member when both the
individual and group agree to membership. Here, we
investigated if children ages 3–5 understand groups formed
by mutual intentions and whether they apply mutual
intentions to realistic groups with varying entitative and
essentialized qualities. In two studies (N = 197), we asked
3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children if a novel character could
join an existing group based on intentionality (mutual,
individual-, group-only) and group type (task, friends,
family). We find that 4- and 5-year-olds robustly relied on
mutual intentions to constitute group membership and
3-year-olds also demonstrated emerging usage of this
cognitive framework. Moreover, children employed mutual
intentionality across different group types, suggesting a
general framework for children's understanding of different
social groups.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogdev.2021.101097},
Key = {fds359681}
}
@article{fds355156,
Author = {Kachel, G and Moore, R and Hepach, R and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Toddlers Prefer Adults as Informants: 2- and 3-Year-Olds'
Use of and Attention to Pointing Gestures From Peer and
Adult Partners.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {92},
Number = {4},
Pages = {e635-e652},
Year = {2021},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13544},
Abstract = {Two- and 3-year-old children (N = 96) were tested in an
object-choice task with video presentations of peer and
adult partners. An immersive, semi-interactive procedure
enabled both the close matching of adult and peer conditions
and the combination of participants' choice behavior with
looking time measures. Children were more likely to use
information provided by adults. As the effect was more
pronounced in the younger age-group, the observed bias may
fade during toddlerhood. As there were no differences in
children's propensity to follow peer and adult gestures with
their gaze, these findings provide some of the earliest
evidence to date that young children take an interlocutor's
age into account when judging ostensively communicated
testimony.},
Doi = {10.1111/cdev.13544},
Key = {fds355156}
}
@article{fds352448,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Response to: Rethinking Human Development and the Shared
Intentionality Hypothesis},
Journal = {Review of Philosophy and Psychology},
Volume = {12},
Number = {2},
Pages = {465-468},
Year = {2021},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13164-020-00510-9},
Abstract = {I respond to Moll, Nichols, and Mackey’s review of my book
Becoming Human. I agree with many of their points, but have
my own point of view on some others.},
Doi = {10.1007/s13164-020-00510-9},
Key = {fds352448}
}
@article{fds357565,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Norms Require Not Just Technical Skill and Social Learning,
but Real Cooperation},
Journal = {Analyse und Kritik},
Volume = {43},
Number = {1},
Pages = {219-223},
Year = {2021},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auk-2021-0012},
Abstract = {Birch's account of the evolutionary origins of social norms
is essentially individualistic. It begins with individuals
regulating their own actions toward internally represented
goals, as evaluative standards, and adds in a social
dimension only secondarily. I argue that a better account
begins at the outset with uniquely human collaborative
activity in which individuals share evaluative standards
about how anyone who would play a given role must behave
both toward their joint goal and toward one another. This
then scaled up to the shared normative standards for anyone
who would be a member of 'our' social group.},
Doi = {10.1515/auk-2021-0012},
Key = {fds357565}
}
@article{fds358692,
Author = {Hepach, R and Vaish, A and Kano, F and Albiach-Serrano, A and Benziad,
L and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Chimpanzees' (Pan troglodytes) internal arousal remains
elevated if they cannot themselves help a
conspecific.},
Journal = {Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. :
1983)},
Volume = {135},
Number = {2},
Pages = {196-207},
Year = {2021},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/com0000255},
Abstract = {Chimpanzees help conspecifics achieve their goals in
instrumental situations, but neither their immediate
motivation nor the evolutionary basis of their motivation is
clear. In the current study, we gave chimpanzees the
opportunity to instrumentally help a conspecific to obtain
food. Following recent studies with human children, we
measured their pupil diameter at various points in the
process. Like young children, chimpanzees' pupil diameter
decreased soon after they had helped. However, unlike
children, chimpanzees' pupils remained more dilated upon
watching a third party provide the needed help instead of
them. Our interpretation is that chimpanzees are motivated
to help others, and the evolutionary basis is direct or
indirect reciprocity, as providing help oneself sets the
conditions for a payback. This is in contrast to young
children whose goal is to see others being helped-by
whomever-presumably because their helping is not based on
reciprocity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all
rights reserved).},
Doi = {10.1037/com0000255},
Key = {fds358692}
}
@article{fds356461,
Author = {Wolf, W and Nafe, A and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The Development of the Liking Gap: Children Older Than 5
Years Think That Partners Evaluate Them Less Positively Than
They Evaluate Their Partners.},
Journal = {Psychological science},
Volume = {32},
Number = {5},
Pages = {789-798},
Year = {2021},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797620980754},
Abstract = {After two strangers have briefly interacted with one
another, both believe that they like their partner more than
their partner likes them. A plausible explanation for this
<i>liking gap</i> is that people are constantly worrying
about how others are evaluating them. If so, one would
expect the liking gap to emerge in young children as they
become more concerned with their reputations and the
impression they make on other people. The current study
(<i>N</i> = 241 U.S. children; age range = 4-11 years)
supported this hypothesis, showing a liking gap beginning
when children were 5 years old, the age at which they first
become concerned with other people's evaluations of them.
Moreover, the liking gap became more pronounced as children
got older. These findings provide the first developmental
description of the liking gap and support the hypothesis
that this phenomenon is related to individuals' concerns for
how others evaluate them.},
Doi = {10.1177/0956797620980754},
Key = {fds356461}
}
@article{fds356996,
Author = {O’Madagain, C and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Joint attention to mental content and the social origin of
reasoning},
Journal = {Synthese},
Volume = {198},
Number = {5},
Pages = {4057-4078},
Year = {2021},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-019-02327-1},
Abstract = {Growing evidence indicates that our higher rational
capacities depend on social interaction—that only through
engaging with others do we acquire the ability to evaluate
beliefs as true or false, or to reflect on and evaluate the
reasons that support our beliefs. Up to now, however, we
have had little understanding of how this works. Here we
argue that a uniquely human socio-linguistic phenomenon
which we call ‘joint attention to mental content’ (JAM)
plays a key role. JAM is the ability to focus together in
conversation on the content of our mental states, such as
beliefs and reasons. In such conversations it can be made
clear that our attitudes to beliefs or reasons may
conflict—that what I think is true, you might think is
false, or that what I think is a good reason for believing
something, you might think is a bad reason. We argue that
through JAM, children discover that mental contents can be
evaluated under various attitudes, and that this discovery
transforms their mind-reading and reasoning
abilities.},
Doi = {10.1007/s11229-019-02327-1},
Key = {fds356996}
}
@article{fds352900,
Author = {Siposova, B and Grueneisen, S and Helming, K and Tomasello, M and Carpenter, M},
Title = {Common knowledge that help is needed increases helping
behavior in children.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {201},
Pages = {104973},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104973},
Abstract = {Although there is considerable evidence that at least some
helping behavior is motivated by genuine concern for others'
well-being, sometimes we also help solely out of a sense of
obligation to the persons in need. Our sense of obligation
to help may be particularly strong when there is common
knowledge between the helper and the helpee that the helpee
needs help. To test whether children's helping behavior is
affected by having common knowledge with the recipient about
the recipient's need, 6-year-olds faced a dilemma: They
could either collect stickers or help an experimenter.
Children were more likely to help when they and the
experimenter had common knowledge about the experimenter's
plight (because they heard it together) than when they each
had private knowledge about it (because they heard it
individually). These results suggest that already in young
children common knowledge can heighten the sense of
obligation to help others in need.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104973},
Key = {fds352900}
}
@article{fds354956,
Author = {Mammen, M and Köymen, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children's moral judgments depend on the social
relationship between agents},
Journal = {Cognitive Development},
Volume = {57},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2020.100973},
Abstract = {Moral judgments can vary depending on the social
relationship between agents. We presented 4- and 6-year-old
peer dyads (N = 128) with stories, in which a parent (parent
condition) or a peer protagonist (peer condition) faced a
child in need of help (e.g., the child is thirsty). The
dyads had to decide whether the protagonist helped at a cost
(e.g., by giving up their water) or not. 6-year-olds
expected a parent to help their child more than they
expected a child to help their peer. Moreover, children
justified their expectations more often with normative
statements (e.g., “She has to help”) in the parent
condition than in the peer condition. Thus, refusal to help
a child was more acceptable coming from a peer than from a
parent. The results suggest that young children take into
account multiple perspectives and form different normative
expectations for different social agents when making moral
judgments.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogdev.2020.100973},
Key = {fds354956}
}
@article{fds355300,
Author = {Domberg, A and Tomasello, M and Köymen, B},
Title = {Collaborative reasoning in the context of group
competition.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {16},
Number = {2},
Pages = {e0246589},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246589},
Abstract = {A key skill in collaborative problem-solving is to
communicate and evaluate reasons for proposals to arrive at
the decision benefiting all group members. Although it is
well-documented that collaborative contexts facilitate young
children's reasoning, less is known about whether
competition with other groups contributes to children's
collaborative reasoning. We investigated whether
between-group competition facilitates children's
within-group collaborative reasoning, regarding their
production of reasons and their use of transacts,
communicative acts that operate on one another's proposals
and reasoning. We presented 5- and 7-year-old peer dyads
with two collaborative problem-solving tasks (decorating a
zoo and a dollhouse). In one task, children competed against
another group (the competitive condition); whereas in the
other task, they did not (non-competitive condition). Our
results suggest that children's sensitivity to group
competition as reflected in their reasoning changed
depending on the task. When they decorated a house, they
produced more transacts in the competitive condition than in
the non-competitive condition; whereas when they decorated a
zoo, this pattern was reversed. Thus, our results highlight
that group competition did not influence children's
collaborative reasoning consistently across different
contexts.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0246589},
Key = {fds355300}
}
@article{fds355723,
Author = {Plötner, M and Hepach, R and Over, H and Carpenter, M and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Young children share more under time pressure than after a
delay.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {16},
Number = {3},
Pages = {e0248121},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248121},
Abstract = {Adults under time pressure share with others generously, but
with more time they act more selfishly. In the current
study, we investigated whether young children already
operate in this same way, and, if so, whether this changes
over the preschool and early school age years. We tested 144
children in three age groups (3-, 5-, and 7-year olds) in a
one-shot dictator game: Children were given nine stickers
and had the possibility to share stickers with another child
who was absent. Children in the Time Pressure condition were
instructed to share quickly, whereas children in the Delay
condition were instructed to take time and consider their
decision carefully. Across ages, children in the Time
Pressure condition shared significantly more stickers than
children in the Delay condition. Moreover, the longer
children waited, the less they shared. Thus, children, like
adults, are more prosocial when acting spontaneously than
after considering their decision more carefully.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0248121},
Key = {fds355723}
}
@article{fds356997,
Author = {Li, L and Britvan, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children conform more to norms than to
preferences.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {16},
Number = {5},
Pages = {e0251228},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251228},
Abstract = {As members of cultural groups, humans continually adhere to
social norms and conventions. Researchers have hypothesized
that even young children are motivated to act
conventionally, but support for this hypothesis has been
indirect and open to other interpretations. To further test
this hypothesis, we invited 3.5-year-old children (N = 104)
to help set up items for a tea party. Children first
indicated which items they preferred but then heard an
informant (either an adult or another child) endorse other
items in terms of either conventional norms or personal
preferences. Children conformed (i.e., overrode their own
preference to follow the endorsement) more when the
endorsements were framed as norms than when they were framed
as preferences, and this was the case whether the informant
was an adult or another child. The priority of norms even
when stated by another child opposes the interpretation that
children only conformed in deference to adult authority.
These findings suggest that children are motivated to act
conventionally, possibly as an adaptation for living in
cultural groups.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0251228},
Key = {fds356997}
}
@misc{fds358297,
Author = {Mannle, S and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Fathers, siblings, and the bridge hypothesis},
Pages = {23-41},
Booktitle = {Children’s Language: Volume 6},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780898597608},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315792668-2},
Abstract = {The underlying assumption of the Bridge Hypothesis-which is
not shared by all developmental psycholinguists-is that
communication pressure is beneficial to the child’s
development of communicative competence, including the
acquisition of linguistic skills. This chapter reviews the
existing research on fathers’ and siblings’ linguistic
interactions with young children, including some recent
research from our own laboratory. In the traditional family
situation, fathers spend significantly less time than
mothers interacting with their children, and so presumably
are less familiar with the everyday behavioral routines that
are so important for early language acquisition. As with
fathers, the research on siblings’ communicative
interactions with young children has just begun. Most of the
relevant research on sibling speech to infants is concerned
with structural/linguistic features, and it is thus unclear
in this case as well whether siblings do in fact place
communication pressure on the language learning child and
thereby act as a linguistic bridge.},
Doi = {10.4324/9781315792668-2},
Key = {fds358297}
}
@article{fds355827,
Author = {Li, L and Tomasello, M},
Title = {On the moral functions of language},
Journal = {Social Cognition},
Volume = {39},
Number = {1},
Pages = {99-116},
Publisher = {Guilford Press},
Year = {2021},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/soco.2021.39.1.99},
Abstract = {Previous comparisons of language and morality have taken a
cognitively internalist (i.e., within-minds) perspective. We
take a socially externalist (i.e., between-minds)
perspective, viewing both language and morality as forms of
social action. During human evolution, social cognitive
adaptations for cooperation evolved, including cooperative
communication (social acts to mentally coordinate with
others for common goals) and social normativity (social acts
to regulate cooperative social relationships). As human
cooperation scaled up in complexity, cooperative
communication and social normativity scaled up as well,
leading to the development of culturally elaborated forms of
language and morality. Language facilitates all aspects of
morality and is even necessary for certain aspects. Humans
use language to (1) initiate, (2) preserve, (3) revise, and
(4) act on morality in ways such as forming joint
commitments, teaching norms, modifying social realities, and
engaging in moral reason-giving.},
Doi = {10.1521/soco.2021.39.1.99},
Key = {fds355827}
}
@article{fds352447,
Author = {Köymen, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The Early Ontogeny of Reason Giving},
Journal = {Child Development Perspectives},
Volume = {14},
Number = {4},
Pages = {215-220},
Year = {2020},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12384},
Abstract = {The key context within which preschool children learn to
justify beliefs with reasons is collaborative
problem-solving and decision-making with peers, including in
the moral domain, in which they engage with another coequal
mind in a cooperative spirit. Evidence for this proposal
comes from recent studies in which children demonstrated
sensitivity to the common ground assumptions they shared
with their peer partners in decision-making, as well as an
ability to provide reasons relevant to their shared
understanding. Training studies suggest that discourse with
others about reasons for beliefs provides children with the
appropriate learning experiences. Internalizing this
communicative process may be crucial for individual
deliberative reasoning.},
Doi = {10.1111/cdep.12384},
Key = {fds352447}
}
@article{fds351010,
Author = {Wolf, W and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Human children, but not great apes, become socially closer
by sharing an experience in common ground.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {199},
Pages = {104930},
Year = {2020},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104930},
Abstract = {To create social closeness, humans engage in a variety of
social activities centered around shared experiences. Even
simply watching the same video side by side creates social
closeness in adults and children. However, perhaps
surprisingly, a similar psychological mechanism was recently
shown in great apes. Here we asked whether the process by
which this social closeness is created is the same for
children and great apes. Each participant entered a room to
see an experimenter (E1) watching a video. In one condition,
E1 looked to the participant at the start of the video to
establish common ground that they were watching the video
together. In another condition, E1 did not look to the
participant in this way so that the participant knew they
were watching the same video, but the participant did not
know whether E1 was aware of this as well, so there was no
common ground (E1 looked to the participant later in the
procedure). Children, but not great apes, approached the
experimenter faster after the common ground condition,
suggesting that although both humans and great apes create
social closeness by co-attending to something in close
proximity, creating social closeness by sharing experiences
in common ground may be a uniquely human social-cognitive
process.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104930},
Key = {fds351010}
}
@article{fds351568,
Author = {Sánchez-Amaro, A and Duguid, S and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Do 7-year-old children understand social
leverage?},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {199},
Pages = {104963},
Year = {2020},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104963},
Abstract = {Individuals with an advantageous position during a
negotiation possess leverage over their partners. Several
studies with adults have investigated how leverage can
influence the coordination strategies of individuals when
conflicts of interest arise. In this study, we explored how
pairs of 7-year-old children solved a coordination game
(based on the Snowdrift scenario) when one child had
leverage over the other child. We presented a social dilemma
in the form of an unequal reward distribution on a rotating
tray. The rotating tray could be accessed by both children.
The child who waited longer to act received the best
outcome, but if both children waited too long, they would
lose the rewards. In addition, one child could forgo the
access to the rotating tray for an alternative option-the
leverage. Although children rarely used their leverage
strategically, children with access to the alternative were
less likely to play the social dilemma, especially when
their leverage was larger. Furthermore, children waited
longer to act as the leverage decreased. Finally, children
almost never failed to coordinate. The results hint to a
trade-off between maximizing benefits while maintaining
long-term collaboration in complex scenarios where
strategies such as turn taking are hard to
implement.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104963},
Key = {fds351568}
}
@article{fds351570,
Author = {Li, J and Hou, W and Zhu, L and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The development of intent-based moral judgment and moral
behavior in the context of indirect reciprocity: A
cross-cultural study},
Journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Development},
Volume = {44},
Number = {6},
Pages = {525-533},
Year = {2020},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025420935636},
Abstract = {The current study aimed to investigate the cultural
differences in the developmental origins of children’s
intent-based moral judgment and moral behavior in the
context of indirect reciprocity. To this end, we compared
how German and Chinese children interpret and react to
antisocial and prosocial interactions between puppets. An
actor puppet performed either a positive or negative act
toward a prosocial or antisocial target puppet with the
intention to cause harm or not; 197 three and five-year-old
children participated as a third party and were asked to
judge the actor puppet’s behavior and to distribute
stickers. Results showed that 3-year-old Chinese children
were able to take intention and context into account when
making moral judgments and distributing resources, whereas
German children did not show sensitivity to intention until
the age of 5. These findings suggest that culture may
mediate children’s intent-based moral judgment and moral
behavior in the context of indirect reciprocity.},
Doi = {10.1177/0165025420935636},
Key = {fds351570}
}
@article{fds351569,
Author = {Ulber, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children's prosocial responses toward peers and adults
in two social contexts.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {198},
Pages = {104888},
Year = {2020},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104888},
Abstract = {Young children help and share with others, but little is
known about the "how" and "who" of this early prosocial
behavior. In the current study, we compared 2- and
3-year-old children's (N = 203; 101 girls) prosocial
behavior of sharing and helping. We asked whether the
process was different (a) if the social partner was an adult
or a same-age peer and (b) if the child was actively
interacting and engaged with the partner or not. The highest
prosocial responses were found in bilateral joint tasks such
as sharing the spoils after a collaborative effort and
helping a partner finish a mutual activity. Prosocial
responses were lower in unilateral autonomous tasks such as
assisting another person in opening a locked box and
distributing a windfall of resources. Children did not show
an overall preference for helping or sharing with adults
versus peers except that they were more likely to support a
peer than an adult in an instrumental helping task.
Together, these findings suggest that toddlers' early
prosocial skills and motivations are more sensitive to how
toddlers are engaged with a partner than to who that partner
is, implying that children have a nondiscriminatory general
inclination to benefit others, especially in bilateral
interactive scenarios.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104888},
Key = {fds351569}
}
@article{fds353880,
Author = {Hepach, R and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children show positive emotions when seeing someone
get the help they deserve},
Journal = {Cognitive Development},
Volume = {56},
Year = {2020},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2020.100935},
Abstract = {Little is known about the underlying emotional bases of
children's prosociality. Here we engaged 32 dyads of
4-year-old children in a reward-collecting task at the end
of which one child was more in need of help. An adult then
either helped the needier child (deserving outcome) or the
less needy child (less deserving outcome). Both children
expressed elevated upper-body posture (positively valenced
emotions) when the more needy (but not the less needy) child
was helped, whether it was themselves or not. In contrast,
both children showed decreased elevation when the less needy
(but not the more needy) child received the help, again
whether it was themselves or not. These results suggest that
preschool children's prosocial emotions are regulated not
only by sympathy for those needing help, but also by a sense
of deservingness as determined by social
comparison.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogdev.2020.100935},
Key = {fds353880}
}
@article{fds349814,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {The Ontogenetic Foundations of Epistemic
Norms},
Journal = {Episteme},
Volume = {17},
Number = {3},
Pages = {301-315},
Year = {2020},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/epi.2019.50},
Abstract = {In this paper, I approach epistemic norms from an
ontogenetic point of view. I argue and present evidence that
to understand epistemic norms - e.g., scientific norms of
methodology and the evaluation of evidence - children must
first develop through their social interactions with others
three key concepts. First is the concept of belief, which
provides the most basic distinction on which scientific
investigations rest: the distinction between individual
subjective perspectives and an objective reality. Second is
the concept of reason, which in the context of science
obligates practitioners to justify their claims to others
with reasons by grounding them in beliefs that are
universally shared within the community. Third is the
concept of social norm, which is not primarily epistemic,
but provides children with an understanding of norms as
collective agreements. The theoretical argument is that all
three of these concepts emerge not from just any kind of
social interaction, but specifically from social
interactions structured by the human species' unique
capacities for shared intentionality.},
Doi = {10.1017/epi.2019.50},
Key = {fds349814}
}
@misc{fds353328,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Why don't apes point?},
Pages = {506-524},
Booktitle = {Roots of Human Sociality: Culture, Cognition and
Interaction},
Year = {2020},
Month = {August},
ISBN = {9781845203948},
Key = {fds353328}
}
@book{fds352651,
Author = {Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The gestural communication of apes and monkeys},
Pages = {1-256},
Year = {2020},
Month = {August},
ISBN = {9780805853650},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003064541},
Abstract = {The Gestural Communication of Apes and Monkeys is an
intriguing compilation of naturalistic and experimental
research conducted over the course of 20 years on gestural
communication in primates, as well as a comparison to what
is known about the vocal communication of nonhuman primates.
The editors also make systematic comparisons to the gestural
communication of prelinguistic and just-linguistic human
children. An enlightening exploration unfolds into what may
represent the starting point for the evolution of human
communication and language. This especially significant read
is organized into nine chapters that discuss: *the gestural
repertoire of chimpanzees; *gestures in orangutans, subadult
gorillas, and siamangs; *gestural communication in Barbary
macaques; and *a comparison of the gestures of apes and
monkeys. This book will appeal to psychologists,
anthropologists, and linguists interested in the
evolutionary origins of language and/or gestures, as well as
to all primatologists. A CD insert offers video of gestures
for each of the species.},
Doi = {10.4324/9781003064541},
Key = {fds352651}
}
@misc{fds352650,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Call, J},
Title = {Introduction: Intentional communication in nonhuman
primates},
Pages = {1-15},
Booktitle = {The Gestural Communication of Apes and Monkeys},
Year = {2020},
Month = {August},
ISBN = {9780805853650},
Key = {fds352650}
}
@misc{fds352649,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Call, J},
Title = {Ape gestures and the origins of language},
Pages = {221-239},
Booktitle = {The Gestural Communication of Apes and Monkeys},
Year = {2020},
Month = {August},
ISBN = {9780805853650},
Key = {fds352649}
}
@misc{fds352648,
Author = {Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The gestural repertoire of chimpanzees (Pan
troglodytes)},
Pages = {17-39},
Booktitle = {The Gestural Communication of Apes and Monkeys},
Year = {2020},
Month = {August},
ISBN = {9780805853650},
Key = {fds352648}
}
@misc{fds352652,
Author = {Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Comparing the gestures of apes and monkeys},
Pages = {197-220},
Booktitle = {The Gestural Communication of Apes and Monkeys},
Year = {2020},
Month = {August},
ISBN = {9780805853650},
Key = {fds352652}
}
@article{fds349805,
Author = {Gopnik, A and Frankenhuis, WE and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Introduction to special issue: 'Life history and learning:
how childhood, caregiving and old age shape cognition and
culture in humans and other animals'.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {375},
Number = {1803},
Pages = {20190489},
Year = {2020},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0489},
Abstract = {This special issue focuses on the relationship between life
history and learning, especially during human evolution.
'Life history' refers to the developmental programme of an
organism, including its period of immaturity, reproductive
rate and timing, caregiving investment and longevity. Across
many species an extended childhood and high caregiving
investment appear to be correlated with particular kinds of
plasticity and learning. Human life history is particularly
distinctive; humans evolved an exceptionally long childhood
and old age, and an unusually high level of caregiving
investment, at the same time that they evolved distinctive
capacities for cognition and culture. The contributors
explore the relations between life history, plasticity and
learning across a wide range of methods and populations,
including theoretical and empirical work in biology,
anthropology and developmental psychology. This article is
part of the theme issue 'Life history and learning: how
childhood, caregiving and old age shape cognition and
culture in humans and other animals'.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2019.0489},
Key = {fds349805}
}
@article{fds349806,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {The adaptive origins of uniquely human sociality.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {375},
Number = {1803},
Pages = {20190493},
Year = {2020},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0493},
Abstract = {Humans possess some unique social-cognitive skills and
motivations, involving such things as joint attention,
cooperative communication, dual-level collaboration and
cultural learning. These are almost certainly adaptations
for humans' especially complex sociocultural lives. The
common assumption has been that these unique skills and
motivations emerge in human infancy and early childhood as
preparations for the challenges of adult life, for example,
in collaborative foraging. In the current paper, I propose
that the curiously early emergence of these skills in
infancy--well before they are needed in adulthood--along
with other pieces of evidence (such as almost exclusive use
with adults not peers) suggests that aspects of the
evolution of these skills represent ontogenetic adaptations
to the unique socio-ecological challenges human infants face
in the context of a regime of cooperative breeding and
childcare. This article is part of the theme issue 'Life
history and learning: how childhood, caregiving and old age
shape cognition and culture in humans and other
animals'.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2019.0493},
Key = {fds349806}
}
@article{fds349808,
Author = {Bohn, M and Kordt, C and Braun, M and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Learning Novel Skills From Iconic Gestures: A Developmental
and Evolutionary Perspective.},
Journal = {Psychological science},
Volume = {31},
Number = {7},
Pages = {873-880},
Year = {2020},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797620921519},
Abstract = {Cumulative cultural learning has been argued to rely on
high-fidelity copying of other individuals' actions. Iconic
gestures of actions have no physical effect on objects in
the world but merely represent actions that would have an
effect. Learning from iconic gestures thus requires paying
close attention to the teacher's precise bodily movements-a
prerequisite for high-fidelity copying. In three studies, we
investigated whether 2- and 3-year-old children (<i>N</i> =
122) and great apes (<i>N</i> = 36) learn novel skills from
iconic gestures. When faced with a novel apparatus,
participants watched an experimenter perform either an
iconic gesture depicting the action necessary to open the
apparatus or a gesture depicting a different action.
Children, but not great apes, profited from iconic gestures,
with older children doing so to a larger extent. These
results suggest that high-fidelity copying abilities are
firmly in place in humans by at least 3 years of
age.},
Doi = {10.1177/0956797620921519},
Key = {fds349808}
}
@article{fds349807,
Author = {Grueneisen, S and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The development of coordination via joint expectations for
shared benefits.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {56},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1149-1156},
Year = {2020},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/dev0000936},
Abstract = {People frequently need to cooperate despite having strong
self-serving motives. In the current study, pairs of 5- and
7-year-olds (<i>N</i> = 160) faced a one-shot coordination
problem: To benefit, children had to choose the same of 3
reward divisions. They could not communicate or see each
other and thus had to accurately predict each other's
choices to succeed. One division split the rewards evenly,
while the others each favored one child. Five-year-olds
mostly chose the division favorable to themselves, resulting
in coordination failure. By contrast, 7-year-olds mostly
coordinated successfully by choosing the division that split
the rewards equally (even though they behaved selfishly in a
control condition in which they could choose independently).
This suggests that by age 7, children jointly expect
benefits to be shared among interdependent social partners
"fairly" and that fair compromises can emanate from a
cooperative rationality adapted for social coordination.
(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights
reserved).},
Doi = {10.1037/dev0000936},
Key = {fds349807}
}
@article{fds349811,
Author = {Schmelz, M and Grueneisen, S and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The psychological mechanisms underlying reciprocal
prosociality in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).},
Journal = {Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. :
1983)},
Volume = {134},
Number = {2},
Pages = {149-157},
Year = {2020},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/com0000200},
Abstract = {In both the wild and captivity, chimpanzees engage in
reciprocal patterns of prosocial behavior. However, the
proximate mechanisms underlying these patterns are unclear.
In the current study, we investigated whether chimpanzees
prefer to act prosocially toward conspecifics who have
directly benefited them (perhaps based on an affective bond)
or whether they simply observe the prosocial behavior of
others in general (including indirectly to third parties)
and preferentially interact with and behave prosocially
toward the most prosocial individuals. We found good
evidence for direct reciprocity but little evidence for a
general (indirect) preference for prosocial individuals.
These results suggest that cooperative reciprocity in
chimpanzees may be based mostly on social-affective
processes and direct interactions. (PsycInfo Database Record
(c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).},
Doi = {10.1037/com0000200},
Key = {fds349811}
}
@article{fds349809,
Author = {Hepach, R and Benziad, L and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Chimpanzees help others with what they want; children help
them with what they need.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {23},
Number = {3},
Pages = {e12922},
Year = {2020},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/desc.12922},
Abstract = {Humans, including young children, are strongly motivated to
help others, even paying a cost to do so. Humans' nearest
primate relatives, great apes, are likewise motivated to
help others, raising the question of whether the motivations
of humans and apes are the same. Here we compared the
underlying motivation to help in human children and
chimpanzees. Both species understood the situation and
helped a conspecific in a straightforward situation.
However, when helpers knew that what the other was
requesting would not actually help her, only children gave
her what she needed instead of giving her what she
requested. These results suggest that both chimpanzees and
human children help others but the underlying motivation for
why they help differs. In comparison to chimpanzees, young
children help in a paternalistic manner. The evolutionary
hypothesis is that uniquely human socio-ecologies based on
interdependent cooperation gave rise to uniquely human
prosocial motivations to help others paternalistically.},
Doi = {10.1111/desc.12922},
Key = {fds349809}
}
@article{fds349810,
Author = {Köymen, B and Jurkat, S and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Preschoolers refer to direct and indirect evidence in their
collaborative reasoning.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {193},
Pages = {104806},
Year = {2020},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104806},
Abstract = {Collaborative reasoning requires partners to evaluate
options and the evidence for or against each option. We
investigated whether preschoolers can explain why one option
is best (direct reasons) and why the other option is not
(indirect reasons), looking at both problems that have a
correct answer and those that require choosing the better
option. In Study 1, both age groups produced direct reasons
equally frequently in both problems. However, 5-year-olds
produced indirect reasons more often than 3-year-olds,
especially when there was a correct answer. In Study 2 with
a nonverbal task with a correct answer, 3-year-olds produced
indirect reasons more often than in Study 1, although
5-year-olds' indirect reasons were more efficiently stated.
These results demonstrate that even 3-year-olds, and even
nonverbally, can point out to a partner a fact that
constitutes a reason for them to arrive at a correct joint
decision.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104806},
Key = {fds349810}
}
@article{fds349820,
Author = {Köymen, B and O'Madagain, C and Domberg, A and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Young Children's Ability to Produce Valid and Relevant
Counter-Arguments.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {91},
Number = {3},
Pages = {685-693},
Year = {2020},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13338},
Abstract = {In collaborative problem solving, children produce and
evaluate arguments for proposals. We investigated whether 3-
and 5-year-olds (N = 192) can produce and evaluate
arguments against those arguments (i.e., counter-arguments).
In Study 1, each child within a peer dyad was privately
given a reason to prefer one over another solution to a
task. One child, however, was given further information that
would refute the reasoning of their partner. Five-year-olds,
but not 3-year-olds, identified and produced valid and
relevant counter-arguments. In Study 2, 3-year-olds were
given discourse training (discourse that contrasted valid
and invalid counter-arguments) and then given the same
problem-solving tasks. After training, 3-year-olds could
also identify and produce valid and relevant
counter-arguments. Thus, participating in discourse about
reasons facilitates children's counter-argumentation.},
Doi = {10.1111/cdev.13338},
Key = {fds349820}
}
@article{fds351571,
Author = {Duguid, S and Wyman, E and Grueneisen, S and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {The strategies used by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and
children (Homo sapiens) to solve a simple coordination
problem.},
Journal = {Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. :
1983)},
Year = {2020},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/com0000220},
Abstract = {One of the challenges of collaboration is to coordinate
decisions with others, and recent theories have proposed
that humans, in particular, evolved skills to address this
challenge. To test this hypothesis, we compared the
coordination abilities of 4-year-old children and
chimpanzees with a simple coordination problem. To retrieve
a reward from a "puzzle box," pairs of individuals were
simply required to choose the same 1 of 4 options. If
successful, they each received the same reward, so there
were no conflicts of interest. Individuals were paired with
multiple partners over time. Both species were able to
coordinate, but there were marked differences in the way
they did so. Children were able to coordinate quickly and
flexibly, adjusting easily to new partners, suggesting an
understanding of the coordination process. In contrast,
chimpanzees took time to converge on a single solution with
each new partner, with no gains across partners, suggesting
that their coordination was based only on repeating
successful past choices. Together, these results support the
hypothesis that humans have evolved unique skills for
coordinating decisions and actions with others in the
pursuit of common interests. (PsycInfo Database Record (c)
2020 APA, all rights reserved).},
Doi = {10.1037/com0000220},
Key = {fds351571}
}
@article{fds349812,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {The many faces of obligation.},
Journal = {The Behavioral and brain sciences},
Volume = {43},
Pages = {e89},
Year = {2020},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x19002620},
Abstract = {My response to the commentaries focuses on four issues: (1)
the diversity both within and between cultures of the many
different faces of obligation; (2) the possible evolutionary
roots of the sense of obligation, including possible sources
that I did not consider; (3) the possible ontogenetic roots
of the sense of obligation, including especially children's
understanding of groups from a third-party perspective
(rather than through participation, as in my account); and
(4) the relation between philosophical accounts of normative
phenomena in general - which are pitched as not totally
empirical - and empirical accounts such as my own. I have
tried to distinguish comments that argue for extensions of
the theory from those that represent genuine
disagreement.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0140525x19002620},
Key = {fds349812}
}
@article{fds349813,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {The role of roles in uniquely human cognition and
sociality},
Journal = {Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour},
Volume = {50},
Number = {1},
Pages = {2-19},
Year = {2020},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jtsb.12223},
Abstract = {To understand themselves as playing a social role,
individuals must understand themselves to be contributing to
a cooperative endeavor. Psychologically, the form of
cooperation required is a specific type that only humans may
possess, namely, one in which individuals form a joint or
collective agency to pursue a common end. This begins
ontogenetically not with the societal level but rather with
more local collaboration between individuals. Participating
in collaborative endeavors of this type leads young
children, cognitively, to think in terms of different
perspectives on a joint focus of attention - including
ultimately an objective perspective - and to organize their
experience in terms of a relational-thematic-narrative
dimension. Socially, such participation leads young children
to an understanding of self-other equivalence with mutual
respect among collaborative partners and, ultimately, to a
normative (i.e. moral) stance toward “we” in the
community within which one is forming a moral role or
identity. The dual-level structure of shared
endeavors/realities with individual roles/perspectives is
responsible for many aspects of the human species' most
distinctive psychology.},
Doi = {10.1111/jtsb.12223},
Key = {fds349813}
}
@book{fds359683,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Foreword},
Volume = {27},
Pages = {VII-IX},
Year = {2020},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9789027261007},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tilar.27.for},
Doi = {10.1075/tilar.27.for},
Key = {fds359683}
}
@article{fds349815,
Author = {Kanngiesser, P and Rossano, F and Frickel, R and Tomm, A and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Children, but not great apes, respect ownership.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {23},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e12842},
Year = {2020},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/desc.12842},
Abstract = {Access to and control of resources is a major source of
costly conflicts. Animals, under some conditions, respect
what others control and use (i.e. possession). Humans not
only respect possession of resources, they also respect
ownership. Ownership can be viewed as a cooperative
arrangement, where individuals inhibit their tendency to
take others' property on the condition that those others
will do the same. We investigated to what degree great apes
follow this principle, as compared to human children. We
conducted two experiments, in which dyads of individuals
could access the same food resources. The main test of
respect for ownership was whether individuals would refrain
from taking their partner's resources even when the partner
could not immediately access and control them. Captive apes
(N = 14 dyads) failed to respect their partner's claim on
food resources and frequently monopolized the resources when
given the opportunity. Human children (N = 14 dyads),
tested with a similar apparatus and procedure, respected
their partner's claim and made spontaneous verbal references
to ownership. Such respect for the property of others
highlights the uniquely cooperative nature of human
ownership arrangements.},
Doi = {10.1111/desc.12842},
Key = {fds349815}
}
@article{fds349816,
Author = {Wolf, W and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Watching a video together creates social closeness between
children and adults.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {189},
Pages = {104712},
Year = {2020},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2019.104712},
Abstract = {Human social relationships are often formed through shared
social activities in which individuals share mental states
about external stimuli. Previous work on joint attention has
shown that even minimal shared experiences such as watching
something together facilitates social closeness between
individuals. Here, we examined whether young children
already connect with others through joint attention. In the
current studies, children sat next to a novel adult who
either watched a film with them or was not able to see the
film and read a book instead. After the video, we measured
children's willingness (i.e., latency) to approach the
experimenter holding out a toy. In both studies, the
2.5-year-olds who watched the film together approached more
quickly than the other children. These results show that
both minimally interactive shared experiences and
noninteractive shared experiences lead children to feel more
comfortable with a novel adult. This suggests that joint
attention interactions, and shared experiences in general,
play an important role not only in children's cognitive
development but also in their social development and the
formation of their social relationships.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2019.104712},
Key = {fds349816}
}
@article{fds349817,
Author = {Pouscoulous, N and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Early birds: Metaphor understanding in 3-year-olds},
Journal = {Journal of Pragmatics},
Volume = {156},
Pages = {160-167},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2020},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2019.05.021},
Abstract = {To assess children's cognitive capacities to understand
(rather than explain or paraphrase) metaphors, we
investigated how 3-year-olds (n = 36; 3;0–3;3) fare with
novel metaphors corresponding to their world knowledge and
linguistic competences using a behavioural choice paradigm.
In a game, participants had to give the experimenter one of
two objects referred to by a metaphorical expression. Unlike
what previous literature suggests, our results indicate that
3-year-olds are able to understand novel metaphors that are
appropriate for their vocabulary and world knowledge, based
on action measures rather than metalinguistic responses. We
discuss how factors other than incompetence with pragmatic
inferencing can explain difficulties with metaphor
comprehension.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.pragma.2019.05.021},
Key = {fds349817}
}
@article{fds349818,
Author = {Bohn, M and Kachel, G and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children spontaneously recreate core properties of
language in a new modality.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {116},
Number = {51},
Pages = {26072-26077},
Year = {2019},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1904871116},
Abstract = {How the world's 6,000+ natural languages have arisen is
mostly unknown. Yet, new sign languages have emerged
recently among deaf people brought together in a community,
offering insights into the dynamics of language evolution.
However, documenting the emergence of these languages has
mostly consisted of studying the end product; the process by
which ad hoc signs are transformed into a structured
communication system has not been directly observed. Here we
show how young children create new communication systems
that exhibit core features of natural languages in less than
30 min. In a controlled setting, we blocked the possibility
of using spoken language. In order to communicate novel
messages, including abstract concepts, dyads of children
spontaneously created novel gestural signs. Over usage,
these signs became increasingly arbitrary and
conventionalized. When confronted with the need to
communicate more complex meanings, children began to
grammatically structure their gestures. Together with
previous work, these results suggest that children have the
basic skills necessary, not only to acquire a natural
language, but also to spontaneously create a new one. The
speed with which children create these structured systems
has profound implications for theorizing about language
evolution, a process which is generally thought to span
across many generations, if not millennia.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1904871116},
Key = {fds349818}
}
@article{fds349819,
Author = {Hepach, R and Vaish, A and Müller, K and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Toddlers' intrinsic motivation to return help to their
benefactor.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {188},
Pages = {104658},
Year = {2019},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2019.06.011},
Abstract = {A natural reaction to receiving help from someone is to help
that person in return. In two studies, we investigated the
developmental origins of children's motivation to return
help. In Study 1, 18- and 24-month-old toddlers were either
helped or not helped by an adult, and they could
subsequently provide that adult with help or else observe
another person providing help. We measured children's
internal arousal, via changes in pupil dilation, both before
and after help was provided. At both ages, children's
internal arousal was higher when they could not help the
adult who had previously helped them (and was lower when
they could). On the other hand, if the adult needing help
had not previously helped children, their internal arousal
was equally low regardless of whether they or another person
provided the help. Study 2 replicated this result and also
found that if children had previously been helped but the
person needing help was a different adult (not their
benefactor), children's internal arousal was equally low
regardless of whether they or another person provided the
help. Together, these results suggest that young children
are intrinsically motivated to return a received favor
specifically to the previous benefactor, perhaps indicating
a nascent sense of gratitude.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2019.06.011},
Key = {fds349819}
}
@article{fds349821,
Author = {Isella, M and Kanngiesser, P and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Children's Selective Trust in Promises.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {90},
Number = {6},
Pages = {e868-e887},
Year = {2019},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13105},
Abstract = {There has been extensive research into the development of
selective trust in testimony, but little is known about the
development of selective trust in promises. The present
research investigates children's (N = 264) selective trust
in others' promises to help. In Study 1, 6-year-olds
selectively trusted speakers who had previously kept a
promise. In Study 2, 5-year-olds displayed selective trust
for speakers who had previously kept a prosocial promise
(promise to help). In Study 3, 5-year-olds trusted a
speaker, who kept a prosocial promise, over a helper. These
data suggest that from the age of 5 children show selective
trust in others' promises using prosociality, promise
keeping, or both to inform their judgments.},
Doi = {10.1111/cdev.13105},
Key = {fds349821}
}
@article{fds349822,
Author = {Zhang, Z and Grocke, P and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The influence of intention and outcome on young children's
reciprocal sharing.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {187},
Pages = {104645},
Year = {2019},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2019.05.012},
Abstract = {This study investigated the influence of underlying
intentions and outcomes of a partner's sharing behavior on
young children's reciprocity. We provided 3- and 5-year-old
children with the opportunity to share with a partner
following different treatments of a partner's intention (to
share or not to share) that led to different outcomes
(children got or did not get stickers from their partner).
For the 3-year-olds, we found that the outcome of the
previous interaction influenced how much they shared,
whereas the intention of their partner affected how readily
they initiated sharing in response to social cues. For the
5-year-olds, we found that both outcome and intention
affected how much they shared as well as how readily they
initiated sharing. This suggests that already 3-year-olds
are able to take into account outcome and intention
information separately in reciprocal sharing. However, only
5-year-olds can combine both to flexibly maintain social
interactions without running the risk of being exploited by
others.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2019.05.012},
Key = {fds349822}
}
@article{fds349823,
Author = {Hardecker, S and Buryn-Weitzel, JC and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Adult instruction limits children's flexibility in moral
decision making.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {187},
Pages = {104652},
Year = {2019},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2019.06.005},
Abstract = {Children's moral behavior is guided, in part, by adults
teaching children how to treat others. However, when
circumstances change, such instructions may become either
unhelpful or limiting. In the current study, 48 dyads of
5-year-olds played a collaborative game and either (a)
received an instruction by an adult to share the spoils of
the game equally, (b) did not receive any instruction (but
still chose to share equally), or (c) agreed between
themselves on a rule to share equally. Afterward, each child
played with a new partner who was needier or worked harder
in his or her collaboration and so plausibly deserved more
than just half of the spoils. Results showed that children
who were instructed by an adult shared less with their more
deserving partner than children who did not receive any
instruction. Thus, moral instruction by adults may, in some
circumstances, make children more rigid in their moral
decisions.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2019.06.005},
Key = {fds349823}
}
@article{fds349824,
Author = {Kanngiesser, P and Rossano, F and Zeidler, H and Haun, D and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Children's respect for ownership across diverse
societies.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {55},
Number = {11},
Pages = {2286-2298},
Year = {2019},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/dev0000787},
Abstract = {Ownership is a cornerstone of many human societies and can
be understood as a cooperative arrangement, where
individuals refrain from taking each other's property.
Owners can thus trust others to respect their property even
in their absence. We investigated this principle in 5- to
7-year-olds (N = 152) from 4 diverse societies. Children
participated in a resource task with a peer-partner, where
we established ownership by assigning children to one side
or the other of an apparatus and by marking resources with
colors to help children keep track of them. When retrieving
resources in the partner's presence, the majority of
children took their own things and respected what belonged
to their partner. A proportion of children in all societies
also respected ownership in their partner's absence,
although the strength of respect varied considerably across
societies. We discuss implications for the development of
ownership concepts and possible explanations for societal
differences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all
rights reserved).},
Doi = {10.1037/dev0000787},
Key = {fds349824}
}
@article{fds349825,
Author = {Tennie, C and Völter, CJ and Vonau, V and Hanus, D and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Chimpanzees use observed temporal directionality to learn
novel causal relations.},
Journal = {Primates; journal of primatology},
Volume = {60},
Number = {6},
Pages = {517-524},
Year = {2019},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10329-019-00754-9},
Abstract = {We investigated whether chimpanzees use the temporal
sequence of external events to determine causation.
Seventeen chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) witnessed a human
experimenter press a button in two different conditions.
When she pressed the "causal button" the delivery of juice
and a sound immediately followed (cause-then-effect). In
contrast, she pressed the "non-causal button" only after the
delivery of juice and sound (effect-then-cause). When given
the opportunity to produce the desired juice delivery
themselves, the chimpanzees preferentially pressed the
causal button, i.e., the one that preceded the effect.
Importantly, they did so in their first test trial and even
though both buttons were equally associated with juice
delivery. This outcome suggests that chimpanzees, like human
children, do not rely solely on their own actions to make
use of novel causal relations, but they can learn causal
sequences based on observation alone. We discuss these
findings in relation to the literature on causal inferences
as well as associative learning.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10329-019-00754-9},
Key = {fds349825}
}
@article{fds349826,
Author = {Mammen, M and Köymen, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Children's reasoning with peers and parents about moral
dilemmas.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {55},
Number = {11},
Pages = {2324-2335},
Year = {2019},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/dev0000807},
Abstract = {Children encounter moral norms in several different social
contexts. Often it is in hierarchically structured
interactions with parents or other adults, but sometimes it
is in more symmetrically structured interactions with peers.
Our question was whether children's discussions of moral
norms differ in these two contexts. Consequently, we had 4-
and 6-year-old children (<i>N</i> = 72) reason about moral
dilemmas with their mothers or peers. Both age groups
opposed their partner's views and explicitly justified their
own views more often with peers than with mothers. Mothers
adapted their discussions to the cognitive levels of their
children (e.g., focused more on the abstract moral norms
with 6-year-old children than with 4-year-old children), but
almost always with a pedagogical intent. Our results suggest
that with mothers, moral judgments are experienced mostly as
non-negotiable dictums, but with coequal peers they are
experienced more as personal beliefs that can be actively
negotiated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all
rights reserved).},
Doi = {10.1037/dev0000807},
Key = {fds349826}
}
@article{fds349827,
Author = {Domberg, A and Köymen, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Children choose to reason with partners who submit to
reason},
Journal = {Cognitive Development},
Volume = {52},
Year = {2019},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2019.100824},
Abstract = {When reasoning with others, the reasons used in an exchange
can have varying degrees of quality, irrespective of the
facts under discussion. Partners often evaluate one
another's evaluation of reasons – one another's reasoning.
Can children evaluate their partner's judgment of the
quality of reasons independent of objective truth? 5- and
7-year-olds (N = 122) chose among two partners for
cooperation. In the experimental condition, one acceded to a
good reason, the other to a poor reason. In the control
condition, each agreed to a different good reason.
Crucially, in both conditions, both partners arrived at the
wrong conclusion. Results suggested that 7-year-olds, and
5-year-olds to a lesser degree, chose the partner who
endorsed the good reason in the experimental condition, but
showed no preference for partners in the control condition.
Thus, young children distinguish good from poor reasons,
even if neither leads to success, and choose partners who do
the same.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogdev.2019.100824},
Key = {fds349827}
}
@article{fds349828,
Author = {Engelmann, JM and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Respect Defended.},
Journal = {Trends in cognitive sciences},
Volume = {23},
Number = {9},
Pages = {716-717},
Year = {2019},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2019.06.001},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2019.06.001},
Key = {fds349828}
}
@article{fds349829,
Author = {Kachel, U and Svetlova, M and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Three- and 5-year-old children's understanding of how to
dissolve a joint commitment.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {184},
Pages = {34-47},
Year = {2019},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2019.03.008},
Abstract = {When young children form a joint commitment with a partner,
they understand that this agreement generates obligations.
In this study, we investigated whether young children
understand that joint commitments, and their associated
obligations, may likewise be dissolved by agreement. The
participants (3- and 5-year-olds; N = 144) formed a
joint commitment with a puppet to play a collaborative game.
In one condition, the puppet asked permission to break off
and the children agreed; in a second condition, the puppet
notified the children of his or her leaving; and in a third
condition, the puppet just left abruptly. Children at both
ages protested more and waited longer for the puppet's
return (and said that the puppet deserved scolding and no
prize at the end) when the puppet left abruptly than in the
other two conditions (with "asking permission" leading to
the least protest of all). Overall, 3-year-olds protested
more, and waited longer for the partner's return, than
5-year-olds. Preschool children understand that the
obligations of a joint commitment may be dissolved by
agreement or, to a lesser degree, by notification.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2019.03.008},
Key = {fds349829}
}
@article{fds332984,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Call, J},
Title = {Thirty years of great ape gestures.},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {22},
Number = {4},
Pages = {461-469},
Year = {2019},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-018-1167-1},
Abstract = {We and our colleagues have been doing studies of great ape
gestural communication for more than 30 years. Here we
attempt to spell out what we have learned. Some aspects of
the process have been reliably established by multiple
researchers, for example, its intentional structure and its
sensitivity to the attentional state of the recipient. Other
aspects are more controversial. We argue here that it is a
mistake to assimilate great ape gestures to the
species-typical displays of other mammals by claiming that
they are fixed action patterns, as there are many
differences, including the use of attention-getters. It is
also a mistake, we argue, to assimilate great ape gestures
to human gestures by claiming that they are used
referentially and declaratively in a human-like manner, as
apes' "pointing" gesture has many limitations and they do
not gesture iconically. Great ape gestures constitute a
unique form of primate communication with their own unique
qualities.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-018-1167-1},
Key = {fds332984}
}
@article{fds349830,
Author = {Wolf, W and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Visually attending to a video together facilitates great ape
social closeness.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {286},
Number = {1907},
Pages = {20190488},
Year = {2019},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0488},
Abstract = {Humans create social closeness with one another through a
variety of shared social activities in which they align
their emotions or mental states towards an external stimulus
such as dancing to music together, playing board games
together or even engaging in minimal shared experiences such
as watching a movie together. Although these specific
behaviours would seem to be uniquely human, it is unclear
whether the underlying psychology is unique to the species,
or if other species might possess some form of this
psychological mechanism as well. Here we show that great
apes who have visually attended to a video together with a
human (study 1) and a conspecific (study 2) subsequently
approach that individual faster (study 1) or spend more time
in their proximity (study 2) than when they had attended to
something different. Our results suggest that one of the
most basic mechanisms of human social bonding-feeling closer
to those with whom we act or attend together-is present in
both humans and great apes, and thus has deeper evolutionary
roots than previously suspected.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2019.0488},
Key = {fds349830}
}
@article{fds349831,
Author = {Schmidt, MFH and Rakoczy, H and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Eighteen-Month-Old Infants Correct Non-Conforming Actions by
Others.},
Journal = {Infancy : the official journal of the International Society
on Infant Studies},
Volume = {24},
Number = {4},
Pages = {613-635},
Year = {2019},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/infa.12292},
Abstract = {At around their third birthday, children begin to enforce
social norms on others impersonally, often using generic
normative language, but little is known about the
developmental building blocks of this abstract norm
understanding. Here, we investigate whether even toddlers
show signs of enforcing on others interpersonally how "we"
do things. In an initial dyad, 18-month-old infants learnt a
simple game-like action from an adult. In two experiments,
the adult either engaged infants in a normative interactive
activity (stressing that this is the way "we" do it) or, as
a non-normative control, marked the same action as
idiosyncratic, based on individual preference. In a test
dyad, infants had the opportunity to spontaneously intervene
when a puppet partner performed an alternative action.
Infants intervened, corrected, and directed the puppet more
in the normative than in the non-normative conditions. These
findings suggest that, during the second year of life,
infants develop second-personal normative expectations about
their partner's behavior ("You should do X!") in social
interactions, thus making an important step toward
understanding the normative structure of human cultural
activities. These simple normative expectations will later
be scaled up to group-minded and abstract social
norms.},
Doi = {10.1111/infa.12292},
Key = {fds349831}
}
@article{fds349832,
Author = {Engelmann, JM and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Children's Sense of Fairness as Equal Respect.},
Journal = {Trends in cognitive sciences},
Volume = {23},
Number = {6},
Pages = {454-463},
Year = {2019},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2019.03.001},
Abstract = {One influential view holds that children's sense of fairness
emerges at age 8 and is rooted in the development of an
aversion to unequal resource distributions. Here, we suggest
two amendments to this view. First, we argue and present
evidence that children's sense of fairness emerges already
at age 3 in (and only in) the context of collaborative
activities. This is because, in our theoretical view,
collaboration creates a sense of equal respect among
partners. Second, we argue and present evidence that
children's judgments about what is fair are essentially
judgments about the social meaning of the distributive act;
for example, children accept unequal distributions if the
procedure gave everyone an equal chance (so-called
distributive justice). Children thus respond to unequal (and
other) distributions not based on material concerns, but
rather based on interpersonal concerns: they want equal
respect.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2019.03.001},
Key = {fds349832}
}
@article{fds349833,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {The moral psychology of obligation.},
Journal = {The Behavioral and brain sciences},
Volume = {43},
Pages = {e56},
Year = {2019},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x19001742},
Abstract = {Although psychologists have paid scant attention to the
sense of obligation as a distinctly human motivation, moral
philosophers have identified two of its key features: First,
it has a peremptory, demanding force, with a kind of
coercive quality, and second, it is often tied to
agreement-like social interactions (e.g., promises) in which
breaches prompt normative protest, on the one side, and
apologies, excuses, justifications, and guilt on the other.
Drawing on empirical research in comparative and
developmental psychology, I provide here a psychological
foundation for these unique features by showing that the
human sense of obligation is intimately connected
developmentally with the formation of a shared agent "we,"
which not only directs collaborative efforts but also
self-regulates them. Thus, children's sense of obligation is
first evident inside, but not outside, of collaborative
activities structured by joint agency with a partner, and it
is later evident in attitudes toward in-group, but not
out-group, members connected by collective agency. When you
and I voluntarily place our fate in one another's hands in
interdependent collaboration - scaled up to our lives
together in an interdependent cultural group - this
transforms the instrumental pressure that individuals feel
when pursuing individual goals into the pressure that "we"
put on me (who needs to preserve my cooperative identity in
this "we") to live up to our shared expectations: a we > me
self-regulation. The human sense of obligation may therefore
be seen as a kind of self-conscious motivation.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0140525x19001742},
Key = {fds349833}
}
@article{fds349834,
Author = {Knofe, H and Engelmann, J and Tomasello, M and Herrmann,
E},
Title = {Chimpanzees monopolize and children take turns in a limited
resource problem.},
Journal = {Scientific reports},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {7597},
Year = {2019},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44096-4},
Abstract = {Competition over scarce resources is common across the
animal kingdom. Here we investigate the strategies of
chimpanzees and children in a limited resource problem. Both
species were presented with a tug-of-war apparatus in which
each individual in a dyad received a tool to access a
reward, but tools could not be used simultaneously. We
assessed the equality of tool use as well as the frequency
of turn taking. Both species managed to overcome this
conflict of interest but used different strategies to do so.
While there was substantial variation in chimpanzee
behaviour, monopolization was the common course of action:
tool use was asymmetric with individual chimpanzees
monopolizing the resource. In children, turn-taking emerged
as the dominant strategy: tool use was symmetric and
children alternated access to the tool at a high rate. These
results suggest that while both species possess strategies
for solving limited resource problems, humans might have
evolved species unique motivations and socio-cognitive
skills for dealing with such conflicts of
interest.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-44096-4},
Key = {fds349834}
}
@article{fds349835,
Author = {Melis, AP and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes) coordinate by communicating
in a collaborative problem-solving task.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {286},
Number = {1901},
Pages = {20190408},
Year = {2019},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0408},
Abstract = {Successful collaboration often relies on individuals'
capacity to communicate with each other. Despite extensive
research on chimpanzee communication, there is little
evidence that chimpanzees are capable, without extensive
human training, of regulating collaborative activities via
communication. This study investigated whether pairs of
chimpanzees were capable of communicating to ensure
coordination during collaborative problem-solving. The
chimpanzee pairs needed two tools to extract fruits from an
apparatus. The communicator in each pair could see the
location of the tools (hidden in one of two boxes), whereas
only the recipient could open the boxes. The subjects were
first successfully tested for their capacity to understand
the pointing gestures of a human who indicated the location
of the tools. In a subsequent conspecifics test, the
communicator increasingly communicated the tools' location,
by approaching the baited box and giving the key needed to
open it to the recipients. The recipient used these signals
and obtained the tools, transferring one of the tools to the
communicator so that the pair could collaborate in obtaining
the fruits. The study suggests that chimpanzees have the
necessary socio-cognitive skills to naturally develop a
simple communicative strategy to ensure coordination in a
collaborative task.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2019.0408},
Key = {fds349835}
}
@article{fds329385,
Author = {Hepach, R and Vaish, A and Müller, K and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {The relation between young children's physiological arousal
and their motivation to help others.},
Journal = {Neuropsychologia},
Volume = {126},
Pages = {113-119},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.10.010},
Abstract = {Children are motivated to help others from an early age.
However, little is known about the internal biological
mechanisms underlying their motivation to help. Here, we
compiled data from five separate studies in which children,
ranging in age from 18 months to 5.5 years, witnessed an
adult needing help. In all studies, we assessed both (1)
children's internal physiological arousal via changes in
their pupil dilation, and (2) the latency and likelihood of
them providing help. The results showed that the greater the
baseline-corrected change in children's internal arousal in
response to witnessing the need situation, the faster and
more likely children were to help the adult. This was not
the case for the baseline measure of children's tonic
arousal state. Together, these results suggest that
children's propensity to help is systematically related to
their physiological arousal after they witness others
needing help. This sheds new light on the biological
mechanisms underlying not only young children's social
perception but also their prosocial motivation more
generally.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.10.010},
Key = {fds329385}
}
@article{fds349836,
Author = {Bohn, M and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Natural reference: A phylo- and ontogenetic perspective on
the comprehension of iconic gestures and
vocalizations.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {22},
Number = {2},
Pages = {e12757},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/desc.12757},
Abstract = {The recognition of iconic correspondence between signal and
referent has been argued to bootstrap the acquisition and
emergence of language. Here, we study the ontogeny, and to
some extent the phylogeny, of the ability to spontaneously
relate iconic signals, gestures, and/or vocalizations, to
previous experience. Children at 18, 24, and 36 months of
age (N = 216) and great apes (N = 13) interacted with
two apparatuses, each comprising a distinct action and
sound. Subsequently, an experimenter mimicked either the
action, the sound, or both in combination to refer to one of
the apparatuses. Experiments 1 and 2 found no spontaneous
comprehension in great apes and in 18-month-old children. At
24 months of age, children were successful with a composite
vocalization-gesture signal but not with either vocalization
or gesture alone. At 36 months, children succeeded both
with a composite vocalization-gesture signal and with
gesture alone, but not with vocalization alone. In general,
gestures were understood better compared to vocalizations.
Experiment 4 showed that gestures were understood
irrespective of how children learned about the corresponding
action (through observation or self-experience). This
pattern of results demonstrates that iconic signals can be a
powerful way to establish reference in the absence of
language, but they are not trivial for children to
comprehend and not all iconic signals are created
equal.},
Doi = {10.1111/desc.12757},
Key = {fds349836}
}
@article{fds349837,
Author = {Herrmann, E and Engelmann, JM and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Children engage in competitive altruism.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {179},
Pages = {176-189},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2018.11.008},
Abstract = {Humans cultivate their reputations as good cooperators,
sometimes even competing with group mates, to appear most
cooperative to individuals during the process of selecting
partners. To investigate the ontogenetic origins of such
"competitive altruism," we presented 5- and 8-year-old
children with a dyadic sharing game in which both children
simultaneously decided how many rewards to share with each
other. The children were either observed by a third-person
peer or not. In addition, the children either knew that one
of them would be picked for a subsequent collaborative game
or had no such knowledge. We found that by 8 years of age,
children were more generous in the sharing game not only
when their behavior was observed by a third party but also
when it could affect their chances of being chosen for a
subsequent game. This is the first demonstration of
competitive altruism in young children, and as such it
underscores the important role of partner choice (and
individual awareness of the process) in encouraging human
cooperation from an early age.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2018.11.008},
Key = {fds349837}
}
@article{fds349838,
Author = {Grueneisen, S and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Children use rules to coordinate in a social
dilemma.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {179},
Pages = {362-374},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2018.11.001},
Abstract = {Humans are frequently required to coordinate their actions
in social dilemmas (e.g. when one of two drivers has to
yield for the other at an intersection). This is commonly
achieved by individuals following communally known rules
that prescribe how people should behave. From relatively
early in development, children swiftly pick up the rules of
their culture and even start creating game rules among
peers. Thus far, however, little is known about children's
abilities create rules to regulate their own interactions in
social dilemma situations in which individuals' interests
are partially in conflict. Here, we repeatedly selected
dyads of children (5- and 8-year-olds, N = 144) at
random from a group and presented them with a chicken game -
a social dilemma in which individuals have conflicting
motives but coordination is required to avoid mutual
failure. In game breaks, groups reconvened and had the
opportunity to think of additional game rules. Eight- but
not five-year-olds readily came up with and agreed upon
impartial rules to guide their subsequent game behavior (but
only after adult prompting). Moreover, when playing by the
self-made rules, children achieved higher payoffs, had fewer
conflicts, and coordinated with greater efficiency than when
playing without a rule - which mimics the functional
consequences of rules on a societal level. These findings
suggest that by at least age 8, children are capable of
using rules to independently self-regulate potential
conflicts of interest with peers.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2018.11.001},
Key = {fds349838}
}
@article{fds349839,
Author = {Rapp, DJ and Engelmann, JM and Herrmann, E and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Young children's reputational strategies in a peer group
context.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {55},
Number = {2},
Pages = {329-336},
Year = {2019},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/dev0000639},
Abstract = {Reputational concerns are known to promote cooperation.
Individuals regularly act more prosocially when their
behavior is observable by others. Here, we investigate 4-
and 5-year-old (N = 144) children's reputational strategies
in a competitive group setting. The aim of the current study
was to explore whether children's sharing behavior is
affected by the future possibility of being singled out
publicly as the most generous or, alternatively, the least
generous member of the group. Children were told that they
could share stickers with other children and that the
picture of either the (1) most generous or (2) least
generous donor would be displayed publicly. In both
conditions, children shared significantly more than in a
control condition. Moreover, 5-year-old, but not 4-year-old
children's sharing was affected more by the possibility of
being presented as the most generous than being presented as
the least generous member of the group. This study is the
first to show that children as young as 4 invest in their
future reputation and that by age 5 children flexibly apply
different reputational strategies depending on context.
(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights
reserved).},
Doi = {10.1037/dev0000639},
Key = {fds349839}
}
@article{fds349840,
Author = {Kachel, U and Tomasello, M},
Title = {3- and 5-year-old children's adherence to explicit and
implicit joint commitments.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {55},
Number = {1},
Pages = {80-88},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/dev0000632},
Abstract = {The problem with collaboration is that there are temptations
to defect. Explicit joint commitments are designed to
mitigate some of the risks, but people also feel committed
to others implicitly when they both know together that they
each hold the other's fate in their hands. In the current
study, pairs of 3-year-old and 5-year-old children (<i>N</i>
= 192) played a collaborative game. One child was offered
individual rewards (bribed) to opt out of the collaboration.
In 3 different conditions, the level of the commitment was
manipulated. Three-year-old children were more likely to
resist the bribes when there was an explicit joint
commitment to the partner than when they were only playing
in parallel, with their reactions to an implicit commitment
falling in between. Five-year-olds were more likely to
resist bribes in both the implicit and explicit commitment
conditions than in the no-commitment condition. Thus,
children at both ages showed some level of commitment to a
collaborative partner in the face of bribes to defect, but
only 5-year-olds clearly appreciated that a common-ground
understanding of interdependence between partners generates
an implicit commitment or obligation. (PsycINFO Database
Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).},
Doi = {10.1037/dev0000632},
Key = {fds349840}
}
@article{fds349841,
Author = {Grocke, P and Rossano, F and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Preschoolers consider (absent) others when choosing a
distribution procedure.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {14},
Number = {8},
Pages = {e0221186},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221186},
Abstract = {This study investigated how the presence of others and
anticipated distributions for self influence children's
fairness-related decisions in two different socio-moral
contexts. In the first part, three- and five-year-old
children (N = 120) decided between a fair and an unfair
wheel of fortune to allocate resources (procedural justice).
In the second part, they directly chose between two
distributions of resources (distributive justice). While
making a decision, each child was either observed by the
affected group members (public), alone (private), or no
others were introduced (non-social control). Children choose
the fair option more often when others were affected
(independently of their presence) only in the procedural
justice task. These results suggest that using a fair
procedure to distribute resources allows young preschoolers
to overcome selfish tendencies.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0221186},
Key = {fds349841}
}
@article{fds349842,
Author = {John, M and Duguid, S and Tomasello, M and Melis,
AP},
Title = {How chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) share the spoils with
collaborators and bystanders.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {14},
Number = {9},
Pages = {e0222795},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222795},
Abstract = {Chimpanzees hunt cooperatively in the wild, but the factors
influencing food sharing after the hunt are not well
understood. In an experimental study, groups of three
captive chimpanzees obtained a monopolizable food resource,
either via two individuals cooperating (with the third as
bystander) or via one individual acting alone alongside two
bystanders. The individual that obtained the resource first
retained most of the food but the other two individuals
attempted to obtain food from the "captor" by begging. We
found the main predictor of the overall amount of food
obtained by bystanders was proximity to the food at the
moment it was obtained by the captor. Whether or not an
individual had cooperated to obtain the food had no effect.
Interestingly, however, cooperators begged more from captors
than did bystanders, suggesting that they were more
motivated or had a greater expectation to obtain food. These
results suggest that while chimpanzee captors in cooperative
hunting may not reward cooperative participation directly,
cooperators may influence sharing behavior through increased
begging.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0222795},
Key = {fds349842}
}
@article{fds366586,
Author = {Sánchez-Amaro, A and Duguid, S and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Chimpanzees and children avoid mutual defection in a social
dilemma},
Journal = {Evolution and Human Behavior},
Volume = {40},
Number = {1},
Pages = {46-54},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2018.07.004},
Abstract = {Cooperation often comes with the temptation to defect and
benefit at the cost of others. This tension between
cooperation and defection is best captured in social
dilemmas like the Prisoner's Dilemma. Adult humans have
specific strategies to maintain cooperation during
Prisoner's Dilemma interactions. Yet, little is known about
the ontogenetic and phylogenetic origins of human
decision-making strategies in conflict scenarios. To shed
light on this question, we compared the strategies used by
chimpanzees and 5-year old children to overcome a social
dilemma. In our task, waiting for the partner to act first
produced the best results for the subject. Alternatively,
they could mutually cooperate and divide the rewards. Our
findings indicate that the two species differed
substantially in their strategies to solve the task.
Chimpanzees became more strategic across the study period by
waiting longer to act in the social dilemma. Children
developed a more efficient strategy of taking turns to
reciprocate their rewards. Moreover, children used specific
types of communication to coordinate with their partners.
These results suggest that while both species behaved
strategically to overcome a conflict situation, only
children engaged in active cooperation to solve a social
dilemma.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2018.07.004},
Key = {fds366586}
}
@misc{fds351572,
Author = {Jensen, K and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Punishment},
Pages = {214-221},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780128132517},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.01093-1},
Abstract = {Animals can use punishment as a means to change the behavior
of others. Punishment can be done for selfish ends with no
regard for how the target of the act is affected. On the
other extreme, it can benefit others in a society and be
motivated by its effects on others. Altruistic punishment,
third-party punishment, and norm enforcement are special
cases of punishment that can maintain cooperation, and these
may not have analogs in animals other than humans. More
socially sophisticated forms of punishment will require more
flexible and complex cognitive processes. Of particular
interest are social (other-regarding) preferences, since
these may have allowed the evolution of the large-scale
non-kin cooperation seen only in humans. However, little is
known about the cognitive mechanisms underlying punishment
in other animals.},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.01093-1},
Key = {fds351572}
}
@misc{fds372674,
Author = {Jensen, K and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Punishment},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {V1-214-V1-219},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior, Second Edition: Volume
1-5},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780128132517},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.01093-1},
Abstract = {Animals can use punishment as a means to change the behavior
of others. Punishment can be done for selfish ends with no
regard for how the target of the act is affected. On the
other extreme, it can benefit others in a society and be
motivated by its effects on others. Altruistic punishment,
third-party punishment, and norm enforcement are special
cases of punishment that can maintain cooperation, and these
may not have analogs in animals other than humans. More
socially sophisticated forms of punishment will require more
flexible and complex cognitive processes. Of particular
interest are social (other-regarding) preferences, since
these may have allowed the evolution of the large-scale
non-kin cooperation seen only in humans. However, little is
known about the cognitive mechanisms underlying punishment
in other animals.},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.01093-1},
Key = {fds372674}
}
@article{fds349843,
Author = {Stengelin, R and Grueneisen, S and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Why should I trust you? Investigating young children's
spontaneous mistrust in potential deceivers},
Journal = {Cognitive Development},
Volume = {48},
Pages = {146-154},
Year = {2018},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2018.08.006},
Abstract = {Children must learn not to trust everyone to avoid being
taken advantage of. In the current study, 5- and 7-year-old
children were paired with a partner whose incentives were
either congruent (cooperative condition) or conflicting
(competitive condition) with theirs. Children of both ages
were more likely to mistrust information spontaneously
provided by the competitive than the cooperative partner,
showing a capacity for detecting contextual effects on
incentives. However, a high proportion of children, even at
age 7, initially trusted the competitive partner. After
being misled once, almost all children mistrusted the
partner on a second trial irrespective of the partner's
incentives. These results demonstrate that while even school
age children are mostly trusting, they are only beginning to
spontaneously consider other's incentives when interpreting
the truthfulness of their utterances. However, after
receiving false information only once they immediately
switch to an untrusting attitude.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogdev.2018.08.006},
Key = {fds349843}
}
@article{fds349844,
Author = {Siposova, B and Tomasello, M and Carpenter, M},
Title = {Communicative eye contact signals a commitment to cooperate
for young children.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {179},
Pages = {192-201},
Year = {2018},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2018.06.010},
Abstract = {Making commitments to cooperate facilitates cooperation.
There is a long-standing theoretical debate about how
promissory obligations come into existence, and whether
linguistic acts (such as saying "I promise") are a necessary
part of the process. To inform this debate we experimentally
investigated whether even minimal, nonverbal behavior can be
taken as a commitment to cooperate, as long as it is
communicative. Five- to 7-year-old children played a Stag
Hunt coordination game in which they needed to decide
whether to cooperate or play individually. During the
decision-making phase, children's partner made either
ostensive, communicative eye contact or looked
non-communicatively at them. In Study 1 we found that
communicative looks produced an expectation of collaboration
in children. In Study 2 we found that children in the
communicative look condition normatively protested when
their partner did not cooperate, thus showing an
understanding of the communicative looks as a commitment to
cooperate. This is the first experimental evidence, in
adults or children, that in the right context,
communicative, but not non-communicative, looks can signal a
commitment.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2018.06.010},
Key = {fds349844}
}
@article{fds366587,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {The normative turn in early moral development},
Journal = {Human Development},
Volume = {61},
Number = {4-5},
Pages = {248-263},
Year = {2018},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000492802},
Abstract = {The Cooperation Theory of moral development starts from the
premise that morality is a special form of cooperation.
Before 3 years of age, children help and share with others
prosocially, and they collaborate with others in ways that
foster a sense of equally deserving partners. But then, at
around the age of 3, their social interactions are
transformed by an emerging understanding of, and respect
for, normative standards. Three-year-olds become capable of
making and respecting joint commitments, treating
collaborative partners fairly, enforcing social norms, and
feeling guilty when they violate any of these. The almost
simultaneous emergence of a normative attitude in all of
these interactional contexts demands explanation. We suggest
a transactional causal model: the maturation of capacities
for shared intentionality (adaptations for cultural life)
makes possible new forms of cooperative social interaction,
and these new forms of cooperative social interaction foster
and guide moral development.},
Doi = {10.1159/000492802},
Key = {fds366587}
}
@article{fds326700,
Author = {Kachel, U and Svetlova, M and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Three-Year-Olds' Reactions to a Partner's Failure to Perform
Her Role in a Joint Commitment.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {89},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1691-1703},
Year = {2018},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12816},
Abstract = {When children make a joint commitment to collaborate,
obligations are created. Pairs of 3-year-old children
(N = 144) made a joint commitment to play a game. In three
different conditions the game was interrupted in the middle
either because: (a) the partner child intentionally
defected, (b) the partner child was ignorant about how to
play, or (c) the apparatus broke. The subject child reacted
differently in the three cases, protesting normatively
against defection (with emotional arousal and later
tattling), teaching when the partner seemed to be ignorant,
or simply blaming the apparatus when it broke. These results
suggest that 3-year-old children are competent in making
appropriate normative evaluations of intentions and
obligations of collaborative partners.},
Doi = {10.1111/cdev.12816},
Key = {fds326700}
}
@article{fds333648,
Author = {Kachel, G and Moore, R and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Two-year-olds use adults' but not peers'
points.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {21},
Number = {5},
Pages = {e12660},
Year = {2018},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/desc.12660},
Abstract = {In the current study, 24- to 27-month-old children (N = 37)
used pointing gestures in a cooperative object choice task
with either peer or adult partners. When indicating the
location of a hidden toy, children pointed equally
accurately for adult and peer partners but more often for
adult partners. When choosing from one of three hiding
places, children used adults' pointing to find a hidden toy
significantly more often than they used peers'. In
interaction with peers, children's choice behavior was at
chance level. These results suggest that toddlers ascribe
informative value to adults' but not peers' pointing
gestures, and highlight the role of children's social
expectations in their communicative development.},
Doi = {10.1111/desc.12660},
Key = {fds333648}
}
@article{fds332985,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Great Apes and Human Development: A Personal
History},
Journal = {Child Development Perspectives},
Volume = {12},
Number = {3},
Pages = {189-193},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12281},
Abstract = {In this article, I recount my history of research with great
apes. From the beginning, the idea was to compare apes to
human children, with an eye to discovering facts relevant to
describing and explaining processes of human development.
The research went through three more or less distinct
stages, focusing on communication and social learning,
social cognition and theory of mind, and cooperation and
shared intentionality. I conclude by identifying problems
and prospects for comparative research in developmental
psychology.},
Doi = {10.1111/cdep.12281},
Key = {fds332985}
}
@article{fds349845,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {HOW WE LEARNED TO PUT OUR FATE IN ONE ANOTHER'S HANDS THE
ORIGINS OF MORALITY},
Journal = {SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN},
Volume = {319},
Number = {3},
Pages = {70-75},
Publisher = {SPRINGER},
Year = {2018},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0918-70},
Doi = {10.1038/scientificamerican0918-70},
Key = {fds349845}
}
@article{fds337395,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {How children come to understand false beliefs: A shared
intentionality account.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {115},
Number = {34},
Pages = {8491-8498},
Year = {2018},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1804761115},
Abstract = {To predict and explain the behavior of others, one must
understand that their actions are determined not by reality
but by their beliefs about reality. Classically, children
come to understand beliefs, including false beliefs, at
about 4-5 y of age, but recent studies using different
response measures suggest that even infants (and apes!) have
some skills as well. Resolving this discrepancy is not
possible with current theories based on individual
cognition. Instead, what is needed is an account recognizing
that the key processes in constructing an understanding of
belief are social and mental coordination with other persons
and their (sometimes conflicting) perspectives. Engaging in
such social and mental coordination involves species-unique
skills and motivations of shared intentionality, especially
as they are manifest in joint attention and linguistic
communication, as well as sophisticated skills of executive
function to coordinate the different perspectives involved.
This shared intentionality account accords well with
documented differences in the cognitive capacities of great
apes and human children, and it explains why infants and
apes pass some versions of false-belief tasks whereas only
older children pass others.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1804761115},
Key = {fds337395}
}
@article{fds335757,
Author = {Bohn, M and Zimmermann, L and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {The social-cognitive basis of infants' reference to absent
entities.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {177},
Pages = {41-48},
Year = {2018},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2018.03.024},
Abstract = {Recent evidence suggests that infants as young as 12 month
of age use pointing to communicate about absent entities.
The tacit assumption underlying these studies is that
infants do so based on tracking what their interlocutor
experienced in a previous shared interaction. The present
study addresses this assumption empirically. In three
experiments, 12-month-old infants could request additional
desired objects by pointing to the location in which these
objects were previously located. We systematically varied
whether the adult from whom infants were requesting had
previously experienced the former content of the location
with the infant. Infants systematically adjusted their
pointing to the now empty location to what they experienced
with the adult previously. These results suggest that
infants' ability to communicate about absent referents is
based on an incipient form of common ground.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2018.03.024},
Key = {fds335757}
}
@article{fds366588,
Author = {John, M and Melis, AP and Read, D and Rossano, F and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {The preference for scarcity: A developmental and comparative
perspective},
Journal = {Psychology and Marketing},
Volume = {35},
Number = {8},
Pages = {603-615},
Year = {2018},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mar.21109},
Abstract = {Human adults often show a preference for scarce over
abundant goods. In this paper, we investigate whether this
preference was shared by 4- and 6-year-old children as well
as chimpanzees, humans’ nearest primate relative. Neither
chimpanzees nor 4-year-olds displayed a scarcity preference,
but 6-year-olds did, especially in the presence of
competitors. We conclude that scarcity preference is a
human-unique preference that develops as humans increase
their cognitive skills and social experiences with peers and
competitors. We explore different potential psychological
explanations for scarcity preference and conclude scarcity
preference is based on children's fear of missing out an
opportunity, especially when dealing with uncertainty or
goods of unknown value in the presence of competitors.
Furthermore, the results are in line with studies showing
that supply-based scarcity increases the desirability of
hedonic goods, suggesting that even as early as 6 years of
age humans may use scarce goods to feel unique or
special.},
Doi = {10.1002/mar.21109},
Key = {fds366588}
}
@article{fds366589,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Precís of a natural history of human morality},
Journal = {Philosophical Psychology},
Volume = {31},
Number = {5},
Pages = {661-668},
Year = {2018},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2018.1486605},
Abstract = {Here I summarize the main points in my 2016 book, A Natural
History of Human Morality. Taking an evolutionary point of
view, I characterize human morality as a special form of
cooperation. In particular, human morality represents a kind
of we > me orientation and valuation that emanates from the
logic of social interdependence, both at the level of
individual collaboration and at the level of the cultural
group. Human morality emanates from psychological processes
of shared intentionality evolved to enable individuals to
function effectively in ever more cooperative
lifeways.},
Doi = {10.1080/09515089.2018.1486605},
Key = {fds366589}
}
@article{fds366590,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Response to commentators},
Journal = {Philosophical Psychology},
Volume = {31},
Number = {5},
Pages = {817-829},
Year = {2018},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2018.1486604},
Doi = {10.1080/09515089.2018.1486604},
Key = {fds366590}
}
@article{fds333647,
Author = {House, BR and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Modeling social norms increasingly influences costly sharing
in middle childhood.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {171},
Pages = {84-98},
Year = {2018},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2017.12.014},
Abstract = {Prosocial and normative behavior emerges in early childhood,
but substantial changes in prosocial behavior in middle
childhood may be due to it becoming integrated with
children's understanding of what is normative. Here we show
that information about what is normative begins influencing
children's costly sharing in middle childhood in a sample of
6- to 11-year-old German children. Information about what is
normative was most influential when indicating what was
"right" (i.e., "The right thing is to choose this"). It was
less influential when indicating what was prescribed by a
rule (i.e., "There is a rule that says to choose this") or
when it indicated what the majority of people do (i.e.,
"Most people choose this"). These findings support the idea
that middle childhood is when social norms begin to shape
children's costly sharing and provide insight into the
psychological foundations of the relationship between norms
and prosocial behavior.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2017.12.014},
Key = {fds333647}
}
@article{fds329386,
Author = {Domberg, A and Köymen, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Children's reasoning with peers in cooperative and
competitive contexts.},
Journal = {The British journal of developmental psychology},
Volume = {36},
Number = {1},
Pages = {64-77},
Year = {2018},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12213},
Abstract = {We report two studies that demonstrate how five- and
seven-year-olds adapt their production of arguments to
either a cooperative or a competitive context. Two games
elicited agreements from peer dyads about placing animals on
either of two halves of a playing field owned by either
child. Children had to produce arguments to justify these
decisions. Played in a competitive context that encouraged
placing animals on one's own half, children's arguments
showed a bias that was the result of withholding known
arguments. In a cooperative context, children produced not
only more arguments, but also more 'two-sided' arguments.
Also, seven-year-olds demonstrated a more frequent and
strategic use of arguments that specifically refuted
decisions that would favour their peers. The results suggest
that cooperative contexts provide a more motivating context
for children to produce arguments. Statement of contribution
What is already known on this subject? Reasoning is a social
skill that allows people to reach joint decisions.
Preschoolers give reasons for their proposals in their peer
conversations. By adolescence, children use sophisticated
arguments (e.g., refutations and rebuttals). What the
present study adds? Cooperation offers a more motivating
context for children's argument production. Seven-year-olds
are more strategic than five-year-olds in their reasoning
with peers. Children's reasoning with others becomes more
sophisticated after preschool years.},
Doi = {10.1111/bjdp.12213},
Key = {fds329386}
}
@article{fds331567,
Author = {Vaish, A and Hepach, R and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The specificity of reciprocity: Young children reciprocate
more generously to those who intentionally benefit
them.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {167},
Pages = {336-353},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2018},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2017.11.005},
Abstract = {Young children engage in direct reciprocity, but the
mechanisms underlying such reciprocity remain unclear. In
particular, prior work leaves unclear whether children's
reciprocity is simply a response to receiving benefits
(regardless of whether the benefits were intended) or driven
by a mechanism of rewarding or preferring all benefactors
(regardless of whom they benefited). Alternatively, perhaps
children engage in genuine reciprocity such that they are
particularly prosocial toward benefactors who intentionally
provided them with benefits. Our findings support this
third, richer possibility; the 3-year-olds who received
benefits through the good intentions of a benefactor were
subsequently more generous toward the benefactor than
children who either (a) received the same benefits from the
benefactor unintentionally or (b) observed the benefactor
bestow the same benefits on another individual. Thus, young
children are especially motivated to benefit those who have
demonstrated goodwill toward them, suggesting, as one
possible mechanism, an early sense of gratitude.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2017.11.005},
Key = {fds331567}
}
@article{fds351573,
Author = {Li, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The development of intention-based sociomoral judgment and
distribution behavior from a third-party
stance.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {167},
Pages = {78-92},
Year = {2018},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2017.09.021},
Abstract = {The current study investigated children's intention-based
sociomoral judgments and distribution behavior from a
third-party stance. An actor puppet showed either positive
or negative intention toward a target puppet, which had
previously performed a prosocial or antisocial action toward
others (i.e., children witnessed various types of indirect
reciprocity). Children (3- and 5-year-olds) were asked to
make sociomoral judgments and to distribute resources to the
actor puppet. Results showed that 5-year-olds were more
likely than 3-year-olds to be influenced by intention when
they made their judgment and distributed resources. The
target's previous actions affected only 5-year-olds'
intent-based social preference. These results suggest that
children's judgments about intent-based indirect reciprocity
develop from ages 3 to 5 years.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2017.09.021},
Key = {fds351573}
}
@article{fds330413,
Author = {Köymen, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Children's meta-talk in their collaborative decision making
with peers.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {166},
Pages = {549-566},
Year = {2018},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2017.09.018},
Abstract = {In collaborative decision making, children must evaluate the
evidence behind their respective claims and the rationality
of their respective proposals with their partners. In the
main study, 5- and 7-year-old peer dyads (N = 196) were
presented with a novel animal. In the key condition,
children in a dyad individually received conflicting
information about what the animal needs (e.g., rocks vs.
sand for food) from sources that differ in reliability (with
first-hand vs. indirect evidence). Dyads in both age groups
were able to reliably settle on the option with the best
supporting evidence. Moreover, in making their decision,
children, especially 7-year-olds, engaged in various kinds
of meta-talk about the evidence and its validity. In a
modified version of the key condition in Study 2, 3- and
5-year-olds (N = 120) interacted with a puppet who tried
to convince children to change their minds by producing
meta-talk. When the puppet insisted and produced meta-talk,
5-year-olds, but not 3-year-olds, were more likely to change
their minds if their information was unreliable. These
results suggest that even preschoolers can engage in
collaborative reasoning successfully, but the ability to
reflect on the process by stepping back to jointly examine
the evidence emerges only during the early school
years.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2017.09.018},
Key = {fds330413}
}
@article{fds330414,
Author = {Engelmann, JM and Herrmann, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Concern for Group Reputation Increases Prosociality in Young
Children.},
Journal = {Psychological science},
Volume = {29},
Number = {2},
Pages = {181-190},
Year = {2018},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797617733830},
Abstract = {The motivation to build and maintain a positive personal
reputation promotes prosocial behavior. But individuals also
identify with their groups, and so it is possible that the
desire to maintain or enhance group reputation may have
similar effects. Here, we show that 5-year-old children
actively invest in the reputation of their group by acting
more generously when their group's reputation is at stake.
Children shared significantly more resources with fictitious
other children not only when their individual donations were
public rather than private but also when their group's
donations (effacing individual donations) were public rather
than private. These results provide the first experimental
evidence that concern for group reputation can lead to
higher levels of prosociality.},
Doi = {10.1177/0956797617733830},
Key = {fds330414}
}
@article{fds332050,
Author = {Mammen, M and Köymen, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The reasons young children give to peers when explaining
their judgments of moral and conventional
rules.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {54},
Number = {2},
Pages = {254-262},
Year = {2018},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/dev0000424},
Abstract = {Moral justifications work, when they do, by invoking values
that are shared in the common ground of the interlocutors.
We asked 3- and 5-year-old peer dyads (N = 144) to identify
and punish norm transgressors. In the moral condition, the
transgressor violated a moral norm (e.g., by stealing); in
the social rules condition, she/he violated a
context-specific rule (e.g., by placing a yellow toy in a
green box, instead of a yellow box). Children in both age
groups justified their punishment in the social rules
condition mostly by referring to the rule (e.g., "He must
put yellow toys in the yellow box"). In contrast, in the
moral condition they mostly justified their punishment by
simply referring to the observed fact (e.g., "He stole"),
seeing no need to state the norm involved (e.g., "He must
not steal"), presumably because they assumed this as part of
their moral common ground with their partner. These results
suggest that preschoolers assume certain common ground moral
values with their peers and use these in formulating
explicit moral judgments and justifications. (PsycINFO
Database Record},
Doi = {10.1037/dev0000424},
Key = {fds332050}
}
@article{fds329017,
Author = {Grocke, P and Rossano, F and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children are more willing to accept group decisions in
which they have had a voice.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {166},
Pages = {67-78},
Year = {2018},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2017.08.003},
Abstract = {People accept an unequal distribution of resources if they
judge that the decision-making process was fair. In this
study, 3- and 5-year-old children played an allocation game
with two puppets. The puppets decided against a fair
distribution in all conditions, but they allowed children to
have various degrees of participation in the decision-making
process. Children of both ages protested less when they were
first asked to agree with the puppets' decision compared
with when there was no agreement. When ignored, the younger
children protested less than the older children-perhaps
because they did not expect to have a say in the
process-whereas they protested more when they were given an
opportunity to voice their opinion-perhaps because their
stated opinion was ignored. These results suggest that
during the preschool years, children begin to expect to be
asked for their opinion in a decision, and they accept
disadvantageous decisions if they feel that they have had a
voice in the decision-making process.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2017.08.003},
Key = {fds329017}
}
@article{fds335758,
Author = {Halina, M and Liebal, K and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The goal of ape pointing.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {13},
Number = {4},
Pages = {e0195182},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195182},
Abstract = {Captive great apes regularly use pointing gestures in their
interactions with humans. However, the precise function of
this gesture is unknown. One possibility is that apes use
pointing primarily to direct attention (as in "please look
at that"); another is that they point mainly as an action
request (such as "can you give that to me?"). We
investigated these two possibilities here by examining how
the looking behavior of recipients affects pointing in
chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus).
Upon pointing to food, subjects were faced with a recipient
who either looked at the indicated object (successful-look)
or failed to look at the indicated object (failed-look). We
predicted that, if apes point primarily to direct attention,
subjects would spend more time pointing in the failed-look
condition because the goal of their gesture had not been
met. Alternatively, we expected that, if apes point
primarily to request an object, subjects would not differ in
their pointing behavior between the successful-look and
failed-look conditions because these conditions differed
only in the looking behavior of the recipient. We found that
subjects did differ in their pointing behavior across the
successful-look and failed-look conditions, but contrary to
our prediction subjects spent more time pointing in the
successful-look condition. These results suggest that apes
are sensitive to the attentional states of gestural
recipients, but their adjustments are aimed at multiple
goals. We also found a greater number of individuals with a
strong right-hand than left-hand preference for
pointing.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0195182},
Key = {fds335758}
}
@article{fds366591,
Author = {Quick, AE and Lieven, E and Backus, A and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Constructively combining languages},
Journal = {Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism},
Volume = {8},
Number = {3},
Pages = {393-409},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.17008.qui},
Abstract = {Language development in bilingual children is often related
to differing levels of proficiency. Objective measurements
of bilingual development include for example mean length of
utterance (MLU). MLU is almost always calculated for each
language context (including both monolingual and code-mixed
utterances). In the current study, we analyzed the MLUs of
three German-English bilingual children, aged 2;3-3;11
separately for the monolingual and code-mixed utterances.
Our results showed that language preference was reflected in
MLU values: the more children spoke in one language the
higher the MLU was in that language. However, it was the
mixed utterances that had the highest MLU for all three
children. We support the results with a construction type
analysis and suggest a potential usage-based explanation for
these results based on individual differences in each
child's developmental inventory of words and
constructions.},
Doi = {10.1075/lab.17008.qui},
Key = {fds366591}
}
@article{fds366593,
Author = {Quick, AE and Lieven, E and Carpenter, M and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Identifying partially schematic units in the code-mixing of
an English and German speaking child},
Journal = {Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism},
Volume = {8},
Number = {4},
Pages = {477-501},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.15049.qui},
Abstract = {Intra-sentential code-mixing presents a number of puzzles
for theories of bilingualism. In this paper, we examine the
code-mixed English-German utterances of a young
English-German-Spanish trilingual child between 1;10 –
3;1, using both an extensive diary kept by the mother and
audio recordings. We address the interplay between lexical
and syntactic aspects of language use outlined in the
usage-based approach (e.g. Tomasello, 2003). The data
suggest that partially schematic constructions play an
important role in the code-mixing of this child. In
addition, we find, first, that the code-mixing was not
mainly the result of lexical gaps. Second, there was more
mixing of German function words than content words. Third,
code-mixed utterances often consisted of the use of a
partially schematic construction with the open slot filled
by material from the other language. These results raise a
number of important issues for all theoretical approaches to
code mixing, which we discuss.},
Doi = {10.1075/lab.15049.qui},
Key = {fds366593}
}
@article{fds366594,
Author = {Sánchez-Amaro, A and Duguid, S and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Chimpanzees' understanding of social leverage.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {13},
Number = {12},
Pages = {e0207868},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207868},
Abstract = {Social primates can influence others through the control of
resources. For instance, dominant male chimpanzees might
allow subordinates access to mate with females in exchange
for social support. However, little is known about how
chimpanzees strategically use a position of leverage to
maximize their own benefits. We address this question by
presenting dyads of captive chimpanzee (N = 6) with a task
resulting in an unequal reward distribution. To gain the
higher reward each individual should wait for their partner
to act. In addition, one participant had leverage: access to
an alternative secure reward. By varying the presence and
value of the leverage we tested whether individuals used it
strategically (e.g. by waiting longer for partners to act
when they had leverage in the form of alternatives).
Additionally, non-social controls served to show if
chimpanzees understood the social dilemma. We measured the
likelihood to choose the leverage and their latencies to
act. The final decision made by the chimpanzees did not
differ as a function of condition (test versus non-social
control) or the value of the leverage, but they did wait
longer to act when the leverage was smaller-particularly in
test (versus non-social control) trials suggesting that they
understood the conflict of interest involved. The
chimpanzees thus recognized the existence of social
leverage, but did not use it strategically to maximize their
rewards.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0207868},
Key = {fds366594}
}
@misc{fds366592,
Author = {Sanchez-Amaro, A and Duguid, S and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Coordination Strategies of Chimpanzees and Children in a
Prisoner's Dilemma},
Journal = {FOLIA PRIMATOLOGICA},
Volume = {89},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {186-186},
Publisher = {KARGER},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds366592}
}
@misc{fds349846,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {What did we learn from theape language studies?},
Pages = {95-104},
Booktitle = {Bonobos: Unique in Mind, Brain, and Behavior},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780198728511},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198728511.003.0007},
Abstract = {The ‘ape language’ studies have come and gone, with
wildly divergent claims about what they have shown. Without
question, the most sophisticated skills have been displayed
by Kanzi, a male bonobo exposed from youth to a human-like
communicative system. This chapter attempts to assess, in an
objective a manner as possible, the nature of the
communicative skills that Kanzi and other great apes
acquired during the various ape language projects. The
overall conclusion is that bonobos and other apes possess
most of the requisite cognitive skills for something like a
human language, including such things as basic symbol
learning, categorization, sequential (statistical) learning,
etc. What they lack are the skills and motivations of shared
intentionality-such things as joint attention,
perspective-taking and cooperative motives- for adjusting
their communicative acts for others pragmatically, or for
learning symbols whose main function is pragmatic.},
Doi = {10.1093/oso/9780198728511.003.0007},
Key = {fds349846}
}
@article{fds328848,
Author = {Schmidt, MFH and Gonzalez-Cabrera, I and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Children's developing metaethical judgments.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {164},
Pages = {163-177},
Year = {2017},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2017.07.008},
Abstract = {Human adults incline toward moral objectivism but may
approach things more relativistically if different cultures
are involved. In this study, 4-, 6-, and 9-year-old children
(N=136) witnessed two parties who disagreed about moral
matters: a normative judge (e.g., judging that it is wrong
to do X) and an antinormative judge (e.g., judging that it
is okay to do X). We assessed children's metaethical
judgment, that is, whether they judged that only one party
(objectivism) or both parties (relativism) could be right.
We found that 9-year-olds, but not younger children, were
more likely to judge that both parties could be right when a
normative ingroup judge disagreed with an antinormative
extraterrestrial judge (with different preferences and
background) than when the antinormative judge was another
ingroup individual. This effect was not found in a
comparison case where parties disagreed about the
possibility of different physical laws. These findings
suggest that although young children often exhibit moral
objectivism, by early school age they begin to temper their
objectivism with culturally relative metaethical
judgments.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2017.07.008},
Key = {fds328848}
}
@misc{fds361197,
Author = {Rakoczy, H and Tomasello, M and Striano, T},
Title = {How children turn objects into symbols: A cultural learning
account},
Pages = {69-97},
Booktitle = {Symbol Use and Symbolic Representation: Developmental and
Comparative Perspectives},
Year = {2017},
Month = {September},
ISBN = {9780805845976},
Key = {fds361197}
}
@article{fds326493,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Gonzalez-Cabrera, I},
Title = {The Role of Ontogeny in the Evolution of Human
Cooperation.},
Journal = {Human nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.)},
Volume = {28},
Number = {3},
Pages = {274-288},
Year = {2017},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12110-017-9291-1},
Abstract = {To explain the evolutionary emergence of uniquely human
skills and motivations for cooperation, Tomasello et al.
(2012, in Current Anthropology 53(6):673-92) proposed the
interdependence hypothesis. The key adaptive context in this
account was the obligate collaborative foraging of early
human adults. Hawkes (2014, in Human Nature 25(1):28-48),
following Hrdy (Mothers and Others, Harvard University
Press, 2009), provided an alternative account for the
emergence of uniquely human cooperative skills in which the
key was early human infants' attempts to solicit care and
attention from adults in a cooperative breeding context.
Here we attempt to reconcile these two accounts. Our
composite account accepts Hrdy's and Hawkes's contention
that the extremely early emergence of human infants'
cooperative skills suggests an important role for
cooperative breeding as adaptive context, perhaps in early
Homo. But our account also insists that human cooperation
goes well beyond these nascent skills to include such things
as the communicative and cultural conventions, norms, and
institutions created by later Homo and early modern humans
to deal with adult problems of social coordination. As part
of this account we hypothesize how each of the main stages
of human ontogeny (infancy, childhood, adolescence) was
transformed during evolution both by infants' cooperative
skills "migrating up" in age and by adults' cooperative
skills "migrating down" in age.},
Doi = {10.1007/s12110-017-9291-1},
Key = {fds326493}
}
@article{fds320781,
Author = {Hepach, R and Kante, N and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Toddlers Help a Peer.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {88},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1642-1652},
Year = {2017},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12686},
Abstract = {Toddlers are remarkably prosocial toward adults, yet little
is known about their helping behavior toward peers. In the
present study with 18- and 30-month-old toddlers (n = 192,
48 dyads per age group), one child needed help reaching an
object to continue a task that was engaging for both
children. The object was within reach of the second child
who helped significantly more often compared to a no-need
control condition. The helper also fulfilled the peer's need
when the task was engaging only for the child needing help.
These findings suggest that toddlers' skills and motivations
of helping do not depend on having a competent and helpful
recipient, such as an adult, but rather they are much more
flexible and general.},
Doi = {10.1111/cdev.12686},
Key = {fds320781}
}
@article{fds327646,
Author = {Kano, F and Krupenye, C and Hirata, S and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Submentalizing Cannot Explain Belief-Based Action
Anticipation in Apes.},
Journal = {Trends in cognitive sciences},
Volume = {21},
Number = {9},
Pages = {633-634},
Year = {2017},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2017.06.011},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2017.06.011},
Key = {fds327646}
}
@article{fds326494,
Author = {Haux, L and Engelmann, JM and Herrmann, E and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Do young children preferentially trust gossip or firsthand
observation in choosing a collaborative partner?},
Journal = {Social Development},
Volume = {26},
Number = {3},
Pages = {466-474},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sode.12225},
Abstract = {From early on in ontogeny, young children hear things being
said about particular individuals. Here we investigate the
ways in which testimony with social content, that is,
gossip, influences children's decision-making. We explored
whether five-year-old (N = 72) and seven-year-old (N = 72)
children trust gossip or firsthand observation in a partner
choice setting. Seven-year-old children preferentially
trusted what they had seen firsthand over gossip;
five-year-old children, in contrast, did not differentiate
between these two sources of information. However,
five-year-old children (but not seven-year-olds) generally
gave negative information more weight, that is, they showed
a “negativity bias.” These results suggest that at
around school age, young children become more
“epistemically vigilant” about gossip.},
Doi = {10.1111/sode.12225},
Key = {fds326494}
}
@article{fds328849,
Author = {Grueneisen, S and Duguid, S and Saur, H and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Children, chimpanzees, and bonobos adjust the visibility of
their actions for cooperators and competitors.},
Journal = {Scientific reports},
Volume = {7},
Number = {1},
Pages = {8504},
Year = {2017},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08435-7},
Abstract = {Chimpanzees and bonobos are highly capable of tracking
other's mental states. It has been proposed, however, that
in contrast to humans, chimpanzees are only able to do this
in competitive interactions but this has rarely been
directly tested. Here, pairs of chimpanzees or bonobos
(Study 1) and 4-year-old children (Study 2) were presented
with two almost identical tasks differing only regarding the
social context. In the cooperation condition, players'
interests were matched: they had to make corresponding
choices to be mutually rewarded. To facilitate coordination,
subjects should thus make their actions visible to their
partner whose view was partially occluded. In the
competition condition, players' interests were directly
opposed: the partner tried to match the subject's choice but
subjects were only rewarded if they chose differently, so
that they benefited from hiding their actions. The apes
successfully adapted their decisions to the social context
and their performance was markedly better in the cooperation
condition. Children also distinguished between the two
contexts, but somewhat surprisingly, performed better in the
competitive condition. These findings demonstrate
experimentally that chimpanzees and bonobos can take into
account what others can see in cooperative interactions.
Their social-cognitive skills are thus more flexible than
previously assumed.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-08435-7},
Key = {fds328849}
}
@article{fds328850,
Author = {Engelmann, JM and Clift, JB and Herrmann, E and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Social disappointment explains chimpanzees' behaviour in the
inequity aversion task.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {284},
Number = {1861},
Pages = {20171502},
Year = {2017},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1502},
Abstract = {Chimpanzees' refusal of less-preferred food when an
experimenter has previously provided preferred food to a
conspecific has been taken as evidence for a sense of
fairness. Here, we present a novel hypothesis-the social
disappointment hypothesis-according to which food refusals
express chimpanzees' disappointment in the human
experimenter for not rewarding them as well as they could
have. We tested this hypothesis using a two-by-two design in
which food was either distributed by an experimenter or a
machine and with a partner present or absent. We found that
chimpanzees were more likely to reject food when it was
distributed by an experimenter rather than by a machine and
that they were not more likely to do so when a partner was
present. These results suggest that chimpanzees' refusal of
less-preferred food stems from social disappointment in the
experimenter and not from a sense of fairness.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2017.1502},
Key = {fds328850}
}
@article{fds320785,
Author = {Hepach, R and Vaish, A and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Children's Intrinsic Motivation to Provide Help Themselves
After Accidentally Harming Others.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {88},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1251-1264},
Year = {2017},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12646},
Abstract = {Little is known about the flexibility of children's
prosocial motivation. Here, 2- and 3-year-old children's
(n = 128) internal arousal, as measured via changes in
pupil dilation, was increased after they accidentally harmed
a victim but were unable to repair the harm. If they were
able to repair (or if they themselves did not cause the harm
and the help was provided by someone else) their arousal
subsided. This suggests that children are especially
motivated to help those whom they have harmed, perhaps out
of a sense of guilt and a desire to reconcile with them.
Young children care not only about the well-being of others
but also about the relationship they have with those who
depend on their help.},
Doi = {10.1111/cdev.12646},
Key = {fds320785}
}
@article{fds325488,
Author = {Kanngiesser, P and Köymen, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children mostly keep, and expect others to keep, their
promises.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {140-158},
Year = {2017},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2017.02.004},
Abstract = {Promises are speech acts that create an obligation to do the
promised action. In three studies, we investigated whether
3- and 5-year-olds (N=278) understand the normative
implications of promising in prosocial interactions. In
Study 1, children helped a partner who promised to share
stickers. When the partner failed to uphold the promise, 3-
and 5-year-olds protested and referred to promise norms. In
Study 2, when children in this same age range were asked to
promise to continue a cleaning task-and they agreed-they
persisted longer on the task and mentioned their obligation
more frequently than without such a promise. They also
persisted longer after a promise than after a cleaning
reminder (Study 3). In prosocial interactions, thus, young
children feel a normative obligation to keep their promises
and expect others to keep their promises as
well.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2017.02.004},
Key = {fds325488}
}
@article{fds327020,
Author = {Schmelz, M and Grueneisen, S and Kabalak, A and Jost, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Chimpanzees return favors at a personal cost.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {114},
Number = {28},
Pages = {7462-7467},
Year = {2017},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1700351114},
Abstract = {Humans regularly provide others with resources at a personal
cost to themselves. Chimpanzees engage in some cooperative
behaviors in the wild as well, but their motivational
underpinnings are unclear. In three experiments, chimpanzees
(<i>Pan troglodytes</i>) always chose between an option
delivering food both to themselves and a partner and one
delivering food only to themselves. In one condition, a
conspecific partner had just previously taken a personal
risk to make this choice available. In another condition, no
assistance from the partner preceded the subject's decision.
Chimpanzees made significantly more prosocial choices after
receiving their partner's assistance than when no assistance
was given (experiment 1) and, crucially, this was the case
even when choosing the prosocial option was materially
costly for the subject (experiment 2). Moreover, subjects
appeared sensitive to the risk of their partner's assistance
and chose prosocially more often when their partner risked
losing food by helping (experiment 3). These findings
demonstrate experimentally that chimpanzees are willing to
incur a material cost to deliver rewards to a conspecific,
but only if that conspecific previously assisted them, and
particularly when this assistance was risky. Some key
motivations involved in human cooperation thus may have
deeper phylogenetic roots than previously
suspected.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1700351114},
Key = {fds327020}
}
@article{fds326490,
Author = {Sánchez-Amaro, A and Duguid, S and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Chimpanzees, bonobos, and children successfully coordinate
in conflict situations.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological
Sciences},
Volume = {284},
Number = {1856},
Publisher = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological
Sciences},
Year = {2017},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0259},
Abstract = {Social animals need to coordinate with others to reap the
benefits of group-living even when individuals’ interests
are misaligned. We compare how chimpanzees, bonobos and
children coordinate their actions with a conspecific in a
Snowdrift game, which provides a model for understanding how
organisms coordinate and make decisions under conflict. In
study 1, we presented pairs of chimpanzees, bonobos and
children with an unequal reward distribution. In the
critical condition, the preferred reward could only be
obtained by waiting for the partner to act, with the risk
that if no one acted, both would lose the rewards. Apes and
children successfully coordinated to obtain the rewards.
Children used a ‘both-partner-pull’ strategy and
communicated during the task, while some apes relied on an
‘only-one-partner-pulls’ strategy to solve the task,
although there were also signs of strategic behaviour as
they waited for their partner to pull when that strategy led
to the preferred reward. In study 2, we presented pairs of
chimpanzees and bonobos with the same set-up as in study 1
with the addition of a non-social option that provided them
with a secure reward. In this situation, apes had to
actively decide between the unequal distribution and the
alternative. In this set-up, apes maximized their rewards by
taking their partners’ potential actions into account. In
conclusion, children and apes showed clear instances of
strategic decision-making to maximize their own rewards
while maintaining successful coordination.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2017.0259},
Key = {fds326490}
}
@article{fds326491,
Author = {Hardecker, S and Tomasello, M},
Title = {From imitation to implementation: How two- and
three-year-old children learn to enforce social
norms.},
Journal = {The British journal of developmental psychology},
Volume = {35},
Number = {2},
Pages = {237-248},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12159},
Abstract = {Young children enforce social norms from early on, but
little research has examined how this enforcement behaviour
emerges. This study investigated whether observing an
adult's norm enforcement influences children's own
enforcement of that norm compared with observing an action
demonstration without enforcement. Additionally, children
experienced enforcement either following their own
(second-party) or a third-party's transgression (N = 120).
Results revealed that observing enforcement increased two-
and three-year-old children's protest against the sanctioned
action regardless of second- or third-party context.
However, only three-year-olds generalized their enforcement
to a novel action not matching the norm, whereas
two-year-olds only protested against the previously
sanctioned action. Importantly, without any enforcement
demonstration, two-year-olds rarely protested at all while
three-year-olds did so quite frequently. Thus, providing an
opportunity to imitate enforcement seems to give rise to
enforcement behaviour in two-year-olds while three-year-olds
already understand normative implications following a
variety of cues and even apply norm enforcement without any
demonstration of how to do it. Statement of contribution
What is already known on this subject? Children conform to
social norms from early in development. Young children from
2 to 3 years of age also enforce social norms on third
parties. What does this study add? Observing enforcement by
an adult increases two- and three-year-olds' protest against
the sanctioned action. It does not matter whether children
experienced enforcement on their own or a third party's
action. Three-, but not two-year-olds, generalize their
enforcement to novel actions that do not match the
norm.},
Doi = {10.1111/bjdp.12159},
Key = {fds326491}
}
@article{fds326492,
Author = {Rapp, DJ and Engelmann, JM and Herrmann, E and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {The impact of choice on young children's prosocial
motivation.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {158},
Pages = {112-121},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2017},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2017.01.004},
Abstract = {The current study explored how freedom of choice affects
preschoolers' prosocial motivation. Children (3- and
5-year-olds) participated in either a choice condition
(where they could decide for themselves whether to help or
not) or a no-choice condition (where they were instructed to
help). Prosocial motivation was subsequently assessed by
measuring the amount children helped an absent peer in the
face of an attractive alternative game. The 5-year-olds
provided with choice helped more than the children not
provided with choice, and this effect was stronger for girls
than for boys. There was no difference between conditions
for the 3-year-olds. These results highlight the importance
of choice in young children's prosocial development.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2017.01.004},
Key = {fds326492}
}
@article{fds320783,
Author = {Hardecker, S and Schmidt, MFH and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Children’s Developing Understanding of the Conventionality
of Rules},
Journal = {Journal of Cognition and Development},
Volume = {18},
Number = {2},
Pages = {163-188},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2017},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2016.1255624},
Abstract = {Much research has investigated how children relate to norms
taught to them by adult authorities. Very few studies have
investigated norms that arise out of children’s own peer
interactions. In two studies, we investigated how 5- and
7-year-old children teach, enforce, and understand rules
that they either created themselves or were taught by an
adult. Children (N = 240) were asked to either invent game
rules on their own or were taught these exact same rules by
an adult (yoked design). Children of both ages enforced and
transmitted the rules in a normative way, regardless of
whether they had invented them or were taught the rules by
an adult, suggesting that they viewed even their own
self-made rules as normatively binding. However, creating
the rules led 5-year-old children to understand them as much
more changeable as compared with adult-taught rules.
Seven-year-olds, in contrast, regarded both kinds of rules
as equally changeable, indeed allowing fewer changes to
their self-created rules than 5-year-olds. While the process
of creating rules seemed to enlighten preschoolers’
understanding of the conventionality of the rules,
school-aged children regarded both self-created rules and
adult-taught rules in a similar manner, suggesting a deeper
understanding of rule normativity as arising from social
agreement and commitment.},
Doi = {10.1080/15248372.2016.1255624},
Key = {fds320783}
}
@article{fds320782,
Author = {Ulber, J and Hamann, K and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children, but not chimpanzees, are averse to
disadvantageous and advantageous inequities.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {155},
Pages = {48-66},
Year = {2017},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2016.10.013},
Abstract = {The age at which young children show an aversion to
inequitable resource distributions, especially those
favoring themselves, is unclear. It is also unclear whether
great apes, as humans' nearest evolutionary relatives, have
an aversion to inequitable resource distributions at all.
Using a common methodology across species and child ages,
the current two studies found that 3- and 4-year-old
children (N=64) not only objected when they received less
than a collaborative partner but also sacrificed to equalize
when they received more. They did neither of these things in
a nonsocial situation, demonstrating the fundamental role of
social comparison. In contrast, chimpanzees (N=9) showed no
aversion to inequitable distributions, only a concern for
maximizing their own resources, with no differences between
social and nonsocial conditions. These results underscore
the unique importance for humans, even early in ontogeny,
for treating others fairly, presumably as a way of becoming
a cooperative member of one's cultural group.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2016.10.013},
Key = {fds320782}
}
@article{fds325489,
Author = {Grueneisen, S and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Children coordinate in a recurrent social dilemma by taking
turns and along dominance asymmetries.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {53},
Number = {2},
Pages = {265-273},
Year = {2017},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/dev0000236},
Abstract = {Humans constantly have to coordinate their decisions with
others even when their interests are conflicting (e.g., when
2 drivers have to decide who yields at an intersection). So
far, however, little is known about the development of these
abilities. Here, we present dyads of 5-year-olds (N = 40)
with a repeated chicken game using a novel methodology: Two
children each steered an automated toy train carrying a
reward. The trains simultaneously moved toward each other so
that in order to avoid a crash-which left both children
empty-handed-1 train had to swerve. By swerving, however,
the trains lost a portion of the rewards so that it was in
each child's interest to go straight. Children coordinated
their decisions successfully over multiple rounds, and they
mostly did so by taking turns at swerving. In dyads in which
turn-taking was rare, dominant children obtained
significantly higher payoffs than their partners. Moreover,
the coordination process was more efficient in turn-taking
dyads as indicated by a significant reduction in conflicts
and verbal protest. These findings indicate that already by
the late preschool years children can independently
coordinate decisions with peers in recurrent conflicts of
interest. (PsycINFO Database Record},
Doi = {10.1037/dev0000236},
Key = {fds325489}
}
@book{fds351574,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Introduction: A cognitive-functional perspective on language
structure},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {vii-xxiii},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780585115191},
Key = {fds351574}
}
@book{fds351575,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {The new psychology of language: Cognitive and functional
approaches to language structure},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {1-292},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780585115191},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315085678},
Abstract = {This book, which gathers in one place the theories of 10
leading cognitive and functional linguists, represents a new
approach that may define the next era in the history of
psychology: It promises to give psychologists a new
appreciation of what this variety of linguistics can offer
their study of language and communication. In addition, it
provides cognitive-functional linguists new models for
presenting their work to audiences outside the boundaries of
traditional linguistics. Thus, it serves as an excellent
text for courses in psycholinguistics, and appeal to
students and researchers in cognitive science and functional
linguistics.},
Doi = {10.4324/9781315085678},
Key = {fds351575}
}
@article{fds329018,
Author = {Krupenye, C and Kano, F and Hirata, S and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {A test of the submentalizing hypothesis: Apes' performance
in a false belief task inanimate control.},
Journal = {Communicative & integrative biology},
Volume = {10},
Number = {4},
Pages = {e1343771},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19420889.2017.1343771},
Abstract = {Much debate concerns whether any nonhuman animals share with
humans the ability to infer others' mental states, such as
desires and beliefs. In a recent eye-tracking false-belief
task, we showed that great apes correctly anticipated that a
human actor would search for a goal object where he had last
seen it, even though the apes themselves knew that it was no
longer there. In response, Heyes proposed that apes' looking
behavior was guided not by social cognitive mechanisms but
rather domain-general cueing effects, and suggested the use
of inanimate controls to test this alternative
submentalizing hypothesis. In the present study, we
implemented the suggested inanimate control of our previous
false-belief task. Apes attended well to key events but
showed markedly fewer anticipatory looks and no significant
tendency to look to the correct location. We thus found no
evidence that submentalizing was responsible for apes'
anticipatory looks in our false-belief task.},
Doi = {10.1080/19420889.2017.1343771},
Key = {fds329018}
}
@article{fds322245,
Author = {Hepach, R and Vaish, A and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The fulfillment of others' needs elevates children's body
posture.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {53},
Number = {1},
Pages = {100-113},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/dev0000173},
Abstract = {Much is known about young children's helping behavior, but
little is known about the underlying motivations and
emotions involved. In 2 studies we found that 2-year-old
children showed positive emotions of similar magnitude-as
measured by changes in their postural elevation using depth
sensor imaging technology-after they achieved a goal for
themselves and after they helped another person achieve her
goal. Conversely, children's posture decreased in elevation
when their actions did not result in a positive outcome.
These results suggest that for young children, working for
themselves and helping others are similarly rewarding.
(PsycINFO Database Record},
Doi = {10.1037/dev0000173},
Key = {fds322245}
}
@article{fds326212,
Author = {Buttelmann, D and Buttelmann, F and Carpenter, M and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Great apes distinguish true from false beliefs in an
interactive helping task.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {12},
Number = {4},
Pages = {e0173793},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173793},
Abstract = {Understanding the behavior of others in a wide variety of
circumstances requires an understanding of their
psychological states. Humans' nearest primate relatives, the
great apes, understand many psychological states of others,
for example, perceptions, goals, and desires. However, so
far there is little evidence that they possess the key
marker of advanced human social cognition: an understanding
of false beliefs. Here we demonstrate that in a nonverbal
(implicit) false-belief test which is passed by human
1-year-old infants, great apes as a group, including
chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), bonobos (Pan paniscus), and
orangutans (Pongo abelii), distinguish between true and
false beliefs in their helping behavior. Great apes thus may
possess at least some basic understanding that an agent's
actions are based on her beliefs about reality. Hence, such
understanding might not be the exclusive province of the
human species.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0173793},
Key = {fds326212}
}
@article{fds351576,
Author = {Hepach, R and Haberl, K and Lambert, S and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Toddlers Help Anonymously},
Journal = {Infancy},
Volume = {22},
Number = {1},
Pages = {130-145},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/infa.12143},
Abstract = {Young children are extremely motivated to help others, but
it is not clear whether they do so in anonymous situations
without social recognition. In two studies, we found that
18-month-old toddlers provided help equally in situations
where an adult recipient was present and in situations
where an adult recipient was not present. We included
several control conditions to rule out that toddlers were
simply unaware of their anonymity or were merely motivated
to restore the physical order of things. Together, these
findings suggest that early in ontogeny children are
motivated to help others in need regardless of whether they
can immediately be recognized for their prosocial
intentions.},
Doi = {10.1111/infa.12143},
Key = {fds351576}
}
@article{fds351577,
Author = {Schmid, B and Karg, K and Perner, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Great apes are sensitive to prior reliability of an
informant in a gaze following task.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {12},
Number = {11},
Pages = {e0187451},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187451},
Abstract = {Social animals frequently rely on information from other
individuals. This can be costly in case the other individual
is mistaken or even deceptive. Human infants below 4 years
of age show proficiency in their reliance on differently
reliable informants. They can infer the reliability of an
informant from few interactions and use that assessment in
later interactions with the same informant in a different
context. To explore whether great apes share that ability,
in our study we confronted great apes with a reliable or
unreliable informant in an object choice task, to see
whether that would in a subsequent task affect their gaze
following behaviour in response to the same informant. In
our study, prior reliability of the informant and
habituation during the gaze following task affected both
great apes' automatic gaze following response and their more
deliberate response of gaze following behind barriers. As
habituation is very context specific, it is unlikely that
habituation in the reliability task affected the gaze
following task. Rather it seems that apes employ a
reliability tracking strategy that results in a general
avoidance of additional information from an unreliable
informant.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0187451},
Key = {fds351577}
}
@misc{fds365126,
Author = {Engelmann, JM and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The Middle Step: Joint Intentionality as a Human-Unique Form
of Second-Personal Engagement},
Pages = {433-446},
Booktitle = {The Routledge Handbook of Collective Intentionality},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9781138783638},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315768571-41},
Abstract = {The crucial middle step consists in second-personal
engagement with engagement others. In this chapter, the
authors present face-to-face interactions joint
intentionality. On the other hand there are capacities for
acting collectively within a social group or culture,
relying on an understanding and sensitivity to
supra-individual constructions as cultural conventions,
norms, and institutional reality. Much attention has been
paid to processes of collective intentionality, often under
the rubric of “social ontology”. While the social life
of even our nearest living relatives, chimpanzees and
bonobos is characterized by individual intentions, humans
routinely coordinate with others to form intricate modes of
collective intentions and enduring cultural practices.
Chimpanzees have robust and selective intentions to behave
cooperatively toward their bond partners, including a
tendency to preferentially trust those partners. The authors
discuss how early humans evolved new cognitive adaptations,
most importantly and fundamentally the dual-level cognitive
structure of joint intentionality.},
Doi = {10.4324/9781315768571-41},
Key = {fds365126}
}
@misc{fds366595,
Author = {Engelmann, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Prosociality and morality in children and
chimpanzees},
Pages = {15-32},
Booktitle = {New Perspectives on Moral Development},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9781138188013},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315642758},
Abstract = {The modern study of moral development began with Piaget’s
(1932) The Moral Judgment of the Child, which although
originally published in the 1930s only became
internationally known in the 1960s through its influence on
Kohlberg’s theory (e.g. Kohlberg, 1981). Piaget and
Kohlberg were both explicit that they were not studying
children’s moral motivations or behaviour, but only their
judgements, indeed typically judgements about other
people’s interactions from a third-party perspective. Much
of the work in social domain theory championed by Turiel
(1983), though coming from a somewhat different theoretical
perspective, also focused on children’s judgements about
third parties’ interactions.},
Doi = {10.4324/9781315642758},
Key = {fds366595}
}
@article{fds351578,
Author = {Haun, DBM and Tomasello, M},
Title = {How to Compare Across Species.},
Journal = {Psychological science},
Volume = {27},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1670-1672},
Year = {2016},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797616671336},
Doi = {10.1177/0956797616671336},
Key = {fds351578}
}
@article{fds320786,
Author = {Vaish, A and Carpenter, M and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The Early Emergence of Guilt-Motivated Prosocial
Behavior.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {87},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1772-1782},
Year = {2016},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12628},
Abstract = {Guilt serves vital prosocial functions: It motivates
transgressors to make amends, thus restoring damaged
relationships. Previous developmental research on guilt has
not clearly distinguished it from sympathy for a victim or a
tendency to repair damage in general. The authors tested 2-
and 3-year-old children (N = 62 and 64, respectively) in a
2 × 2 design, varying whether or not a mishap caused harm
to someone and whether children themselves caused that
mishap. Three-year-olds showed greatest reparative behavior
when they had caused the mishap and it caused harm, thus
showing a specific effect of guilt. Two-year-olds repaired
more whenever harm was caused, no matter by whom, thus
showing only an effect of sympathy. Guilt as a distinct
motivator of prosocial behavior thus emerges by at least
3 years.},
Doi = {10.1111/cdev.12628},
Key = {fds320786}
}
@article{fds320787,
Author = {Hepach, R and Vaish, A and Grossmann, T and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Young Children Want to See Others Get the Help They
Need.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {87},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1703-1714},
Year = {2016},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12633},
Abstract = {Children's instrumental helping has sometimes been
interpreted as a desire to complete action sequences or to
restore the physical order of things. Two-year-old children
(n = 51) selectively retrieved for an adult the object he
needed rather than one he did not (but which equally served
to restore the previous order of things), and those with
greater internal arousal (i.e., pupil dilation) were faster
to help. In a second experiment (n = 64), children's
arousal increased when they witnessed an adult respond
inappropriately to another adult's need. This was not the
case in a nonsocial control condition. These findings
suggest that children's helping is not aimed at restoring
the order of things but rather at seeing another person's
need fulfilled.},
Doi = {10.1111/cdev.12633},
Key = {fds320787}
}
@article{fds320784,
Author = {Schmidt, MFH and Tomasello, M},
Title = {How chimpanzees cooperate: If dominance is artificially
constrained.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {113},
Number = {44},
Pages = {E6728-E6729},
Year = {2016},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1614378113},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1614378113},
Key = {fds320784}
}
@article{fds351579,
Author = {Bohn, M and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The role of past interactions in great apes' communication
about absent entities.},
Journal = {Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. :
1983)},
Volume = {130},
Number = {4},
Pages = {351-357},
Year = {2016},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/com0000042},
Abstract = {Recent evidence suggests that great apes can use the former
location of an entity to communicate about it. In this study
we built on these findings to investigate the
social-cognitive foundations of great apes' communicative
abilities. We tested whether great apes (n = 35) would
adjust their requests for absent entities to previous
interactions they had with their interlocutor. We
manipulated the apes' experience with respect to the
interlocutor's knowledge about the previous content of the
now-empty location as well as their experience with the
interlocutor's competence to provide additional food items.
We found that apes adjusted their requests to both of these
aspects but failed to integrate them with one another. These
results demonstrate a surprising amount of flexibility in
great apes' communicative abilities while at the same time
suggesting some important limitations in their social
communicative skills. (PsycINFO Database
Record},
Doi = {10.1037/com0000042},
Key = {fds351579}
}
@article{fds351580,
Author = {Brandt, S and Buttelmann, D and Lieven, E and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Children's understanding of first- and third-person
perspectives in complement clauses and false-belief
tasks.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {151},
Pages = {131-143},
Year = {2016},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2016.03.004},
Abstract = {De Villiers (Lingua, 2007, Vol. 117, pp. 1858-1878) and
others have claimed that children come to understand false
belief as they acquire linguistic constructions for
representing a proposition and the speaker's epistemic
attitude toward that proposition. In the current study,
English-speaking children of 3 and 4years of age (N=64) were
asked to interpret propositional attitude constructions with
a first- or third-person subject of the propositional
attitude (e.g., "I think the sticker is in the red box" or
"The cow thinks the sticker is in the red box",
respectively). They were also assessed for an understanding
of their own and others' false beliefs. We found that
4-year-olds showed a better understanding of both
third-person propositional attitude constructions and false
belief than their younger peers. No significant
developmental differences were found for first-person
propositional attitude constructions. The older children
also showed a better understanding of their own false
beliefs than of others' false beliefs. In addition,
regression analyses suggest that the older children's
comprehension of their own false beliefs was mainly related
to their understanding of third-person propositional
attitude constructions. These results indicate that we need
to take a closer look at the propositional attitude
constructions that are supposed to support children's
false-belief reasoning. Children may come to understand
their own and others' beliefs in different ways, and this
may affect both their use and understanding of propositional
attitude constructions and their performance in various
types of false-belief tasks.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2016.03.004},
Key = {fds351580}
}
@article{fds320788,
Author = {Krupenye, C and Kano, F and Hirata, S and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Great apes anticipate that other individuals will act
according to false beliefs.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {354},
Number = {6308},
Pages = {110-114},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf8110},
Abstract = {Humans operate with a "theory of mind" with which they are
able to understand that others' actions are driven not by
reality but by beliefs about reality, even when those
beliefs are false. Although great apes share with humans
many social-cognitive skills, they have repeatedly failed
experimental tests of such false-belief understanding. We
use an anticipatory looking test (originally developed for
human infants) to show that three species of great apes
reliably look in anticipation of an agent acting on a
location where he falsely believes an object to be, even
though the apes themselves know that the object is no longer
there. Our results suggest that great apes also operate, at
least on an implicit level, with an understanding of false
beliefs.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.aaf8110},
Key = {fds320788}
}
@article{fds320789,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {In Memoriam: Jerome Seymour Bruner [1915–2016]},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {155},
Pages = {iii-iv},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2016.07.013},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2016.07.013},
Key = {fds320789}
}
@article{fds321683,
Author = {Schmidt, MFH and Butler, LP and Heinz, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Young Children See a Single Action and Infer a Social
Norm.},
Journal = {Psychological science},
Volume = {27},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1360-1370},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797616661182},
Abstract = {Human social life depends heavily on social norms that
prescribe and proscribe specific actions. Typically, young
children learn social norms from adult instruction. In the
work reported here, we showed that this is not the whole
story: Three-year-old children are promiscuous normativists.
In other words, they spontaneously inferred the presence of
social norms even when an adult had done nothing to indicate
such a norm in either language or behavior. And children of
this age even went so far as to enforce these self-inferred
norms when third parties "broke" them. These results suggest
that children do not just passively acquire social norms
from adult behavior and instruction; rather, they have a
natural and proactive tendency to go from "is" to "ought."
That is, children go from observed actions to prescribed
actions and do not perceive them simply as guidelines for
their own behavior but rather as objective normative rules
applying to everyone equally.},
Doi = {10.1177/0956797616661182},
Key = {fds321683}
}
@article{fds351581,
Author = {Over, H and Vaish, A and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Do young children accept responsibility for the negative
actions of ingroup members?},
Journal = {Cognitive Development},
Volume = {40},
Pages = {24-32},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2016.08.004},
Abstract = {This study investigated whether young children accept
responsibility for the negative actions of ingroup members.
Five-year-old children watched a transgressor break someone
else's valued possession. Depending on condition, this
transgressor either belonged to the same group as the child
or a different group from the child. Coding of children's
nonverbal behaviour indicated that they displayed more signs
of guilt (but not other negative emotions) when the
transgressor belonged to their own group than the other
group. Furthermore, when the transgressor belonged to their
own group, children were more likely to say that their own
group should apologise for the damage and that they
themselves should try to repair the broken object.
Children's connections to their groups are thus so profound
that they appear to feel responsible for the negative
actions of their group members even when they had no
personal involvement in the harm those actions
caused.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogdev.2016.08.004},
Key = {fds351581}
}
@article{fds351582,
Author = {Ibbotson, P and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Language in a New Key.},
Journal = {Scientific American},
Volume = {315},
Number = {5},
Pages = {70-75},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1116-70},
Doi = {10.1038/scientificamerican1116-70},
Key = {fds351582}
}
@article{fds351583,
Author = {Hardecker, S and Schmidt, MFH and Roden, M and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Young children's behavioral and emotional responses to
different social norm violations.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {150},
Pages = {364-379},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2016.06.012},
Abstract = {From an early age, children can talk meaningfully about
differences between moral and conventional norms. But does
their understanding of these differences manifest itself in
their actual behavioral and emotional reactions to norm
violations? And do children discriminate between norm
violations that affect either themselves or a third party?
Two studies (N=224) were conducted in which children
observed conventional game rule violations and moral
transgressions that either disadvantaged themselves directly
or disadvantaged an absent third party. Results revealed
that 3- and 5-year-olds evaluated both conventional and
moral transgressions as normative breaches and protested
against them. However, 5-year-olds also clearly
discriminated these types of transgressions along further
dimensions in that (a) they tattled largely on the moral
violation and less on the conventional violation and (b)
they showed stronger emotional reactions to moral violations
compared to conventional violations. The 3-year-olds'
responses to moral and conventional transgressions, however,
were less discriminatory, and these younger children
responded rather similarly to both kinds of violations.
Importantly, most children intervened both as victims of the
transgression and as unaffected third parties alike,
providing strong evidence for their agent-neutral
understanding of social norms.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2016.06.012},
Key = {fds351583}
}
@article{fds320790,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Jerome Seymour Bruner [1915-2016].},
Journal = {Journal of child language},
Volume = {43},
Number = {5},
Pages = {967-968},
Year = {2016},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000916000374},
Doi = {10.1017/s0305000916000374},
Key = {fds320790}
}
@article{fds351584,
Author = {Engelmann, JM and Herrmann, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Preschoolers affect others' reputations through prosocial
gossip.},
Journal = {The British journal of developmental psychology},
Volume = {34},
Number = {3},
Pages = {447-460},
Year = {2016},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12143},
Abstract = {Providing evaluative information to others about absent
third parties helps them to identify cooperators and avoid
cheaters. Here, we show that 5-year-olds, but not
3-year-olds, reliably engage in such prosocial gossip. In an
experimental setting, 5-year-old children spontaneously
offered relevant reputational information to guide a peer
towards a cooperative partner. Three-year-old children
offered such evaluative information only rarely, although
they still showed a willingness to inform in a
non-evaluative manner. A follow-up study revealed that one
component involved in this age difference is children's
developing ability to provide justifications. The current
results extend previous work on young children's tendency to
manage their own reputation by showing that preschoolers
also influence others' reputations via gossip.},
Doi = {10.1111/bjdp.12143},
Key = {fds351584}
}
@article{fds323256,
Author = {Vaish, A and Herrmann, E and Markmann, C and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Preschoolers value those who sanction non-cooperators.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {153},
Pages = {43-51},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2016},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2016.04.011},
Abstract = {Large-scale human cooperation among unrelated individuals
requires the enforcement of social norms. However, such
enforcement poses a problem because non-enforcers can free
ride on others' costly and risky enforcement. One solution
is that enforcers receive benefits relative to
non-enforcers. Here we show that this solution becomes
functional during the preschool years: 5-year-old (but not
4-year-old) children judged enforcers of norms more
positively, preferred enforcers, and distributed more
resources to enforcers than to non-enforcers. The ability to
sustain not only first-order but also second-order
cooperation thus emerges quite early in human ontogeny,
providing a viable solution to the problem of higher-order
cooperation.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2016.04.011},
Key = {fds323256}
}
@article{fds340136,
Author = {Melis, A and Grocke, P and Kalbitz, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {One for you, one for me: Humans' unique turn-taking
skills},
Journal = {Psychological Science},
Volume = {27},
Number = {7},
Pages = {987-996},
Publisher = {Association for Psychological Science},
Year = {2016},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797616644070},
Abstract = {Long-term collaborative relationships require that any
jointly produced resources be shared in mutually
satisfactory ways. Prototypically, this sharing involves
partners dividing up simultaneously available resources, but
sometimes the collaboration makes a resource available to
only one individual, and any sharing of resources must take
place across repeated instances over time. Here, we show
that beginning at 5 years of age, human children stabilize
cooperation in such cases by taking turns across instances
of obtaining a resource. In contrast, chimpanzees do not
take turns in this way, and so their collaboration tends to
disintegrate over time. Alternating turns in obtaining a
collaboratively produced resource does not necessarily
require a prosocial concern for the other, but rather
requires only a strategic judgment that partners need
incentives to continue collaborating. These results suggest
that human beings are adapted for thinking strategically in
ways that sustain long-term cooperative relationships and
that are absent in their nearest primate
relatives.},
Doi = {10.1177/0956797616644070},
Key = {fds340136}
}
@article{fds323257,
Author = {Engelmann, JM and Herrmann, E and Rapp, DJ and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Young children (sometimes) do the right thing even when
their peers do not},
Journal = {Cognitive Development},
Volume = {39},
Pages = {86-92},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2016},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2016.04.004},
Abstract = {Children must sometimes decide between conforming to peer
behavior and doing what is right. While research shows that
children have a strong inclination to act prosocially and to
help conspecifics in need, many studies also demonstrate
that children tend to adopt peer behavior. In two studies (N
= 96), we investigated whether children would conform to an
antisocial majority or, whether they would do the right
thing even under peer pressure. Results show that if a
recipient is in need, 5-year-old children act prosocially in
two different contexts even when there is a strong selfish
incentive not to. However, once the severity of the
recipient's need is reduced, children conform to the
antisocial group. The current studies suggest that
children's prosocial motivation sometimes wins out against
more selfish drives.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogdev.2016.04.004},
Key = {fds323257}
}
@article{fds351585,
Author = {Ulber, J and Hamann, K and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Extrinsic Rewards Diminish Costly Sharing in
3-Year-Olds.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {87},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1192-1203},
Year = {2016},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12534},
Abstract = {Two studies investigated the influence of external rewards
and social praise in young children's fairness-related
behavior. The motivation of ninety-six 3-year-olds' to
equalize unfair resource allocations was measured in three
scenarios (collaboration, windfall, and dictator game)
following three different treatments (material reward,
verbal praise, and neutral response). In all scenarios,
children's willingness to engage in costly sharing was
negatively influenced when they had received a reward for
equal sharing during treatment than when they had received
praise or no reward. The negative effect of material rewards
was not due to subjects responding in kind to their
partner's termination of rewards. These results provide new
evidence for the intrinsic motivation of prosociality-in
this case, costly sharing behavior-in preschool
children.},
Doi = {10.1111/cdev.12534},
Key = {fds351585}
}
@misc{fds330415,
Author = {Krupenye, C and Kano, F and Hirata, S and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Great apes anticipate actions based on agents' (false)
beliefs},
Journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY},
Volume = {51},
Pages = {255-255},
Publisher = {ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD},
Year = {2016},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds330415}
}
@article{fds351586,
Author = {Sánchez-Amaro, A and Duguid, S and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Chimpanzees coordinate in a snowdrift game},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {116},
Pages = {61-74},
Year = {2016},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.03.030},
Abstract = {The snowdrift game is a model for studying social
coordination in the context of competing interests. We
presented pairs of chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, with a
situation in which they could either pull a weighted tray
together or pull alone to obtain food. Ultimately
chimpanzees should coordinate their actions because if no
one pulled, they would both lose the reward. There were two
experimental manipulations: the tray's weight (low or high
weight condition) and the time to solve the dilemma before
the rewards became inaccessible (40 s or 10 s). When the
costs were high (i.e. high weight condition), chimpanzees
waited longer to act. Cooperation tended to increase in
frequency across sessions. The pulling effort invested in
the task also became more skewed between subjects. The
subjects also adjusted their behaviour by changing their
pulling effort for different partners. These results
demonstrate that chimpanzees can coordinate their actions in
situations where there is a conflict of interest.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.03.030},
Key = {fds351586}
}
@article{fds351587,
Author = {Butler, LP and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Two- and 3-year-olds integrate linguistic and pedagogical
cues in guiding inductive generalization and
exploration.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {145},
Pages = {64-78},
Year = {2016},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2015.12.001},
Abstract = {Young children can in principle make generic inferences
(e.g., "doffels are magnetic") on the basis of their own
individual experience. Recent evidence, however, shows that
by 4 years of age children make strong generic inferences on
the basis of a single pedagogical demonstration with an
individual (e.g., an adult demonstrates for the child that a
single "doffel" is magnetic). In the current experiments, we
extended this to look at younger children, investigating how
the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are integrated
with other aspects of inductive inference during early
development. We found that both 2- and 3-year-olds used
pedagogical cues to guide such generic inferences, but only
so long as the "doffel" was linguistically labeled. In a
follow-up study, 3-year-olds, but not 2-year-olds, continued
to make this generic inference even if the word "doffel" was
uttered incidentally and non-referentially in a context
preceding the pedagogical demonstration, thereby simply
marking the opportunity to learn about a culturally
important category. By 3 years of age, then, young children
show a remarkable ability to flexibly combine different
sources of culturally relevant information (e.g., linguistic
labeling, pedagogy) to make the kinds of generic inferences
so central in human cultural learning.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2015.12.001},
Key = {fds351587}
}
@article{fds351588,
Author = {Zeidler, H and Herrmann, E and B M Haun and D and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Taking Turns or Not? Children's Approach to Limited Resource
Problems in Three Different Cultures.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {87},
Number = {3},
Pages = {677-688},
Year = {2016},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12505},
Abstract = {Some problems of resource distribution can be solved on
equal terms only by taking turns. We presented such a
problem to 168 pairs of 5- to 10-year-old children from one
Western and two non-Western societies (German, Samburu,
Kikuyu). Almost all German pairs solved the problem by
taking turns immediately, resulting in an equal distribution
of resources throughout the game. In the other groups, one
child usually monopolized the resource in Trial 1 and
sometimes let the partner monopolize it in Trial 2,
resulting in an equal distribution in only half the dyads.
These results suggest that turn-taking is not a natural
strategy uniformly across human cultures, but rather that
different cultures use it to different degrees and in
different contexts.},
Doi = {10.1111/cdev.12505},
Key = {fds351588}
}
@article{fds351589,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Cultural Learning Redux.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {87},
Number = {3},
Pages = {643-653},
Year = {2016},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12499},
Abstract = {M. Tomasello, A. Kruger, and H. Ratner (1993) proposed a
theory of cultural learning comprising imitative learning,
instructed learning, and collaborative learning. Empirical
and theoretical advances in the past 20 years suggest
modifications to the theory; for example, children do not
just imitate but overimitate in order to identify and
affiliate with others in their cultural group, children
learn from pedagogy not just episodic facts but the generic
structure of their cultural worlds, and children
collaboratively co-construct with those in their culture
normative rules for doing things. In all, human children do
not just culturally learn useful instrumental activities and
information, they conform to the normative expectations of
the cultural group and even contribute themselves to the
creation of such normative expectations.},
Doi = {10.1111/cdev.12499},
Key = {fds351589}
}
@article{fds351590,
Author = {Karg, K and Schmelz, M and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Differing views: Can chimpanzees do Level 2
perspective-taking?},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {19},
Number = {3},
Pages = {555-564},
Year = {2016},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-016-0956-7},
Abstract = {Although chimpanzees understand what others may see, it is
unclear whether they understand how others see things (Level
2 perspective-taking). We investigated whether chimpanzees
can predict the behavior of a conspecific which is holding a
mistaken perspective that differs from their own. The
subject competed with a conspecific over two food sticks.
While the subject could see that both were the same size, to
the competitor one appeared bigger than the other. In a
previously established game, the competitor chose one stick
in private first and the subject chose thereafter, without
knowing which of the sticks was gone. Chimpanzees and
6-year-old children chose the 'riskier' stick (that looked
bigger to the competitor) significantly less in the game
than in a nonsocial control. Children chose randomly in the
control, thus showing Level 2 perspective-taking skills; in
contrast, chimpanzees had a preference for the 'riskier'
stick here, rendering it possible that they attributed their
own preference to the competitor to predict her choice. We
thus run a follow-up in which chimpanzees did not have a
preference in the control. Now, they also chose randomly in
the game. We conclude that chimpanzees solved the task by
attributing their own preference to the other, while
children truly understood the other's mistaken
perspective.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-016-0956-7},
Key = {fds351590}
}
@misc{fds359905,
Author = {Quick, AE and Lieven, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Mixed NPs in German-English and German-Russian bilingual
children},
Pages = {127-146},
Booktitle = {Cognitive Perspectives on Bilingualism},
Year = {2016},
Month = {April},
ISBN = {9781614515852},
Abstract = {Both cross-linguistic priming methodologies and research on
codemixed utterances have been concerned with the nature of
the underlying syntactic representations of bilinguals. The
present paper investigated code-mixing at the
morphosyntactic level (NP) by comparing German-English (G-E)
and German- Russian (G-R) bilingual children between the
ages of 3;6 and 5;6. Using a language priming paradigm and a
monolingual interlocutor in each language, we attempted to
elicit mixed NPs from these children. Results showed that
G-E bilingual children produced mixed NPs significantly more
often than G-R bilinguals, providing support for the
importance of structural similarity in this type of mixing.
A second finding was that children who were reported as
code-mixing at home were significantly more likely to
provide answers while children who did not code-mix remained
silent. Explanations in terms of individual differences
and/or balanced competence are discussed.},
Key = {fds359905}
}
@article{fds351591,
Author = {Brandt, S and Lieven, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {German Children’s Use of Word Order and Case Marking to
Interpret Simple and Complex Sentences: Testing Differences
Between Constructions and Lexical Items},
Journal = {Language Learning and Development},
Volume = {12},
Number = {2},
Pages = {156-182},
Year = {2016},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15475441.2015.1052448},
Abstract = {ABSTRACT: Children and adults follow cues such as case
marking and word order in their assignment of semantic roles
in simple transitives (e.g., the dog chased the cat). It has
been suggested that the same cues are used for the
interpretation of complex sentences, such as transitive
relative clauses (RCs) (e.g., that’s the dog that chased
the cat) (Bates, Devescovi, & D’Amico, 1999). We used a
pointing paradigm to test German-speaking 3-, 4-, and
6-year-old children’s sensitivity to case marking and word
order in their interpretation of simple transitives and
transitive RCs. In Experiment 1, case marking was ambiguous.
The only cue available was word order. In Experiment 2, case
was marked on lexical NPs or demonstrative pronouns. In
Experiment 3, case was marked on lexical NPs or personal
pronouns. Whereas the younger children mainly followed word
order, the older children were more likely to base their
interpretations on the more reliable case-marking cue. In
most cases, children from both age groups were more likely
to use these cues in their interpretation of simple
transitives than in their interpretation of transitive RCs.
Finally, children paid more attention to nominative case
when it was marked on first-person personal pronouns than
when it was marked on third-person lexical NPs or
demonstrative pronouns, such as der Löwe ‘the-NOM lion’
or der ‘he-NOM.’ They were able to successfully
integrate this case-marking cue in their sentence processing
even when it appeared late in the sentence. We discuss four
potential reasons for these differences across development,
constructions, and lexical items. (1) Older children are
relatively more sensitive to cue reliability. (2) Word order
is more reliable in simple transitives than in transitive
RCs. (3) The processing of case marking might initially be
item-specific. (4) The processing of case marking might
depend on its saliency and position in the
sentence.},
Doi = {10.1080/15475441.2015.1052448},
Key = {fds351591}
}
@article{fds323843,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {The ontogeny of cultural learning},
Journal = {Current Opinion in Psychology},
Volume = {8},
Pages = {1-4},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2016},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.09.008},
Abstract = {All primates engage in one or another form of social
learning. Humans engage in cultural learning. From very
early in ontogeny human infants and young children do not
just learn useful things from others, they conform to others
in order to affiliate with them and to identify with the
cultural group. The cultural group normatively expects such
conformity, and adults actively instruct children so as to
ensure it. Young children learn from this instruction how
the world is viewed and how it works in their culture. These
special forms of cultural learning enable powerful and
species-unique processes of cumulative cultural
evolution.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.09.008},
Key = {fds323843}
}
@article{fds323258,
Author = {Schmidt, MFH and Hardecker, S and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Preschoolers understand the normativity of cooperatively
structured competition.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {143},
Pages = {34-47},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2015.10.014},
Abstract = {Human institutional practices often involve competition
within a cooperative structure of mutually accepted rules.
In a competitive game, for instance, we not only expect
adherence to the rules of the game but also expect an
opponent who tries to win and, thus, follows a rational
game-playing strategy. We had 3- and 5-year-olds (N=48) play
for a prize against an opponent (a puppet) who played either
rationally (trying to win) or irrationally (helping the
children to win) while either following or breaking the
rules of the game. Both age groups performed costly protest
against an opponent who followed the rules but played
irrationally by helping the children to win. When facing a
rule-breaking opponent, 3-year-olds protested only the rule
breaches of an irrational opponent but not irrational play.
Five-year-olds also protested the rule breaches of a
rational opponent, but in contrast to the 3-year-olds, they
protested irrational behavior even in the context of rule
breaches. Moreover, many children, in particular
3-year-olds, refrained from protesting. These findings
suggest that 5-year-olds, but not 3-year-olds, fully
understand the dual-level normative structure of
cooperatively regulated competition.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2015.10.014},
Key = {fds323258}
}
@article{fds323259,
Author = {Schmidt, MFH and Rakoczy, H and Mietzsch, T and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Young Children Understand the Role of Agreement in
Establishing Arbitrary Norms-But Unanimity Is
Key.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {87},
Number = {2},
Pages = {612-626},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12510},
Abstract = {Human cultural groups value conformity to arbitrary norms
(e.g., rituals, games) that are the result of collective
"agreement." Ninety-six 3-year-olds had the opportunity to
agree upon arbitrary norms with puppets. Results revealed
that children normatively enforced these novel norms only on
a deviator who had actually entered into the agreement (not
on dissenting or ignorant individuals). Interestingly, any
dissent during the norm-setting process (even if a majority
of 90% preferred one course of action) prevented children
from seeing a norm as established for anyone at all. These
findings suggest that even young children understand
something of the role of agreement in establishing mutually
binding social norms, but that their notion of norm
formation may be confined to conditions of
unanimity.},
Doi = {10.1111/cdev.12510},
Key = {fds323259}
}
@article{fds351592,
Author = {Köymen, B and Mammen, M and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Preschoolers use common ground in their justificatory
reasoning with peers.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {52},
Number = {3},
Pages = {423-429},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/dev0000089},
Abstract = {In the context of joint decision-making, we investigated
whether preschoolers alter the informativeness of their
justifications depending on the common ground that they
share with their partner. Pairs of 3- and 5-year-olds (N =
146) were introduced to a novel animal with unique
characteristics (e.g., eating rocks). In the common ground
condition, the children learned about the animal together.
In the one-expert condition, one learned about it, the other
was naïve. In the two-experts condition, children learned
about it separately. Later, the pairs had to decide together
on 3 items that the novel animal might need. Both age groups
referred to the unique characteristics of the animal in
their justifications more in the 2 conditions without common
ground than in the common ground condition. Thus,
preschoolers begin to use common ground flexibly in their
justifications and reason-giving in peer
interactions.},
Doi = {10.1037/dev0000089},
Key = {fds351592}
}
@article{fds351593,
Author = {Bohn, M and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Comprehension of iconic gestures by chimpanzees and human
children.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {142},
Pages = {1-17},
Year = {2016},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2015.09.001},
Abstract = {Iconic gestures-communicative acts using hand or body
movements that resemble their referent-figure prominently in
theories of language evolution and development. This study
contrasted the abilities of chimpanzees (N=11) and
4-year-old human children (N=24) to comprehend novel iconic
gestures. Participants learned to retrieve rewards from
apparatuses in two distinct locations, each requiring a
different action. In the test, a human adult informed the
participant where to go by miming the action needed to
obtain the reward. Children used the iconic gestures (more
than arbitrary gestures) to locate the reward, whereas
chimpanzees did not. Some children also used arbitrary
gestures in the same way, but only after they had previously
shown comprehension for iconic gestures. Over time,
chimpanzees learned to associate iconic gestures with the
appropriate location faster than arbitrary gestures,
suggesting at least some recognition of the iconicity
involved. These results demonstrate the importance of
iconicity in referential communication.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2015.09.001},
Key = {fds351593}
}
@book{fds320791,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {A Natural History of Human Morality},
Pages = {180 pages},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780674088641},
Abstract = {Michael Tomasello offers the most detailed account to date
of the evolution of human moral psychology.},
Key = {fds320791}
}
@article{fds322246,
Author = {Schmidt, MFH and Svetlova, M and Johe, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Children's developing understanding of legitimate reasons
for allocating resources unequally},
Journal = {Cognitive Development},
Volume = {37},
Pages = {42-52},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2015.11.001},
Abstract = {Recent research on distributive justice suggests that young
children prefer equal distributions. But sometimes unequal
distributions are justified, such as when some individuals
deserve more than others based on merit, need, or
agreed-upon rules. When and how do children start
incorporating such factors in their distributive decisions?
Three-, 5-, and 8-year-old children (N= 72) had the
opportunity to allocate several items to two individuals.
One individual was neutral and the other provided a reason
why she should be favored. Three of these reasons were
legitimate (based on merit, need, or agreed-upon rules)
whereas a fourth was idiosyncratic ("I just want more."). We
found that with age, children's equality preference
diminished and their acceptance of various reasons for
privileged treatment increased. It was not until 8 years,
however, that they differentiated between legitimate and
idiosyncratic reasons for inequality. These findings suggest
that children's sense of distributive justice develops from
an early equality preference to a more flexible
understanding of the basic normative reasons that inequality
may, in some cases, be just.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogdev.2015.11.001},
Key = {fds322246}
}
@article{fds323260,
Author = {Vogelsang, M and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Giving Is Nicer than Taking: Preschoolers Reciprocate Based
on the Social Intentions of the Distributor.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e0147539},
Publisher = {Public Library of Science (PLoS)},
Editor = {di Pellegrino, G},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147539},
Abstract = {Recent research has found that even preschoolers give more
resources to others who have previously given resources to
them, but the psychological bases of this reciprocity are
unknown. In our study, a puppet distributed resources
between herself and a child by taking some from a pile in
front of the child or else by giving some from a pile in
front of herself. Although the resulting distributions were
identical, three- and five-year-olds reciprocated less
generously when the puppet had taken rather than given
resources. This suggests that children's judgments about
resource distribution are more about the social intentions
of the distributor and the social framing of the
distributional act than about the amount of resources
obtained. In order to rule out that the differences in the
children's reciprocal behavior were merely due to
experiencing gains and losses, we conducted a follow-up
study. Here, three- and-five year olds won or lost resources
in a lottery draw and could then freely give or take
resources to/from a puppet, respectively. In this study,
they did not respond differently after winning vs. losing
resources.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0147539},
Key = {fds323260}
}
@article{fds351594,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Precís of a natural history of human thinking},
Journal = {Journal of Social Ontology},
Volume = {2},
Number = {1},
Pages = {59-64},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jso-2015-0041},
Abstract = {A précis of Michael Tomasello, A Natural History of Human
Thinking (Harvard University Press, 2014).},
Doi = {10.1515/jso-2015-0041},
Key = {fds351594}
}
@article{fds351596,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Response to commentators},
Journal = {Journal of Social Ontology},
Volume = {2},
Number = {1},
Pages = {117-123},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jso-2015-0042},
Abstract = {This paper is a reply to the comments by Henrike Moll,
Glenda Satne, Ladislav Koreň and Michael Schmitz on Michael
Tomasello, A Natural History of Human Thinking (Harvard
University Press, 2014).},
Doi = {10.1515/jso-2015-0042},
Key = {fds351596}
}
@article{fds351597,
Author = {Plötner, M and Over, H and Carpenter, M and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {What Is a Group? Young Children's Perceptions of Different
Types of Groups and Group Entitativity.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {11},
Number = {3},
Pages = {e0152001},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152001},
Abstract = {To date, developmental research on groups has focused mainly
on in-group biases and intergroup relations. However, little
is known about children's general understanding of social
groups and their perceptions of different forms of group. In
this study, 5- to 6-year-old children were asked to evaluate
prototypes of four key types of groups: an intimacy group
(friends), a task group (people who are collaborating), a
social category (people who look alike), and a loose
association (people who coincidently meet at a tram stop).
In line with previous work with adults, the vast majority of
children perceived the intimacy group, task group, and
social category, but not the loose association, to possess
entitativity, that is, to be a 'real group.' In addition,
children evaluated group member properties, social
relations, and social obligations differently in each type
of group, demonstrating that young children are able to
distinguish between different types of in-group relations.
The origins of the general group typology used by adults
thus appear early in development. These findings contribute
to our knowledge about children's intuitive understanding of
groups and group members' behavior.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0152001},
Key = {fds351597}
}
@article{fds351598,
Author = {Engelmann, JM and Herrmann, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The effects of being watched on resource acquisition in
chimpanzees and human children.},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {19},
Number = {1},
Pages = {147-151},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-015-0920-y},
Abstract = {Animals react in many different ways to being watched by
others. In the context of cooperation, many theories
emphasize reputational effects: Individuals should cooperate
more if other potential cooperators are watching. In the
context of competition, individuals might want to show off
their strength and prowess if other potential competitors
are watching. In the current study, we observed chimpanzees
and human children in three experimental conditions
involving resource acquisition: Participants were either in
the presence of a passive observer (observed condition), an
active observer who engaged in the same task as the
participant (competition condition), or in the presence of
but not directly observed by a conspecific (mere presence
condition). While both species worked to acquire more
resources in the competition condition, children but not
chimpanzees also worked to acquire more resources in the
observer condition (compared to the mere presence
condition). These results suggest evolutionary continuity
with regard to competition-based observer effects, but an
additional observer effect in young children, potentially
arising from an evolutionary-based concern for cooperative
reputation.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-015-0920-y},
Key = {fds351598}
}
@misc{fds351595,
Author = {Matthews, D and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Grammar},
Pages = {38-50},
Booktitle = {The Curated Reference Collection in Neuroscience and
Biobehavioral Psychology},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780128093245},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809324-5.05819-3},
Abstract = {To acquire competence with a natural language, young
children must master the grammatical constructions of their
language(s). In this article we outline the main theoretical
issues in the field and trace the developmental path
children follow from talking in single-unit
“holophrases” to using complex, abstract constructions.
We describe the development of children’s initial skills
with word order, case marking, and morphology as abstract
elements in early constructions, and we discuss the level of
abstraction characteristic of young children’s grammatical
constructions at different stages of development and in some
different languages of the world. Finally, we consider the
learning processes that enable young children both to
acquire and to abstract across grammatical
constructions.},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-809324-5.05819-3},
Key = {fds351595}
}
@article{fds351599,
Author = {Bohn, M and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Communication about absent entities in great apes and human
infants.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {145},
Pages = {63-72},
Year = {2015},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2015.08.009},
Abstract = {There is currently debate about the extent to which
non-linguistic beings such as human infants and great apes
are capable of absent reference. In a series of experiments
we investigated the flexibility and specificity of great
apes' (N=36) and 12 month-old infants' (N=40) requests for
absent entities. Subjects had the choice between requesting
visible objects directly and using the former location of a
depleted option to request more of these now-absent
entities. Importantly, we systematically varied the quality
of the present and absent options. We found that great apes
as well as human infants flexibly adjusted their requests
for absent entities to these contextual variations and only
requested absent entities when the visible option was of
lower quality than the absent option. These results suggest
that the most basic cognitive capacities for absent
reference do not depend on language and are shared by humans
and their closest living relatives.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2015.08.009},
Key = {fds351599}
}
@article{fds351600,
Author = {Ulber, J and Hamann, K and Tomasello, M},
Title = {How 18- and 24-month-old peers divide resources among
themselves.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {140},
Pages = {228-244},
Year = {2015},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2015.07.009},
Abstract = {Young children are often considered "selfish" with resources
because they are reluctant to give up things already in
their possession (e.g., as in dictator games). In the
current two studies, we presented pairs of 18- and
24-month-old toddlers with various situations involving
resources that no one possessed ahead of time. We observed
very few instances of individuals attempting to monopolize
the resources; rather, the pair peaceably divided them such
that each child got something. Equal divisions--even
involving one child sacrificing his or her own resources to
establish equality-were especially pronounced when children
were acting together jointly even in the absence of active
collaboration. Children's divisions were also influenced by
cues to ownership such as a spatial pre-division of
resources and resources marked by color (and originally
spatially associated with one individual). These results
suggest that young children are not selfish, but instead
rather generous, with resources when they are dividing them
among themselves.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2015.07.009},
Key = {fds351600}
}
@article{fds351601,
Author = {Grocke, P and Rossano, F and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Procedural justice in children: Preschoolers accept unequal
resource distributions if the procedure provides equal
opportunities.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {140},
Pages = {197-210},
Year = {2015},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2015.07.008},
Abstract = {When it is not possible to distribute resources equitably to
everyone, people look for an equitable or just procedure. In
the current study, we investigated young children's sense of
procedural justice. We tested 32 triads of 5-year-olds in a
new resource allocation game. Triads were confronted with
three unequal reward packages and then agreed on a procedure
to allocate them among themselves. To allocate the rewards,
they needed to use a "wheel of fortune." Half of the groups
played with a fair wheel (where each child had an equal
chance of obtaining each reward package), and the other half
played with an unfair wheel. We analyzed children's
interactions when using the wheel and conducted an interview
with each child after the game was over. Children using the
unfair wheel often decided to change the rules of the game,
and they also rated it as an unfair procedure in the
interview. In contrast, children who played with the fair
wheel were mostly accepting of both the outcome and the
procedure. Overall, we found that children as young as
preschool age are already sensitive not only to distributive
justice but to procedural justice as well.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2015.07.008},
Key = {fds351601}
}
@article{fds323261,
Author = {Herrmann, E and Misch, A and Hernandez-Lloreda, V and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Uniquely human self-control begins at school
age.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {18},
Number = {6},
Pages = {979-993},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2015},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/desc.12272},
Abstract = {Human beings have remarkable skills of self-control, but the
evolutionary origins of these skills are unknown. Here we
compare children at 3 and 6 years of age with one of humans'
two nearest relatives, chimpanzees, on a battery of
reactivity and self-control tasks. Three-year-old children
and chimpanzees were very similar in their abilities to
resist an impulse for immediate gratification, repeat a
previously successful action, attend to a distracting noise,
and quit in the face of repeated failure. Six-year-old
children were more skillful than either 3-year-olds or
chimpanzees at controlling their impulses. These results
suggest that humans' most fundamental skills of self-control
- as part of the overall decision-making process - are a
part of their general great ape heritage, and that their
species-unique skills of self-control begin at around the
age at which many children begin formal schooling.},
Doi = {10.1111/desc.12272},
Key = {fds323261}
}
@article{fds351602,
Author = {Butler, LP and Schmidt, MFH and Bürgel, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Young children use pedagogical cues to modulate the strength
of normative inferences.},
Journal = {The British journal of developmental psychology},
Volume = {33},
Number = {4},
Pages = {476-488},
Year = {2015},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12108},
Abstract = {Young children understand pedagogical demonstrations as
conveying generic, kind-relevant information. But, in some
contexts, they also see almost any confident, intentional
action on a novel artefact as normative and thus generic,
regardless of whether this action was pedagogically
demonstrated for them. Thus, although pedagogy may not be
necessary for inferences to the generic, it may nevertheless
be sufficient to produce inductive inferences on which the
child relies more strongly. This study addresses this
tension by bridging the literature on normative reasoning
with that on social learning and inductive inference.
Three-year-old children learned about a novel artefact from
either a pedagogical or non-pedagogical demonstration, and
then, a series of new actors acted on that artefact in novel
ways. Although children protested normatively in both
conditions (e.g., 'No, not like that'), they persisted
longer in enforcing the learned norms in the face of
repeated non-conformity by the new actors. This finding
suggests that not all generic, normative inferences are
created equal, but rather they depend - at least for their
strength - on the nature of the acquisition
process.},
Doi = {10.1111/bjdp.12108},
Key = {fds351602}
}
@article{fds351603,
Author = {Plötner, M and Over, H and Carpenter, M and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {The effects of collaboration and minimal-group membership on
children's prosocial behavior, liking, affiliation, and
trust.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {139},
Pages = {161-173},
Year = {2015},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2015.05.008},
Abstract = {Recent theoretical work has highlighted potential links
between interpersonal collaboration and group membership in
the evolution of human sociality. Here we compared the
effects of collaboration and minimal-group membership on
young children's prosocial behavior (i.e., helping and
resource allocation), liking, affiliation, and trust. In a
design that matched as closely as possible these two ways of
connecting with others, we showed that 5-year-olds' behavior
was affected similarly by collaboration and minimal-group
membership; both increased children's preference for their
partners on multiple dimensions and produced overall effects
of a similar magnitude. In contrast, 3.5-year-olds did not
have a strong preference for either collaborators or minimal
in-group members. Thus, both collaboration and minimal-group
membership are similarly effective in their influence on
children's prosocial behavior and social
preferences.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2015.05.008},
Key = {fds351603}
}
@article{fds361386,
Title = {Michael Tomasello: Award for Distinguished Scientific
Contributions.},
Journal = {The American psychologist},
Volume = {70},
Number = {8},
Pages = {680-682},
Year = {2015},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0039789},
Abstract = {The APA Awards for Distinguished Scientific Contributions
are presented to persons who, in the opinion of the
Committee on Scientific Awards, have made distinguished
theoretical or empirical contributions to basic research in
psychology. One of the 2015 award winners is Michael
Tomasello, who received this award for "outstanding
empirical and theoretical contributions to understanding
what makes the human mind unique. Michael Tomasello's
pioneering research on the origins of social cognition has
led to revolutionary insights in both developmental
psychology and primate cognition." Tomasello's award
citation, biography, and a selected bibliography are
presented here.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0039789},
Key = {fds361386}
}
@article{fds351604,
Author = {Grosse, K and Call, J and Carpenter, M and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Differences in the Ability of Apes and Children to Instruct
Others Using Gestures},
Journal = {Language Learning and Development},
Volume = {11},
Number = {4},
Pages = {310-330},
Year = {2015},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15475441.2014.955246},
Abstract = {In all human cultures, people gesture iconically. However,
the evolutionary basis of iconic gestures is unknown. In
this study, chimpanzees and bonobos, and 2- and 3-year-old
children, learned how to operate two apparatuses to get
rewards. Then, at test, only a human adult had access to the
apparatuses, and participants could instruct her about how
to obtain the rewards. Children frequently produced
appropriate iconic gestures, but with the exception of one
human-raised chimpanzee, great apes did not gesture
iconically. However, chimpanzees pointed to a reward outside
the apparatus in another experimental condition, showing
their motivation and ability to communicate with the human
to request it. They also manipulated a duplicate apparatus
in appropriate ways, though it was unclear if they did this
to communicate with the human. Although great apes may have
some of the prerequisite skills involved, iconic gestures
come naturally to humans in a way that they do not for great
apes.},
Doi = {10.1080/15475441.2014.955246},
Key = {fds351604}
}
@article{fds351605,
Author = {Cameron-Faulkner, T and Theakston, A and Lieven, E and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {The relationship between infant holdout and gives, and
pointing},
Journal = {Infancy},
Volume = {20},
Number = {5},
Pages = {576-586},
Year = {2015},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/infa.12085},
Abstract = {We provide an analysis of holdout and giving (Ho&G)
behaviours in prelinguistic infants and investigate their
relationship with index finger pointing. The frequency of
Ho&Gs at 10 and 11 months along with the length of the
following social interaction correlated with index finger
pointing at 12 months. We conclude that Ho&Gs are a
precursor to index finger pointing and that this provides
support for social-pragmatic approaches to communicative
development.},
Doi = {10.1111/infa.12085},
Key = {fds351605}
}
@article{fds351606,
Author = {Karg, K and Schmelz, M and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Chimpanzees strategically manipulate what others can
see.},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {18},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1069-1076},
Year = {2015},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-015-0875-z},
Abstract = {Humans often strategically manipulate the informational
access of others to their own advantage. Although
chimpanzees know what others can and cannot see, it is
unclear whether they can strategically manipulate others'
visual access. In this study, chimpanzees were given the
opportunity to save food for themselves by concealing it
from a human competitor and also to get more food for
themselves by revealing it to a human cooperator. When
knowing that a competitor was approaching, chimpanzees kept
more food hidden (left it covered) than when expecting a
cooperator to approach. When the experimenter was already at
the location of the hidden food, they actively revealed less
food to the competitor than to the cooperator. They did not
actively hide food (cover up food in the open) from the
competitor, however. Chimpanzees thus strategically
manipulated what another could see in order to maximize
their payoffs and showed their ability to plan for future
situations.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-015-0875-z},
Key = {fds351606}
}
@article{fds351607,
Author = {Schmerse, D and Lieven, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children use shared experience to interpret definite
reference.},
Journal = {Journal of child language},
Volume = {42},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1146-1157},
Year = {2015},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000914000555},
Abstract = {We investigated whether children at the ages of two and
three years understand that a speaker's use of the definite
article specifies a referent that is in common ground
between speaker and listener. An experimenter and a child
engaged in joint actions in which the experimenter chose one
of three similar objects of the same category to perform an
action. In subsequent interactions children were asked to
get 'the X' or 'a X'. When children were instructed with the
definite article they chose the shared object significantly
more often than when they were instructed with the
indefinite article in which case children's choice was at
chance. The findings show that in their third year children
use shared experiences to interpret the speaker's
communicative intention underlying her referential choice.
The results are discussed with respect to children's
representation of linguistic categories and the role of
joint action for establishing common ground.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0305000914000555},
Key = {fds351607}
}
@article{fds359906,
Author = {Grassmann, S and Schulze, C and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Children’s level of word knowledge predicts their
exclusion of familiar objects as referents of novel
words},
Journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
Volume = {6},
Year = {2015},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01200},
Abstract = {When children are learning a novel object label, they tend
to exclude as possible referents familiar objects for which
they already have a name. In the current study, we wanted to
know if children would behave in this same way regardless of
how well they knew the name of potential referent objects,
specifically, whether they could only comprehend it or they
could both comprehend and produce it. Sixty-six monolingual
German-speaking 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old children participated
in two experimental sessions. In one session the familiar
objects were chosen such that their labels were in the
children’s productive vocabularies, and in the other
session the familiar objects were chosen such that their
labels were only in the children’s receptive vocabularies.
Results indicated that children at all three ages were more
likely to exclude a familiar object as the potential
referent of the novel word if they could comprehend and
produce its name rather than comprehend its name only.
Indeed, level of word knowledge as operationalized in this
way was a better predictor than was age. These results are
discussed in the context of current theories of word
learning by exclusion.},
Doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01200},
Key = {fds359906}
}
@article{fds323262,
Author = {Schäfer, M and Haun, DBM and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Fair Is Not Fair Everywhere.},
Journal = {Psychological science},
Volume = {26},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1252-1260},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {2015},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797615586188},
Abstract = {Distributing the spoils of a joint enterprise on the basis
of work contribution or relative productivity seems natural
to the modern Western mind. But such notions of merit-based
distributive justice may be culturally constructed norms
that vary with the social and economic structure of a group.
In the present research, we showed that children from three
different cultures have very different ideas about
distributive justice. Whereas children from a modern Western
society distributed the spoils of a joint enterprise
precisely in proportion to productivity, children from a
gerontocratic pastoralist society in Africa did not take
merit into account at all. Children from a partially
hunter-gatherer, egalitarian African culture distributed the
spoils more equally than did the other two cultures, with
merit playing only a limited role. This pattern of results
suggests that some basic notions of distributive justice are
not universal intuitions of the human species but rather
culturally constructed behavioral norms.},
Doi = {10.1177/0956797615586188},
Key = {fds323262}
}
@article{fds351608,
Author = {Theakston, AL and Ibbotson, P and Freudenthal, D and Lieven, EVM and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Productivity of Noun Slots in Verb Frames.},
Journal = {Cognitive science},
Volume = {39},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1369-1395},
Year = {2015},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12216},
Abstract = {Productivity is a central concept in the study of language
and language acquisition. As a test case for exploring the
notion of productivity, we focus on the noun slots of verb
frames, such as __want__, __see__, and __get__. We develop a
novel combination of measures designed to assess both the
flexibility and creativity of use in these slots. We do so
using a rigorously controlled sample of child speech and
child directed speech from three English-speaking children
between the ages of 2-3 years and their caregivers. We find
different levels of creativity and flexibility between the
adult and child samples for some measures, for some slots,
and for some developmental periods. We discuss these
differences in the context of verb frame semantics,
conventionality versus creativity and child errors, and draw
some tentative conclusions regarding developmental changes
in children's early grammatical representations.},
Doi = {10.1111/cogs.12216},
Key = {fds351608}
}
@article{fds351609,
Author = {Herrmann, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Focusing and shifting attention in human children (Homo
sapiens) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).},
Journal = {Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. :
1983)},
Volume = {129},
Number = {3},
Pages = {268-274},
Year = {2015},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0039384},
Abstract = {Humans often must coordinate co-occurring activities, and
their flexible skills for doing so would seem to be uniquely
powerful. In 2 studies, we compared 4- and 5-year-old
children and one of humans' nearest relatives, chimpanzees,
in their ability to focus and shift their attention when
necessary. The results of Study 1 showed that 4-year-old
children and chimpanzees were very similar in their ability
to monitor two identical devices and to sequentially switch
between the two to collect a reward, and that they were less
successful at doing so than 5-year-old children. In Study 2,
which required subjects to alternate between two different
tasks, one of which had rewards continuously available
whereas the other one only occasionally released rewards, no
species differences were found. These results suggest that
chimpanzees and human children share some fundamental
attentional control skills, but that such abilities continue
to develop during human ontogeny, resulting in the uniquely
human capacity to succeed at complex multitasking.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0039384},
Key = {fds351609}
}
@article{fds359907,
Author = {Hepach, R and Vaish, A and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Novel paradigms to measure variability of behavior in early
childhood: posture, gaze, and pupil dilation},
Journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
Volume = {6},
Year = {2015},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00858},
Abstract = {A central challenge of investigating the underlying
mechanisms of and the individual differences in young
children’s behavior is the measurement of the internal
physiological mechanism and the involved expressive
emotions. Here, we illustrate two paradigms that assess
concurrent indicators of both children’s social perception
as well as their emotional expression. In one set of
studies, children view situations while their eye movements
are mapped onto a live scene. In these studies, children’s
internal arousal is measured via changes in their pupil
dilation by using eye tracking technology. In another set of
studies, we measured children’s emotional expression via
changes in their upper-body posture by using depth sensor
imaging technology. Together, these paradigms can provide
new insights into the internal mechanism and outward
emotional expression involved in young children’s
behavior.},
Doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00858},
Key = {fds359907}
}
@article{fds323263,
Author = {Karg, K and Schmelz, M and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {The goggles experiment: Can chimpanzees use self-experience
to infer what a competitor can see?},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {105},
Pages = {211-221},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2015},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.04.028},
Abstract = {In two experiments, we investigated whether chimpanzees, Pan
troglodytes, can use self-experience to infer what another
sees. Subjects first gained self-experience with the visual
properties of an object (either opaque or see-through). In a
subsequent test phase, a human experimenter interacted with
the object and we tested whether chimpanzees understood that
the experimenter experienced the object as opaque or as
see-through. Crucially, in the test phase, the object seemed
opaque to the subject in all cases (while the experimenter
could see through the one that they had experienced as
see-through before), such that she had to use her previous
self-experience with the object to correctly infer whether
the experimenter could or could not see when looking at the
object. Chimpanzees did not attribute their previous
self-experience with the object to the experimenter in a
gaze-following task (experiment 1); however, they did so
successfully in a competitive context (experiment 2). We
conclude that chimpanzees successfully used their
self-experience to infer what the competitor sees. We
discuss our results in relation to the well-known 'goggles
experiment' and address alternative explanations.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.04.028},
Key = {fds323263}
}
@article{fds351610,
Author = {Köymen, B and Schmidt, MFH and Rost, L and Lieven, E and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Teaching versus enforcing game rules in preschoolers' peer
interactions.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {135},
Pages = {93-101},
Year = {2015},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2015.02.005},
Abstract = {Children use normative language in two key contexts: when
teaching others and when enforcing social norms. We
presented pairs of 3- and 5-year-old peers (N=192) with a
sorting game in two experimental conditions (in addition to
a third baseline condition). In the teaching condition, one
child was knowledgeable, whereas the other child was
ignorant and so in need of instruction. In the enforcement
condition, children learned conflicting rules so that each
child was making mistakes from the other's point of view.
When teaching rules to an ignorant partner, both age groups
used generic normative language ("Bunnies go here"). When
enforcing rules on a rule-breaking partner, 3-year-olds used
normative utterances that were not generic and aimed at
correcting individual behavior ("No, this goes there"),
whereas 5-year-olds again used generic normative language,
perhaps because they discerned that instruction was needed
in this case as well. Young children normatively correct
peers differently depending on their assessment of what
their wayward partners need to bring them back into
line.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2015.02.005},
Key = {fds351610}
}
@article{fds351618,
Author = {Kanngiesser, P and Rossano, F and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Late Emergence of the First Possession Heuristic: Evidence
From a Small-Scale Culture},
Journal = {Child Development},
Volume = {86},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1282-1289},
Year = {2015},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12365},
Abstract = {Western preschool children often assign ownership based on
first possession and some theorists have proposed that this
judgment might be an early emerging, innate bias. Five- to
9-year-olds (n = 112) from a small-scale group in Kenya
(Kikuyu) watched videotaped interactions of two women
passing an object. The object's starting position and the
women's gestures were varied. Use of the first possession
heuristic increased with age, and 8- to 9-year-olds
performed similarly to German 5-year-olds (n = 24). Starting
position and gestures had no effect. A control study
confirmed that 5-year-old Kikuyus (n = 20) understood the
video material. The findings reveal that the first
possession heuristic follows different developmental
trajectories cross-culturally and stress the role of
children's sociocultural environment.},
Doi = {10.1111/cdev.12365},
Key = {fds351618}
}
@article{fds351611,
Author = {Riedl, K and Jensen, K and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Restorative Justice in Children.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {25},
Number = {13},
Pages = {1731-1735},
Year = {2015},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.05.014},
Abstract = {An important, and perhaps uniquely human, mechanism for
maintaining cooperation against free riders is third-party
punishment. Our closest living relatives, chimpanzees, will
not punish third parties even though they will do so when
personally affected. Until recently, little attention has
been paid to how punishment and a sense of justice develop
in children. Children respond to norm violations. They are
more likely to share with a puppet that helped another
individual as opposed to one who behaved harmfully, and they
show a preference for seeing a harmful doll rather than a
victim punished. By 6 years of age, children will pay a cost
to punish fictional and real peers, and the threat of
punishment will lead preschoolers to behave more generously.
However, little is known about what motivates a sense of
justice in children. We gave 3- and 5-year-old children--the
youngest ages yet tested--the opportunity to remove items
and prevent a puppet from gaining a reward for second- and
third-party violations (experiment 1), and we gave
3-year-olds the opportunity to restore items (experiment 2).
Children were as likely to engage in third-party
interventions as they were when personally affected, yet
they did not discriminate among the different sources of
harm for the victim. When given a range of options,
3-year-olds chose restoration over removal. It appears that
a sense of justice centered on harm caused to victims
emerges early in childhood and highlights the value of
third-party interventions for human cooperation.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2015.05.014},
Key = {fds351611}
}
@article{fds323264,
Author = {Grueneisen, S and Wyman, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Children use salience to solve coordination
problems.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {18},
Number = {3},
Pages = {495-501},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2015},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/desc.12224},
Abstract = {Humans are routinely required to coordinate with others.
When communication is not possible, adults often achieve
this by using salient cues in the environment (e.g. going to
the Eiffel Tower, as an obvious meeting point). To explore
the development of this capacity, we presented dyads of 3-,
5-, and 8-year-olds (N = 144) with a coordination problem:
Two balls had to be inserted into the same of four boxes to
obtain a reward. Identical pictures were attached to three
boxes whereas a unique--and thus salient--picture was
attached to the fourth. Children either received one ball
each, and so had to choose the same box (experimental
condition), or they received both balls and could get the
reward independently (control condition). In all cases,
children could neither communicate nor see each other's
choices. Children were significantly more likely to choose
the salient option in the experimental condition than in the
control condition. However, only the two older age groups
chose the salient box above chance levels. This study is the
first to show that children from at least age 5 can solve
coordination problems by converging on a salient
solution.},
Doi = {10.1111/desc.12224},
Key = {fds323264}
}
@article{fds351612,
Author = {Grünloh, T and Lieven, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young Children’s Intonational Marking of New, Given and
Contrastive Referents},
Journal = {Language Learning and Development},
Volume = {11},
Number = {2},
Pages = {95-127},
Year = {2015},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15475441.2014.889530},
Abstract = {In the current study we investigate whether 2- and
3-year-old German children use intonation productively to
mark the informational status of referents. Using a
story-telling task, we compared children’s and adults’
intonational realization via pitch accent (H*, L* and
de-accentuation) of New, Given, and Contrastive referents.
Both children and adults distinguished these elements with
different pitch accents. Adults, however, de-accented Given
information much more often than the children, especially
the younger children. Since a failure to de-accent Given
information may be a characteristic of caregiver speech, in
a second study we tested how caregivers talking to their
young children realize Given and New referents. In this
discourse situation, the caregivers quite often failed to
de-accent Given information, raising the possibility that
the younger children were simply reproducing the pitch
accents they had heard adults using.},
Doi = {10.1080/15475441.2014.889530},
Key = {fds351612}
}
@article{fds351613,
Author = {Plötner, M and Over, H and Carpenter, M and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Young children show the bystander effect in helping
situations.},
Journal = {Psychological science},
Volume = {26},
Number = {4},
Pages = {499-506},
Year = {2015},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797615569579},
Abstract = {Much research in social psychology has shown that otherwise
helpful people often fail to help when bystanders are
present. Research in developmental psychology has shown that
even very young children help and that the presence of
others can actually increase helping in some cases. In the
current study, in contrast, 5-year-old children helped an
experimenter at very high levels when they were alone but
helped significantly less often in the presence of
bystanders who were potentially available to help. In
another condition designed to elucidate the mechanism
underlying the effect, children's helping was not reduced
when bystanders were present but confined behind a barrier
and thus unable to help (a condition that has not been run
in previous studies with adults). Young children thus show
the bystander effect, and it is due not to social
referencing or shyness to act in front of others but,
rather, to a sense of a diffusion of responsibility.},
Doi = {10.1177/0956797615569579},
Key = {fds351613}
}
@article{fds351614,
Author = {Moore, R and Mueller, B and Kaminski, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Two-year-old children but not domestic dogs understand
communicative intentions without language, gestures, or
gaze.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {18},
Number = {2},
Pages = {232-242},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/desc.12206},
Abstract = {Infants can see someone pointing to one of two buckets and
infer that the toy they are seeking is hidden inside. Great
apes do not succeed in this task, but, surprisingly,
domestic dogs do. However, whether children and dogs
understand these communicative acts in the same way is not
yet known. To test this possibility, an experimenter did not
point, look, or extend any part of her body towards either
bucket, but instead lifted and shook one via a centrally
pulled rope. She did this either intentionally or
accidentally, and did or did not address her act to the
subject using ostensive cues. Young 2-year-old children but
not dogs understood the experimenter's act in intentional
conditions. While ostensive pulling of the rope made no
difference to children's success, it actually hindered dogs'
performance. We conclude that while human children may be
capable of inferring communicative intent from a wide
variety actions, so long as these actions are performed
intentionally, dogs are likely to be less flexible in this
respect. Their understanding of communicative intention may
be more dependent upon bodily markers of communicative
intent, including gaze, orientation, extended limbs, and
vocalizations. This may be because humans have come under
selective pressure to develop skills for communicating with
absent interlocutors - where bodily co-presence is not
possible.},
Doi = {10.1111/desc.12206},
Key = {fds351614}
}
@article{fds351615,
Author = {Grueneisen, S and Wyman, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Conforming to coordinate: children use majority information
for peer coordination.},
Journal = {The British journal of developmental psychology},
Volume = {33},
Number = {1},
Pages = {136-147},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12078},
Abstract = {Humans are constantly required to coordinate their behaviour
with others. As this often relies on everyone's convergence
on the same strategy (e.g., driving on the left side of the
road), a common solution is to conform to majority
behaviour. In this study, we presented 5-year-old children
with a coordination problem: To retrieve some rewards, they
had to choose the same of four options as a peer partner--in
reality a stooge--whose decision they were unable to see.
Before making a choice, they watched a video showing how
other children from their partner's peer group had behaved;
a majority chose the same option and a minority chose a
different one. In a control condition, children watched the
same video but could then retrieve the reward irrespective
of their partner's choice (i.e., no coordination was
necessary). Children followed the majority more often when
coordination was required. Moreover, conformers mostly
justified their choices by referring to the majority from
the video demonstration. This study is the first to show
that young children are able to strategically coordinate
decisions with peers by conforming to the
majority.},
Doi = {10.1111/bjdp.12078},
Key = {fds351615}
}
@article{fds351616,
Author = {Schulze, C and Tomasello, M},
Title = {18-month-olds comprehend indirect communicative
acts.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {136},
Pages = {91-98},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2014.11.036},
Abstract = {From soon after their first birthdays young children are
able to make inferences from a communicator's referential
act (e.g., pointing to a container) to her overall social
goal for communication (e.g., to inform that a searched-for
toy is inside; see Behne, Carpenter, & Tomasello, 2005;
Behne, Liszkowski, Carpenter, & Tomasello, 2012). But in
such cases the inferential distance between referential act
and communicative intention is still fairly close, as both
container and searched-for toy lie in the direction of the
pointing gesture. In the current study we tested 18- and
26-month-old children in a situation in which referential
act and communicative goal were more distant: In the midst
of a game, the child needed a certain toy. The experimenter
then held up a key (that they knew in common ground could be
used to open a container) to the child ostensively. In two
control conditions the experimenter either inadvertently
moved the key and so drew the child's attention to it
non-ostensively or else held up the key for her own
inspection intentionally but non-communicatively. Children
of both ages took only the ostensive showing of the key, not
the accidental moving or the non-ostensive but intentional
inspection of the key, as an indirect request to take the
key and open the container to retrieve the toy inside. From
soon after they start acquiring language young children thus
are able to infer a communicator's social goal for
communication not only from directly-referential acts, but
from more indirect communicative acts as
well.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2014.11.036},
Key = {fds351616}
}
@article{fds323266,
Author = {Rossano, F and Fiedler, L and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Preschoolers' understanding of the role of communication and
cooperation in establishing property rights.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {51},
Number = {2},
Pages = {176-184},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {2015},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0038493},
Abstract = {Property as a social "agreement" comprises both a
communicative component, in which someone makes a claim that
she is entitled to some piece of property, and a cooperative
component, in which others in the community respect that
claim as legitimate. In the current study, preschool
children were (a) given the opportunity to mark some objects
as "theirs" (to claim them in the face of other fictitious
children who would supposedly enter the room later); and (b)
confronted with stickers in various spatial arrangements
(e.g., piled up neatly vs. scattered), told that a
fictitious child had previously chosen some for herself but
had to suddenly leave the room, and then invited first to
choose some stickers for themselves and second to identify
which stickers had already been claimed by the fictitious
child. Five-year-olds but not 3-year-olds were skillful in
both of these tasks, demonstrating an understanding of the
crucial role of communication in asserting property claims
and the crucial role of cooperation in respecting
them.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0038493},
Key = {fds323266}
}
@article{fds351617,
Author = {Engelmann, JM and Herrmann, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Chimpanzees trust conspecifics to engage in low-cost
reciprocity.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {282},
Number = {1801},
Pages = {20142803},
Year = {2015},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2803},
Abstract = {Many of humans' most important social interactions rely on
trust, including most notably among strangers. But little is
known about the evolutionary roots of human trust. We
presented chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) with a modified
version of the human trust game--trust in reciprocity--in
which subjects could opt either to obtain a small but safe
reward on their own or else to send a larger reward to a
partner and trust her to reciprocate a part of the reward
that she could not access herself. In a series of three
studies, we found strong evidence that in interacting with a
conspecific, chimpanzees show spontaneous trust in a novel
context; flexibly adjust their level of trust to the
trustworthiness of their partner and develop patterns of
trusting reciprocity over time. At least in some contexts
then, trust in reciprocity is not unique to humans, but
rather has its evolutionary roots in the social interactions
of humans' closest primate relatives.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2014.2803},
Key = {fds351617}
}
@article{fds323265,
Author = {Grueneisen, S and Wyman, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {"I know you don't know I know…" children use second-order
false-belief reasoning for peer coordination.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {86},
Number = {1},
Pages = {287-293},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12264},
Abstract = {Numerous studies have investigated children's abilities to
attribute mental states, but few have examined their ability
to recruit these abilities in social interactions. Here,
6-year-olds (N = 104) were tested on whether they can use
first- and second-order false-belief understanding to
coordinate with peers. Children adjusted their decisions in
a coordination game in response to either their partner's
erroneous belief or their partner's erroneous belief about
their own belief-a result that contrasts with previous
findings on the use of higher order "theory of mind" (TOM)
reasoning at this age. Six-year-olds are thus able to use
their higher order TOM capacities for peer coordination,
which marks an important achievement in becoming competent
social collaborators.},
Doi = {10.1111/cdev.12264},
Key = {fds323265}
}
@article{fds351619,
Author = {Moore, R and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Production and Comprehension of Gestures between Orang-Utans
(Pongo pygmaeus) in a Referential Communication
Game.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {10},
Number = {6},
Pages = {e0129726},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0129726},
Abstract = {Orang-utans played a communication game in two studies
testing their ability to produce and comprehend requestive
pointing. While the 'communicator' could see but not obtain
hidden food, the 'donor' could release the food to the
communicator, but could not see its location for herself.
They could coordinate successfully if the communicator
pointed to the food, and if the donor comprehended his
communicative goal and responded pro-socially. In Study 1,
one orang-utan pointed regularly and accurately for peers.
However, they responded only rarely. In Study 2, a human
experimenter played the communicator's role in three
conditions, testing the apes' comprehension of points of
different heights and different degrees of ostension. There
was no effect of condition. However, across conditions one
donor performed well individually, and as a group
orang-utans' comprehension performance tended towards
significance. We explain this on the grounds that
comprehension required inferences that they found difficult
- but not impossible. The finding has valuable implications
for our thinking about the development of pointing in
phylogeny.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0129726},
Key = {fds351619}
}
@article{fds351620,
Author = {Melis, AP and Floedl, A and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Non-egalitarian allocations among preschool peers in a
face-to-face bargaining task.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {10},
Number = {3},
Pages = {e0120494},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120494},
Abstract = {In face-to-face bargaining tasks human adults almost always
agree on an equal split of resources. This is due to
mutually recognized fairness and equality norms. Early
developmental studies on sharing and equality norms found
that egalitarian allocations of resources are not common
before children are 5 or 6 years old. However, recent
studies have shown that in some face-to face collaborative
situations, or when recipients express their desires,
children at much younger ages choose equal allocations. We
investigated the ability of 3.5 and 5-year-olds to negotiate
face-to-face, whether to collaborate to obtain an equal or
an unequal distribution of rewards. We hypothesized that the
face-to-face interaction and interdependency between
partners would facilitate egalitarian outcomes at both ages.
In the first experiment we found that 5-year-olds were more
egalitarian than 3.5-year-olds, but neither of the age
classes shared equally. In the second experiment, in which
we increased the magnitude of the inequality, we found that
children at both ages mostly agreed on the unequal
distribution. These results show that communication and
face-to-face interactions are not sufficient to guarantee
equal allocations at 3-5 years of age. These results add to
previous findings suggesting that in the context of
non-collaboratively produced resources it is only after 5
years of age that children use equality norms to allocate
resources.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0120494},
Key = {fds351620}
}
@article{fds321684,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Riedl, K and Jensen, K and Call,,
J},
Title = {Restorative justice in young children},
Journal = {Current Biology},
Volume = {25},
Pages = {1-5},
Year = {2015},
Key = {fds321684}
}
@article{fds351621,
Author = {Haun, DBM and Rekers, Y and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Children conform to the behavior of peers; other great apes
stick with what they know.},
Journal = {Psychological science},
Volume = {25},
Number = {12},
Pages = {2160-2167},
Year = {2014},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797614553235},
Abstract = {All primates learn things from conspecifics socially, but it
is not clear whether they conform to the behavior of these
conspecifics--if conformity is defined as overriding
individually acquired behavioral tendencies in order to copy
peers' behavior. In the current study, chimpanzees,
orangutans, and 2-year-old human children individually
acquired a problem-solving strategy. They then watched
several conspecific peers demonstrate an alternative
strategy. The children switched to this new, socially
demonstrated strategy in roughly half of all instances,
whereas the other two great-ape species almost never
adjusted their behavior to the majority's. In a follow-up
study, children switched much more when the peer
demonstrators were still present than when they were absent,
which suggests that their conformity arose at least in part
from social motivations. These results demonstrate an
important difference between the social learning of humans
and great apes, a difference that might help to account for
differences in human and nonhuman cultures.},
Doi = {10.1177/0956797614553235},
Key = {fds351621}
}
@article{fds351622,
Author = {Duguid, S and Wyman, E and Bullinger, AF and Herfurth-Majstorovic, K and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Coordination strategies of chimpanzees and human children in
a Stag Hunt game.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {281},
Number = {1796},
Pages = {20141973},
Year = {2014},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1973},
Abstract = {Much of human cooperation takes place in mutualistic
contexts in which the main challenge for individuals is how
to coordinate decisions. In the current studies, we compared
the abilities of chimpanzees and young children to
coordinate with a partner in two versions of a Stag Hunt
game. When risks were low (the hare was of low value) and
information was cheap (the partner's behaviour was readily
observable), partners of both species were able to
successfully coordinate on the higher value stag more than
90% of the time. By contrast, when the risks were raised and
observing the partner was more difficult, the chimpanzees
became less successful, whereas the children compensated,
and so remained highly successful, by communicating more
often and more specifically. This pattern of results is
consistent with the hypothesis that humans evolved unique
skills of coordination and communication in the context of
especially risky coordination problems.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2014.1973},
Key = {fds351622}
}
@article{fds351623,
Author = {Karg, K and Schmelz, M and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {All great ape species (Gorilla gorilla, Pan paniscus, Pan
troglodytes, Pongo abelii) and two-and-a-half-year-old
children (Homo sapiens) discriminate appearance from
reality.},
Journal = {Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. :
1983)},
Volume = {128},
Number = {4},
Pages = {431-439},
Year = {2014},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0037385},
Abstract = {Nonhuman great apes and human children were tested for an
understanding that appearance does not always correspond to
reality. Subjects were 29 great apes (bonobos [Pan
paniscus], chimpanzees [Pan troglodytes], gorillas [Gorilla
gorilla], and orangutans [Pongo abelii]) and 24 2½-year-old
children. In our task, we occluded portions of 1 large and 1
small food stick such that the size relations seemed
reversed. Subjects could then choose which one they wanted.
There was 1 control condition and 2 experimental conditions
(administered within subjects). In the control condition
subjects saw only the apparent stick sizes, whereas in the 2
experimental conditions they saw the true stick sizes as
well (the difference between them being what the subjects
saw first: the apparent or the real stick sizes). All great
ape species and children successfully identified the bigger
stick, despite its smaller appearance, in the experimental
conditions, but not in the control. We discuss these results
in relation to the understanding of object permanence and
conservation, and exclude reversed reward contingency
learning as an explanation.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0037385},
Key = {fds351623}
}
@article{fds351624,
Author = {Köymen, B and Rosenbaum, L and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Reasoning during joint decision-making by preschool
peers},
Journal = {Cognitive Development},
Volume = {32},
Pages = {74-85},
Year = {2014},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2014.09.001},
Abstract = {Reasoning with a peer to make a joint decision involves
making a proposal (e.g., "Polar bears go here") and
justifying it with relevant facts (e.g., "This is ice")
based on common ground assumptions or warrants (e.g., polar
bears need ice). Twenty-four dyads of 3- and 5-year-olds
built a zoo with toy items that were either conventional
(e.g., animals, cages) or unconventional (e.g., piano). For
conventional items, both participants in both age groups
used justifications that relied on implicit warrants (e.g.,
stating only the fact "This is ice", assuming that both
partners know that polar bears need ice). For unconventional
items, they more often articulated the warrant explicitly,
arguably to create the necessary common ground.
Five-year-olds made warrants explicit more often, produced
more justifications, and reached mutual agreement more often
than did 3-year-olds. These results suggest that
preschoolers can reason with one another appropriately,
specifically in justifying their proposals based on
appropriate common ground assumptions.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogdev.2014.09.001},
Key = {fds351624}
}
@article{fds351625,
Author = {Köymen, B and Schmerse, D and Lieven, E and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Young children create partner-specific referential pacts
with peers.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {50},
Number = {10},
Pages = {2334-2342},
Year = {2014},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0037837},
Abstract = {In 2 studies, we investigated how peers establish a
referential pact to call something, for example, a cushion
versus a pillow (both equally felicitous). In Study 1, pairs
of 4- and 6-year-old German-speaking peers established a
referential pact for an artifact, for example, a woman's
shoe, in a referential communication task. Six-year-olds,
but not 4-year-olds, continued to use these same expressions
with the same partner (even when they were overinformative)
but shifted to simpler expressions, for example, shoe, with
a new partner. In Study 2, both age groups were successful
in establishing such partner-specific referential pacts with
a peer when using a proper name. These results suggest that
even preschool children appreciate something of the
conventional nature of linguistic expressions, with
significant flexibility emerging between ages 4 and
6.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0037837},
Key = {fds351625}
}
@article{fds351626,
Author = {Tennie, C and Walter, V and Gampe, A and Carpenter, M and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Limitations to the cultural ratchet effect in young
children.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {126},
Pages = {152-160},
Year = {2014},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2014.04.006},
Abstract = {Although many animal species show at least some evidence of
cultural transmission, broadly defined, only humans show
clear evidence of cumulative culture. In the current study,
we investigated whether young children show the "ratchet
effect," an important component of cumulative culture--the
ability to accumulate efficient modifications across
generations. We tested 16 diffusion chains--altogether
consisting of 80 children--to see how they solved an
instrumental task (i.e., carrying something from one
location to another). We found that when the chain was
seeded with an inefficient way of solving the task,
4-year-olds were able to innovate and transmit these
innovations so as to reach a more efficient solution.
However, when it started out with relatively efficient
solutions already (i.e., the ones that children in a control
condition discovered for themselves), there were no further
techniques invented and/or transmitted beyond that. Thus,
young children showed the ratchet effect to a limited
extent, accumulating efficient modifications but not going
beyond the inventive level of the individual.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2014.04.006},
Key = {fds351626}
}
@article{fds351627,
Author = {Bullinger, AF and Melis, AP and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) instrumentally help but do not
communicate in a mutualistic cooperative
task.},
Journal = {Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. :
1983)},
Volume = {128},
Number = {3},
Pages = {251-260},
Year = {2014},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0035645},
Abstract = {Chimpanzees cooperate in a variety of contexts, but
communicating to influence and regulate cooperative
activities is rare. It is unclear whether this reflects
chimpanzees' general inability or whether they have found
other means to coordinate cooperative activities. In the
present study chimpanzees could help a partner play her role
in a mutually beneficial food-retrieval task either by
transferring a needed tool (transfer condition) or by
visually or acoustically communicating the hiding-location
of the needed tool (communication condition). Overall,
chimpanzees readily helped their partner by delivering the
needed tool, but none of them communicated the hiding
location of the tool to their partner reliably across
trials. These results demonstrate that although chimpanzees
can coordinate their cooperative activities by
instrumentally helping their partner in her role, they do
not readily use communication with their partner for this
same end.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0035645},
Key = {fds351627}
}
@article{fds351628,
Author = {Behne, T and Carpenter, M and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children create iconic gestures to inform
others.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {50},
Number = {8},
Pages = {2049-2060},
Year = {2014},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0037224},
Abstract = {Much is known about young children's use of deictic gestures
such as pointing. Much less is known about their use of
other types of communicative gestures, especially iconic or
symbolic gestures. In particular, it is unknown whether
children can create iconic gestures on the spot to inform
others. Study 1 provided 27-month-olds with the opportunity
to inform a novice how to perform a task. The majority of
children created appropriate iconic gestures, and they did
so significantly more than in a control condition in which
the need to inform someone was removed. In Study 2, some of
the 21-month-olds tested also created novel iconic gestures
but to a lesser extent. Results are discussed in relation to
children's symbolic, linguistic, and social-cognitive
development.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0037224},
Key = {fds351628}
}
@article{fds351629,
Author = {Austin, K and Theakston, A and Lieven, E and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Young children's understanding of denial.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {50},
Number = {8},
Pages = {2061-2070},
Year = {2014},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0037179},
Abstract = {Although a fair amount is known about young children's
production of negation, little is known about their
comprehension. Here, we focus on arguably the most complex
basic form, denial, and how young children understand
denial, when it is expressed in response to a question with
gesture, single word, or sentence. One hundred twenty-six
children in 3 age groups (Ms = 1 year 9 months, 2 years 0
months, and 2 years 4 months) witnessed an adult look into 1
of 2 buckets and then, in response to a question about
whether the toy was in there, communicate either something
positive (positive head nod, "yes," "it is in this bucket")
or negative (negative head shake, "No," "It's not in this
bucket"). The youngest children did not search differently
in response to any of the communicative cues (nor in
response to an additional cue using both gesture and single
word). Children at 2 years 0 months searched at above-chance
levels only in response to the negative word and negative
sentence. Children at 2 years 4 months were successful with
all 3 types of cues in both positive and negative
modalities, with the exception of the positive sentence.
Young children thus seem to understand the denial of a
statement before they understand its affirmation, and they
understand linguistic means of expressing denial before they
understand gestural means.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0037179},
Key = {fds351629}
}
@article{fds351630,
Author = {Moné, Y and Monnin, D and Kremer, N},
Title = {The oxidative environment: a mediator of interspecies
communication that drives symbiosis evolution.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {281},
Number = {1785},
Pages = {20133112},
Year = {2014},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.3112},
Abstract = {Symbiotic interactions are ubiquitous in nature and play a
major role in driving the evolution of life. Interactions
between partners are often mediated by shared signalling
pathways, which strongly influence both partners' biology
and the evolution of the association in various
environments. As an example of 'common language', the
regulation of the oxidative environment plays an important
role in driving the evolution of symbiotic associations.
Such processes have been occurring for billions of years,
including the increase in Earth's atmospheric oxygen and the
subsequent evolution of mitochondria. The effect of reactive
oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (RONS) has been
characterized functionally, but the molecular dialogue
between partners has not been integrated within a broader
evolutionary context yet. Given the pleiotropic role of RONS
in cell-cell communication, development and immunity, but
also their associated physiological costs, we discuss here
how their regulation can influence the establishment, the
maintenance and the breakdown of various symbiotic
associations. By synthesizing recent developments in redox
biology, we aim to provide an interdisciplinary
understanding of the influence of such mediators of
interspecies communication on the evolution and stability of
symbioses, which in turn can shape ecosystems and play a
role in health and disease.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2013.3112},
Key = {fds351630}
}
@article{fds351631,
Author = {Köymen, B and Lieven, E and Engemann, DA and Rakoczy, H and Warneken,
F and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Children's norm enforcement in their interactions with
peers.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {85},
Number = {3},
Pages = {1108-1122},
Year = {2014},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12178},
Abstract = {This study investigates how children negotiate social norms
with peers. In Study 1, 48 pairs of 3- and 5-year-olds (N =
96) and in Study 2, 48 pairs of 5- and 7-year-olds (N = 96)
were presented with sorting tasks with conflicting
instructions (one child by color, the other by shape) or
identical instructions. Three-year-olds differed from older
children: They were less selective for the contexts in which
they enforced norms, and they (as well as the older children
to a lesser extent) used grammatical constructions
objectifying the norms ("It works like this" rather than
"You must do it like this"). These results suggested that
children's understanding of social norms becomes more
flexible during the preschool years.},
Doi = {10.1111/cdev.12178},
Key = {fds351631}
}
@article{fds351632,
Author = {Ibbotson, P and Lieven, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The communicative contexts of grammatical aspect use in
English.},
Journal = {Journal of child language},
Volume = {41},
Number = {3},
Pages = {705-723},
Year = {2014},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000913000135},
Abstract = {In many of the world's languages grammatical aspect is used
to indicate how events unfold over time. In English,
activities that are ongoing can be distinguished from those
that are completed using the morphological marker -ing.
Using naturalistic observations of two children in their
third year of life, we quantify the availability and
reliability of the imperfective form in the communicative
context of the child performing actions. On average, 30% of
verbal descriptions refer to child actions that are grounded
in the here-and-now. Of these utterances, there are two
features of the communicative context that reliably map onto
the functions of the imperfective, namely, that events are
construed as ongoing and from within. The findings are
discussed with reference to how the context in which a child
hears aspectual language may limit the degrees of freedom on
what these constructions mean.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0305000913000135},
Key = {fds351632}
}
@article{fds320792,
Author = {Wobber, V and Herrmann, E and Hare, B and Wrangham, R and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Differences in the early cognitive development of children
and great apes.},
Journal = {Developmental psychobiology},
Volume = {56},
Number = {3},
Pages = {547-573},
Year = {2014},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dev.21125},
Abstract = {There is very little research comparing great ape and human
cognition developmentally. In the current studies we
compared a cross-sectional sample of 2- to 4-year-old human
children (n=48) with a large sample of chimpanzees and
bonobos in the same age range (n=42, hereafter: apes) on a
broad array of cognitive tasks. We then followed a group of
juvenile apes (n=44) longitudinally over 3 years to track
their cognitive development in greater detail. In skills of
physical cognition (space, causality, quantities), children
and apes performed comparably at 2 years of age, but by 4
years of age children were more advanced (whereas apes
stayed at their 2-year-old performance levels). In skills of
social cognition (communication, social learning, theory of
mind), children out-performed apes already at 2 years, and
increased this difference even more by 4 years. Patterns of
development differed more between children and apes in the
social domain than the physical domain, with support for
these patterns present in both the cross-sectional and
longitudinal ape data sets. These results indicate key
differences in the pattern and pace of cognitive development
between humans and other apes, particularly in the early
emergence of specific social cognitive capacities in
humans.},
Doi = {10.1002/dev.21125},
Key = {fds320792}
}
@article{fds351633,
Author = {van der Goot, MH and Tomasello, M and Liszkowski,
U},
Title = {Differences in the nonverbal requests of great apes and
human infants.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {85},
Number = {2},
Pages = {444-455},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12141},
Abstract = {This study investigated how great apes and human infants use
imperative pointing to request objects. In a series of three
experiments (infants, N = 44; apes, N = 12), subjects were
given the opportunity to either point to a desired object
from a distance or else to approach closer and request it
proximally. The apes always approached close to the object,
signaling their request through instrumental actions. In
contrast, the infants quite often stayed at a distance,
directing the experimenters' attention to the desired object
through index-finger pointing, even when the object was in
the open and they could obtain it by themselves. Findings
distinguish 12-month-olds' imperative pointing from
ontogenetic and phylogenetic earlier forms of ritualized
reaching.},
Doi = {10.1111/cdev.12141},
Key = {fds351633}
}
@article{fds351634,
Author = {Buttelmann, D and Over, H and Carpenter, M and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Eighteen-month-olds understand false beliefs in an
unexpected-contents task.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {119},
Pages = {120-126},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2013.10.002},
Abstract = {Recent studies suggest that infants understand that others
can have false beliefs. However, most of these studies have
used looking time measures, and the few that have used
behavioral measures are all based on the change-of-location
paradigm, leading to claims that infants might use
behavioral rules instead of mental state understanding to
pass these tests. We investigated infants' false-belief
reasoning using a different paradigm. In this
unexpected-contents helping task, 18-month-olds were
familiarized with boxes for blocks that contained blocks.
When an experimenter subsequently reached for a box for
blocks that now contained a spoon, infants based their
choice of whether to give her a spoon or a block on her true
or false belief about which object the block box contained.
These results help to demonstrate the flexibility of
infants' false-belief understanding.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2013.10.002},
Key = {fds351634}
}
@book{fds321686,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {A Natural History of Human Thinking},
Pages = {1-192},
Publisher = {Harvard University Press},
Year = {2014},
Month = {February},
ISBN = {9780674724778},
Abstract = {Tool-making or culture, language or religious belief: ever
since Darwin, thinkers have struggled to identify what
fundamentally differentiates human beings from other
animals. In this much-anticipated book, Michael Tomasello
weaves his twenty years of comparative studies of humans and
great apes into a compelling argument that cooperative
social interaction is the key to our cognitive uniqueness.
Once our ancestors learned to put their heads together with
others to pursue shared goals, humankind was on an
evolutionary path all its own. Tomasello argues that our
prehuman ancestors, like today’s great apes, were social
beings who could solve problems by thinking. But they were
almost entirely competitive, aiming only at their individual
goals. As ecological changes forced them into more
cooperative living arrangements, early humans had to
coordinate their actions and communicate their thoughts with
collaborative partners. Tomasello’s “shared
intentionality hypothesis” captures how these more
socially complex forms of life led to more conceptually
complex forms of thinking. In order to survive, humans had
to learn to see the world from multiple social perspectives,
to draw socially recursive inferences, and to monitor their
own thinking via the normative standards of the group. Even
language and culture arose from the preexisting need to work
together. What differentiates us most from other great apes,
Tomasello proposes, are the new forms of thinking engendered
by our new forms of collaborative and communicative
interaction. A Natural History of Human Thinking is the most
detailed scientific analysis to date of the connection
between human sociality and cognition.},
Key = {fds321686}
}
@article{fds351635,
Author = {Schmerse, D and Lieven, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Discourse particles and belief reasoning: The case of German
doch},
Journal = {Journal of Semantics},
Volume = {31},
Number = {1},
Pages = {115-133},
Year = {2014},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jos/fft001},
Abstract = {Discourse particles typically express the attitudes of
interlocutors with respect to the propositional content of
an utterance - for example, marking whether or not a speaker
believes the content of the proposition that she uttered. In
German, the particle doch - which has no direct English
translation - is commonly used to correct a belief that is
thought to be common ground among those present. We asked
whether German adults and 5-year-olds are able to infer that
a speaker who utters doch intends to be understood in this
way. Sixty-four children (4;9-5;3 years) and twenty-four
adults participated in a comprehension task in which a
speaker explicitly expressed either a positive belief or a
negative belief. Subsequently, in both conditions, the
speaker checked the truth of her previous belief and
corrected her belief with doch. In both the group of adults
and the group of children, polarity of the speaker's belief
affected hearers' interpretations of the speaker's
utterance. In a third condition we investigated whether
participants could also perform the more difficult task of
interpreting the speaker's utterance with doch while
inferring the speaker's belief. Whereas adults showed a
similar performance as in the explicit belief conditions,
children showed limited abilities in keeping track of the
speaker's belief. © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford
University Press. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1093/jos/fft001},
Key = {fds351635}
}
@article{fds351636,
Author = {Liebal, K and Vaish, A and Haun, D and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Correction: Does sympathy motivate prosocial behaviour in
great apes? (PLoS ONE)},
Journal = {PLoS ONE},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/annotation/1fe9c2b8-84dd-44c4-a4ba-b62e0460b513},
Doi = {10.1371/annotation/1fe9c2b8-84dd-44c4-a4ba-b62e0460b513},
Key = {fds351636}
}
@book{fds351638,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Introduction to the classic edition},
Pages = {vii-xiii},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9781848725911},
Key = {fds351638}
}
@book{fds351639,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Introduction: A cognitive-functional perspective on
language structure},
Pages = {xiv-xxix},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9781848725911},
Key = {fds351639}
}
@book{fds351640,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {The new psychology of language: Cognitive and functional
approaches to language structure, volume ii classic
edition},
Pages = {1-278},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9781848725935},
Abstract = {From the point of view of psychology and cognitive science,
much of modern linguistics is too formal and mathematical to
be of much use. The New Psychology of Language volumes broke
new ground by introducing functional and cognitive
approaches to language structure in terms already familiar
to psychologists, thus defining the next era in the
scientific study of language. The Classic Edition volumes
re-introduce some of the most important cognitive and
functional linguists working in the field. They include a
new introduction by Michael Tomasello in which he reviews
what has changed since the volumes were first published and
highlights the fundamental insights of the original authors.
The New Psychology of Language volumes are a must-read for
anyone interested in understanding how cognitive and
functional linguistics has become the thriving perspective
on the scientific study of language that it is
today.},
Key = {fds351640}
}
@book{fds351641,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Introduction to the classic edition},
Pages = {vii-xiii},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9781848725935},
Key = {fds351641}
}
@book{fds351642,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {The new psychology of language: Cognitive and functional
approaches to language structure, volume I classic
edition},
Pages = {1-268},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9781848725911},
Abstract = {From the point of view of psychology and cognitive science,
much of modern linguistics is too formal and mathematical to
be of much use. The New Psychology of Language volumes broke
new ground by introducing functional and cognitive
approaches to language structure in terms already familiar
to psychologists, thus defining the next era in the
scientific study of language. The Classic Edition volumes
re-introduce some of the most important cognitive and
functional linguists working in the field. They include a
new introduction by Michael Tomasello in which he reviews
what has changed since the volumes first published and
highlights the fundamental insights of the original authors.
The New Psychology of Language volumes are a must-read for
anyone interested in understanding how cognitive and
functional linguistics has become the thriving perspective
on the scientific study of language that it is
today.},
Key = {fds351642}
}
@book{fds351643,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Introduction: Some surprises for psychologists},
Pages = {1-14},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9781848725935},
Key = {fds351643}
}
@article{fds321685,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {The ultra-social animal},
Journal = {European Journal of Social Psychology},
Volume = {44},
Number = {3},
Pages = {187-194},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2015},
Abstract = {In evolutionary perspective, what is most remarkable about
human sociality is its many and diverse forms of
cooperation. Here, I provide an overview of some recent
research, mostly from our laboratory, comparing human
children with their nearest living relatives, the great
apes, in various tests of collaboration, prosocial behavior,
conformity, and group-mindedness (e.g., following and
enforcing social norms). This is done in the context of a
hypothetical evolutionary scenario comprising two ordered
steps: a first step in which early humans began
collaborating with others in unique ways in their everyday
foraging and a second step in which modern humans began
forming cultural groups. Humans' unique forms of sociality
help to explain their unique forms of cognition and
morality. © 2014.},
Doi = {10.1002/ejsp.2015},
Key = {fds321685}
}
@article{fds351637,
Author = {Liebal, K and Vaish, A and Haun, D and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Does sympathy motivate prosocial behaviour in great
apes?},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e84299},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084299},
Abstract = {Prosocial behaviours such as helping, comforting, or sharing
are central to human social life. Because they emerge early
in ontogeny, it has been proposed that humans are prosocial
by nature and that from early on empathy and sympathy
motivate such behaviours. The emerging question is whether
humans share these abilities to feel with and for someone
with our closest relatives, the great apes. Although several
studies demonstrated that great apes help others, little is
known about their underlying motivations. This study
addresses this issue and investigates whether four species
of great apes (Pongo pygmaeus, Gorilla gorilla, Pan
troglodytes, Pan paniscus) help a conspecific more after
observing the conspecific being harmed (a human experimenter
steals the conspecific's food) compared to a condition where
no harming occurred. Results showed that in regard to the
occurrence of prosocial behaviours, only orangutans, but not
the African great apes, help others when help is needed,
contrasting prior findings on chimpanzees. However, with the
exception of one population of orangutans that helped
significantly more after a conspecific was harmed than when
no harm occurred, prosocial behaviour in great apes was not
motivated by concern for others.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0084299},
Key = {fds351637}
}
@article{fds351644,
Author = {Nitzschner, M and Kaminski, J and Melis, A and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Side matters: Potential mechanisms underlying dogs'
performance in a social eavesdropping paradigm},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {90},
Pages = {263-271},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.01.035},
Abstract = {Social eavesdropping is the gathering of information by
observing interactions between other individuals. Previous
studies have claimed that dogs, Canis familiaris, are able
to use information obtained via social eavesdropping, that
is, preferring a generous over a selfish human donor.
However, in these studies the side was constant between the
demonstrations and the dogs' choices, not controlling for
potential location biases. In the crucial control condition
of our experiments, the donors swapped places in half of the
trials before the dogs chose. We found that first choice
behaviour as well as the time dogs interacted with the
generous donor were influenced by location (side). In a
second experiment the subject's owner interacted with the
two donors. Again, the result of the side control revealed
that the critical factor was location (side) not person. The
results of these experiments provide no evidence for social
eavesdropping in dogs and show the importance of critical
control conditions. © 2014 The Association for the Study of
Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.01.035},
Key = {fds351644}
}
@article{fds351645,
Author = {Vogelsang, M and Jensen, K and Kirschner, S and Tennie, C and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Preschoolers are sensitive to free riding in a public goods
game},
Journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
Volume = {5},
Number = {JUL},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00729},
Abstract = {Despite the benefits of cooperation, selfish individuals
often produce outcomes where everyone is worse off. This
"tragedy of the commons" has been demonstrated
experimentally in adults with the public goods game.
Contributions to a public good decline over time due to
free-riders who keep their endowments. Little is known about
how children behave when confronted with this social
dilemma. Forty-eight preschoolers were tested using a novel
non-verbal procedure and simplified choices more appropriate
to their age than standard economic approaches. The rate of
cooperation was initially very low and rose in the second
round for the girls only. Children were affected by their
previous outcome, as they free rode more after experiencing
a lower outcome compared to the other group members. © 2014
Vogelsang, Jensen, Kirschner, Tennie and
Tomasello.},
Doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00729},
Key = {fds351645}
}
@article{fds351646,
Author = {Warneken, F and Steinwender, J and Hamann, K and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Young children's planning in a collaborative problem-solving
task},
Journal = {Cognitive Development},
Volume = {31},
Number = {1},
Pages = {48-58},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2014.02.003},
Abstract = {One important component of collaborative problem solving is
the ability to plan one's own action in relation to that of
a partner. We presented 3- and 5-year-old peer pairs with
two different tool choice situations in which they had to
choose complementary tools with which to subsequently work
on a collaborative problem-solving apparatus. In the
bidirectional condition, exemplars of the two necessary
tools appeared in front of each child. In the unidirectional
condition, one child had to choose between two different
tools first, while the other child had only one tool
available. Thus, both conditions required close attention to
the actions of the partner, but the unidirectional condition
additionally required the anticipation of the partner's
constrained tool choice. Five-year-olds were proficient
planners in both conditions, whereas 3-year-olds did not
consistently make the correct choice. However, 3-year-olds
who had first experienced the unidirectional condition chose
the correct tool at an above-chance level. Moreover,
communication during the tool choice led to greater success
among 3-year-olds, but not among 5-year-olds. These results
provide the first experimental evidence that between 3 and 5
years of age children develop the ability to plan the
division of labor in a collaborative task. We discuss our
findings regarding planning for a collaborative task in
relation to prior research on planning abilities for
individual problem-solving that appear to undergo
developmental change between 3 and 5 years of age. © 2014
Elsevier Inc.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogdev.2014.02.003},
Key = {fds351646}
}
@article{fds351647,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Carpenter, M},
Title = {Dueling dualists : Commentary on carpendale, atwood, and
kettner},
Journal = {Human Development},
Volume = {56},
Number = {6},
Pages = {401-405},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000357237},
Doi = {10.1159/000357237},
Key = {fds351647}
}
@article{fds351648,
Author = {Göckeritz, S and Schmidt, MFH and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children's creation and transmission of social
norms},
Journal = {Cognitive Development},
Volume = {30},
Number = {1},
Pages = {81-95},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2014.01.003},
Abstract = {Children's lives are governed by social norms. Since Piaget,
however, it has been assumed that they understand very
little about how norms work. Recent studies in which
children enforce social norms indicate a richer
understanding, but children are still relating to
pre-existing adult norms. In this study, triads of
5-year-olds worked on an instrumental task without adult
guidance. Children spontaneously created social norms
regarding how the game "should" be played. They transmitted
these with special force (using more generic and objective
language) to novices, suggesting that young children
understand to some degree, the conventional nature and
special force of social norms in binding all who would
participate. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogdev.2014.01.003},
Key = {fds351648}
}
@article{fds351649,
Author = {Moll, H and Carpenter, M and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Two- and 3-Year-Olds Know What Others Have and Have Not
Heard},
Journal = {Journal of Cognition and Development},
Volume = {15},
Number = {1},
Pages = {12-21},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2012.710865},
Abstract = {Recent studies have established that even infants can
determine what others know based on previous visual
experience. In the current study, we investigated whether 2-
and 3-year-olds know what others know based on previous
auditory experience. A child and an adult heard the sound of
one object together, but only the child heard the sound of
another (target) object. When later the sounds of both
objects were played simultaneously, the adult reacted with
surprise and excitement ("Oh, listen, what is that?"). In
response, both 24- and 36-month-olds directed the adult's
attention to the target more often than chance and more
often than in a control condition in which the adult had
heard neither sound. These results indicate that by 24
months of age, children's understanding of others' knowledge
and ignorance is not limited to the visual domain but
extends across perceptual domains. © 2014 Taylor and
Francis Group, LLC.},
Doi = {10.1080/15248372.2012.710865},
Key = {fds351649}
}
@article{fds351650,
Author = {Hertel, A and Kaminski, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Generalize or personalize--do dogs transfer an acquired rule
to novel situations and persons?},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {9},
Number = {7},
Pages = {e102666},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102666},
Abstract = {Recent studies have raised the question of whether dogs,
like human infants, comprehend an established rule as
generalizable, normative knowledge or rather as episodic
information, existing only in the immediate situation. In
the current study we tested whether dogs disobeyed a
prohibition to take a treat (i) in the presence of the
communicator of the ban, (ii) after a temporary absence of
the communicator, and (iii) in the presence of a novel
person. Dogs disobeyed the rule significantly more often
when the communicator left the room for a moment or when
they were faced with a new person, than when she stayed
present in the room. These results indicate that dogs
"forget" a rule as soon as the immediate human context
becomes disrupted.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0102666},
Key = {fds351650}
}
@article{fds351651,
Author = {Tempelmann, S and Kaminski, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Do domestic dogs learn words based on humans' referential
behaviour?},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {9},
Number = {3},
Pages = {e91014},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091014},
Abstract = {Some domestic dogs learn to comprehend human words, although
the nature and basis of this learning is unknown. In the
studies presented here we investigated whether dogs learn
words through an understanding of referential actions by
humans rather than simple association. In three studies,
each modelled on a study conducted with human infants, we
confronted four word-experienced dogs with situations
involving no spatial-temporal contiguity between the word
and the referent; the only available cues were referential
actions displaced in time from exposure to their referents.
We found that no dogs were able to reliably link an object
with a label based on social-pragmatic cues alone in all the
tests. However, one dog did show skills in some tests,
possibly indicating an ability to learn based on
social-pragmatic cues.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0091014},
Key = {fds351651}
}
@article{fds351652,
Author = {Dittmar, M and Abbot-Smith, K and Lieven, E and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Familiar verbs are not always easier than novel verbs: how
German pre-school children comprehend active and passive
sentences.},
Journal = {Cognitive science},
Volume = {38},
Number = {1},
Pages = {128-151},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12066},
Abstract = {Many studies show a developmental advantage for transitive
sentences with familiar verbs over those with novel verbs.
It might be that once familiar verbs become entrenched in
particular constructions, they would be more difficult to
understand (than would novel verbs) in non-prototypical
constructions. We provide support for this hypothesis
investigating German children using a forced-choice pointing
paradigm with reversed agent-patient roles. We tested active
transitive verbs in study 1. The 2-year olds were better
with familiar than novel verbs, while the 2½-year olds
pointed correctly for both. In study 2, we tested passives:
2½-year olds were significantly below chance for familiar
verbs and at chance for novel verbs, supporting the
hypothesis that the entrenchment of the familiar verbs in
the active transitive voice was interfering with
interpreting them in the passive voice construction. The
3½-year olds were also at chance for novel verbs but above
chance with familiar verbs. We interpret this as reflecting
a lessening of the verb-in-construction entrenchment as the
child develops knowledge that particular verbs can occur in
a range of constructions. The 4½-year olds were above
chance for both familiar and novel verbs. We discuss our
findings in terms of the relative entrenchment of lexical
and syntactic information and to interference between
them.},
Doi = {10.1111/cogs.12066},
Key = {fds351652}
}
@article{fds351653,
Author = {Hamann, K and Bender, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Meritocratic sharing is based on collaboration in
3-year-olds.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {50},
Number = {1},
Pages = {121-128},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0032965},
Abstract = {The present study investigated young preschoolers'
proportional allocation of rewards in 2 different work
contexts. We presented 32 pairs of 3.5-year-old peers with a
collaborative task to obtain rewards by pulling ropes. In
order to establish differences in work input, 1 child's rope
was not immediately accessible but had to be retrieved from
the apparatus by means of a specific tool, while the other
child had no such additional work to do. The result of the
game was that 1 individual received 1 toy and the other
received 3 toys. In the Deserving condition, the working
child received the 3 toys (thus work and reward matched),
whereas in the Undeserving condition, the other child
received the 3 toys (he or she was overpaid, and the working
child was underpaid). Another 32 dyads participated in a
noncollaborative, parallel work task, again in a Deserving
condition and an Undeserving condition. On average, children
with 3 toys shared with their partner more in the
Undeserving condition than in the Deserving condition after
collaboration but not in a parallel work setup. These
results suggest that young children take merit into account
in distributing resources at a much younger age than
previously believed and that peer collaboration is an
especially facilitative context for children's attention to
norms of fairness.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0032965},
Key = {fds351653}
}
@article{fds351654,
Author = {Bannard, C and Klinger, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {How selective are 3-year-olds in imitating novel linguistic
material?},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {49},
Number = {12},
Pages = {2344-2356},
Year = {2013},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0032062},
Abstract = {In 3 studies we explored when 3-year-olds would imitate
novel words in utterances produced by adult speakers. Child
and experimenter took turns in requesting objects from a
game master. The experimenter always went first and always
preceded the object's familiar name with a novel adjective
(e.g., "the dilsige duck"). In the first 2 experiments, we
found that children were more likely to reproduce the
adjective when there were 2 different instances of the same
object present in the situation than when there was only 1
or when there were 2 objects of different types present.
Thus, children seemed to be sensitive to the descriptive and
contrastive function of the adjectives in determining which
parts of the utterances to reproduce. Nonetheless,
replication of even redundant material was over 50%,
suggesting a strategy of somewhat blind copying. In the 3rd
experiment, we found that children were less likely to
reproduce a redundant adjective when the speaker indicated
gesturally that he did not intend to produce it than when he
clearly produced it intentionally. We distinguish insightful
imitation (the copying of a speaker's goal and means when
motivated by insight into why those particular means were
chosen) and blind imitation (the copying of a speaker's goal
and means with no awareness of why those specific means were
chosen) from mimicry. We explore the roles that these modes
of imitation might play in language development.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0032062},
Key = {fds351654}
}
@article{fds351655,
Author = {Schmidt, MFH and Rakoczy, H and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children understand and defend the entitlements of
others.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {116},
Number = {4},
Pages = {930-944},
Year = {2013},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2013.06.013},
Abstract = {Human social life is structured by social norms creating
both obligations and entitlements. Recent research has found
that young children enforce simple obligations against norm
violators by protesting. It is not known, however, whether
they understand entitlements in the sense that they will
actively object to a second party attempting to interfere in
something that a third party is entitled to do-what we call
counter-protest. In two studies, we found that 3-year-old
children understand when a person is entitled to do
something, and so they actively defend this person's
entitlement against unjustified interference from second
parties. In some cases, they even enforce second-order
entitlements, for example, in the case of ownership where an
owner is entitled to entitle others to use the owner's
property.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2013.06.013},
Key = {fds351655}
}
@article{fds320793,
Author = {Grosse, G and Scott-Phillips, TC and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Three-year-olds hide their communicative intentions in
appropriate contexts.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {49},
Number = {11},
Pages = {2095-2101},
Year = {2013},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0032017},
Abstract = {Human cooperative communication involves both an informative
intention that the recipient understands the content of the
signal and also a (Gricean) communicative intention that the
recipient recognizes that the speaker has an informative
intention. The degree to which children understand this
2-layered nature of communication is the subject of some
debate. One phenomenon that would seem to constitute clear
evidence of such understanding is hidden authorship, in
which informative acts are produced but with the
communicative intent behind them intentionally hidden. In
this study, 3- and 5-year-old children were told that an
adult was seeking a toy but wanted to find it on her own.
Children of both ages often did something to make the toy
easier for the adult to see while at the same time
concealing their actions in some way. This suggests that by
the age of 3, children are able to separate the multiple
layers of intentionality involved in human cooperative
communication.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0032017},
Key = {fds320793}
}
@article{fds351656,
Author = {Schulze, C and Grassmann, S and Tomasello, M},
Title = {3-year-old children make relevance inferences in indirect
verbal communication.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {84},
Number = {6},
Pages = {2079-2093},
Year = {2013},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12093},
Abstract = {Three studies investigated 3-year-old children's ability to
determine a speaker's communicative intent when the
speaker's overt utterance related to that intent only
indirectly. Studies 1 and 2 examined children's
comprehension of indirectly stated requests (e.g., "I find
Xs good" can imply, in context, a request for X; N = 32).
Study 3 investigated 3- and 4-year-old children's and
adults' (N = 52) comprehension of the implications of a
speaker responding to an offer by mentioning an action's
fulfilled or unfulfilled precondition (e.g., responding to
an offer of cereal by stating that we have no milk implies
rejection of the cereal). In all studies, 3-year-old
children were able to make the relevance inference necessary
to integrate utterances meaningfully into the ongoing
context.},
Doi = {10.1111/cdev.12093},
Key = {fds351656}
}
@article{fds351657,
Author = {Engelmann, JM and Over, H and Herrmann, E and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Young children care more about their reputation with ingroup
members and potential reciprocators.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {16},
Number = {6},
Pages = {952-958},
Year = {2013},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/desc.12086},
Abstract = {Human cooperation depends on individuals caring about their
reputation, and so they sometimes attempt to manage them
strategically. Here we show that even 5-year-old children
strategically manage their reputation. In an experimental
setting, children shared significantly more resources with
an anonymous recipient when (1) the child watching them
could reciprocate later, and (2) the child watching them was
an ingroup rather than an outgroup member (as established by
minimal group markers). This study is not only the first to
show that young children selectively invest in their
reputation with specific individuals, but also the first to
show that we care more about our reputation with ingroup
than with outgroup members.},
Doi = {10.1111/desc.12086},
Key = {fds351657}
}
@article{fds351658,
Author = {Buttelmann, D and Carpenter, M and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, recognize successful actions,
but fail toimitate them},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {86},
Number = {4},
Pages = {755-761},
Year = {2013},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.07.015},
Abstract = {Cultural transmission, by definition, involves some form of
social learning. Chimpanzees and other nonhuman primates
clearly engage in some forms of social learning enabling
some types of cultural transmission, but there is
controversy about whether they copy the actual bodily
actions of demonstrators. In this study chimpanzees
recognized when a human actor was using particular bodily
actions that had led to successful problem solving in the
past. But then when it was their turn to solve the problem,
they did not reproduce the human actor's bodily actions
themselves, even though they were clearly capable of
producing the movements. These results help us identify more
precisely key reasons for the differences in the social
learning and cultural transmission of humans and other
primates. © 2013 The Association for the Study of Animal
Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.07.015},
Key = {fds351658}
}
@article{fds351659,
Author = {Wittig, M and Jensen, K and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Five-year-olds understand fair as equal in a mini-ultimatum
game.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {116},
Number = {2},
Pages = {324-337},
Year = {2013},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2013.06.004},
Abstract = {In studies of children's resource distribution, it is almost
always the case that "fair" means an equal amount for all.
In the mini-ultimatum game, players are confronted with
situations in which fair does not always mean equal, and so
the recipient of an offer needs to take into account the
alternatives the proposer had available to her or him.
Because of its forced-choice design, the mini-ultimatum game
measures sensitivity to unfair intentions in addition to
unfair outcomes. In the current study, we gave a
mini-ultimatum game to 5-year-old children, allowing us to
determine the nature of fairness sensitivity at a period
after false belief awareness is typically passed and before
formal schooling begins. The only situation in which
responders rejected offers was when the proposer could have
made an equal offer. But unlike adults, they did not employ
more sophisticated notions of fairness that take into
account the choices facing the proposer. Proposers, in their
turn, were also not adult-like in that they had a very poor
understanding that responders would reject unequal offers
when an equal one was available. Thus, preschool children
seem to understand "fair=equal" in this task, but not much
more, and they are not yet skillful at anticipating what
others will find fair beyond 50/50 splits.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2013.06.004},
Key = {fds351659}
}
@article{fds351660,
Author = {Warneken, F and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The emergence of contingent reciprocity in young
children.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {116},
Number = {2},
Pages = {338-350},
Year = {2013},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2013.06.002},
Abstract = {Contingent reciprocity is important in theories of the
evolution of human cooperation, but it has been very little
studied in ontogeny. We gave 2- and 3-year-old children the
opportunity to either help or share with a partner after
that partner either had or had not previously helped or
shared with the children. Previous helping did not influence
children's helping. In contrast, previous sharing by the
partner led to greater sharing in 3-year-olds but not in
2-year-olds. These results do not support theories claiming
either that reciprocity is fundamental to the origins of
children's prosocial behavior or that it is irrelevant.
Instead, they support an account in which children's
prosocial behavior emerges spontaneously but is later
mediated by reciprocity.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2013.06.002},
Key = {fds351660}
}
@article{fds351661,
Author = {Wyman, E and Rakoczy, H and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Non-verbal communication enables children's coordination in
a "Stag Hunt" game},
Journal = {European Journal of Developmental Psychology},
Volume = {10},
Number = {5},
Pages = {597-610},
Year = {2013},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2012.726469},
Abstract = {This study assessed the role of non-verbal communication in
4-year-old children's decisions to coordinate with others.
During a "Stag Hunt" game, the child and an adult
individually and continually collected low-value prizes
(hares). Occasionally, an alternative option of collecting a
high-value prize (stag) cooperatively with the adult arose,
but entailed a risk: a lone attempt on this prize by either
player would leave that player empty handed. Children
coordinated with the adult to obtain the high-value prize
more often when that adult made mutual eye contact and
smiled at them than when she attended to the prizes only.
This suggests that neither verbal nor gestural communication
are necessary for coordination: Minimal, non-verbal
communication enables children's coordination with others
towards joint goals. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis
Group, LLC.},
Doi = {10.1080/17405629.2012.726469},
Key = {fds351661}
}
@article{fds351662,
Author = {Carpenter, M and Uebel, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Being mimicked increases prosocial behavior in 18-month-old
infants.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {84},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1511-1518},
Year = {2013},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12083},
Abstract = {Most previous research on imitation in infancy has focused
on infants' learning of instrumental actions on objects.
This study focused instead on the more social side of
imitation, testing whether being mimicked increases
prosocial behavior in infants, as it does in adults (van
Baaren, Holland, Kawakami, & van Knippenberg, 2004).
Eighteen-month-old infants (N = 48) were either mimicked
or not by an experimenter; then either that experimenter or
a different adult needed help. Infants who had previously
been mimicked were significantly more likely to help both
adults than infants who had not been mimicked. Thus, even in
infancy, mimicry has positive social consequences: It
promotes a general prosocial orientation toward
others.},
Doi = {10.1111/cdev.12083},
Key = {fds351662}
}
@article{fds351663,
Author = {Graf, E and Theakston, A and Lieven, E and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Subject and object omission in children's early transitive
constructions: A discourse-pragmatic approach},
Journal = {Applied Psycholinguistics},
Volume = {36},
Number = {3},
Pages = {701-727},
Year = {2013},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0142716413000477},
Abstract = {This paper investigates discourse effects on the provision
of both subjects and objects and investigates whether
pragmatic discourse features govern the realization/omission
of both constituents alike. In an elicitation study, we
examined how the discourse-pragmatic feature contrast, as
applied to the subject, verb, or object of a transitive
utterance affected the provision of elements in the
remainder of the sentence when all elements were previously
introduced. The results showed that 3.5-year-old children
were more likely to realize a contrasted argument with a
lexical noun but more likely to omit the argument when it
was not part of a contrast, regardless of its subject or
object status. This suggests that contrast presents a
unifying discourse feature for argument omission in language
development.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0142716413000477},
Key = {fds351663}
}
@article{fds351664,
Author = {Ibbotson, P and Lieven, EVM and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The attention-grammar interface: Eye-gaze cues structural
choice in children and adults},
Journal = {Cognitive Linguistics},
Volume = {24},
Number = {3},
Pages = {457-481},
Year = {2013},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2013-0020},
Abstract = {We investigated whether children (3- and 4-year-olds) and
adults can use the active passive alternation - essentially
a choice of subject - in a way that is consistent with the
eye-gaze of the speaker. Previous work suggests the function
of the subject position can be grounded in attentional
mechanisms (Tomlin 1995, 1997). Eye-gaze is one powerful
source of directing attention that we know adults and young
children are sensitive to; furthermore, we know adults are
more likely to look at the subject of their sentence than
any other character (Gleitman et al. 2007; Griffin and Bock
2000). We demonstrate that older children and adults are
able to use speaker-gaze to choose a felicitous subject when
describing a scene with both agent-focused and patient
focused cues. Integrating attentional and grammatical
information in this way allows children to limit the degrees
of freedom on what the function of certain linguistic
constructions might be.},
Doi = {10.1515/cog-2013-0020},
Key = {fds351664}
}
@article{fds351665,
Author = {Halina, M and Rossano, F and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The ontogenetic ritualization of bonobo gestures.},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {16},
Number = {4},
Pages = {653-666},
Year = {2013},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-013-0601-7},
Abstract = {Great apes communicate with gestures in flexible ways. Based
on several lines of evidence, Tomasello and colleagues have
posited that many of these gestures are learned via
ontogenetic ritualization-a process of mutual anticipation
in which particular social behaviors come to function as
intentional communicative signals. Recently, Byrne and
colleagues have argued that all great ape gestures are
basically innate. In the current study, for the first time,
we attempted to observe the process of ontogenetic
ritualization as it unfolds over time. We focused on one
communicative function between bonobo mothers and infants:
initiation of "carries" for joint travel. We observed 1,173
carries in ten mother-infant dyads. These were initiated by
nine different gesture types, with mothers and infants using
many different gestures in ways that reflected their
different roles in the carry interaction. There was also a
fair amount of variability among the different dyads,
including one idiosyncratic gesture used by one infant. This
gestural variation could not be attributed to sampling
effects alone. These findings suggest that ontogenetic
ritualization plays an important role in the origin of at
least some great ape gestures.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-013-0601-7},
Key = {fds351665}
}
@article{fds351666,
Author = {Hepach, R and Vaish, A and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children sympathize less in response to unjustified
emotional distress.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {49},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1132-1138},
Year = {2013},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0029501},
Abstract = {Three-year-old children saw an adult displaying the exact
same distress in 3 different conditions: (a) the adult's
distress was appropriate to a genuine harm, (b) the adult's
distress was an overreaction to a minor inconvenience, and
(c) there was no apparent cause for the adult's distress.
Children who witnessed the adult being appropriately upset
showed concern for him, intervened on his behalf, and
checked on him when he later expressed distress out of their
view. Children who did not know the cause for the adult's
distress responded similarly. In contrast, children who
witnessed the adult overreacting to an inconvenience showed
lower rates of intervening and checking. The degree of
children's concern across conditions was correlated with the
latency of their helping behavior toward the adult later.
These results suggest that from an early age, young
children's sympathy and prosocial behavior are not automatic
responses to emotional displays but, rather, involve taking
into account whether the displayed distress is
justified.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0029501},
Key = {fds351666}
}
@article{fds351667,
Author = {Schmerse, D and Lieven, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Error patterns in young German children's
wh-questions.},
Journal = {Journal of child language},
Volume = {40},
Number = {3},
Pages = {656-671},
Year = {2013},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000912000104},
Abstract = {In this article we report two studies: a detailed
longitudinal analysis of errors in wh-questions from six
German-learning children (age 2 ; 0-3 ; 0) and an analysis
of the prosodic characteristics of wh-questions in German
child-directed speech. The results of the first study
demonstrate that German-learning children frequently omit
the initial wh-word. A lexical analysis of wh-less questions
revealed that children are more likely to omit the wh-word
was ('what') than other wh-words (e.g. wo 'where'). In the
second study, we performed an acoustic analysis of sixty
wh-questions that one mother produced during her child's
third year of life. The results show that the wh-word was is
much less likely to be accented than the wh-word wo,
indicating a relationship between children's omission of
wh-words and the stress patterns associated with
wh-questions. The findings are discussed in the light of
discourse-pragmatic and metrical accounts of omission
errors.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0305000912000104},
Key = {fds351667}
}
@article{fds351668,
Author = {Moore, R and Liebal, K and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Three-year-olds understand communicative intentions without
language, gestures, or gaze},
Journal = {Interaction Studies},
Volume = {14},
Number = {1},
Pages = {62-80},
Year = {2013},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.14.1.05moo},
Abstract = {The communicative interactions of very young children almost
always involve language (based on conventions), gesture
(based on bodily deixis or iconicity) and directed gaze. In
this study, ninety-six children (3;0 years) were asked to
determine the location of a hidden toy by understanding a
communicative act that contained none of these familiar
means. A light-and-sound mechanism placed behind the hiding
place and illuminated by a centrally placed switch was used
to indicate the location of the toy. After a communicative
training session, an experimenter pressed the switch either
deliberately or accidentally, and with or without ostension
(in the form of eye contact and child-directed speech). In
no condition did she orient towards the hiding place. When
the switch was pressed intentionally, children used the
light-and-sound cue to find the toy - and tended to do so
even in the absence of ostensive eye contact. When the
experimenter pressed the switch accidentally, children
searched randomly - demonstrating that they were tracking
her communicative intent, and not merely choosing on the
basis of salience. The absence of an effect of ostension
contradicts research that ostension helps children to
interpret the communicative intentions underlying unfamiliar
signs. We explain this by concluding that while it may play
a role in establishing a communicative interaction, it is
not necessary for sustaining one; and that even with a
highly novel communicative act - involving none of the means
of communication on which children typically rely -
three-year-olds can comprehend the communicative intentions
behind an intentionally produced act. © John Benjamins
Publishing Company.},
Doi = {10.1075/is.14.1.05moo},
Key = {fds351668}
}
@article{fds351669,
Author = {Warneken, F and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Parental Presence and Encouragement Do Not Influence Helping
in Young Children},
Journal = {Infancy},
Volume = {18},
Number = {3},
Pages = {345-368},
Year = {2013},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7078.2012.00120.x},
Abstract = {Young children begin helping others with simple instrumental
problems from soon after their first birthdays. In previous
observations of this phenomenon, both naturalistic and
experimental, children's parents were in the room and could
potentially have influenced their behavior. In the two
current studies, we gave 24-month-old children the
opportunity to help an unfamiliar adult obtain an
out-of-reach object when the parent (or a friendly female
adult) (i) was present but passive, (ii) was present and
highlighted the problem for the child, (iii) was present and
actively encouraged the child to help, (iv) was present and
ordered the child to help, or (v) was absent from the room.
The children helped at relatively high levels and equally
under all these treatment conditions. There was also no
differential effect of treatment condition on children's
helping in a subsequent test phase in which no parent was
present, and children had to disengage from a fun activity
to help. Young children's helping behavior is not
potentiated or facilitated by parental behavior in the
immediate situation, suggesting that it is spontaneous and
intrinsically motivated. Copyright © International Society
on Infant Studies (ISIS).},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1532-7078.2012.00120.x},
Key = {fds351669}
}
@article{fds351670,
Author = {Bräuer, J and Keckeisen, M and Pitsch, A and Kaminski, J and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Domestic dogs conceal auditory but not visual information
from others.},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {16},
Number = {3},
Pages = {351-359},
Year = {2013},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-012-0576-9},
Abstract = {A number of studies have shown that dogs are sensitive to a
human's perspective, but it remains unclear whether they use
an egocentric strategy to assess what humans perceive. We
investigated whether dogs know what a human can see and
hear, even when the dogs themselves are unable to see the
human. Dogs faced a task in which forbidden food was placed
in a tunnel that they could retrieve by using their paw.
Whereas the dogs could not see the experimenter during their
food retrieval attempts, the experimenter could potentially
see the dog's paw. In the first experiment, dogs could
choose between an opaque and a transparent side of the
tunnel, and in the second experiment, they could choose
between a silent and a noisy approach to the tunnel. The
results showed that dogs preferred a silent approach to
forbidden food but they did not hide their approach when
they could not see a human present. We conclude that dogs
probably rely on what they themselves can perceive when they
assess what the human can see and hear.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-012-0576-9},
Key = {fds351670}
}
@article{fds351671,
Author = {Jensen, K and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Chimpanzee responders still behave like rational
maximizers.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {110},
Number = {20},
Pages = {E1837},
Year = {2013},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1303627110},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1303627110},
Key = {fds351671}
}
@article{fds351672,
Author = {Kaminski, J and Pitsch, A and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Dogs steal in the dark.},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {16},
Number = {3},
Pages = {385-394},
Year = {2013},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-012-0579-6},
Abstract = {All current evidence of visual perspective taking in dogs
can possibly be explained by dogs reacting to certain
stimuli rather than understanding what others see. In the
current study, we set up a situation in which contextual
information and social cues are in conflict. A human always
forbade the dog from taking a piece of food. The part of the
room being illuminated was then varied, for example, either
the area where the human was seated or the area where the
food was located was lit. Results show that dogs steal
significantly more food when it is dark compared to when it
is light. While stealing forbidden food the dog's behaviour
also depends on the type of illumination in the room.
Illumination around the food, but not the human, affected
the dogs' behaviour. This indicates that dogs do not take
the sight of the human as a signal to avoid the food. It
also cannot be explained by a low-level associative rule of
avoiding illuminated food which dogs actually approach
faster when they are in private. The current finding
therefore raises the possibility that dogs take into account
the human's visual access to the food while making their
decision to steal it.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-012-0579-6},
Key = {fds351672}
}
@article{fds351673,
Author = {Scheider, L and Kaminski, J and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Do domestic dogs interpret pointing as a
command?},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {16},
Number = {3},
Pages = {361-372},
Year = {2013},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-012-0577-8},
Abstract = {Domestic dogs comprehend human gestural communication
flexibly, particularly the pointing gesture. Here, we
examine whether dogs interpret pointing informatively, that
is, as simply providing information, or rather as a command,
for example, ordering them to move to a particular location.
In the first study a human pointed toward an empty cup. In
one manipulation, the dog either knew or did not know that
the designated cup was empty (and that the other cup
actually contained the food). In another manipulation, the
human (as authority) either did or did not remain in the
room after pointing. Dogs ignored the human's gesture if
they had better information, irrespective of the authority's
presence. In the second study, we varied the level of
authority of the person pointing. Sometimes this person was
an adult, and sometimes a young child. Dogs followed
children's pointing just as frequently as they followed
adults' pointing (and ignored the dishonest pointing of
both), suggesting that the level of authority did not affect
their behavior. Taken together these studies suggest that
dogs do not see pointing as an imperative command ordering
them to a particular location. It is still not totally
clear, however, if they interpret it as informative or in
some other way.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-012-0577-8},
Key = {fds351673}
}
@article{fds351674,
Author = {Melis, AP and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Chimpanzees' (Pan troglodytes) strategic helping in a
collaborative task.},
Journal = {Biology letters},
Volume = {9},
Number = {2},
Pages = {20130009},
Year = {2013},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0009},
Abstract = {Many animal species cooperate, but the underlying proximate
mechanisms are often unclear. We presented chimpanzees with
a mutualistic collaborative food-retrieval task requiring
complementary roles, and tested subjects' ability to help
their partner perform her role. For each role, subjects
required a different tool, and the tools were not
interchangeable. We gave one individual in each dyad both
tools, and measured subjects' willingness to transfer a tool
to their partner as well as which tool (correct versus
incorrect) they transferred. Most subjects helped their
partner and transferred the tool the partner needed. Thus,
chimpanzees not only coordinate different roles, but they
also know which particular action the partner needs to
perform. These results add to previous findings suggesting
that many of chimpanzees' limitations in collaboration are,
perhaps, more motivational than cognitive.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2013.0009},
Key = {fds351674}
}
@article{fds351675,
Author = {Moll, H and Meltzoff, AN and Merzsch, K and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Taking versus confronting visual perspectives in preschool
children.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {49},
Number = {4},
Pages = {646-654},
Year = {2013},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0028633},
Abstract = {Recent evidence suggests that 3-year-olds can take other
people's visual perspectives not only when they perceive
different things (Level 1) but even when they see the same
thing differently (Level 2). One hypothesis is that
3-year-olds are good perspective takers but cannot confront
different perspectives on the same object (Perner, Stummer,
Sprung, & Doherty, 2002). In 2 studies using color filters,
3-year-olds were unable to judge in what color they and an
adult saw the same picture. This was the case irrespective
of whether children replied verbally (pilot study) or by
pointing to color samples (main study). However, 3-year-olds
readily took an adult's perspective by determining which of
2 objects an adult referred to as being a certain color,
independently from how the children saw the objects (main
study). Taken together, these results suggest that
preschoolers' difficulty is not so much taking perspectives
as it is directly confronting another's view with their
own-an ability that seems to be acquired between 4 and 5
years of age.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0028633},
Key = {fds351675}
}
@article{fds351676,
Author = {Bräuer, J and Bös, M and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) coordinate their actions in
a problem-solving task.},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {16},
Number = {2},
Pages = {273-285},
Year = {2013},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-012-0571-1},
Abstract = {Cooperative hunting is a cognitively challenging activity
since individuals have to coordinate movements with a
partner and at the same time react to the prey. Domestic
dogs evolved from wolves, who engage in cooperative hunting
regularly, but it is not clear whether dogs have kept their
cooperative hunting skills. We presented pairs of dogs with
a reward behind a fence with two openings in it. A sliding
door operated by the experimenter could block one opening
but not both simultaneously. The dogs needed to coordinate
their actions, so that each was in front of a different
opening, if one of them was to cross through and get food.
All 24 dog pairs solved the problem. In study 1, we
demonstrated that dogs understood how the apparatus worked.
In study 2, we found that, although the performance of the
pairs did not depend on the divisibility of the reward,
pairs were quicker at coordinating their actions when both
anticipated rewards. However, the dogs did not monitor one
another, suggesting that their solutions were achieved by
each individual attempting to maximize for
itself.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-012-0571-1},
Key = {fds351676}
}
@article{fds351677,
Author = {Salomo, D and Lieven, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Children's ability to answer different types of
questions.},
Journal = {Journal of child language},
Volume = {40},
Number = {2},
Pages = {469-491},
Year = {2013},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000912000050},
Abstract = {Young children answer many questions every day. The extent
to which they do this in an adult-like way - following
Grice's Maxim of Quantity by providing the requested
information, no more no less - has been studied very little.
In an experiment, we found that two-, three- and
four-year-old children are quite skilled at answering
argument-focus questions and predicate-focus questions with
intransitives in which their response requires only a single
element. But predicate-focus questions for transitives -
requiring both the predicate and the direct object - are
difficult for children below four years of age. Even more
difficult for children this young are sentence-focus
questions such as "What's happening?", which give the child
no anchor in given information around which to structure
their answer. In addition, in a corpus study, we found that
parents ask their children predicate-focus and
sentence-focus questions very infrequently, thus giving
children little experience with them.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0305000912000050},
Key = {fds351677}
}
@article{fds351678,
Author = {Liebal, K and Carpenter, M and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children's understanding of cultural common
ground.},
Journal = {The British journal of developmental psychology},
Volume = {31},
Number = {Pt 1},
Pages = {88-96},
Year = {2013},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-835x.2012.02080.x},
Abstract = {Human social interaction depends on individuals identifying
the common ground they have with others, based both on
personally shared experiences and on cultural common ground
that all members of the group share. We introduced 3- and
5-year-old children to a culturally well-known object and a
novel object. An experimenter then entered and asked, 'What
is that?', either as a request for information or in a
recognitory way. When she was requesting information, both
3- and 5-year-olds assumed she was asking about the novel
object. When she seemed to recognize an object, 5-year-olds
assumed she was referring to the culturally well-known
object. Thus, by 3 years of age, children are beginning to
understand that they share cultural common ground with other
members of their group.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.2044-835x.2012.02080.x},
Key = {fds351678}
}
@article{fds320794,
Author = {Herrmann, E and Keupp, S and Hare, B and Vaish, A and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Direct and indirect reputation formation in nonhuman great
apes (Pan paniscus, Pan troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla, Pongo
pygmaeus) and human children (Homo sapiens).},
Journal = {Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. :
1983)},
Volume = {127},
Number = {1},
Pages = {63-75},
Year = {2013},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0028929},
Abstract = {Humans make decisions about when and with whom to cooperate
based on their reputations. People either learn about others
by direct interaction or by observing third-party
interactions or gossip. An important question is whether
other animal species, especially our closest living
relatives, the nonhuman great apes, also form reputations of
others. In Study 1, chimpanzees, bonobos, orangutans, and
2.5-year-old human children experienced a nice experimenter
who tried to give food/toys to the subject and a mean
experimenter who interrupted the food/toy giving. In studies
2 and 3, nonhuman great apes and human children could only
passively observe a similar interaction, in which a nice
experimenter and a mean experimenter interacted with a third
party. Orangutans and 2.5-year-old human children preferred
to approach the nice experimenter rather than the mean one
after having directly experienced their respective
behaviors. Orangutans, chimpanzees, and 2.5-year-old human
children also took into account experimenter actions toward
third parties in forming reputations. These studies show
that the human ability to form direct and indirect
reputation judgment is already present in young children and
shared with at least some of the other great
apes.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0028929},
Key = {fds320794}
}
@article{fds351679,
Author = {Melis, AP and Altrichter, K and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Allocation of resources to collaborators and free-riders in
3-year-olds.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {114},
Number = {2},
Pages = {364-370},
Year = {2013},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2012.08.006},
Abstract = {Recent studies have shown that in situations where resources
have been acquired collaboratively, children at around 3
years of age share mostly equally. We investigated
3-year-olds' sharing behavior with a collaborating partner
and a free-riding partner who explicitly expressed her
preference not to collaborate. Children shared more equally
with the collaborating partner than with the free rider.
These results suggest that young children are sensitive to
the contributions made by others to a collaborative effort
(and possibly their reasons for not collaborating) and
distribute resources accordingly.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2012.08.006},
Key = {fds351679}
}
@article{fds351680,
Author = {Schmelz, M and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Chimpanzees predict that a competitor's preference will
match their own.},
Journal = {Biology letters},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {20120829},
Year = {2013},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0829},
Abstract = {The ability to predict how another individual will behave is
useful in social competition. Chimpanzees can predict the
behaviour of another based on what they observe her to see,
hear, know and infer. Here we show that chimpanzees act on
the assumption that others have preferences that match their
own. All subjects began with a preference for a box with a
picture of food over one with a picture of nothing, even
though the pictures had no causal relation to the contents.
In a back-and-forth food competition, chimpanzees then
avoided the box with the picture of food when their
competitor had chosen one of the boxes before
them-presumably on the assumption that the competitor shared
their own preference for it and had already chosen it.
Chimpanzees predicted that their competitor's preference
would match their own and adjusted their behavioural
strategies accordingly.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2012.0829},
Key = {fds351680}
}
@article{fds321687,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Vaish, A},
Title = {Origins of human cooperation and morality},
Journal = {Annual Review of Psychology},
Volume = {64},
Number = {1},
Pages = {231-255},
Publisher = {ANNUAL REVIEWS},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143812},
Abstract = {From an evolutionary perspective, morality is a form of
cooperation. Cooperation requires individuals either to
suppress their own self-interest or to equate it with that
of others. We review recent research on the origins of human
morality, both phylogenetic (research with apes) and
ontogenetic (research with children). For both time frames
we propose a two-step sequence: first a second-personal
morality in which individuals are sympathetic or fair to
particular others, and second an agent-neutral morality in
which individuals follow and enforce group-wide social
norms. Human morality arose evolutionarily as a set of
skills and motives for cooperating with others, and the
ontogeny of these skills and motives unfolds in part
naturally and in part as a result of sociocultural contexts
and interactions. © 2013 by Annual Reviews. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143812},
Key = {fds321687}
}
@article{fds351682,
Author = {Hepach, R and Vaish, A and Tomasello, M},
Title = {A New Look at Children's Prosocial Motivation},
Journal = {Infancy},
Volume = {18},
Number = {1},
Pages = {67-90},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7078.2012.00130.x},
Abstract = {Young children routinely behave prosocially, but what is
their motivation for doing so? Here, we review three studies
which show that young children (1) are intrinsically
motivated rather than motivated by extrinsic rewards; (2)
are more inclined to help those for whom they feel sympathy;
and (3) are not so much motivated to provide help themselves
as to see the person helped (as can be seen in changes of
their sympathetic arousal, as measured by pupil dilation, in
different circumstances). Young children's prosocial
behavior is thus intrinsically motivated by a concern for
others' welfare, which has its evolutionary roots in a
concern for the well-being of those with whom one is
interdependent. © International Society on Infant Studies
(ISIS).},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1532-7078.2012.00130.x},
Key = {fds351682}
}
@article{fds351683,
Author = {Bullinger, AF and Burkart, JM and Melis, AP and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Bonobos, Pan paniscus, chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, and
marmosets, Callithrix jacchus, prefer to feed
alone},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {85},
Number = {1},
Pages = {51-60},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.10.006},
Abstract = {Many primates share food, but the motives behind this food
sharing are mostly not known. We investigated individuals'
preference to feed either alone or together with a tolerant
partner. Subjects (chimpanzees who are highly competitive
around food, bonobos who are more tolerant around food and
common marmosets who are cooperative breeders and share food
actively with some partners) were tested with a door-opening
paradigm. In a 2 × 2 design with the factors 'food' and
'partner', subjects had the opportunity to eat piles of
sharable food, if present, and/or to open the door, thereby
allowing the partner, if present, to join the subject. While
food had a main effect on the subject's behaviour, the
presence of the partner did not. Individuals of all species
opened the door much more often if there was no food
available. These results suggest that regardless of their
differing social organizations, chimpanzees, bonobos and
marmosets do not voluntarily co-feed, but do not mind having
company if there is no food present. © 2012 The Association
for the Study of Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.10.006},
Key = {fds351683}
}
@article{fds351684,
Author = {Gräfenhain, M and Carpenter, M and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Three-year-olds' understanding of the consequences of joint
commitments.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {8},
Number = {9},
Pages = {e73039},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073039},
Abstract = {Here we investigate the extent of children's understanding
of the joint commitments inherent in joint activities.
Three-year-old children either made a joint commitment to
assemble a puzzle with a puppet partner, or else the child
and puppet each assembled their own puzzle. Afterwards,
children who had made the joint commitment were more likely
to stop and wait for their partner on their way to fetch
something, more likely to spontaneously help their partner
when needed, and more likely to take over their partner's
role when necessary. There was no clear difference in
children's tendency to tattle on their partner's cheating
behavior or their tendency to distribute rewards equally at
the end. It thus appears that by 3 years of age making a
joint commitment to act together with others is beginning to
engender in children a "we"-intentionality which holds
across at least most of the process of the joint activity
until the shared goal is achieved, and which withstands at
least some of the perturbations to the joint activity
children experience.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0073039},
Key = {fds351684}
}
@article{fds351685,
Author = {Buttelmann, D and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Can domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) use referential
emotional expressions to locate hidden food?},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {16},
Number = {1},
Pages = {137-145},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-012-0560-4},
Abstract = {Although many studies have investigated domestic dogs'
(Canis familiaris) use of human communicative cues, little
is known about their use of humans' emotional expressions.
We conducted a study following the general paradigm of
Repacholi in Dev Psychol 34:1017-1025, (1998) and tested
four breeds of dogs in the laboratory and another breed in
the open air. In our study, a human reacted emotionally
(happy, neutral or disgust) to the hidden contents of two
boxes, after which the dog was then allowed to choose one of
the boxes. Dogs tested in the laboratory distinguished
between the most distinct of the expressed emotions
(Happy-Disgust condition) by choosing appropriately, but
performed at chance level when the two emotions were less
distinct (Happy-Neutral condition). The breed tested in the
open air passed both conditions, but this breed's differing
testing setup might have been responsible for their success.
Although without meaningful emotional expressions, when
given a choice, these subjects chose randomly, their
performance did not differ from that in the experimental
conditions. Based on the findings revealed in the
laboratory, we suggest that some domestic dogs recognize
both the directedness and the valence of some human
emotional expressions.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-012-0560-4},
Key = {fds351685}
}
@misc{fds367354,
Author = {Bara, BG and Chater, N and Tomasello, M and Varley,
R},
Title = {Symposium Communicative Intentions in the
Mind/Brain},
Journal = {Cooperative Minds: Social Interaction and Group Dynamics -
Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive
Science Society, CogSci 2013},
Pages = {65-66},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780976831891},
Key = {fds367354}
}
@misc{fds367355,
Author = {Call, J and Goldin-Meadow, S and Hobaiter, C and Liebal, K and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Language and Gesture Evolution},
Journal = {Cooperative Minds: Social Interaction and Group Dynamics -
Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive
Science Society, CogSci 2013},
Pages = {57-58},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780976831891},
Key = {fds367355}
}
@misc{fds351681,
Author = {Vaish, A and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The early ontogeny of human cooperation and
morality},
Pages = {279-298},
Booktitle = {Handbook of Moral Development, Second Edition},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9781848729599},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203581957},
Abstract = {The seminal work in the modern study of children’s moral
development is Piaget’s (1932/1997) The Moral Judgment of
the Child. As is well known, Piaget claimed that before the
age of 8 or 9 years children make moral judgments based only
on a respect for authority and the social norms emanating
from this authority-and so they are not really autonomous
moral agents. But, as is also well known, Piaget focused
exclusively on the explicit moral judgments that children
were capable of formulating in language. Kohlberg’s
extension of Piaget’s framework (e.g., Colby & Kohlberg,
1987; Kohlberg, 1969, 1976) also asked children to express
their reasoned moral judgments linguistically, and also
found that preschool children were essentially premoral
(i.e., preconventional).},
Doi = {10.4324/9780203581957},
Key = {fds351681}
}
@article{fds351686,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Melis, AP and Tennie, C and Wyman, E and Herrmann,
E},
Title = {Two key steps in the evolution of human cooperation: The
interdependence Hypothesis},
Journal = {Current Anthropology},
Volume = {53},
Number = {6},
Pages = {673-692},
Year = {2012},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/668207},
Abstract = {Modern theories of the evolution of human cooperation focus
mainly on altruism. In contrast, we propose that humans'
species-unique forms of cooperation-as well as their
species-unique forms of cognition, communication, and social
life-all derive from mutualistic collaboration (with social
selection against cheaters). In a first step, humans became
obligate collaborative foragers such that individuals were
interdependent with one another and so had a direct interest
in the well-being of their partners. In this context, they
evolved new skills and motivations for collaboration not
possessed by other great apes (joint intentionality), and
they helped their potential partners (and avoided cheaters).
In a second step, these new collaborative skills and
motivations were scaled up to group life in general, as
modern humans faced competition from other groups. As part
of this new group-mindedness, they created cultural
conventions, norms, and institutions (all characterized by
collective intentionality), with knowledge of a specific set
of these marking individuals as members of a particular
cultural group. Human cognition and sociality thus became
ever more collaborative and altruistic as human individuals
became ever more interdependent. © 2012 by The Wenner-Gren
Foundation for Anthropological Research. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1086/668207},
Key = {fds351686}
}
@article{fds351687,
Author = {Kaiser, I and Jensen, K and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Theft in an ultimatum game: chimpanzees and bonobos are
insensitive to unfairness.},
Journal = {Biology letters},
Volume = {8},
Number = {6},
Pages = {942-945},
Year = {2012},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0519},
Abstract = {Humans, but not chimpanzees, punish unfair offers in
ultimatum games, suggesting that fairness concerns evolved
sometime after the split between the lineages that gave rise
to Homo and Pan. However, nothing is known about fairness
concerns in the other Pan species, bonobos. Furthermore,
apes do not typically offer food to others, but they do
react against theft. We presented a novel game, the
ultimatum theft game, to both of our closest living
relatives. Bonobos and chimpanzee 'proposers' consistently
stole food from the responders' portions, but the responders
did not reject any non-zero offer. These results support the
interpretation that the human sense of fairness is a derived
trait.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2012.0519},
Key = {fds351687}
}
@article{fds351688,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Why be nice? Better not think about it.},
Journal = {Trends in cognitive sciences},
Volume = {16},
Number = {12},
Pages = {580-581},
Year = {2012},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2012.10.006},
Abstract = {Are people more likely to be cooperative if they must act
quickly or if they have more time to mull it over? The
results of a recent series of studies suggest that peoples'
initial impulse is to cooperate, but that with more time and
reflection they become more selfish.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2012.10.006},
Key = {fds351688}
}
@article{fds351689,
Author = {Schneider, A-C and Melis, AP and Tomasello, M},
Title = {How chimpanzees solve collective action problems.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {279},
Number = {1749},
Pages = {4946-4954},
Year = {2012},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.1948},
Abstract = {We presented small groups of chimpanzees with two collective
action situations, in which action was necessary for reward
but there was a disincentive for individuals to act owing to
the possibility of free-riding on the efforts of others. We
found that in simpler scenarios (experiment 1) in which
group size was small, there was a positive relationship
between rank and action with more dominant individuals
volunteering to act more often, particularly when the reward
was less dispersed. Social tolerance also seemed to mediate
action whereby higher tolerance levels within a group
resulted in individuals of lower ranks sometimes acting and
appropriating more of the reward. In more complex scenarios,
when group size was larger and cooperation was necessary
(experiment 2), overcoming the problem was more challenging.
There was highly significant variability in the action rates
of different individuals as well as between dyads,
suggesting success was more greatly influenced by the
individual personalities and personal relationships present
in the group.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2012.1948},
Key = {fds351689}
}
@article{fds351690,
Author = {Matthews, D and Behne, T and Lieven, E and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Origins of the human pointing gesture: a training
study.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {15},
Number = {6},
Pages = {817-829},
Year = {2012},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2012.01181.x},
Abstract = {Despite its importance in the development of children's
skills of social cognition and communication, very little is
known about the ontogenetic origins of the pointing gesture.
We report a training study in which mothers gave children
one month of extra daily experience with pointing as
compared with a control group who had extra experience with
musical activities. One hundred and two infants of 9, 10, or
11 months of age were seen at the beginning, middle, and end
of this one-month period and tested for declarative pointing
and gaze following. Infants'ability to point with the index
finger at the end of the study was not affected by the
training but was instead predicted by infants' prior ability
to follow the gaze direction of an adult. The frequency with
which infants pointed indexically was also affected by
infant gaze following ability and, in addition, by maternal
pointing frequency in free play, but not by training. In
contrast, infants' ability to monitor their partner's gaze
when pointing, and the frequency with which they did so, was
affected by both training and maternal pointing frequency in
free play. These results suggest that prior social cognitive
advances, rather than adult socialization of pointing per
se, determine the developmental onset of indexical pointing,
but socialization processes such as imitation and adult
shaping subsequently affect both infants' ability to monitor
their interlocutor's gaze while they point and how
frequently infants choose to point.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2012.01181.x},
Key = {fds351690}
}
@article{fds351691,
Author = {Buttelmann, D and Schütte, S and Carpenter, M and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Great apes infer others' goals based on context.},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {15},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1037-1053},
Year = {2012},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-012-0528-4},
Abstract = {In previous studies claiming to demonstrate that great apes
understand the goals of others, the apes could potentially
have been using subtle behavioral cues present during the
test to succeed. In the current studies, we ruled out the
use of such cues by making the behavior of the experimenter
identical in the test phase of both the experimental and
control conditions; the only difference was the preceding
"context." In the first study, apes interpreted a human's
ambiguous action as having the underlying goal of opening a
box, or not, based on that human's previous actions with
similar boxes. In the second study, chimpanzees learned that
when a human stood up she was going to go get food for them,
but when a novel, unexpected event happened, they changed
their expectation-presumably based on their understanding
that this new event led the human to change her goal. These
studies suggest that great apes do not need concurrent
behavioral cues to infer others' goals, but can do so from a
variety of different types of cues-even cues displaced in
time.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-012-0528-4},
Key = {fds351691}
}
@misc{fds351692,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Cognitive Linguistics and First Language
Acquisition},
Booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics},
Year = {2012},
Month = {September},
ISBN = {9780199738632},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199738632.013.0041},
Abstract = {This article reviews some of the best-known and most
interesting work on language acquisition from within the
framework of functional-cognitive linguistics, particularly
those on meaning and conceptualization as well as usage and
grammar (grammatical constructions). Although the term is
often used more narrowly, the article calls this general
theoretical approach "usage-based" to emphasize the
assumption common to all functional and cognitive approaches
that linguistic structure emerges from use, both
historically and ontogenetically. This is as opposed to the
dominant view in the field of language acquisition today in
which "core" grammatical competence is innately given, and
all that develops is peripheral skills involving the
lexicon, pragmatics, information processing, and the like.
The article discusses meaning and conceptualization in child
language, focusing on image schemas and word meanings as
well as social cognition, perspective-taking, and culture.
It also considers usage and grammar in child language,
including usage-based syntax.},
Doi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199738632.013.0041},
Key = {fds351692}
}
@misc{fds351693,
Author = {Wyman, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The ontogenetic origins of human cooperation},
Booktitle = {Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology},
Year = {2012},
Month = {September},
ISBN = {9780198568308},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568308.013.0017},
Abstract = {This article suggests that the ontogenesis of shared
intentionality depends on the developmentally primitive
phenomenon of 'joint attention'. This is the ability of the
infant to understand that they and other individuals can
attend to the same object and each other's attention
simultaneously and provides a shared, interpersonal frame in
which young infants can share experience with others. This
article compares the skills and motivations involved in
shared intentionality between humans and chimpanzees. It
also emphasises a marked difference in their joint attention
abilities. It suggests that this may explain various
differences in social-cognitive skills between the two
species, and proposes that the phylogenesis of joint
attention may account for the evolution of complex forms of
cooperation and uniquely human cultural practices.},
Doi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568308.013.0017},
Key = {fds351693}
}
@article{fds351694,
Author = {Hepach, R and Vaish, A and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children are intrinsically motivated to see others
helped.},
Journal = {Psychological science},
Volume = {23},
Number = {9},
Pages = {967-972},
Year = {2012},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797612440571},
Abstract = {Young children help other people, but it is not clear why.
In the current study, we found that 2-year-old children's
sympathetic arousal, as measured by relative changes in
pupil dilation, is similar when they themselves help a
person and when they see that person being helped by a third
party (and sympathetic arousal in both cases is different
from that when the person is not being helped at all). These
results demonstrate that the intrinsic motivation for young
children's helping behavior does not require that they
perform the behavior themselves and thus "get credit" for
it, but rather requires only that the other person be
helped. Thus, from an early age, humans seem to have genuine
concern for the welfare of others.},
Doi = {10.1177/0956797612440571},
Key = {fds351694}
}
@article{fds351695,
Author = {Riedl, K and Jensen, K and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {No third-party punishment in chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {109},
Number = {37},
Pages = {14824-14829},
Year = {2012},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1203179109},
Abstract = {Punishment can help maintain cooperation by deterring
free-riding and cheating. Of particular importance in
large-scale human societies is third-party punishment in
which individuals punish a transgressor or norm violator
even when they themselves are not affected. Nonhuman
primates and other animals aggress against conspecifics with
some regularity, but it is unclear whether this is ever
aimed at punishing others for noncooperation, and whether
third-party punishment occurs at all. Here we report an
experimental study in which one of humans' closest living
relatives, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), could punish an
individual who stole food. Dominants retaliated when their
own food was stolen, but they did not punish when the food
of third-parties was stolen, even when the victim was
related to them. Third-party punishment as a means of
enforcing cooperation, as humans do, might therefore be a
derived trait in the human lineage.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1203179109},
Key = {fds351695}
}
@article{fds351696,
Author = {Schmidt, MFH and Rakoczy, H and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children enforce social norms selectively depending on
the violator's group affiliation.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {124},
Number = {3},
Pages = {325-333},
Year = {2012},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2012.06.004},
Abstract = {To become cooperative members of their cultural groups,
developing children must follow their group's social norms.
But young children are not just blind norm followers, they
are also active norm enforcers, for example, protesting and
correcting when someone plays a conventional game the
"wrong" way. In two studies, we asked whether young children
enforce social norms on all people equally, or only on
ingroup members who presumably know and respect the norm. We
looked at both moral norms involving harm and conventional
game norms involving rule violations. Three-year-old
children actively protested violation of moral norms equally
for ingroup and outgroup individuals, but they enforced
conventional game norms for ingroup members only. Despite
their ingroup favoritism, young children nevertheless hold
ingroup members to standards whose violation they tolerate
from outsiders.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2012.06.004},
Key = {fds351696}
}
@article{fds351697,
Author = {Ibbotson, P and Theakston, AL and Lieven, EVM and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Semantics of the transitive construction: prototype effects
and developmental comparisons.},
Journal = {Cognitive science},
Volume = {36},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1268-1288},
Year = {2012},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-6709.2012.01249.x},
Abstract = {This paper investigates whether an abstract linguistic
construction shows the kind of prototype effects
characteristic of non-linguistic categories, in both adults
and young children. Adapting the prototype-plus-distortion
methodology of Franks and Bransford (1971), we found that
whereas adults were lured toward false-positive recognition
of sentences with prototypical transitive semantics, young
children showed no such effect. We examined two main
implications of the results. First, it adds a novel data
point to a growing body of research in cognitive linguistics
and construction grammar that shows abstract linguistic
categories can behave in similar ways to non-linguistic
categories, for example, by showing graded membership of a
category. Thus, the findings lend psychological validity to
the existing cross-linguistic evidence for prototypical
transitive semantics. Second, we discuss a possible
explanation for the fact that prototypical sentences were
processed differently in adults and children, namely, that
children's transitive semantic network is not as
interconnected or cognitively coherent as
adults'.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1551-6709.2012.01249.x},
Key = {fds351697}
}
@article{fds351698,
Author = {Behne, T and Liszkowski, U and Carpenter, M and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Twelve-month-olds' comprehension and production of
pointing.},
Journal = {The British journal of developmental psychology},
Volume = {30},
Number = {Pt 3},
Pages = {359-375},
Year = {2012},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-835x.2011.02043.x},
Abstract = {This study explored whether infants aged 12 months already
recognize the communicative function of pointing gestures.
Infants participated in a task requiring them to comprehend
an adult's informative pointing gesture to the location of a
hidden toy. They mostly succeeded in this task, which
required them to infer that the adult was attempting to
direct their attention to a location for a reason - because
she wanted them to know that a toy was hidden there. Many of
the infants also reversed roles and produced appropriate
pointing gestures for the adult in this same game, and
indeed there was a correlation such that comprehenders were
for the most part producers. These findings indicate that by
12 months of age infants are beginning to show a
bidirectional understanding of communicative
pointing.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.2044-835x.2011.02043.x},
Key = {fds351698}
}
@article{fds351699,
Author = {Schmidt, MFH and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young Children Enforce Social Norms},
Journal = {Current Directions in Psychological Science},
Volume = {21},
Number = {4},
Pages = {232-236},
Year = {2012},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721412448659},
Abstract = {Social norms have played a key role in the evolution of
human cooperation, serving to stabilize prosocial and
egalitarian behavior despite the self-serving motives of
individuals. Young children's behavior mostly conforms to
social norms, as they follow adult behavioral directives and
instructions. But it turns out that even preschool children
also actively enforce social norms on others, often using
generic normative language to do so. This behavior is not
easily explained by individualistic motives; it is more
likely a result of children's growing identification with
their cultural group, which leads to prosocial motives for
preserving its ways of doing things. © The Author(s)
2012.},
Doi = {10.1177/0963721412448659},
Key = {fds351699}
}
@article{fds351700,
Author = {Gampe, A and Liebal, K and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Eighteen-month-olds learn novel words through
overhearing},
Journal = {First Language},
Volume = {32},
Number = {3},
Pages = {385-397},
Year = {2012},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142723711433584},
Abstract = {The prototypical word learning situation in western,
middle-class cultures is dyadic: an adult addresses a child
directly, ideally in a manner sensitive to their current
focus of attention. But young children also seem to learn
many of their words in polyadic situations through
overhearing. Extending the previous work of Akhtar and
colleagues, in the current two studies we gave 18-month-old
infants opportunities to acquire novel words through
overhearing in situations that were a bit more complex: they
did not socially interact with the adult who used the new
word before the word learning situation began, and the way
the adult used the new word was less transparent in that it
was neither a naming nor a directive speech act. In both
studies, infants learned words equally well (and above
chance) whether they were directly addressed or had to
eavesdrop on two adults. Almost from the beginning, young
children employ diverse learning strategies for acquiring
new words. © 2011 The Author(s).},
Doi = {10.1177/0142723711433584},
Key = {fds351700}
}
@article{fds351701,
Author = {Moll, H and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Three-year-olds understand appearance and reality--just not
about the same object at the same time.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {48},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1124-1132},
Year = {2012},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0025915},
Abstract = {Young children struggle in the classic tests of appearance
versus reality. In the current Study 1, 3-year-olds had to
determine which of 2 objects (a deceptive or a nondeceptive
one) an adult requested when asking for the "real X" versus
"the one that looks like X." In Study 2, children of the
same age had to indicate what a single deceptive object
(e.g., a chocolate-eraser) looked like and what it really
was by selecting one of two items that represented this
object's appearance (a chocolate bar) or identity (a regular
eraser). Children were mainly successful in Study 1 but not
in Study 2. The findings are discussed with a focus on young
children's difficulty with "confronting" perspectives, which
may be involved in their struggles with a number of classic
theory of mind tasks.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0025915},
Key = {fds351701}
}
@article{fds351702,
Author = {Grassmann, S and Kaminski, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {How two word-trained dogs integrate pointing and
naming.},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {15},
Number = {4},
Pages = {657-665},
Year = {2012},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-012-0494-x},
Abstract = {Two word-trained dogs were presented with acts of reference
in which a human pointed, named objects, or simultaneously
did both. The question was whether these dogs would assume
co-reference of pointing and naming and thus pick the
pointed-to object. Results show that the dogs did indeed
assume co-reference of pointing and naming in order to
determine the reference of a spoken word, but they did so
only when pointing was not in conflict with their previous
word knowledge. When pointing and a spoken word conflicted,
the dogs preferentially fetched the object by name. This is
not surprising since they are trained to fetch objects by
name. However, interestingly, in these conflict conditions,
the dogs fetched the named objects only after they had
initially approached the pointed-to object. We suggest that
this shows that the word-trained dogs interpret pointing as
a spatial directive, which they integrate into the fetching
game, presumably assuming that pointing is relevant to
finding the requested object.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-012-0494-x},
Key = {fds351702}
}
@article{fds351703,
Author = {Haun, DBM and Rekers, Y and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Majority-biased transmission in chimpanzees and human
children, but not orangutans.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {22},
Number = {8},
Pages = {727-731},
Year = {2012},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2012.03.006},
Abstract = {Cultural transmission is a key component of human evolution.
Two of humans' closest living relatives, chimpanzees and
orangutans, have also been argued to transmit behavioral
traditions across generations culturally [1-3], but how much
the process might resemble the human process is still in
large part unknown. One key phenomenon of human cultural
transmission is majority-biased transmission: the increased
likelihood for learners to end up not with the most frequent
behavior but rather with the behavior demonstrated by most
individuals. Here we show that chimpanzees and human
children as young as 2 years of age, but not orangutans, are
more likely to copy an action performed by three
individuals, once each, than an action performed by one
individual three times. The tendency to acquire the
behaviors of the majority has been posited as key to the
transmission of relatively safe, reliable, and productive
behavioral strategies [4-7] but has not previously been
demonstrated in primates.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2012.03.006},
Key = {fds351703}
}
@article{fds351704,
Author = {Fletcher, GE and Warneken, F and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Differences in cognitive processes underlying the
collaborative activities of children and
chimpanzees},
Journal = {Cognitive Development},
Volume = {27},
Number = {2},
Pages = {136-153},
Year = {2012},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2012.02.003},
Abstract = {We compared the performance of 3- and 5-year-old children
with that of chimpanzees in two tasks requiring
collaboration via complementary roles. In both tasks,
children and chimpanzees were able to coordinate two
complementary roles with peers and solve the problem
cooperatively. This is the first experimental demonstration
of the coordination of complementary roles in chimpanzees.
In the second task, neither species was skillful at waiting
for a partner to be positioned appropriately before
beginning (although children did hesitate significantly
longer when the partner was absent). The main difference
between species in both tasks was in children's, but not
chimpanzees', ability to profit from experience as a
collaborator in one role when later reversing roles. This
difference suggests that as they participate in a
collaboration, young children integrate both roles into a
single " birds-eye-view" representational format in a way
that chimpanzees do not. © 2012 Elsevier
Inc.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogdev.2012.02.003},
Key = {fds351704}
}
@article{fds351705,
Author = {Matthews, D and Butcher, J and Lieven, E and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Two- and four-year-olds learn to adapt referring expressions
to context: effects of distracters and feedback on
referential communication.},
Journal = {Topics in cognitive science},
Volume = {4},
Number = {2},
Pages = {184-210},
Year = {2012},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2012.01181.x},
Abstract = {Children often refer to things ambiguously but learn not to
from responding to clarification requests. We review and
explore this learning process here. In Study 1, eighty-four
2- and 4-year-olds were tested for their ability to request
stickers from either (a) a small array with one dissimilar
distracter or (b) a large array containing similar
distracters. When children made ambiguous requests, they
received either general feedback or specific questions about
which of two options they wanted. With training, children
learned to produce more complex object descriptions and did
so faster in the specific feedback condition. They also
tended to provide more information when requesting stickers
from large arrays. In Study 2, we varied only distracter
similarity during training and then varied array size in a
generalization test. Children found it harder to learn in
this case. In the generalization test, 4-year-olds were more
likely to provide information (a) when it was needed because
distracters were similar to the target and (b) when the
array size was greater (regardless of need for information).
We discuss how clear cues to potential ambiguity are needed
for children to learn to tailor their referring expression
to context and how several cues of heuristic value (e.g.,
more distracters > say more) can promote the efficiency of
communication while language is developing. Finally, we
consider whether it would be worthwhile drawing on the human
learning process when developing algorithms for the
production of referring expressions.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1756-8765.2012.01181.x},
Key = {fds351705}
}
@misc{fds351706,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Call, J},
Title = {Do chimpanzees know what others see-or only what they are
looking at?},
Booktitle = {Rational Animals?},
Year = {2012},
Month = {March},
ISBN = {9780198528272},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528272.003.0017},
Abstract = {This chapter examines the distinction between two approaches
in interpreting the behaviour in non-human animals. It
explains the 'boosters' interpret behaviour in
psychologically rich ways while 'scoffers' prefer
psychologically lean interpretations. It compares richer and
leaner interpretations of recent data from four experimental
paradigms concerning whether chimpanzees know what others
can or cannot see and argues that the 'booster' hypothesis
is better supported by the experimental results.},
Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528272.003.0017},
Key = {fds351706}
}
@misc{fds351707,
Author = {Lohmann, H and Tomasello, M and Meyer, S},
Title = {Linguistic Communication and Social Understanding},
Booktitle = {Why Language Matters for Theory of Mind},
Year = {2012},
Month = {March},
ISBN = {9780195159912},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195159912.003.0012},
Abstract = {This chapter explores the early stages of pragmatic language
acquisition before taking up the issue of syntax and
semantics. It suggests that the relation between language
and theory of mind is different depending on which aspect of
social understanding is at issue. In particular, it argues
that an appreciation of other persons as intentional
agents-the first level of social understanding-is a
prerequisite for language acquisition. The chapter presents
evidence from a training study aimed at developing
false-belief reasoning to show that both conversation about
deceptive objects and training on the syntax of
complementation (in the absence of deceptive objects)
promote three-year-olds' falsebelief understanding. The
largest training effect occurred in a condition that
combined conversation and complements. The fact that
manipulating the deceptive objects without any conversation
about them was ineffective leads to the conclusion that
language is a necessary condition for children to make
progress in their understanding of false beliefs, lending
support to the claim that language plays a causal role in
the ontogeny of social understanding.},
Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195159912.003.0012},
Key = {fds351707}
}
@article{fds351708,
Author = {Kaminski, J and Schulz, L and Tomasello, M},
Title = {How dogs know when communication is intended for
them.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {15},
Number = {2},
Pages = {222-232},
Year = {2012},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01120.x},
Abstract = {Domestic dogs comprehend human gestural communication in a
way that other animal species do not. But little is known
about the specific cues they use to determine when human
communication is intended for them. In a series of four
studies, we confronted both adult dogs and young dog puppies
with object choice tasks in which a human indicated one of
two opaque cups by either pointing to it or gazing at it. We
varied whether the communicator made eye contact with the
dog in association with the gesture (or whether her back was
turned or her eyes were directed at another recipient) and
whether the communicator called the dog's name (or the name
of another recipient). Results demonstrated the importance
of eye contact in human-dog communication, and, to a lesser
extent, the calling of the dog's name--with no difference
between adult dogs and young puppies--which are precisely
the communicative cues used by human infants for identifying
communicative intent. Unlike human children, however, dogs
did not seem to comprehend the human's communicative gesture
when it was directed to another human, perhaps because dogs
view all human communicative acts as directives for the
recipient.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01120.x},
Key = {fds351708}
}
@article{fds351709,
Author = {Theakston, AL and Maslen, R and Lieven, EVM and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {The acquisition of the active transitive construction in
English: A detailed case study},
Journal = {Cognitive Linguistics},
Volume = {23},
Number = {1},
Pages = {91-128},
Year = {2012},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2012-0004},
Abstract = {In this study, we test a number of predictions concerning
children's knowledge of the transitive Subject-Verb-Object
(SVO) construction between two and three years on one child
(Thomas) for whom we have densely collected data. The data
show that the earliest SVO utterances reflect earlier use of
those same verbs, and that verbs acquired before 2;7 show an
earlier move towards adultlike levels of use in the SVO
construction and in object argument complexity than later
acquired verbs. There is not a close relation with the input
in the types of subject and object referents used, nor a
close adherence to Preferred Argument Structure (PAS) before
2;7, but both early and late acquired verbs show a
simultaneous move towards PAS patterns in selection of
referent type at 2;9. The event semantics underpinning early
transitive utterances do not straightforwardly fit prototype
(high or inalienable) notions of transitivity, but rather
may reflect sensitivity to animacy and intentionality in a
way that mirrors the input. We conclude that children's
knowledge of the transitive construction continues to
undergo significant development between 2;0 and 3;0,
reflecting the gradual abstraction and integration of the
SVO and VO constructions, verb semantics, discourse
pragmatics, and the interactions between these factors.
These factors are considered in the context of a prototype
for the transitive construction. © Walter de
Gruyter.},
Doi = {10.1515/cog-2012-0004},
Key = {fds351709}
}
@article{fds351711,
Author = {Nitzschner, M and Melis, AP and Kaminski, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Dogs (Canis familiaris) evaluate humans on the basis of
direct experiences only.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {7},
Number = {10},
Pages = {e46880},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0046880},
Abstract = {Reputation formation is a key component in the social
interactions of many animal species. An evaluation of
reputation is drawn from two principal sources: direct
experience of an individual and indirect experience from
observing that individual interacting with a third party. In
the current study we investigated whether dogs use direct
and/or indirect experience to choose between two human
interactants. In the first experiment, subjects had direct
interaction either with a "nice" human (who played with,
talked to and stroked the dog) or with an "ignoring"
experimenter who ignored the dog completely. Results showed
that the dogs stayed longer close to the "nice" human. In a
second experiment the dogs observed a "nice" or "ignoring"
human interacting with another dog. This indirect
experience, however, did not lead to a preference between
the two humans. These results suggest that the dogs in our
study evaluated humans solely on the basis of direct
experience.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0046880},
Key = {fds351711}
}
@article{fds351712,
Author = {Bannard, C and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Can we dissociate contingency learning from social learning
in word acquisition by 24-month-olds?},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {7},
Number = {11},
Pages = {e49881},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049881},
Abstract = {We compared 24-month-old children's learning when their
exposure to words came either in an interactive (coupled)
context or in a nonsocial (decoupled) context. We measured
the children's learning with two different methods: one in
which they were asked to point to the referent for the
experimenter, and the other a preferential looking task in
which they were encouraged to look to the referent. In the
pointing test, children chose the correct referents for
words encountered in the coupled condition but not in the
decoupled condition. In the looking time test, however, they
looked to the targets regardless of condition. We explore
the explanations for this and propose that the different
response measures are reflecting two different kinds of
learning.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0049881},
Key = {fds351712}
}
@article{fds351713,
Author = {Rossano, F and Carpenter, M and Tomasello, M},
Title = {One-year-old infants follow others' voice
direction.},
Journal = {Psychological science},
Volume = {23},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1298-1302},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797612450032},
Abstract = {We investigated 1-year-old infants' ability to infer an
adult's focus of attention solely on the basis of her voice
direction. In Studies 1 and 2, 12- and 16-month-olds watched
an adult go behind a barrier and then heard her verbally
express excitement about a toy hidden in one of two boxes at
either end of the barrier. Even though they could not see
the adult, infants of both ages followed her voice direction
to the box containing the toy. Study 2 showed that infants
could do this even when the adult was positioned closer to
the incorrect box while she vocalized toward the correct one
(and thus ruled out the possibility that infants were merely
approaching the source of the sound). In Study 3, using the
same methods as in Study 2, we found that chimpanzees
performed the task at chance level. Our results show that
infants can determine the focus of another person's
attention through auditory information alone-a useful skill
for establishing joint attention.},
Doi = {10.1177/0956797612450032},
Key = {fds351713}
}
@article{fds351714,
Author = {Engelmann, JM and Herrmann, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Five-year olds, but not chimpanzees, attempt to manage their
reputations.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {7},
Number = {10},
Pages = {e48433},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0048433},
Abstract = {Virtually all theories of the evolution of cooperation
require that cooperators find ways to interact with one
another selectively, to the exclusion of cheaters. This
means that individuals must make reputational judgments
about others as cooperators, based on either direct or
indirect evidence. Humans, and possibly other species, add
another component to the process: they know that they are
being judged by others, and so they adjust their behavior in
order to affect those judgments - so-called impression
management. Here, we show for the first time that already
preschool children engage in such behavior. In an
experimental study, 5-year-old human children share more and
steal less when they are being watched by a peer than when
they are alone. In contrast, chimpanzees behave the same
whether they are being watched by a groupmate or not. This
species difference suggests that humans' concern for their
own self-reputation, and their tendency to manage the
impression they are making on others, may be unique to
humans among primates.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0048433},
Key = {fds351714}
}
@article{fds351715,
Author = {Tennie, C and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Untrained chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) fail
to imitate novel actions.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {7},
Number = {8},
Pages = {e41548},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041548},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Social learning research in apes has
focused on social learning in the technical (problem
solving) domain - an approach that confounds action and
physical information. Successful subjects in such studies
may have been able to perform target actions not as a result
of imitation learning but because they had learnt some
technical aspect, for example, copying the movements of an
apparatus (i.e., different forms of emulation
learning).<h4>Methods</h4>Here we present data on action
copying by non-enculturated and untrained chimpanzees when
physical information is removed from demonstrations. To
date, only one such study (on gesture copying in a begging
context) has been conducted--with negative results. Here we
have improved this methodology and have also added
non-begging test situations (a possible confound of the
earlier study). Both familiar and novel actions were used as
targets. Prior to testing, a trained conspecific
demonstrator was rewarded for performing target actions in
view of observers. All but one of the tested chimpanzees
already failed to copy familiar actions. When retested with
a novel target action, also the previously successful
subject failed to copy--and he did so across several
contexts.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Chimpanzees do not seem to copy
novel actions, and only some ever copy familiar ones. Due to
our having tested only non-enculturated and untrained
chimpanzees, the performance of our test subjects speak more
than most other studies of the general (dis-)ability of
chimpanzees to copy actions, and especially novel
actions.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0041548},
Key = {fds351715}
}
@article{fds351716,
Author = {Kirchhofer, KC and Zimmermann, F and Kaminski, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Dogs (Canis familiaris), but not chimpanzees (Pan
troglodytes), understand imperative pointing.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {7},
Number = {2},
Pages = {e30913},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030913},
Abstract = {Chimpanzees routinely follow the gaze of humans to outside
targets. However, in most studies using object choice they
fail to use communicative gestures (e.g. pointing) to find
hidden food. Chimpanzees' failure to do this may be due to
several difficulties with this paradigm. They may, for
example, misinterpret the gesture as referring to the opaque
cup instead of the hidden food. Or perhaps they do not
understand informative communicative intentions. In
contrast, dogs seem to be skilful in using human
communicative cues in the context of finding food, but as of
yet there is not much data showing whether they also use
pointing in the context of finding non-food objects. Here we
directly compare chimpanzees' (N = 20) and dogs' (N = 32)
skills in using a communicative gesture directed at a
visible object out of reach of the human but within reach of
the subject. Pairs of objects were placed in view of and
behind the subjects. The task was to retrieve the object the
experimenter wanted. To indicate which one she desired, the
experimenter pointed imperatively to it and directly
rewarded the subject for handing over the correct one. While
dogs performed well on this task, chimpanzees failed to
identify the referent. Implications for great apes' and
dogs' understanding of human communicative intentions are
discussed.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0030913},
Key = {fds351716}
}
@article{fds351717,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Hamann, K},
Title = {Collaboration in young children.},
Journal = {Quarterly journal of experimental psychology
(2006)},
Volume = {65},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-12},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2011.608853},
Abstract = {Humans accomplish much of what they do in collaboration with
others. In ontogeny, children's earliest abilities to
collaborate develop in two basic steps. First, 1- and
2-year-olds learn to form with others joint goals and joint
attention--which include an understanding of the individual
roles and perspectives involved. Second, as they approach
their third birthdays, children's collaborative interactions
with others take on a more normative dimension involving
obligations to the partner. In addition, their cognitive
abilities to conceptualize simultaneously both their own
role and perspective along with those of the other develop
considerably as well. This form of collaborative interaction
is underlain by species-unique skills and motivations for
shared intentionality that make possible, ultimately, such
things as complex cultural institutions.},
Doi = {10.1080/17470218.2011.608853},
Key = {fds351717}
}
@article{fds351718,
Author = {Warneken, F and Gräfenhain, M and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Collaborative partner or social tool? New evidence for young
children's understanding of joint intentions in
collaborative activities.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {15},
Number = {1},
Pages = {54-61},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01107.x},
Abstract = {Some children's social activities are structured by joint
goals. In previous research, the criterion used to determine
this was relatively weak: if the partner stopped
interacting, did the child attempt to re-engage her? But
re-engagement attempts could easily result from the child
simply realizing that she needs the partner to reach her own
goal in the activity (social tool explanation). In two
experiments, 21- and 27-month-old children interacted with
an adult in games in which they either did or did not
physically need the partner to reach a concrete goal.
Moreover, when the partner stopped interacting, she did so
because she was either unwilling to continue (breaking off
from the joint goal) or unable to continue (presumably still
maintaining the joint goal). Children of both age groups
encouraged the recalcitrant partner equally often whether
she was or was not physically needed for goal attainment. In
addition, they did so more often when the partner was unable
to continue than when she was unwilling to continue. These
findings suggest that young children do not just view their
collaborative partners as mindless social tools, but rather
as intentional, cooperative agents with whom they must
coordinate intentional states.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01107.x},
Key = {fds351718}
}
@article{fds351719,
Author = {Hamann, K and Warneken, F and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Children's developing commitments to joint
goals.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {83},
Number = {1},
Pages = {137-145},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01695.x},
Abstract = {This study investigated young children's commitment to a
joint goal by assessing whether peers in collaborative
activities continue to collaborate until all received their
rewards. Forty-eight 2.5- and 3.5-year-old children worked
on an apparatus dyadically. One child got access to her
reward early. For the partner to benefit as well, this child
had to continue to collaborate even though there was no
further reward available to her. The study found that
3.5-year-olds, but not 2.5-year-olds, eagerly assisted their
unlucky partner. They did this less readily in a
noncollaborative control condition. A second study confirmed
that 2.5-year-old children understood the task structure.
These results suggest that children begin to appreciate the
normative dimensions of collaborative activities during the
3rd year of life.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01695.x},
Key = {fds351719}
}
@article{fds351720,
Author = {Grosse, G and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Two-year-old children differentiate test questions from
genuine questions.},
Journal = {Journal of child language},
Volume = {39},
Number = {1},
Pages = {192-204},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000910000760},
Abstract = {Children are frequently confronted with so-called 'test
questions'. While genuine questions are requests for missing
information, test questions ask for information obviously
already known to the questioner. In this study we explored
whether two-year-old children respond differentially to one
and the same question used as either a genuine question or
as a test question based on the situation (playful game
versus serious task) and attitude (playful ostensive cues
versus not). Results indicated that children responded to
questions differently on the basis of the situation but not
the expressed attitude of the questioner. Two-year-old
children thus understand something of the very special
communicative intentions behind test questions.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0305000910000760},
Key = {fds351720}
}
@misc{fds351710,
Author = {Behne, T and Carpenter, M and Gräfenhain, M and Liebal, K and Liszkowski, U and Moll, H and Rakoczy, H and Tomasello, M and Warneken,
F and Wyman, E},
Title = {Cultural learning and cultural creation},
Pages = {65-101},
Booktitle = {Social Life and Social Knowledge: Toward a Process Account
of Development},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780203809587},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203809587},
Doi = {10.4324/9780203809587},
Key = {fds351710}
}
@misc{fds375279,
Author = {Ibbotson, P and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Analogical mapping in construction learning},
Pages = {21-22},
Booktitle = {The Routledge Encyclopedia of Second Language
Acquisition},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780415877510},
Key = {fds375279}
}
@article{fds351721,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Call, J},
Title = {Methodological challenges in the study of primate
cognition},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {334},
Number = {6060},
Pages = {1227-1228},
Year = {2011},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1213443},
Abstract = {Laboratory studies of primate cognition face the problem
that captive populations of a species are not always
comparable, and generalizations to natural populations are
never certain. Studies of primate cognition in the field
face the problem that replications are expensive and
difficult, and again different populations are not always
comparable. To help remedy these problems, we recommend the
creation of data banks where primary data and videotapes may
be deposited (perhaps as a requirement of publication) to
facilitate cross-examination, replication, and, eventually,
the pooling of data across investigators.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1213443},
Key = {fds351721}
}
@article{fds351722,
Author = {Bullinger, AF and Wyman, E and Melis, AP and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Coordination of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in a Stag Hunt
Game},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {32},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1296-1310},
Year = {2011},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-011-9546-3},
Abstract = {Group-living animals frequently face situations in which
they must coordinate individual and sometimes conflicting
goals. We assessed chimpanzees' ability to coordinate in a
Stag Hunt game. Dyads were confronted with a situation in
which each individual was already foraging on a low-value
food (hare) when a high-value food (stag) appeared that
required collaboration for retrieval, with a solo attempt to
get the stag resulting in a loss of both options. In one
condition visibility between partners was open whereas in
the other it was blocked by a barrier. Regardless of
condition, dyads almost always (91%) coordinated to choose
the higher valued collaborative option. Intentional
communication or monitoring of the partner's behavior before
decision making-characteristic of much human
coordination-were limited. Instead, all dyads adopted a
leader-follower strategy in which one partner took the risk
of going first, presumably predicting that this would induce
the other to join in (sometimes communicating if she was
slow to do so). These results show that humans' closest
primate relatives do not use complex communication to
coordinate but most often use a less cognitively complex
strategy that achieves the same end. © 2011 Springer
Science+Business Media, LLC.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-011-9546-3},
Key = {fds351722}
}
@article{fds320795,
Author = {Herrmann, E and Hare, B and Cissewski, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {A comparison of temperament in nonhuman apes and human
infants.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {14},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1393-1405},
Year = {2011},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01082.x},
Abstract = {The adaptive behavior of primates, including humans, is
often mediated by temperament. Human behavior likely differs
from that of other primates in part due to temperament. In
the current study we compared the reaction of bonobos,
chimpanzees, orangutans, and 2.5-year-old human infants to
novel objects and people - as a measure of their
shyness-boldness, a key temperamental trait. Human children
at the age of 2.5 years avoided novelty of all kinds far
more than the other ape species. This response was most
similar to that seen in bonobos and least like that of
chimpanzees and orangutans. This comparison represents a
first step in characterizing the temperamental profiles of
species in the hominoid clade, and these findings are
consistent with the hypothesis that human temperament has
evolved since our lineage diverged from the other apes in
ways that likely have broad effects on behavior. These
findings also provide new insights into how species
differences in ecology may shape differences in
temperament.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01082.x},
Key = {fds320795}
}
@article{fds351723,
Author = {Bullinger, AF and Melis, AP and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, prefer individual over
collaborative strategies towards goals},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {82},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1135-1141},
Year = {2011},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.08.008},
Abstract = {Chimpanzees engage in a number of group activities, but it
is still unclear to what extent they prefer mutualistic
collaborative strategies over individual strategies to
achieve their goals. In one experiment, we gave chimpanzees
the choice between pulling a platform to within reach either
individually or collaboratively with a tolerant partner,
both strategies having equivalent payoffs. Overall,
chimpanzees preferred the individual option, and this
preference was independent of the type of reward for which
they were working (food or tool). In a second experiment,
chimpanzees switched to the collaboration option as soon as
the payoff was increased for this option. These results
suggest that chimpanzees prefer to work alone in
foraging-like situations and choose collaboration only if it
maximizes their reward. These results thus make a strong
case for the hypothesis that differences between humans' and
chimpanzees' collaboration are to a great extent due to
motivational differences. © 2011 The Association for the
Study of Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.08.008},
Key = {fds351723}
}
@article{fds351724,
Author = {Dittmar, M and Abbot-Smith, K and Lieven, E and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Children aged 2 ; 1 use transitive syntax to make a
semantic-role interpretation in a pointing
task.},
Journal = {Journal of child language},
Volume = {38},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1109-1123},
Year = {2011},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000910000747},
Abstract = {The current study used a forced choice pointing paradigm to
examine whether English children aged 2 ; 1 can use abstract
knowledge of the relationship between word order position
and semantic roles to make an active behavioural decision
when interpreting active transitive sentences with novel
verbs, when the actions are identical in the target and foil
video clips. The children pointed significantly above chance
with novel verbs but only if the final trial was excluded.
With familiar verbs the children pointed consistently above
chance. Children aged 2 ; 7 did not show these tiring
effects and their performance in the familiar and novel verb
conditions was always equivalent.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0305000910000747},
Key = {fds351724}
}
@article{fds351725,
Author = {Haun, DBM and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Conformity to peer pressure in preschool
children.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {82},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1759-1767},
Year = {2011},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01666.x},
Abstract = {Both adults and adolescents often conform their behavior and
opinions to peer groups, even when they themselves know
better. The current study investigated this phenomenon in 24
groups of 4 children between 4;2 and 4;9 years of age.
Children often made their judgments conform to those of 3
peers, who had made obviously erroneous but unanimous public
judgments right before them. A follow-up study with 18
groups of 4 children between 4;0 and 4;6 years of age
revealed that children did not change their "real" judgment
of the situation, but only their public expression of it.
Preschool children are subject to peer pressure, indicating
sensitivity to peers as a primary social reference group
already during the preschool years.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01666.x},
Key = {fds351725}
}
@article{fds351726,
Author = {Rossano, F and Rakoczy, H and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children's understanding of violations of property
rights.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {121},
Number = {2},
Pages = {219-227},
Year = {2011},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2011.06.007},
Abstract = {The present work investigated young children's normative
understanding of property rights using a novel methodology.
Two- and 3-year-old children participated in situations in
which an actor (1) took possession of an object for himself,
and (2) attempted to throw it away. What varied was who
owned the object: the actor himself, the child subject, or a
third party. We found that while both 2- and 3-year-old
children protested frequently when their own object was
involved, only 3-year-old children protested more when a
third party's object was involved than when the actor was
acting on his own object. This suggests that at the latest
around 3 years of age young children begin to understand the
normative dimensions of property rights.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2011.06.007},
Key = {fds351726}
}
@article{fds351727,
Author = {Rekers, Y and Haun, DBM and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Children, but not chimpanzees, prefer to
collaborate.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {21},
Number = {20},
Pages = {1756-1758},
Year = {2011},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2011.08.066},
Abstract = {Human societies are built on collaborative activities.
Already from early childhood, human children are skillful
and proficient collaborators. They recognize when they need
help in solving a problem and actively recruit collaborators
[1, 2]. The societies of other primates are also to some
degree cooperative. Chimpanzees, for example, engage in a
variety of cooperative activities such as border patrols,
group hunting, and intra- and intergroup coalitionary
behavior [3-5]. Recent studies have shown that chimpanzees
possess many of the cognitive prerequisites necessary for
human-like collaboration. Chimpanzees have been shown to
recognize when they need help in solving a problem and to
actively recruit good over bad collaborators [6, 7].
However, cognitive abilities might not be all that differs
between chimpanzees and humans when it comes to cooperation.
Another factor might be the motivation to engage in a
cooperative activity. Here, we hypothesized that a key
difference between human and chimpanzee collaboration-and so
potentially a key mechanism in the evolution of human
cooperation-is a simple preference for collaborating (versus
acting alone) to obtain food. Our results supported this
hypothesis, finding that whereas children strongly prefer to
work together with another to obtain food, chimpanzees show
no such preference.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2011.08.066},
Key = {fds351727}
}
@article{fds351728,
Author = {Kaminski, J and Neumann, M and Bräuer, J and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Dogs, Canis familiaris, communicate with humans to request
but not to inform},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {82},
Number = {4},
Pages = {651-658},
Year = {2011},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.06.015},
Abstract = {Dogs are especially skilful at comprehending human
communicative signals. This raises the question of whether
they are also able to produce such signals flexibly,
specifically, whether they helpfully produce indicative
('showing') behaviours to inform an ignorant human. In
experiment 1, dogs indicated the location of an object more
frequently when it was something they wanted themselves than
when it was something the human wanted. There was some
suggestion that this might be different when the human was
their owner. So in experiment 2 we investigated whether dogs
could understand when the owner needed helpful information
to find a particular object (out of two) that they needed.
They did not. Our findings, therefore, do not support the
hypothesis that dogs communicate with humans to inform them
of things they do not know. © 2011 The Association for the
Study of Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.06.015},
Key = {fds351728}
}
@article{fds351729,
Author = {Pettersson, H and Kaminski, J and Herrmann, E and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Understanding of human communicative motives in domestic
dogs},
Journal = {Applied Animal Behaviour Science},
Volume = {133},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {235-245},
Year = {2011},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2011.05.008},
Abstract = {Chimpanzees find it easier to locate food when a human
prohibits them from going to a certain location than when
she indicates that location helpfully. Human children, in
contrast, use the cooperative gesture more readily. The
question here was whether domestic dogs are more like
chimpanzees, in this regard, or more like human children. In
our first study we presented 40 dogs with two communicative
contexts. In the cooperative context the experimenter
informed the subject where food was hidden by pointing
helpfully (with a cooperative tone of voice). In the
competitive context the experimenter extended her arm
towards the correct location in a prohibitive manner, palm
of hand out (uttering a forbidding command in a prohibitive
tone of voice). Dogs were successful in the cooperative
condition (P=0.005) but chose randomly in the competitive
condition (P=0.221). The second study independently varied
the two characteristics of the communicative gesture (the
gesture itself and the tone of voice). In addition to
replicating dogs' better performance with the cooperative
gestures, this study suggests that tone of voice and context
had more effect than type of gesture. In the context of food
acquisition, domestic dogs, like human children, seem more
prepared to use human gestures when they are given
cooperatively. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.applanim.2011.05.008},
Key = {fds351729}
}
@article{fds351730,
Author = {Melis, AP and Schneider, AC and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, share food in the same way
after collaborative and individual food acquisition},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {82},
Number = {3},
Pages = {485-493},
Year = {2011},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.05.024},
Abstract = {We investigated the hypothesis that patterns of chimpanzee
food sharing are influenced by whether individuals
contributed to its acquisition collaboratively. In two
experiments we exposed pairs of captive chimpanzees to food
acquisition/sharing situations in which we manipulated (1)
whether or not the two individuals had worked together
collaboratively to retrieve the food and (2) the proximity
of the individuals to the food at the moment of retrieval.
The first experiment resembled a scramble competition
scenario, with nonmonopolizable food. Proximity of
individuals to the food when it arrived was the major
variable affecting amount obtained by subordinates. Whether
or not the food was obtained via collaboration had no
effect. The second experiment resembled a contest
competition scenario, as the food was a single large piece
of fruit that could be more readily monopolized. In this
scenario, dominants obtained more food than subordinates,
the amount of food obtained by 'noncaptors' was affected by
their proximity to the food when it arrived, and again
previous collaboration had no effect. These results suggest
that in many food acquisition situations first-arriver and
first-possessor chimpanzees, as well as dominants in
general, have a significant advantage in food acquisition,
but being a collaborator brings no extra benefits. © 2011
The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.05.024},
Key = {fds351730}
}
@article{fds351731,
Author = {Liebal, K and Carpenter, M and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children's understanding of markedness in non-verbal
communication.},
Journal = {Journal of child language},
Volume = {38},
Number = {4},
Pages = {888-903},
Year = {2011},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000910000383},
Abstract = {Speakers often anticipate how recipients will interpret
their utterances. If they wish some other, less obvious
interpretation, they may 'mark' their utterance (e.g. with
special intonations or facial expressions). We investigated
whether two- and three-year-olds recognize when adults mark
a non-verbal communicative act--in this case a pointing
gesture--as special, and so search for a not-so-obvious
referent. We set up the context of cleaning up and then
pointed to an object. Three-year-olds inferred that the
adult intended the pointing gesture to indicate that object,
and so cleaned it up. However, when the adult marked her
pointing gesture (with exaggerated facial expression) they
took the object's hidden contents or a hidden aspect of it
as the intended referent. Two-year-olds' appreciation of
such marking was less clear-cut. These results demonstrate
that markedness is not just a linguistic phenomenon, but
rather something concerning the pragmatics of intentional
communication more generally.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0305000910000383},
Key = {fds351731}
}
@article{fds351732,
Author = {Salomo, D and Graf, E and Lieven, E and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {The role of perceptual availability and discourse context in
young children's question answering.},
Journal = {Journal of child language},
Volume = {38},
Number = {4},
Pages = {918-931},
Year = {2011},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000910000395},
Abstract = {Three- and four-year-old children were asked predicate-focus
questions ('What's X doing?') about a scene in which an
agent performed an action on a patient. We varied: (i)
whether (or not) the preceding discourse context, which
established the patient as given information, was available
for the questioner; and (ii) whether (or not) the patient
was perceptually available to the questioner when she asked
the question. The main finding in our study differs from
those of previous studies since it suggests that children
are sensitive to the perceptual context at an earlier age
than they are to previous discourse context if they need to
take the questioner's perspective into account. Our finding
indicates that, while children are in principle sensitive to
both factors, young children rely on perceptual availability
when a conflict arises.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0305000910000395},
Key = {fds351732}
}
@article{fds351733,
Author = {Vaish, A and Carpenter, M and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children's responses to guilt displays.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {47},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1248-1262},
Year = {2011},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0024462},
Abstract = {Displaying guilt after a transgression serves to appease the
victim and other group members, restore interpersonal
relationships, and indicate the transgressors' awareness of
and desire to conform to the group's norms. We investigated
whether and when young children are sensitive to these
functions of guilt displays. In Study 1, after 4- and
5-year-old children watched videos of transgressors either
displaying guilt (without explicitly apologizing) or not
displaying guilt, 5-year-olds appropriately inferred that
the victim would be madder at the unremorseful transgressor
and would prefer the remorseful transgressor. They also said
that they would prefer to interact with the remorseful
transgressor, judged the unremorseful transgressor to be
meaner, and, in a distribution of resources task, gave more
resources to the remorseful transgressor. The 4-year-olds
did not draw any of these inferences and distributed the
resources equally. However, Study 2 showed that 4-year-olds
were able to draw appropriate inferences about transgressors
who explicitly apologized versus those who did not
apologize. Thus, 4-year-olds seem to know the appeasement
functions that explicit apologies serve but only when
children have reached the age of 5 years do they seem to
grasp the emotions that apologies stand for, namely, guilt
and remorse, and the appeasement functions that displaying
these emotions serve.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0024462},
Key = {fds351733}
}
@article{fds351734,
Author = {Mersmann, D and Tomasello, M and Call, J and Kaminski, J and Taborsky,
M},
Title = {Simple Mechanisms Can Explain Social Learning in Domestic
Dogs (Canis familiaris)},
Journal = {Ethology},
Volume = {117},
Number = {8},
Pages = {675-690},
Year = {2011},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2011.01919.x},
Abstract = {Recent studies have suggested that domestic dogs (Canis
familiaris) engage in highly complex forms of social
learning. Here, we critically assess the potential
mechanisms underlying social learning in dogs using two
problem-solving tasks. In a classical detour task, the test
dogs benefited from observing a demonstrator walking around
a fence to obtain a reward. However, even inexperienced dogs
did not show a preference for passing the fence at the same
end as the demonstrator. Furthermore, dogs did not need to
observe a complete demonstration by a human demonstrator to
pass the task. Instead, they were just as successful in
solving the problem after seeing a partial demonstration by
an object passing by at the end of the fence. In contrast to
earlier findings, our results suggest that stimulus
enhancement (or affordance learning) might be a powerful
social learning mechanism used by dogs to solve such detour
problems. In the second task, we examined whether naïve
dogs copy actions to solve an instrumental problem. After
controlling for stimulus enhancement and other forms of
social influence (e.g. social facilitation and observational
conditioning), we found that dogs' problem solving was not
influenced by witnessing a skilful demonstrator (either an
unknown human, a conspecific or the dog's owner). Together,
these results add to evidence suggesting that social
learning may often be explained by relatively simple (but
powerful) mechanisms. © 2011 Blackwell Verlag
GmbH.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0310.2011.01919.x},
Key = {fds351734}
}
@article{fds351735,
Author = {Callaghan, T and Moll, H and Rakoczy, H and Warneken, F and Liszkowski,
U and Behne, T and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Early social cognition in three cultural
contexts.},
Journal = {Monographs of the Society for Research in Child
Development},
Volume = {76},
Number = {2},
Pages = {vii-142},
Year = {2011},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5834.2011.00603.x},
Abstract = {The influence of culture on cognitive development is well
established for school age and older children. But almost
nothing is known about how different parenting and
socialization practices in different cultures affect
infants' and young children's earliest emerging cognitive
and social-cognitive skills. In the current monograph, we
report a series of eight studies in which we systematically
assessed the social-cognitive skills of 1- to 3-year-old
children in three diverse cultural settings. One group of
children was from a Western, middle-class cultural setting
in rural Canada and the other two groups were from
traditional, small-scale cultural settings in rural Peru and
India.In a first group of studies, we assessed 1-year-old
children's most basic social-cognitive skills for
understanding the intentions and attention of others:
imitation, helping, gaze following, and communicative
pointing.Children's performance in these tasks was mostly
similar across cultural settings. In a second group of
studies, we assessed 1-year-old children's skills in
participating in interactive episodes of collaboration and
joint attention.Again in these studies the general finding
was one of cross-cultural similarity. In a final pair of
studies, we assessed 2- to 3-year-old children's skills
within two symbolic systems (pretense and pictorial). Here
we found that the Canadian children who had much more
experience with such symbols showed skills at an earlier
age.Our overall conclusion is that young children in all
cultural settings get sufficient amounts of the right kinds
of social experience to develop their most basic
social-cognitive skills for interacting with others and
participating in culture at around the same age. In
contrast, children's acquisition of more culturally specific
skills for use in practices involving artifacts and symbols
is more dependent on specific learning experiences.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5834.2011.00603.x},
Key = {fds351735}
}
@article{fds351737,
Author = {Stumper, B and Bannard, C and Lieven, E and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {"Frequent frames" in German child-directed speech: a limited
cue to grammatical categories.},
Journal = {Cognitive science},
Volume = {35},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1190-1205},
Year = {2011},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-6709.2011.01187.x},
Abstract = {Mintz (2003) found that in English child-directed speech,
frequently occurring frames formed by linking the preceding
(A) and succeeding (B) word (A_x_B) could accurately predict
the syntactic category of the intervening word (x). This has
been successfully extended to French (Chemla, Mintz, Bernal,
& Christophe, 2009). In this paper, we show that, as for
Dutch (Erkelens, 2009), frequent frames in German do not
enable such accurate lexical categorization. This can be
explained by the characteristics of German including a less
restricted word order compared to English or French and the
frequent use of some forms as both determiner and pronoun in
colloquial German. Finally, we explore the relationship
between the accuracy of frames and their potential utility
and find that even some of those frames showing high
token-based accuracy are of limited value because they are
in fact set phrases with little or no variability in the
slot position.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1551-6709.2011.01187.x},
Key = {fds351737}
}
@article{fds351736,
Author = {Hamann, K and Warneken, F and Greenberg, JR and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Collaboration encourages equal sharing in children but not
in chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {476},
Number = {7360},
Pages = {328-331},
Year = {2011},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10278},
Abstract = {Humans actively share resources with one another to a much
greater degree than do other great apes, and much human
sharing is governed by social norms of fairness and equity.
When in receipt of a windfall of resources, human children
begin showing tendencies towards equitable distribution with
others at five to seven years of age. Arguably, however, the
primordial situation for human sharing of resources is that
which follows cooperative activities such as collaborative
foraging, when several individuals must share the spoils of
their joint efforts. Here we show that children of around
three years of age share with others much more equitably in
collaborative activities than they do in either windfall or
parallel-work situations. By contrast, one of humans' two
nearest primate relatives, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes),
'share' (make food available to another individual) just as
often whether they have collaborated with them or not. This
species difference raises the possibility that humans'
tendency to distribute resources equitably may have its
evolutionary roots in the sharing of spoils after
collaborative efforts.},
Doi = {10.1038/nature10278},
Key = {fds351736}
}
@article{fds351738,
Author = {Krajewski, G and Theakston, AL and Lieven, EVM and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {How polish children switch from one case to another when
using novel nouns: Challenges for models of inflectional
morphology},
Journal = {Language and Cognitive Processes},
Volume = {26},
Number = {4-6},
Pages = {830-861},
Year = {2011},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01690965.2010.506062},
Abstract = {The two main models of children's acquisition of
inflectional morphology-the Dual-Mechanism approach and the
usage-based (schema-based) approach-have both been applied
mainly to languages with fairly simple morphological
systems. Here we report two studies of 2-3-year-old Polish
children's ability to generalise across case-inflectional
endings on nouns. In the first study, we found that the
morphological form in which children first encounter a noun
in Polish has a strong effect on their ability to produce
other forms of that same noun. In the second study, we found
that this effect is different depending on the target form
to which children are switching. Similarity between
inflectional endings played a crucial role in facilitating
the task, whereas the simple frequency of either source or
target forms was not a decisive factor in either study.
These findings undermine Dual-Mechanism models that posit
all-ornone acquisition of abstract morphological rules, and
they also present serious challenges for usage-based models,
in which frequency typically plays a key role. © 2010
Psychology Press.},
Doi = {10.1080/01690965.2010.506062},
Key = {fds351738}
}
@article{fds351739,
Author = {Grünloh, T and Lieven, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {German children use prosody to identify participant roles in
transitive sentences},
Journal = {Cognitive Linguistics},
Volume = {22},
Number = {2},
Pages = {393-419},
Year = {2011},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/COGL.2011.015},
Abstract = {Most studies examining children's understanding of
transitive sentences focus on the morphosyntactic properties
of the construction and ignore prosody. But adults use
prosody in many different ways to interpret ambiguous
sentences. In two studies we investigated whether 5-year-old
German children use prosody to determine participant roles
in object-first (OVS) sentences with novel verbs (i.e.,
whether they use prosodic marking to overrule word order as
a cue). Results showed that children identify participant
roles better in this atypically ordered construction when
sentences are realized with the marked, OVS-typical
intonational pattern, especially in combination with case
marking (Study 1). In a second study, we embedded these
sentences into an appropriate discourse context. The results
show that, even in the absence of any case marking, children
understand participant roles when they are realized with the
appropriate intonational pattern. These findings demonstrate
that young children can use intonation to help identify
participant roles in transitive sentences, at least in
marked constructions such as the German object-first (OVS)
construction. © 2011 Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG,
Berlin/New York.},
Doi = {10.1515/COGL.2011.015},
Key = {fds351739}
}
@article{fds351740,
Author = {Moll, H and Carpenter, M and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Social Engagement Leads 2-Year-Olds to Overestimate Others'
Knowledge},
Journal = {Infancy},
Volume = {16},
Number = {3},
Pages = {248-265},
Year = {2011},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7078.2010.00044.x},
Abstract = {Previous research has found that young children recognize an
adult as being acquainted with an object most readily when
the child and adult have previously engaged socially with
that object together. In the current study, we tested the
hypothesis that such social engagement is so powerful that
it can sometimes lead children to overestimate what has been
shared. After having shared two objects with an adult in
turn, 2-year-old children played with a third object the
adult could not see. In three out of four conditions, the
adult remained co-present and/or communicated to the child
while she played with the third object. Children falsely
perceived the adult as being acquainted with the third
object when she remained co-present (whether or not she also
communicated) but not when she clearly terminated the
interaction by disengaging and leaving. These results
suggest that when young children are engaged with a
co-present person they tend to overestimate the other's
knowledge. © International Society on Infant Studies
(ISIS).},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1532-7078.2010.00044.x},
Key = {fds351740}
}
@article{fds351741,
Author = {Schmidt, MFH and Rakoczy, H and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children attribute normativity to novel actions
without pedagogy or normative language.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {14},
Number = {3},
Pages = {530-539},
Year = {2011},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.01000.x},
Abstract = {Young children interpret some acts performed by adults as
normatively governed, that is, as capable of being performed
either rightly or wrongly. In previous experiments, children
have made this interpretation when adults introduced them to
novel acts with normative language (e.g. 'this is the way it
goes'), along with pedagogical cues signaling culturally
important information, and with social-pragmatic marking
that this action is a token of a familiar type. In the
current experiment, we exposed children to novel actions
with no normative language, and we systematically varied
pedagogical and social-pragmatic cues in an attempt to
identify which of them, if either, would lead children to
normative interpretations. We found that young 3-year-old
children inferred normativity without any normative language
and without any pedagogical cues. The only cue they used was
adult social-pragmatic marking of the action as familiar, as
if it were a token of a well-known type (as opposed to
performing it, as if inventing it on the spot). These
results suggest that - in the absence of explicit normative
language - young children interpret adult actions as
normatively governed based mainly on the intentionality
(perhaps signaling conventionality) with which they are
performed.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.01000.x},
Key = {fds351741}
}
@article{fds366596,
Author = {Brandt, S and Verhagen, A and Lieven, E and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {German children's productivity with simple transitive and
complement-clause constructions: Testing the effects of
frequency and variability},
Journal = {Cognitive Linguistics},
Volume = {22},
Number = {2},
Pages = {325-357},
Year = {2011},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/COGL.2011.013},
Abstract = {The development of abstract schemas and productive rules in
language is affected by both token and type frequencies.
High token frequencies and surface similarities help to
discover formal and functional commonalities between
utterances and categorize them as instances of the same
schema. High type frequencies and diversity help to develop
slots in these schemas, which allow the production and
comprehension of novel utterances. In the current study we
looked at both token and type frequencies in two related
constructions in German child-directed speech: simple
transitive and complement-clause constructions. Both
constructions contain high frequency verbs, which
potentially support the development of verb-specific
schemas. However, only the frequent verbs in the transitive
constructions occur with a variety of subject types, which
also supports the development of a slot in the subject
position. We then used an elicited production task to
compare 4- and 5-year-old German-speaking children's
productivity with simple transitive constructions and
complement-clause constructions. The children were prompted
to change the subjects of high and low frequency simple
transitive verbs, such as essen 'eat' and naschen 'nibble',
mental-state complement-taking verbs, such as denken 'think'
and vermuten 'presume', and communication complement-taking
verbs, such as sagen 'say' and berichten 'report'. In
accordance with earlier findings, children had less
difficulty producing new utterances with high frequency
transitive verbs than with low frequency transitive verbs.
For the other verb classes, however, we found either reverse
frequency effects or no frequency effects. For these verb
classes, children's productivity can be determined by
diversity rather than simple token frequency. We discuss how
token frequency interacts with diversity, discourse
function, semantic complexity, and syntactic complexity. ©
2011 Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/New
York.},
Doi = {10.1515/COGL.2011.013},
Key = {fds366596}
}
@article{fds351742,
Author = {Jorschick, L and Endesfelder Quick and A and Glässer, D and Lieven, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {German-English-speaking children's mixed NPs with 'correct'
agreement},
Journal = {Bilingualism},
Volume = {14},
Number = {2},
Pages = {173-183},
Year = {2011},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1366728910000131},
Abstract = {Previous research has reported that bilingual children
sometimes produce mixed noun phrases with 'correct' gender
agreement- A s in der dog (der being a masculine determiner
in German and the German word for dog, hund, being masculine
as well). However, these could obviously be due to chance or
to the indiscriminate use of a default determiner. In the
current study, we established with high statistical
reliability that each of three German-English bilingual
children, of 2-4 years of age, produced such mixed NPs with
'correct' agreement at significantly greater than chance
levels. Also noteworthy was the fact that all three children
produced such NPs with German determiners and English nouns
much more frequently than the reverse. These findings
provide a solid statistical foundation for further studies
into the phenomenon of mixed noun phrases with 'correct'
gender agreement.},
Doi = {10.1017/S1366728910000131},
Key = {fds351742}
}
@article{fds351743,
Author = {Vaish, A and Missana, M and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Three-year-old children intervene in third-party moral
transgressions.},
Journal = {The British journal of developmental psychology},
Volume = {29},
Number = {Pt 1},
Pages = {124-130},
Year = {2011},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/026151010x532888},
Abstract = {We investigated children's moral behaviour in situations in
which a third party was harmed (the test case for possession
of agent-neutral moral norms). A 3-year-old and two puppets
each created a picture or clay sculpture, after which one
puppet left the room. In the Harm condition, the remaining
(actor) puppet then destroyed the absent (recipient)
puppet's picture or sculpture. In a Control condition, the
actor acted similarly but in a way that did not harm the
recipient. Children protested during the actor's actions,
and, upon the recipient's return, tattled on the actor and
behaved prosocially towards the recipient more in the Harm
than in the Control condition. This is the first study to
show that children as young as 3 years of age actively
intervene in third-party moral transgressions.},
Doi = {10.1348/026151010x532888},
Key = {fds351743}
}
@article{fds351744,
Author = {Schmelz, M and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Chimpanzees know that others make inferences.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {108},
Number = {7},
Pages = {3077-3079},
Year = {2011},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1000469108},
Abstract = {If chimpanzees are faced with two opaque boards on a table,
in the context of searching for a single piece of food, they
do not choose the board lying flat (because if food was
under there it would not be lying flat) but, rather, they
choose the slanted one- presumably inferring that some
unperceived food underneath is causing the slant. Here we
demonstrate that chimpanzees know that other chimpanzees in
the same situation will make a similar inference. In a
back-and-forth foraging game, when their competitor had
chosen before them, chimpanzees tended to avoid the slanted
board on the assumption that the competitor had already
chosen it. Chimpanzees can determine the inferences that a
conspecific is likely to make and then adjust their
competitive strategies accordingly.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1000469108},
Key = {fds351744}
}
@article{fds351745,
Author = {Kaminski, J and Nitzschner, M and Wobber, V and Tennie, C and Bräuer,
J and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Do dogs distinguish rational from irrational
acts?},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {81},
Number = {1},
Pages = {195-203},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.10.001},
Abstract = {Range et al. (2007, Current Biology, 17, 868-872) found that
dogs, Canis familiaris, copy others' means to achieve a goal
more often when those means are the rational solution to a
problem than when they are irrational. In our first
experiment, we added a further control condition and failed
to replicate this result, suggesting that dogs in the
previous study may have been distracted in the irrational
condition rather than selectively attending to the
irrational nature of the action. In a second experiment, the
demonstrator used an unusual means (an extended leg) to
communicate the location of food, either rationally (her
hands were occupied) or irrationally (she could have used
her hand). Dogs succeeded in finding the food irrespective
of whether the leg action was rational or irrational. Our
results suggest that dogs do not distinguish rational from
irrational acts, instead simply being proficient at
monitoring human behavioural patterns. © 2010 The
Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.10.001},
Key = {fds351745}
}
@article{fds351746,
Author = {Melis, AP and Warneken, F and Jensen, K and Schneider, AC and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Chimpanzees help conspecifics obtain food and non-food
items},
Journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological
Sciences},
Volume = {278},
Number = {1710},
Pages = {1405-1413},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1735},
Abstract = {Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) sometimes help both humans and
conspecifics in experimental situations in which immediate
selfish benefits can be ruled out. However, in several
experiments, chimpanzees have not provided food to a
conspecific even when it would cost them nothing, leading to
the hypothesis that prosociality in the food-provisioning
context is a derived trait in humans. Here, we show that
chimpanzees help conspecifics obtain both food and non-food
items-given that the donor cannot get the food herself.
Furthermore, we show that the key factor eliciting
chimpanzees' targeted helping is the recipients' attempts to
either get the food or get the attention of the potential
donor. The current findings add to the accumulating body of
evidence that humans and chimpanzees share the motivation
and skills necessary to help others in situations in which
they cannot selfishly benefit. Humans, however, show
prosocial motives more readily and in a wider range of
contexts. © 2010 The Royal Society.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2010.1735},
Key = {fds351746}
}
@article{fds351747,
Author = {Liszkowski, U and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Individual differences in social, cognitive, and
morphological aspects of infant pointing},
Journal = {Cognitive Development},
Volume = {26},
Number = {1},
Pages = {16-29},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2010.10.001},
Abstract = {Little is known about the origins of the pointing gesture.
We sought to gain insight into its emergence by
investigating individual differences in the pointing of
12-month-old infants in two ways. First, we looked at
differences in the communicative and interactional uses of
pointing and asked how different hand shapes relate to point
frequency, accompanying vocalizations, and mothers'
pointing. Second, we looked at differences in
social-cognitive skills of point comprehension and imitation
and tested whether these were related to infants' own
pointing. Infants' and mothers' spontaneous pointing
correlated with one another, as did infants' point
production and comprehension. In particular, infants'
index-finger pointing had a profile different from simple
whole-hand pointing. It was more frequent, it was more often
accompanied by vocalizations, and it correlated more
strongly with comprehension of pointing (especially to
occluded referents). We conclude that whole-hand and
index-finger pointing differ qualitatively and suggest that
it is index-finger pointing that first embodies infants'
understanding of communicative intentions. © 2011 Elsevier
Inc.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogdev.2010.10.001},
Key = {fds351747}
}
@article{fds351749,
Author = {Warneken, F and Lohse, K and Melis, AP and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Young children share the spoils after collaboration},
Journal = {Psychological Science},
Volume = {22},
Number = {2},
Pages = {267-273},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797610395392},
Abstract = {Egalitarian behavior is considered to be a species-typical
component of human cooperation. Human adults tend to share
resources equally, even if they have the opportunity to keep
a larger portion for themselves. Recent experiments have
suggested that this tendency emerges fairly late in human
ontogeny, not before 6 or 7 years of age. Here we show that
3-year-old children share mostly equally with a peer after
they have worked together actively to obtain rewards in a
collaboration task, even when those rewards could easily be
monopolized. These findings contrast with previous findings
from a similar experiment with chimpanzees, who tended to
monopolize resources whenever they could. The potentially
species-unique tendency of humans to share equally emerges
early in ontogeny, perhaps originating in collaborative
interactions among peers. © The Author(s)
2011.},
Doi = {10.1177/0956797610395392},
Key = {fds351749}
}
@article{fds351750,
Author = {Scheider, L and Grassmann, S and Kaminski, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Domestic dogs use contextual information and tone of voice
when following a human pointing gesture.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {6},
Number = {7},
Pages = {e21676},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021676},
Abstract = {Domestic dogs are skillful at using the human pointing
gesture. In this study we investigated whether dogs take
contextual information into account when following pointing
gestures, specifically, whether they follow human pointing
gestures more readily in the context in which food has been
found previously. Also varied was the human's tone of voice
as either imperative or informative. Dogs were more
sustained in their searching behavior in the 'context'
condition as opposed to the 'no context' condition,
suggesting that they do not simply follow a pointing gesture
blindly but use previously acquired contextual information
to inform their interpretation of that pointing gesture.
Dogs also showed more sustained searching behavior when
there was pointing than when there was not, suggesting that
they expect to find a referent when they see a human point.
Finally, dogs searched more in high-pitched informative
trials as opposed to the low-pitched imperative trials,
whereas in the latter dogs seemed more inclined to respond
by sitting. These findings suggest that a dog's response to
a pointing gesture is flexible and depends on the context as
well as the human's tone of voice.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0021676},
Key = {fds351750}
}
@article{fds351751,
Author = {Bullinger, AF and Zimmermann, F and Kaminski, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Different social motives in the gestural communication of
chimpanzees and human children.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {14},
Number = {1},
Pages = {58-68},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.00952.x},
Abstract = {Both chimpanzees and human infants use the pointing gesture
with human adults, but it is not clear if they are doing so
for the same social motives. In two studies, we presented
chimpanzees and human 25-month-olds with the opportunity to
point for a hidden tool (in the presence of a non-functional
distractor). In one condition it was clear that the tool
would be used to retrieve a reward for the pointing subject
(so the pointing was selfish or 'for-me'), whereas in the
other condition it was clear that the tool would be used to
retrieve the reward for the experimenter (so the pointing
was helpful or 'for-you'). The chimpanzees pointed reliably
only when they themselves benefited, whereas the human
children pointed reliably no matter who benefited. These
results are interpreted as evidence for the especially
cooperative nature of human communication.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.00952.x},
Key = {fds351751}
}
@misc{fds320796,
Author = {Wobber, V and Herrmann, E and Hare, B and Wrangham, R and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Species differences in the rate of cognitive ontogeny among
humans, chimpanzees, and bonobos},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {144},
Pages = {313-314},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds320796}
}
@misc{fds351752,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Human Culture in Evolutionary Perspective},
Volume = {1},
Booktitle = {Advances in Culture and Psychology},
Year = {2010},
Month = {December},
ISBN = {9780195380392},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195380392.003.0001},
Abstract = {Many animal species live in complex social groups, some of
whom transmit information across generations "culturally".
Humans' uniquely cultural way of life began with this kind
of social organization but then acquired novel
characteristics as a result of biological adaptations for
interacting with other persons in species-unique forms of
cooperative activity, including collaborative
problem-solving, cooperative communication, and instructed
learning. These more cooperative, cultural ways of doing
things have as their psychological foundation various skills
and motivations for shared intentionality.},
Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195380392.003.0001},
Key = {fds351752}
}
@article{fds351753,
Author = {Grosse, G and Moll, H and Tomasello, M},
Title = {21-Month-olds understand the cooperative logic of
requests},
Journal = {Journal of Pragmatics},
Volume = {42},
Number = {12},
Pages = {3377-3383},
Year = {2010},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2010.05.005},
Abstract = {Human communication rests on a basic assumption of partner
cooperativeness, including even requesting. In the current
study, an adult made an ambiguous request for an object to
21-month-old infants, with one potential referent being
right in front of her and the other being across the room.
In a normal situation (Hands-Free), infants interpreted the
request as referring to the distant object-the one the adult
needed help fetching. In contrast, in a situation in which
the adult was constrained so that fetching either object
herself would be difficult (Hands-Occupied), infants
selected the far object much less often. These results
suggest that infants just beginning to acquire language
already understand something of the cooperative logic of
requests. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.pragma.2010.05.005},
Key = {fds351753}
}
@article{fds351754,
Author = {Greenberg, JR and Hamann, K and Warneken, F and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Chimpanzee helping in collaborative and noncollaborative
contexts},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {80},
Number = {5},
Pages = {873-880},
Year = {2010},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.08.008},
Abstract = {Chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, help others in a variety of
contexts. Some researchers have claimed that this only
occurs when food is not involved and the recipient actively
solicits help. In the current study, however, we found that
chimpanzees often helped conspecifics obtain food in a
pulling task with no solicitation whatsoever, in a situation
in which, based on past experience, the conspecific's desire
for the food was apparent. We also assessed whether the
collaborative context of the situation impacted helping
rates. Specifically, we compared how often both partners
obtained rewards when one partner needed the help of the
other, who had already received a reward for free (helping
without collaboration), and when one partner needed the
other's help after they had already begun collaborating
(helping during collaboration). Partners provided assistance
significantly more often in both of these helping conditions
than in a control condition in which partners could provide
unneeded help. However, unlike human children who have been
tested in a similar task, chimpanzees did not help their
partner more during (than without) collaboration. These
results suggest that chimpanzees' helping behaviour is more
robust than previously believed, but at the same time may
have different evolutionary roots from the helping behaviour
of humans. © 2010 The Association for the Study of Animal
Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.08.008},
Key = {fds351754}
}
@article{fds351755,
Author = {Grassmann, S and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Prosodic stress on a word directs 24-month-olds' attention
to a contextually new referent},
Journal = {Journal of Pragmatics},
Volume = {42},
Number = {11},
Pages = {3098-3105},
Year = {2010},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2010.04.019},
Abstract = {From the very beginning of language acquisition, young
children are sensitive to what is given versus what is new
in their discourse with others. Here we ask whether
24-month-olds use this skill to interpret prosodic
highlighting as an invitation to focus their attention on
what is new in the situation. Using an eye-tracking
methodology, we compared children's visual fixation of
referents that were given versus those that were new in the
situation when the prosodic highlighting of their
corresponding word varied. Results showed that 24-month-old
children looked longer to the referents of prosodically
stressed words when those referents were new to the context.
Neither stress of the word alone nor newness of the referent
alone was sufficient to induce children to focus their
attention on the target referent. These results suggest that
from an early age children understand at least one important
communicative function of prosodic stress. © 2010 Elsevier
B.V.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.pragma.2010.04.019},
Key = {fds351755}
}
@article{fds351756,
Author = {Vaish, A and Carpenter, M and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children selectively avoid helping people with harmful
intentions.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {81},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1661-1669},
Year = {2010},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01500.x},
Abstract = {Two studies investigated whether young children are
selectively prosocial toward others, based on the others'
moral behaviors. In Study 1 (N = 54), 3-year-olds watched 1
adult (the actor) harming or helping another adult. Children
subsequently helped the harmful actor less often than a
third (previously neutral) adult, but helped the helpful and
neutral adults equally often. In Study 2 (N = 36),
3-year-olds helped an actor who intended but failed to harm
another adult less often than a neutral adult, but helped an
accidentally harmful and a neutral adult equally often.
Children's prosocial behavior was thus mediated by the
intentions behind the actor's moral behavior, irrespective
of outcome. Children thus selectively avoid helping those
who cause--or even intend to cause--others
harm.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01500.x},
Key = {fds351756}
}
@article{fds351757,
Author = {Grosse, G and Behne, T and Carpenter, M and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Infants communicate in order to be understood.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {46},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1710-1722},
Year = {2010},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0020727},
Abstract = {Infants intentionally communicate with others from before
their 1st birthday. But there is some question about how
they understand the communicative process. Do they
understand that for their request to work the recipient must
both understand the request and be cooperatively disposed to
fulfill it? On the basis of the study by Shwe and Markman
(1997), we developed a new paradigm that tested whether and
how 18-, 24-, and 30-month-old children repair a failed
request. Children at all ages repaired their requests in the
case of a misunderstanding even if they had obtained the
requested object already. They also repaired differently
depending on the precise reason for the communicative
failure (e.g., misunderstanding the referent versus the
communicative intent) and did not repair in the case of
correct understanding, even if they did not get the
requested object. Thus, from very early in their
communicative careers, young children operate with a basic
understanding of the mental and cooperative nature of human
communication.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0020727},
Key = {fds351757}
}
@article{fds351758,
Author = {Rakoczy, H and Hamann, K and Warneken, F and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Bigger knows better: young children selectively learn rule
games from adults rather than from peers.},
Journal = {The British journal of developmental psychology},
Volume = {28},
Number = {Pt 4},
Pages = {785-798},
Year = {2010},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/026151009x479178},
Abstract = {Preschoolers' selective learning from adult versus peer
models was investigated. Extending previous research,
children from age 3 were shown to selectively learn simple
rule games from adult rather than peer models. Furthermore,
this selective learning was not confined to preferentially
performing certain acts oneself, but more specifically had a
normative dimension to it: children understood the way the
adult demonstrated an act not only as the better one, but as
the normatively appropriate/correct one. This was indicated
in their spontaneous normative interventions (protest,
critique, etc.) in response to third party acts deviating
from the one demonstrated by the adult model. Various
interpretations of these findings are discussed in the
broader context of the development of children's social
cognition and cultural learning.},
Doi = {10.1348/026151009x479178},
Key = {fds351758}
}
@article{fds351759,
Author = {Moll, H and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Infant cognition},
Journal = {Current Biology},
Volume = {20},
Number = {20},
Year = {2010},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2010.09.001},
Abstract = {Until fairly recently, young infants were thought to be as
cognitively incompetent as they were morally innocent. They
were epistemological 'tabulae rasae', helpless 'bundles of
reflexes' who spent all of their time sleeping, crying and
sucking. In the famous words of William James, infants lived
in "one great blooming, buzzing confusion". © 2010 Elsevier
Ltd. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2010.09.001},
Key = {fds351759}
}
@article{fds351761,
Author = {Liebal, K and Carpenter, M and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Infants' use of shared experience in declarative
pointing},
Journal = {Infancy},
Volume = {15},
Number = {5},
Pages = {545-556},
Year = {2010},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7078.2009.00028.x},
Abstract = {In this study, we asked whether 14- and 18-month-old infants
use the experiences they have previously shared with others
when deciding what to point to for them declaratively. After
sharing a particular type of referent with an adult in an
excited manner, 18-month-olds subsequently found a picture
of that type of referent more worthy of declarative pointing
than some other picture-but only for that adult, not for a
different adult. Mixed results were found with
14-month-olds. We thus show that by 18 months, infants
accurately track their shared experiences with specific
individuals and use this to make communicative decisions.
These results also demonstrate that infants sometimes use
declarative pointing to indicate not totally "new" things,
as in the classic formulation, but things which are "old" in
the sense that "we" should recognize them as similar to
something we have previously shared. © International
Society on Infant Studies (ISIS).},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1532-7078.2009.00028.x},
Key = {fds351761}
}
@article{fds351762,
Author = {Kirschner Sebastian and S and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Joint music making promotes prosocial behavior in 4-year-old
children},
Journal = {Evolution and Human Behavior},
Volume = {31},
Number = {5},
Pages = {354-364},
Year = {2010},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.04.004},
Abstract = {Humansw are the only primates that make music. But the
evolutionary origins and functions of music are unclear.
Given that in traditional cultures music making and dancing
are often integral parts of important group ceremonies such
as initiation rites, weddings or preparations for battle,
one hypothesis is that music evolved into a tool that
fosters social bonding and group cohesion, ultimately
increasing prosocial in-group behavior and cooperation. Here
we provide support for this hypothesis by showing that joint
music making among 4-year-old children increases subsequent
spontaneous cooperative and helpful behavior, relative to a
carefully matched control condition with the same level of
social and linguistic interaction but no music. Among other
functional mechanisms, we propose that music making,
including joint singing and dancing, encourages the
participants to keep a constant audiovisual representation
of the collective intention and shared goal of vocalizing
and moving together in time - thereby effectively satisfying
the intrinsic human desire to share emotions, experiences
and activities with others. © 2010 Elsevier
Inc.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.04.004},
Key = {fds351762}
}
@article{fds351763,
Author = {Brandt, S and Lieven, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Development ofword order in german complement-clause
constructions: Effects of input frequencies, lexical items,
and discourse function},
Journal = {Language},
Volume = {86},
Number = {3},
Pages = {583-610},
Year = {2010},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2010.0010},
Abstract = {We investigate the development of word order in German
children's spontaneous production of complement clauses.
From soon after their second birthday, young German children
use both verb-final complements with complementizers and
verb-second complements without complementizers. By their
third birthday they use both kinds of complement clauses
with a variety of complement-taking verbs. Early in
development, however, verb-final complements and verbsecond
complements are used with separate sets of complement-taking
verbs, and they are used with separate sets of item-specific
main-clause phrases. For example, initially phrases such as
'I want to see' were used exclusively with verb-final
complements, whereas phrases such as 'do you see' and 'you
have to say' were used exclusively with verb-second
complements. Only later in development-when specific
complement-taking verbs were used with both verb-second and
verbfinal complements, with a greater variety of main-clause
phrases, and when specific main-clause phrases were used
with both verb-second and verb-final complements-was there
evidence for structural links between these various,
item-based, complement-clause constructions.},
Doi = {10.1353/lan.2010.0010},
Key = {fds351763}
}
@misc{fds351760,
Author = {Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {What Chimpanzees Know about Seeing, Revisited: An
Explanation of the Third Kind},
Booktitle = {Joint Attention Communication and Other Minds: Issues in
Philosophy and Psychology},
Year = {2010},
Month = {September},
ISBN = {9780199245635},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199245635.003.0003},
Abstract = {Chimpanzees follow the gaze of conspecifics and humans
-follow it past distractors and behind barriers, 'check
back' with humans when gaze following does not yield
interesting sights, use gestures appropriately depending on
the visual access of their recipient, and select different
pieces of food depending on whether their competitor has
visual access to them. Taken together, these findings make a
strong case for the hypothesis that chimpanzees have some
understanding of what other individuals can and cannot see.
However, chimpanzees do not seem nearly so skillful in the
Gesture Choice and Object Choice experimental paradigms.
Neither behavioral conditioning nor theory of mind
explanations can account for these results satisfactorily.
Instead this chapter proposes the idea that chimpanzees have
the cognitive skills to recall, represent, categorize, and
reason about the behavior and perception of others, but not
their intentional or mental states, because they do not know
that others have such states since they cannot make a link
to their own. Human beings began their own evolutionary
trajectory with these same skills, but then at some point in
their evolution (probably quite recently) they began to
understand that their own experience could serve as some
kind of model for that of other persons. This allowed for
even better prediction and control of the behavior of others
and better communication and cooperation with them as well,
and so it was an adaptation with immediate adaptive
consequences that ensured its survival.},
Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199245635.003.0003},
Key = {fds351760}
}
@article{fds320798,
Author = {Herrmann, E and Hare, B and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Differences in the cognitive skills of bonobos and
chimpanzees.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {5},
Number = {8},
Pages = {e12438},
Year = {2010},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012438},
Abstract = {While bonobos and chimpanzees are both genetically and
behaviorally very similar, they also differ in significant
ways. Bonobos are more cautious and socially tolerant while
chimpanzees are more dependent on extractive foraging, which
requires tools. The similarities suggest the two species
should be cognitively similar while the behavioral
differences predict where the two species should differ
cognitively. We compared both species on a wide range of
cognitive problems testing their understanding of the
physical and social world. Bonobos were more skilled at
solving tasks related to theory of mind or an understanding
of social causality, while chimpanzees were more skilled at
tasks requiring the use of tools and an understanding of
physical causality. These species differences support the
role of ecological and socio-ecological pressures in shaping
cognitive skills over relatively short periods of
evolutionary time.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0012438},
Key = {fds320798}
}
@misc{fds351764,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Language Development},
Pages = {239-257},
Booktitle = {The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Cognitive
Development, Second edition},
Year = {2010},
Month = {July},
ISBN = {9781405191166},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444325485.ch9},
Doi = {10.1002/9781444325485.ch9},
Key = {fds351764}
}
@article{fds351765,
Author = {Seed, A and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Primate cognition.},
Journal = {Topics in cognitive science},
Volume = {2},
Number = {3},
Pages = {407-419},
Year = {2010},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2010.01099.x},
Abstract = {As the cognitive revolution was slow to come to the study of
animal behavior, the vast majority of what we know about
primate cognition has been discovered in the last 30 years.
Building on the recognition that the physical and social
worlds of humans and their living primate relatives pose
many of the same evolutionary challenges, programs of
research have established that the most basic cognitive
skills and mental representations that humans use to
navigate those worlds are already possessed by other
primates. There may be differences between humans and other
primates, however, in more complex cognitive skills, such as
reasoning about relations, causality, time, and other minds.
Of special importance, the human primate seems to possess a
species-unique set of adaptations for "cultural
intelligence," which are broad reaching in their effects on
human cognition.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1756-8765.2010.01099.x},
Key = {fds351765}
}
@article{fds351766,
Author = {Matthews, D and Lieven, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {What's in a manner of speaking? Children's sensitivity to
partner-specific referential precedents.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {46},
Number = {4},
Pages = {749-760},
Year = {2010},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0019657},
Abstract = {Do young children form "referential pacts"? If a person has
referred to an object with a certain term (e.g., the horse),
will children expect this person to use this term in the
future but allow others to use a different expression (e.g.,
the pony)? One hundred twenty-eight children between 3 and 5
years old co-operated with an experimenter (E1) to move toys
to new locations on a shelf. E1 established referential
terms for all toys in a warm-up game. Then, either the
original partner, E1, or a new partner, E2, played a second
game with the same toys. In this game, the experimenters
referred to toys using either their original terms from the
warm-up game or new terms. Children were slower to react to
new terms than old, and this difference in reaction times
was greater in the original partner condition (but only on
the first trial). Children sometimes protested at the use of
new terms, doing so regardless of their interlocutor's
identity. We contrast these findings with those for adults
and discuss their implications for the debate regarding the
nature of referential pacts.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0019657},
Key = {fds351766}
}
@article{fds351767,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Herrmann, E},
Title = {Ape and human cognition: What's the difference?},
Journal = {Current Directions in Psychological Science},
Volume = {19},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3-8},
Year = {2010},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721409359300},
Abstract = {Humans share the vast majority of their cognitive skills
with other great apes. In addition, however, humans have
also evolved a unique suite of cognitive skills and
motivations-collectively referred to as shared
intentionality-for living collaboratively, learning
socially, and exchanging information in cultural groups. ©
The Author(s) 2010.},
Doi = {10.1177/0963721409359300},
Key = {fds351767}
}
@article{fds351768,
Author = {Melis, AP and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {36-month-olds conceal visual and auditory information from
others.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {13},
Number = {3},
Pages = {479-489},
Year = {2010},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00892.x},
Abstract = {By three years of age, children are skilled at assessing
under which circumstances others can see things. However,
nothing is known about whether they can use this knowledge
to guide their own deceptive behaviour. Here we investigated
3-year-olds' ability to strategically inhibit or conceal
forbidden actions that a nearby adult experimenter could see
or hear. In the first experiment, children were more likely
to disobey the adult when she did not have visual access to
their activities than they were when she was looking at
them. In the second experiment, in which the adult could
never see the child, children refrained from making noise
when engaging in a prohibited action that the adult might
hear. These results suggest that by three years of age
children use their knowledge of others' perceptual states to
decide whether it is safe to commit a transgression and,
moreover, actively conceal perceptual cues that could reveal
to others their ongoing transgression.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00892.x},
Key = {fds351768}
}
@article{fds351779,
Author = {Tennie, C and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Evidence for emulation in chimpanzees in social settings
using the floating peanut task.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {5},
Number = {5},
Pages = {e10544},
Year = {2010},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0010544},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>It is still unclear which observational
learning mechanisms underlie the transmission of difficult
problem-solving skills in chimpanzees. In particular, two
different mechanisms have been proposed: imitation and
emulation. Previous studies have largely failed to control
for social factors when these mechanisms were
targeted.<h4>Methods</h4>In an attempt to resolve the
existing discrepancies, we adopted the 'floating peanut
task', in which subjects need to spit water into a tube
until it is sufficiently full for floating peanuts to be
grasped. In a previous study only a few chimpanzees were
able to invent the necessary solution (and they either did
so in their first trials or never). Here we compared success
levels in baseline tests with two experimental conditions
that followed: 1) A full model condition to test whether
social demonstrations would be effective, and 2) A social
emulation control condition, in which a human experimenter
poured water from a bottle into the tube, to test whether
results information alone (present in both experimental
conditions) would also induce successes. Crucially, we
controlled for social factors in both experimental
conditions. Both types of demonstrations significantly
increased successful spitting, with no differences between
demonstration types. We also found that younger subjects
were more likely to succeed than older ones. Our analysis
showed that mere order effects could not explain our
results.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The full demonstration condition
(which potentially offers additional information to
observers, in the form of actions), induced no more
successes than the emulation condition. Hence, emulation
learning could explain the success in both conditions. This
finding has broad implications for the interpretation of
chimpanzee traditions, for which emulation learning may
perhaps suffice.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0010544},
Key = {fds351779}
}
@misc{fds351769,
Author = {Golinkoff, RM and Hirsh-Pasek, K and Bloom, L and Smith, LB and Woodward, AL and Akhtar, N and Tomasello, M and Hollich,
G},
Title = {Counterpoint commentary},
Booktitle = {Becoming a Word Learner: A Debate on Lexical
Acquisition},
Year = {2010},
Month = {April},
ISBN = {9780195130324},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195130324.003.007},
Abstract = {This chapter contains the authors' reactions to the previous
chapters and stresses the similarities and differences
between these theoretical views. It discusses that part of
the debate concerns whether the first words are more like
the indexical signs of most nonhumans or like the symbols of
the human 4-year-old. It argues that although there are
marked contrasts between the views, the work of all the
authors focuses on a central issue: an understanding of how
infants break the language barrier by learning
words.},
Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195130324.003.007},
Key = {fds351769}
}
@misc{fds351770,
Author = {Akhtar, N and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The Social Nature of Words and Word Learning},
Booktitle = {Becoming a Word Learner: A Debate on Lexical
Acquisition},
Year = {2010},
Month = {April},
ISBN = {9780195130324},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195130324.003.005},
Abstract = {This chapter describes research findings from the
social-pragmatic approach. It discusses that Nameera Akhtar
and Michael Tomasello's dramatic findings demonstrate how
word learning occurs in some fairly complex, nonostensive
situations amid the flow of social interaction. It states
that current models of word learning, as suggested by Akhtar
and Tomasello, undervalue the role of social interaction. It
explains that because language has social goals as its
ultimate purpose, social interactions are the outcome of
word learning.},
Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195130324.003.005},
Key = {fds351770}
}
@misc{fds351771,
Author = {Childers, JB and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Are Nouns Easier to Learn Than Verbs? Three Experimental
Studies},
Booktitle = {Action Meets Word: How Children Learn Verbs},
Year = {2010},
Month = {April},
ISBN = {9780195170009},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195170009.003.0013},
Abstract = {A current controversy in the study of word learning is
whether it is conceptually easier to learn nouns as compared
to verbs early in development. This chapter describes three
experiments which address the noun-verb question in
different ways. In the first experiment, researchers asked
how many times (and on how many days) does a 2-yearold need
to hear a word to be able to learn it, and does this differ
for nouns and verbs? This second study investigates
whether-when nouns and verbs are presented in comparable
sentence contexts, controlling the number of exposures, and
presenting a dynamic event in both the noun and verb
conditions-nouns are easier to learn than are verbs. In
Study 3, researchers compared children's ability to learn
intransitive and transitive verbs and their ability to
understand verbs for self-action as opposed to other action,
to determine whether some of these verb and referent types
are learned more quickly than are others.},
Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195170009.003.0013},
Key = {fds351771}
}
@article{fds351772,
Author = {Abbot-Smith, K and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The influence of frequency and semantic similarity on how
children learn grammar},
Journal = {First Language},
Volume = {30},
Number = {1},
Pages = {79-101},
Year = {2010},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142723709350525},
Abstract = {Lexically based learning and semantic analogy may both play
a role in the learning of grammar. To investigate this,
5-year-old German children were trained on a miniature
language (nominally English) involving two grammatical
constructions, each of which was associated with a different
semantic verb class. Training was followed by elicited
production and grammaticality judgement tests with trained
verbs and a generalization test, involving untrained verbs.
In the trained verbs judgement test the children were above
chance at associating particular verbs with the
constructions in which they had heard them. They did this
significantly more often with verbs which they had heard
especially frequently in particular constructions,
indicating lexically based learning. There was also an
interaction between frequency and semantic class (or the
particular verbs). In the generalization judgement test the
children were at chance overall. In the elicited production
generalization test 75% of the children used the same
construction for all items.},
Doi = {10.1177/0142723709350525},
Key = {fds351772}
}
@article{fds320799,
Author = {Herrmann, E and Hernández-Lloreda, MV and Call, J and Hare, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The structure of individual differences in the cognitive
abilities of children and chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Psychological science},
Volume = {21},
Number = {1},
Pages = {102-110},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797609356511},
Abstract = {Most studies of animal cognition focus on group performance
and neglect individual differences and the correlational
structure of cognitive abilities. Moreover, no previous
studies have compared the correlational structure of
cognitive abilities in nonhuman animals and humans. We
compared the structure of individual differences of 106
chimpanzees and 105 two-year-old human children using 15
cognitive tasks that posed problems about the physical or
social world. We found a similar factor of spatial cognition
for the two species. But whereas the chimpanzees had only a
single factor in addition to spatial cognition, the children
had two distinct additional factors: one for physical
cognition and one for social cognition. These findings, in
combination with previous research, support the proposal
that humans share many cognitive skills with nonhuman apes,
especially for dealing with the physical world, but in
addition have evolved some specialized skills of social
cognition.},
Doi = {10.1177/0956797609356511},
Key = {fds320799}
}
@article{fds351748,
Author = {Ibbotson, P and Theakston, A and Lieven, E and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {The role of pronoun frames in early comprehension of
transitive constructions in English},
Journal = {Language Learning and Development},
Volume = {7},
Number = {1},
Pages = {24-39},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15475441003732914},
Abstract = {Case marking in English in available only on some pronouns
and only in some cases. It is unknown whether young children
acquiring English nevertheless make use of this highly
restricted marking as a cue to sentence interpretation. The
current study therefore examined how 2- and 3-year-old
English children use case-marked pronoun frames and
constructional word order cues (actives versus passives) to
understand agent-patient relations in transitive sentences
containing novel verbs. In a pointing comprehension test,
2-year-olds used pronoun frames containing two case-marked
pronouns to help them interpret grammatical sentences, both
actives and passives, but they were unable to assign agent
patient relationships in any consistent way with
ungrammatical pronoun frames. Threeyear- olds also used
pronoun frames to interpret grammatical active and passive
sentences (with either one or two case-marked pronouns) but
varied in their interpretation of ungrammatical sentences
according to pronoun frame. These results suggest that the
role of case-marked pronouns has been underestimated in
English language acquisition, and that even very young
English children use multiple cues to comprehend transitive
sentences. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.},
Doi = {10.1080/15475441003732914},
Key = {fds351748}
}
@article{fds351775,
Author = {Kidd, E and Lieven, EVM and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Lexical frequency and exemplar-based learning effects in
language acquisition: evidence from sentential
complements},
Journal = {Language Sciences},
Volume = {32},
Number = {1},
Pages = {132-142},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2009.05.002},
Abstract = {Usage-based approaches to language acquisition argue that
children acquire the grammar of their target language using
general-cognitive learning principles. The current paper
reports on an experiment that tested a central assumption of
the usage-based approach: argument structure patterns are
connected to high frequency verbs that facilitate
acquisition. Sixty children (N = 60) aged 4- and 6-years
participated in a sentence recall/lexical priming experiment
that manipulated the frequency with which the target verbs
occurred in the finite sentential complement construction in
English. The results showed that the children performed
better on sentences that contained high frequency verbs.
Furthermore, the children's performance suggested that their
knowledge of finite sentential complements relies most
heavily on one particular verb - think, supporting arguments
made by Goldberg [Goldberg, A.E., 2006. Constructions at
Work: The Nature of Generalization in Language. Oxford
University Press, Oxford], who argued that skewed input
facilitates language learning. Crown Copyright ©
2009.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.langsci.2009.05.002},
Key = {fds351775}
}
@article{fds351776,
Author = {Salomo, D and Lieven, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children's sensitivity to new and given information
when answering predicate-focus questions},
Journal = {Applied Psycholinguistics},
Volume = {31},
Number = {1},
Pages = {101-115},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S014271640999018X},
Abstract = {In two studies we investigated 2-year-old children's answers
to predicate-focus questions depending on the preceding
context. Children were presented with a successive series of
short video clips showing transitive actions (e.g., frog
washing duck) in which either the action (action-new) or the
patient (patient-new) was the changing, and therefore new,
element. During the last scene the experimenter asked the
question (e.g., What's the frog doing now?). We found that
children expressed the action and the patient in the
patient-new condition but expressed only the action in the
action-new condition. These results show that children are
sensitive to both the predicate-focus question and newness
in context. A further finding was that children expressed
new patients in their answers more often when there was a
verbal context prior to the questions than when there was
not. © 2009 Cambridge University Press.},
Doi = {10.1017/S014271640999018X},
Key = {fds351776}
}
@article{fds351777,
Author = {Chan, A and Meints, K and Lieven, E and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Young children's comprehension of English SVO word order
revisited: Testing the same children in act-out and
intermodal preferential looking tasks},
Journal = {Cognitive Development},
Volume = {25},
Number = {1},
Pages = {30-45},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2009.10.002},
Abstract = {Act-out and intermodal preferential looking (IPL) tasks were
administered to 67 English children aged 2-0, 2-9 and 3-5 to
assess their comprehension of canonical SVO transitive word
order with both familiar and novel verbs. Children at 3-5
and at 2-9 showed evidence of comprehending word order in
both verb conditions and both tasks, although children at
2-9 performed better with familiar than with novel verbs in
the act-out task. Children at 2-0 showed no evidence of
comprehending word order in either task with novel verbs;
with familiar verbs they showed competence in the IPL task
but not in the act-out task. The difference in performance
for familiar and novel verbs from the same children at 2-0,
on the IPL task, and at 2-9, on the act-out task, is
consistent with the hypothesis that early
linguistic/cognitive representations are graded in strength,
with early representations still weak and very task
dependent. However, these representations also become more
abstract with development, as indicated by the familiarity
effect even in the more sensitive IPL task. © 2009 Elsevier
Inc. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogdev.2009.10.002},
Key = {fds351777}
}
@article{fds351778,
Author = {Grassmann, S and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children follow pointing over words in interpreting
acts of reference.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {13},
Number = {1},
Pages = {252-263},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00871.x},
Abstract = {Adults refer young children's attention to things in two
basic ways: through the use of pointing (and other deictic
gestures) and words (and other linguistic conventions). In
the current studies, we referred young children (2- and
4-year-olds) to things in conflicting ways, that is, by
pointing to one object while indicating linguistically (in
some way) a different object. In Study 1, a novel word was
put into competition with a pointing gesture in a mutual
exclusivity paradigm; that is, with a known and a novel
object in front of the child, the adult pointed to the known
object (e.g. a cup) while simultaneously requesting 'the
modi'. In contrast to the findings of Jaswal and Hansen
(2006), children followed almost exclusively the pointing
gesture. In Study 2, when a known word was put into
competition with a pointing gesture - the adult pointed to
the novel object but requested 'the car'- children still
followed the pointing gesture. In Study 3, the referent of
the pointing gesture was doubly contradicted by the lexical
information - the adult pointed to a known object (e.g. a
cup) but requested 'the car'- in which case children
considered pointing and lexical information equally strong.
Together, these findings suggest that in disambiguating acts
of reference, young children at both 2 and 4 years of age
rely most heavily on pragmatic information (e.g. in a
pointing gesture), and only secondarily on lexical
conventions and principles.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00871.x},
Key = {fds351778}
}
@article{fds352505,
Author = {Whiten, A and McGrew, WC and Aiello, LC and Boesch, C and Boyd, R and Byrne, RW and Dunbar, RIM and Matsuzawa, T and Silk, JB and Tomasello,
M and van Schaik, CP and Wrangham, R},
Title = {Studying extant species to model our past.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {327},
Number = {5964},
Pages = {410},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.327.5964.410-a},
Doi = {10.1126/science.327.5964.410-a},
Key = {fds352505}
}
@misc{fds351773,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {On the Different Origins of Symbols and Grammar},
Booktitle = {Language Evolution},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780199244843},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199244843.003.0006},
Abstract = {This chapter emphasises the role of psychology in language
evolution, but claims that it was the separate evolution of
capacities for using symbols and grammar (that is, syntactic
structure) that distinguishes human communication from the
communication of other primates. It suggests that there was
no specific biological adaptation for linguistic
communication. Rather, there was an adaptation for a broader
kind of complex social cognition that enabled human culture
and, as a special case of that, human symbolic
communication. A crucial part of this adaptation was an
evolved ability to recognise other individuals as
intentional agents whose attention and behaviour could be
shared and manipulated. The capacity for grammar
subsequently developed, and became refined through processes
of grammaticalisation occurring across generations - but
with no additional biological adaptations. In support of
this perspective, psychological data from the study of
language development in young children and from comparisons
with the linguistic, social, and mental capacities of
nonhuman primates are presented. More generally, this
chapter sees the origin and emergence of language as merely
one part in the much larger process of the evolution of
human culture.},
Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199244843.003.0006},
Key = {fds351773}
}
@misc{fds351774,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Moll, H},
Title = {The gap is social: Human shared intentionality and
culture},
Pages = {331-349},
Booktitle = {Mind the Gap: Tracing the Origins of Human
Universals},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9783642027246},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02725-3_16},
Abstract = {Human beings share many cognitive skills with their nearest
primate relatives, especially those for dealing with the
physical world of objects (and categories and quantities of
objects) in space and their causal interrelations. But
humans are, in addition, biologically adapted for cultural
life in ways that other primates are not. Specifically,
humans have evolved unique motivations and cognitive skills
for understanding other persons as cooperative agents with
whom one can share emotions, experience, and collaborative
actions (shared intentionality). These motivations and
skills first emerge in human ontogeny at around one year of
age, as infants begin to participate with other persons in
various kinds of collaborative and joint attentional
activities. Participation in such activities leads humans to
construct during ontogeny, perspectival and dialogical
cognitive representations.},
Doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-02725-3_16},
Key = {fds351774}
}
@article{fds320797,
Author = {Hare, B and Rosati, AG and Kaminski, J and Braeuer, J and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The domestication hypothesis for dogs' skills with human
communication: A response to Udell et al. (2008) and Wynne
et al. (2008)},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {79},
Number = {2},
Pages = {e1-e6},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2010},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.06.031},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.06.031},
Key = {fds320797}
}
@article{fds320800,
Author = {Melis, AP and Hare, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Chimpanzees coordinate in a negotiation game},
Journal = {Evolution and Human Behavior},
Volume = {30},
Number = {6},
Pages = {381-392},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2009},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.05.003},
Abstract = {A crucially important aspect of human cooperation is the
ability to negotiate to cooperative outcomes when interests
over resources conflict. Although chimpanzees and other
social species may negotiate conflicting interests regarding
travel direction or activity timing, very little is known
about their ability to negotiate conflicting preferences
over food. In the current study, we presented pairs of
chimpanzees with a choice between two cooperative tasks-one
with equal payoffs (e.g., 5-5) and one with unequal payoffs
(higher and lower than in the equal option, e.g., 10-1).
This created a conflict of interests between partners with
failure to work together on the same cooperative task
resulting in no payoff for either partner. The chimpanzee
pairs cooperated successfully in as many as 78-94% of the
trials across experiments. Even though dominant chimpanzees
preferred the unequal option (as they would obtain the
largest payoff), subordinate chimpanzees were able to get
their way (the equal option) in 22-56% of trials across
conditions. Various analyses showed that subjects were both
strategic and also cognizant of the strategies used by their
partners. These results demonstrate that one of our two
closest primate relatives, the chimpanzee, can settle
conflicts of interest over resources in mutually satisfying
ways-even without the social norms of equity, planned
strategies of reciprocity, and the complex communication
characteristic of human negotiation. © 2009 Elsevier Inc.
All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.05.003},
Key = {fds320800}
}
@article{fds351780,
Author = {Rakoczy, H and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Done wrong or said wrong? Young children understand the
normative directions of fit of different speech
acts.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {113},
Number = {2},
Pages = {205-212},
Year = {2009},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2009.07.013},
Abstract = {Young children use and comprehend different kinds of speech
acts from the beginning of their communicative development.
But it is not clear how they understand the conventional and
normative structure of such speech acts. In particular,
imperative speech acts have a world-to-word direction of
fit, such that their fulfillment means that the world must
change to fit the word. In contrast, assertive speech acts
have a word-to-world direction of fit, such that their
fulfillment means that the word must fit the world truly. In
the current study, 3-year-olds understood this difference
explicitly, as they directed their criticisms selectively to
actors when they did not follow the imperatives of the
speaker, but to speakers when they did not describe an
actor's actions correctly. Two-year-olds criticized
appropriately in the case of imperatives, but showed a more
ambiguous pattern in the case of assertions. These findings
identify another domain in which children's normative
understanding of human activity emerges around the third
year of life.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2009.07.013},
Key = {fds351780}
}
@article{fds351781,
Author = {Kaminski, J and Tempelmann, S and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Domestic dogs comprehend human communication with iconic
signs.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {12},
Number = {6},
Pages = {831-837},
Year = {2009},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00815.x},
Abstract = {A key skill in early human development is the ability to
comprehend communicative intentions as expressed in both
nonlinguistic gestures and language. In the current studies,
we confronted domestic dogs (some of whom knew many human
'words') with a task in which they had to infer the intended
referent of a human's communicative act via iconic
signs--specifically, replicas and photographs. Both trained
and untrained dogs successfully used iconic replicas to
fetch the desired item, with many doing so from the first
trial. Dogs' ability to use photographs in this same
situation was less consistent. Because simple matching to
sample in experimental contexts typically takes hundreds of
trials (and because similarity between iconic sign and
target item did not predict success), we propose that dogs'
skillful performance in the current task reflects important
aspects of the comprehension of human communicative
intentions.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00815.x},
Key = {fds351781}
}
@article{fds351782,
Author = {Bannard, C and Lieven, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Modeling children's early grammatical knowledge.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {106},
Number = {41},
Pages = {17284-17289},
Year = {2009},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0905638106},
Abstract = {Theories of grammatical development differ in how much
abstract knowledge they attribute to young children. Here,
we report a series of experiments using a computational
model to evaluate the explanatory power of child grammars
based not on abstract rules but on concrete words and
phrases and some local abstractions associated with these
words and phrases. We use a Bayesian procedure to extract
such item-based grammars from transcriptions of 28+ h of
each of two children's speech at 2 and 3 years of age. We
then use these grammars to parse all of the unique multiword
utterances from transcriptions of separate recordings of
these same children at each of the two ages. We found that
at 2 years of age such a model had good coverage and
predictive fit, with the children showing radically limited
productivity. Furthermore, adding expert-annotated parts of
speech to the induction procedure had little effect on
coverage, with the exception of the category of noun. At age
3, the children's productivity sharply increased and the
addition of a verb and a noun category markedly improved the
model's performance.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0905638106},
Key = {fds351782}
}
@article{fds351783,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Universal grammar is dead},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
Volume = {32},
Number = {5},
Pages = {470-471},
Year = {2009},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X09990744},
Abstract = {The idea of a biologically evolved, universal grammar with
linguistic content is a myth, perpetuated by three spurious
explanatory strategies of generative linguists. To make
progress in understanding human linguistic competence,
cognitive scientists must abandon the idea of an innate
universal grammar and instead try to build theories that
explain both linguistic universals and diversity and how
they emerge. © 2009 Cambridge University
Press.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0140525X09990744},
Key = {fds351783}
}
@article{fds320801,
Author = {Wobber, V and Hare, B and Koler-Matznick, J and Wrangham, R and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Breed differences in domestic dogs' (Canis familiaris)
comprehension of human communicative signals},
Journal = {Interaction Studies},
Volume = {10},
Number = {2},
Pages = {206-224},
Publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
Editor = {Matsuzawa, T},
Year = {2009},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.10.2.06wob},
Abstract = {Recent research suggests that some human-like social skills
evolved in dogs (Canis familiaris) during domestication as
an incidental by-product of selection for "tame" forms of
behavior. It is still possible, however, that the social
skills of certain dog breeds came under direct selection
that led to further increases in social problem solving
ability. To test this hypothesis, different breeds of
domestic dogs were compared for their ability to use various
human communicative behaviors to find hidden food. We found
that even primitive breeds with little human contact were
able to use communicative cues. Further, "working" dogs
(shepherds and huskies: thought to be bred intentionally to
respond to human cooperative communicative signals) were
more skilled at using gestural cues than were non-working
breeds (basenji and toy poodles: not thought to have been
bred for their cooperative-communicative ability). This
difference in performance existed regardless of whether the
working breeds were more or less genetically wolf-like.
These results suggest that subsequent to initial
domesticating selection giving rise to cue-following skills,
additional selection on communicative abilities in certain
breeds has produced substantive differences in those breeds'
abilities to follow cues. © John Benjamins Publishing
Company.},
Doi = {10.1075/is.10.2.06wob},
Key = {fds320801}
}
@article{fds351784,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Society need not be selfish},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {461},
Number = {7260},
Pages = {41},
Year = {2009},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/461041a},
Doi = {10.1038/461041a},
Key = {fds351784}
}
@article{fds351785,
Author = {Warneken, F and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Varieties of altruism in children and chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Trends in cognitive sciences},
Volume = {13},
Number = {9},
Pages = {397-402},
Year = {2009},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.008},
Abstract = {Recent empirical research has shed new light on the
perennial question of human altruism. A number of recent
studies suggest that from very early in ontogeny young
children have a biological predisposition to help others
achieve their goals, to share resources with others and to
inform others of things helpfully. Humans' nearest primate
relatives, such as chimpanzees, engage in some but not all
of these behaviors: they help others instrumentally, but
they are not so inclined to share resources altruistically
and they do not inform others of things helpfully. The
evolutionary roots of human altruism thus appear to be much
more complex than previously supposed.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.008},
Key = {fds351785}
}
@article{fds351786,
Author = {Grassmann, S and Stracke, M and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Two-year-olds exclude novel objects as potential referents
of novel words based on pragmatics.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {112},
Number = {3},
Pages = {488-493},
Year = {2009},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2009.06.010},
Abstract = {Many studies have established that children tend to exclude
objects for which they already have a name as potential
referents of novel words. In the current study we asked
whether this exclusion can be triggered by social-pragmatic
context alone without pre-existing words as blockers.
Two-year-old children watched an adult looking at a novel
object while saying a novel word with excitement. In one
condition the adult had not seen the object beforehand, and
so the children interpreted the adult's utterance as
referring to the gazed-at object. In another condition the
adult and child had previously played jointly with the
gazed-at object. In this case, children less often assumed
that the adult was referring to the object but rather they
searched for an alternative referent--presumably because
they inferred that the gazed-at object was old news in their
common ground with the adult and so not worthy of excited
labeling. Since this inference based on exclusion is highly
similar to that underlying the Principle of Contrast/Mutual
Exclusivity, we propose that this principle is not purely
lexical but rather is based on children's understanding of
how and why people direct one another's attention to things
either with or without language.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2009.06.010},
Key = {fds351786}
}
@article{fds351787,
Author = {Krachun, C and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Can chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) discriminate appearance
from reality?},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {112},
Number = {3},
Pages = {435-450},
Year = {2009},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2009.06.012},
Abstract = {A milestone in human development is coming to recognize that
how something looks is not necessarily how it is. We tested
appearance-reality understanding in chimpanzees (Pan
troglodytes) with a task requiring them to choose between a
small grape and a big grape. The apparent relative size of
the grapes was reversed using magnifying and minimizing
lenses so that the truly bigger grape appeared to be the
smaller one. Our Lens test involved a basic component
adapted from standard procedures for children, as well as
several components designed to rule out alternative
explanations. There were large individual differences in
performance, with some chimpanzees' responses suggesting
they appreciated the appearance-reality distinction. In
contrast, all chimpanzees failed a Reverse Contingency
control test, indicating that those who passed the Lens test
did not do so by learning a simple reverse contingency rule.
Four-year-old children given an adapted version of the Lens
test failed it while 4.5-year-olds passed. Our study
constitutes the first direct investigation of
appearance-reality understanding in chimpanzees and the
first cross-species comparison of this capacity.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2009.06.012},
Key = {fds351787}
}
@article{fds351788,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Kaminski, J},
Title = {Behavior. Like infant, like dog.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {325},
Number = {5945},
Pages = {1213-1214},
Year = {2009},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1179670},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1179670},
Key = {fds351788}
}
@article{fds351789,
Author = {Buttelmann, D and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Do great apes use emotional expressions to infer
desires?},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {12},
Number = {5},
Pages = {688-698},
Year = {2009},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00802.x},
Abstract = {Although apes understand others' goals and perceptions,
little is known about their understanding of others'
emotional expressions. We conducted three studies following
the general paradigm of Repacholi and colleagues (1997,
1998). In Study 1, a human reacted emotionally to the hidden
contents of two boxes, after which the ape was allowed to
choose one of the boxes. Apes distinguished between two of
the expressed emotions (happiness and disgust) by choosing
appropriately. In Studies 2 and 3, a human reacted either
positively or negatively to the hidden contents of two
containers; then the ape saw him eating something. When
given a choice, apes correctly chose the container to which
the human had reacted negatively, based on the inference
that the human had just eaten the food to which he had
reacted positively - and so the other container still had
food left in it. These findings suggest that great apes
understand both the directedness and the valence of some
human emotional expressions, and can use this understanding
to infer desires.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00802.x},
Key = {fds351789}
}
@article{fds351790,
Author = {Gräfenhain, M and Behne, T and Carpenter, M and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Young children's understanding of joint commitments.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {45},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1430-1443},
Year = {2009},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0016122},
Abstract = {When adults make a joint commitment to act together, they
feel an obligation to their partner. In 2 studies, the
authors investigated whether young children also understand
joint commitments to act together. In the first study, when
an adult orchestrated with the child a joint commitment to
play a game together and then broke off from their joint
activity, 3-year-olds (n = 24) reacted to the break
significantly more often (e.g., by trying to re-engage her
or waiting for her to restart playing) than when she simply
joined the child's individual activity unbidden.
Two-year-olds (n = 24) did not differentiate between these 2
situations. In the second study, 3- and 4-year-old children
(n = 30 at each age) were enticed away from their activity
with an adult. Children acknowledged their leaving (e.g., by
looking to the adult or handing her the object they had been
playing with) significantly more often when they had made a
joint commitment to act together than when they had not. By
3 years of age, children thus recognize both when an adult
is committed and when they themselves are committed to a
joint activity.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0016122},
Key = {fds351790}
}
@article{fds351791,
Author = {Brandt, S and Kidd, E and Lieven, E and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {The discourse bases of relativization: An investigation of
young German and English-speaking children's comprehension
of relative clauses},
Journal = {Cognitive Linguistics},
Volume = {20},
Number = {3},
Pages = {539-570},
Year = {2009},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/COGL.2009.024},
Abstract = {In numerous comprehension studies, across different
languages, children have performed worse on object relatives
(e.g., the dog that the cat chased) than on subject
relatives (e.g., the dog that chased the cat). One possible
reason for this is that the test sentences did not exactly
match the kinds of object relatives that children typically
experience. Adults and children usually hear and produce
object relatives with inanimate heads and pronominal
subjects (e.g., the car that we bought last year) (cf. Kidd
et al., Language and Cognitive Processes 22: 860-897, 2007).
We tested young 3-year old German- and English-speaking
children with a referential selection task. Children from
both language groups performed best in the condition where
the experimenter described inanimate referents with object
relatives that contained pronominal subjects (e.g., Can you
give me the sweater that he bought?). Importantly, when the
object relatives met the constraints identified in spoken
discourse, children understood them as well as subject
relatives, or even better. These results speak against a
purely structural explanation for children's difficulty with
object relatives as observed in previous studies, but rather
support the usage-based account, according to which
discourse function and experience with language shape the
representation of linguistic structures. © 2009 by Walter
de Gruyter GmbH.},
Doi = {10.1515/COGL.2009.024},
Key = {fds351791}
}
@article{fds351792,
Author = {Kirjavainen, M and Theakston, A and Lieven, E and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {'I want hold Postman Pat': An investigation into the
acquisition of infinitival marker 'to'},
Journal = {First Language},
Volume = {29},
Number = {3},
Pages = {313-339},
Year = {2009},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142723709105312},
Abstract = {Infinitival-to omission errors (e.g., *I want hold Postman
Pat) are produced by many English-speaking children early in
development. This article aims to explain these omissions by
investigating the emergence of infinitival-to, and its
production/omission in obligatory contexts. A series of
corpus analyses were conducted on the naturalistic data from
one to 13 children between the ages of approximately 2;0 and
3;1 testing three hypotheses from two theoretical
viewpoints. The data suggest that the errors are associated
with different verb sequences (e.g., going-to and going-X)
and their frequencies in the language to which children are
exposed. The article concludes that these constructions
compete for output when children are producing those verbs
and that this supports the usage-based/constructivist
account of the omission errors. Copyright © 2009 The
Author(s).},
Doi = {10.1177/0142723709105312},
Key = {fds351792}
}
@article{fds351793,
Author = {Matthews, D and Lieven, E and Theakston, A and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Pronoun co-referencing errors: Challenges for generativist
and usage-based accounts},
Journal = {Cognitive Linguistics},
Volume = {20},
Number = {3},
Pages = {599-626},
Year = {2009},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/COGL.2009.026},
Abstract = {This study tests accounts of co-reference errors whereby
children allow "Mama Bear" and "her" to co-refer in
sentences like "Mama Bear is washing her" (Chien and Wexler,
Language Acquisition 1: 225-295, 1990). 63 children aged
4;6, 5;6 and 6;6 participated in a truth-value judgment task
augmented with a sentence production component. There were
three major finding: 1) contrary to predictions of most
generativist accounts, children accepted co-reference even
in cases of bound anaphora e.g., "Every girl is washing her"
2) contrary to Thornton and Wexler (Principle B, VP Ellipsis
and Interpretation in Child Grammar, The MIT Press, 1999),
errors did not appear to occur because children understood
referring expressions to be denoting the same person in
different guises 3) contrary to usage-based accounts, errors
were less likely in sentences that contained lower as
opposed to higher frequency verbs. Error rates also differed
significantly according to pronoun type ("him", "her",
"them"). These challenging results are discussed in terms of
possible processing explanations. © 2009 by Walter de
Gruyter GmbH.},
Doi = {10.1515/COGL.2009.026},
Key = {fds351793}
}
@article{fds351794,
Author = {Lieven, E and Salomo, D and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Two-year-old children's production of multiword utterances:
A usage-based analysis},
Journal = {Cognitive Linguistics},
Volume = {20},
Number = {3},
Pages = {481-507},
Year = {2009},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/COGL.2009.022},
Abstract = {Children generate novel utterances from the outset of
multiword speech. In this study, we apply a usage-based
method called 'traceback' to the multiword utterances of
four two-year-olds to see how closely related these
utterances are to their previous utterances. Data was
collected from the age of 2;0 until 6 weeks later on a
relatively dense sampling schedule. We attempted to match
each novel multiword utterance in a two-hour corpus to
lexical strings and schemas that the child had said before.
Matches were found for between 78-92 percent of all
multiword utterances. Between 62-91 percent of the slots in
schemas created by these tracebacks were for referring
expressions and were filled with nouns or noun phrases. For
one child, recording continued throughout his third year and
we compared his data at MLUs matched with the other three
children to investigate developmental changes. We found
that, with increasing MLU, and developmentally, children
were less repetitive within sessions, the tracebacks
required a wider range of semantic slots and the material
placed in these slots increased in complexity. © 2009 by
Walter de Gruyter GmbH.},
Doi = {10.1515/COGL.2009.022},
Key = {fds351794}
}
@article{fds351795,
Author = {Warneken, F and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The roots of human altruism.},
Journal = {British journal of psychology (London, England :
1953)},
Volume = {100},
Number = {Pt 3},
Pages = {455-471},
Year = {2009},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/000712608x379061},
Abstract = {Human infants as young as 14 to 18 months of age help others
attain their goals, for example, by helping them to fetch
out-of-reach objects or opening cabinets for them. They do
this irrespective of any reward from adults (indeed external
rewards undermine the tendency), and very likely with no
concern for such things as reciprocation and reputation,
which serve to maintain altruism in older children and
adults. Humans' nearest primate relatives, chimpanzees, also
help others instrumentally without concrete rewards. These
results suggest that human infants are naturally altruistic,
and as ontogeny proceeds and they must deal more
independently with a wider range of social contexts,
socialization and feedback from social interactions with
others become important mediators of these initial
altruistic tendencies.},
Doi = {10.1348/000712608x379061},
Key = {fds351795}
}
@article{fds351796,
Author = {Tennie, C and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Ratcheting up the ratchet: on the evolution of cumulative
culture.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {364},
Number = {1528},
Pages = {2405-2415},
Year = {2009},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0052},
Abstract = {Some researchers have claimed that chimpanzee and human
culture rest on homologous cognitive and learning
mechanisms. While clearly there are some homologous
mechanisms, we argue here that there are some different
mechanisms at work as well. Chimpanzee cultural traditions
represent behavioural biases of different populations, all
within the species' existing cognitive repertoire (what we
call the 'zone of latent solutions') that are generated by
founder effects, individual learning and mostly
product-oriented (rather than process-oriented) copying.
Human culture, in contrast, has the distinctive
characteristic that it accumulates modifications over time
(what we call the 'ratchet effect'). This difference results
from the facts that (i) human social learning is more
oriented towards process than product and (ii) unique forms
of human cooperation lead to active teaching, social
motivations for conformity and normative sanctions against
non-conformity. Together, these unique processes of social
learning and cooperation lead to humans' unique form of
cumulative cultural evolution.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2009.0052},
Key = {fds351796}
}
@article{fds351797,
Author = {Buttelmann, D and Carpenter, M and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Eighteen-month-old infants show false belief understanding
in an active helping paradigm.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {112},
Number = {2},
Pages = {337-342},
Year = {2009},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2009.05.006},
Abstract = {Recently, several studies have claimed that soon after their
first birthday infants understand others' false beliefs.
However, some have questioned these findings based on
criticisms of the looking-time paradigms used. Here we
report a new paradigm to test false belief understanding in
infants using a more active behavioral response: helping.
Specifically, the task was for infants to help an adult
achieve his goal - but to determine that goal infants had to
take into account what the adult believed (i.e., whether or
not he falsely believed there was a toy inside a box).
Results showed that by 18 months of age infants successfully
took into account the adult's belief in the process of
attempting to determine his goal. Results for 16-month-olds
were in the same direction but less clear. These results
represent by far the youngest age of false belief
understanding in a task with an active behavioral
measure.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2009.05.006},
Key = {fds351797}
}
@article{fds351798,
Author = {Kaminski, J and Bräuer, J and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Domestic dogs are sensitive to a human's
perspective},
Journal = {Behaviour},
Volume = {146},
Number = {7},
Pages = {979-998},
Year = {2009},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853908X395530},
Abstract = {We investigated dogs' ability to take the visual perspective
of humans. In the main study, each of two toys was placed on
the dog's side of two small barriers (one opaque, one
transparent). In experimental conditions, a human sat on the
opposite side of the barriers, such that she could see only
the toy behind the transparent barrier. The experimenter
then told the dog to 'Bring it here!' (without designating
either toy in any way). In the Back Turned control E also
sat on the opposite side but with her back turned so that
she could see neither toy, and in the Same Side control she
sat on the same side as the dog such that she could see both
toys. When toys were differentiable dogs approached the toy
behind the transparent barrier in experimental as compared
to back turned and same side condition. Dogs did not
differentiate between the two control conditions. In a
second study dogs were not sensitive to what a human had or
had not seen in the immediate past. These results suggest
that, even in the absence of overt behavioural cues, dogs
are sensitive to others visual access, even if that differs
from their own. © 2009 BRILL.},
Doi = {10.1163/156853908X395530},
Key = {fds351798}
}
@article{fds351799,
Author = {Krachun, C and Carpenter, M and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {A competitive nonverbal false belief task for children and
apes.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {12},
Number = {4},
Pages = {521-535},
Year = {2009},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00793.x},
Abstract = {A nonverbal false belief task was administered to children
(mean age 5 years) and two great ape species: chimpanzees
(Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus). Because apes
typically perform poorly in cooperative contexts, our task
was competitive. Two versions were run: in both, a human
competitor witnessed an experimenter hide a reward in one of
two containers. When the competitor then left the room
(version A) or turned around (version B), the experimenter
switched the locations of the containers. The competitor
returned and reached with effort, but unsuccessfully,
towards the incorrect container. Children displayed an
understanding of the competitor's false belief by correctly
choosing the other container to find the reward. Apes did
not. However, in version A (but not version B), apes looked
more often at the unchosen container in false belief trials
than in true belief control trials, possibly indicating some
implicit or uncertain understanding that needs to be
investigated further.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00793.x},
Key = {fds351799}
}
@article{fds351800,
Author = {Matsui, T and Rakoczy, H and Miura, Y and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Understanding of speaker certainty and false-belief
reasoning: a comparison of Japanese and German
preschoolers.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {12},
Number = {4},
Pages = {602-613},
Year = {2009},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00812.x},
Abstract = {It has been repeatedly shown that when asked to identify a
protagonist's false belief on the basis of his false
statement, English-speaking 3-year-olds dismiss the
statement and fail to attribute to him a false belief. In
the present studies, we tested 3-year-old Japanese children
in a similar task, using false statements accompanied by
grammaticalized particles of speaker (un)certainty, as in
everyday Japanese utterances. The Japanese children were
directly compared with same-aged German children, whose
native language does not have grammaticalized epistemic
concepts. Japanese children profited from the explicit
statement of the protagonist's false belief when it was
marked with the attitude of certainty in a way that German
children did not - presumably because Japanese but not
German children must process such marking routinely in their
daily discourse. These results are discussed in the broader
context of linguistic and theory of mind
development.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00812.x},
Key = {fds351800}
}
@article{fds351801,
Author = {Wyman, E and Rakoczy, H and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children understand multiple pretend identities in
their object play.},
Journal = {The British journal of developmental psychology},
Volume = {27},
Number = {Pt 2},
Pages = {385-404},
Year = {2009},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/026151008x322893},
Abstract = {This set of studies examined the ability of 3-year-olds to
conceptualize multiple pretend identities with objects.
Rather than relying on verbal response measures, as has been
done in the past, children's creative and inferential
pretend actions were used as indicators of their
understanding. The common structure to all four studies was
that children were confronted with one pretend scenario,
moved to a second pretend scenario and then back again to
the first. Children proficiently tailored their pretence to
an object whose pretend identity changed between scenarios
despite being less able to name each identity. Thus, using
an inferential action methodology, these studies provide
early and particularly convincing evidence that children can
track the multiple pretend identities of
objects.},
Doi = {10.1348/026151008x322893},
Key = {fds351801}
}
@article{fds351802,
Author = {Rakoczy, H and Brosche, N and Warneken, F and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Young children's understanding of the context-relativity of
normative rules in conventional games.},
Journal = {The British journal of developmental psychology},
Volume = {27},
Number = {Pt 2},
Pages = {445-456},
Year = {2009},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/026151008x337752},
Abstract = {We investigated young children's awareness of the
context-relative rule structure of simple games. Two
contexts were established in the form of spatial locations.
Familiar objects were used in their conventional way at
location 1, but acquired specific functions in a rule game
at location 2. A third party then performed the conventional
act at either of the two locations, constituting a mistake
at location 2 (experimental condition), but appropriate at
location 1 (control condition). Three-year-olds (but not
2-year-olds) systematically distinguished the two
conditions, spontaneously intervening with normative protest
against the third party act in the experimental, but not in
the control condition. Young children thus understand
context-specific rules even when the context marking is
non-linguistic. These results are discussed in the broader
context of the development of social cognition and cultural
learning.},
Doi = {10.1348/026151008x337752},
Key = {fds351802}
}
@article{fds351803,
Author = {Chan, A and Lieven, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Children's understanding of the agent-patient relations in
the transitive construction: Cross-linguistic comparisons
between Cantonese, German, and English},
Journal = {Cognitive Linguistics},
Volume = {20},
Number = {2},
Pages = {267-300},
Year = {2009},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/COGL.2009.015},
Abstract = {Cantonese-, German-, and English-speaking children aged 2;6,
3,6, and 4,6 acted out transitive sentences containing novel
verbs in three conditions: (1) agent and patient were cued
redundantly by both word order and animacy; (2) agent and
patient were marked only with word order; and (3) agent and
patient were cued in conflicting ways with word order and
animacy. All three age groups in all three languages
comprehended the redundantly cued sentences. When word order
was the only cue, English children showed the earliest
comprehension at 2;6, then German, and then Cantonese
children at 3;6. When the cues conflicted, none of the 2;6
children in any language comprehended in adult-like ways,
whereas all of the children at 3;6 and 4;6 preferred word
order over animacy (but with some cross-linguistic
differences in performance as well). When animacy contrast
changed across sentence types, Cantonese children
comprehended the sentences differently at all three age
levels, German children did so at the two younger ages, and
English children only at the youngest age. The findings
correspond well with the informativeness of word order in
the three languages, suggesting that children's learning of
the syntactic marking of agent-patient relations is strongly
influenced by nature of the language they hear around them.
© 2009 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH.},
Doi = {10.1515/COGL.2009.015},
Key = {fds351803}
}
@article{fds351804,
Author = {Liszkowski, U and Schäfer, M and Carpenter, M and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Prelinguistic infants, but not chimpanzees, communicate
about absent entities.},
Journal = {Psychological science},
Volume = {20},
Number = {5},
Pages = {654-660},
Year = {2009},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02346.x},
Abstract = {One of the defining features of human language is
displacement, the ability to make reference to absent
entities. Here we show that prelinguistic, 12-month-old
infants already can use a nonverbal pointing gesture to make
reference to absent entities. We also show that
chimpanzees-who can point for things they want humans to
give them-do not point to refer to absent entities in the
same way. These results demonstrate that the ability to
communicate about absent but mutually known entities depends
not on language, but rather on deeper social-cognitive
skills that make acts of linguistic reference possible in
the first place. These nonlinguistic skills for displaced
reference emerged apparently only after humans' divergence
from great apes some 6 million years ago.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02346.x},
Key = {fds351804}
}
@article{fds351805,
Author = {Wyman, E and Rakoczy, H and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Normativity and context in young children's pretend
play},
Journal = {Cognitive Development},
Volume = {24},
Number = {2},
Pages = {146-155},
Year = {2009},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2009.01.003},
Abstract = {In two studies 3-year-olds' understanding of the
context-specificity of normative rules was investigated
through games of pretend play. In the first study, children
protested against a character who joined a pretend game but
treated the target object according to its real function.
However, they did not protest when she performed the same
action without having first joined the game. In the second
study, children protested when the character mixed up an
object's pretend identities between two different pretend
games. However, they did not protest when she performed the
same pretend action in its correct game context. Thus, the
studies show that young children see the pretence-reality
distinction, and the distinction between different pretence
identities, as normative. More generally, the results of
these studies demonstrate young children's ability to
enforce normative rules in their pretence and to do so
context-specifically. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogdev.2009.01.003},
Key = {fds351805}
}
@article{fds351806,
Author = {Vaish, A and Carpenter, M and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Sympathy through affective perspective taking and its
relation to prosocial behavior in toddlers.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {45},
Number = {2},
Pages = {534-543},
Year = {2009},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0014322},
Abstract = {In most research on the early ontogeny of sympathy, young
children are presented with an overtly distressed person and
their responses are observed. In the current study, the
authors asked whether young children could also sympathize
with a person to whom something negative had happened but
who was expressing no emotion at all. They showed 18- and
25-month-olds an adult either harming another adult by
destroying or taking away her possessions (harm condition)
or else doing something similar that did not harm her
(neutral condition). The "victim" expressed no emotions in
either condition. Nevertheless, in the harm as compared with
the neutral condition, children showed more concern and
subsequent prosocial behavior toward the victim. Moreover,
children's concerned looks during the harmful event were
positively correlated with their subsequent prosocial
behavior. Very young children can sympathize with a victim
even in the absence of overt emotional signals, possibly by
some form of affective perspective taking.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0014322},
Key = {fds351806}
}
@article{fds351807,
Author = {Colombi, C and Liebal, K and Tomasello, M and Young, G and Warneken, F and Rogers, SJ},
Title = {Examining correlates of cooperation in autism: Imitation,
joint attention, and understanding intentions.},
Journal = {Autism : the international journal of research and
practice},
Volume = {13},
Number = {2},
Pages = {143-163},
Year = {2009},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361308098514},
Abstract = {The goal of the current study was to examine the
contribution of three early social skills that may provide a
foundation for cooperative performance in autism: (1)
imitation, (2) joint attention, and (3) understanding of
other people's intentions regarding actions on objects.
Fourteen children with autistic disorder (AD) and 15
children with other developmental disabilities (DDs) matched
on non-verbal developmental age (AD, mean 27.7, SD 9.8; DD,
mean 33.4, SD 11.1) and verbal developmental age (AD, mean
21.5, SD 12.3; DD, mean 28.4, SD 11.0) participated in the
study. Children with autism showed poorer performance on
imitation and joint attention measures, but not on the
intentionality task. Multiple regression analyses showed
that imitation skills and joint attention contributed
independently to cooperation, above and beyond the
understanding of intentions of actions on
objects.},
Doi = {10.1177/1362361308098514},
Key = {fds351807}
}
@article{fds351808,
Author = {Liebal, K and Behne, T and Carpenter, M and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Infants use shared experience to interpret pointing
gestures.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {12},
Number = {2},
Pages = {264-271},
Year = {2009},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00758.x},
Abstract = {We investigated whether 1-year-old infants use their shared
experience with an adult to determine the meaning of a
pointing gesture. In the first study, after two adults had
each shared a different activity with the infant, one of the
adults pointed to a target object. Eighteen- but not
14-month-olds responded appropriately to the pointing
gesture based on the particular activity they had previously
shared with that particular adult. In the second study,
14-month-olds were successful in a simpler procedure in
which the pointing adult either had or had not shared a
relevant activity with the infant prior to the pointing.
Infants just beginning to learn language thus already show a
complex understanding of the pragmatics of cooperative
communication in which shared experience with particular
individuals plays a crucial role.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00758.x},
Key = {fds351808}
}
@article{fds351809,
Author = {Kirschner, S and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Joint drumming: social context facilitates synchronization
in preschool children.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {102},
Number = {3},
Pages = {299-314},
Year = {2009},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2008.07.005},
Abstract = {The human capacity to synchronize body movements to an
external acoustic beat enables uniquely human behaviors such
as music making and dancing. By hypothesis, these first
evolved in human cultures as fundamentally social
activities. We therefore hypothesized that children would
spontaneously synchronize their body movements to an
external beat at earlier ages and with higher accuracy if
the stimulus was presented in a social context. A total of
36 children in three age groups (2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 years)
were invited to drum along with either a human partner, a
drumming machine, or a drum sound coming from a speaker.
When drumming with a social partner, children as young as
2.5 years adjusted their drumming tempo to a beat outside
the range of their spontaneous motor tempo. Moreover,
children of all ages synchronized their drumming with higher
accuracy in the social condition. We argue that drumming
together with a social partner creates a shared
representation of the joint action task and/or elicits a
specific human motivation to synchronize movements during
joint rhythmic activity.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2008.07.005},
Key = {fds351809}
}
@article{fds351810,
Author = {Bräuer, J and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Are apes inequity averse? New data on the token-exchange
paradigm.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {71},
Number = {2},
Pages = {175-181},
Year = {2009},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20639},
Abstract = {Recent studies have produced mixed evidence about inequity
aversion in nonhuman primates. Brosnan et al. [Proceedings
of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological
Sciences 272:253-258, 2005] found inequity aversion in
chimpanzees and argued that effort is crucial, if subjects
are to evaluate how they are rewarded in comparison to a
competitor for an identical performance. In this study we
investigated inequity aversion with chimpanzees, bonobos and
orangutans, using the method of Brosnan et al. [Proceedings
of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological
Sciences 272:253-258, 2005] after introducing some
methodological improvements. Subjects always received a
less-preferred food in exchange for a token, whereas the
competitor received either the same type of food for their
token (equity) or a more favored food for it (inequity).
Apes did not refuse more of the less-preferred food when a
competitor had received the more favored food. Thus, with an
improved methodology we failed to reproduce the findings of
Brosnan et al. [Proceedings of the Royal Society of London.
Series B. Biological Sciences 272:253-258, 2005] that apes
show inequity aversion.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.20639},
Key = {fds351810}
}
@article{fds351812,
Author = {Gräfenhain, M and Behne, T and Carpenter, M and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {One-year-olds' understanding of nonverbal gestures directed
to a third person},
Journal = {Cognitive Development},
Volume = {24},
Number = {1},
Pages = {23-33},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2008.10.001},
Abstract = {We investigated whether infants comprehend others' nonverbal
communicative intentions directed to a third person, in an
'overhearing' context. An experimenter addressed an
assistant and indicated a hidden toy's location by either
gazing ostensively or pointing to the location for her. In a
matched control condition, the experimenter performed
similar behaviors (absent-minded gazing and extended index
finger) but did not communicate ostensively with the
assistant. Infants could then search for the toy.
Eighteen-month-old infants were skillful in using both
communicative cues to find the hidden object, whereas
14-month-olds performed above chance only with the pointing
cue. Neither age group performed above chance in the control
condition. This study thus shows that by 14-18 months of
age, infants are beginning to monitor and comprehend some
aspects of third party interactions. © 2008 Elsevier Inc.
All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogdev.2008.10.001},
Key = {fds351812}
}
@article{fds351813,
Author = {Rakoczy, H and Warneken, F and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children's selective learning of rule games from
reliable and unreliable models},
Journal = {Cognitive Development},
Volume = {24},
Number = {1},
Pages = {61-69},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2008.07.004},
Abstract = {We investigated preschoolers' selective learning from models
that had previously appeared to be reliable or unreliable.
Replicating previous research, children from 4 years
selectively learned novel words from reliable over
unreliable speakers. Extending previous research, children
also selectively learned other kinds of acts - novel games -
from reliable actors. More important, - and novel to this
study, this selective learning was not just based on a
preference for one model or one kind of act, but had a
normative dimension to it. Children understood the way a
reliable actor demonstrated an act not only as the better
one, but as the normatively appropriate or correct one, as
indicated in both their explicit verbal comments and their
spontaneous normative interventions (e.g., protest,
critique) in response to third-party acts deviating from the
one demonstrated. These findings are discussed in the
broader context of the development of children's social
cognition and cultural learning. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All
rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogdev.2008.07.004},
Key = {fds351813}
}
@article{fds351814,
Author = {Liebal, K and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Infants appreciate the social intention behind a pointing
gesture: Commentary on "Children's understanding of
communicative intentions in the middle of the second year of
life" by T. Aureli, P. Perucchini and M.
Genco},
Journal = {Cognitive Development},
Volume = {24},
Number = {1},
Pages = {13-15},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2008.09.004},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogdev.2008.09.004},
Key = {fds351814}
}
@article{fds351815,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Brandt, S},
Title = {Flexibility in the semantics and syntax of children's early
verb use.},
Journal = {Monographs of the Society for Research in Child
Development},
Volume = {74},
Number = {2},
Pages = {113-126},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5834.2009.00523.x},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5834.2009.00523.x},
Key = {fds351815}
}
@misc{fds351811,
Author = {Jensen, K and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Punishment},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {800-805},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780080453378},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-045337-8.00106-6},
Abstract = {Animals can use punishment as a means to change the behavior
of others. Punishment can be done for selfish ends with no
regard for how the target of the act is affected. On the
other extreme, it can benefit others in a society and be
motivated by its effects on others. Altruistic punishment,
third-party punishment, and norm enforcement are special
cases of punishment that can maintain cooperation, and these
may not have analogs in animals other than humans. More
socially sophisticated forms of punishment will require more
flexible and complex cognitive processes. Of particular
interest are social (other-regarding) preferences, since
these may have allowed the evolution of the large-scale
nonkin cooperation seen only in humans. However, little is
known about the cognitive mechanisms underlying punishment
in other animals.},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-08-045337-8.00106-6},
Key = {fds351811}
}
@article{fds351816,
Author = {Rakoczy, H and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Collective intentionality and cultural development},
Journal = {Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Philosophie},
Volume = {56},
Number = {3},
Pages = {401-410},
Year = {2008},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/dzph.2008.0031},
Doi = {10.1524/dzph.2008.0031},
Key = {fds351816}
}
@article{fds351817,
Author = {Kaminski, J and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Chimpanzees know what others know, but not what they
believe.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {109},
Number = {2},
Pages = {224-234},
Year = {2008},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2008.08.010},
Abstract = {There is currently much controversy about which, if any,
mental states chimpanzees and other nonhuman primates
understand. In the current two studies we tested both
chimpanzees' and human children's understanding of both
knowledge-ignorance and false belief - in the same
experimental paradigm involving competition with a
conspecific. We found that whereas 6-year-old children
understood both of these mental states, chimpanzees
understood knowledge-ignorance but not false belief. After
ruling out various alternative explanations of these and
related findings, we conclude that in at least some
situations chimpanzees know what others know. Possible
explanations for their failure in the highly similar false
belief task are discussed.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2008.08.010},
Key = {fds351817}
}
@article{fds351818,
Author = {Warneken, F and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Extrinsic rewards undermine altruistic tendencies in
20-month-olds.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {44},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1785-1788},
Year = {2008},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0013860},
Abstract = {The current study investigated the influence of rewards on
very young children's helping behavior. After 20-month-old
infants received a material reward during a treatment phase,
they subsequently were less likely to engage in further
helping during a test phase as compared with infants who had
previously received social praise or no reward at all. This
so-called overjustification effect suggests that even the
earliest helping behaviors of young children are
intrinsically motivated and that socialization practices
involving extrinsic rewards can undermine this
tendency.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0013860},
Key = {fds351818}
}
@article{fds351819,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Call, J},
Title = {Assessing the validity of ape-human comparisons: a reply to
Boesch (2007).},
Journal = {Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. :
1983)},
Volume = {122},
Number = {4},
Pages = {449-452},
Year = {2008},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.122.4.449},
Abstract = {Boesch (2007) criticizes research comparing ape and human
cognition on the basis of both internal and external
validity. The authors show here that most of those
criticisms are not valid because: (i) most threats to
internal validity (e.g., conspecific experimenters for
humans but not apes) are controlled for experimentally; (ii)
externally, there is no empirical evidence that captive apes
have fewer cognitive skills than wild apes and indeed some
evidence (especially from human-raised apes) that they have
more; and (iii) externally, there is no empirical evidence
that Western middle-class children have different cognitive
skills from other children at very early ages in basic
cognitive domains. Although difficult, with appropriate
methodological care, experimental cross-species comparisons
may be validly made.},
Doi = {10.1037/0735-7036.122.4.449},
Key = {fds351819}
}
@article{fds351820,
Author = {Liszkowski, U and Carpenter, M and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Twelve-month-olds communicate helpfully and appropriately
for knowledgeable and ignorant partners.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {108},
Number = {3},
Pages = {732-739},
Year = {2008},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2008.06.013},
Abstract = {In the current study we investigated whether 12-month-old
infants gesture appropriately for knowledgeable versus
ignorant partners, in order to provide them with needed
information. In two experiments we found that in response to
a searching adult, 12-month-olds pointed more often to an
object whose location the adult did not know and thus needed
information to find (she had not seen it fall down just
previously) than to an object whose location she knew and
thus did not need information to find (she had watched it
fall down just previously). These results demonstrate that,
in contrast to classic views of infant communication,
infants' early pointing at 12 months is already premised on
an understanding of others' knowledge and ignorance, along
with a prosocial motive to help others by providing needed
information.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2008.06.013},
Key = {fds351820}
}
@misc{fds351821,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {First steps toward a usage-based theory of language
acquisition},
Pages = {439-458},
Booktitle = {Cognitive Linguistics: Basic Readings},
Year = {2008},
Month = {August},
ISBN = {9783110190847},
Key = {fds351821}
}
@article{fds351822,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Warneken, F},
Title = {Human behaviour: Share and share alike.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {454},
Number = {7208},
Pages = {1057-1058},
Year = {2008},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/4541057a},
Doi = {10.1038/4541057a},
Key = {fds351822}
}
@article{fds351823,
Author = {Dabrowska, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Rapid learning of an abstract language-specific category:
Polish children's acquisition of the instrumental
construction.},
Journal = {Journal of child language},
Volume = {35},
Number = {3},
Pages = {533-558},
Year = {2008},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000908008660},
Abstract = {Rapid acquisition of linguistic categories or constructions
is sometimes regarded as evidence of innate knowledge. In
this paper, we examine Polish children's early understanding
of an idiosyncratic, language-specific construction
involving the instrumental case - which could not be due to
innate knowledge. Thirty Polish-speaking children aged 2 ; 6
and 3 ; 2 participated in a elicited production experiment
with novel verbs that were demonstrated as taking nouns in
the instrumental case as patients. Children heard the verbs
in sentences with either masculine or feminine nouns (which
take different endings in the instrumental case), and were
tested with new nouns of the same and of the opposite
gender. In both age groups, a substantial majority of
children succeeded in generalizing from one gendered form of
the instrumental case to the other (especially to the
masculine), thus indicating that they have some kind of
abstract understanding of the instrumental case in this
construction. This relatively early abstract knowledge of an
idiosyncratic construction casts doubt on the view that
early acquisition requires innate linguistic
knowledge.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0305000908008660},
Key = {fds351823}
}
@article{fds351824,
Author = {Dittmar, M and Abbot-Smith, K and Lieven, E and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Young German children's early syntactic competence: a
preferential looking study.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {11},
Number = {4},
Pages = {575-582},
Year = {2008},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00703.x},
Abstract = {Using a preferential looking methodology with novel verbs,
Gertner, Fisher and Eisengart (2006) found that 21-month-old
English children seemed to understand the syntactic marking
of transitive word order in an abstract, verb-general way.
In the current study we tested whether young German children
of this same age have this same understanding. Following
Gertner et al. (2006), one group of German children was
tested only after they had received a training/practice
phase containing transitive sentences with familiar verbs
and the exact same nouns as those used at test. A second
group was tested after a training/practice phase consisting
only of familiar verbs, without the nouns used at test. Only
the group of children with the training on full transitive
sentences was successful in the test. These findings suggest
that for children this young to succeed in this test of
syntactic understanding, they must first have some kind of
relevant linguistic experience immediately prior to
testing--which raises the question of the nature of
children's linguistic representations at this early point in
development.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00703.x},
Key = {fds351824}
}
@article{fds351825,
Author = {Dittmar, M and Abbot-Smith, K and Lieven, E and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {German children's comprehension of word order and case
marking in causative sentences.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {79},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1152-1167},
Year = {2008},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01181.x},
Abstract = {Two comprehension experiments were conducted to investigate
whether German children are able to use the grammatical cues
of word order and word endings (case markers) to identify
agents and patients in a causative sentence and whether they
weigh these two cues differently across development.
Two-year-olds correctly understood only sentences with both
cues supporting each other--the prototypical form.
Five-year-olds were able to use word order by itself but not
case markers. Only 7-year-olds behaved like adults by
relying on case markers over word order when the two cues
conflicted. These findings suggest that prototypical
instances of linguistic constructions with redundant
grammatical marking play a special role in early
acquisition, and only later do children isolate and weigh
individual grammatical cues appropriately.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01181.x},
Key = {fds351825}
}
@article{fds351826,
Author = {Chang, F and Lieven, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Automatic evaluation of syntactic learners in
typologically-different languages},
Journal = {Cognitive Systems Research},
Volume = {9},
Number = {3},
Pages = {198-213},
Year = {2008},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2007.10.002},
Abstract = {Human syntax acquisition involves a system that can learn
constraints on possible word sequences in
typologically-different human languages. Evaluation of
computational syntax acquisition systems typically involves
theory-specific or language-specific assumptions that make
it difficult to compare results in multiple languages. To
address this problem, a bag-of-words incremental generation
(BIG) task with an automatic sentence prediction accuracy
(SPA) evaluation measure was developed. The BIG-SPA task was
used to test several learners that incorporated n-gram
statistics which are commonly found in statistical
approaches to syntax acquisition. In addition, a novel
Adjacency-Prominence learner, that was based on
psycholinguistic work in sentence production and syntax
acquisition, was also tested and it was found that this
learner yielded the best results in this task on these
languages. In general, the BIG-SPA task is argued to be a
useful platform for comparing explicit theories of syntax
acquisition in multiple languages. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All
rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogsys.2007.10.002},
Key = {fds351826}
}
@article{fds351827,
Author = {Tennie, C and Hedwig, D and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {An experimental study of nettle feeding in captive
gorillas.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {70},
Number = {6},
Pages = {584-593},
Year = {2008},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20532},
Abstract = {Mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) in Karisoke,
Rwanda, feed on the stinging nettle Laportea alatipes by
means of elaborate processing skills. Byrne [e.g.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London,
Series B, Biological Sciences 358:529-536, 2003] has claimed
that individuals acquire these skills by means of the
so-called program-level imitation, in which the overall
sequence of problem-solving steps (not the precise actions)
is reproduced. In this study we present western lowland
gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) with highly similar
nettles. Twelve gorillas in three different groups
(including also one nettle-naïve gorilla) used the same
program-level technique as wild mountain gorillas (with
differences mainly on the action level). Chimpanzees,
orangutans, and bonobos did not show these program-level
patterns, nor did the gorillas when presented with a plant
similar in structural design but lacking stinging defenses.
We conclude that although certain aspects (i.e. single
actions) of this complex skill may be owing to social
learning, at the program level gorilla nettle feeding
derives mostly from genetic predispositions and individual
learning of plant affordances.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.20532},
Key = {fds351827}
}
@article{fds351828,
Author = {Buttelmann, D and Carpenter, M and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Rational tool use and tool choice in human infants and great
apes.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {79},
Number = {3},
Pages = {609-626},
Year = {2008},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01146.x},
Abstract = {G. Gergely, H. Bekkering, and I. Király (2002) showed that
14-month-old infants imitate rationally, copying an adult's
unusual action more often when it was freely chosen than
when it was forced by some constraint. This suggests that
infants understand others' intentions as rational choices of
action plans. It is important to test whether apes also
understand others' intentions in this way. In each of the
current 3 studies, a comparison group of 14-month-olds used
a tool more often when a demonstrator freely chose to use it
than when she had to use it, but apes generally used the
tool equally often in both conditions (orangutans were an
exception). Only some apes thus show an understanding of
others' intentions as rational choices of action
plans.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01146.x},
Key = {fds351828}
}
@article{fds351829,
Author = {Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? 30 years
later.},
Journal = {Trends in cognitive sciences},
Volume = {12},
Number = {5},
Pages = {187-192},
Year = {2008},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2008.02.010},
Abstract = {On the 30th anniversary of Premack and Woodruff's seminal
paper asking whether chimpanzees have a theory of mind, we
review recent evidence that suggests in many respects they
do, whereas in other respects they might not. Specifically,
there is solid evidence from several different experimental
paradigms that chimpanzees understand the goals and
intentions of others, as well as the perception and
knowledge of others. Nevertheless, despite several seemingly
valid attempts, there is currently no evidence that
chimpanzees understand false beliefs. Our conclusion for the
moment is, thus, that chimpanzees understand others in terms
of a perception-goal psychology, as opposed to a
full-fledged, human-like belief-desire psychology.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2008.02.010},
Key = {fds351829}
}
@article{fds351830,
Author = {Rakoczy, H and Warneken, F and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The sources of normativity: young children's awareness of
the normative structure of games.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {44},
Number = {3},
Pages = {875-881},
Year = {2008},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.44.3.875},
Abstract = {In two studies, the authors investigated 2- and 3-year-old
children's awareness of the normative structure of
conventional games. In the target conditions, an
experimenter showed a child how to play a simple rule game.
After the child and the experimenter had played for a while,
a puppet came (controlled by a 2nd experimenter), asked to
join in, and then performed an action that constituted a
mistake in the game. In control conditions, the puppet
performed the exact same action as in the experimental
conditions, but the context was different such that this act
did not constitute a mistake. Children's normative responses
to the puppet's acts (e.g., protest, critique, or teaching)
were scored. Both age groups performed more normative
responses in the target than in the control conditions, but
the 3-year-olds did so on a more explicit level. These
studies demonstrate in a particularly strong way that even
very young children have some grasp of the normative
structure of conventional activities.},
Doi = {10.1037/0012-1649.44.3.875},
Key = {fds351830}
}
@article{fds351831,
Author = {Brandt, S and Diessel, H and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The acquisition of German relative clauses: a case
study.},
Journal = {Journal of child language},
Volume = {35},
Number = {2},
Pages = {325-348},
Year = {2008},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000907008379},
Abstract = {This paper investigates the development of relative clauses
in the speech of one German-speaking child aged 2 ; 0 to 5 ;
0. The earliest relative clauses we found in the data occur
in topicalization constructions that are only a little
different from simple sentences: they contain a single
proposition, express the actor prior to other participants,
assert new information and often occur with main-clause word
order. In the course of the development, more complex
relative constructions emerge, in which the relative clause
is embedded in a fully-fledged main clause. We argue that
German relative clauses develop in an incremental fashion
from simple non-embedded sentences that gradually evolve
into complex sentence constructions.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0305000907008379},
Key = {fds351831}
}
@article{fds351832,
Author = {Liszkowski, U and Albrecht, K and Carpenter, M and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Infants' visual and auditory communication when a partner is
or is not visually attending.},
Journal = {Infant behavior & development},
Volume = {31},
Number = {2},
Pages = {157-167},
Year = {2008},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2007.10.011},
Abstract = {In the current study we investigated infants' communication
in the visual and auditory modalities as a function of the
recipient's visual attention. We elicited pointing at
interesting events from thirty-two 12-month olds and
thirty-two 18-month olds in two conditions: when the
recipient either was or was not visually attending to them
before and during the point. The main result was that
infants initiated more pointing when the recipient's visual
attention was on them than when it was not. In addition,
when the recipient did not respond by sharing interest in
the designated event, infants initiated more repairs
(repeated pointing) than when she did, again, especially
when the recipient was visually attending to them.
Interestingly, accompanying vocalizations were used
intentionally and increased in both experimental conditions
when the recipient did not share attention and interest.
However, there was little evidence that infants used their
vocalizations to direct attention to their gestures when the
recipient was not attending to them.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.infbeh.2007.10.011},
Key = {fds351832}
}
@article{fds351833,
Author = {Riedel, J and Schumann, K and Kaminski, J and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {The early ontogeny of human-dog communication},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {75},
Number = {3},
Pages = {1003-1014},
Year = {2008},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.08.010},
Abstract = {Although dogs, Canis familiaris, are skilful at responding
to human social cues, the role of ontogeny in the
development of these abilities has not been systematically
examined. We studied the ability of very young dog puppies
to follow human communicative cues and successfully find
hidden food. In the first experiment we compared 6-, 8-, 16-
and 24-week-old puppies in their ability to use pointing
gestures or a marker as a cue. The results showed that
puppies, independent of age, could use all human
communicative cues provided; only their success at using the
marker cue increased with age. In the second and third
experiments we investigated the flexibility of the puppies'
understanding by reducing the degree to which they could use
local enhancement to solve these problems. Here, subjects
could not simply approach the hand of the experimenter and
follow its direction to the correct location because cups
were placed next to the dog instead of next to the
experimenter. Six-week-old puppies readily used all of the
human communicative cues provided. These findings support
the hypothesis that domestication played a critical role in
shaping the ability of dogs to follow human-given cues. ©
2007 The Association for the Study of Animal
Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.08.010},
Key = {fds351833}
}
@misc{fds351834,
Author = {Kruger, AC and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Cultural Learning and Learning Culture},
Pages = {353-372},
Booktitle = {The Handbook of Education and Human Development: New Models
of Learning, Teaching and Schooling},
Year = {2008},
Month = {February},
ISBN = {9780631211860},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/b.9780631211860.1998.00018.x},
Abstract = {The universals and cultural variations of human development
have been the focus of fruitful study by anthropologists for
decades. In recent years psychologists also have directed
their attention, long overdue, to understanding development
in cultural context. There are striking differences among
psychologists, however, in the approaches they take to
culture and development. Most markedly, Cole (1989)
distinguishes two very different theoretical perspectives on
cultural psychology and its approach to human development.
In one perspective the focus is on culture as a collective
enterprise (e.g., Gauvain, in press: Shweder, 1990; Super
and Harkness, 1986). There is no need in this view for
focusing on the individual development of individual
children since all important forms of learning are socially
distributed; children simply become more skillful over time
at participating in various collective activities (Lave and
Wenger, 1991). Indeed, in some versions of this more
sociological view of cultural psychology the focus on the
cultural collective is so strong that there is really no
justification for reference to the development of
individuals at all: "Individual, interpersonal, and
sociocultural processes constitute each other and cannot be
separated" (Rogoff, Chavajay, and Matusov, 1993, p.
533).},
Doi = {10.1111/b.9780631211860.1998.00018.x},
Key = {fds351834}
}
@misc{fds351835,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Cognitive Linguistics},
Pages = {477-487},
Booktitle = {A Companion to Cognitive Science},
Year = {2008},
Month = {February},
ISBN = {9780631218517},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781405164535.ch37},
Abstract = {A central goal of cognitive science is to understand how
human beings comprehend, produce, and acquire natural
languages. Throughout the brief history of modern cognitive
science, the linguistic theory that has been most prominent
in this endeavor is generative grammar as espoused by Noam
Chomsky and colleagues. Generative grammar is a theoretical
approach that seeks to describe and explain natural language
in terms of its mathematical form, using formal languages
such as propositional logic and automata theory. The most
fundamental distinction in generative grammar is therefore
the formal distinction between semantics and syntax. The
semantics of a linguistic proposition are the objective
conditions under which it may truthfully be stated, and the
syntax of that proposition is the mathematical structure of
its linguistic elements and relations irrespective of their
semantics.},
Doi = {10.1002/9781405164535.ch37},
Key = {fds351835}
}
@article{fds320803,
Author = {Herrmann, E and Call, J and Hernández-Lloreda, MV and Hare, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Response [3]},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {319},
Number = {5863},
Pages = {569},
Year = {2008},
Month = {February},
Key = {fds320803}
}
@article{fds320804,
Author = {Herrmann, E and Call, J and Hernandez-Lloreda, MV and Hare, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Comparing social skills of children and apes -
Response},
Journal = {SCIENCE},
Volume = {319},
Number = {5863},
Pages = {570-570},
Publisher = {AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE},
Year = {2008},
Month = {February},
Key = {fds320804}
}
@article{fds351836,
Author = {Liebal, K and Colombi, C and Rogers, SJ and Warneken, F and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Helping and cooperation in children with
autism.},
Journal = {Journal of autism and developmental disorders},
Volume = {38},
Number = {2},
Pages = {224-238},
Year = {2008},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-007-0381-5},
Abstract = {Helping and cooperation are central to human social life.
Here, we report two studies investigating these social
behaviors in children with autism and children with
developmental delay. In the first study, both groups of
children helped the experimenter attain her goals. In the
second study, both groups of children cooperated with an
adult, but fewer children with autism performed the tasks
successfully. When the adult stopped interacting at a
certain moment, children with autism produced fewer attempts
to re-engage her, possibly indicating that they had not
formed a shared goal/shared intentions with her. These
results are discussed in terms of the prerequisite cognitive
and motivational skills and propensities underlying social
behavior.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10803-007-0381-5},
Key = {fds351836}
}
@article{fds351837,
Author = {Jensen, K and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Response [6]},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {319},
Number = {5861},
Pages = {284},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds351837}
}
@article{fds320802,
Author = {Melis, AP and Hare, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Do chimpanzees reciprocate received favours?},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {76},
Number = {3},
Pages = {951-962},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.05.014},
Abstract = {Reciprocal interactions observed in animals may persist
because individuals keep careful account of services
exchanged with each group member. To test whether
chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, possess the cognitive skills
required for this type of contingency-based reciprocity, we
gave chimpanzees the choice of cooperating with a
conspecific who had helped them previously or one who had
not helped them in two different experimental tasks. In the
first experiment, one of the partners preferentially
recruited the subjects to cooperate in a mutualistic task,
while the other potential partner never chose to cooperate
with the subject, but rather chose a different partner. In
the second experiment, one of the partners altruistically
helped the subjects to reach food, while the other partner
never helped the subject, but rather took the food himself.
In both experiments there was some evidence that the
chimpanzees increased the amount they cooperated with or
helped the partner who had been more helpful towards them
compared to their baseline behaviour towards the same
individual (or in a control condition). However, in both
experiments this effect was relatively weak and subjects did
not preferentially favour the individual who had favoured
them over the one who had not in either experiment. Although
taken together, these experiments provide some support for
the hypothesis that chimpanzees are capable of contingent
reciprocity, they also suggest that models of immediate
reciprocation and detailed accounts of recent exchanges
(e.g. Tit for Tat) may not play a large role in guiding the
social decisions of chimpanzees. © 2008 The Association for
the Study of Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.05.014},
Key = {fds320802}
}
@article{fds351838,
Author = {Matthews, D and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Grammar},
Volume = {1-3},
Pages = {38-50},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Infant and Early Childhood Development,
Three-Volume Set},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780123704603},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-012370877-9.00073-6},
Abstract = {To acquire competence with a natural language, young
children must master the grammatical constructions of their
language(s). In this article we outline the main theoretical
issues in the field and trace the developmental path
children follow from talking in single-unit 'holophrases' to
using complex, abstract constructions. We describe the
development of children's initial skills with word order,
case marking, and morphology as abstract elements in early
constructions, and we discuss the level of abstraction
characteristic of young children's grammatical constructions
at different stages of development and in some different
languages of the world. Finally, we consider the learning
processes that enable young children both to acquire and to
abstract across grammatical constructions.},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-012370877-9.00073-6},
Key = {fds351838}
}
@article{fds351840,
Author = {Abbot-Smith, K and Lieven, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Graded representations in the acquisition of English and
German transitive constructions},
Journal = {Cognitive Development},
Volume = {23},
Number = {1},
Pages = {48-66},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2007.11.002},
Abstract = {English and German children aged 2 years 4 months and 4
years heard both novel and familiar verbs in sentences whose
form was grammatical, but which mismatched the event they
were watching (e.g., 'The frog is pushing the lion', when
the lion was actually the 'agent' or 'doer' of the pushing).
These verbs were then elicited in new sentences. All
children mostly corrected the familiar verb (i.e., they used
the agent as the grammatical subject), but there were
cross-linguistic differences among the two-year-olds
concerning the novel verb. When English 2-year-olds used the
novel verb they mostly corrected. However, their most
frequent response was to avoid using the novel verb
altogether. German 2-year-olds corrected the novel verb
significantly more often than their English counterparts,
demonstrating more robust verb-general representations of
agent- and patient-marking. These findings provide support
for a 'graded representations' view of development, which
proposes that grammatical representations may be
simultaneously abstract but 'weak'. © 2007 Elsevier Inc.
All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogdev.2007.11.002},
Key = {fds351840}
}
@article{fds351841,
Author = {Moll, H and Richter, N and Carpenter, M and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Fourteen-month-olds know what "we" have shared in a special
way},
Journal = {Infancy},
Volume = {13},
Number = {1},
Pages = {90-101},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15250000701779402},
Abstract = {People often express excitement to each other when
encountering an object that they have shared together
previously in some special way. This study investigated
whether 14-month-old infants know precisely what they have
and have not shared in a special way (and with whom). In the
experimental condition an adult and infant shared an object
(the target) excitedly because it unexpectedly reappeared in
several places. They then shared 2 other objects (the
distractors) in a more normal fashion. Later, the adult
reacted excitedly to a tray containing all 3 objects and
then made an ambiguous request for the infant to hand "it"
to her. There were 2 control conditions. In 1 of them, a
different adult, who knew none of the 3 objects, made the
ambiguous request. In the other control condition, the adult
who made the request had previously experienced the objects
only alone, while the infant looked on unengaged. Infants in
the experimental condition chose the target object more
often than the distractors and more often than they chose it
in either control condition. These results demonstrate that
14-month-old infants can identify which one of a set of
objects "we" - and not just I or you alone - have had a
special experience with in the past.},
Doi = {10.1080/15250000701779402},
Key = {fds351841}
}
@article{fds351842,
Author = {Buttelmann, D and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Behavioral cues that great apes use to forage for hidden
food.},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1},
Pages = {117-128},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-007-0095-2},
Abstract = {We conducted three studies to examine whether the four great
ape species (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans)
are able to use behavioral experimenter-given cues in an
object-choice task. In the subsequent experimental
conditions subjects were presented with two eggs, one of
which contained food and the other did not. In Study 1 the
experimenter examined both eggs by smelling or shaking them,
but only made a failed attempt to open (via biting) the egg
containing food. In a control condition, the experimenter
examined and attempted to open both eggs, but in reverse
order to control for stimulus enhancement. The apes
significantly preferred the egg that was first examined and
then bitten, but had no preference in a baseline condition
in which there were no cues. In Study 2, we investigated
whether the apes could extend this ability to cues not
observed in apes so far (i.e., attempting to pull apart the
egg), as well as whether they made this discrimination based
on the function of the action the experimenter performed.
Subjects significantly preferred eggs presented with this
novel cue, but did not prefer eggs presented with a novel
but functionally irrelevant action. In Study 3, apes did not
interpret human actions as cues to food-location when they
already knew that the eggs were empty. Thus, great apes were
able to use a variety of experimenter-given cues associated
with foraging actions to locate hidden food and thereby were
partially sensitive to the general purpose underlying these
actions.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-007-0095-2},
Key = {fds351842}
}
@article{fds351843,
Author = {Bräuer, J and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Chimpanzees do not take into account what others can hear in
a competitive situation.},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1},
Pages = {175-178},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-007-0097-0},
Abstract = {Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) know what others can and
cannot see in a competitive situation. Does this reflect a
general understanding the perceptions of others? In a study
by Hare et al. (2000) pairs of chimpanzees competed over two
pieces of food. Subordinate individuals preferred to
approach food that was behind a barrier that the dominant
could not see, suggesting that chimpanzees can take the
visual perspective of others. We extended this paradigm to
the auditory modality to investigate whether chimpanzees are
sensitive to whether a competitor can hear food rewards
being hidden. Results suggested that the chimpanzees did not
take what the competitor had heard into account, despite
being able to locate the hiding place themselves by the
noise.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-007-0097-0},
Key = {fds351843}
}
@article{fds351844,
Author = {Tolar, TD and Lederberg, AR and Gokhale, S and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {The development of the ability to recognize the meaning of
iconic signs.},
Journal = {Journal of deaf studies and deaf education},
Volume = {13},
Number = {2},
Pages = {225-240},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enm045},
Abstract = {Early developmental psychologists viewed iconic
representation as cognitively less complex than other forms
of symbolic thought. It is therefore surprising that iconic
signs are not acquired more easily than arbitrary signs by
young language learners. One explanation is that children
younger than 3 years have difficulty interpreting iconicity.
The current study assessed hearing children's ability to
interpret the meaning of iconic signs. Sixty-six 2.5- to
5-year-olds who had no previous exposure to signs were
required to match iconic signs to pictures of referents.
Whereas few of the 2.5-year-olds recognized the meaning of
the iconic signs consistently, more than half of the
3.0-year-olds and most of 3.5-year-olds performed above
chance. Thus, the ability to recognize the meaning of iconic
signs gradually develops during the preschool years.
Implications of these findings for sign language
development, receptive signed vocabulary tests, and the
development of the ability to interpret iconic symbols are
discussed.},
Doi = {10.1093/deafed/enm045},
Key = {fds351844}
}
@misc{fds351839,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Cultural transmission: A view from chimpanzees and human
infants},
Pages = {33-47},
Booktitle = {Cultural Transmission: Psychological, Developmental, Social,
and Methodological Aspects},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780521880435},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511804670.004},
Abstract = {Introduction Primates are highly social beings. They begin
their lives clinging to their mother and nursing, and they
spend their next few months, or even years, still in
proximity to her. Adult primates live in close-knit social
groups, for the most part, in which members individually
recognize one another and form various types of long-term
social relationships (Tomasello & Call, 1994, 1997). As
primates, human beings follow this same pattern, of course,
but they also have unique forms of sociality that may be
characterized as “ultrasocial” or, in more common
parlance, “cultural” (Tomasello, Krüger, & Ratner,
1993). The forms of sociality that are mostly clearly unique
to human beings emerge in their ontogeny at approximately 9
months of age - what I have called the 9-month
social-cognitive revolution (Tomasello, 1995). This is the
age at which infants typically begin to engage in the kinds
of joint-attentional interactions in which they master the
use of cultural artifacts, including tools and language, and
become fully active participants in all types of cultural
rituals, scripts, and games. In this chapter, my goals are
to (1) characterize the primate and human forms of sociality
and cultural transmission, and (2) characterize in more
detail the ontogeny of human cultural propensities.},
Doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511804670.004},
Key = {fds351839}
}
@misc{fds368904,
Author = {Lieven, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {CHILDREN’S FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION FROM A USAGE-BASED
PERSPECTIVE1},
Pages = {168-196},
Booktitle = {Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics and Second Language
Acquisition},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780203938560},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203938560-16},
Abstract = {There are, however, major debates as to what they bring to
this language learning: do they come with innate,
specifically syntactic skills or, rather, with more general
cognitive and interactive skills? In this chapter, we will
argue for the latter and suggest that children’s language
development can be explained in terms of species-specific
learning and intentional communication. We argue that the
child learns language from actual “usage events,” i.e.
from particular utterances in particular contexts, and
builds up increasingly complex and abstract linguistic
representations from these.},
Doi = {10.4324/9780203938560-16},
Key = {fds368904}
}
@misc{fds376753,
Author = {Matthews, D and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Grammar},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {V2-38-V2-50},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Infant and Early Childhood Development,
Three-Volume Set},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780123704603},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-012370877-9.00073-6},
Abstract = {To acquire competence with a natural language, young
children must master the grammatical constructions of their
language(s). In this article we outline the main theoretical
issues in the field and trace the developmental path
children follow from talking in single-unit
‘holophrases’ to using complex, abstract constructions.
We describe the development of children’s initial skills
with word order, case marking, and morphology as abstract
elements in early constructions, and we discuss the level of
abstraction characteristic of young children’s grammatical
constructions at different stages of development and in some
different languages of the world. Finally, we consider the
learning processes that enable young children both to
acquire and to abstract across grammatical
constructions.},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-012370877-9.00073-6},
Key = {fds376753}
}
@article{fds351845,
Author = {Moll, H and Carpenter, M and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Fourteen-month-olds know what others experience only in
joint engagement.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {10},
Number = {6},
Pages = {826-835},
Year = {2007},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00615.x},
Abstract = {We investigated how 14-month-old infants know what others
know. In two studies, an infant played with each of two
objects in turn while an experimenter was present. Then the
experimenter left the room, and the infant played with a
third object with an assistant. The experimenter returned,
faced all three objects, and said excitedly 'Look! Can you
give it to me?' In Study 1, the experimenter experienced
each of the first two toys in episodes of joint visual
engagement (without manipulation) with the infant. In
response to her excited request infants gave the
experimenter the object she did not know, thus demonstrating
that they knew which ones she knew. In Study 2, infants
witnessed the experimenter jointly engage around each of the
experienced toys with the assistant, from a third-person
perspective. In response to her request, infants did not
give the experimenter the object she had not experienced. In
combination with other studies, these results suggest that
to know what others have experienced 14-month-old infants
must do more than just perceive others perceiving something;
they must engage with them actively in joint
engagement.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00615.x},
Key = {fds351845}
}
@article{fds351846,
Author = {Matthews, D and Lieven, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {How toddlers and preschoolers learn to uniquely identify
referents for others: a training study.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {78},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1744-1759},
Year = {2007},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01098.x},
Abstract = {This training study investigates how children learn to refer
to things unambiguously. Two hundred twenty-four children
aged 2.6, 3.6, and 4.6 years were pre- and posttested for
their ability to request stickers from a dense array.
Between test sessions, children were assigned to a training
condition in which they (a) asked for stickers from an
adult, (b) responded to an adult's requests for stickers,
(c) observed 1 adult ask another for stickers, or (d) heard
model descriptions of stickers. All conditions yielded
improvements in referring strategies, with condition (a)
being most effective. Four-year-olds additionally
demonstrated learning effects in a transfer task. These
results suggest that young children's communication skills
develop best in response to feedback about their own
attempts at reference.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01098.x},
Key = {fds351846}
}
@article{fds351847,
Author = {Jensen, K and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Chimpanzees are rational maximizers in an ultimatum
game.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {318},
Number = {5847},
Pages = {107-109},
Year = {2007},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1145850},
Abstract = {Traditional models of economic decision-making assume that
people are self-interested rational maximizers. Empirical
research has demonstrated, however, that people will take
into account the interests of others and are sensitive to
norms of cooperation and fairness. In one of the most robust
tests of this finding, the ultimatum game, individuals will
reject a proposed division of a monetary windfall, at a cost
to themselves, if they perceive it as unfair. Here we show
that in an ultimatum game, humans' closest living relatives,
chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), are rational maximizers and
are not sensitive to fairness. These results support the
hypothesis that other-regarding preferences and aversion to
inequitable outcomes, which play key roles in human social
organization, distinguish us from our closest living
relatives.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1145850},
Key = {fds351847}
}
@article{fds366597,
Author = {Bräuer, J and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Chimpanzees really know what others can see in a competitive
situation.},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {10},
Number = {4},
Pages = {439-448},
Year = {2007},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-007-0088-1},
Abstract = {Chimpanzee's perspective-taking abilities are currently
disputed. Here we show that in some food competition
contexts, subordinate chimpanzees do take the visual
perspective of dominant individuals, preferentially
targeting a hidden piece of the food that the dominant
cannot see over a piece that is visible to both individuals.
However, the space where the animals compete is critical in
determining whether subjects demonstrate this skill. We
suggest that competition intensity, as mediated by these
spatial factors, may play an important role in determining
the strategy chimpanzees utilize in competitive contexts.
Since some strategies may not require visual perspective
taking in order to be successful, chimpanzees may not always
demonstrate this skill. Differences in spatial arrangement
may therefore account for the conflicting results of past
studies.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-007-0088-1},
Key = {fds366597}
}
@article{fds320805,
Author = {Herrmann, E and Call, J and Hernàndez-Lloreda, MV and Hare, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Humans have evolved specialized skills of social cognition:
the cultural intelligence hypothesis.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {317},
Number = {5843},
Pages = {1360-1366},
Year = {2007},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1146282},
Abstract = {Humans have many cognitive skills not possessed by their
nearest primate relatives. The cultural intelligence
hypothesis argues that this is mainly due to a
species-specific set of social-cognitive skills, emerging
early in ontogeny, for participating and exchanging
knowledge in cultural groups. We tested this hypothesis by
giving a comprehensive battery of cognitive tests to large
numbers of two of humans' closest primate relatives,
chimpanzees and orangutans, as well as to 2.5-year-old human
children before literacy and schooling. Supporting the
cultural intelligence hypothesis and contradicting the
hypothesis that humans simply have more "general
intelligence," we found that the children and chimpanzees
had very similar cognitive skills for dealing with the
physical world but that the children had more sophisticated
cognitive skills than either of the ape species for dealing
with the social world.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1146282},
Key = {fds320805}
}
@article{fds351848,
Author = {Kidd, E and Brandt, S and Lieven, E and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Object relatives made easy: A cross-linguistic comparison of
the constraints influencing young children's processing of
relative clauses},
Journal = {Language and Cognitive Processes},
Volume = {22},
Number = {6},
Pages = {860-897},
Year = {2007},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01690960601155284},
Abstract = {We present the results from four studies, two corpora and
two experimental, which suggest that English- and
German-speaking children (3;1-4;9 years) use multiple
constraints to process and produce object relative clauses.
Our two corpora studies show that children produce object
relatives that reflect the distributional and discourse
regularities of the input. Specifically, the results show
that when children produce object relatives they most often
do so with (a) an inanimate head noun, and (b) a pronominal
relative clause subject. Our experimental findings show that
children use these constraints to process and produce this
construction type. Moreover, when children were required to
repeat the object relatives they most often use in
naturalistic speech, the subject-object asymmetry in
processing of relative clauses disappeared. We also report
cross-linguistic differences in children's rate of
acquisition which reflect properties of the input language.
Overall, our results suggest that children are sensitive to
the same constraints on relative clause processing as
adults.},
Doi = {10.1080/01690960601155284},
Key = {fds351848}
}
@article{fds351849,
Author = {Grassmann, S and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Two-year-olds use primary sentence accent to learn new
words.},
Journal = {Journal of child language},
Volume = {34},
Number = {3},
Pages = {677-687},
Year = {2007},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000907008021},
Abstract = {German children aged 2;1 heard a sentence containing a nonce
noun and a nonce verb (Der Feks miekt). Either the noun or
the verb was prosodically highlighted by increased pitch,
duration and loudness. Independently, either the object or
the action in the ongoing referential scene was the new
element in the situation. Children learned the nonce noun
only when it was both highlighted prosodically and the
object in the scene was referentially new. They did not
learn the nonce verb in any condition. These results suggest
that from early in linguistic development, young children
understand that prosodic salience in a sentence indicates
referential newness.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0305000907008021},
Key = {fds351849}
}
@article{fds351850,
Author = {Jensen, K and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Chimpanzees are vengeful but not spiteful.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {104},
Number = {32},
Pages = {13046-13050},
Year = {2007},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0705555104},
Abstract = {People are willing to punish others at a personal cost, and
this apparently antisocial tendency can stabilize
cooperation. What motivates humans to punish noncooperators
is likely a combination of aversion to both unfair outcomes
and unfair intentions. Here we report a pair of studies in
which captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) did not inflict
costs on conspecifics by knocking food away if the outcome
alone was personally disadvantageous but did retaliate
against conspecifics who actually stole the food from them.
Like humans, chimpanzees retaliate against personally
harmful actions, but unlike humans, they are indifferent to
simply personally disadvantageous outcomes and are therefore
not spiteful.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0705555104},
Key = {fds351850}
}
@article{fds325191,
Author = {Warneken, F and Hare, B and Melis, AP and Hanus, D and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Spontaneous altruism by chimpanzees and young
children.},
Journal = {PLoS biology},
Volume = {5},
Number = {7},
Pages = {e184},
Year = {2007},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0050184},
Abstract = {People often act on behalf of others. They do so without
immediate personal gain, at cost to themselves, and even
toward unfamiliar individuals. Many researchers have claimed
that such altruism emanates from a species-unique psychology
not found in humans' closest living evolutionary relatives,
such as the chimpanzee. In favor of this view, the few
experimental studies on altruism in chimpanzees have
produced mostly negative results. In contrast, we report
experimental evidence that chimpanzees perform basic forms
of helping in the absence of rewards spontaneously and
repeatedly toward humans and conspecifics. In two
comparative studies, semi-free ranging chimpanzees helped an
unfamiliar human to the same degree as did human infants,
irrespective of being rewarded (experiment 1) or whether the
helping was costly (experiment 2). In a third study,
chimpanzees helped an unrelated conspecific gain access to
food in a novel situation that required subjects to use a
newly acquired skill on behalf of another individual. These
results indicate that chimpanzees share crucial aspects of
altruism with humans, suggesting that the roots of human
altruism may go deeper than previous experimental evidence
suggested.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.0050184},
Key = {fds325191}
}
@article{fds351851,
Author = {Buttelmann, D and Carpenter, M and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Enculturated chimpanzees imitate rationally.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {10},
Number = {4},
Pages = {F31-F38},
Year = {2007},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00630.x},
Abstract = {Human infants imitate others' actions 'rationally': they
copy a demonstrator's action when that action is freely
chosen, but less when it is forced by some constraint
(Gergely, Bekkering & Király, 2002). We investigated
whether enculturated chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) also
imitate rationally. Using Gergely and colleagues' (2002)
basic procedure, a human demonstrator operated each of six
apparatuses using an unusual body part (he pressed it with
his forehead or foot, or sat on it). In the Hands Free
condition he used this unusual means even though his hands
were free, suggesting a free choice. In the Hands Occupied
condition he used the unusual means only because his hands
were occupied, suggesting a constrained or forced choice.
Like human infants, chimpanzees imitated the modeled action
more often in the Hands Free than in the Hands Occupied
condition. Enculturated chimpanzees thus have some
understanding of the rationality of others' intentional
actions, and use this understanding when imitating
others.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00630.x},
Key = {fds351851}
}
@article{fds351852,
Author = {Okamoto-Barth, S and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Great apes' understanding of other individuals' line of
sight.},
Journal = {Psychological science},
Volume = {18},
Number = {5},
Pages = {462-468},
Year = {2007},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01922.x},
Abstract = {Previous research has shown that many social animals follow
the gaze of other individuals. However, knowledge about how
this skill differs between species and whether it shows a
relationship with genetic distance from humans is still
fragmentary. In the present study of gaze following in great
apes, we manipulated the nature of a visual obstruction and
the presence/absence of a target. We found that bonobos,
chimpanzees, and gorillas followed gaze significantly more
often when the obstruction had a window than when it did
not, just as human infants do. Additionally, bonobos and
chimpanzees looked at the experimenter's side of a
windowless obstruction more often than the other species.
Moreover, bonobos produced more double looks when the
barrier was opaque than when it had a window, indicating an
understanding of what other individuals see. The most
distant human relatives studied, orangutans, showed few
signs of understanding what another individual saw. Instead,
they were attracted to the target's location by the target's
presence, but not by the experimenter's gaze. Great apes'
perspective-taking skills seem to have increased in the
evolutionary lineage leading to bonobos, chimpanzees, and
humans.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01922.x},
Key = {fds351852}
}
@article{fds351853,
Author = {Matthews, D and Lieven, E and Theakston, A and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {French children's use and correction of weird word orders: a
constructivist account.},
Journal = {Journal of child language},
Volume = {34},
Number = {2},
Pages = {381-409},
Year = {2007},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030500090600794x},
Abstract = {Using the weird word order methodology (Akhtar, 1999), we
investigated children's understanding of SVO word order in
French, a language with less consistent argument ordering
patterns than English. One hundred and twelve French
children (ages 2; 10 and 3; 9) heard either high or low
frequency verbs modelled in either SOV or VSO order (both
ungrammatical). Results showed that: (1) children were more
likely to adopt a weird word order if they heard lower
frequency verbs, suggesting gradual learning; (2) children
in the high frequency conditions tended to correct the
ungrammatical model they heard to the closest grammatical
alternative, suggesting different models activated different
grammatical schemas; and (3) children were less likely to
express the object of a transitive verb than were English
children in an equivalent study, suggesting object
expression is more difficult to master in French, perhaps
because of its inconsistency in the input. These findings
are discussed in the context of a usage-based model of
language acquisition.},
Doi = {10.1017/s030500090600794x},
Key = {fds351853}
}
@article{fds351854,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Carpenter, M and Liszkowski, U},
Title = {A new look at infant pointing.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {78},
Number = {3},
Pages = {705-722},
Year = {2007},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01025.x},
Abstract = {The current article proposes a new theory of infant pointing
involving multiple layers of intentionality and shared
intentionality. In the context of this theory, evidence is
presented for a rich interpretation of prelinguistic
communication, that is, one that posits that when
12-month-old infants point for an adult they are in some
sense trying to influence her mental states. Moreover,
evidence is also presented for a deeply social view in which
infant pointing is best understood--on many levels and in
many ways--as depending on uniquely human skills and
motivations for cooperation and shared intentionality (e.g.,
joint intentions and attention with others). Children's
early linguistic skills are built on this already existing
platform of prelinguistic communication.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01025.x},
Key = {fds351854}
}
@article{fds366598,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Carpenter, M and Call, J and Behne, T and Moll,
H},
Title = {Understanding of intentions, shared intentions: The origins
of cultural thinking},
Journal = {Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle},
Volume = {62},
Number = {1},
Pages = {61-105},
Year = {2007},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/MPSzle.62.2007.1.4},
Abstract = {We propose that the crucial difference between human
cognition and that of other species is the ability to
participate with others in collaborative activities with
shared goals and intentions: shared intentionality.
Participation in such activities requires not only
especially powerful forms of intention reading and cultural
learning, but also a unique motivation to share
psychological states with others and unique forms of
cognitive representation for doing so. The result of
participating in these activities is species-unique forms of
cultural cognition and evolution, enabling everything from
the creation and use of linguistic symbols to the
construction of social norms and individual beliefs to the
establishment of social institutions. In support of this
proposal we argue and present evidence that great apes (and
some children with autism) understand the basics of
intentional action, but they still do not participate in
activities involving joint intentions and attention (shared
intentionality). Human children's skills of shared
intentionality develop gradually during the first 14 months
of life as two ontogenetic pathways intertwine: 1. the
general ape line of understanding others as animate,
goal-directed, and intentional agents; and 2. a
species-unique motivation to share emotions, experience, and
activities with other persons. The developmental outcome is
children's ability to construct dialogic cognitive
representations, which enable them to participate in earnest
in the collectivity that is human cognition.},
Doi = {10.1556/MPSzle.62.2007.1.4},
Key = {fds366598}
}
@misc{fds351855,
Author = {Moll, H and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Cooperation and human cognition: the Vygotskian intelligence
hypothesis.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {362},
Number = {1480},
Pages = {639-648},
Year = {2007},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.2000},
Abstract = {Nicholas Humphrey's social intelligence hypothesis proposed
that the major engine of primate cognitive evolution was
social competition. Lev Vygotsky also emphasized the social
dimension of intelligence, but he focused on human primates
and cultural things such as collaboration, communication and
teaching. A reasonable proposal is that primate cognition in
general was driven mainly by social competition, but beyond
that the unique aspects of human cognition were driven by,
or even constituted by, social cooperation. In the present
paper, we provide evidence for this Vygotskian intelligence
hypothesis by comparing the social-cognitive skills of great
apes with those of young human children in several domains
of activity involving cooperation and communication with
others. We argue, finally, that regular participation in
cooperative, cultural interactions during ontogeny leads
children to construct uniquely powerful forms of
perspectival cognitive representation.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2006.2000},
Key = {fds351855}
}
@article{fds325192,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Hare, B and Lehmann, H and Call,
J},
Title = {Reliance on head versus eyes in the gaze following of great
apes and human infants: the cooperative eye
hypothesis.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {52},
Number = {3},
Pages = {314-320},
Year = {2007},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.10.001},
Abstract = {As compared with other primates, humans have especially
visible eyes (e.g., white sclera). One hypothesis is that
this feature of human eyes evolved to make it easier for
conspecifics to follow an individual's gaze direction in
close-range joint attentional and communicative
interactions, which would seem to imply especially
cooperative (mututalistic) conspecifics. In the current
study, we tested one aspect of this cooperative eye
hypothesis by comparing the gaze following behavior of great
apes to that of human infants. A human experimenter "looked"
to the ceiling either with his eyes only, head only (eyes
closed), both head and eyes, or neither. Great apes followed
gaze to the ceiling based mainly on the human's head
direction (although eye direction played some role as well).
In contrast, human infants relied almost exclusively on eye
direction in these same situations. These results
demonstrate that humans are especially reliant on eyes in
gaze following situations, and thus, suggest that eyes
evolved a new social function in human evolution, most
likely to support cooperative (mututalistic) social
interactions.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.10.001},
Key = {fds325192}
}
@article{fds351856,
Author = {Liszkowski, U and Carpenter, M and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Pointing out new news, old news, and absent referents at 12
months of age.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {10},
Number = {2},
Pages = {F1-F7},
Year = {2007},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006.00552.x},
Abstract = {There is currently controversy over the nature of
1-year-olds' social-cognitive understanding and motives. In
this study we investigated whether 12-month-old infants
point for others with an understanding of their knowledge
states and with a prosocial motive for sharing experiences
with them. Declarative pointing was elicited in four
conditions created by crossing two factors: an adult partner
(1) was already attending to the target event or not, and
(2) emoted positively or neutrally. Pointing was also coded
after the event had ceased. The findings suggest that
12-month-olds point to inform others of events they do not
know about, that they point to share an attitude about
mutually attended events others already know about, and that
they can point (already prelinguistically) to absent
referents. These findings provide strong support for a
mentalistic and prosocial interpretation of infants'
prelinguistic communication.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006.00552.x},
Key = {fds351856}
}
@article{fds351857,
Author = {Moll, H and Tomasello, M},
Title = {How 14- and 18-month-olds know what others have
experienced.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {43},
Number = {2},
Pages = {309-317},
Year = {2007},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.2.309},
Abstract = {Fourteen- and 18-month-old infants observed an adult
experiencing each of 2 objects (experienced objects) and
then leaving the room; the infant then played with a 3rd
object while the adult was gone (unexperienced object). The
adult interacted with the 2 experienced objects in 1 of 3
ways: by (a) sharing them with the infant in an episode of
joint engagement, (b) actively manipulating and inspecting
them on his or her own as the infant watched (individual
engagement), or (c) looking at them from a distance as the
infant played with them (onlooking). As evidenced in a
selection task, infants of both ages knew which objects had
been experienced by the adult in the joint engagement
condition, only the 18-month-olds knew this in the
individual engagement condition, and infants at neither age
knew this in the onlooking condition. These results suggest
that infants are 1st able to determine what adults know
(have experienced) on the basis of their direct, triadic
engagements with them.},
Doi = {10.1037/0012-1649.43.2.309},
Key = {fds351857}
}
@article{fds351858,
Author = {Liszkowski, U and Carpenter, M and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Reference and attitude in infant pointing.},
Journal = {Journal of child language},
Volume = {34},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-20},
Year = {2007},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000906007689},
Abstract = {We investigated two main components of infant declarative
pointing, reference and attitude, in two experiments with a
total of 106 preverbal infants at 1;0. When an experimenter
(E) responded to the declarative pointing of these infants
by attending to an incorrect referent (with positive
attitude), infants repeated pointing within trials to
redirect E's attention, showing an understanding of E's
reference and active message repair. In contrast, when E
identified infants' referent correctly but displayed a
disinterested attitude, infants did not repeat pointing
within trials and pointed overall in fewer trials, showing
an understanding of E's unenthusiastic attitude about the
referent. When E attended to infants' intended referent AND
shared interest in it, infants were most satisfied, showing
no message repair within trials and pointing overall in more
trials. These results suggest that by twelve months of age
infant declarative pointing is a full communicative act
aimed at sharing with others both attention to a referent
and a specific attitude about that referent.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0305000906007689},
Key = {fds351858}
}
@article{fds351859,
Author = {Rakoczy, H and Warneken, F and Tomasello, M},
Title = {"This way!", "No! That way!"-3-year olds know that two
people can have mutually incompatible desires},
Journal = {Cognitive Development},
Volume = {22},
Number = {1},
Pages = {47-68},
Year = {2007},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2006.08.002},
Abstract = {In theory of mind research, there is a long standing dispute
about whether children come to understand the subjectivity
of both desires and beliefs at the same time (around age 4),
or whether there is an asymmetry such that desires are
understood earlier. To address this issue, 3-year olds'
understanding of situations in which two persons have
mutually incompatible desires was tested in two studies.
Results revealed that (i) children were quite proficient at
ascribing incompatible desires to two persons, and in
simpler scenarios even incompatible desire-dependent
emotions; (ii) children showed this proficiency even though
they mostly failed the false belief task. Overall, these
results suggest that there is an asymmetry such that young
children come to understand the subjective nature of desires
before they understand the corresponding subjectivity of
beliefs. Possible explanations for this asymmetry are
discussed in light of conceptual change and
information-processing accounts of theory of mind
development. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogdev.2006.08.002},
Key = {fds351859}
}
@article{fds351860,
Author = {Warneken, F and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Helping and cooperation at 14 months of age},
Journal = {Infancy},
Volume = {11},
Number = {3},
Pages = {271-294},
Year = {2007},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7078.2007.tb00227.x},
Abstract = {Two experiments investigated the proclivity of 14-month-old
infants (a) to altruistically help others toward individual
goals, and (b) to cooperate toward a shared goal. The
infants helped another person by handing over objects the
other person was unsuccessfully roaching for, but did not
help reliably in situations involving more complex goals.
When a programmed adult partner interrupted a joint
cooperative activity at specific moments, infants sometimes
tried to reengage the adult, perhaps indicating that they
understood the interdependency of actions toward a shared
goal. However, as compared to 18- and 24-month-olds, their
skills in behaviorally coordinating their actions with a
social partner remained rudimentary. Results are integrated
into a model of cooperative activities as they develop over
the 2nd year of life. Copyright © 2007, Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1532-7078.2007.tb00227.x},
Key = {fds351860}
}
@article{fds351861,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Carpenter, M},
Title = {Shared intentionality.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {10},
Number = {1},
Pages = {121-125},
Year = {2007},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00573.x},
Abstract = {We argue for the importance of processes of shared
intentionality in children's early cognitive development. We
look briefly at four important social-cognitive skills and
how they are transformed by shared intentionality. In each
case, we look first at a kind of individualistic version of
the skill -- as exemplified most clearly in the behavior of
chimpanzees -- and then at a version based on shared
intentionality -- as exemplified most clearly in the
behavior of human 1- and 2-year-olds. We thus see the
following transformations: gaze following into joint
attention, social manipulation into cooperative
communication, group activity into collaboration, and social
learning into instructed learning. We conclude by
highlighting the role that shared intentionality may play in
integrating more biologically based and more culturally
based theories of human development.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00573.x},
Key = {fds351861}
}
@article{fds351862,
Author = {Schwier, C and van Maanen, C and Carpenter, M and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Rational imitation in 12-month-old infants},
Journal = {Infancy},
Volume = {10},
Number = {3},
Pages = {303-311},
Year = {2006},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327078in1003_6},
Abstract = {Gergely, Bekkering, and Király (2002) demonstrated that
14-month-old infants engage in "rational imitation." To
investigate the development and flexibility of this skill,
we tested 12-month-olds on a different but analogous task.
Infants watched as an adult made a toy animal use a
particular action to get to an endpoint. In 1 condition
there was a barrier that prevented a more straightforward
action and so gave the actor no choice but to use the
demonstrated action. In the other condition there was no
barrier, so the actor had a free choice to use the
demonstrated action or not. Twelve-month-olds showed the
same pattern of results as in Gergely and colleagues' study:
They copied the particular action demonstrated more often
when the adult freely chose to use the action than when she
was forced to use it. Twelve-month-olds, too, thus show an
understanding of others' intentions as rational choices and
can use this understanding in cultural learning contexts.
Copyright © 2006, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,
Inc.},
Doi = {10.1207/s15327078in1003_6},
Key = {fds351862}
}
@article{fds351863,
Author = {Tennie, C and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Push or pull: Imitation vs. emulation in great apes and
human children},
Journal = {Ethology},
Volume = {112},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1159-1169},
Year = {2006},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2006.01269.x},
Abstract = {All four species of great apes and young human children
(12-24 mo of age) were administered an imitation task
designed to distinguish between results learning (emulation)
and action learning (imitation). Some subjects were exposed
to a demonstrator either pushing or pulling a door to open a
box, whereas others simply saw the door of the box opening
itself in one of the two directions (the ghost control).
Most of the apes successfully opened the box in both
experimental conditions, as well as in a baseline condition,
but without being influenced either by the demonstrator's
actions or by the door's motions. In contrast, human
children over 12 mo of age were influenced by the
demonstration: the 18-mo-olds were influenced by the
demonstrator's actions, and the 24-mo-olds were influenced
both by the demonstrator's actions and by the door's motions
in the ghost control. These results provide support for the
hypothesis that human children have a greater propensity
than great apes for focusing either on a demonstrator's
action or on the result of their action, as needed, in
social learning situations. © 2006 The Authors.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0310.2006.01269.x},
Key = {fds351863}
}
@article{fds366599,
Author = {Bräuer, J and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Are apes really inequity averse?},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {273},
Number = {1605},
Pages = {3123-3128},
Year = {2006},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.3693},
Abstract = {Brosnan et al. (Brosnan, S. F. Schiff, H. C. & de Waal, F.
B. M. 2005 Tolerance for inequity may increase with social
closeness in chimpanzees. Proc. R. Soc. B272, 253-258) found
that chimpanzees showed increased levels of rejection for
less-preferred food when competitors received better food
than themselves and postulated as an explanation inequity
aversion. In the present study, we extended these findings
by adding important control conditions, and we investigated
whether inequity aversion could also be found in the other
great ape species and whether it would be influenced by
subjects' relationship with the competitor. In the present
study, subjects showed a pattern of food rejection opposite
to the subjects of the above study by Brosnan et al. (2005).
Our apes ignored fewer food pieces and stayed longer in
front of the experimenter when a conspecific received better
food than themselves. Moreover, chimpanzees begged more
vigorously when the conspecific got favoured food. The most
plausible explanation for these results is the food
expectation hypothesis - seeing another individual receive
high-quality food creates the expectation of receiving the
same food oneself - and not inequity aversion.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2006.3693},
Key = {fds366599}
}
@article{fds351864,
Author = {Kaminski, J and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Goats' behaviour in a competitive food paradigm: Evidence
for perspective taking?},
Journal = {Behaviour},
Volume = {143},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1341-1356},
Year = {2006},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853906778987542},
Abstract = {Many mammalian species are highly social, creating
intra-group competition for such things as food and mates.
Recent research with nonhuman primates indicates that in
competitive situations individuals know what other
individuals can and cannot see, and they use this knowledge
to their advantage in various ways. In the current study, we
extended these findings to a non-primate species, the
domestic goat, using the conspecific competition paradigm
developed by Hare et al. (2000). Like chimpanzees and some
other nonhuman primates, goats live in fission-fusion
societies, form coalitions and alliances, and are known to
reconcile after fights. In the current study, a dominant and
a subordinate individual competed for food, but in some
cases the subordinate could see things that the dominant
could not. In the condition where dominants could only see
one piece of food but subordinates could see both,
subordinates' preferences depended on whether they received
aggression from the dominant animal during the experiment.
Subjects who received aggression preferred the hidden over
the visible piece of food, whereas subjects who never
received aggression significantly preferred the visible
piece. By using this strategy, goats who had not received
aggression got significantly more food than the other goats.
Such complex social interactions may be supported by
cognitive mechanisms similar to those of chimpanzees. We
discuss these results in the context of current issues in
mammalian cognition and socio-ecology. © Brill Academic
Publishers 2006.},
Doi = {10.1163/156853906778987542},
Key = {fds351864}
}
@article{fds351865,
Author = {Rakoczy, H and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Two-year-olds grasp the intentional structure of pretense
acts.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {9},
Number = {6},
Pages = {557-564},
Year = {2006},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006.00533.x},
Abstract = {Twenty-two- and 27-month-old children were tested for their
understanding of pretending as a specific intentional action
form. Pairs of superficially similar behaviors - pretending
to perform an action and trying to perform that action -
were demonstrated to children. The 27-month-olds, and to
some degree the 22-month-olds, showed in their responses
that they understood the intentional structure of both kinds
of behaviors: after pretense models, they themselves
performed appropriate inferential pretense acts, whereas
after the trying models they properly performed the action
or tried to perform it with novel means. These findings are
discussed in the light of recent debates about children's
developing understanding of pretense and theory of
mind.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006.00533.x},
Key = {fds351865}
}
@article{fds325195,
Author = {Hare, B and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Chimpanzees deceive a human competitor by
hiding.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {101},
Number = {3},
Pages = {495-514},
Year = {2006},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2005.01.011},
Abstract = {There is little experimental evidence that any non-human
species is capable of purposefully attempting to manipulate
the psychological states of others deceptively (e.g.,
manipulating what another sees). We show here that
chimpanzees, one of humans' two closest primate relatives,
sometimes attempt to actively conceal things from others.
Specifically, when competing with a human in three novel
tests, eight chimpanzees, from their first trials, chose to
approach a contested food item via a route hidden from the
human's view (sometimes using a circuitous path to do so).
These findings not only corroborate previous work showing
that chimpanzees know what others can and cannot see, but
also suggest that when competing for food chimpanzees are
skillful at manipulating, to their own advantage, whether
others can or cannot see them.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2005.01.011},
Key = {fds325195}
}
@article{fds351866,
Author = {Abbot-Smith, K and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Exemplar-learning and schematization in a usage-based
account of syntactic acquisition},
Journal = {Linguistic Review},
Volume = {23},
Number = {3},
Pages = {275-290},
Year = {2006},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/TLR.2006.011},
Abstract = {The early phases of syntactic acquisition are characterized
by many input frequency and item effects, which argue
against theories assuming innate access to classical
syntactic categories. In formulating an alternative view, we
consider both prototype and exemplar-learning models of
categorization. We argue for a 'hybrid' usage-based view in
which acquisition depends on exemplar learning and
retention, out of which permanent abstract schemas gradually
emerge and are immanent across the summed similarity of
exemplar collections. These schemas are graded in strength
depending on the number of exemplars and the degree to which
semantic similarity is reinforced by phonological, lexical,
and distributional similarity. © Walter de Gruyter
2006.},
Doi = {10.1515/TLR.2006.011},
Key = {fds351866}
}
@article{fds351867,
Author = {Moll, H and Koring, C and Carpenter, M and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Infants determine others' focus of attention by pragmatics
and exlusion},
Journal = {Journal of Cognition and Development},
Volume = {7},
Number = {3},
Pages = {411-430},
Year = {2006},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327647jcd0703_9},
Abstract = {In the studies presented here, infants' understanding of
others' attention was assessed when gaze direction cues were
not diagnostic. Fourteen-, 18- and 24-month-olds witnessed
an adult look to the side of an object and express
excitement. In 1 experimental condition this object was new
for the adult because she was not present while the child
and someone else played with it earlier. Children responded
to this as if they assumed that the adult was excited about
this new object as a whole. In the other condition the
object was one with which the infant and this adult had just
previously played for a minute. In this case children
appeared to assume that the adult could not be excited about
this object in itself. They responded either by attending to
a specific part of the object or, more frequently, by
looking around the room for another object. These results
suggest that 1-year-olds can determine what others are
attending to based on a pragmatic assessment of what is new
and what is old for them combined with a form of reasoning
by exclusion. Copyright © 2006, Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1207/s15327647jcd0703_9},
Key = {fds351867}
}
@article{fds351868,
Author = {Moll, H and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Level I perspective-taking at 24 months of
age},
Journal = {British Journal of Developmental Psychology},
Volume = {24},
Number = {3},
Pages = {603-613},
Year = {2006},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/026151005X55370},
Abstract = {The current study sought to determine the age at which
children first engage in Level I visual perspective-taking,
in which they understand that the content of what another
person sees in a situation may sometimes differ from what
they see. An adult entered the room searching for an object.
One candidate object was out in the open, whereas another
was visible for the child but behind an occluder from the
adults perspective. When asked to help the adult find the
sought-for object, 24-month-old children, but not
18-month-old children, handed him the occluded object
(whereas in a control condition they showed no preference
for the occluded toy). We argue that the performance of the
24-month-olds requires Level I visual perspective-taking
skills and that this is the youngest age at which these
skills have been demonstrated. © 2006 The British
Psychological Society.},
Doi = {10.1348/026151005X55370},
Key = {fds351868}
}
@article{fds351869,
Author = {Herrmann, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Apes' and children's understanding of cooperative and
competitive motives in a communicative situation.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {9},
Number = {5},
Pages = {518-529},
Year = {2006},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006.00519.x},
Abstract = {Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus)
(Study 1) and 18- and 24-month-old human children (Study 2)
participated in a novel communicative task. A human
experimenter (E) hid food or a toy in one of two opaque
containers before gesturing towards the reward's location in
one of two ways. In the Informing condition, she attempted
to help the subject find the hidden object by simply
pointing to the correct container. In the Prohibiting
condition, E held out her arm toward the correct container
(palm out) and told the subject firmly 'Don't take this
one.' As in previous studies, the apes were at chance in the
Informing condition. However, they were above chance in the
new Prohibiting condition. Human 18-month-olds showed this
same pattern of results, whereas 24-month-olds showed the
opposite pattern: they were better in the Informing
condition than in the Prohibiting condition. In our
interpretation, success in the Prohibiting condition
requires subjects to understand E's goal toward them and
their behavior, and then to make an inference (she would
only prohibit if there were something good in there).
Success in the Informing condition requires subjects to
understand a cooperative communicative motive - which
apparently apes and young infants find difficult.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006.00519.x},
Key = {fds351869}
}
@article{fds325194,
Author = {Melis, AP and Hare, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Engineering cooperation in chimpanzees: tolerance
constraints on cooperation},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {72},
Number = {2},
Pages = {275-286},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2006},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.09.018},
Abstract = {The cooperative abilities of captive chimpanzees, Pan
troglodytes, in experiments do not match the sophistication
that might be predicted based on their naturally occurring
cooperative behaviours. This discrepancy might partly be
because in previous experiments potential chimpanzee
cooperators were partnered without regard to their social
relationship. We investigated the ability of chimpanzee
dyads to solve a physical task cooperatively in relation to
their interindividual tolerance levels. Pairs that were most
capable of sharing food outside the test were also able to
cooperate spontaneously (by simultaneously pulling two
ropes) to obtain food. In contrast, pairs that were less
inclined to share food outside of the test were unlikely to
cooperate. Furthermore, previously successful subjects
stopped cooperating when paired with a less tolerant
partner, even when the food rewards were presented in a
dispersed and divisible form to reduce competition between
subjects. These results show that although chimpanzees are
capable of spontaneous cooperation in a novel instrumental
task, tolerance acts as a constraint on their ability to
solve such cooperative problems. This finding highlights the
importance of controlling such social constraints in future
experiments on chimpanzee cooperation, and suggests that the
evolution of human-like cooperative skills might have been
preceded by the evolution of a more egalitarian social
system and a more human-like temperament. © 2006 The
Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.09.018},
Key = {fds325194}
}
@article{fds351870,
Author = {Ambridge, B and Rowland, CF and Theakston, AL and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Comparing different accounts of inversion errors in
children's non-subject wh-questions: 'What experimental data
can tell us?'.},
Journal = {Journal of child language},
Volume = {33},
Number = {3},
Pages = {519-557},
Year = {2006},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000906007513},
Abstract = {This study investigated different accounts of children's
acquisition of non-subject wh-questions. Questions using
each of 4 wh-words (what, who, how and why), and 3
auxiliaries (BE, DO and CAN) in 3sg and 3pl form were
elicited from 28 children aged 3;6-4;6. Rates of
noninversion error (Who she is hitting?) were found not to
differ by wh-word, auxiliary or number alone, but by lexical
auxiliary subtype and by wh-word+lexical auxiliary
combination. This finding counts against simple rule-based
accounts of question acquisition that include no role for
the lexical subtype of the auxiliary, and suggests that
children may initially acquire wh-word + lexical auxiliary
combinations from the input. For DO questions,
auxiliary-doubling errors (What does she does like?) were
also observed, although previous research has found that
such errors are virtually non-existent for positive
questions. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are
discussed.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0305000906007513},
Key = {fds351870}
}
@article{fds351871,
Author = {Liszkowski, U and Carpenter, M and Striano, T and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {12- and 18-month-olds point to provide information for
others},
Journal = {Journal of Cognition and Development},
Volume = {7},
Number = {2},
Pages = {173-187},
Year = {2006},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327647jcd0702_2},
Abstract = {Classically, infants are thought to point for 2 main
reasons: (a) They point imperatively when they want an adult
to do something for them (e.g., give them something;
"Juice!"), and (b) they point declaratively when they want
an adult to share attention with them to some interesting
event or object ("Look!"). Here we demonstrate the existence
of another motive for infants' early pointing gestures: to
inform another person of the location of an object that
person is searching for. This informative motive for
pointing suggests that from very early in ontogeny humans
conceive of others as intentional agents with informational
states and they have the motivation to provide such
information communicatively. Copyright © 2006, Lawrence
Erlbaum Associates, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1207/s15327647jcd0702_2},
Key = {fds351871}
}
@article{fds366600,
Author = {Rakoczy, H and Tomasello, M and Striano, T},
Title = {The role of experience and discourse in children's
developing understanding of pretend play
actions},
Journal = {British Journal of Developmental Psychology},
Volume = {24},
Number = {2},
Pages = {305-335},
Year = {2006},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/026151005X36001},
Abstract = {The present work investigated the development of an explicit
understanding of pretend play actions. Study I revealed a
long décalage between earlier implicit understanding of
pretence as an intentional activity and a later more
explicit understanding. Study 2 was a training study. It
tested for two factors - systematic pretence experience and
explicit pretence discourse - that may be important in
development from early implicit to later explicit pretence
understanding. Two training groups of 3.5-year-old children
received the same pretence experiences involving systematic
contrasts between pretending, really performing and trying
to perform actions. In the 'explicit' group, these
experiences were talked about with explicit 'pretend to' and
'pretend that' language. In the 'implicit' group no such
discourse was used, but only implicit discourse in talking
about pretence versus real actions. The two training groups
were compared with a control group that received functional
play experience. After training, only the explicit group
showed improvement in their explicit pretence understanding.
In none of the groups was there any transfer to tasks
tapping mental state understanding, false belief (FB) and
appearance-reality, (A-R). The findings are discussed in the
context of current theories about the developmental
relations between pretence, discourse, and mental state
understanding. © 2006 The British Psychological
Society.},
Doi = {10.1348/026151005X36001},
Key = {fds366600}
}
@article{fds351873,
Author = {Melis, AP and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) conceal visual and auditory
information from others.},
Journal = {Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. :
1983)},
Volume = {120},
Number = {2},
Pages = {154-162},
Year = {2006},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.120.2.154},
Abstract = {Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) competed with a human for
food. The human sat inside a booth, with 1 piece of food to
her left and 1 to her right, which she could retract from
her chimpanzee competitor's reach as needed. In Experiment
1, chimpanzees could approach either side of the booth
unseen but then had to reach through 1 of 2 tunnels (1
clear, 1 opaque) for the food. In Experiment 2, both tunnels
were clear and the human was looking away, but 1 of the
tunnels made a loud noise when it was opened. Chimpanzees
preferentially reached through the opaque tunnel in the
first study and the silent tunnel in the second,
successfully concealing their taking of the food from the
human competitor in both cases. These results suggest that
chimpanzees can, in some circumstances, actively manipulate
the visual and auditory perception of others by concealing
information from them.},
Doi = {10.1037/0735-7036.120.2.154},
Key = {fds351873}
}
@article{fds351874,
Author = {Warneken, F and Chen, F and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Cooperative activities in young children and
chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {77},
Number = {3},
Pages = {640-663},
Year = {2006},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00895.x},
Abstract = {Human children 18-24 months of age and 3 young chimpanzees
interacted in 4 cooperative activities with a human adult
partner. The human children successfully participated in
cooperative problem-solving activities and social games,
whereas the chimpanzees were uninterested in the social
games. As an experimental manipulation, in each task the
adult partner stopped participating at a specific point
during the activity. All children produced at least one
communicative attempt to reengage him, perhaps suggesting
that they were trying to reinstate a shared goal. No
chimpanzee ever made any communicative attempt to reengage
the partner. These results are interpreted as evidence for a
uniquely human form of cooperative activity involving shared
intentionality that emerges in the second year of
life.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00895.x},
Key = {fds351874}
}
@article{fds325193,
Author = {Jensen, K and Hare, B and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {What's in it for me? Self-regard precludes altruism and
spite in chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {273},
Number = {1589},
Pages = {1013-1021},
Year = {2006},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3417},
Abstract = {Sensitivity to fairness may influence whether individuals
choose to engage in acts that are mutually beneficial,
selfish, altruistic, or spiteful. In a series of three
experiments, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) could pull a rope
to access out-of-reach food while concomitantly pulling
another piece of food further away. In the first study, they
could make a choice that solely benefited themselves
(selfishness), or both themselves and another chimpanzee
(mutualism). In the next two experiments, they could choose
between providing food solely for another chimpanzee
(altruism), or for neither while preventing the other
chimpanzee from receiving a benefit (spite). The main result
across all studies was that chimpanzees made their choices
based solely on personal gain, with no regard for the
outcomes of a conspecific. These results raise questions
about the origins of human cooperative behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2005.3417},
Key = {fds325193}
}
@article{fds351875,
Author = {Ambridge, B and Theakston, AL and Lieven, EVM and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {The distributed learning effect for children's acquisition
of an abstract syntactic construction},
Journal = {Cognitive Development},
Volume = {21},
Number = {2},
Pages = {174-193},
Year = {2006},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2005.09.003},
Abstract = {In many cognitive domains, learning is more effective when
exemplars are distributed over a number of sessions than
when they are all presented within one session. The present
study investigated this distributed learning effect with
respect to English-speaking children's acquisition of a
complex grammatical construction. Forty-eight children aged
3;6-5;10 (Experiment 1) and 72 children aged 4;0-5;0
(Experiment 2) were given 10 exposures to the construction
all in one session (massed), or on a schedule of two trials
per day for 5 days (distributed-pairs), or one trial per day
for 10 days (distributed). Children in both the
distributed-pairs and distributed conditions learnt the
construction better than children in the massed condition,
as evidenced by productive use of this construction with a
verb that had not been presented during training.
Methodological and theoretical implications of this finding
are discussed, with particular reference to single-process
accounts of language acquisition. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All
rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogdev.2005.09.003},
Key = {fds351875}
}
@article{fds351876,
Author = {Kidd, E and Lieven, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Examining the role of lexical frequency in the acquisition
and processing of sentential complements},
Journal = {Cognitive Development},
Volume = {21},
Number = {2},
Pages = {93-107},
Year = {2006},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2006.01.006},
Abstract = {We present empirical data showing that the relative
frequency with which a verb normally appears in a syntactic
construction predicts young children's ability to remember
and repeat sentences instantiating that construction.
Children aged 2;10-5;8 years were asked to repeat
grammatical and ungrammatical sentential complement
sentences (e.g., 'I think + S'). The sentences contained
complement-taking verbs (CTVs) used with differing
frequencies in children's natural speech. All children
repeated sentences containing high frequency CTVs (e.g.,
think) more accurately than those containing low frequency
CTVs (e.g., hear), and made more sophisticated corrections
to ungrammatical sentences containing high frequency CTVs.
The data suggest that, like adults, children are sensitive
to lexico-constructional collocations. The implications for
language acquisition are discussed. © 2006 Elsevier Inc.
All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogdev.2006.01.006},
Key = {fds351876}
}
@article{fds351877,
Author = {Herrmann, E and Melis, AP and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Apes' use of iconic cues in the object-choice
task.},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {9},
Number = {2},
Pages = {118-130},
Year = {2006},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-005-0013-4},
Abstract = {In previous studies great apes have shown little ability to
locate hidden food using a physical marker placed by a human
directly on the target location. In this study, we
hypothesized that the perceptual similarity between an
iconic cue and the hidden reward (baited container) would
help apes to infer the location of the food. In the first
two experiments, we found that if an iconic cue is given in
addition to a spatial/indexical cue - e.g., picture or
replica of a banana placed on the target location - apes
(chimpanzees, bonobos, orangutans, gorillas) as a group
performed above chance. However, we also found in two
further experiments that when iconic cues were given on
their own without spatial/indexical information (iconic cue
held up by human with no diagnostic spatial/indexical
information), the apes were back to chance performance. Our
overall conclusion is that although iconic information helps
apes in the process of searching hidden food, the poor
performance found in the last two experiments is due to
apes' lack of understanding of the informative (cooperative)
communicative intention of the experimenter.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-005-0013-4},
Key = {fds351877}
}
@article{fds325196,
Author = {Melis, AP and Hare, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Chimpanzees recruit the best collaborators.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {311},
Number = {5765},
Pages = {1297-1300},
Year = {2006},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1123007},
Abstract = {Humans collaborate with non-kin in special ways, but the
evolutionary foundations of these collaborative skills
remain unclear. We presented chimpanzees with collaboration
problems in which they had to decide when to recruit a
partner and which potential partner to recruit. In an
initial study, individuals recruited a collaborator only
when solving the problem required collaboration. In a second
study, individuals recruited the more effective of two
partners on the basis of their experience with each of them
on a previous day. Therefore, recognizing when collaboration
is necessary and determining who is the best collaborative
partner are skills shared by both chimpanzees and humans, so
such skills may have been present in their common ancestor
before humans evolved their own complex forms of
collaboration.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1123007},
Key = {fds325196}
}
@article{fds351878,
Author = {Warneken, F and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Altruistic helping in human infants and young
chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {311},
Number = {5765},
Pages = {1301-1303},
Year = {2006},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1121448},
Abstract = {Human beings routinely help others to achieve their goals,
even when the helper receives no immediate benefit and the
person helped is a stranger. Such altruistic behaviors
(toward non-kin) are extremely rare evolutionarily, with
some theorists even proposing that they are uniquely human.
Here we show that human children as young as 18 months of
age (prelinguistic or just-linguistic) quite readily help
others to achieve their goals in a variety of different
situations. This requires both an understanding of others'
goals and an altruistic motivation to help. In addition, we
demonstrate similar though less robust skills and
motivations in three young chimpanzees.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1121448},
Key = {fds351878}
}
@article{fds351879,
Author = {Bräuer, J and Kaminski, J and Riedel, J and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Making inferences about the location of hidden food: social
dog, causal ape.},
Journal = {Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. :
1983)},
Volume = {120},
Number = {1},
Pages = {38-47},
Year = {2006},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.120.1.38},
Abstract = {Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) and great apes from the
genus Pan were tested on a series of object choice tasks. In
each task, the location of hidden food was indicated for
subjects by some kind of communicative, behavioral, or
physical cue. On the basis of differences in the ecologies
of these 2 genera, as well as on previous research, the
authors hypothesized that dogs should be especially skillful
in using human communicative cues such as the pointing
gesture, whereas apes should be especially skillful in using
physical, causal cues such as food in a cup making noise
when it is shaken. The overall pattern of performance by the
2 genera strongly supported this social-dog, causal-ape
hypothesis. This result is discussed in terms of apes'
adaptations for complex, extractive foraging and dogs'
adaptations, during the domestication process, for
cooperative communication with humans.},
Doi = {10.1037/0735-7036.120.1.38},
Key = {fds351879}
}
@article{fds351872,
Author = {Matthews, D and Lieven, E and Theakston, A and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {The effect of perceptual availability and prior discourse on
young children's use of referring expressions},
Journal = {Applied Psycholinguistics},
Volume = {27},
Number = {3},
Pages = {403-422},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716406060334},
Abstract = {Choosing appropriate referring expressions requires
assessing whether a referent is "available" to the addressee
either perceptually or through discourse. In Study 1, we
found that 3- and 4-year-olds, but not 2-year-olds, chose
different referring expressions (noun vs. pronoun) depending
on whether their addressee could see the intended referent
or not. In Study 2, in more neutral discourse contexts than
previous studies, we found that 3- and 4-year-olds clearly
differed in their use of referring expressions according to
whether their addressee had already mentioned a referent.
Moreover, 2-year-olds responded with more naming
constructions when the referent had not been mentioned
previously. This suggests that, despite early
social-cognitive developments, (a) it takes time to master
the given/new contrast linguistically, and (b) children
understand the contrast earlier based on discourse, rather
than perceptual context. © 2006 Cambridge University
Press.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0142716406060334},
Key = {fds351872}
}
@article{fds351880,
Author = {Liebal, K and Pika, S and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Gestural communication of orangutans (pongo
pygmaeus)},
Journal = {Gesture},
Volume = {6},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-38},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/gest.6.1.02lie},
Abstract = {This study represents a systematic investigation of the
communicative repertoire of Sumatran orangutans (Pongo
pygmaeus abelii), with a focus on intentional signals in two
groups of captive orangutans. The goal was to analyze the
signal repertoire with respect to (1) the number and
frequency of signals (gestures, facial expressions, and
actions), (2) the variability of individual repertoires as a
function of group, age class, and sex, and (3) the
flexibility of use in terms of ‘means-end dissociation’
and ‘audience effects’ and to interpret the findings in
terms of the ecology, social structure and socio-cognitive
skills of orangutans. The results show that orangutans use a
remarkable number of signals including tactile and visual
gestures as well as several more complex actions, though few
facial expressions and no auditory gestures were observed.
One third of signals were used within a play context,
followed by one fourth of interactions in the context of
ingestion. Although the repertoire included several visual
gestures, most of the signals produced were tactile gestures
and they were used particularly in the contexts of
affiliation and agonism, whereas visual gestures dominated
in the context of grooming, ingestion and sexual behavior.
Individual repertoires showed a remarkable degree of
variability as a function of age and group affiliation.
Orangutans used their signals flexibly in several functional
contexts and adjusted the signal they used depending on the
attentional state of the recipient, similar to findings of
other great ape species and gibbons. Thus, the communicative
behavior of orangutans is characterized by a variable and
flexible use of signals possibly reflecting their highly
variable social structure and their sophisticated
socio-cognitive skills, with the dominance of tactile
gestures corresponding to the arboreal nature of this
species. © 2006 John Benjamins Publishing
Company.},
Doi = {10.1075/gest.6.1.02lie},
Key = {fds351880}
}
@article{fds351881,
Author = {Riedel, J and Buttelmann, D and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) use a physical marker to
locate hidden food.},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {27-35},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-005-0256-0},
Abstract = {Dogs can use the placement of an arbitrary marker to locate
hidden food in an object-choice situation. We tested
domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) in three studies aimed at
pinning down the relative contributions of the human's hand
and the marker itself. We baited one of two cups (outside of
the dogs' view) and gave the dog a communicative cue to find
the food. Study 1 systematically varied dogs' perceptual
access to the marker placing event, so that dogs saw either
the whole human, the hand only, the marker only, or nothing.
Follow-up trials investigated the effect of removing the
marker before the dog's choice. Dogs used the marker as a
communicative cue even when it had been removed prior to the
dog's choice and attached more importance to this cue than
to the hand that placed it although the presence of the hand
boosted performance when it appeared together with the
marker. Study 2 directly contrasted the importance of the
hand and the marker and revealed that the effect of the
marker diminished if it had been associated with both cups.
In contrast touching both cups with the hand had no effect
on performance. Study 3 investigated whether the means of
marker placement (intentional or accidental) had an effect
on dogs' choices. Results showed that dogs did not
differentiate intentional and accidental placing of the
marker. These results suggest that dogs use the marker as a
genuine communicative cue quite independently from the
experimenter's actions.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-005-0256-0},
Key = {fds351881}
}
@article{fds351882,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Beyond formalities: The case of language
acquisition},
Journal = {Linguistic Review},
Volume = {22},
Number = {2-4},
Pages = {183-197},
Year = {2005},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tlir.2005.22.2-4.183},
Abstract = {Generative grammar retained from American structural
linguistics the 'formal' approach, which basically effaces
the semantic and pragmatic dimensions of grammar. This
creates serious problems for an account of language
acquisition, most especially the problem of how to link
universal grammar to some particular language (the linking
problem). Parameters do not help the situation, as they
depend on a prior linking of the lexical and functional
categories of a language to universal grammar. In contrast,
usage-based accounts of language acquisition do not posit an
innate universal grammar and so have no linking problem. And
if children's cognitive and social skills are conceptualized
in the right way, there is no poverty of the stimulus in
this approach either. In general, the only fully adequate
accounts of language acquisition are those that give a
prominent role to children's comprehension of communicative
function in everything from words to grammatical morphemes
to complex syntactic constructions. © Walter de
Gruyter.},
Doi = {10.1515/tlir.2005.22.2-4.183},
Key = {fds351882}
}
@article{fds351883,
Author = {Wittek, A and Tomasello, M},
Title = {German-speaking children's productivity with syntactic
constructions and case morphology: Local cues act
locally},
Journal = {First Language},
Volume = {25},
Number = {1},
Pages = {103-125},
Year = {2005},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142723705049120},
Abstract = {It has been proposed that children acquiring case-marking
languages might be quicker to acquire certain constructions
than children acquiring word order languages, because the
cues involved in grammatical morphology are more 'local',
whereas word order is an inherently distributed cue (Slobin,
1982). In the current studies using nonce nouns and verbs,
we establish that German-speaking children are not
productive with passive and active transitive sentence-level
constructions at an earlier age than English-speaking
children; the majority of children learning both languages
are not productive until after their third birthdays. In
contrast, in the second and third studies reported here, the
majority of German-speaking children were productive with
nominative and accusative case marking inside NPs before
their third birthdays - and these are of course the very
same case markers centrally involved in passive and active
transitive constructions. We conclude from these results
that, whereas for some functions mastering local cues is all
that is required, and this is fairly simple, in other cases,
such as the case marking involved in sentence-level
syntactic constructions, the mastery of local cues is only
one part of the process of forming complex analogical
relationships among utterances. Copyright © 2005 SAGE
Publications.},
Doi = {10.1177/0142723705049120},
Key = {fds351883}
}
@article{fds351884,
Author = {Diessel, H and Tomasello, M},
Title = {A new look at the acquisition of relative
clauses},
Journal = {Language},
Volume = {81},
Number = {4},
Pages = {882-906},
Year = {2005},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2005.0169},
Abstract = {This study reconsiders the acquisition of relative clauses
based on data from two sentence-repetition tasks. Using
materials modeled on the relative constructions of
spontaneous child speech, we asked four-year-old English-
and German-speaking children to repeat six different types
of relative clauses. Although English and German relative
clauses are structurally very different, the results were
similar across studies: intransitive subject relatives
caused fewer errors than transitive subject relatives and
direct object relatives, which in turn caused fewer errors
than indirect object relatives and oblique relatives;
finally, genitive relatives caused by far the most problems.
Challenging previous analyses in which the acquisition of
relative clauses has been explained by the varying distance
between filler and gap, we propose a multifactorial analysis
in which the acquisition process is determined primarily by
the similarity between the various types of relative clauses
and their relationship to simple sentences.},
Doi = {10.1353/lan.2005.0169},
Key = {fds351884}
}
@article{fds351885,
Author = {Carpenter, M and Tomasello, M and Striano, T},
Title = {Role reversal imitation and language in typically developing
infants and children with autism},
Journal = {Infancy},
Volume = {8},
Number = {3},
Pages = {253-278},
Year = {2005},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327078in0803_4},
Abstract = {Three types of role reversal imitation were investigated in
typically developing 12-and 18-month-old infants and in
children with autism and other developmental delays. Many
typically developing infants at both ages engaged in each of
the 2 types of dyadic, body-oriented role reversal
imitation: self-self reversals, in which the adult acted on
herself and the child then acted on himself, and other-other
reversals, in which the adult acted on the child and the
child then acted back on the adult. However, 12-month-olds
had more difficulty than 18-month-olds with triadic,
object-mediated role reversals involving interactions around
objects. There was little evidence of any type of role
reversal imitation in children with autism. Positive
relations were found between role reversal imitation and
various measures of language development for 18-month-olds
and children with autism. Copyright © 2005, Lawrence
Erlbaum Associates, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1207/s15327078in0803_4},
Key = {fds351885}
}
@article{fds352506,
Author = {Riches, NG and Tomasello, M and Conti-Ramsden,
G},
Title = {Verb learning in children with SLI: frequency and spacing
effects.},
Journal = {Journal of speech, language, and hearing research :
JSLHR},
Volume = {48},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1397-1411},
Year = {2005},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2005/097)},
Abstract = {<h4>Purpose</h4>This study explored the effect of frequency
(number of presentations), and spacing (period between
presentations) on verb learning in children with specific
language impairment (SLI). Children learn words more
efficiently when presentations are frequent and
appropriately spaced, and this study investigated whether
children with SLI likewise benefit. Given that these
children demonstrate greater frequency dependence and rapid
forgetting of recently acquired words, an investigation of
frequency and spacing in this population is especially
warranted.<h4>Method</h4>Twenty-four children with SLI (mean
age 5;6 [years;months]) and 24 language-matched control
children (mean age 3;4) were taught novel verbs during play
sessions. In a repeated measures design, 4 experimental
conditions combined frequency (12 or 18 presentations) and
spacing (all presentations in 1 session, or spread over 4
days). Comprehension and production probes were administered
after the final session and 1 week later.<h4>Results</h4>Although
the children with SLI benefited significantly from frequent
and widely spaced presentations, there were no significant
effect in the control group. The language-impaired children
showed rapid forgetting.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The frequency
and spacing of presentations crucially affect the verb
learning of children with SLI. A training regimen
characterized by appropriately spaced intervals and moderate
repetition will optimally benefit lexical
learning.},
Doi = {10.1044/1092-4388(2005/097)},
Key = {fds352506}
}
@article{fds351886,
Author = {Behne, T and Carpenter, M and Tomasello, M},
Title = {One-year-olds comprehend the communicative intentions behind
gestures in a hiding game.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {8},
Number = {6},
Pages = {492-499},
Year = {2005},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2005.00440.x},
Abstract = {This study explored infants' ability to infer communicative
intent as expressed in non-linguistic gestures. Sixty
children aged 14, 18 and 24 months participated. In the
context of a hiding game, an adult indicated for the child
the location of a hidden toy by giving a communicative cue:
either pointing or ostensive gazing toward the container
containing the toy. To succeed in this task children had to
do more than just follow the point or gaze to the target
container. They also had to infer that the adult's behaviour
was relevant to the situation at hand - she wanted to inform
them that the toy was inside the container toward which she
gestured. Children at all three ages successfully used both
types of cues. We conclude that infants as young as 14
months of age can, in some situations, interpret an adult
behaviour as a relevant communicative act done for
them.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2005.00440.x},
Key = {fds351886}
}
@article{fds351887,
Author = {Wittek, A and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children's sensitivity to listener knowledge and
perceptual context in choosing referring
expressions},
Journal = {Applied Psycholinguistics},
Volume = {26},
Number = {4},
Pages = {541-558},
Year = {2005},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0142716405050290},
Abstract = {Speakers use different types of referring expressions
depending on what the listener knows or is attending to; for
example, they use pronouns for objects that are already
present in the immediate discourse or perceptual context. In
a first study we found that 2.5- and 3.5-year-old children
are strongly influenced by their interlocutor's knowledge of
a referent as expressed in her immediately preceding
utterance. Specifically, when they are asked a question
about a target object ("Where is the broom?"), they tend to
use null references or pronouns to refer to that object ("On
the shelf" or "It's on the shelf"); in contrast, when they
are asked more general questions ("What do we need?") or
contrast questions ("Do we need a mop?") that reveal no
knowledge of the target object they tend to use lexical
nouns ("A broom" or "No, a broom"). In a second study we
found that children at around their second birthday are not
influenced by immediately preceding utterances in this same
way. Finally, in a third study we found that 2.5- and
3.5-year-old children's choice of referring expressions is
very little influenced by the physical arrangements of
objects in the perceptual context, whether it is absent or
needs to be distinguished from a close-by alternative, when
they request a target object from a silent adult. These
results are discussed in terms of children's emerging
understanding of the knowledge and attentional states and
other persons. © 2005 Cambridge University
Press.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0142716405050290},
Key = {fds351887}
}
@article{fds351888,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Carpenter, M and Call, J and Behne, T and Moll,
H},
Title = {In search of the uniquely human},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
Volume = {28},
Number = {5},
Pages = {721-727},
Year = {2005},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X05540123},
Abstract = {As Bruner so eloquently points out, and Gauvain echoes,
human beings are unique in their "locality." Individual
groups of humans develop their own unique ways of
symbolizing and doing things - and these can be very
different from the ways of other groups, even those living
quite nearby. Our attempt in the target article was to
propose a theory of the social-cognitive and
social-motivational bases of humans' ability and propensity
to live in this local, that is, this cultural, way - which
no other species does - focusing on such things as the
ability to collaborate and to create shared material and
symbolic artifacts. © 2005 Cambridge University
Press.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0140525X05540123},
Key = {fds351888}
}
@article{fds351889,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Carpenter, M and Call, J and Behne, T and Moll,
H},
Title = {Understanding and sharing intentions: the origins of
cultural cognition.},
Journal = {The Behavioral and brain sciences},
Volume = {28},
Number = {5},
Pages = {675-691},
Year = {2005},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x05000129},
Abstract = {We propose that the crucial difference between human
cognition and that of other species is the ability to
participate with others in collaborative activities with
shared goals and intentions: shared intentionality.
Participation in such activities requires not only
especially powerful forms of intention reading and cultural
learning, but also a unique motivation to share
psychological states with others and unique forms of
cognitive representation for doing so. The result of
participating in these activities is species-unique forms of
cultural cognition and evolution, enabling everything from
the creation and use of linguistic symbols to the
construction of social norms and individual beliefs to the
establishment of social institutions. In support of this
proposal we argue and present evidence that great apes (and
some children with autism) understand the basics of
intentional action, but they still do not participate in
activities involving joint intentions and attention (shared
intentionality). Human children's skills of shared
intentionality develop gradually during the first 14 months
of life as two ontogenetic pathways intertwine: (1) the
general ape line of understanding others as animate,
goal-directed, and intentional agents; and (2) a
species-unique motivation to share emotions, experience, and
activities with other persons. The developmental outcome is
children's ability to construct dialogic cognitive
representations, which enable them to participate in earnest
in the collectivity that is human cognition.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0140525x05000129},
Key = {fds351889}
}
@article{fds325197,
Author = {Hare, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Human-like social skills in dogs?},
Journal = {Trends in cognitive sciences},
Volume = {9},
Number = {9},
Pages = {439-444},
Year = {2005},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2005.07.003},
Abstract = {Domestic dogs are unusually skilled at reading human social
and communicative behavior--even more so than our nearest
primate relatives. For example, they use human social and
communicative behavior (e.g. a pointing gesture) to find
hidden food, and they know what the human can and cannot see
in various situations. Recent comparisons between canid
species suggest that these unusual social skills have a
heritable component and initially evolved during
domestication as a result of selection on systems mediating
fear and aggression towards humans. Differences in
chimpanzee and human temperament suggest that a similar
process may have been an important catalyst leading to the
evolution of unusual social skills in our own species. The
study of convergent evolution provides an exciting
opportunity to gain further insights into the evolutionary
processes leading to human-like forms of cooperation and
communication.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2005.07.003},
Key = {fds325197}
}
@article{fds351890,
Author = {Call, J and Carpenter, M and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Copying results and copying actions in the process of social
learning: chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and human children
(Homo sapiens).},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {8},
Number = {3},
Pages = {151-163},
Year = {2005},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-004-0237-8},
Abstract = {There is currently much debate about the nature of social
learning in chimpanzees. The main question is whether they
can copy others' actions, as opposed to reproducing the
environmental effects of these actions using their own
preexisting behavioral strategies. In the current study,
chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and human children (Homo
sapiens) were shown different demonstrations of how to open
a tube-in both cases by a conspecific. In different
experimental conditions, demonstrations consisted of (1)
action only (the actions necessary to open the tube without
actually opening it); (2) end state only (the open tube,
without showing any actions); (3) both of these components
(in a full demonstration); or (4) neither of these
components (in a baseline condition). In the first three
conditions subjects saw one of two different ways that the
tube could open (break in middle; caps off ends). Subjects'
behavior in each condition was assessed for how often they
opened the tube, how often they opened it in the same
location as the demonstrator, and how often they copied the
demonstrator's actions or style of opening the tube. Whereas
chimpanzees reproduced mainly the environmental results of
the demonstrations (emulation), human children often
reproduced the demonstrator's actions (imitation). Because
the procedure used was similar in many ways to the procedure
that Meltzoff (Dev Psych 31:1, 1995) used to study the
understanding of others' unfulfilled intentions, the
implications of these findings with regard to chimpanzees'
understanding of others' intentions are also
discussed.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-004-0237-8},
Key = {fds351890}
}
@article{fds351891,
Author = {Kemp, N and Lieven, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children's knowledge of the "determiner" and
"adjective" categories.},
Journal = {Journal of speech, language, and hearing research :
JSLHR},
Volume = {48},
Number = {3},
Pages = {592-609},
Year = {2005},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2005/041)},
Abstract = {Children's understanding of the grammatical categories of
"determiner" and "adjective" was examined using 2 different
methodologies. In Experiment 1, children heard novel nouns
combined with either a or the. Few 2-year-olds, but nearly
all 3- and 4-year-olds, subsequently produced the novel
nouns with a different determiner from the modeled
combination. Experiment 2 used a priming methodology.
Children age 2, 3, 4, and 6 years repeated descriptions of
pictures, before describing target pictures themselves. When
the primes consisted of a varied determiner + noun, all age
groups produced more determiner + noun descriptions. When
the primes consisted of a determiner + adjective + noun,
2-year-olds showed no priming. Three- to 6-year-olds showed
item-specific priming, but only 6-year-olds (and to a
limited extent 4-year-olds) showed both item-specific and
structural priming. These results suggest that children
build an understanding of determiners and adjectives
gradually, perhaps from individual lexical items, over a
number of years, and that pragmatic correctness may be
attained particularly late.},
Doi = {10.1044/1092-4388(2005/041)},
Key = {fds351891}
}
@article{fds351892,
Author = {Bräuer, J and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {All great ape species follow gaze to distant locations and
around barriers.},
Journal = {Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. :
1983)},
Volume = {119},
Number = {2},
Pages = {145-154},
Year = {2005},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.119.2.145},
Abstract = {Following the gaze direction of conspecifics is an adaptive
skill that enables individuals to obtain useful information
about the location of food, predators, and group mates. In
the current study, the authors compared the gaze-following
skills of all 4 great ape species. In the 1st experiment, a
human either looked to the ceiling or looked straight ahead.
Individuals from all species reliably followed the human's
gaze direction and sometimes even checked back when they
found no target. In a 2nd experiment, the human looked
behind some kind of barrier. Results showed that individuals
from all species reliably put themselves in places from
which they could see what the experimenter was looking at
behind the barrier. These results support the hypothesis
that great apes do not just orient to a target that another
is oriented to, but they actually attempt to take the visual
perspective of the other.},
Doi = {10.1037/0735-7036.119.2.145},
Key = {fds351892}
}
@article{fds351893,
Author = {Behne, T and Carpenter, M and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Unwilling versus unable: infants' understanding of
intentional action.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {41},
Number = {2},
Pages = {328-337},
Year = {2005},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.41.2.328},
Abstract = {Infants experienced a female adult handling them toys.
Sometimes, however, the transaction failed, either because
the adult was in various ways unwilling to give the toy
(e.g., she teased the child with it or played with it
herself) or else because she was unable to give it (e.g.,
she accidentally dropped it). Infants at 9, 12, and 18
months of age reacted with more impatience (e.g., reaching,
looking away) when the adult was unwilling to give them the
toy than when she was simply unable to give it.
Six-month-olds, in contrast, showed no evidence of this
differentiation. Because infants' behavioral responses were
appropriately adapted to different kinds of intentional
actions, and because the adult's actions sometimes produced
results that did not match her goal (when having accidents
or failed attempts), these findings provide especially rich
evidence that infants first begin to understand
goal-directed action at around 9 months of
age.},
Doi = {10.1037/0012-1649.41.2.328},
Key = {fds351893}
}
@article{fds351894,
Author = {Kaminski, J and Riedel, J and Call, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Domestic goats, Capra hircus, follow gaze direction and use
social cues in an object choice task},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {69},
Number = {1},
Pages = {11-18},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.05.008},
Abstract = {Gaze following is a basic social cognitive skill with many
potential benefits for animals that live in social groups.
At least five primate species are known to follow the gaze
of conspecifics, but there have been no studies on gaze
following in other mammals. We investigated whether domestic
goats can use the gaze direction of a conspecific as a cue
to find food. They were able to do this, at a level
comparable to that of primates. In a second experiment, we
tested goats' ability to use gaze and other communicative
cues given by a human in a so-called object choice
situation. An experimenter hid food out of sight of the
subject under one of two cups. After baiting the cup the
experimenter indicated the location of the food to the
subject by using different cues. The goats used
communicative cues (touching and pointing) but not gaze by
itself. Since domestic dogs are very skilled in this task,
whereas wolves are not, one hypothesis is that the use of
communicative cues in the object choice task is a
side-effect of domestication. © 2004 The Association for
the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.05.008},
Key = {fds351894}
}
@article{fds351895,
Author = {Matthews, D and Lieven, E and Theakston, A and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {The role of frequency in the acquisition of English word
order},
Journal = {Cognitive Development},
Volume = {20},
Number = {1},
Pages = {121-136},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2004.08.001},
Abstract = {Akhtar [Akhtar, N. (1999). Acquiring basic word order:
Evidence for data-driven learning of syntactic structure.
Journal of Child Language, 26, 339-356] taught children
novel verbs in ungrammatical word orders. Her results
suggested that the acquisition of canonical word order is a
gradual, data-driven process. The current study adapted this
methodology, using English verbs of different frequencies,
to test whether children's use of word order as a
grammatical marker depends upon the frequency of the lexical
items being ordered. Ninety-six children in two age groups
(2;9 and 3;9) heard either high frequency, medium frequency
or low frequency verbs that were modeled in SOV order.
Children aged 2;9 who heard low frequency verbs were
significantly more likely to adopt the weird word order than
those who heard higher frequency verbs. Children aged 3;9
preferred to use SVO order regardless of verb frequency.
Furthermore, the younger children reverted to English word
order using more arguments as verb frequency increased and
used more pronouns than their older counterparts. This
suggests that the ability to use English word order develops
from lexically specific schemas formed around frequent,
distributionally regular items (e.g. verbs, pronouns) into
more abstract, productive schemas as experience of the
language is accrued. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogdev.2004.08.001},
Key = {fds351895}
}
@article{fds351896,
Author = {Pika, S and Liebal, K and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The gestural communication of apes},
Journal = {Gesture},
Volume = {5},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {41-56},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/gest.5.1-2.05pik},
Abstract = {Gestural communication of nonhuman primates may allow
insight into the evolutionary scenario of human
communication given the flexible use and learning of
gestures as opposed to vocalizations. This paper provides an
overview of the work on the gestural communication of apes
with the focus on their repertoire, learning mechanisms, and
the flexibility of gesture use during interactions with
conspecifics. Although there is a variation between the
species in the types and numbers of gestures performed, the
influence of ecology, social structure and cognitive skills
on their gestural repertoires is relatively restricted. As
opposed to humans, apes do not use their gestures
referentially nor do their gestures show the symbolic or
conventionalized features of human gestural communication.
However, since the gestural repertoires of apes are
characterized by a high degree of individual variability and
flexibility of use as opposed to their vocalizations it
seems plausible that the gestures were the modality within
which symbolic communication first evolved.},
Doi = {10.1075/gest.5.1-2.05pik},
Key = {fds351896}
}
@article{fds351897,
Author = {Diessel, H and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Particle placement in early child language: A multifactorial
analysis},
Journal = {Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory},
Volume = {1},
Number = {1},
Pages = {89-112},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cllt.2005.1.1.89},
Abstract = {Recent studies of the English verb particle construction
have shown that particle placement varies with a variety of
linguistic features, which seem to influence the speaker's
choice of a particular position. The current study
investigates whether children's use of the particle varies
with the same features as in adult language. Using corpus
data from two English-speaking children, we conducted a
multifactorial analysis of six linguistic variables that are
correlated with particle placement in adult language. Our
analysis reveals significant associations between the
position of the particle and two of the six variables, the
NP type of the direct object and the meaning of the
particle, suggesting that children as young as two years of
age process at least some of the features that motivate
particle placement in adult speakers. © Walter de
Gruyter.},
Doi = {10.1515/cllt.2005.1.1.89},
Key = {fds351897}
}
@article{fds351898,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Carpenter, M},
Title = {The emergence of social cognition in three young
chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Monographs of the Society for Research in Child
Development},
Volume = {70},
Number = {1},
Pages = {vii-132},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5834.2005.00324.x},
Abstract = {We report a series of 10 studies on the social-cognitive
abilities of three young chimpanzees. The studies were all
ones previously conducted with human infants. The
chimpanzees were 1-5 years of age, had been raised mostly by
humans, and were tested mostly directly by a familiar human
experimenter. First, in a longitudinal investigation with
repeated measurements from a social-cognitive test battery,
the three young chimpanzees were similar in many ways to
human infants; the major difference was a total lack of
attempts to share attention with others either in joint
attentional interactions or through declarative gestures.
Second, in imitation-based tests of the understanding of
intentional action, the chimpanzees, like human infants,
showed an understanding of failed attempts and accidents;
but they did not pay attention to the behavioral style of
the actor or the actor's reasons for choosing a particular
behavioral means. Third, in tests of their understanding of
visual perception, the chimpanzees followed the gaze
direction of a human to an out-of-sight location behind a
barrier and gestured more to a human who could see them than
to one who could not; but they showed no understanding that
perceivers can focus their attention on one thing, or one
aspect of a thing, within their perceptual fields for a
reason. Finally, in tests of joint intentions and joint
attention, the chimpanzees showed no ability to either
reverse roles with a partner in a collaborative interaction
or to set up a joint attentional framework for understanding
the communicative intentions behind a pointing gesture.
Taken together, these findings support the idea that the
early ontogeny of human social cognition comprises two
distinct trajectories, each with its own evolutionary
history: one for understanding the basics of goal-directed
action and perception, common to all apes, and another for
sharing psychological states with others in collaborative
acts involving joint intentions and attention, unique to the
human species.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5834.2005.00324.x},
Key = {fds351898}
}
@article{fds351899,
Author = {Carpenter, M and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Twelve- and 18-month-olds copy actions in terms of
goals.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Pages = {F13-F20},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00385.x},
Abstract = {In the context of an imitation game, 12- and 18-month-old
infants saw an adult do such things as make a toy mouse hop
across a mat (with sound effects). In one condition (House),
the adult ended by placing the mouse in a toy house, whereas
in another condition (No House) there was no house present
at the final location. Infants at both ages usually simply
put the mouse in the house (ignoring the hopping motion and
sound effects) in the House condition, presumably because
they interpreted the adult's action in terms of this final
goal and so ignored the behavioral means. In contrast,
infants copied the adult's action (both the hopping motion
and the sound effects) when no house was present, presumably
because here infants saw the action itself as the adult's
only goal. From very early, infants' social learning is
flexible: infants focus on and copy either the end or the
means of an adult action as required by the
context.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00385.x},
Key = {fds351899}
}
@article{fds351900,
Author = {Rakoczy, H and Tomasello, M and Striano, T},
Title = {On tools and toys: how children learn to act on and pretend
with 'virgin objects'.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Pages = {57-73},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2005.00393.x},
Abstract = {The focus of the present study was the role of cultural
learning in infants' acquisition of pretense actions with
objects. In three studies, 18- and 24-month-olds (n = 64)
were presented with novel objects, and either pretense or
instrumental actions were demonstrated with these. When
children were then allowed to act upon the objects
themselves, qualitatively similar patterns of cultural
(imitative) learning both of pretend and of instrumental
actions were observed, suggesting that both types of actions
can be acquired in similar ways through processes of
cultural learning involving one or another form of
collective intentionality. However, both absolute imitation
rates and creativity were lower in pretense compared to
instrumental actions, suggesting that the collective
intentionality that constitutes pretense is especially
difficult for children to comprehend. An additional analysis
of children's gazes to the experimenter during their actions
revealed that 24-month-olds looked more often to the
experimenter during pretense actions than during
instrumental actions - suggesting that pretense is
culturally learned in a similar fashion as practical
actions, but that young children understand pretense as a
more inherently social, intersubjective activity.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2005.00393.x},
Key = {fds351900}
}
@article{fds351901,
Author = {Pika, S and Liebal, K and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Gestural communication in subadult bonobos (Pan paniscus):
repertoire and use.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {65},
Number = {1},
Pages = {39-61},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20096},
Abstract = {This article aims to provide an inventory of the
communicative gestures used by bonobos (Pan paniscus), based
on observations of subadult bonobos and descriptions of
gestural signals and similar behaviors in wild and captive
bonobo groups. In addition, we focus on the underlying
processes of social cognition, including learning mechanisms
and flexibility of gesture use (such as adjustment to the
attentional state of the recipient). The subjects were seven
bonobos, aged 1-8 years, living in two different groups in
captivity. Twenty distinct gestures (one auditory, eight
tactile, and 11 visual) were recorded. We found individual
differences and similar degrees of concordance of the
gestural repertoires between and within groups, which
provide evidence that ontogenetic ritualization is the main
learning process involved. There is suggestive evidence,
however, that some form of social learning may be
responsible for the acquisition of special gestures.
Overall, the present study establishes that the gestural
repertoire of bonobos can be characterized as flexible and
adapted to various communicative circumstances, including
the attentional state of the recipient. Differences from and
similarities to the other African ape species are
discussed.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.20096},
Key = {fds351901}
}
@article{fds351902,
Author = {Namy, LL and Campbell, AL and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The changing role of iconicity in non-verbal symbol
learning: A U-shaped trajectory in the acquisition of
arbitrary gestures},
Journal = {Journal of Cognition and Development},
Volume = {5},
Number = {1},
Pages = {37-57},
Year = {2004},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327647jcd0501_3},
Abstract = {This article reports 2 experiments examining the changing
role of iconicity in symbol learning and its implications
regarding the mechanisms supporting symbol-to-referent
mapping. Experiment 1 compared 18- and 26-month-olds'
mapping of iconic gestures (e.g., hopping gesture for a
rabbit) vs. arbitrary gestures (e.g., dropping motion for a
rabbit). Experiment 2 replicated this comparison with
4-year-olds. All ages successfully mapped iconic gestures.
Eighteen-month-olds and 4-year-olds but not 26-month-olds
mapped arbitrary gestures, revealing a U-shaped
developmental function. These findings imply that (a) there
is no advantage for iconicity in early symbol learning and
(b) the range of symbols mapped becomes more restricted at
26 months, re-emerging more flexibly during the preschool
years. We argue that the decline in arbitrary gesture
learning is a function of developing appreciation of
communicative conventions. We propose that the re-emergence
of arbitrary gestures at 4 years is driven by a wider range
of symbolic experiences, and enhanced sensitivity to others'
communicative intent. Copyright © 2004, Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1207/s15327647jcd0501_3},
Key = {fds351902}
}
@article{fds351903,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Two hypotheses about primate cognition},
Journal = {Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Philosophie},
Volume = {52},
Number = {4},
Pages = {585-601},
Year = {2004},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds351903}
}
@article{fds351904,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {What kind of evidence could refute the UG hypothesis?:
Commentary on Wunderlich},
Journal = {Studies in Language},
Volume = {28},
Number = {3},
Pages = {642-645},
Year = {2004},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.28.3.13tom},
Doi = {10.1075/sl.28.3.13tom},
Key = {fds351904}
}
@article{fds351905,
Author = {Liebal, K and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Use of gesture sequences in chimpanzees.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {64},
Number = {4},
Pages = {377-396},
Year = {2004},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20087},
Abstract = {Gestural communication in a group of 19 captive chimpanzees
(Pan troglodytes) was observed, with particular attention
paid to gesture sequences (combinations). A complete
inventory of gesture sequences is reported. The majority of
these sequences were repetitions of the same gestures, which
were often tactile gestures and often occurred in play
contexts. Other sequences combined gestures within a
modality (visual, auditory, or tactile) or across
modalities. The emergence of gesture sequences was ascribed
to a recipient's lack of responsiveness rather than a
premeditated combination of gestures to increase the
efficiency of particular gestures. In terms of audience
effects, the chimpanzees were sensitive to the attentional
state of the recipient, and therefore used visually-based
gestures mostly when others were already attending, as
opposed to tactile gestures, which were used regardless of
whether the recipient was attending or not. However, the
chimpanzees did not use gesture sequences in which the first
gesture served to attract the recipient's visual attention
before they produced a second gesture that was
visually-based. Instead, they used other strategies, such as
locomoting in front of the recipient, before they produced a
visually-based gesture.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.20087},
Key = {fds351905}
}
@article{fds351906,
Author = {Maslen, RJC and Theakston, AL and Lieven, EVM and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {A dense corpus study of past tense and plural
overregularization in English.},
Journal = {Journal of speech, language, and hearing research :
JSLHR},
Volume = {47},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1319-1333},
Year = {2004},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2004/099)},
Abstract = {In the "blocking-and-retrieval-failure" account of
overregularization (OR; G. F. Marcus, 1995; G. F. Marcus et
al., 1992), the claim that a symbolic rule generates regular
inflection is founded on pervasively low past tense OR rates
and the lack of a substantive difference between past tense
and plural OR rates. Evidence of extended periods of OR in
the face of substantial correct input (M. Maratsos, 2000)
and of an initial period in which nouns are more likely to
be overregularized than verbs (V. A. Marchman, K. Plunkett,
& J. Goodman, 1997) casts doubt on the blocking account and
suggests instead an interplay between type and token
frequency effects that is more consistent with usage-based
approaches (e.g., J. Bybee, 1995; K. Köpcke, 1998; K.
Plunkett & V. Marchman, 1993). However, previous
naturalistic studies have been limited by data that account
for only 1-2% of child speech. The current study reports
analyses of verb and noun ORs in a dense naturalistic corpus
(1 child, 2;00.12-3;11.06 [years;months.days]) that captures
8-10% of child speech and input. The data show (a) a marked
difference in verb and noun OR rates; (b) evidence of a
relationship between relative regular/irregular type
frequencies and the onset and rate of past tense and plural
ORs; (c) substantial OR periods for some verbs and nouns
despite hundreds of correct tokens in child speech and
input; and (d) a strong negative correlation between input
token frequencies and OR rates for verbs and nouns. The
implications of these findings for blocking and other
accounts of OR are discussed.},
Doi = {10.1044/1092-4388(2004/099)},
Key = {fds351906}
}
@article{fds351907,
Author = {Bräuer, J and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Visual perspective taking in dogs (Canis familiaris) in the
presence of barriers},
Journal = {Applied Animal Behaviour Science},
Volume = {88},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {299-317},
Year = {2004},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2004.03.004},
Abstract = {Previous studies have shown that dogs have developed a
special sensitivity to the communicative signals and
attentional states of humans. The aim of the current study
was to further investigate what dogs know about the visual
perception of humans and themselves. In the first two
experiments we investigated whether dogs were sensitive to
the properties of barriers as blocking the visual access of
humans. We presented dogs with a situation in which a human
forbade them to take a piece of food, but the type and
orientation of the barrier allowed the dog to take the food
undetected in some conditions. Dogs differentiated between
effective and ineffective barriers, based on their
orientation or the particular features of the barriers such
as size or the presence of window. In the third study we
investigated whether dogs know about what they themselves
have seen. We presented subjects with two boxes and placed
food in one of them. In the Seen condition the location of
the food was shown to the dogs while in the Unseen condition
dogs were prevented from seeing the destination of the food.
Before selecting one of the boxes by pressing a lever, dogs
had the opportunity to seek extra information regarding the
contents of the boxes, which would be particularly useful in
the condition in which they had not seen where the food was
hidden. Dogs rarely used the opportunity to seek information
about the contents of the box before making their choice in
any condition. Therefore, we found no evidence suggesting
that dogs have access to what they themselves have seen,
which contrasts with the positive evidence about visual
perspective taking in others from the first two experiments
and previous studies. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.applanim.2004.03.004},
Key = {fds351907}
}
@article{fds351908,
Author = {Kaminski, J and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Body orientation and face orientation: two factors
controlling apes' behavior from humans.},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {7},
Number = {4},
Pages = {216-223},
Year = {2004},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-004-0214-2},
Abstract = {A number of animal species have evolved the cognitive
ability to detect when they are being watched by other
individuals. Precisely what kind of information they use to
make this determination is unknown. There is particular
controversy in the case of the great apes because different
studies report conflicting results. In experiment 1, we
presented chimpanzees, orangutans, and bonobos with a
situation in which they had to request food from a human
observer who was in one of various attentional states. She
either stared at the ape, faced the ape with her eyes
closed, sat with her back towards the ape, or left the room.
In experiment 2, we systematically crossed the observer's
body and face orientation so that the observer could have
her body and/or face oriented either towards or away from
the subject. Results indicated that apes produced more
behaviors when they were being watched. They did this not
only on the basis of whether they could see the experimenter
as a whole, but they were sensitive to her body and face
orientation separately. These results suggest that body and
face orientation encode two different types of information.
Whereas face orientation encodes the observer's perceptual
access, body orientation encodes the observer's disposition
to transfer food. In contrast to the results on body and
face orientation, only two of the tested subjects responded
to the state of the observer's eyes.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-004-0214-2},
Key = {fds351908}
}
@article{fds351909,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Call, J},
Title = {The role of humans in the cognitive development of apes
revisited.},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {7},
Number = {4},
Pages = {213-215},
Year = {2004},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-004-0227-x},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-004-0227-x},
Key = {fds351909}
}
@article{fds325198,
Author = {Call, J and Hare, B and Carpenter, M and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {'Unwilling' versus 'unable': chimpanzees' understanding of
human intentional action.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {7},
Number = {4},
Pages = {488-498},
Year = {2004},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00368.x},
Abstract = {Understanding the intentional actions of others is a
fundamental part of human social cognition and behavior. An
important question is therefore whether other animal
species, especially our nearest relatives the chimpanzees,
also understand the intentional actions of others. Here we
show that chimpanzees spontaneously (without training)
behave differently depending on whether a human is unwilling
or unable to give them food Chimpanzees produced more
behaviors and left the testing station earlier with an
unwilling compared to an unable (but willing) experimenter
These data together with other recent studies on
chimpanzees' knowledge about others' visual perception show
that chimpanzees know more about the intentional actions and
perceptions of others than previously demonstrated},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00368.x},
Key = {fds325198}
}
@article{fds325199,
Author = {Hare, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Chimpanzees are more skilful in competitive than in
cooperative cognitive tasks},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {68},
Number = {3},
Pages = {571-581},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2004},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.11.011},
Abstract = {In a series of four experiments, chimpanzees, Pan
troglodytes, were given two cognitive tasks, an object
choice task and a discrimination task (based on location),
each in the context of either cooperation or competition. In
both tasks chimpanzees performed more skilfully when
competing than when cooperating, with some evidence that
competition with conspecifics was especially facilitatory in
the discrimination location task. This is the first study to
demonstrate a facilitative cognitive effect for competition
in a single experimental paradigm. We suggest that
chimpanzee cognitive evolution is best understood in its
socioecological context. © 2004 The Association for the
Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All
rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.11.011},
Key = {fds325199}
}
@article{fds351910,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Syntax or semantics? Response to Lidz et
al.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {93},
Number = {2},
Pages = {139-140},
Year = {2004},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2003.09.015},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2003.09.015},
Key = {fds351910}
}
@book{fds351911,
Author = {Slobin, DI and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Introduction},
Pages = {xv-xxiv},
Year = {2004},
Month = {August},
ISBN = {9781410611192},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781410611192},
Doi = {10.4324/9781410611192},
Key = {fds351911}
}
@article{fds351912,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {The pragmatics of primate communication},
Journal = {Psychologie Francaise},
Volume = {49},
Number = {2},
Pages = {209-218},
Year = {2004},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psfr.2003.11.006},
Abstract = {Pragmatics is about how individuals use their inventory of
semiotic devices, the strategic choices they make, in
particular acts of communication. An interesting question is
the degree to which other animal species, especially our
nearest primate relatives, employ pragmatic strategies in
their vocal and gestural communication. Based on a review of
the evidence, it is concluded in this essay that primate
communication displays almost none of the pragmatic
dimensions that characterize human linguistic communication.
The most fundamental reason is that nonhuman animal
communication does not really take place on the mental or
intersubjective plane at all. It is directed at the behavior
and emotional states of others, not at their attentional or
mental states. © 2004 Publié par Elsvier SAS pour
Société française de psychologie.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.psfr.2003.11.006},
Key = {fds351912}
}
@article{fds351913,
Author = {Liszkowski, U and Carpenter, M and Henning, A and Striano, T and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Twelve-month-olds point to share attention and
interest.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {7},
Number = {3},
Pages = {297-307},
Year = {2004},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00349.x},
Abstract = {Infants point for various motives. Classically, one such
motive is declarative, to share attention and interest with
adults to events. Recently, some researchers have questioned
whether infants have this motivation. In the current study,
an adult reacted to 12-month-olds' pointing in different
ways, and infants' responses were observed. Results showed
that when the adult shared attention and interest (i.e
alternated gaze and emoted), infants pointed more frequently
across trials and tended to prolong each point--presumably
to prolong the satisfying interaction. However, when the
adult emoted to the infant alone or looked only to the
event, infants pointed less across trials and repeated
points more within trials--presumably in an attempt to
establish joint attention. Results suggest that
12-month-olds point declaratively and understand that others
have psychological states that can be directed and
shared.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00349.x},
Key = {fds351913}
}
@article{fds351914,
Author = {Rakoczy, H and Tomasello, M and Striano, T},
Title = {Young children know that trying is not pretending: a test of
the "behaving-as-if" construal of children's early concept
of pretense.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {40},
Number = {3},
Pages = {388-399},
Year = {2004},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.40.3.388},
Abstract = {In 3 studies, young children were tested for their
understanding of pretend actions. In Studies 1 and 2, pairs
of superficially similar behaviors were presented to 26- and
36-month-old children in an imitation game. In one case the
behavior was marked as trying (signs of effort), and in the
other case as pretending (signs of playfulness).
Three-year-olds, and to some degree 2-year-olds, performed
the real action themselves (or tried to really perform it)
after the trying model, whereas after the pretense model,
they only pretended. Study 3 ruled out a simple mimicking
explanation by showing that children not only imitated
differentially but responded differentially with appropriate
productive pretending to pretense models and with
appropriate productive tool use to trying models. The
findings of the 3 studies demonstrate that by 2 to 3 years
of age, children have a concept of pretense as a specific
type of intentional activity.},
Doi = {10.1037/0012-1649.40.3.388},
Key = {fds351914}
}
@article{fds351915,
Author = {Abbot-Smith, K and Lieven, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Training 2;6-year-olds to produce the transitive
construction: the role of frequency, semantic similarity and
shared syntactic distribution.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {7},
Number = {1},
Pages = {48-55},
Year = {2004},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00322.x},
Abstract = {Childers and Tomasello (2001) found that training 2
1/2-year-olds on the English transitive construction greatly
improves their performance on a post-test in which they must
use novel verbs in that construction. In the current study,
we replicated Childers and Tomasello's finding, but using a
much lower frequency of transitive verbs and models in
training. We also used novel verbs that were of a different
semantic class to our training verbs, demonstrating that
semantic homogeneity is not crucial for generalization. We
also replicated the finding that 4-year-olds are
significantly more productive than 2 1/2-year-olds with the
transitive construction, with the new finding that this is
also true for verbs of emission. In addition, 'shared
syntactic distribution' of novel verb and training verbs was
found to have no observable effect on the number of 2
1/2-year-olds who were productive in the
post-test.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00322.x},
Key = {fds351915}
}
@article{fds351916,
Author = {Moll, H and Tomasello, M},
Title = {12- and 18-month-old infants follow gaze to spaces behind
barriers.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {7},
Number = {1},
Pages = {F1-F9},
Year = {2004},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00315.x},
Abstract = {Infants follow the gaze direction of others from the middle
of the first year of life. In attempting to determine how
infants understand the looking behavior of adults, a number
of recent studies have blocked the adult's line of sight in
some way (e.g. with a blindfold or with a barrier). In
contrast, in the current studies an adult looked behind a
barrier which blocked the child's line of sight. Using two
different control conditions and several different barrier
types, 12- and 18-month-old infants locomoted a short
distance in order to gain the proper viewing angle to follow
an experimenter's gaze to locations behind barriers. These
results demonstrate that, contra Butterworth, even
12-month-old infants can follow gaze to locations outside of
their current field of view. They also add to growing
evidence that 12-month-olds have some understanding of the
looking behaviors of others as an act of
seeing.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00315.x},
Key = {fds351916}
}
@article{fds351917,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Stahl, D},
Title = {Sampling children's spontaneous speech: How much is
enough?},
Journal = {Journal of Child Language},
Volume = {31},
Number = {1},
Pages = {101-121},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0305000903005944},
Abstract = {There has been relatively little discussion in the field of
child language acquisition about how best to sample from
children's spontaneous speech, particularly with regard to
quantitative issues. Here we provide quantitative
information designed to help researchers make decisions
about how best to sample children's speech for particular
research questions (and/or how confident to be in existing
analyses). We report theoretical analyses in which the major
parameters are: (1) the frequency with which a phenomenon
occurs in the real world, and (2) the temporal density with
which a researcher samples the child's speech. We look at
the influence of these two parameters in using spontaneous
speech samples to estimate such things as: (a) the
percentage of the real phenomenon actually captured, (b) the
probability of capturing at least one target in any given
sample, (c) the confidence we can have in estimating the
frequency of occurrence of a target from a given sample, and
(d) the estimated age of emergence of a target structure. In
addition, we also report two empirical analyses of
relatively infrequent child language phenomena, in which we
sample in different ways from a relatively dense corpus (two
children aged 2;0 to 3;0) and compare the different results
obtained. Implications of these results for various issues
in the study of child language acquisition are
discussed.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0305000903005944},
Key = {fds351917}
}
@article{fds351918,
Author = {Liebal, K and Pika, S and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {To move or not to move: How apes adjust to the attentional
state of others},
Journal = {Interaction Studies},
Volume = {5},
Number = {2},
Pages = {199-219},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.5.2.03lie},
Abstract = {A previous observational study suggested that when faced
with a partner with its back turned, chimpanzees tend to
move around to the front of a non-attending partner and then
gesture-rather than gesturing once to attract attention and
then again to convey a specific intent.We investigated this
preference experimentally by presenting six orangutans, five
gorillas, nine chimpanzees, and four bonobos with a food
begging situation in which we varied the body orientation of
an experimenter (E) with respect to the subject (front vs.
back) and the location of the food (in front or behind E).
These manipulations allowed us to measure whether subjects
preferred to move around to face E or to use signals to
attract her attention before they begged for food. Results
showed that all species moved around to face E and then
produced visual gestures, instead of using tactile/ auditory
gestures behind E to call her attention. Species differences
were apparent particularly when the food and E were in
different locations. Unlike gorillas and orangutans,
chimpanzees and bonobos (from genus Pan) produced their
gestures in front of E in all conditions, including that in
which subjects had to leave the food behind to communicate
with her. Implications of these results are discussed in the
context of the evolution of social cognition in great apes.
© John Benjamins Publishing Company.},
Doi = {10.1075/is.5.2.03lie},
Key = {fds351918}
}
@article{fds351919,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Learning through others},
Journal = {Daedalus},
Volume = {133},
Number = {1},
Pages = {51-58},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/001152604772746693},
Doi = {10.1162/001152604772746693},
Key = {fds351919}
}
@article{fds351920,
Author = {Liebal, K and Pika, S and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Social communication in siamangs (Symphalangus syndactylus):
use of gestures and facial expressions.},
Journal = {Primates; journal of primatology},
Volume = {45},
Number = {1},
Pages = {41-57},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10329-003-0063-7},
Abstract = {The current study represents the first systematic
investigation of the social communication of captive
siamangs (Symphalangus syndactylus). The focus was on
intentional signals, including tactile and visual gestures,
as well as facial expressions and actions. Fourteen
individuals from different groups were observed and the
signals used by individuals were recorded. Thirty-one
different signals, consisting of 12 tactile gestures, 8
visual gestures, 7 actions, and 4 facial expressions, were
observed, with tactile gestures and facial expressions
appearing most frequently. The range of the signal
repertoire increased steadily until the age of six, but
declined afterwards in adults. The proportions of the
different signal categories used within communicative
interactions, in particular actions and facial expressions,
also varied depending on age. Group differences could be
traced back mainly to social factors or housing conditions.
Differences in the repertoire of males and females were most
obvious in the sexual context. Overall, most signals were
used flexibly, with the majority performed in three or more
social contexts and almost one-third of signals used in
combination with other signals. Siamangs also adjusted their
signals appropriately for the recipient, for example, using
visual signals most often when the recipient was already
attending (audience effects). These observations are
discussed in the context of siamang ecology, social
structure, and cognition.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10329-003-0063-7},
Key = {fds351920}
}
@article{fds351921,
Author = {Savage, C and Lieven, E and Theakston, A and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Testing the abstractness of children's linguistic
representations: Lexical and structural priming of syntactic
constructions in young children},
Journal = {Developmental Science},
Volume = {6},
Number = {5},
Pages = {557-567},
Year = {2003},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-7687.00312},
Abstract = {The current studies used a priming methodology to assess the
abstractness of children's early syntactic constructions. In
the main study, 3-, 4- and 6-year-old children were asked to
describe a prime picture by repeating either an active or a
passive sentence, and then they were left to their own
devices to describe a target picture. For half the children
at each age, the prime sentences they repeated had high
lexical overlap with the sentence they were likely to
produce for the target, whereas for the other half there was
very low lexical overlap between prime and target. The main
result was that 6-year-old children showed both lexical and
structural priming for both the active transitive and
passive constructions, whereas 3- and 4-year-old children
showed lexical priming only. This pattern of results would
seem to indicate that 6-year-old children have relatively
abstract representations of these constructions, whereas 3-
and 4-year-old children have as an integral part of their
representations certain specific lexical items, especially
pronouns and some grammatical morphemes. In a second study
it was found that children did not need to repeat the prime
out loud in order to be primed - suggesting that the priming
effect observed concerns not just peripheral production
mechanisms but underlying linguistic representations common
to comprehension and production. These results support the
view that young children develop abstract linguistic
representations gradually during the preschool
years.},
Doi = {10.1111/1467-7687.00312},
Key = {fds351921}
}
@article{fds351922,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Haberl, K},
Title = {Understanding attention: 12- and 18-month-olds know what is
new for other persons.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {39},
Number = {5},
Pages = {906-912},
Year = {2003},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.39.5.906},
Abstract = {Infants at 12 and 18 months of age played with 2 adults and
2 new toys. For a 3rd toy, however, 1 of the adults left the
room while the child and the other adult played with it.
This adult then returned, looked at all 3 toys aligned on a
tray, showed great excitement ("Wow! Cool!"), and then
asked, "Can you give it to me?' To retrieve the toy the
adult wanted, infants had to (a) know that people attend to
and get excited about new things and (b) identify what was
new for the adult even though it was not new for them.
Infants at both ages did this successfully, lending support
to the hypothesis that 1-year-old infants possess a genuine
understanding of other persons as intentional and
attentional agents.},
Doi = {10.1037/0012-1649.39.5.906},
Key = {fds351922}
}
@article{fds351923,
Author = {Call, J and Bräuer, J and Kaminski, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) are sensitive to the
attentional state of humans.},
Journal = {Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. :
1983)},
Volume = {117},
Number = {3},
Pages = {257-263},
Year = {2003},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.117.3.257},
Abstract = {Twelve domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) were given a series
of trials in which they were forbidden to take a piece of
visible food. In some trials, the human continued to look at
the dog throughout the trial (control condition), whereas in
others, the human (a) left the room, (b) turned her back,
(c) engaged in a distracting activity, or (d) closed her
eyes. Dogs behaved in clearly different ways in most of the
conditions in which the human did not watch them compared
with the control condition, in which she did. In particular,
when the human looked at them, dogs retrieved less food,
approached it in a more indirect way, and sat (as opposed to
laid down) more often than in the other conditions. Results
are discussed in terms of domestic dogs' social-cognitive
skills and their unique evolutionary and ontogenetic
histories.},
Doi = {10.1037/0735-7036.117.3.257},
Key = {fds351923}
}
@article{fds351924,
Author = {Theakston, AL and Lieven, EVM and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The role of the input in the acquisition of third person
singular verbs in English.},
Journal = {Journal of speech, language, and hearing research :
JSLHR},
Volume = {46},
Number = {4},
Pages = {863-877},
Year = {2003},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2003/067)},
Abstract = {During the early stages of language acquisition, children
pass through a stage of development when they produce both
finite and nonfinite verb forms in finite contexts (e.g.,
"it go there," "it goes there"). Theorists who assume that
children operate with an abstract understanding of tense and
agreement marking from the beginnings of language use tend
to explain this phenomenon in terms of either performance
limitations in production (e.g., V. Valian, 1991) or the
optional use of finite forms in finite contexts due to a
lack of knowledge that tense and agreement marking is
obligatory (the optional infinitive hypothesis; K. Wexler,
1994, 1996). An alternative explanation, however, is that
children's use of nonfinite forms is based on the presence
of questions in the input ("Where does it go?") where the
grammatical subject is immediately followed by a nonfinite
verb form. To compare these explanations, 2 groups of 24
children aged between 2 years 6 months and 3 years were
exposed to 6 known and 3 novel verbs produced in either
declaratives or questions or in both declaratives and
questions. The children were then questioned to elicit use
of the verbs in either finite or nonfinite contexts. The
results show that for novel verbs, the children's patterns
of verb use were closely related to the patterns of verb use
modeled in the language to which they were exposed. For
known verbs, there were no differences in the children's use
of individual verbs, regardless of the specific patterns of
verb use modeled in the language they heard. The
implications of these findings for theories of early verb
use are discussed.},
Doi = {10.1044/1092-4388(2003/067)},
Key = {fds351924}
}
@article{fds351925,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Akhtar, N},
Title = {What paradox? A response to Naigles (2002).},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {88},
Number = {3},
Pages = {317-323},
Year = {2003},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-0277(03)00048-9},
Doi = {10.1016/s0010-0277(03)00048-9},
Key = {fds351925}
}
@article{fds351926,
Author = {Lohmann, H and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The role of language in the development of false belief
understanding: a training study.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {74},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1130-1144},
Year = {2003},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00597},
Abstract = {The current study used a training methodology to determine
whether different kinds of linguistic interaction play a
causal role in children's development of false belief
understanding. After 3 training sessions, 3-year-old
children improved their false belief understanding both in a
training condition involving perspective-shifting discourse
about deceptive objects (without mental state terms) and in
a condition in which sentential complement syntax was used
(without deceptive objects). Children did not improve in a
condition in which they were exposed to deceptive objects
without accompanying language. Children showed most
improvement in a condition using both perspective-shifting
discourse and sentential complement syntax, suggesting that
each of these types of linguistic experience plays an
independent role in the ontogeny of false belief
understanding.},
Doi = {10.1111/1467-8624.00597},
Key = {fds351926}
}
@article{fds351927,
Author = {Pika, S and Liebal, K and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Gestural communication in young gorillas (Gorilla gorilla):
gestural repertoire, learning, and use.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {60},
Number = {3},
Pages = {95-111},
Year = {2003},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.10097},
Abstract = {In the present study we investigated the gestural
communication of gorillas (Gorilla gorilla). The subjects
were 13 gorillas (1-6 years old) living in two different
groups in captivity. Our goal was to compile the gestural
repertoire of subadult gorillas, with a special focus on
processes of social cognition, including attention to
individual and developmental variability, group variability,
and flexibility of use. Thirty-three different gestures (six
auditory, 11 tactile, and 16 visual gestures) were recorded.
We found idiosyncratic gestures, individual differences, and
similar degrees of concordance between and within groups, as
well as some group-specific gestures. These results provide
evidence that ontogenetic ritualization is the main learning
process involved, but some form of social learning may also
be responsible for the acquisition of special gestures. The
present study establishes that gorillas have a multifaceted
gestural repertoire, characterized by a great deal of
flexibility with accommodations to various communicative
circumstances, including the attentional state of the
recipient. The possibility of assigning Seyfarth and
Cheney's [1997] model for nonhuman primate vocal development
to the development of nonhuman primate gestural
communication is discussed.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.10097},
Key = {fds351927}
}
@article{fds326035,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Call, J and Hare, B},
Title = {Chimpanzees versus humans: It's not that
simple},
Journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
Volume = {7},
Number = {6},
Pages = {239-240},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2003},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(03)00107-4},
Doi = {10.1016/S1364-6613(03)00107-4},
Key = {fds326035}
}
@article{fds351928,
Author = {Lieven, E and Behrens, H and Speares, J and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Early syntactic creativity: a usage-based
approach.},
Journal = {Journal of child language},
Volume = {30},
Number = {2},
Pages = {333-370},
Year = {2003},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000903005592},
Abstract = {The aim of the current study was to determine the degree to
which a sample of one child's creative utterances related to
utterances that the child previously produced. The
utterances to be accounted for were all of the intelligible,
multi-word utterances produced by the child in a single hour
of interaction with her mother early in her third year of
life (at age 2;1.11). We used a high-density database
consisting of 5 hours of recordings per week together with a
maternal diary for the previous 6 weeks. Of the 295
multi-word utterances on tape, 37% were 'novel' in the sense
that they had not been said in their entirety before. Using
a morpheme-matching method, we identified the way(s) in
which each novel utterance differed from its closest match
in the preceding corpus. In 74% of the cases we required
only one operation to match the previous utterance and the
great majority of these consisted of the substitution of a
word (usually a noun) into a previous utterance or schema.
Almost all the other single-operation utterances involved
adding a word onto the beginning or end of a previous
utterance. 26% of the novel, multi-word utterances required
more than one operation to match the closest previous
utterance, although many of these only involved a
combination of the two operations seen for the
single-operation utterances. Some others were, however, more
complex to match. The results suggest that the relatively
high degree of creativity in early English child language
could be at least partially based upon entrenched schemas
and a small number of simple operations to modify them. We
discuss the implications of these results for the interplay
in language production between strings registered in memory
and categorial knowledge.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0305000903005592},
Key = {fds351928}
}
@article{fds325200,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Call, J and Hare, B},
Title = {Chimpanzees understand psychological states - The question
is which ones and to what extent},
Journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
Volume = {7},
Number = {4},
Pages = {153-156},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2003},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(03)00035-4},
Abstract = {New data suggest that relatively drastic revisions are
needed in our theoretical accounts of what other animal
species understand about the psychological states of others.
Specifically, chimpanzees seem to understand some things
about what others do and do not see, or have and have not
seen in the immediate past, as well as some things about
others' goal-directed activities. This is especially so in
competitive situations. They clearly do not have a
human-like theory of mind, however, and so the challenge is
to specify precisely how ape and human social cognition are
similar and different.},
Doi = {10.1016/S1364-6613(03)00035-4},
Key = {fds325200}
}
@article{fds351929,
Author = {Childers, JB and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Children extend both words and non-verbal actions to novel
exemplars},
Journal = {Developmental Science},
Volume = {6},
Number = {2},
Pages = {185-190},
Year = {2003},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-7687.00270},
Abstract = {Markson and Bloom (1997) found that some learning processes
involved in children's acquisition of a new word are also
involved in their acquisition of a new fact. They argued
that these findings provided evidence against a
domain-specific system for word learning. However, Waxman
and Booth (2000) found that whereas children quite readily
extend newly learned words to novel exemplars within a
category, they do not do this with newly learned facts. They
therefore argued that because children did not extend some
facts in a principled way, word learning and fact learning
may result from different domain-specific processes. In the
current study, we argue that facts are a poor comparison in
this argument since facts vary in whether they are tied to
particular individuals. A more appropriate comparison is a
conventional non-verbal action on an object - 'what we do
with things like this' - since they are routinely
generalized categorically to new objects. Our study shows
that 2 1/2-year-old children extend novel non-verbal actions
to new objects in the same way that they extend novel words
to new objects. The findings provide support for the view
that word learning represents a unique configuration of more
general learning processes.},
Doi = {10.1111/1467-7687.00270},
Key = {fds351929}
}
@article{fds366601,
Author = {Lohmann, H and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Language and social understanding: Commentary on Nelson et
al.},
Journal = {Human Development},
Volume = {46},
Number = {1},
Pages = {47-50},
Year = {2003},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000067778},
Doi = {10.1159/000067778},
Key = {fds366601}
}
@article{fds326346,
Author = {Hare, B and Addessi, E and Call, J and Tomasello, M and Visalberghi,
E},
Title = {Do capuchin monkeys, Cebus apella, know what conspecifics do
and do not see?},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {65},
Number = {1},
Pages = {131-142},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2002.2017},
Abstract = {Capuchin monkeys were tested in five experiments in which
two individuals competed over food. When given a choice
between retrieving a piece of food that was visible or
hidden from the dominant, subordinate animals preferred to
retrieve hidden food. This preference is consistent with the
hypotheses that either (1) the subordinate knew what the
dominant could and could not see or (2) the subordinate was
monitoring the behaviour of the dominant and avoiding the
piece of food that it approached. To test between these
alternatives, we released subordinates with a slight head
start forcing them to make their choice (between a piece of
food hidden or visible to the dominant) before the dominant
entered the area. Unlike chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes,
subordinates that were given a head start did not
preferentially approach hidden pieces of food first.
Therefore, our experiments provide little support for the
hypothesis that capuchin monkeys are sensitive to what
another individual does or does not see. We compare our
results with those obtained with chimpanzees in the same
paradigm and discuss the evolution of primate social
cognition. © 2003 The Association for the Study of Animal
Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1006/anbe.2002.2017},
Key = {fds326346}
}
@article{fds351930,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Rakoczy, H},
Title = {What makes human cognition unique? From individual to shared
to collective intentionality},
Journal = {Mind and Language},
Volume = {18},
Number = {2},
Pages = {121-147},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0017.00217},
Abstract = {It is widely believed that what distinguishes the social
cognition of humans from that of other animals is the
belief-desire psychology of four-year-old children and
adults (so-called theory of mind). We argue here that this
is actually the second ontogenetic step in uniquely human
social cognition. The first step is one year old children's
understanding of persons as intentional agents, which
enables skills of cultural learning and shared
intentionality. This initial step is 'the real thing' in the
sense that it enables young children to participate in
cultural activities using shared, perspectival symbols with
a conventional/normative/reflective dimension - for example,
linguistic communication and pretend play - thus
inaugurating children's understanding of things mental.
Understanding beliefs and participating in collective
intentionality at four years of age - enabling the
comprehension of such things as money and marriage - results
from several years of engagement with other persons in
perspective-shifting and reflective discourse containing
propositional attitude constructions.},
Doi = {10.1111/1468-0017.00217},
Key = {fds351930}
}
@article{fds351931,
Author = {Cameron-Faulkner, T and Lieven, E and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {A construction based analysis of child directed
speech},
Journal = {Cognitive Science},
Volume = {27},
Number = {6},
Pages = {843-873},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsci.2003.06.001},
Abstract = {The child directed speech of twelve English-speaking mothers
was analyzed in terms of utterance-level constructions.
First, the mothers' utterances were categorized in terms of
general constructional categories such as Wh-questions,
copulas and transitives. Second, mothers' utterances within
these categories were further specified in terms of the
initial words that framed the utterance, item-based phrases
such as Are you ..., I'll ..., It's ..., Let's ..., What did
.... The findings were: (i) overall, only about 15% of all
maternal utterances had SVO form (most were questions,
imperatives, copulas, and fragments); (ii) 51% of all
maternal utterances began with one of 52 item-based phrases,
mostly consisting of two words or morphemes (45% began with
one of just 17 words); and (iii) children used many of these
same item-based phrases, in some cases at a rate that
correlated highly with their own mother's frequency of use.
We suggest that analyses of adult-child linguistic
interaction should take into account not just general
constructional categories, but also the item-based
constructions that adults and children use and the frequency
with which they use them. © 2003 Cognitive Science Society,
Inc. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogsci.2003.06.001},
Key = {fds351931}
}
@article{fds351932,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Things are what they do: Katherine Nelson's functional
approach to language and cognition},
Journal = {Journal of Cognition and Development},
Volume = {3},
Number = {1},
Pages = {5-19},
Year = {2002},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15327647JCD0301_2},
Abstract = {This article attempts to summarize Katherine Nelson's
theoretical and empirical contributions to the ontogenetic
study of language and cognition. Nelson's approach has
consistently emphasized the function of language and
linguistic concepts in children's larger conceptual and
social lives and, conversely, how children's emerging
understanding of the function of linguistic symbols in
larger conceptual and social structures makes language
acquisition possible in the first place. This approach has
led to an especially fruitful body of theoretical and
empirical work. Copyright © 2002, Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1207/S15327647JCD0301_2},
Key = {fds351932}
}
@article{fds325201,
Author = {Hare, B and Brown, M and Williamson, C and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {The domestication of social cognition in
dogs.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {298},
Number = {5598},
Pages = {1634-1636},
Year = {2002},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1072702},
Abstract = {Dogs are more skillful than great apes at a number of tasks
in which they must read human communicative signals
indicating the location of hidden food. In this study, we
found that wolves who were raised by humans do not show
these same skills, whereas domestic dog puppies only a few
weeks old, even those that have had little human contact, do
show these skills. These findings suggest that during the
process of domestication, dogs have been selected for a set
of social-cognitive abilities that enable them to
communicate with humans in unique ways.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1072702},
Key = {fds325201}
}
@article{fds351933,
Author = {Childers, JB and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Two-year-olds learn novel nouns, verbs, and conventional
actions from massed or distributed exposures.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {38},
Number = {6},
Pages = {967-978},
Year = {2002},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.38.6.967},
Abstract = {Two-year-old children were taught either 6 novel nouns, 6
novel verbs, or 6 novel actions over 1 month. In each
condition, children were exposed to some items in massed
presentations (on a single day) and some in distributed
presentations (over the 2 weeks). Children's comprehension
and production was tested at 3 intervals after training. In
comprehension, children learned all types of items in all
training conditions at all retention intervals. For
production, the main findings were that (a) production was
better for nonverbal actions than for either word type, (b)
children produced more new nouns than verbs, (c) production
of words was better following distributed than massed
exposure, and (d) time to testing (immediate, 1 day, 1 week)
did not affect retention. A follow-up study showed that the
most important timing variable was the number of different
days of exposure, with more days facilitating production.
Results are discussed in terms of 2 key issues: (a) the
domain-generality versus domain-specificity of processes of
word learning and (b) the relative ease with which children
learn nouns versus verbs.},
Doi = {10.1037/0012-1649.38.6.967},
Key = {fds351933}
}
@article{fds351934,
Author = {Carpenter, M and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {A new false belief test for 36-month-olds},
Journal = {British Journal of Developmental Psychology},
Volume = {20},
Number = {3},
Pages = {393-420},
Year = {2002},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/026151002320620316},
Abstract = {We report two studies that suggest that some 36-month-old
(and younger) children understand others' false beliefs. In
the false belief conditions, children and two adults (E1 and
E2) watched as an object was put into a container. E1 left
the room, and E2 switched that object with another. E1
returned, expressed her desire for the object, and struggled
to open the container (without succeeding). She spied both
objects across the room and said to the child. 'Oh, there it
is. Can you get it for me?' In other conditions, the object
was not switched or E1 witnessed the switch. Other
variations included using a novel word for the object and
removing the 'pull of the real'. Measures of children's
latency and uncertainty were taken to determine whether
those who were correct on the false belief tasks were
guessing (luckily) or truly understanding. Results showed
that between one-third and almost two-thirds of children
took account of the adult's false belief when deciding which
object the adult was requesting. We compare this task with
other implicit and explicit tasks. We also conclude that
certain task demands (e.g. the pull of the real) in
traditional theory of mind assessments are
unnecessary.},
Doi = {10.1348/026151002320620316},
Key = {fds351934}
}
@article{fds351935,
Author = {Carpenter, M and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Understanding "prior intentions" enables two-year-olds to
imitatively learn a complex task.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {73},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1431-1441},
Year = {2002},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00481},
Abstract = {This study investigated children's understanding of others'
intentions in a social learning context. Specifically, it
investigated whether knowing an adult's prior intention
before the adult gives a demonstration influences what
children learn from the demonstration. In the five main
experimental conditions, ninety-six 2-year-old children
watched as an experimenter (E) pulled out a pin and opened
the door of a box. Children in two No Prior Intention
conditions saw this demonstration alone or paired with an
irrelevant action. Children in three Prior Intention
conditions knew what E was trying to do before the
demonstration: they first saw E either attempt
unsuccessfully to open the door, or visit and open several
other containers, or they first saw that the door opened.
Children opened the box themselves more often in each of
these three conditions than in the two No Prior Intention
conditions, even though children in all five conditions saw
the exact same demonstration of how to open the
box.},
Doi = {10.1111/1467-8624.00481},
Key = {fds351935}
}
@article{fds351936,
Author = {Wittek, A and Tomasello, M},
Title = {German children's productivity with tense morphology: the
Perfekt (present perfect).},
Journal = {Journal of child language},
Volume = {29},
Number = {3},
Pages = {567-589},
Year = {2002},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000902005147},
Abstract = {Two nonce-word studies examined German-speaking children's
productivity with the Perfekt (present perfect) from 2;6 to
3;6. The German Perfekt consists of the past participle of
the main verb and an inflected form of an auxiliary (either
haben 'have' or sein 'be'). In Study 1, nonce verbs were
either introduced in the infinitival form, and children
(seventy-two children, aged 2;6 to 3;6) were tested on their
ability to produce the Perfekt, or introduced in the
Perfekt, and children were tested on their ability to
produce the infinitive. In Study 2 twenty-four children aged
3;6 were given the past participle form of nonce verbs to
see if they could supply the appropriate auxiliary (based
mainly on verb semantics). The results were that many
children as young as 2;6 used past participles productively
(more than used infinitival forms productively), but all
children had much difficulty in supplying both auxiliaries
appropriately. The current findings suggest that mastery of
the Perfekt construction as a whole does not take place
before the age of four and that frequency of exposure is an
important factor in determining the age at which children
acquire grammatical constructions.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0305000902005147},
Key = {fds351936}
}
@article{fds351937,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Abbot-Smith, K},
Title = {A tale of two theories: response to Fisher.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {83},
Number = {2},
Pages = {207-214},
Year = {2002},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-0277(01)00172-x},
Doi = {10.1016/s0010-0277(01)00172-x},
Key = {fds351937}
}
@article{fds351938,
Author = {Childers, JB and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The role of pronouns in young children's acquisition of the
English transitive construction.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {37},
Number = {6},
Pages = {739-748},
Year = {2001},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.37.6.739},
Abstract = {Two studies investigating the linguistic representations
underlying English-speaking 2 1/2-year-olds' production of
transitive utterances are reported. The first study was a
training study in which half the children heard utterances
with full nouns as agent and patient, and half the children
heard utterances with both pronouns (i.e., He's [verb]-ing
it) and also full nouns. In subsequent testing, only
children who had been trained with pronouns and nouns were
able to produce a transitive utterance creatively with a
nonce verb. The second study reported an analogous set of
findings, but in comprehension. Together, the results of
these 2 studies suggest that English-speaking children build
many of their early linguistic constructions around certain
specific lexical or morphological items and patterns,
perhaps especially around particular pronoun
configurations.},
Doi = {10.1037//0012-1649.37.6.739},
Key = {fds351938}
}
@article{fds351939,
Author = {Campbell, AL and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The acquisition of English dative constructions},
Journal = {Applied Psycholinguistics},
Volume = {22},
Number = {2},
Pages = {253-267},
Year = {2001},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0142716401002065},
Abstract = {We analyzed the three main types of English dative
constructions - the double-object dative, the to dative, and
the for dative - in the spontaneous speech of seven children
from the age of 1;6 to 5;0. The main findings were as
follows. First, the double-object dative was acquired by
most of the children before either of the prepositional
datives; this was attributed to the greater frequency with
which children heard this construction with individual
verbs. Second, the verbs children used with these
constructions were not only the adult prototypical ones, but
also a number of the less prototypical ones; again, this was
very likely due to their frequency and saliency in the
language children heard. Third, no support was found for
Ninio's (1999) analysis of the emergence of constructions in
terms of a single "pathbreaking" verb; rather, children
began using the double-object dative with many different
verbs and did not follow the trajectory proposed by Ninio
(i.e., a single verb is used for some months before an
"explosion" of new verbs is introduced in the construction).
Finally, most of the verbs initially used in the three
dative constructions were first used in other constructions
(e.g., a simple transitive); this was even true for some
obligatory datives, such as give and show. The current
results provide a starting point for determining the
underlying representations for the different kinds of dative
constructions and for explicating how children understand
the interrelations among these and other
constructions.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0142716401002065},
Key = {fds351939}
}
@article{fds325202,
Author = {Hare, B and Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Do chimpanzees know what conspecifics know?},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {61},
Number = {1},
Pages = {139-151},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2000.1518},
Abstract = {We conducted three experiments on social problem solving by
chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes. In each experiment a
subordinate and a dominant individual competed for food,
which was placed in various ways on the subordinate's side
of two opaque barriers. In some conditions dominants had not
seen the food hidden, or food they had seen hidden was moved
elsewhere when they were not watching (whereas in control
conditions they saw the food being hidden or moved). At the
same time, subordinates always saw the entire baiting
procedure and could monitor the visual access of their
dominant competitor as well. If subordinates were sensitive
to what dominants did or did not see during baiting, they
should have preferentially approached and retrieved the food
that dominants had not seen hidden or moved. This is what
they did in experiment 1 when dominants were either
uninformed or misinformed about the food's location. In
experiment 2 subordinates recognized, and adjusted their
behaviour accordingly, when the dominant individual who
witnessed the hiding was replaced with another dominant
individual who had not witnessed it, thus demonstrating
their ability to keep track of precisely who has witnessed
what. In experiment 3 subordinates did not choose
consistently between two pieces of hidden food, one of which
dominants had seen hidden and one of which they had not seen
hidden. However, their failure in this experiment was likely
to be due to the changed nature of the competition under
these circumstances and not to a failure of social-cognitive
skills. These findings suggest that at least in some
situations (i.e. competition with conspecifics) chimpanzees
know what conspecifics have and have not seen (do and do not
know), and that they use this information to devise
effective social-cognitive strategies. © 2001 The
Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1006/anbe.2000.1518},
Key = {fds325202}
}
@article{fds325570,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Hare, B and Fogleman, T},
Title = {The ontogeny of gaze following in chimpanzees, Pan
troglodytes, and rhesus macaques, Macaca
mulatta},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {61},
Number = {2},
Pages = {335-343},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2000.1598},
Abstract = {Primates follow the gaze direction of conspecifics to
outside objects. We followed the ontogeny of this
social-cognitive skill for two species: rhesus macaques and
chimpanzees, in the first two experiments, using both a
cross-sectional and a longitudinal design, we exposed
individuals of different ages to a human looking in a
specified direction. Rhesus infants first began reliably to
follow the direction of this gaze at the end of the early
infancy period, at about 5.5 months of age. Chimpanzees did
not reliably follow human gaze until 3-4 years; this
corresponds to the latter part of the late infancy period
for this species. In the third experiment we exposed
individuals of the same two species to a human repeatedly
looking to the same location (with no special object at that
location) to see if subjects would learn to ignore the
looks. Only adults of the two species diminished their
gaze-following behaviour over trials. This suggests that in
the period between infancy and adulthood individuals of both
species come to integrate their gaze-following skills with
their more general social-cognitive knowledge about other
animate beings and their behaviour, and so become able to
deploy their gaze-following skills in a more flexible
manner. © 2001 The Association for the Study of Animal
Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1006/anbe.2000.1598},
Key = {fds325570}
}
@article{fds351940,
Author = {Diessel, H and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The Development of Relative Clauses in Spontaneous Child
Speech},
Journal = {Cognitive Linguistics},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {131-151},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cogl.2001.006},
Abstract = {This study examines the development of relative clauses in
the speech of four English-speaking children between 1;9 and
5;2 years of age. It is shown that the earliest relative
clauses occur in presentational constructions that express a
single proposition in two finite clauses. Starting from such
simple sentences, children gradually learn the use of more
complex constructions in which the relative clause modifes
the noun of a full-edged main clause. Five factors are
considered that might contribute to the development of
relative clauses in spontaneous child speech: (1) the
ambient language, (2) the formulaic character of the main
clause, (3) the information structure of the whole
utterance, (4) the communicative function of presentational
relatives, and (5) the limited processing capacity of young
children. © 2001, 2000 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG.
All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1515/cogl.2001.006},
Key = {fds351940}
}
@article{fds351941,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {First steps toward a usage-based theory of language
acquisition},
Journal = {Cognitive Linguistics},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {61-82},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cogl.2001.012},
Abstract = {Usage-based models of language focus on the specific
communicative events in which people learn and use language.
In these models, the psycholinguistic units with which
individuals operate are determined not by theoretical fiat
but by observation of actual language use in actual
communicative events. This data-based approach make these
models especially congenial for the analysis of children's
language, since children do not learn and use the same units
as adults. In this paper I employ a usage-based model of
language to argue for five fundamental facts about child
language acquisition: (1) the primary psycholinguistic unit
of child language acquisition is the utterance, which has as
its foundation the expression and understanding of
communicative intentions; (2) early in their language
development children are attempting to reproduce not adult
words but whole adult utterances; (3) children's earliest
utterances are almost totally concrete in the sense that
they are instantiations of item-based schemas or
constructions; (4) abstractions result from children
generalizing across the type variation they observe at
particular “slots” in otherwise recurrent tokens of the
same utterance; and (5) children create novel utterances for
themselves via usage-based syntactic operations in which
they begin with an utterance-level schema and then modify
that schema for the exigencies of the particular
communicative situation (usage event) at hand. © 2001, 2000
by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1515/cogl.2001.012},
Key = {fds351941}
}
@article{fds351942,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Cultural Transmission:A View from Chimpanzees and Human
Infants},
Journal = {Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology},
Volume = {32},
Number = {2},
Pages = {135-146},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022101032002002},
Abstract = {Human beings are biologically adapted for culture in ways
that other primates are not, as evidenced most clearly by
the fact that only human cultural traditions accumulate
modifications over historical time (the ratchet effect). The
key adaptation is one that enables individuals to understand
other individuals as intentional agents like the self. This
species-unique form of social cognition emerges in human
ontogeny at around 1 year of age as infants begin to engage
with other persons in various kinds of joint attentional
activities involving gaze following, social referencing, and
gestural communication. Young children–s joint attentional
skills then engender some uniquely powerful forms of
cultural learning, enabling the acquisition of language,
discourse skills, tool use practices, and many other
conventional activities. These novel forms of cultural
learning allow human beings to pool their cognitive
resources both contemporaneously and over historical time in
ways that are unique in the animal kingdom. © 2015, Sage
Publications. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1177/0022022101032002002},
Key = {fds351942}
}
@article{fds351943,
Author = {Diessel, H and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The acquisition of finite complement clauses in English: A
corpus-based analysis},
Journal = {Cognitive Linguistics},
Volume = {12},
Number = {2},
Pages = {97-142},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cogl.12.2.97},
Abstract = {This article examines the development of finite complement
clauses in the speech of seven English-speaking children
aged 1;2 to 5;2.It shows that in most of children's complex
utterances that seem to include a finite complement clause,
the main clause does not express a full proposition; rather,
it functions as an epistemic marker, attention getter, or
marker of illocutionary force. The whole construction thus
contains only a single proposition expressed by the apparent
complement clause. As children grow older, some of the
“main clauses” become more substantial and new
complement-taking verbs emerge that occur with truly
embedded complement clauses. However, since the use of these
constructions is limited to only a few verbs, we argue that
they are not yet licensed by a general schema or rule;
rather, they are “constructional islands” organized
around individual verbs. © 2001, Walter de Gruyter. All
rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1515/cogl.12.2.97},
Key = {fds351943}
}
@article{fds351944,
Author = {Pika, S and Tomasello, M},
Title = {'Separating the wheat from the chaff': A novel food
processing technique in captive Gorillas (Gorilla g.
gorilla)},
Journal = {Primates},
Volume = {42},
Number = {2},
Pages = {167-170},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02558144},
Abstract = {Observation of a novel food processing technique is reported
for captive zoo gorillas (Gorilla g. gorilla). It is similar
in function to that of Japanese macaques' wheat placer
mining behaviour and consists of puffing/blowing air with
the mouth onto a mixture of oat grains and chaff in order to
separate out the oat grains. Three females in two of four
groups regularly use this behaviour. Other individuals in
these groups or individuals of the two other groups in the
same zoo do not use it. However, a very similar behaviour
has been observed in three other individuals in a gorilla
group of another zoo. The existence of this technique in
spatially separated groups implies that multiple individuals
have invented it for themselves. The possible role of social
transmission is still to be investigated.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF02558144},
Key = {fds351944}
}
@article{fds351945,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Could we please lose the mapping metaphor,
please?},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
Volume = {24},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1119-1120},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01390131},
Abstract = {Although Bloom gives more credit to social cognition (mind
reading) than do most other theorists of word learning, he
does not go far enough. He still relies fundamentally on a
learning process of association (or mapping), neglecting the
joint attentional and cultural learning skills from which
linguistic communication emerges at one year of
age.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0140525x01390131},
Key = {fds351945}
}
@article{fds351946,
Author = {Abbot-Smith, K and Lieven, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {What preschool children do and do not do with ungrammatical
word orders},
Journal = {Cognitive Development},
Volume = {16},
Number = {2},
Pages = {679-692},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0885-2014(01)00054-5},
Abstract = {Akhtar [J. Child Lang. 26 (1999) 339.] found that when
4-year-old English-speaking children hear novel verbs in
transitive utterances with ungrammatical word orders (e.g.,
Elmo the tree meeked), they correct them to canonical SVO
order almost all of the time. However, when 3-year-olds and
older 2-year-olds hear these same utterances, they waver
between correcting and using the ungrammatical ordering. In
the current study, we adapted this task for children at 2;4,
using an intransitive construction. The major finding was
that children corrected the noncanonical word order less
than half as often as Akhtar's 2-year-old subjects who were
approximately 4 months older. At the same time, however,
children showed in several ways that they had some implicit
understanding of canonical SV order; for example, they used
the novel verb which they heard used in grammatical word
order more often than the novel verb which they heard in
ungrammatical word order, and they consistently used
pronouns and the progressive -s auxiliary in appropriate
ways. The current findings thus contribute to a growing body
of theory and research suggesting that the ontogenetic
emergence of linguistic categories and schemas is a gradual
process, as is the emergence of categories in other domains
of cognitive development. © 2001 Elsevier Science
Inc.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0885-2014(01)00054-5},
Key = {fds351946}
}
@article{fds366602,
Author = {Striano, T and Tomasello, M and Rochat, P},
Title = {Social and object support for early symbolic
play},
Journal = {Developmental Science},
Volume = {4},
Number = {4},
Pages = {442-455},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-7687.00186},
Abstract = {In this study we sought to determine the degree to which
2-to 3-year-old children use objects symbolically in the
relative absence of adult symbolic actions or linguistic
descriptions, and how the nature of objects influences
symbolic play. Results revealed a dramatic increase in
children's creative symbolic productions between 2 and 3
years of age, with the tendency to produce symbolic actions
influenced to an equal degree by adult symbolic action
models and verbal directions. Children of all ages were
heavily influenced by the nature of the object to be used as
a symbol, with the youngest children using only replica
objects as symbols. In a second study, we examined
children's looks to an adult as they engaged in different
kinds of activities with objects. The main finding was that
children looked to the adult immediately after performing a
symbolic action more often than if they performed an
instrumental action. We argue for the essentially social
nature of symbolic play, both in terms of how children learn
to use objects as symbols and in terms of the reasons they
do so.},
Doi = {10.1111/1467-7687.00186},
Key = {fds366602}
}
@article{fds325203,
Author = {Agnetta, B and Hare, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Cues to food location that domestic dogs (Canis familiaris)
of different ages do and do not use},
Journal = {Animal Cognition},
Volume = {3},
Number = {2},
Pages = {107-112},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2000},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100710000070},
Abstract = {The results of three experiments are reported. In the main
study, a human experimenter presented domestic dogs (Canis
familiaris) with a variety of social cues intended to
indicate the location of hidden food. The novel findings of
this study were: (1) dogs were able to use successfully
several totally novel cues in which they watched a human
place a marker in front of the target location; (2) dogs
were unable to use the marker by itself with no behavioral
cues (suggesting that some form of human behavior directed
to the target location was a necessary part of the cue); and
(3) there were no significant developments in dogs' skills
in these tasks across the age range 4 months to 4 years
(arguing against the necessity of extensive learning
experiences with humans). In a follow- up study, dogs did
not follow human gaze into "empty space" outside of the
simulated foraging context. Finally, in a small pilot study,
two arctic wolves (Canis lupus) were unable to use human
cues to locate hidden food. These results suggest the
possibility that domestic dogs have evolved an adaptive
specialization for using human-produced directional cues in
a goal-directed (especially foraging) context. Exactly how
they understand these cues is still an open question. ©
Springer-Verlag 2000.},
Doi = {10.1007/s100710000070},
Key = {fds325203}
}
@article{fds351947,
Author = {Call, J and Agnetta, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Cues that chimpanzees do and do not use to find hidden
objects},
Journal = {Animal Cognition},
Volume = {3},
Number = {1},
Pages = {23-34},
Year = {2000},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100710050047},
Abstract = {Chimpanzees follow conspecific and human gaze direction
reliably in some situations, but very few chimpanzees
reliably use gaze direction or other communicative signals
to locate hidden food in the object-choice task. Three
studies aimed at exploring factors that affect chimpanzee
performance in this task are reported. In the first study,
vocalizations and other noises facilitated the performance
of some chimpanzees (only a minority). In the second study,
various behavioral cues were given in which a human
experimenter either touched, approached, or actually lifted
and looked under the container where the food was hidden.
Each of these cues led to enhanced performance for only a
very few individuals. In the third study - a replication
with some methodological improvements of a previous
experiment - chimpanzees were confronted with two
experimenters giving conflicting cues about the location of
the hidden food, with one of them (the knower) having
witnessed the hiding process and the other (the guesser)
not. In the crucial test in which a third experimenter did
the hiding, no chimpanzee found the food at above chance
levels. Overall, in all three studies, by far the best
performers were two individuals who had been raised in
infancy by humans. It thus seems that while chimpanzees are
very good at "behavior reading" of various sorts, including
gaze following, they do not understand the communicative
intentions (informative intentions) behind the looking and
gesturing of others - with the possible exception of
enculturated chimpanzees, who still do not understand the
differential significance of looking and gesturing done by
people who have different knowledge about states of affairs
in the world. © Springer-Verlag 2000.},
Doi = {10.1007/s100710050047},
Key = {fds351947}
}
@article{fds351948,
Author = {Campbell, AL and Brooks, P and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Factors affecting young children's use of pronouns as
referring expressions.},
Journal = {Journal of speech, language, and hearing research :
JSLHR},
Volume = {43},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1337-1349},
Year = {2000},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4306.1337},
Abstract = {Most studies of children's use of pronouns have focused
either on the morphology of personal pronouns or on the
anaphoric use of pronouns by older children. The current two
studies investigated factors affecting children's choice of
pronouns as referring expressions-in contrast with their use
of full nouns and null references. In the first study it was
found that 2.5- and 3.5-year-old children did not use
pronouns differentially whether the adult (a) modeled a
pronoun or a noun for the target object or (b) did or did
not witness the target event (although there was evidence
that they did notice and take account of the adult's
witnessing in other ways). In the second study it was found
that children of this same age (a) do not use pronouns to
avoid unfamiliar or difficult nouns but (b) do use pronouns
differently depending on the immediately preceding discourse
of the experimenter (whether they were asked a specific
question such as "What did X do?" or a general question such
as "What happened?"). In the case of specific questions,
children prefer to use a null reference but use some
pronouns as well (almost never using full nouns); in the
case of the generic questions, children use pronouns even
more often (and use nouns more as well). This finding was
corroborated by some new analyses of children's use of
pronouns in specific discourse situations in previously
published studies. These findings suggest that children's
choice of pronouns as referring expressions in early
language development is influenced more by the immediately
preceding discourse than other kinds of factors.},
Doi = {10.1044/jslhr.4306.1337},
Key = {fds351948}
}
@article{fds351949,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Erratum: (Trends in Cognitive Sciences (April) 4:4
(156-163))},
Journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
Volume = {4},
Number = {5},
Pages = {186},
Year = {2000},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01481-9},
Doi = {10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01481-9},
Key = {fds351949}
}
@article{fds351950,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {The item-based nature of children's early syntactic
development},
Journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
Volume = {4},
Number = {4},
Pages = {156-163},
Year = {2000},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01462-5},
Abstract = {Recent research using both naturalistic and experimental
methods has found that the vast majority of young children's
early language is organized around concrete, item-based
linguistic schemas. From this beginning, children then
construct more abstract and adult-like linguistic
constructions, but only gradually and in piecemeal fashion.
These new data present significant problems for nativist
accounts of children's language development that use
adult-like linguistic categories, structures and formal
grammars as analytical tools. Instead, the best account of
these data is provided by a usage-based model in which
children imitatively learn concrete linguistic expressions
from the language they hear around them, and then - using
their general cognitive and social-cognitive skills -
categorize, schematize and creatively combine these
individually learned expressions and structures. Copyright
(C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.},
Doi = {10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01462-5},
Key = {fds351950}
}
@article{fds351951,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Do young children have adult syntactic competence?},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {74},
Number = {3},
Pages = {209-253},
Year = {2000},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-0277(99)00069-4},
Abstract = {Many developmental psycholinguists assume that young
children have adult syntactic competence, this assumption
being operationalized in the use of adult-like grammars to
describe young children's language. This "continuity
assumption" has never had strong empirical support, but
recently a number of new findings have emerged - both from
systematic analyses of children's spontaneous speech and
from controlled experiments - that contradict it directly.
In general, the key finding is that most of children's early
linguistic competence is item based, and therefore their
language development proceeds in a piecemeal fashion with
virtually no evidence of any system-wide syntactic
categories, schemas, or parameters. For a variety of
reasons, these findings are not easily explained in terms of
the development of children's skills of linguistic
performance, pragmatics, or other "external" factors. The
framework of an alternative, usage-based theory of child
language acquisition - relying explicitly on new models from
Cognitive-Functional Linguistics - is presented.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0010-0277(99)00069-4},
Key = {fds351951}
}
@article{fds325204,
Author = {Hare, B and Call, J and Agnetta, B and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Chimpanzees know what conspecifics do and do not
see},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {59},
Number = {4},
Pages = {771-785},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1999.1377},
Abstract = {We report a series of experiments on social problem solving
in chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes. In each experiment a
subordinate and a dominant individual were put into
competition over two pieces of food. In all experiments
dominants obtained virtually all of the foods to which they
had good visual and physical access. However, subordinates
were successful quite often in three situations in which
they had better visual access to the food than the dominant,
for example, when the food was positioned so that only the
subordinate (and not the dominant) could see it. In some
cases, the subordinate might have been monitoring the
behaviour of the dominant directly and simply avoided the
food that the dominant was moving towards (which just
happened to be the one it could see). In other cases,
however, we ruled out this possibility by giving
subordinates a small headstart and forcing them to make
their choice (to go to the food that both competitors could
see, or the food that only they could see) before the
dominant was released into the area. Together with other
recent studies, the present investigation suggests that
chimpanzees know what conspecifics can and cannot see, and,
furthermore, that they use this knowledge to devise
effective social-cognitive strategies in naturally occurring
food competition situations. (C)2000 The Association for the
Study of Animal Behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1006/anbe.1999.1377},
Key = {fds325204}
}
@article{fds351952,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Culture and cognitive development},
Journal = {Current Directions in Psychological Science},
Volume = {9},
Number = {2},
Pages = {37-40},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00056},
Abstract = {Human beings are biologically adapted for culture in ways
that other primates are not. The difference can be clearly
seen when the social learning skills of humans and their
nearest primate relatives are systematically compared. The
human adaptation for culture begins to make itself manifest
in human ontogeny at around 1 year of age as human infants
come to undestrand other persons as intentional agents like
the self and so engage in joint attentional interactions
with them. This understanding then enables young children
(a) to employ some uniquely powerful forms of cultural
learning to acquire the accumulated wisdom of their
cultures, especially as embodied in language, and also (b)
to comprehend their worlds in some uniquely powerful ways
involving perspectivally based symbolic representations.},
Doi = {10.1111/1467-8721.00056},
Key = {fds351952}
}
@article{fds351953,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Primate cognition: Introduction to the issue},
Journal = {Cognitive Science},
Volume = {24},
Number = {3},
Pages = {351-361},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog2403_1},
Abstract = {I introduce the special issue by: (1) outlining something of
the relationship between mainstream cognitive science and
the study of nonhuman primate cognition; (2) providing a
brief overview of the scientific study of primate cognition
and how the papers of this special issue fit into that
scientific paradigm; and (3) explicating my own views about
the relationship between nonhuman primate cognition and
human cognition. © 2000 Cognitive Science Society,
Inc.},
Doi = {10.1207/s15516709cog2403_1},
Key = {fds351953}
}
@article{fds351954,
Author = {Bellagamba, F and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Re-enacting intended acts: Comparing 12- and
18-month-olds},
Journal = {Infant Behavior and Development},
Volume = {22},
Number = {2},
Pages = {277-282},
Year = {1999},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0163-6383(99)00002-8},
Abstract = {The current study was a replication and extension of a study
of infant imitative learning by Meltzoff (1995). Unlike the
18-month-old infants in that study (and other 18-month-olds
in the current study), the 12-month-olds in this study did
not frequently imitate unsuccessful goal-directed actions.
Also, both 12- and 18-month-old infants reproduced actions
more often when they observed the entire action and its
result than when they observed the result only. © 1999
ABLEX Publishing Corporation.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0163-6383(99)00002-8},
Key = {fds351954}
}
@article{fds351955,
Author = {Behrens, H and Tomasello, M},
Title = {And what about the Chinese?},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
Volume = {22},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1014},
Year = {1999},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X99222224},
Abstract = {We discuss other recent studies on the acquisition of the
German plural that do not support the dual-mechanism model.
The attested overgeneralizations are not by default only,
nor completely random, but predictable from subregularities
based on the grammatical gender and the phonology of the
noun. In addition, the dual-mechanism model creates a number
of problems for acquisition (theory) rather than solving
existing ones.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0140525X99222224},
Key = {fds351955}
}
@article{fds351956,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Striano, T and Rochat, P},
Title = {Do young children use objects as symbols?},
Journal = {British Journal of Developmental Psychology},
Volume = {17},
Number = {4},
Pages = {563-584},
Year = {1999},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/026151099165483},
Abstract = {Much of young children's symbolic play is heavily scaffolded
by adult symbolic action models, which children may imitate,
and by adult verbal scripts. The current studies attempted
to evaluate 18-35-month-old children's symbolic skills in
the absence of such scaffolding. In a study of symbol
comprehension, children were tested for their ability to
comprehend an adult's use of either a replica object or an
associated gesture to communicate which object in an array
she wanted. In a study of symbol production, children were
given some objects that afforded symbolic manipulations, but
without adult symbolic action models or verbal scripts. The
results of the two studies converged to suggest that
children below 2 years of age have symbolic skills with
gestures, but not with objects. It was also found that while
children at 26 months were able to use an object as a symbol
for another object, they had difficulties when the symbol
had another conventional use (e.g. a drinking cup used as a
hat). The findings are discussed in terms of DeLoache's dual
representation model, and a modification of that model is
proposed.},
Doi = {10.1348/026151099165483},
Key = {fds351956}
}
@article{fds351957,
Author = {Brooks, PJ and Tomasello, M and Dodson, K and Lewis,
LB},
Title = {Young children's overgeneralizations with fixed transitivity
verbs.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {70},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1325-1337},
Year = {1999},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00097},
Abstract = {The present study examined English-speaking children's
tendency to make argument structure overgeneralization
errors (e.g., I disappeared it). Children were exposed to
several English verbs of fixed transitivity (exclusively
intransitive or exclusively transitive) and then asked
questions that encouraged them to overgeneralize usage of
the verbs. Seventy-two children (24 in each of three age
groups: 3, 4/5, and 8 years of age) experienced four actions
performed by puppets. Each action had two verbs of similar
meaning associated with it in the context of the
experimental action: one more familiar to young children and
one less familiar. Children at all ages were more likely to
overgeneralize usage of verbs that were less familiar to
them, supporting the hypothesis that children's usage of
verbs in particular construction types becomes entrenched
over time. As children solidly learn the transitivity status
of particular verbs, they become more reluctant to use those
verbs in other argument structure constructions.},
Doi = {10.1111/1467-8624.00097},
Key = {fds351957}
}
@article{fds351958,
Author = {Visalberghi, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Causal understanding in primates in physical and
psychological domain},
Journal = {Sistemi Intelligenti},
Volume = {11},
Number = {2},
Pages = {307-331},
Year = {1999},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1422/3515},
Doi = {10.1422/3515},
Key = {fds351958}
}
@article{fds351959,
Author = {Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {A nonverbal false belief task: the performance of children
and great apes.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {70},
Number = {2},
Pages = {381-395},
Year = {1999},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00028},
Abstract = {A nonverbal task of false belief understanding was given to
4- and 5-year-old children (N = 28) and to two species of
great ape: chimpanzees and orangutans (N = 7). The task was
embedded in a series of finding games in which an adult (the
hider) hid a reward in one of two identical containers, and
another adult (the communicator) observed the hiding process
and attempted to help the participant by placing a marker on
the container that she believed to hold the reward. An
initial series of control trials ensured that participants
were able to use the marker to locate the reward, follow the
reward in both visible and invisible displacements, and
ignore the marker when they knew it to be incorrect. In the
crucial false belief trials, the communicator watched the
hiding process and then left the area, at which time the
hider switched the locations of the containers. When the
communicator returned, she marked the container at the
location where she had seen the reward hidden, which was
incorrect. The hider then gave the subject the opportunity
to find the sticker. Successful performance required
participants to reason as follows: the communicator placed
the marker where she saw the reward hidden; the container
that was at that location is now at the other location; so
the reward is at the other location. Children were also
given a verbal false belief task in the context of this same
hiding game. The two main results of the study were: (1)
children's performance on the verbal and nonverbal false
belief tasks were highly correlated (and both fit very
closely with age norms from previous studies), and (2) no
ape succeeded in the nonverbal false belief task even though
they succeeded in all of the control trials indicating
mastery of the general task demands.},
Doi = {10.1111/1467-8624.00028},
Key = {fds351959}
}
@article{fds325205,
Author = {Itakura, S and Agnetta, B and Hare, B and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Chimpanzee use of human and conspecific social cues to
locate hidden food},
Journal = {Developmental Science},
Volume = {2},
Number = {4},
Pages = {448-456},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-7687.00089},
Abstract = {Two studies are reported in which chimpanzees attempted to
use social cues to locate hidden food in one of two possible
hiding places. In the first study four chimpanzees were
exposed to a local enhancement cue (the informant approached
and looked to the location where food was hidden and then
remained beside it) and a gaze/point cue (the informant
gazed and manually pointed towards the location where the
food was hidden). Each cue was given by both a human
informant and a chimpanzee informant. In the second study 12
chimpanzees were exposed to a gaze direction cue in
combination with a vocal cue (the human informant gazed to
the hiding location and produced one of two different
vocalizations: a 'food-bark' or a human word-form). The
results were: (i) all subjects were quite skillful with the
local enhancement cue, no matter who produced it; (ii) few
subjects were skillful with the gaze/point cue, no matter
who produced it (most of these being individuals who had
been raised in infancy by humans); and (iii) most subjects
were skillful when the human gazed and vocalized at the
hiding place, with little difference between the two types
of vocal cue. Findings are discussed in terms of
chimpanzees' apparent need for additional cues, over and
above gaze direction cues, to indicate the presence of
food.},
Doi = {10.1111/1467-7687.00089},
Key = {fds325205}
}
@article{fds325571,
Author = {Hare, B and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) use human and conspecific
social cues to locate hidden food},
Journal = {Journal of Comparative Psychology},
Volume = {113},
Number = {2},
Pages = {X173-X177},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0735-7036.113.2.173},
Abstract = {Ten domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) of different breeds and
ages were exposed to 2 different social cues indicating the
location of hidden food, each provided by both a human
informant and a conspecific informant (for a total of 4
different social cues). For the local enhancement cue the
informant approached the location where food was hidden and
then stayed beside it. For the gaze and point cue, the
informant stood equidistant between 2 hiding locations and
bodily oriented and gazed toward the 1 in which food was
hidden (the human informant also pointed). Eight of the 10
subjects, including the one 6-month-old juvenile, were above
chance with 2 or more cues. Results are discussed in terms
of the phylogenetic and ontogenetic processes by means of
which dogs come to use social cues to locate
food.},
Doi = {10.1037//0735-7036.113.2.173},
Key = {fds325571}
}
@article{fds326036,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Hare, B and Agnetta, B},
Title = {Chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, follow gaze direction
geometrically},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {58},
Number = {4},
Pages = {769-777},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1999.1192},
Abstract = {Two experiments on chimpanzee gaze following are reported.
In the first, chimpanzee subjects watched as a human
experimenter looked around various types of barriers. The
subjects looked around each of the barriers more when the
human had done so than in a control condition (in which the
human looked-in another direction). In the second
experiment, chimpanzees watched as a human looked towards
the back of their cage. As they turned to follow the human's
gaze a distractor-object was presented. The chimpanzees
looked at the distractor while still following the human's
gaze to the back of the cage. These two experiments
effectively disconfirm the low-level model of chimpanzee
gaze following in which it is claimed that upon seeing
another animate being's gaze direction chimpanzees simply
turn in that direction and look around for something
interesting. Rather, they support the hypothesis that
chimpanzees follow the gaze direction of other animate
beings geometrically to specific locations, in much the same
way as human infants. The degree to which chimpanzees have a
mentalistic interpretation of the gaze and/or visual
experience of others is still an open question.},
Doi = {10.1006/anbe.1999.1192},
Key = {fds326036}
}
@article{fds351960,
Author = {Brooks, PJ and Tomasello, M},
Title = {How children constrain their argument structure
constructions},
Journal = {Language},
Volume = {75},
Number = {4},
Pages = {720-738},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417731},
Abstract = {We tested two hypotheses about how English-speaking children
learn to avoid making argument structure errors such as
Don't giggle me. The first is that children base their usage
of verbs on membership in narrow-range semantic classes
(Pinker 1989). The second is that children make use of
indirect negative evidence in the form of alternative
expressions that preempt tendencies to overgeneralize.
Ninety-six children (32 each at 2.5, 4.5, and 6/7 years of
age) were introduced to two nonce verbs, one as a transitive
verb and one as an intransitive verb. One verb was from a
semantic class that can be used both transitively and
intransitively while the other was from a fixed transitivity
class. Half of the children were given preempting
alternatives with both verbs; for example, they heard a verb
in a simple transitive construction (as in Ernie's meeking
the car) and then they also heard it in a passive
construction - which enabled them to answer the question
'What's happening with the car?' with It's getting meeked
(rather than generalizing to the intransitive construction
with It's meeking). We found empirical support for the
constraining role of verb classes and of preemption, but
only for children 4.5 years of age and older. Results are
discussed in terms of a model of syntactic development in
which children begin with lexically specific linguistic
constructions and only gradually learn to differentiate
verbs as lexical items from argument structure constructions
as abstract linguistic entities.},
Doi = {10.2307/417731},
Key = {fds351960}
}
@article{fds351961,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {The human adaptation for culture},
Journal = {Annual Review of Anthropology},
Volume = {28},
Pages = {509-529},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.28.1.509},
Abstract = {Human beings are biologically adapted for culture in ways
that other primates are not, as evidenced most clearly by
the fact that only human cultural traditions accumulate
modifications over historical time (the ratchet effect). The
key adaptation is one that enables individuals to understand
other individuals as intentional agents like the self. This
species-unique form of social cognition emerges in human
ontogeny at approximately 1 year of age, as infants begin to
engage with other persons in various kinds of joint
attentional activities involving gaze following, social
referencing, and gestural communication. Young children's
joint attentional skills then engender some uniquely
powerful forms of cultural learning, enabling the
acquisition of language, discourse skills, tool-use
practices, and other conventional activities. These novel
forms of cultural learning allow human beings to, in effect,
pool their cognitive resources both contemporaneously and
over historical time in ways that are unique in the animal
kingdom.},
Doi = {10.1146/annurev.anthro.28.1.509},
Key = {fds351961}
}
@article{fds351962,
Author = {Brooks, PJ and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children learn to produce passives with nonce
verbs.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {35},
Number = {1},
Pages = {29-44},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.35.1.29},
Abstract = {Younger and older children (mean ages = 2 years 11 months
and 3 years 5 months) learned 2 nonce verbs in a full
passive or active transitive construction. When asked
patient-focused questions encouraging passive-voice replies
(e.g., "What happened to the ball?") or agent-focused
questions encouraging active-voice replies (e.g., "What did
Elmo do?"), children used a variety of strategies to meet
the demands of the questions, usually without changing the
construction in which the verb occurred. In Study 2 in which
passive and active constructions were primed, 40% of the
almost 3-year-old children used an active-introduced verb in
a passive construction and 35% used a passive-introduced
verb in an active transitive construction when discourse
demands encouraged them to do so. Thus, before their 3rd
birthdays, some children have an understanding of the
passive and active transitive constructions general enough
to support productive usages with newly learned
verbs.},
Doi = {10.1037//0012-1649.35.1.29},
Key = {fds351962}
}
@article{fds351963,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Brooks, PJ and Stern, E},
Title = {Learning to produce passive utterances through
discourse},
Journal = {First Language},
Volume = {18},
Number = {53},
Pages = {223-237},
Year = {1998},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014272379801805306},
Abstract = {Two studies of English-speaking children's acquisition of
the passive construction are reported. In the first study
children at 3.0 and 3.5 years of age were taught to produce
full passive utterances with a nonce verb through rich
discourse interaction. All the older children learned to
produce a passive with the nonce verb, whereas only
two-thirds of the younger children learned to do this - and
they needed three times as many adult utterances to do so.
In the second study, also using a nonce verb, some
3.0-year-old children were given rich discourse interactions
containing truncated passives, passive questions, and by
phrases - all of which added up to a full passive - but they
never heard a full passive utterance as a whole. Other
children were given only models of full passive utterances
with no discourse scaffolding. Only children who heard full
passive utterances produced them. The children who
participated in rich discourse interactions produced
truncated passives (as they had heard). These results
demonstrate that children can learn to produce full passive
sentences with a nonce verb at 3 years of age, but, in
accordance with Tomasello's (1992) verb island hypothesis,
they tend to do so only within the syntactic constructions
in which they have heard adults using that verb. © Alpha
Academic.},
Doi = {10.1177/014272379801805306},
Key = {fds351963}
}
@article{fds325206,
Author = {Byrne, RW and Russon, AE},
Title = {Learning by imitation: a hierarchical approach.},
Journal = {The Behavioral and brain sciences},
Volume = {21},
Number = {5},
Pages = {667-684},
Year = {1998},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x98001745},
Abstract = {To explain social learning without invoking the cognitively
complex concept of imitation, many learning mechanisms have
been proposed. Borrowing an idea used routinely in cognitive
psychology, we argue that most of these alternatives can be
subsumed under a single process, priming, in which input
increases the activation of stored internal representations.
Imitation itself has generally been seen as a "special
faculty." This has diverted much research towards the
all-or-none question of whether an animal can imitate, with
disappointingly inconclusive results. In the great apes,
however, voluntary, learned behaviour is organized
hierarchically. This means that imitation can occur at
various levels, of which we single out two clearly distinct
ones: the "action level," a rather detailed and linear
specification of sequential acts, and the "program level," a
broader description of subroutine structure and the
hierarchical layout of a behavioural "program." Program
level imitation is a high-level, constructive mechanism,
adapted for the efficient learning of complex skills and
thus not evident in the simple manipulations used to test
for imitation in the laboratory. As examples, we describe
the food-preparation techniques of wild mountain gorillas
and the imitative behaviour of orangutans undergoing
"rehabilitation" to the wild. Representing and manipulating
relations between objects seems to be one basic building
block in their hierarchical programs. There is evidence that
great apes suffer from a stricter capacity limit than humans
in the hierarchical depth of planning. We re-interpret some
chimpanzee behaviour previously described as "emulation" and
suggest that all great apes may be able to imitate at the
program level. Action level imitation is seldom observed in
great ape skill learning, and may have a largely social
role, even in humans.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0140525x98001745},
Key = {fds325206}
}
@article{fds351964,
Author = {Dodson, K and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Acquiring the transitive construction in English: the role
of animacy and pronouns.},
Journal = {Journal of child language},
Volume = {25},
Number = {3},
Pages = {605-622},
Year = {1998},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000998003535},
Abstract = {Twenty-four children between 2;5 and 3;1 were taught two
nonce verbs. Each verb was used multiple times by an adult
experimenter to refer to a highly transitive action
involving a mostly animate agent (including the child
herself) and a patient of varying animacy. One of the verbs
was modelled in the Two-Participants condition in which the
experimenter said: 'Look. Big Bird is dopping the boat'. The
other verb was modelled in the No-Participant condition in
which the experimenter named the Two-Participants but did
not use them as arguments of the novel verb: 'Look what Big
Bird is doing to the boat. It's called keefing'. It was
found that whereas many children produced transitive
sentences with the Two-Participants verb, only children
close to 3;0 produced transitive sentences with the
No-Participant verb. This age is somewhat younger than
previous studies in which young children were asked to
produce transitive sentences with two lexical nouns for the
two animate participants. Also, re-analyses of previously
published studies in which children learned novel verbs in
sentence frames without arguments found that the few
transitive sentences produced by children under 2;6 involved
either I or me as subject. One hypothesis is thus that as
young children in the third year of life begin to construct
a more abstract and verb-general transitive construction,
this construction initially contains only certain types of
participants expressed in only certain kinds of linguistic
forms.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0305000998003535},
Key = {fds351964}
}
@article{fds351965,
Author = {Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Distinguishing intentional from accidental actions in
orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus), chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes),
and human children (Homo sapiens).},
Journal = {Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. :
1983)},
Volume = {112},
Number = {2},
Pages = {192-206},
Year = {1998},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.112.2.192},
Abstract = {This study investigates the understanding of others'
intentions in 2- and 3-year-old children, chimpanzees (Pan
troglodytes), and orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). During
training, subjects learned to use a discriminative cue to
select a baited box. During testing, the experimenter placed
a marker on top of the baited box to inform the subject of
the reward's location. However, the experimenter also
accidentally dropped the marker on top of an unbaited box,
so that during any given trial the experimenter marked 2
boxes, 1 intentionally and 1 accidentally. All 3 species
preferentially selected the box the experimenter had marked
intentionally (especially during the initial trials), with
3-year-old children presenting the most robust results.
These findings suggest that subjects understood something
about the experimenter's intentions. The authors speculate
that understanding of others' intentions may precede the
understanding of others' beliefs both at the ontogenetic and
phylogenetic levels.},
Doi = {10.1037/0735-7036.112.2.192},
Key = {fds351965}
}
@article{fds351966,
Author = {Visalberghi, E and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Primate causal understanding in the physical and
psychological domains},
Journal = {Behavioural Processes},
Volume = {42},
Number = {2-3},
Pages = {189-203},
Year = {1998},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0376-6357(97)00076-4},
Abstract = {Evidence for primates' understanding of causality is
presented and discussed. Understanding causality requires
the organism to understand not just that two events are
associated with one another in space and time, but also that
there is some 'mediating force' that binds the two events to
one another which may be used to predict or control those
events (e.g. a physical force such as gravity or a
psychological force such as an intention). In the physical
domain, studies of tool use indicate that capuchin monkeys
do not have a causal understanding of the functioning of
tools in terms of the physical forces involved, but rather
they learn to associate aspects of their own behavior with
the results it produces. Apes show some possible signs of
understanding the causal relations involved in tool use in
the sense that they may employ various forms of foresight in
approaching novel tasks, perhaps involving an understanding
of physical forces-although not to the extent of human
children. In the psychological domain, nonhuman primates
understand conspecifics as animate beings that generate
their own behavior and, thus, they appreciate that to
manipulate conspecifics communicative signals, and not
physical activities, are required. However, there is very
little evidence that nonhuman primates of any species
understand others as psychological beings with intentions
and other psychological states that mediate their behavioral
interactions with the world-as human children begin to do
sometime during their second year of life. More research,
using a wider range of problem-solving situations, is needed
if we are to become more precise in our understanding of how
primates understand the causal structure of the world around
them.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0376-6357(97)00076-4},
Key = {fds351966}
}
@article{fds326347,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Call, J and Hare, B},
Title = {Five primate species follow the visual gaze of
conspecifics},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {55},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1063-1069},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1997.0636},
Abstract = {Individuals from five primate species were tested
experimentally for their ability to follow the visual gaze
of conspecifics to an outside object. Subjects were from
captive social groups of chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, sooty
mangabeys, Cercocebus atys torquatus, rhesus macaques,
Macaca mulatta, stumptail macaques, M. arctoides, and
pigtail macaques, M. nemestrina. Experimental trials
consisted of an experimenter inducing one individual to look
at food being displayed, and then observing the reaction of
another individual (the subject) that was looking at that
individual (not the food). Control trials consisted of an
experimenter displaying the food in an identical manner when
the subject was alone. Individuals from all species reliably
followed the gaze of conspecifics, looking to the food about
80% of the time in experimental trials, compared with about
20% of the time in control trials. Results are discussed in
terms of both the proximate mechanisms that might be
involved and the adaptive functions that might be served by
gaze-following.},
Doi = {10.1006/anbe.1997.0636},
Key = {fds326347}
}
@article{fds351967,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Reference: Intending that others jointly
attend},
Journal = {Pragmatics and Cognition},
Volume = {6},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {229-243},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.6.1-2.12tom},
Abstract = {My approach to reference focuses on naturally occuring
processes of communication, and in particular on
children’s earliest referential activities. I begin by
describing three different kinds of child gesture –
ritualizations, deictics, and symbolic gestures – and then
proceed to examine young children’s early word learning.
The account focuses on the joint attentional situations in
which young children learn their earliest gestures and
linguistic symbols and on the social-cognitive and cultural
learning processes involved in the different cases. © 1998
John Benjamins Publishing Company.},
Doi = {10.1075/pc.6.1-2.12tom},
Key = {fds351967}
}
@article{fds351968,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Brooks, PJ},
Title = {Young Children'S earliest transitive and intransitive
constructions},
Journal = {Cognitive Linguistics},
Volume = {9},
Number = {4},
Pages = {379-396},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cogl.1998.9.4.379},
Abstract = {Much of children's early syntactic development can be seen
as the acquisition of sentence-level constructions that
correspond to relatively complex events and states of
affairs. The ctirrent study was an attempt to determine the
relative concreteness (verb-specificity) or abstractness
(verb-generality) of such constructions for children just
beginning to produce large numbers of multi-word utterances.
Sixteen children at 2.0 years of age and sixteen children at
2.5 years of age participated (all English speaking). Each
child was taught two novel verbsfor a highly transitive
action: one in a transitive construction (Ernie is tamming
the car) and one in an intransitive construction (with
patient as subject: The ball is meeking). They were then
given o p rtunities to use their newly learned verbs, in
many cases in discourse situations that encouraged use of
the “opposite” construction (i.e., agentand
patient-focused questions). Results showed that 2.0-year-old
children almost never produced an utterance using a novel
verb in anything other t an the construction in which it had
been modeled. Children at 2.5 years of age were somewhat
more productive, but still the large majority of these
children avoided using the experimental verbs in nonmodeled
constructions. These results suggest that when
English-speaking children produce simple transitive and
intransitive utterances in their spontaneous speech, they
are doing so on a verb-specific basis (verb Island
constructions), schematizing more abstract constructions
only later as they discover patterns that apply across many
such lexically specific constructions. © 1998, Walter de
Gruyter. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1515/cogl.1998.9.4.379},
Key = {fds351968}
}
@article{fds351969,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Response to commentators},
Journal = {Journal of Child Language},
Volume = {25},
Number = {2},
Pages = {485-491},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0305000998003511},
Doi = {10.1017/S0305000998003511},
Key = {fds351969}
}
@article{fds351970,
Author = {Ashley, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Cooperative problem-solving and teaching in
preschoolers},
Journal = {Social Development},
Volume = {7},
Number = {2},
Pages = {143-163},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9507.00059},
Abstract = {The current study investigated the ontogenetic origins of
children's skills of cooperative problem-solving in a task
involving two complementary roles. Participants were peer
dyads of 24, 30, 36, and 42 months of age. Primary dyads
were initially presented with an instrumental problem whose
solution required them to cooperate by coordinating two
complementary actions. To further investigate their
understanding of the task, these same dyads were then
presented with the same problem but with roles reversed.
Finally, after each of these primary participants had
demonstrated proficiency in both roles, each was separately
paired with a naive peer and given the opportunity to teach
the naive partner the task. A clear ontogenetic trend
emerged. Even with adult assistance, 24-month-old children
never became independently proficient at the task.
Thirty-and 36-month-old children became proficient mostly
independently, but only relatively slowly and without
demonstrating extensive amounts of behavioral coordination
or the use of explicitly directive language to facilitate
coordination. Although they did show evidence of recognizing
when a peer was new to the task, children of this age
engaged in little explicit teaching of naive peers. In
contrast, 42-month-old children mastered the task much more
quickly than the other children, responded much more quickly
and accurately when their roles were reversed, coordinated
both their actions and language in the task to a much
greater extent, and engaged in more explicit teaching of
naive peers. Results are discussed in terms of the
developing social cognitive skills that enable children from
2 to 4 years of age to understand other persons as mental
agents with whom they may share mental perspectives.},
Doi = {10.1111/1467-9507.00059},
Key = {fds351970}
}
@article{fds351971,
Author = {Carpenter, M and Akhtar, N and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Fourteen- through 18-month-old infants differentially
imitate intentional and accidental actions},
Journal = {Infant Behavior and Development},
Volume = {21},
Number = {2},
Pages = {315-330},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0163-6383(98)90009-1},
Abstract = {This study explored infants' ability to discriminate
between, and their tendency to reproduce, the accidental and
intentional actions of others. Twenty 14- through
18-month-olds watched an adult perform a series of two-step
actions on objects that made interesting results occur. Some
of the modeled actions were marked vocally as intentional
("There!"), some were marked vocally as accidental
("Woops!"). Following each demonstration, infants were given
a chance to make the result occur themselves. Overall,
infants imitated almost twice as many of the adult's
intentional actions as her accidental ones. Infants before
age 18 months thus may understand something about the
intentions of other persons. This understanding represents
infants' first step toward adult-like social cognition and
underlies their acquisition of language and other cultural
skills. © 1998 Ablex Publishing Corporation.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0163-6383(98)90009-1},
Key = {fds351971}
}
@article{fds351972,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Uniquely primate, uniquely human},
Journal = {Developmental Science},
Volume = {1},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-16},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-7687.00002},
Abstract = {Two hypotheses about primate cognition are proposed. First,
it is proposed that primates, but not other mammals,
understand categories of relations among external entities.
In the physical domain primates have special skills in tasks
such as oddity, transitivity, and relation matching that
require facility with relational categories; in the social
domain primates have special skills in understanding the
third-party social relationships that hold among other
individuals in their groups. Second, it is proposed that
humans, but not other primates, understand the causal and
intentional relations that hold among external entities. In
the physical domain only humans understand causal forces as
mediating the connection between sequentially ordered
events; in the social domain only humans understand the
behavior of others as intentionally directed and controlled
by desired outcomes. Both these uniquely primate and these
uniquely human cognitive skills are hypothesized to have
their origins in adaptations for negotiating complex social
interactions.},
Doi = {10.1111/1467-7687.00002},
Key = {fds351972}
}
@article{fds351973,
Author = {Carpenter, M and Nagell, K and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Social cognition, joint attention, and communicative
competence from 9 to 15 months of age.},
Journal = {Monographs of the Society for Research in Child
Development},
Volume = {63},
Number = {4},
Pages = {i-143},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1166214},
Abstract = {At around 1 year of age, human infants display a number of
new behaviors that seem to indicate a newly emerging
understanding of other persons as intentional beings whose
attention to outside objects may be shared, followed into,
and directed in various ways. These behaviors have mostly
been studied separately. In the current study, we
investigated the most important of these behaviors together
as they emerged in a single group of 24 infants between 9
and 15 months of age. At each of seven monthly visits, we
measured joint attentional engagement, gaze and point
following, imitation of two different kinds of actions on
objects, imperative and declarative gestures, and
comprehension and production of language. We also measured
several nonsocial-cognitive skills as a point of comparison.
We report two studies. The focus of the first study was the
initial emergence of infants' social-cognitive skills and
how these skills are related to one another developmentally.
We found a reliable pattern of emergence: Infants progressed
from sharing to following to directing others' attention and
behavior. The nonsocial skills did not emerge predictably in
this developmental sequence. Furthermore, correlational
analyses showed that the ages of emergence of all pairs of
the social-cognitive skills or their components were
inter-related. The focus of the second study was the social
interaction of infants and their mothers, especially with
regard to their skills of joint attentional engagement
(including mothers' use of language to follow into or direct
infants' attention) and how these skills related to infants'
early communicative competence. Our measures of
communicative competence included not only language
production, as in previous studies, but also language
comprehension and gesture production. It was found that two
measures--the amount of time infants spent in joint
engagement with their mothers and the degree to which
mothers used language that followed into their infant's
focus of attention--predicted infants' earliest skills of
gestural and linguistic communication. Results of the two
studies are discussed in terms of their implications for
theories of social-cognitive development, for theories of
language development, and for theories of the process by
means of which human children become fully participating
members of the cultural activities and processes into which
they are born.},
Doi = {10.2307/1166214},
Key = {fds351973}
}
@article{fds366603,
Author = {Boesch, C and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Chimpanzee and human cultures},
Journal = {Current Anthropology},
Volume = {39},
Number = {5},
Pages = {591-614},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/204785},
Abstract = {Culture has traditionally been attributed only to human
beings. Despite growing evidence of behavioral diversity in
wild chimpanzee populations, most anthropologists and
psychologists still deny culture to this animal species. We
argue here that culture is not monolithic but a set of
processes. These processes show much diversity both in the
social norms and models that determine which individuals
will be exposed to particular cultural variants and what
cultural variants will be present in the population and in
the social learning mechanisms that determine the fidelity
of transmission of the variants over time. Recognition of
the diversity of these processes is important because it
affects cultural dissemination, cultural evolution, and the
complexity of cultural artifacts. A comparison of chimpanzee
and human cultures shows many deep similarities, thus
suggesting that they share evolutionary roots. Two possible
differences between the two species are discussed. First,
thanks to indirect means of transmission such as language,
cultural dissemination is possible over greater stretches of
time and space in humans than in chimpanzees. Second, human
cultures rely more intensively than chimpanzee cultures on
cumulative cultural evolution through the ratchet effect,
which allows the accumulation of modifications over time and
produces more elaborate cultural artifacts. © 1998 by The
Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research. All
rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1086/204785},
Key = {fds366603}
}
@article{fds351974,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Call, J and Gluckman, A},
Title = {Comprehension of novel communicative signs by apes and human
children.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {68},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1067-1080},
Year = {1997},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb01985.x},
Abstract = {Forty-eight young children (2.5 and 3.0 years old) and 9
great apes (6 chimpanzees and 3 orangutans) participated in
a hiding-finding game. An adult human experimenter (the
Hider) hid a reward in 1 of 3 opaque containers aligned on a
wooden plank. Another adult experimenter (the Communicator)
attempted to help the subject find the reward by giving 1 of
3 types of communicative sign: (1) Pointing, for which she
placed her hand directly above the correct container with
index finger oriented down; (2) Marker, for which she placed
a small wooden block on top of the correct container; and
(3) Replica, for which she held up a perceptually identical
duplicate of the correct container. At both ages, children
were above chance in this finding game with all 3 types of
communicative sign, with Pointing being easiest (because
they knew it prior to the experiment), Marker being next
easiest, and Replica being most difficult. In contrast, no
ape was above chance for any of the communicative signs that
it did not know before the experiment (some had been trained
in the use of the marker previously, and one knew pointing),
nor was group performance above chance for any of the signs,
despite the fact that apes experienced three times as many
trials as children on each sign. Our explanation of these
results is that young children understand the communicative
intentions of other persons--although they may have more
difficulty comprehending the exact nature of those
intentions in some cases--whereas apes treat the behavioral
signs of others as predictive cues only (signals). This may
be because apes do not perceive and understand the
communicative intentions of others, at least not in a
human-like way.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb01985.x},
Key = {fds351974}
}
@article{fds351975,
Author = {Akhtar, N and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children's productivity with word order and verb
morphology.},
Journal = {Developmental psychology},
Volume = {33},
Number = {6},
Pages = {952-965},
Year = {1997},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.33.6.952},
Abstract = {Four studies examined English-speaking children's
productivity with word order and verb morphology. Two- and
3-year-olds were taught novel transitive verbs with
experimentally controlled argument structures. The younger
children neither used nor comprehended word order with these
verbs; older children comprehended and used word order
correctly to mark agents and patients of the novel verbs.
Children as young as 2 years 1 month added -ing but not -ed
to verb stems; older children were productive with both
inflections. These studies demonstrate that the present
progressive inflection is used productively before the
regular past tense marker and suggest that productivity with
word order may be independent of developments in verb
morphology. The findings are discussed in terms of M.
Tomasello's (1992a) Verb Island hypothesis and M. Rispoli's
(1991) notion of the mosaic acquisition of grammatical
relations.},
Doi = {10.1037//0012-1649.33.6.952},
Key = {fds351975}
}
@article{fds351976,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Akhtar, N and Dodson, K and Rekau,
L},
Title = {Differential productivity in young children's use of nouns
and verbs.},
Journal = {Journal of child language},
Volume = {24},
Number = {2},
Pages = {373-387},
Year = {1997},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000997003085},
Abstract = {A fundamental question of child language acquisition is
children's productivity with newly learned forms. The
current study addressed this question experimentally with
children just beginning to combine words. Ten children
between 1;6 and 1;11 were taught four new words, two nouns
and two verbs, over multiple sessions. All four words were
modelled in minimal syntactic contexts. The experimenter
gave children multiple opportunities to produce the words
and made attempts to elicit morphological endings (plural
for nouns, past tense for verbs). Overall, children combined
the novel nouns productively with already known words much
more often than they did the novel verbs-by many orders of
magnitude. Several children also pluralized a newly learned
noun, whereas none of them formed a past tense with a newly
learned verb. A follow-up study using a slightly different
methodology confirmed the finding of limited syntactic
productivity with verbs. Hypotheses accounting for this
asymmetry in the early use of nouns and verbs are
discussed.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0305000997003085},
Key = {fds351976}
}
@article{fds351977,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Camaioni, L},
Title = {A comparison of the gestural communication of apes and human
infants;},
Journal = {Human Development},
Volume = {40},
Number = {1},
Pages = {7-24},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000278540},
Abstract = {The naturally occurring gestures of chimpanzees and
prelinguistic human infants are compared. Considered as
special cases are apes raised by humans as they gesture to
humans, and children with autism. Overall, the most
important differences between the gestures of typically
developing children and the gestures of individuals from the
other three groups concern: (1) their predominant use of
triadic, distal gestures; (2) their extensive use of
declarative gestures, and (3) their use of imitative
learning in acquiring some gestures (symbolic or
referential), which implies that the gestures are understood
as bi-directional communicative conventions. These
differences all derive from the uniquely human form of
social cognition (i.e., knowledge of other minds) that first
emerges during the 2nd year of life and that enables human
infants to understand other persons as intentional agents
with whom they may share experience. Implications for the
origins and evolution of human culture and language are
discussed. © 1997 S. Karger AG, Basel.},
Doi = {10.1159/000278540},
Key = {fds351977}
}
@article{fds351978,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Strosberg, R and Akhtar, N},
Title = {Eighteen-month-old children learn words in non-ostensive
contexts.},
Journal = {Journal of child language},
Volume = {23},
Number = {1},
Pages = {157-176},
Year = {1996},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900010138},
Abstract = {Previous studies have demonstrated that children aged 2;0
can learn new words in a variety of non-ostensive contexts.
The current two studies were aimed at seeing if this was
also true of children just beginning to learn words at 1;6.
In the first study an adult interacted with 48 children. She
used a nonce word to announce her intention to find an
object ('Let's find the gazzer'), picked up and rejected an
object with obvious disappointment, and then gleefully found
the target object (using no language). Children learned the
new word as well in this condition as in a condition in
which the adult found the object immediately. In the second
study the adult first played several rounds of a finding
game with each of 60 children, in which it was first
established that one of several novel objects was always in
a very distinctive hiding place (a toy barn). The adult then
used a nonce word to announce her intention to find an
object ('Let's find the toma') and then proceeded to the
barn. In the key condition the barn was mysteriously
'locked'; the child thus never saw the target object after
the nonce word was introduced. Children learned the new word
as well in this condition as in a condition in which the
adult found the object immediately. The results of these two
studies suggest that from very early in language acquisition
children learn words not through passive, associative
processes, but rather through active attempts to understand
adult behaviour in a variety of action and discourse
contexts.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0305000900010138},
Key = {fds351978}
}
@article{fds351979,
Author = {Akhtar, N and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Two-year-olds learn words for absent objects and
actions},
Journal = {British Journal of Developmental Psychology},
Volume = {14},
Number = {1},
Pages = {79-93},
Year = {1996},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-835x.1996.tb00695.x},
Abstract = {Two studies of word learning in 24-month-old children are
reported, one involving an object word (Study 1) and one
involving an action word (Study 2). In both studies,
non-verbal scripts of playing with novel objects/actions in
particular ways were established before the child was
exposed to any language models. Following this pre-training,
children heard an experimenter announce her intention to
either find an object or perform an action. In the referent
condition, children then saw the intended referent (object
or action) immediately after hearing the language model.
Children in the absent referent condition experienced the
same non-verbal scripts and language models, but never saw
the referent object or action after hearing the language
model: at the appropriate juncture in the script they were
told that the toy barn in which the target object had been
previously located was 'locked', or that the toy character
who had previously performed the target action was missing.
Comparisons with two control conditions indicated that
children were able to learn words for a novel object and a
novel action in both the referent and absent referent
conditions and, moreover, that learning was equivalent in
these two conditions. These results show quite clearly that
early lexical acquisition does not depend on temporal
contiguity between word and referent - or indeed any
perceptual pairing between word and referent at all - but
rather it relies on children's active understandings of a
speaker's referential intentions in particular discourse
contexts.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.2044-835x.1996.tb00695.x},
Key = {fds351979}
}
@article{fds351980,
Author = {Akhtar, N and Carpenter, M and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The Role of Discourse Novelty in Early Word
Learning},
Journal = {Child Development},
Volume = {67},
Number = {2},
Pages = {635-645},
Year = {1996},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01756.x},
Abstract = {2 studies of word learning are reported. In Study 1,
24-month-old children and 2 adults played with 3 nameless
objects. These objects were placed in a clear box along with
a novel nameless object. The adults then displayed
excitement about the contents of the box and modeled a new
word. Comparison with a control condition indicated
significant learning of the new word for the novel object.
Study 2 followed the same procedure with one difference; the
children played with the novel object while the adults were
absent. Thus, at the time of the language model the target
object was novel only to the adults, not to the children.
Again subjects displayed significant learning of the new
word. This last finding suggests that 24-month-old children
understand that adults use language for things that are
novel to the discourse context and that this novelty is
determined from the speaker's point of view.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01756.x},
Key = {fds351980}
}
@article{fds351981,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {The child's contribution to culture: A commentary on
Toomela},
Journal = {Culture and Psychology},
Volume = {2},
Number = {3},
Pages = {307-318},
Year = {1996},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354067X9600200306},
Abstract = {Toomela (1996) has emphasized the psychological dimensions
of the process by which human children become participants
in cultures. I support his arguments with observations of
chimpanzees, which are similar to humans in some ways but
still do not live culturally, and of human infants both
before and after they have the capacity to participate fully
in cultural activities. Toomela also proposes a new account
of the process of internalization in which language plays
the central role. I disagree somewhat with this account,
arguing that whereas language is the most powerful human
artifact potentiating internalization, other artifacts -
both material and symbolic - may serve the same function if
children are introduced to them in social interactions in
which others have intentions toward their intentional states
- and they know this. The central theoretical point of
Toomela's paper is that a comprehensive account of the human
species as a cultural species must focus not only on the
cultural collective, but also on individuals and their
psychological capacities.},
Doi = {10.1177/1354067X9600200306},
Key = {fds351981}
}
@article{fds351982,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Piagetian and Vygotskian Approaches to Language
Acquisition},
Journal = {Human Development},
Volume = {39},
Number = {5},
Pages = {269-276},
Year = {1996},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000278478},
Abstract = {Both Piaget and Vygotsky were centrally concerned with the
ontogenetic relationships between language, cognition, and
social life. Recently, researchers have drawn on their
observations and hypotheses to establish much closer links
between these phenomena than either theorist ever imagined.
In investigating the cognitive bases of early language, very
close links have been established between specific cognitive
achievements and the acquisition of certain types of early
words, for example between object permanence development and
the acquisition of words for disappearance and between means
ends development and the acquisition of words for
success/failure. In investigating the social bases of early
language, close links have been established between the
quantity and quality of joint attentional social
interactions in which a child and an adult engage and the
child’s early word learning skills. Despite their seminal
contributions to the study of early language development
along these two lines, neither Piaget nor Vygotsky fully
appreciated the skills of social cognition that underlie the
acqusition of language. © 1996 S. Karger AG,
Basel.},
Doi = {10.1159/000278478},
Key = {fds351982}
}
@article{fds351983,
Author = {Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Use of social information in the problem solving of
orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) and human children (Homo
sapiens).},
Journal = {Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. :
1983)},
Volume = {109},
Number = {3},
Pages = {308-320},
Year = {1995},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.109.3.308},
Abstract = {Fourteen juvenile and adult orangutans and 24 3- and
4-year-old children participated in 4 studies on imitative
learning in a problem-solving situation. In all studies a
simple to operate apparatus was used, but its internal
mechanism was hidden from subjects to prevent individual
learning. In the 1st study, orangutans observed a human
demonstrator perform 1 of 4 actions on the apparatus and
obtain a reward; they subsequently showed no signs of
imitative learning. Similar results were obtained in a 2nd
study in which orangutan demonstrators were used. Similar
results were also obtained in a 3rd study in which a human
encouraged imitation from an orangutan that had previously
been taught to mimic arbitrary human actions. In a 4th
study, human 3- and 4-year-old children learned the task by
means of imitation.},
Doi = {10.1037/0735-7036.109.3.308},
Key = {fds351983}
}
@article{fds351984,
Author = {Carpenter, M and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Joint Attention and Imitative Learning in Children,
Chimpanzees, and Enculturated Chimpanzees},
Journal = {Social Development},
Volume = {4},
Number = {3},
Pages = {217-237},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.1995.tb00063.x},
Abstract = {In this study we compared the nature of the joint
attentional interactions that occurred as chimpanzees and
human children engaged with a human experimenter (E).
Subjects were three chimpanzees raised mostly with
conspecifics (mother‐reared), three chimpanzees raised in
a human‐like cultural environment (encultur‐ated), and
six 18‐month‐old human children. Of particular interest
were possible differences between the two groups of
chimpanzees that might have resulted from their different
ontogenetic histories. Observations were made as subjects
participated in an imitative learning task involving a
number of novel objects. Variables coded were such things as
subjects' looks to the object, looks to E, the coordination
of such looks in periods of joint engagement with E, and
gestural attempts to direct E's attention or behavior
(declaratives and imperatives). Results showed that
encultur‐ated chimpanzees were most similar to human
children in social interactions involv‐ing objects, for
example, in their attention to the object in compliance with
E's request, their joint attentional interactions during
less structured periods, and their use of declarative
gestures to direct E's attention to objects. They were not
similar to children, but rather resembled their
mother‐reared conspecifics, in the duration of their looks
to E's face. A positive relation between subjects' joint
attentional skills and their imitative learning skills was
found for both chimpanzee and human sub‐jects. It is
concluded that a human‐like sociocultural environment is
an essential component in the development of human‐like
social‐cognitive and joint attentional skills for
chimpanzees, and perhaps for human beings as well Copyright
© 1995, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9507.1995.tb00063.x},
Key = {fds351984}
}
@article{fds351985,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Commentary},
Journal = {Human Development},
Volume = {38},
Number = {1},
Pages = {46-52},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000278298},
Doi = {10.1159/000278298},
Key = {fds351985}
}
@article{fds351986,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Akhtar, N},
Title = {Two-year-olds use pragmatic cues to differentiate reference
to objects and actions},
Journal = {Cognitive Development},
Volume = {10},
Number = {2},
Pages = {201-224},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0885-2014(95)90009-8},
Abstract = {Previous studies have found that children can use
social-pragmatic cues to determine "which one" of several
objects or "which one' of several actions an adult intends
to indicate with a novel word. The current studies attempted
to determine whether children can also use such cues to
determine "what kind" of referent, object, or action, an
adult intends to indicate. In the first study, 27-month-old
children heard an adult use a nonce word in conjunction with
a nameless object while it was engaged in a nameless action.
The discourse situation leading into this naming event was
manipulated so that in one condition the target action was
the one new element in the discourse context at the time of
the naming event, and in another condition the target object
was the one new element. Results showed that children
learned the new word for whichever element was new to the
discourse context. The second study followed this same
general method, but in this case children in one condition
watched as an adult engaged in preparatory behaviors that
indicated her desire that the child perform the action
before she produced the novel word, whereas children in
another condition saw no such preparation. Results showed
that children who saw the action preparation learned the new
word for the action, whereas children who saw no preparation
learned the new word for the object. These two studies
demonstrate the important role of social-pragmatic
information in early word learning, and suggest that if
there is a Whole Object assumption in early lexical
acquisition, it is an assumption that may be very easily
overridden. © 1995.},
Doi = {10.1016/0885-2014(95)90009-8},
Key = {fds351986}
}
@article{fds351987,
Author = {Byrnl, RW and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Do rats ape?},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {50},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1417-1420},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(95)80056-5},
Doi = {10.1016/0003-3472(95)80056-5},
Key = {fds351987}
}
@misc{fds351988,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Understanding the self as social agent},
Volume = {112},
Pages = {449-460},
Booktitle = {Advances in Psychology},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4115(05)80024-X},
Abstract = {This chapter discusses the early development of the
understanding of self as social agent in the human species,
and briefly discusses its ontogenetic and phylogenetic
origins. The chapter outlines the canonical developmental
sequence, focusing especially on the social-cognitive
revolution that occurs at around the infant's first
birthday. The chapter also focuses on the early ontogeny of
self and investigates in more detail the ontogenetic
processes that might lead to the social-cognitive
revolution. The process of understanding one's self as a
social agent involves: 1) an early identification with but
differentiation from others in the first 6–8 months of
life; 2) a clear demonstration of intentionality toward the
world in one's own behavior; 3) the combination of these two
developments leading to an understanding of others as
intentional agents at 9–12 months; and 4) the application
of that understanding when others regard the self. This is
the developmental foundation for the uniquely human version
of self-concept in which the self is understood as a social
agent in the midst of other social agents, all of whom are
regarding one another simultaneously. © 1995 Elsevier
B.V.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0166-4115(05)80024-X},
Key = {fds351988}
}
@article{fds351989,
Author = {Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Production and comprehension of referential pointing by
orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus).},
Journal = {Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. :
1983)},
Volume = {108},
Number = {4},
Pages = {307-317},
Year = {1994},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.108.4.307},
Abstract = {We report 3 studies of the referential pointing of 2
orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). Chantek was raised in an
enculturated environment; Puti, raised in a nursery, had a
more typical captive life. In Experiment 1, flexibility of
pointing behavior was investigated by requiring subjects to
point in novel circumstances (for an out-of-sight tool, not
food). In Experiment 2, we investigated the orangutans'
comprehension of the significance of a human point in
helping them to locate food. In Experiment 3, we
investigated whether these pointing subjects comprehended
that a human recipient must be looking for the point to
achieve its attention-directing goal. In all experiments the
enculturated orangutan showed better understanding of
pointing than the captive orangutan. This finding is
consistent with recent studies that have found differences
in the cognitive and social-cognitive abilities of apes that
have had different types of experience with
humans.},
Doi = {10.1037/0735-7036.108.4.307},
Key = {fds351989}
}
@article{fds351990,
Author = {Call, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The social learning of tool use by orangutans (Pongo
pygmaeus)},
Journal = {Human Evolution},
Volume = {9},
Number = {4},
Pages = {297-313},
Year = {1994},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02435516},
Abstract = {Very little is known about the social learning of orangutans
(Pongo pygmaeus), especially in the context of
problem-solving situations such as tool use. Sixteen
orangutans were presented with a rake-like tool and
desirable but out-of-reach food. Eight subjects observed a
human demonstrator use the tool in one way, while another
eight observed the demonstrator use the tool in another way.
Subjects behaved identically in the two experimental
conditions, showing no effect of the type of demonstration
observed. Analysis of individual learning curves suggested
that a large component of individual trial-and-error
learning was at work, even for two subjects who received
additional trials with an orangutan demonstrator. This
pattern of results suggests that subjects were paying
attention to the general functional relations in the task
and to the results obtained by the demonstrator, but not to
the actual methods of tool use demonstrated. It is concluded
that subjects in both conditions were employing emulation
learning, not imitative learning. © 1994 International
Institute for the Study of Man.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF02435516},
Key = {fds351990}
}
@article{fds351991,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Mervis, CB},
Title = {THE INSTRUMENT IS GREAT, BUT MEASURING COMPREHENSION IS
STILL A PROBLEM},
Journal = {Monographs of the Society for Research in Child
Development},
Volume = {59},
Number = {5},
Pages = {174-179},
Year = {1994},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5834.1994.tb00186.x},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5834.1994.tb00186.x},
Key = {fds351991}
}
@article{fds351992,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Kruger, AC and Ratner, HH},
Title = {The role of emotions in cultural learning},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
Volume = {17},
Number = {4},
Pages = {782-784},
Year = {1994},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00037195},
Doi = {10.1017/S0140525X00037195},
Key = {fds351992}
}
@article{fds351993,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Call, J and Nagell, K and Olguin, R and Carpenter,
M},
Title = {The learning and use of gestural signals by young
chimpanzees: A trans-generational study},
Journal = {Primates},
Volume = {35},
Number = {2},
Pages = {137-154},
Year = {1994},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382050},
Abstract = {Observations of chimpanzee gestural communication are
reported. The observations represent the third longitudinal
time point of an ongoing study of the Yerkes Primate Center
Field Station chimpanzee group. In contrast to observations
at the first two time points, the current observations are
of a new generation of infants and juveniles. There were two
questions. The first concerned how young chimpanzees used
their gestures, with special focus on the flexibility or
intentionality displayed. It was found that youngsters quite
often used the same gesture in different contexts, and
different gestures in the same context. In addition, they
sometimes used gestures in combinations in a single social
encounter, these combinations did not convey intentions that
could not be conveyed by the component gestures, however. It
was also found that individuals adjusted their choice of
signals depending on the attentional state of the recipient.
The second question was how chimpanzees acquired their
gestural signals. In general, it was found that there was
little consistency in the use of gestures among individuals,
especially for non-play gestures, with much individual
variability both within and across generations. There were
also a number of idiosyncratic gestures used by single
individuals at each time point. It was concluded from these
results that youngsters were not imitatively learning their
communicatory gestures from conspecifics, but rather that
they were individually conventionalizing them with each
other. Implications of these findings for the understanding
of chimpanzee communication and social learning are
discussed. © 1994 Japan Monkey Centre.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF02382050},
Key = {fds351993}
}
@article{fds351994,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Barton, M},
Title = {Learning Words in Nonostensive Contexts},
Journal = {Developmental Psychology},
Volume = {30},
Number = {5},
Pages = {639-650},
Year = {1994},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.30.5.639},
Abstract = {Four word learning studies with 24-month-old children are
reported. In Studies 1 and 2, an adult used a novel word to
announce her intention to perform an action or to find an
object. It was found that a knowledge of what action or
object was impending-established through scripted events
before the word's introduction-was not necessary for
children to learn the words. Studies 3 and 4 focused on what
word learning cues children might be using in these
contexts. In Study 3, it was found that children learned a
novel verb for an intentional and not an accidental action.
In Study 4, it was found that children learned a novel noun
for an object the adult was searching for, not ones she had
rejected while searching. Because none of the best-known
constraints on lexical acquisition could have helped them in
these contexts, it was concluded that children were relying
on social-pragmatic cues to learn the new
words.},
Doi = {10.1037/0012-1649.30.5.639},
Key = {fds351994}
}
@article{fds366604,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Call, J},
Title = {Social cognition of monkeys and apes},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {37},
Number = {19 S},
Pages = {273-305},
Year = {1994},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330370610},
Abstract = {This paper reviews what is known about the social cognition
of monkeys and great apes. The literature reviewed is
divided into three main content areas: (1) social
interaction, including knowledge of individuals, knowledge
of social relationships, alliance formation, and
cooperation; (2) communication, including alarm calls, calls
for recruiting allies, gestures, and the “language”
skills of human‐raised apes; and (3) social learning,
including the “cultural transmission” of
food‐preparation behaviors, the social learning of tool
use, and the social learning of vocal and gestural
communication. Contrary to the hypotheses of a number of
recent investigators, we find no compelling differences in
the social cognition of monkeys and great apes. It is
possible that differences in the social behavior of these
two classes of primate are due to processes of nonsocial
cognition, and it is possible that the social behavior of
apes is more strongly influenced by human interaction and
training.© 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Copyright © 1994
Wiley‐Liss, Inc., A Wiley Company},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330370610},
Key = {fds366604}
}
@article{fds351995,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Savage-Rumbaugh, S and Kruger,
AC},
Title = {Imitative learning of actions on objects by children,
chimpanzees, and enculturated chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {64},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1688-1705},
Year = {1993},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb04207.x},
Abstract = {In this study we compared the abilities of chimpanzees and
human children to imitatively learn novel actions on
objects. Of particular interest were possible differences
between chimpanzees raised mostly with conspecifics
(mother-reared) and chimpanzees raised in a human-like
cultural environment (enculturated). Subjects were thus 3
enculturated and 3 mother-reared chimpanzees, along with 8
18-month-old and 8 30-month-old human children. Each subject
was tested over a 2-day period with 16 novel objects. The
introduction of each object was preceded by a baseline
period in which the subject's natural proclivities toward
the object were determined. For 12 objects, a human
experimenter demonstrated first a simple and then a complex
novel action, instructing the subject in each case to "Do
what I do" (chimpanzees were prepared for the task
behaviorally as well). For the other 4 objects,
demonstration of a single action took place on the first day
and the subject's opportunity to imitate was delayed until
the second day, 48 hours later. Actions that a subject
produced in baseline were excluded from further analysis.
For each analyzed action, the subject's behavior was scored
as to whether it successfully reproduced (1) the end result
of the demonstrated action, and (2) the behavioral means
used by the demonstrator. Results showed that in immediate
imitation the mother-reared chimpanzees were much poorer
imitators than the enculturated chimpanzees and the human
children, who did not differ from one another. Surprisingly,
on the delay trials, the enculturated chimpanzees
significantly outperformed the other 3 groups. We conclude
from these results that a human-like sociocultural
environment is an essential component in the development of
human-like social-cognitive and imitative learning skills
for chimpanzees, and perhaps for human beings as
well.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb04207.x},
Key = {fds351995}
}
@article{fds351996,
Author = {Nagell, K and Olguin, RS and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Processes of social learning in the tool use of chimpanzees
(Pan troglodytes) and human children (Homo
sapiens).},
Journal = {Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. :
1983)},
Volume = {107},
Number = {2},
Pages = {174-186},
Year = {1993},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.107.2.174},
Abstract = {Common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and 2-year-old human
children (Homo sapiens) were presented with a rakelike tool
and a desirable but out-of-reach object. One group of
subjects observed a human demonstrator use the tool in one
way, and another group observed a demonstrator use the tool
in another way. Children in both cases did what the model
did. Chimpanzee subjects, however, behaved identically in
the 2 model conditions. Both groups performed better than
subjects who saw no demonstration. This pattern of results
suggest that the chimpanzees were paying attention to the
general functional relations in the task and to the results
obtained by the demonstrator but not to the actual methods
of tool use demonstrated. Human children were focused on the
demonstrator's actual methods of tool use (her behavior).
The different social learning processes used by the 2
species have implications for their different forms of
social organization.},
Doi = {10.1037/0735-7036.107.2.174},
Key = {fds351996}
}
@article{fds351997,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {It's imitation, not mimesis},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
Volume = {16},
Number = {4},
Pages = {771-772},
Year = {1993},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00032921},
Doi = {10.1017/S0140525X00032921},
Key = {fds351997}
}
@article{fds351998,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Olguin, R},
Title = {Twenty-three-month-old children have a grammatical category
of noun},
Journal = {Cognitive Development},
Volume = {8},
Number = {4},
Pages = {451-464},
Year = {1993},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0885-2014(05)80004-8},
Abstract = {This study investigated experimentally the nature and
development of children's early productivity with nouns,
both in verb-argument structure and with plural morphology.
Eight 20- to 26-month-old boys and girls were, in the
context of playing a game over a several week period,
exposed to four novel nouns, modeled in experimentally
controlled ways. The question was whether, when, and in what
ways the children would become productive with these nouns
in their spontaneous speech, going beyond the particular
linguistic forms they had heard. In terms of verb-argument
structure, 7 of the 8 children used their nouns in
productive argument roles, that is, in semantic roles they
had not heard them used in. Five of the 8 children used the
plural morpheme productively with the novel nouns as well.
Implications for theories of grammatical category formation
are discussed. © 1993, Ablex Publishing Corporation, 355
Chestnut Street, Norwood, New Jersey 07648. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0885-2014(05)80004-8},
Key = {fds351998}
}
@article{fds351999,
Author = {Olguin, R and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Twenty-five-month-old children do not have a grammatical
category of verb},
Journal = {Cognitive Development},
Volume = {8},
Number = {3},
Pages = {245-272},
Year = {1993},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0885-2014(93)80001-A},
Abstract = {This study investigated experimentally the nature and
development of children's early productivity with
verb-argument structure and verb morphology. Twenty-two to
25-month-old boys and girls were, in the context of playing
a game over a several week period, exposed to eight novel
verbs modeled with experimentally controlled argument
structures and verb inflections. The question was whether,
when, and in what ways the children would become productive
with these verbs in their spontaneous speech, going beyond
the particular linguistic forms they had heard. In terms of
verb-argument structure, the results showed that children
most often followed the surface structure of the model,
regardless of the argument they were trying to express.
Thus, when children had heard an argument expressed for a
verb, they almost always marked that argument correctly in
their own utterances; when they had not heard an argument
expressed for a particular verb, their correct marking
dropped to chance levels. The children showed no signs of
productive verb morphology, but they did use the newly
learned verbs in some creative ways involving noun-like uses
and the appending of locatives. Results are discussed in
terms of Tomasello's (1992) Verb Island hypothesis. © 1993
Ablex Publishing Corporation.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0885-2014(93)80001-A},
Key = {fds351999}
}
@article{fds352000,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Kruger, AC and Ratner, HH},
Title = {Cultural learning},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
Volume = {16},
Number = {3},
Pages = {495-552},
Year = {1993},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x0003123x},
Abstract = {This target article presents a theory of human cultural
learning. Cultural learning is identified with those
instances of social learning in which intersubjectivity or
perspective-taking plays a vital role, both in the original
learning process and in the resulting cognitive product.
Cultural learning manifests itself in three forms during
human ontogeny: imitative learning, instructed learning, and
collaborative learning - in that order. Evidence is provided
that this progression arises from the developmental ordering
of the underlying social-cognitive concepts and processes
involved. Imitative learning relies on a concept of
intentional agent and involves simple perspective-taking.
Instructed learning relies on a concept of mental agent and
involves alternating/coordinated perspective-taking
(intersubjectivity). Collaborative learning relies on a
concept of reflective agent and involves integrated
perspective-taking reflective intersubjectivity). A
comparison of normal children, autistic children and wild
and enculturated chimpanzees provides further evidence for
these correlations between social cognition and cultural
learning. Cultural learning is a uniquely human form of
social learning that allows for a fidelity of transmission
of behaviors and information among conspecifics not possible
in other forms of social learning, thereby providing the
psychological basis for cultural evolution.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0140525x0003123x},
Key = {fds352000}
}
@article{fds352001,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Kruger, AC},
Title = {Joint attention on actions: acquiring verbs in ostensive and
non-ostensive contexts.},
Journal = {Journal of child language},
Volume = {19},
Number = {2},
Pages = {311-333},
Year = {1992},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900011430},
Abstract = {Two studies of verb learning are reported. The focus of both
studies was on children in their second year of life
learning verbs in various pragmatic contexts. Of particular
interest was the comparison of ostensive contexts--in which
word and referent were simultaneously present in the child's
perceptual field--to non-ostensive contexts. In a
naturalistic study of 24 children at 1;3 and 1;9, it was
found that mothers modelled verbs for their children most
often BEFORE the referent action actually occurred. Over 60%
of maternal verbs were used to refer to actions that mothers
wished children to perform or that they were anticipating
their performing (IMPENDING actions). Some verbs were also
used to refer to current actions (ONGOING actions) or
actions that had just been completed (COMPLETED actions).
Children responded with comprehension most often to
impending models. Impending and completed models, but not
ongoing models, were correlated with children's verb
vocabularies at 1;9. The second study was a lexical training
study of 48 two-year-olds. Children learned to produce a
novel verb best when it was modelled in the impending
condition. They learned to comprehend it equally well in the
impending and completed conditions. Children showed no signs
of superior learning in the ostensive (ongoing) learning
context. Results of the two studies are discussed in terms
of the different learning processes involved in acquiring
nouns and verbs, and, more broadly, in terms of a
social-pragmatic view of language acquisition in which the
ostensive teaching paradigm is but one of many contexts in
which children learn to establish a joint attentional focus
with mature language users.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0305000900011430},
Key = {fds352001}
}
@article{fds352002,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {The social bases of language acquisition},
Journal = {Social Development},
Volume = {1},
Number = {1},
Pages = {67-87},
Year = {1992},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.1992.tb00135.x},
Abstract = {A language is composed of conventional symbols shaped by
their social‐communicative functions. Children acquire
these symbols, both lexical and syntactic, in the context of
culturally constituted event structures that make salient
these functions. In the acquisition process children rely on
cultural learning skills (i.e., imitative learning). These
skills emanate from their ability to participate
intersubjectively with adults in cultural activities (i.e.,
joint attention), which underlies their ability to
understand the ways adults are using particular pieces of
language. The development of communicative competence as a
whole, including not only lexical and syntactic skills but
also various pragmatic skills, depends largely on feedback
about communicative efficacy that children receive from
different interactants. This feedback is used by children to
make further inferences about the conventional functional
significance of particular linguistic expressions. This
social‐pragmatic view of language acquisition obviates the
need for a priori, specifically linguistic, format
constraints on the language acquisition process. Copyright
© 1992, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9507.1992.tb00135.x},
Key = {fds352002}
}
@article{fds352003,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Author's response: On defining language: Replies to Shatz
and Ninio},
Journal = {Social Development},
Volume = {1},
Number = {2},
Pages = {159-162},
Year = {1992},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.1992.tb00121.x},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9507.1992.tb00121.x},
Key = {fds352003}
}
@article{fds352004,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Cognitive ethology comes of age},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
Volume = {15},
Number = {1},
Pages = {168-169},
Year = {1992},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00068163},
Doi = {10.1017/S0140525X00068163},
Key = {fds352004}
}
@article{fds352005,
Author = {SECULES, T and HERRON, C and TOMASELLO, M},
Title = {The Effect of Video Context on Foreign Language
Learning},
Journal = {The Modern Language Journal},
Volume = {76},
Number = {4},
Pages = {480-490},
Year = {1992},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1992.tb05396.x},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-4781.1992.tb05396.x},
Key = {fds352005}
}
@article{fds352006,
Author = {Mannle, S and Barton, M and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Two-year-olds' conversations with their mothers and
preschool-aged siblings},
Journal = {First Language},
Volume = {12},
Number = {34},
Pages = {57-71},
Year = {1992},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014272379201203404},
Abstract = {The pragmatics of sibling-infant and mother-infant
conversations were compared. Sixteen children, 22 to 26
months of age, were videotaped for 15 minutes in dyadic
interaction with their mothers and for 15 minutes in dyadic
interaction with their preschool-aged siblings.
Sibling-infant and mother-infant conversations were compared
on three dimensions: quantitative characteristics,
conversational style and conversational repair of potential
breakdowns. Compared with mothers and infants, siblings and
infants talked less and had shorter conversations. On an
individual level, siblings asked fewer questions of the
infants and issued more directives to them than did the
mothers. Moreover, siblings failed to repair disruptions in
conversations almost twice as often as mothers. The infants'
conversational behaviours, however, did not differ when
interacting with the siblings as opposed to the mothers.
These results indicate that preschool-aged siblings are not
yet adept at making the kinds of pragmatic adjustments in
their speech that scaffold infants in their early
conversational interactions. It is suggested that the
experience later- born infants have with less responsive
siblings may be valuable preparation for interacting with
strangers, especially peers, who share many characteristics
with siblings. © 1992, Sage Publications. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1177/014272379201203404},
Key = {fds352006}
}
@article{fds352007,
Author = {Barton, ME and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Joint Attention and Conversation in Mother‐Infant‐Sibling
Triads},
Journal = {Child Development},
Volume = {62},
Number = {3},
Pages = {517-529},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01548.x},
Abstract = {The current study investigated the general nature of joint
attentional and conversational interaction in
mother‐infant‐sibling triads. 9 19‐month‐old infants
and 9 24‐month‐old infants were videotaped during 20 min
of free play with their mothers and preschool‐aged
siblings around a common activity. Analyses revealed that
even 19‐month‐old infants were capable of participating
in triadic interactions and conversations, and that the
proportional frequency of both these measures increased with
age. Triadic conversations were nearly 3 times longer and
elicited nearly twice as many infant turns per conversation
as dyadic conversations. Infants were more likely to join
into an ongoing conversational topic than to initiate one
themselves, and they were more likely to take a turn in
those conversations if they were in a joint attentional
state with the speaker. Infants were just as likely to
respond to a comment or request directed to another person
as they were to one directed to themselves, indicating
reliable comprehension of language not addressed to them.
These results suggest that the mother‐infant‐sibling
interactive context differs in important ways from the
mother‐infant dyadic context and that it is a richer
language learning environment than previously supposed.
Copyright © 1991, Wiley Blackwell. All rights
reserved},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01548.x},
Key = {fds352007}
}
@article{fds352008,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Objects are analogous to words, not phonemes or grammatical
categories},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
Volume = {14},
Number = {4},
Pages = {575-576},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00071466},
Doi = {10.1017/S0140525X00071466},
Key = {fds352008}
}
@article{fds352009,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Herron, C},
Title = {A Reply to Beck and Eubank},
Journal = {Studies in Second Language Acquisition},
Volume = {13},
Number = {4},
Pages = {513-517},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0272263100010317},
Abstract = {Beck and Eubank (1991) criticize our recent SSLA article
(Tomasello & Herron, 1989) on both theoretical and
methodological grounds. While we appreciate their attempt to
discuss and clarify important issues—and while they do
make several sound and very interesting points—in a number
of cases they seriously misrepresent our study. We will
attempt to address the criticisms in roughly the order in
which they were raised. © 1991, Cambridge University Press.
All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0272263100010317},
Key = {fds352009}
}
@article{fds352010,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Conti-Ramsden, G and Ewert, B},
Title = {Young children's conversations with their mothers and
fathers: differences in breakdown and repair.},
Journal = {Journal of child language},
Volume = {17},
Number = {1},
Pages = {115-130},
Year = {1990},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900013131},
Abstract = {In this study we compared the conversations of mothers and
fathers with their children at 1; 3 and 1; 9, with special
attention to breakdown-repair sequences. We found that,
overall, children and secondary caregiver fathers
experienced more communicative breakdowns than did children
and primary caregiver mothers. More specifically, fathers
requested clarification of their children more often than
did mothers, and they most often used a non-specific query
(e.g. What?). Mothers used more specific queries (e.g. Put
it where?) and were involved in more 'looped' sequences
involving multiple requests for clarification. Fathers also
failed to acknowledge child utterances more often than did
mothers. After a father non-acknowledgement, children tended
not to persist and when they did they often received further
non-acknowledgements; the dyad did not often return to the
child's original topic. After a maternal
non-acknowledgement, on the other hand, children persisted
and the dyad more often returned to its previous topic. The
results are interpreted as support for the Bridge Hypothesis
which claims that fathers present children with
communicative challenges that help prepare them for
communication with less familiar adults.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0305000900013131},
Key = {fds352010}
}
@article{fds366605,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Gust, DA and Evans, A},
Title = {Peer interaction in infant chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Folia primatologica; international journal of
primatology},
Volume = {55},
Number = {1},
Pages = {33-40},
Year = {1990},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000156495},
Abstract = {The peer interactions of 6 infant chimpanzees (Pan
troglodytes) ranging in age from 18 to 50 months were
observed in a seminatural context. The infants and their
mothers lived as members of a captive social group at the
Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center. An analysis of
contact initiations between infants indicated that the most
preferred peer interactant was the youngest and the least
preferred was the oldest infant. Infants also initiated more
interactions with the offspring of adults that had the
closest relationships with both themselves and their
mothers. These results indicate that a number of factors may
influence the peer affiliations of infant chimpanzees,
including the age of the infant and the mother's social
relationships.},
Doi = {10.1159/000156495},
Key = {fds366605}
}
@article{fds352011,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Herron, C},
Title = {Feedback for language transfer errors the garden path
technique},
Journal = {Studies in Second Language Acquisition},
Volume = {11},
Number = {4},
Pages = {385-395},
Year = {1989},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0272263100008408},
Abstract = {In this study we compared two methods for correcting
language transfer errors in the foreign language classroom.
Thirty-two English-speaking college students enrolled in two
sections of an introductory French course served as
subjects. Eight commonly encountered English-to-French
transfer errors were identified and randomly assigned to one
of two teaching conditions for one class section; each error
was assigned to the opposite condition for the other
section. In both teaching conditions students began by
translating English sentences into French. The sentences
were such that an L1 (first language) transfer strategy
produced correct translations (e.g., using savoir for some
uses of “to know”). A sentence for which the transfer
would not produce an adequate translation (e.g., a sentence
requiring connaître) was then introduced in one of two
ways. In one condition—what we have termed the Garden Path
condition—students were given the new sentence and asked
to translate as before. Their inevitable transfer error was
then immediately corrected by the teacher. In the control
condition students were simply given the correct French form
and told that it differed from the English pattern (they
were not given the opportunity to commit a transfer error).
Student learning of the non-transferable form was assessed
three times throughout the course of the semester, and at
all time points performance was better in the Garden Path
condition. We interpreted this finding as support for a
cognitive comparison model of second language acquisition.
© 1989, Cambridge University Press. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0272263100008408},
Key = {fds352011}
}
@article{fds352012,
Author = {Snow, CE and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Data on language input: Incomprehensible omission
indeed!},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
Volume = {12},
Number = {2},
Pages = {357-358},
Year = {1989},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00049104},
Doi = {10.1017/S0140525X00049104},
Key = {fds352012}
}
@article{fds352013,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Cognition as cause},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
Volume = {12},
Number = {3},
Pages = {607-608},
Year = {1989},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00073738},
Doi = {10.1017/S0140525X00073738},
Key = {fds352013}
}
@article{fds352014,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Gust, D and Frost, GT},
Title = {A longitudinal investigation of gestural communication in
young chimpanzees},
Journal = {Primates},
Volume = {30},
Number = {1},
Pages = {35-50},
Year = {1989},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381209},
Abstract = {A longitudinal study of chimpanzee gestural communication is
reported. Subjects were seven 5- to 8-year-old members of a
semi-natural group at the Yerkes Field Station. These were
the same individuals observed by Tomasello et al. (1985)
four years previously. Nearly identical operational
definitions and observational procedures were used in the
two studies. Longitudinal comparisons between the two
observation periods revealed that the development of
chimpanzee gestural communication is best characterized as a
series of ontogenetic adaptations: as particular social
functions (e.g., nursing, playing, grooming, etc.) arise,
decline, or change, gestural communication follows suit.
Most gestures seem to be conventionalized by individuals in
direct social interaction with conspecifics. Some gestures
may be learned by "second-person imitation"-an individual
copying a behavior directed to it by another individual. No
evidence was found for "third-person imitation"-an
individual copying a gesture used between two other
individuals. Implications for the concept of chimpanzee
"culture" are discussed. © 1989 Japan Monkey
Centre.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF02381209},
Key = {fds352014}
}
@article{fds352015,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Mannle, S and Werdenschlag, L},
Title = {The effect of previously learned words on the child's
acquisition of words for similar referents.},
Journal = {Journal of child language},
Volume = {15},
Number = {3},
Pages = {505-515},
Year = {1988},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900012538},
Doi = {10.1017/s0305000900012538},
Key = {fds352015}
}
@article{fds352016,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Herron, C},
Title = {Down the Garden Path: Inducing and correcting
overgeneralization errors in the foreign language
classroom},
Journal = {Applied Psycholinguistics},
Volume = {9},
Number = {3},
Pages = {237-246},
Year = {1988},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0142716400007827},
Abstract = {In this study we compared two methods for teaching
grammatical exceptions in the foreign language classroom.
Thirty-nine students in two sections of an introductory
college French course served as subjects. Eight target
structures, exemplifying –exceptions to a rule,– were
randomly assigned to one of two teaching conditions for a
section taught in the spring; each structure was assigned to
the opposite teaching condition for a section taught the
following fall. In one condition we simply taught the
students the exception as an exception. In the other –
what we called the Garden Path condition – we presented
canonical exemplars encouraging students to induce the rule;
we then asked them to generate the form (which we knew to be
an exception) and then corrected their resulting
overgeneralization error. Analysis of subsequent formal
testing showed that students learned the exception better in
the Garden Path condition and that this advantage persisted
throughout the semesterlong course. We hypothesized that
this technique helped students to focus attention both on
the rule and on the features of the particular structure
that marked it as an exception. © 1988, Cambridge
University Press. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0142716400007827},
Key = {fds352016}
}
@article{fds352017,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Snow, CE},
Title = {Well-fed organisms still need feedback},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
Volume = {11},
Number = {3},
Pages = {475-476},
Year = {1988},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00058568},
Doi = {10.1017/S0140525X00058568},
Key = {fds352017}
}
@article{fds352018,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {The role of joint attentional processes in early language
development},
Journal = {Language Sciences},
Volume = {10},
Number = {1},
Pages = {69-88},
Year = {1988},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0388-0001(88)90006-X},
Abstract = {In this paper I examine the role of joint attentional
processes in the child's early lexical acquisition and
conversational interaction. In both cases I conclude that
relatively extended periods of adult-child joint attentional
focus on nonlinguistic entities, perhaps as manifest in
routines, scaffold the child's early language development.
On the other hand, adult directiveness - whether of child
behavior/attention or of the dyad's conversational topic -
has a negative effect on early language development. For
both lexical acquisition and conversational interaction some
findings from experimental studies are available to
supplement conclusions based on correlational evidence.
Based on these findings, I propose a developmental sequence
of joint attentional processes in early language development
and discuss the role of adults in the child's passage
through this sequence. © 1988.},
Doi = {10.1016/0388-0001(88)90006-X},
Key = {fds352018}
}
@article{fds352019,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Davis-Dasilva, M and Camak, L and Bard,
K},
Title = {Observational learning of tool-use by young
chimpanzees},
Journal = {Human Evolution},
Volume = {2},
Number = {2},
Pages = {175-183},
Year = {1987},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02436405},
Abstract = {In the current study two groups of young chimpanzees (4-6
and 8-9 years old) were given a T-bar and a food item that
could only be reached by using the T-bar. Experimental
subjects were given the opportunity to observe an adult
using the stick as a tool to obtain the food; control
subjects were exposed to the adult but were given no
demonstration. Subjects in the older group did not learn to
use the tool. Subjects in the younger group who were exposed
to the demonstrator learned to use the stick as a tool much
more readily than those who were not. None of the subjects
demonstrated an ability to imitatively copy the
demonstrator's precise behavioral strategies. More than
simple stimulus enhancement was involved, however, since
both groups manipulated the T-bar, but only experimental
subjects used it in its function as a tool. Our findings
complement naturalistic observations in suggesting that
chimpanzee tool-use is in some sense «culturally
transmitted» - though perhaps not in the same sense as
social-conventional behaviors for which precise copying of
conspecifics is crucial. © 1987 Editrice II
Sedicesimo.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF02436405},
Key = {fds352019}
}
@article{fds352507,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Learning to use prepositions: a case study.},
Journal = {Journal of child language},
Volume = {14},
Number = {1},
Pages = {79-98},
Year = {1987},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900012745},
Doi = {10.1017/s0305000900012745},
Key = {fds352507}
}
@article{fds352020,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Why the left hand?},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
Volume = {10},
Number = {2},
Pages = {286-287},
Year = {1987},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00047919},
Doi = {10.1017/S0140525X00047919},
Key = {fds352020}
}
@article{fds352021,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Farrar, MJ},
Title = {Joint attention and early language.},
Journal = {Child development},
Volume = {57},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1454-1463},
Year = {1986},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1986.tb00470.x},
Abstract = {This paper reports 2 studies that explore the role of joint
attentional processes in the child's acquisition of
language. In the first study, 24 children were videotaped at
15 and 21 months of age in naturalistic interaction with
their mothers. Episodes of joint attentional focus between
mother and child--for example, joint play with an
object--were identified. Inside, as opposed to outside,
these episodes both mothers and children produced more
utterances, mothers used shorter sentences and more
comments, and dyads engaged in longer conversations. Inside
joint episodes maternal references to objects that were
already the child's focus of attention were positively
correlated with the child's vocabulary at 21 months, while
object references that attempted to redirect the child's
attention were negatively correlated. No measures from
outside these episodes related to child language. In an
experimental study, an adult attempted to teach novel words
to 10 17-month-old children. Words referring to objects on
which the child's attention was already focused were learned
better than words presented in an attempt to redirect the
child's attentional focus.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.1986.tb00470.x},
Key = {fds352021}
}
@article{fds352022,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Farrar, MJ},
Title = {Object permanence and relational words: a lexical training
study.},
Journal = {Journal of child language},
Volume = {13},
Number = {3},
Pages = {495-505},
Year = {1986},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030500090000684x},
Doi = {10.1017/s030500090000684x},
Key = {fds352022}
}
@article{fds352023,
Author = {Kruger, AC and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Transactive Discussions With Peers and Adults},
Journal = {Developmental Psychology},
Volume = {22},
Number = {5},
Pages = {681-685},
Year = {1986},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.22.5.681},
Abstract = {Piaget hypothesized that peer and adult-child discussions of
moral dilemmas are qualitatively different. He asserted that
children are more likely to use reasoning when interacting
with peers. To test this hypothesis, the present study
compared the interactive styles of child-child and
adult-child dyads engaged in discussions of moral dilemmas,
focusing on the use of logical operations (transacts).
Forty-eight female subjects, ages 7 and 11 years, were
paired with either a female agemate or their mother.
Children used transacts in a higher proportion of their
conversational turns when interacting with peers than when
interacting with mothers. Subjects produced proportionally
more transactive responses when interacting with mothers
because mothers produced proportionally more requests for
idea clarification than did peer partners. Self-generated
transacts, on the other hand, were produced proportionally
more often with peers. Furthermore, when paired with peers,
children produced transactive statements that operated on
the partner's logic more often, rather than clarifying their
own logic. These results support Piaget's contention that
moral discussions with peers feature a more spontaneous use
of reasoning than do discussions with adults. © 1986
American Psychological Association.},
Doi = {10.1037/0012-1649.22.5.681},
Key = {fds352023}
}
@article{fds352024,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Mannle, S and Kruger, AC},
Title = {Linguistic Environment of 1- to 2-Year-Old
Twins},
Journal = {Developmental Psychology},
Volume = {22},
Number = {2},
Pages = {169-176},
Year = {1986},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.22.2.169},
Abstract = {The current study investigated differences in the language
learning environments of singletons and twins, with special
reference to pragmatic factors that might be expected to
differ in dyadic and triadic interactive situations. Six
twin pairs and 12 singleton children (all firstborn) were
observed in natural interactions with their mothers, once at
15 months of age and again at 21 months of age. Twins were
lower than singletons on all measures of language
development. The language learning environments of the two
groups differed as well. Although twin mothers spoke and
interacted with their children as much as singleton mothers
when twins were analyzed together, when analyzed from the
point of view of the individual twin child, twin children
received less speech directed specifically to them,
participated in fewer and shorter episodes of joint
attentional focus, and had fewer and shorter conversations
with their mothers. In addition, twin mothers were more
directive in their interactional styles. Correlational
analyses indicated that variation of these language learning
environment factors for the sample as a whole, as well as
variation for some of these factors within the twin group
itself, was related to early language growth. It is proposed
that both the quantitative and qualitative differences
observed in the language learning environments of singletons
and twins derive from the nature of the triadic situation
and that these differences have important effects on the
child's early language development. © 1986 American
Psychological Association.},
Doi = {10.1037/0012-1649.22.2.169},
Key = {fds352024}
}
@article{fds352025,
Author = {Anselmi, D and Tomasello, M and Acunzo, M},
Title = {Young children's responses to neutral and specific
contingent queries.},
Journal = {Journal of child language},
Volume = {13},
Number = {1},
Pages = {135-144},
Year = {1986},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900000349},
Doi = {10.1017/s0305000900000349},
Key = {fds352025}
}
@article{fds352026,
Author = {Evans, A and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Evidence for social referencing in young chimpanzees (Pan
troglodytes).},
Journal = {Folia primatologica; international journal of
primatology},
Volume = {47},
Number = {1},
Pages = {49-54},
Year = {1986},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000156263},
Abstract = {A captive chimpanzee group was observed in order to
determine the extent to which the social interactions of the
infants and juveniles (18-50 months) were affected by their
mothers' relationships with other adult group members. It
was found that the young chimpanzees initiated more
interactions with adults who interacted more with their
mothers. A vast majority of those interactions occurred at
significant distances from the mother. It is argued that
these data imply a social-cognitive ability in young
chimpanzees closely related to the human infant's ability to
use its mother in 'social referencing'.},
Doi = {10.1159/000156263},
Key = {fds352026}
}
@article{fds352027,
Author = {Tomasello, M and George, BL and Kruger, AC and Jeffrey, M and Farrar, and Evans, A},
Title = {The development of gestural communication in young
chimpanzees},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {14},
Number = {2},
Pages = {175-186},
Year = {1985},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2484(85)80005-1},
Abstract = {Plooij (Action, Gesture and Symbol, Academic Press 1978;
Before Speech, C.U.P. 1979) described some
intentionally-produced communicatory gestures used by
one-year-old chimpanzees on the Gombe Stream Reserve. The
current study investigated the use of this type of gesture
at later developmental periods. Subjects were five infant
and juvenile chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) living in a
semi-natural group at the Yerkes Regional Primate Center
Field Station. On the basis of naturalistic observations,
three stages in the development of communicatory gestures
were determined: (1) One-year-old infants used some
gestures, but only in an immature form and only with their
mothers or with peers; (2) Two-year-olds produced more
gestures which were clearly intentional and conventional
(they waited for a response), and they directed them to all
group members; (3) Three-year-olds used a wider variety of
gestures, and they supplemented them with a
"gaze-alternation" behavior which indicated even more
clearly the goal of the communication. Many of the gestures
used by infants and juveniles were not used by adults, thus
indicating a significance confined to specific developmental
periods. This contradicts the commonly-held assumption (e.g.
Van Lawick-Goodall, 1967) that the developmental process is
one in which young chimpanzees come gradually to learn a
pre-existing set of adult communicatory gestures. From this
and other evidence, it is argued that, while some of the
gestures are learned observationally, many are learned
through a process of "direct convention-alization" between
animals, and others rely on both of these processes. © 1985
Academic Press Inc. (London) Limited.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0047-2484(85)80005-1},
Key = {fds352027}
}
@article{fds352028,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Farrar, MJ},
Title = {Cognitive bases of lexical development: object permanence
and relational words.},
Journal = {Journal of child language},
Volume = {11},
Number = {3},
Pages = {477-493},
Year = {1984},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900005900},
Doi = {10.1017/s0305000900005900},
Key = {fds352028}
}
@article{fds352029,
Author = {Tomasello, M and Farrar, MJ and Dines, J},
Title = {Children's speech revisions for a familiar and an unfamiliar
adult.},
Journal = {Journal of speech and hearing research},
Volume = {27},
Number = {3},
Pages = {359-363},
Year = {1984},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.2703.359},
Abstract = {Initial characterizations of the communicative abilities of
preschoolers stressed their egocentric nature. Recently,
however, even 2-year-olds have been observed to adjust their
speech appropriately in situations in which the listener
provides feedback by signaling noncomprehension. The current
study had an adult signal noncomprehension to the requests
of 2-year-old Stage I and Stage II children. Each child
interacted with a familiar (mother) and an unfamiliar adult.
The children repeated their requests about one third of the
time and revised them about two thirds of the time. Stage I
children elaborated their requests significantly more often
than Stage II children. The familiarity of the adult
listener had no effect on the way Stage II children revised
their requests, but the Stage I children's revisions
contained novel lexical items more often when they were
interacting with the unfamiliar adult. Both of these
findings may have resulted from the fact that the more
conversationally skilled Stage II children relied on
verbal-conversational cues, which were the same for both
adult interactants in this situation. The Stage I children
may have been less aware of these conversational cues,
relying on general social cues such as familiarity of the
interactant. The results are discussed in terms of the
potential role of different types of adults in the language
acquisition process.},
Doi = {10.1044/jshr.2703.359},
Key = {fds352029}
}
@article{fds352030,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Young children's coordination of gestural and linguistic
reference},
Journal = {First Language},
Volume = {5},
Number = {15},
Pages = {199-209},
Year = {1984},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014272378400501503},
Abstract = {The current study investigated the relationship between
young children's linguistic and nonlinguistic communicative
strategies. Twenty-three children, 20-44 months of age,
served as subjects. In a naturalistic setting, an adult gave
signs of noncomprehension (a contingent query) to each of
the child's object references. The child's original
linguistic reference and use of gestures were recorded and
compared to his/her subsequent linguistic and gestural
responses to the adult query. Results showed that the
children used gestures more often with pronouns than with
nouns: either to clarify a linguistic reference from the
original utterance or to supplement a linguistic response to
the adult query. This would imply that two- to three-year-
old children are aware of the communicative principle that
pronouns 'need' gestures more than nouns, and more
generally, that they are capable of coordinating their
linguistic and nonlinguistic communi cative strategies. ©
1984, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1177/014272378400501503},
Key = {fds352030}
}
@article{fds352031,
Author = {George, BL and Tomasello, M},
Title = {The effect of variation in sentence length on young
children's attention and comprehension},
Journal = {First Language},
Volume = {5},
Number = {14},
Pages = {115-127},
Year = {1984},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014272378400501403},
Abstract = {The effect of sentence length on children's attention and
com prehension was studied. Twenty-five two- to
five-year-olds were placed into three groups, High, Middle,
and Low, based on their mean length of utterance (MLU).
Subsequently, each child watched three videotaped stories,
each having the same number of words but a different MLU.
The time the child spent gazing at the monitor was measured.
Comprehension was measured by a picture choice task. Results
indicated that the High group attended most to the Long
Level, comprehended obvious content best at the Long Level,
and comprehended subtle content best at the Medium Level;
the Low group attended most to the Medium Level and
comprehended little. It was concluded that both input level
and child level differentially affect attention and
comprehension. © 1984, Sage Publications. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1177/014272378400501403},
Key = {fds352031}
}
@article{fds352032,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Joint attention and lexical acquisition style},
Journal = {First Language},
Volume = {4},
Number = {12},
Pages = {197-211},
Year = {1983},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014272378300401202},
Abstract = {Recent research has documented systematic individual
differences in early lexical development. The current study
investigated the relation ship of these differences to
differences in the way mothers and children regulate each
other's attentional states. Mothers of 6 one-year-olds kept
diary records and were videotaped with their children at
monthly intervals as well. Language measures from the diary
were related to measures of attention manipulation and
maintenance derived from a coding of the videotaped
interactions. Results showed that when mothers initiated
interactions by directing their child's attention, rather
than by following into it, their child learned fewer object
labels and more personal-social words. Dyads who maintained
sustained bouts of joint attentional focus had children with
larger vocabularies overall. It was concluded that the way
mothers and children regulate each other's attention is an
important factor in children's early lexical development. ©
1983, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1177/014272378300401202},
Key = {fds352032}
}
%% Tung, Jenny
@article{fds376870,
Author = {Johnston, RA and Aracena, KA and Barreiro, LB and Lea, AJ and Tung,
J},
Title = {DNA methylation-environment interactions in the human
genome.},
Journal = {eLife},
Volume = {12},
Pages = {RP89371},
Year = {2024},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.89371},
Abstract = {Previously, we showed that a massively parallel reporter
assay, mSTARR-seq, could be used to simultaneously test for
both enhancer-like activity and DNA methylation-dependent
enhancer activity for millions of loci in a single
experiment (Lea et al., 2018). Here, we apply mSTARR-seq to
query nearly the entire human genome, including almost all
CpG sites profiled either on the commonly used Illumina
Infinium MethylationEPIC array or via reduced representation
bisulfite sequencing. We show that fragments containing
these sites are enriched for regulatory capacity, and that
methylation-dependent regulatory activity is in turn
sensitive to the cellular environment. In particular,
regulatory responses to interferon alpha (IFNA) stimulation
are strongly attenuated by methyl marks, indicating
widespread DNA methylation-environment interactions. In
agreement, methylation-dependent responses to IFNA
identified via mSTARR-seq predict methylation-dependent
transcriptional responses to challenge with influenza virus
in human macrophages. Our observations support the idea that
pre-existing DNA methylation patterns can influence the
response to subsequent environmental exposures-one of the
tenets of biological embedding. However, we also find that,
on average, sites previously associated with early life
adversity are not more likely to functionally influence gene
regulation than expected by chance.},
Doi = {10.7554/elife.89371},
Key = {fds376870}
}
@article{fds374384,
Author = {Housman, G and Tung, J},
Title = {Next-generation primate genomics: New genome assemblies
unlock new questions.},
Journal = {Cell},
Volume = {186},
Number = {25},
Pages = {5433-5437},
Year = {2023},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.014},
Abstract = {Nonhuman primates provide unique evolutionary and
comparative insight into the human phenotype. Genome
assemblies are now available for nearly half of the species
in the primate order, expanding our understanding of genetic
variation within and between species and making important
contributions to evolutionary biology, evolutionary
anthropology, and human genetics.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.014},
Key = {fds374384}
}
@article{fds372948,
Author = {Levy, EJ and Lee, A and Long'ida Siodi and I and Helmich, EC and McLean,
EM and Malone, EJ and Pickard, MJ and Ranjithkumar, R and Tung, J and Archie, EA and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Early life drought predicts components of adult body size in
wild female baboons.},
Journal = {American journal of biological anthropology},
Volume = {182},
Number = {3},
Pages = {357-371},
Year = {2023},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24849},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>In many taxa, adverse early-life
environments are associated with reduced growth and smaller
body size in adulthood. However, in wild primates, we know
very little about whether, where, and to what degree
trajectories are influenced by early adversity, or which
types of early adversity matter most. Here, we use
parallel-laser photogrammetry to assess inter-individual
predictors of three measures of body size (leg length,
forearm length, and shoulder-rump length) in a population of
wild female baboons studied since birth.<h4>Materials and
methods</h4>Using >2000 photogrammetric measurements of 127
females, we present a cross-sectional growth curve of wild
female baboons (Papio cynocephalus) from juvenescence
through adulthood. We then test whether females exposed to
several important sources of early-life adversity-drought,
maternal loss, low maternal rank, or a cumulative measure of
adversity-were smaller for their age than females who
experienced less adversity. Using the "animal model," we
also test whether body size is heritable in this study
population.<h4>Results</h4>Prolonged early-life drought
predicted shorter limbs but not shorter torsos (i.e.,
shoulder-rump lengths). Our other measures of early-life
adversity did not predict variation in body size.
Heritability estimates for body size measures were 36%-67%.
Maternal effects accounted for 13%-17% of the variance in
leg and forearm length, but no variance in torso
length.<h4>Discussion</h4>Our results suggest that baboon
limbs, but not torsos, grow plastically in response to
maternal effects and energetic early-life stress. Our
results also reveal considerable heritability for all three
body size measures in this study population.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.24849},
Key = {fds372948}
}
@article{fds374385,
Author = {Lange, EC and Griffin, M and Fogel, AS and Archie, EA and Tung, J and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Environmental, sex-specific and genetic determinants of
infant social behaviour in a wild primate.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {290},
Number = {2011},
Pages = {20231597},
Year = {2023},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.1597},
Abstract = {Affiliative social bonds are linked to fitness components in
many social mammals. However, despite their importance,
little is known about how the tendency to form social bonds
develops in young animals, or if the timing of development
is heritable and thus can evolve. Using four decades of
longitudinal observational data from a wild baboon
population, we assessed the environmental determinants of an
important social developmental milestone in baboons-the age
at which a young animal first grooms a conspecific-and we
assessed how the rates at which offspring groom their
mothers develops during the juvenile period. We found that
grooming development differs between the sexes: female
infants groom at an earlier age and reach equal rates of
grooming with their mother earlier than males. We also found
that age at first grooming for both sexes is weakly
heritable (<i>h</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.043, 95% CI:
0.002-0.110). These results show that sex differences in
grooming emerge at a young age; that strong, equitable
social relationships between mothers and daughters begin
very early in life; and that age at first grooming is
heritable and therefore can be shaped by natural
selection.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2023.1597},
Key = {fds374385}
}
@article{fds373886,
Author = {Zipple, MN and Archie, EA and Tung, J and Mututua, RS and Warutere, JK and Siodi, IL and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Five Decades of Data Yield No Support for Adaptive Biasing
of Offspring Sex Ratio in Wild Baboons (Papio
cynocephalus).},
Journal = {The American naturalist},
Volume = {202},
Number = {4},
Pages = {383-398},
Year = {2023},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/725886},
Abstract = {AbstractOver the past 50 years, a wealth of testable, often
conflicting hypotheses have been generated about the
evolution of offspring sex ratio manipulation by mothers.
Several of these hypotheses have received support in studies
of invertebrates and some vertebrate taxa. However, their
success in explaining sex ratios in mammalian
taxa-especially in primates-has been mixed. Here, we assess
the predictions of four different hypotheses about the
evolution of biased offspring sex ratios in the baboons of
the Amboseli basin in Kenya: the Trivers-Willard, female
rank enhancement, local resource competition, and local
resource enhancement hypotheses. Using the largest sample
size ever analyzed in a primate population (n=1,372
offspring), we test the predictions of each hypothesis.
Overall, we find no support for adaptive biasing of sex
ratios. Offspring sex is not consistently related to
maternal dominance rank or biased toward the dispersing sex,
nor is it predicted by group size, population growth rates,
or their interaction with maternal rank. Because our sample
size confers power to detect even subtle biases in sex
ratio, including modulation by environmental heterogeneity,
these results suggest that adaptive biasing of offspring sex
does not occur in this population.},
Doi = {10.1086/725886},
Key = {fds373886}
}
@article{fds371581,
Author = {Tung, J and Lange, EC and Alberts, SC and Archie,
EA},
Title = {Social and early life determinants of survival from cradle
to grave: A case study in wild baboons.},
Journal = {Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews},
Volume = {152},
Pages = {105282},
Year = {2023},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105282},
Abstract = {Field studies of natural mammal populations present powerful
opportunities to investigate the determinants of health and
aging using fine-grained observations of known individuals
across the life course. Here, we synthesize five decades of
findings from one such study: the wild baboons of the
Amboseli ecosystem in Kenya. First, we discuss the profound
associations between early life adversity, adult social
conditions, and key aging outcomes in this population,
especially survival. Second, we review potential mediators
of the relationship between early life adversity and
survival in our population. Notably, our tests of two
leading candidate mediators-social isolation and
glucocorticoid levels-fail to identify a single, strong
mediator of early life effects on adult survival. Instead,
early adversity, social isolation, and glucocorticoids are
independently linked to adult lifespans, suggesting
considerable scope for mitigating the negative consequences
of early life adversity. Third, we review our work on the
evolutionary rationale for early life effects on mortality,
which currently argues against clear predictive adaptive
responses. Finally, we end by highlighting major themes
emerging from the study of sociality, development, and aging
in the Amboseli baboons, as well as important open questions
for future work.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105282},
Key = {fds371581}
}
@article{fds371859,
Author = {McLean, EM and Moorad, JA and Tung, J and Archie, EA and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Genetic variance and indirect genetic effects for
affiliative social behavior in a wild primate.},
Journal = {Evolution; international journal of organic
evolution},
Volume = {77},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1607-1621},
Year = {2023},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpad066},
Abstract = {Affiliative social behaviors are linked to fitness
components in multiple species. However, the role of genetic
variance in shaping such behaviors remains largely unknown,
limiting our understanding of how affiliative behaviors can
respond to natural selection. Here, we employed the "animal
model" to estimate environmental and genetic sources of
variance and covariance in grooming behavior in the
well-studied Amboseli wild baboon population. We found that
the tendency for a female baboon to groom others ("grooming
given") is heritable (h2 = 0.22 ± 0.048), and that several
environmental variables-including dominance rank and the
availability of kin as grooming partners-contribute to
variance in this grooming behavior. We also detected small
but measurable variance due to the indirect genetic effect
of partner identity on the amount of grooming given within
dyadic grooming partnerships. The indirect and direct
genetic effects for grooming given were positively
correlated (r = 0.74 ± 0.09). Our results provide insight
into the evolvability of affiliative behavior in wild
animals, including the possibility for correlations between
direct and indirect genetic effects to accelerate the
response to selection. As such they provide novel
information about the genetic architecture of social
behavior in nature, with important implications for the
evolution of cooperation and reciprocity.},
Doi = {10.1093/evolut/qpad066},
Key = {fds371859}
}
@article{fds370947,
Author = {Lange, EC and Zeng, S and Campos, FA and Li, F and Tung, J and Archie, EA and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Early life adversity and adult social relationships have
independent effects on survival in a wild
primate.},
Journal = {Science advances},
Volume = {9},
Number = {20},
Pages = {eade7172},
Year = {2023},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ade7172},
Abstract = {Adverse conditions in early life can have negative
consequences for adult health and survival in humans and
other animals. What variables mediate the relationship
between early adversity and adult survival? Adult social
environments represent one candidate: Early life adversity
is linked to social adversity in adulthood, and social
adversity in adulthood predicts survival outcomes. However,
no study has prospectively linked early life adversity,
adult social behavior, and adult survival to measure the
extent to which adult social behavior mediates this
relationship. We do so in a wild baboon population in
Amboseli, Kenya. We find weak mediation and largely
independent effects of early adversity and adult sociality
on survival. Furthermore, strong social bonds and high
social status in adulthood can buffer some negative effects
of early adversity. These results support the idea that
affiliative social behavior is subject to natural selection
through its positive relationship with survival, and they
highlight possible targets for intervention to improve human
health and well-being.},
Doi = {10.1126/sciadv.ade7172},
Key = {fds370947}
}
@article{fds371582,
Author = {Roche, KE and Bjork, JR and Dasari, MR and Grieneisen, L and Jansen, D and Gould, TJ and Gesquiere, LR and Barreiro, LB and Alberts, SC and Blekhman, R and Gilbert, JA and Tung, J and Mukherjee, S and Archie,
EA},
Title = {Universal gut microbial relationships in the gut microbiome
of wild baboons.},
Journal = {eLife},
Volume = {12},
Pages = {e83152},
Year = {2023},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.83152},
Abstract = {Ecological relationships between bacteria mediate the
services that gut microbiomes provide to their hosts.
Knowing the overall direction and strength of these
relationships is essential to learn how ecology scales up to
affect microbiome assembly, dynamics, and host health.
However, whether bacterial relationships are generalizable
across hosts or personalized to individual hosts is debated.
Here, we apply a robust, multinomial logistic-normal
modeling framework to extensive time series data (5534
samples from 56 baboon hosts over 13 years) to infer
thousands of correlations in bacterial abundance in
individual baboons and test the degree to which bacterial
abundance correlations are 'universal'. We also compare
these patterns to two human data sets. We find that, most
bacterial correlations are weak, negative, and universal
across hosts, such that shared correlation patterns dominate
over host-specific correlations by almost twofold. Further,
taxon pairs that had inconsistent correlation signs (either
positive or negative) in different hosts always had weak
correlations within hosts. From the host perspective, host
pairs with the most similar bacterial correlation patterns
also had similar microbiome taxonomic compositions and
tended to be genetic relatives. Compared to humans,
universality in baboons was similar to that in human
infants, and stronger than one data set from human adults.
Bacterial families that showed universal correlations in
human infants were often universal in baboons. Together, our
work contributes new tools for analyzing the universality of
bacterial associations across hosts, with implications for
microbiome personalization, community assembly, and
stability, and for designing microbiome interventions to
improve host health.},
Doi = {10.7554/elife.83152},
Key = {fds371582}
}
@article{fds369052,
Author = {Fogel, AS and Oduor, PO and Nyongesa, AW and Kimwele, CN and Alberts,
SC and Archie, EA and Tung, J},
Title = {Ecology and age, but not genetic ancestry, predict fetal
loss in a wild baboon hybrid zone.},
Journal = {American journal of biological anthropology},
Volume = {180},
Number = {4},
Pages = {618-632},
Year = {2023},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24686},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Pregnancy failure represents a major
fitness cost for any mammal, particularly those with slow
life histories such as primates. Here, we quantified the
risk of fetal loss in wild hybrid baboons, including
genetic, ecological, and demographic sources of variance. We
were particularly interested in testing the hypothesis that
hybridization increases fetal loss rates. Such an effect
would help explain how baboons may maintain genetic and
phenotypic integrity despite interspecific gene
flow.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>We analyzed outcomes for
1020 pregnancies observed over 46 years in a natural
yellow baboon-anubis baboon hybrid zone. Fetal losses and
live births were scored based on records of female
reproductive state and the appearance of live neonates. We
modeled the probability of fetal loss as a function of a
female's genetic ancestry (the proportion of her genome
estimated to be descended from anubis [vs. yellow]
ancestors), age, number of previous fetal losses, dominance
rank, group size, climate, and habitat quality using
binomial mixed effects models.<h4>Results</h4>Female genetic
ancestry did not predict fetal loss. Instead, the risk of
fetal loss is elevated for very young and very old females.
Fetal loss is most robustly predicted by ecological factors,
including poor habitat quality prior to a home range shift
and extreme heat during pregnancy.<h4>Discussion</h4>Our
results suggest that gene flow between yellow and anubis
baboons is not impeded by an increased risk of fetal loss
for hybrid females. Instead, ecological conditions and
female age are key determinants of this component of female
reproductive success.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.24686},
Key = {fds369052}
}
@article{fds365143,
Author = {Vilgalys, TP and Fogel, AS and Anderson, JA and Mututua, RS and Warutere, JK and Siodi, IL and Kim, SY and Voyles, TN and Robinson, JA and Wall, JD and Archie, EA and Alberts, SC and Tung,
J},
Title = {Selection against admixture and gene regulatory divergence
in a long-term primate field study.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {377},
Number = {6606},
Pages = {635-641},
Year = {2022},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abm4917},
Abstract = {Genetic admixture is central to primate evolution. We
combined 50 years of field observations of immigration and
group demography with genomic data from ~9 generations of
hybrid baboons to investigate the consequences of admixture
in the wild. Despite no obvious fitness costs to hybrids, we
found signatures of selection against admixture similar to
those described for archaic hominins. These patterns were
concentrated near genes where ancestry is strongly
associated with gene expression. Our analyses also show that
introgression is partially predictable across the genome.
This study demonstrates the value of integrating genomic and
field data for revealing how "genomic signatures of
selection" (e.g., reduced introgression in low-recombination
regions) manifest in nature; moreover, it underscores the
importance of other primates as living models for human
evolution.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.abm4917},
Key = {fds365143}
}
@article{fds363721,
Author = {Björk, JR and Dasari, MR and Roche, K and Grieneisen, L and Gould, TJ and Grenier, J-C and Yotova, V and Gottel, N and Jansen, D and Gesquiere,
LR and Gordon, JB and Learn, NH and Wango, TL and Mututua, RS and Kinyua
Warutere, J and Siodi, L and Mukherjee, S and Barreiro, LB and Alberts,
SC and Gilbert, JA and Tung, J and Blekhman, R and Archie,
EA},
Title = {Synchrony and idiosyncrasy in the gut microbiome of wild
baboons.},
Journal = {Nature ecology & evolution},
Volume = {6},
Number = {7},
Pages = {955-964},
Year = {2022},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-022-01773-4},
Abstract = {Human gut microbial dynamics are highly individualized,
making it challenging to link microbiota to health and to
design universal microbiome therapies. This individuality is
typically attributed to variation in host genetics, diets,
environments and medications but it could also emerge from
fundamental ecological forces that shape microbiota more
generally. Here, we leverage extensive gut microbial time
series from wild baboons-hosts who experience little
interindividual dietary and environmental heterogeneity-to
test whether gut microbial dynamics are synchronized across
hosts or largely idiosyncratic. Despite their shared
lifestyles, baboon microbiota were only weakly synchronized.
The strongest synchrony occurred among baboons living in the
same social group, probably because group members range over
the same habitat and simultaneously encounter the same
sources of food and water. However, this synchrony was
modest compared to each host's personalized dynamics. In
support, host-specific factors, especially host identity,
explained, on average, more than three times the deviance in
longitudinal dynamics compared to factors shared with social
group members and ten times the deviance of factors shared
across the host population. These results contribute to
mounting evidence that highly idiosyncratic gut microbiomes
are not an artefact of modern human environments and that
synchronizing forces in the gut microbiome (for example,
shared environments, diets and microbial dispersal) are not
strong enough to overwhelm key drivers of microbiome
personalization, such as host genetics, priority effects,
horizontal gene transfer and functional redundancy.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41559-022-01773-4},
Key = {fds363721}
}
@article{fds362510,
Author = {Anderson, JA and Tung, J},
Title = {The biology of beauty sleep.},
Journal = {Nature ecology & evolution},
Volume = {6},
Number = {4},
Pages = {351-352},
Year = {2022},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-022-01683-5},
Doi = {10.1038/s41559-022-01683-5},
Key = {fds362510}
}
@article{fds362972,
Author = {Galezo, AA and Nolas, MA and Fogel, AS and Mututua, RS and Warutere, JK and Siodi, IL and Altmann, J and Archie, EA and Tung, J and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Mechanisms of inbreeding avoidance in a wild
primate.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {32},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1607-1615.e4},
Year = {2022},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.082},
Abstract = {Inbreeding often imposes net fitness costs,<sup>1-5</sup>
leading to the expectation that animals will engage in
inbreeding avoidance when the costs of doing so are not
prohibitive.<sup>4-9</sup> However, one recent meta-analysis
indicates that animals of many species do not avoid mating
with kin in experimental settings,<sup>6</sup> and another
reports that behavioral inbreeding avoidance generally
evolves only when kin regularly encounter each other and
inbreeding costs are high.<sup>9</sup> These results raise
questions about the processes that separate kin, how these
processes depend on kin class and context, and whether kin
classes differ in how effectively they avoid inbreeding via
mate choice-in turn, demanding detailed demographic and
behavioral data within individual populations. Here, we
address these questions in a wild mammal population, the
baboons of the Amboseli ecosystem in Kenya. We find that
death and dispersal are very effective at separating
opposite-sex pairs of close adult kin. Nonetheless, adult
kin pairs do sometimes co-reside, and we find strong
evidence for inbreeding avoidance via mate choice in kin
classes with relatedness ≥0.25. Notably, maternal kin
avoid inbreeding more effectively than paternal kin despite
having identical coefficients of relatedness, pointing to
kin discrimination as a potential constraint on effective
inbreeding avoidance. Overall, demographic and behavioral
processes ensure that inbred offspring are rare in
undisturbed social groups (1% of offspring). However, in an
anthropogenically disturbed social group with reduced male
dispersal, we find inbreeding rates 10× higher. Our study
reinforces the importance of demographic and behavioral
contexts for understanding the evolution of inbreeding
avoidance.<sup>9</sup>.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.082},
Key = {fds362972}
}
@article{fds361911,
Author = {Anderson, JA and Lea, AJ and Voyles, TN and Akinyi, MY and Nyakundi, R and Ochola, L and Omondi, M and Nyundo, F and Zhang, Y and Campos, FA and Alberts, SC and Archie, EA and Tung, J},
Title = {Distinct gene regulatory signatures of dominance rank and
social bond strength in wild baboons.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {377},
Number = {1845},
Pages = {20200441},
Year = {2022},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0441},
Abstract = {The social environment is a major determinant of morbidity,
mortality and Darwinian fitness in social animals. Recent
studies have begun to uncover the molecular processes
associated with these relationships, but the degree to which
they vary across different dimensions of the social
environment remains unclear. Here, we draw on a long-term
field study of wild baboons to compare the signatures of
affiliative and competitive aspects of the social
environment in white blood cell gene regulation, under both
immune-stimulated and non-stimulated conditions. We find
that the effects of dominance rank on gene expression are
directionally opposite in males versus females, such that
high-ranking males resemble low-ranking females, and vice
versa. Among females, rank and social bond strength are both
reflected in the activity of cellular metabolism and
proliferation genes. However, while we observe pronounced
rank-related differences in baseline immune gene activity,
only bond strength predicts the fold-change response to
immune (lipopolysaccharide) stimulation. Together, our
results indicate that the directionality and magnitude of
social effects on gene regulation depend on the aspect of
the social environment under study. This heterogeneity may
help explain why social environmental effects on health and
longevity can also vary between measures. This article is
part of the theme issue 'The centennial of the pecking
order: current state and future prospects for the study of
dominance hierarchies'.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2020.0441},
Key = {fds361911}
}
@article{fds362566,
Author = {Simons, ND and Michopoulos, V and Wilson, M and Barreiro, LB and Tung,
J},
Title = {Agonism and grooming behaviour explain social status effects
on physiology and gene regulation in rhesus
macaques.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {377},
Number = {1845},
Pages = {20210132},
Year = {2022},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0132},
Abstract = {Variation in social status predicts molecular, physiological
and life-history outcomes across a broad range of species,
including our own. Experimental studies indicate that some
of these relationships persist even when the physical
environment is held constant. Here, we draw on datasets from
one such study-experimental manipulation of dominance rank
in captive female rhesus macaques-to investigate how social
status shapes the lived experience of these animals to alter
gene regulation, glucocorticoid physiology and mitochondrial
DNA phenotypes. We focus specifically on dominance
rank-associated dimensions of the social environment,
including both competitive and affiliative interactions. Our
results show that simple summaries of rank-associated
behavioural interactions are often better predictors of
molecular and physiological outcomes than dominance rank
itself. However, while measures of immune function are best
explained by agonism rates, glucocorticoid-related
phenotypes tend to be more closely linked to affiliative
behaviour. We conclude that dominance rank serves as a
useful summary for investigating social environmental
effects on downstream outcomes. Nevertheless, the
behavioural interactions that define an individual's daily
experiences reveal the proximate drivers of social
status-related differences and are especially relevant for
understanding why individuals who share the same social
status sometimes appear physiologically distinct. This
article is part of the theme issue 'The centennial of the
pecking order: current state and future prospects for the
study of dominance hierarchies'.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2021.0132},
Key = {fds362566}
}
@misc{fds368499,
Author = {Guindre-Parker, S and Tung, J and Strauss, AT},
Title = {Emerging frontiers in animal behavior and parasitism:
Integration across scales},
Pages = {305-320},
Booktitle = {Animal Behavior and Parasitism},
Year = {2022},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780192895561},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192895561.003.0018},
Abstract = {Research on animal behavior and parasitism is intrinsically
interdisciplinary. This chapter explores potential
expansions to the frontiers of this research from additional
perspectives, transcending three scales of biological
organization. Focusing on the disciplines of organismal
biology, molecular ecology and genomics, and ecosystem and
community ecology, the chapter identifies tools and concepts
that can help answer outstanding questions about parasites
and behavior (e.g., by improving the ability to survey whole
parasite communities) or provide novel and powerful framing
for grappling with their consequences (e.g., by embedding
hosts and parasites within larger food webs). The chapter
also highlights the importance of parasite-mediated
behaviors for understanding ecology and evolution more
broadly. Together, the chapter envisions a future for
studies of parasites and behavior that is increasingly
integrative and interdisciplinary.},
Doi = {10.1093/oso/9780192895561.003.0018},
Key = {fds368499}
}
@article{fds358978,
Author = {Fogel, AS and McLean, EM and Gordon, JB and Archie, EA and Tung, J and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Genetic ancestry predicts male-female affiliation in a
natural baboon hybrid zone.},
Journal = {Animal behaviour},
Volume = {180},
Pages = {249-268},
Year = {2021},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.07.009},
Abstract = {Opposite-sex social relationships are important predictors
of fitness in many animals, including several group-living
mammals. Consequently, understanding sources of variance in
the tendency to form opposite-sex relationships is important
for understanding social evolution. Genetic contributions
are of particular interest due to their importance in
long-term evolutionary change, but little is known about
genetic effects on male-female relationships in social
mammals, especially outside of the mating context. Here, we
investigate the effects of genetic ancestry on male-female
affiliative behaviour in a hybrid zone between the yellow
baboon, <i>Papio cynocephalus</i>, and the anubis baboon,
<i>Papio anubis</i>, in a population in which male-female
social bonds are known predictors of life span. We place our
analysis within the context of other social and demographic
predictors of affiliative behaviour in baboons. Genetic
ancestry was the most consistent predictor of opposite-sex
affiliative behaviour we observed, with the exception of
strong effects of dominance rank. Our results show that
increased anubis genetic ancestry is associated with a
subtle, but significantly higher, probability of
opposite-sex affiliative behaviour, in both males and
females. Additionally, pairs of anubis-like males and
anubis-like females were the most likely to socially
affiliate, resulting in moderate assortativity in grooming
and proximity behaviour as a function of genetic ancestry.
Our findings indicate that opposite-sex affiliative
behaviour partially diverged during baboon evolution to
differentiate yellow and anubis baboons, despite overall
similarities in their social structures and mating systems.
Furthermore, they suggest that affiliative behaviour may
simultaneously promote and constrain baboon admixture,
through additive and assortative effects of ancestry,
respectively.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.07.009},
Key = {fds358978}
}
@article{fds359025,
Author = {Lea, AJ and Akinyi, MY and Nyakundi, R and Mareri, P and Nyundo, F and Kariuki, T and Alberts, SC and Archie, EA and Tung,
J},
Title = {Erratum: Dominance rank-associated gene expression is
widespread, sex-specific, and a precursor to high social
status in wild male baboons (Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2018)
115 (E12163–E12171) DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1811967115)},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {118},
Number = {36},
Year = {2021},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2114104118},
Abstract = {Correction to Supporting Information for “Dominance
rank-associated gene expression is widespread, sex-specific,
and a precursor to high social status in wild male
baboons,” by Amanda J. Lea, Mercy Y. Akinyi, Ruth
Nyakundi, Peter Mareri, Fred Nyundo, Thomas Kariuki, Susan
C. Alberts, Elizabeth A. Archie, and Jenny Tung, which was
first published December 11, 2018; 10.1073/pnas.1811967115
(Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 115, E12163–E12171). The
authors note that, in the SI Appendix, the concentration of
the lipopolysaccharide stimulant on page 3, first full
paragraph, line 4 was reported incorrectly. Subsequently,
“1 ug/mL lipopolysaccharide” should instead appear as
“0.1 ug/mL lipopolysaccharide.” The SI Appendix has been
corrected online.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2114104118},
Key = {fds359025}
}
@article{fds359290,
Author = {Johnston, RA and Rheinwald, JG and vonHoldt, BM and Stahler, DR and Lowry, W and Tung, J and Wayne, RK},
Title = {K Locus Effects in Gray Wolves: Experimental Assessment of
TLR3 Signaling and the Gene Expression Response to Canine
Distemper Virus.},
Journal = {The Journal of heredity},
Volume = {112},
Number = {5},
Pages = {458-468},
Year = {2021},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esab029},
Abstract = {In North American gray wolves, black coat color is
dominantly inherited via a 3 base pair coding deletion in
the canine beta defensin 3 (CBD103) gene. This 3 base pair
deletion, called the KB allele, was introduced through
hybridization with dogs and subsequently underwent a
selective sweep that increased its frequency in wild wolves.
Despite apparent positive selection, KBB wolves have lower
fitness than wolves with the KyB genotype, even though the 2
genotypes show no observable differences in black coat
color. Thus, the KB allele is thought to have pleiotropic
effects on as-yet unknown phenotypes. Given the role of
skin-expressed CBD103 in innate immunity, we hypothesized
that the KB allele influences the keratinocyte gene
expression response to TLR3 pathway stimulation and/or
infection by canine distemper virus (CDV). To test this
hypothesis, we developed a panel of primary epidermal
keratinocyte cell cultures from 24 wild North American gray
wolves of both Kyy and KyB genotypes. In addition, we
generated an immortalized Kyy line and used CRISPR/Cas9
editing to produce a KyB line on the same genetic
background. We assessed the transcriptome-wide responses of
wolf keratinocytes to the TLR3 agonist polyinosinic:polycytidylic
acid (polyI:C), and to live CDV. K locus genotype did not
predict the transcriptional response to either challenge,
suggesting that variation in the gene expression response
does not explain pleiotropic effects of the KB allele on
fitness. This study supports the feasibility of using cell
culture methods to investigate the phenotypic effects of
naturally occurring genetic variation in wild
mammals.},
Doi = {10.1093/jhered/esab029},
Key = {fds359290}
}
@article{fds358749,
Author = {Anderson, JA and Tung, J},
Title = {Sparrows and supergenes: Ecological epigenetics in
action.},
Journal = {Molecular ecology},
Volume = {30},
Number = {14},
Pages = {3391-3393},
Year = {2021},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.16028},
Abstract = {Despite the promise of ecological epigenetics, there remain
few cases that clearly link epigenetic variation in wild
animal populations to evolutionary change. In this issue of
Molecular Ecology, Sun et al. provide such an example in
white-throated sparrows-a fascinating system in which a
large chromosomal rearrangement generates a "supergene"
polymorphism linked to plumage colour, aggression and
parenting behaviour. By combining whole genome bisulphite
sequencing with RNA-sequencing and chromatin accessibility
data, they show that the two alleles of this chromosomal
polymorphism also exhibit substantial differences in DNA
methylation levels, with implications for gene expression
and transposable element activity. Their results provide a
compelling case study for how genetic and epigenetic
evolution proceed in concert. They also demonstrate the
importance of integrating multiple types of genomic
information to understand how gene regulation evolves,
providing a model for future work in nonmodel
species.},
Doi = {10.1111/mec.16028},
Key = {fds358749}
}
@article{fds357310,
Author = {Miller, CM and Snyder-Mackler, N and Nguyen, N and Fashing, PJ and Tung,
J and Wroblewski, EE and Gustison, ML and Wilson,
ML},
Title = {Extragroup paternity in gelada monkeys, Theropithecus
gelada, at Guassa, Ethiopia and a comparison with other
primates},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {177},
Pages = {277-301},
Year = {2021},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.05.008},
Abstract = {Following the introduction of DNA fingerprinting in the
1980s, studies have repeatedly revealed mismatches between
the mating system inferred from social behaviour and the
mating system revealed through genetic relationships. In
this study, we examined the occurrence of extragroup
paternities (EGPs) in gelada monkeys at Guassa, Ethiopia and
explored how EGPs may be acquired in this species, which is
conventionally considered to have a single breeding male
(‘leader’) per social group (‘unit’). We found that
while leaders sired most offspring, a substantial proportion
(17 of 88 offspring, 19%) were sired by extra-unit males.
Offspring were more likely to be sired by extra-unit males
when they were: (1) conceived in the 6 months following the
start of peak rainfall (July–December) and (2) the first
successful conception for a mother. Furthermore, eight of
the 17 extra-unit paternities were directly or indirectly
the result of a single infertile leader, indicating that
infertility plays an important role in the occurrence of
EGPs. Compiling published data revealed that the 19% EGP
rate observed among Guassa geladas was also the median for
polygynous nonhuman primates (range 0–57%, N = 5
populations), in contrast to geladas in the Simien
Mountains, where EGPs are absent or rare. Thus,
intraspecific variation in EGP rates in geladas encompasses
much of the range described across polygynous primates more
broadly. The Guassa gelada EGP rate was similar to the
median rate reported for mammals. Primates generally had a
lower median rate of EGPs, more similar to the median rate
reported for birds. Understanding variation in EGP rates
requires understanding the outcomes of competing interests
of males and females within the same species, as well as how
these features contribute to the evolution of social systems
and influence variation in EGP rates at higher taxonomic
levels.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.05.008},
Key = {fds357310}
}
@article{fds357907,
Author = {Grieneisen, L and Dasari, M and Gould, TJ and Björk, JR and Grenier,
J-C and Yotova, V and Jansen, D and Gottel, N and Gordon, JB and Learn, NH and Gesquiere, LR and Wango, TL and Mututua, RS and Warutere, JK and Siodi,
L and Gilbert, JA and Barreiro, LB and Alberts, SC and Tung, J and Archie,
EA and Blekhman, R},
Title = {Gut microbiome heritability is nearly universal but
environmentally contingent.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {373},
Number = {6551},
Pages = {181-186},
Year = {2021},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aba5483},
Abstract = {Relatives have more similar gut microbiomes than
nonrelatives, but the degree to which this similarity
results from shared genotypes versus shared environments has
been controversial. Here, we leveraged 16,234 gut microbiome
profiles, collected over 14 years from 585 wild baboons, to
reveal that host genetic effects on the gut microbiome are
nearly universal. Controlling for diet, age, and
socioecological variation, 97% of microbiome phenotypes were
significantly heritable, including several reported as
heritable in humans. Heritability was typically low (mean =
0.068) but was systematically greater in the dry season,
with low diet diversity, and in older hosts. We show that
longitudinal profiles and large sample sizes are crucial to
quantifying microbiome heritability, and indicate scope for
selection on microbiome characteristics as a host
phenotype.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.aba5483},
Key = {fds357907}
}
@article{fds357311,
Author = {Colchero, F and Aburto, JM and Archie, EA and Boesch, C and Breuer, T and Campos, FA and Collins, A and Conde, DA and Cords, M and Crockford, C and Thompson, ME and Fedigan, LM and Fichtel, C and Groenenberg, M and Hobaiter, C and Kappeler, PM and Lawler, RR and Lewis, RJ and Machanda,
ZP and Manguette, ML and Muller, MN and Packer, C and Parnell, RJ and Perry, S and Pusey, AE and Robbins, MM and Seyfarth, RM and Silk, JB and Staerk, J and Stoinski, TS and Stokes, EJ and Strier, KB and Strum, SC and Tung, J and Villavicencio, F and Wittig, RM and Wrangham, RW and Zuberbühler, K and Vaupel, JW and Alberts, SC},
Title = {The long lives of primates and the 'invariant rate of
ageing' hypothesis.},
Journal = {Nature communications},
Volume = {12},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3666},
Year = {2021},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23894-3},
Abstract = {Is it possible to slow the rate of ageing, or do biological
constraints limit its plasticity? We test the 'invariant
rate of ageing' hypothesis, which posits that the rate of
ageing is relatively fixed within species, with a collection
of 39 human and nonhuman primate datasets across seven
genera. We first recapitulate, in nonhuman primates, the
highly regular relationship between life expectancy and
lifespan equality seen in humans. We next demonstrate that
variation in the rate of ageing within genera is orders of
magnitude smaller than variation in pre-adult and
age-independent mortality. Finally, we demonstrate that
changes in the rate of ageing, but not other mortality
parameters, produce striking, species-atypical changes in
mortality patterns. Our results support the invariant rate
of ageing hypothesis, implying biological constraints on how
much the human rate of ageing can be slowed.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41467-021-23894-3},
Key = {fds357311}
}
@article{fds355982,
Author = {Gogarten, JF and Rühlemann, M and Archie, E and Tung, J and Akoua-Koffi, C and Bang, C and Deschner, T and Muyembe-Tamfun, J-J and Robbins, MM and Schubert, G and Surbeck, M and Wittig, RM and Zuberbühler, K and Baines, JF and Franke, A and Leendertz, FH and Calvignac-Spencer, S},
Title = {Primate phageomes are structured by superhost phylogeny and
environment.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {118},
Number = {15},
Pages = {e2013535118},
Year = {2021},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013535118},
Abstract = {Humans harbor diverse communities of microorganisms, the
majority of which are bacteria in the gastrointestinal
tract. These gut bacterial communities in turn host diverse
bacteriophage (hereafter phage) communities that have a
major impact on their structure, function, and, ultimately,
human health. However, the evolutionary and ecological
origins of these human-associated phage communities are
poorly understood. To address this question, we examined
fecal phageomes of 23 wild nonhuman primate taxa, including
multiple representatives of all the major primate
radiations. We find relatives of the majority of
human-associated phages in wild primates. Primate taxa have
distinct phageome compositions that exhibit a clear
phylosymbiotic signal, and phage-superhost codivergence is
often detected for individual phages. Within species,
neighboring social groups harbor compositionally and
evolutionarily distinct phageomes, which are structured by
superhost social behavior. Captive nonhuman primate phageome
composition is intermediate between that of their wild
counterparts and humans. Phage phylogenies reveal
replacement of wild great ape-associated phages with
human-associated ones in captivity and, surprisingly, show
no signal for the persistence of wild-associated phages in
captivity. Together, our results suggest that potentially
labile primate-phage associations have persisted across
millions of years of evolution. Across primates, these
phylosymbiotic and sometimes codiverging phage communities
are shaped by transmission between groupmates through
grooming and are dramatically modified when primates are
moved into captivity.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2013535118},
Key = {fds355982}
}
@article{fds356171,
Author = {Campos, FA and Archie, EA and Gesquiere, LR and Tung, J and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Glucocorticoid exposure predicts survival in female
baboons.},
Journal = {Science advances},
Volume = {7},
Number = {17},
Pages = {eabf6759},
Year = {2021},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf6759},
Abstract = {Are differences in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
activation across the adult life span linked to differences
in survival? This question has been the subject of
considerable debate. We analyze the link between survival
and fecal glucocorticoid (GC) measures in a wild primate
population, leveraging an unusually extensive longitudinal
dataset of 14,173 GC measurements from 242 adult female
baboons over 1634 female years. We document a powerful link
between GCs and survival: Females with relatively high
current GCs or high lifelong cumulative GCs face an elevated
risk of death. A hypothetical female who maintained GCs in
the top 90% for her age across adulthood would be expected
to lose 5.4 years of life relative to a female who
maintained GCs in the bottom 10% for her age. Hence,
differences among individuals in HPA axis activity provide
valuable prognostic information about disparities in life
span.},
Doi = {10.1126/sciadv.abf6759},
Key = {fds356171}
}
@article{fds356443,
Author = {Johnston, RA and Vullioud, P and Thorley, J and Kirveslahti, H and Shen,
L and Mukherjee, S and Karner, CM and Clutton-Brock, T and Tung,
J},
Title = {Morphological and genomic shifts in mole-rat 'queens'
increase fecundity but reduce skeletal integrity.},
Journal = {eLife},
Volume = {10},
Pages = {e65760},
Year = {2021},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.65760},
Abstract = {In some mammals and many social insects, highly cooperative
societies are characterized by reproductive division of
labor, in which breeders and nonbreeders become behaviorally
and morphologically distinct. While differences in behavior
and growth between breeders and nonbreeders have been
extensively described, little is known of their molecular
underpinnings. Here, we investigate the consequences of
breeding for skeletal morphology and gene regulation in
highly cooperative Damaraland mole-rats. By experimentally
assigning breeding 'queen' status versus nonbreeder status
to age-matched littermates, we confirm that queens
experience vertebral growth that likely confers advantages
to fecundity. However, they also upregulate bone resorption
pathways and show reductions in femoral mass, which predicts
increased vulnerability to fracture. Together, our results
show that, as in eusocial insects, reproductive division of
labor in mole-rats leads to gene regulatory rewiring and
extensive morphological plasticity. However, in mole-rats,
concentrated reproduction is also accompanied by costs to
bone strength.},
Doi = {10.7554/elife.65760},
Key = {fds356443}
}
@article{fds356444,
Author = {Anderson, JA and Johnston, RA and Lea, AJ and Campos, FA and Voyles, TN and Akinyi, MY and Alberts, SC and Archie, EA and Tung,
J},
Title = {High social status males experience accelerated epigenetic
aging in wild baboons.},
Journal = {eLife},
Volume = {10},
Pages = {e66128},
Year = {2021},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.66128},
Abstract = {Aging, for virtually all life, is inescapable. However,
within populations, biological aging rates vary.
Understanding sources of variation in this process is
central to understanding the biodemography of natural
populations. We constructed a DNA methylation-based age
predictor for an intensively studied wild baboon population
in Kenya. Consistent with findings in humans, the resulting
'epigenetic clock' closely tracks chronological age, but
individuals are predicted to be somewhat older or younger
than their known ages. Surprisingly, these deviations are
not explained by the strongest predictors of lifespan in
this population, early adversity and social integration.
Instead, they are best predicted by male dominance rank:
high-ranking males are predicted to be older than their true
ages, and epigenetic age tracks changes in rank over time.
Our results argue that achieving high rank for male baboons
- the best predictor of reproductive success - imposes costs
consistent with a 'live fast, die young' life-history
strategy.},
Doi = {10.7554/elife.66128},
Key = {fds356444}
}
@article{fds352780,
Author = {Weibel, CJ and Tung, J and Alberts, SC and Archie,
EA},
Title = {Accelerated reproduction is not an adaptive response to
early-life adversity in wild baboons.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {117},
Number = {40},
Pages = {24909-24919},
Year = {2020},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004018117},
Abstract = {In humans and other long-lived species, harsh conditions in
early life often lead to profound differences in adult life
expectancy. In response, natural selection is expected to
accelerate the timing and pace of reproduction in
individuals who experience some forms of early-life
adversity. However, the adaptive benefits of reproductive
acceleration following early adversity remain untested.
Here, we test a recent version of this theory, the internal
predictive adaptive response (iPAR) model, by assessing
whether accelerating reproduction following early-life
adversity leads to higher lifetime reproductive success. We
do so by leveraging 48 y of continuous, individual-based
data from wild female baboons in the Amboseli ecosystem in
Kenya, including prospective, longitudinal data on multiple
sources of nutritional and psychosocial adversity in early
life; reproductive pace; and lifetime reproductive success.
We find that while early-life adversity led to dramatically
shorter lifespans, individuals who experienced early
adversity did not accelerate their reproduction compared
with those who did not experience early adversity. Further,
while accelerated reproduction predicted increased lifetime
reproductive success overall, these benefits were not
specific to females who experienced early-life adversity.
Instead, females only benefited from reproductive
acceleration if they also led long lives. Our results call
into question the theory that accelerated reproduction is an
adaptive response to both nutritional and psychosocial
sources of early-life adversity in baboons and other
long-lived species.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2004018117},
Key = {fds352780}
}
@article{fds352634,
Author = {Sanz, J and Maurizio, PL and Snyder-Mackler, N and Simons, ND and Voyles, T and Kohn, J and Michopoulos, V and Wilson, M and Tung, J and Barreiro, LB},
Title = {Social history and exposure to pathogen signals modulate
social status effects on gene regulation in rhesus
macaques.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {117},
Number = {38},
Pages = {23317-23322},
Year = {2020},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1820846116},
Abstract = {Social experience is an important predictor of disease
susceptibility and survival in humans and other social
mammals. Chronic social stress is thought to generate a
proinflammatory state characterized by elevated
antibacterial defenses and reduced investment in antiviral
defense. Here we manipulated long-term social status in
female rhesus macaques to show that social subordination
alters the gene expression response to ex vivo bacterial and
viral challenge. As predicted by current models, bacterial
lipopolysaccharide polarizes the immune response such that
low status corresponds to higher expression of genes in
NF-κB-dependent proinflammatory pathways and lower
expression of genes involved in the antiviral response and
type I IFN signaling. Counter to predictions, however, low
status drives more exaggerated expression of both NF-κB-
and IFN-associated genes after cells are exposed to the
viral mimic Gardiquimod. Status-driven gene expression
patterns are linked not only to social status at the time of
sampling, but also to social history (i.e., past social
status), especially in unstimulated cells. However, for a
subset of genes, we observed interaction effects in which
females who fell in rank were more strongly affected by
current social status than those who climbed the social
hierarchy. Taken together, our results indicate that the
effects of social status on immune cell gene expression
depend on pathogen exposure, pathogen type, and social
history-in support of social experience-mediated biological
embedding in adulthood, even in the conventionally
memory-less innate immune system.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1820846116},
Key = {fds352634}
}
@article{fds350101,
Author = {Anderson, JA and Vilgalys, TP and Tung, J},
Title = {Broadening primate genomics: new insights into the ecology
and evolution of primate gene regulation.},
Journal = {Current opinion in genetics & development},
Volume = {62},
Pages = {16-22},
Year = {2020},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2020.05.009},
Abstract = {Comparative analyses have played a key role in understanding
how gene regulatory evolution contributes to primate
phenotypic diversity. Recently, these studies have expanded
to include a wider range of species, within-population as
well as interspecific analyses, and research on wild as well
as captive individuals. This expansion provides context for
understanding genetic and environmental effects on gene
regulation in humans, including the importance of the
pathogen and social environments. Although taxonomic
representation remains biased, inclusion of more species has
also begun to reveal the evolutionary processes that explain
whether and when gene regulation is conserved. Together,
this work highlights how studies in other primates
contribute to understanding evolution in our own lineage,
and we conclude by identifying promising avenues for future
work.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.gde.2020.05.009},
Key = {fds350101}
}
@article{fds349642,
Author = {Snyder-Mackler, N and Burger, JR and Gaydosh, L and Belsky, DW and Noppert, GA and Campos, FA and Bartolomucci, A and Yang, YC and Aiello,
AE and O'Rand, A and Harris, KM and Shively, CA and Alberts, SC and Tung,
J},
Title = {Social determinants of health and survival in humans and
other animals.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {368},
Number = {6493},
Pages = {eaax9553},
Year = {2020},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aax9553},
Abstract = {The social environment, both in early life and adulthood, is
one of the strongest predictors of morbidity and mortality
risk in humans. Evidence from long-term studies of other
social mammals indicates that this relationship is similar
across many species. In addition, experimental studies show
that social interactions can causally alter animal
physiology, disease risk, and life span itself. These
findings highlight the importance of the social environment
to health and mortality as well as Darwinian
fitness-outcomes of interest to social scientists and
biologists alike. They thus emphasize the utility of
cross-species analysis for understanding the predictors of,
and mechanisms underlying, social gradients in
health.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.aax9553},
Key = {fds349642}
}
@article{fds346852,
Author = {Fan, Y and Vilgalys, TP and Sun, S and Peng, Q and Tung, J and Zhou,
X},
Title = {IMAGE: high-powered detection of genetic effects on DNA
methylation using integrated methylation QTL mapping and
allele-specific analysis.},
Journal = {Genome biology},
Volume = {20},
Number = {1},
Pages = {220},
Year = {2019},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13059-019-1813-1},
Abstract = {Identifying genetic variants that are associated with
methylation variation-an analysis commonly referred to as
methylation quantitative trait locus (mQTL) mapping-is
important for understanding the epigenetic mechanisms
underlying genotype-trait associations. Here, we develop a
statistical method, IMAGE, for mQTL mapping in
sequencing-based methylation studies. IMAGE properly
accounts for the count nature of bisulfite sequencing data
and incorporates allele-specific methylation patterns from
heterozygous individuals to enable more powerful mQTL
discovery. We compare IMAGE with existing approaches through
extensive simulation. We also apply IMAGE to analyze two
bisulfite sequencing studies, in which IMAGE identifies more
mQTL than existing approaches.},
Doi = {10.1186/s13059-019-1813-1},
Key = {fds346852}
}
@article{fds344813,
Author = {Simons, ND and Tung, J},
Title = {Social Status and Gene Regulation: Conservation and Context
Dependence in Primates.},
Journal = {Trends in cognitive sciences},
Volume = {23},
Number = {9},
Pages = {722-725},
Year = {2019},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2019.06.003},
Abstract = {Current models suggest that low social status affects immune
function by increasing inflammation and compromising
antiviral defense. While this pattern appears to be somewhat
conserved, recent studies argue that the gene regulatory
signature of social status also depends on the local
environment and the nature of social hierarchies.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2019.06.003},
Key = {fds344813}
}
@article{fds346571,
Author = {Zipple, MN and Archie, EA and Tung, J and Altmann, J and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Intergenerational effects of early adversity on survival in
wild baboons.},
Journal = {eLife},
Volume = {8},
Pages = {e47433},
Year = {2019},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.47433},
Abstract = {Early life adversity can affect an individual's health,
survival, and fertility for many years after the adverse
experience. Whether early life adversity also imposes
intergenerational effects on the exposed individual's
offspring is not well understood. We fill this gap by
leveraging prospective, longitudinal data on a wild,
long-lived primate. We find that juveniles whose mothers
experienced early life adversity exhibit high mortality
before age 4, independent of the juvenile's own experience
of early adversity. These juveniles often preceded their
mothers in death by 1 to 2 years, indicating that high
adversity females decline in their ability to raise
offspring near the end of life. While we cannot exclude
direct effects of a parent's environment on offspring
quality (e.g., inherited epigenetic changes), our results
are completely consistent with a classic parental effect, in
which the environment experienced by a parent affects its
future phenotype and therefore its offspring's
phenotype.},
Doi = {10.7554/elife.47433},
Key = {fds346571}
}
@article{fds344812,
Author = {Turan, ZG and Parvizi, P and Dönertaş, HM and Tung, J and Khaitovich,
P and Somel, M},
Title = {Molecular footprint of Medawar's mutation accumulation
process in mammalian aging.},
Journal = {Aging cell},
Volume = {18},
Number = {4},
Pages = {e12965},
Year = {2019},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acel.12965},
Abstract = {Medawar's mutation accumulation hypothesis explains aging by
the declining force of natural selection with age: Slightly
deleterious germline mutations expressed in old age can
drift to fixation and thereby lead to aging-related
phenotypes. Although widely cited, empirical evidence for
this hypothesis has remained limited. Here, we test one of
its predictions that genes relatively highly expressed in
old adults should be under weaker purifying selection than
genes relatively highly expressed in young adults. Combining
66 transcriptome datasets (including 16 tissues from five
mammalian species) with sequence conservation estimates
across mammals, here we report that the overall conservation
level of expressed genes is lower at old age compared to
young adulthood. This age-related decrease in transcriptome
conservation (ADICT) is systematically observed in diverse
mammalian tissues, including the brain, liver, lung, and
artery, but not in others, most notably in the muscle and
heart. Where observed, ADICT is driven partly by poorly
conserved genes being up-regulated during aging. In general,
the more often a gene is found up-regulated with age among
tissues and species, the lower its evolutionary
conservation. Poorly conserved and up-regulated genes have
overlapping functional properties that include responses to
age-associated tissue damage, such as apoptosis and
inflammation. Meanwhile, these genes do not appear to be
under positive selection. Hence, genes contributing to old
age phenotypes are found to harbor an excess of slightly
deleterious alleles, at least in certain tissues. This
supports the notion that genetic drift shapes aging in
multicellular organisms, consistent with Medawar's mutation
accumulation hypothesis.},
Doi = {10.1111/acel.12965},
Key = {fds344812}
}
@article{fds342761,
Author = {Grieneisen, LE and Charpentier, MJE and Alberts, SC and Blekhman, R and Bradburd, G and Tung, J and Archie, EA},
Title = {Genes, geology and germs: gut microbiota across a primate
hybrid zone are explained by site soil properties, not host
species.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {286},
Number = {1901},
Pages = {20190431},
Year = {2019},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0431},
Abstract = {Gut microbiota in geographically isolated host populations
are often distinct. These differences have been attributed
to between-population differences in host behaviours,
environments, genetics and geographical distance. However,
which factors are most important remains unknown. Here, we
fill this gap for baboons by leveraging information on 13
environmental variables from 14 baboon populations spanning
a natural hybrid zone. Sampling across a hybrid zone allowed
us to additionally test whether phylosymbiosis
(codiversification between hosts and their microbiota) is
detectable in admixed, closely related primates. We found
little evidence of genetic effects: none of host genetic
ancestry, host genetic relatedness nor genetic distance
between host populations were strong predictors of baboon
gut microbiota. Instead, gut microbiota were best explained
by the baboons' environments, especially the soil's geologic
history and exchangeable sodium. Indeed, soil effects were
15 times stronger than those of host-population
F<sub>ST,</sub> perhaps because soil predicts which foods
are present, or because baboons are terrestrial and consume
soil microbes incidentally with their food. Our results
support an emerging picture in which environmental variation
is the dominant predictor of host-associated microbiomes. We
are the first to show that such effects overshadow host
species identity among members of the same primate
genus.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2019.0431},
Key = {fds342761}
}
@article{fds341043,
Author = {Devoto, AE and Santini, JM and Olm, MR and Anantharaman, K and Munk, P and Tung, J and Archie, EA and Turnbaugh, PJ and Seed, KD and Blekhman, R and Aarestrup, FM and Thomas, BC and Banfield, JF},
Title = {Megaphages infect Prevotella and variants are widespread in
gut microbiomes.},
Journal = {Nature microbiology},
Volume = {4},
Number = {4},
Pages = {693-700},
Year = {2019},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41564-018-0338-9},
Abstract = {Bacteriophages (phages) dramatically shape microbial
community composition, redistribute nutrients via host lysis
and drive evolution through horizontal gene transfer.
Despite their importance, much remains to be learned about
phages in the human microbiome. We investigated the gut
microbiomes of humans from Bangladesh and Tanzania, two
African baboon social groups and Danish pigs; many of these
microbiomes contain phages belonging to a clade with
genomes >540 kilobases in length, the largest yet
reported in the human microbiome and close to the maximum
size ever reported for phages. We refer to these as Lak
phages. CRISPR spacer targeting indicates that Lak phages
infect bacteria of the genus Prevotella. We manually curated
to completion 15 distinct Lak phage genomes recovered from
metagenomes. The genomes display several interesting
features, including use of an alternative genetic code,
large intergenic regions that are highly expressed and up to
35 putative transfer RNAs, some of which contain enigmatic
introns. Different individuals have distinct phage
genotypes, and shifts in variant frequencies over
consecutive sampling days reflect changes in the relative
abundance of phage subpopulations. Recent homologous
recombination has resulted in extensive genome admixture of
nine baboon Lak phage populations. We infer that Lak phages
are widespread in gut communities that contain the
Prevotella species, and conclude that megaphages, with
fascinating and underexplored biology, may be common but
largely overlooked components of human and animal gut
microbiomes.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41564-018-0338-9},
Key = {fds341043}
}
@article{fds341045,
Author = {Vilgalys, TP and Rogers, J and Jolly, CJ and Mukherjee, S and Tung,
J},
Title = {Evolution of DNA Methylation in Papio Baboons.},
Journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
Volume = {36},
Number = {3},
Pages = {527-540},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy227},
Abstract = {Changes in gene regulation have long been thought to play an
important role in primate evolution. However, although a
number of studies have compared genome-wide gene expression
patterns across primate species, fewer have investigated the
gene regulatory mechanisms that underlie such patterns, or
the relative contribution of drift versus selection. Here,
we profiled genome-scale DNA methylation levels in blood
samples from five of the six extant species of the baboon
genus Papio (4-14 individuals per species). This radiation
presents the opportunity to investigate DNA methylation
divergence at both shallow and deeper timescales (0.380-1.4
My). In contrast to studies in human populations, but
similar to studies in great apes, DNA methylation profiles
clearly mirror genetic and geographic structure. Divergence
in DNA methylation proceeds fastest in unannotated regions
of the genome and slowest in regions of the genome that are
likely more constrained at the sequence level (e.g., gene
exons). Both heuristic approaches and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck
models suggest that DNA methylation levels at a small set of
sites have been affected by positive selection, and that
this class is enriched in functionally relevant contexts,
including promoters, enhancers, and CpG islands. Our results
thus indicate that the rate and distribution of DNA
methylation changes across the genome largely mirror genetic
structure. However, at some CpG sites, DNA methylation
levels themselves may have been a target of positive
selection, pointing to loci that could be important in
connecting sequence variation to fitness-related
traits.},
Doi = {10.1093/molbev/msy227},
Key = {fds341045}
}
@article{fds341046,
Author = {Wango, TL and Musiega, D and Mundia, CN and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC and Tung, J},
Title = {Climate and Land Cover Analysis Suggest No Strong Ecological
Barriers to Gene Flow in a Natural Baboon Hybrid
Zone},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {40},
Number = {1},
Pages = {53-70},
Year = {2019},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-017-9989-2},
Abstract = {Admixture between diverging taxa has made, and continues to
make, an important contribution to primate diversity and
evolution. However, although naturally occurring hybrids
have now been documented in all major primate lineages, we
still know relatively little about the factors that shape
when and where admixture occurs. Baboons (genus Papio), in
which multiple natural hybrid zones are well described,
provide a valuable system to investigate these factors.
Here, we combined Geographic Information Systems and weather
station data with information on genetically characterized
populations in southern Kenya to investigate if ecological
variables present a potential barrier to gene flow between
anubis baboons and yellow baboons in the region.
Specifically, we asked if altitude, seasonal temperature, or
seasonal precipitation differ for weather stations in
anubis, yellow, or hybrid ranges in southern Kenya, and if
land cover or altitude covary with population ancestry near
the hybrid zone. Our analyses suggest that the range of
yellow baboons in Kenya is climatically distinct from the
range of anubis baboons, with hybrids in intermediate
regions. However, we identified no clear pattern of climate
or land cover differentiation near the hybrid zone itself.
Thus, when yellow baboons and anubis baboons come into
contact, our data suggest that the resulting population
composition is not consistently predicted by the ecological
variables we considered. Our results support the designation
of baboons as highly flexible “generalists,” and suggest
that more fine-grained analyses (e.g., relative success in
ecologically stressful years) may be necessary to detect
clear signals of ecological barriers to gene
flow.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-017-9989-2},
Key = {fds341046}
}
@article{fds341496,
Author = {Debray, R and Snyder-Mackler, N and Kohn, JN and Wilson, ME and Barreiro, LB and Tung, J},
Title = {Social affiliation predicts mitochondrial DNA copy number in
female rhesus macaques.},
Journal = {Biology letters},
Volume = {15},
Number = {1},
Pages = {20180643},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0643},
Abstract = {In many social mammals, social adversity predicts
compromised health and reduced fitness. These effects are
thought to be driven in part by chronic social stress, but
their molecular underpinnings are not well understood.
Recent work suggests that chronic stress can affect
mitochondrial copy number, heteroplasmy rates and function.
Here, we tested the first two possibilities for the first
time in non-human primates. We manipulated dominance rank in
captive female rhesus macaques ( n = 45), where low rank
induces chronic social stress, and measured mitochondrial
DNA (mtDNA) copy number and heteroplasmy in five peripheral
blood mononuclear cell types from each study subject. We
found no effect of dominance rank on either mtDNA copy
number or heteroplasmy rates. However, grooming rate, a
measure of affiliative social behaviour predicted by high
social status, was positively associated with mtDNA copy
number in B cells, cytotoxic T cells and monocytes. Our
results suggest that social interactions can influence mtDNA
regulation in immune cells. Further, they indicate the
importance of considering both affiliative and competitive
interactions in investigating this relationship.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2018.0643},
Key = {fds341496}
}
@article{fds341729,
Author = {Rogers, J and Raveendran, M and Harris, RA and Mailund, T and Leppälä,
K and Athanasiadis, G and Schierup, MH and Cheng, J and Munch, K and Walker, JA and Konkel, MK and Jordan, V and Steely, CJ and Beckstrom,
TO and Bergey, C and Burrell, A and Schrempf, D and Noll, A and Kothe, M and Kopp, GH and Liu, Y and Murali, S and Billis, K and Martin, FJ and Muffato,
M and Cox, L and Else, J and Disotell, T and Muzny, DM and Phillips-Conroy,
J and Aken, B and Eichler, EE and Marques-Bonet, T and Kosiol, C and Batzer, MA and Hahn, MW and Tung, J and Zinner, D and Roos, C and Jolly,
CJ and Gibbs, RA and Worley, KC and Baboon Genome Analysis
Consortium},
Title = {The comparative genomics and complex population history of
Papio baboons.},
Journal = {Science advances},
Volume = {5},
Number = {1},
Pages = {eaau6947},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau6947},
Abstract = {Recent studies suggest that closely related species can
accumulate substantial genetic and phenotypic differences
despite ongoing gene flow, thus challenging traditional
ideas regarding the genetics of speciation. Baboons (genus
<i>Papio</i>) are Old World monkeys consisting of six
readily distinguishable species. Baboon species hybridize in
the wild, and prior data imply a complex history of
differentiation and introgression. We produced a reference
genome assembly for the olive baboon (<i>Papio anubis</i>)
and whole-genome sequence data for all six extant species.
We document multiple episodes of admixture and introgression
during the radiation of <i>Papio</i> baboons, thus
demonstrating their value as a model of complex evolutionary
divergence, hybridization, and reticulation. These results
help inform our understanding of similar cases, including
modern humans, Neanderthals, Denisovans, and other ancient
hominins.},
Doi = {10.1126/sciadv.aau6947},
Key = {fds341729}
}
@article{fds341044,
Author = {Snyder-Mackler, N and Sanz, J and Kohn, JN and Voyles, T and Pique-Regi,
R and Wilson, ME and Barreiro, LB and Tung, J},
Title = {Social status alters chromatin accessibility and the gene
regulatory response to glucocorticoid stimulation in rhesus
macaques.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {116},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1219-1228},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811758115},
Abstract = {Low social status is an important predictor of disease
susceptibility and mortality risk in humans and other social
mammals. These effects are thought to stem in part from
dysregulation of the glucocorticoid (GC)-mediated stress
response. However, the molecular mechanisms that connect low
social status and GC dysregulation to downstream health
outcomes remain elusive. Here, we used an in vitro GC
challenge to investigate the consequences of experimentally
manipulated social status (i.e., dominance rank) for immune
cell gene regulation in female rhesus macaques, using paired
control and GC-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cell
samples. We show that social status not only influences
immune cell gene expression but also chromatin accessibility
at hundreds of regions in the genome. Social status effects
on gene expression were less pronounced following GC
treatment than under control conditions. In contrast, social
status effects on chromatin accessibility were stable across
conditions, resulting in an attenuated relationship between
social status, chromatin accessibility, and gene expression
after GC exposure. Regions that were more accessible in
high-status animals and regions that become more accessible
following GC treatment were enriched for a highly concordant
set of transcription factor binding motifs, including motifs
for the GC receptor cofactor AP-1. Together, our findings
support the hypothesis that social status alters the
dynamics of GC-mediated gene regulation and identify
chromatin accessibility as a mechanism involved in social
stress-driven GC resistance. More broadly, they emphasize
the context-dependent nature of social status effects on
gene regulation and implicate epigenetic remodeling of
chromatin accessibility as a contributing
factor.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1811758115},
Key = {fds341044}
}
@article{fds342137,
Author = {Snyder-Mackler, N and Voyles, T and Tung, J},
Title = {Generating RNA Baits for Capture-Based Enrichment.},
Journal = {Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)},
Volume = {1963},
Pages = {107-120},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9176-1_12},
Abstract = {Capture-based enrichment techniques have revolutionized
genomic analysis of species and populations for which only
low-quality or contaminated DNA samples (e.g., ancient DNA,
noninvasively collected DNA, environmental DNA) are
available. This chapter outlines an optimized laboratory
protocol for generating RNA "baits" for genome-wide capture
of target DNA from a larger pool of DNA. This method relies
on the in vitro transcription of biotinylated RNA baits,
which has the dual benefit of eliminating the high cost of
synthesizing custom baits and producing a bait set that
targets the majority of regions genome-wide. We provide a
detailed protocol for the three main steps involved in bait
library construction: (1) making a DNA library from a
high-quality DNA sample for the organism of interest or a
closely related species; (2) using duplex-specific nuclease
digestion to reduce the representation of repetitive regions
in the DNA library; and (3) performing in vitro
transcription of the repetitive region-depleted DNA library
to generate biotinylated RNA baits. Where applicable, we
include notes and recommendations based on our own
experiences.},
Doi = {10.1007/978-1-4939-9176-1_12},
Key = {fds342137}
}
@article{fds349868,
Author = {Walker, JA and Jordan, VE and Storer, JM and Steely, CJ and Gonzalez-Quiroga, P and Beckstrom, TO and Rewerts, LC and St Romain,
CP and Rockwell, CE and Rogers, J and Jolly, CJ and Konkel, MK and Baboon
Genome Analysis Consortium, and Batzer, MA},
Title = {Alu insertion polymorphisms shared by Papio
baboons and Theropithecus gelada reveal an
intertwined common ancestry.},
Journal = {Mobile DNA},
Volume = {10},
Pages = {46},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13100-019-0187-y},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Baboons (genus <i>Papio</i>) and geladas
(<i>Theropithecus gelada</i>) are now generally recognized
as close phylogenetic relatives, though morphologically
quite distinct and generally classified in separate genera.
Primate specific <i>Alu</i> retrotransposons are
well-established genomic markers for the study of
phylogenetic and population genetic relationships. We
previously reported a computational reconstruction of
<i>Papio</i> phylogeny using large-scale whole genome
sequence (WGS) analysis of <i>Alu</i> insertion
polymorphisms. Recently, high coverage WGS was generated for
<i>Theropithecus gelada.</i> The objective of this study was
to apply the high-throughput "poly-Detect" method to
computationally determine the number of <i>Alu</i> insertion
polymorphisms shared by <i>T. gelada</i> and <i>Papio</i>,
and vice versa, by each individual <i>Papio</i> species and
<i>T. gelada</i>. Secondly, we performed locus-specific
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays on a diverse DNA
panel to complement the computational data.<h4>Results</h4>We
identified 27,700 <i>Alu</i> insertions from <i>T.
gelada</i> WGS that were also present among six <i>Papio</i>
species, with nearly half (12,956) remaining unfixed among
12 <i>Papio</i> individuals. Similarly, each of the six
<i>Papio</i> species had species-indicative <i>Alu</i>
insertions that were also present in <i>T. gelada</i>. In
general, <i>P. kindae</i> shared more insertion
polymorphisms with <i>T. gelada</i> than did any of the
other five <i>Papio</i> species. PCR-based genotype data
provided additional support for the computational
findings.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our discovery that several
thousand <i>Alu</i> insertion polymorphisms are shared by
<i>T. gelada</i> and <i>Papio</i> baboons suggests a much
more permeable reproductive barrier between the two genera
then previously suspected. Their intertwined evolution
likely involves a long history of admixture, gene flow and
incomplete lineage sorting.},
Doi = {10.1186/s13100-019-0187-y},
Key = {fds349868}
}
@article{fds340588,
Author = {Lea, AJ and Vockley, CM and Johnston, RA and Del Carpio and CA and Barreiro, LB and Reddy, TE and Tung, J},
Title = {Genome-wide quantification of the effects of DNA methylation
on human gene regulation.},
Journal = {Elife},
Volume = {7},
Year = {2018},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.37513},
Abstract = {Changes in DNA methylation are involved in development,
disease, and the response to environmental conditions.
However, not all regulatory elements are functionally
methylation-dependent (MD). Here, we report a method,
mSTARR-seq, that assesses the causal effects of DNA
methylation on regulatory activity at hundreds of thousands
of fragments (millions of CpG sites) simultaneously. Using
mSTARR-seq, we identify thousands of MD regulatory elements
in the human genome. MD activity is partially predictable
using sequence and chromatin state information, and distinct
transcription factors are associated with higher activity in
unmethylated versus methylated DNA. Further, pioneer TFs
linked to higher activity in the methylated state appear to
drive demethylation of experimentally methylated sites. MD
regulatory elements also predict methylation-gene expression
relationships across individuals, where they are 1.6x
enriched among sites with strong negative correlations.
mSTARR-seq thus provides a map of MD regulatory activity in
the human genome and facilitates interpretation of
differential methylation studies.},
Doi = {10.7554/eLife.37513},
Key = {fds340588}
}
@article{fds340756,
Author = {Lea, AJ and Akinyi, MY and Nyakundi, R and Mareri, P and Nyundo, F and Kariuki, T and Alberts, SC and Archie, EA and Tung,
J},
Title = {Dominance rank-associated gene expression is widespread,
sex-specific, and a precursor to high social status in wild
male baboons.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {115},
Number = {52},
Pages = {E12163-E12171},
Year = {2018},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811967115},
Abstract = {In humans and other hierarchical species, social status is
tightly linked to variation in health and fitness-related
traits. Experimental manipulations of social status in
female rhesus macaques suggest that this relationship is
partially explained by status effects on immune gene
regulation. However, social hierarchies are established and
maintained in different ways across species: While some are
based on kin-directed nepotism, others emerge from direct
physical competition. We investigated how this variation
influences the relationship between social status and immune
gene regulation in wild baboons, where hierarchies in males
are based on fighting ability but female hierarchies are
nepotistic. We measured rank-related variation in gene
expression levels in adult baboons of both sexes at baseline
and in response to ex vivo stimulation with the bacterial
endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We identified >2,000
rank-associated genes in males, an order of magnitude more
than in females. In males, high status predicted increased
expression of genes involved in innate immunity and
preferential activation of the NF-κB-mediated
proinflammatory pathway, a pattern previously associated
with low status in female rhesus macaques. Using Mendelian
randomization, we reconcile these observations by
demonstrating that high status-associated gene expression
patterns are precursors, not consequences, of high social
status in males, in support of the idea that physiological
condition determines who attains high rank. Together, our
work provides a test of the relationship between social
status and immune gene regulation in wild primates. It also
emphasizes the importance of social context in shaping the
relationship between social status and immune
function.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1811967115},
Key = {fds340756}
}
@article{fds337435,
Author = {Lea, A and Akinyi, M and Nyakundi, R and Mareri, P and Nyundo, F and Kariuki, T and Alberts, S and Archie, E and Tung,
J},
Title = {Dominance rank-associated immune gene expression is
widespread, sex-specific, and a precursor to high social
status in wild male baboons},
Year = {2018},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/366021},
Abstract = {<h4>ABSTRACT</h4> In humans and other hierarchical species,
social status is tightly linked to variation in health and
fitness-related traits. Experimental manipulations of social
status in female rhesus macaques suggest that this
relationship is partially explained by status effects on
immune gene regulation. However, social hierarchies are
established and maintained in different ways across species:
while some are based on kin-directed nepotism, others emerge
from direct physical competition. We investigated how this
variation influences the relationship between social status
and immune gene regulation in wild baboons, where
hierarchies in males are based on fighting ability but
female hierarchies are nepotistic. We measured rank-related
variation in gene expression levels in adult baboons of both
sexes at baseline and in response to ex vivo stimulation
with the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We
identified >2000 rank- associated genes in males, an order
of magnitude more than in females. In males, high status
predicted increased expression of genes involved in innate
immunity and preferential activation of the NFkB-mediated
pro-inflammatory pathway, a pattern previously associated
with low status in female rhesus macaques. Using Mendelian
randomization, we reconcile these observations by
demonstrating that high status-associated gene expression
patterns are precursors, not consequences, of high social
status in males, in support of the idea that physiological
condition determines who attains high rank. Together, our
work provides the first test of the relationship between
social status and immune gene regulation in wild primates.
It also emphasizes the importance of social context in
shaping the relationship between social status and immune
function. <h4>SIGNIFICANCE</h4> Social status predicts
fitness outcomes in social animals, motivating efforts to
understand its physiological causes and consequences. We
investigated the relationship between social status and
immune gene expression in wild baboons, where female status
is determined by kinship but male status is determined by
fighting ability. We uncover pervasive status-gene
expression associations in males, but not females. High
status males exhibit high levels of pro-inflammatory gene
expression, in contrast to previous findings in hierarchies
that are not competitively determined. Using Mendelian
randomization, we show that this status-associated variation
precedes dominance rank attainment: males who compete
successfully for high status are already immunologically
distinct. The nature of social hierarchies thus
fundamentally shapes the relationship between social status
and immune function.},
Doi = {10.1101/366021},
Key = {fds337435}
}
@article{fds329005,
Author = {Tung, J and Barreiro, LB},
Title = {The contribution of admixture to primate
evolution.},
Journal = {Current opinion in genetics & development},
Volume = {47},
Pages = {61-68},
Year = {2017},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2017.08.010},
Abstract = {Genome-wide data on genetic variation are now available for
multiple primate species and populations, facilitating
analyses of evolutionary history within and across taxa. One
emerging theme from these studies involves the central role
of admixture. Genomic data sets indicate that both ancient
gene flow following initial taxonomic divergence and ongoing
gene flow at current species boundaries are common. These
findings are of particular interest given evidence for a
complex history of admixture in our own lineage, including
examples of ecologically driven adaptive introgression. Like
other aspects of human biology, studies of nonhuman primates
thus provide both comparative context and a living model for
understanding admixture dynamics in hominins. We highlight
several open questions that could be addressed in future
work.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.gde.2017.08.010},
Key = {fds329005}
}
@article{fds329562,
Author = {Grieneisen, LE and Livermore, J and Alberts, S and Tung, J and Archie,
EA},
Title = {Group Living and Male Dispersal Predict the Core Gut
Microbiome in Wild Baboons.},
Journal = {Integrative and comparative biology},
Volume = {57},
Number = {4},
Pages = {770-785},
Year = {2017},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icx046},
Abstract = {The mammalian gut microbiome plays a profound role in the
physiology, metabolism, and overall health of its host.
However, biologists have only a nascent understanding of the
forces that drive inter-individual heterogeneity in gut
microbial composition, especially the role of host social
environment. Here we used 178 samples from 78 wild yellow
baboons (Papio cynocephalus) living in two social groups to
test how host social context, including group living, social
interactions within groups, and transfer between social
groups (e.g., dispersal) predict inter-individual variation
in gut microbial alpha and beta diversity. We also tested
whether social effects differed for prevalent "core" gut
microbial taxa, which are thought to provide primary
functions to hosts, versus rare "non-core" microbes, which
may represent relatively transient environmental
acquisitions. Confirming prior studies, we found that each
social group harbored a distinct gut microbial community.
These differences included both non-core and core gut
microbial taxa, suggesting that these effects are not solely
driven by recent gut microbial exposures. Within social
groups, close grooming partners had more similar core
microbiomes, but not non-core microbiomes, than individuals
who rarely groomed each other, even controlling for kinship
and diet similarity between grooming partners. Finally, in
support of the idea that the gut microbiome can be altered
by current social context, we found that the longer an
immigrant male had lived in a given social group, the more
closely his gut microbiome resembled the gut microbiomes of
the group's long-term residents. Together, these results
reveal the importance of a host's social context in shaping
the gut microbiome and shed new light onto the
microbiome-related consequences of male dispersal.},
Doi = {10.1093/icb/icx046},
Key = {fds329562}
}
@article{fds339826,
Author = {Steely, CJ and Walker, JA and Jordan, VE and Beckstrom, TO and McDaniel,
CL and St Romain and CP and Bennett, EC and Robichaux, A and Clement, BN and Raveendran, M and Baboon Genome Analysis Consortium, and Worley,
KC and Phillips-Conroy, J and Jolly, CJ and Rogers, J and Konkel, MK and Batzer, MA},
Title = {Alu Insertion Polymorphisms as Evidence for Population
Structure in Baboons.},
Journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
Volume = {9},
Number = {9},
Pages = {2418-2427},
Year = {2017},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evx184},
Abstract = {Male dispersal from the natal group at or near maturity is a
feature of most baboon (Papio) species. It potentially has
profound effects upon population structure and evolutionary
processes, but dispersal, especially for unusually long
distances, is not readily documented by direct field
observation. In this pilot study, we investigate the
possibility of retrieving baboon population structure in
yellow (Papio cynocephalus) and kinda (Papio kindae) baboons
from the distribution of variation in a genome-wide set of
494 Alu insertion polymorphisms, made available via the
recently completed Baboon Genome Analysis Consortium. Alu
insertion variation in a mixed population derived from
yellow and olive (Papio anubis) baboons identified each
individual's proportion of heritage from either parental
species. In an unmixed yellow baboon population, our
analysis showed greater similarity between neighboring than
between more distantly situated groups, suggesting
structuring of the population by male dispersal distance.
Finally (and very provisionally), an unexpectedly sharp
difference in Alu insertion frequencies between members of
neighboring social groups of kinda baboons suggests that
intergroup migration may be more rare than predicted in this
little known species.},
Doi = {10.1093/gbe/evx184},
Key = {fds339826}
}
@article{fds329563,
Author = {Lea, AJ and Vilgalys, TP and Durst, PAP and Tung,
J},
Title = {Maximizing ecological and evolutionary insight in bisulfite
sequencing data sets.},
Journal = {Nature ecology & evolution},
Volume = {1},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1074-1083},
Year = {2017},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0229-0},
Abstract = {Genome-scale bisulfite sequencing approaches have opened the
door to ecological and evolutionary studies of DNA
methylation in many organisms. These approaches can be
powerful. However, they introduce new methodological and
statistical considerations, some of which are particularly
relevant to non-model systems. Here, we highlight how these
considerations influence a study's power to link methylation
variation with a predictor variable of interest. Relative to
current practice, we argue that sample sizes will need to
increase to provide robust insights. We also provide
recommendations for overcoming common challenges and an R
Shiny app to aid in study design.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41559-017-0229-0},
Key = {fds329563}
}
@article{fds327299,
Author = {Snyder-Mackler, N and Tung, J},
Title = {Vasopressin and the Neurogenetics of Parental
Care.},
Journal = {Neuron},
Volume = {95},
Number = {1},
Pages = {9-11},
Year = {2017},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.027},
Abstract = {Making robust connections between genetic variation,
neurophysiology, and social behavior remains a challenge. A
study by Bendesky et al. (2017) tackles this challenge by
dissecting the genetic architecture of parental care in deer
mice to discover an important contribution of vasopressin
signaling to the evolution of nest building.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.027},
Key = {fds327299}
}
@article{fds327300,
Author = {Sun, S and Hood, M and Scott, L and Peng, Q and Mukherjee, S and Tung, J and Zhou, X},
Title = {Differential expression analysis for RNAseq using Poisson
mixed models.},
Journal = {Nucleic acids research},
Volume = {45},
Number = {11},
Pages = {e106},
Year = {2017},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkx204},
Abstract = {Identifying differentially expressed (DE) genes from RNA
sequencing (RNAseq) studies is among the most common
analyses in genomics. However, RNAseq DE analysis presents
several statistical and computational challenges, including
over-dispersed read counts and, in some settings, sample
non-independence. Previous count-based methods rely on
simple hierarchical Poisson models (e.g. negative binomial)
to model independent over-dispersion, but do not account for
sample non-independence due to relatedness, population
structure and/or hidden confounders. Here, we present a
Poisson mixed model with two random effects terms that
account for both independent over-dispersion and sample
non-independence. We also develop a scalable sampling-based
inference algorithm using a latent variable representation
of the Poisson distribution. With simulations, we show that
our method properly controls for type I error and is
generally more powerful than other widely used approaches,
except in small samples (n <15) with other unfavorable
properties (e.g. small effect sizes). We also apply our
method to three real datasets that contain related
individuals, population stratification or hidden
confounders. Our results show that our method increases
power in all three data compared to other approaches, though
the power gain is smallest in the smallest sample (n = 6).
Our method is implemented in MACAU, freely available at
www.xzlab.org/software.html.},
Doi = {10.1093/nar/gkx204},
Key = {fds327300}
}
@article{fds327301,
Author = {Archie, EA and Tung, J and Blekhman, R and Barreiro, L and Grieneisen,
L and Alberts, SC and Altmann, J},
Title = {Socially structured gut microbiomes in wild
baboons},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {57},
Pages = {E194-E194},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2017},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds327301}
}
@article{fds325685,
Author = {Miller, EA and Livermore, JA and Alberts, SC and Tung, J and Archie,
EA},
Title = {Ovarian cycling and reproductive state shape the vaginal
microbiota in wild baboons.},
Journal = {Microbiome},
Volume = {5},
Number = {1},
Pages = {8},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40168-017-0228-z},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>The vaginal microbiome is an important
site of bacterial-mammalian symbiosis. This symbiosis is
currently best characterized for humans, where lactobacilli
dominate the microbial community and may help defend women
against infectious disease. However, lactobacilli do not
dominate the vaginal microbiota of any other mammal studied
to date, raising key questions about the forces that shape
the vaginal microbiome in non-human mammals.<h4>Results</h4>We
used Illumina sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene to
investigate variation in the taxonomic composition of the
vaginal microbiota in 48 baboons (Papio cynocephalus),
members of a well-studied wild population in Kenya. Similar
to prior studies, we found that the baboon vaginal
microbiota was not dominated by lactobacilli. Despite this
difference, and similar to humans, reproductive state was
the dominant predictor of baboon vaginal microbiota, with
pregnancy, postpartum amenorrhea, and ovarian cycling
explaining 18% of the variance in community composition.
Furthermore, among cycling females, a striking 39% of
variance in community composition was explained by ovarian
cycle phase, with an especially distinctive microbial
community around ovulation. Periovulatory females exhibited
the highest relative abundance of lactic acid-producing
bacteria compared to any other phase, with a mean relative
abundance of 44%. To a lesser extent, sexual behavior,
especially a history of shared sexual partners, also
predicted vaginal microbial similarity between
baboons.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Despite striking differences in
their dominant microbes, both human and baboon vaginal
microbiota exhibit profound changes in composition in
response to reproductive state, ovarian cycle phase, and
sexual behavior. We found major shifts in composition during
ovulation, which may have implications for disease risk and
conception success. These findings highlight the need for
future studies to account for fine-scale differences in
reproductive state, particularly differences between the
various phases of the ovarian cycle. Overall, our work
contributes to an emerging understanding of the forces that
explain intra- and inter-individual variation in the
mammalian vaginal microbiome, with particular emphasis on
its role in host health and disease risk.},
Doi = {10.1186/s40168-017-0228-z},
Key = {fds325685}
}
@article{fds337333,
Author = {Lea, AJ and Tung, J and Archie, EA and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Developmental plasticity: Bridging research in evolution and
human health.},
Journal = {Evolution, medicine, and public health},
Volume = {2017},
Number = {1},
Pages = {162-175},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eox019},
Abstract = {Early life experiences can have profound and persistent
effects on traits expressed throughout the life course, with
consequences for later life behavior, disease risk, and
mortality rates. The shaping of later life traits by early
life environments, known as 'developmental plasticity', has
been well-documented in humans and non-human animals, and
has consequently captured the attention of both evolutionary
biologists and researchers studying human health.
Importantly, the parallel significance of developmental
plasticity across multiple fields presents a timely
opportunity to build a comprehensive understanding of this
phenomenon. We aim to facilitate this goal by highlighting
key outstanding questions shared by both evolutionary and
health researchers, and by identifying theory and empirical
work from both research traditions that is designed to
address these questions. Specifically, we focus on: (i)
evolutionary explanations for developmental plasticity, (ii)
the genetics of developmental plasticity and (iii) the
molecular mechanisms that mediate developmental plasticity.
In each section, we emphasize the conceptual gains in human
health and evolutionary biology that would follow from
filling current knowledge gaps using interdisciplinary
approaches. We encourage researchers interested in
developmental plasticity to evaluate their own work in light
of research from diverse fields, with the ultimate goal of
establishing a cross-disciplinary understanding of
developmental plasticity.},
Doi = {10.1093/emph/eox019},
Key = {fds337333}
}
@article{fds337436,
Author = {Lea, AJ and Tung, J and Archie, EA and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Developmental plasticity research in evolution and human
health: Response to commentaries.},
Journal = {Evolution, medicine, and public health},
Volume = {2017},
Number = {1},
Pages = {201-205},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoy007},
Doi = {10.1093/emph/eoy007},
Key = {fds337436}
}
@article{fds322457,
Author = {Kohn, JN and Snyder-Mackler, N and Barreiro, LB and Johnson, ZP and Tung, J and Wilson, ME},
Title = {Dominance rank causally affects personality and
glucocorticoid regulation in female rhesus
macaques.},
Journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology},
Volume = {74},
Pages = {179-188},
Year = {2016},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.09.005},
Abstract = {Low social status is frequently associated with heightened
exposure to social stressors and altered glucocorticoid
regulation by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
Additionally, personality differences can affect how
individuals behave in response to social conditions, and
thus may aggravate or protect against the effects of low
status on HPA function. Disentangling the relative
importance of personality from the effects of the social
environment on the HPA axis has been challenging, since
social status can predict aspects of behavior, and both can
remain stable across the lifespan. To do so here, we studied
an animal model of social status and social behavior, the
rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). We performed two sequential
experimental manipulations of dominance rank (i.e., social
status) in 45 adult females, allowing us to characterize
personality and glucocorticoid regulation (based on
sensitivity to the exogenous glucocorticoid dexamethasone)
in each individual while she occupied two different
dominance ranks. We identified two behavioral
characteristics, termed 'social approachability' and
'boldness,' which were highly social status-dependent.
Social approachability and a third dimension, anxiousness,
were also associated with cortisol dynamics in low status
females, suggesting that behavioral tendencies may sensitize
individuals to the effects of low status on HPA axis
function. Finally, we found that improvements in dominance
rank increased dexamethasone-induced acute cortisol
suppression and glucocorticoid negative feedback. Our
findings indicate that social status causally affects both
behavioral tendencies and glucocorticoid regulation, and
that some behavioral tendencies also independently affect
cortisol levels, beyond the effects of rank. Together, they
highlight the importance of considering personality and
social status together when investigating their effects on
HPA axis function.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.09.005},
Key = {fds322457}
}
@article{fds322458,
Author = {Snyder-Mackler, N and Sanz, J and Kohn, JN and Brinkworth, JF and Morrow, S and Shaver, AO and Grenier, J-C and Pique-Regi, R and Johnson,
ZP and Wilson, ME and Barreiro, LB and Tung, J},
Title = {Social status alters immune regulation and response to
infection in macaques.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {354},
Number = {6315},
Pages = {1041-1045},
Year = {2016},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aah3580},
Abstract = {Social status is one of the strongest predictors of human
disease risk and mortality, and it also influences Darwinian
fitness in social mammals more generally. To understand the
biological basis of these effects, we combined genomics with
a social status manipulation in female rhesus macaques to
investigate how status alters immune function. We
demonstrate causal but largely plastic social status effects
on immune cell proportions, cell type-specific gene
expression levels, and the gene expression response to
immune challenge. Further, we identify specific
transcription factor signaling pathways that explain these
differences, including low-status-associated polarization of
the Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway toward a
proinflammatory response. Our findings provide insight into
the direct biological effects of social inequality on immune
function, thus improving our understanding of social
gradients in health.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.aah3580},
Key = {fds322458}
}
@article{fds322459,
Author = {Nédélec, Y and Sanz, J and Baharian, G and Szpiech, ZA and Pacis, A and Dumaine, A and Grenier, J-C and Freiman, A and Sams, AJ and Hebert, S and Pagé Sabourin and A and Luca, F and Blekhman, R and Hernandez, RD and Pique-Regi, R and Tung, J and Yotova, V and Barreiro,
LB},
Title = {Genetic Ancestry and Natural Selection Drive Population
Differences in Immune Responses to Pathogens.},
Journal = {Cell},
Volume = {167},
Number = {3},
Pages = {657-669.e21},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.09.025},
Abstract = {Individuals from different populations vary considerably in
their susceptibility to immune-related diseases. To
understand how genetic variation and natural selection
contribute to these differences, we tested for the effects
of African versus European ancestry on the transcriptional
response of primary macrophages to live bacterial pathogens.
A total of 9.3% of macrophage-expressed genes show
ancestry-associated differences in the gene regulatory
response to infection, and African ancestry specifically
predicts a stronger inflammatory response and reduced
intracellular bacterial growth. A large proportion of these
differences are under genetic control: for 804 genes, more
than 75% of ancestry effects on the immune response can be
explained by a single cis- or trans-acting expression
quantitative trait locus (eQTL). Finally, we show that
genetic effects on the immune response are strongly enriched
for recent, population-specific signatures of adaptation.
Together, our results demonstrate how historical selective
events continue to shape human phenotypic diversity today,
including for traits that are key to controlling
infection.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2016.09.025},
Key = {fds322459}
}
@article{fds322460,
Author = {Blekhman, R and Tang, K and Archie, EA and Barreiro, LB and Johnson, ZP and Wilson, ME and Kohn, J and Yuan, ML and Gesquiere, L and Grieneisen, LE and Tung, J},
Title = {Common methods for fecal sample storage in field studies
yield consistent signatures of individual identity in
microbiome sequencing data.},
Journal = {Scientific reports},
Volume = {6},
Pages = {31519},
Year = {2016},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep31519},
Abstract = {Field studies of wild vertebrates are frequently associated
with extensive collections of banked fecal samples-unique
resources for understanding ecological, behavioral, and
phylogenetic effects on the gut microbiome. However, we do
not understand whether sample storage methods confound the
ability to investigate interindividual variation in gut
microbiome profiles. Here, we extend previous work on
storage methods for gut microbiome samples by comparing
immediate freezing, the gold standard of preservation, to
three methods commonly used in vertebrate field studies:
lyophilization, storage in ethanol, and storage in RNAlater.
We found that the signature of individual identity
consistently outweighed storage effects: alpha diversity and
beta diversity measures were significantly correlated across
methods, and while samples often clustered by donor, they
never clustered by storage method. Provided that all
analyzed samples are stored the same way, banked fecal
samples therefore appear highly suitable for investigating
variation in gut microbiota. Our results open the door to a
much-expanded perspective on variation in the gut microbiome
across species and ecological contexts.},
Doi = {10.1038/srep31519},
Key = {fds322460}
}
@article{fds322461,
Author = {Charruau, P and Johnston, RA and Stahler, DR and Lea, A and Snyder-Mackler, N and Smith, DW and vonHoldt, BM and Cole, SW and Tung,
J and Wayne, RK},
Title = {Pervasive Effects of Aging on Gene Expression in Wild
Wolves.},
Journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
Volume = {33},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1967-1978},
Year = {2016},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw072},
Abstract = {Gene expression levels change as an individual ages and
responds to environmental conditions. With the exception of
humans, such patterns have principally been studied under
controlled conditions, overlooking the array of
developmental and environmental influences that organisms
encounter under conditions in which natural selection
operates. We used high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq)
of whole blood to assess the relative impacts of social
status, age, disease, and sex on gene expression levels in a
natural population of gray wolves (Canis lupus). Our
findings suggest that age is broadly associated with gene
expression levels, whereas other examined factors have
minimal effects on gene expression patterns. Further, our
results reveal evolutionarily conserved signatures of
senescence, such as immunosenescence and metabolic aging,
between wolves and humans despite major differences in life
history and environment. The effects of aging on gene
expression levels in wolves exhibit conservation with
humans, but the more rapid expression differences observed
in aging wolves is evolutionarily appropriate given the
species' high level of extrinsic mortality due to
intraspecific aggression. Some expression changes that occur
with age can facilitate physical age-related changes that
may enhance fitness in older wolves. However, the expression
of these ancestral patterns of aging in descendant modern
dogs living in highly modified domestic environments may be
maladaptive and cause disease. This work provides
evolutionary insight into aging patterns observed in
domestic dogs and demonstrates the applicability of studying
natural populations to investigate the mechanisms of
aging.},
Doi = {10.1093/molbev/msw072},
Key = {fds322461}
}
@article{fds322194,
Author = {Wall, JD and Schlebusch, SA and Alberts, SC and Cox, LA and Snyder-Mackler, N and Nevonen, KA and Carbone, L and Tung,
J},
Title = {Genomewide ancestry and divergence patterns from
low-coverage sequencing data reveal a complex history of
admixture in wild baboons.},
Journal = {Molecular ecology},
Volume = {25},
Number = {14},
Pages = {3469-3483},
Year = {2016},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.13684},
Abstract = {Naturally occurring admixture has now been documented in
every major primate lineage, suggesting its key role in
primate evolutionary history. Active primate hybrid zones
can provide valuable insight into this process. Here, we
investigate the history of admixture in one of the
best-studied natural primate hybrid zones, between yellow
baboons (Papio cynocephalus) and anubis baboons (Papio
anubis) in the Amboseli ecosystem of Kenya. We generated a
new genome assembly for yellow baboon and low-coverage
genomewide resequencing data from yellow baboons, anubis
baboons and known hybrids (n = 44). Using a novel
composite likelihood method for estimating local ancestry
from low-coverage data, we found high levels of genetic
diversity and genetic differentiation between the parent
taxa, and excellent agreement between genome-scale ancestry
estimates and a priori pedigree, life history and
morphology-based estimates (r(2) = 0.899). However, even
putatively unadmixed Amboseli yellow individuals carried a
substantial proportion of anubis ancestry, presumably due to
historical admixture. Further, the distribution of shared
vs. fixed differences between a putatively unadmixed
Amboseli yellow baboon and an unadmixed anubis baboon, both
sequenced at high coverage, is inconsistent with simple
isolation-migration or equilibrium migration models. Our
findings suggest a complex process of intermittent contact
that has occurred multiple times in baboon evolutionary
history, despite no obvious fitness costs to hybrids or
major geographic or behavioural barriers. In combination
with the extensive phenotypic data available for baboon
hybrids, our results provide valuable context for
understanding the history of admixture in primates,
including in our own lineage.},
Doi = {10.1111/mec.13684},
Key = {fds322194}
}
@article{fds322195,
Author = {Snyder-Mackler, N and Majoros, WH and Yuan, ML and Shaver, AO and Gordon, JB and Kopp, GH and Schlebusch, SA and Wall, JD and Alberts, SC and Mukherjee, S and Zhou, X and Tung, J},
Title = {Efficient Genome-Wide Sequencing and Low-Coverage Pedigree
Analysis from Noninvasively Collected Samples.},
Journal = {Genetics},
Volume = {203},
Number = {2},
Pages = {699-714},
Year = {2016},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.116.187492},
Abstract = {Research on the genetics of natural populations was
revolutionized in the 1990s by methods for genotyping
noninvasively collected samples. However, these methods have
remained largely unchanged for the past 20 years and lag far
behind the genomics era. To close this gap, here we report
an optimized laboratory protocol for genome-wide capture of
endogenous DNA from noninvasively collected samples, coupled
with a novel computational approach to reconstruct pedigree
links from the resulting low-coverage data. We validated
both methods using fecal samples from 62 wild baboons,
including 48 from an independently constructed extended
pedigree. We enriched fecal-derived DNA samples up to
40-fold for endogenous baboon DNA and reconstructed
near-perfect pedigree relationships even with extremely
low-coverage sequencing. We anticipate that these methods
will be broadly applicable to the many research systems for
which only noninvasive samples are available. The lab
protocol and software ("WHODAD") are freely available at
www.tung-lab.org/protocols-and-software.html and
www.xzlab.org/software.html, respectively.},
Doi = {10.1534/genetics.116.187492},
Key = {fds322195}
}
@article{fds322196,
Author = {Tung, J and Archie, EA and Altmann, J and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Cumulative early life adversity predicts longevity in wild
baboons},
Journal = {Nat Commun},
Volume = {7},
Pages = {11181},
Publisher = {Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers
Limited. All Rights Reserved.},
Year = {2016},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11181},
Abstract = {In humans and other animals, harsh circumstances in early
life predict morbidity and mortality in adulthood. Multiple
adverse conditions are thought to be especially toxic, but
this hypothesis has rarely been tested in a prospective,
longitudinal framework, especially in long-lived mammals.
Here we use prospective data on 196 wild female baboons to
show that cumulative early adversity predicts natural adult
lifespan. Females who experience [ge]3 sources of early
adversity die a median of 10 years earlier than females who
experience [le]1 adverse circumstances (median lifespan is
18.5 years). Females who experience the most adversity are
also socially isolated in adulthood, suggesting that social
processes partially explain the link between early adversity
and adult survival. Our results provide powerful evidence
for the developmental origins of health and disease and
indicate that close ties between early adversity and
survival arise even in the absence of health habit and
health care-related explanations.},
Doi = {10.1038/ncomms11181},
Key = {fds322196}
}
@article{fds322197,
Author = {Lea, AJ and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC and Tung, J},
Title = {Resource base influences genome-wide DNA methylation levels
in wild baboons (Papio cynocephalus).},
Journal = {Molecular ecology},
Volume = {25},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1681-1696},
Year = {2016},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.13436},
Abstract = {Variation in resource availability commonly exerts strong
effects on fitness-related traits in wild animals. However,
we know little about the molecular mechanisms that mediate
these effects, or about their persistence over time. To
address these questions, we profiled genome-wide whole-blood
DNA methylation levels in two sets of wild baboons: (i)
'wild-feeding' baboons that foraged naturally in a savanna
environment and (ii) 'Lodge' baboons that had ready access
to spatially concentrated human food scraps, resulting in
high feeding efficiency and low daily travel distances. We
identified 1014 sites (0.20% of sites tested) that were
differentially methylated between wild-feeding and Lodge
baboons, providing the first evidence that resource
availability shapes the epigenome in a wild mammal.
Differentially methylated sites tended to occur in
contiguous stretches (i.e., in differentially methylated
regions or DMRs), in promoters and enhancers, and near
metabolism-related genes, supporting their functional
importance in gene regulation. In agreement, reporter assay
experiments confirmed that methylation at the largest
identified DMR, located in the promoter of a key
glycolysis-related gene, was sufficient to causally drive
changes in gene expression. Intriguingly, all dispersing
males carried a consistent epigenetic signature of their
membership in a wild-feeding group, regardless of whether
males dispersed into or out of this group as adults.
Together, our findings support a role for DNA methylation in
mediating ecological effects on phenotypic traits in the
wild and emphasize the dynamic environmental sensitivity of
DNA methylation levels across the life course.},
Doi = {10.1111/mec.13436},
Key = {fds322197}
}
@article{fds327302,
Author = {Miller, CM and Snyder-Mackler, N and Nga, N and Fashing, PJ and Tung, J and Gustison, ML and Wilson, ML},
Title = {Male reproductive strategies and paternity success in the
multilevel social system of gelada monkeys from Guassa, Menz
Highlands, Ethiopia},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {230-230},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds327302}
}
@article{fds327303,
Author = {Snyder-Mackler, N and Kohn, JN and Barreiro, LB and Johnson, ZP and Wilson, ME and Tung, J},
Title = {Social status drives social relationships in groups of
unrelated female rhesus macaques.},
Journal = {Animal behaviour},
Volume = {111},
Pages = {307-317},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.10.033},
Abstract = {Strong social relationships confer health and fitness
benefits in a number of species, motivating the need to
understand the processes through which they arise. In female
cercopithecine primates, both kinship and dominance rank are
thought to influence rates of affiliative behaviour and
social partner preference. Teasing apart the relative
importance of these factors has been challenging, however,
as female kin often occupy similar positions in the
dominance hierarchy. Here, we isolated the specific effects
of rank on social relationships in female rhesus macaques by
analysing grooming patterns in 18 social groups that did not
contain close relatives, and in which dominance ranks were
experimentally randomized. We found that grooming was
asymmetrically directed towards higher-ranking females and
that grooming bouts temporarily decreased the likelihood of
aggression between grooming partners, supporting the idea
that grooming is associated with social tolerance. Even in
the absence of kin, females formed the strongest grooming
relationships with females adjacent to them in rank, a
pattern that was strongest for the highest-ranking females.
Using simulations, we show that three rules for allocating
grooming based on dominance rank recapitulated most of the
relationships we observed. Finally, we evaluated whether a
female's tendency to engage in grooming behaviour was stable
across time and social setting. We found that one measure,
the rate of grooming females provided to others (but not the
rate of grooming females received), exhibited modest
stability after accounting for the primary effect of
dominance rank. Together, our findings indicate that
dominance rank has strong effects on social relationships in
the absence of kin, suggesting the importance of considering
social status and social connectedness jointly when
investigating their health and fitness consequences.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.10.033},
Key = {fds327303}
}
@article{fds241312,
Author = {Archie, EA and Tung, J},
Title = {Social behavior and the microbiome},
Journal = {Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences},
Volume = {6},
Pages = {28-34},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2015},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {2352-1546},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.07.008},
Abstract = {Animals are home to diverse bacterial communities that can
affect their hosts' physiology, metabolism, and
susceptibility to disease. Here we highlight recent research
that reveals surprising and important connections between an
individual's microbiome and its social behavior. We focus on
two recent discoveries: (i) that social interactions can
affect the taxonomic and genic composition of animal
microbiomes, with consequences for microbiome function and
potentially host fitness, and (ii) that microbiomes can
affect host social behavior by producing chemical signals
used in social communication and by directly influencing
host nervous systems. Investigating the reciprocal
relationships between host behavior and the microbiome thus
promises to shed new light on both the evolution of host
social behavior and microbial transmission
strategies.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.07.008},
Key = {fds241312}
}
@article{fds327304,
Author = {Pacis, A and Tailleux, L and Morin, AM and Lambourne, J and MacIsaac,
JL and Yotova, V and Dumaine, A and Danckaert, A and Luca, F and Grenier,
J-C and Hansen, KD and Gicquel, B and Yu, M and Pai, A and He, C and Tung, J and Pastinen, T and Kobor, MS and Pique-Regi, R and Gilad, Y and Barreiro,
LB},
Title = {Bacterial infection remodels the DNA methylation landscape
of human dendritic cells.},
Journal = {Genome research},
Volume = {25},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1801-1811},
Year = {2015},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.192005.115},
Abstract = {DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark thought to be robust
to environmental perturbations on a short time scale. Here,
we challenge that view by demonstrating that the infection
of human dendritic cells (DCs) with a live pathogenic
bacteria is associated with rapid and active demethylation
at thousands of loci, independent of cell division. We
performed an integrated analysis of data on genome-wide DNA
methylation, histone mark patterns, chromatin accessibility,
and gene expression, before and after infection. We found
that infection-induced demethylation rarely occurs at
promoter regions and instead localizes to distal enhancer
elements, including those that regulate the activation of
key immune transcription factors. Active demethylation is
associated with extensive epigenetic remodeling, including
the gain of histone activation marks and increased chromatin
accessibility, and is strongly predictive of changes in the
expression levels of nearby genes. Collectively, our
observations show that active, rapid changes in DNA
methylation in enhancers play a previously unappreciated
role in regulating the transcriptional response to
infection, even in nonproliferating cells.},
Doi = {10.1101/gr.192005.115},
Key = {fds327304}
}
@article{fds327305,
Author = {Lea, AJ and Tung, J and Zhou, X},
Title = {A Flexible, Efficient Binomial Mixed Model for Identifying
Differential DNA Methylation in Bisulfite Sequencing
Data.},
Journal = {PLoS genetics},
Volume = {11},
Number = {11},
Pages = {e1005650},
Year = {2015},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005650},
Abstract = {Identifying sources of variation in DNA methylation levels
is important for understanding gene regulation. Recently,
bisulfite sequencing has become a popular tool for
investigating DNA methylation levels. However, modeling
bisulfite sequencing data is complicated by dramatic
variation in coverage across sites and individual samples,
and because of the computational challenges of controlling
for genetic covariance in count data. To address these
challenges, we present a binomial mixed model and an
efficient, sampling-based algorithm (MACAU: Mixed model
association for count data via data augmentation) for
approximate parameter estimation and p-value computation.
This framework allows us to simultaneously account for both
the over-dispersed, count-based nature of bisulfite
sequencing data, as well as genetic relatedness among
individuals. Using simulations and two real data sets (whole
genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) data from Arabidopsis
thaliana and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing
(RRBS) data from baboons), we show that our method provides
well-calibrated test statistics in the presence of
population structure. Further, it improves power to detect
differentially methylated sites: in the RRBS data set, MACAU
detected 1.6-fold more age-associated CpG sites than a
beta-binomial model (the next best approach). Changes in
these sites are consistent with known age-related shifts in
DNA methylation levels, and are enriched near genes that are
differentially expressed with age in the same population.
Taken together, our results indicate that MACAU is an
efficient, effective tool for analyzing bisulfite sequencing
data, with particular salience to analyses of structured
populations. MACAU is freely available at
www.xzlab.org/software.html.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pgen.1005650},
Key = {fds327305}
}
@article{fds241311,
Author = {Franz, M and McLean, E and Tung, J and Altmann, J and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Self-organizing dominance hierarchies in a wild primate
population.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {282},
Number = {1814},
Pages = {20151512},
Year = {2015},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0962-8452},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1512},
Abstract = {Linear dominance hierarchies, which are common in social
animals, can profoundly influence access to limited
resources, reproductive opportunities and health. In spite
of their importance, the mechanisms that govern the dynamics
of such hierarchies remain unclear. Two hypotheses explain
how linear hierarchies might emerge and change over time.
The 'prior attributes hypothesis' posits that individual
differences in fighting ability directly determine dominance
ranks. By contrast, the 'social dynamics hypothesis' posits
that dominance ranks emerge from social self-organization
dynamics such as winner and loser effects. While the prior
attributes hypothesis is well supported in the literature,
current support for the social dynamics hypothesis is
limited to experimental studies that artificially eliminate
or minimize individual differences in fighting abilities.
Here, we present the first evidence supporting the social
dynamics hypothesis in a wild population. Specifically, we
test for winner and loser effects on male hierarchy dynamics
in wild baboons, using a novel statistical approach based on
the Elo rating method for cardinal rank assignment, which
enables the detection of winner and loser effects in
uncontrolled group settings. Our results demonstrate (i) the
presence of winner and loser effects, and (ii) that
individual susceptibility to such effects may have a genetic
basis. Taken together, our results show that both social
self-organization dynamics and prior attributes can combine
to influence hierarchy dynamics even when agonistic
interactions are strongly influenced by differences in
individual attributes. We hypothesize that, despite
variation in individual attributes, winner and loser effects
exist (i) because these effects could be particularly
beneficial when fighting abilities in other group members
change over time, and (ii) because the coevolution of prior
attributes and winner and loser effects maintains a balance
of both effects.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2015.1512},
Key = {fds241311}
}
@article{fds241314,
Author = {Lea, AJ and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC and Tung, J},
Title = {Developmental constraints in a wild primate.},
Journal = {The American naturalist},
Volume = {185},
Number = {6},
Pages = {809-821},
Year = {2015},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0003-0147},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/681016},
Abstract = {Early-life experiences can dramatically affect adult traits.
However, the evolutionary origins of such early-life effects
are debated. The predictive adaptive response hypothesis
argues that adverse early environments prompt adaptive
phenotypic adjustments that prepare animals for similar
challenges in adulthood. In contrast, the developmental
constraints hypothesis argues that early adversity is
generally costly. To differentiate between these hypotheses,
we studied two sets of wild female baboons: those born
during low-rainfall, low-quality years and those born during
normal-rainfall, high-quality years. For each female, we
measured fertility-related fitness components during years
in adulthood that matched and mismatched her early
conditions. We found support for the developmental
constraints hypothesis: females born in low-quality
environments showed greater decreases in fertility during
drought years than females born in high-quality
environments, even though drought years matched the early
conditions of females born in low-quality environments.
Additionally, we found that females born in low-quality
years to high-status mothers did not experience reduced
fertility during drought years. These results indicate that
early ecological adversity did not prepare individuals to
cope with ecological challenges in later life. Instead,
individuals that experienced at least one high-quality early
environment--either ecological or social--were more
resilient to ecological stress in later life. Together,
these data suggest that early adversity carries lifelong
costs, which is consistent with the developmental
constraints hypothesis.},
Doi = {10.1086/681016},
Key = {fds241314}
}
@article{fds241318,
Author = {Tung, J and Barreiro, LB and Burns, MB and Grenier, J-C and Lynch, J and Grieneisen, LE and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC and Blekhman, R and Archie, EA},
Title = {Social networks predict gut microbiome composition in wild
baboons.},
Journal = {eLife},
Volume = {4},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.05224},
Abstract = {Social relationships have profound effects on health in
humans and other primates, but the mechanisms that explain
this relationship are not well understood. Using shotgun
metagenomic data from wild baboons, we found that social
group membership and social network relationships predicted
both the taxonomic structure of the gut microbiome and the
structure of genes encoded by gut microbial species. Rates
of interaction directly explained variation in the gut
microbiome, even after controlling for diet, kinship, and
shared environments. They therefore strongly implicate
direct physical contact among social partners in the
transmission of gut microbial species. We identified 51
socially structured taxa, which were significantly enriched
for anaerobic and non-spore-forming lifestyles. Our results
argue that social interactions are an important determinant
of gut microbiome composition in natural animal
populations-a relationship with important ramifications for
understanding how social relationships influence health, as
well as the evolution of group living.},
Doi = {10.7554/elife.05224},
Key = {fds241318}
}
@article{fds241316,
Author = {Snyder-Mackler, N and Kohn, J and Moore, C and Johnson, ZP and Wilson,
ME and Tung, J},
Title = {Dominance rank and rank disparity predict female rhesus
macaque social relationships even in the absence of kin
networks},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {156},
Pages = {293-293},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000350594902089&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds241316}
}
@article{fds241317,
Author = {Tung, J and Zhou, X and Alberts, SC and Stephens, M and Gilad,
Y},
Title = {The genetic architecture of gene expression levels in wild
baboons.},
Journal = {eLife},
Volume = {4},
Year = {2015},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.04729},
Abstract = {Primate evolution has been argued to result, in part, from
changes in how genes are regulated. However, we still know
little about gene regulation in natural primate populations.
We conducted an RNA sequencing (RNA-seq)-based study of
baboons from an intensively studied wild population. We
performed complementary expression quantitative trait locus
(eQTL) mapping and allele-specific expression analyses,
discovering substantial evidence for, and surprising power
to detect, genetic effects on gene expression levels in the
baboons. eQTL were most likely to be identified for
lineage-specific, rapidly evolving genes; interestingly,
genes with eQTL significantly overlapped between baboons and
a comparable human eQTL data set. Our results suggest that
genes vary in their tolerance of genetic perturbation, and
that this property may be conserved across species. Further,
they establish the feasibility of eQTL mapping using RNA-seq
data alone, and represent an important step towards
understanding the genetic architecture of gene expression in
primates.},
Doi = {10.7554/elife.04729},
Key = {fds241317}
}
@article{fds241313,
Author = {Galbany, J and Tung, J and Altmann, J and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Canine length in wild male baboons: maturation, aging and
social dominance rank.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {10},
Number = {5},
Pages = {e0126415},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126415},
Abstract = {Canines represent an essential component of the dentition
for any heterodont mammal. In primates, like many other
mammals, canines are frequently used as weapons. Hence,
tooth size and wear may have significant implications for
fighting ability, and consequently for social dominance
rank, reproductive success, and fitness. We evaluated
sources of variance in canine growth and length in a
well-studied wild primate population because of the
potential importance of canines for male reproductive
success in many primates. Specifically, we measured
maxillary canine length in 80 wild male baboons (aged
5.04-20.45 years) from the Amboseli ecosystem in southern
Kenya, and examined its relationship with maturation, age,
and social dominance rank. In our analysis of maturation, we
compared food-enhanced baboons (those that fed part time at
a refuse pit associated with a tourist lodge) with
wild-feeding males, and found that food-enhanced males
achieved long canines earlier than wild-feeding males. Among
adult males, canine length decreased with age because of
tooth wear. We found some evidence that, after controlling
for age, longer canines were associated with higher adult
dominance rank (accounting for 9% of the variance in rank),
but only among relatively high-ranking males. This result
supports the idea that social rank, and thus reproductive
success and fitness, may depend in part on fighting ability
mediated by canine size.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0126415},
Key = {fds241313}
}
@misc{fds326192,
Author = {Tung, J},
Title = {Genes revisited: The biodemography of social environmental
variation through a functional genomics lens},
Pages = {39-64},
Booktitle = {Sociality, Hierarchy, Health: Comparative Biodemography: A
Collection of Papers},
Publisher = {National Academies Press},
Year = {2014},
Month = {October},
ISBN = {9780309306614},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/18822},
Doi = {10.17226/18822},
Key = {fds326192}
}
@article{fds241319,
Author = {Archie, EA and Tung, J and Clark, M and Altmann, J and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Social affiliation matters: both same-sex and opposite-sex
relationships predict survival in wild female
baboons.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {281},
Number = {1793},
Pages = {20141261},
Year = {2014},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0962-8452},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1261},
Abstract = {Social integration and support can have profound effects on
human survival. The extent of this phenomenon in non-human
animals is largely unknown, but such knowledge is important
to understanding the evolution of both lifespan and
sociality. Here, we report evidence that levels of
affiliative social behaviour (i.e. 'social connectedness')
with both same-sex and opposite-sex conspecifics predict
adult survival in wild female baboons. In the Amboseli
ecosystem in Kenya, adult female baboons that were socially
connected to either adult males or adult females lived
longer than females who were socially isolated from both
sexes--females with strong connectedness to individuals of
both sexes lived the longest. Female social connectedness to
males was predicted by high dominance rank, indicating that
males are a limited resource for females, and females
compete for access to male social partners. To date, only a
handful of animal studies have found that social
relationships may affect survival. This study extends those
findings by examining relationships to both sexes in by far
the largest dataset yet examined for any animal. Our results
support the idea that social effects on survival are
evolutionarily conserved in social mammals.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2014.1261},
Key = {fds241319}
}
@article{fds241323,
Author = {Snyder-Mackler, N and Somel, M and Tung, J},
Title = {Shared signatures of social stress and aging in peripheral
blood mononuclear cell gene expression profiles.},
Journal = {Aging cell},
Volume = {13},
Number = {5},
Pages = {954-957},
Year = {2014},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1474-9718},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acel.12239},
Abstract = {Chronic social stress is a predictor of both aging-related
disease and mortality risk. Hence, chronic stress has been
hypothesized to directly exacerbate the process of
physiological aging. Here, we evaluated this hypothesis at
the level of gene regulation. We compared two data sets of
genome-wide gene expression levels in peripheral blood
mononuclear cells (PBMCs): one that captured aging effects
and another that focused on chronic social stress. Overall,
we found that the direction, although not necessarily the
magnitude, of significant gene expression changes tends to
be shared between the two data sets. This overlap was
observable at three levels: (i) individual genes; (ii)
general functional categories of genes; and (iii) molecular
pathways implicated in aging. However, we also found
evidence that heterogeneity in PBMC composition limits the
power to detect more extensive similarities, suggesting that
our findings reflect an underestimate of the degree to which
age and social stress influence gene regulation in parallel.
Cell type-specific data on gene regulation will be important
to overcome this limitation in the future
studies.},
Doi = {10.1111/acel.12239},
Key = {fds241323}
}
@article{fds241315,
Author = {Tung, J},
Title = {INSIGHTS FROM PRIMATE MODELS FOR HUMAN SOCIALITY: SYNERGIES
BETWEEN STUDIES IN CAPTIVITY AND THE FIELD},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY},
Volume = {76},
Pages = {47-47},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2014},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000349374300033&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds241315}
}
@article{fds303350,
Author = {Tung, J},
Title = {Functional and Evolutionary Genetics of a Wild Baboon
Population},
Year = {2014},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds303350}
}
@article{fds241322,
Author = {Gallego Romero and I and Pai, AA and Tung, J and Gilad,
Y},
Title = {RNA-seq: impact of RNA degradation on transcript
quantification.},
Journal = {BMC biology},
Volume = {12},
Pages = {42},
Year = {2014},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1741-7007-12-42},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>The use of low quality RNA samples in
whole-genome gene expression profiling remains
controversial. It is unclear if transcript degradation in
low quality RNA samples occurs uniformly, in which case the
effects of degradation can be corrected via data
normalization, or whether different transcripts are degraded
at different rates, potentially biasing measurements of
expression levels. This concern has rendered the use of low
quality RNA samples in whole-genome expression profiling
problematic. Yet, low quality samples (for example, samples
collected in the course of fieldwork) are at times the sole
means of addressing specific questions.<h4>Results</h4>We
sought to quantify the impact of variation in RNA quality on
estimates of gene expression levels based on RNA-seq data.
To do so, we collected expression data from tissue samples
that were allowed to decay for varying amounts of time prior
to RNA extraction. The RNA samples we collected spanned the
entire range of RNA Integrity Number (RIN) values (a metric
commonly used to assess RNA quality). We observed widespread
effects of RNA quality on measurements of gene expression
levels, as well as a slight but significant loss of library
complexity in more degraded samples.<h4>Conclusions</h4>While
standard normalizations failed to account for the effects of
degradation, we found that by explicitly controlling for the
effects of RIN using a linear model framework we can correct
for the majority of these effects. We conclude that in
instances in which RIN and the effect of interest are not
associated, this approach can help recover biologically
meaningful signals in data from degraded RNA
samples.},
Doi = {10.1186/1741-7007-12-42},
Key = {fds241322}
}
@article{fds241324,
Author = {Tung, J and Lea, AJ and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Social and ecological predictors of DNA methylation in wild
baboons},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {153},
Pages = {256-256},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000331225100855&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds241324}
}
@article{fds241325,
Author = {Tung, J and Gilad, Y},
Title = {Social environmental effects on gene regulation},
Journal = {Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences},
Volume = {70},
Number = {22},
Pages = {4323-4339},
Year = {2013},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1420-682X},
url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00018-013-1357-6},
Abstract = {Social environmental conditions, particularly the experience
of social adversity, have long been connected with health
and mortality in humans and other social mammals. Efforts to
identify the physiological basis for these effects have
historically focused on their neurological,
endocrinological, and immunological consequences. Recently,
this search has been extended to understanding the role of
gene regulation in sensing, mediating, and determining
susceptibility to social environmental variation. Studies in
laboratory rodents, captive primates, and human populations
have revealed correlations between social conditions and the
regulation of a large number of genes, some of which are
likely causal. Gene expression responses to the social
environment are, in turn, mediated by a set of underlying
regulatory mechanisms, of which epigenetic marks are the
best studied to date. Importantly, a number of genes
involved in the response to the social environment are also
associated with susceptibility to other external stressors,
as well as certain diseases. Hence, gene regulatory studies
are a promising avenue for understanding, and potentially
developing strategies to address, the effects of social
adversity on health. © 2013 The Author(s).},
Doi = {10.1007/s00018-013-1357-6},
Key = {fds241325}
}
@misc{fds241321,
Author = {Tung, J and Loisel, DA},
Title = {Genetic variation in the immune system of old world monkeys:
functional and selective effects},
Pages = {375 pages},
Booktitle = {Primates, Pathogens, and Evolution},
Publisher = {Springer Verlag},
Editor = {Brinkworth, J and Pechenkina, E},
Year = {2013},
Month = {July},
ISBN = {9781461471806},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7181-3_3},
Doi = {10.1007/978-1-4614-7181-3_3},
Key = {fds241321}
}
@article{fds220017,
Author = {N.M. Snyder-Mackler and M. Somel and J. Tung},
Title = {Shared signatures of social stress and aging in PBMC gene
expression profiles.},
Year = {2013},
Abstract = {Chronic social stress is a predictor of aging-related
disease and death. Hence, chronic stress has been suggested
to exacerbate the process of physiological aging. Here we
tested this possibility by comparing two data sets on
genome-wide gene expression levels in peripheral blood
mononuclear cells (PBMCs), one of which captured aging
effects on gene expression and the other which focused on
chronic social stress. We found that, as predicted,
increased chronic social stress and older age changed gene
expression levels in similar directions among genes that
were independently and significantly correlated with both
variables. Further, both social stress and age influenced
overlapping functional categories of genes. However,
gene-specific parallels were difficult to identify, in part
due to age- and social stress-related changes in PBMC
composition, which limit comparisons in this heterogeneous
tissue type. Thus, although aging and social stress do
appear to lead to broadly similar patterns of gene
expression, cell type-specific data will be important for
identifying many of the individual biomarkers associated
with both processes.},
Key = {fds220017}
}
@article{fds219342,
Author = {M. Akinyi and J. Tung and M. Jenneby and N.B.Patel, J. Altmann and S.C.Alberts},
Title = {Role of grooming in reducing tick burdens in wild
baboons},
Journal = {Animal Behavior},
Volume = {85},
Pages = {559-568},
Year = {2013},
Abstract = {Nonhuman primate species spend a conspicuous amount of time
grooming during social interactions, a behaviour that
probably serves both social and health-related functions.
While the social implications of grooming have been
relatively well studied, less attention has been paid to the
health benefits, especially the removal of ectoparasites,
which may act as vectors in disease transmission. In this
study, we examined whether grooming behaviour reduced tick
load (number of ticks) and haemoprotozoan infection status
in a population of wild adult baboons (Papio cynocephalus).
We found that younger and higher-ranking adults were groomed
more often than older, low-ranking adults, and females were
groomed more often than males. Animals that received more
grooming, in turn, had lower tick loads. Baboons with lower
tick loads had higher packed red cell volume (PCV or
haematocrit), one general measure of health status. We
detected a tick-borne haemoprotozoan, Babesia microti, but
its low prevalence in the population precluded identifying
sources of variance in infection.},
Key = {fds219342}
}
@article{fds241330,
Author = {Barreiro, LB and Tung, J},
Title = {Getting under—and through—the skin: ecological genomics
of chytridiomycosis infection in frogs.},
Journal = {Molecular ecology},
Volume = {21},
Number = {13},
Pages = {3095-3097},
Year = {2012},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0962-1083},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05624.x},
Abstract = {Amphibian species around the world are currently becoming
endangered or lost at a rate that outstrips other
vertebrates—victims of a combination of habitat loss,
climate change and susceptibility to emerging infectious
disease (Stuart et al. 2004). One of the most devastating
such diseases is caused by the chytrid fungus
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which infects hundreds
of amphibian species on multiple continents. While Bd itself
has been characterized for some time, we still know little
about the mechanisms that make it so deadly. In this issue
of Molecular Ecology, Rosenblum et al. describe a genomic
approach to this question, reporting the results of a
genome-wide analysis of the transcriptional response to Bd
in the liver, skin and spleen of mountain yellow-legged
frogs (Rana mucosa and R. sierrae: Fig. 1) (Rosenblum et al.
2012). Their results indicate that the skin is not only the
first, but likely the most important, line of defence in
these animals. Strikingly, they describe a surprisingly
modest immune response to infection in Rana, a result that
may help explain variable Bd susceptibility across
populations and species.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05624.x},
Key = {fds241330}
}
@article{fds241338,
Author = {Tung, J and Charpentier, MJE and Mukherjee, S and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Genetic effects on mating success and partner choice in a
social mammal.},
Journal = {The American naturalist},
Volume = {180},
Number = {1},
Pages = {113-129},
Year = {2012},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22673655},
Abstract = {Mating behavior has profound consequences for two
phenomena--individual reproductive success and the
maintenance of species boundaries--that contribute to
evolutionary processes. Studies of mating behavior in
relation to individual reproductive success are common in
many species, but studies of mating behavior in relation to
genetic variation and species boundaries are less commonly
conducted in socially complex species. Here we leveraged
extensive observations of a wild yellow baboon (Papio
cynocephalus) population that has experienced recent gene
flow from a close sister taxon, the anubis baboon (Papio
anubis), to examine how admixture-related genetic background
affects mating behavior. We identified novel effects of
genetic background on mating patterns, including an
advantage accruing to anubis-like males and assortative
mating among both yellow-like and anubis-like pairs. These
genetic effects acted alongside social dominance rank,
inbreeding avoidance, and age to produce highly nonrandom
mating patterns. Our results suggest that this population
may be undergoing admixture-related evolutionary change,
driven in part by nonrandom mating. However, the strength of
the genetic effect is mediated by behavioral plasticity and
social interactions, emphasizing the strong influence of
social context on mating behavior in socially complex
species.},
Doi = {10.1086/665993},
Key = {fds241338}
}
@article{fds241337,
Author = {Tung, J and Barreiro, LB and Johnson, ZP and Hansen, KD and Michopoulos,
V and Toufexis, D and Michelini, K and Wilson, ME and Gilad,
Y},
Title = {Social environment is associated with gene regulatory
variation in the rhesus macaque immune system.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {109},
Number = {17},
Pages = {6490-6495},
Year = {2012},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22493251},
Abstract = {Variation in the social environment is a fundamental
component of many vertebrate societies. In humans and other
primates, adverse social environments often translate into
lasting physiological costs. The biological mechanisms
associated with these effects are therefore of great
interest, both for understanding the evolutionary impacts of
social behavior and in the context of human health. However,
large gaps remain in our understanding of the mechanisms
that mediate these effects at the molecular level. Here we
addressed these questions by leveraging the power of an
experimental system that consisted of 10 social groups of
female macaques, in which each individual's social status
(i.e., dominance rank) could be experimentally controlled.
Using this paradigm, we show that dominance rank results in
a widespread, yet plastic, imprint on gene regulation, such
that peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression data
alone predict social status with 80% accuracy. We
investigated the mechanistic basis of these effects using
cell type-specific gene expression profiling and
glucocorticoid resistance assays, which together contributed
to rank effects on gene expression levels for 694 (70%) of
the 987 rank-related genes. We also explored the possible
contribution of DNA methylation levels to these effects, and
identified global associations between dominance rank and
methylation profiles that suggest epigenetic flexibility in
response to status-related behavioral cues. Together, these
results illuminate the importance of the molecular response
to social conditions, particularly in the immune system, and
demonstrate a key role for gene regulation in linking the
social environment to individual physiology.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1202734109},
Key = {fds241337}
}
@article{fds241333,
Author = {Charpentier, MJE and Fontaine, MC and Cherel, E and Renoult, JP and Jenkins, T and Benoit, L and Barthès, N and Alberts, SC and Tung,
J},
Title = {Genetic structure in a dynamic baboon hybrid zone
corroborates behavioural observations in a hybrid
population.},
Journal = {Molecular ecology},
Volume = {21},
Number = {3},
Pages = {715-731},
Year = {2012},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0962-1083},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05302.x},
Abstract = {Behaviour and genetic structure are intimately related:
mating patterns and patterns of movement between groups or
populations influence the movement of genetic variation
across the landscape and from one generation to the next. In
hybrid zones, the behaviour of the hybridizing taxa can also
impact the incidence and outcome of hybridization events.
Hybridization between yellow baboons and anubis baboons has
been well documented in the Amboseli basin of Kenya, where
more anubis-like individuals tend to experience maturational
and reproductive advantages. However, it is unknown whether
these advantages are reflected in the genetic structure of
populations surrounding this area. Here, we used
microsatellite genotype data to evaluate the structure and
composition of baboon populations in southern Kenya. Our
results indicate that, unlike for mitochondrial DNA,
microsatellite-based measures of genetic structure concord
with phenotypically based taxonomic distinctions and that
the currently active hybrid zone is relatively narrow.
Isolation with migration analysis revealed asymmetric gene
flow in this region from anubis populations into yellow
populations, in support of the anubis-biased phenotypic
advantages observed in Amboseli. Populations that are
primarily yellow but that receive anubis gene flow exhibit
higher levels of genetic diversity than yellow populations
far from the introgression front. Our results support
previous work that indicates a long history of hybridization
and introgression among East African baboons. Specifically,
it suggests that anubis baboons are in the process of
gradual range expansion into the range of yellow baboons, a
pattern potentially explained by behavioural and life
history advantages that correlate with anubis
ancestry.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05302.x},
Key = {fds241333}
}
@article{fds241329,
Author = {Harper, KN and Fyumagwa, RD and Hoare, R and Wambura, PN and Coppenhaver, DH and Sapolsky, RM and Alberts, SC and Tung, J and Rogers,
J and Kilewo, M and Batamuzi, EK and Leendertz, FH and Armelagos, GJ and Knauf, S},
Title = {Treponema pallidum infection in the wild baboons of East
Africa: distribution and genetic characterization of the
strains responsible.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {7},
Number = {12},
Pages = {e50882},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1932-6203},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000312794500017&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {It has been known for decades that wild baboons are
naturally infected with Treponema pallidum, the bacterium
that causes the diseases syphilis (subsp. pallidum), yaws
(subsp. pertenue), and bejel (subsp. endemicum) in humans.
Recently, a form of T. pallidum infection associated with
severe genital lesions has been described in wild baboons at
Lake Manyara National Park in Tanzania. In this study, we
investigated ten additional sites in Tanzania and Kenya
using a combination of macroscopic observation and serology,
in order to determine whether the infection was present in
each area. In addition, we obtained genetic sequence data
from six polymorphic regions using T. pallidum strains
collected from baboons at two different Tanzanian sites. We
report that lesions consistent with T. pallidum infection
were present at four of the five Tanzanian sites examined,
and serology was used to confirm treponemal infection at
three of these. By contrast, no signs of treponemal
infection were observed at the six Kenyan sites, and
serology indicated T. pallidum was present at only one of
them. A survey of sexually mature baboons at Lake Manyara
National Park in 2006 carried out as part of this study
indicated that roughly ten percent displayed T.
pallidum-associated lesions severe enough to cause major
structural damage to the genitalia. Finally, we found that
T. pallidum strains from Lake Manyara National Park and
Serengeti National Park were genetically distinct, and a
phylogeny suggested that baboon strains may have diverged
prior to the clade containing human strains. We conclude
that T. pallidum infection associated with genital lesions
appears to be common in the wild baboons of the regions
studied in Tanzania. Further study is needed to elucidate
the infection's transmission mode, its associated morbidity
and mortality, and the relationship between baboon and human
strains.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0050882},
Key = {fds241329}
}
@article{fds241334,
Author = {Babbitt, CC and Tung, J and Wray, GA and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Changes in gene expression associated with reproductive
maturation in wild female baboons.},
Journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
Volume = {4},
Number = {2},
Pages = {102-109},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1759-6653},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evr134},
Abstract = {Changes in gene expression during development play an
important role in shaping morphological and behavioral
differences, including between humans and nonhuman primates.
Although many of the most striking developmental changes
occur during early development, reproductive maturation
represents another critical window in primate life history.
However, this process is difficult to study at the molecular
level in natural primate populations. Here, we took
advantage of ovarian samples made available through an
unusual episode of human-wildlife conflict to identify genes
that are important in this process. Specifically, we used
RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to compare genome-wide gene
expression patterns in the ovarian tissue of juvenile and
adult female baboons from Amboseli National Park, Kenya. We
combined this information with prior evidence of selection
occurring on two primate lineages (human and chimpanzee). We
found that in cases in which genes were both differentially
expressed over the course of ovarian maturation and also
linked to lineage-specific selection this selective
signature was much more likely to occur in regulatory
regions than in coding regions. These results suggest that
adaptive change in the development of the primate ovary may
be largely driven at the mechanistic level by selection on
gene regulation, potentially in relationship to the
physiology or timing of female reproductive
maturation.},
Doi = {10.1093/gbe/evr134},
Key = {fds241334}
}
@article{fds241326,
Author = {Akinyi, MY and Tung, J and Jenneby, M and Patel, NB and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Role of grooming in reducing tick load in wild baboons
(Papio cynocephalus)},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {85},
Number = {3},
Pages = {559-568},
Year = {2012},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.12.012},
Abstract = {Nonhuman primate species spend a conspicuous amount of time
grooming during social interactions, a behavior that
probably serves both social and health-related functions.
While the social implications of grooming have been
relatively well studied, less attention has been paid to the
health benefits, especially the removal of ectoparasites,
which may act as vectors in disease transmission. In this
study, we examined the relationship between grooming
behavior, tick load (number of ticks), and haemoprotozoan
infection status in a population of wild free-ranging
baboons (<i>Papio cynocephalus</i>). We found that the
amount of grooming received was influenced by an
individual's age, sex and dominance rank. The amount of
grooming received, in turn, affected the tick load of an
individual. Baboons with higher tick loads had lower packed
red cell volume (PCV or haematocrit), one general measure of
health status. We detected a tick-borne haemoprotozoan,
<i>Babesia microti</i>, but its low prevalence in the
population precluded identifying sources of variance in
infection.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.12.012},
Key = {fds241326}
}
@article{fds241335,
Author = {Tung, J and Akinyi, MY and Mutura, S and Altmann, J and Wray, GA and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Allele-specific gene expression in a wild nonhuman primate
population.},
Journal = {Molecular ecology},
Volume = {20},
Number = {4},
Pages = {725-739},
Year = {2011},
Month = {February},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21226779},
Abstract = {Natural populations hold enormous potential for evolutionary
genetic studies, especially when phenotypic, genetic and
environmental data are all available on the same
individuals. However, untangling the genotype-phenotype
relationship in natural populations remains a major
challenge. Here, we describe results of an investigation of
one class of phenotype, allele-specific gene expression
(ASGE), in the well-studied natural population of baboons of
the Amboseli basin, Kenya. ASGE measurements identify cases
in which one allele of a gene is overexpressed relative to
the alternative allele of the same gene, within individuals,
thus providing a control for background genetic and
environmental effects. Here, we characterize the incidence
of ASGE in the Amboseli baboon population, focusing on the
genetic and environmental contributions to ASGE in a set of
eleven genes involved in immunity and defence. Within this
set, we identify evidence for common ASGE in four genes. We
also present examples of two relationships between
cis-regulatory genetic variants and the ASGE phenotype.
Finally, we identify one case in which this relationship is
influenced by a novel gene-environment interaction.
Specifically, the dominance rank of an individual's mother
during its early life (an aspect of that individual's social
environment) influences the expression of the gene CCL5 via
an interaction with cis-regulatory genetic variation. These
results illustrate how environmental and ecological data can
be integrated into evolutionary genetic studies of
functional variation in natural populations. They also
highlight the potential importance of early life
environmental variation in shaping the genetic architecture
of complex traits in wild mammals.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04970.x},
Key = {fds241335}
}
@article{fds241336,
Author = {Tung, J and Alberts, SC and Wray, GA},
Title = {Evolutionary genetics in wild primates: combining genetic
approaches with field studies of natural
populations.},
Journal = {Trends in genetics : TIG},
Volume = {26},
Number = {8},
Pages = {353-362},
Year = {2010},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0168-9525},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20580115},
Abstract = {Ecological and evolutionary studies of wild primates hold
important keys to understanding both the shared
characteristics of primate biology and the genetic and
phenotypic differences that make specific lineages,
including our own, unique. Although complementary genetic
research on nonhuman primates has long been of interest,
recent technological and methodological advances now enable
functional and population genetic studies in an
unprecedented manner. In the past several years, novel
genetic data sets have revealed new information about the
demographic history of primate populations and the genetics
of adaptively important traits. In combination with the rich
history of behavioral, ecological, and physiological work on
natural primate populations, genetic approaches promise to
provide a compelling picture of primate evolution in the
past and in the present day.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tig.2010.05.005},
Key = {fds241336}
}
@article{fds241328,
Author = {Tung, J and Alberts, SC and Wray, GA},
Title = {Evolution of functional genetic variation at immune loci in
wild baboons.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {231-231},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000275295200793&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds241328}
}
@article{fds241320,
Author = {Tung, J and Wray, GA},
Title = {Evolution of Traits Deduced from Genome Comparisons},
Journal = {eLS},
Booktitle = {The Encyclopedia of Life Sciences},
Publisher = {JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD},
Year = {2009},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0021746},
Doi = {10.1002/9780470015902.a0021746},
Key = {fds241320}
}
@article{fds241339,
Author = {Tung, J and Fédrigo, O and Haygood, R and Mukherjee, S and Wray,
GA},
Title = {Genomic features that predict allelic imbalance in humans
suggest patterns of constraint on gene expression
variation.},
Journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
Volume = {26},
Number = {9},
Pages = {2047-2059},
Year = {2009},
Month = {September},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19506001},
Abstract = {Variation in gene expression is an important contributor to
phenotypic diversity within and between species. Although
this variation often has a genetic component, identification
of the genetic variants driving this relationship remains
challenging. In particular, measurements of gene expression
usually do not reveal whether the genetic basis for any
observed variation lies in cis or in trans to the gene, a
distinction that has direct relevance to the physical
location of the underlying genetic variant, and which may
also impact its evolutionary trajectory. Allelic imbalance
measurements identify cis-acting genetic effects by assaying
the relative contribution of the two alleles of a
cis-regulatory region to gene expression within individuals.
Identification of patterns that predict commonly imbalanced
genes could therefore serve as a useful tool and also shed
light on the evolution of cis-regulatory variation itself.
Here, we show that sequence motifs, polymorphism levels, and
divergence levels around a gene can be used to predict
commonly imbalanced genes in a human data set. Reduction of
this feature set to four factors revealed that only one
factor significantly differentiated between commonly
imbalanced and nonimbalanced genes. We demonstrate that
these results are consistent between the original data set
and a second published data set in humans obtained using
different technical and statistical methods. Finally, we
show that variation in the single allelic
imbalance-associated factor is partially explained by the
density of genes in the region of a target gene (allelic
imbalance is less probable for genes in gene-dense regions),
and, to a lesser extent, the evenness of expression of the
gene across tissues and the magnitude of negative selection
on putative regulatory regions of the gene. These results
suggest that the genomic distribution of functional
cis-regulatory variants in the human genome is nonrandom,
perhaps due to local differences in evolutionary
constraint.},
Doi = {10.1093/molbev/msp113},
Key = {fds241339}
}
@article{fds241340,
Author = {Tung, J and Primus, A and Bouley, AJ and Severson, TF and Alberts, SC and Wray, GA},
Title = {Evolution of a malaria resistance gene in wild
primates.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {460},
Number = {7253},
Pages = {388-391},
Year = {2009},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19553936},
Abstract = {The ecology, behaviour and genetics of our closest living
relatives, the nonhuman primates, should help us to
understand the evolution of our own lineage. Although a
large amount of data has been amassed on primate ecology and
behaviour, much less is known about the functional and
evolutionary genetic aspects of primate biology, especially
in wild primates. As a result, even in well-studied
populations in which nongenetic factors that influence
adaptively important characteristics have been identified,
we have almost no understanding of the underlying genetic
basis for such traits. Here, we report on the functional
consequences of genetic variation at the malaria-related FY
(DARC) gene in a well-studied population of yellow baboons
(Papio cynocephalus) living in Amboseli National Park in
Kenya. FY codes for a chemokine receptor normally expressed
on the erythrocyte surface that is the known entry point for
the malarial parasite Plasmodium vivax. We identified
variation in the cis-regulatory region of the baboon FY gene
that was associated with phenotypic variation in
susceptibility to Hepatocystis, a malaria-like pathogen that
is common in baboons. Genetic variation in this region also
influenced gene expression in vivo in wild individuals, a
result we confirmed using in vitro reporter gene assays. The
patterns of genetic variation in and around this locus were
also suggestive of non-neutral evolution, raising the
possibility that the evolution of the FY cis-regulatory
region in baboons has exhibited both mechanistic and
selective parallels with the homologous region in humans.
Together, our results represent the first reported
association and functional characterization linking genetic
variation and a complex trait in a natural population of
nonhuman primates.},
Doi = {10.1038/nature08149},
Key = {fds241340}
}
@article{fds241341,
Author = {Leonhardt, SD and Tung, J and Camden, JB and Leal, M and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Seeing red: Behavioral evidence of trichromatic color vision
in strepsirrhine primates},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology},
Volume = {20},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-12},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1045-2249},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arn106},
Abstract = {Among primates, catarrhines (Old World monkeys and apes) and
certain platyrrhines (New World monkeys) possess
trichromatic color vision, which might confer important
evolutionary advantages, particularly during foraging.
Recently, a polymorphism has been shown to shift the
spectral sensitivity of the X-linked opsin protein in
certain strepsirrhines (e.g., Malagasy lemurs); however, its
behavioral significance remains unknown. We assign genotypes
at the X-linked variant to 45 lemurs, representing 4
species, and test if the genetic capacity for trichromacy
impacts foraging performance, particularly under green
camouflage conditions in which red detection can be
advantageous. We confirm polymorphism at the critical site
in sifakas and ruffed lemurs and fail to find this
polymorphism in collared lemurs and ring-tailed lemurs. We
show that this polymorphism may be linked to "behavioral
trichromacy" in heterozygous ruffed lemurs but find no
comparable evidence in a single heterozygous sifaka. Despite
their putative dichromatic vision, female collared lemurs
were surprisingly efficient at retrieving both red and green
food items under camouflage conditions. Thus,
species-specific feeding ecologies may be as important as
trichromacy in influencing foraging behavior. Although the
lemur opsin polymorphism produced measurable behavioral
effects in at least one species, the ruffed lemur, these
effects were modest, consistent with the modest shift in
spectral sensitivity. Additionally, the magnitude of these
effects varied across individuals of the same genotype,
emphasizing the need for combined genetic and behavioral
studies of trichromatic vision. We conclude that trichromacy
may be only one of several routes toward increased foraging
efficiency in visually complex environments. © The Author
2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the
International Society for Behavioral Ecology. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1093/beheco/arn106},
Key = {fds241341}
}
@article{fds241331,
Author = {Tung, J and Charpentier, MJE and Garfield, DA and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Genetic evidence reveals temporal change in hybridization
patterns in a wild baboon population.},
Journal = {Molecular ecology},
Volume = {17},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1998-2011},
Year = {2008},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18363664},
Abstract = {The process and consequences of hybridization are of
interest to evolutionary biologists because of the
importance of hybridization in understanding reproductive
isolation, speciation, and the influence of introgression on
population genetic structure. Recent studies of
hybridization have been enhanced by the advent of sensitive,
genetic marker-based techniques for inferring the degree of
admixture occurring within individuals. Here we present a
genetic marker-based analysis of hybridization in a
large-bodied, long-lived mammal over multiple generations.
We analysed patterns of hybridization between yellow baboons
(Papio cynocephalus) and anubis baboons (Papio anubis) in a
well-studied natural population in Amboseli National Park,
Kenya, using genetic samples from 450 individuals born over
the last 36 years. We assigned genetic hybrid scores based
on genotypes at 14 microsatellite loci using the clustering
algorithm implemented in STRUCTURE 2.0, and assessed the
robustness of these scores by comparison to pedigree
information and through simulation. The genetic hybrid
scores showed generally good agreement with previous
morphological assessments of hybridity, but suggest that
genetic methods may be more sensitive for identification of
low levels of hybridity. The results of our analysis
indicate that the proportion of hybrids in the Amboseli
population has grown over time, but that the average
proportion of anubis ancestry within hybrids is gradually
decreasing. We argue that these patterns are probably a
result of both selective and nonselective processes,
including differences in the timing of life-history events
for hybrid males relative to yellow baboon males, and
stochasticity in long-distance dispersal from the source
anubis population into Amboseli.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03723.x},
Key = {fds241331}
}
@article{fds241332,
Author = {Charpentier, MJE and Tung, J and Altmann, J and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Age at maturity in wild baboons: genetic, environmental and
demographic influences.},
Journal = {Molecular ecology},
Volume = {17},
Number = {8},
Pages = {2026-2040},
Year = {2008},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18346122},
Abstract = {The timing of early life-history events, such as sexual
maturation and first reproduction, can greatly influence
variation in individual fitness. In this study, we analysed
possible sources of variation underlying different measures
of age at social and physical maturation in wild baboons in
the Amboseli basin, Kenya. The Amboseli baboons are a
natural population primarily comprised of yellow baboons
(Papio cynocephalus) that occasionally hybridize with anubis
baboons (Papio anubis) from outside the basin. We found that
males and females differed in the extent to which various
factors influenced their maturation. Surprisingly, we found
that male maturation was most strongly related to the
proportion of anubis ancestry revealed by their
microsatellite genotypes: hybrid males matured earlier than
yellow males. In contrast, although hybrid females reached
menarche slightly earlier than yellow females, maternal rank
and the presence of maternal relatives had the largest
effects on female maturation, followed by more modest
effects of group size and rainfall. Our results indicate
that a complex combination of demographic, genetic,
environmental, and maternal effects contribute to variation
in the timing of these life-history milestones.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03724.x},
Key = {fds241332}
}
@article{fds241342,
Author = {Tung, J and Rudolph, J and Altmann, J and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Parallel effects of genetic variation in ACE activity in
baboons and humans.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {134},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-8},
Year = {2007},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17503445},
Abstract = {Like humans, savannah baboons (Papio sp.) show heritable
interindividual variation in complex physiological
phenotypes. One prominent example of such variation involves
production of the homeostatic regulator protein angiotensin
converting enzyme (ACE), which shows heritable variation in
both baboons and humans. In humans, this phenotypic
variation is associated with an Alu insertion-deletion
polymorphism in the ACE gene, which explains approximately
half of the variation in serum ACE activity. We identified a
similar Alu insertion-deletion polymorphism in the baboon
ACE homologue and measured its frequency in a wild
population and a captive population of baboons. We also
analyzed the contribution of ACE genotype at this indel to
variation in serum ACE activity in the captive population.
When conditioned on weight, a known factor affecting ACE
activity in humans, age and ACE genotype both accounted for
variance in ACE activity; in particular, we identified a
significant nonadditive interaction between age and
genotype. A model incorporating this interaction effect
explained 21.6% of the variation in residual serum ACE
activity. Individuals homozygous for the deletion mutation
exhibited significantly higher levels of ACE activity than
insertion-deletion heterozygotes at younger ages (10-14
years), but showed a trend towards lower levels of ACE
activity compared with heterozygotes at older ages (> or =15
years). These results demonstrate an interesting parallel
between the genetic architecture underlying ACE variation in
humans and baboons, suggesting that further attention should
be paid in humans to the relationship between ACE genetic
variation and aging.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20614},
Key = {fds241342}
}
%% Uelmen, Johnny
@article{fds371620,
Author = {Uelmen, JA and Mapes, CD and Prasauskas, A and Boohene, C and Burns, L and Stuck, J and Carney, RM},
Title = {A Habitat Model for Disease Vector Aedes aegypti in the
Tampa Bay Area, FloridA.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Mosquito Control
Association},
Volume = {39},
Number = {2},
Pages = {96-107},
Year = {2023},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/22-7109},
Abstract = {Within the contiguous USA, Florida is unique in having
tropical and subtropical climates, a great abundance and
diversity of mosquito vectors, and high rates of human
travel. These factors contribute to the state being the
national ground zero for exotic mosquito-borne diseases, as
evidenced by local transmission of viruses spread by Aedes
aegypti, including outbreaks of dengue in 2022 and Zika in
2016. Because of limited treatment options, integrated
vector management is a key part of mitigating these
arboviruses. Practical knowledge of when and where mosquito
populations of interest exist is critical for surveillance
and control efforts, and habitat predictions at various
geographic scales typically rely on ecological niche
modeling. However, most of these models, usually created in
partnership with academic institutions, demand resources
that otherwise may be too time-demanding or difficult for
mosquito control programs to replicate and use effectively.
Such resources may include intensive computational
requirements, high spatiotemporal resolutions of data not
regularly available, and/or expert knowledge of statistical
analysis. Therefore, our study aims to partner with mosquito
control agencies in generating operationally useful mosquito
abundance models. Given the increasing threat of
mosquito-borne disease transmission in Florida, our analytic
approach targets recent Ae. aegypti abundance in the Tampa
Bay area. We investigate explanatory variables that: 1) are
publicly available, 2) require little to no preprocessing
for use, and 3) are known factors associated with Ae.
aegypti ecology. Out of our 4 final models, none required
more than 5 out of the 36 predictors assessed (13.9%).
Similar to previous literature, the strongest predictors
were consistently 3- and 4-wk temperature and precipitation
lags, followed closely by 1 of 2 environmental predictors:
land use/land cover or normalized difference vegetation
index. Surprisingly, 3 of our 4 final models included one or
more socioeconomic or demographic predictors. In general,
larger sample sizes of trap collections and/or citizen
science observations should result in greater confidence in
model predictions and validation. However, given disparities
in trap collections across jurisdictions, individual county
models rather than a multicounty conglomerate model would
likely yield stronger model fits. Ultimately, we hope that
the results of our assessment will enable more accurate and
precise mosquito surveillance and control of Ae. aegypti in
Florida and beyond.},
Doi = {10.2987/22-7109},
Key = {fds371620}
}
@article{fds370207,
Author = {Uelmen, JA and Kopsco, H and Mori, J and Brown, WM and Smith,
RL},
Title = {Modeling community COVID-19 transmission risk associated
with U.S. universities.},
Journal = {Scientific reports},
Volume = {13},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1428},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28212-z},
Abstract = {The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is among the worst in recent
history, resulting in excess of 520,000,000 cases and
6,200,000 deaths worldwide. The United States (U.S.) has
recently surpassed 1,000,000 deaths. Individuals who are
elderly and/or immunocompromised are the most susceptible to
serious sequelae. Rising sentiment often implicates younger,
less-vulnerable populations as primary introducers of
COVID-19 to communities, particularly around colleges and
universities. Adjusting for more than 32 key
socio-demographic, economic, and epidemiologic variables, we
(1) implemented regressions to determine the overall
community-level, age-adjusted COVID-19 case and mortality
rate within each American county, and (2) performed a
subgroup analysis among a sample of U.S. colleges and
universities to identify any significant preliminary
mitigation measures implemented during the fall 2020
semester. From January 1, 2020 through March 31, 2021, a
total of 22,385,335 cases and 374,130 deaths were reported
to the CDC. Overall, counties with increasing numbers of
university enrollment showed significantly lower case rates
and marginal decreases in mortality rates. County-level
population demographics, and not university level mitigation
measures, were the most significant predictor of adjusted
COVID-19 case rates. Contrary to common sentiment, our
findings demonstrate that counties with high university
enrollments may be more adherent to public safety measures
and vaccinations, likely contributing to safer
communities.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-28212-z},
Key = {fds370207}
}
@article{fds370208,
Author = {Holcomb, KM and Mathis, S and Staples, JE and Fischer, M and Barker, CM and Beard, CB and Nett, RJ and Keyel, AC and Marcantonio, M and Childs, ML and Gorris, ME and Rochlin, I and Hamins-Puértolas, M and Ray, EL and Uelmen, JA and DeFelice, N and Freedman, AS and Hollingsworth, BD and Das, P and Osthus, D and Humphreys, JM and Nova, N and Mordecai, EA and Cohnstaedt, LW and Kirk, D and Kramer, LD and Harris, MJ and Kain, MP and Reed, EMX and Johansson, MA},
Title = {Evaluation of an open forecasting challenge to assess skill
of West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease
prediction.},
Journal = {Parasites & vectors},
Volume = {16},
Number = {1},
Pages = {11},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05630-y},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading
cause of mosquito-borne illness in the continental USA. WNV
occurrence has high spatiotemporal variation, and current
approaches to targeted control of the virus are limited,
making forecasting a public health priority. However, little
research has been done to compare strengths and weaknesses
of WNV disease forecasting approaches on the national scale.
We used forecasts submitted to the 2020 WNV Forecasting
Challenge, an open challenge organized by the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, to assess the status of WNV
neuroinvasive disease (WNND) prediction and identify avenues
for improvement.<h4>Methods</h4>We performed a multi-model
comparative assessment of probabilistic forecasts submitted
by 15 teams for annual WNND cases in US counties for 2020
and assessed forecast accuracy, calibration, and
discriminatory power. In the evaluation, we included
forecasts produced by comparison models of varying
complexity as benchmarks of forecast performance. We also
used regression analysis to identify modeling approaches and
contextual factors that were associated with forecast
skill.<h4>Results</h4>Simple models based on historical WNND
cases generally scored better than more complex models and
combined higher discriminatory power with better calibration
of uncertainty. Forecast skill improved across updated
forecast submissions submitted during the 2020 season. Among
models using additional data, inclusion of climate or human
demographic data was associated with higher skill, while
inclusion of mosquito or land use data was associated with
lower skill. We also identified population size, extreme
minimum winter temperature, and interannual variation in
WNND cases as county-level characteristics associated with
variation in forecast skill.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Historical
WNND cases were strong predictors of future cases with
minimal increase in skill achieved by models that included
other factors. Although opportunities might exist to
specifically improve predictions for areas with large
populations and low or high winter temperatures, areas with
high case-count variability are intrinsically more difficult
to predict. Also, the prediction of outbreaks, which are
outliers relative to typical case numbers, remains
difficult. Further improvements to prediction could be
obtained with improved calibration of forecast uncertainty
and access to real-time data streams (e.g. current weather
and preliminary human cases).},
Doi = {10.1186/s13071-022-05630-y},
Key = {fds370208}
}
@article{fds370209,
Author = {Uelmen, JA and Lamcyzk, B and Irwin, P and Bartlett, D and Stone, C and Mackay, A and Arsenault-Benoit, A and Ryan, SJ and Mutebi, J-P and Hamer, GL and Fritz, M and Smith, RL},
Title = {Human biting mosquitoes and implications for West Nile virus
transmission.},
Journal = {Parasites & vectors},
Volume = {16},
Number = {1},
Pages = {2},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05603-1},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>West Nile virus (WNV), primarily vectored
by mosquitoes of the genus Culex, is the most important
mosquito-borne pathogen in North America, having infected
thousands of humans and countless wildlife since its arrival
in the USA in 1999. In locations with dedicated mosquito
control programs, surveillance methods often rely on
frequent testing of mosquitoes collected in a network of
gravid traps (GTs) and CO<sub>2</sub>-baited light traps
(LTs). Traps specifically targeting oviposition-seeking
(e.g. GTs) and host-seeking (e.g. LTs) mosquitoes are
vulnerable to trap bias, and captured specimens are often
damaged, making morphological identification
difficult.<h4>Methods</h4>This study leverages an
alternative mosquito collection method, the human landing
catch (HLC), as a means to compare sampling of potential WNV
vectors to traditional trapping methods. Human collectors
exposed one limb for 15 min at crepuscular periods
(5:00-8:30 am and 6:00-9:30 pm daily, the time when Culex
species are most actively host-seeking) at each of 55 study
sites in suburban Chicago, Illinois, for two summers (2018
and 2019).<h4>Results</h4>A total of 223 human-seeking
mosquitoes were caught by HLC, of which 46 (20.6%) were
mosquitoes of genus Culex. Of these 46 collected Culex
specimens, 34 (73.9%) were Cx. salinarius, a potential WNV
vector species not thought to be highly abundant in upper
Midwest USA. Per trapping effort, GTs and LTs collected >
7.5-fold the number of individual Culex specimens than HLC
efforts.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The less commonly used HLC
method provides important insight into the complement of
human-biting mosquitoes in a region with consistent WNV
epidemics. This study underscores the value of the HLC
collection method as a complementary tool for surveillance
to aid in WNV vector species characterization. However,
given the added risk to the collector, novel mitigation
methods or alternative approaches must be explored to
incorporate HLC collections safely and strategically into
control programs.},
Doi = {10.1186/s13071-022-05603-1},
Key = {fds370209}
}
@article{fds373495,
Author = {Leosari, Y and Uelmen, JA and Carney, RM},
Title = {Spatial evaluation of healthcare accessibility across
archipelagic communities of Maluku Province,
Indonesia.},
Journal = {PLOS global public health},
Volume = {3},
Number = {3},
Pages = {e0001600},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001600},
Abstract = {The Maluku Province is an underdeveloped region in Indonesia
with over 1,340 scattered islands. Due to the limited health
facilities and transportation infrastructure, access to
healthcare is very challenging. Here, we combined data from
various sources to locate the population clusters, health
facilities, roads, and ports/docks, and then utilize
geographic information systems (GIS) to estimate distances
from residents to health facilities. Health workforce
distribution data was then integrated to elucidate overall
healthcare equity among districts in the province. The
average distances to puskesmas (primary health clinics) were
8.89 km (by land) and 18.43 km (by land and water)
respectively, and the average distances to hospitals were
56.19 km (by land) and 73.09 km (by land and water), with
large disparities within and among districts. Analysis of
health workforce data shows that 65% of 207 puskesmas lack
physicians, while 49% lack midwives. Ambon, Tual, and
Southeast Maluku have the highest health equity, while East
Ceram, Buru, and South Buru have the lowest. In general,
this study demonstrates the utility of GIS and spatial
analyses, which can help identify problem areas in
healthcare accessibility and equity in archipelago settings,
and provide recommendations to stakeholders such as public
health officials and district administrators.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pgph.0001600},
Key = {fds373495}
}
@article{fds374605,
Author = {Carney, RM and Long, A and Low, RD and Zohdy, S and Palmer, JRB and Elias,
P and Bartumeus, F and Njoroge, L and Muniafu, M and Uelmen, JA and Rahola,
N and Chellappan, S},
Title = {Citizen Science as an Approach for Responding to the Threat
of Anopheles stephensi in Africa},
Journal = {Citizen Science: Theory and Practice},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/cstp.616},
Abstract = {Even as novel technologies emerge and medicines advance,
pathogen-transmitting mosquitoes pose a deadly and
accelerating public health threat. Detecting and mitigating
the spread of Anopheles stephensi in Africa is now critical
to the fight against malaria, as this invasive mosquito
poses urgent and unprecedented risks to the continent.
Unlike typical African vectors of malaria, An. stephensi
breeds in both natural and artificial water reservoirs, and
flourishes in urban environments. With An. stephensi
beginning to take hold in heavily populated settings,
citizen science surveillance supported by novel artificial
intelligence (AI) technologies may offer impactful
opportunities to guide public health decisions and
community-based interventions. Coalitions like the Global
Mosquito Alert Consortium (GMAC) and our freely available
digital products can be incorporated into enhanced
surveillance of An. stephensi and other vector-borne public
health threats. By connecting local citizen science networks
with global databases that are findable, accessible,
interoperable, and reusable (FAIR), we are leveraging a
powerful suite of tools and infrastructure for the early
detection of, and rapid response to, (re)emerging vectors
and diseases.},
Doi = {10.5334/cstp.616},
Key = {fds374605}
}
@article{fds373661,
Author = {Wan, GW and Allen, J and Ge, W and Rawlani, S and Uelmen, J and Mainzer,
LS and Smith, RL},
Title = {Two-Step Light Gradient Boosted Model to identify human West
Nile Virus infection risk factor in Chicago},
Volume = {19},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e0296283},
Booktitle = {medRxiv},
Year = {2023},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.09.23289737},
Abstract = {West Nile virus (WNV), a flavivirus transmitted by mosquito
bites, causes primarily mild symptoms but can also be fatal.
Therefore, predicting and controlling the spread of West
Nile virus is essential for public health in endemic areas.
We hypothesized that socioeconomic factors may influence
human risk from WNV. We analyzed a list of weather, land
use, mosquito surveillance, and socioeconomic variables for
predicting WNV cases in 1-km hexagonal grids across the
Chicago metropolitan area. We used a two-stage lightGBM
approach to perform the analysis and found that hexagons
with incomes above and below the median are influenced by
the same top characteristics. We found that weather factors
and mosquito infection rates were the strongest common
factors. Land use and socioeconomic variables had relatively
small contributions in predicting WNV cases. The Light GBM
handles unbalanced data sets well and provides meaningful
predictions of the risk of epidemic disease
outbreaks.},
Doi = {10.1101/2023.05.09.23289737},
Key = {fds373661}
}
@article{fds370211,
Author = {Ranoa, DRE and Holland, RL and Alnaji, FG and Green, KJ and Wang, L and Fredrickson, RL and Wang, T and Wong, GN and Uelmen, J and Maslov, S and Weiner, ZJ and Tkachenko, AV and Zhang, H and Liu, Z and Ibrahim, A and Patel, SJ and Paul, JM and Vance, NP and Gulick, JG and Satheesan, SP and Galvan, IJ and Miller, A and Grohens, J and Nelson, TJ and Stevens, MP and Hennessy, PM and Parker, RC and Santos, E and Brackett, C and Steinman,
JD and Fenner, MR and Dohrer, K and DeLorenzo, M and Wilhelm-Barr, L and Brauer, BR and Best-Popescu, C and Durack, G and Wetter, N and Kranz,
DM and Breitbarth, J and Simpson, C and Pryde, JA and Kaler, RN and Harris,
C and Vance, AC and Silotto, JL and Johnson, M and Valera, EA and Anton,
PK and Mwilambwe, L and Bryan, SP and Stone, DS and Young, DB and Ward, WE and Lantz, J and Vozenilek, JA and Bashir, R and Moore, JS and Garg, M and Cooper, JC and Snyder, G and Lore, MH and Yocum, DL and Cohen, NJ and Novakofski, JE and Loots, MJ and Ballard, RL and Band, M and Banks, KM and Barnes, JD and Bentea, I and Black, J and Busch, J and Conte, A and Conte,
M and Curry, M and Eardley, J and Edwards, A and Eggett, T and Fleurimont,
J and Foster, D and Fouke, BW and Gallagher, N and Gastala, N and Genung,
SA and Glueck, D and Gray, B and Greta, A and Healy, RM and Hetrick, A and Holterman, AA and Ismail, N and Jasenof, I and Kelly, P and Kielbasa, A and Kiesel, T and Kindle, LM and Lipking, RL and Manabe, YC and Mayes, J and McGuffin, R and McHenry, KG and Mirza, A and Moseley, J and Mostafa, HH and Mumford, M and Munoz, K and Murray, AD and Nolan, M and Parikh, NA and Pekosz, A and Pflugmacher, J and Phillips, JM and Pitts, C and Potter,
MC and Quisenberry, J and Rear, J and Robinson, ML and Rosillo, E and Rye,
LN and Sherwood, M and Simon, A and Singson, JM and Skadden, C and Skelton,
TH and Smith, C and Stech, M and Thomas, R and Tomaszewski, MA and Tyburski, EA and Vanwingerden, S and Vlach, E and Watkins, RS and Watson, K and White, KC and Killeen, TL and Jones, RJ and Cangellaris,
AC and Martinis, SA and Vaid, A and Brooke, CB and Walsh, JT and Elbanna,
A and Sullivan, WC and Smith, RL and Goldenfeld, N and Fan, TM and Hergenrother, PJ and Burke, MD},
Title = {Mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 transmission at a large public
university.},
Journal = {Nature communications},
Volume = {13},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3207},
Year = {2022},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30833-3},
Abstract = {In Fall 2020, universities saw extensive transmission of
SARS-CoV-2 among their populations, threatening health of
the university and surrounding communities, and viability of
in-person instruction. Here we report a case study at the
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where a
multimodal "SHIELD: Target, Test, and Tell" program, with
other non-pharmaceutical interventions, was employed to keep
classrooms and laboratories open. The program included
epidemiological modeling and surveillance, fast/frequent
testing using a novel low-cost and scalable saliva-based
RT-qPCR assay for SARS-CoV-2 that bypasses RNA extraction,
called covidSHIELD, and digital tools for communication and
compliance. In Fall 2020, we performed >1,000,000
covidSHIELD tests, positivity rates remained low, we had
zero COVID-19-related hospitalizations or deaths amongst our
university community, and mortality in the surrounding
Champaign County was reduced more than 4-fold relative to
expected. This case study shows that fast/frequent testing
and other interventions mitigated transmission of SARS-CoV-2
at a large public university.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-30833-3},
Key = {fds370211}
}
@article{fds370212,
Author = {Aley, I and Nehls, B and Uelmen, J and Hicks, A},
Title = {Lessons Learned from a Sustainability-Focused,
Community-Based Learning: Green Fund Partnership},
Journal = {Sustainability and climate change},
Volume = {15},
Number = {1},
Pages = {17-31},
Year = {2022},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/scc.2021.0013},
Doi = {10.1089/scc.2021.0013},
Key = {fds370212}
}
@article{fds370213,
Author = {Fox, L and Haefele, H and Uelmen, J and Hoppes, S and Swenson, J and Tolbert, MK and Suchodolski, JS and Steiner, JM},
Title = {BIOMARKERS OF GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE IN CHEETAHS
(ACINONYX JUBATUS).},
Journal = {Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication
of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians},
Volume = {52},
Number = {3},
Pages = {886-892},
Year = {2021},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2021-0012},
Abstract = {Gastrointestinal disease is a common clinical problem in
captive cheetahs (<i>Acinonyx jubatus</i>). It is reported
that gastritis affects the vast majority of the captive
population of cheetahs. Pancreatitis and acute and chronic
enteritis have also been reported. These issues pose
significant long-term health and welfare implications for
cheetahs. Cobalamin, folate, methylmalonic acid (MMA),
gastrin, feline pancreatic-specific lipase immunoreactivity
(fPLI), and feline trypsin-like immunoreactivity (fTLI)
immunoassays are important biomarkers of gastrointestinal
disease in domestic cats. The goal of this study was to
determine if these immunoassays validated in domestic cats
could be used clinically in cheetahs, by establishing
reference intervals (RI) for these biomarkers in cheetahs. A
cohort of 40 clinically healthy cheetahs was selected from
three zoological institutions on the basis of being free of
clinical gastrointestinal disease and extra-gastrointestinal
disease that could affect biomarkers, as well as having
banked frozen serum. Cheetah biomarker RI, with domestic cat
RI for comparison in parentheses, are as follows: cobalamin
470-618 pg/ml (290-1500 pg/ml), folate 2.2-15.7 ng/ml
(9.7-21.6 ng/ml), MMA 365-450 nM/L (139-897 nM/L), fPLI
0.5-1.2 µg/L (0-4 µg/L), and gastrin 30-50 pg/ml
(<10<sup>-3</sup>9.5 pg/ml). This study shows that RI for
gastrointestinal biomarkers can be notably different, even
between species that are as closely related as the domestic
cat and the cheetah. Additionally, it was found that the
fTLI assay does not cross-immunoreact with cheetahs. In
conclusion, this study emphasizes the importance of
developing species-specific RI for biomarker assays and
using caution when extrapolating RI from other
species.},
Doi = {10.1638/2021-0012},
Key = {fds370213}
}
@article{fds370214,
Author = {Keyel, AC and Gorris, ME and Rochlin, I and Uelmen, JA and Chaves, LF and Hamer, GL and Moise, IK and Shocket, M and Kilpatrick, AM and DeFelice,
NB and Davis, JK and Little, E and Irwin, P and Tyre, AJ and Helm Smith and K and Fredregill, CL and Elison Timm and O and Holcomb, KM and Wimberly, MC and Ward, MJ and Barker, CM and Rhodes, CG and Smith,
RL},
Title = {A proposed framework for the development and qualitative
evaluation of West Nile virus models and their application
to local public health decision-making.},
Journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases},
Volume = {15},
Number = {9},
Pages = {e0009653},
Year = {2021},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009653},
Abstract = {West Nile virus (WNV) is a globally distributed
mosquito-borne virus of great public health concern. The
number of WNV human cases and mosquito infection patterns
vary in space and time. Many statistical models have been
developed to understand and predict WNV geographic and
temporal dynamics. However, these modeling efforts have been
disjointed with little model comparison and inconsistent
validation. In this paper, we describe a framework to unify
and standardize WNV modeling efforts nationwide. WNV risk,
detection, or warning models for this review were solicited
from active research groups working in different regions of
the United States. A total of 13 models were selected and
described. The spatial and temporal scales of each model
were compared to guide the timing and the locations for
mosquito and virus surveillance, to support mosquito vector
control decisions, and to assist in conducting public health
outreach campaigns at multiple scales of decision-making.
Our overarching goal is to bridge the existing gap between
model development, which is usually conducted as an academic
exercise, and practical model applications, which occur at
state, tribal, local, or territorial public health and
mosquito control agency levels. The proposed model
assessment and comparison framework helps clarify the value
of individual models for decision-making and identifies the
appropriate temporal and spatial scope of each model. This
qualitative evaluation clearly identifies gaps in linking
models to applied decisions and sets the stage for a
quantitative comparison of models. Specifically, whereas
many coarse-grained models (county resolution or greater)
have been developed, the greatest need is for fine-grained,
short-term planning models (m-km, days-weeks) that remain
scarce. We further recommend quantifying the value of
information for each decision to identify decisions that
would benefit most from model input.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0009653},
Key = {fds370214}
}
@article{fds370215,
Author = {Uelmen, JA and Irwin, P and Brown, WM and Karki, S and Ruiz, MO and Li, B and Smith, RL},
Title = {Dynamics of data availability in disease modeling: An
example evaluating the trade-offs of ultra-fine-scale
factors applied to human West Nile virus disease models in
the Chicago area, USA.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {16},
Number = {5},
Pages = {e0251517},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251517},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Since 1999, West Nile virus (WNV) has
moved rapidly across the United States, resulting in tens of
thousands of human cases. Both the number of human cases and
the minimum infection rate (MIR) in vector mosquitoes vary
across time and space and are driven by numerous abiotic and
biotic forces, ranging from differences in microclimates to
socio-demographic factors. Because the interactions among
these multiple factors affect the locally variable risk of
WNV illness, it has been especially difficult to model human
disease risk across varying spatial and temporal scales.
Cook and DuPage Counties, comprising the city of Chicago and
surrounding suburbs, experience some of the highest numbers
of human neuroinvasive cases of WNV in the United States.
Despite active mosquito control efforts, there is consistent
annual WNV presence, resulting in more than 285 confirmed
WNV human cases and 20 deaths from the years 2014-2018 in
Cook County alone.<h4>Methods</h4>A previous Chicago-area
WNV model identified the fifty-five most high and low risk
locations in the Northwest Mosquito Abatement District
(NWMAD), an enclave ¼ the size of the combined Cook and
DuPage county area. In these locations, human WNV risk was
stratified by model performance, as indicated by differences
in studentized residuals. Within these areas, an additional
two-years of field collections and data processing was added
to a 12-year WNV dataset that includes human cases, MIR,
vector abundance, and land-use, historical climate, and
socio-economic and demographic variables, and was assessed
by an ultra-fine-scale (1 km spatial x 1 week temporal
resolution) multivariate logistic regression
model.<h4>Results</h4>Multivariate statistical methods
applied to the ultra-fine-scale model identified fewer
explanatory variables while improving upon the fit of the
previous model. Beyond MIR and climatic factors, efforts to
acquire additional covariates only slightly improved model
predictive performance.<h4>Conclusions</h4>These results
suggest human WNV illness in the Chicago area may be
associated with fewer, but increasingly critical, key
variables at finer scales. Given limited resources, these
findings suggest large variations in model performance
occur, depending on covariate availability, and provide
guidance in variable selection for optimal WNV human illness
modeling.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0251517},
Key = {fds370215}
}
@article{fds370216,
Author = {Uelmen, JA and Irwin, P and Bartlett, D and Brown, W and Karki, S and Ruiz,
MO and Fraterrigo, J and Li, B and Smith, RL},
Title = {Effects of Scale on Modeling West Nile Virus Disease
Risk.},
Journal = {The American journal of tropical medicine and
hygiene},
Volume = {104},
Number = {1},
Pages = {151-165},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0416},
Abstract = {Modeling vector-borne diseases is best conducted when
heterogeneity among interacting biotic and abiotic processes
is captured. However, the successful integration of these
complex processes is difficult, hindered by a lack of
understanding of how these relationships influence disease
transmission across varying scales. West Nile virus (WNV) is
the most important mosquito-borne disease in the United
States. Vectored by <i>Culex</i> mosquitoes and maintained
in the environment by avian hosts, the virus can spill over
into humans and horses, sometimes causing severe
neuroinvasive illness. Several modeling studies have
evaluated drivers of WNV disease risk, but nearly all have
done so at broad scales and have reported mixed results of
the effects of common explanatory variables. As a result,
fine-scale relationships with common explanatory variables,
particularly climatic, socioeconomic, and human demographic,
remain uncertain across varying spatial extents. Using an
interdisciplinary approach and an ongoing 12-year study of
the Chicago region, this study evaluated the factors
explaining WNV disease risk at high spatiotemporal
resolution, comparing the human WNV model and covariate
performance across three increasing spatial extents:
ultrafine, local, and county scales. Our results demonstrate
that as spatial extent increased, model performance
increased. In addition, only six of the 23 assessed
covariates were included in best-fit models of at least two
scales. These results suggest that the mechanisms driving
WNV ecology are scale-dependent and covariate importance
increases as extent decreases. These tools may be
particularly helpful for public health, mosquito, and
disease control personnel in predicting and preventing
disease within local and fine-scale jurisdictions, before
spillover occurs.},
Doi = {10.4269/ajtmh.20-0416},
Key = {fds370216}
}
@article{fds370217,
Author = {Uelmen, JA and Aley, I and Nehls, B and Hicks, A},
Title = {Sustainability Impacts of Installing Low-Flow Toilets in a
University Residence Hall},
Journal = {Sustainability (United States)},
Volume = {13},
Number = {2},
Pages = {74-80},
Year = {2020},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/sus.2019.0030},
Abstract = {This study evaluates the sustainability impact of replacing
inefficient toilets with low-flow units in a residence hall
at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. A graduate student
initiated this project through the university's Green Fund,
which supports initiatives that improve the sustainability
of campus facilities and engages students in the process.
Each toilet upgraded to an efficient unit is estimated to
save at least $2,380 in utility bills and reduce water usage
and greenhouse gas emissions by 54 percent over the life of
the unit. This simple intervention strategy does not require
any changes to daily habits, yet contributes to significant
reductions in water consumption. The partnership between
students and staff offers educational potential both for
those involved in the project and those impacted by the
upgrades. Other institutions of higher education may want to
consider upgrades to high-efficiency toilets for their
potential to conserve large amounts of water and save
thousands of dollars in utility costs over the life of the
units.},
Doi = {10.1089/sus.2019.0030},
Key = {fds370217}
}
@article{fds370218,
Author = {Uelmen, JA and Brokopp, C and Patz, J},
Title = {A 15 Year Evaluation of West Nile Virus in Wisconsin:
Effects on Wildlife and Human Health.},
Journal = {International journal of environmental research and public
health},
Volume = {17},
Number = {5},
Pages = {E1767},
Year = {2020},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051767},
Abstract = {West Nile virus (WNV) is the most important and widespread
mosquito-borne virus in the United States (U.S.). WNV has
the ability to spread rapidly and effectively, infecting
more than 320 bird and mammalian species. An examination of
environmental conditions and the health of keystone species
may help predict the susceptibility of various habitats to
WNV and reveal key risk factors, annual trends, and
vulnerable regions. Since 2002, WNV outbreaks in Wisconsin
varied by species, place, and time, significantly affected
by unique climatic, environmental, and geographical factors.
During a 15 year period, WNV was detected in 71 of 72
counties, resulting in 239 human and 1397 wildlife cases.
Controlling for population and sampling efforts in
Wisconsin, rates of WNV are highest in the western and
northwestern rural regions of the state. WNV incidence rates
were highest in counties with low human population
densities, predominantly wetland, and at elevations greater
than 1000 feet. Resources for surveillance, prevention, and
detection of WNV were lowest in rural counties, likely
resulting in underestimation of cases. Overall, increasing
mean temperature and decreasing precipitation showed
positive influence on WNV transmission in Wisconsin. This
study incorporates the first statewide assessment of WNV in
Wisconsin.},
Doi = {10.3390/ijerph17051767},
Key = {fds370218}
}
@article{fds370219,
Author = {Karki, S and Brown, WM and Uelmen, J and Ruiz, MO and Smith,
RL},
Title = {The drivers of West Nile virus human illness in the Chicago,
Illinois, USA area: Fine scale dynamic effects of weather,
mosquito infection, social, and biological
conditions.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {15},
Number = {5},
Pages = {e0227160},
Year = {2020},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227160},
Abstract = {West Nile virus (WNV) has consistently been reported to be
associated with human cases of illness in the region near
Chicago, Illinois. However, the number of reported cases of
human illness varies across years, with intermittent
outbreaks. Several dynamic factors, including temperature,
rainfall, and infection status of vector mosquito
populations, are responsible for much of these observed
variations. However, local landscape structure and human
demographic characteristics also play a key role. The
geographic and temporal scales used to analyze such complex
data affect the observed associations. Here, we used spatial
and statistical modeling approaches to investigate the
factors that drive the outcome of WNV human illness on fine
temporal and spatial scales. Our approach included
multi-level modeling of long-term weekly data from 2005 to
2016, with weekly measures of mosquito infection, human
illness and weather combined with more stable landscape and
demographic factors on the geographical scale of 1000m
hexagons. We found that hot weather conditions, warm
winters, and higher MIR in earlier weeks increased the
probability of an area of having a WNV human case. Higher
population and the proportion of urban light intensity in an
area also increased the probability of observing a WNV human
case. A higher proportion of open water sources, percentage
of grass land, deciduous forests, and housing built post
1990 decreased the probability of having a WNV case.
Additionally, we found that cumulative positive mosquito
pools up to 31 weeks can strongly predict the total annual
human WNV cases in the Chicago region. This study helped us
to improve our understanding of the fine-scale drivers of
spatiotemporal variability of human WNV cases.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0227160},
Key = {fds370219}
}
@article{fds370220,
Author = {Chakraborty, S and Andrade, FCD and Ghosh, S and Uelmen, J and Ruiz,
MO},
Title = {Historical Expansion of Kyasanur Forest Disease in India
From 1957 to 2017: A Retrospective Analysis.},
Journal = {GeoHealth},
Volume = {3},
Number = {2},
Pages = {44-55},
Year = {2019},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018gh000164},
Abstract = {A highly infectious tick-borne virus causes Kyasanur Forest
disease (KFD), which has been expanding in recent decades in
India. Current studies do not provide an updated
understanding of the disease trends and its expansion in
India. We address this gap in the literature through a
detailed review to reveal the annual historic expansion of
KFD cases across the span of years from 1957 to 2017. In
addition, we explore the factors that may have led to the
geographic expansion of KFD. The annual numbers of cases of
KFD among humans are estimated using peer-reviewed journal
articles, Pro-MED database, historical and archived
newspapers, and government reports, technical reports,
publications, and medical websites. From 1957 to 2017, there
were an estimated 9,594 cases of KFD within 16 districts in
India. The most significant human outbreaks of the disease
were in the years 1957-1958 (681 cases), 1983-1984 (2,589
cases), 2002-2003 (1,562 cases), and 2016-2017 (809 cases).
In 2015, KFD appeared in Goa. In 2016, new cases emerged in
Belgaum, a district in Karnataka state, and in the
Sindhudurg district in Maharashtra state. The processes by
which KFD persists and spreads are not clear, but
demographic, socioeconomic, political, and environmental
factors seem to play a role.},
Doi = {10.1029/2018gh000164},
Key = {fds370220}
}
@article{fds370221,
Author = {Harbison, JE and Nasci, R and Runde, A and Henry, M and Binnall, J and Hulsebosch, B and Rutkowski, N and Johnson, H and Uelmen, J and Bradley,
M and Newton, G and Irwin, P and Bartlett, D and Ruiz,
MO},
Title = {Standardized Operational Evaluations of Catch Basin
Larvicides from Seven Mosquito Control Programs in the
Midwestern United States During 2017.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Mosquito Control
Association},
Volume = {34},
Number = {2},
Pages = {107-116},
Year = {2018},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/18-6732.1},
Abstract = {During June to September 2017, 7 mosquito control programs
in the midwestern United States evaluated a total of 9 catch
basin larvicide formulations using similar protocols.
Treated basins were monitored among study sites to observe
when larvicides failed to control mosquitoes in 25% or more
basins within a site. Overall, when monitoring occurred
within the maximum label duration of the larvicides, sites
treated with a single larvicide tablet or briquet surpassed
the 25% fail threshold more often than pellet and granular
larvicide formulations. In 438 of the study basins, the
depth from sump bottom to catch basin lid was measured. In
basins that were deeper than 5 ft (1.5 m), larvicides failed
to control mosquitoes significantly more often than those 5
ft or shallower.},
Doi = {10.2987/18-6732.1},
Key = {fds370221}
}
@article{fds370222,
Author = {Uelmen, JA and Duman, JG and Lindroth, RL and Schwartzberg, EG and Raffa, KF},
Title = {Supercooling points of diapausing forest tent caterpillar
(Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) eggs},
Journal = {Canadian Entomologist},
Volume = {148},
Number = {5},
Pages = {512-519},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2015.88},
Abstract = {Forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hübner;
Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) is a widely distributed
defoliator that undergoes intermittent outbreaks. It
overwinters as pharate larvae within egg bands, is
univoltine, and experiences low winter temperatures in its
northern range. Little is known about how low temperatures
affect winter survival and cold tolerances, their cold
tolerance strategy, or how cold tolerances may vary over
time and among populations. We evaluated supercooling points
(SCPs) from four populations of M. disstria eggs collected
along a 552 km latitudinal gradient from southern Wisconsin
to northern Minnesota, United States of America. To test for
potential effects of winter environment, we also
administered three overwintering regimes (Madison,
Wisconsin; Cloquet, Minnesota; Ely, Minnesota). Supercooling
points were recorded in November, February, and March of
2011-2012. Supercooling points varied with maternal source
(egg band), time of winter season, population source, and
overwintering treatment. Means ranged from -26.8 °C (±0.5
°C) to -40.3 °C (±0.3 °C), accordingly. In a separate
laboratory experiment, 89% of pharate larvae held at -20 °C
(18.3 °C above coolest mean SCP) survived, but none held at
-45 °C (6.7 °C below lowest mean SCP) survived. This
relatively high degree of cold tolerance in its
overwintering stage, due to freeze avoidance, may partially
explain survival patterns and limits of overwintering M.
disstria in northern populations.},
Doi = {10.4039/tce.2015.88},
Key = {fds370222}
}
@article{fds370223,
Author = {Uelmen, JA and Lindroth, RL and Tobin, PC and Reich, PB and Schwartzberg, EG and Raffa, KF},
Title = {Effects of winter temperatures, spring degree-day
accumulation, and insect population source on phenological
synchrony between forest tent caterpillar and host
trees},
Journal = {Forest Ecology and Management},
Volume = {362},
Pages = {241-250},
Year = {2016},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.11.045},
Abstract = {Global climate change has the potential to dramatically
alter multiple ecosystem processes, including herbivory. The
development rates of both plants and insects are highly
sensitive to temperature. Although considerable work has
examined the effects of temperature on spring phenologies of
plants and insects individually, few studies have examined
how anticipated warming will influence their phenological
synchrony. We applied elevated temperatures of 1.7 and 3.4.
°C in a controlled chamberless outdoor experiment in
northeastern Minnesota, USA to examine the relative
responses in onset of egg eclosion by forest tent
caterpillar (. Malacosoma disstria Hübner) and budbreak of
two of its major host trees (trembling aspen, Populus
tremuloides Michaux, and paper birch, Betula papyrifera
Marshall). We superimposed four insect population sources
and two overwintering regimes onto these treatments, and
computed degree-day models. Timing of egg hatch varied among
population source, overwintering location, and spring
temperature regime. As expected, the development rates of
plants and insects advanced under warmer conditions relative
to ambient controls. However, budbreak advanced more than
egg hatch. The degree of phenological synchrony between M.
disstria and each host plant was differentially altered in
response to warming. The interval by which birch budbreak
preceded egg hatch nearly doubled from ambient to +1.7 °C.
In the case of aspen, the sequence changed from egg hatch
preceding, to following, budbreak at +3.4 °C. Additionally,
under temperature regimes simulating future conditions, some
insect populations currently south of our study sites became
more synchronous with the manipulated hosts than did
currently coexisting insect populations. These findings
reveal how climate warming can alter insect-host plant
interactions, through changes in phenological synchrony,
possibly driving host shifts among tree species and
genotypes. They also suggest how herbivore variability, both
among populations and within individual egg masses, may
provide opportunities for adaptation, especially in species
that are highly mobile and polyphagous.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.foreco.2015.11.045},
Key = {fds370223}
}
@article{fds373496,
Author = {Antonio, J and Sanders, MS and Ehler, LA and Uelmen, J and Raether, JB and Stout, JR},
Title = {Effects of exercise training and amino-acid supplementation
on body composition and physical performance in untrained
women.},
Journal = {Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)},
Volume = {16},
Number = {11-12},
Pages = {1043-1046},
Year = {2000},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00434-2},
Abstract = {The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 6
wk of essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation on body
composition and exercise performance in untrained women (n =
21). Subjects were randomly assigned to a placebo
(cellulose) or an EAA (average daily dose of 18.3 g of EAAs
in pill form) group. Each subject participated in aerobic
and heavy-resistance training three times per week. Body
composition was assessed via dual x-ray absorptiometry
analysis. Muscular endurance was determined via treadmill
time to exhaustion, and strength was assessed by the total
amount of weight lifted for one set to exhaustion at an
estimated 12 repetitions maximum. No changes occurred in
either group for body weight, lean body mass, fat mass, or
bone mineral content. Treadmill time to exhaustion (TTE)
improved significantly (P < 0.05) in the EAA group (mean +/-
SD; pre-TTE = 13.15 +/- 3.67 min, post-TTE = 14. 73 +/- 4.26
min), whereas the placebo group did not change
significantly. The total weight lifted at the subject's
maximum 12 repetitions did not significantly change in
either group. In previously untrained individuals, the
ingestion of EAAs combined with aerobic and heavy-resistance
training for 6 wk did not have a significant effect on body
composition or muscular strength; however, aerobic muscular
endurance increased significantly.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00434-2},
Key = {fds373496}
}
%% Valenta, Kim
@article{fds342762,
Author = {Zohdy, S and Valenta, K and Rabaoarivola, B and Karanewsky, CJ and Zaky,
W and Pilotte, N and Williams, SA and Chapman, CA and Farris,
ZJ},
Title = {Causative agent of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis)
detected in wild lemurs.},
Journal = {International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and
Wildlife},
Volume = {9},
Pages = {119-121},
Year = {2019},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.04.005},
Abstract = {The lemurs of Madagascar are threatened by human activities.
We present the first molecular detection of canine heartworm
(Dirofilaria immitis) in a wild non-human primate, the mouse
lemur (Microcebus rufus). Zoonotic D. immitis infection has
been associated with clinical pathology that includes
serious and often fatal cardiac and pulmonary reactions.
With human encroachment and associated increases in
free-roaming dog populations in Madagascar, we examined
lemurs for zoonotic canid pathogens. D. immitis presents a
new potential conservation threat to lemurs. We highlight
the need for wide-ranging and effective interventions,
particularly near protected areas, to address this growing
conservation issue.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.04.005},
Key = {fds342762}
}
@article{fds342352,
Author = {Sarkar, D and Chapman, CA and Valenta, K and Angom, SC and Kagoro, W and Sengupta, R},
Title = {A Tiered Analysis of Community Benefits and Conservation
Engagement from the Makerere University Biological Field
Station, Uganda},
Journal = {The Professional Geographer},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2018.1547976},
Abstract = {© 2019, © 2019 by American Association of Geographers.
Conservation plans have evolved beyond biodiversity
protection to include the welfare of the communities
surrounding protected areas. Local community engagement
initiatives include development of ecotourism,
revenue-sharing arrangements, and resource access
agreements. Although research stations are common in African
national parks, their contributions to biodiversity
protection and community benefits have seldom featured in
the literature. In this article, we consider whether
community benefits accruing from field research stations are
effective and indicate how they could promote
community–park relationships. We employ a mixed methods
approach to understand the impacts on the local community of
a field station located in Kibale National Park, Uganda. We
find that the presence of a research station in Kibale
National Park provides long-term direct employment for
fifty-two people and indirect, cascading benefits for up to
720 people several kilometers away. Additionally, other
important community benefits, primarily health care and
education, are associated with the research field station.
Although benefits of the research station do not eliminate
community–park conflict, the long-term presence of
researchers and the gains to local people associated with
them are underappreciated and important means to better
integrate the goals of biodiversity protection and local
community investment. Key Words: community perception,
conservation evaluation, economic benefits, inclusive
conservation plans, park–people interaction, research
station, Uganda.},
Doi = {10.1080/00330124.2018.1547976},
Key = {fds342352}
}
@article{fds340867,
Author = {Kirumira, D and Baranga, D and Hartter, J and Valenta, K and Tumwesigye,
C and Kagoro, W and Chapman, C},
Title = {Evaluating a union between health care and conservation: A
mobile clinic improves park-people relations, yet poaching
increases},
Journal = {Conservation and Society},
Volume = {17},
Number = {1},
Pages = {51-62},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_17_72},
Abstract = {© 2018 Kirumira et al. It is widely viewed that by
providing employment or services to neighbouring
communities, a protected area may increase positive
attitudes towards conservation and discourage encroachment,
but this is rarely tested. Our research examines this view
by evaluating local attitudes towards the park and incidence
of encroachment before and after the implementation of a
novel conservation strategy- A mobile health clinic-in the
predominantly agricultural communities bordering Kibale
National Park, Uganda. The implementation of the mobile
clinic programme coincided with a more positive attitude
towards the park and a decrease in the number of people who
'disliked' the park. Despite this, the incidence of
encroachment increased. There are a number of possible
explanations for this contradiction, including respondents
giving answers they believe will maintain the service they
appreciate, and that while the local community may
appreciate the mobile clinic, this appreciation is not
sufficient to make people alter their behaviour because of
tradition or need (e.g., the need among the very poor to
feed their family or send a child to school is very high).
Overall, people typically expressed that they did not have a
problem with living adjacent to the park, except for the
harm done by crop-raiding animals. However, local people
expressed the view that they receive few benefits from the
park- A perception that might be improved with more
extensive use of the mobile clinic.},
Doi = {10.4103/cs.cs_17_72},
Key = {fds340867}
}
@article{fds339287,
Author = {Nevo, O and Valenta, K and Razafimandimby, D and Melin, AD and Ayasse,
M and Chapman, CA},
Title = {Frugivores and the evolution of fruit colour.},
Journal = {Biology Letters},
Volume = {14},
Number = {9},
Year = {2018},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0377},
Abstract = {The ecological function of fruit colour has been the focus
of many studies. The most commonly tested hypothesis is that
fruit colour has evolved to facilitate detection by
seed-dispersing animals. We tested whether distributions of
fruit colours are consistent with the hypothesis that colour
is an evolved signal to seed dispersers using a comparative
community approach. We compared the contrast between ripe
fruits and leaf backgrounds at two sites, one in Madagascar
where seed dispersers are primarily night-active, red-green
colour-blind lemurs, and the other in Uganda, where most
vertebrate seed dispersers are day-active primates and birds
with greater capacity for colour vision. We show that fruits
in Uganda have higher contrast against leaf background in
the red-green and luminance channels whereas fruits in
Madagascar contrast more in the yellow-blue channel. These
results indicate that fruit colour has evolved to contrast
against background leaves in response to the visual
capabilities of local seed disperser communities.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2018.0377},
Key = {fds339287}
}
@article{fds338477,
Author = {Valenta, K and Kalbitzer, U and Razafimandimby, D and Omeja, P and Ayasse, M and Chapman, CA and Nevo, O},
Title = {The evolution of fruit colour: phylogeny, abiotic factors
and the role of mutualists.},
Journal = {Scientific Reports},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Pages = {14302},
Year = {2018},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32604-x},
Abstract = {The adaptive significance of fruit colour has been
investigated for over a century. While colour can fulfil
various functions, the most commonly tested hypothesis is
that it has evolved to increase fruit visual conspicuousness
and thus promote detection and consumption by seed
dispersing animals. However, fruit colour is a complex trait
which is subjected to various constraints and selection
pressures. As a result, the effect of animal selection on
fruit colour are often difficult to identify, and several
studies have failed to detect it. Here, we employ an
integrative approach to examine what drives variation in
fruit colour. We quantified the colour of ripe fruit and
mature leaves of 97 tropical plant species from three study
sites in Madagascar and Uganda. We used phylogenetically
controlled models to estimate the roles of phylogeny,
abiotic factors, and dispersal mode on fruit colour
variation. Our results show that, independent of phylogeny
and leaf coloration, mammal dispersed fruits are greener
than bird dispersed fruits, while the latter are redder than
the former. In addition, fruit colour does not correlate
with leaf colour in the visible spectrum, but fruit
reflection in the ultraviolet area of the spectrum is
strongly correlated with leaf reflectance, emphasizing the
role of abiotic factors in determining fruit colour. These
results demonstrate that fruit colour is affected by both
animal sensory ecology and abiotic factors and highlight the
importance of an integrative approach which controls for the
relevant confounding factors.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-018-32604-x},
Key = {fds338477}
}
@article{fds342353,
Author = {Brown, KA and MacDougall, LK and Valenta, K and Simor, A and Johnstone,
J and Mubareka, S and Broukhanski, G and Garber, G and McGeer, A and Daneman, N},
Title = {Increased environmental sample area and recovery of
Clostridium difficile spores from hospital surfaces by
quantitative PCR and enrichment culture.},
Journal = {Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology},
Volume = {39},
Number = {8},
Pages = {917-923},
Year = {2018},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2018.103},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE:Clostridium difficile spores play an important
role in transmission and can survive in the environment for
several months. Optimal methods for measuring environmental
C. difficile are unknown. We sought to determine whether
increased sample surface area improved detection of C.
difficile from environmental samples. SETTING:Samples were
collected from 12 patient rooms in a tertiary-care hospital
in Toronto, Canada. METHODS:Samples represented small
surface-area and large surface-area floor and bedrail pairs
from single-bed rooms of patients with low (without prior
antibiotics), medium (with prior antibiotics), and high (C.
difficile infected) shedding risk. Presence of C. difficile
in samples was measured using quantitative polymerase chain
reaction (qPCR) with targets on the 16S rRNA and toxin B
genes and using enrichment culture. RESULTS:Of the 48
samples, 64·6% were positive by 16S qPCR (geometric mean,
13·8 spores); 39·6% were positive by toxin B qPCR
(geometric mean, 1·9 spores); and 43·8% were positive by
enrichment culture. By 16S qPCR, each 10-fold increase in
sample surface area yielded 6·6 times (95% CI, 3·2-13)
more spores. Floor surfaces yielded 27 times (95% CI,
4·9-181) more spores than bedrails, and rooms of C.
difficile-positive patients yielded 11 times (95% CI,
0·55-164) more spores than those of patients without prior
antibiotics. Toxin B qPCR and enrichment culture returned
analogous findings. CONCLUSIONS:Clostridium difficile spores
were identified in most floor and bedrail samples, and
increased surface area improved detection. Future research
aiming to understand the role of environmental C. difficile
in transmission should prefer samples with large surface
areas.},
Doi = {10.1017/ice.2018.103},
Key = {fds342353}
}
@article{fds338478,
Author = {Paim, FP and Valenta, K and Chapman, CA and Paglia, AP and de Queiroz,
HL},
Title = {Tree community structure reflects niche segregation of three
parapatric squirrel monkey species (Saimiri
spp.).},
Journal = {Primates; Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {59},
Number = {4},
Pages = {395-404},
Year = {2018},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10329-018-0659-6},
Abstract = {Integration between ecology and biogeography provides
insights into how niche specialization affects the
geographical distribution of species. Given that rivers are
not effective barriers to dispersal in three parapatric
species of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri vanzolinii, S.
cassiquiarensis and S. macrodon) inhabiting floodplain
forests of Central Amazonia, we tested whether forest
structure and tree diversity may explain species differences
in niche specialization and spatial segregation. We sampled
6617 trees of 326 species in three habitats (high várzea,
low várzea and chavascal) used by three Saimiri species,
and estimated tree species richness in each of them. For
each tree, we measured variables known to influence habitat
use in primates, such as crown area and presence of lianas,
epiphytes and hemi-epiphytes. We used ANOVA to compare these
variables and performed multivariate analyses (NMDS, ANOSIM
and SIMPER) to evaluate dissimilarities in forest structure
among each habitat inhabited by the three Saimiri species.
We identified differences in the tree species richness,
crown area and presence of lianas, epiphytes and
hemi-epiphytes between the three habitats for all Saimiri
species. NMDS demonstrated that areas of high and low
várzeas occupied by S. vanzolinii were clearly separated
from the other species. We also found that different plant
species contributed to dissimilarity among Saimiri ranges.
Our findings support the hypothesis that tree community
structure may promote niche specialization and spatial
segregation among primates. We discuss how these patterns
could have been favored by historical changes in forest
flood patterns, the evolutionary history of Saimiri spp.,
and past competition.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10329-018-0659-6},
Key = {fds338478}
}
@article{fds340242,
Author = {Valenta, K and Nevo, O and Chapman, CA},
Title = {Primate Fruit Color: Useful Concept or Alluring
Myth?},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {39},
Number = {3},
Pages = {321-337},
Publisher = {Springer Nature America, Inc},
Year = {2018},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-018-0025-y},
Abstract = {© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of
Springer Nature. While the importance of frugivorous
primates as seed dispersers is well established, the
question of the extent to which they exert selective
pressure on fruit color phenotypes is contested. Numerous
studies have identified suites of primate fruit colors, but
the lack of agreement among them illustrates the difficulty
of identifying the match between primate foraging behavior
and the extent of primate–plant coevolution. This may
indicate that primates do not shape fruit traits, at least
in a consistent direction, or that the evolution of fruit
color is affected by a complex array of selection pressures
in which primates play only a part. Here, we review the role
of primates in shaping fruit color in the context of primate
color vision phenotypes, and fruit phenotypic constraints
and selective pressures. To test the hypothesis that fruit
color is subjected to selection pressures by primates, we
offer six testable predictions aimed at disentangling the
complex array of factors that can contribute to fruit color
phenotypes, including animal mutualists, animal antagonists,
and developmental and phylogenetic constraints of fruits. We
conclude that identifying the importance of primate seed
dispersers in shaping fruit visual traits is possible, but
more complex than previously thought.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-018-0025-y},
Key = {fds340242}
}
@article{fds340243,
Author = {Nevo, O and Valenta, K},
Title = {The Ecology and Evolution of Fruit Odor: Implications for
Primate Seed Dispersal},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {39},
Number = {3},
Pages = {338-355},
Publisher = {Springer Nature America, Inc},
Year = {2018},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-018-0021-2},
Abstract = {© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of
Springer Nature. Primates are now known to possess a keen
sense of smell that serves them in various contexts,
including feeding. Many primate species are frugivorous and
provide essential seed dispersal services to a variety of
plants. Studies of pollination ecology, and recently seed
dispersal ecology, indicate that animal mutualist behavior
exerts selection pressures that drive changes in flower and
fruit traits. As a result, the use of olfaction in in
primate feeding ecology may have affected the evolution of
fruit odor in species that rely on primate seed dispersal.
However, this hypothesis is seldom tested. Here, we
summarize the available information on how primates may have
affected the evolution of fruit odor. We ask what the
chemistry of primate fruit odor may look like, what
information fruit odor may convey, whether there are
geographical differences in fruit odor, and what other
factors may affect the odor of fruits consumed by primates.
We identify many gaps in the available data and offer
research questions, hypotheses, and predictions for future
studies. Finally, to facilitate standardization in the
field, we discuss methodological issues in the process of
odor sampling and analysis.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-018-0021-2},
Key = {fds340243}
}
@article{fds338479,
Author = {Adamescu, GS and Plumptre, AJ and Abernethy, KA and Polansky, L and Bush, ER and Chapman, CA and Shoo, LP and Fayolle, A and Janmaat, KRL and Robbins, MM and Ndangalasi, HJ and Cordeiro, NJ and Gilby, IC and Wittig, RM and Breuer, T and Hockemba, MBN and Sanz, CM and Morgan, DB and Pusey, AE and Mugerwa, B and Gilagiza, B and Tutin, C and Ewango, CEN and Sheil, D and Dimoto, E and Baya, F and Bujo, F and Ssali, F and Dikangadissi, JT and Jeffery, K and Valenta, K and White, L and Masozera, M and Wilson, ML and Bitariho, R and Ndolo Ebika and ST and Gourlet-Fleury, S and Mulindahabi, F and Beale,
CM},
Title = {Annual cycles are the most common reproductive strategy in
African tropical tree communities},
Journal = {Biotropica},
Volume = {50},
Number = {3},
Pages = {418-430},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/btp.12561},
Abstract = {© 2018 The Association for Tropical Biology and
Conservation We present the first cross-continental
comparison of the flowering and fruiting phenology of
tropical forests across Africa. Flowering events of 5446
trees from 196 species across 12 sites and fruiting events
of 4595 trees from 191 species across 11 sites were
monitored over periods of 6 to 29 years and analyzed to
describe phenology at the continental level. To study
phenology, we used Fourier analysis to identify the dominant
cycles of flowering and fruiting for each individual tree
and we identified the time of year African trees bloom and
bear fruit and their relationship to local seasonality.
Reproductive strategies were diverse, and no single regular
cycle was found in >50% of individuals across all 12 sites.
Additionally, we found annual flowering and fruiting cycles
to be the most common. Sub-annual cycles were the next most
common for flowering, whereas supra-annual patterns were the
next most common for fruiting. We also identify variation in
different subsets of species, with species exhibiting mainly
annual cycles most common in West and West Central African
tropical forests, while more species at sites in East
Central and East African forests showed cycles ranging from
sub-annual to supra-annual. Despite many trees showing
strong seasonality, at most sites some flowering and
fruiting occurred all year round. Environmental factors with
annual cycles are likely to be important drivers of seasonal
periodicity in trees across Africa, but proximate triggers
are unlikely to be constant across the continent.},
Doi = {10.1111/btp.12561},
Key = {fds338479}
}
@article{fds338480,
Author = {Chapman, CA and Valenta, K and Bonnell, TR and Brown, KA and Chapman,
LJ},
Title = {Solar radiation and ENSO predict fruiting phenology patterns
in a 15-year record from Kibale National Park,
Uganda},
Journal = {Biotropica},
Volume = {50},
Number = {3},
Pages = {384-395},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/btp.12559},
Abstract = {© 2018 The Association for Tropical Biology and
Conservation Fruiting, flowering, and leaf set patterns
influence many aspects of tropical forest communities, but
there are few long-term studies examining potential drivers
of these patterns, particularly in Africa. We evaluated a
15-year dataset of tree phenology in Kibale National Park,
Uganda, to identify abiotic predictors of fruit phenological
patterns and discuss our findings in light of climate
change. We quantified fruiting for 326 trees from 43 species
and evaluated these patterns in relation to solar radiance,
rainfall, and monthly temperature. We used time-lagged
variables based on seasonality in linear regression models
to assess the effect of abiotic variables on the proportion
of fruiting trees. Annual fruiting varied over 3.8-fold, and
inter-annual variation in fruiting is associated with the
extent of fruiting in the peak period, not variation in time
of fruit set. While temperature and rainfall showed positive
effects on fruiting, solar radiance in the two-year period
encompassing a given year and the previous year was the
strongest predictor of fruiting. As solar irradiance was the
strongest predictor of fruiting, the projected increase in
rainfall associated with climate change, and coincident
increase in cloud cover suggest that climate change will
lead to a decrease in fruiting. ENSO in the prior 24-month
period was also significantly associated with annual ripe
fruit production, and ENSO is also affected by climate
change. Predicting changes in phenology demands
understanding inter-annual variation in fruit dynamics in
light of potential abiotic drivers, patterns that will only
emerge with long-term data.},
Doi = {10.1111/btp.12559},
Key = {fds338480}
}
@article{fds338481,
Author = {Chapman, CA and Bortolamiol, S and Matsuda, I and Omeja, PA and Paim,
FP and Reyna-Hurtado, R and Sengupta, R and Valenta,
K},
Title = {Primate population dynamics: variation in abundance over
space and time},
Journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
Volume = {27},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1221-1238},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1489-3},
Abstract = {© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of
Springer Nature. The rapid disappearance of tropical
forests, the potential impacts of climate change, and the
increasing threats of bushmeat hunting to wildlife, makes it
imperative that we understand wildlife population dynamics.
With long-lived animals this requires extensive, long-term
data, but such data is often lacking. Here we present
longitudinal data documenting changes in primate abundance
over 45 years at eight sites in Kibale National Park,
Uganda. Complex patterns of change in primate abundance were
dependent on site, sampling year, and species, but all
species, except blue monkeys, colonized regenerating forest,
indicating that park-wide populations are increasing. At two
paired sites, we found that while the primate populations in
the regenerating forests had increased from nothing to a
substantial size, there was little evidence of a decline in
the source populations in old-growth forest, with the
possible exception of mangabeys at one of the paired sites.
Censuses conducted in logged forest since 1970 demonstrated
that for all species, except black-and-white colobus, the
encounter rate was higher in the old-growth and
lightly-logged forest than in heavily-logged forest.
Black-and-white colobus generally showed the opposite trend
and were most common in the heavily-logged forest in all but
the first year of monitoring after logging, when they were
most common in the lightly-logged forest. Overall, except
for blue monkey populations which are declining, primate
populations in Kibale National Park are growing; in fact the
endangered red colobus populations have an annual growth
rate of 3%. These finding present a positive conservation
message and indicate that the Uganda Wildlife Authority is
being effective in managing its biodiversity; however, with
constant poaching pressure and changes such as the
exponential growth of elephant populations that could cause
forest degradation, continued monitoring and modification of
conservation plans are needed.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10531-017-1489-3},
Key = {fds338481}
}
@article{fds338482,
Author = {Nevo, O and Valenta, K and Tevlin, AG and Omeja, P and Styler, SA and Jackson, DJ and Chapman, CA and Ayasse, M},
Title = {Fruit defence syndromes: the independent evolution of
mechanical and chemical defences},
Journal = {Evolutionary Ecology},
Volume = {31},
Number = {6},
Pages = {913-923},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2017},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10682-017-9919-y},
Abstract = {© 2017, Springer International Publishing AG. Plants are
prone to attack by a great diversity of antagonists against
which they deploy various defence mechanisms, of which the
two principle ones are mechanical and chemical defences.
These defences are hypothesized to be negatively correlated
due to either functional redundancy or a trade-off, i.e.,
plants which rely on increased mechanical defence should
downregulate their degree of chemical defence and vice
versa. A competing hypothesis is that different defences
perform distinct functions and draw from different pools of
resources, which should result in their independent
evolution. We examine these competing hypotheses using two
independent datasets of fleshy fruits we collected from
Madagascar and Uganda. We sampled mechanical defences,
indexed by fruit puncture resistance, and defensive
defences, indexed by defensive volatile organic compounds,
and examined their associations using phylogenetically-controlled
models. In both systems, we found no correlation between
mechanical and chemical defences, thus supporting the
independent evolution hypothesis. This implies that fruit
defence mechanisms reflect a more complex array of selection
pressures and constraints than previously
perceived.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10682-017-9919-y},
Key = {fds338482}
}
@article{fds338483,
Author = {Valenta, K and Twinomugisha, D and Godfrey, K and Liu, C and Schoof,
VAM and Goldberg, TL and Chapman, CA},
Title = {Comparison of gastrointestinal parasite communities in
vervet monkeys.},
Journal = {Integrative Zoology},
Volume = {12},
Number = {6},
Pages = {512-520},
Year = {2017},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12270},
Abstract = {Globally, habitat degradation is accelerating, especially in
the tropics. Changes to interface habitats can increase
environmental overlap among nonhuman primates, people, and
domestic animals and change stress levels in wildlife,
leading to changes in their risk of parasite infections.
However, the direction and consequences of these changes are
unclear, since animals may benefit by exploiting human
resources (e.g., improving nutritional health by eating
nutritious crops) and decreasing susceptibility to
infection, or interactions with humans may lead to chronic
stress and increased susceptibility to infection. Vervet
monkeys are an excellent model to understand parasitic
disease transmission because of their tolerance to
anthropogenic disturbance. Here we quantify the
gastrointestinal parasites of a group of vervet monkeys
(Chlorocebus aethiops) near Lake Nabugabo, Uganda, that
frequently overlaps with people in their use of a highly
modified environment. We compare the parasites found in this
population to seven other sites where vervet monkey
gastrointestinal parasites have been identified. The vervets
of Lake Nabugabo have the greatest richness of parasites
documented to date. We discuss how this may reflect
differences in sampling intensity or differences in the
types of habitat where vervet parasites have been
sampled.},
Doi = {10.1111/1749-4877.12270},
Key = {fds338483}
}
@article{fds338484,
Author = {Farris, ZJ and Gerber, BD and Valenta, K and Rafaliarison, R and Razafimahaimodison, JC and Larney, E and Rajaonarivelo, T and Randriana, Z and Wright, PC and Chapman, CA},
Title = {Threats to a rainforest carnivore community: A multi-year
assessment of occupancy and co-occurrence in
Madagascar},
Journal = {Biological Conservation},
Volume = {210},
Pages = {116-124},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2017},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.04.010},
Abstract = {© 2017 Elsevier Ltd Protected areas (PA) aim to eliminate
many of the threats that species face on the greater
landscape. In the last three decades, PA's have expanded
considerably; however, quantitative assessments of how well
they have mitigated threats to habitat and biodiversity are
very limited. Habitat bordering PA's and the wildlife that
use it are threatened by a wide-range of anthropogenic
pressures (e.g., edge effects, fragmentation, and introduced
predators) and this situation is particularly acute for
low-density, poorly studied carnivore communities. From 2010
to 2015, we photographically sampled within (contiguous
forest) and bordering (degraded, fragmented forest) a UNESCO
World Heritage rainforest PA in Madagascar - Ranomafana
National Park (RNP). We investigated the effects of invasive
predators, local people presence, and habitat quality on the
endemic rainforest carnivore community using static,
dynamic, and co-occurrence models. We found native
carnivores to be absent or have a low probability of
occurrence in degraded forest bordering the PA, while local
people and dogs (Canis familiaris) had high occurrence.
Madagascar's largest endemic carnivore, the fosa
(Cryptoprocta ferox) and the much smaller ring-tailed
vontsira (Galidia elegans), occurrence in RNP declined
rapidly over six years; their strong co-occurrence with dogs
suggests interspecific competition, direct
aggression/mortality, or disease as the cause. We highlight
the dangers posed to biodiversity, particularly carnivores,
from anthropogenic pressures bordering PA's and present
recommendations to address increased human and dog activity,
including programs to control dogs and their impact on
biodiversity.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2017.04.010},
Key = {fds338484}
}
@article{fds338486,
Author = {Valenta, K and Nevo, O and Martel, C and Chapman,
CA},
Title = {Plant attractants: integrating insights from pollination and
seed dispersal ecology},
Journal = {Evolutionary Ecology},
Volume = {31},
Number = {2},
Pages = {249-267},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10682-016-9870-3},
Abstract = {© 2016, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.
Reproduction in many angiosperms depends on attracting
animals that provide pollination and seed dispersal
services. Flowers and fleshy fruits present various features
that can attract animal mutualists through visual,
olfactory, acoustic, and tactile cues and signals, and some
of these traits may result from selection exerted by
pollinators and seed dispersers. Plant attractants can
provide information regarding the presence, location, and
quality of the reward. However, because of the different
functional outcomes of pollination and seed dispersal,
pollination systems are thought to be more highly
specialized than seed dispersal systems. Despite these
interesting parallels and contrasts, theoretical and
empirical insights in the sensory ecology of pollination and
seed dispersal are rarely considered together. Here, we
review extant theory and data of sensory attractants from
both pollination and seed dispersal systems. We discuss
theoretical and empirical similarities and differences
between pollination and seed dispersal and offer suggestions
for ways in which insights from each field may benefit the
other in future.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10682-016-9870-3},
Key = {fds338486}
}
@article{fds338487,
Author = {Malcolm, JR and Valenta, K and Lehman, SM},
Title = {Edge effects in tropical dry forests of Madagascar:
additivity or synergy?},
Journal = {Landscape Ecology},
Volume = {32},
Number = {2},
Pages = {327-341},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2017},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-016-0453-z},
Abstract = {© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. Context:
The study of habitat fragmentation is complex because
multiple, potentially synergistic, ecological processes may
be acting simultaneously. Further, edge effects themselves
may be complex in that additivity from multiple edges can
give rise to heterogeneous nearest–edge gradients.
Objectives: We used heat diffusion as a proxy for additive
edge effects in two study landscapes in order to test
whether two key observations recently attributed to synergy
between edge and area effects could be more simply explained
by additivity; namely, steeper edge gradients in larger
fragments and variation in slopes of species–area
relationships as a function of distances to fragment edges.
Methods: We sampled forest structure in northwestern
Madagascar at various distances from the edge in fragments
and continuous forest and used an inverse modelling approach
to parameterize the model. In addition, we applied the model
to data from a published study of beetle communities in
fragmented forests in New Zealand. Results: With increasing
proximity to edges, woody stem densities decreased and, as
predicted, smaller fragments had lower stem densities and
less steep edge gradients than larger ones. The model
successfully predicted shifts in species–area
relationships as a function of nearest–edge distances for
beetle species, although observed richness for forest
specialists in the smallest fragments was lower than
predicted. Conclusions: Two key observations attributed to
synergy between edge and area effects were explained by edge
additivity. The model is particularly useful in that it can
help to disentangle the complex sets of processes acting in
fragmented landscapes.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10980-016-0453-z},
Key = {fds338487}
}
@article{fds338488,
Author = {Federman, S and Sinnott-Armstrong, M and Baden, AL and Chapman, CA and Daly, DC and Richard, AR and Valenta, K and Donoghue,
MJ},
Title = {The Paucity of Frugivores in Madagascar May Not Be Due to
Unpredictable Temperatures or Fruit Resources.},
Journal = {Plos One},
Volume = {12},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e0168943},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168943},
Abstract = {The evolution of ecological idiosyncrasies in Madagascar has
often been attributed to selective pressures stemming from
extreme unpredictability in climate and resource
availability compared to other tropical areas. With the
exception of rainfall, few studies have investigated these
assumptions. To assess the hypothesis that Madagascar's
paucity of frugivores is due to unreliability in fruiting
resources, we use statistical modeling to analyze phenology
datasets and their environmental correlates from two
tropical wet forests, the Réserve Naturelle Intégrale
Betampona in Madagascar, and Kibale National Park in Uganda.
At each site we found that temperature is a good
environmental predictor of fruit availability. We found no
evidence of a significant difference in the predictability
of fruit availability between the two sites, although the
shorter duration of phenological monitoring at Betampona
(two years, versus 15 years at Kibale) limits our ability to
infer long-term patterns. Comparisons of long-term
temperature data from each site (15 years from Kibale and 14
from Betampona) indicate that temperature is more
predictable at Betampona than at Kibale. However, there does
appear to be a difference between the two sites in the total
fruit availability at any given time, with fruit being
generally less abundant at Betampona. Our results appear
contrary to the prevailing hypothesis of a selective force
imposed by unpredictable resource availability or
temperature, and we suggest other possible explanations for
Madagascar's unique biota.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0168943},
Key = {fds338488}
}
@article{fds338485,
Author = {Chapman, CA and Corriveau, A and Schoof, VAM and Twinomugisha, D and Valenta, K},
Title = {Long-term simian research sites: Significance for theory and
conservation},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalogy},
Volume = {98},
Number = {3},
Pages = {652-660},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyw157},
Abstract = {© 2017 American Society of Mammalogists. Simian primates
(monkeys and apes) are typically long-lived animals with
slow life histories. They also have varying social
organization and can slowly impact their environment by
either being seed dispersers or by overbrowsing their food
trees. As a result, short-term studies and those focusing on
just 1 location only provide a snapshot of simian life under
a specific set of ecological conditions that typically do
not represent the complete spatial and temporal picture.
Long-term field studies are needed to obtain a true
understanding of their behavior, life history, ecology, and
the selective pressures acting on them. Fortunately, there
have been many long-term studies of simians, so a great deal
is known about many species. Here, we consider examples of
longterm studies that have operated continuously for
approximately a decade or more. We review studies that deal
with ecophysiology, social organization, population and
community ecology, or conservation. The information emerging
from these sites is particularly helpful in the construction
of informed conservation plans, which are desperately needed
given the severity of threats to simians and the fact that
responses do not occur over the duration of a Ph.D. or
granting cycle (typically 1-3 years).},
Doi = {10.1093/jmammal/gyw157},
Key = {fds338485}
}
@article{fds338489,
Author = {Omeja, PA and Lawes, MJ and Corriveau, A and Valenta, K and Sarkar, D and Paim, FP and Chapman, CA},
Title = {Recovery of tree and mammal communities during large-scale
forest regeneration in Kibale National Park,
Uganda},
Journal = {Biotropica},
Volume = {48},
Number = {6},
Pages = {770-779},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2016},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/btp.12360},
Abstract = {© 2016 The Association for Tropical Biology and
Conservation Tropical landscapes are changing rapidly as a
result of human modifications; however, despite increasing
deforestation, human population growth, and the need for
more agricultural land, deforestation rates have exceeded
the rate at which land is converted to cropland or pasture.
For deforested lands to have conservation value requires an
understanding of regeneration rates of vegetation, the rates
at which animals colonize and grow in regenerating areas,
and the nature of interactions between plants and animals in
the specific region. Here, we present data on forest
regeneration and animal abundance at four regenerating sites
that had reached the stage of closed canopy forest where the
average dbh of the trees was 17 cm. Overall, 20.3 percent
of stems were wind-dispersed species and 79.7 percent were
animal-dispersed species, while in the old-growth forest
17.3 percent of the stems were wind-dispersed species. The
regenerating forest supported a substantial primate
population and encounter rate (groups per km walked) in the
regenerating sites was high compared to the neighboring
old-growth forests. By monitoring elephant tracks for
10 yr, we demonstrated that elephant numbers increased
steadily over time, but they increased dramatically since
2004. In general, the richness of the mammal community
detected by sight, tracks, feces, and/or camera traps, was
high in regenerating forests compared to that documented for
the national park. We conclude that in Africa, a continent
that has seen dramatic declines in the area of old-growth
forest, there is ample opportunity to reclaim degraded areas
and quickly restore substantial animal populations.},
Doi = {10.1111/btp.12360},
Key = {fds338489}
}
@article{fds338490,
Author = {Valenta, K and Miller, CN and Monckton, SK and Melin, AD and Lehman, SM and Styler, SA and Jackson, DA and Chapman, CA and Lawes,
MJ},
Title = {Fruit Ripening Signals and Cues in a Madagascan Dry Forest:
Haptic Indicators Reliably Indicate Fruit Ripeness to
Dichromatic Lemurs},
Journal = {Evolutionary Biology},
Volume = {43},
Number = {3},
Pages = {344-355},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2016},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11692-016-9374-7},
Abstract = {© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York. Fruit
ripeness can be indicated through changes in chromaticity,
luminance, odor, hardness, and size to attract seed
dispersing animals. We quantified these attributes for both
ripe and unripe fruits of 31 lemur-dispersed plant species
in Ankarafantsika National Park, a tropical dry forest in
northwestern Madagascar. We used spectroscopy,
gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry, and a modified force
gauge to quantify chromaticity, luminance, odor, and
hardness. We compared these traits between unripe and ripe
fruits of each species to determine which traits reliably
indicate fruit ripeness across species. Overall, ripe fruits
were significantly heavier and softer than unripe fruits.
Ripe fruits were not more chromatically-conspicuous or
odiferous relative to unripe fruits, nor were ripe fruits
more conspicuous in the luminance channel. Contrary to
expectation, our findings indicate that, in this particular
system, plant-lemur interactions may be strongly mediated by
haptic traits, such as fruit hardness, which are consistent
and reliable indicators of fruit ripeness. Despite the
potential importance of haptic indicators of fruit ripeness,
they are underrepresented in the literature on sensory
ecology.},
Doi = {10.1007/s11692-016-9374-7},
Key = {fds338490}
}
@article{fds338491,
Author = {Valenta, K and Edwards, M and Rafaliarison, RR and Johnson, SE and Holmes, SM and Brown, KA and Dominy, NJ and Lehman, SM and Parra, EJ and Melin, AD},
Title = {Visual ecology of true lemurs suggests a cathemeral origin
for the primate cone opsin polymorphism},
Journal = {Functional Ecology.},
Volume = {30},
Number = {6},
Pages = {932-942},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Editor = {Portugal, S},
Year = {2016},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12575},
Abstract = {© 2015 The Authors. Functional Ecology © 2015 British
Ecological Society. In contrast to the majority of primates,
which exhibit dedicated diurnality or nocturnality, all
species of Eulemur are cathemeral. Colour vision, in
particular, is strongly affected by the spectral composition
and intensity of ambient light, and the impact of activity
period on the evolution of primate colour vision is actively
debated. We studied three groups of wild brown lemurs
(Eulemur fulvus) in Ankarafantsika National Park,
Madagascar, over a 1-year span. We also used non-invasive
faecal DNA collection and analysis to study the opsin genes
underlying the colour vision of 24 individuals. We
quantified the colour and brightness of dietary fruits and
modelled the chromaticity and discriminability of food
objects to different visual phenotypes under daylight,
twilight and moonlight conditions. We found that E. fulvus
possesses routine dichromacy, unlike its congener
E. flavifrons, for which polymorphic trichromacy has been
reported. Our models suggest that dichromacy is well suited
to the foraging ecology of E. fulvus. The performance of
modelled dichromats and trichromats is comparable under
nocturnal illuminants, and the luminance values of most diet
items are detectable across light conditions. The
trichromatic phenotype demonstrates a modest advantage under
daylight conditions. Our results, taken together with
reports of polymorphic trichromacy in E. flavifrons,
suggest functional ecological variation in the visual system
of the genus Eulemur. Interspecific phenotypic variation in
the colour vision of a genus is both unexpected and
instructive. Ecological differences between species of
Eulemur could reveal thresholds for the origins of
polymorphic trichromacy, which preceded the evolution of
routine trichromatic vision in humans and other
primates.},
Doi = {10.1111/1365-2435.12575},
Key = {fds338491}
}
@misc{fds338492,
Author = {Valenta, K and Lehman, SM},
Title = {Seed dispersal by mouse lemurs: Do Microcebus represent a
unique frugivorous guild?},
Pages = {353-365},
Booktitle = {The Dwarf and Mouse Lemurs of Madagascar: Biology, Behavior
and Conservation Biogeography of the Cheirogaleidae},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Year = {2016},
Month = {April},
ISBN = {9781107075597},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139871822.019},
Doi = {10.1017/CBO9781139871822.019},
Key = {fds338492}
}
@article{fds338493,
Author = {Parada-López, J and Valenta, K and Chapman, CA and Reyna-Hurtado,
R},
Title = {Spider Monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) Travel to Resting Trees in
a Seasonal Forest of the Yucatan Peninsula,
Mexico.},
Journal = {Folia Primatologica},
Volume = {87},
Number = {6},
Pages = {375-380},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000455122},
Abstract = {Resting by primates is considered an understudied activity,
relative to feeding or moving, despite its importance in
physiological and time investment terms. Here we describe
spider monkeys' (Ateles geoffroyi) travel from feeding to
resting trees in a seasonal tropical forest of the Yucatan
Peninsula. We followed adult and subadult individuals for as
long as possible, recording their activities and spatial
location to construct travel paths. Spider monkeys spent 44%
of the total sampling time resting. In 49% of the cases,
spider monkeys fed and subsequently rested in the same tree,
whereas in the remaining cases they travelled a mean
distance of 108.3 m. Spider monkeys showed high linear paths
(mean linearity index = 0.77) to resting trees when they
travelled longer distances than their visual field, which
suggests travel efficiency and reduced travel cost. Resting
activity is time consuming and affects the time available to
search for food and engage in social interactions.},
Doi = {10.1159/000455122},
Key = {fds338493}
}
@article{fds338494,
Author = {Chapman, CA and Friant, S and Godfrey, K and Liu, C and Sakar, D and Schoof, VAM and Sengupta, R and Twinomugisha, D and Valenta, K and Goldberg, TL},
Title = {Social Behaviours and Networks of Vervet Monkeys Are
Influenced by Gastrointestinal Parasites.},
Journal = {Plos One},
Volume = {11},
Number = {8},
Pages = {e0161113},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161113},
Abstract = {Substantial research has shown that while some parasite
infections can be fatal to hosts, most infections are
sub-clinical and non-lethal. Such sub-clinical infections
can nonetheless have negative consequences for the long-term
fitness of the host such as reducing juvenile growth and the
host's ability to compete for food and mates. With such
effects, infected individuals are expected to exhibit
behavioural changes. Here we use a parasite removal
experiment to quantify how gastrointestinal parasite
infections affect the behaviour of vervet monkeys
(Chlorocebus aethiops) at Lake Nabugabo, Uganda. Behavioural
profiles and the structure of nearest neighbour
relationships varied significantly. As predicted, after
deworming the duration of the resting events decreased,
which is consistent with the idea that parasite infections
are energetically costly. In contrast to what was predicted,
we could not reject the null hypothesis and we observed no
change in either the frequency or duration of grooming, but
we found that the duration of travel events increased. A
network analysis revealed that after deworming, individuals
tended to have more nearest neighbours and hence probably
more frequent interactions, with this effect being
particularly marked for juveniles. The heightened response
by juveniles may indicate that they are avoiding infected
individuals more than other age classes because it is too
costly to move energy away from growth. We consider that
populations with high parasite burden may have difficulties
developing social networks and behaviours that could have
cascading effects that impact the population in
general.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0161113},
Key = {fds338494}
}
@article{fds338495,
Author = {Valenta, K and Hopkins, ME and Meeking, M and Chapman, CA and Fedigan,
LM},
Title = {Spatial patterns of primary seed dispersal and adult tree
distributions: Genipa americana dispersed by Cebus
capucinus(Journal of Tropical Ecology (2015)
31(491-498)10.1017/S0266467415000413))},
Journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
Volume = {32},
Number = {1},
Pages = {88},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0266467415000577},
Abstract = {<jats:p>Within the second paragraph of page 494 incorrect
language was used to characterize the summary
characteristics used. Sentences 3–11 of this paragraph
should have read:</jats:p><jats:p>Second, we calculated
three univariate summary characteristics: the nearest
neighbour distribution function D(<jats:italic>r</jats:italic>),
the pair-correlation function g(<jats:italic>r</jats:italic>)
and the K-function K(<jats:italic>r</jats:italic>). The use
of multiple summary characteristics holds increased power to
characterize variation in spatial patterns
(Wiegand<jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic>2013). The
univariate nearest neighbour distribution function
D(<jats:italic>r</jats:italic>) can be interpreted as the
probability that the typical adult tree has its nearest
neighbouring adult tree within radius<jats:italic>r</jats:italic>(or
alternatively, the probability that the typical defecation
has its nearest neighbouring defecation within
radius<jats:italic>r</jats:italic>). The univariate
pair-correlation function g(<jats:italic>r</jats:italic>) is
a non-cumulative normalized neighbourhood density function
that gives the expected number of points within rings of
radius<jats:italic>r</jats:italic>and width<jats:italic>w</jats:italic>centred
on a typical point, divided by the mean density of points λ
in the study region (Wiegand<jats:italic>et
al.</jats:italic>2009). We applied g(<jats:italic>r</jats:italic>)
to trees and defecation point patterns separately, using a
ring width of 10 m. The K-function K(<jats:italic>r</jats:italic>)
provides a cumulative counterpart to the non-cumulative
pair-correlation function g(<jats:italic>r</jats:italic>) by
analysing dispersion and aggregation up to
distance<jats:italic>r</jats:italic>rather than at
distance<jats:italic>r</jats:italic>(Weigand &amp;
Moloney 2004). The K-function can be defined as the number
of expected points (i.e. either trees or defecations) within
circles of radius r extending from a typical point, divided
by the mean density of points λ within the study region.
Here, we apply the square root transformation L(r) to the
K-function to remove scale dependence and stabilize the
variance:<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives>??<jats:tex-math>$L(
r ) = \scriptstyle\sqrt {\frac{{K( r )}}{\pi }} -
r$</jats:tex-math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>(Besag
1977, Wiegand &amp; Moloney 2014).</jats:p>},
Doi = {10.1017/S0266467415000577},
Key = {fds338495}
}
@article{fds338496,
Author = {Chapman, CA and Valenta, K},
Title = {Costs and benefits of group living are neither simple nor
linear.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {112},
Number = {48},
Pages = {14751-14752},
Year = {2015},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1519760112},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1519760112},
Key = {fds338496}
}
@article{fds338497,
Author = {Valenta, K and Hopkins, ME and Meeking, M and Chapman, CA and Fedigan,
LM},
Title = {Spatial patterns of primary seed dispersal and adult tree
distributions: Genipa americana dispersed by Cebus
capucinus},
Journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
Volume = {31},
Number = {6},
Pages = {491-498},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {2015},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0266467415000413},
Abstract = {© 2015 Cambridge University Press. The spatial distribution
of adult trees is typically not expected to reflect the
spatial patterns of primary seed dispersal, due to many
factors influencing post-dispersal modification of the seed
shadow, such as seed predation, secondary seed dispersal and
density-dependent survival. Here, we test the hypothesis
that spatial distributions of primary seed shadows and adult
trees are concordant by analysing the spatial distributions
of adult Genipa americana trees and the seed shadow produced
by its key primary disperser, the capuchin monkey (Cebus
capucinus) in a tropical dry forest in Costa Rica. We mapped
the dispersal of G. americana seeds by the capuchins during
focal animal follows (mean = 463 min, n = 50) of all adults
in one free-ranging group over two early wet seasons
(May-July, 2005 and 2006). We mapped the locations of all G.
americana trees within a 60-ha plot that lay within the home
range of the capuchin group. We conducted multiple spatial
point pattern analyses comparing degrees of clustering of
capuchin defecations and G. americana trees. We found that
adult tree distributions and primary dispersal patterns are
similarly aggregated at multiple spatial scales, despite the
modification of the primary dispersal patterns and long
dispersal distances.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0266467415000413},
Key = {fds338497}
}
@article{fds338498,
Author = {Valenta, K and Brown, KA and Rafaliarison, RR and Styler, SA and Jackson, D and Lehman, SM and Chapman, CA and Melin,
AD},
Title = {Sensory integration during foraging: the importance of fruit
hardness, colour, and odour to brown lemurs},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Volume = {69},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1855-1865},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2015},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-015-1998-6},
Abstract = {© 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Animal reliance
on fruit signals, such as hardness, colour, and odour,
during foraging is poorly understood. Here, we present data
on fruit foraging behaviour and efficiency (rate of fruit
ingestion) of three groups of wild, frugivorous brown lemurs
(Eulemur fulvus, N = 29 individuals) in Ankarafantsika
National Park, Madagascar. We quantify fruit hardness using
a modified force gauge, fruit colour using spectroscopy, and
fruit odour using volatile organic compound (VOC) sampling
with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We relate lemur
foraging behaviour to fruit traits by calculating touching,
visual inspection, and sniffing indices and relate lemur
foraging efficiency to fruit traits by calculating
acceptance indices. The use of different sensory modalities
by lemurs is marginally predicted in one case by fruit
traits—fruits with higher overall smell signals are
sniffed less than fruits with lower overall smell signals.
When controlling for all fruit traits, fruit size is the
only significant predictor of fruit foraging
efficiency—lemurs forage more rapidly on smaller fruits
relative to larger fruits.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00265-015-1998-6},
Key = {fds338498}
}
@article{fds338500,
Author = {Brown, K and Valenta, K and Fisman, D and Simor, A and Daneman,
N},
Title = {Hospital ward antibiotic prescribing and the risks of
Clostridium difficile infection.},
Journal = {Jama Internal Medicine},
Volume = {175},
Number = {4},
Pages = {626-633},
Year = {2015},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8273},
Abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Only a portion of hospital-acquired Clostridium
difficile infections can be traced back to source patients
identified as having symptomatic disease. Antibiotic
exposure is the main risk factor for C difficile infection
for individual patients and is also associated with
increased asymptomatic shedding. Contact with patients
taking antibiotics within the same hospital ward may be a
transmission risk factor for C difficile infection, but this
hypothesis has never been tested. OBJECTIVES: To obtain a
complete portrait of inpatient risk that incorporates innate
patient risk factors and transmission risk factors measured
at the hospital ward level and to investigate ward-level
rates of antibiotic use and C difficile infection risk.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: A 46-month (June 1, 2010,
through March 31, 2014) retrospective cohort study of
inpatients 18 years or older in a large, acute care teaching
hospital composed of 16 wards, including 5 intensive care
units and 11 non-intensive care unit wards. EXPOSURES:
Patient-level risk factors (eg, age, comorbidities,
hospitalization history, antibiotic exposure) and ward-level
risk factors (eg, antibiotic therapy per 100 patient-days,
hand hygiene adherence, mean patient age) were identified
from hospital databases. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:
Incidence of hospital-acquired C difficile infection as
identified prospectively by hospital infection prevention
and control staff. RESULTS: A total of 255 of 34 298
patients developed C difficile (incidence rate, 5.95 per
10,000 patient-days; 95% CI, 5.26-6.73). Ward-level
antibiotic exposure varied from 21.7 to 56.4 days of therapy
per 100 patient-days. Each 10% increase in ward-level
antibiotic exposure was associated with a 2.1 per 10,000 (P
< .001) increase in C difficile incidence. The association
between C difficile incidence and ward antibiotic exposure
was the same among patients with and without recent
antibiotic exposure, and C difficile risk persisted after
multilevel, multivariate adjustment for differences in
patient-risk factors among wards (relative risk, 1.34 per
10% increase in days of therapy; 95% CI, 1.16-1.57).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among hospital inpatients,
ward-level antibiotic prescribing is associated with a
statistically significant and clinically relevant increase
in C difficile risk that persists after adjustment for
differences in patient-level antibiotic use and other
patient- and ward-level risk factors. These data strongly
support the use of antibiotic stewardship as a means of
preventing C difficile infection.},
Doi = {10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8273},
Key = {fds338500}
}
@article{fds338501,
Author = {Valenta, K and Brown, KA and Melin, AD and Monckton, SK and Styler, SA and Jackson, DA and Chapman, CA},
Title = {It's Not Easy Being Blue: Are There Olfactory and Visual
Trade-Offs in Plant Signalling?},
Journal = {Plos One},
Volume = {10},
Number = {6},
Pages = {e0131725},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131725},
Abstract = {Understanding the signals used by plants to attract seed
disperses is a pervasive quest in evolutionary and sensory
biology. Fruit size, colour, and odour variation have long
been discussed in the controversial context of dispersal
syndromes targeting olfactory-oriented versus
visually-oriented foragers. Trade-offs in signal investment
could impose important physiological constraints on plants,
yet have been largely ignored. Here, we measure the
reflectance and volatile organic compounds of a community of
Malagasy plants and our results indicate that extant plant
signals may represent a trade-off between olfactory and
chromatic signals. Blue pigments are the most
visually-effective--blue is a colour that is visually
salient to all known seed dispersing animals within the
study system. Additionally, plants with blue-reflecting
fruits are less odiferous than plants that reflect primarily
in other regions of the colour spectrum.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0131725},
Key = {fds338501}
}
@article{fds338499,
Author = {Valenta, K and Steffens, TS and Rafaliarison, RR and Chapman, CA and Lehman, SM},
Title = {Seed Banks in Savanna, Forest Fragments, and Continuous
Forest Edges Differ in a Tropical Dry Forest in
Madagascar},
Journal = {Biotropica},
Volume = {47},
Number = {4},
Pages = {435-440},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/btp.12228},
Abstract = {© 2015 The Association for Tropical Biology and
Conservation. Rapid deforestation has fragmented habitat
across the landscape of Madagascar. To determine the effect
of fragmentation on seed banks and the potential for forest
regeneration, we sampled seed viability, density and
diversity in 40 plots of 1 m<sup>2</sup> in three habitat
types: forest fragments, the near edge of continuous forest,
and deforested savanna in a highly fragmented dry deciduous
forest landscape in northwestern Madagascar. While seed
species diversity was not different between forest fragments
and continuous forest edge, the number of animal-dispersed
seeds was significantly higher in forest fragments than in
continuous forest edge, and this pattern was driven by a
single, small-seeded species. In the savanna, seeds were
absent from all but three of the 40 plots, indicating that
regeneration potential is low in these areas. Several pre-
and post-dispersal biotic and abiotic factors, including
variation in the seed predator communities and edge effects
could explain these findings. Understanding the extent to
which seed dispersal and seed banks influence the
regeneration potential of fragmented landscapes is critical
as these fragments are the potential sources of forest
expansion and re-connectivity.},
Doi = {10.1111/btp.12228},
Key = {fds338499}
}
@article{fds338502,
Author = {Valenta, K and Burke, RJ and Styler, SA and Jackson, DA and Melin, AD and Lehman, SM},
Title = {Colour and odour drive fruit selection and seed dispersal by
mouse lemurs.},
Journal = {Scientific Reports},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {2424},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep02424},
Abstract = {Animals and fruiting plants are involved in a complex set of
interactions, with animals relying on fruiting trees as food
resources, and fruiting trees relying on animals for seed
dispersal. This interdependence shapes fruit signals such as
colour and odour, to increase fruit detectability, and
animal sensory systems, such as colour vision and olfaction
to facilitate food identification and selection. Despite the
ecological and evolutionary importance of plant-animal
interactions for shaping animal sensory adaptations and
plant characteristics, the details of the relationship are
poorly understood. Here we examine the role of fruit
chromaticity, luminance and odour on seed dispersal by mouse
lemurs. We show that both fruit colour and odour
significantly predict fruit consumption and seed dispersal
by Microcebus ravelobensis and M. murinus. Our study is the
first to quantify and examine the role of bimodal fruit
signals on seed dispersal in light of the sensory abilities
of the disperser.},
Doi = {10.1038/srep02424},
Key = {fds338502}
}
@article{fds338503,
Author = {Valenta, K and Fedigan, LM},
Title = {Spatial patterns of seed dispersal by white-faced capuchins
in Costa Rica: Evaluating distant-dependent seed
mortality},
Journal = {Biotropica},
Volume = {42},
Number = {2},
Pages = {223-228},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2010},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00551.x},
Abstract = {Spatial patterns of seed dispersal are the focus of numerous
theoretical examinations of endozoochory. Here, we examine
the spatial pattern of seed dispersal by white-faced
capuchin monkeys Cebus capucinus in Santa Rosa National
Park, Costa Rica, and the neighborhood characteristics and
distance variables most closely associated with seed
survival and germination, and seedling survival and growth
in various locations. Overall, distance to the nearest
fruiting conspecific tree has the most positive, consistent
effect on growth and survival variables, which supports a
variation of the Janzen-Connell seed escape hypothesis. ©
2009 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2009 by The
Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00551.x},
Key = {fds338503}
}
@article{fds338504,
Author = {Valenta, K and Fedigan, LM},
Title = {Effects of gut passage, feces, and seed handling on latency
and rate of germination in seeds consumed by capuchins
(Cebus capucinus).},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {138},
Number = {4},
Pages = {486-492},
Year = {2009},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20982},
Abstract = {One of the key measures of the effectiveness of primary seed
dispersal by animals is the quality of seed dispersal
(Schupp: Plant Ecol 107/108 [1993] 15-29). We present data
on quality of seed dispersal by two groups of white-faced
capuchins (Cebus capucinus) in Costa Rica to test the
hypothesis that capuchin seed handling results in effective
primary dispersal for some fruit species they consume. We
examined seed handling for 27 plant species, and germination
rates of 18 species consumed by capuchins. For five of the
most commonly swallowed seed species, we determined
germination rates and average time to germination (latency)
for seeds ingested and defecated by capuchins and compared
these to seeds removed directly from fruit and planted. For
the same five species, we compared germination rates and
latency for passed seeds planted in capuchin feces to those
cleaned of feces and planted in soil. For three of five
species, differences in proportion of germinated seeds were
significantly higher for gut passed seeds than for controls.
For four of five species, germination latency was
significantly faster for gut passed seeds than for controls.
Feces had either no effect on seed germination rate or
precluded germination. Data presented here support the
hypothesis that white-faced capuchins are effective primary
dispersers.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20982},
Key = {fds338504}
}
@article{fds338505,
Author = {Valenta, K and Fedigan, LM},
Title = {How much is a lot? Seed dispersal by white-faced capuchins
and implications for disperser-based studies of seed
dispersal systems.},
Journal = {Primates; Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {49},
Number = {3},
Pages = {169-175},
Year = {2008},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10329-008-0087-0},
Abstract = {The quantity of seeds dispersed is considered one of several
means to determine the dispersal effectiveness of an animal.
However, there is little consistency in the manner in which
quantities are measured or presented. Here, we quantify seed
dispersal by white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus)
in Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica by measuring: degree
of frugivory, number of plant species consumed, the number
of seeds consumed per unit time, the number of seeds
dispersed intact per unit time, and the number of seeds
dispersed intact per unit space. Forty-nine percent of C.
capucinus diet is composed of the fruit of 39 species, 4 of
which constitute 82% of the frugivory. Seventy-four percent
of consumed fruits contain seeds that pass intact through
the capuchin digestive system. Capuchins pass a mean of 15.7
seeds of a mean of 1.3 species per defecation, and defecate
25.4 times per 12-h day. These numbers are compared with
extant data for C. capucinus, and possible reasons for
discrepancies among results between studies are discussed.
We propose a standardization of quantitative measures of
seed dispersal so that quantifications of seed dispersal can
be compared within species, and eventually across
species.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10329-008-0087-0},
Key = {fds338505}
}
%% van Nievelt, Alexander
@article{fds44643,
Author = {van Nievelt, A.F.H. and K.K. Smith},
Title = {To replace or not to replace: The significance of reduced
tooth replacement in marsupial and placental
mammals},
Journal = {Paleobiology},
Volume = {31},
Number = {2},
Pages = {324-346},
Year = {2005},
Abstract = {Marsupial mammals are characterized by a pattern of dental
replacement thought to be unique. The apparent primitive
therian pattern is two functional generations of teeth at
the incisor, canine, and premolar loci, and a series of
molar teeth, which by definition are never replaced. In
marsupials, the incisor, canine, and first and second
premolar positions possess only a single functional
generation. Recently this pattern of dental development has
been hypothesized to be a synapomorphy of metatherians, and
has been used to diagnose taxa in the fossil record.
Further, the suppression of the first generation of teeth
has been linked to the marsupial mode of reproduction,
through the mechanical suppression of odontogenesis during
the period of fixation of marsupials, and has been used to
reconstruct the mode of reproduction of fossil organisms.
Here we show that dental development occurs throughout the
period of fixation; therefore, the hypothesis that
odontogenesis is mechanically suppressed during this period
is refuted. Further, we present comparative data on dental
replacement in eutherians and demonstrate that suppression
of tooth replacement is fairly common in diverse groups of
placental mammals. We conclude that reproductive mode is
neither a necessary nor a sufficient explanation for the
loss of tooth replacement in marsupials. We explore possible
alternative explanations for the loss of replacement in
therians, but we argue that no single hypothesis is adequate
to explain the full range of observed patterns.},
Key = {fds44643}
}
@article{fds44635,
Author = {van Nievelt, A.F.H. and K.K. Smith},
Title = {Tooth eruption in Monodelphis domestica and its significance
for phylogeny and natural history},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalogy},
Volume = {86},
Number = {2},
Pages = {333-341},
Year = {2005},
Abstract = {http://www.asmjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1644%2FBWG-224.1},
Key = {fds44635}
}
@article{fds44741,
Author = {van Nievelt, A.F.H.},
Title = {Somatic growth and growth of the erupted dentition in a
marsupial},
Journal = {Journal of Morphology},
Volume = {260},
Number = {3},
Pages = {336},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds44741}
}
@article{fds44742,
Author = {van Nievelt, A.F.H. and K.K. Smith},
Title = {Evolution of reduced tooth replacement in therian
mammals},
Journal = {Journal of Morphology},
Volume = {248},
Number = {3},
Pages = {294},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds44742}
}
@article{fds44712,
Author = {van Nievelt, A.F.H. and K.K. Smith},
Title = {A case of bilateral 180° rotation of the last lower molars
of Monodelphis domestica (Marsupialia: Didelphidae)},
Journal = {Archives of Oral Biology},
Volume = {42},
Number = {8},
Pages = {587-591},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds44712}
}
@article{fds44743,
Author = {van Nievelt, A.F.H. and K.K. Smith},
Title = {Dental development in Monodelphis domestica (Marsupialia:
Didelphidae)},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {17},
Number = {3},
Pages = {82A},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds44743}
}
%% Vilgalys, Tauras
@article{fds337606,
Author = {Lea, AJ and Vilgalys, TP and Durst, PAP and Tung,
J},
Title = {Maximizing ecological and evolutionary insight in bisulfite
sequencing data sets.},
Journal = {Nature Ecology and Evolution},
Volume = {1},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1074-1083},
Year = {2017},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0229-0},
Abstract = {Genome-scale bisulfite sequencing approaches have opened the
door to ecological and evolutionary studies of DNA
methylation in many organisms. These approaches can be
powerful. However, they introduce new methodological and
statistical considerations, some of which are particularly
relevant to non-model systems. Here, we highlight how these
considerations influence a study's power to link methylation
variation with a predictor variable of interest. Relative to
current practice, we argue that sample sizes will need to
increase to provide robust insights. We also provide
recommendations for overcoming common challenges and an R
Shiny app to aid in study design.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41559-017-0229-0},
Key = {fds337606}
}
%% Walker, Christopher S.
@article{fds325894,
Author = {Berger, LR and Hawks, J and de Ruiter, DJ and Churchill, SE and Schmid,
P and Delezene, LK and Kivell, TL and Garvin, HM and Williams, SA and DeSilva, JM and Skinner, MM and Musiba, CM and Cameron, N and Holliday,
TW and Harcourt-Smith, W and Ackermann, RR and Bastir, M and Bogin, B and Bolter, D and Brophy, J and Cofran, ZD and Congdon, KA and Deane, AS and Dembo, M and Drapeau, M and Elliott, MC and Feuerriegel, EM and Garcia-Martinez, D and Green, DJ and Gurtov, A and Irish, JD and Kruger,
A and Laird, MF and Marchi, D and Meyer, MR and Nalla, S and Negash, EW and Orr, CM and Radovcic, D and Schroeder, L and Scott, JE and Throckmorton,
Z and Tocheri, MW and VanSickle, C and Walker, CS and Wei, P and Zipfel,
B},
Title = {Homo naledi, a new species of the genus Homo from the
Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa.},
Journal = {Elife},
Volume = {4},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09560},
Abstract = {Homo naledi is a previously-unknown species of extinct
hominin discovered within the Dinaledi Chamber of the Rising
Star cave system, Cradle of Humankind, South Africa. This
species is characterized by body mass and stature similar to
small-bodied human populations but a small endocranial
volume similar to australopiths. Cranial morphology of H.
naledi is unique, but most similar to early Homo species
including Homo erectus, Homo habilis or Homo rudolfensis.
While primitive, the dentition is generally small and simple
in occlusal morphology. H. naledi has humanlike manipulatory
adaptations of the hand and wrist. It also exhibits a
humanlike foot and lower limb. These humanlike aspects are
contrasted in the postcrania with a more primitive or
australopith-like trunk, shoulder, pelvis and proximal
femur. Representing at least 15 individuals with most
skeletal elements repeated multiple times, this is the
largest assemblage of a single species of hominins yet
discovered in Africa.},
Doi = {10.7554/eLife.09560},
Key = {fds325894}
}
@misc{fds218820,
Author = {Walker CS and Churchill SE},
Title = {Territory size in Canis lupus: implications for Neandertal
mobility},
Booktitle = {Mobility: interpreting behavior from skeletal adaptations
and environmental interactions},
Publisher = {New York: Springer},
Editor = {Marchi D and Carlson K},
Year = {2014},
Key = {fds218820}
}
@article{fds218821,
Author = {DeSilva JM and Holt KG and Churchill SE and Carlson KJ and Walker CS and Zipfel B and Berger LR},
Title = {The lower limb and mechanics of walking in Australopithecus
sediba},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {340},
Number = {6129},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds218821}
}
%% Wall, Christine E.
@article{fds376765,
Author = {Godfrey, LR and Shapiro, LJ and Wall, CE and Wunderlich,
RE},
Title = {In memoriam: William Lee Jungers, Jr.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {189},
Pages = {103515},
Year = {2024},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103515},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103515},
Key = {fds376765}
}
@article{fds373370,
Author = {Wall, CE and Hanna, JB and O'Neill, MC and Toler, M and Laird,
MF},
Title = {Energetic costs of feeding in 12 species of small-bodied
primates.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {378},
Number = {1891},
Pages = {20220553},
Year = {2023},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2022.0553},
Abstract = {There are no comparative, empirical studies of the energetic
costs of feeding in mammals. As a result, we lack
physiological data to better understand the selection
pressures on the mammalian feeding apparatus and the
influence of variables such as food geometric and material
properties. This study investigates interspecific scaling of
the net energetic costs of feeding in relation to body size,
jaw-adductor muscle mass and food properties in a sample of
12 non-human primate species ranging in size from 0.08 to
4.2 kg. Net energetic costs during feeding were measured by
indirect calorimetry for a variety of pre-cut and whole raw
foods varying in geometric and material properties. Net
feeding costs were determined in two ways: by subtracting
either the initial metabolic rate prior to feeding or
subtracting the postprandial metabolic rate. Interspecific
scaling relationships were evaluated using pGLS and OLS
regression. Net feeding costs scale negatively relative to
both body mass and jaw-adductor mass. Large animals incur
relatively lower feeding costs indicating that small and
large animals experience and solve mechanical challenges in
relation to energetics in different ways. This article is
part of the theme issue 'Food processing and nutritional
assimilation in animals'.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2022.0553},
Key = {fds373370}
}
@article{fds369975,
Author = {Peckre, LR and Fabre, AC and Wall, CE and Pouydebat, E and Whishaw,
IQ},
Title = {Evolutionary History of food Withdraw Movements in Primates:
Food Withdraw is Mediated by Nonvisual Strategies in 22
Species of Strepsirrhines},
Journal = {Evolutionary Biology},
Volume = {50},
Number = {2},
Pages = {206-223},
Year = {2023},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11692-023-09598-0},
Abstract = {Anthropoid vision contributes not only to reaching and
grasping but also to the orienting of a food item during the
withdraw movement to precisely place it in the mouth for
eating. The evolutionary history of this visual control of
feeding is not known. It likely evolved from the nonvisual
control of the hand that is used with good effect for eating
in many non-primate animal species. Strepsirrhines are a
relatively large monophyletic group, diverging near the base
of the primate cladogram, and described as using vision to
reach for food. It is not known whether they use vision to
orient food items during the withdraw movement. Video
recordings of 7,464 withdraw movements from 22 species of
captive strepsirrhines eating their normal food provisions
were used to assess whether and how vision contributes to
the withdraw movement. The constituent acts of withdraw
movements, head orientation, body posture, ground-withdraw
and inhand-withdraw, were assessed using frame-by-frame
video inspection. Strepsirrhines were versatile in using
their hands to get food to the mouth. They displayed
variation between and within families that were weakly
related to phylogenetic relationships and mainly related to
feeding niches. There was no evidence that any species used
vision to assist with the withdraw movement. Instead
strepsirrhines used mouth reaching to take food from the
hand and/or perioral contact to positioning food for biting.
Our findings support two hypotheses: that visual mediation
of food orienting for placement in the mouth during the
withdraw movement is an anthropoid innovation, and that the
evolution of the visual control of feeding was not a
singular event.},
Doi = {10.1007/s11692-023-09598-0},
Key = {fds369975}
}
@article{fds367685,
Author = {Fabre, AC and Portela Miguez and R and Wall, CE and Peckre, LR and Ehmke,
E and Boistel, R},
Title = {A review of nose picking in primates with new evidence of
its occurrence in Daubentonia madagascariensis},
Journal = {Journal of Zoology},
Volume = {319},
Number = {2},
Pages = {91-98},
Year = {2023},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jzo.13034},
Abstract = {Nose picking (rhinotillexis) is a common behaviour in humans
which remains, however, poorly studied. Several species of
primates are known to pick their nose and ingest the nasal
mucus suggesting that this behaviour may actually be
beneficial and showing it is not restricted to humans. Here,
we review relevant literature and online sources, and
document the species of primates observed to pick their
nose. We also present the first occurrence of this behaviour
in a species of strepsirrhine primate (lemurs and relatives)
with a unique video showing an aye-aye picking its nose.
While doing so this animal inserts the entire length of its
extra-long, skinny and highly mobile middle finger into the
nasal passages and then licks the nasal mucus collected. We
further investigate the internal anatomy of the nasal cavity
of the aye-aye in order to understand how it can introduce
its entire finger in its nasal cavity and discover that the
finger likely descends into the pharynx. We show that this
behaviour is present in at least 12 species of primates,
most of them also showing great manipulative/tool use skills
and may have some associated benefits that need to be
further investigated. Further comparative studies examining
nose picking and mucophagy in other primate species and
vertebrates in general may shed additional light on its
evolution and possible functional role.},
Doi = {10.1111/jzo.13034},
Key = {fds367685}
}
@article{fds376766,
Author = {Laird, MF and Granatosky, MC and Kanno, CM and Wall, CE and De Oliveira,
JA and Ross, CF},
Title = {The primate feeding system does not optimize energetic
expenditure},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {180},
Pages = {99-99},
Year = {2023},
Key = {fds376766}
}
@article{fds350471,
Author = {Cullen, MM and Schmitt, D and Granatosky, MC and Wall, CE and Platt, M and Larsen, R},
Title = {Gaze-behaviors of runners in a natural, urban running
environment.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {15},
Number = {5},
Pages = {e0233158},
Year = {2020},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233158},
Abstract = {Gaze-tracking techniques have advanced our understanding of
visual attention and decision making during walking and
athletic events, but little is known about how vision
influences behavior during running over common, natural
obstacles. This study tested hypotheses about whether
runners regularly collect visual information and pre-plan
obstacle clearance (feedforward control), make
improvisational adjustments (online control), or some
combination of both. In this study, the gaze profiles of 5
male and 5 female runners, fitted with a telemetric
gaze-tracking device, were used to identify the frequency of
fixations on an obstacle during a run. Overall, participants
fixated on the obstacle 2.4 times during the run, with the
last fixation occurring on average between 40% and 80% of
the run, suggesting runners potentially shifted from a
feedforward planning strategy to an online control strategy
during the late portions of the running trial. A negative
association was observed between runner velocity and average
number of fixations. Consistent with previous studies on
visual strategies used during walking, our results indicate
that visual attentiveness is part of an important
feedforward strategy for runners allowing them to safely
approach an obstacle. Thus, visual obstacle attention is a
key factor in the navigation of complex, natural landscapes
while running.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0233158},
Key = {fds350471}
}
@article{fds346745,
Author = {Peckre, LR and Lowie, A and Brewer, D and Ehmke, E and Welser, K and Shaw,
E and Wall, C and Pouydebat, E and Fabre, A-C},
Title = {Food mobility and the evolution of grasping behaviour: a
case study in strepsirrhine primates.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Volume = {222},
Number = {Pt 20},
Pages = {jeb207688},
Year = {2019},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.207688},
Abstract = {Manual grasping is widespread among tetrapods but is more
prominent and dexterous in primates. Whether the selective
pressures that drove the evolution of dexterous hand
grasping involved the collection of fruit or predation on
mobile insects remains an area of debate. One way to explore
this question is to examine preferences for manual versus
oral grasping of a moving object. Previous studies on
strepsirrhines have shown a preference for oral grasping
when grasping static food items and a preference for manual
grasping when grasping mobile prey such as insects, but
little is known about the factors at play. Using a
controlled experiment with a simple and predictable motion
of a food item, we tested and compared the grasping
behaviours of 53 captive individuals belonging to 17 species
of strepsirrhines while grasping swinging food items and
static food items. The swinging motion increased the
frequency of hand-use for all individuals. Our results
provide evidence that the swinging motion of the food is a
sufficient parameter to increase hand grasping in a wide
variety of strepsirrhine primates. From an evolutionary
perspective, this result gives some support to the idea that
hand-grasping abilities evolved under selective pressure
associated with the predation of food items in motion.
Looking at a common grasping pattern across a large set of
species, this study provides important insight into
comparative approaches to understanding the evolution of the
hand grasping of food in primates and potentially other
tetrapod taxa.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.207688},
Key = {fds346745}
}
@article{fds346459,
Author = {Peckre, LR and Fabre, AC and Hambuckers, J and Wall, CE and Socias-Martínez, L and Pouydebat, E},
Title = {Food properties influence grasping strategies in
strepsirrhines},
Journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society},
Volume = {127},
Number = {3},
Pages = {583-597},
Year = {2019},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/bly215},
Abstract = {Although hand grasping is ubiquitous in primate species, its
origins remain uncertain. This is in part because
uncertainty about hand skills and grasping strategies
persists in strepsirrhines, a monophyletic group of primates
located near the base of the primate tree. In this study, we
report and discuss our observations of the different
grasping strategies adopted by 85 captive individuals
belonging to 22 species of strepsirrhines during the
grasping of food items of different sizes and consistencies.
Our results indicate that although strepsirrhines do not
present variability in their hand-grip types (sole
whole-hand power grip), they are able to adjust their
grasping strategy depending on the properties of the food.
Notably, they use the mouth when more precision is needed
(i.e. to grasp small items). Moreover, grasping strategies
adopted for big items differ depending on food consistency,
revealing a new and potentially essential factor to consider
in future research on grasping abilities. We believe that by
looking across this important set of species in
unconstrained standardized conditions, this study provides
valuable insight for further comparative research on the
potential selective pressures involved in the evolution of
hand grasping.},
Doi = {10.1093/biolinnean/bly215},
Key = {fds346459}
}
@article{fds346460,
Author = {Fabre, AC and Peckre, L and Pouydebat, E and Wall,
CE},
Title = {Does the shape of forelimb long bones co-vary with grasping
behaviour in strepsirrhine primates?},
Journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society},
Volume = {127},
Number = {3},
Pages = {649-660},
Year = {2019},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/bly188},
Abstract = {Fine prehensile activities are often thought to have been
associated with the evolution of the human hand. However,
there has been no holistic approach establishing the link
between the morphology of the forelimb and grasping ability
in living primates. The present study investigated the
possible relationships between grasping behaviour and the
morphology of the forelimb in strepsirrhines in a
phylogenetic context. To do so, grasping behaviour during
feeding and the shape of the long bones of the forelimb were
analysed for 22 species of strepsirrhines. The data obtained
show that there is a phylogenetic signal in forelimb
morphology in primates in relation to grasping behaviour,
but also that there is a marked co-evolution between
grasping behaviour and the shape of the humerus and radius.
This latter finding suggests a functional association
between grasping and forelimb shape, which in turn suggests
that bone shape constrains or facilitates behaviour. This
result may permit future inferences to be made regarding
this behaviour in extinct species and deserves further
examination in more detail.},
Doi = {10.1093/biolinnean/bly188},
Key = {fds346460}
}
@article{fds362850,
Author = {Doyle, DJ and Holmes, M and Schmitt, D and Zeininger, A and Wall,
CE},
Title = {Gorilla hindlimb muscle fiber phenotypes},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {168},
Pages = {62-62},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds362850}
}
@misc{fds376767,
Author = {Vinyard, CJ and Teaford, MF and Wall, CE and Taylor,
AB},
Title = {The Masticatory Apparatus of Humans (Homo sapiens):
Evolution and Comparative Functional Morphology},
Pages = {831-865},
Booktitle = {Feeding in Vertebrates},
Publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
Year = {2019},
ISBN = {9783030137380},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13739-7_21},
Doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-13739-7_21},
Key = {fds376767}
}
@article{fds340868,
Author = {Granatosky, MC and Bryce, CM and Hanna, J and Fitzsimons, A and Laird,
MF and Stilson, K and Wall, CE and Ross, CF},
Title = {Inter-stride variability triggers gait transitions in
mammals and birds.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {285},
Number = {1893},
Pages = {20181766},
Year = {2018},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1766},
Abstract = {Speed-related gait transitions occur in many animals, but it
remains unclear what factors trigger gait changes. While the
most widely accepted function of gait transitions is that
they reduce locomotor costs, there is no obvious metabolic
trigger signalling animals when to switch gaits. An
alternative approach suggests that gait transitions serve to
reduce locomotor instability. While there is evidence
supporting this in humans, similar research has not been
conducted in other species. This study explores energetics
and stride variability during the walk-run transition in
mammals and birds. Across nine species, energy savings do
not predict the occurrence of a gait transition. Instead,
our findings suggest that animals trigger gait transitions
to maintain high locomotor rhythmicity and reduce unstable
states. Metabolic efficiency is an important benefit of gait
transitions, but the reduction in dynamic instability may be
the proximate trigger determining when those transitions
occur.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2018.1766},
Key = {fds340868}
}
@article{fds337013,
Author = {Wall, CE and Holmes, M and Soderblom, EJ and Taylor,
AB},
Title = {Proteomics and immunohistochemistry identify the expression
of α-cardiac myosin heavy chain in the jaw-closing muscles
of sooty mangabeys (order Primates).},
Journal = {Arch Oral Biol},
Volume = {91},
Pages = {103-108},
Year = {2018},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.01.019},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The jaw-closing muscles of humans and nonprimate
mammals express alpha-cardiac fibers but MyHC α-cardiac has
not been identified in the jaw adductors of nonhuman
primates. We determined whether MyHC α-cardiac is expressed
in the superficial masseter and temporalis muscles of the
sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys), an African Old World
monkey that specializes on hard seeds. DESIGN: LC-MS/MS
based proteomics was used to identify the presence of MyHC
Iα. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the
composition and distribution of fiber types in the
superficial masseter and temporalis muscles of eight C.
atys. Serial sections were stained against MyHC α-cardiac
(MYH6), as well as MyHC-1 (NOQ7.5.4D), MyHC-2 (MY-32), and
MyHC-M (2F4). RESULTS: Proteomics analysis identified the
presence of Myosin-6 (MyHC α-cardiac) in both heart atrium
and superficial masseter. MyHC α-cardiac was expressed in
abundance in the superficial masseter and temporalis muscles
of all eight individuals and hybrid fibers were common.
CONCLUSIONS: The identification of MyHC α-cardiac in the
jaw adductors of sooty mangabeys is a novel finding for
nonhuman primates. The abundance of MyHC α-cardiac
indicates a fatigue-resistant fiber population characterized
by intermediate speed of contraction between pure MyHC-1 and
MyHC-2 isoforms. We suggest that α-cardiac fibers may be
advantageous to sooty mangabeys, whose feeding behavior
includes frequent crushing of relatively large, hard seeds
during the power stroke of ingestion. Additional studies
comparing jaw-adductor fiber phenotype of hard-object
feeding primates and other mammals are needed to explore
this relationship further.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.01.019},
Key = {fds337013}
}
@article{fds331563,
Author = {Huq, E and Taylor, AB and Su, Z and Wall, CE},
Title = {Fiber type composition of epaxial muscles is geared toward
facilitating rapid spinal extension in the leaper Galago
senegalensis.},
Journal = {Am J Phys Anthropol},
Volume = {166},
Number = {1},
Pages = {95-106},
Year = {2018},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23405},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that the vertical leaper Galago
senegalensis will have epaxial extensor muscles with a fast
fiber phenotype to facilitate rapid spinal extension during
leaping in comparison to the slow-moving quadruped
Nycticebus coucang. To test this, we determined the
percentage of fiber cross-sectional area (%CSA) devoted to
Type 2 fibers in epaxial muscles of G. senegalensis compared
to those of N. coucang. MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Immunohistochemistry was used to identify Type 1, Type 2,
and hybrid fibers in iliocostalis, longissimus, and
multifidus muscles of G. senegalensis (n = 3) and N.
coucang (n = 3). Serial muscle sections were used to
estimate and compare proportions, cross-sectional areas
(CSAs), and %CSAs of Type 1, Type 2, and hybrid fibers
between species. RESULTS: Epaxial muscles of G. senegalensis
were comprised predominantly of Type 2 fibers with large
CSAs (%CSA range ≈ 83-94%; range of mean
CSA = 1,218-1,586 μm2 ). N. coucang epaxial muscles
were comprised predominantly Type 1 fibers with large CSAs
(%CSA range ≈ 69-77%; range of mean CSA = 983-1,220
μm2 ). DISCUSSION: The predominance of Type 2 fibers in G.
senegalensis epaxial muscles facilitates rapid muscle
excursion and spinal extension during leaping, and is
consistent with their relatively long muscle fibers. The
predominance of Type 1 fibers in N. coucang epaxial muscles
may aid in maintaining stable postures during bridging and
cantilevering behaviors characteristic of slow-climbing.
These histochemical characteristics highlight the major
divergent locomotor repertoires of G. senegalensis and N.
coucang.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23405},
Key = {fds331563}
}
@article{fds362851,
Author = {Wall, CE},
Title = {The power stroke and the power curve},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {293-293},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds362851}
}
@article{fds362852,
Author = {Toler, MC and Wall, CE},
Title = {The aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) uses post-cranial
musculature to modify bite forces during gnawing
behavior},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {275-275},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds362852}
}
@article{fds362853,
Author = {Laird, MF and Granatosky, MC and Wall, CE and Taylor, AB and Ross,
CF},
Title = {Quantifying energy costs in the primate feeding
system},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {151-151},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds362853}
}
@article{fds362854,
Author = {Granatosky, MC and Laird, MF and Hanna, JB and Stilson, KT and Schultz,
JA and Wall, CE and Ross, CF},
Title = {Stride Variability Underlies Gait Transitions in
Tetrapods},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {58},
Pages = {E80-E80},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2018},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds362854}
}
@article{fds362855,
Author = {Fabre, A-C and Peckre, L and Eveno, A and Bardo, A and Wall, CE and Brewer,
D and Ehmke, E and Welser, K and Pouydebat, E},
Title = {Coevolution between Grasping Ability and Forelimb Shape in
Strepsirrhines and Platyrrhines},
Journal = {FOLIA PRIMATOLOGICA},
Volume = {88},
Number = {2},
Pages = {141-141},
Year = {2017},
Month = {September},
Key = {fds362855}
}
@article{fds362856,
Author = {Fabre, A-C and Dumont, M and Wall, CE and Dumont, E and Godfrey, L and Herrel, A},
Title = {Geometric Morphometric Approaches to Infer Bite Force and
Diet in Extinct Strepsirrhines},
Journal = {FOLIA PRIMATOLOGICA},
Volume = {88},
Number = {2},
Pages = {156-156},
Year = {2017},
Month = {September},
Key = {fds362856}
}
@article{fds362857,
Author = {Fabre, AC and Dumont, M and Wall, CE and Brewer, D and Ehmke, E and Welser,
K and Dumont, E and Godfrey, L and Herrel, A},
Title = {Geometric morphometric approaches to inferring bite force
and diet in extinct strepsirrhines},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {57},
Pages = {E256-E256},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2017},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds362857}
}
@article{fds362859,
Author = {Fabre, A-C and Peckre, L and Eveno, A and Bardo, A and Wall, CE and Brewer,
D and Ehmke, E and Welser, K and Pouydebat, E},
Title = {Coevolution between Grasping Ability and Forelimb Shape in
Strepsirrhines and Platyrrhines},
Journal = {FOLIA PRIMATOLOGICA},
Volume = {88},
Number = {2},
Pages = {141-141},
Publisher = {KARGER},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362859}
}
@article{fds362858,
Author = {Fabre, A-C and Dumont, M and Wall, CE and Dumont, E and Godfrey, L and Herrel, A},
Title = {Geometric Morphometric Approaches to Infer Bite Force and
Diet in Extinct Strepsirrhines},
Journal = {FOLIA PRIMATOLOGICA},
Volume = {88},
Number = {2},
Pages = {156-156},
Publisher = {KARGER},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362858}
}
@article{fds323222,
Author = {Ying, R and Wall, CE},
Title = {A method for discrimination of noise and EMG signal regions
recorded during rhythmic behaviors.},
Journal = {Journal of biomechanics},
Volume = {49},
Number = {16},
Pages = {4113-4118},
Year = {2016},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.10.010},
Abstract = {Analyses of muscular activity during rhythmic behaviors
provide critical data for biomechanical studies. Electrical
potentials measured from muscles using electromyography
(EMG) require discrimination of noise regions as the first
step in analysis. An experienced analyst can accurately
identify the onset and offset of EMG but this process takes
hours to analyze a short (10-15s) record of rhythmic EMG
bursts. Existing computational techniques reduce this time
but have limitations. These include a universal threshold
for delimiting noise regions (i.e., a single signal value
for identifying the EMG signal onset and offset),
pre-processing using wide time intervals that dampen
sensitivity for EMG signal characteristics, poor performance
when a low frequency component (e.g., DC offset) is present,
and high computational complexity leading to lack of time
efficiency. We present a new statistical method and MATLAB
script (EMG-Extractor) that includes an adaptive algorithm
to discriminate noise regions from EMG that avoids these
limitations and allows for multi-channel datasets to be
processed. We evaluate the EMG-Extractor with EMG data on
mammalian jaw-adductor muscles during mastication, a
rhythmic behavior typified by low amplitude onsets/offsets
and complex signal pattern. The EMG-Extractor consistently
and accurately distinguishes noise from EMG in a manner
similar to that of an experienced analyst. It outputs the
raw EMG signal region in a form ready for further
analysis.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.10.010},
Key = {fds323222}
}
@article{fds323223,
Author = {Peckre, L and Fabre, A-C and Wall, CE and Brewer, D and Ehmke, E and Haring, D and Shaw, E and Welser, K and Pouydebat,
E},
Title = {Holding-on: co-evolution between infant carrying and
grasping behaviour in strepsirrhines.},
Journal = {Scientific reports},
Volume = {6},
Pages = {37729},
Year = {2016},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep37729},
Abstract = {The origin and evolution of manual grasping remain poorly
understood. The ability to cling requires important grasping
abilities and is essential to survive in species where the
young are carried in the fur. A previous study has suggested
that this behaviour could be a pre-adaptation for the
evolution of fine manipulative skills. In this study we
tested the co-evolution between infant carrying in the fur
and manual grasping abilities in the context of food
manipulation. As strepsirrhines vary in the way infants are
carried (mouth vs. fur), they are an excellent model to test
this hypothesis. Data on food manipulation behaviour were
collected for 21 species of strepsirrhines. Our results show
that fur-carrying species exhibited significantly more
frequent manual grasping of food items. This study clearly
illustrates the potential novel insights that a behaviour
(infant carrying) that has previously been largely ignored
in the discussion of the evolution of primate manipulation
can bring.},
Doi = {10.1038/srep37729},
Key = {fds323223}
}
@article{fds323224,
Author = {Dumont, M and Wall, CE and Botton-Divet, L and Goswami, A and Peigné,
S and Fabre, AC},
Title = {Do functional demands associated with locomotor habitat,
diet, and activity pattern drive skull shape evolution in
musteloid carnivorans?},
Journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society},
Volume = {117},
Number = {4},
Pages = {858-878},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2016},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bij.12719},
Abstract = {A major goal of evolutionary studies is to better understand
how complex morphologies are related to the different
functions and behaviours in which they are involved. For
example, during locomotion and hunting behaviour, the head
and the eyes have to stay at an appropriate level in order
to reliably judge distance as well as to provide postural
information. The morphology and orientation of the orbits
and cranial base will have an impact on eye orientation.
Consequently, variation in orbital and cranial base
morphology is expected to be correlated with aspects of an
animal's lifestyle. In this study, we investigate whether
the shape of the skull evolves in response to the functional
demands imposed by ecology and behaviour using geometric
morphometric methods. We test if locomotor habitats, diet,
and activity pattern influence the shape of the skull in
musteloid carnivorans using (M)ANOVAs and phylogenetic
(M)ANOVAs, and explore the functional correlates of
morphological features in relation to locomotor habitats,
diet, and activity pattern. Our results show that phylogeny,
locomotion and, diet strongly influence the shape of the
skull, whereas the activity pattern seems to have a weakest
influence. We also show that the locomotor environment is
highly integrated with foraging and feeding, which can lead
to similar selective pressures and drive the evolution of
skull shape in the same direction. Finally, we show similar
responses to functional demands in musteloids, a super
family of close related species, as are typically observed
across all mammals suggesting the pervasiveness of these
functional demands.},
Doi = {10.1111/bij.12719},
Key = {fds323224}
}
@article{fds362862,
Author = {Taylor, AB and Toler, M and Wall, CE},
Title = {Fiber phenotype of the jaw adductors in the hard-object
feeding sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {311-311},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds362862}
}
@article{fds362863,
Author = {Fabre, A-C and Peckre, L and Brewer, D and Ehmke, E and Wesler, K and Pouydebat, E and Wall, CE},
Title = {Influence of grasping ability on forelimb long bone shape in
Prosimians},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {56},
Pages = {E62-E62},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds362863}
}
@article{fds362861,
Author = {Chalk, J and Vogel, ER and Wall, CE and Izar, P and Emery-Thompson,
M},
Title = {Quantifying urinary C-peptide levels in wild tufted
capuchins: a validation of filter paper storage
methods},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {112-112},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds362861}
}
@article{fds362860,
Author = {Hanna, JB and Wall, CE},
Title = {Energetic costs of eating raw foods in humans},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {168-168},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds362860}
}
@article{fds322462,
Author = {Druzinsky, RE and Balhoff, JP and Crompton, AW and Done, J and German,
RZ and Haendel, MA and Herrel, A and Herring, SW and Lapp, H and Mabee, PM and Muller, H-M and Mungall, CJ and Sternberg, PW and Van Auken and K and Vinyard, CJ and Williams, SH and Wall, CE},
Title = {Muscle Logic: New Knowledge Resource for Anatomy Enables
Comprehensive Searches of the Literature on the Feeding
Muscles of Mammals.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {11},
Number = {2},
Pages = {e0149102},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149102},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>In recent years large bibliographic
databases have made much of the published literature of
biology available for searches. However, the capabilities of
the search engines integrated into these databases for
text-based bibliographic searches are limited. To enable
searches that deliver the results expected by comparative
anatomists, an underlying logical structure known as an
ontology is required.<h4>Development and testing of the
ontology</h4>Here we present the Mammalian Feeding Muscle
Ontology (MFMO), a multi-species ontology focused on
anatomical structures that participate in feeding and other
oral/pharyngeal behaviors. A unique feature of the MFMO is
that a simple, computable, definition of each muscle, which
includes its attachments and innervation, is true across
mammals. This construction mirrors the logical foundation of
comparative anatomy and permits searches using language
familiar to biologists. Further, it provides a template for
muscles that will be useful in extending any anatomy
ontology. The MFMO is developed to support the Feeding
Experiments End-User Database Project (FEED,
https://feedexp.org/), a publicly-available, online
repository for physiological data collected from in vivo
studies of feeding (e.g., mastication, biting, swallowing)
in mammals. Currently the MFMO is integrated into FEED and
also into two literature-specific implementations of
Textpresso, a text-mining system that facilitates powerful
searches of a corpus of scientific publications. We evaluate
the MFMO by asking questions that test the ability of the
ontology to return appropriate answers (competency
questions). We compare the results of queries of the MFMO to
results from similar searches in PubMed and Google
Scholar.<h4>Results and significance</h4>Our tests
demonstrate that the MFMO is competent to answer queries
formed in the common language of comparative anatomy, but
PubMed and Google Scholar are not. Overall, our results show
that by incorporating anatomical ontologies into searches,
an expanded and anatomically comprehensive set of results
can be obtained. The broader scientific and publishing
communities should consider taking up the challenge of
semantically enabled search capabilities.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0149102},
Key = {fds322462}
}
@article{fds241349,
Author = {Huq, E and Wall, CE and Taylor, AB},
Title = {Epaxial muscle fiber architecture favors enhanced excursion
and power in the leaper Galago senegalensis.},
Journal = {J Anat},
Volume = {227},
Number = {4},
Pages = {524-540},
Year = {2015},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0021-8782},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joa.12351},
Abstract = {Galago senegalensis is a habitual arboreal leaper that
engages in rapid spinal extension during push-off. Large
muscle excursions and high contraction velocities are
important components of leaping, and experimental studies
indicate that during leaping by G. senegalensis, peak power
is facilitated by elastic storage of energy. To date,
however, little is known about the functional relationship
between epaxial muscle fiber architecture and locomotion in
leaping primates. Here, fiber architecture of select epaxial
muscles is compared between G. senegalensis (n = 4) and the
slow arboreal quadruped, Nycticebus coucang (n = 4). The
hypothesis is tested that G. senegalensis exhibits
architectural features of the epaxial muscles that
facilitate rapid and powerful spinal extension during the
take-off phase of leaping. As predicted, G. senegalensis
epaxial muscles have relatively longer, less pinnate fibers
and higher ratios of tendon length-to-fiber length,
indicating the capacity for generating relatively larger
muscle excursions, higher whole-muscle contraction
velocities, and a greater capacity for elastic energy
storage. Thus, the relatively longer fibers and higher
tendon length-to-fiber length ratios can be functionally
linked to leaping performance in G. senegalensis. It is
further predicted that G. senegalensis epaxial muscles have
relatively smaller physiological cross-sectional areas
(PCSAs) as a consequence of an architectural trade-off
between fiber length (excursion) and PCSA (force). Contrary
to this prediction, there are no species differences in
relative PCSAs, but the smaller-bodied G. senegalensis
trends towards relatively larger epaxial muscle mass. These
findings suggest that relative increase in muscle mass in G.
senegalensis is largely attributable to longer fibers. The
relative increase in erector spinae muscle mass may
facilitate sagittal flexibility during leaping. The
similarity between species in relative PCSAs provides
empirical support for previous work linking osteological
features of the vertebral column in lorisids with axial
stability and reduced muscular effort associated with slow,
deliberate movements during anti-pronograde
locomotion.},
Doi = {10.1111/joa.12351},
Key = {fds241349}
}
@article{fds303351,
Author = {Dumont, M and Wall, CE and Goswami, A and Peigné, S and Fabre,
AC},
Title = {Do constraints associated with locomotor habitat, diet, and
activity pattern drive skull shape evolution in musteloid
carnivorans?},
Journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society},
Year = {2015},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds303351}
}
@article{fds303352,
Author = {Druzinsky, RED and Lapp, H and Crompton, AW and Herrel, A and Herring,
SW and Mungall, C and Mabee, P and German, RZ and Vunyard, CJ and Williams,
SH and Wall, CE},
Title = {The Mammalian Feeding Muscle Ontology: an anatomy ontology
for oral/pharyngeal structures},
Journal = {PloS one},
Publisher = {Public Library of Science},
Year = {2015},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1932-6203},
Key = {fds303352}
}
@article{fds303353,
Author = {Wall, CE and Perry, JMG},
Title = {Testing the frequent recruitment hypothesis: Sexual
dimorphism, fiber architecture, and frequent type in the
jaw-adductor muscles of Papio anubis},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Publisher = {Wiley: 12 months},
Year = {2015},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1096-8644},
Key = {fds303353}
}
@article{fds362864,
Author = {Le, KN and Wall, CE},
Title = {Signals related to the advent of walking reflected in the
growth allometry of long bone cross-sectional dimensions for
a sample of Central Californian Amerindian
children},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {156},
Pages = {199-199},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds362864}
}
@article{fds241359,
Author = {Deans, AR and Lewis, SE and Huala, E and Anzaldo, SS and Ashburner, M and Balhoff, JP and Blackburn, DC and Blake, JA and Burleigh, JG and Chanet,
B and Cooper, LD and Courtot, M and Csösz, S and Cui, H and Dahdul, W and Das, S and Dececchi, TA and Dettai, A and Diogo, R and Druzinsky, RE and Dumontier, M and Franz, NM and Friedrich, F and Gkoutos, GV and Haendel,
M and Harmon, LJ and Hayamizu, TF and He, Y and Hines, HM and Ibrahim, N and Jackson, LM and Jaiswal, P and James-Zorn, C and Köhler, S and Lecointre, G and Lapp, H and Lawrence, CJ and Le Novère and N and Lundberg, JG and Macklin, J and Mast, AR and Midford, PE and Mikó, I and Mungall, CJ and Oellrich, A and Osumi-Sutherland, D and Parkinson, H and Ramírez, MJ and Richter, S and Robinson, PN and Ruttenberg, A and Schulz, KS and Segerdell, E and Seltmann, KC and Sharkey, MJ and Smith,
AD and Smith, B and Specht, CD and Squires, RB and Thacker, RW and Thessen,
A and Fernandez-Triana, J and Vihinen, M and Vize, PD and Vogt, L and Wall,
CE and Walls, RL and Westerfeld, M and Wharton, RA and Wirkner, CS and Woolley, JB and Yoder, MJ and Zorn, AM and Mabee,
P},
Title = {Finding our way through phenotypes.},
Journal = {PLoS biology},
Volume = {13},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e1002033},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1544-9173},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10187 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Despite a large and multifaceted effort to understand the
vast landscape of phenotypic data, their current form
inhibits productive data analysis. The lack of a
community-wide, consensus-based, human- and
machine-interpretable language for describing phenotypes and
their genomic and environmental contexts is perhaps the most
pressing scientific bottleneck to integration across many
key fields in biology, including genomics, systems biology,
development, medicine, evolution, ecology, and systematics.
Here we survey the current phenomics landscape, including
data resources and handling, and the progress that has been
made to accurately capture relevant data descriptions for
phenotypes. We present an example of the kind of integration
across domains that computable phenotypes would enable, and
we call upon the broader biology community, publishers, and
relevant funding agencies to support efforts to surmount
today's data barriers and facilitate analytical
reproducibility.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.1002033},
Key = {fds241359}
}
@article{fds241360,
Author = {Horvath, JE and Ramachandran, GL and Fedrigo, O and Nielsen, WJ and Babbitt, CC and St Clair and EM and Pfefferle, LW and Jernvall, J and Wray,
GA and Wall, CE},
Title = {Genetic comparisons yield insight into the evolution of
enamel thickness during human evolution.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {73},
Pages = {75-87},
Year = {2014},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.01.005},
Abstract = {Enamel thickness varies substantially among extant hominoids
and is a key trait with significance for interpreting
dietary adaptation, life history trajectory, and
phylogenetic relationships. There is a strong link in humans
between enamel formation and mutations in the exons of the
four genes that code for the enamel matrix proteins and the
associated protease. The evolution of thick enamel in humans
may have included changes in the regulation of these genes
during tooth development. The cis-regulatory region in the
5' flank (upstream non-coding region) of MMP20, which codes
for enamelysin, the predominant protease active during
enamel secretion, has previously been shown to be under
strong positive selection in the lineages leading to both
humans and chimpanzees. Here we examine evidence for
positive selection in the 5' flank and 3' flank of AMELX,
AMBN, ENAM, and MMP20. We contrast the human sequence
changes with other hominoids (chimpanzees, gorillas,
orangutans, gibbons) and rhesus macaques (outgroup), a
sample comprising a range of enamel thickness. We find no
evidence for positive selection in the protein-coding
regions of any of these genes. In contrast, we find strong
evidence for positive selection in the 5' flank region of
MMP20 and ENAM along the lineage leading to humans, and in
both the 5' flank and 3' flank regions of MMP20 along the
lineage leading to chimpanzees. We also identify putative
transcription factor binding sites overlapping some of the
species-specific nucleotide sites and we refine which
sections of the up- and downstream putative regulatory
regions are most likely to harbor important changes. These
non-coding changes and their potential for differential
regulation by transcription factors known to regulate tooth
development may offer insight into the mechanisms that allow
for rapid evolutionary changes in enamel thickness across
closely-related species, and contribute to our understanding
of the enamel phenotype in hominoids.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.01.005},
Key = {fds241360}
}
@article{fds241379,
Author = {Wall, CE and Briggs, MM and Huq, E and Hylander, WL and Schachat,
F},
Title = {Regional variation in IIM myosin heavy chain expression in
the temporalis muscle of female and male baboons (Papio
anubis).},
Journal = {Archives of oral biology},
Volume = {58},
Number = {4},
Pages = {435-443},
Year = {2013},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23102552},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>The purpose of this study was to determine
whether high amounts of fast/type II myosin heavy chain
(MyHC) in the superficial as compared to the deep temporalis
muscle of adult female and male baboons (Papio anubis)
correlates with published data on muscle function during
chewing. Electromyographic (EMG) data show a regional
specialization in activation from low to high amplitude
activity during hard/tough object chewing cycles in the
baboon superficial temporalis.(48,49) A positive correlation
between fast/type II MyHC amount and EMG activity will
support the high occlusal force hypothesis.<h4>Design</h4>Deep
anterior temporalis (DAT), superficial anterior temporalis
(SAT), and superficial posterior temporalis (SPT) muscle
samples were analyzed using SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis to
test the prediction that SAT and SPT will show high amounts
of fast/type II MyHC compared to DAT. Serial muscle sections
were incubated against NOQ7.5.4D and MY32 antibodies to
determine the breadth of slow/type I versus fast/type II
expression within each section.<h4>Results</h4>Type I and
type IIM MyHCs comprise nearly 100% of the MyHCs in the
temporalis muscle. IIM MyHC was the overwhelmingly
predominant fast MyHC, though there was a small amount of
type IIA MyHC (≤5%) in DAT in two individuals. SAT and SPT
exhibited a fast/type II phenotype and contained large
amounts of IIM MyHC whereas DAT exhibited a type I/type II
(hybrid) phenotype and contained a significantly greater
proportion of MyHC-I. MyHC-I expression in DAT was sexually
dimorphic as it was more abundant in females.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The
link between the distribution of IIM MyHC and high relative
EMG amplitudes in SAT and SPT during hard/tough object
chewing cycles is evidence of regional specialization in
fibre type to generate high occlusal forces during chewing.
The high proportion of MyHC-I in DAT of females may be
related to a high frequency of individual fibre recruitment
in comparison to males.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.09.008},
Key = {fds241379}
}
@article{fds241363,
Author = {Kivell, TL and Guimont, I and Wall, CE},
Title = {Sex-related shape dimorphism in the human radiocarpal and
midcarpal joints.},
Journal = {Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)},
Volume = {296},
Number = {1},
Pages = {19-30},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1932-8486},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000314656300003&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Previous research has revealed significant size differences
between human male and female carpal bones but it is unknown
if there are significant shape differences as well. This
study investigated sex-related shape variation and
allometric patterns in five carpal bones that make up the
radiocarpal and midcarpal joints in modern humans. We found
that many aspects of carpal shape (76% of all variables
quantified) were similar between males and females, despite
variation in size. However, 10 of the shape ratios were
significantly different between males and females, with at
least one significant shape difference observed in each
carpal bone. Within-sex standard major axis regressions
(SMA) of the numerator (i.e., the linear variables) on the
denominator (i.e., the geometric mean) for each
significantly different shape ratio indicated that most
linear variables scaled with positive allometry in both
males and females, and that for eight of the shape ratios,
sex-related shape variation is associated with statistically
similar sex-specific scaling relationships. Only the length
of the scaphoid body and the height of the lunate triquetrum
facet showed a significantly higher SMA slope in females
compared with males. These findings indicate that the
significant differences in the majority of the shape ratios
are a function of subtle (i.e., not statistically
significant) scaling differences between males and females.
There are a number of potential developmental, functional,
and evolutionary factors that may cause sex-related shape
differences in the human carpus. The results highlight the
potential for subtle differences in scaling to result in
functionally significant differences in shape.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.22609},
Key = {fds241363}
}
@article{fds362865,
Author = {Wall, CE and Hanna, J and O'Neill, MC},
Title = {Comparison of the metabolic costs of feeding in a range of
food types in small-bodied primates},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {150},
Pages = {282-282},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362865}
}
@article{fds362866,
Author = {Toler, MC and Wall, CE},
Title = {Mandibular kinetics of gnawing in the aye-aye (Daubentonia
madagascariensis) and biomechanical modeling of anterior
tooth use.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {150},
Pages = {272-272},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362866}
}
@article{fds222149,
Author = {Horvath J and Ramachandran GL and Fedrigo O and Babbitt CC and Jernvall
J, Wray GA and Wall CE},
Title = {Non-coding sequence changes in enamel genes allow for rapid
enamel thickness trait changes across primates},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds222149}
}
@article{fds214374,
Author = {Huq E and Taylor AB and Wall CE},
Title = {Fiber type composition of spinal extensors is geared toward
facilitating rapid spinal extension in the leaper, Galago
senegalensis},
Journal = {Am. J. Physical Anthropology},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds214374}
}
@article{fds222157,
Author = {M. Toler and C. Wall},
Title = {ENERGETIC COSTS OF FEEDING BEHAVIORS IN THE AYE-AYE,
Daubentonia madagascariensis},
Journal = {Journal of Anatomy},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds222157}
}
@article{fds362867,
Author = {Macias, ME and Wall, CE and Churchill, SE},
Title = {Size and shape in the primate forelimb.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {147},
Pages = {198-199},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362867}
}
@article{fds362868,
Author = {Horvath, JE and Wu, C and Toler, M and Fedrigo, O and Pfefferle, LW and Moore, A and Ramachandran, GL and Babbitt, CC and Jernvall, J and Wray,
GA and Wall, CE},
Title = {Enamel thickness in Microcebus murinus and Macaca mulana and
the evolutionary genetics of enamel matrix proteins in
hominoids.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {147},
Pages = {168-168},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362868}
}
@article{fds214334,
Author = {C.E. Wall and M. Briggs and E. Huq and W.L. Hylander and F.
Schachat},
Title = {Regional variation in myosin heavy chain composition in the
temporalis muscle of female and male baboons (Papio
anubis)},
Journal = {Archives of Oral Biology},
Year = {2012},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.09.008},
Doi = {10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.09.008},
Key = {fds214334}
}
@article{fds214340,
Author = {Kivell TL and Guimont I and Wall CE},
Title = {Sexual shape dimorphism in the human midcarpal
joint},
Journal = {Anatomical Record},
Year = {2012},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.22609},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.22609},
Key = {fds214340}
}
@article{fds214371,
Author = {Horvath JE and Wu C and Toler M and Fedrigo O and Pfefferle LW and Moore A and Ramachandran GL and Babbitt CC and Jernvall J and Wray GA and Wall
CE},
Title = {Enamel thickness in Microcebus murinus and Macaca mulatta
and the evolutionary genetics of enamel matrix proteins in
hominoids. Poster presentation, AAPA Annual Meeting,
Portland OR},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds214371}
}
@article{fds241374,
Author = {Vinyard, CJ and Williams, SH and Wall, CE and Doherty, AH and Crompton,
AW and Hylander, WL},
Title = {A preliminary analysis of correlations between chewing motor
patterns and mandibular morphology across
mammals.},
Journal = {Integrative and comparative biology},
Volume = {51},
Number = {2},
Pages = {260-270},
Year = {2011},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21724618},
Abstract = {The establishment of a publicly-accessible repository of
physiological data on feeding in mammals, the Feeding
Experiments End-user Database (FEED), along with
improvements in reconstruction of mammalian phylogeny,
significantly improves our ability to address long-standing
questions about the evolution of mammalian feeding. In this
study, we use comparative phylogenetic methods to examine
correlations between jaw robusticity and both the relative
recruitment and the relative time of peak activity for the
superficial masseter, deep masseter, and temporalis muscles
across 19 mammalian species from six orders. We find little
evidence for a relationship between jaw robusticity and
electromyographic (EMG) activity for either the superficial
masseter or temporalis muscles across mammals. We
hypothesize that future analyses may identify significant
associations between these physiological and morphological
variables within subgroups of mammals that share similar
diets, feeding behaviors, and/or phylogenetic histories.
Alternatively, the relative peak recruitment and timing of
the balancing-side (i.e., non-chewing-side) deep masseter
muscle (BDM) is significantly negatively correlated with the
relative area of the mandibular symphysis across our
mammalian sample. This relationship exists despite BDM
activity being associated with different loading regimes in
the symphyses of primates compared to ungulates, suggesting
a basic association between magnitude of symphyseal loads
and symphyseal area among these mammals. Because our sample
primarily represents mammals that use significant transverse
movements during chewing, future research should address
whether the correlations between BDM activity and symphyseal
morphology characterize all mammals or should be restricted
to this "transverse chewing" group. Finally, the significant
correlations observed in this study suggest that
physiological parameters are an integrated and evolving
component of feeding across mammals.},
Doi = {10.1093/icb/icr066},
Key = {fds241374}
}
@article{fds241375,
Author = {Williams, SH and Vinyard, CJ and Wall, CE and Doherty, AH and Crompton,
AW and Hylander, WL},
Title = {A preliminary analysis of correlated evolution in Mammalian
chewing motor patterns.},
Journal = {Integrative and comparative biology},
Volume = {51},
Number = {2},
Pages = {247-259},
Year = {2011},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21719433},
Abstract = {Descriptive and quantitative analyses of electromyograms
(EMG) from the jaw adductors during feeding in mammals have
demonstrated both similarities and differences among species
in chewing motor patterns. These observations have led to a
number of hypotheses of the evolution of motor patterns, the
most comprehensive of which was proposed by Weijs in 1994.
Since then, new data have been collected and additional
hypotheses for the evolution of motor patterns have been
proposed. Here, we take advantage of these new data and a
well-resolved species-level phylogeny for mammals to test
for the correlated evolution of specific components of
mammalian chewing motor patterns. We focus on the evolution
of the coordination of working-side (WS) and balancing-side
(BS) jaw adductors (i.e., Weijs' Triplets I and II), the
evolution of WS and BS muscle recruitment levels, and the
evolution of asynchrony between pairs of muscles. We
converted existing chewing EMG data into binary traits to
incorporate as much data as possible and facilitate robust
phylogenetic analyses. We then tested hypotheses of
correlated evolution of these traits across our phylogeny
using a maximum likelihood method and the Bayesian Markov
Chain Monte Carlo method. Both sets of analyses yielded
similar results highlighting the evolutionary changes that
have occurred across mammals in chewing motor patterns. We
find support for the correlated evolution of (1) Triplets I
and II, (2) BS deep masseter asynchrony and Triplets I and
II, (3) a relative delay in the activity of the BS deep
masseter and a decrease in the ratio of WS to BS muscle
recruitment levels, and (4) a relative delay in the activity
of the BS deep masseter and a delay in the activity of the
BS posterior temporalis. In contrast, changes in relative WS
and BS activity levels across mammals are not correlated
with Triplets I and II. Results from this work can be
integrated with dietary and morphological data to better
understand how feeding and the masticatory apparatus have
evolved across mammals in the context of new masticatory
demands.},
Doi = {10.1093/icb/icr068},
Key = {fds241375}
}
@article{fds241376,
Author = {Hylander, WL and Vinyard, CJ and Wall, CE and Williams, SH and Johnson,
KR},
Title = {Functional and evolutionary significance of the recruitment
and firing patterns of the jaw adductors during chewing in
Verreaux's sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi).},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {145},
Number = {4},
Pages = {531-547},
Year = {2011},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21590749},
Abstract = {Jaw-muscle electromyographic (EMG) patterns indicate that
compared with thick-tailed galagos and ring-tailed lemurs,
anthropoids recruit more relative EMG from their
balancing-side deep masseter, and that this muscle peaks
late in the power stroke. These recruitment and firing
patterns in anthropoids are thought to cause the mandibular
symphysis to wishbone (lateral transverse bending),
resulting in relatively high symphyseal stresses. We test
the hypothesis that living strepsirrhines with robust,
partially fused symphyses have muscle recruitment and firing
patterns more similar to anthropoids, unlike those
strepsirrhines with highly mobile unfused symphyses.
Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the superficial and deep
masseter, anterior and posterior temporalis, and medial
pterygoid muscles were recorded in four dentally adult
Verreaux's sifakas (Propithecus verreauxi). As predicted, we
find that sifaka motor patterns are more similar to
anthropoids. For example, among sifakas, recruitment levels
of the balancing-side (b-s) deep masseter are high, and the
b-s deep masseter fires late during the power stroke. As
adult sifakas often exhibit nearly complete symphyseal
fusion, these data support the hypothesis that the evolution
of symphyseal fusion in primates is functionally linked to
wishboning. Furthermore, these data provide compelling
evidence for the convergent evolution of the wishboning
motor patterns in anthropoids and sifakas.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.21529},
Key = {fds241376}
}
@article{fds241378,
Author = {Wall, CE and Vinyard, CJ and Williams, SH and Gapeyev, V and Liu, X and Lapp, H and German, RZ},
Title = {Overview of FEED, the feeding experiments end-user
database.},
Journal = {Integrative and comparative biology},
Volume = {51},
Number = {2},
Pages = {215-223},
Year = {2011},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21700574},
Abstract = {The Feeding Experiments End-user Database (FEED) is a
research tool developed by the Mammalian Feeding Working
Group at the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center that
permits synthetic, evolutionary analyses of the physiology
of mammalian feeding. The tasks of the Working Group are to
compile physiologic data sets into a uniform digital format
stored at a central source, develop a standardized
terminology for describing and organizing the data, and
carry out a set of novel analyses using FEED. FEED contains
raw physiologic data linked to extensive metadata. It serves
as an archive for a large number of existing data sets and a
repository for future data sets. The metadata are stored as
text and images that describe experimental protocols,
research subjects, and anatomical information. The metadata
incorporate controlled vocabularies to allow consistent use
of the terms used to describe and organize the physiologic
data. The planned analyses address long-standing questions
concerning the phylogenetic distribution of phenotypes
involving muscle anatomy and feeding physiology among
mammals, the presence and nature of motor pattern
conservation in the mammalian feeding muscles, and the
extent to which suckling constrains the evolution of feeding
behavior in adult mammals. We expect FEED to be a growing
digital archive that will facilitate new research into
understanding the evolution of feeding anatomy.},
Doi = {10.1093/icb/icr047},
Key = {fds241378}
}
@article{fds241372,
Author = {Perry, JMG and Hartstone-Rose, A and Wall, CE},
Title = {The jaw adductors of strepsirrhines in relation to body
size, diet, and ingested food size.},
Journal = {Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)},
Volume = {294},
Number = {4},
Pages = {712-728},
Year = {2011},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1932-8486},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.21354},
Abstract = {Body size and food properties account for much of the
variation in the hard tissue morphology of the masticatory
system whereas their influence on the soft tissue anatomy
remains relatively understudied. Data on jaw adductor fiber
architecture and experimentally determined ingested food
size in a broad sample of 24 species of extant
strepsirrhines allows us to evaluate several hypotheses
about the influence of body size and diet on the masticatory
muscles. Jaw adductor mass scales isometrically with body
mass (β = 0.99, r = 0.95), skull size (β = 1.04, r =
0.97), and jaw length cubed (β = 1.02, r = 0.95). Fiber
length also scales isometrically with body mass (β = 0.28,
r = 0.85), skull size (β = 0.33, r = 0.84), and jaw length
cubed (β = 0.29, r = 0.88). Physiological cross-sectional
area (PCSA) scales with isometry or slight positive
allometry with body mass (β = 0.76, r = 0.92), skull size
(β = 0.78, r = 0.94), and jaw length cubed (β = 0.78, r =
0.91). Whereas PCSA is isometric to body size estimates in
frugivores, it is positively allometric in folivores.
Independent of body size, fiber length is correlated with
maximum ingested food size, suggesting that ingestive gape
is related to fiber excursion. Comparisons of temporalis,
masseter, and medial pterygoid PCSA in strepsirrhines of
different diets suggest that there may be functional
partitioning between these muscle groups.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.21354},
Key = {fds241372}
}
@article{fds241373,
Author = {Babbitt, CC and Warner, LR and Fedrigo, O and Wall, CE and Wray,
GA},
Title = {Genomic signatures of diet-related shifts during human
origins.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {278},
Number = {1708},
Pages = {961-969},
Year = {2011},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21177690},
Abstract = {There are numerous anthropological analyses concerning the
importance of diet during human evolution. Diet is thought
to have had a profound influence on the human phenotype, and
dietary differences have been hypothesized to contribute to
the dramatic morphological changes seen in modern humans as
compared with non-human primates. Here, we attempt to
integrate the results of new genomic studies within this
well-developed anthropological context. We then review the
current evidence for adaptation related to diet, both at the
level of sequence changes and gene expression. Finally, we
propose some ways in which new technologies can help
identify specific genomic adaptations that have resulted in
metabolic and morphological differences between humans and
non-human primates.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2010.2433},
Key = {fds241373}
}
@article{fds362869,
Author = {Wall, CE and Vinyard, CJ and Williams, SH and German, RZ and Gapeyev, V and Liu, X},
Title = {Introduction: Overview of the Feeding Experiments End-User
Database (FEED)},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {51},
Pages = {E145-E145},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2011},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds362869}
}
@article{fds241377,
Author = {Fedrigo, O and Pfefferle, AD and Babbitt, CC and Haygood, R and Wall,
CE and Wray, GA},
Title = {A potential role for glucose transporters in the evolution
of human brain size.},
Journal = {Brain, behavior and evolution},
Volume = {78},
Number = {4},
Pages = {315-326},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21986508},
Abstract = {Differences in cognitive abilities and the relatively large
brain are among the most striking differences between humans
and their closest primate relatives. The energy trade-off
hypothesis predicts that a major shift in energy allocation
among tissues occurred during human origins in order to
support the remarkable expansion of a metabolically
expensive brain. However, the molecular basis of this
adaptive scenario is unknown. Two glucose transporters
(SLC2A1 and SLC2A4) are promising candidates and present
intriguing mutations in humans, resulting, respectively, in
microcephaly and disruptions in whole-body glucose
homeostasis. We compared SLC2A1 and SLC2A4 expression
between humans, chimpanzees and macaques, and found
compensatory and biologically significant expression changes
on the human lineage within cerebral cortex and skeletal
muscle, consistent with mediating an energy trade-off. We
also show that these two genes are likely to have undergone
adaptation and participated in the development and
maintenance of a larger brain in the human lineage by
modulating brain and skeletal muscle energy allocation. We
found that these two genes show human-specific signatures of
positive selection on known regulatory elements within their
5'-untranslated region, suggesting an adaptation of their
regulation during human origins. This study represents the
first case where adaptive, functional and genetic lines of
evidence implicate specific genes in the evolution of human
brain size.},
Doi = {10.1159/000329852},
Key = {fds241377}
}
@article{fds362870,
Author = {Huq, E and Wall, CE and Taylor, AB},
Title = {A preliminary comparison of spinal extensor-muscle fiber
architecture in Galago senegalensis and Nycticebus
coucang},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {144},
Pages = {172-172},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362870}
}
@article{fds362871,
Author = {Doyle, SK and Wall, CE and Schmitt, D},
Title = {The interplay between mobility, body size and prey capture
in living and extinct Canis},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {144},
Pages = {127-128},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362871}
}
@article{fds214342,
Author = {Wall CE and Vinyard CJ and Williams SH and Gapeyev V and Liu X and Lapp H and German RZ},
Title = {Overview of the feeding experiments end-user database
(FEED)},
Journal = {Integrative and Comparative Biology},
Volume = {51},
Number = {2},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds214342}
}
@article{fds241356,
Author = {Vinyard, CJ and Doherty, AH and Wall, CE and Williams, SH and Ross, CF and Herring, SW and Crompton, AW},
Title = {Patterns of functional integration in the mammalian
masticatory apparatus},
Journal = {Integrative and Comparative Biology},
Volume = {51},
Number = {2},
Pages = {260-272},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {0003-1569},
Key = {fds241356}
}
@article{fds241357,
Author = {Williams, SH and Vinyard, CJ and Wall, CE and Crompton, AW and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Patterns of jaw-muscle recruitment evolution in
mammals},
Journal = {Integrative and Comparative Biology},
Volume = {51},
Number = {2},
Pages = {247-259},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {0003-1569},
Key = {fds241357}
}
@article{fds241358,
Author = {Fedrigo, O and Pfefferele, AD and Babbitt, CC and Haygood, R and Wall,
CE and Wray, GA},
Title = {Molecular evidence that a metabolic trade-off contributed to
human brain size evolution},
Journal = {Brain, Behavior, and Evolution},
Volume = {78},
Pages = {315-326},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000329852},
Doi = {10.1159/000329852},
Key = {fds241358}
}
@article{fds362872,
Author = {Wall, CE and Gapeyev, V and German, RZ and Liu, X and Vinyard, CJ and Williams, SH},
Title = {The Feeding Experiments End-user Database
(FEED)},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {50},
Pages = {E309-E309},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2010},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds362872}
}
@article{fds362873,
Author = {Wall, CE and O'Neill, MC and Hanna, JB},
Title = {Energetic costs of feeding in primates: Methods and
preliminary data.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {238-238},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362873}
}
@article{fds362874,
Author = {Williams, SH and Gapayev, V and Liu, X and German, RZ and Vinyard, CJ and Wall, CE},
Title = {The feeding experiments end-user database
(FEED).},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {245-245},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362874}
}
@article{fds214347,
Author = {Babbitt CC and Fedrigo O and Warner LR and Wall CE and Wray
GA},
Title = {Genomic signatures of diet-related shifts in primate
evolution},
Journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B},
Volume = {278},
Pages = {961},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds214347}
}
@article{fds241371,
Author = {MacLean, EL and Barrickman, NL and Johnson, EM and Wall,
C},
Title = {Sociality, Ecology, and Relative Brain Size in
Lemurs.},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {56},
Number = {5},
Pages = {471-478},
Year = {2010},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19410273},
Abstract = {The social brain hypothesis proposes that haplorhine
primates have evolved relatively large brains for their body
size primarily as an adaptation for living in complex social
groups. Studies that support this hypothesis have shown a
strong relationship between relative brain size and group
size in these taxa. Recent reports suggest that this pattern
is unique to haplorhine primates; many nonprimate taxa do
not show a relationship between group size and relative
brain size. Rather, pairbonded social monogamy appears to be
a better predictor of a large relative brain size in many
nonprimate taxa. It has been suggested that haplorhine
primates may have expanded the pairbonded relationship
beyond simple dyads towards the evolution of complex social
groups. We examined the relationship between group size,
pairbonding, and relative brain size in a sample of 19
lemurs; strepsirrhine primates that last share a common
ancestor with monkeys and apes approximately 75 Ma. First,
we evaluated the social brain hypothesis, which predicts
that species with larger social groups will have relatively
larger brains. Secondly, we tested the pairbonded
hypothesis, which predicts that species with a pairbonded
social organization will have relatively larger brains than
non-pairbonded species. We found no relationship between
group size or pairbonding and relative brain size in lemurs.
We conducted two further analyses to test for possible
relationships between two nonsocial variables, activity
pattern and diet, and relative brain size. Both diet and
activity pattern are significantly associated with relative
brain size in our sample. Specifically, frugivorous species
have relatively larger brains than folivorous species, and
cathemeral species have relatively larger brains than
diurnal, but not nocturnal species. These findings highlight
meaningful differences between Malagasy strepsirrhines and
haplorhines, and between Malagasy strepsirrhines and
nonprimate taxa, regarding the social and ecological factors
associated with increases in relative brain size. The
results suggest that factors such as foraging complexity and
flexibility of activity patterns may have driven selection
for increases in brain size in lemurs.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.12.005},
Key = {fds241371}
}
@article{fds241369,
Author = {Williams, SH and Vinyard, CJ and Wall, CE and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Mandibular corpus bone strain in goats and alpacas:
implications for understanding the biomechanics of
mandibular form in selenodont artiodactyls.},
Journal = {Journal of anatomy},
Volume = {214},
Number = {1},
Pages = {65-78},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1469-7580},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19166474},
Abstract = {The goal of this study is to clarify the functional and
biomechanical relationship between jaw morphology and in
vivo masticatory loading in selenodont artiodactyls. We
compare in vivo strains from the mandibular corpus of goats
and alpacas to predicted strain patterns derived from
biomechanical models for mandibular corpus loading during
mastication. Peak shear strains in both species average
600-700 microepsilon on the working side and approximately
450 microepsilon on the balancing side. Maximum principal
tension in goats and alpacas is directed at approximately 30
degrees dorsocaudally relative to the long axis of the
corpus on the working side and approximately perpendicular
to the long axis on the balancing side. Strain patterns in
both species indicate primarily torsion of the working-side
corpus about the long axis and parasagittal bending and/or
lateral transverse bending of the balancing-side corpus.
Interpretation of the strain patterns is consistent with
comparative biomechanical analyses of jaw morphology
suggesting that in goats, the balancing-side mandibular
corpus is parasagittally bent whereas in alpacas it
experiences lateral transverse bending. However, in light of
higher working-side corpus strains, biomechanical
explanations of mandibular form also need to consider that
torsion influences relative corpus size and shape.
Furthermore, the complex combination of loads that occur
along the selenodont artiodactyl mandibular corpus during
the power stroke has two implications. First, added
clarification of these loading patterns requires in vivo
approaches for elucidating biomechanical links between
mandibular corpus morphology and masticatory loading.
Second, morphometric approaches may be limited in their
ability to accurately infer masticatory loading regimes of
selenodont artiodactyl jaws.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01008.x},
Key = {fds241369}
}
@article{fds362875,
Author = {Wall, CE and Vinyard, CJ and Williams, SH and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Analysis of variation in masseter and temporalis EMGs during
mastication in primates and treeshrews},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {265-266},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362875}
}
@article{fds303354,
Author = {Williams, SH and Vinyard, CJ and Wall, CE and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {In vivo bone strain in the mandibular corpus of selenodont
artiodactyls},
Journal = {Journal of Anatomy},
Volume = {214},
Pages = {65-78},
Publisher = {Wiley: 12 months},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {1469-7580},
Key = {fds303354}
}
@misc{fds241355,
Author = {Vinyard, CJ and Wall, CE and Williams, SH and Mork, AL and Brooke, AG and De Oliveira Melo and LC and Valenca-Montenegro, MM and Valle, YBM and Monterio de Croz MAO, and Lucas, PW and Schmitt, D and Taylor, AB and Hylander, WL},
Title = {The evolutionary morphology of tree gouging in
marmosets},
Booktitle = {The Smallest Anthropoids: The Marmoset/Callimico
Radiation},
Publisher = {Springer Academic Publishers},
Editor = {Davis, LC and Ford, SM and PorterLM},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds241355}
}
@article{fds241370,
Author = {Vinyard, CJ and Wall, CE and Williams, SH and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Patterns of variation across primates in jaw-muscle
electromyography during mastication.},
Journal = {Integrative and comparative biology},
Volume = {48},
Number = {2},
Pages = {294-311},
Year = {2008},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {1540-7063},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21669792},
Abstract = {Biologists that study mammals continue to discuss the
evolution of and functional variation in jaw-muscle activity
during chewing. A major barrier to addressing these issues
is collecting sufficient in vivo data to adequately capture
neuromuscular variation in a clade. We combine data on
jaw-muscle electromyography (EMG) collected during
mastication from 14 species of primates and one of
treeshrews to assess patterns of neuromuscular variation in
primates. All data were collected and analyzed using the
same methods. We examine the variance components for EMG
parameters using a nested ANOVA design across successive
hierarchical factors from chewing cycle through species for
eight locations in the masseter and temporalis muscles.
Variation in jaw-muscle EMGs was not distributed equally
across hierarchical levels. The timing of peak EMG activity
showed the largest variance components among chewing cycles.
Relative levels of recruitment of jaw muscles showed the
largest variance components among chewing sequences and
cycles. We attribute variation among chewing cycles to (1)
changes in food properties throughout the chewing sequence,
(2) variation in bite location, and (3) the multiple ways
jaw muscles can produce submaximal bite forces. We
hypothesize that variation among chewing sequences is
primarily related to variation in properties of food. The
significant proportion of variation in EMGs potentially
linked to food properties suggests that experimental
biologists must pay close attention to foods given to
research subjects in laboratory-based studies of feeding.
The jaw muscles exhibit markedly different variance
components among species suggesting that primate jaw muscles
have evolved as distinct functional units. The
balancing-side deep masseter (BDM) exhibits the most
variation among species. This observation supports previous
hypotheses linking variation in the timing and activation of
the BDM to symphyseal fusion in anthropoid primates and in
strepsirrhines with robust symphyses. The working-side
anterior temporalis shows a contrasting pattern with little
variation in timing and relative activation across primates.
The consistent recruitment of this muscle suggests that
primates have maintained their ability to produce vertical
jaw movements and force in contrast to the evolutionary
changes in transverse occlusal forces driven by the varying
patterns of activation in the BDM.},
Doi = {10.1093/icb/icn071},
Key = {fds241370}
}
@article{fds214351,
Author = {Vinyard CJ and Wall CE and Williams SH and Hylander
WL},
Title = {Patterns of variation in jaw- muscle electromyography during
mastication across Primates},
Journal = {Integrative and Comparative Biology},
Volume = {48},
Pages = {294},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds214351}
}
@book{fds306059,
Title = {Primate Craniofacial Function and Biology},
Pages = {496 pages},
Publisher = {Springer Academic Publishers},
Editor = {Vinyard, CJ and Ravosa, MJ and Wall, CE},
Year = {2008},
ISBN = {9780387765846},
Abstract = {This integrative volume is the most comprehensive text on
primate craniofacial biology and function and includes
introductory chapters on how primatologists study
adaptations in primates and a discussion of in vivo
approaches for studying ...},
Key = {fds306059}
}
@misc{fds241344,
Author = {Schmitt, D and Wall, CE and Lemelin, P},
Title = {Experimental comparative anatomy in physical anthropology:
the functional anatomy of the skull and the contributions of
Dr. William Hylander.},
Booktitle = {Primate Craniofacial Function and Biology},
Publisher = {Springer Academic Publishers},
Editor = {Vinyard, CJ and Ravosa, MJ and Wall, CE},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds241344}
}
@misc{fds241351,
Author = {Williams, SH and Wall, CE and Vinyard, CJ and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Symphyseal fusion in selenodont artiodactyls: new insights
from in vivo and comparative data},
Booktitle = {Primate Craniofacial Function and Biology},
Publisher = {Springer Academic Publishers},
Editor = {Vinyard, CJ and Ravosa, MJ and Wall, CE},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds241351}
}
@misc{fds241352,
Author = {Perry, JMG and Wall, CE},
Title = {Scaling of the chewing muscles in prosimians},
Booktitle = {Primate Craniofacial Function and Biology},
Publisher = {Springer Academic Publishers},
Editor = {Vinyard, CJ and Ravosa, MJ and Wall, CE},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds241352}
}
@misc{fds241353,
Author = {Wall, CE and Vinyard, CJ and Wiliams, SH and Johnson, KR and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Specialization of the superficial anterior temporalis muscle
for hard-object feeding in baboons},
Pages = {113-126},
Booktitle = {Primate Craniofacial Function and Biology},
Publisher = {Springer Academic Publishers},
Editor = {Vinyard, CJ and Ravosa, MJ and Wall, CE},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds241353}
}
@article{fds241361,
Author = {Vinyard, CJ and Ravosa, MJ and Williams, SH and Wall, CE and Johnson,
KR and Hylander, WL},
Title = {Jaw-muscle function and the origin of primates},
Pages = {179-231},
Publisher = {Springer US},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-33507-0_6},
Abstract = {Anthropologists studying primate chewing have focused on the
origins and evolution of the masticatory apparatus of
anthropoids and humans. We know far less about the
functional morphology and evolution of the masticatory
apparatus in the earliest euprimates (e.g., Jablonski,
1986). A more complete understanding of masticatory
apparatus function in the earliest primates would greatly
benefit studies of chewing behavior in both strepsirrhines
and haplorhines. We begin addressing this shortcoming in
this chapter by asking, "To what extent do treeshrews share
similar jaw-muscle activity patterns during chewing with
living primates?" We use the small, nonprimate mammal,
Belangers treeshrew (Tupaia belangeri), as an extant model
of jaw-muscle activity during chewing, or mastication, in
early euprimates. By comparing living primates to this
treeshrew, we can infer whether the origin of primates
involved significant changes in jaw-muscle activity patterns
during chewing. Because we can make some basic functional
links between jaw-muscle activity patterns and jaw form, our
results will aid future interpretations of masticatory
apparatus function from jaw form in living and fossil
primates. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
2007.},
Doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-33507-0_6},
Key = {fds241361}
}
@article{fds362876,
Author = {Wall, CE},
Title = {Feeding in olive baboons (Papio anubis): Sexual size
dimorphism, energy requirements, and masticatory
mechanics},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY},
Volume = {268},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1146-1146},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds362876}
}
@article{fds241368,
Author = {Williams, SH and Vinyard, CJ and Wall, CE and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Masticatory motor patterns in ungulates: a quantitative
assessment of jaw-muscle coordination in goats, alpacas and
horses.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics
and physiology},
Volume = {307},
Number = {4},
Pages = {226-240},
Year = {2007},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1932-5223},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.362},
Abstract = {We investigated patterns of jaw-muscle coordination during
rhythmic mastication in three species of ungulates
displaying the marked transverse jaw movements typical of
many large mammalian herbivores. In order to quantify
consistent motor patterns during chewing, electromyograms
were recorded from the superficial masseter, deep masseter,
posterior temporalis and medial pterygoid muscles of goats,
alpacas and horses. Timing differences between muscle pairs
were evaluated in the context of an evolutionary model of
jaw-muscle function. In this model, the closing and food
reduction phases of mastication are primarily controlled by
two distinct muscle groups, triplet I (balancing-side
superficial masseter and medial pterygoid and working-side
posterior temporalis) and triplet II (working-side
superficial masseter and medial pterygoid and balancing-side
posterior temporalis), and the asynchronous activity of the
working- and balancing-side deep masseters. The three
species differ in the extent to which the jaw muscles are
coordinated as triplet I and triplet II. Alpacas, and to a
lesser extent, goats, exhibit the triplet pattern whereas
horses do not. In contrast, all three species show marked
asynchrony of the working-side and balancing-side deep
masseters, with jaw closing initiated by the working-side
muscle and the balancing-side muscle firing much later
during closing. However, goats differ from alpacas and
horses in the timing of the balancing-side deep masseter
relative to the triplet II muscles. This study highlights
interspecific differences in the coordination of jaw muscles
to influence transverse jaw movements and the production of
bite force in herbivorous ungulates.},
Doi = {10.1002/jez.362},
Key = {fds241368}
}
@article{fds362877,
Author = {Wall, CE and Perry, JGM and Briggs, M and Schachat,
F},
Title = {Mechanical correlates of sexual dimorphism in the jaw
muscles and bones of baboons.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {242-242},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2007},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362877}
}
@article{fds241382,
Author = {Vinyard, CJ and Wall, CE and Williams, SH and Johnson, KR and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Masseter electromyography during chewing in ring-tailed
lemurs (Lemur catta).},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {130},
Number = {1},
Pages = {85-95},
Year = {2006},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16345068},
Abstract = {We examined masseter recruitment and firing patterns during
chewing in four adult ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta),
using electromyography (EMG). During chewing of tougher
foods, the working-side superficial masseter tends to show,
on average, 1.7 times more scaled EMG activity than the
balancing-side superficial masseter. The working-side deep
masseter exhibits, on average, 2.4 times the scaled EMG
activity of the balancing-side deep masseter. The relatively
larger activity in the working-side muscles suggests that
ring-tailed lemurs recruit relatively less force from their
balancing-side muscles during chewing. The superficial
masseter working-to-balancing-side (W/B) ratio for lemurs
overlaps with W/B ratios from anthropoid primates. In
contrast, the lemur W/B ratio for the deep masseter is more
similar to that of greater galagos, while both are
significantly larger than W/B ratios of anthropoids. Because
ring-tailed lemurs have unfused and hence presumably weaker
symphyses, these data are consistent with the symphyseal
fusion-muscle recruitment hypothesis stating that symphyseal
fusion in anthropoids provides increased strength for
resisting forces created by the balancing-side jaw muscles
during chewing. Among the masseter muscles of ring-tailed
lemurs, the working-side deep masseter peaks first on
average, followed in succession by the balancing-side deep
masseter, balancing-side superficial masseter, and finally
the working-side superficial masseter. Ring-tailed lemurs
are similar to greater galagos in that their balancing-side
deep masseter peaks well before their working-side
superficial masseter. We see the opposite pattern in
anthropoids, where the balancing-side deep masseter peaks,
on average, after the working-side superficial masseter.
This late activity of the balancing-side deep masseter in
anthropoids is linked to lateral-transverse bending, or
wishboning, of their mandibular symphyses. Subsequently, the
stresses incurred during wishboning are hypothesized to be a
proximate reason for strengthening, and hence fusion, of the
anthropoid symphysis. Thus, the absence of this
muscle-firing pattern in ring-tailed lemurs with their
weaker, unfused symphyses provides further correlational
support for the symphyseal fusion late-acting balancing-side
deep masseter hypothesis linking wishboning and symphyseal
strengthening in anthropoids. The early peak activity of the
working-side deep masseter in ring-tailed lemurs is unlike
galagos and most similar to the pattern seen in macaques and
baboons. We hypothesize that this early activity of the
working-side deep masseter moves the lower jaw both
laterally toward the working side and vertically upward, to
position it for the upcoming power stroke. From an
evolutionary perspective, the differences in peak firing
times for the working-side deep masseter between ring-tailed
lemurs and greater galagos indicate that deep masseter
firing patterns are not conserved among strepsirrhines.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20307},
Key = {fds241382}
}
@article{fds304464,
Author = {Wall, CE and Vinyard, CJ and Johnson, KR and Williams, SH and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Phase II jaw movements and masseter muscle activity during
chewing in Papio anubis.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {129},
Number = {2},
Pages = {215-224},
Year = {2006},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16278877},
Abstract = {It was proposed that the power stroke in primates has two
distinct periods of occlusal contact, each with a
characteristic motion of the mandibular molars relative to
the maxillary molars. The two movements are called phase I
and phase II, and they occur sequentially in that order (Kay
and Hiiemae [1974] Am J. Phys. Anthropol. 40:227-256, Kay
and Hiiemae [1974] Prosimian Biology, Pittsburgh: University
of Pittsburgh Press, p. 501-530). Phase I movement is said
to be associated with shearing along a series of crests,
producing planar phase I facets and crushing on surfaces on
the basins of the molars. Phase I terminates in centric
occlusion. Phase II movement is said to be associated with
grinding along the same surfaces that were used for crushing
at the termination of phase I. Hylander et al. ([1987] Am J.
Phys. Anthropol. 72:287-312; see also Hiiemae [1984] Food
Acquisition and Processing, London: Academic Press, p.
257-281; Hylander and Crompton [1980] Am J. Phys. Anthropol.
52:239-251, [1986] Arch. Oral. Biol. 31:841-848) analyzed
data on macaques and suggested that phase II movement may
not be nearly as significant for food breakdown as phase I
movement simply because, based on the magnitude of
mandibular bone strain patterns, adductor muscle and
occlusal forces are likely negligible during movement out of
centric occlusion. Our goal is to better understand the
functional significance of phase II movement within the
broader context of masticatory kinematics during the power
stroke. We analyze vertical and transverse mandibular motion
and relative activity of the masseter and temporalis muscles
during phase I and II movements in Papio anubis. We test
whether significant muscle activity and, by inference,
occlusal force occurs during phase II movement. We find that
during phase II movement, there is negligible force
developed in the superficial and deep masseter and the
anterior and posterior temporalis muscles. Furthermore,
mandibular movements are small during phase II compared to
phase I. These results suggest that grinding during phase II
movement is of minimal importance for food breakdown, and
that most food breakdown on phase II facets occurs primarily
at the end of phase I movement (i.e., crushing during phase
I movement). We note, however, that depending on the
orientation of phase I facets, significant grinding also
occurs along phase I facets during phase
I.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20290},
Key = {fds304464}
}
@article{fds241381,
Author = {Wall, CE and Vinyard, CJ and Williams, SH and Johnson, KR and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Phase II occlusion in relation to jaw movement and masseter
muscle recruitment during chewing in Papio
anubis.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {129},
Number = {2},
Pages = {215-224},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16278877},
Abstract = {It was proposed that the power stroke in primates has two
distinct periods of occlusal contact, each with a
characteristic motion of the mandibular molars relative to
the maxillary molars. The two movements are called phase I
and phase II, and they occur sequentially in that order (Kay
and Hiiemae [1974] Am J. Phys. Anthropol. 40:227-256, Kay
and Hiiemae [1974] Prosimian Biology, Pittsburgh: University
of Pittsburgh Press, p. 501-530). Phase I movement is said
to be associated with shearing along a series of crests,
producing planar phase I facets and crushing on surfaces on
the basins of the molars. Phase I terminates in centric
occlusion. Phase II movement is said to be associated with
grinding along the same surfaces that were used for crushing
at the termination of phase I. Hylander et al. ([1987] Am J.
Phys. Anthropol. 72:287-312; see also Hiiemae [1984] Food
Acquisition and Processing, London: Academic Press, p.
257-281; Hylander and Crompton [1980] Am J. Phys. Anthropol.
52:239-251, [1986] Arch. Oral. Biol. 31:841-848) analyzed
data on macaques and suggested that phase II movement may
not be nearly as significant for food breakdown as phase I
movement simply because, based on the magnitude of
mandibular bone strain patterns, adductor muscle and
occlusal forces are likely negligible during movement out of
centric occlusion. Our goal is to better understand the
functional significance of phase II movement within the
broader context of masticatory kinematics during the power
stroke. We analyze vertical and transverse mandibular motion
and relative activity of the masseter and temporalis muscles
during phase I and II movements in Papio anubis. We test
whether significant muscle activity and, by inference,
occlusal force occurs during phase II movement. We find that
during phase II movement, there is negligible force
developed in the superficial and deep masseter and the
anterior and posterior temporalis muscles. Furthermore,
mandibular movements are small during phase II compared to
phase I. These results suggest that grinding during phase II
movement is of minimal importance for food breakdown, and
that most food breakdown on phase II facets occurs primarily
at the end of phase I movement (i.e., crushing during phase
I movement). We note, however, that depending on the
orientation of phase I facets, significant grinding also
occurs along phase I facets during phase
I.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20290},
Key = {fds241381}
}
@misc{fds241348,
Author = {Vinyard, CJ and Ravosa, MJ and Wall, CE and Williams, SH and Johnson,
KR and Hylander, WL},
Title = {Functional morphology of the primate masticatory apparatus
and the origin of primates},
Pages = {179-231},
Booktitle = {Primate Origins and Adaptations: A Multidisciplinary
Perspective},
Publisher = {Kluwer Press},
Editor = {Ravosa, MJ and Dagosto, M},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds241348}
}
@article{fds362878,
Author = {Vinyard, CJ and Wall, CE and Williams, SH and Johnson, KR and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Are jaw-muscle activity patterns correlated with masticatory
apparatus morphology among primate species?},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {45},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1090-1090},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2005},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds362878}
}
@article{fds362879,
Author = {Williams, SH and Vinyard, CJ and Wall, CE and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Experimental observations on symphyseal fusion in selenodont
artiodactyls},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {45},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1209-1209},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2005},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds362879}
}
@article{fds241394,
Author = {Hylander, WL and Wall, CE and Vinyard, CJ and Ross, C and Ravosa, MR and Williams, SH and Johnson, KR},
Title = {Temporalis function in anthropoids and strepsirrhines: an
EMG study.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {128},
Number = {1},
Pages = {35-56},
Year = {2005},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15714512},
Abstract = {The major purpose of this study is to analyze anterior and
posterior temporalis muscle force recruitment and firing
patterns in various anthropoid and strepsirrhine primates.
There are two specific goals for this project. First, we
test the hypothesis that in addition to transversely
directed muscle force, the evolution of symphyseal fusion in
primates may also be linked to vertically directed
balancing-side muscle force during chewing (Hylander et al.
[2000] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 112:469-492). Second, we test
the hypothesis of whether strepsirrhines retain the
hypothesized primitive mammalian condition for the firing of
the anterior temporalis, whereas anthropoids have the
derived condition (Weijs [1994] Biomechanics of Feeding in
Vertebrates; Berlin: Springer-Verlag, p. 282-320).
Electromyographic (EMG) activities of the left and right
anterior and posterior temporalis muscles were recorded and
analyzed in baboons, macaques, owl monkeys, thick-tailed
galagos, and ring-tailed lemurs. In addition, as we used the
working-side superficial masseter as a reference muscle, we
also recorded and analyzed EMG activity of the left and
right superficial masseter in these primates. The data for
the anterior temporalis provided no support for the
hypothesis that symphyseal fusion in primates is linked to
vertically directed jaw muscle forces during mastication.
Thus, symphyseal fusion in primates is most likely mainly
linked to the timing and recruitment of transversely
directed forces from the balancing-side deep masseter
(Hylander et al. [2000] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.
112:469-492). In addition, our data demonstrate that the
firing patterns for the working- and balancing-side anterior
temporalis muscles are near identical in both strepsirrhines
and anthropoids. Their working- and balancing-side anterior
temporalis muscles fire asynchronously and reach peak
activity during the power stroke. Similarly, their working-
and balancing-side posterior temporalis muscles also fire
asynchronously and reach peak activity during the power
stroke. Compared to these strepsirrhines, however, the
balancing-side posterior temporalis of anthropoids appears
to have a relatively delayed firing pattern. Moreover, based
on their smaller W/B ratios, anthropoids demonstrate a
relative increase in muscle-force recruitment of the
balancing-side posterior temporalis. This in turn suggests
that anthropoids may emphasize the duration and magnitude of
the power stroke during mastication. This hypothesis,
however, requires additional testing. Furthermore, during
the latter portion of the power stroke, the late activity of
the balancing-side posterior temporalis of anthropoids
apparently assists the balancing-side deep masseter in
driving the working-side molars through the terminal portion
of occlusion.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20058},
Key = {fds241394}
}
@article{fds241380,
Author = {Vinyard, CJ and Williams, SH and Wall, CE and Johnson, KR and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Jaw-muscle electromyography during chewing in Belanger's
treeshrews (Tupaia belangeri).},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {127},
Number = {1},
Pages = {26-45},
Year = {2005},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486965},
Abstract = {We examined masseter and temporalis recruitment and firing
patterns during chewing in five male Belanger's treeshrews
(Tupaia belangeri), using electromyography (EMG). During
chewing, the working-side masseters tend to show almost
three times more scaled EMG activity than the balancing-side
masseters. Similarly, the working-side temporalis muscles
have more than twice the scaled EMG activity of the
balancing-side temporalis. The relatively higher activity in
the working-side muscles suggests that treeshrews recruit
less force from their balancing-side muscles during chewing.
Most of the jaw-closing muscles in treeshrews can be sorted
into an early-firing or late-firing group, based on
occurrence of peak activity during the chewing cycle.
Specifically, the first group of jaw-closing muscles to
reach peak activity consists of the working-side anterior
and posterior temporalis and the balancing-side superficial
masseter. The balancing-side anterior and posterior
temporalis and the working-side superficial masseter peak
later in the power stroke. The working-side deep masseter
peaks, on average, slightly before the working-side
superficial masseter. The balancing-side deep masseter
typically peaks early, at about the same time as the
balancing-side superficial masseter. Thus, treeshrews are
unlike nonhuman anthropoids that peak their working-side
deep masseters early and their balancing-side deep masseters
late in the power stroke. Because in anthropoids the late
firing of the balancing-side deep masseter contributes to
wishboning of the symphysis, the treeshrew EMG data suggest
that treeshrews do not routinely wishbone their symphyses
during chewing. Based on the treeshrew EMG data, we
speculate that during chewing, primitive euprimates 1)
recruited more force from the working-side jaw-closing
muscles as compared to the balancing-side muscles, 2) fired
an early group of jaw-closing muscles followed by a second
group of muscles that peaked later in the power stroke, 3)
did not fire their working-side deep masseter significantly
earlier than their working-side superficial masseter, and 4)
did not routinely fire their balancing-side deep masseter
after the working-side superficial masseter.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20176},
Key = {fds241380}
}
@article{fds362884,
Author = {Wall, CE and Vinyard, CJ and Johnson, KR and Williams, SH and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Functional heterogeneity of the temporalis muscle of male
and female baboons.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Series = {Festschrift to Honor William Hylander, American Association
of Physical Anthropologists. Milwaukee, WI},
Pages = {217-217},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362884}
}
@article{fds362883,
Author = {Mork, AL and Wall, CE and Williams, SH and Garner, BA and Johnson, KR and Schmitt, D and Hylander, WL and Vinyard, CJ},
Title = {The biomechanics of tree gouging in common marmosets
(Callithrix jacchus).},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Series = {Advances in Marmoset and Goeldi’s Monkey (Callimico)
Research: Anatomy, Behavior Ecology, Phylogeny and
Conservation. American Association of Physical
Anthropologists, Milwaukee, WI},
Pages = {153-154},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362883}
}
@article{fds362880,
Author = {Olmsted, MJ and Wall, CE and Vinyard, CJ and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Human bite force: the relation between EMG activity and bite
force at a standardized gape.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {160-161},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362880}
}
@article{fds362881,
Author = {Williams, SH and Wall, CE and Vinyard, CJ and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {In vivo data provide insights into alternative explanations
of symphyseal fusion in mammals: the case of the selenodont
artiodactyls.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {224-224},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362881}
}
@article{fds362882,
Author = {Johnson, KR and Wall, CE and Williams, SH and Hylander, WL and Vinyard,
CJ},
Title = {Are jaw-muscle activity patterns correlated with masticatory
apparatus morphology among primate species?},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {122-122},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362882}
}
@article{fds362885,
Author = {Perry, JMG and Wall, CE},
Title = {A study of the scaling patterns of physiological
cross-sectional area of the chewing muscles in
prosimians},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {165-165},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362885}
}
@article{fds29830,
Author = {Johnson KR and Wall CE and Williams SH and Hylander WL and Vinyard
CJ},
Title = {Is masticatory apparatus morphology correlated with
jaw-msucle activity patterns among primate
species?},
Series = {Festschrift to Honor William Hylander, American Association
of Physical Anthropologists. Milwaukee, WI},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds29830}
}
@article{fds29785,
Author = {Perry JMG and Wall CE},
Title = {Theoretical expectations and empirical features of prosimian
chewing muscles},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {24},
Pages = {101A},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds29785}
}
@article{fds29786,
Author = {Williams SH and Vinyard CJ and Wall CE and Hylander
WL},
Title = {Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds29786}
}
@article{fds362886,
Author = {Williams, SH and Vinyard, CJ and Wall, CE and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Masticatory strains in the mandibular corpus of
selenodontartiodactyls},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {43},
Number = {6},
Pages = {982-982},
Publisher = {SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Year = {2003},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds362886}
}
@article{fds241393,
Author = {Vinyard, CJ and Wall, CE and Williams, SH and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Comparative functional analysis of skull morphology of
tree-gouging primates.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {120},
Number = {2},
Pages = {153-170},
Year = {2003},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12541333},
Abstract = {Many primates habitually feed on tree exudates such as gums
and saps. Among these exudate feeders, Cebuella pygmaea,
Callithrix spp., Phaner furcifer, and most likely Euoticus
elegantulus elicit exudate flow by biting into trees with
their anterior dentition. We define this behavior as
gouging. Beyond the recent publication by Dumont ([1997] Am
J Phys Anthropol 102:187-202), there have been few attempts
to address whether any aspect of skull form in gouging
primates relates to this specialized feeding behavior.
However, many researchers have proposed that tree gouging
results in larger bite force, larger internal skull loads,
and larger jaw gapes in comparison to other chewing and
biting behaviors. If true, then we might expect primate
gougers to exhibit skull modifications that provide
increased abilities to produce bite forces at the incisors,
withstand loads in the skull, and/or generate large gapes
for gouging. We develop 13 morphological predictions based
on the expectation that gouging involves relatively large
jaw forces and/or jaw gapes. We compare skull shapes for P.
furcifer to five cheirogaleid taxa, E. elegantulus to six
galagid species, and C. jacchus to two tamarin species, so
as to assess whether gouging primates exhibit these
predicted morphological shapes. Our results show little
morphological evidence for increased force-production or
load-resistance abilities in the skulls of these gouging
primates. Conversely, these gougers tend to have skull
shapes that are advantageous for creating large gapes. For
example, all three gouging species have significantly lower
condylar heights relative to the toothrow at a given
mandibular length in comparison with closely related,
nongouging taxa. Lowering the height of the condyle relative
to the mandibular toothrow should reduce the stretching of
the masseters and medial pterygoids during jaw opening, as
well as position the mandibular incisors more anteriorly at
wide jaw gapes. In other words, the lower incisors will
follow a more vertical trajectory during both jaw opening
and closing. We predict, based on these findings, that
tree-gouging primates do not generate unusually large
forces, but that they do use relatively large gapes during
gouging. Of course, in vivo data on jaw forces and jaw gapes
are required to reliably assess skull functions during
gouging.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.10129},
Key = {fds241393}
}
@article{fds362887,
Author = {Perry, J and Wall, CE and Williams, BA},
Title = {THE ANATOMY OF THE MASTICATORY MUSCLES IN TWO STREPSIRRHINE
PRIMATES AND INFERENCE OF MUSCLE ATTACHMENT AREAS FROM
OSTEOLOGICAL MATERIAL},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY},
Volume = {23},
Pages = {86A-87A},
Publisher = {TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362887}
}
@article{fds362888,
Author = {Hylander, WL and Vinyard, CJ and Wall, CE and Williams, SH and Johnson,
KR},
Title = {Convergence of the "wishboning" jaw-muscle activity pattern
in anthropoids and strepsirrhines: The recruitment and
firing of jaw muscles in Propithecus verreauxi.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {120-120},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362888}
}
@article{fds362889,
Author = {Williams, SH and Vinyard, CJ and Wall, CE and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Symphyseal fusion in anthropoids and ungulates: A case of
functional convergence?},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {226-226},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362889}
}
@article{fds29788,
Author = {Williams SH and Wall CE and Vinyard CJ and Hylander
WL},
Title = {Strain in the mandibular symphysis of alpacas and the
evolution of symphyseal fusion in camelids},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds29788}
}
@article{fds29789,
Author = {Hylander WL and Vinyard CJ and Wall CE and Williams SH and Johnson
KR},
Title = {Convergence of the “wishboning” muscle activity pattern
in anthropoids and strepsirrhines: The recruitment and
firing of the jaw muscles in Propithecus
verreauxi},
Journal = {Am. J. Phys. Anthropology},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds29789}
}
@misc{fds241347,
Author = {Hylander, WL and Vinyard, CJ and Ravosa, MJ and Ross, CF and Wall, CE and Johnson, KR},
Title = {Jaw adductor force and symphyseal fusion},
Pages = {229-257},
Booktitle = {Shaping Primate Evolution},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Anapol, F and German, RZ and Jablonski, N},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds241347}
}
@article{fds362890,
Author = {Williams, SH and Wall, CE and Vinyard, CJ and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Jaw-muscle motor patterns in ungulates: is there a
transverse pattern?},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {42},
Series = {Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1336-1336},
Publisher = {SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Year = {2002},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds362890}
}
@article{fds241392,
Author = {Williams, SH and Wall, CE and Vinyard, CJ and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {A biomechanical analysis of skull form in gum-harvesting
galagids.},
Journal = {Folia primatologica; international journal of
primatology},
Volume = {73},
Number = {4},
Pages = {197-209},
Year = {2002},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0015-5713},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12399659},
Abstract = {Among primates, some highly gummivorous species habitually
gouge trees to elicit exudate flow whereas others scrape the
hardened gums from trees. These foraging behaviors are
thought to require high external forces at the anterior
dentition. In this study, we test whether skull form in
gouging and scraping galagids corresponds to this suggested
need to produce these higher external forces and to resist
increased internal loads in the jaws. We find few consistent
morphological patterns linking skull form and the generation
of high forces during gouging. However, there is some
tendency for gougers and scrapers to show increased load
resistance capabilities in their mandibles. Future research
on the mechanical properties of trees exploited by these
species and on jaw function during gouging and scraping will
improve our understanding of the mechanical demands of gum
feeding on the galagid skull form.},
Doi = {10.1159/000065429},
Key = {fds241392}
}
@article{fds29792,
Author = {Wall CE and Vinyard CJ and Johnson KR and Williams SH and Hylander
WL},
Title = {Analysis of phase II movements during the power stroke of
chewing in Papio anubis},
Journal = {Am. J. Phys. Anthropology},
Series = {S34},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds29792}
}
@article{fds29793,
Author = {C. WallHylander W and Vinyard C and Wall C and Williams S and Johnson K},
Title = {Recruitment and firing patterns of jaw muscles during
mastication in ring-tailed lemurs},
Journal = {Am. J. Phys. Anthropology},
Series = {S34},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds29793}
}
@article{fds362891,
Author = {Wall, CE and Vinyard, CJ and Williams, SH and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Cranial morphology predicts relatively low forces and
relatively large gapes during gouging in primate
gumnivores.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {158-159},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362891}
}
@article{fds362892,
Author = {Vinyard, CJ and Williams, SH and Wall, CE and Johnson, KR and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Deep masseter recruitment patterns during chewing in
callitrichids.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Series = {S32},
Pages = {156-156},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362892}
}
@article{fds29794,
Author = {Wall CE and Vinyard CJ and Williams SH and Hylander
WL},
Title = {Cranial morphology predicts relatively low forces and
relatively large gapes during gouging in primate
gummivores},
Journal = {Am. J. Phys. Anthropology},
Series = {S32},
Pages = {158-59},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds29794}
}
@article{fds29832,
Author = {Vinyard CJ and Ravosa MJ and Wall CE and Williams SH and Johnson KR and Hylander WL},
Title = {Functional morphology of the primate masticatory apparatus
and the origin of primates},
Series = {First-Ever International Conference on Primate Origins and
Adaptations: A Multidisciplinary Perspective. Chicago,
IL},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds29832}
}
@misc{fds241343,
Author = {Wall, CE and Smith, KK},
Title = {Ingestion in mammals},
Series = {Encyclopedia of Life Sciences},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Life Sciences},
Publisher = {Macmillan},
Year = {2001},
url = {http://www.els.net},
Key = {fds241343}
}
@misc{fds241345,
Author = {Vinyard, CJ and Wall, CE and Williams, SH and Schmitt, D and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {A preliminary report on the jaw mechanics during tree
gouging in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)},
Pages = {283-298},
Booktitle = {Dental Morphology 2001},
Publisher = {Sheffield Academic Press, Ltd},
Editor = {Brook, A},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds241345}
}
@misc{fds241346,
Author = {Wall, CE and Schmitt, D and Vinyard, CJ and Johnson, KR and Hylander,
WL},
Title = {Correlation between transverse mandibular movement and
masseter muscle activity during chewing in Papio
anubis},
Pages = {277-282},
Booktitle = {Dental Morphology 2001},
Publisher = {Sheffield Academic Press, Ltd},
Editor = {Brook, A},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds241346}
}
@article{fds241391,
Author = {Hylander, WL and Ravosa, MJ and Ross, CF and Wall, CE and Johnson,
KR},
Title = {Symphyseal fusion and jaw-adductor muscle force: an EMG
study.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {112},
Number = {4},
Pages = {469-492},
Year = {2000},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10918125},
Abstract = {The purpose of this study is to test various hypotheses
about balancing-side jaw muscle recruitment patterns during
mastication, with a major focus on testing the hypothesis
that symphyseal fusion in anthropoids is due mainly to
vertically- and/or transversely-directed jaw muscle forces.
Furthermore, as the balancing-side deep masseter has been
shown to play an important role in wishboning of the macaque
mandibular symphysis, we test the hypothesis that primates
possessing a highly mobile mandibular symphysis do not
exhibit the balancing-side deep masseter firing pattern that
causes wishboning of the anthropoid mandible. Finally, we
also test the hypothesis that balancing-side muscle
recruitment patterns are importantly related to allometric
constraints associated with the evolution of increasing body
size. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the left and right
superficial and deep masseters were recorded and analyzed in
baboons, macaques, owl monkeys, and thick-tailed galagos.
The masseter was chosen for analysis because in the frontal
projection its superficial portion exerts force primarily in
the vertical (dorsoventral) direction, whereas its deep
portion has a relatively larger component of force in the
transverse direction. The symphyseal fusion-muscle
recruitment hypothesis predicts that unlike anthropoids,
galagos develop bite force with relatively little
contribution from their balancing-side jaw muscles. Thus,
compared to galagos, anthropoids recruit a larger percentage
of force from their balancing-side muscles. If true, this
means that during forceful mastication, galagos should have
working-side/balancing-side (W/B) EMG ratios that are
relatively large, whereas anthropoids should have W/B ratios
that are relatively small. The EMG data indicate that
galagos do indeed have the largest average W/B ratios for
both the superficial and deep masseters (2.2 and 4.4,
respectively). Among the anthropoids, the average W/B ratios
for the superficial and deep masseters are 1.9 and 1.0 for
baboons, 1.4 and 1.0 for macaques, and both values are 1.4
for owl monkeys. Of these ratios, however, the only
significant difference between thick-tailed galagos and
anthropoids are those associated with the deep masseter.
Furthermore, the analysis of masseter firing patterns
indicates that whereas baboons, macaques and owl monkeys
exhibit the deep masseter firing pattern associated with
wishboning of the macaque mandibular symphysis, galagos do
not exhibit this firing pattern. The allometric
constraint-muscle recruitment hypothesis predicts that
larger primates must recruit relatively larger amounts of
balancing-side muscle force so as to develop equivalent
amounts of bite force. Operationally this means that during
forceful mastication, the W/B EMG ratios for the superficial
and deep masseters should be negatively correlated with body
size. Our analysis clearly refutes this hypothesis. As
already noted, the average W/B ratios for both the
superficial and deep masseter are largest in thick-tailed
galagos, and not, as predicted by the allometric constraint
hypothesis, in owl monkeys, an anthropoid whose body size is
smaller than that of thick-tailed galagos. Our analysis also
indicates that owl monkeys have W/B ratios that are small
and more similar to those of the much larger-sized baboons
and macaques. Thus, both the analysis of the W/B EMG ratios
and the muscle firing pattern data support the hypothesis
that symphyseal fusion and transversely-directed muscle
force in anthropoids are functionally linked. This in turn
supports the hypothesis that the evolution of symphyseal
fusion in anthropoids is an adaptation to strengthen the
symphysis so as to counter increased wishboning stress
during forceful unilateral mastication. (ABSTRACT
TRUNCATED)},
Doi = {10.1002/1096-8644(200008)112:4<469::aid-ajpa5>3.0.co;2-v},
Key = {fds241391}
}
@misc{fds241364,
Author = {Ross, CF and Wall, CE},
Title = {Mammalian feeding and primate evolution: An
overview},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {112},
Number = {4},
Pages = {449-453},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2000},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1096-8644(200008)112:4<449::aid-ajpa3>3.0.co;2-6},
Abstract = {Most of the papers included in this volume are derived from
presentations in a symposium on Mammalian Feeding at the
65th Annual Meetings of the American Association of Physical
Anthropologists in North Carolina in 1996. The aims of this
symposium were to gather together the preeminent researchers
on mammalian mastication and document the state of research
in that field. The symposium emphasized in vivo studies of
mammalian feeding because of a paucity of recent reviews of
this field, but included morphometric and modeling papers as
well. Subsequently the papers were revised, and were
submitted in spring 1998 for publication, pending the
outcome of peer review. Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss,
Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/1096-8644(200008)112:4<449::aid-ajpa3>3.0.co;2-6},
Key = {fds241364}
}
@article{fds362894,
Author = {Williams, SH and Vinyard, CJ and Wall, CE},
Title = {The mechanics of tree-gouging in Callithrix
jacchus.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Series = {S30},
Pages = {322-322},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362894}
}
@article{fds362895,
Author = {Cole, TM and Wall, CE},
Title = {Outline-based morphometrics and shape variation in the
primate mandibular condyle.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Series = {S30},
Pages = {127-127},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362895}
}
@article{fds362893,
Author = {Hylander, WL and Ravosa, MJ and Ross, CF and Wall, CE and Johnson,
KR},
Title = {Jaw-muscle recruitment patterns during mastication in
anthropoids and prosimians.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {S30},
Pages = {185-185},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362893}
}
@article{fds241366,
Author = {Ross, CF and Wall, CE},
Title = {Biomechanics of mammalian feeding and primate
evolution},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {112},
Number = {4},
Pages = {447-448},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2000},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1096-8644(200008)112:4<447::AID-AJPA2>3.0.CO;2-B},
Doi = {10.1002/1096-8644(200008)112:4<447::AID-AJPA2>3.0.CO;2-B},
Key = {fds241366}
}
@article{fds241365,
Author = {Wall, CE and Hylander, WL},
Title = {A comment on: the instantaneous center of rotation during
human jaw opening and its significance in interpreting the
functional meaning of condylar translation (Chen, x., 1998,
Am J phys anthropol 106:35-46)},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {110},
Number = {1},
Pages = {105-107},
Year = {1999},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10490472},
Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199909)110:1<105::aid-ajpa9>3.0.co;2},
Key = {fds241365}
}
@article{fds241390,
Author = {Wall, CE},
Title = {A model of temporomandibular joint function in anthropoid
primates based on condylar movements during
mastication.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {109},
Number = {1},
Pages = {67-88},
Year = {1999},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10342466},
Abstract = {The hypothesis that the shape of the bony temporomandibular
joint (TMJ) is functionally related to sagittal sliding of
the condyle during mastication is tested, and a model of the
relation of sagittal sliding to mandibular size, TMJ shape,
and diet is developed. Sagittal sliding is defined as
fore-aft motion of the condyle during mandibular translation
and/or angular rotation. Ascending ramus height is used as a
structural correlate of the distance between the condyle and
the mandibular axis of rotation (CR). Cineradiographic data
on sagittal sliding and gape during mastication in Ateles
spp., Macaca fascicularis, Papio anubis, and Pan troglodytes
in conjunction with comparative data on mandibular size and
TMJ shape are used to evaluate the hypothesis. The results
show that 1) linear and angular gape are highly positively
correlated with sagittal sliding, 2) pure mandibular
translation is rare during mastication, 3) the CR is rarely
if ever located at the condyle during mastication, 4)
angular gape should be standardized in interindividual
comparisons of sagittal sliding, and 5) the height of the
ascending ramus (and by inference the CR-to-condyle
distance) is highly positively correlated with absolute
sagittal sliding. Sagittal sliding relative to the length of
the articular eminence was the variable used to explore the
relation between TMJ shape and sliding. This variable
standardized absolute sagittal sliding relative to joint
size. The relative depth and orientation of the articular
eminence were not correlated with relative sagittal sliding.
The anteroposterior curvature of the condyle was highly
negatively correlated with relative sagittal sliding. Flat
condyles are associated with large amounts of relative
sagittal sliding. A flat condyle increases joint contact
area, which reduces joint stress. A flat condyle also
increases joint congruence, and this may facilitate the
combined sliding and rolling motion of the condyle when the
sliding motion is relatively large. The shape of the
entoglenoid process was also positively correlated with
relative sagittal sliding. A relatively large entoglenoid
process may help to guide sagittal sliding and prevent
excessive mediolateral sliding of the condyle. The
functional model makes a number of predictions about the
correlations between food consistency and food object size,
mandibular size, TMJ shape, and sagittal sliding of the
condyle during mastication and incision.},
Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199905)109:1<67::aid-ajpa7>3.0.co;2-},
Key = {fds241390}
}
@article{fds362896,
Author = {Wall, CE and Johnson, KR and Hylander, WL},
Title = {EMG of the anterior temporalis muscle in adult male
baboons.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Series = {S28},
Pages = {272-273},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362896}
}
@article{fds362898,
Author = {Williams, SH and Wall, CE},
Title = {Morphological correlates of gummivory in the skull of
prosimian primates.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Series = {S28},
Pages = {278-278},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362898}
}
@article{fds362897,
Author = {Klein, PJ and Wall, CE and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Transverse tooth movements during mastication in Pan
troglodytes.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Series = {S28},
Pages = {170-171},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds362897}
}
@article{fds241389,
Author = {Wall, CE and Hylander, WL},
Title = {A reply to "The instantaneous center of rotation during
human jaw opening and its significance in interpreting the
functional meaning of condylar translation" (Chen, X., 1998,
Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 106:35-46)},
Journal = {Am. J. Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {105},
Pages = {105-107},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds241389}
}
@article{fds241388,
Author = {Wall, CE},
Title = {The expanded mandibular condyle of the Megaladapidae.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {103},
Number = {2},
Pages = {263-276},
Year = {1997},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9209581},
Abstract = {The Megaladapidae have a posterior expansion of the
articular surface of the mandibular condyle. Several other
strepsirhine species exhibit a similar condylar surface. In
this study, I propose two behavioral scenarios in which the
posterior articular expansion might function: 1) contact
with the postglenoid process and resistance to joint stress
during browsing, and 2) movement against the postglenoid
process during the fast closing and power strokes of
mastication, as a consequence of large transverse jaw
movements and associated with a strong mandibular symphysis.
These models are evaluated through dissection of the TMJ in
Lepilemur and from comparative anatomical observations on
strepsirhines and ungulates. In Lepilemur the mandibular
symphysis is unfused, but compared to the unfused symphyses
of other strepsirhines is strengthened by interlocking bony
projections (Beecher [1977] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.
47:325-336). An accessory articular meniscus is found
between the posterior articular expansion and the
postglenoid process in Lepilemur, suggesting that
significant movement occurs in this part of the TMJ. The
symphysis is fused in adult specimens of Megaladapis. A
posterior articular expansion is common among ungulates, and
its presence is associated not with browsing but with
symphyseal fusion. This supports the second model and
suggests that the posterior articular expansion functions as
a movement surface during mastication. Schwartz and
Tattersall ([1987] J. Hum. Evol. 16:23-40) cite the
posterior articular expansion as a synapomorphy uniting an
Adapis-Leptadapis clade with a Megaladapidae-Daubentonia-Indridae
clade. The comparative evidence suggests that the posterior
articular expansion has evolved convergently in adapines,
notharctines, megaladapids, hapalemurids, and indrids as
part of a functional complex related to herbivory. However,
close morphological similarity of the posterior articular
expansion among genera within these strepsirhine subfamilies
and families indicates that it is probably a reliable
synapomorphy at lower taxonomic levels.},
Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199706)103:2<263::aid-ajpa9>3.0.co;2},
Key = {fds241388}
}
@article{fds29806,
Author = {Wall CE and Larson SG and Stern JT, Jr.},
Title = {Working-side/balancing-side ratios in the superficial
masseter muscle of hominoids},
Journal = {Am. J. Phys. Anthropology},
Series = {S24},
Pages = {234-35},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds29806}
}
@article{fds29837,
Author = {Wall CE and Jungers WL},
Title = {Kinematics and shape of the anthropoid TMJ: implications for
the relation between function and morphological integration
in the skull},
Journal = {Am. J. Phys. Anthropology},
Volume = {S22},
Pages = {238},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds29837}
}
@article{fds241387,
Author = {Jungers, WL and Falsetti, AB and Wall, CE},
Title = {Shape, relative size, and size‐adjustments in
morphometrics},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {38},
Number = {21 S},
Pages = {137-161},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330380608},
Abstract = {Many problems in comparative biology and biological
anthropology require meaningful definitions of “relative
size” and “shape.” Here we review the distinguishing
features of ratios and residuals and their relationships to
other methods of “size‐adjustment” for continuous
data. Eleven statistical techniques are evaluated in
reference to one broadly interspecific data set
(craniometries of adult Old World monkeys) and one narrowly
intraspecific data set (anthropometries of adult Native
American males). Three different types of residuals are
compared to three versions of shape ratios, and these are
contrasted to “cscores,” Penrose shape, and multivariate
adjustments based on the first principal component of the
logged variance‐covariance matrix; all methods are also
compared to raw and logged raw data. In order to help us
identify appropriate; methods for size‐adjustment,
geometrically similar or “isometric” versions of the
male vervet and the Inuit male were created by scalar
multiplication of all variables. The geometric mean of all
variables is used as overall “size” throughout this
investigation, but our conclusions would be the same for
most other size variables. Residual adjustments failed to
correctly identify individuals of the same shape in both
sampkles. Like residuals, cscores are also sample‐specific
and incorrectly attribute different shape values to
individuals known to be identical in shape. Multivariate
“residuals” (e.g., discarding the first principal
component and Burnaby's method) are plagued by similar
problems. If one of the goals of an analysis is to identify
individuals (OTUs) of the same shape after accounting for
overalll size differences, then none of these methods can be
recommended. We also reject the assertion that
size‐adjusted variables should be unciorrelated with size
of “size‐free”; rather, whether or not shape covaries
with size is an important empirical determination in any
analysis. Without explicit similarity criteria, “lines of
subtraction” can be very misleading. Only variables in the
Mosimann family of shape rations allowed us to identify
sized individuals of the same shape (“Iso‐OUTs”).
Residuals from isometric lines in logarithmic space,
projections of logged data to a plane orthogonal to an
isometric vector, and Penrose shape distance based on logged
data are also part of this shape family. Shape defined in
this manner can be significantly correlated with size in
allometric data sets (e.g., guenon craniometrics); ratio
shape differences may be largely independent of size in
narrowly intraspecific or intrasexual data sets (e.g.,
Native American anthropometrics). Log‐transformations of
shape variables are not always necessary or desirable. We
hope our findings enciourage other workers to question the
assumptions and utility of residuals as size‐adjusted data
and to explore shape and relative size within Mosimann's
explicitly geometric framework. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Copyright © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc., A Wiley
Company},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330380608},
Key = {fds241387}
}
@article{fds241386,
Author = {Wall, CE and Larson, SG and Stern, JT},
Title = {EMG of the digastric muscle in gibbon and orangutan:
functional consequences of the loss of the anterior
digastric in orangutans.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {94},
Number = {4},
Pages = {549-567},
Year = {1994},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330940408},
Abstract = {Unlike all other primates, the digastric muscle of the
orangutan lacks an anterior belly; the posterior belly,
while present, inserts directly onto the mandible. To
understand the functional consequences of this morphologic
novelty, the EMG activity patterns of the digastric muscle
and other potential mandibular depressors were studied in a
gibbon and an orangutan. The results suggest a significant
degree of functional differentiation between the two
digastric bellies. In the gibbon, the recruitment pattern of
the posterior digastric during mastication is typically
biphasic. It is an important mandibular depressor, active in
this role during mastication and wide opening. It also acts
with the anterior suprahyoid muscles to move the hyoid prior
to jaw opening during mastication. The recruitment patterns
of the anterior digastric suggest that it is functionally
allied to the geniohyoid and mylohyoid. For example,
although it transmits the force of the posterior digastric
during mandibular depression, it functions independent of
the posterior digastric during swallowing. Of the muscles
studied, the posterior digastric was the only muscle to
exhibit major differences in recruitment pattern between the
two species. The posterior digastric retains its function as
a mandibular depressor in orangutans, but is never recruited
biphasically, and is not active prior to opening. The unique
anatomy of the digastric muscle in orangutans results in
decoupling of the mechanisms for hyoid movement and
mandibular depression, and during unilateral activity it
potentially contributes to substantial transverse movements
of the mandible. Hypotheses to explain the loss of the
anterior digastric should incorporate these functional
conclusions.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330940408},
Key = {fds241386}
}
@article{fds29811,
Author = {Wall CE},
Title = {Cineradiography of TMJ movements in monkeys and
Pan},
Journal = {Am. J. Phys. Anthropology},
Series = {S18},
Pages = {202},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds29811}
}
@article{fds241385,
Author = {Krause, DW and Hartman, JH and Wells, NA and Buckley, GA and Lockwood,
CH and Wall, CE and Wunderlich, RE and Rabarison, JA and Randriamiaramanana, LL},
Title = {Cretaceous mammal from Madagascar},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {368},
Pages = {298},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds241385}
}
@article{fds29813,
Author = {Wall CE},
Title = {The expanded mandibular condyle of the Megaladapidae:
function and phylogeny},
Journal = {Am. J. Phys. Anthropology},
Series = {S16},
Pages = {203},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds29813}
}
@article{fds29816,
Author = {Jungers WL and Wall CE and Falsetti AB},
Title = {Ratios and residuals in the analysis of size and shape: a
reconsideration and some recommendations},
Journal = {Am. J. Phys. Anthropology},
Series = {S16},
Pages = {120},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds29816}
}
@article{fds241384,
Author = {Wall, CE and Krause, DW},
Title = {A biomechanical analysis of the masticatory apparatus of
Ptilodus (Multituberculata)},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {12},
Number = {2},
Pages = {172-187},
Year = {1992},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1992.10011448},
Abstract = {This study investigates the biomechanics of dental function
in Ptilodus (Multituberculata) through vector analysis of
masticatory muscles and comparisons of mechanically relevant
cranial and dental dimensions to extant functional
analogues. To isolate function, feeding behavior is divided
into incision, slicing-crushing, and grinding, and these
activities are related to corresponding dental regions
(incisors, premolars, and molars, respectively).
Quantitative comparisons to living mammals are made with
respect to inferred muscle vectors. The masticatory
apparatus of Ptilodus appears to have been adapted for a
variety of jaw movements, including powerful retraction
during the grinding cycle (utilizing the posterior part of
the temporalis muscle), and the generation of large bite
forces at a variety of tooth positions. The lateral
compression of p4 is one indication that resistant food
objects were a dietary component. However, the size and
orientation of the posterior surface of the mandibular
condyle indicates an upper size limit of approximately 10 mm
for relatively resistant items. The size and arrangement of
the bony and muscular structures indicate that the
masticatory apparatus was potentially versatile and, thus,
that Ptilodus and, by inference, other multituberculates,
were probably omnivorous. © 1992 by the Society of
Vertebrate Paleontology.},
Doi = {10.1080/02724634.1992.10011448},
Key = {fds241384}
}
@article{fds29818,
Author = {Wall CE},
Title = {Shape variation in the mandibular condyle of
anthropoids},
Journal = {Am. J. Physical Anthropology},
Series = {S14},
Pages = {170},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds29818}
}
@article{fds29821,
Author = {Wall CE and Larson SG and Stern JT, Jr.},
Title = {The role of the jaw opening muscles in the orangutan and the
gibbon},
Journal = {Am. J. Phys. Anthropology},
Series = {S12},
Pages = {180},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds29821}
}
@article{fds241383,
Author = {Wall, CE},
Title = {Evidence of weaning stress in the long bones of a Central
California Amerindian sample},
Journal = {Annals of Human Biology},
Volume = {18},
Number = {1},
Pages = {9-22},
Year = {1991},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014469100001362},
Abstract = {Diaphyseal growth patterns are described and analysed for a
cross-sectional sample of immature Central California
Amerindian skeletal remains. This collection is housed at
the Lowie Museum of Anthropology, Berkeley, California, and
comprises the largest immature skeletal sample of
prehistoric Amerindians from the West Coast of North America
examined to date. Mean long bone length values and estimates
of growth velocity are compared to data reported for the
Indian Knoll and Arikara skeletal samples. The Central
California long bone growth curves are very similar to the
Indian Knoll and Arikara from birth through dental age 2. A
period of growth retardation is evident in the Central
California sample at dental age 3, both in comparison to the
Central California 2-year-olds and the Indian Knoll and
Arikara 3-year-olds. However, estimated growth velocity
indicates a comparable decline in growth rates for all three
groups between ages 2 and 3. Catch-up growth is exhibited in
the Central California long bones at dental ages 4 and 5.
The departure from the expected cross-sectional growth curve
between ages 3 and 5 is suggested to be correlated with the
onset of weaning and a subsequent slow-down in skeletal
growth. A method of quantitatively testing for the presence
of poor growth performance in archaeological skeletal
collections is applied to the Central California
data.},
Doi = {10.1080/03014469100001362},
Key = {fds241383}
}
@article{fds29822,
Author = {Wall CE},
Title = {Biomechanical correlates of inferred feeding behavior in
Ptilodus (Multituberculata)},
Journal = {J. Vert. Paleontol.},
Volume = {10S},
Pages = {47A},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds29822}
}
@article{fds44914,
Author = {Vinyard, Wall and Williams, Johnson and Hylander},
Title = {Are jaw-muscle activity patterns correlated with masticatory
apparatus morphology among primate species?},
Journal = {Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology},
Year = {200},
Key = {fds44914}
}
%% Weil, Anne
@article{fds28594,
Author = {Weil, A. and Williamson, T. and Pignataro, F. and Colon,
J.},
Title = {The teiid lizard Peneteius discovered in the Late Cretaceous
Naashoibito Member of the Kirtland Formation, San Juan
Basin, New Mexico},
Series = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24(supp.
3)},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds28594}
}
@article{fds28595,
Author = {Williamson, T. and Weil, A.},
Title = {Earliest Cenozoic mammalian faunal succession in the San
Juan Basin, New Mexico},
Series = {Abstracts with Programs, Geological Society of America
Annual Meeting},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds28595}
}
@article{fds28596,
Author = {Weil, A. and Williamson, T.},
Title = {Successive multituberculate mammal assemblages in the
Campanian – Early Paleocene of the San Juan Basin, New
Mexico},
Series = {Abstracts with Programs, Geological Society of America
Annual Meeting},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds28596}
}
@article{fds27888,
Author = {Weil, A. and Clemens, W. A.},
Title = {Multituberculate mammal Bubodens from the Late Cretaceous of
South Dakota and implications for diversification of
Taeniolabididae},
Journal = {Acta Palaeontologica Polonica},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds27888}
}
@article{fds27897,
Author = {Krause, D. W. and Weil, A.},
Title = {Multituberculata},
Volume = {Volume II},
Booktitle = {Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America},
Editor = {Janis, C. and Gunnell, G.},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds27897}
}
@misc{fds27899,
Author = {A. Weil},
Title = {Jehol biota mammals (paleontology)},
Pages = {172-175},
Booktitle = {McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science & Technology},
Publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds27899}
}
@misc{fds28303,
Author = {A. Weil},
Title = {The Hell Creek Formation and the Cretaceous-Tertiary
Boundary in the Northern Great Plains: An Integrated
Continental Record of the end of the Cretaceous},
Journal = {Journal of Paleontology},
Volume = {78},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1028-1029},
Editor = {Hartman, Johnson and Nichols},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds28303}
}
@misc{fds27900,
Author = {A. Weil},
Title = {Evolutionary biology: Teeth as tools},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {422},
Pages = {128},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds27900}
}
@article{fds28591,
Author = {Williamson, T. and Carr, T. and Weil, A.},
Title = {Latest Cretaceous dinosaurs in the San Juan Basin, New
Mexico},
Series = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23(supp.
3):111A},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds28591}
}
@article{fds28592,
Author = {Pignataro, F. and Weil, A.},
Title = {New multituberculate mammals from the Late Cretaceous
Kirtland Formation, San Juan Basin, NM},
Series = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23(supp.
3):87A},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds28592}
}
@article{fds28593,
Author = {Weil, A. and Tomida, Y.},
Title = {Detailed cranial anatomy and phylogenetic affinities of the
multituberculate Meniscoessus},
Series = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23(supp.
3):108A},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds28593}
}
@misc{fds27901,
Author = {A. Weil},
Title = {Mammalian evolution: Upwards and onwards},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {416},
Pages = {798-799},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds27901}
}
@article{fds28589,
Author = {Williamson, T. E. and Weil, A.},
Title = {A Late Puercan (Pu3) microfauna from the San Juan Basin, New
Mexico},
Series = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(supp.
3):119A-120A},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds28589}
}
@article{fds28590,
Author = {A. Weil},
Title = {Late Cretaceous and Early Paleocene mammalian faunal
exchange between Asia and North America},
Series = {Abstracts with Programs, Geological Society of America
Annual Meeting, p. A-316},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds28590}
}
@misc{fds27902,
Author = {A. Weil},
Title = {Mammalian evolution: Relationships to chew
over},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {409},
Pages = {28-31},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds27902}
}
@article{fds28584,
Author = {Williamson, T. E and . and Weil, A.},
Title = {Dinosaurs from microvertebrate sites in the upper Cretaceous
Fruitland and Kirtland Formations, San Juan Basin, New
Mexico},
Series = {Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs
33(5):A-21},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds28584}
}
@article{fds28585,
Author = {Williamson, T. E. and Weil, A},
Title = {New microvertebrate localities in the upper Cretaceous
Fruitland and Kirtland Formations, San Juan Basin, New
Mexico},
Series = {New Mexico Geology 23:64},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds28585}
}
@article{fds28586,
Author = {Kirchner, J. W. and Weil, A.},
Title = {. Fossil extinction and origination rates: linked patterns
generated by distinct processes?},
Series = {North American Paleontological Convention. PaleoBios
21(supp. 2):79},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds28586}
}
@article{fds28587,
Author = {A. Weil},
Title = {Dietary changes among North American Multituberculata across
the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary},
Series = {Journal of Morphology 248(3):299},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds28587}
}
@article{fds28588,
Author = {Weil, A. and Tomida, Y.},
Title = {First description of the skull of Meniscoessus robustus
expands known morphological diversity of Multituberculata
and deepens phylogenetic mystery},
Series = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21(supp.
3):122A},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds28588}
}
@misc{fds27894,
Author = {Kirchner, J. W. and Weil, A.},
Title = {Delayed biotic recovery from extinctions throughout the
fossil record},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {404},
Pages = {177-180},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds27894}
}
@misc{fds27895,
Author = {Montellano, M. and Weil, A. and Clemens, W.
A.},
Title = {An exceptional specimen of Cimexomys judithae (Mammalia:
Multituberculata) from the Campanian Two Medicine Formation
of Montana, and the phylogenetic status of
Cimexomys},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {20},
Number = {2},
Pages = {333-340},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds27895}
}
@misc{fds27896,
Author = {Kirchner, J. W. and Weil, A.},
Title = {Correlations through time in fossil extinctions and
originations},
Journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London},
Volume = {Series B 267},
Pages = {1301-1309},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds27896}
}
@article{fds28583,
Author = {Weil, A. and Williamson, T. E.},
Title = {Diverse Maastrichtian terrestrial vertebrate fauna of the
Naashoibito Member, Kirtland Formation (San Juan Basin, New
Mexico) confirms “Lancian” faunal heterogeneity in
western North America},
Series = {Abstracts with Programs, Geological Society of America
Annual Meeting, p. A-498},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds28583}
}
@misc{fds27903,
Author = {A. Weil},
Title = {1998 Geosciences in Review: Vertebrate Paleontology},
Journal = {Geotimes},
Volume = {44},
Number = {7},
Pages = {48},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds27903}
}
@misc{fds27893,
Author = {Cifelli, R. L. and Nydam, R. L. and Gardner, J. D. and Weil, A. and Eaton, J. G. and Kirkland, J. I. and Madsen, S.
K.},
Title = {Medial Cretaceous vertebrates from the Cedar Mountain
Formation, Emery County, Utah: the Mussentuchit Local
Fauna},
Series = {Utah Geological Survey},
Pages = {219-242},
Booktitle = {Vertebrate Fossils of Utah},
Editor = {D. G. Gillette},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds27893}
}
@article{fds28580,
Author = {A. Weil},
Title = {Survival of multituberculate lineages across the
Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in North America},
Series = {. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19(supp.
3):83A-84A},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds28580}
}
@article{fds28581,
Author = {Kirchner, J. W. and Weil, A.},
Title = {Time scales of recovery from extinction, inferred from lags
between extinctions and originations through Phanerozoic
time},
Series = {. Abstracts with Programs, Geological Society of America
Annual Meeting, p. A-397},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds28581}
}
@article{fds28582,
Author = {A. Weil},
Title = {Biogeographic provinciality of mammalian faunas in the Late
Cretaceous and Early Paleocene Western Interior of North
America},
Series = {Abstracts with Programs, Geological Society of America
Annual Meeting, p. A-472},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds28582}
}
@misc{fds27891,
Author = {A. Weil},
Title = {. A new species of Microcosmodon (Mammalia:
Multituberculata) from the Paleocene Tullock Formation of
Montana, and an argument for the Microcosmodontinae},
Journal = {PaleoBios},
Volume = {18},
Number = {2&3},
Pages = {1-15},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds27891}
}
@misc{fds27892,
Author = {Kirchner, J. W. and Weil, A.},
Title = {No fractals in fossil extinction statistics},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {39},
Number = {5},
Pages = {337-338},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds27892}
}
@article{fds28578,
Author = {Weil, A. and Clemens, W. A.},
Title = {Aliens in Montana: Phylogenetically and biogeographically
diverse lineages contributed to an earliest Cenozoic
community},
Series = {Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs,
Cordilleran Section, p. 69},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds28578}
}
@article{fds28579,
Author = {Kirchner, J. W. and Weil, A.},
Title = {The fossil record does not support fractal extinctions or
self-organized criticality of the biosphere},
Series = {Abstracts with Programs, Geological Society of America
Annual Meeting, p. A328},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds28579}
}
@misc{fds27890,
Author = {Cifelli, R. L. and Kirkland, J. I. and Weil, A. and Deino, A. R. and Kowallis, B. J.},
Title = {High-precision 40Ar/39Ar geochronology and the advent of
North America's Late Cretaceous terrestrial
fauna},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
Volume = {94},
Pages = {11163-11167},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds27890}
}
@article{fds28576,
Author = {Goto, S. and Weil, A.},
Title = {No species differentiation in Lance Mesodma
(Multituberculata, Mammalia) using variation in molar
morphology},
Series = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17(supp.
3):50A},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds28576}
}
@article{fds28577,
Author = {A. Weil},
Title = {Phylogeny, biogeography, and origin of the Eucosmodontidae:
implications for the origins of North America's Early
Paleocene fauna},
Series = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17(supp.
3):84A},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds28577}
}
@article{fds28575,
Author = {A. Weil},
Title = {Lying through their teeth: Dental characters, body size, and
a phylogeny of North American multituberculates},
Series = {. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16(supp.
3):71A-72A},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds28575}
}
@misc{fds28304,
Author = {A. Weil},
Title = {The Mass Extinction Debates: How Science Works in a
Crisis},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {15},
Number = {1},
Pages = {208-209},
Editor = {Glen},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds28304}
}
@article{fds28572,
Author = {A. Weil},
Title = {Latitudinal differentiation in mammals of the Late
Cretaceous Western Interior},
Series = {Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs,
Cordilleran Section, p. 103},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds28572}
}
@article{fds28573,
Author = {A. Weil},
Title = {Acid rain as an agent of extinction at the K/T boundary --
Not!},
Series = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14(supp.
3):51A},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds28573}
}
@article{fds28574,
Author = {A. Weil},
Title = {K/T survivorship as a test of acid rain hypotheses},
Series = {Abstracts with Programs, Geological Society of America
Annual Meeting, p. A335},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds28574}
}
@article{fds28571,
Author = {A. Weil},
Title = {Is Meniscoessus a clade?},
Series = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13(supp.
3):61A.},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds28571}
}
@misc{fds27889,
Author = {Rowe, T. and Cifelli, R. and Lehman, T. and Weil,
A.},
Title = {The Campanian Age Terlingua Local Fauna, with a summary of
other vertebrates from the Aguja Formation, Trans-Pecos
Texas},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {12},
Number = {4},
Pages = {472-493},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds27889}
}
@article{fds28570,
Author = {A. Weil},
Title = {Biostratigraphy and correlation of a microvertebrate
site},
Series = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11(supp.
3):61A},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds28570}
}
%% Williams, Blythe A.
@article{fds355742,
Author = {Morse, PE and Stock, MK and Kay, RF and Williams,
BA},
Title = {Shearing ratios of Aycross anaptomorphine omomyids: Support
for a middle Eocene refugium habitat},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {174},
Pages = {74-74},
Year = {2021},
Key = {fds355742}
}
@misc{fds354726,
Author = {Valenta, K and Daegling, DJ and Nevo, O and Ledogar, J and Sarkar, D and Kalbitzer, U and Bortolamiol, S and Omeja, P and Chapman, CA and Ayasse,
M and Kay, R and Williams, B},
Title = {Fruit Selectivity in Anthropoid Primates: Size
Matters},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {41},
Number = {3},
Pages = {525-537},
Year = {2020},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-020-00158-3},
Abstract = {Certain features of both extant and fossil anthropoid
primates have been interpreted as adaptations to ripe fruit
foraging and feeding particularly spatulate incisors and
trichromatic color vision. Here, we approach the question of
anthropoid fruit foraging adaptations in light of the
sensory and mechanical properties of anthropoid-consumed
fruits in Kibale National Park, Uganda. We quantify the
color, odor, size, and puncture resistance of fruits in
Kibale that are consumed by anthropoid primates (N = 44) and
compare these with the same traits of fruits that are not
consumed by anthropoid primates (N = 24). Contrary to extant
hypotheses, color and odor of anthropoid-consumed fruits do
not differ from non-anthropoid–consumed fruits. However,
we find that anthropoids in this system consume fruits that
are significantly larger than non-anthropoid–consumed
fruits, and with the exception of elephants that consume
very large fruits, are the only dispersers of fruits with a
surface area <4032 mm2, and a maximum diameter of 52 mm.
While our findings do not support most extant hypotheses for
the evolution of derived anthropoid primate traits as
adaptations to ripe fruit foraging, we find some evidence to
support the hypothesis that spatulate incisors may be an
adaptation to foraging on large fruits, which tend to be
harder.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-020-00158-3},
Key = {fds354726}
}
@misc{fds343706,
Author = {Bhandari, A and Kay, RF and Williams, BA and Tiwari, BN and Bajpai, S and Hieronymus, T},
Title = {Correction: First record of the Miocene hominoid
Sivapithecus from Kutch, Gujarat state, western
India.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {14},
Number = {5},
Pages = {e0217960},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217960},
Abstract = {[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206314.].},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0217960},
Key = {fds343706}
}
@misc{fds339574,
Author = {Kirk, EC and Williams, BA},
Title = {Corrigendum to "New adapiform primate of Old World
affinities from the Devil's Graveyard Formation of Texas" [J
Hum Evol 61 (2011) 156-168].},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {125},
Pages = {1},
Year = {2018},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.08.008},
Abstract = {© 2011 Elsevier Ltd Kirk and Williams (2011:157) erected
the genus Mescalerolemur, but on page 158 the new genus name
was misspelled due to a printer's error as
“Mescalolemur” in combination with the correct species
epithet “horneri”. The principle of First Reviewer does
not apply in this case (ICZN, 1999:Art. 24.2.5), as the
etymology section states that the name derives from
“Mescalero” (Kirk and Williams, 2011:158), and therefore
there is clear evidence in the original publication itself
that “Mescalolemur” is an incorrect spelling. It can be
therefore concluded that Mescalerolemur Kirk and Williams,
2011 is the correct original spelling and that
“Mescalolemur” is an incorrect original spelling,
unavailable from a nomenclatural viewpoint.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.08.008},
Key = {fds339574}
}
@article{fds341813,
Author = {Pampush, JD and Morse, PE and Chester, SGB and Spradley, JP and Williams, BA and Glander, KE and Teaford, MF and Kay,
RF},
Title = {Dental Topography and Food Processing in Wild-Caught Costa
Rican Alouatta},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {198-198},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds341813}
}
@misc{fds339741,
Author = {Bhandari, A and Kay, RF and Williams, BA and Tiwari, BN and Bajpai, S and Hieronymus, T},
Title = {First record of the Miocene hominoid Sivapithecus from
Kutch, Gujarat state, western India.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {13},
Number = {11},
Pages = {e0206314},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206314},
Abstract = {Hominoid remains from Miocene deposits in India and Pakistan
have played a pivotal role in understanding the evolution of
great apes and humans since they were first described in the
19th Century. We describe here a hominoid maxillary fragment
preserving the canine and cheek teeth collected in 2011 from
the Kutch (= Kachchh) basin in the Kutch district, Gujarat
state, western India. A basal Late Miocene age is proposed
based on the associated faunal assemblage that includes
Hipparion and other age-diagnostic mammalian taxa. Miocene
Hominoidea are known previously from several areas of the
Siwalik Group in the outer western Himalayas of India,
Pakistan, and Nepal. This is the first record of a hominoid
from the Neogene of the Kutch Basin and represents a
significant southern range extension of Miocene hominoids in
the Indian peninsula. The specimen is assigned to the Genus
Sivapithecus, species unspecified.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0206314},
Key = {fds339741}
}
@article{fds341814,
Author = {Kay, RF and Williams, BA},
Title = {Are there any African Platyrrhines?},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {162},
Pages = {239-240},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds341814}
}
@article{fds341815,
Author = {Yapuncich, GS and Williams, BA and Boyer, DM},
Title = {Phenetic Affinities of Teilhardina (Primates, Omomyidae)
from the Powder River Basin of Wyoming Reveal the First
Known Occurrences of Teilhardina brandti Outside the Bighorn
Basin},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {162},
Pages = {416-416},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds341815}
}
@article{fds341816,
Author = {Spradley, JP and Williams, BA and Kay, RF},
Title = {Environmental Variables Affecting Primate Species Richness
in the Neotropics},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {156},
Pages = {294-294},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds341816}
}
@article{fds223273,
Author = {J. P. Spradley and B.A. Williams and R.F.Kay},
Title = {Environmental variables affecting primate richness in the
neotropics},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthroplogy},
Year = {2014},
Key = {fds223273}
}
@misc{fds341817,
Author = {Patnaik, R and Milankumar Sharma and K and Mohan, L and Williams, BA and Kay, RF and Chatrath, P},
Title = {Additional Vertebrate Remains from the Early Miocene of
Kutch, Gujarat},
Journal = {Special Publication of the Paleontological Society of
India},
Volume = {5},
Pages = {335-351},
Year = {2014},
Key = {fds341817}
}
@misc{fds241398,
Author = {Williams, BA and Ross, CF and Frost, SR and Waddle, DM and Gabadirwe, M and Brook, GA},
Title = {Fossil papio cranium from !Ncumtsa (Koanaka) Hills, western
Ngamiland, Botswana.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {149},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-17},
Year = {2012},
Month = {September},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22639236},
Abstract = {Three fossils, a cranium of Papio, a cercopithecid frontal
bone, and a mandible of juvenile Papio, have been recovered
from cave deposits in the !Ncumtsa (Koanaka) Hills of
western Ngamiland, Botswana. These specimens are significant
because well-preserved crania of Papio are extremely rare in
the fossil record outside of South Africa and because this
is the first report of fossil primate cranial remains from
Botswana. Thermoluminescence dating of surrounding cave
matrix indicates an age of ≥317 ± 114 ka, within the
Middle Pleistocene, although it may be older. Based on
univariate and multivariate analyses, the adult !Ncumtsa
specimen falls within the range of variation seen in extant
forms of Papio, yet is distinct from any living
species/subspecies and represents a new taxon, named here as
a new subspecies of Papio hamadryas-Papio hamadryas
botswanae.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22093},
Key = {fds241398}
}
@misc{fds241401,
Author = {Williams, BA},
Title = {Effects of climate change on primate evolution in the
Cenozoic},
Journal = {Nature Education},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds241401}
}
@misc{fds241415,
Author = {Kirk, EC and Williams, BA},
Title = {New adapiform primate of Old World affinities from the
Devil's Graveyard Formation of Texas.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {61},
Number = {2},
Pages = {156-168},
Year = {2011},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248411000832},
Keywords = {Adapidae Cercamoniinae Eocene Mescalerolemur
Mahgarita},
Abstract = {Most adapiform primates from North America are members of an
endemic radiation of notharctines. North American
notharctines flourished during the Early and early Middle
Eocene, with only two genera persisting into the late Middle
Eocene. Here we describe a new genus of adapiform primate
from the Devil's Graveyard Formation of Texas.
Mescalerolemur horneri, gen. et sp. nov., is known only from
the late Middle Eocene (Uintan) Purple Bench locality.
Phylogenetic analyses reveal that Mescalerolemur is more
closely related to Eurasian and African adapiforms than to
North American notharctines. In this respect, M. horneri is
similar to its sister taxon Mahgarita stevensi from the late
Duchesnean of the Devil's Graveyard Formation. The presence
of both genera in the Big Bend region of Texas after
notharctines had become locally extinct provides further
evidence of faunal interchange between North America and
East Asia during the middle Eocene. The fact that
Mescalerolemur and Mahgarita are both unknown outside of
Texas also supports prior hypotheses that low-latitude
faunal assemblages in North America demonstrate increased
endemism by the late middle Eocene.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.02.014},
Key = {fds241415}
}
@article{fds202344,
Author = {E.C. Kirk and B.A. Williams},
Title = {Mescalerolemur horneri: A new adapiform primate from the
Middle Eocene of West Texas},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds202344}
}
@misc{fds241414,
Author = {Williams, BA and Kay, RF and Kirk, EC and Ross, CF},
Title = {Darwinius masillae is a strepsirrhine--a reply to Franzen et
al. (2009).},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {59},
Number = {5},
Pages = {567-573},
Year = {2010},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WJS-4YGHK8G-1&_user=38557&_coverDate=11%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=11&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_origin=browse&_zone=rslt_list_item&_srch=doc-info%28%23toc%236886%232010%23999409994%232534743%23FLA%23display%23Volume%29&_cdi=6886&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=16&_acct=C000004358&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=38557&md5=060deeb11c876c369b6dfbfc9f426fed&searchtype=a},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.01.003},
Key = {fds241414}
}
@misc{fds304466,
Author = {Williams, BA and Kay, RF and Kirk, EC},
Title = {New perspectives on anthropoid origins.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {107},
Number = {11},
Pages = {4797-4804},
Year = {2010},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20212104},
Abstract = {Adaptive shifts associated with human origins are brought to
light as we examine the human fossil record and study our
own genome and that of our closest ape relatives. However,
the more ancient roots of many human characteristics are
revealed through the study of a broader array of living
anthropoids and the increasingly dense fossil record of the
earliest anthropoid radiations. Genomic data and fossils of
early primates in Asia and Africa clarify relationships
among the major clades of primates. Progress in comparative
anatomy, genomics, and molecular biology point to key
changes in sensory ecology and brain organization that
ultimately set the stage for the emergence of the human
lineage.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0908320107},
Key = {fds304466}
}
@misc{fds241413,
Author = {Williams, BA and Kay, RF and Kirk, EC},
Title = {New Perspectives on Anthropoid Origins},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Science},
Volume = {107},
Number = {11},
Pages = {4794-4804},
Year = {2010},
url = {http://www.pnas.org/content/107/11/4797.full},
Keywords = {human evolution anthropoid origins},
Abstract = {Adaptive shifts associated with human origins are brought to
light as we examine the human fossil record and study our
own genome and that of our closest ape relatives. However,
the more ancient roots of many human characteristics are
revealed through the study of a broader array of living
anthropoids and the increasingly dense fossil record of the
earliest anthropoid radiations. Genomic data and fossils of
early primates in Asia and Africa clarify relationships
among the major clades of primates. Progress in comparative
anatomy, genomics, and molecular biology point to key
changes in sensory ecology and brain organization that
ultimately set the stage for the emergence of the human
lineage.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0908320107},
Key = {fds241413}
}
@misc{fds241412,
Author = {Simons, EL and Ankel-Simons, F and Chatrath, PS and Kay, RS and Williams, B and Fleagle, JG and Gebo, DL and Beard, CK and Dawson, M and Tattersall, I and Rose, KD},
Title = {Outrage at high price paid for a fossil.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {460},
Number = {7254},
Pages = {456},
Year = {2009},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/460456a},
Doi = {10.1038/460456a},
Key = {fds241412}
}
@misc{fds241395,
Author = {Kirk, EC and Williams, BA},
Title = {Phylogenetic relationships of late Uintan primates from the
Devil's Graveyard Formation, Texas.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {138},
Pages = {165-166},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000263442700430&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds241395}
}
@article{fds241411,
Author = {Williams, BA and Kirk, EC},
Title = {New Uintan primates from Texas and their implications for
North American patterns of species richness during the
Eocene.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {55},
Number = {6},
Pages = {927-941},
Year = {2008},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18835008},
Abstract = {New omomyid fossils from the Purple Bench locality of the
Devil's Graveyard Formation, middle Eocene (Uintan) of
southwest Texas, are described. One specimen represents a
new genus and species, herein named Diablomomys dalquesti.
This new species is allocated to the tribe Omomyini, sister
taxon to Omomys and Chumashius. A second specimen represents
a range extension of the Utah species Mytonius hopsoni to
the Trans-Pecos region of Texas. Previously, only one
omomyid species (Omomys carteri) had been documented from
Purple Bench and other late Uintan localities in the Devil's
Graveyard Formation. These new omomyid fossils are of
particular significance because Purple Bench is
stratigraphically intermediate between the older late
Bridgerian/early Uintan localities and the younger
Duchesnean localities of Trans-Pecos Texas. With a more
southerly location in the continental United States, the
Devil's Graveyard Formation amplifies our understanding of
patterns of North American primate richness at a time when
the higher-latitude sites of the western interior were
undergoing significant climatic cooling and increases in
seasonality with commensurate faunal reorganization.
Although the Uintan (approximately 46.5-40Ma) was a time in
which anaptomorphine richness decreased dramatically, the
results of this analysis suggest that Uintan omomyine
richness is higher than was previously appreciated,
particularly at lower latitudes.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.07.007},
Key = {fds241411}
}
@misc{fds241410,
Author = {Bajpai, S and Kay, RF and Williams, BA and Das, DP and Kapur, VV and Tiwari, BN},
Title = {The oldest Asian record of Anthropoidea.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {105},
Number = {32},
Pages = {11093-11098},
Year = {2008},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0804159105},
Abstract = {Undisputed anthropoids appear in the fossil record of Africa
and Asia by the middle Eocene, about 45 Ma. Here, we report
the discovery of an early Eocene eosimiid anthropoid primate
from India, named Anthrasimias, that extends the Asian
fossil record of anthropoids by 9-10 million years. A
phylogenetic analysis of 75 taxa and 343 characters of the
skull, postcranium, and dentition of Anthrasimias and living
and fossil primates indicates the basal placement of
Anthrasimias among eosimiids, confirms the anthropoid status
of Eosimiidae, and suggests that crown haplorhines (tarsiers
and monkeys) are the sister clade of Omomyoidea of the
Eocene, not nested within an omomyoid clade. Co-occurence of
Anthropoidea, Omomyoidea, and Adapoidea makes it evident
that peninsular India was an important center for the
diversification of primates of modern aspect (euprimates) in
the early Eocene. Adaptive reconstructions indicate that
early anthropoids were mouse-lemur-sized ( approximately 75
grams) and consumed a mixed diet of fruit and insects.
Eosimiids bear little adaptive resemblance to later
Eocene-early Oligocene African Anthropoidea.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0804159105},
Key = {fds241410}
}
@article{fds202310,
Author = {E.C. Kirk and B.A. Williams},
Title = {First Uintan specimens of Mahgarita (Primates, Adapiformes)
from the Devil’s Graveyard Formation, Texas},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {28},
Pages = {100A},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds202310}
}
@article{fds202311,
Author = {B.A. Williams and R.F.Kay, S. Bajpai and V.V. Kapur and D.P.
Das},
Title = {New Indian eosimiids: the oldest Asian record of
anthropoids},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {28},
Pages = {160},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds202311}
}
@article{fds202312,
Author = {B.A. Williams and R.F. Kay and S. Bajpai},
Title = {The oldest anthropoids: New specimens from the early Eocene
of India},
Journal = {Proceedings of the XXII Congress of the International
Primatological Society},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds202312}
}
@misc{fds241409,
Author = {Williams, BA},
Title = {Comparing levels of homoplasy in the primate
skeleton.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {52},
Number = {5},
Pages = {480-489},
Year = {2007},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17391731},
Abstract = {Hard-tissue morphological characters (bones and teeth) are a
primary source of information about the evolutionary history
of primates. These tissues are commonly found as isolated
elements in the fossil record and studied as three separate
partitions: the dentition, the cranium, and the postcranium.
The relative phylogenetic utility of characters from each
partition is often called into question with respect to
varying amounts of homoplasy. In this paper, the consistency
index (CI) was used to measure levels of homoplasy in each
data partition for a sample of fossil and living primates.
Sources of bias in the collection and treatment of data and
in the internal structure of the data set are addressed.
These biases include number of taxa, number of characters,
ordering of characters, amounts of polymorphically scored or
missing data, and character-state distribution. The results
of this study suggest that the levels of homoplasy are very
similar, though the postcranial data may be slightly less
homoplastic than either the dental or cranial
data.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.11.011},
Key = {fds241409}
}
@article{fds202313,
Author = {E.C. Kirk and B.A. Williams},
Title = {New specimens of Mytonius (Primates, Omomyoidea) from the
Devil’s Graveyard Formation, Texas},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {27},
Pages = {99A},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds202313}
}
@article{fds202314,
Author = {P.J. Lewis and B.A. Williams and A.M. Kennedy},
Title = {Analysis of a small mammal fauna from the !Ncumsta Hills,
western Ngamiland, Botswana},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {44},
Pages = {155},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds202314}
}
@article{fds202315,
Author = {B.A. Williams and E.C. Kirk},
Title = {New Uintan Primates from Texas and their implications for
North American patterns of richness during the
Eocene},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {26},
Pages = {139A},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds202315}
}
@misc{fds241396,
Author = {Kay, RF and Vizcaino, S and Tauber, AA and Bargo, MS and Williams, BA and Luna, C and Colbert, MW},
Title = {Three newly discovered skulls of Homunculus patagonicus
support its position as a stem platyrrhine and establish its
diurnal arboreal folivorous habits.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {127-127},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000227214900256&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds241396}
}
@misc{fds45296,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and Williams, B.A. and Ross, C.R. and Takai, M and Shigehara, N.},
Title = {Anthropoid Origins: a phylogenetic analysis},
Pages = {91-135},
Booktitle = {Anthropoid Origins: New Visions},
Publisher = {Kluwer/Plenum},
Address = {New York},
Editor = {C.F. Ross and R.F. Kay},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds45296}
}
@article{fds341818,
Author = {Perry, J and Wall, CE and Williams, BA},
Title = {THE ANATOMY OF THE MASTICATORY MUSCLES IN TWO STREPSIRRHINE
PRIMATES AND INFERENCE OF MUSCLE ATTACHMENT AREAS FROM
OSTEOLOGICAL MATERIAL},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY},
Volume = {23},
Pages = {86A-87A},
Publisher = {TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds341818}
}
@misc{fds45297,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and Williams, B.A. and Anaya, F.},
Title = {The adaptations of Branisella boliviana, the earliest South
American monkey},
Pages = {339-370},
Booktitle = {Reconstructing behavior in the fossil record},
Publisher = {Plenum},
Address = {New York},
Editor = {M. Plavcan and R. Kay and W. Jungers and C. van Shaik
Schaik},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds45297}
}
@article{fds202317,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and B.A. Williams and F. Anaya},
Title = {Branisella boliviana, the earliest South American monkey:
Documentation for an earlier adaptive radiation of
platyrrhines?},
Journal = {Congreso Internacional Evolución Neotropical del
Cenozoico},
Pages = {25},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds202317}
}
@article{fds202321,
Author = {B.A. Williams},
Title = {Reconstructing the dietary adaptations of omomyid primates
using homoplasy},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds202321}
}
@article{fds202322,
Author = {B.A. Williams},
Title = {Anthropoid Origins, using a cladistic analysis},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds202322}
}
@misc{fds241416,
Author = {Ross, C and Williams, B and Kay, RF},
Title = {Phylogenetic analysis of anthropoid relationships.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {35},
Number = {3},
Pages = {221-306},
Year = {1998},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhev.1998.0254},
Abstract = {The relationships of anthropoids to other primates are
currently debated, as are the relationships among early
fossil anthropoids and crown anthropoids. To resolve these
issues, data on 291 morphological characters were collected
for 57 taxa of living and fossil primates and analyzed using
PAUP and MacClade. The dental evidence provides weak support
for the notion of an adapid origin for anthropoids, the
cranial evidence supports the tarsier-anthropoid hypothesis,
and the postcranial evidence supports a monophyletic
Prosimii and a monophyletic Anthropoidea. Combining these
data into a single data set produces almost universal
support for a tarsier-anthropoid clade nested within
omomyids. Eosimias and Afrotarsius are certainly members of
this clade, and probably basal anthropoids, although the
Shanghuang petrosal may not belong to Eosimias. The tree
derived from the combined data set resembles the tree
derived from the cranial data set rather than the larger
dental data set. This may be attributable to relatively
slower evolution in the cranial characters. The combined
data set shows Anthropoidea to be monophyletic but the
features traditionally held to be anthropoid synapomorphies
are found to have evolved mosaically. Parapithecines are the
sister taxon to crown anthropoids; qatraniines and
oligopithecids are more distantly related sister taxa. There
is support for a relationship of a Tarsius + Anthropoidea
clade with either washakiines on Uintanius. These elements
of tree topology remain fairly stable under different
assumptions sets, but overall, tree topology is not robust.
Previously divergent hypotheses regarding anthropoid
relationships are attributable to the use of restricted data
sets. This large data set enables the adapid-anthropoid
hypothesis to be rejected, and unites Tarsius, Anthropoidea
and Omomyiformes within a clade, Haplorhini. However,
relationships among these three taxa cannot be convincingly
resolved at present.},
Doi = {10.1006/jhev.1998.0254},
Key = {fds241416}
}
@misc{fds241408,
Author = {Sánchez-Villagra, MR and Williams, BA},
Title = {Levels of homoplasy in the evolution of the mammalian
skeleton},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalian Evolution},
Volume = {5},
Number = {2},
Pages = {113-126},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1064-7554},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020549505177},
Abstract = {It is commonly believed that there are differences in the
evolutionary lability of the crania, dentition, and
postcrania of mammals, the latter two being more prone to
homoplasy because of strong selective pressures for feeding
and locomotion, respectively. Further, because of the
fragmentary nature of fossils, phylogenetic analyses of
extinct taxa often must utilize characters based on only one
of these systems. In this paper the levels of homoplasy (as
measured by the consistency index; CI) were compared in
characters based on these three anatomical systems in
therian mammals. No statistically significant differences
were found in the overall CIs of 41 data sets based on
dental, cranial, or postcranial characters. Differences in
homoplasy within data sets with two or three kinds of data
were not statistically significant. These findings suggest
that dental, cranial, and postcranial characters can be
equally prone to homoplasy and none should be automatically
dismissed, disregarded, or systematically weighted in
phylogenetic analyses. The level of homoplasy in characters
derived from a given region of the skeleton may differ
depending on the taxonomic level of the taxa considered.
Dental, cranial, and postcranial characters may not
constitute "natural" classes, yet examination of the
phylogenetic signal of these subsets of data previous to a
simultaneous analysis can shed light on significant aspects
of the evolutionary process. © 1998 Plenum Publishing
Corporation.},
Doi = {10.1023/A:1020549505177},
Key = {fds241408}
}
@article{fds202318,
Author = {B.A. Williams and D.M. Waddle and C.F. Ross and M.
Gabadirwe},
Title = {Discovery of new primate fossils from Bone Cave, Ngamiland,
Botswana},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {26},
Pages = {233},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds202318}
}
@article{fds202319,
Author = {E.C. Kirk and B.A. Williams},
Title = {Dental evidence for cheirogaleid affinities},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {26},
Pages = {139},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds202319}
}
@misc{fds241407,
Author = {Bloch, JI and Fisher, DC and Gingerich, PD and Gunnell, GF and Simons,
EL and Uhen, MD},
Title = {Cladistic analysis and anthropoid origins.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {278},
Number = {5346},
Pages = {2134-2136},
Publisher = {AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE},
Year = {1997},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1997YM23500056&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1126/science.278.5346.2134},
Key = {fds241407}
}
@misc{fds304465,
Author = {Kay, RF and Ross, C and Williams, BA},
Title = {Anthropoid origins.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {275},
Number = {5301},
Pages = {797-804},
Year = {1997},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9012340},
Abstract = {Recent fossil discoveries have greatly increased our
knowledge of the morphology and diversity of early
Anthropoidea, the suborder to which humans belong.
Phylogenetic analysis of Recent and fossil taxa supports the
hypotheses that a haplorhine-strepsirrhine dichotomy existed
at least at the time of the earliest record of fossil
primates (earliest Eocene) and that eosimiids (middle
Eocene, China) are primitive anthropoids. Functional
analysis suggests that stem haplorhines were small,
nocturnal, arboreal, visually oriented insectivore-frugivores
with a scurrying-leaping locomotion. A change from
nocturnality to diurnality was the fundamental adaptive
shift that occurred at the base of the tarsier-eosimiid-anthropoid
clade. Stem anthropoids remained small diurnal arborealists
but adopted locomotor patterns with more arboreal
quadrupedalism and less leaping. A shift to a more
herbivorous diet occurred in several anthropoid
lineages.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.275.5301.797},
Key = {fds304465}
}
@article{fds202320,
Author = {M. Sanchez-Villagra and B.A. Williams},
Title = {Levels of homoplasy in the evolution of the mammalian
skeleton},
Journal = {Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress of
Vertebrate Morphology},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds202320}
}
@misc{fds241405,
Author = {Kay, RF and Ross, CF and Williams, BA},
Title = {Rethinking anthropoid origins},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {275},
Number = {5301},
Pages = {797-804},
Year = {1997},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9012340},
Abstract = {Recent fossil discoveries have greatly increased our
knowledge of the morphology and diversity of early
Anthropoidea, the suborder to which humans belong.
Phylogenetic analysis of Recent and fossil taxa supports the
hypotheses that a haplorhine-strepsirrhine dichotomy existed
at least at the time of the earliest record of fossil
primates (earliest Eocene) and that eosimiids (middle
Eocene, China) are primitive anthropoids. Functional
analysis suggests that stem haplorhines were small,
nocturnal, arboreal, visually oriented insectivore-frugivores
with a scurrying-leaping locomotion. A change from
nocturnality to diurnality was the fundamental adaptive
shift that occurred at the base of the tarsier-eosimiid-anthropoid
clade. Stem anthropoids remained small diurnal arborealists
but adopted locomotor patterns with more arboreal
quadrupedalism and less leaping. A shift to a more
herbivorous diet occurred in several anthropoid
lineages.},
Key = {fds241405}
}
@misc{fds241406,
Author = {Robinson, P and Williams, BA},
Title = {Dental morphology of the early Eocene Hyopsodontid,
Haplomylus, from the Powder River Basin,
Wyoming},
Journal = {University of Wyoming Contributions to Geology},
Volume = {31},
Number = {2},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds241406}
}
@article{fds202323,
Author = {B.A. Williams},
Title = {Omomyid Primate Evolution},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds202323}
}
@misc{fds341819,
Author = {Williams, BA},
Title = {William H. Kimbel and Lawrence B. Martin (Eds.): Species,
species concepts, and primate evolution},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {15},
Number = {1},
Pages = {212-213},
Year = {1995},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1995.10011223},
Doi = {10.1080/02724634.1995.10011223},
Key = {fds341819}
}
@article{fds201137,
Author = {Williams, B.A. and Kay, R.},
Title = {Cladistics, Computers, and Character Analysis. Review of
MacClade Version 3, Analysis of Phylogeny and Character
Evolution},
Journal = {Evolutionary Anthropology},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {32-36},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds201137}
}
@article{fds202328,
Author = {R. F. Kay and B.A. Williams},
Title = {Recent finds of monkeys from the Oligocene/ Miocene of
Salla, Bolivia},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {20},
Pages = {124},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds202328}
}
@misc{fds241403,
Author = {Williams, BA and Covert, HH},
Title = {New early eocene anaptomorphine primate (Omomyidae) from the
Washakie Basin, Wyoming, with comments on the phylogeny and
paleobiology of anaptomorphines.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {93},
Number = {3},
Pages = {323-340},
Year = {1994},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330930305},
Abstract = {Recent paleontological collecting in the Washakie Basin,
southcentral Wyoming, has resulted in the recovery of over
100 specimens of omomyid primates from the lower Eocene
Wasatch Formation. Much of what is known about
anaptomorphine omomyids is based upon work in the Bighorn
and Wind River Basins of Wyoming. This new sample documents
greater taxonomic diversity of omomyids during the early
Eocene and contributes to our understanding of the phylogeny
and adaptations of some of these earliest North American
primates. A new middle Wasatchian (Lysitean) anaptomorphine,
Anemorhysis savagei, n. sp., is structurally intermediate
between Teilhardina americana and other species of
Anemorhysis and may be a sister group of other Anemorhysis
and Trogolemur. Body size estimates for Anemorhysis,
Tetonoides, Trogolemur, and Teilhardina americana indicate
that these animals were extremely small, probably less than
50 grams. Analysis of relative shearing potential of lower
molars of these taxa indicates that some were primarily
insectivorous, some primarily frugivorous, and some may have
been more mixed feeders. Anaptomorphines did not develop the
extremes of molar specialization for frugivory or
insectivory seen in extant prosimians. Incisor enlargement
does not appear to be associated with specialization in
either fruits or insects but may have been an adaptation for
specialized grooming or food manipulation.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330930305},
Key = {fds241403}
}
@misc{fds241404,
Author = {Williams, BA and Kay, RF},
Title = {The taxon anthropoidea and the crown clade
concept},
Journal = {Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and
Reviews},
Volume = {3},
Number = {6},
Pages = {188-190},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1994},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.1360030603},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.1360030603},
Key = {fds241404}
}
@misc{fds187857,
Author = {Covert, H. and Williams, B.A.},
Title = {Recently recovered North American Eocene omomyids and
adapids and their bearing on debates about anthropoid
origins},
Pages = {29-54},
Booktitle = {Anthropoid Origins: the fossil evidence},
Publisher = {Plenum Press},
Address = {New York},
Editor = {J. Fleagle and R. Kay},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds187857}
}
@misc{fds187858,
Author = {Kay, R.F. and Williams, B.A.},
Title = {Dental evidence for anthropoid origins},
Pages = {361-446},
Booktitle = {Anthropoid Origins: the fossil evidence},
Publisher = {Plenum Press},
Address = {New York},
Editor = {J. Fleagle and R. Kay},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds187858}
}
@article{fds202329,
Author = {B.A. Williams},
Title = {Phylogeny of the Primate Family Omomyidae: A cladistic
analysis "backboned" with stratigraphy},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {13},
Pages = {207-208},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds202329}
}
@article{fds202330,
Author = {B.A. Williams},
Title = {Incisor morphology of omomyid primates: implications for
phylogeny and adaptation},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {18},
Pages = {207-208},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds202330}
}
@article{fds202331,
Author = {B.A. Williams},
Title = {Sandcouleean omomyids from the Powder River Basin,
Wyoming},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Pages = {208},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds202331}
}
@article{fds202332,
Author = {D. Hobbs and B.A. Williams and H.H. Covert},
Title = {Middle Wasatchian primatomorphs from the Washakie Basin of
Wyoming},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Pages = {109},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds202332}
}
@article{fds202324,
Author = {H.H. Covert and B.A. Williams},
Title = {Newly recovered North American Eocene omomyids and adapids
and their bearing on debates about anthropoid
origins},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds202324}
}
@article{fds202325,
Author = {R. F. Kay and B.A. Williams},
Title = {Dental evidence for anthropoid origins},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds202325}
}
@article{fds202326,
Author = {B.A. Williams and R.F. Kay},
Title = {Phylogenetic analysis of Eocene primates suggests Omomyidae
is not a monophyletic group},
Journal = {XIVth Congress of the International Primatological Society,
Strasbourg, France},
Pages = {286},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds202326}
}
@article{fds202327,
Author = {B.A. Williams and H.H. Covert},
Title = {Primate diversity in the early Eocene of the Washakie Basin,
Wyoming},
Journal = {XIVth Congress of the International Primatological Society,
Strasbourg, France},
Pages = {287},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds202327}
}
@article{fds202333,
Author = {R.F.Kay, B.A. Williams},
Title = {Dental evidence for anthropoid origins},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {14},
Pages = {98},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds202333}
}
@article{fds202334,
Author = {B.A. Williams and H.H. Covert},
Title = {A new species of Anemorhysis from the Washakie Basin,
Wyoming},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {14},
Pages = {173},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds202334}
}
@article{fds202335,
Author = {H.H. Covert and B.A. Williams},
Title = {New specimens of Anemorhysis pearcei from early Eocene
deposits of the Washakie Basin, Wyoming},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {12},
Pages = {62},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds202335}
}
@article{fds202336,
Author = {B.A. Williams and D.Ayers-Darling, H.H. Covert},
Title = {New specimens of Arapahovius gazini from early Eocene
deposits of the Washakie Basin,Wyoming},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {12},
Pages = {184},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds202336}
}
@misc{fds241402,
Author = {Covert, HH and Williams, BA},
Title = {The anterior lower dentition of Washakius insignis and
adapid-anthropoidean affinities},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {21},
Number = {6},
Pages = {463-467},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1991},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WJS-4F1J80W-8F&_user=38557&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F1991&_rdoc=5&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_origin=browse&_zone=rslt_list_item&_srch=doc-info%28%23toc%236886%231991%23999789993%23542559%23FLP%23display%23Volume%29&_cdi=6886&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=14&_acct=C000004358&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=38557&md5=056f81b555cea9186673c1190fa5a4a0&searchtype=a},
Doi = {10.1016/0047-2484(91)90096-E},
Key = {fds241402}
}
@article{fds202337,
Author = {B.A. Williams},
Title = {A new early Wasatchian mammalian fauna from the Washakie
Basin, Wyoming},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {10},
Pages = {49A},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds202337}
}
@article{fds202338,
Author = {B.A. Williams},
Title = {An unusual new early Eocene (Lower Graybull) primate fauna
from the Washakie Basin, Wyoming},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {81},
Pages = {317},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds202338}
}
@article{fds202339,
Author = {P. Robinson and B.A. (Williams) Carlson},
Title = {Dental morphology of the early Eocene Hyopsodontid,
Haplomylus, from the Powder River Basin,
Wyoming},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {9},
Pages = {36A},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds202339}
}
@article{fds202340,
Author = {H. H. Covert and M. Hamrick and B.A. (Williams)
Carlson},
Title = {New erinaceomorph insectivores from the Washakie Basin,
Wyoming},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds202340}
}
@article{fds202341,
Author = {H. H. Covert and B.A. (Williams) Carlson},
Title = {Early Eocene anaptomorphine primates from the Washakie
Basin, Wyoming},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {78},
Pages = {207},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds202341}
}
@article{fds202342,
Author = {H.H. Covert and B.A. (Williams) Carlson},
Title = {The Adapidae-Omomyidae paradox revisited},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {75},
Pages = {199},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds202342}
}
%% Woods, Vanessa
@book{fds204799,
Author = {B. Hare and V. Woods},
Title = {The Genius of Dogs},
Publisher = {Dutton},
Address = {New York},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds204799}
}
@article{fds290833,
Author = {Woods, V and Hare, B},
Title = {Bonobo but not chimpanzee infants use socio-sexual contact
with peers.},
Journal = {Primates; journal of primatology},
Volume = {52},
Number = {2},
Pages = {111-116},
Year = {2011},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21127940},
Abstract = {Bonobos have been observed to use socio-sexual behavior at
higher frequency than chimpanzees. Little is known about the
developmental influences that shape this behavior in
bonobos. We compared the social sexual behavior of wild-born
bonobo (n = 8) and chimpanzee (n = 16) infants in an
experimental feeding test. Subjects of both species were
orphans of the bushmeat trade living at sanctuaries in peer
groups. During the experiment, chimpanzee infants never had
socio-sexual interactions with one another. In contrast,
bonobo infants had socio-sexual interactions significantly
more than the chimpanzee infants and more often when food
was presented. During these socio-sexual interactions,
bonobo infants did not show a preference for heterosexual
partners or genital-genital positioning that is reproductive
in adults (e.g. a dorso-ventral posture). These findings
suggest that the socio-sexual behavior previously observed
in various captive and wild bonobos is species-typical.
Wild-born bonobos originating from a large geographical
range develop this behavior long before puberty and without
the need for adults initiating such behavior or acting as
models for observational learning. Meanwhile, chimpanzee
infants of the same age with similar rearing history show no
signs of the same socio-sexual behavior. Results are
interpreted regarding hypotheses for the evolution of bonobo
psychology.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10329-010-0229-z},
Key = {fds290833}
}
@book{fds204795,
Author = {V. Woods},
Title = {Bonobo Handshake},
Publisher = {Gotham},
Address = {New York},
Year = {2010},
url = {http://www.bonobohandshake.com},
Key = {fds204795}
}
@book{fds204798,
Author = {V. Woods and H. Catchpole},
Title = {It's True: Pirates Ate Rats},
Address = {Sydney, Australia},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds204798}
}
@article{fds290834,
Author = {Woods, V and Hare, B},
Title = {Think outside the lab: sanctuaries are the future of
research on captive great apes},
Journal = {Encyclopaedia of Animal Behaviour and Welfar},
Volume = {In press},
Year = {2008},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds290834}
}
@book{fds204797,
Author = {V. Woods and H. Catchpole},
Title = {It's True: Space Turns You into Spaghetti},
Publisher = {Allen& Unwin},
Address = {Sydney, Australia},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds204797}
}
@article{fds290835,
Author = {Hare, B and Melis, AP and Woods, V and Hastings, S and Wrangham,
R},
Title = {Tolerance allows bonobos to outperform chimpanzees on a
cooperative task.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {17},
Number = {7},
Pages = {619-623},
Year = {2007},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0960-9822},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.02.040},
Abstract = {To understand constraints on the evolution of cooperation,
we compared the ability of bonobos and chimpanzees to
cooperatively solve a food-retrieval problem. We addressed
two hypotheses. The "emotional-reactivity hypothesis"
predicts that bonobos will cooperate more successfully
because tolerance levels are higher in bonobos. This
prediction is inspired by studies of domesticated animals;
such studies suggest that selection on emotional reactivity
can influence the ability to solve social problems [1, 2].
In contrast, the "hunting hypothesis" predicts that
chimpanzees will cooperate more successfully because only
chimpanzees have been reported to cooperatively hunt in the
wild [3-5]. We indexed emotional reactivity by measuring
social tolerance while the animals were cofeeding and found
that bonobos were more tolerant of cofeeding than
chimpanzees. In addition, during cofeeding tests only
bonobos exhibited socio-sexual behavior, and they played
more. When presented with a task of retrieving food that was
difficult to monopolize, bonobos and chimpanzees were
equally cooperative. However, when the food reward was
highly monopolizable, bonobos were more successful than
chimpanzees at cooperating to retrieve it. These results
support the emotional-reactivity hypothesis. Selection on
temperament may in part explain the variance in cooperative
ability across species, including hominoids.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2007.02.040},
Key = {fds290835}
}
@book{fds204796,
Author = {V. Woods and H. Catchpole},
Title = {It's True: There are bugs in your bed},
Publisher = {Allen& Unwin},
Address = {Sydney, Australia},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds204796}
}
%% Workman, Catherine C.
@article{fds168869,
Author = {C Workman},
Title = {Diet of the Delacour’s langur (Trachypithecus delacouri)
in Van Long Nature Reserve, Vietnam},
Journal = {Am J Primatol},
Year = {2010},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds168869}
}
@article{fds163740,
Author = {C.C. Workman},
Title = {C Workman, Le Van Dung The chemistry of eaten and uneaten
leaves by Delacour’s langurs (Trachypithecus delacouri) in
Van Long Nature Reserve, Vietnam},
Journal = {Viet J Primatol},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {29-36},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds163740}
}
@article{fds46859,
Author = {C Workman and HH Covert},
Title = {Learning the ropes: the ontogeny of locomotion in
red-shanked douc (Pygathrix nemaeus), Delacour's
(Trachypithecus delacouri) and Hatinh (Trachypithecus laotum
hatinhensis) langurs. I. Positional behavior.},
Journal = {Am J Phys Anthropol},
Volume = {128},
Number = {2},
Pages = {371-380},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds46859}
}
@article{fds46860,
Author = {C Workman},
Title = {Primate conservation in Vietnam: toward a holistic
environmental narrative},
Journal = {American Anthropologist},
Volume = {106},
Number = {2},
Pages = {346-352},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds46860}
}
%% Wray, Gregory A.
@article{fds375316,
Author = {Gartner, V and Redelings, BD and Gaither, C and Parr, JB and Kalonji, A and Phanzu, F and Brazeau, NF and Juliano, JJ and Wray,
GA},
Title = {Genomic insights into Plasmodium vivax population structure
and diversity in central Africa.},
Journal = {Malaria journal},
Volume = {23},
Number = {1},
Pages = {27},
Year = {2024},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-024-04852-y},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Though Plasmodium vivax is the second
most common malaria species to infect humans, it has not
traditionally been considered a major human health concern
in central Africa given the high prevalence of the human
Duffy-negative phenotype that is believed to prevent
infection. Increasing reports of asymptomatic and
symptomatic infections in Duffy-negative individuals
throughout Africa raise the possibility that P. vivax is
evolving to evade host resistance, but there are few
parasite samples with genomic data available from this part
of the world.<h4>Methods</h4>Whole genome sequencing of one
new P. vivax isolate from the Democratic Republic of the
Congo (DRC) was performed and used in population genomics
analyses to assess how this central African isolate fits
into the global context of this species.<h4>Results</h4>Plasmodium
vivax from DRC is similar to other African populations and
is not closely related to the non-human primate parasite P.
vivax-like. Evidence is found for a duplication of the gene
PvDBP and a single copy of PvDBP2.<h4>Conclusion</h4>These
results suggest an endemic P. vivax population is present in
central Africa. Intentional sampling of P. vivax across
Africa would further contextualize this sample within
African P. vivax diversity and shed light on the mechanisms
of infection in Duffy negative individuals. These results
are limited by the uncertainty of how representative this
single sample is of the larger population of P. vivax in
central Africa.},
Doi = {10.1186/s12936-024-04852-y},
Key = {fds375316}
}
@article{fds373351,
Author = {Devens, HR and Davidson, PL and Byrne, M and Wray,
GA},
Title = {Hybrid Epigenomes Reveal Extensive Local Genetic Changes to
Chromatin Accessibility Contribute to Divergence in
Embryonic Gene Expression Between Species.},
Journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
Volume = {40},
Number = {11},
Pages = {msad222},
Year = {2023},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msad222},
Abstract = {Chromatin accessibility plays an important role in shaping
gene expression, yet little is known about the genetic and
molecular mechanisms that influence the evolution of
chromatin configuration. Both local (cis) and distant
(trans) genetic influences can in principle influence
chromatin accessibility and are based on distinct molecular
mechanisms. We, therefore, sought to characterize the role
that each of these plays in altering chromatin accessibility
in 2 closely related sea urchin species. Using hybrids of
Heliocidaris erythrogramma and Heliocidaris tuberculata, and
adapting a statistical framework previously developed for
the analysis of cis and trans influences on the
transcriptome, we examined how these mechanisms shape the
regulatory landscape at 3 important developmental stages,
and compared our results to similar analyses of the
transcriptome. We found extensive cis- and trans-based
influences on evolutionary changes in chromatin, with cis
effects generally larger in effect. Evolutionary changes in
accessibility and gene expression are correlated, especially
when expression has a local genetic basis. Maternal
influences appear to have more of an effect on chromatin
accessibility than on gene expression, persisting well past
the maternal-to-zygotic transition. Chromatin accessibility
near gene regulatory network genes appears to be distinctly
regulated, with trans factors appearing to play an outsized
role in the configuration of chromatin near these genes.
Together, our results represent the first attempt to
quantify cis and trans influences on evolutionary divergence
in chromatin configuration in an outbred natural study
system and suggest that chromatin regulation is more
genetically complex than was previously appreciated.},
Doi = {10.1093/molbev/msad222},
Key = {fds373351}
}
@article{fds371103,
Author = {Davidson, PL and Lessios, HA and Wray, GA and McMillan, WO and Prada,
C},
Title = {Near-Chromosomal-Level Genome Assembly of the Sea Urchin
Echinometra lucunter, a Model for Speciation in the
Sea.},
Journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
Volume = {15},
Number = {6},
Pages = {evad093},
Year = {2023},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evad093},
Abstract = {Echinometra lucunter, the rock-boring sea urchin, is a
widely distributed echinoid and a model for ecological
studies of reproduction, responses to climate change, and
speciation. We present a near chromosome-level genome
assembly of E. lucunter, including 21 scaffolds larger than
10 Mb predicted to represent each of the chromosomes of the
species. The 760.4 Mb assembly includes a scaffold N50 of
30.0 Mb and BUSCO (benchmarking universal single-copy
orthologue) single copy and a duplicated score of 95.8% and
1.4%, respectively. Ab-initio gene model prediction and
annotation with transcriptomic data constructed 33,989 gene
models composing 50.4% of the assembly, including 37,036
transcripts. Repetitive elements make up approximately 39.6%
of the assembly, and unresolved gap sequences are estimated
to be 0.65%. Whole genome alignment with Echinometra sp. EZ
revealed high synteny and conservation between the two
species, further bolstering Echinometra as an emerging genus
for comparative genomics studies. This genome assembly
represents a high-quality genomic resource for future
evolutionary and developmental studies of this species and
more broadly of echinoderms.},
Doi = {10.1093/gbe/evad093},
Key = {fds371103}
}
@article{fds371409,
Author = {Massri, AJ and McDonald, B and Wray, GA and McClay,
DR},
Title = {Feedback circuits are numerous in embryonic gene regulatory
networks and offer a stabilizing influence on evolution of
those networks.},
Journal = {EvoDevo},
Volume = {14},
Number = {1},
Pages = {10},
Year = {2023},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13227-023-00214-y},
Abstract = {The developmental gene regulatory networks (dGRNs) of two
sea urchin species, Lytechinus variegatus (Lv) and
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Sp), have remained remarkably
similar despite about 50 million years since a common
ancestor. Hundreds of parallel experimental perturbations of
transcription factors with similar outcomes support this
conclusion. A recent scRNA-seq analysis suggested that the
earliest expression of several genes within the dGRNs
differs between Lv and Sp. Here, we present a careful
reanalysis of the dGRNs in these two species, paying close
attention to timing of first expression. We find that
initial expression of genes critical for cell fate
specification occurs during several compressed time periods
in both species. Previously unrecognized feedback circuits
are inferred from the temporally corrected dGRNs. Although
many of these feedbacks differ in location within the
respective GRNs, the overall number is similar between
species. We identify several prominent differences in timing
of first expression for key developmental regulatory genes;
comparison with a third species indicates that these
heterochronies likely originated in an unbiased manner with
respect to embryonic cell lineage and evolutionary branch.
Together, these results suggest that interactions can evolve
even within highly conserved dGRNs and that feedback
circuits may buffer the effects of heterochronies in the
expression of key regulatory genes.},
Doi = {10.1186/s13227-023-00214-y},
Key = {fds371409}
}
@article{fds369829,
Author = {Xing, L and Wang, L and Roos, F and Lee, M and Wray,
GA},
Title = {CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Disruption of Endo16 Cis-Regulatory
Elements in Sea Urchin Embryos},
Journal = {Fishes},
Volume = {8},
Number = {2},
Year = {2023},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes8020118},
Abstract = {Sea urchins have become significant mariculture species
globally, and also serve as invertebrate model organisms in
developmental biology. Cis-regulatory elements (enhancers)
control development and physiology by regulating gene
expression. Mutations that affect the function of these
sequences may contribute to phenotypic diversity.
Cis-regulatory targets offer new breeding potential for the
future. Here, we use the CRISPR/Cas9 system to disrupt an
enhancer of Endo16 in developing Lytechinus variegatus
embryos, in consideration of the thorough research on
Endo16’s regulatory region. We designed six gRNAs against
Endo16 Module A (the most proximal region of regulatory
sequences, which activates transcription in the vegetal
plate and archenteron, specifically) and discovered that
Endo16 Module A-disrupted embryos failed to undergo
gastrulation at 20 h post fertilization. This result partly
phenocopies morpholino knockdowns of Endo16. Moreover, we
conducted qPCR and clone sequencing experiments to verify
these results. Although mutations were not found regularly
from sequencing affected individuals, we discuss some
potential causes. In conclusion, our study provides a
feasible and informative method for studying the function of
cis-regulatory elements in sea urchins, and contributes to
echinoderm precision breeding technology innovation and
aquaculture industry development.},
Doi = {10.3390/fishes8020118},
Key = {fds369829}
}
@article{fds373652,
Author = {Devens, HR and Davidson, PL and Byrne, M and Wray,
GA},
Title = {Hybrid epigenomes reveal extensive local genetic changes to
chromatin accessibility contribute to divergence in
embryonic gene expression between species.},
Journal = {bioRxiv},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.04.522781},
Abstract = {Chromatin accessibility plays an important role in shaping
gene expression patterns across development and evolution;
however, little is known about the genetic and molecular
mechanisms that influence chromatin configuration itself.
Because cis and trans influences can both theoretically
influence the accessibility of the epigenome, we sought to
better characterize the role that both of these mechanisms
play in altering chromatin accessibility in two closely
related sea urchin species. Using hybrids of the two
species, and adapting a statistical framework previously
developed for the analysis of cis and trans influences on
the transcriptome, we examined how these mechanisms shape
the regulatory landscape at three important developmental
stages, and compared our results to similar patterns in the
transcriptome. We found extensive cis- and trans-based
influences on evolutionary changes in chromatin, with cis
effects slightly more numerous and larger in effect. Genetic
mechanisms influencing gene expression and chromatin
configuration are correlated, but differ in several
important ways. Maternal influences also appear to have more
of an effect on chromatin accessibility than on gene
expression, persisting well past the maternal-to-zygotic
transition. Furthermore, chromatin accessibility near GRN
genes appears to be regulated differently than the rest of
the epigenome, and indicates that trans factors may play an
outsized role in the configuration of chromatin near these
genes. Together, our results represent the first attempt to
quantify cis and trans influences on evolutionary divergence
in chromatin configuration in an outbred natural study
system, and suggest that the regulation of chromatin is more
genetically complex than was previously appreciated.},
Doi = {10.1101/2023.01.04.522781},
Key = {fds373652}
}
@article{fds367314,
Author = {Davidson, PL and Guo, H and Swart, JS and Massri, AJ and Edgar, A and Wang,
L and Berrio, A and Devens, HR and Koop, D and Cisternas, P and Zhang, H and Zhang, Y and Byrne, M and Fan, G and Wray, GA},
Title = {Recent reconfiguration of an ancient developmental gene
regulatory network in Heliocidaris sea urchins.},
Journal = {Nature ecology & evolution},
Volume = {6},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1907-1920},
Year = {2022},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-022-01906-9},
Abstract = {Changes in developmental gene regulatory networks (dGRNs)
underlie much of the diversity of life, but the evolutionary
mechanisms that operate on regulatory interactions remain
poorly understood. Closely related species with extreme
phenotypic divergence provide a valuable window into the
genetic and molecular basis for changes in dGRNs and their
relationship to adaptive changes in organismal traits. Here
we analyse genomes, epigenomes and transcriptomes during
early development in two Heliocidaris sea urchin species
that exhibit highly divergent life histories and in an
outgroup species. Positive selection and chromatin
accessibility modifications within putative regulatory
elements are enriched on the branch leading to the derived
life history, particularly near dGRN genes. Single-cell
transcriptomes reveal a dramatic delay in cell fate
specification in the derived state, which also has far fewer
open chromatin regions, especially near conserved cell fate
specification genes. Experimentally perturbing key
transcription factors reveals profound evolutionary changes
to early embryonic patterning events, disrupting regulatory
interactions previously conserved for ~225 million years.
These results demonstrate that natural selection can rapidly
reshape developmental gene expression on a broad scale when
selective regimes abruptly change. More broadly, even highly
conserved dGRNs and patterning mechanisms in the early
embryo remain evolvable under appropriate ecological
circumstances.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41559-022-01906-9},
Key = {fds367314}
}
@article{fds366649,
Author = {Ketchum, RN and Davidson, PL and Smith, EG and Wray, GA and Burt, JA and Ryan, JF and Reitzel, AM},
Title = {A Chromosome-level Genome Assembly of the Highly
Heterozygous Sea Urchin Echinometra sp. EZ Reveals
Adaptation in the Regulatory Regions of Stress Response
Genes.},
Journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
Volume = {14},
Number = {10},
Pages = {evac144},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Editor = {O’Neill, R},
Year = {2022},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evac144},
Abstract = {Echinometra is the most widespread genus of sea urchin and
has been the focus of a wide range of studies in ecology,
speciation, and reproduction. However, available genetic
data for this genus are generally limited to a few select
loci. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly
based on 10x Genomics, PacBio, and Hi-C sequencing for
Echinometra sp. EZ from the Persian/Arabian Gulf. The genome
is assembled into 210 scaffolds totaling 817.8 Mb with an
N50 of 39.5 Mb. From this assembly, we determined that the
E. sp. EZ genome consists of 2n = 42 chromosomes. BUSCO
analysis showed that 95.3% of BUSCO genes were complete. Ab
initio and transcript-informed gene modeling and annotation
identified 29,405 genes, including a conserved Hox cluster.
E. sp. EZ can be found in high-temperature and high-salinity
environments, and we therefore compared E. sp. EZ gene
families and transcription factors associated with
environmental stress response ("defensome") with other
echinoid species with similar high-quality genomic
resources. While the number of defensome genes was broadly
similar for all species, we identified strong signatures of
positive selection in E. sp. EZ noncoding elements near
genes involved in environmental response pathways as well as
losses of transcription factors important for environmental
response. These data provide key insights into the biology
of E. sp. EZ as well as the diversification of Echinometra
more widely and will serve as a useful tool for the
community to explore questions in this taxonomic group and
beyond.},
Doi = {10.1093/gbe/evac144},
Key = {fds366649}
}
@article{fds365219,
Author = {Davidson, PL and Byrne, M and Wray, GA},
Title = {Evolutionary Changes in the Chromatin Landscape Contribute
to Reorganization of a Developmental Gene Network During
Rapid Life History Evolution in Sea Urchins.},
Journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
Volume = {39},
Number = {9},
Pages = {msac172},
Year = {2022},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msac172},
Abstract = {Chromatin configuration is highly dynamic during embryonic
development in animals, exerting an important point of
control in transcriptional regulation. Yet there exists
remarkably little information about the role of evolutionary
changes in chromatin configuration to the evolution of gene
expression and organismal traits. Genome-wide assays of
chromatin configuration, coupled with whole-genome
alignments, can help address this gap in knowledge in
several ways. In this study we present a comparative
analysis of regulatory element sequences and accessibility
throughout embryogenesis in three sea urchin species with
divergent life histories: a lecithotroph Heliocidaris
erythrogramma, a closely related planktotroph H.
tuberculata, and a distantly related planktotroph Lytechinus
variegatus. We identified distinct epigenetic and mutational
signatures of evolutionary modifications to the function of
putative cis-regulatory elements in H. erythrogramma that
have accumulated nonuniformly throughout the genome,
suggesting selection, rather than drift, underlies many
modifications associated with the derived life history.
Specifically, regulatory elements composing the sea urchin
developmental gene regulatory network are enriched for
signatures of positive selection and accessibility changes
which may function to alter binding affinity and access of
developmental transcription factors to these sites.
Furthermore, regulatory element changes often correlate with
divergent expression patterns of genes involved in cell type
specification, morphogenesis, and development of other
derived traits, suggesting these evolutionary modifications
have been consequential for phenotypic evolution in H.
erythrogramma. Collectively, our results demonstrate that
selective pressures imposed by changes in developmental life
history rapidly reshape the cis-regulatory landscape of core
developmental genes to generate novel traits and embryonic
programs.},
Doi = {10.1093/molbev/msac172},
Key = {fds365219}
}
@article{fds360650,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {Extreme phenotypic divergence and the evolution of
development.},
Volume = {146},
Pages = {79-112},
Booktitle = {Current Topics in Developmental Biology},
Year = {2022},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.ctdb.2021.10.004},
Abstract = {As analyses of developmental mechanisms extend to ever more
species, it becomes important to understand not just what is
conserved or altered during evolution, but why. Closely
related species that exhibit extreme phenotypic divergence
can be uniquely informative in this regard. A case in point
is the sea urchin genus Heliocidaris, which contains species
that recently evolved a life history involving nonfeeding
larvae following nearly half a billion years of prior
evolution with feeding larvae. The resulting shift in
selective regimes produced rapid and surprisingly extensive
changes in developmental mechanisms that are otherwise
highly conserved among echinoderm species. The magnitude and
extent of these changes challenges the notion that
conservation of early development in echinoderms is largely
due to internal constraints that prohibit modification and
instead suggests that natural selection actively maintains
stability of inherently malleable trait developmental
mechanisms over immense time periods. Knowing how and why
natural selection changed during the evolution of nonfeeding
larvae can also reveal why developmental mechanisms do and
do not change in particular ways.},
Doi = {10.1016/bs.ctdb.2021.10.004},
Key = {fds360650}
}
@article{fds368494,
Author = {Gartner, V and Redelings, B and Gaither, C and Parr, J and Kalonji, A and Phanzu, F and Brazeau, N and Juliano, J and Wray,
G},
Title = {Genomic insights intoPlasmodium vivaxpopulation
structure and diversity in central Africa},
Booktitle = {bioRxiv},
Year = {2022},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2022.12.16.520826},
Doi = {10.1101/2022.12.16.520826},
Key = {fds368494}
}
@article{fds355594,
Author = {Byrne, M and Koop, D and Strbenac, D and Cisternas, P and Yang, JYH and Davidson, PL and Wray, G},
Title = {Transcriptomic analysis of Nodal - and BMP- associated genes
during development to the juvenile seastar in Parvulastra
exigua (Asterinidae).},
Journal = {Marine genomics},
Volume = {59},
Pages = {100857},
Year = {2021},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margen.2021.100857},
Abstract = {The molecular mechanisms underlying development of the
pentameral body of adult echinoderms are poorly understood
but are important to solve with respect to evolution of a
unique body plan that contrasts with the bilateral body plan
of other deuterostomes. As Nodal and BMP2/4 signalling is
involved in axis formation in larvae and development of the
echinoderm body plan, we used the developmental
transcriptome generated for the asterinid seastar
Parvulastra exigua to investigate the temporal expression
patterns of Nodal and BMP2/4 genes from the embryo and
across metamorphosis to the juvenile. For echinoderms, the
Asteroidea represents the basal-type body architecture with
a distinct (separated) ray structure. Parvulastra exigua has
lecithotrophic development forming the juvenile soon after
gastrulation providing ready access to the developing adult
stage. We identified 39 genes associated with the Nodal and
BMP2/4 network in the P. exigua developmental transcriptome.
Clustering analysis of these genes resulted in 6 clusters
with similar temporal expression patterns across
development. A co-expression analysis revealed genes that
have similar expression profiles as Nodal and BMP2/4. These
results indicated genes that may have a regulatory
relationship in patterning morphogenesis of the juvenile
seastar. Developmental RNA-seq analyses of Parvulastra
exigua show changes in Nodal and BMP2/4 signalling genes
across the metamorphic transition. We provide the foundation
for detailed analyses of this cascade in the evolution of
the unusual pentameral echinoderm body and its deuterostome
affinities.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.margen.2021.100857},
Key = {fds355594}
}
@article{fds359335,
Author = {Massri, AJ and Greenstreet, L and Afanassiev, A and Berrio, A and Wray,
GA and Schiebinger, G and McClay, DR},
Title = {Developmental single-cell transcriptomics in the Lytechinus
variegatus sea urchin embryo.},
Journal = {Development (Cambridge, England)},
Volume = {148},
Number = {19},
Pages = {dev198614},
Year = {2021},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.198614},
Abstract = {Using scRNA-seq coupled with computational approaches, we
studied transcriptional changes in cell states of sea urchin
embryos during development to the larval stage. Eighteen
closely spaced time points were taken during the first
24 h of development of Lytechinus variegatus (Lv).
Developmental trajectories were constructed using
Waddington-OT, a computational approach to 'stitch' together
developmental time points. Skeletogenic and primordial germ
cell trajectories diverged early in cleavage. Ectodermal
progenitors were distinct from other lineages by the 6th
cleavage, although a small percentage of ectoderm cells
briefly co-expressed endoderm markers that indicated an
early ecto-endoderm cell state, likely in cells originating
from the equatorial region of the egg. Endomesoderm cells
also originated at the 6th cleavage and this state persisted
for more than two cleavages, then diverged into distinct
endoderm and mesoderm fates asynchronously, with some cells
retaining an intermediate specification status until
gastrulation. Seventy-nine out of 80 genes (99%) examined,
and included in published developmental gene regulatory
networks (dGRNs), are present in the Lv-scRNA-seq dataset
and are expressed in the correct lineages in which the dGRN
circuits operate.},
Doi = {10.1242/dev.198614},
Key = {fds359335}
}
@article{fds357528,
Author = {Brazeau, NF and Mitchell, CL and Morgan, AP and Deutsch-Feldman, M and Watson, OJ and Thwai, KL and Gelabert, P and van Dorp, L and Keeler, CY and Waltmann, A and Emch, M and Gartner, V and Redelings, B and Wray, GA and Mwandagalirwa, MK and Tshefu, AK and Likwela, JL and Edwards, JK and Verity, R and Parr, JB and Meshnick, SR and Juliano,
JJ},
Title = {The epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax among adults in the
Democratic Republic of the Congo.},
Journal = {Nature communications},
Volume = {12},
Number = {1},
Pages = {4169},
Year = {2021},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24216-3},
Abstract = {Reports of P. vivax infections among Duffy-negative hosts
have accumulated throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Despite this
growing body of evidence, no nationally representative
epidemiological surveys of P. vivax in sub-Saharan Africa
have been performed. To overcome this gap in knowledge, we
screened over 17,000 adults in the Democratic Republic of
the Congo (DRC) for P. vivax using samples from the
2013-2014 Demographic Health Survey. Overall, we found a
2.97% (95% CI: 2.28%, 3.65%) prevalence of P. vivax
infections across the DRC. Infections were associated with
few risk-factors and demonstrated a relatively flat
distribution of prevalence across space with focal regions
of relatively higher prevalence in the north and northeast.
Mitochondrial genomes suggested that DRC P. vivax were
distinct from circulating non-human ape strains and an
ancestral European P. vivax strain, and instead may be part
of a separate contemporary clade. Our findings suggest P.
vivax is diffusely spread across the DRC at a low
prevalence, which may be associated with long-term carriage
of low parasitemia, frequent relapses, or a general pool of
infections with limited forward propagation.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41467-021-24216-3},
Key = {fds357528}
}
@article{fds357490,
Author = {Hu, B and Won, H and Mah, W and Park, RB and Kassim, B and Spiess, K and Kozlenkov, A and Crowley, CA and Pochareddy, S and PsychENCODE
Consortium, and Li, Y and Dracheva, S and Sestan, N and Akbarian, S and Geschwind, DH},
Title = {Neuronal and glial 3D chromatin architecture informs the
cellular etiology of brain disorders.},
Journal = {Nat Commun},
Volume = {12},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3968},
Year = {2021},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24243-0},
Abstract = {Cellular heterogeneity in the human brain obscures the
identification of robust cellular regulatory networks, which
is necessary to understand the function of non-coding
elements and the impact of non-coding genetic variation.
Here we integrate genome-wide chromosome conformation data
from purified neurons and glia with transcriptomic and
enhancer profiles, to characterize the gene regulatory
landscape of two major cell classes in the human brain. We
then leverage cell-type-specific regulatory landscapes to
gain insight into the cellular etiology of several brain
disorders. We find that Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated
epigenetic dysregulation is linked to neurons and
oligodendrocytes, whereas genetic risk factors for AD
highlighted microglia, suggesting that different cell types
may contribute to disease risk, via different mechanisms.
Moreover, integration of glutamatergic and GABAergic
regulatory maps with genetic risk factors for schizophrenia
(SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) identifies shared
(parvalbumin-expressing interneurons) and distinct cellular
etiologies (upper layer neurons for BD, and deeper layer
projection neurons for SCZ). Collectively, these findings
shed new light on cell-type-specific gene regulatory
networks in brain disorders.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41467-021-24243-0},
Key = {fds357490}
}
@article{fds355688,
Author = {Benito-Kwiecinski, S and Giandomenico, SL and Sutcliffe, M and Riis,
ES and Freire-Pritchett, P and Kelava, I and Wunderlich, S and Martin,
U and Wray, GA and McDole, K and Lancaster, MA},
Title = {An early cell shape transition drives evolutionary expansion
of the human forebrain.},
Journal = {Cell},
Volume = {184},
Number = {8},
Pages = {2084-2102.e19},
Year = {2021},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.050},
Abstract = {The human brain has undergone rapid expansion since humans
diverged from other great apes, but the mechanism of this
human-specific enlargement is still unknown. Here, we use
cerebral organoids derived from human, gorilla, and
chimpanzee cells to study developmental mechanisms driving
evolutionary brain expansion. We find that neuroepithelial
differentiation is a protracted process in apes, involving a
previously unrecognized transition state characterized by a
change in cell shape. Furthermore, we show that human
organoids are larger due to a delay in this transition,
associated with differences in interkinetic nuclear
migration and cell cycle length. Comparative RNA sequencing
(RNA-seq) reveals differences in expression dynamics of cell
morphogenesis factors, including ZEB2, a known
epithelial-mesenchymal transition regulator. We show that
ZEB2 promotes neuroepithelial transition, and its
manipulation and downstream signaling leads to acquisition
of nonhuman ape architecture in the human context and vice
versa, establishing an important role for neuroepithelial
cell shape in human brain expansion.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.050},
Key = {fds355688}
}
@article{fds355934,
Author = {Carrier, TJ and Leigh, BA and Deaker, DJ and Devens, HR and Wray, GA and Bordenstein, SR and Byrne, M and Reitzel, AM},
Title = {Microbiome reduction and endosymbiont gain from a switch in
sea urchin life history.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {118},
Number = {16},
Pages = {e2022023118},
Year = {2021},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022023118},
Abstract = {Animal gastrointestinal tracts harbor a microbiome that is
integral to host function, yet species from diverse phyla
have evolved a reduced digestive system or lost it
completely. Whether such changes are associated with
alterations in the diversity and/or abundance of the
microbiome remains an untested hypothesis in evolutionary
symbiosis. Here, using the life history transition from
planktotrophy (feeding) to lecithotrophy (nonfeeding) in the
sea urchin <i>Heliocidaris</i>, we demonstrate that the lack
of a functional gut corresponds with a reduction in
microbial community diversity and abundance as well as the
association with a diet-specific microbiome. We also
determine that the lecithotroph vertically transmits a
Rickettsiales that may complement host nutrition through
amino acid biosynthesis and influence host reproduction. Our
results indicate that the evolutionary loss of a functional
gut correlates with a reduction in the microbiome and the
association with an endosymbiont. Symbiotic transitions can
therefore accompany life history transitions in the
evolution of developmental strategies.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2022023118},
Key = {fds355934}
}
@article{fds354264,
Author = {Markunas, AM and Manivannan, PKR and Ezekian, JE and Agarwal, A and Eisner, W and Alsina, K and Allen, HD and Wray, GA and Kim, JJ and Wehrens,
XHT and Landstrom, AP},
Title = {TBX5-encoded T-box transcription factor 5 variant T223M is
associated with long QT syndrome and pediatric sudden
cardiac death.},
Journal = {Am J Med Genet A},
Volume = {185},
Number = {3},
Pages = {923-929},
Year = {2021},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.62037},
Abstract = {Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a genetic disease resulting in a
prolonged QT interval on a resting electrocardiogram,
predisposing affected individuals to polymorphic ventricular
tachycardia and sudden death. Although a number of genes
have been implicated in this disease, nearly one in four
individuals exhibiting the LQTS phenotype are
genotype-negative. Whole-exome sequencing identified a
missense T223M variant in TBX5 that cosegregates with
prolonged QT interval in a family with otherwise
genotype-negative LQTS and sudden death. The TBX5-T223M
variant was absent among large ostensibly healthy
populations (gnomAD) and predicted to be pathogenic by in
silico modeling based on Panther, PolyPhen-2, Provean, SIFT,
SNAP2, and PredictSNP prediction tools. The variant was
located in a highly conserved region of TBX5 predicted to be
part of the DNA-binding interface. A luciferase assay
identified a 57.5% reduction in the ability of TBX5-T223M to
drive expression at the atrial natriuretic factor promotor
compared to wildtype TBX5 in vitro. We conclude that the
variant is pathogenic in this family, and we put TBX5
forward as a disease susceptibility allele for
genotype-negative LQTS. The identification of this familial
variant may serve as a basis for the identification of
previously unknown mechanisms of LQTS with broader
implications for cardiac electrophysiology.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajmg.a.62037},
Key = {fds354264}
}
@article{fds352434,
Author = {Massri, AJ and Schiebinger, GR and Berrio, A and Wang, L and Wray, GA and McClay, DR},
Title = {Methodologies for Following EMT In Vivo at Single Cell
Resolution.},
Journal = {Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)},
Volume = {2179},
Pages = {303-314},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0779-4_23},
Abstract = {An epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs in almost
every metazoan embryo at the time mesoderm begins to
differentiate. Several embryos have a long record as models
for studying an EMT given that a known population of cells
enters the EMT at a known time thereby enabling a detailed
study of the process. Often, however, it is difficult to
learn the molecular details of these model EMT systems
because the transitioning cells are a minority of the
population of cells in the embryo and in most cases there is
an inability to isolate that population. Here we provide a
method that enables an examination of genes expressed
before, during, and after the EMT with a focus on just the
cells that undergo the transition. Single cell RNA-seq
(scRNA-seq) has advanced as a technology making it feasible
to study the trajectory of gene expression specifically in
the cells of interest, in vivo, and without the background
noise of other cell populations. The sea urchin skeletogenic
cells constitute only 5% of the total number of cells in the
embryo yet with scRNA-seq it is possible to study the genes
expressed by these cells without background noise. This
approach, though not perfect, adds a new tool for uncovering
the mechanism of EMT in this cell type.},
Doi = {10.1007/978-1-0716-0779-4_23},
Key = {fds352434}
}
@article{fds355013,
Author = {Song, H and Guo, X and Sun, L and Wang, Q and Han, F and Wang, H and Wray, GA and Davidson, P and Wang, Q and Hu, Z and Zhou, C and Yu, Z and Yang, M and Feng,
J and Shi, P and Zhou, Y and Zhang, L and Zhang, T},
Title = {The hard clam genome reveals massive expansion and
diversification of inhibitors of apoptosis in
Bivalvia.},
Journal = {BMC biology},
Volume = {19},
Number = {1},
Pages = {15},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12915-020-00943-9},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) are
critical regulators of programmed cell death that are
essential for development, oncogenesis, and immune and
stress responses. However, available knowledge regarding IAP
is largely biased toward humans and model species, while the
distribution, function, and evolutionary novelties of this
gene family remain poorly understood in many taxa, including
Mollusca, the second most speciose phylum of
Metazoa.<h4>Results</h4>Here, we present a chromosome-level
genome assembly of an economically significant bivalve, the
hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria, which reveals an unexpected
and dramatic expansion of the IAP gene family to 159
members, the largest IAP gene repertoire observed in any
metazoan. Comparative genome analysis reveals that this
massive expansion is characteristic of bivalves more
generally. Reconstruction of the evolutionary history of
molluscan IAP genes indicates that most originated in early
metazoans and greatly expanded in Bivalvia through both
lineage-specific tandem duplication and retroposition, with
37.1% of hard clam IAPs located on a single chromosome. The
expanded IAPs have been subjected to frequent domain
shuffling, which has in turn shaped their architectural
diversity. Further, we observed that extant IAPs exhibit
dynamic and orchestrated expression patterns among tissues
and in response to different environmental
stressors.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our results suggest that
sophisticated regulation of apoptosis enabled by the massive
expansion and diversification of IAPs has been crucial for
the evolutionary success of hard clam and other molluscan
lineages, allowing them to cope with local environmental
stresses. This study broadens our understanding of IAP
proteins and expression diversity and provides novel
resources for studying molluscan biology and IAP function
and evolution.},
Doi = {10.1186/s12915-020-00943-9},
Key = {fds355013}
}
@article{fds352881,
Author = {Devens, HR and Davidson, PL and Deaker, DJ and Smith, KE and Wray, GA and Byrne, M},
Title = {Ocean acidification induces distinct transcriptomic
responses across life history stages of the sea urchin
Heliocidaris erythrogramma.},
Journal = {Molecular ecology},
Volume = {29},
Number = {23},
Pages = {4618-4636},
Year = {2020},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.15664},
Abstract = {Ocean acidification (OA) from seawater uptake of rising
carbon dioxide emissions impairs development in marine
invertebrates, particularly in calcifying species.
Plasticity in gene expression is thought to mediate many of
these physiological effects, but how these responses change
across life history stages remains unclear. The abbreviated
lecithotrophic development of the sea urchin Heliocidaris
erythrogramma provides a valuable opportunity to analyse
gene expression responses across a wide range of life
history stages, including the benthic, post-metamorphic
juvenile. We measured the transcriptional response to OA in
H. erythrogramma at three stages of the life cycle (embryo,
larva, and juvenile) in a controlled breeding design. The
results reveal a broad range of strikingly stage-specific
impacts of OA on transcription, including changes in the
number and identity of affected genes; the magnitude, sign,
and variance of their expression response; and the
developmental trajectory of expression. The impact of OA on
transcription was notably modest in relation to gene
expression changes during unperturbed development and much
smaller than genetic contributions from parentage. The
latter result suggests that natural populations may provide
an extensive genetic reservoir of resilience to OA. Taken
together, these results highlight the complexity of the
molecular response to OA, its substantial life history stage
specificity, and the importance of contextualizing the
transcriptional response to pH stress in light of normal
development and standing genetic variation to better
understand the capacity for marine invertebrates to adapt to
OA.},
Doi = {10.1111/mec.15664},
Key = {fds352881}
}
@article{fds349764,
Author = {Davidson, PL and Guo, H and Wang, L and Berrio, A and Zhang, H and Chang,
Y and Soborowski, AL and McClay, DR and Fan, G and Wray,
GA},
Title = {Chromosomal-Level Genome Assembly of the Sea Urchin
Lytechinus variegatus Substantially Improves Functional
Genomic Analyses.},
Journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
Volume = {12},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1080-1086},
Year = {2020},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaa101},
Abstract = {Lytechinus variegatus is a camarodont sea urchin found
widely throughout the western Atlantic Ocean in a variety of
shallow-water marine habitats. Its distribution, abundance,
and amenability to developmental perturbation make it a
popular model for ecologists and developmental biologists.
Here, we present a chromosomal-level genome assembly of
L. variegatus generated from a combination of PacBio long
reads, 10× Genomics sequencing, and HiC chromatin
interaction sequencing. We show L. variegatus has 19
chromosomes with an assembly size of 870.4 Mb. The
contiguity and completeness of this assembly are reflected
by a scaffold length N50 of 45.5 Mb and BUSCO completeness
score of 95.5%. Ab initio and transcript-informed gene
modeling and annotation identified 27,232 genes with an
average gene length of 12.6 kb, comprising an estimated
39.5% of the genome. Repetitive regions, on the other hand,
make up 45.4% of the genome. Physical mapping of
well-studied developmental genes onto each chromosome
reveals nonrandom spatial distribution of distinct genes and
gene families, which provides insight into how certain gene
families may have evolved and are transcriptionally
regulated in this species. Lastly, aligning RNA-seq and
ATAC-seq data onto this assembly demonstrates the value of
highly contiguous, complete genome assemblies for functional
genomics analyses that is unattainable with fragmented,
incomplete assemblies. This genome will be of great value to
the scientific community as a resource for genome evolution,
developmental, and ecological studies of this species and
the Echinodermata.},
Doi = {10.1093/gbe/evaa101},
Key = {fds349764}
}
@article{fds349324,
Author = {Wang, L and Israel, JW and Edgar, A and Raff, RA and Raff, EC and Byrne, M and Wray, GA},
Title = {Genetic basis for divergence in developmental gene
expression in two closely related sea urchins.},
Journal = {Nature ecology & evolution},
Volume = {4},
Number = {6},
Pages = {831-840},
Year = {2020},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-1165-y},
Abstract = {The genetic basis for divergence in developmental gene
expression among species is poorly understood, despite
growing evidence that such changes underlie many interesting
traits. Here we quantify transcription in hybrids of
Heliocidaris tuberculata and Heliocidaris erythrogramma, two
closely related sea urchins with highly divergent
developmental gene expression and life histories. We find
that most expression differences between species result from
genetic influences that affect one stage of development,
indicating limited pleiotropic consequences for most
mutations that contribute to divergence in gene expression.
Activation of zygotic transcription is broadly delayed in H.
erythrogramma, the species with the derived life history,
despite its overall faster premetamorphic development.
Altered expression of several terminal differentiation genes
associated with the derived larval morphology of H.
erythrogramma is based largely on differences in the
expression or function of their upstream regulators,
providing insights into the genetic basis for the evolution
of key life history traits.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41559-020-1165-y},
Key = {fds349324}
}
@article{fds349641,
Author = {Berrio, A and Haygood, R and Wray, GA},
Title = {Identifying branch-specific positive selection throughout
the regulatory genome using an appropriate proxy
neutral.},
Journal = {BMC genomics},
Volume = {21},
Number = {1},
Pages = {359},
Year = {2020},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-6752-4},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Adaptive changes in cis-regulatory
elements are an essential component of evolution by natural
selection. Identifying adaptive and functional noncoding DNA
elements throughout the genome is therefore crucial for
understanding the relationship between phenotype and
genotype.<h4>Results</h4>We used ENCODE annotations to
identify appropriate proxy neutral sequences and demonstrate
that the conservativeness of the test can be modulated
during the filtration of reference alignments. We applied
the method to noncoding Human Accelerated Elements as well
as open chromatin elements previously identified in 125
human tissues and cell lines to demonstrate its utility.
Then, we evaluated the impact of query region length, proxy
neutral sequence length, and branch count on test
sensitivity and specificity. We found that the length of the
query alignment can vary between 150 bp and 1 kb without
affecting the estimation of selection, while for the
reference alignment, we found that a length of 3 kb is
adequate for proper testing. We also simulated sequence
alignments under different classes of evolution and
validated our ability to distinguish positive selection from
relaxation of constraint and neutral evolution. Finally, we
re-confirmed that a quarter of all non-coding Human
Accelerated Elements are evolving by positive
selection.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Here, we introduce a method we
called adaptiPhy, which adds significant improvements to our
earlier method that tests for branch-specific directional
selection in noncoding sequences. The motivation for these
improvements is to provide a more sensitive and better
targeted characterization of directional selection and
neutral evolution across the genome.},
Doi = {10.1186/s12864-020-6752-4},
Key = {fds349641}
}
@article{fds366234,
Author = {Muley, VY and López-Victorio, CJ and Ayala-Sumuano, JT and González-Gallardo, A and González-Santos, L and Lozano-Flores,
C and Wray, G and Hernández-Rosales, M and Varela-Echavarría,
A},
Title = {Conserved and divergent expression dynamics during early
patterning of the telencephalon in mouse and chick
embryos.},
Journal = {Progress in neurobiology},
Volume = {186},
Pages = {101735},
Year = {2020},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101735},
Abstract = {The mammalian and the avian telencephalon are nearly
indistinguishable at early embryonic vesicle stages but
differ substantially in form and function at their adult
stage. We sequenced and analyzed RNA populations present in
mouse and chick during the early stages of embryonic
telencephalon to understand conserved and lineage-specific
developmental differences. We found approximately 3000 genes
that orchestrate telencephalon development. Many
chromatin-associated epigenetic and transcription regulators
show high expression in both species and some show
species-specific expression dynamics. Interestingly,
previous studies associated them to autism, intellectual
disabilities, and mental retardation supporting a causal
link between their impaired functions during telencephalon
development and brain dysfunction. Strikingly, the conserved
up-regulated genes were differentially enriched in
ontologies related to development or functions of the adult
brain. Moreover, a differential enrichment of distinct
repertoires of transcription factor binding motifs in their
upstream promoter regions suggest a species-specific
regulation of the various gene groups identified. Overall,
our results reveal that the ontogenetic divergences between
the mouse and chick telencephalon result from subtle
differences in the regulation of common patterning signaling
cascades and regulatory networks unique to each species at
their very early stages of development.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101735},
Key = {fds366234}
}
@article{fds350606,
Author = {Byrne, M and Koop, D and Strbenac, D and Cisternas, P and Balogh, R and Yang, JYH and Davidson, PL and Wray, G},
Title = {Transcriptomic analysis of sea star development through
metamorphosis to the highly derived pentameral body plan
with a focus on neural transcription factors.},
Journal = {DNA research : an international journal for rapid
publication of reports on genes and genomes},
Volume = {27},
Number = {1},
Pages = {dsaa007},
Year = {2020},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/dnares/dsaa007},
Abstract = {The Echinodermata is characterized by a secondarily evolved
pentameral body plan. While the evolutionary origin of this
body plan has been the subject of debate, the molecular
mechanisms underlying its development are poorly understood.
We assembled a de novo developmental transcriptome from the
embryo through metamorphosis in the sea star Parvulastra
exigua. We use the asteroid model as it represents the
basal-type echinoderm body architecture. Global variation in
gene expression distinguished the gastrula profile and
showed that metamorphic and juvenile stages were more
similar to each other than to the pre-metamorphic stages,
pointing to the marked changes that occur during
metamorphosis. Differential expression and gene ontology
(GO) analyses revealed dynamic changes in gene expression
throughout development and the transition to pentamery. Many
GO terms enriched during late metamorphosis were related to
neurogenesis and signalling. Neural transcription factor
genes exhibited clusters with distinct expression patterns.
A suite of these genes was up-regulated during metamorphosis
(e.g. Pax6, Eya, Hey, NeuroD, FoxD, Mbx, and Otp). In situ
hybridization showed expression of neural genes in the CNS
and sensory structures. Our results provide a foundation to
understand the metamorphic transition in echinoderms and the
genes involved in development and evolution of
pentamery.},
Doi = {10.1093/dnares/dsaa007},
Key = {fds350606}
}
@article{fds352882,
Author = {Berrio, A and Gartner, V and Wray, GA},
Title = {Positive selection within the genomes of SARS-CoV-2 and
other Coronaviruses independent of impact on protein
function.},
Journal = {PeerJ},
Volume = {8},
Pages = {e10234},
Year = {2020},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10234},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>The emergence of a novel coronavirus
(SARS-CoV-2) associated with severe acute respiratory
disease (COVID-19) has prompted efforts to understand the
genetic basis for its unique characteristics and its jump
from non-primate hosts to humans. Tests for positive
selection can identify apparently nonrandom patterns of
mutation accumulation within genomes, highlighting regions
where molecular function may have changed during the origin
of a species. Several recent studies of the SARS-CoV-2
genome have identified signals of conservation and positive
selection within the gene encoding Spike protein based on
the ratio of synonymous to nonsynonymous substitution. Such
tests cannot, however, detect changes in the function of RNA
molecules.<h4>Methods</h4>Here we apply a test for
branch-specific oversubstitution of mutations within narrow
windows of the genome without reference to the genetic
code.<h4>Results</h4>We recapitulate the finding that the
gene encoding Spike protein has been a target of both
purifying and positive selection. In addition, we find other
likely targets of positive selection within the genome of
SARS-CoV-2, specifically within the genes encoding Nsp4 and
Nsp16. Homology-directed modeling indicates no change in
either Nsp4 or Nsp16 protein structure relative to the most
recent common ancestor. These SARS-CoV-2-specific mutations
may affect molecular processes mediated by the positive or
negative RNA molecules, including transcription,
translation, RNA stability, and evasion of the host innate
immune system. Our results highlight the importance of
considering mutations in viral genomes not only from the
perspective of their impact on protein structure, but also
how they may impact other molecular processes critical to
the viral life cycle.},
Doi = {10.7717/peerj.10234},
Key = {fds352882}
}
@article{fds353442,
Author = {Berrio, A and Gartner, V and Wray, G},
Title = {Positive selection within the genomes of SARS-CoV-2 and
other Coronaviruses independent of impact on protein
function},
Year = {2020},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.16.300038},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4> The emergence of a novel coronavirus
(SARS-CoV-2) associated with severe acute respiratory
disease (COVID-19) has prompted efforts to understand the
genetic basis for its unique characteristics and its jump
from non-primate hosts to humans. Tests for positive
selection can identify apparently nonrandom patterns of
mutation accumulation within genomes, highlighting regions
where molecular function may have changed during the origin
of a species. Several recent studies of the SARS-CoV-2
genome have identified signals of conservation and positive
selection within the gene encoding Spike protein based on
the ratio of synonymous to nonsynonymous substitution. Such
tests cannot, however, detect changes in the function of RNA
molecules. <h4>Methods</h4> Here we apply a test for
branch-specific oversubstitution of mutations within narrow
windows of the genome without reference to the genetic code.
<h4>Results</h4> We recapitulate the finding that the gene
encoding Spike protein has been a target of both purifying
and positive selection. In addition, we find other likely
targets of positive selection within the genome of
SARS-CoV-2, specifically within the genes encoding Nsp4 and
Nsp16. Homology-directed modeling indicates no change in
either Nsp4 or Nsp16 protein structure relative to the most
recent common ancestor. Thermodynamic modeling of RNA
stability and structure, however, indicates that RNA
secondary structure within both genes in the SARS-CoV-2
genome differs from those of RaTG13, the reconstructed
common ancestor, and Pan-CoV-GD (Guangdong). These
SARS-CoV-2-specific mutations may affect molecular processes
mediated by the positive or negative RNA molecules,
including transcription, translation, RNA stability, and
evasion of the host innate immune system. Our results
highlight the importance of considering mutations in viral
genomes not only from the perspective of their impact on
protein structure, but also how they may impact other
molecular processes critical to the viral life
cycle.},
Doi = {10.1101/2020.09.16.300038},
Key = {fds353442}
}
@article{fds346768,
Author = {Edsall, LE and Berrio, A and Majoros, WH and Swain-Lenz, D and Morrow,
S and Shibata, Y and Safi, A and Wray, GA and Crawford, GE and Allen,
AS},
Title = {Evaluating Chromatin Accessibility Differences Across
Multiple Primate Species Using a Joint Modeling
Approach.},
Journal = {Genome Biol Evol},
Volume = {11},
Number = {10},
Pages = {3035-3053},
Year = {2019},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz218},
Abstract = {Changes in transcriptional regulation are thought to be a
major contributor to the evolution of phenotypic traits, but
the contribution of changes in chromatin accessibility to
the evolution of gene expression remains almost entirely
unknown. To address this important gap in knowledge, we
developed a new method to identify DNase I Hypersensitive
(DHS) sites with differential chromatin accessibility
between species using a joint modeling approach. Our method
overcomes several limitations inherent to conventional
threshold-based pairwise comparisons that become
increasingly apparent as the number of species analyzed
rises. Our approach employs a single quantitative test which
is more sensitive than existing pairwise methods. To
illustrate, we applied our joint approach to DHS sites in
fibroblast cells from five primates (human, chimpanzee,
gorilla, orangutan, and rhesus macaque). We identified
89,744 DHS sites, of which 41% are identified as
differential between species using the joint model compared
with 33% using the conventional pairwise approach. The joint
model provides a principled approach to distinguishing
single from multiple chromatin accessibility changes among
species. We found that nondifferential DHS sites are
enriched for nucleotide conservation. Differential DHS sites
with decreased chromatin accessibility relative to rhesus
macaque occur more commonly near transcription start sites
(TSS), while those with increased chromatin accessibility
occur more commonly distal to TSS. Further, differential DHS
sites near TSS are less cell type-specific than more distal
regulatory elements. Taken together, these results point to
distinct classes of DHS sites, each with distinct
characteristics of selection, genomic location, and cell
type specificity.},
Doi = {10.1093/gbe/evz218},
Key = {fds346768}
}
@article{fds343523,
Author = {Davidson, PL and Thompson, JW and Foster, MW and Moseley, MA and Byrne,
M and Wray, GA},
Title = {A comparative analysis of egg provisioning using mass
spectrometry during rapid life history evolution in sea
urchins.},
Journal = {Evol Dev},
Volume = {21},
Number = {4},
Pages = {188-204},
Year = {2019},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ede.12289},
Abstract = {A dramatic life history switch that has evolved numerous
times in marine invertebrates is the transition from
planktotrophic (feeding) to lecithotrophic (nonfeeding)
larval development-an evolutionary tradeoff with many
important developmental and ecological consequences. To
attain a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular
basis for this switch, we performed untargeted lipidomic and
proteomic liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry on
eggs and larvae from three sea urchin species: the
lecithotroph Heliocidaris erythrogramma, the closely related
planktotroph Heliocidaris tuberculata, and the distantly
related planktotroph Lytechinus variegatus. We identify
numerous molecular-level changes possibly associated with
the evolution of lecithotrophy in H. erythrogramma. We find
the massive lipid stores of H. erythrogramma eggs are
largely composed of low-density, diacylglycerol ether lipids
that, contrary to expectations, appear to support
postmetamorphic development and survivorship. Rapid
premetamorphic development in this species may instead be
powered by upregulated carbohydrate metabolism or
triacylglycerol metabolism. We also find proteins involved
in oxidative stress regulation are upregulated in H.
erythrogramma eggs, and apoB-like lipid transfer proteins
may be important for echinoid oogenic nutrient provisioning.
These results demonstrate how mass spectrometry can enrich
our understanding of life history evolution and organismal
diversity by identifying specific molecules associated with
distinct life history strategies and prompt new hypotheses
about how and why these adaptations evolve.},
Doi = {10.1111/ede.12289},
Key = {fds343523}
}
@article{fds346004,
Author = {Swain-Lenz, D and Berrio, A and Safi, A and Crawford, GE and Wray,
GA},
Title = {Comparative Analyses of Chromatin Landscape in White Adipose
Tissue Suggest Humans May Have Less Beigeing Potential than
Other Primates.},
Journal = {Genome Biol Evol},
Volume = {11},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1997-2008},
Year = {2019},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz134},
Abstract = {Humans carry a much larger percentage of body fat than other
primates. Despite the central role of adipose tissue in
metabolism, little is known about the evolution of white
adipose tissue in primates. Phenotypic divergence is often
caused by genetic divergence in cis-regulatory regions. We
examined the cis-regulatory landscape of fat during human
origins by performing comparative analyses of chromatin
accessibility in human and chimpanzee adipose tissue using
rhesus macaque as an outgroup. We find that many regions
that have decreased accessibility in humans are enriched for
promoter and enhancer sequences, are depleted for signatures
of negative selection, are located near genes involved with
lipid metabolism, and contain a short sequence motif
involved in the beigeing of fat, the process in which
lipid-storing white adipocytes are transdifferentiated into
thermogenic beige adipocytes. The collective closing of many
putative regulatory regions associated with beigeing of fat
suggests a mechanism that increases body fat in
humans.},
Doi = {10.1093/gbe/evz134},
Key = {fds346004}
}
@article{fds341866,
Author = {Wray, GA and Haag, ES},
Title = {Rudolf A. Raff (1941-2019).},
Journal = {Nature ecology & evolution},
Volume = {3},
Number = {4},
Pages = {518-519},
Year = {2019},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0844-z},
Doi = {10.1038/s41559-019-0844-z},
Key = {fds341866}
}
@article{fds340750,
Author = {Oulhen, N and Foster, S and Wray, G and Wessel, G},
Title = {Identifying gene expression from single cells to single
genes.},
Journal = {Methods in cell biology},
Volume = {151},
Pages = {127-158},
Publisher = {Elsevier},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.mcb.2018.11.018},
Abstract = {Gene regulatory networks reveal how transcription factors
contribute to a dynamic cascade of cellular information
processing. Recent advances in technologies have enhanced
the toolkit for testing GRN mechanisms and connections. Here
we emphasize three approaches that we have found important
for interrogating transcriptional mechanisms in echinoderms:
single cell mRNA sequencing (drop-seq), nascent RNA
detection and identification, and chromatin
immunoprecipitation (ChIP). We present these applications in
order since it is a logical experimental protocol. With
preliminary information from bulk mRNA transcriptome
analysis and differential gene expression studies (DE-seq),
one may need to test in what specific cells important genes
may be expressed and to use single cell sequencing to define
such links. Nascent RNA analysis with the Click-iT chemistry
allows the investigator to deduce when the RNA was
transcribed, not just identify its presence, and ChIP allows
the investigator to study direct interactions of putative
transcriptional regulators with the gene promoter of
interest. This flow of thinking, and the technologies to
support it, is presented here for echinoderms. While many of
the procedures are general and applicable to many organisms
and cell types, we emphasize unique aspects of the protocols
for consideration in using echinoderm embryos, larvae, and
adult tissues.},
Doi = {10.1016/bs.mcb.2018.11.018},
Key = {fds340750}
}
@article{fds347215,
Author = {Edgar, A and Byrne, M and Wray, GA},
Title = {Embryo microinjection of the lecithotrophic sea urchin
Heliocidaris erythrogramma.},
Journal = {Journal of biological methods},
Volume = {6},
Number = {3},
Pages = {e119},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.14440/jbm.2019.292},
Abstract = {Microinjection is a common embryological technique used for
many types of experiments, including lineage tracing,
manipulating gene expression, or genome editing. Injectable
reagents include mRNA overexpression, mis-expression, or
dominant-negative experiments to examine a gene of interest,
a morpholino antisense oligo to prevent translation of an
mRNA or spliceoform of interest and CRISPR-Cas9 reagents.
Thus, the technique is broadly useful for basic
embryological studies, constructing gene regulatory
networks, and directly testing hypotheses about
cis-regulatory and coding sequence changes underlying the
evolution of development. However, the methods for
microinjection in typical planktotrophic marine
invertebrates may not work well in the highly modified eggs
and embryos of lecithotrophic species. This protocol is
optimized for the lecithotrophic sea urchin <i>Heliocidaris
erythrogramma</i>.},
Doi = {10.14440/jbm.2019.292},
Key = {fds347215}
}
@article{fds353443,
Author = {Edgar, A and Byrne, M and McClay, D and Wray, G},
Title = {Evolution of abbreviated development inHeliocidaris
erythrogrammadramatically re-wired the highly conserved
sea urchin developmental gene regulatory network to decouple
signaling center function from ultimate fate},
Year = {2019},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/712216},
Abstract = {Developmental gene regulatory networks (GRNs) describe the
interactions among gene products that drive the differential
transcriptional and cell regulatory states that pattern the
embryo and specify distinct cell fates. GRNs are often
deeply conserved, but whether this is the product of
constraint inherent to the network structure or stabilizing
selection remains unclear. We have constructed the first
formal GRN for early development in Heliocidaris
erythrogramma , a species with dramatically accelerated,
direct development. This life history switch has important
ecological consequences, arose rapidly, and has evolved
independently many times in echinoderms, suggesting it is a
product of selection. We find that H. erythrogramma exhibits
dramatic differences in GRN topology compared with
ancestral, indirect-developing sea urchins. In particular,
the GRN sub-circuit that directs the early and autonomous
commitment of skeletogenic cell precursors in indirect
developers appears to be absent in H. erythrogramma , a
particularly striking change in relation to both the prior
conservation of this sub-circuit and the key role that these
cells play ancestrally in early development as the embryonic
signaling center. These results show that even highly
conserved molecular mechanisms of early development can be
substantially reconfigured in a relatively short
evolutionary time span, suggesting that selection rather
than constraint is responsible for the striking conservation
of the GRN among other sea urchins.},
Doi = {10.1101/712216},
Key = {fds353443}
}
@article{fds353444,
Author = {Swain-Lenz, D and Berrio, A and Safi, A and Crawford, G and Wray,
G},
Title = {Comparative analyses of chromatin landscape in white adipose
tissue suggest humans may have less beigeing potential than
other primates},
Year = {2019},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/524868},
Abstract = {Humans carry a much larger percentage of body fat than other
primates. Despite the central role of adipose tissue in
metabolism, little is known about the evolution of white
adipose tissue in primates. Phenotypic divergence is often
caused by genetic divergence in cis -regulatory regions. We
examined the cis -regulatory landscape of fat during human
origins by performing comparative analyses of chromatin
accessibility in human and chimpanzee adipose tissue using
macaque as an outgroup. We find that many cis -regulatory
regions that are specifically closed in humans are under
positive selection, located near genes involved with lipid
metabolism, and contain a short sequence motif involved in
the beigeing of fat, the process in which white adipocytes
are transdifferentiated into beige adipocytes. While the
primary role of white adipocytes is to store lipids, beige
adipocytes are thermogeneic. The collective closing of many
putative regulatory regions associated with beiging of fat
suggests an adaptive mechanism that increases body fat in
humans.},
Doi = {10.1101/524868},
Key = {fds353444}
}
@article{fds346769,
Author = {Li, M and Santpere, G and Imamura Kawasawa and Y and Evgrafov, OV and Gulden, FO and Pochareddy, S and Sunkin, SM and Li, Z and Shin, Y and Zhu,
Y and Sousa, AMM and Werling, DM and Kitchen, RR and Kang, HJ and Pletikos,
M and Choi, J and Muchnik, S and Xu, X and Wang, D and Lorente-Galdos, B and Liu, S and Giusti-Rodríguez, P and Won, H and de Leeuw, CA and Pardiñas, AF and BrainSpan Consortium, and PsychENCODE
Consortium, and PsychENCODE Developmental Subgroup, and Hu, M and Jin, F and Li, Y and Owen, MJ and O'Donovan, MC and Walters, JTR and Posthuma, D and Reimers, MA and Levitt, P and Weinberger, DR and Hyde,
TM and Kleinman, JE and Geschwind, DH and Hawrylycz, MJ and State, MW and Sanders, SJ and Sullivan, PF and Gerstein, MB and Lein, ES and Knowles,
JA and Sestan, N},
Title = {Integrative functional genomic analysis of human brain
development and neuropsychiatric risks.},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {362},
Number = {6420},
Pages = {eaat7615},
Year = {2018},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aat7615},
Abstract = {To broaden our understanding of human neurodevelopment, we
profiled transcriptomic and epigenomic landscapes across
brain regions and/or cell types for the entire span of
prenatal and postnatal development. Integrative analysis
revealed temporal, regional, sex, and cell type-specific
dynamics. We observed a global transcriptomic cup-shaped
pattern, characterized by a late fetal transition associated
with sharply decreased regional differences and changes in
cellular composition and maturation, followed by a reversal
in childhood-adolescence, and accompanied by epigenomic
reorganizations. Analysis of gene coexpression modules
revealed relationships with epigenomic regulation and
neurodevelopmental processes. Genes with genetic
associations to brain-based traits and neuropsychiatric
disorders (including MEF2C, SATB2, SOX5, TCF4, and TSHZ3)
converged in a small number of modules and distinct cell
types, revealing insights into neurodevelopment and the
genomic basis of neuropsychiatric risks.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.aat7615},
Key = {fds346769}
}
@article{fds339391,
Author = {Eisthen, HL and Halanych, KM and Kelley, DB and White, SA and Phelps,
SM and 66 additional authors},
Title = {New NSF policy will stifle innovation.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {362},
Number = {6412},
Pages = {297-298},
Publisher = {AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE},
Year = {2018},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aav4793},
Doi = {10.1126/science.aav4793},
Key = {fds339391}
}
@article{fds337324,
Author = {Bryois, J and Garrett, ME and Song, L and Safi, A and Giusti-Rodriguez,
P and Johnson, GD and Shieh, AW and Buil, A and Fullard, JF and Roussos, P and Sklar, P and Akbarian, S and Haroutunian, V and Stockmeier, CA and Wray,
GA and White, KP and Liu, C and Reddy, TE and Ashley-Koch, A and Sullivan,
PF and Crawford, GE},
Title = {Evaluation of chromatin accessibility in prefrontal cortex
of individuals with schizophrenia.},
Journal = {Nat Commun},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3121},
Year = {2018},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05379-y},
Abstract = {Schizophrenia genome-wide association studies have
identified >150 regions of the genome associated with
disease risk, yet there is little evidence that coding
mutations contribute to this disorder. To explore the
mechanism of non-coding regulatory elements in
schizophrenia, we performed ATAC-seq on adult prefrontal
cortex brain samples from 135 individuals with schizophrenia
and 137 controls, and identified 118,152 ATAC-seq peaks.
These accessible chromatin regions in the brain are highly
enriched for schizophrenia SNP heritability. Accessible
chromatin regions that overlap evolutionarily conserved
regions exhibit an even higher heritability enrichment,
indicating that sequence conservation can further refine
functional risk variants. We identify few differences in
chromatin accessibility between cases and controls, in
contrast to thousands of age-related differential accessible
chromatin regions. Altogether, we characterize chromatin
accessibility in the human prefrontal cortex, the effect of
schizophrenia and age on chromatin accessibility, and
provide evidence that our dataset will allow for fine
mapping of risk variants.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-05379-y},
Key = {fds337324}
}
@article{fds335282,
Author = {Pizzollo, J and Nielsen, WJ and Shibata, Y and Safi, A and Crawford, GE and Wray, GA and Babbitt, CC},
Title = {Comparative Serum Challenges Show Divergent Patterns of Gene
Expression and Open Chromatin in Human and
Chimpanzee.},
Journal = {Genome Biol Evol},
Volume = {10},
Number = {3},
Pages = {826-839},
Year = {2018},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evy041},
Abstract = {Humans experience higher rates of age-associated diseases
than our closest living evolutionary relatives, chimpanzees.
Environmental factors can explain many of these increases in
disease risk, but species-specific genetic changes can also
play a role. Alleles that confer increased disease
susceptibility later in life can persist in a population in
the absence of selective pressure if those changes confer
positive adaptation early in life. One age-associated
disease that disproportionately affects humans compared with
chimpanzees is epithelial cancer. Here, we explored genetic
differences between humans and chimpanzees in a well-defined
experimental assay that mimics gene expression changes that
happen during cancer progression: A fibroblast serum
challenge. We used this assay with fibroblasts isolated from
humans and chimpanzees to explore species-specific
differences in gene expression and chromatin state with
RNA-Seq and DNase-Seq. Our data reveal that human
fibroblasts increase expression of genes associated with
wound healing and cancer pathways; in contrast, chimpanzee
gene expression changes are not concentrated around
particular functional categories. Chromatin accessibility
dramatically increases in human fibroblasts, yet decreases
in chimpanzee cells during the serum response. Many regions
of opening and closing chromatin are in close proximity to
genes encoding transcription factors or genes involved in
wound healing processes, further supporting the link between
changes in activity of regulatory elements and changes in
gene expression. Together, these expression and open
chromatin data show that humans and chimpanzees have
dramatically different responses to the same physiological
stressor, and how a core physiological process can evolve
quickly over relatively short evolutionary time
scales.},
Doi = {10.1093/gbe/evy041},
Key = {fds335282}
}
@article{fds330379,
Author = {Byrne, M and Koop, D and Morris, VB and Chui, J and Wray, GA and Cisternas,
P},
Title = {Expression of genes and proteins of the pax-six-eya-dach
network in the metamorphic sea urchin: Insights into
development of the enigmatic echinoderm body plan and
sensory structures.},
Journal = {Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the
American Association of Anatomists},
Volume = {247},
Number = {1},
Pages = {239-249},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.24584},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Photoreception-associated genes of the
Pax-Six-Eya-Dach network (PSEDN) are deployed for many roles
in addition to photoreception development. In this first
study of PSEDN genes during development of the pentameral
body in sea urchins, we investigated their spatial
expression in Heliocidaris erythrogramma.<h4>Results</h4>Expression
of PSEDN genes in the hydrocoele of early (Dach, Eya,
Six1/2) and/or late (Pax6, Six3/6) larvae, and the five
hydrocoele lobes, the first morphological expression of
pentamery, supports a role in body plan development. Pax6,
Six1/2, and Six3/6 were localized to the primary and/or
secondary podia and putative sensory/neuronal cells. Six1/2
and Six3/6 were expressed in the neuropil region in the
terminal disc of the podia. Dach was localized to spines.
Sequential up-regulation of gene expression as new podia and
spines formed was evident. Rhabdomeric opsin and pax6
protein were localized to cells in the primary podia and
spines.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our results support roles for
PSEDN genes in development of the pentameral body plan,
contributing to our understanding of how the most unusual
body plan in the Bilateria may have evolved. Development of
sensory cells within the Pax-Six expression field is
consistent with the role of these genes in sensory cell
development in diverse species. Developmental Dynamics
247:239-249, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/dvdy.24584},
Key = {fds330379}
}
@article{fds339223,
Author = {Singh, A and Pinto, L and Martin, C and Rutherford, N and Ragunathan, A and Upadhyay, U and Kapoor, P and McRae, M and Siddiqui, A and Cantelmi, D and Heyland, A and Wray, G and Stone, JR},
Title = {Rudiment resorption as a response to starvation during
larval development in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus
droebachiensis},
Journal = {Canadian Journal of Zoology},
Volume = {96},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1178-1185},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0261},
Abstract = {Phenotypic flexibility (reversible phenotypic change)
enables organisms to couple internal, ontogenetic responses
with external, environmental cues. Phenotypic flexibility
also provides organisms with the capacity to buffer
stereotypical internal, developmental processes from
unpredictable external, ecological events. Echinoids exhibit
dramatic phenotypic flexibility in response to variation in
exogenous nutrient supplies. The extent to which echinoids
display this flexibility has been explored incompletely and
research hitherto has been conducted predominantly on larval
structures and morphologies. We investigated experimentally
the extent to which the primordial juvenile, the developing
rudiment, can exhibit the first phase in phenotypic
flexibility among individuals. We report for the first time
on rudiment regression and complete resorption as a response
to starvation during larval development in the sea urchin
Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (O.F. Müller, 1776) and
identify a developmental “window of opportunity” within
which this can occur. Based on our observations and previous
suggestions, we speculate that sea urchin rudiments might
provide means of buffering development during unfavorable
conditions.},
Doi = {10.1139/cjz-2017-0261},
Key = {fds339223}
}
@article{fds328432,
Author = {Linchangco, GV and Foltz, DW and Reid, R and Williams, J and Nodzak, C and Kerr, AM and Miller, AK and Hunter, R and Wilson, NG and Nielsen, WJ and Mah, CL and Rouse, GW and Wray, GA and Janies, DA},
Title = {The phylogeny of extant starfish (Asteroidea: Echinodermata)
including Xyloplax, based on comparative
transcriptomics.},
Journal = {Molecular phylogenetics and evolution},
Volume = {115},
Pages = {161-170},
Year = {2017},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.07.022},
Abstract = {Multi-locus phylogenetic studies of echinoderms based on
Sanger and RNA-seq technologies and the fossil record have
provided evidence for the Asterozoa-Echinozoa hypothesis.
This hypothesis posits a sister relationship between
asterozoan classes (Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea) and a
similar relationship between echinozoan classes (Echinoidea
and Holothuroidea). Despite this consensus around
Asterozoa-Echinozoa, phylogenetic relationships within the
class Asteroidea (sea stars or starfish) have been
controversial for over a century. Open questions include
relationships within asteroids and the status of the
enigmatic taxon Xyloplax. Xyloplax is thought by some to
represent a newly discovered sixth class of echinoderms -
and by others to be an asteroid. To address these questions,
we applied a novel workflow to a large RNA-seq dataset that
encompassed a broad taxonomic and genomic sample. This study
included 15 species sampled from all extant orders and 13
families, plus four ophiuroid species as an outgroup. To
expand the taxonomic coverage, the study also incorporated
five previously published transcriptomes and one previously
published expressed sequence tags (EST) dataset. We
developed and applied methods that used a range of alignment
parameters with increasing permissiveness in terms of gap
characters present within an alignment. This procedure
facilitated the selection of phylogenomic data subsets from
large amounts of transcriptome data. The results included 19
nested data subsets that ranged from 37 to 4,281loci. Tree
searches on all data subsets reconstructed Xyloplax as a
velatid asteroid rather than a new class. This result
implies that asteroid morphology remains labile well beyond
the establishment of the body plan of the group. In the
phylogenetic tree with the highest average asteroid nodal
support several monophyletic groups were recovered. In this
tree, Forcipulatida and Velatida are monophyletic and form a
clade that includes Brisingida as sister to Forcipulatida.
Xyloplax is consistently recovered as sister to Pteraster.
Paxillosida and Spinulosida are each monophyletic, with
Notomyotida as sister to the Paxillosida. Valvatida is
recovered as paraphyletic. The results from other data
subsets are largely consistent with these results. Our
results support the hypothesis that the earliest divergence
event among extant asteroids separated Velatida and
Forcipulatacea from Valvatacea and Spinulosida.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2017.07.022},
Key = {fds328432}
}
@article{fds326814,
Author = {Babbitt, CC and Haygood, R and Nielsen, WJ and Wray,
GA},
Title = {Gene expression and adaptive noncoding changes during human
evolution.},
Journal = {BMC genomics},
Volume = {18},
Number = {1},
Pages = {435},
Year = {2017},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-017-3831-2},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Despite evidence for adaptive changes in
both gene expression and non-protein-coding, putatively
regulatory regions of the genome during human evolution, the
relationship between gene expression and adaptive changes in
cis-regulatory regions remains unclear.<h4>Results</h4>Here
we present new measurements of gene expression in five
tissues of humans and chimpanzees, and use them to assess
this relationship. We then compare our results with previous
studies of adaptive noncoding changes, analyzing
correlations at the level of gene ontology groups, in order
to gain statistical power to detect correlations.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Consistent
with previous studies, we find little correlation between
gene expression and adaptive noncoding changes at the level
of individual genes; however, we do find significant
correlations at the level of biological function ontology
groups. The types of function include processes regulated by
specific transcription factors, responses to genetic or
chemical perturbations, and differentiation of cell types
within the immune system. Among functional categories
co-enriched with both differential expression and noncoding
adaptation, prominent themes include cancer, particularly
epithelial cancers, and neural development and
function.},
Doi = {10.1186/s12864-017-3831-2},
Key = {fds326814}
}
@article{fds324886,
Author = {Koop, D and Cisternas, P and Morris, VB and Strbenac, D and Yang, JYH and Wray, GA and Byrne, M},
Title = {Nodal and BMP expression during the transition to pentamery
in the sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma: insights into
patterning the enigmatic echinoderm body
plan.},
Journal = {BMC developmental biology},
Volume = {17},
Number = {1},
Pages = {4},
Year = {2017},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12861-017-0145-1},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>The molecular mechanisms underlying the
development of the unusual echinoderm pentameral body plan
and their likeness to mechanisms underlying the development
of the bilateral plans of other deuterostomes are of
interest in tracing body plan evolution. In this first study
of the spatial expression of genes associated with Nodal and
BMP2/4 signalling during the transition to pentamery in sea
urchins, we investigate Heliocidaris erythrogramma, a
species that provides access to the developing adult
rudiment within days of fertilization.<h4>Results</h4>BMP2/4,
and the putative downstream genes, Six1/2, Eya, Tbx2/3 and
Msx were expressed in the earliest morphological
manifestation of pentamery during development, the five
hydrocoele lobes. The formation of the vestibular ectoderm,
the specialized region overlying the left coelom that forms
adult ectoderm, involved the expression of putative Nodal
target genes Chordin, Gsc and BMP2/4 and putative BMP2/4
target genes Dlx, Msx and Tbx. The expression of Nodal,
Lefty and Pitx2 in the right ectoderm, and Pitx2 in the
right coelom, was as previously observed in other sea
urchins.<h4>Conclusion</h4>That genes associated with Nodal
and BMP2/4 signalling are expressed in the hydrocoele lobes,
indicates that they have a role in the developmental
transition to pentamery, contributing to our understanding
of how the most unusual body plan in the Bilateria may have
evolved. We suggest that the Nodal and BMP2/4 signalling
cascades might have been duplicated or split during the
evolution to pentamery.},
Doi = {10.1186/s12861-017-0145-1},
Key = {fds324886}
}
@article{fds324077,
Author = {Runcie, DE and Dorey, N and Garfield, DA and Stumpp, M and Dupont, S and Wray, GA},
Title = {Genomic Characterization of the Evolutionary Potential of
the Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis Facing
Ocean Acidification.},
Journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
Volume = {8},
Number = {12},
Pages = {3672-3684},
Year = {2016},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evw272},
Abstract = {Ocean acidification (OA) is increasing due to anthropogenic
CO2 emissions and poses a threat to marine species and
communities worldwide. To better project the effects of
acidification on organisms' health and persistence, an
understanding is needed of the 1) mechanisms underlying
developmental and physiological tolerance and 2) potential
populations have for rapid evolutionary adaptation. This is
especially challenging in nonmodel species where targeted
assays of metabolism and stress physiology may not be
available or economical for large-scale assessments of
genetic constraints. We used mRNA sequencing and a
quantitative genetics breeding design to study mechanisms
underlying genetic variability and tolerance to decreased
seawater pH (-0.4 pH units) in larvae of the sea urchin
Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. We used a gene
ontology-based approach to integrate expression profiles
into indirect measures of cellular and biochemical traits
underlying variation in larval performance (i.e., growth
rates). Molecular responses to OA were complex, involving
changes to several functions such as growth rates, cell
division, metabolism, and immune activities. Surprisingly,
the magnitude of pH effects on molecular traits tended to be
small relative to variation attributable to segregating
functional genetic variation in this species. We discuss how
the application of transcriptomics and quantitative genetics
approaches across diverse species can enrich our
understanding of the biological impacts of climate
change.},
Doi = {10.1093/gbe/evw272},
Key = {fds324077}
}
@article{fds323818,
Author = {Dutta, V and Altermann, E and Olson, J and Wray, GA and Siletzky, RM and Kathariou, S},
Title = {Whole-Genome Sequences of Agricultural, Host-Associated
Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni
Strains.},
Journal = {Genome announcements},
Volume = {4},
Number = {4},
Pages = {e00833-e00816},
Year = {2016},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/genomea.00833-16},
Abstract = {We report here the genome sequences of four agricultural,
multidrug-resistant Campylobacter spp.: C. coli 11601 and
C. jejuni 11601MD, isolated from turkey cecum and jejunum,
respectively, and C. coli 6067 and C. coli 6461, isolated
from turkey-house water and swine feces, respectively. The
genomes provide insights on Campylobacter antimicrobial
resistance and host adaptations.},
Doi = {10.1128/genomea.00833-16},
Key = {fds323818}
}
@article{fds322168,
Author = {Israel, JW and Martik, ML and Byrne, M and Raff, EC and Raff, RA and McClay, DR and Wray, GA},
Title = {Comparative Developmental Transcriptomics Reveals Rewiring
of a Highly Conserved Gene Regulatory Network during a Major
Life History Switch in the Sea Urchin Genus
Heliocidaris.},
Journal = {PLoS biology},
Volume = {14},
Number = {3},
Pages = {e1002391},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002391},
Abstract = {The ecologically significant shift in developmental strategy
from planktotrophic (feeding) to lecithotrophic (nonfeeding)
development in the sea urchin genus Heliocidaris is one of
the most comprehensively studied life history transitions in
any animal. Although the evolution of lecithotrophy involved
substantial changes to larval development and morphology, it
is not known to what extent changes in gene expression
underlie the developmental differences between species, nor
do we understand how these changes evolved within the
context of the well-defined gene regulatory network (GRN)
underlying sea urchin development. To address these
questions, we used RNA-seq to measure expression dynamics
across development in three species: the lecithotroph
Heliocidaris erythrogramma, the closely related planktotroph
H. tuberculata, and an outgroup planktotroph Lytechinus
variegatus. Using well-established statistical methods, we
developed a novel framework for identifying, quantifying,
and polarizing evolutionary changes in gene expression
profiles across the transcriptome and within the GRN. We
found that major changes in gene expression profiles were
more numerous during the evolution of lecithotrophy than
during the persistence of planktotrophy, and that genes with
derived expression profiles in the lecithotroph displayed
specific characteristics as a group that are consistent with
the dramatically altered developmental program in this
species. Compared to the transcriptome, changes in gene
expression profiles within the GRN were even more pronounced
in the lecithotroph. We found evidence for conservation and
likely divergence of particular GRN regulatory interactions
in the lecithotroph, as well as significant changes in the
expression of genes with known roles in larval
skeletogenesis. We further use coexpression analysis to
identify genes of unknown function that may contribute to
both conserved and derived developmental traits between
species. Collectively, our results indicate that distinct
evolutionary processes operate on gene expression during
periods of life history conservation and periods of life
history divergence, and that this contrast is even more
pronounced within the GRN than across the transcriptome as a
whole.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.1002391},
Key = {fds322168}
}
@article{fds342449,
Author = {Schierwater, B and Holland, PWH and Miller, DJ and Stadler, PF and Wiegmann, BM and Wörheide, G and Wray, GA and DeSalle,
R},
Title = {Never ending analysis of a century old evolutionary debate:
"Unringing" the urmetazoon bell},
Journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution},
Volume = {4},
Number = {FEB},
Year = {2016},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2016.00005},
Abstract = {Our understanding of the early evolution of animals will be
greatly improved if a final solution can be found to the
evolutionary relationships between Porifera, Placozoa,
Ctenophora, Cnidaria, and Bilateria. There have been many
recent attempts to solve this key issue at the base of the
metazoan tree of life, and these have sparked heated
discussions and highlighted fundamental analytical problems.
We argue that solving this problem will necessitate analysis
of disparate data types, including phylogenomic data, larger
scale genomic characters, developmental data, and
morphological characters. At the least, morphological and
developmental data must be used to cross-validate
phylogenomic conclusions, but ideally solutions should be
sought to the problems of combining disparate data sources
with appropriate character weighting and algorithm
choice.},
Doi = {10.3389/fevo.2016.00005},
Key = {fds342449}
}
@article{fds324078,
Author = {Janies, DA and Witter, Z and Linchangco, GV and Foltz, DW and Miller,
AK and Kerr, AM and Jay, J and Reid, RW and Wray, GA},
Title = {EchinoDB, an application for comparative transcriptomics of
deeply-sampled clades of echinoderms.},
Journal = {BMC bioinformatics},
Volume = {17},
Pages = {48},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12859-016-0883-2},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>One of our goals for the echinoderm tree
of life project (http://echinotol.org) is to identify
orthologs suitable for phylogenetic analysis from
next-generation transcriptome data. The current dataset is
the largest assembled for echinoderm phylogeny and
transcriptomics. We used RNA-Seq to profile adult tissues
from 42 echinoderm specimens from 24 orders and 37 families.
In order to achieve sampling members of clades that span key
evolutionary divergence, many of our exemplars were
collected from deep and polar seas.<h4>Description</h4>A
small fraction of the transcriptome data we produced is
being used for phylogenetic reconstruction. Thus to make a
larger dataset available to researchers with a wide variety
of interests, we made a web-based application, EchinoDB
(http://echinodb.uncc.edu). EchinoDB is a repository of
orthologous transcripts from echinoderms that is searchable
via keywords and sequence similarity.<h4>Conclusions</h4>From
transcripts we identified 749,397 clusters of orthologous
loci. We have developed the information technology to manage
and search the loci their annotations with respect to the
Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) genome. Several
users have already taken advantage of these data for
spin-off projects in developmental biology, gene family
studies, and neuroscience. We hope others will search
EchinoDB to discover datasets relevant to a variety of
additional questions in comparative biology.},
Doi = {10.1186/s12859-016-0883-2},
Key = {fds324078}
}
@article{fds231458,
Author = {Byrne, M and Koop, D and Cisternas, P and Strbenac, D and Yang, JYH and Wray, GA},
Title = {Transcriptomic analysis of Nodal- and BMP-associated genes
during juvenile development of the sea urchin Heliocidaris
erythrogramma.},
Journal = {Marine genomics},
Volume = {24 Pt 1},
Pages = {41-45},
Year = {2015},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1874-7787},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margen.2015.05.019},
Abstract = {Understanding the unusual radial body plan of echinoderms
and its relationship to the bilateral plan of other
deuterostomes remains a challenge. The molecular processes
of embryonic and early larval development in sea urchins are
well characterised, but those giving rise to the adult and
its radial body remain poorly studied. We used the
developmental transcriptome generated for Heliocidaris
erythrogramma, a species that forms the juvenile soon after
gastrulation, to investigate changes in gene expression
underlying radial body development. As coelomogenesis is key
to the development of pentamery and juvenile formation on
the left side of the larva, we focussed on genes associated
with the nodal and BMP2/4 network that pattern this
asymmetry. We identified 46 genes associated with this Nodal
and BMP2/4 signalling network, and determined their
expression profiles from the gastrula, through to rudiment
development, metamorphosis and the fully formed juvenile.
Genes associated with Nodal signalling shared similar
expression profiles, indicating that they may have a
regulatory relationship in patterning morphogenesis of the
juvenile sea urchin. Similarly, many genes associated with
BMP2/4 signalling had similar expression profiles through
juvenile development. Further examination of the roles of
Nodal- and BMP2/4-associated genes is required to determine
function and whether the gene expression profiles seen in H.
erythrogramma are due to ongoing activity of gene networks
established during early development, or to redeployment of
regulatory cassettes to pattern the adult radial body
plan.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.margen.2015.05.019},
Key = {fds231458}
}
@article{fds323974,
Author = {PsychENCODE Consortium, and Akbarian, S and Liu, C and Knowles, JA and Vaccarino, FM and Farnham, PJ and Crawford, GE and Jaffe, AE and Pinto,
D and Dracheva, S and Geschwind, DH and Mill, J and Nairn, AC and Abyzov,
A and Pochareddy, S and Prabhakar, S and Weissman, S and Sullivan, PF and State, MW and Weng, Z and Peters, MA and White, KP and Gerstein, MB and Amiri, A and Armoskus, C and Ashley-Koch, AE and Bae, T and Beckel-Mitchener, A and Berman, BP and Coetzee, GA and Coppola, G and Francoeur, N and Fromer, M and Gao, R and Grennan, K and Herstein, J and Kavanagh, DH and Ivanov, NA and Jiang, Y and Kitchen, RR and Kozlenkov,
A and Kundakovic, M and Li, M and Li, Z and Liu, S and Mangravite, LM and Mattei, E and Markenscoff-Papadimitriou, E and Navarro, FCP and North, N and Omberg, L and Panchision, D and Parikshak, N and Poschmann,
J and Price, AJ and Purcaro, M and Reddy, TE and Roussos, P and Schreiner,
S and Scuderi, S and Sebra, R and Shibata, M and Shieh, AW and Skarica, M and Sun, W and Swarup, V and Thomas, A and Tsuji, J and van Bakel, H and Wang,
D and Wang, Y and Wang, K and Werling, DM and Willsey, AJ and Witt, H and Won,
H and Wong, CCY and Wray, GA and Wu, EY and Xu, X and Yao, L and Senthil, G and Lehner, T and Sklar, P and Sestan, N},
Title = {The PsychENCODE project.},
Journal = {Nat Neurosci},
Volume = {18},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1707-1712},
Year = {2015},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.4156},
Abstract = {Recent research on disparate psychiatric disorders has
implicated rare variants in genes involved in global gene
regulation and chromatin modification, as well as many
common variants located primarily in regulatory regions of
the genome. Understanding precisely how these variants
contribute to disease will require a deeper appreciation for
the mechanisms of gene regulation in the developing and
adult human brain. The PsychENCODE project aims to produce a
public resource of multidimensional genomic data using
tissue- and cell type–specific samples from approximately
1,000 phenotypically well-characterized, high-quality
healthy and disease-affected human post-mortem brains, as
well as functionally characterize disease-associated
regulatory elements and variants in model systems. We are
beginning with a focus on autism spectrum disorder, bipolar
disorder and schizophrenia, and expect that this knowledge
will apply to a wide variety of psychiatric disorders. This
paper outlines the motivation and design of
PsychENCODE.},
Doi = {10.1038/nn.4156},
Key = {fds323974}
}
@article{fds322331,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {Molecular clocks and the early evolution of metazoan nervous
systems.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {370},
Number = {1684},
Pages = {20150046},
Year = {2015},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0046},
Abstract = {The timing of early animal evolution remains poorly
resolved, yet remains critical for understanding nervous
system evolution. Methods for estimating divergence times
from sequence data have improved considerably, providing a
more refined understanding of key divergences. The best
molecular estimates point to the origin of metazoans and
bilaterians tens to hundreds of millions of years earlier
than their first appearances in the fossil record. Both the
molecular and fossil records are compatible, however, with
the possibility of tiny, unskeletonized, low energy budget
animals during the Proterozoic that had planktonic, benthic,
or meiofaunal lifestyles. Such animals would likely have had
relatively simple nervous systems equipped primarily to
detect food, avoid inhospitable environments and locate
mates. The appearance of the first macropredators during the
Cambrian would have changed the selective landscape
dramatically, likely driving the evolution of complex sense
organs, sophisticated sensory processing systems, and
diverse effector systems involved in capturing prey and
avoiding predation.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2015.0046},
Key = {fds322331}
}
@article{fds231457,
Author = {Bauernfeind, AL and Reyzer, ML and Caprioli, RM and Ely, JJ and Babbitt,
CC and Wray, GA and Hof, PR and Sherwood, CC},
Title = {High spatial resolution proteomic comparison of the brain in
humans and chimpanzees.},
Journal = {The Journal of comparative neurology},
Volume = {523},
Number = {14},
Pages = {2043-2061},
Year = {2015},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0021-9967},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.23777},
Abstract = {We performed high-throughput mass spectrometry at high
spatial resolution from individual regions (anterior
cingulate and primary motor, somatosensory, and visual
cortices) and layers of the neocortex (layers III, IV, and
V) and cerebellum (granule cell layer), as well as the
caudate nucleus in humans and chimpanzees. A total of 39
mass spectrometry peaks were matched with probable protein
identifications in both species, allowing for comparison in
expression. We explored how the pattern of protein
expression varies across regions and cortical layers to
provide insights into the differences in molecular phenotype
of these neural structures between species. The expression
of proteins differed principally in a region- and
layer-specific pattern, with more subtle differences between
species. Specifically, human and chimpanzee brains were
similar in their distribution of proteins related to the
regulation of transcription and enzyme activity but differed
in their expression of proteins supporting aerobic
metabolism. Whereas most work assessing molecular expression
differences in the brains of primates has been performed on
gene transcripts, this dataset extends current understanding
of the differential molecular expression that may underlie
human cognitive specializations.},
Doi = {10.1002/cne.23777},
Key = {fds231457}
}
@article{fds323975,
Author = {Bauernfeind, AL and Soderblom, EJ and Turner, ME and Moseley, MA and Ely, JJ and Hof, PR and Sherwood, CC and Wray, GA and Babbitt,
CC},
Title = {Evolutionary Divergence of Gene and Protein Expression in
the Brains of Humans and Chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Genome Biol Evol},
Volume = {7},
Number = {8},
Pages = {2276-2288},
Year = {2015},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evv132},
Abstract = {Although transcriptomic profiling has become the standard
approach for exploring molecular differences in the primate
brain, very little is known about how the expression levels
of gene transcripts relate to downstream protein abundance.
Moreover, it is unknown whether the relationship changes
depending on the brain region or species under
investigation. We performed high-throughput transcriptomic
(RNA-Seq) and proteomic (liquid chromatography coupled with
tandem mass spectrometry) analyses on two regions of the
human and chimpanzee brain: The anterior cingulate cortex
and caudate nucleus. In both brain regions, we found a lower
correlation between mRNA and protein expression levels in
humans and chimpanzees than has been reported for other
tissues and cell types, suggesting that the brain may engage
extensive tissue-specific regulation affecting protein
abundance. In both species, only a few categories of
biological function exhibited strong correlations between
mRNA and protein expression levels. These categories
included oxidative metabolism and protein synthesis and
modification, indicating that the expression levels of mRNA
transcripts supporting these biological functions are more
predictive of protein expression compared with other
functional categories. More generally, however, the two
measures of molecular expression provided strikingly
divergent perspectives into differential expression between
human and chimpanzee brains: mRNA comparisons revealed
significant differences in neuronal communication, ion
transport, and regulatory processes, whereas protein
comparisons indicated differences in perception and
cognition, metabolic processes, and organization of the
cytoskeleton. Our results highlight the importance of
examining protein expression in evolutionary analyses and
call for a more thorough understanding of tissue-specific
protein expression levels.},
Doi = {10.1093/gbe/evv132},
Key = {fds323975}
}
@article{fds231459,
Author = {Muntané, G and Horvath, JE and Hof, PR and Ely, JJ and Hopkins, WD and Raghanti, MA and Lewandowski, AH and Wray, GA and Sherwood,
CC},
Title = {Analysis of synaptic gene expression in the neocortex of
primates reveals evolutionary changes in glutamatergic
neurotransmission.},
Journal = {Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)},
Volume = {25},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1596-1607},
Year = {2015},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1047-3211},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bht354},
Abstract = {Increased relative brain size characterizes the evolution of
primates, suggesting that enhanced cognition plays an
important part in the behavioral adaptations of this
mammalian order. In addition to changes in brain anatomy,
cognition can also be regulated by molecular changes that
alter synaptic function, but little is known about
modifications of synapses in primate brain evolution. The
aim of the current study was to investigate the expression
patterns and evolution of 20 synaptic genes from the
prefrontal cortex of 12 primate species. The genes
investigated included glutamate receptors, scaffolding
proteins, synaptic vesicle components, as well as factors
involved in synaptic vesicle release and structural
components of the nervous system. Our analyses revealed that
there have been significant changes during primate brain
evolution in the components of the glutamatergic signaling
pathway in terms of gene expression, protein expression, and
promoter sequence changes. These results could entail
functional modifications in the regulation of specific genes
related to processes underlying learning and
memory.},
Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bht354},
Key = {fds231459}
}
@article{fds324079,
Author = {Babbitt, CC and Pfefferle, LW and Crawford, GE and Wray,
GA},
Title = {Evolution of gene expression network underlying a disease
state},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {55},
Pages = {E7-E7},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2015},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds324079}
}
@article{fds231461,
Author = {Boyd, JL and Skove, SL and Rouanet, JP and Pilaz, L-J and Bepler, T and Gordân, R and Wray, GA and Silver, DL},
Title = {Human-chimpanzee differences in a FZD8 enhancer alter
cell-cycle dynamics in the developing neocortex.},
Journal = {Curr Biol},
Volume = {25},
Number = {6},
Pages = {772-779},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0960-9822},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9492 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {The human neocortex differs from that of other great apes in
several notable regards, including altered cell cycle,
prolonged corticogenesis, and increased size [1-5]. Although
these evolutionary changes most likely contributed to the
origin of distinctively human cognitive faculties, their
genetic basis remains almost entirely unknown. Highly
conserved non-coding regions showing rapid sequence changes
along the human lineage are candidate loci for the
development and evolution of uniquely human traits. Several
studies have identified human-accelerated enhancers [6-14],
but none have linked an expression difference to a specific
organismal trait. Here we report the discovery of a
human-accelerated regulatory enhancer (HARE5) of FZD8, a
receptor of the Wnt pathway implicated in brain development
and size [15, 16]. Using transgenic mice, we demonstrate
dramatic differences in human and chimpanzee HARE5 activity,
with human HARE5 driving early and robust expression at the
onset of corticogenesis. Similar to HARE5 activity, FZD8 is
expressed in neural progenitors of the developing neocortex
[17-19]. Chromosome conformation capture assays reveal that
HARE5 physically and specifically contacts the core Fzd8
promoter in the mouse embryonic neocortex. To assess the
phenotypic consequences of HARE5 activity, we generated
transgenic mice in which Fzd8 expression is under control of
orthologous enhancers (Pt-HARE5::Fzd8 and Hs-HARE5::Fzd8).
In comparison to Pt-HARE5::Fzd8, Hs-HARE5::Fzd8 mice showed
marked acceleration of neural progenitor cell cycle and
increased brain size. Changes in HARE5 function unique to
humans thus alter the cell-cycle dynamics of a critical
population of stem cells during corticogenesis and may
underlie some distinctive anatomical features of the human
brain.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2015.01.041},
Key = {fds231461}
}
@article{fds324080,
Author = {Bauernfeind, AL and Reyzer, ML and Caprioli, RM and Ely, JJ and Babbitt,
CC and Wray, GA and Hof, PR and Sherwood, CC},
Title = {Differences in energy metabolism in the brains of humans and
chimpanzees: a study of protein expression},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {156},
Pages = {80-80},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds324080}
}
@article{fds324081,
Author = {Babbitt, CC and Wray, GA},
Title = {Evolution of gene expression network underlying a disease
state in humans and non-human primates},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {156},
Pages = {74-74},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds324081}
}
@article{fds231460,
Author = {Laland, K and Uller, T and Feldman, M and Sterelny, K and Müller, GB and Moczek, A and Jablonka, E and Odling-Smee, J and Wray, GA and Hoekstra,
HE and Futuyma, DJ and Lenski, RE and Mackay, TFC and Schluter, D and Strassmann, JE},
Title = {Does evolutionary theory need a rethink?},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {514},
Number = {7521},
Pages = {161-164},
Publisher = {NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP},
Year = {2014},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/514161a},
Doi = {10.1038/514161a},
Key = {fds231460}
}
@article{fds231463,
Author = {Horvath, JE and Ramachandran, GL and Fedrigo, O and Nielsen, WJ and Babbitt, CC and St Clair and EM and Pfefferle, LW and Jernvall, J and Wray,
GA and Wall, CE},
Title = {Genetic comparisons yield insight into the evolution of
enamel thickness during human evolution.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {73},
Pages = {75-87},
Year = {2014},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.01.005},
Abstract = {Enamel thickness varies substantially among extant hominoids
and is a key trait with significance for interpreting
dietary adaptation, life history trajectory, and
phylogenetic relationships. There is a strong link in humans
between enamel formation and mutations in the exons of the
four genes that code for the enamel matrix proteins and the
associated protease. The evolution of thick enamel in humans
may have included changes in the regulation of these genes
during tooth development. The cis-regulatory region in the
5' flank (upstream non-coding region) of MMP20, which codes
for enamelysin, the predominant protease active during
enamel secretion, has previously been shown to be under
strong positive selection in the lineages leading to both
humans and chimpanzees. Here we examine evidence for
positive selection in the 5' flank and 3' flank of AMELX,
AMBN, ENAM, and MMP20. We contrast the human sequence
changes with other hominoids (chimpanzees, gorillas,
orangutans, gibbons) and rhesus macaques (outgroup), a
sample comprising a range of enamel thickness. We find no
evidence for positive selection in the protein-coding
regions of any of these genes. In contrast, we find strong
evidence for positive selection in the 5' flank region of
MMP20 and ENAM along the lineage leading to humans, and in
both the 5' flank and 3' flank regions of MMP20 along the
lineage leading to chimpanzees. We also identify putative
transcription factor binding sites overlapping some of the
species-specific nucleotide sites and we refine which
sections of the up- and downstream putative regulatory
regions are most likely to harbor important changes. These
non-coding changes and their potential for differential
regulation by transcription factors known to regulate tooth
development may offer insight into the mechanisms that allow
for rapid evolutionary changes in enamel thickness across
closely-related species, and contribute to our understanding
of the enamel phenotype in hominoids.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.01.005},
Key = {fds231463}
}
@article{fds231456,
Author = {Liu, S and Lorenzen, ED and Fumagalli, M and Li, B and Harris, K and Xiong,
Z and Zhou, L and Korneliussen, TS and Somel, M and Babbitt, C and Wray, G and Li, J and He, W and Wang, Z and Fu, W and Xiang, X and Morgan, CC and Doherty,
A and O'Connell, MJ and McInerney, JO and Born, EW and Dalén, L and Dietz,
R and Orlando, L and Sonne, C and Zhang, G and Nielsen, R and Willerslev,
E and Wang, J},
Title = {Population genomics reveal recent speciation and rapid
evolutionary adaptation in polar bears.},
Journal = {Cell},
Volume = {157},
Number = {4},
Pages = {785-794},
Year = {2014},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0092-8674},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.054},
Abstract = {Polar bears are uniquely adapted to life in the High Arctic
and have undergone drastic physiological changes in response
to Arctic climates and a hyper-lipid diet of primarily
marine mammal prey. We analyzed 89 complete genomes of polar
bear and brown bear using population genomic modeling and
show that the species diverged only 479-343 thousand years
BP. We find that genes on the polar bear lineage have been
under stronger positive selection than in brown bears; nine
of the top 16 genes under strong positive selection are
associated with cardiomyopathy and vascular disease,
implying important reorganization of the cardiovascular
system. One of the genes showing the strongest evidence of
selection, APOB, encodes the primary lipoprotein component
of low-density lipoprotein (LDL); functional mutations in
APOB may explain how polar bears are able to cope with
life-long elevated LDL levels that are associated with high
risk of heart disease in humans.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.054},
Key = {fds231456}
}
@article{fds231465,
Author = {Wygoda, JA and Yang, Y and Byrne, M and Wray, GA},
Title = {Transcriptomic analysis of the highly derived radial body
plan of a sea urchin.},
Journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
Volume = {6},
Number = {4},
Pages = {964-973},
Year = {2014},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evu070},
Abstract = {With their complex life cycle and highly derived body plan,
echinoderms are unique among bilaterians. Although early
development has been intensively studied, the molecular
mechanisms underlying development of the adult echinoderm
and its unusual radial body plan are largely unknown. To
investigate the evolution of developmental changes in gene
expression underlying radial body plan development and
metamorphosis, we assembled a reference transcriptome de
novo and used RNA-seq to measure gene expression profiles
across larval, metamorphic, and postmetamorphic life cycle
phases in the sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma. Our
results present a high-resolution view of gene expression
dynamics during the complex transition from pre- to
postmetamorphic development and suggest that distinct sets
of regulatory and effector proteins are used during
different life history phases. These analyses provide an
important foundation for more detailed analyses of the
evolution of the radial adult body of echinoderms.},
Doi = {10.1093/gbe/evu070},
Key = {fds231465}
}
@article{fds231464,
Author = {Bauernfeind, AL and Soderblom, EJ and Turner, ME and Moseley, AM and Ely, JJ and Hof, PR and Sherwood, CC and Wray, GA and Babbitt,
CC},
Title = {Differential gene and protein expression in the human and
chimpanzee brain: A comparison using high-throughput
techniques},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {153},
Pages = {73-73},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000331225100043&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds231464}
}
@article{fds324082,
Author = {Wygoda, JA and Byrne, M and Mcclay, DR and Wray, GA},
Title = {Shifts in the Expression of Developmental Regulatory Genes
Involved in the Evolution of a Novel Life History
Difference},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {54},
Pages = {E230-E230},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds324082}
}
@article{fds324083,
Author = {Wygoda, JA and Koop, D and Yang, J and Wray, GA and Byrne,
M},
Title = {Developmental Transcriptome of Heliociaris erythrogramma -
from bilateral larva to radial juvenile},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {54},
Pages = {E372-E372},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds324083}
}
@article{fds322169,
Author = {Ganapathy, G and Howard, JT and Ward, JM and Li, J and Li, B and Li, Y and Xiong, Y and Zhang, Y and Zhou, S and Schwartz, DC and Schatz, M and Aboukhalil, R and Fedrigo, O and Bukovnik, L and Wang, T and Wray, G and Rasolonjatovo, I and Winer, R and Knight, JR and Koren, S and Warren,
WC and Zhang, G and Phillippy, AM and Jarvis, ED},
Title = {High-coverage sequencing and annotated assemblies of the
budgerigar genome.},
Journal = {Gigascience},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {11},
Year = {2014},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2047-217X-3-11},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Parrots belong to a group of behaviorally
advanced vertebrates and have an advanced ability of vocal
learning relative to other vocal-learning birds. They can
imitate human speech, synchronize their body movements to a
rhythmic beat, and understand complex concepts of
referential meaning to sounds. However, little is known
about the genetics of these traits. Elucidating the genetic
bases would require whole genome sequencing and a robust
assembly of a parrot genome. FINDINGS: We present a genomic
resource for the budgerigar, an Australian Parakeet
(Melopsittacus undulatus) -- the most widely studied parrot
species in neuroscience and behavior. We present genomic
sequence data that includes over 300× raw read coverage
from multiple sequencing technologies and chromosome optical
maps from a single male animal. The reads and optical maps
were used to create three hybrid assemblies representing
some of the largest genomic scaffolds to date for a bird;
two of which were annotated based on similarities to
reference sets of non-redundant human, zebra finch and
chicken proteins, and budgerigar transcriptome sequence
assemblies. The sequence reads for this project were in part
generated and used for both the Assemblathon 2 competition
and the first de novo assembly of a giga-scale vertebrate
genome utilizing PacBio single-molecule sequencing.
CONCLUSIONS: Across several quality metrics, these
budgerigar assemblies are comparable to or better than the
chicken and zebra finch genome assemblies built from
traditional Sanger sequencing reads, and are sufficient to
analyze regions that are difficult to sequence and assemble,
including those not yet assembled in prior bird genomes, and
promoter regions of genes differentially regulated in vocal
learning brain regions. This work provides valuable data and
material for genome technology development and for
investigating the genomics of complex behavioral
traits.},
Doi = {10.1186/2047-217X-3-11},
Key = {fds322169}
}
@article{fds231470,
Author = {Garfield, DA and Runcie, DE and Babbitt, CC and Haygood, R and Nielsen,
WJ and Wray, GA},
Title = {The impact of gene expression variation on the robustness
and evolvability of a developmental gene regulatory
network.},
Journal = {PLoS biology},
Volume = {11},
Number = {10},
Pages = {e1001696},
Year = {2013},
Month = {October},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24204211},
Abstract = {Regulatory interactions buffer development against genetic
and environmental perturbations, but adaptation requires
phenotypes to change. We investigated the relationship
between robustness and evolvability within the gene
regulatory network underlying development of the larval
skeleton in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. We
find extensive variation in gene expression in this network
throughout development in a natural population, some of
which has a heritable genetic basis. Switch-like regulatory
interactions predominate during early development, buffer
expression variation, and may promote the accumulation of
cryptic genetic variation affecting early stages. Regulatory
interactions during later development are typically more
sensitive (linear), allowing variation in expression to
affect downstream target genes. Variation in skeletal
morphology is associated primarily with expression variation
of a few, primarily structural, genes at terminal positions
within the network. These results indicate that the position
and properties of gene interactions within a network can
have important evolutionary consequences independent of
their immediate regulatory role.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.1001696},
Key = {fds231470}
}
@article{fds231473,
Author = {Runcie, DE and Wiedmann, RT and Archie, EA and Altmann, J and Wray, GA and Alberts, SC and Tung, J},
Title = {Social environment influences the relationship between
genotype and gene expression in wild baboons.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {368},
Number = {1618},
Pages = {20120345},
Year = {2013},
Month = {May},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23569293},
Abstract = {Variation in the social environment can have profound
effects on survival and reproduction in wild social mammals.
However, we know little about the degree to which these
effects are influenced by genetic differences among
individuals, and conversely, the degree to which social
environmental variation mediates genetic reaction norms. To
better understand these relationships, we investigated the
potential for dominance rank, social connectedness and group
size to modify the effects of genetic variation on gene
expression in the wild baboons of the Amboseli basin. We
found evidence for a number of gene-environment interactions
(GEIs) associated with variation in the social environment,
encompassing social environments experienced in adulthood as
well as persistent effects of early life social environment.
Social connectedness, maternal dominance rank and group size
all interacted with genotype to influence gene expression in
at least one sex, and either in early life or in adulthood.
These results suggest that social and behavioural variation,
akin to other factors such as age and sex, can impact the
genotype-phenotype relationship. We conclude that GEIs
mediated by the social environment are important in the
evolution and maintenance of individual differences in wild
social mammals, including individual differences in
responses to social stressors.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2012.0345},
Key = {fds231473}
}
@article{fds231466,
Author = {Runcie, DE and Garfield, DA and Babbitt, CC and Pfefferle, A and Nielsen, WJ and Wray, GA},
Title = {Phenotypic plasticity and the developmental regulatory
network in the purple sea urchin},
Journal = {ECHINODERMS IN A CHANGING WORLD},
Pages = {300-301},
Publisher = {CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP},
Editor = {Johnson, C},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {978-1-138-00010-0},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000328334100125&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds231466}
}
@article{fds231467,
Author = {Wray, GA and Garfield, D and Runcie, D},
Title = {Evolution of an embryonic gene regulatory network in the sea
urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus},
Journal = {ECHINODERMS IN A CHANGING WORLD},
Pages = {276-276},
Publisher = {CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP},
Editor = {Johnson, C},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {978-1-138-00010-0},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000328334100087&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds231467}
}
@article{fds231468,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {Genomics and the evolution of phenotypic
traits},
Journal = {Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and
Systematics},
Volume = {44},
Number = {1},
Pages = {51-72},
Publisher = {ANNUAL REVIEWS},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1543-592X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110512-135828},
Abstract = {Evolutionary genetics has entered an unprecedented era of
discovery, catalyzed in large part by the development of
technologies that provide information about genome sequence
and function. An important benefit is the ability to move
beyond a handful of model organisms in lab settings to
identify the genetic basis for evolutionarily interesting
traits in many organisms in natural settings. Other benefits
are the abilities to identify causal mutations and validate
their phenotypic consequences more readily and in many more
species. Genomic technologies have reinvigorated interest in
some of the most fundamental and persistent questions in
evolutionary genetics, revealed previously unsuspected
evolutionary phenomena, and opened the door to a wide range
of new questions. © Copyright ©2013 by Annual Reviews. All
rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110512-135828},
Key = {fds231468}
}
@article{fds231471,
Author = {Pfefferle, LW and Wray, GA},
Title = {Insights from a chimpanzee adipose stromal cell population:
opportunities for adult stem cells to expand primate
functional genomics.},
Journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
Volume = {5},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1995-2005},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24092797},
Abstract = {Comparisons between humans and chimpanzees are essential for
understanding traits unique to each species. However,
linking important phenotypic differences to underlying
molecular changes is often challenging. The ability to
generate, differentiate, and profile adult stem cells
provides a powerful but underutilized opportunity to
investigate the molecular basis for trait differences
between species within specific cell types and in a
controlled environment. Here, we characterize adipose
stromal cells (ASCs) from Clint, the chimpanzee whose genome
was first sequenced. Using imaging and RNA-Seq, we compare
the chimpanzee ASCs with three comparable human cell lines.
Consistent with previous studies on ASCs in humans, the
chimpanzee cells have fibroblast-like morphology and express
genes encoding components of the extracellular matrix at
high levels. Differentially expressed genes are enriched for
distinct functional classes between species: immunity and
protein processing are higher in chimpanzees, whereas cell
cycle and DNA processing are higher in humans. Although
hesitant to draw definitive conclusions from these data
given the limited sample size, we wish to stress the
opportunities that adult stem cells offer for studying
primate evolution. In particular, adult stem cells provide a
powerful means to investigate the profound disease
susceptibilities unique to humans and a promising tool for
conservation efforts with nonhuman primates. By allowing for
experimental perturbations in relevant cell types, adult
stem cells promise to complement classic comparative primate
genomics based on in vivo sampling.},
Doi = {10.1093/gbe/evt148},
Key = {fds231471}
}
@article{fds219910,
Author = {L.W. Pfefferle and G.A. Wray},
Title = {Insights from a chimpanzee adipose stromal cells population:
opportunities for adult stem cells to expand primate
functional genomics},
Journal = {Genome Biology and Evolution},
Volume = {5},
Pages = {1995-2005},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds219910}
}
@article{fds219912,
Author = {J. Muntane and J.E. Horvath and P. Hof and J. Ely and W.D. Hopkins and M.A.
Raghanti, A.H. Lewandowski and G.A. Wray and C.
Sherwood},
Title = {Analysis of synaptic gene expression in the neocortex of
primates reveals evolutionary changes in glutamatergic
neurotransmission},
Journal = {Cerebral Cortex},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds219912}
}
@article{fds231558,
Author = {Runcie, DE and Garfield, DA and Babbitt, CC and Wygoda, JA and Mukherjee, S and Wray, GA},
Title = {Genetics of gene expression responses to temperature stress
in a sea urchin gene network.},
Journal = {Molecular ecology},
Volume = {21},
Number = {18},
Pages = {4547-4562},
Year = {2012},
Month = {September},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22856327},
Abstract = {Stress responses play an important role in shaping species
distributions and robustness to climate change. We
investigated how stress responses alter the contribution of
additive genetic variation to gene expression during
development of the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus
purpuratus, under increased temperatures that model
realistic climate change scenarios. We first measured gene
expression responses in the embryos by RNA-seq to
characterize molecular signatures of mild, chronic
temperature stress in an unbiased manner. We found that an
increase from 12 to 18 °C caused widespread alterations in
gene expression including in genes involved in protein
folding, RNA processing and development. To understand the
quantitative genetic architecture of this response, we then
focused on a well-characterized gene network involved in
endomesoderm and ectoderm specification. Using a breeding
design with wild-caught individuals, we measured genetic and
gene-environment interaction effects on 72 genes within this
network. We found genetic or maternal effects in 33 of these
genes and that the genetic effects were correlated in the
network. Fourteen network genes also responded to higher
temperatures, but we found no significant
genotype-environment interactions in any of the genes. This
absence may be owing to an effective buffering of the
temperature perturbations within the network. In support of
this hypothesis, perturbations to regulatory genes did not
affect the expression of the genes that they regulate.
Together, these results provide novel insights into the
relationship between environmental change and developmental
evolution and suggest that climate change may not expose
large amounts of cryptic genetic variation to selection in
this species.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05717.x},
Key = {fds231558}
}
@article{fds231557,
Author = {Shibata, Y and Sheffield, NC and Fedrigo, O and Babbitt, CC and Wortham,
M and Tewari, AK and London, D and Song, L and Lee, B-K and Iyer, VR and Parker, SCJ and Margulies, EH and Wray, GA and Furey, TS and Crawford,
GE},
Title = {Extensive evolutionary changes in regulatory element
activity during human origins are associated with altered
gene expression and positive selection.},
Journal = {PLoS Genet},
Volume = {8},
Number = {6},
Pages = {e1002789},
Year = {2012},
Month = {June},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22761590},
Abstract = {Understanding the molecular basis for phenotypic differences
between humans and other primates remains an outstanding
challenge. Mutations in non-coding regulatory DNA that alter
gene expression have been hypothesized as a key driver of
these phenotypic differences. This has been supported by
differential gene expression analyses in general, but not by
the identification of specific regulatory elements
responsible for changes in transcription and phenotype. To
identify the genetic source of regulatory differences, we
mapped DNaseI hypersensitive (DHS) sites, which mark all
types of active gene regulatory elements, genome-wide in the
same cell type isolated from human, chimpanzee, and macaque.
Most DHS sites were conserved among all three species, as
expected based on their central role in regulating
transcription. However, we found evidence that several
hundred DHS sites were gained or lost on the lineages
leading to modern human and chimpanzee. Species-specific DHS
site gains are enriched near differentially expressed genes,
are positively correlated with increased transcription, show
evidence of branch-specific positive selection, and overlap
with active chromatin marks. Species-specific sequence
differences in transcription factor motifs found within
these DHS sites are linked with species-specific changes in
chromatin accessibility. Together, these indicate that the
regulatory elements identified here are genetic contributors
to transcriptional and phenotypic differences among primate
species.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pgen.1002789},
Key = {fds231557}
}
@article{fds231483,
Author = {Babbitt, CC and Pfefferle, LW and Fedrigo, O and Wray,
GA},
Title = {Conservation and function of noncoding RNAs in primate
evolution},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {52},
Pages = {E8-E8},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2012},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1540-7063},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000303165000031&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds231483}
}
@article{fds231556,
Author = {Garfield, D and Haygood, R and Nielsen, WJ and Wray,
GA},
Title = {Population genetics of cis-regulatory sequences that operate
during embryonic development in the sea urchin
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.},
Journal = {Evolution & development},
Volume = {14},
Number = {2},
Pages = {152-167},
Year = {2012},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23017024},
Abstract = {Despite the fact that noncoding sequences comprise a
substantial fraction of functional sites within all genomes,
the evolutionary mechanisms that operate on genetic
variation within regulatory elements remain poorly
understood. In this study, we examine the population
genetics of the core, upstream cis-regulatory regions of
eight genes (AN, CyIIa, CyIIIa, Endo16, FoxB, HE, SM30 a,
and SM50) that function during the early development of the
purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
Quantitative and qualitative measures of segregating
variation are not conspicuously different between
cis-regulatory and closely linked "proxy neutral" noncoding
regions containing no known functional sites. Length and
compound mutations are common in noncoding sequences;
conventional descriptive statistics ignore such mutations,
under-representing true genetic variation by approximately
28% for these loci in this population. Patterns of variation
in the cis-regulatory regions of six of the genes examined
(CyIIa, CyIIIa, Endo16, FoxB, AN, and HE) are consistent
with directional selection. Genetic variation within
annotated transcription factor binding sites is comparable
to, and frequently greater than, that of surrounding
sequences. Comparisons of two paralog pairs (CyIIa/CyIIIa
and AN/HE) suggest that distinct evolutionary processes have
operated on their cis-regulatory regions following gene
duplication. Together, these analyses provide a detailed
view of the evolutionary mechanisms operating on noncoding
sequences within a natural population, and underscore how
little is known about how these processes operate on
cis-regulatory sequences.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1525-142x.2012.00532.x},
Key = {fds231556}
}
@article{fds231486,
Author = {Horvath, JE and Wu, C and Toler, M and Fedrigo, O and Pfefferle, LW and Moore, A and Ramachandran, GL and Babbitt, CC and Jernvall, J and Wray,
GA and Wall, CE},
Title = {Enamel thickness in Microcebus murinus and Macaca mulana and
the evolutionary genetics of enamel matrix proteins in
hominoids.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {147},
Pages = {168-168},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000300498700392&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds231486}
}
@article{fds231560,
Author = {Babbitt, CC and Tung, J and Wray, GA and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Changes in gene expression associated with reproductive
maturation in wild female baboons.},
Journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
Volume = {4},
Number = {2},
Pages = {102-109},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1759-6653},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evr134},
Abstract = {Changes in gene expression during development play an
important role in shaping morphological and behavioral
differences, including between humans and nonhuman primates.
Although many of the most striking developmental changes
occur during early development, reproductive maturation
represents another critical window in primate life history.
However, this process is difficult to study at the molecular
level in natural primate populations. Here, we took
advantage of ovarian samples made available through an
unusual episode of human-wildlife conflict to identify genes
that are important in this process. Specifically, we used
RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to compare genome-wide gene
expression patterns in the ovarian tissue of juvenile and
adult female baboons from Amboseli National Park, Kenya. We
combined this information with prior evidence of selection
occurring on two primate lineages (human and chimpanzee). We
found that in cases in which genes were both differentially
expressed over the course of ovarian maturation and also
linked to lineage-specific selection this selective
signature was much more likely to occur in regulatory
regions than in coding regions. These results suggest that
adaptive change in the development of the primate ovary may
be largely driven at the mechanistic level by selection on
gene regulation, potentially in relationship to the
physiology or timing of female reproductive
maturation.},
Doi = {10.1093/gbe/evr134},
Key = {fds231560}
}
@article{fds213393,
Author = {L. Pinto and A. Ragunathan and P. Kapoor and M. McRae and D. Cantelmi and A. Heyland and G.A. Wray and J. Stone},
Title = {Rudiment resorption observed serendipitously during sea
urchin development},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds213393}
}
@article{fds231555,
Author = {Smith, MS and Wray, GA and Raff, RA},
Title = {Revisiting cell lineage and cell fate in light of the
evolution of axis formation in Heliocidaris
erythrogramma},
Journal = {Evolution & Development},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds231555}
}
@article{fds231564,
Author = {Bilbo, SD and Wray, GA and Perkins, SE and Parker,
W},
Title = {Reconstitution of the human biome as the most reasonable
solution for epidemics of allergic and autoimmune
diseases.},
Journal = {Med Hypotheses},
Volume = {77},
Number = {4},
Pages = {494-504},
Year = {2011},
Month = {October},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21741180},
Abstract = {A wide range of hyperimmune-associated diseases plague
post-industrial society, with a prevalence and impact that
is staggering. Strong evidence points towards a loss of
helminths from the ecosystem of the human body (the human
biome) as the most important factor in this epidemic.
Helminths, intestinal worms which are largely eradicated by
elements of post-industrial culture including toilets and
water treatment facilities, have an otherwise ubiquitous
presence in vertebrates, and have co-evolved with the immune
system. Not only do helminths discourage allergic and
autoimmune reactions by diverting the immune system away
from these pathologic processes and stimulating host
regulatory networks, helminths release a variety of factors
which down-modulate the immune system. A comprehensive view
of hyperimmune-related disease based on studies in
immunology, parasitology, evolutionary biology,
epidemiology, and neurobiology indicates that the effects of
biome depletion may not yet be fully realized, and may have
an unexpectedly broad impact on many areas of human biology,
including cognition. Fortunately, colonization with
helminths results in a cure of numerous autoimmune and
allergic diseases in laboratory rodents, and clinical
studies in humans have indicated their utility for treatment
of both multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease.
Based on these considerations, commitment of considerable
resources toward understanding the effects of "biome
depletion" and systematically evaluating the most effective
approach toward biome reconstitution is strongly
encouraged.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.mehy.2011.06.019},
Key = {fds231564}
}
@article{fds231563,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {Evolution. CNCing is believing.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {333},
Number = {6045},
Pages = {946-947},
Year = {2011},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21852480},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1210771},
Key = {fds231563}
}
@article{fds231539,
Author = {Babbitt, CC and Warner, LR and Fedrigo, O and Wall, CE and Wray,
GA},
Title = {Genomic signatures of diet-related shifts during human
origins.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {278},
Number = {1708},
Pages = {961-969},
Year = {2011},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21177690},
Abstract = {There are numerous anthropological analyses concerning the
importance of diet during human evolution. Diet is thought
to have had a profound influence on the human phenotype, and
dietary differences have been hypothesized to contribute to
the dramatic morphological changes seen in modern humans as
compared with non-human primates. Here, we attempt to
integrate the results of new genomic studies within this
well-developed anthropological context. We then review the
current evidence for adaptation related to diet, both at the
level of sequence changes and gene expression. Finally, we
propose some ways in which new technologies can help
identify specific genomic adaptations that have resulted in
metabolic and morphological differences between humans and
non-human primates.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2010.2433},
Key = {fds231539}
}
@article{fds231538,
Author = {Pfefferle, AD and Warner, LR and Wang, CW and Nielsen, WJ and Babbitt,
CC and Fedrigo, O and Wray, GA},
Title = {Comparative expression analysis of the phosphocreatine
circuit in extant primates: Implications for human brain
evolution.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {60},
Number = {2},
Pages = {205-212},
Year = {2011},
Month = {February},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21190724},
Abstract = {While the hominid fossil record clearly shows that brain
size has rapidly expanded over the last ~2.5 M.yr. the
forces driving this change remain unclear. One popular
hypothesis proposes that metabolic adaptations in response
to dietary shifts supported greater encephalization in
humans. An increase in meat consumption distinguishes the
human diet from that of other great apes. Creatine, an
essential metabolite for energy homeostasis in muscle and
brain tissue, is abundant in meat and was likely ingested in
higher quantities during human origins. Five phosphocreatine
circuit proteins help regulate creatine utilization within
energy demanding cells. We compared the expression of all
five phosphocreatine circuit genes in cerebral cortex,
cerebellum, and skeletal muscle tissue for humans,
chimpanzees, and rhesus macaques. Strikingly, SLC6A8 and CKB
transcript levels are higher in the human brain, which
should increase energy availability and turnover compared to
non-human primates. Combined with other well-documented
differences between humans and non-human primates, this
allocation of energy to the cerebral cortex and cerebellum
may be important in supporting the increased metabolic
demands of the human brain.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.10.004},
Key = {fds231538}
}
@article{fds231567,
Author = {Tung, J and Akinyi, MY and Mutura, S and Altmann, J and Wray, GA and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Allele-specific gene expression in a wild nonhuman primate
population.},
Journal = {Molecular ecology},
Volume = {20},
Number = {4},
Pages = {725-739},
Year = {2011},
Month = {February},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21226779},
Abstract = {Natural populations hold enormous potential for evolutionary
genetic studies, especially when phenotypic, genetic and
environmental data are all available on the same
individuals. However, untangling the genotype-phenotype
relationship in natural populations remains a major
challenge. Here, we describe results of an investigation of
one class of phenotype, allele-specific gene expression
(ASGE), in the well-studied natural population of baboons of
the Amboseli basin, Kenya. ASGE measurements identify cases
in which one allele of a gene is overexpressed relative to
the alternative allele of the same gene, within individuals,
thus providing a control for background genetic and
environmental effects. Here, we characterize the incidence
of ASGE in the Amboseli baboon population, focusing on the
genetic and environmental contributions to ASGE in a set of
eleven genes involved in immunity and defence. Within this
set, we identify evidence for common ASGE in four genes. We
also present examples of two relationships between
cis-regulatory genetic variants and the ASGE phenotype.
Finally, we identify one case in which this relationship is
influenced by a novel gene-environment interaction.
Specifically, the dominance rank of an individual's mother
during its early life (an aspect of that individual's social
environment) influences the expression of the gene CCL5 via
an interaction with cis-regulatory genetic variation. These
results illustrate how environmental and ecological data can
be integrated into evolutionary genetic studies of
functional variation in natural populations. They also
highlight the potential importance of early life
environmental variation in shaping the genetic architecture
of complex traits in wild mammals.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04970.x},
Key = {fds231567}
}
@article{fds231540,
Author = {Fedrigo, O and Pfefferle, AD and Babbitt, CC and Haygood, R and Wall,
CE and Wray, GA},
Title = {A potential role for glucose transporters in the evolution
of human brain size.},
Journal = {Brain, behavior and evolution},
Volume = {78},
Number = {4},
Pages = {315-326},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21986508},
Abstract = {Differences in cognitive abilities and the relatively large
brain are among the most striking differences between humans
and their closest primate relatives. The energy trade-off
hypothesis predicts that a major shift in energy allocation
among tissues occurred during human origins in order to
support the remarkable expansion of a metabolically
expensive brain. However, the molecular basis of this
adaptive scenario is unknown. Two glucose transporters
(SLC2A1 and SLC2A4) are promising candidates and present
intriguing mutations in humans, resulting, respectively, in
microcephaly and disruptions in whole-body glucose
homeostasis. We compared SLC2A1 and SLC2A4 expression
between humans, chimpanzees and macaques, and found
compensatory and biologically significant expression changes
on the human lineage within cerebral cortex and skeletal
muscle, consistent with mediating an energy trade-off. We
also show that these two genes are likely to have undergone
adaptation and participated in the development and
maintenance of a larger brain in the human lineage by
modulating brain and skeletal muscle energy allocation. We
found that these two genes show human-specific signatures of
positive selection on known regulatory elements within their
5'-untranslated region, suggesting an adaptation of their
regulation during human origins. This study represents the
first case where adaptive, functional and genetic lines of
evidence implicate specific genes in the evolution of human
brain size.},
Doi = {10.1159/000329852},
Key = {fds231540}
}
@article{fds231559,
Author = {Szövényi, P and Rensing, SA and Lang, D and Wray, GA and Shaw,
AJ},
Title = {Generation-biased gene expression in a bryophyte model
system.},
Journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
Volume = {28},
Number = {1},
Pages = {803-812},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20855429},
Abstract = {The evolution of land plants is tightly linked to the
evolution of the alternation of generations. Because
alternating ploidal generations share their genomes,
investigating generation-biased gene expression can give
insight into the evolution of life cycles in land plants.
Toward this end, we describe gene expression differences
associated with the alternation of isogenic sporophyte and
gametophyte generations in bryophytes, extant
representatives of early diverging land plants, using a moss
model system (Funaria hygrometrica). We found that
differentiation in gene expression between the sporophyte
and gametophyte generations is weaker in the bryophyte model
system than in Arabidopsis thaliana. This is in line with
the basal phylogenetic position of bryophytes and with the
origin of alternating generations from a purely haplontic
life cycle. Comparative analysis of F. hygrometrica and A.
thaliana gene expression data shows that there is limited
conservation of generation-biased gene expression across
land plants. However, genes showing shared sporophyte-biased
expression in both F. hygrometrica and A. thaliana appear to
be enriched for biological pathways representing critical
molecular adaptations to terrestrial life. Comparative
analyses of the expression of F. hygrometrica and A.
thaliana regulatory genes suggest that conserved regulatory
networks may be involved in growth and reproductive tissue
development of the angiosperm and bryophyte sporophyte
generations despite their morphological divergence. This
study represents the first attempt to describe
generation-biased gene expression in a plant with a
well-developed sporophyte and gametophyte generations, and
as such it lays the foundation for future targeted research
on the developmental mechanisms underlying evolutionary
diversification of plant sporophytes.},
Doi = {10.1093/molbev/msq254},
Key = {fds231559}
}
@article{fds203307,
Author = {P. Szovenyi and S.A. Rensing and D. Lang and G.A. Wray and A.J.
Shaw},
Title = {Generation-biased gene expression in a bryophyte model
systems},
Journal = {Molecular Biology and Evolution},
Volume = {28},
Pages = {803-812},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds203307}
}
@article{fds231561,
Author = {Babbitt, CC and Warner, LR and Fedrigo, O and Wall, CE and Wray,
GA},
Title = {Genomic signatures of diet-related shifts in primate
evolution},
Journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
B},
Volume = {278},
Pages = {961-969},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds231561}
}
@article{fds231562,
Author = {Fedrigo, O and Pfefferele, AD and Babbitt, CC and Haygood, R and Wall,
CE and Wray, GA},
Title = {Molecular evidence that a metabolic trade-off contributed to
human brain size evolution},
Journal = {Brain, Behavior, and Evolution},
Volume = {78},
Pages = {315-326},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds231562}
}
@article{fds231565,
Author = {Yokoyama, KD and Thorne, JL and Wray, GA},
Title = {Coordinated genome-wide modifications within proximal
promoter cis-regulatory elements during vertebrate
evolution},
Journal = {Genome Biology and Evolution},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {66-74},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21118975},
Abstract = {There often exists a "one-to-many" relationship between a
transcription factor and a multitude of binding sites
throughout the genome. It is commonly assumed that
transcription factor binding motifs remain largely static
over the course of evolution because changes in binding
specificity can alter the interactions with potentially
hundreds of sites across the genome. Focusing on regulatory
motifs overrepresented at specific locations within or near
the promoter, we find that a surprisingly large number of
cis-regulatory elements have been subject to coordinated
genome-wide modifications during vertebrate evolution, such
that the motif frequency changes on a single branch of
vertebrate phylogeny. This was found to be the case even
between closely related mammal species, with nearly a third
of all location-specific consensus motifs exhibiting
significant modifications within the human or mouse lineage
since their divergence. Many of these modifications are
likely to be compensatory changes throughout the genome
following changes in protein factor binding affinities,
whereas others may be due to changes in mutation rates or
effective population size. The likelihood that this happened
many times during vertebrate evolution highlights the need
to examine additional taxa and to understand the
evolutionary and molecular mechanisms underlying the
evolution of protein-DNA interactions.},
Doi = {10.1093/gbe/evq078},
Key = {fds231565}
}
@article{fds231566,
Author = {Pfefferle, AD and Warner, LR and Wang, CW and Nielsen, WJ and Babbitt,
CC and Fedrigo, O and Wray, GA},
Title = {Expression analysis of the phosphocreatine circuit in extant
primates: Implications for human brain evolution},
Journal = {Journal for Human Evolution},
Volume = {60},
Pages = {205-211},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds231566}
}
@article{fds231568,
Author = {Tung, J and Alberts, SC and Wray, GA},
Title = {Evolutionary genetics in wild primates: combining genetic
approaches with field studies of natural
populations.},
Journal = {Trends in genetics : TIG},
Volume = {26},
Number = {8},
Pages = {353-362},
Year = {2010},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0168-9525},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20580115},
Abstract = {Ecological and evolutionary studies of wild primates hold
important keys to understanding both the shared
characteristics of primate biology and the genetic and
phenotypic differences that make specific lineages,
including our own, unique. Although complementary genetic
research on nonhuman primates has long been of interest,
recent technological and methodological advances now enable
functional and population genetic studies in an
unprecedented manner. In the past several years, novel
genetic data sets have revealed new information about the
demographic history of primate populations and the genetics
of adaptively important traits. In combination with the rich
history of behavioral, ecological, and physiological work on
natural primate populations, genetic approaches promise to
provide a compelling picture of primate evolution in the
past and in the present day.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tig.2010.05.005},
Key = {fds231568}
}
@article{fds231571,
Author = {Haygood, R and Babbitt, CC and Fedrigo, O and Wray,
GA},
Title = {Contrasts between adaptive coding and noncoding changes
during human evolution.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {107},
Number = {17},
Pages = {7853-7857},
Year = {2010},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20385805},
Abstract = {Changes in non-protein-coding regulatory DNA sequences have
been proposed to play distinctive roles in adaptive
evolution. We analyzed correlations between gene functions
and evidence for positive selection in a common statistical
framework across several large surveys of coding and
noncoding sequences throughout the human genome. Strong
correlations with both classifications in gene ontologies
and measurements of gene expression indicate that neural
development and function have adapted mainly through
noncoding changes. In contrast, adaptation via coding
changes is dominated by immunity, olfaction, and male
reproduction. Genes with highly tissue-specific expression
have undergone more adaptive coding changes, suggesting that
pleiotropic constraints inhibit such changes in broadly
expressed genes. In contrast, adaptive noncoding changes do
not exhibit this pattern. Our findings underscore the
probable importance of noncoding changes in the evolution of
human traits, particularly cognitive traits.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0911249107},
Key = {fds231571}
}
@article{fds231576,
Author = {Babbitt, CC and Silverman, JS and Haygood, R and Reininga, JM and Rockman, MV and Wray, GA},
Title = {Multiple Functional Variants in cis Modulate PDYN
Expression.},
Journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
Volume = {27},
Number = {2},
Pages = {465-479},
Year = {2010},
Month = {February},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19910384},
Abstract = {Understanding genetic variation and its functional
consequences within cis-regulatory regions remains an
important challenge in human genetics and evolution. Here,
we present a fine-scale functional analysis of segregating
variation within the cis-regulatory region of prodynorphin,
a gene that encodes an endogenous opioid precursor with
roles in cognition and disease. In order to characterize the
functional consequences of segregating variation in cis in a
region under balancing selection in different human
populations, we examined associations between specific
polymorphisms and gene expression in vivo and in vitro. We
identified five polymorphisms within the 5' flanking region
that affect transcript abundance: a 68-bp repeat recognized
in prior studies, as well as two microsatellites and two
single nucleotide polymorphisms not previously implicated as
functional variants. The impact of these variants on
transcription differs by brain region, sex, and cell type,
implying interactions between cis genotype and the
differentiated state of cells. The effects of individual
variants on expression level are not additive in some
combinations, implying epistatic interactions between nearby
variants. These data reveal an unexpectedly complex
relationship between segregating genetic variation and its
expression-trait consequences and highlights the importance
of close functional scrutiny of natural genetic variation
within even relatively well-studied cis-regulatory
regions.},
Doi = {10.1093/molbev/msp276},
Key = {fds231576}
}
@article{fds231474,
Author = {Tung, J and Alberts, SC and Wray, GA},
Title = {Evolution of functional genetic variation at immune loci in
wild baboons.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {231-231},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000275295200793&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds231474}
}
@article{fds231569,
Author = {Oliver, TA and Garfield, DA and Manier, MK and Haygood, R and Wray, GA and Palumbi, SR},
Title = {Whole-genome positive selection and habitat-driven evolution
in a shallow and a deep-sea urchin.},
Journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {800-814},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1759-6653},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evq063},
Abstract = {Comparisons of genomic sequence between divergent species
can provide insight into the action of natural selection
across many distinct classes of proteins. Here, we examine
the extent of positive selection as a function of
tissue-specific and stage-specific gene expression in two
closely-related sea urchins, the shallow-water
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and the deep-sea Allocentrotus
fragilis, which have diverged greatly in their adult but not
larval habitats. Genes that are expressed specifically in
adult somatic tissue have significantly higher dN/dS ratios
than the genome-wide average, whereas those in larvae are
indistinguishable from the genome-wide average.
Testis-specific genes have the highest dN/dS values, whereas
ovary-specific have the lowest. Branch-site models involving
the outgroup S. franciscanus indicate greater selection
(ω(FG)) along the A. fragilis branch than along the S.
purpuratus branch. The A. fragilis branch also shows a
higher proportion of genes under positive selection,
including those involved in skeletal development,
endocytosis, and sulfur metabolism. Both lineages are
approximately equal in enrichment for positive selection of
genes involved in immunity, development, and cell-cell
communication. The branch-site models further suggest that
adult-specific genes have experienced greater positive
selection than those expressed in larvae and that
ovary-specific genes are more conserved (i.e., experienced
greater negative selection) than those expressed
specifically in adult somatic tissues and testis. Our
results chart the patterns of protein change that have
occurred after habitat divergence in these two species and
show that the developmental or functional context in which a
gene acts can play an important role in how divergent
species adapt to new environments.},
Doi = {10.1093/gbe/evq063},
Key = {fds231569}
}
@article{fds231570,
Author = {Cruz-Gordillo, P and Fedrigo, O and Wray, GA and Babbitt,
CC},
Title = {Extensive changes in the expression of the opioid genes
between humans and chimpanzees.},
Journal = {Brain, behavior and evolution},
Volume = {76},
Number = {2},
Pages = {154-162},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21079395},
Abstract = {The various means by which the body perceives, transmits,
and resolves the experiences of pain and nociception are
mediated by a host of molecules, including neuropeptides
within the opioid gene signaling pathway. The peptide
ligands and receptors encoded by this group of genes have
been linked to behavioral disorders as well as a number of
psychiatric affective disorders. Our aim was to explore the
recent evolutionary history of these two gene families by
taking a comparative genomics approach, specifically through
a comparison between humans and chimpanzees. Our analyses
indicate differential expression of these genes between the
two species, more than expected based on genome-wide
comparisons, indicating that differential expression is
pervasive among the opioid genes. Of the 8 family members,
three genes showed significant expression differences (PENK,
PNOC, and OPRL1), with two others marginally significant
(OPRM1 and OPRD1). Accelerated substitution rates along
human and chimpanzee lineages within the putative regulatory
regions of OPRM1, POMC, and PDYN between the human and
chimpanzee branches are consistent with positive selection.
Collectively, these results suggest that there may have been
a selective advantage to modulating the expression of the
opioid genes in humans compared with our closest living
relatives. Information about the cognitive roles mediated by
these genes in humans may help to elucidate the trait
consequences of these putatively adaptive expression
changes.},
Doi = {10.1159/000320968},
Key = {fds231570}
}
@article{fds231573,
Author = {Babbitt, CC and Fedrigo, O and Pfefferle, AD and Boyle, AP and Horvath,
JE and Furey, TS and Wray, GA},
Title = {Both noncoding and protein-coding RNAs contribute to gene
expression evolution in the primate brain.},
Journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {67-79},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20333225},
Abstract = {Despite striking differences in cognition and behavior
between humans and our closest primate relatives, several
studies have found little evidence for adaptive change in
protein-coding regions of genes expressed primarily in the
brain. Instead, changes in gene expression may underlie many
cognitive and behavioral differences. Here, we used digital
gene expression: tag profiling (here called Tag-Seq, also
called DGE:tag profiling) to assess changes in global
transcript abundance in the frontal cortex of the brains of
3 humans, 3 chimpanzees, and 3 rhesus macaques. A
substantial fraction of transcripts we identified as
differentially transcribed among species were not assayed in
previous studies based on microarrays. Differentially
expressed tags within coding regions are enriched for gene
functions involved in synaptic transmission, transport,
oxidative phosphorylation, and lipid metabolism.
Importantly, because Tag-Seq technology provides
strand-specific information about all polyadenlyated
transcripts, we were able to assay expression in noncoding
intragenic regions, including both sense and antisense
noncoding transcripts (relative to nearby genes). We find
that many noncoding transcripts are conserved in both
location and expression level between species, suggesting a
possible functional role. Lastly, we examined the overlap
between differential gene expression and signatures of
positive selection within putative promoter regions, a sign
that these differences represent adaptations during human
evolution. Comparative approaches may provide important
insights into genes responsible for differences in cognitive
functions between humans and nonhuman primates, as well as
highlighting new candidate genes for studies investigating
neurological disorders.},
Doi = {10.1093/gbe/evq002},
Key = {fds231573}
}
@article{fds231574,
Author = {Garfield, DA and Wray, GA},
Title = {The evolution of gene regulatory interactions},
Journal = {BioScience},
Volume = {60},
Number = {1},
Pages = {15-23},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0006-3568},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/bio.2010.60.1.6},
Abstract = {Changes in the timing and level at which genes are expressed
are known to play an important role in evolution, but the
mechanisms underlying changes in gene expression remain
relatively obscure. Until quite recently, evolutionary
biologists, like most biologists, tended to study single
genes as isolated entities. These studies have added
enormously to our understanding of biological evolution. But
because gene regulation by its very nature involves
interactions between two (or more) genes, researchers have
missed a range of evolutionary phenomena that can be
observed only at the level of networks of interacting genes.
In this article, we consider the change in perspective that
genomic technologiesparticularly the advent of large-scale
platforms for DNA sequencing, genotyping, and measuring gene
expressionare bringing to evolutionary biology. We focus
specifically on how these technologies can and are being
used to increase our understanding of how and why gene
expression evolves. © 2010 by American Institute of
Biological Sciences. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1525/bio.2010.60.1.6},
Key = {fds231574}
}
@article{fds231575,
Author = {Fédrigo, O and Wray, GA},
Title = {Developmental evolution: how beetles evolved their
shields.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {20},
Number = {2},
Pages = {R64-R66},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20129042},
Abstract = {Beetle forewings are modified into hardened structures
called elytra. A recent study indicates that the evolution
of elytra involved co-opting genes for exoskeleton formation
into the wing development gene network of beetles on at
least three separate occasions.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2009.12.012},
Key = {fds231575}
}
@misc{fds183925,
Author = {G.A. Wray},
Title = {Embryos and evolution: 150 years of reciprical
illumination},
Pages = {215-239},
Booktitle = {Evolution Since Darwin},
Publisher = {Sinauer Associates},
Editor = {M.A. Bell and D.J. Futuyma and W.F. Eanes and J.S.
Levinton},
Year = {2010},
ISBN = {978-0878934133},
Key = {fds183925}
}
@article{fds231537,
Author = {Fedrigo, O and Warner, LR and Pfefferle, AD and Babbitt, CC and Cruz-Gordillo, P and Wray, GA},
Title = {A pipeline to determine RT-QPCR control genes for
evolutionary studies: Application to primate gene expression
across multiple tissues},
Journal = {PLoS ONE},
Volume = {5},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1-7},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {1932-6203},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/4570 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Because many species-specific phenotypic differences are
assumed to be caused by differential regulation of gene
expression, many recent investigations have focused on
measuring transcript abundance. Despite the availability of
high throughput platforms, quantitative real-time polymerase
chain reaction (RT-QPCR) is often the method of choice
because of its low cost and wider dynamic range. However,
the accuracy of this technique heavily relies on the use of
multiple valid control genes for normalization. We created a
pipeline for choosing genes potentially useful as RT-QPCR
control genes for measuring expression between human and
chimpanzee samples across multiple tissues, using published
microarrays and a measure of tissue-specificity. We
identified 13 genes from the pipeline and from commonly used
control genes: ACTB, USP49, ARGHGEF2, GSK3A, TBP, SDHA,
EIF2B2, GPDH, YWHAZ, HPTR1, RPL13A, HMBS, and EEF2. We then
tested these candidate genes and validated their expression
stability across species. We established the rank order of
the most preferable set of genes for single and combined
tissues. Our results suggest that for at least three tissues
(cerebral cortex, liver, and skeletal muscle), EIF2B2, EEF2,
HMBS, and SDHA are useful genes for normalizing human and
chimpanzee expression using RT-QPCR. Interestingly, other
commonly used control genes, including TBP, GAPDH, and,
especially ACTB do not perform as well. This pipeline could
be easily adapted to other species for which expression data
exist, providing taxonomically appropriate control genes for
comparisons of gene expression among species. © 2010
Fedrigo et al.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0012545},
Key = {fds231537}
}
@article{fds231572,
Author = {Fedrigo, O and Warner, LR and Pfefferle, AD and Cruz Gordillo and P and Babbitt, CC and Wray, GA},
Title = {A pipeline to determine RT-PCR control genes for
evolutionary studies: application to primate gene expression
across multiple tissues},
Journal = {PLoS One},
Volume = {5},
Number = {9},
Pages = {E12545},
Year = {2010},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20824057},
Abstract = {Because many species-specific phenotypic differences are
assumed to be caused by differential regulation of gene
expression, many recent investigations have focused on
measuring transcript abundance. Despite the availability of
high-throughput platforms, quantitative real-time polymerase
chain reaction (RT-QPCR) is often the method of choice
because of its low cost and wider dynamic range. However,
the accuracy of this technique heavily relies on the use of
multiple valid control genes for normalization. We created a
pipeline for choosing genes potentially useful as RT-QPCR
control genes for measuring expression between human and
chimpanzee samples across multiple tissues, using published
microarrays and a measure of tissue-specificity. We
identified 13 genes from the pipeline and from commonly used
control genes: ACTB, USP49, ARGHGEF2, GSK3A, TBP, SDHA,
EIF2B2, GPDH, YWHAZ, HPTR1, RPL13A, HMBS, and EEF2. We then
tested these candidate genes and validated their expression
stability across species. We established the rank order of
the most preferable set of genes for single and combined
tissues. Our results suggest that for at least three tissues
(cerebral cortex, liver, and skeletal muscle), EIF2B2, EEF2,
HMBS, and SDHA are useful genes for normalizing human and
chimpanzee expression using RT-QPCR. Interestingly, other
commonly used control genes, including TBP, GAPDH, and,
especially ACTB do not perform as well. This pipeline could
be easily adapted to other species for which expression data
exist, providing taxonomically appropriate control genes for
comparisons of gene expression among species.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0012545},
Key = {fds231572}
}
@article{fds231578,
Author = {Tung, J and Fédrigo, O and Haygood, R and Mukherjee, S and Wray,
GA},
Title = {Genomic features that predict allelic imbalance in humans
suggest patterns of constraint on gene expression
variation.},
Journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
Volume = {26},
Number = {9},
Pages = {2047-2059},
Year = {2009},
Month = {September},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19506001},
Abstract = {Variation in gene expression is an important contributor to
phenotypic diversity within and between species. Although
this variation often has a genetic component, identification
of the genetic variants driving this relationship remains
challenging. In particular, measurements of gene expression
usually do not reveal whether the genetic basis for any
observed variation lies in cis or in trans to the gene, a
distinction that has direct relevance to the physical
location of the underlying genetic variant, and which may
also impact its evolutionary trajectory. Allelic imbalance
measurements identify cis-acting genetic effects by assaying
the relative contribution of the two alleles of a
cis-regulatory region to gene expression within individuals.
Identification of patterns that predict commonly imbalanced
genes could therefore serve as a useful tool and also shed
light on the evolution of cis-regulatory variation itself.
Here, we show that sequence motifs, polymorphism levels, and
divergence levels around a gene can be used to predict
commonly imbalanced genes in a human data set. Reduction of
this feature set to four factors revealed that only one
factor significantly differentiated between commonly
imbalanced and nonimbalanced genes. We demonstrate that
these results are consistent between the original data set
and a second published data set in humans obtained using
different technical and statistical methods. Finally, we
show that variation in the single allelic
imbalance-associated factor is partially explained by the
density of genes in the region of a target gene (allelic
imbalance is less probable for genes in gene-dense regions),
and, to a lesser extent, the evenness of expression of the
gene across tissues and the magnitude of negative selection
on putative regulatory regions of the gene. These results
suggest that the genomic distribution of functional
cis-regulatory variants in the human genome is nonrandom,
perhaps due to local differences in evolutionary
constraint.},
Doi = {10.1093/molbev/msp113},
Key = {fds231578}
}
@article{fds231581,
Author = {Tung, J and Primus, A and Bouley, AJ and Severson, TF and Alberts, SC and Wray, GA},
Title = {Evolution of a malaria resistance gene in wild
primates.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {460},
Number = {7253},
Pages = {388-391},
Year = {2009},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19553936},
Abstract = {The ecology, behaviour and genetics of our closest living
relatives, the nonhuman primates, should help us to
understand the evolution of our own lineage. Although a
large amount of data has been amassed on primate ecology and
behaviour, much less is known about the functional and
evolutionary genetic aspects of primate biology, especially
in wild primates. As a result, even in well-studied
populations in which nongenetic factors that influence
adaptively important characteristics have been identified,
we have almost no understanding of the underlying genetic
basis for such traits. Here, we report on the functional
consequences of genetic variation at the malaria-related FY
(DARC) gene in a well-studied population of yellow baboons
(Papio cynocephalus) living in Amboseli National Park in
Kenya. FY codes for a chemokine receptor normally expressed
on the erythrocyte surface that is the known entry point for
the malarial parasite Plasmodium vivax. We identified
variation in the cis-regulatory region of the baboon FY gene
that was associated with phenotypic variation in
susceptibility to Hepatocystis, a malaria-like pathogen that
is common in baboons. Genetic variation in this region also
influenced gene expression in vivo in wild individuals, a
result we confirmed using in vitro reporter gene assays. The
patterns of genetic variation in and around this locus were
also suggestive of non-neutral evolution, raising the
possibility that the evolution of the FY cis-regulatory
region in baboons has exhibited both mechanistic and
selective parallels with the homologous region in humans.
Together, our results represent the first reported
association and functional characterization linking genetic
variation and a complex trait in a natural population of
nonhuman primates.},
Doi = {10.1038/nature08149},
Key = {fds231581}
}
@article{fds304345,
Author = {Yokoyama, KD and Ohler, U and Wray, GA},
Title = {Measuring spatial preferences at fine-scale resolution
identifies known and novel cis-regulatory element candidates
and functional motif-pair relationships.},
Journal = {Nucleic Acids Res},
Volume = {37},
Number = {13},
Pages = {e92},
Year = {2009},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19483094},
Abstract = {Transcriptional regulation is mediated by the collective
binding of proteins called transcription factors to
cis-regulatory elements. A handful of factors are known to
function at particular distances from the transcription
start site, although the extent to which this occurs is not
well understood. Spatial dependencies can also exist between
pairs of binding motifs, facilitating factor-pair
interactions. We sought to determine to what extent spatial
preferences measured at high-scale resolution could be
utilized to predict cis-regulatory elements as well as
motif-pairs binding interacting proteins. We introduce the
'motif positional function' model which predicts spatial
biases using regression analysis, differentiating noise from
true position-specific overrepresentation at
single-nucleotide resolution. Our method predicts 48
consensus motifs exhibiting positional enrichment within
human promoters, including fourteen motifs without known
binding partners. We then extend the model to analyze
distance preferences between pairs of motifs. We find that
motif-pairs binding interacting factors often co-occur
preferentially at multiple distances, with intervals between
preferred distances often corresponding to the turn of the
DNA double-helix. This offers a novel means by which to
predict sequence elements with a collective role in gene
regulation.},
Doi = {10.1093/nar/gkp423},
Key = {fds304345}
}
@article{fds231577,
Author = {Garfield, DA and Wray, GA},
Title = {Comparative embryology without a microscope: using genomic
approaches to understand the evolution of
development.},
Journal = {Journal of biology},
Volume = {8},
Number = {7},
Pages = {65},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19664180},
Abstract = {Until recently, understanding developmental conservation and
change has relied on embryological comparisons and analyses
of single genes. Several studies, including one recently
published in BMC Biology, have now taken a genomic approach
to this classical problem, providing insights into how
selection operates differentially across the life
cycle.},
Doi = {10.1186/jbiol161},
Key = {fds231577}
}
@misc{fds166381,
Author = {J. Tung and G.A. Wray},
Title = {Evolution of traits deduced from genome comparisons},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Life Sciences},
Editor = {Nature Publishing Group},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds166381}
}
@misc{fds151739,
Author = {G.A. Wray},
Title = {Evolutionary synthesis in the genomic era},
Booktitle = {Towards an Extended Evolutionary Synthesis},
Publisher = {MIT Press},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds151739}
}
@misc{fds152937,
Author = {G.A. Wray},
Title = {Evolution and Development},
Pages = {208-236},
Booktitle = {Evolution: The First Four Billion Years},
Publisher = {Belknap Press},
Editor = {M. Ruse and J. Travis},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds152937}
}
@article{fds231579,
Author = {Yokoyama, KD and Ohler, U and Wray, GA},
Title = {Spatial preferences identify known and novel cis-regulatory
element candidates and functional motif-pair
relationships},
Journal = {Nucleic Acids Research},
Volume = {37},
Number = {13},
Pages = {e92},
Year = {2009},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19483094},
Abstract = {Transcriptional regulation is mediated by the collective
binding of proteins called transcription factors to
cis-regulatory elements. A handful of factors are known to
function at particular distances from the transcription
start site, although the extent to which this occurs is not
well understood. Spatial dependencies can also exist between
pairs of binding motifs, facilitating factor-pair
interactions. We sought to determine to what extent spatial
preferences measured at high-scale resolution could be
utilized to predict cis-regulatory elements as well as
motif-pairs binding interacting proteins. We introduce the
'motif positional function' model which predicts spatial
biases using regression analysis, differentiating noise from
true position-specific overrepresentation at
single-nucleotide resolution. Our method predicts 48
consensus motifs exhibiting positional enrichment within
human promoters, including fourteen motifs without known
binding partners. We then extend the model to analyze
distance preferences between pairs of motifs. We find that
motif-pairs binding interacting factors often co-occur
preferentially at multiple distances, with intervals between
preferred distances often corresponding to the turn of the
DNA double-helix. This offers a novel means by which to
predict sequence elements with a collective role in gene
regulation.},
Doi = {10.1093/nar/gkp423},
Key = {fds231579}
}
@article{fds231580,
Author = {Warner, LR and Babbitt, CC and Primus, AE and Severson, TF and Haygood,
R and Wray, GA},
Title = {The functional consequences of genetic variation on tyrosine
hydroxylase (TH) expression},
Journal = {Brain Research},
Volume = {1288},
Pages = {1-8},
Year = {2009},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19591812},
Abstract = {Tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in
catecholamine synthesis, is known to contain naturally
occurring genetic variation in it's promoter region that
associates with a number of neuropsychological disorders. As
such, examining non-coding regions is important for
understanding tyrosine hydroxylase function in human health
and disease. We examined approximately 2 kb upstream of the
translation start site within humans and non-human primates
to obtain a fine resolution map of evolutionarily and
functionally relevant cis-regulatory differences. Our study
investigated Macaca mulatta, Pan troglodytes, Gorilla
gorilla, and Homo sapiens haplotypes using transient
dual-luciferase transfection in three neuroblastoma cell
lines to assay the impact of naturally occurring sequence
variation on expression level. In addition to trans effects
between cell lines, there are several significant expression
differences between primate species, but the most striking
difference was seen between human haplotypes in one cell
line. Underlying this variation are numerous sequence
polymorphisms, two of which influence expression within
humans in a non-additive and cell line-specific manner. This
study highlights functional consequences of tyrosine
hydroxylase genetic variation in primates. Additionally, the
results emphasize the importance of examining more than one
cell line, the existence of multiple functional variants in
a given promoter region and the presence of non-additive
cis-interactions.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2009.06.086},
Key = {fds231580}
}
@article{fds231536,
Author = {Haygood, R and Fedrigo, O and Wray, GA},
Title = {Reply to "Rapidly evolving human promoter
regions"},
Journal = {Nature Genetics},
Volume = {40},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1263-1264},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2008},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1061-4036},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1108-1263},
Doi = {10.1038/ng1108-1263},
Key = {fds231536}
}
@article{fds304344,
Author = {Wray, GA and Babbitt, CC},
Title = {Genetics. Enhancing gene regulation.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {321},
Number = {5894},
Pages = {1300-1301},
Year = {2008},
Month = {September},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18772422},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1163568},
Key = {fds304344}
}
@article{fds231582,
Author = {Horvath, JE and Weisrock, DW and Embry, SL and Fiorentino, I and Balhoff, JP and Kappeler, P and Wray, GA and Willard, HF and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {Development and application of a phylogenomic toolkit:
resolving the evolutionary history of Madagascar's
lemurs.},
Journal = {Genome research},
Volume = {18},
Number = {3},
Pages = {489-499},
Year = {2008},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1088-9051},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18245770},
Abstract = {Lemurs and the other strepsirrhine primates are of great
interest to the primate genomics community due to their
phylogenetic placement as the sister lineage to all other
primates. Previous attempts to resolve the phylogeny of
lemurs employed limited mitochondrial or small nuclear data
sets, with many relationships poorly supported or entirely
unresolved. We used genomic resources to develop 11 novel
markers from nine chromosomes, representing approximately 9
kb of nuclear sequence data. In combination with previously
published nuclear and mitochondrial loci, this yields a data
set of more than 16 kb and adds approximately 275 kb of DNA
sequence to current databases. Our phylogenetic analyses
confirm hypotheses of lemuriform monophyly and provide
robust resolution of the phylogenetic relationships among
the five lemuriform families. We verify that the genus
Daubentonia is the sister lineage to all other lemurs. The
Cheirogaleidae and Lepilemuridae are sister taxa and
together form the sister lineage to the Indriidae; this
clade is the sister lineage to the Lemuridae. Divergence
time estimates indicate that lemurs are an ancient group,
with their initial diversification occurring around the
Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. Given the power of this data
set to resolve branches in a notoriously problematic area of
primate phylogeny, we anticipate that our phylogenomic
toolkit will be of value to other studies of primate
phylogeny and diversification. Moreover, the methods applied
will be broadly applicable to other taxonomic groups where
phylogenetic relationships have been notoriously difficult
to resolve.},
Doi = {10.1101/gr.7265208},
Key = {fds231582}
}
@article{fds231543,
Author = {Mitchell-Olds, T and Feder, M and Wray, G},
Title = {Evolutionary and ecological functional genomics.},
Journal = {Heredity},
Volume = {100},
Number = {2},
Pages = {101-102},
Year = {2008},
Month = {February},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18212796},
Doi = {10.1038/sj.hdy.6801015},
Key = {fds231543}
}
@article{fds231583,
Author = {Wray, GA and Babbitt, CC},
Title = {Enhancing gene regulation},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {321},
Number = {5894},
Pages = {1300-1301},
Year = {2008},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18772422},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1163568},
Key = {fds231583}
}
@article{fds324084,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {Developmental Genes and the Evolution of
Morphology},
Pages = {147-152},
Booktitle = {Palaeobiology II},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
ISBN = {9780632051496},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470999295ch.31},
Doi = {10.1002/9780470999295ch.31},
Key = {fds324084}
}
@article{fds231534,
Author = {Sumrall, CD and Wray, GA},
Title = {Ontogeny in the fossil record: Diversification of body plans
and the evolution of "aberrant" symmetry in Paleozoic
echinoderms},
Journal = {Paleobiology},
Volume = {33},
Number = {1},
Pages = {149-163},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0094-8373},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/06053.1},
Abstract = {Echinoderms have long been characterized by the presence of
ambulacra that exhibit pentaradiate symmetry and define five
primary body axes. In reality, truly pentaradial ambulacral
symmetry is a condition derived only once in the
evolutionary history of echinoderms and is restricted to
eleutherozoans, the clade that contains most living
echinoderm species. In contrast, early echinoderms have a
bilaterally symmetrical 2-1-2 arrangement, with three
ambulacra radiating from the mouth. Branching of the two
side ambulacra during ontogeny produces the five adult rays.
During the Cambrian Explosion and Ordovician Radiation, some
30 clades of echinoderms evolved, many of which have
aberrant ambulacral systems with one to four rays.
Unfortunately, no underlying model has emerged that explains
ambulacral homologies among disparate forms. Here we show
that most Paleozoic echinoderms are characterized by
uniquely identifiable ambulacra that develop in three
distinct postlarval stages. Nearly all "aberrant" echinoderm
morphologies can be explained by the paedomorphic ambulacra
reduction (PAR) model through the loss of some combination
of these growth stages during ontogeny. Superficially
similar patterns of ambulacral reduction in distantly
related clades have resulted from the parallel loss of
homologous ambulacra during ontogeny. Pseudo-fivefold
symmetry seen in Blastoidea and the true fivefold symmetry
seen in Eleutherozoa result from great reduction and total
loss, respectively, of the 2-1-2 symmetry early in ontogeny.
These ambulacral variations suggest that both developmental
and ecological constraints affect the evolution of novel
echinoderm body plans. © 2007 The Paleontological Society.
All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1666/06053.1},
Key = {fds231534}
}
@article{fds231584,
Author = {Bowsher, JH and Wray, GA and Abouheif, E},
Title = {Growth and patterning are evolutionarily dissociated in the
vestigial wing discs of workers of the red imported fire
ant, Solenopsis invicta.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and
developmental evolution},
Volume = {308},
Number = {6},
Pages = {769-776},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1552-5007},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17894383},
Abstract = {Over the last decade, it has become clear that organismal
form is largely determined by developmental and evolutionary
changes in the growth and pattern formation of tissues. Yet,
there is little known about how these two integrated
processes respond to environmental cues or how they evolve
relative to one another. Here, we present the discovery of
vestigial wing imaginal discs in worker larvae of the red
imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. These vestigial wing
discs are present in all worker larvae, which is uncommon
for a species with a large worker size distribution.
Furthermore, the growth trajectory of these vestigial discs
is distinct from all of the ant species examined to date
because they grow at a rate slower than the leg discs. We
predicted that the growth trajectory of the vestigial wing
discs would be mirrored by evolutionary changes in their
patterning. We tested this prediction by examining the
expression of three patterning genes, extradenticle,
ultrabithorax, and engrailed, known to underlie the wing
polyphenism in ants. Surprisingly, the expression patterns
of these three genes in the vestigial wing discs was the
same as those found in ant species with different worker
size distributions and wing disc growth than fire ants. We
conclude that growth and patterning are evolutionarily
dissociated in the vestigial wing discs of S. invicta
because patterning in these discs is conserved, whereas
their growth trajectories are not. The evolutionary
dissociation of growth and patterning may be an important
feature of gene networks that underlie polyphenic
traits.},
Doi = {10.1002/jez.b.21200},
Key = {fds231584}
}
@article{fds304343,
Author = {Babbitt, CC and Haygood, R and Wray, GA},
Title = {When two is better than one.},
Journal = {Cell},
Volume = {131},
Number = {2},
Pages = {225-227},
Year = {2007},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0092-8674},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17956721},
Abstract = {Gene duplication and divergence has long been considered an
important route to adaptation and phenotypic evolution.
Reporting in Nature, Hittinger and Carroll (2007) provide
the first clear example of adaptations in both regulatory
regions and protein-coding regions after gene duplication.
This combination of evolutionary changes appears to have
resolved an adaptive conflict, leading to increased
organismal fitness.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2007.10.001},
Key = {fds304343}
}
@article{fds231585,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {The evolutionary significance of cis-regulatory
mutations.},
Journal = {Nature reviews. Genetics},
Volume = {8},
Number = {3},
Pages = {206-216},
Year = {2007},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1471-0056},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17304246},
Abstract = {For decades, evolutionary biologists have argued that
changes in cis-regulatory sequences constitute an important
part of the genetic basis for adaptation. Although
originally based on first principles, this claim is now
empirically well supported: numerous studies have identified
cis-regulatory mutations with functionally significant
consequences for morphology, physiology and behaviour. The
focus has now shifted to considering whether cis-regulatory
and coding mutations make qualitatively different
contributions to phenotypic evolution. Cases in which
parallel mutations have produced parallel trait
modifications in particular suggest that some phenotypic
changes are more likely to result from cis-regulatory
mutations than from coding mutations.},
Doi = {10.1038/nrg2063},
Key = {fds231585}
}
@misc{fds140265,
Author = {G.A. Wray},
Title = {Guest in radio interview on evolutionary genomics for talk
show "Radio in Vivo"},
Year = {2007},
Month = {February},
Key = {fds140265}
}
@article{fds304342,
Author = {Tishkoff, SA and Reed, FA and Ranciaro, A and Voight, BF and Babbitt,
CC and Silverman, JS and Powell, K and Mortensen, HM and Hirbo, JB and Osman, M and Ibrahim, M and Omar, SA and Lema, G and Nyambo, TB and Ghori,
J and Bumpstead, S and Pritchard, JK and Wray, GA and Deloukas,
P},
Title = {Convergent adaptation of human lactase persistence in Africa
and Europe.},
Journal = {Nature genetics},
Volume = {39},
Number = {1},
Pages = {31-40},
Year = {2007},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1061-4036},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1946},
Abstract = {A SNP in the gene encoding lactase (LCT) (C/T-13910) is
associated with the ability to digest milk as adults
(lactase persistence) in Europeans, but the genetic basis of
lactase persistence in Africans was previously unknown. We
conducted a genotype-phenotype association study in 470
Tanzanians, Kenyans and Sudanese and identified three SNPs
(G/C-14010, T/G-13915 and C/G-13907) that are associated
with lactase persistence and that have derived alleles that
significantly enhance transcription from the LCT promoter in
vitro. These SNPs originated on different haplotype
backgrounds from the European C/T-13910 SNP and from each
other. Genotyping across a 3-Mb region demonstrated
haplotype homozygosity extending >2.0 Mb on chromosomes
carrying C-14010, consistent with a selective sweep over the
past approximately 7,000 years. These data provide a marked
example of convergent evolution due to strong selective
pressure resulting from shared cultural traits-animal
domestication and adult milk consumption.},
Doi = {10.1038/ng1946},
Key = {fds304342}
}
@misc{fds140263,
Author = {Babbitt, CC and GA Wray},
Title = {Evolution of human gene expression control},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Life Sciences},
Publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds140263}
}
@article{fds231586,
Author = {Babbitt, and CC, and Haygood, R and Wray, GA},
Title = {When two is better than one},
Journal = {Cell},
Volume = {19},
Number = {2},
Pages = {3-4},
Year = {2007},
ISSN = {0092-8674},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17956721},
Abstract = {Gene duplication and divergence has long been considered an
important route to adaptation and phenotypic evolution.
Reporting in Nature, Hittinger and Carroll (2007) provide
the first clear example of adaptations in both regulatory
regions and protein-coding regions after gene duplication.
This combination of evolutionary changes appears to have
resolved an adaptive conflict, leading to increased
organismal fitness.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2007.10.001},
Key = {fds231586}
}
@article{fds231587,
Author = {Haygood, and R, and Fedrigo, O and Hanson, B and Yokoyama, K-D and Wray,
GA},
Title = {Promoter regions of many neural- and nutrition-related genes
have experienced positive selection during human
evolution},
Journal = {Nature Genetics},
Volume = {39},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1140-1144},
Year = {2007},
ISSN = {1061-4036},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17694055},
Abstract = {Surveys of protein-coding sequences for evidence of positive
selection in humans or chimpanzees have flagged only a few
genes known to function in neural or nutritional processes,
despite pronounced differences between humans and
chimpanzees in behavior, cognition and diet. It may be that
most such differences are due to changes in gene regulation
rather than protein structure. Here, we present the first
survey of promoter (5'-flanking) regions, which are rich in
cis-regulatory sequences, for evidence of positive selection
in humans. Our results indicate that positive selection has
targeted the regulation of many genes known to be involved
in neural development and function, both in the brain and
elsewhere in the nervous system, and in nutrition,
particularly in glucose metabolism.},
Doi = {10.1038/ng2104},
Key = {fds231587}
}
@article{fds231594,
Author = {Tishkoff, and A, S and Reed, FA and Ranciaro, A and Voight, BF and Babbitt, CC and Silverman, JS and Powell, K and Mortensen, H and Hirbo,
JB and Osman, M and Ibrahim, M and Omar, SA and Lema, G and N, TB and Ghori,
J and Bumpstead, S and Pritchard, JK and Wray, GA and Deloukas,
P},
Title = {Convergent adaptation in humans: the genetic basis of
lactase persistence in Africa},
Journal = {Nature Genetics},
Volume = {39},
Number = {1},
Pages = {31-40},
Year = {2007},
ISSN = {1061-4036},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1946},
Abstract = {A SNP in the gene encoding lactase (LCT) (C/T-13910) is
associated with the ability to digest milk as adults
(lactase persistence) in Europeans, but the genetic basis of
lactase persistence in Africans was previously unknown. We
conducted a genotype-phenotype association study in 470
Tanzanians, Kenyans and Sudanese and identified three SNPs
(G/C-14010, T/G-13915 and C/G-13907) that are associated
with lactase persistence and that have derived alleles that
significantly enhance transcription from the LCT promoter in
vitro. These SNPs originated on different haplotype
backgrounds from the European C/T-13910 SNP and from each
other. Genotyping across a 3-Mb region demonstrated
haplotype homozygosity extending >2.0 Mb on chromosomes
carrying C-14010, consistent with a selective sweep over the
past ∼7,000 years. These data provide a marked example of
convergent evolution due to strong selective pressure
resulting from shared cultural traits - animal domestication
and adult milk consumption. © 2006 Nature Publishing
Group.},
Doi = {10.1038/ng1946},
Key = {fds231594}
}
@article{fds231588,
Author = {Nyberg, KG and Ciampaglio, CN and Wray, GA},
Title = {Tracing the ancestry of the great white shark, Carcharodon
carcharias, using morphometric analyses of fossil
teeth},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {26},
Number = {4},
Pages = {806-814},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2006},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0272-4634},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[806:TTAOTG]2.0.CO;2},
Abstract = {The evolutionary origin of the great white shark
(Carcharodon carcharias) is unclear, with debate centering
around two principal hypotheses. The first, based on
similarity in tooth shape, claims that C. carcharias
originated from a group of extinct mako sharks that includes
Isurus hastalis. The second hypothesis, based mostly on
cladistic evidence, claims that C. carcharias originated
from the same lineage as the giant megatoothed sharks,
sharing a close evolutionary ancestor with the extinct
Carcharodon megalodon. To distinguish between the two
hypotheses we performed several morphometric analyses. In
the first analysis, we used Procrustes method and principal
components analysis to quantify variation between C.
carcharias, I. hastalis, and C. megalodon in four different
positions within the dentition. The results indicate no
significant difference in tooth shape between C. carcharias
and I. hastalis. In the second analysis, correlating tooth
size with age, we analyzed teeth from upper anterior and
lower anterior positions. For both tooth positions, we show
that the growth rate of C. carcharias is more congruent with
the growth rate of I. hastalis than that of C. megalodon.
Finally, we used scanning electron microscopy to show that
the tooth serrations of C. carcharias are distinct from
those of the megatooths and more similar in size to those of
slightly serrated mako teeth. Taken together, these results
indicate that C. carcharias originated from an extinct group
of mako sharks and not from the megatoothed sharks. © 2006
by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology.},
Doi = {10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[806:TTAOTG]2.0.CO;2},
Key = {fds231588}
}
@article{fds231485,
Author = {Babbitt, CC and Wray, GA},
Title = {Functional analysis of cis-regulatory evolution in humans
and other primates},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {46},
Pages = {E6-E6},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2006},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1540-7063},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000202970100024&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds231485}
}
@article{fds231589,
Author = {Loisel, DA and Rockman, MV and Wray, GA and Altmann, J and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Ancient polymorphism and functional variation in the primate
MHC-DQA1 5' cis-regulatory region.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {103},
Number = {44},
Pages = {16331-16336},
Year = {2006},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053068},
Abstract = {Precise regulation of MHC gene expression is critical to
vertebrate immune surveillance and response. Polymorphisms
in the 5' proximal promoter region of the human class II
gene HLA-DQA1 have been shown to influence its
transcriptional regulation and may contribute to the
pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. We investigated the
evolutionary history of this cis-regulatory region by
sequencing the DQA1 5' proximal promoter region in eight
nonhuman primate species. We observed unexpectedly high
levels of sequence variation and multiple strong signatures
of balancing selection in this region. Specifically, the
considerable DQA1 promoter region diversity was
characterized by abundant shared (or trans-species)
polymorphism and a pronounced lack of fixed differences
between species. The majority of transcription factor
binding sites in the DQA1 promoter region were polymorphic
within species, and these binding site polymorphisms were
commonly shared among multiple species despite evidence for
negative selection eliminating a significant fraction of
binding site mutations. We assessed the functional
consequences of intraspecific promoter region diversity
using a cell line-based reporter assay and detected
significant differences among baboon DQA1 promoter
haplotypes in their ability to drive transcription in vitro.
The functional differentiation of baboon promoter
haplotypes, together with the significant deviations from
neutral sequence evolution, suggests a role for balancing
selection in the evolution of DQA1 transcriptional
regulation in primates.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0607662103},
Key = {fds231589}
}
@article{fds231592,
Author = {Romano, LA and Wray, GA},
Title = {Endo16 is required for gastrulation in the sea urchin
Lytechinus variegatus.},
Journal = {Development, growth & differentiation},
Volume = {48},
Number = {8},
Pages = {487-497},
Year = {2006},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0012-1592},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17026713},
Abstract = {The Endo16 gene encodes a large extracellular protein with
several functional domains that provide some insight into
the role of this protein during embryonic development. We
isolated the full-length cDNA sequence from Lytechinus
variegatus and utilized morpholinos to further investigate
the role of Endo16 during embryonic development in this
species. Endo16-deficient embryos failed to undergo
gastrulation and the blastocoele became filled with
dissociated cells after 24 h of incubation. Moreover, there
was a delay in endoderm differentiation as assayed by
staining with an antibody that recognizes Endo1. The
differentiation of other cell types including oral ectoderm,
primary mesenchymal cells (PMC) and secondary mesenchymal
cells (SMC) appeared to be normal, although the patterns of
protein expression did not resemble control embryos due to
the gross morphological abnormalities elicited by the
LvEndo16 morpholino. Microinjection of full-length EGFP mRNA
with the LvEndo16 morpholino-targeted sequence confirmed
that this phenotype can be attributed specifically to the
loss of Endo16 protein. Taken together, our data suggest
that Endo16 may be required for the cell-extracellular
matrix (ECM) interactions that are required for endoderm
differentiation in the sea urchin embryo.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1440-169x.2006.00884.x},
Key = {fds231592}
}
@article{fds231590,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {The evolution of embryonic gene expression in sea
urchins.},
Journal = {Integrative and comparative biology},
Volume = {46},
Number = {3},
Pages = {233-242},
Year = {2006},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1540-7063},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21672738},
Abstract = {Many evolutionary modifications in development and life
history derive from changes in embryonic gene expression.
However, the genetic variation affecting gene expression in
natural populations is not well understood, nor are the
evolutionary mechanisms that operate on that variation. The
early embryonic gene network of the purple sea urchin
(Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) has been studied in
considerable detail, providing an informative basis for
analyzing the developmental and evolutionary mechanisms that
alter gene expression. Comparative functional analyses have
been carried out for several genes. These case studies
indicate a complex relationship between sequence divergence
and gene expression: in some cases, gene expression is
conserved despite extensive divergence in cis-regulatory
sequences, while in others the basis for a change in gene
expression does not reside locally but rather in the
expression or activity of transcription factors that
regulate its expression. Diverse evolutionary mechanisms
apparently operate on cis-regulatory regions, including
negative, balancing, and stabilizing selection.},
Doi = {10.1093/icb/icj030},
Key = {fds231590}
}
@article{fds304341,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {Evolution: spot on (and off).},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {440},
Number = {7087},
Pages = {1001-1002},
Year = {2006},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/4401001a},
Doi = {10.1038/4401001a},
Key = {fds304341}
}
@article{fds231595,
Author = {Rudd, MK and Wray, GA and Willard, HF},
Title = {The evolutionary dynamics of alpha-satellite.},
Journal = {Genome research},
Volume = {16},
Number = {1},
Pages = {88-96},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1088-9051},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16344556},
Abstract = {Alpha-satellite is a family of tandemly repeated sequences
found at all normal human centromeres. In addition to its
significance for understanding centromere function,
alpha-satellite is also a model for concerted evolution, as
alpha-satellite repeats are more similar within a species
than between species. There are two types of alpha-satellite
in the human genome; while both are made up of approximately
171-bp monomers, they can be distinguished by whether
monomers are arranged in extremely homogeneous higher-order,
multimeric repeat units or exist as more divergent monomeric
alpha-satellite that lacks any multimeric periodicity. In
this study, as a model to examine the genomic and
evolutionary relationships between these two types, we have
focused on the chromosome 17 centromeric region that has
reached both higher-order and monomeric alpha-satellite in
the human genome assembly. Monomeric and higher-order
alpha-satellites on chromosome 17 are phylogenetically
distinct, consistent with a model in which higher-order
evolved independently of monomeric alpha-satellite.
Comparative analysis between human chromosome 17 and the
orthologous chimpanzee chromosome indicates that monomeric
alpha-satellite is evolving at approximately the same rate
as the adjacent non-alpha-satellite DNA. However,
higher-order alpha-satellite is less conserved, suggesting
different evolutionary rates for the two types of
alpha-satellite.},
Doi = {10.1101/gr.3810906},
Key = {fds231595}
}
@article{fds231591,
Author = {Sodergren, and E, and Weinstock, GM and Consortium,
TSUGS},
Title = {The genome of the sea urchin Stongylocentrotus
purpuratus},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {314},
Number = {5801},
Pages = {941-952},
Year = {2006},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095691},
Abstract = {We report the sequence and analysis of the 814-megabase
genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, a
model for developmental and systems biology. The sequencing
strategy combined whole-genome shotgun and bacterial
artificial chromosome (BAC) sequences. This use of BAC
clones, aided by a pooling strategy, overcame difficulties
associated with high heterozygosity of the genome. The
genome encodes about 23,300 genes, including many previously
thought to be vertebrate innovations or known only outside
the deuterostomes. This echinoderm genome provides an
evolutionary outgroup for the chordates and yields insights
into the evolution of deuterostomes.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1133609},
Key = {fds231591}
}
@article{fds231593,
Author = {Sumrall, CD and Wray, GA},
Title = {Developmental control of ambulacral reduction in fossil
echinoderms},
Journal = {Paleobiology},
Volume = {33},
Pages = {149-163},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds231593}
}
@article{fds231596,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {Spot on (and off)},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {440},
Number = {7087},
Pages = {1001-1002},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/4401001a},
Doi = {10.1038/4401001a},
Key = {fds231596}
}
@article{fds231546,
Author = {Rockman, MV and Hahn, MW and Soranzo, N and Zimprich, F and Goldstein,
DB and Wray, GA},
Title = {Ancient and recent positive selection transformed opioid
cis-regulation in humans.},
Journal = {PLoS biology},
Volume = {3},
Number = {12},
Pages = {e387},
Year = {2005},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1545-7885},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16274263},
Abstract = {Changes in the cis-regulation of neural genes likely
contributed to the evolution of our species' unique
attributes, but evidence of a role for natural selection has
been lacking. We found that positive natural selection
altered the cis-regulation of human prodynorphin, the
precursor molecule for a suite of endogenous opioids and
neuropeptides with critical roles in regulating perception,
behavior, and memory. Independent lines of phylogenetic and
population genetic evidence support a history of selective
sweeps driving the evolution of the human prodynorphin
promoter. In experimental assays of chimpanzee-human hybrid
promoters, the selected sequence increases transcriptional
inducibility. The evidence for a change in the response of
the brain's natural opioids to inductive stimuli points to
potential human-specific characteristics favored during
evolution. In addition, the pattern of linked nucleotide and
microsatellite variation among and within modern human
populations suggests that recent selection, subsequent to
the fixation of the human-specific mutations and the
peopling of the globe, has favored different prodynorphin
cis-regulatory alleles in different parts of the
world.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.0030387},
Key = {fds231546}
}
@article{fds231597,
Author = {Mooi, R and David, B and Wray, GA},
Title = {Arrays in rays: terminal addition in echinoderms and its
correlation with gene expression.},
Journal = {Evolution & development},
Volume = {7},
Number = {6},
Pages = {542-555},
Year = {2005},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1520-541X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-142x.2005.05058.x},
Abstract = {The echinoderms are deuterostomes that superimpose radial
symmetry upon bilateral larval morphology. Consequently,
they are not the first animals that come to mind when the
concepts of segmentation and terminal addition are being
discussed. However, it has long been recognized that
echinoderms have serial elements along their radii formed in
accordance with the ocular plate rule (OPR). The OPR is a
special case of terminal growth, forming elements of the
ambulacra that define the rays in echinoderms. New elements
are added at the terminus of the ray, which may or may not
be marked by a calcified element called the terminal plate
(the "ocular" of sea urchins). The OPR operates in every
echinoderm, from the occasionally bizarre fossils of the
Cambrian to the most familiar extant taxa. Using the OPR and
other criteria of recognition, echinoderm body wall can be
divided into two main regions: extraxial components are
associated with the somatocoels, axial components (formed in
accordance with the OPR) with the hydrocoel. We compare
patterns of development in axial regions of echinoderms with
those found in the anterior-posterior axes of the earliest
echinoderms as well as other invertebrates. Although axial
and extraxial skeletons appear to be composed of the same
biomineral matrix, the genes involved in patterning these
two skeletal components are likely distinct. During
development of the axial skeleton, for instance, the genes
engrailed and orthodenticle are expressed in spatial and
temporal patterns consistent with the OPR. Other genes such
as distal-less seem to demarcate early ontogenetic
boundaries between the axial rudiment and the extraxial
larval body. There is a complex and pervasive reorganization
of gene expression domains to produce the highly divergent
morphologies seen in the Echinodermata. We integrate
morphological and genetic information, particularly with
respect to the origins of radial symmetry in the rudiment,
and the concomitant development of the rays.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1525-142x.2005.05058.x},
Key = {fds231597}
}
@article{fds231530,
Author = {Balhoff, JP and Wray, GA},
Title = {Evolutionary analysis of the well characterized endo16
promoter reveals substantial variation within functional
sites.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {102},
Number = {24},
Pages = {8591-8596},
Year = {2005},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15937122},
Abstract = {The evolutionary mechanisms that operate on genetic
variation within transcriptional regulatory sequences are
not well understood. We present here an evolutionary
analysis of an exceptionally well characterized
cis-regulatory region, the endo16 promoter of the purple sea
urchin. Segregating variation reveals striking differences
in the intensity of negative selection among regulatory
modules, reflecting their distinct functional roles.
Surprisingly, transcription-factor-binding sites are as
polymorphic and as likely to contain fixed differences as
flanking nucleotides. Whereas nucleotides in protein-binding
sites in the most proximal regulatory module exhibit reduced
variation, those in other modules tend to be more
polymorphic than putatively nonfunctional nucleotides. Two
unrelated large insertions at the same position within the
promoter are segregating at low frequencies; one is a strong
ectodermal repressor that contains 16 verified
transcription-factor-binding sites. These results
demonstrate that a simple relationship between conservation
and function does not exist within this cis-regulatory
region and highlight significant population heterogeneity in
the fine structure of a well understood promoter.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0409638102},
Key = {fds231530}
}
@article{fds231484,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {Evolutionary mechanisms that operate on embryonic gene
expression in purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus
purpuratus},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {44},
Number = {6},
Pages = {668-668},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2004},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1540-7063},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000226721401176&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds231484}
}
@article{fds231605,
Author = {Rockman, MV and Hahn, MW and Soranzo, N and Loisel, DA and Goldstein,
DB and Wray, GA},
Title = {Positive selection on MMP3 regulation has shaped heart
disease risk.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {14},
Number = {17},
Pages = {1531-1539},
Year = {2004},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0960-9822},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15341739},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>The evolutionary forces of mutation,
natural selection, and genetic drift shape the pattern of
phenotypic variation in nature, but the roles of these
forces in defining the distributions of particular traits
have been hard to disentangle. To better understand the
mechanisms contributing to common variation in humans, we
investigated the evolutionary history of a functional
polymorphism in the upstream regulatory region of the MMP3
gene. This single base pair insertion/deletion variant,
which results in a run of either 5 or 6 thymidines 1608 bp
from the transcription start site, alters transcription
factor binding and influences levels of MMP3 mRNA and
protein. The polymorphism contributes to variation in
arterial traits and to the risk of coronary heart disease
and its progression.<h4>Results</h4>Phylogenetic and
population genetic analysis of primate sequences indicate
that the binding site region is rapidly evolving and has
been a hot spot for mutation for tens of millions of years.
We also find evidence for the action of positive selection,
beginning approximately 24,000 years ago, increasing the
frequency of the high-expression allele in Europe but not
elsewhere. Positive selection is evident in statistical
tests of differentiation among populations and haplotype
diversity within populations. Europeans have greater
arterial elasticity and suffer dramatically fewer coronary
heart disease events than they would have had this selection
not occurred.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Locally elevated mutation
rates and strong positive selection on a cis-regulatory
variant have shaped contemporary phenotypic variation and
public health.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2004.08.051},
Key = {fds231605}
}
@article{fds231608,
Author = {Hahn, MW and Rockman, MV and Soranzo, N and Goldstein, DB and Wray,
GA},
Title = {Population genetic and phylogenetic evidence for positive
selection on regulatory mutations at the factor VII locus in
humans.},
Journal = {Genetics},
Volume = {167},
Number = {2},
Pages = {867-877},
Year = {2004},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0016-6731},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15238535},
Abstract = {The abundance of cis-regulatory polymorphisms in humans
suggests that many may have been important in human
evolution, but evidence for their role is relatively rare.
Four common polymorphisms in the 5' promoter region of
factor VII (F7), a coagulation factor, have been shown to
affect its transcription and protein abundance both in vitro
and in vivo. Three of these polymorphisms have low-frequency
alleles that decrease expression of F7 and may provide
protection against myocardial infarction (heart attacks).
The fourth polymorphism has a minor allele that increases
the level of transcription. To look for evidence of natural
selection on the cis-regulatory variants flanking F7, we
genotyped three of the polymorphisms in six Old World
populations for which we also have data from a group of
putatively neutral SNPs. Our population genetic analysis
shows evidence for selection within humans; surprisingly,
the strongest evidence is due to a large increase in
frequency of the high-expression variant in Singaporean
Chinese. Further characterization of a Japanese population
shows that at least part of the increase in frequency of the
high-expression allele is found in other East Asian
populations. In addition, to examine interspecific patterns
of selection we sequenced the homologous 5' noncoding region
in chimpanzees, bonobos, a gorilla, an orangutan, and a
baboon. Analysis of these data reveals an excess of fixed
differences within transcription factor binding sites along
the human lineage. Our results thus further support the
hypothesis that regulatory mutations have been important in
human evolution.},
Doi = {10.1534/genetics.103.025726},
Key = {fds231608}
}
@article{fds231526,
Author = {Levinton, J and Dubb, L and Wray, GA},
Title = {Simulations of evolutionary radiations and their application
to understanding the probability of a Cambrian
explosion},
Journal = {Journal of Paleontology},
Volume = {78},
Number = {1},
Pages = {31-38},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0022-3360(2004)078<0031:SOERAT>2.0.CO;2},
Abstract = {A molecular survey of animal phylogeny (Wray et al., 1996)
recovered the presumed correct temporal order of the
phylogenetic splits Protostomata- Deuterostomata,
Echinodermata-Chordata, and Agnatha-Gnathostomata in studies
of six of seven gene sequences. This result raised the
question of how this order could be recovered if all of the
phyla had appeared in a Cambrian "explosion" of less than 10
m.y., given the expected erratic nature of the molecular
"clock." We simulated trees, and molecular sequence
evolution along the trees, under different evolutionary
radiation scenarios, with different periods of radiation,
relative to times of subsequent evolution. Simulations and
phylogenetic analyses of sequences derived from a simulated
"Cambrian explosion" of 10-35 million years did not allow
the successful recovery of the correct tree, using
neighbor-joining, maximum likelihood, or parsimony methods.
Success in recovering phylogenies under a Cambrian
divergence scenario (520 million years ago) did not exceed
80 percent without an extended divergence time interval of
at least 100 m.y. An increased substitution rate during the
initial radiation improved the ability to recover correct
phylogenies, especially when the rate was 8-10 times the
rate following the radiation. Our results militate against
the likelihood of an Early Cambrian or slightly longer
explosion of the animal phyla, as apparently supported by
the fossil record. Some limitations to these conclusions are
discussed.},
Doi = {10.1666/0022-3360(2004)078<0031:SOERAT>2.0.CO;2},
Key = {fds231526}
}
@article{fds231527,
Author = {Bely, AE and Wray, GA},
Title = {Molecular phylogeny of naidid worms (Annelida: Clitellata)
based on cytochrome oxidase I.},
Journal = {Molecular phylogenetics and evolution},
Volume = {30},
Number = {1},
Pages = {50-63},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1055-7903},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1055-7903(03)00180-5},
Abstract = {Naidids are tiny, primarily freshwater oligochaete annelids
which reproduce asexually by fission. We investigated the
phylogenetic relationships within this group by sequencing
1224 bp of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI)
from 26 species of naidids (representing 13 of the 23 genera
currently recognized), as well as from four tubificids,
their closest allies. Although not completely concordant,
maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference analyses agreed in
several important respects, with no well-supported
conflicts. Our study, the first detailed molecular
investigation of naidid relationships, suggests that naidids
fall into two groups, one comprised of the genus Pristina,
and another comprised of all other genera sampled. The clear
division of naidids into these two groups best matches an
early, simple classification of the group by Lastockin
(1924); the more recent classifications proposed by Sperber
(1948) and Nemec and Brinkhurst (1987) are not as consistent
with our results. We note that our study suggests the genus
Stylaria is comprised of two distinct species, Stylaria
lacustris and Stylaria fossularis, rather than merely two
morphotypes of a single species. Based on our phylogenetic
results, we suggest that pigmented eyes evolved only once
among naidids but must have been lost multiple times, and
that the elongation of the prostomium into a proboscis
evolved at least twice independently. The simplest form of
fission, architomy (fragmentation), occurs in two of the
most basally branching naidid genera, and may represent the
plesiomorphic condition for naidids.},
Doi = {10.1016/s1055-7903(03)00180-5},
Key = {fds231527}
}
@article{fds231528,
Author = {Ettensohn, CA and Wessel, GM and Wray, GA},
Title = {The invertebrate deuterostomes: an introduction to their
phylogeny, reproduction, development, and
genomics.},
Journal = {Methods in cell biology},
Volume = {74},
Pages = {1-13},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0091-679X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0091-679x(04)74001-7},
Doi = {10.1016/s0091-679x(04)74001-7},
Key = {fds231528}
}
@article{fds231529,
Author = {Wray, GA and Kitazawa, C and Miner, B},
Title = {Culture of echinoderm larvae through metamorphosis.},
Journal = {Methods in cell biology},
Volume = {74},
Pages = {75-86},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0091-679X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15575603},
Doi = {10.1016/s0091-679x(04)74004-2},
Key = {fds231529}
}
@book{fds29611,
Author = {Ettensohn, C.A. and G. M. Wessell and G. A. Wray},
Title = {Development of Sea Urchins, Ascidians, and Other
Invertebrate Deuterostomes: Experimental
Approaches},
Publisher = {Academic Press, San Diego CA},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds29611}
}
@article{fds29612,
Author = {Wray, G. A. and C. Kitazawa and B. Miner},
Title = {Culture of echinoderm larvae though metamorphosis},
Pages = {75-86},
Booktitle = {Development of Sea Urchins, Ascidians, and Other
Invertebrate Deuterostomes: Experimental
Approaches},
Publisher = {Academic Press, San Diego CA},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds29612}
}
@article{fds231607,
Author = {Bely, AE and Wray, GA},
Title = {Molecular phylogeny of naidid worms (Annelida:
Clitellata)},
Journal = {Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution},
Volume = {30},
Pages = {50-63},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds231607}
}
@article{fds231609,
Author = {Rockman, MV and Hahn, MW and Soranzo, N and Goldstein, DB and Wray,
GA},
Title = {Positive selection on a human-specific transcription factor
binding site regulating IL4 expression.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {13},
Number = {23},
Pages = {2118-2123},
Year = {2003},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0960-9822},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14654003},
Abstract = {A single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter of the
multifunctional cytokine Interleukin 4 (IL4) affects the
binding of NFAT, a key transcriptional activator of IL4 in T
cells. This regulatory polymorphism influences the balance
of cytokine signaling in the immune system, with important
consequences-positive and negative-for human health. We
determined that the NFAT binding site is unique to humans;
it arose by point mutation along the lineage separating
humans from other great apes. We show that its frequency
distribution among human subpopulations has been shaped by
the balance of selective forces on IL4's diverse roles. New
statistical approaches, based on parametric and
nonparametric comparisons to neutral variants typed in the
same individuals, indicate that differentiation among
subpopulations at the IL4 promoter polymorphism is too great
to be attributed to neutral drift. The allele frequencies of
this binding site represent local adaptation to diverse
pathogenic challenges; disease states associated with the
common derived allele are side-effects of positive selection
on other IL4 functions.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2003.11.025},
Key = {fds231609}
}
@article{fds231611,
Author = {Romano, LA and Wray, GA},
Title = {Conservation of Endo16 expression in sea urchins despite
evolutionary divergence in both cis and trans-acting
components of transcriptional regulation.},
Journal = {Development (Cambridge, England)},
Volume = {130},
Number = {17},
Pages = {4187-4199},
Year = {2003},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0950-1991},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12874137},
Abstract = {Evolutionary changes in transcriptional regulation
undoubtedly play an important role in creating morphological
diversity. However, there is little information about the
evolutionary dynamics of cis-regulatory sequences. This
study examines the functional consequence of evolutionary
changes in the Endo16 promoter of sea urchins. The Endo16
gene encodes a large extracellular protein that is expressed
in the endoderm and may play a role in cell adhesion. Its
promoter has been characterized in exceptional detail in the
purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. We have
characterized the structure and function of the Endo16
promoter from a second sea urchin species, Lytechinus
variegatus. The Endo16 promoter sequences have evolved in a
strongly mosaic manner since these species diverged
approximately 35 million years ago: the most proximal region
(module A) is conserved, but the remaining modules (B-G) are
unalignable. Despite extensive divergence in promoter
sequences, the pattern of Endo16 transcription is largely
conserved during embryonic and larval development. Transient
expression assays demonstrate that 2.2 kb of upstream
sequence in either species is sufficient to drive GFP
reporter expression that correctly mimics this pattern of
Endo16 transcription. Reciprocal cross-species transient
expression assays imply that changes have also evolved in
the set of transcription factors that interact with the
Endo16 promoter. Taken together, these results suggest that
stabilizing selection on the transcriptional output may have
operated to maintain a similar pattern of Endo16 expression
in S. purpuratus and L. variegatus, despite dramatic
divergence in promoter sequence and mechanisms of
transcriptional regulation.},
Doi = {10.1242/dev.00611},
Key = {fds231611}
}
@article{fds231612,
Author = {Wray, GA and Hahn, MW and Abouheif, E and Balhoff, JP and Pizer, M and Rockman, MV and Romano, LA},
Title = {The evolution of transcriptional regulation in
eukaryotes.},
Journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
Volume = {20},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1377-1419},
Year = {2003},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0737-4038},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12777501},
Abstract = {Gene expression is central to the genotype-phenotype
relationship in all organisms, and it is an important
component of the genetic basis for evolutionary change in
diverse aspects of phenotype. However, the evolution of
transcriptional regulation remains understudied and poorly
understood. Here we review the evolutionary dynamics of
promoter, or cis-regulatory, sequences and the evolutionary
mechanisms that shape them. Existing evidence indicates that
populations harbor extensive genetic variation in promoter
sequences, that a substantial fraction of this variation has
consequences for both biochemical and organismal phenotype,
and that some of this functional variation is sorted by
selection. As with protein-coding sequences, rates and
patterns of promoter sequence evolution differ considerably
among loci and among clades for reasons that are not well
understood. Studying the evolution of transcriptional
regulation poses empirical and conceptual challenges beyond
those typically encountered in analyses of coding sequence
evolution: promoter organization is much less regular than
that of coding sequences, and sequences required for the
transcription of each locus reside at multiple other loci in
the genome. Because of the strong context-dependence of
transcriptional regulation, sequence inspection alone
provides limited information about promoter function.
Understanding the functional consequences of sequence
differences among promoters generally requires biochemical
and in vivo functional assays. Despite these challenges,
important insights have already been gained into the
evolution of transcriptional regulation, and the pace of
discovery is accelerating.},
Doi = {10.1093/molbev/msg140},
Key = {fds231612}
}
@article{fds231610,
Author = {Knott, KE and Balser, EJ and Jaeckle, WB and Wray,
GA},
Title = {Identification of asteroid genera with species capable of
larval cloning.},
Journal = {The Biological bulletin},
Volume = {204},
Number = {3},
Pages = {246-255},
Year = {2003},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1543596},
Abstract = {Asexual reproduction in larvae, larval cloning, is a
recently recognized component of the complex life histories
of asteroids. We compare DNA sequences of mitochondrial tRNA
genes (Ala, Leu, Asn, Pro, and Gln) from larvae in the
process of cloning collected in the field with sequences
from adults of known species in order to identify asteroid
taxa capable of cloning. Neighbor-joining analysis
identified four distinct groups of larvae, each having no,
or very little, sequence divergence (p distances ranging
from 0.00000 to 0.02589); thus, we conclude that each larval
group most likely represents a single species. These
field-collected larvae cannot be identified to species with
certainty, but the close assemblage of known taxa with the
four larval groups indicates generic or familial identity.
We can assign two of the larval groups discerned here to the
genera Luidia and Oreaster and another two to the family
Ophidiasteridae. This study is the first to identify
field-collected cloning asteroid larvae, and provides
evidence that larval cloning is phylogenetically widespread
within the Asteroidea. Additionally, we note that cloning
occurs regularly and in multiple ways within species that
are capable of cloning, emphasizing the need for further
investigation of the role of larval cloning in the ecology
and evolution of asteroids.},
Doi = {10.2307/1543596},
Key = {fds231610}
}
@article{fds231613,
Author = {Hahn, MW and Stajich, JE and Wray, GA},
Title = {The effects of selection against spurious transcription
factor binding sites.},
Journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
Volume = {20},
Number = {6},
Pages = {901-906},
Year = {2003},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0737-4038},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12716998},
Abstract = {Most genomes contain nucleotide sequences with no known
function; such sequences are assumed to be free of
constraints, evolving only according to the vagaries of
mutation. Here we show that selection acts to remove
spurious transcription factor binding site motifs throughout
52 fully sequenced genomes of Eubacteria and Archaea.
Examining the sequences necessary for polymerase binding, we
find that spurious binding sites are underrepresented in
both coding and noncoding regions. The average proportion of
spurious binding sites found relative to the expected is 80%
in eubacterial genomes and 89% in archaeal genomes. We also
estimate the strength of selection against spurious binding
sites in the face of the constant creation of new binding
sites via mutation. Under conservative assumptions, we
estimate that selection is weak, with the average efficacy
of selection against spurious binding sites, Nes, of -0.12
for eubacterial genomes and -0.06 for archaeal genomes,
similar to that of codon bias. Our results suggest that both
coding and noncoding sequences are constrained by selection
to avoid specific regions of sequence space.},
Doi = {10.1093/molbev/msg096},
Key = {fds231613}
}
@article{fds231606,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {Transcriptional regulation and the evolution of
development.},
Journal = {The International journal of developmental
biology},
Volume = {47},
Number = {7-8},
Pages = {675-684},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0214-6282},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14756343},
Abstract = {A growing body of evidence suggests that changes in
transcriptional regulation form an important part of the
genetic basis for the evolution of development. At a
microevolutionary level, all the necessary conditions are
present: populations harbor abundant genetic variation for
differences in transcription profiles, a substantial
fraction of these variants can influence organismal
phenotype, and some variants have fitness consequences and
are subject to natural selection. At a macroevolutionary
level, the evidence is less direct but strongly suggestive:
specific differences in anatomy and gene expression are
often correlated, while comparisons of transcription
profiles among distantly related taxa point to extensive
evolutionary changes in regulatory gene networks.
Understanding how transcriptional regulatory systems evolve,
and what contributions these changes have made to the
evolution of phenotype, represents a major challenge for
Evo-Devo.},
Key = {fds231606}
}
@article{fds5030,
Author = {Wray, G.A.},
Title = {Transcriptional regulation: evolution},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of the Human Genome},
Publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
Editor = {D. Cooper},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds5030}
}
@article{fds231525,
Author = {Wray, GA and Strathmann, RR},
Title = {Stasis, change, and functional constraint in the evolution
of animal body plans, whatever they may be},
Journal = {Vie et Milieu},
Volume = {52},
Number = {4},
Pages = {189-199},
Year = {2002},
Month = {December},
Abstract = {The phrase "body plan" or "bauplan" has been used to mean
(1) the characteristic features of a phylum or other taxon
of high rank, (2) architectural features of animals (such as
symmetry; modular units; types of body walls, body cavities,
body openings, and body subdivisions; types of supporting
structures; position and structure of organ systems), (3)
traits characteristic of an especially invariant stage in a
life history (phylotypic stage), or (4) patterns of gene
expression that first indicate the development of regions of
the body. Multiple meanings of bodyplan within one argument
can be misleading, but under all four meanings, body plans
of animals have changed after stasis for long periods and
after stasis during divergence of other traits. Change in
body plans is often associated with an identifiable change
in a functional constraint. Examples include decreases in
body size and changes in requirements for feeding or
locomotion. These observations support the hypothesis that
functional constraints contribute to stasis in body plans.
There is evidence that ancestral developmental processes
constrain directions of evolutionary changes in body plans.
There is little evidence that developmental processes
prevent changes in body plans, but evidence for
developmental constraint is more difficult to obtain than
evidence for functional constraint.},
Key = {fds231525}
}
@article{fds231617,
Author = {Rockman, MV and Wray, GA},
Title = {Abundant raw material for cis-regulatory evolution in
humans.},
Journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
Volume = {19},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1991-2004},
Year = {2002},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0737-4038},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12411608},
Abstract = {Changes in gene expression and regulation--due in particular
to the evolution of cis-regulatory DNA sequences--may
underlie many evolutionary changes in phenotypes, yet little
is known about the distribution of such variation in
populations. We present in this study the first survey of
experimentally validated functional cis-regulatory
polymorphism. These data are derived from more than 140
polymorphisms involved in the regulation of 107 genes in
Homo sapiens, the eukaryote species with the most available
data. We find that functional cis-regulatory variation is
widespread in the human genome and that the consequent
variation in gene expression is twofold or greater for 63%
of the genes surveyed. Transcription factor-DNA interactions
are highly polymorphic, and regulatory interactions have
been gained and lost within human populations. On average,
humans are heterozygous at more functional cis-regulatory
sites (>16,000) than at amino acid positions (<13,000), in
part because of an overrepresentation among the former in
multiallelic tandem repeat variation, especially (AC)(n)
dinucleotide microsatellites. The role of microsatellites in
gene expression variation may provide a larger store of
heritable phenotypic variation, and a more rapid mutational
input of such variation, than has been realized. Finally, we
outline the distinctive consequences of cis-regulatory
variation for the genotype-phenotype relationship, including
ubiquitous epistasis and genotype-by-environment
interactions, as well as underappreciated modes of
pleiotropy and overdominance. Ordinary small-scale mutations
contribute to pervasive variation in transcription rates and
consequently to patterns of human phenotypic
variation.},
Doi = {10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004023},
Key = {fds231617}
}
@article{fds231614,
Author = {Bely, AE and Wray, GA},
Title = {Getting a head in the world},
Journal = {Natural History},
Volume = {10/02},
Pages = {30-32},
Year = {2002},
Month = {October},
Key = {fds231614}
}
@article{fds231476,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {Evolution of a well-characterized embryonic promoter: the
Endo16 cis-regulatory system of sea urchins.},
Journal = {DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY},
Volume = {247},
Number = {2},
Pages = {519-519},
Publisher = {ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE},
Year = {2002},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0012-1606},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000176830700339&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds231476}
}
@article{fds231618,
Author = {Abouheif, E and Wray, GA},
Title = {Evolution of the gene network underlying wing polyphenism in
ants.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {297},
Number = {5579},
Pages = {249-252},
Year = {2002},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12114626},
Abstract = {Wing polyphenism in ants evolved once, 125 million years
ago, and has been a key to their amazing evolutionary
success. We characterized the expression of several genes
within the network underlying the wing primordia of
reproductive (winged) and sterile (wingless) ant castes. We
show that the expression of several genes within the network
is conserved in the winged castes of four ant species,
whereas points of interruption within the network in the
wingless castes are evolutionarily labile. The simultaneous
evolutionary lability and conservation of the network
underlying wing development in ants may have played an
important role in the morphological diversification of this
group and may be a general feature of polyphenic development
and evolution in plants and animals.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1071468},
Key = {fds231618}
}
@article{fds231522,
Author = {Lowe, CJ and Issel-Tarver, L and Wray, GA},
Title = {Gene expression and larval evolution: changing roles of
distal-less and orthodenticle in echinoderm
larvae.},
Journal = {Evolution & development},
Volume = {4},
Number = {2},
Pages = {111-123},
Year = {2002},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1520-541X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-142x.2002.01066.x},
Abstract = {We describe the expression of the homeobox genes
orthodenticle (Otx) and distal-less (Dlx) during the larval
development of seven species representing three classes of
echinoderms: Holothuroidea, Asteroidea, and Echinoidea.
Several expression domains are conserved between species
within a single class, including Dlx expression within the
brachiolar arms of asteroid larvae and Otx expression within
the ciliated bands of holothuroid larvae. Some expression
domains are apparently conserved between classes, such as
the expression of Dlx within the hydrocoel (left mesocoel)
in all three classes. However, several substantial
differences in expression domains among taxa were also
evident for both genes. Some autapomorphic (unique derived)
features of gene expression are phylogenetically associated
with autapomorphic structures, such as Dlx expression within
the invaginating rudiment of euechinoids. Other
autapomorphic gene expression domains are associated with
evolutionary shifts in life history from feeding to
nonfeeding larval development, such as Otx expression within
the ciliated bands of a nonfeeding holothuroid larva.
Similar associations between evolutionary changes in
morphology and life history mode with changes in regulatory
gene expression have also been observed in arthropods,
urochordates, and chordates. We predict that recruitment of
regulatory genes to a new developmental role is commonly
associated with evolutionary changes in morphology and may
be particularly common in clades with complex life cycles
and diversity of life history modes. Caution should be used
when making generalizations about gene expression and
function based on a single species, which may not accurately
reflect developmental processes and life histories of the
phyla to which it belongs.},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1525-142x.2002.01066.x},
Key = {fds231522}
}
@article{fds231615,
Author = {Hahn, MW and Wray, GA},
Title = {The g-value paradox.},
Journal = {Evolution & development},
Volume = {4},
Number = {2},
Pages = {73-75},
Year = {2002},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1520-541X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004964},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1525-142x.2002.01069.x},
Key = {fds231615}
}
@article{fds231616,
Author = {Lowe, CJ and Issel Tarver and L and Wray, GA},
Title = {Evolution of new developmental roles for orthodenticle and
distal-less in the larvae of echinoderms},
Journal = {Evolution & Development},
Volume = {4},
Pages = {111-123},
Year = {2002},
Month = {February},
Key = {fds231616}
}
@article{fds231523,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {Dating branches on the tree of life using
DNA.},
Journal = {Genome biology},
Volume = {3},
Number = {1},
Pages = {REVIEWS0001},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11806830},
Abstract = {The use of DNA sequences to estimate the timing of
evolutionary events is increasingly popular, although it is
fraught with practical difficulties. But the exponential
growth of relevant information and improved methods of
analysis are providing increasingly reliable
sequence-derived dates, and it may become possible to
reconcile fossil-derived and molecular estimates of
divergence times within the next few years.},
Doi = {10.1186/gb-2001-3-1-reviews0001},
Key = {fds231523}
}
@article{fds231524,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {Do convergent developmental mechanisms underlie convergent
phenotypes?},
Journal = {Brain, behavior and evolution},
Volume = {59},
Number = {5-6},
Pages = {327-336},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0006-8977},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12207087},
Abstract = {Convergence is a pervasive evolutionary process, affecting
many aspects of phenotype and even genotype. Relatively
little is known about convergence in developmental
processes, however, nor about the degree to which
convergence in development underlies convergence in anatomy.
A switch in the ecology of sea urchins from feeding to
nonfeeding larvae illustrates how convergence in development
can be associated with convergence in anatomy. Comparisons
to more distantly related taxa, however, suggest that this
association may be limited to relatively close phylogenetic
comparisons. Similarities in gene expression during
development provide another window into the association
between convergence in developmental processes and
convergence in anatomy. Several well-studied transcription
factors exhibit likely cases of convergent gene expression
in distantly related animal phyla. Convergence in regulatory
gene expression domains is probably more common than
generally acknowledged, and can arise for several different
reasons.},
Doi = {10.1159/000063566},
Key = {fds231524}
}
@article{fds304340,
Author = {Stone, JR and Wray, GA},
Title = {Rapid evolution of cis-regulatory sequences via local point
mutations.},
Journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
Volume = {18},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1764-1770},
Year = {2001},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0737-4038},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003964},
Abstract = {Although the evolution of protein-coding sequences within
genomes is well understood, the same cannot be said of the
cis-regulatory regions that control transcription. Yet,
changes in gene expression are likely to constitute an
important component of phenotypic evolution. We simulated
the evolution of new transcription factor binding sites via
local point mutations. The results indicate that new binding
sites appear and become fixed within populations on
microevolutionary timescales under an assumption of neutral
evolution. Even combinations of two new binding sites evolve
very quickly. We predict that local point mutations
continually generate considerable genetic variation that is
capable of altering gene expression.},
Doi = {10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003964},
Key = {fds304340}
}
@article{fds231604,
Author = {Bely, AE and Wray, GA},
Title = {Evolution of regeneration and fission in annelids: insights
from engrailed- and orthodenticle-class gene
expression.},
Journal = {Development (Cambridge, England)},
Volume = {128},
Number = {14},
Pages = {2781-2791},
Year = {2001},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.128.14.2781},
Abstract = {The recent explosion of information on the role of
regulatory genes in embryogenesis provides an excellent
opportunity to study how these genes participate in
post-embryonic developmental processes. We present a
detailed comparison of regulatory gene expression during
regeneration and asexual reproduction (by fission) in the
segmented worm Pristina leidyi (Annelida: Oligochaeta). We
isolated three genes from Pristina, one homolog of engrailed
and two homologs of orthodenticle, and characterized their
expression in different developmental contexts. In situ
hybridization studies on worms undergoing normal growth,
regeneration and fission demonstrate that in all three
processes, Pl-en is expressed primarily in the developing
nervous system, and Pl-Otx1 and Pl-Otx2 are expressed
primarily in the anterior body wall, foregut and developing
nervous system. Our data reveal extensive similarities
between expression during regeneration and fission,
consistent with the idea that similar developmental
processes underlie these two types of development. Thus, we
argue that in these annelids fission may have evolved by
recruitment of regenerative processes. Furthermore, by
comparing our data to existing data from leech embryos, we
find evidence that embryonic processes are re-deployed
during regeneration and fission.},
Doi = {10.1242/dev.128.14.2781},
Key = {fds231604}
}
@article{fds231480,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {Resolving the Hox Paradox},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {292},
Number = {5525},
Pages = {2256-2257},
Publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science
(AAAS)},
Year = {2001},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000169455900031&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {<jats:p> <jats:bold>From DNA to Diversity</jats:bold>
Molecular Genetics and the Evolution of Animal Design. Sean
B. Carroll, Jennifer K. Grenier, and Scott D. Weatherbee.
Blackwell Science, Malden, MA, 2001. 230 pp. Paper, $44.95,
£33.95. ISBN 0-632-04511-6. </jats:p> <jats:p>
<jats:bold>Genomic Regulatory Systems</jats:bold>
Development and Evolution. Eric H. Davidson. Academic Press,
San Diego, 2001. 273 pp. $49.95. ISBN 0-12-205351-6.
</jats:p> <jats:p> The evolution of developmental gene
networks is the focus of both of these books. Carroll
<jats:italic>et al</jats:italic> . provide an easy-access
introduction to the topic that relies on lessons drawn from
a handful of model organisms. Davidson stresses general
principles in his less accessible but deeper account, which
is aimed at his colleagues in the "evo-devo" field.
</jats:p>},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1060305},
Key = {fds231480}
}
@article{fds231478,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {A world apart - The larval lifestyle may seem alien to us
terrestrial bipeds, but it comes quite naturally to most
creatures - especially inhabitants of the world's
oceans.},
Journal = {NATURAL HISTORY},
Volume = {110},
Number = {2},
Pages = {52-+},
Publisher = {AMER MUSEUM NAT HISTORY},
Year = {2001},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0028-0712},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000167053900013&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds231478}
}
@misc{fds2127,
Author = {MW Hahn and GA Wray},
Title = {the G-value paradox},
Journal = {Evolution and Development},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds2127}
}
@article{fds231603,
Author = {Stone, JR and Wray, GA},
Title = {Rapid appearance of new transcription factor binding sites
by local point mutation},
Journal = {Molecular Biology and Evolution},
Volume = {18},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1764-1770},
Year = {2001},
ISSN = {0737-4038},
Abstract = {Although the evolution of protein-coding sequences within
genomes is well understood, the same cannot be said of the
cis-regulatory regions that control transcription. Yet,
changes in gene expression are likely to constitute an
important component of phenotypic evolution. We simulated
the evolution of new transcription factor binding sites via
local point mutations. The results indicate that new binding
sites appear and become fixed within populations on
microevolutionary timescales under an assumption of neutral
evolution. Even combinations of two new binding sites evolve
very quickly. We predict that local point mutations
continually generate considerable genetic variation that is
capable of altering gene expression.},
Key = {fds231603}
}
@article{fds231482,
Author = {Pizer, M and Wray, GA},
Title = {The evolution and development of left-right asymmetry in
echinoderms.},
Journal = {AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST},
Volume = {40},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1173-1173},
Publisher = {AMER SOC ZOOLOGISTS},
Year = {2000},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0003-1569},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000168132000638&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds231482}
}
@article{fds303170,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {The evolution of embryonic patterning mechanisms in
animals.},
Journal = {Seminars in cell & developmental biology},
Volume = {11},
Number = {6},
Pages = {385-393},
Year = {2000},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1084-9521},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11145866},
Abstract = {Animals exhibit an enormous diversity of life cycles and
larval morphologies. The developmental basis for this
diversity is not well understood. It is clear, however, that
mechanisms of pattern formation in early embryos differ
significantly among and within groups of animals. These
differences show surprisingly little correlation with
phylogenetic relationships; instead, many are correlated
with ecological factors, such as changes in life
histories.},
Doi = {10.1006/scdb.2000.0191},
Key = {fds303170}
}
@article{fds231598,
Author = {Cameron, RA and Mahairas, G and Rast, JP and Martinez, P and Biondi, TR and Swartzell, S and Wallace, JC and Poustka, AJ and Livingston, BT and Wray, GA and Ettensohn, CA and Lehrach, H and Britten, RJ and Davidson,
EH and Hood, L},
Title = {A sea urchin genome project: sequence scan, virtual map, and
additional resources.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {97},
Number = {17},
Pages = {9514-9518},
Year = {2000},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.160261897},
Abstract = {Results of a first-stage Sea Urchin Genome Project are
summarized here. The species chosen was Strongylocentrotus
purpuratus, a research model of major importance in
developmental and molecular biology. A virtual map of the
genome was constructed by sequencing the ends of 76,020
bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) recombinants (average
length, 125 kb). The BAC-end sequence tag connectors (STCs)
occur an average of 10 kb apart, and, together with
restriction digest patterns recorded for the same BAC
clones, they provide immediate access to contigs of several
hundred kilobases surrounding any gene of interest. The STCs
survey >5% of the genome and provide the estimate that this
genome contains approximately 27,350 protein-coding genes.
The frequency distribution and canonical sequences of all
middle and highly repetitive sequence families in the genome
were obtained from the STCs as well. The 500-kb Hox gene
complex of this species is being sequenced in its entirety.
In addition, arrayed cDNA libraries of >10(5) clones each
were constructed from every major stage of embryogenesis,
several individual cell types, and adult tissues and are
available to the community. The accumulated STC data and an
expanding expressed sequence tag database (at present
including >12, 000 sequences) have been reported to GenBank
and are accessible on public web sites.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.160261897},
Key = {fds231598}
}
@article{fds304339,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {Peering ahead (cautiously).},
Journal = {Evolution & development},
Volume = {2},
Number = {3},
Pages = {125-126},
Year = {2000},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-142x.2000.00001.x},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1525-142x.2000.00001.x},
Key = {fds304339}
}
@article{fds303169,
Author = {Wray, GA and Lowe, CJ},
Title = {Developmental regulatory genes and echinoderm
evolution.},
Journal = {Systematic biology},
Volume = {49},
Number = {1},
Pages = {28-51},
Year = {2000},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1063-5157},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12116481},
Abstract = {Modified interactions among developmental regulatory genes
and changes in their expression domains are likely to be an
important part of the developmental basis for evolutionary
changes in morphology. Although developmental regulatory
genes are now being studied in an increasing number of taxa,
there has been little attempt to analyze the resulting data
within an explicit phylogenetic context. Here we present
comparative analyses of expression data from regulatory
genes in the phylum Echinodermata, considering the
implications for understanding both echinoderm evolution as
well as the evolution of regulatory genes in general.
Reconstructing the independent evolutionary histories of
regulatory genes, their expression domains, their
developmental roles, and the structures in which they are
expressed reveals a number of distinct evolutionary
patterns. A few of these patterns correspond to
interpretations common in the literature, whereas others
have received little prior mention. Together, the analyses
indicate that the evolution of echinoderms involved: (1) the
appearance of many apomorphic developmental roles and
expression domains, some of which have plesiomorphic
bilateral symmetry and others of which have apomorphic
radial symmetry or left-right asymmetry; (2) the loss of
some developmental roles and expression domains thought to
be plesiomorphic for Bilateria; and (3) the retention of
some developmental roles thought to be plesiomorphic for
Bilateria, although with modification in expression domains.
Some of the modifications within the Echinodermata concern
adult structures; others, transient larval structures. Some
changes apparently appeared early in echinoderm evolution (>
450 Ma), whereas others probably happened more recently (<
50 Ma). Cases of likely convergence in expression domains
suggest caution when using developmental regulatory genes to
make inferences about homology among morphological
structures of distantly related taxa.},
Doi = {10.1080/10635150050207375},
Key = {fds303169}
}
@article{fds231475,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {The evolution of sea urchin development},
Journal = {REGULATORY PROCESSES IN DEVELOPMENT},
Volume = {76},
Pages = {49-60},
Booktitle = {Regulatory Processes in Development},
Publisher = {PORTLAND PRESS LTD},
Editor = {Olsson, L and Jacobson, CO},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {1-85578-136-0},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000176557000004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds231475}
}
@article{fds231515,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {Gene expression during echinoderm metamorphosis.},
Journal = {Zygote (Cambridge, England)},
Volume = {8 Suppl 1},
Pages = {S48-S49},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0967-1994},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11191307},
Key = {fds231515}
}
@article{fds231517,
Author = {Lowe, CJ and Wray, GA},
Title = {Rearing larvae of sea urchins and sea stars for
developmental studies.},
Journal = {Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)},
Volume = {135},
Pages = {9-15},
Booktitle = {Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 135: Developmental
Biology Protocols},
Publisher = {Totowa NJ: Humana Press},
Editor = {R. Tuan and C. Lo},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-685-1:9},
Doi = {10.1385/1-59259-685-1:9},
Key = {fds231517}
}
@article{fds231601,
Author = {Emily, K and Wray, GA},
Title = {Controversy and consensus in asteroid systernatics: New
insights to ordinal and familial relationships},
Journal = {American Zoologist},
Volume = {40},
Number = {3},
Pages = {382-392},
Publisher = {Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-1569},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/40.3.382},
Abstract = {SYNOPSIS. Phylogenetic approaches have sparked controversy
in asteroid systematics since 1987. Despite recent attempts
at resolving these differences and evidence of some
consensus, our understanding of relationships among asteroid
taxa remains unsatisfactory. This paper presents results'of
an investigation into asteroid evolutionary history using
DNA sequence data from mitochondria! transfer RNA and the
cytochrome oxidase c subunit I genes analyzed with and
without previously published ribosomal gene sequences.
Analysis of these genes provides an assessment of familial
relationships but does little to elucidate ordinal
relationships. A basal position for the Paxillosida is not
supported. However, close relationships of some vlatid and
valvatid taxa are upheld. The resulting phytogenies are not
a definitive answer to controversies in asteroid systematic.
However, with new insights to some asteroid relationships,
they highlight the need for a redirection of future
systematic studies so a consensus can be
made.},
Doi = {10.1093/icb/40.3.382},
Key = {fds231601}
}
@article{fds231599,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {Peering ahead (cautiously)},
Journal = {Evolution and Development},
Volume = {2},
Number = {3},
Pages = {1-2},
Year = {2000},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-142X.2000.00001.x},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1525-142X.2000.00001.x},
Key = {fds231599}
}
@article{fds231600,
Author = {Wray, GA and Lowe, CJ},
Title = {Developmental regulatory genes and echinoderm
evolution},
Journal = {Systematic Biology},
Volume = {49},
Number = {1},
Pages = {151-174},
Year = {2000},
ISSN = {1063-5157},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12116481},
Abstract = {Modified interactions among developmental regulatory genes
and changes in their expression domains are likely to be an
important part of the developmental basis for evolutionary
changes in morphology. Although developmental regulatory
genes are now being studied in an increasing number of taxa,
there has been little attempt to analyze the resulting data
within an explicit phylogenetic context. Here we present
comparative analyses of expression data from regulatory
genes in the phylum Echinodermata, considering the
implications for understanding both echinoderm evolution as
well as the evolution of regulatory genes in general.
Reconstructing the independent evolutionary histories of
regulatory genes, their expression domains, their
developmental roles, and the structures in which they are
expressed reveals a number of distinct evolutionary
patterns. A few of these patterns correspond to
interpretations common in the literature, whereas others
have received little prior mention. Together, the analyses
indicate that the evolution of echinoderms involved: (1) the
appearance of many apomorphic developmental roles and
expression domains, some of which have plesiomorphic
bilateral symmetry and others of which have apomorphic
radial symmetry or left-right asymmetry; (2) the loss of
some developmental roles and expression domains thought to
be plesiomorphic for Bilateria; and (3) the retention of
some developmental roles thought to be plesiomorphic for
Bilateria, although with modification in expression domains.
Some of the modifications within the Echinodermata concern
adult structures; others, transient larval structures. Some
changes apparently appeared early in echinoderm evolution (>
450 Ma), whereas others probably happened more recently (<
50 Ma). Cases of likely convergence in expression domains
suggest caution when using developmental regulatory genes to
make inferences about homology among morphological
structures of distantly related taxa.},
Key = {fds231600}
}
@article{fds231602,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {The evolution of embryonic patterning mechanisms in
animals},
Journal = {Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology},
Volume = {11},
Number = {6},
Pages = {353-393},
Year = {2000},
ISSN = {1084-9521},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11145866},
Abstract = {Animals exhibit an enormous diversity of life cycles and
larval morphologies. The developmental basis for this
diversity is not well understood. It is clear, however, that
mechanisms of pattern formation in early embryos differ
significantly among and within groups of animals. These
differences show surprisingly little correlation with
phylogenetic relationships; instead, many are correlated
with ecological factors, such as changes in life
histories.},
Doi = {10.1006/scdb.2000.0191},
Key = {fds231602}
}
@article{fds231516,
Author = {Raff, RA and Arthur, W and Carroll, SB and Coates, MI and Wray,
G},
Title = {Chronicling the birth of a discipline.},
Journal = {Evolution & development},
Volume = {1},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-2},
Year = {1999},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-142x.1999.00110.x},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1525-142x.1999.00110.x},
Key = {fds231516}
}
@article{fds231479,
Author = {Abouheif, E and Wray, GA},
Title = {The evolutionary and developmental genetic basis of wing
polymorphism in ants.},
Journal = {AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST},
Volume = {39},
Number = {5},
Pages = {12A-12A},
Publisher = {SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-1569},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000085800400065&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds231479}
}
@article{fds231481,
Author = {Bely, AE and Wray, GA},
Title = {Expression of homeobox genes during regeneration and asexual
reproduction in an annelid.},
Journal = {AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST},
Volume = {39},
Number = {5},
Pages = {12A-12A},
Publisher = {SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-1569},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000085800400066&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds231481}
}
@article{fds231512,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {Evolutionary dissociations between homologous genes and
homologous structures.},
Journal = {Novartis Foundation symposium},
Volume = {222},
Pages = {189-203},
Booktitle = {Homology},
Publisher = {Chichester (Novartis Foundation Symposium 222):
Wiley},
Editor = {B. Hall},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470515655.ch13},
Abstract = {Phenotype is encoded in the genome in an indirect manner:
each morphological structure is the product of many
interacting genes, and most regulatory genes have several
distinct developmental roles and phenotypic consequences.
The lack of a simple and consistent relationship between
homologous genes and structures has important implications
for understanding correlations between evolutionary changes
at different levels of biological organization. Data from a
variety of organisms are beginning to provide intriguing
glimpses of the complex evolutionary relationship between
genotype and phenotype. Much attention has been devoted to
remarkably conserved relationships between homologous genes
and structures. However, there is increasing evidence that
several kinds of evolutionary dissociations can evolve
between genotype and phenotype, some of which are quite
unexpected. The existence of these dissocations limits the
degree to which it is possible make inferences about the
homology of structures based solely on the expression of
homologous genes.},
Doi = {10.1002/9780470515655.ch13},
Key = {fds231512}
}
@article{fds231513,
Author = {Wray, GA and Abouheif, E},
Title = {When is homology not homology?},
Journal = {Current opinion in genetics & development},
Volume = {8},
Number = {6},
Pages = {675-680},
Year = {1998},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0959-437X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-437x(98)80036-1},
Abstract = {Although genes have specific phenotypic consequences in a
given species, this functional relationship can clearly
change during the course of evolution. Many cases of
evolutionary dissociations between homologous genes and
homologous morphological features are now known. These
dissociations have interesting and important implications
for understanding the genetic basis for evolutionary change
in morphology.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0959-437x(98)80036-1},
Key = {fds231513}
}
@article{fds231511,
Author = {Lowe, CJ and Wray, GA},
Title = {Erratum: Radical alterations in the roles of homeobox genes
during echinoderm evolution (Nature (1997) 389
(718-721))},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {392},
Number = {6671},
Pages = {105},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1998},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/32217},
Doi = {10.1038/32217},
Key = {fds231511}
}
@article{fds231514,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {Promoter logic.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {279},
Number = {5358},
Pages = {1871-1872},
Year = {1998},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.279.5358.1871},
Doi = {10.1126/science.279.5358.1871},
Key = {fds231514}
}
@article{fds231510,
Author = {Passini, MA and Kurtzman, AL and Canger, AK and Asch, WS and Wray, GA and Raymond, PA and Schechter, N},
Title = {Cloning of zebrafish vsx1: expression of a paired-like
homeobox gene during CNS development.},
Journal = {Developmental genetics},
Volume = {23},
Number = {2},
Pages = {128-141},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0192-253X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6408(1998)23:2<128::aid-dvg5>3.0.co;2-8},
Abstract = {vsx1 is a homeobox gene encoding a paired-type homeodomain
and a CVC domain that was originally cloned from an adult
goldfish retinal library. We previously reported the
spatiotemporal expression pattern of vsx1 in the adult and
developing retina of zebrafish and goldfish, and we
suggested that vsx1 plays a role in determining the cell
fate and maintenance of retinal interneurons. Other related
genes encoding a CVC domain, such as vsx2 (alx) and chx10,
are expressed both within and outside the retina during
development. In this study, we report the cloning of
zebrafish vsx1 and its developmental expression in both
retinal and nonretinal regions of the CNS in zebrafish
embryos. vsx1 expression was detected in a subset of
hindbrain and spinal cord neurons before it was expressed in
the retina. At about the same time that retinal expression
began, the level of vsx1 was decreased in the spinal cord.
The expression of vsx1 was progressively restricted, and
eventually it was detected only in the inner nuclear layer
(INL) of the developing retina. The combined expression
patterns of teleost vsx1 and vsx2 (alx) during early
zebrafish development encompasses the expression pattern
observed for murine Chx10, and indicates a partitioning of
function for CVC genes in lower vertebrates.},
Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1520-6408(1998)23:2<128::aid-dvg5>3.0.co;2-8},
Key = {fds231510}
}
@article{fds231487,
Author = {Abouheif, E and Akam, M and Dickinson, WJ and Holland, PW and Meyer, A and Patel, NH and Raff, RA and Roth, VL and Wray, GA},
Title = {Homology and developmental genes.},
Journal = {Trends in genetics : TIG},
Volume = {13},
Number = {11},
Pages = {432-433},
Year = {1997},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0168-9525},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1997YF59200006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1016/s0168-9525(97)01271-7},
Key = {fds231487}
}
@article{fds231506,
Author = {Lowe, CJ and Wray, GA},
Title = {Radical alterations in the roles of homeobox genes during
echinoderm evolution.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {389},
Number = {6652},
Pages = {718-721},
Year = {1997},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/39580},
Abstract = {Echinoderms possess one of the most highly derived body
architectures of all metazoan phyla, with radial symmetry, a
calcitic endoskeleton, and a water vascular system. How
these dramatic morphological changes evolved has been the
subject of extensive speculation and debate, but remains
unresolved. Because echinoderms are closely related to
chordates and postdate the protostome/deuterostome
divergence, they must have evolved from bilaterally
symmetrical ancestors. Here we report the expression domains
in echinoderms of three important developmental regulatory
genes (distal-less, engrailed and orthodenticle), all of
which encode transcription factors that contain a
homeodomain. Our findings show that the reorganization of
body architecture involved extensive changes in the
deployment and roles of homeobox genes. These changes
include modifications in the symmetry of expression domains
and the evolution of several new developmental roles, as
well as the loss of roles conserved between arthropods and
chordates. Some of these modifications seem to have evolved
very early in the history of echinoderms, whereas others
probably evolved during the subsequent diversification of
adult and larval morphology. These results demonstrate the
evolutionary lability of regulatory genes that are widely
viewed as conservative.},
Doi = {10.1038/39580},
Key = {fds231506}
}
@article{fds231509,
Author = {Benink, H and Wray, G and Hardin, J},
Title = {Archenteron precursor cells can organize secondary axial
structures in the sea urchin embryo.},
Journal = {Development (Cambridge, England)},
Volume = {124},
Number = {18},
Pages = {3461-3470},
Year = {1997},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0950-1991},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.124.18.3461},
Abstract = {Local cell-cell signals play a crucial role in establishing
major tissue territories in early embryos. The sea urchin
embryo is a useful model system for studying these
interactions in deuterostomes. Previous studies showed that
ectopically implanted micromeres from the 16-cell embryo can
induce ectopic guts and additional skeletal elements in sea
urchin embryos. Using a chimeric embryo approach, we show
that implanted archenteron precursors differentiate
autonomously to produce a correctly proportioned and
patterned gut. In addition, the ectopically implanted
presumptive archenteron tissue induces ectopic skeletal
patterning sites within the ectoderm. The ectopic skeletal
elements are bilaterally symmetric, and flank the ectopic
archenteron, in some cases resulting in mirror-image,
symmetric skeletal elements. Since the induced patterned
ectoderm and supernumerary skeletal elements are derived
from the host, the ectopic presumptive archenteron tissue
can act to 'organize' ectopic axial structures in the sea
urchin embryo.},
Doi = {10.1242/dev.124.18.3461},
Key = {fds231509}
}
@article{fds231508,
Author = {Panganiban, G and Irvine, SM and Lowe, C and Roehl, H and Corley, LS and Sherbon, B and Grenier, JK and Fallon, JF and Kimble, J and Walker, M and Wray, GA and Swalla, BJ and Martindale, MQ and Carroll,
SB},
Title = {The origin and evolution of animal appendages.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {94},
Number = {10},
Pages = {5162-5166},
Year = {1997},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.10.5162},
Abstract = {Animals have evolved diverse appendages adapted for
locomotion, feeding and other functions. The genetics
underlying appendage formation are best understood in
insects and vertebrates. The expression of the Distal-less
(Dll) homeoprotein during arthropod limb outgrowth and of
Dll orthologs (Dlx) in fish fin and tetrapod limb buds led
us to examine whether expression of this regulatory gene may
be a general feature of appendage formation in protostomes
and deuterostomes. We find that Dll is expressed along the
proximodistal axis of developing polychaete annelid
parapodia, onychophoran lobopodia, ascidian ampullae, and
even echinoderm tube feet. Dll/Dlx expression in such
diverse appendages in these six coelomate phyla could be
convergent, but this would have required the independent
co-option of Dll/Dlx several times in evolution. It appears
more likely that ectodermal Dll/Dlx expression along
proximodistal axes originated once in a common ancestor and
has been used subsequently to pattern body wall outgrowths
in a variety of organisms. We suggest that this pre-Cambrian
ancestor of most protostomes and the deuterostomes possessed
elements of the genetic machinery for and may have even
borne appendages.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.94.10.5162},
Key = {fds231508}
}
@article{fds231507,
Author = {Craig, SF and Slobodkin, LB and Wray, GA and Biermann,
CH},
Title = {The 'paradox' of polyembryony: A review of the cases and a
hypothesis for its evolution},
Journal = {Evolutionary Ecology},
Volume = {11},
Number = {2},
Pages = {127-143},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018443714917},
Abstract = {Animal polyembryony appears to be paradoxical because it
clones an unproven genotype at the expense of genetic
diversity in a clutch. However, it is employed by at least
18 taxa in six phyla (excluding instances of occasional
twinning). Most polyembryony occurs in parasitic stages or
in other environments whose quality is not predictable by
the mother; in some instances, it compensates for a
constraint on zygote number. We predict that polyembryony is
likely to evolve when the offspring has more information
regarding optimal clutch size than the parents.},
Doi = {10.1023/A:1018443714917},
Key = {fds231507}
}
@article{fds231504,
Author = {Wray, GA and Levinton, JS and Shapiro, LH},
Title = {Molecular evidence for deep Precambrian divergences among
metazoan phyla},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {274},
Number = {5287},
Pages = {568-581},
Publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science
(AAAS)},
Year = {1996},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5287.568},
Abstract = {A literal reading of the fossil record suggests that the
animal phyla diverged in an 'explosion' near the beginning
of the Cambrian period. Calibrated rates of molecular
sequence divergence were used to test this hypothesis. Seven
independent data sets suggest that invertebrates diverged
from chordates about a billion years ago, about twice as
long ago as the Cambrian. Protostomes apparently diverged
from chordates well before echinoderms, which suggests a
prolonged radiation of animal phyla. These conclusions apply
specifically to divergence times among phyla; the
morphological features that characterize modern animal body
plans, such as skeletons and coelams, may have evolved
later.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.274.5287.568},
Key = {fds231504}
}
@article{fds231505,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {Parallel evolution of nonfeeding larvae in
echinoids},
Journal = {Systematic Biology},
Volume = {45},
Number = {3},
Pages = {308-322},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {1996},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/45.3.308},
Abstract = {The switch from feeding to nonfeeding larvae is an
ecologically important transformation that has evolved on
several separate occasions within the echinoids. In each
case, this life history transformation has been accompanied
by extensive changes in larval morphology. A phylogenetic
approach is used here to reconstruct these morphological
changes, to begin asking why they have taken the particular
forms observed, and to assess the degree of parallel
transformation in separate cases. Both traditional character
mapping and a less usual aggregate analysis indicate
massively parallel transformations in larval morphology
associated with, and only with, this particular life history
transformation. Some of these parallel morphological
transformations may be due to relaxed functional constraints
associated with the ancestral life history mode, but many
are probably the result of new functional constraints
associated with the derived mode. The comparative data
suggest a simple and testable model for the switch from
feeding to nonfeeding larvae involving three sequential
steps.},
Doi = {10.1093/sysbio/45.3.308},
Key = {fds231505}
}
@article{fds231501,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {Punctuated evolution of embryos},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {267},
Number = {5201},
Pages = {1115-1116},
Publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science
(AAAS)},
Year = {1995},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.267.5201.1115},
Doi = {10.1126/science.267.5201.1115},
Key = {fds231501}
}
@article{fds231502,
Author = {Smith, AB and Littlewood, DTJ and Wray, GA},
Title = {Comparing patterns of evolution: larval and adult life
history stages and ribosomal RNA of post-Palaeozoic
echinoids},
Journal = {Philosophical Transactions - Royal Society of London,
B},
Volume = {349},
Number = {1327},
Pages = {11-18},
Publisher = {The Royal Society},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1995.0085},
Abstract = {A total-evidence approach to the phylogeny of 29 extant
echinoids has been taken, combined data from larval
morphology, adult morphology, small subunit rRNA complete
gene sequence and large subunit rRNA partial gene sequence:
a total of 176 morphological and 121 molecular
phylogenetically informative characters. Also included are
13 extinct taxa for which only adult morphology is known.
Patterns of morphological evolution of larval and adult
stages were compared by optimizing character sets onto the
total evidence tree and assigning each character
transformation to a branch. It is demonstrated that larval
and adult morphological evolution has proceeded in a
mosaic-like fashion over the last 250 Ma. -from
Authors},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.1995.0085},
Key = {fds231502}
}
@article{fds231503,
Author = {Craig, SF and Slobodkin, LB and Wray, G},
Title = {The 'paradox' of polyembryony},
Journal = {Trends in Ecology & Evolution},
Volume = {10},
Number = {9},
Pages = {371-372},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0169-5347},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(00)89138-7},
Doi = {10.1016/S0169-5347(00)89138-7},
Key = {fds231503}
}
@article{fds231499,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {The evolution of cell lineage in echinoderms},
Journal = {Integrative and Comparative Biology},
Volume = {34},
Number = {3},
Pages = {353-363},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {1994},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1540-7063},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/34.3.353},
Abstract = {SYNOPSIS. Metazoan embryos in various phyla and classes
often utilize quite different processes to specify cell
fates during embryogenesis. These differences have been
interpreted either as constraints, necessary for fabricating
distinct adult body plans, or as adaptations for particular
life history strategies. This paper analyzes the evolution
of echinoderm cell lineage within a phylogenetic context as
a means of testing these hypotheses. Several features of
echinoderm cell lineage are probably over 550 million years
old, and have persisted despite extensive transformations in
adult morphology. Other features are much more variable
evolutionarily, and have changed on many separate occasions.
Importantly, even some of the most ancient and conservative
features of echinoderm cell lineage can still evolve. These
transformations are correlated with a particular life
history transformation, the switch from feeding to
nonfeeding larvae. The results suggest that adaptation has
played a significant role in the evolution of cell lineage
in echinoderms: some ancient features have been maintained
for functional reasons rather than because of constraints,
and some derived features have evolved in response to
particular environmental challenges. ©1994 by the American
Society of Zoologists.},
Doi = {10.1093/icb/34.3.353},
Key = {fds231499}
}
@article{fds231497,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {Developmental evolution: new paradigms and
paradoxes.},
Journal = {Developmental genetics},
Volume = {15},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-6},
Year = {1994},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020150102},
Doi = {10.1002/dvg.1020150102},
Key = {fds231497}
}
@article{fds231498,
Author = {Wray, GA and Bely, AE},
Title = {The evolution of echinoderm development is driven by several
distinct factors.},
Journal = {Development (Cambridge, England). Supplement},
Volume = {120},
Number = {SUPPL.},
Pages = {97-106},
Year = {1994},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {We analyzed a comparative data base of gene expression, cell
fate specification, and morphogenetic movements from several
echinoderms to determine why developmental processes do and
do not evolve. Mapping this comparative data onto explicit
phylogenetic frameworks revealed three distinct evolutionary
patterns. First, some evolutionary differences in
development correlate well with larval ecology but not with
adult morphology. These associations are probably not
coincidental because similar developmental changes accompany
similar ecological transformations on separate occasions.
This suggests that larval ecology has been a potent
influence on the evolution of early development in
echinoderms. Second, a few changes in early development
correlate with transformations in adult morphology. Because
most such changes have occurred only once, however, it is
difficult to distinguish chance associations from causal
relationships. And third, some changes in development have
no apparent phenotypic consequences and do not correlate
with obvious features of either life history or morphology.
This suggests that some evolutionary changes in development
may evolve in a neutral or nearly neutral mode. Importantly,
these hypotheses make specific predictions that can be
tested with further comparative data and by experimental
manipulations. Together, our phylogenetic analyses of
comparative data suggest that at least three distinct
evolutionary mechanisms have shaped early development in
echinoderms.},
Key = {fds231498}
}
@article{fds231500,
Author = {Wray, GA and Bely, AE},
Title = {The evolution of echinoderm development is driven by several
distinct factors},
Journal = {Development},
Volume = {120},
Number = {SUPPL.},
Pages = {97-106},
Year = {1994},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {We analyzed a comparative data base of gene expression, cell
fate specification, and morphogenetic movements from several
echinoderms to determine why developmental processes do and
do not evolve. Mapping this comparative data onto explicit
phylogenetic frameworks revealed three distinct evolutionary
patterns. First, some evolutionary differences in
development correlate well with larval ecology but not with
adult morphology. These associations are probably not
coincidental because similar developmental changes accompany
similar ecological transformations on separate occasions.
This suggests that larval ecology has been a potent
influence on the evolution of early development in
echinoderms. Second, a few changes in early development
correlate with transformations in adult morphology. Because
most such changes have occurred only once, however, it is
difficult to distinguish chance associations from causal
relationships. And third, some changes in development have
no apparent phenotypic consequences and do not correlate
with obvious features of either life history or morphology.
This suggests that some evolutionary changes in development
may evolve in a neutral or nearly neutral mode. Importantly,
these hypotheses make specific predictions that can be
tested with further comparative data and by experimental
manipulations. Together, our phylogenetic analyses of
comparative data suggest that at least three distinct
evolutionary mechanisms have shaped early development in
echinoderms.},
Key = {fds231500}
}
@article{fds231496,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {Rates of evolution in developmental processes},
Journal = {Integrative and Comparative Biology},
Volume = {32},
Number = {1},
Pages = {123-134},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {1992},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1540-7063},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/32.1.123},
Abstract = {The tempo and mode of morphological evolution are influenced
by several factors, among which evolutionary transformations
in developmental processes are likely to be important.
Comparing the embryos of extant species in an explicit
phylogenetic fram work allows the estimation of minimum
average rates of evolution in quantitative developmental
parameters. It also allows delineation of the maximum time
that complex qualitative transformations in developmental
mechanism take to evolve. This paper analyzes rates of
quantitative and qualitative developmental evolution using
examples drawn primarily from echinoderms. The results
demonstrate that rates of developmental evolution can be
comparable to rates of morphological evolution. There is no
indication that rates of evolution in development are lower
for earlier stages, contrary to the prediction of "tree"
models of epigenetic interactions. In particular, rates of
evolution in oogenesis can exceed rates of evolution in
adult body size. Rates of developmental evolution can vary
by up to two orders of magnitude within a clade. Whether
such large scale variation in evolutionary rates of
developmental processes is a general phenomenon can only be
answered by further study. © 1992 by the American Society
of Zoologists.},
Doi = {10.1093/icb/32.1.123},
Key = {fds231496}
}
@article{fds231494,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {The evolution of larval morphology during the post-Paleozoic
radiation of echinoids},
Journal = {Paleobiology},
Volume = {18},
Number = {3},
Pages = {258-287},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {1992},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0094837300010848},
Abstract = {.—The post-Paleozoic radiation of echinoids entailed a
rapid diversification not only of adult morphology, but also
of larval morphology. The timing, order, and phylogenetic
distribution of evolutionary transformations in
echinopluteus larvae are reconstructed here under maximum
parsimony assumptions from a large neontological data base.
Many echinoid larval apomorphies apparently evolved within
the Paleozoic stem lineage and were subsequently retained
during much of the crown-group radiation. This suite of
apomorphies includes most (and perhaps all) of the skeletal
elements and some features of soft anatomy such as vibratile
lobes. Other features apparently arose or were modified
during the post-Paleozoic radiation. These include skeletal
features such as arm-rod structure and length, and soft
structures such as epaulettes and skeletal muscles.
Transformational hypotheses of this kind can be supported or
rejected with further neontological data, and many can
potentially be tested from fossil evidence. Many
post-Paleozoic transformations in echinopluteus structure
may be adaptive. For example, increases in arm length and
flattening of arm ectoderm may increase feeding rate and
efficiency, and both types of transformation have occurred
several times within the crown group. Relational hypotheses
of this nature can be tested through comparative functional
studies in extant echinoplutei. Parallel evolutionary losses
of feeding in echinoplutei are accompanied by loss or
modification of characteristic structures. This suggests
that developmental constraints do not fully explain the
conservation of these structures in plank-totrophic
echinoplutei. Comparisons of larval and adult morphology
over congruent time intervals demonstrate that the origin of
many orders was accompanied by a suite of synapomorphies in
larval morphology that was subsequently conserved. Many
details of echinopluteus morphology are therefore of
taxonomic significance. Intraordinal patterns of larval
diversity, however, vary considerably. That larval
morphology has diversified independently of adult morphology
indicates that mosaic evolution has occurred within the life
cycle and suggests that echinoid larvae and adults can and
do respond to selection independently. Taken together, these
findings underscore the complex ways in which complex life
cycles can evolve. © 1992, Paleontological Society. All
rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0094837300010848},
Key = {fds231494}
}
@article{fds318051,
Author = {Wray, GA},
Title = {Rates of evolution in developmental processes},
Journal = {American Zoologist},
Volume = {32},
Number = {1},
Pages = {123-134},
Year = {1992},
Abstract = {The tempo and mode of morphological evolution are influenced
by several factors, among which evolutionary transformations
in developmental processes are likely to be important.
Comparing the embryos of extant species in an explicit
phylogenetic framework allows estimation of minimum average
rates of evolution in quantitative developmental parameters.
It also allows delineation of the maximum time that complex
qualitative trnasformations in developmental mechanism take
to evolve. This paper analyzes rates of quantitative and
qualitative developmental evolution using examples drawn
primarily form echinoderms. Rates of developmental evolution
can be comparable to rates of morphological evolution. There
is no indication that rates of evolution in development are
lower for earlier stages. In particular, rates of evolution
in oogenesis can exceed rates of evolution in adult body
size. Rates of developmental evolution can vary by up to two
orders of magnitude within a clade. -from
Author},
Key = {fds318051}
}
@article{fds231492,
Author = {Wray, GA and Raff, RA},
Title = {The evolution of developmental strategy in marine
invertebrates},
Journal = {Trends in Ecology and Evolution},
Volume = {6},
Number = {2},
Pages = {45-50},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(91)90121-D},
Abstract = {Developmental mode varies widely in most animal phyla. These
differences in developmental strategy exert a profound
influence on the ecology and evolution of closely related
species. The mechanistic alterations in ontogeny that lead
to switches in developmental mode are coming under
increasing scrutiny. Echinoids are one of the
best-understood groups in this regard. Parallel
modifications in direct-developing echinoids point to some
of the key changes in oogenesis and embryogenesis that
produce switches in developmental mode. ©
1991.},
Doi = {10.1016/0169-5347(91)90121-D},
Key = {fds231492}
}
@article{fds322332,
Author = {Henry, JJ and Wray, GA and Raff, RA},
Title = {Mechanism of an Alternate Type of Echinoderm Blastula
Formation: The Wrinkled Blastula of the Sea Urchin
Heliocidaris erythrogramma direct development/echinoderm
development/morphogenesis/sea urchin embryos/wrinkled
blastula},
Journal = {Development, Growth & Differentiation},
Volume = {33},
Number = {4},
Pages = {317-328},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-169X.1991.00317.x},
Abstract = {While most indirect‐developing echinoderms (possessing a
feeding larval stage) form a hollow, smooth‐walled
blastula, most direct‐developing species form a wrinkled
blastula. The process of wrinkled blastula formation was
examined in the direct‐developing sea urchin, Heliocidaris
erythrogramma. Approximately 5 hrs after fertilization the
blastula epithelium contains folds along one, two or three
orthogonal planes, which superficially appear like 2‐,
4‐ or 8‐cell stages, respectively. Microinjection of
fluorescent dye into individual blastomeres of 2‐, 4‐
and 8‐cell embryos revealed that the wrinkles correspond
with the first, second and third cleavage planes. Two
factors appear to generate the wrinkled blastula epithelium.
First, blastomeres undergo a partial separation along the
first, second and third cleavage planes during early
cleavage. Subsequent cell divisions are oriented such that
the blastula epithelium is constructed with deep creases
along these planes of cell separation. Second, there is no
room for the expansion of the developing blastoderm within
the tightly fitting fertilization envelope. Prior to
hatching from the fertilization envelope, wrinkles in the
blastula epithelium disappear, due to an increased packing
and elongation of the cells. In addition, a substantial
volume of cellular material is removed as lipids are
secreted into the blastocoel in an apocrine fashion.
Copyright © 1991, Wiley Blackwell. All rights
reserved},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1440-169X.1991.00317.x},
Key = {fds322332}
}
@article{fds231493,
Author = {Hernry, JJ and Wray, GA and Raff, RA},
Title = {Mechanism of an alternate type of echinoderm blastula
formation: The wrinkled blastula of the sea urchin
Heliocidaris erythrogramma},
Journal = {Development Growth and Differentiation},
Volume = {33},
Number = {4},
Pages = {317-328},
Year = {1991},
ISSN = {0012-1592},
Key = {fds231493}
}
@article{fds231550,
Author = {Henry, JJ and Wray, GA and Raff, RA},
Title = {The dorsoventral axis is specified prior to first cleavage
in the direct developing sea urchin Heliocidaris
erythrogramma.},
Journal = {Development (Cambridge, England)},
Volume = {110},
Number = {3},
Pages = {875-884},
Year = {1990},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0950-1991},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.110.3.875},
Abstract = {Previous fate mapping studies as well as the culture of
isolated blastomeres have revealed that the dorsoventral
axis is specified as early as the 2-cell stage in the
embryos of the direct developing echinoid, Heliocidaris
erythrogramma. Normally, the first cleavage plane includes
the animal-vegetal axis and bisects the embryo between
future dorsal and ventral halves. Experiments were performed
to establish whether the dorsoventral axis is set up prior
to the first cleavage division in H. erythrogramma. Eggs
were elongated and fertilized in silicone tubes of a small
diameter in order to orient the cleavage spindle and thus
the first plane of cell division. Following first cleavage,
one of the two resulting blastomeres was then microinjected
with a fluorescent cell lineage tracer dye. Fate maps were
made after culturing these embryos to larval stages. The
results indicate that the first cleavage division can be
made to occur at virtually any angle relative to the
animal-vegetal and dorsoventral axes. Therefore, the
dorsoventral axis is specified prior to first cleavage. We
argue that this axis resides in the unfertilized oocyte
rather than being set up as a consequence of
fertilization.},
Doi = {10.1242/dev.110.3.875},
Key = {fds231550}
}
@article{fds231491,
Author = {Wray, GA and Raff, RA},
Title = {Novel origins of lineage founder cells in the
direct-developing sea urchin Heliocidaris
erythrogramma.},
Journal = {Developmental biology},
Volume = {141},
Number = {1},
Pages = {41-54},
Year = {1990},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0012-1606},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-1606(90)90100-w},
Abstract = {The lineage and fate of each blastomere in the 32-cell
embryo of the direct-developing sea urchin Heliocidaris
erythrogramma have been traced by microinjection of
tetramethylrhodamine-dextran. The results reveal substantive
evolutionary modifications of the ancestral cell lineage
pattern of indirect sea urchin development. Significant
among these modifications are changes in the time and order
of cell lineage segregation: vegetal ectodermal founder
cells consistently arise earlier than during indirect
development, while internal founder cells generally
segregate later and in a different sequence. Modifications
have also arisen in proportions of the embryo fated to
become various cell types and larval structures. Ectodermal
fates, particularly vestibular ectoderm, comprise a greater
proportion of the total cellular volume in H. erythrogramma.
Among internal cell types, coelom consumes more and endoderm
less of the remaining cellular volume than during indirect
sea urchin development. Evolutionary modifications are also
apparent in the positional origin of larval cell types and
structures in H. erythrogramma. These include an apparent
tilt in the axis of prospective cell fate relative to the
animal-vegetal axis as defined by cleavage planes. Together
these evolutionary changes in the cell lineage of H.
erythrogramma produce an accelerated loss of dorsoventral
symmetry in cell fate relative to indirect development. The
extent and diversity of rearrangements in its cell lineage
indicate that the non-feeding larva of H. erythrogramma is a
highly modified, novel form rather than a degenerate pluteus
larva. These same modifications underscore the
evolutionarily flexible relationship between cell lineage,
gene expression, and larval morphology in sea urchin
development.},
Doi = {10.1016/0012-1606(90)90100-w},
Key = {fds231491}
}
@article{fds231551,
Author = {Scott, LB and Lennarz, WJ and Raff, RA and Wray, GA},
Title = {The "lecithotrophic" sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma
lacks typical yolk platelets and yolk glycoproteins.},
Journal = {Developmental biology},
Volume = {138},
Number = {1},
Pages = {188-193},
Year = {1990},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0012-1606},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-1606(90)90188-o},
Abstract = {The sea urchin Heliocidaris tuberculata undergoes typical
development, forming an echinoid pluteus larva, whereas H.
erythrogramma undergoes direct development via a highly
modified, nonfeeding larva. Using a polyclonal antibody
prepared against yolk glycoproteins from the typical
developer Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus, we found that H.
tuberculata contains cross-reactive proteins in abundance,
but H. erythrogramma does not. In addition, we used
immunoelectron microscopy to demonstrate that unfertilized
eggs of H. tuberculata contain yolk platelets, but those of
H. erythrogramma do not.},
Doi = {10.1016/0012-1606(90)90188-o},
Key = {fds231551}
}
@article{fds231542,
Author = {NIJHOUT, HF and WRAY, GA and GILBERT, LE},
Title = {An analysis of the phenotypic effects of certain colour
pattern genes in Heliconius (Lepidoptera:
Nymphalidae)},
Journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society},
Volume = {40},
Number = {4},
Pages = {357-372},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {1990},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0024-4066},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1990.tb00545.x},
Abstract = {The colour patterns of Heliconius butterflies are built up
from an array of serially homologous pattern elements known
as the nymphalid groundplan. An analysis of the phenotypic
effects of ten genetic loci from H. melpomene and H. cydno
reveals that each alters the expression either of a single
element of the groundplan or of an entire row of serially
homologous elements. Five of the ten loci affect the size
(or presence/absence) of specific pattern elements, two
affect the colour in which a pattern element is expressed,
two affect pattern‐inducing activity of the wing veins,
and one appears to affect an overall threshold for pattern
determination. Three of the ten loci have identical effects
on homologues of the fore‐ and hindwing. We show that most
of the apparently large and qualitative phenotypic effects
of these genes can be readily explained by relatively small
and quantitative changes in the dimensions or positions of
specific pattern elements. Copyright © 1990, Wiley
Blackwell. All rights reserved},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1095-8312.1990.tb00545.x},
Key = {fds231542}
}
@article{fds231552,
Author = {Raff, RA and Parr, BA and Parks, AL and Wray, GA},
Title = {Heterochrony and other mechanisms of radical evolutionary
change in early development},
Journal = {Evolutionary innovations},
Pages = {71-98},
Year = {1990},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {Examines the view that developmental processes which happen
together or sequentially in time are not necessarily tightly
coupled mechanistically and may be shifted relative to each
other in evolution without disrupting development.
Heterochrony is the most familiar kind of dissociation in
which relative timing of two developmental processes
undergoes an evolutionary shift. -from Authors},
Key = {fds231552}
}
@article{fds231547,
Author = {Henry, JJ and Amemiya, S and Wray, GA and Raff, RA},
Title = {Early inductive interactions are involved in restricting
cell fates of mesomeres in sea urchin embryos.},
Journal = {Developmental biology},
Volume = {136},
Number = {1},
Pages = {140-153},
Year = {1989},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0012-1606},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-1606(89)90137-1},
Abstract = {Isolated intact caps of animal blastomeres, obtained from
either 8- or 16-cell embryos, differentiate as swollen
ectodermal vesicles. These findings agree with earlier
studies demonstrating that mesomeres contribute only to
larval ectoderm during normal development. In contrast, we
find that pairs of mesomeres isolated from 16-cell embryos
can differentiate endodermal and mesenchymal cells in a
substantial number of cases (23%). Thus, mesomeres have a
greater developmental potential than is realized during
normal development. Further results support hypotheses that
graded distributions of morphogenetic determinants exist
within these embryos, since the extent of differentiation of
isolated mesomeres is related to the relative position of
the third cleavage plane along the animal-vegetal axis. When
the third cleavage plane is subequatorial and the resulting
animal blastomeres inherit a fraction of the vegetal
hemisphere, more cases (39%) differentiate endodermal and
mesenchymal cell types. A significant number of mesomere
pairs (9-14%), however, can still differentiate endodermal
and mesenchymal cells when the mesomeres are formed within
the animal hemisphere. Thus, putative vegetal morphogenetic
determinants may extend into the animal hemisphere in some
cases. Further results indicate a temporal restriction in
the developmental potential of mesomeres or mesomere
progenitor cells since their differentiative capability is
greater if they are isolated earlier during development.
Aggregates of isolated mesomere pairs also display a
decreased developmental potential when compared to isolated
mesomere pairs. These results suggest that associations with
adjacent cells (vegetal cells as well as adjacent mesomeres)
restrict the development of mesomeres between third and
sixth cleavages.},
Doi = {10.1016/0012-1606(89)90137-1},
Key = {fds231547}
}
@article{fds231549,
Author = {Wray, GA and Raff, RA},
Title = {Evolutionary modification of cell lineage in the
direct-developing sea urchin Heliocidaris
erythrogramma.},
Journal = {Developmental biology},
Volume = {132},
Number = {2},
Pages = {458-470},
Year = {1989},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0012-1606},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-1606(89)90242-x},
Abstract = {The sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma undergoes direct
development, bypassing the usual echinoid pluteus larva. We
present an analysis of cell lineage in H. erythrogramma as
part of a definition of the mechanistic basis for this
evolutionary change in developmental mode. Microinjection of
fluoresceinated tracer dye and surface marking with vital
dye are used to follow larval fates of 2-cell, 8-cell, and
16-cell blastomeres, and to examine axial specification. The
animal-vegetal axis and adult dorsoventral axis are
basically unmodified in H. erythrogramma. Animal cell fates
are very similar to those of typically developing species;
however, vegetal cell fates in H. erythrogramma are
substantially altered. Radial differences exist among
vegetal blastomere fates in the 8-cell embryo: dorsal
vegetal blastomeres contribute proportionately more
descendants to ectodermal and fewer to mesodermal fates,
while ventral vegetal blastomeres have a complementary bias
in fates. In addition, vegetal cell fates are more variable
than in typical developers. There are no cells in H.
erythrogramma with fates comparable to those of the
micromeres and macromeres of typically developing echinoids.
Instead, all vegetal cells in the 16-cell embryo can
contribute progeny to ectoderm and gut. Alterations have
thus arisen in cleavage patterns and timing of cell lineage
partitioning during the evolution of direct development in
H. erythrogramma.},
Doi = {10.1016/0012-1606(89)90242-x},
Key = {fds231549}
}
@article{fds231548,
Author = {Raff, RA and Wray, GA},
Title = {Heterochrony: Developmental mechanisms and evolutionary
results},
Journal = {Journal of Evolutionary Biology},
Volume = {2},
Number = {6},
Pages = {409-434},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1989},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1010-061X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1420-9101.1989.2060409.x},
Abstract = {The concept of heterochrony, that the relative timing of
ontogenetic events can shift during evolution, has been a
major paradigm for understanding the role of developmental
processes in evolution. In this paper we consider
heterochrony from the perspective of developmental biology.
Our objective is to redefine heterochrony more broadly so
that the concept becomes readily applicable to the evolution
of the full range of ontogenetic processes, from
embryogenesis through the adult. Throughout, we stress the
importance of considering heterochrony from a hierarchical
perspective. Thus, we recognize that a heterochronic change
at one level of organization may be the result of
non‐heterochronic events at an underlying level. As such,
heterochrony must be studied using a combination of genetic,
molecular, cellular, and morphological approaches. Copyright
© 1989, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1420-9101.1989.2060409.x},
Key = {fds231548}
}
@article{fds231490,
Author = {WRAY, GA and MCCLAY, DR},
Title = {MOLECULAR HETEROCHRONIES AND HETEROTOPIES IN EARLY ECHINOID
DEVELOPMENT},
Journal = {EVOLUTION},
Volume = {43},
Number = {4},
Pages = {803-813},
Publisher = {JSTOR},
Year = {1989},
ISSN = {0014-3820},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1989AD55300008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {By comparing the spatial and temporal distribution of three
proteins during early development in seven echinoid species,
we demonstrate that both heterochronies and heterotopies in
gene-product expression have accompanied the radiation of
post-Paleozoic echinoids. All three proteins examined showed
significant alterations in time of expression, site of
expression, or both. These molecular heterochronies and
heterotopies indicate that early development is not
necessarily as evolutionarily conservative as morphology of
embryos alone would suggest. Evolutionary alterations in
early development may be more common than is generally
assumed.},
Doi = {10.2307/2409308},
Key = {fds231490}
}
@article{fds231544,
Author = {Wray, GA and McClay, DR},
Title = {The origin of spicule-forming cells in a 'primitive' sea
urchin (Eucidaris tribuloides) which appears to lack primary
mesenchyme cells.},
Journal = {Development (Cambridge, England)},
Volume = {103},
Number = {2},
Pages = {305-315},
Year = {1988},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0950-1991},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3066611},
Abstract = {The calcareous larval skeleton of euechinoid sea urchins is
synthesized by primary mesenchyme cells which ingress prior
to gastrulation. In embryos of the cidaroid sea urchin
Eucidaris tribuloides, no mesenchyme cells ingress before
gastrulation, yet larvae later contain skeletons. This
apparent paradox is resolved by immunochemical, cell lineage
and morphological evidence showing that spicule-forming
cells of Eucidaris are homologous to primary mesenchyme
cells of euechinoids. In particular, these two cell types
share expression of two cell lineage-specific gene products,
are derived from the same cellular precursors, the
micromeres, and undergo a similar migratory phase prior to
skeletogenesis. Despite these similarities, there are far
fewer spicule-forming cells in Eucidaris than in typical
euechinoids and they assume a different pattern during
spiculogenesis. The homology between Eucidaris
spicule-forming cells and euechinoid primary mesenchyme
cells indicates that a heterochrony in the time of
spicule-forming cell ingression has occurred since the
divergence of their respective lineages.},
Doi = {10.1242/dev.103.2.305},
Key = {fds231544}
}
@article{fds231554,
Author = {NIJHOUT, HF and WRAY, GA},
Title = {Homologies in the colour patterns of the genus Heliconius
(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)},
Journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society},
Volume = {33},
Number = {4},
Pages = {345-365},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {1988},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0024-4066},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1988.tb00449.x},
Abstract = {The colour patterns of Heliconius butterflies are composed
from a relatively simple set of pattern elements whose
homologues are recognizable throughout the genus. Although
Heliconius colour patterns look quite different from those
of most nymphalids, these pattern elements are seen to
derive from the generalized nymphalid groundplan. The
differences arise primarily from the loss or positional
shift of certain pattern elements, a high degree of fusion
between individual pattern elements, and, in the forewing,
asymmetries of the pattern elements relative to the
wing‐cell midline. The scheme of homologies we present is
consistent with what is currently known about the
comparative morphology and developmental physiology of
colour pattern formation in Lepidoptera, and provides a
framework for the interpretation of developmental,
evolutionary and genetic studies in Heliconius. Copyright ©
1988, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1095-8312.1988.tb00449.x},
Key = {fds231554}
}
@article{fds231489,
Author = {WRAY, GA and MCCLAY, DR},
Title = {THE EMBRYONIC MESENCHYME IN A PRIMITIVE SEA-URCHIN,
EUCIDARIS-TRIBULOIDES},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY},
Volume = {103},
Number = {5},
Pages = {A371-A371},
Publisher = {ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS},
Year = {1986},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0021-9525},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1986E958901378&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds231489}
}
@article{fds231488,
Author = {Frederik Nijhout and H and Wray, GA and Kremen, C and Teragawa,
CK},
Title = {Ontogeny, phylogeny and evolution of form: An algorithmic
approach},
Journal = {Systematic Zoology},
Volume = {35},
Number = {4},
Pages = {445-457},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {1986},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0039-7989},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1986F931900001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {A computer model that simulates general aspects of ontogeny
is presented as a heuristic device for studying the
relationship between ontogenetic changes and the evolution
of morphologies. The model consists of a set of
developmental rules limited to known cellular properties and
activities of gene products; it assumes development to be an
algorithmic and hierarchical process. Morphological patterns
are generated through the interactions of developmental
rules. Thus, by its very nature the model establishes
pleiotropies and complex characters. To represent mutations,
changes were introduced in the developmental rules.
Phylogenetic analysis of mutant forms showed that morphology
retained significant information about ancestry. Genetic
parallelisms, as a rule, did not result in morphological
parallelisms, because the effect of a given "genetic rule"
is context-dependent. Morphological parallelisms that did
arise were a consequence of different mutations that
affected certain populations of cells in related ways. ©
1986 Oxford University Press.},
Doi = {10.2307/2413108},
Key = {fds231488}
}
@article{fds231553,
Author = {Nijhout, HF and Wray, GA},
Title = {Homologies in the colour patterns of the genus Charaxes
(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)},
Journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society},
Volume = {28},
Number = {4},
Pages = {387-410},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {1986},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0024-4066},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1986.tb01766.x},
Abstract = {The phylogenetically and morphologically diverse patterns of
Charaxes can be reduced to a simple set of pattern elements
which can be homologized throughout the genus. At least five
types of correspondence (homologies) exist among pattern
elements: those between (1) species, (2) forewing and
hindwing, (3) dorsal and ventral wing surface, (4) serial
wing‐cells, and (5) individual pattern elements within a
single wing‐cell. Differences in Charaxes colour patterns
result from the distortion, elaboration, enlargement,
reduction or loss of individual pattern elements. Further
variation is often the result of dislocation of pattern
elements from their serial homologues in neighbouring
wing‐cells, and fusion of individual pattern elements to
create larger areas of colour. The type of analysis
presented in this paper should be broadly applicable within
the Lepidoptera and may prove useful in studying the
systematics of colour patterns and the evolution of the
developmental system that gives rise to them. Copyright ©
1986, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1095-8312.1986.tb01766.x},
Key = {fds231553}
}
%% Yapuncich, Gabriel
@article{fds367091,
Author = {Pampush, JD and Fuselier, EJ and Yapuncich, GS},
Title = {Using BayesModelS to provide Bayesian- and
phylogenetically-informed primate body mass
predictions.},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Volume = {161},
Pages = {103077},
Year = {2021},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103077},
Abstract = {An accurate prediction of the body mass of an extinct
species can greatly inform the reconstruction of that
species' ecology. Therefore, paleontologists frequently
predict the body mass of extinct taxa from fossilized
materials, particularly dental dimensions. Body mass
prediction has traditionally been performed in a frequentist
statistical framework, and accounting for phylogenetic
relationships while calibrating prediction models has only
recently become more commonplace. In this article, we apply
BayesModelS-a phylogenetically informed Bayesian prediction
method-to predict body mass in a sample of 49 euarchontan
species (24 strepsirrhines, 20 platyrrhines, 3 tarsiids, 1
dermopteran, and 1 scandentian) and compare this approach's
body mass prediction accuracy with other commonly used
techniques, namely ordinary least squares, phylogenetic
generalized least squares, and phylogenetic independent
contrasts (PICs). When predicting the body masses of extant
euarchontans from dental and postcranial variables,
BayesModelS and PICs have substantially higher predictive
accuracy than ordinary least squares and phylogenetic
generalized least squares. The improved performances of
BayesModelS and PIC are most evident for dentally derived
body mass proxies or when body mass proxies have high
degrees of phylogenetic covariance. Predicted values
generated by BayesModelS and PIC methods also show less
variance across body mass proxies when applied to the Eocene
adapiform Notharctus tenebrosus. These more explicitly
phylogenetically based methods should prove useful for
predicting body mass in a paleontological context, and we
provide executive scripts for both BayesModelS and PIC to
increase ease of application.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103077},
Key = {fds367091}
}
@article{fds356172,
Author = {Yapuncich, GS and Granatosky, MC},
Title = {Footloose: Articular surface morphology and joint movement
potential in the ankles of lorisids and cheirogaleids.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {175},
Number = {4},
Pages = {876-894},
Year = {2021},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24298},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The competing functional demands of diarthrodial
joints, permitting mobility while retaining enough stability
to transmit forces across the joint, have been linked with
the shape and size of the joint's articular surfaces. A
clear understanding of the relationship between joint
morphology and joint movement potential is important for
reconstructing locomotor behaviors in fossil taxa. METHODS:
In a sample of matched tali and calcanei of lorisids
(n = 28) and cheirogaleids (n = 38), we quantify the
surface areas of the talar and calcaneal ectal (=posterior
talocalcaneal) articular surfaces and model the principal
curvatures of these surfaces with quadric formulas. These
two taxonomic groups have similar body masses, but differ
substantially in positional behavior, so that differences in
joint surface morphology should reflect adaptive demands of
their locomotor behavior. RESULTS: Compared with
cheirogaleids, lorisids exhibit: (a) a significantly greater
area difference between their paired joint surfaces; and (b)
a more pronounced saddle shape for the talar ectal facet.
CONCLUSION: The increased subtalar joint mobility observed
in lorisids may be achieved by increasing the amount of
sliding and rolling that can occur at the subtalar joint.
The subtalar joint morphology observed in two fossil
euarchontans, the plesiadapiforms Purgatorius sp. and
Plesiadapis cookei, compares favorably with the morphology
observed among lorisids, potentially suggesting
antipronograde postures within these extinct
taxa.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.24298},
Key = {fds356172}
}
@article{fds348378,
Author = {Yapuncich, GS and Bowie, A and Belais, R and Churchill, SE and Walker,
CS},
Title = {Predicting body mass of bonobos (Pan paniscus) with
human-based morphometric equations.},
Journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {82},
Number = {2},
Pages = {e23088},
Year = {2020},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.23088},
Abstract = {A primate's body mass covaries with numerous ecological,
physiological, and behavioral characteristics. This
versatility and potential to provide insight into an
animal's life has made body mass prediction a frequent and
important objective in paleoanthropology. In hominin
paleontology, the most commonly employed body mass
prediction equations (BMPEs) are "mechanical" and
"morphometric": uni- or multivariate linear regressions
incorporating dimensions of load-bearing skeletal elements
and stature and living bi-iliac breadth as predictor
variables, respectively. The precision and accuracy of BMPEs
are contingent on multiple factors, however, one of the most
notable and pervasive potential sources of error is
extrapolation beyond the limits of the reference sample. In
this study, we use a test sample requiring extrapolation-56
bonobos (Pan paniscus) from the Lola ya Bonobo sanctuary in
Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo-to evaluate the
predictive accuracy of human-based morphometric BMPEs. We
first assess systemic differences in stature and bi-iliac
breadth between humans and bonobos. Due to significant
differences in the scaling relationships of body mass and
stature between bonobos and humans, we use panel regression
to generate a novel BMPE based on living bi-iliac breadth.
We then compare the predictive accuracy of two previously
published morphometric equations with the novel equation and
find that the novel equation predicts bonobo body mass most
accurately overall (41 of 56 bonobos predicted within 20% of
their observed body mass). The novel BMPE is particularly
accurate between 25 and 45 kg. Given differences in limb
proportions, pelvic morphology, and body tissue composition
between the human reference and bonobo test samples, we find
these results promising and evaluate the novel BMPE's
potential application to fossil hominins.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.23088},
Key = {fds348378}
}
@article{fds343708,
Author = {Walker, CS and Cofran, ZD and Grabowski, M and Marchi, D and Cook, RW and Churchill, SE and Tommy, KA and Throckmorton, Z and Ross, AH and Hawks,
J and Yapuncich, GS and Van Arsdale and AP and Rentzeperis, FI and Berger,
LR and DeSilva, JM},
Title = {Morphology of the Homo naledi femora from
Lesedi.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {170},
Number = {1},
Pages = {5-23},
Year = {2019},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23877},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The femoral remains recovered from the Lesedi
Chamber are among the most complete South African fossil
hominin femora discovered to date and offer new and valuable
insights into the anatomy and variation of the bone in Homo
naledi. While the femur is one of the best represented
postcranial elements in the H. naledi assemblage from the
Dinaledi Chamber, the fragmentary and commingled nature of
the Dinaledi femoral remains has impeded the assessment of
this element in its complete state. MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Here we analyze and provide descriptions of three new
relatively well-preserved femoral specimens of H. naledi
from the Lesedi Chamber: U.W. 102a-001, U.W. 102a-003, and
U.W. 102a-004. These femora are quantitatively and
qualitatively compared to multiple extinct hominin femoral
specimens, extant hominid taxa, and, where possible, each
other. RESULTS: The Lesedi femora are morphologically
similar to the Dinaledi femora for all overlapping regions,
with differences limited to few traits of presently unknown
significance. The Lesedi distal femur and mid-diaphysis
preserve anatomy previously unidentified or unconfirmed in
the species, including an anteroposteriorly expanded
midshaft and anteriorly expanded patellar surface. The
hypothesis that the Lesedi femoral sample may represent two
individuals is supported. DISCUSSION: The Lesedi femora
increase the range of variation of femoral morphology in H.
naledi. Newly described features of the diaphysis and distal
femur are either taxonomically uninformative or Homo-like.
Overall, these three new femora are consistent with previous
functional interpretations of the H. naledi lower limb as
belonging to a species adapted for long distance walking
and, possibly, running.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23877},
Key = {fds343708}
}
@article{fds345874,
Author = {Yapuncich, GS and Feng, HJ and Dunn, RH and Seiffert, ER and Boyer,
DM},
Title = {Vertical support use and primate origins.},
Journal = {Scientific Reports},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {12341},
Year = {2019},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48651-x},
Abstract = {Adaptive scenarios of crown primate origins remain
contentious due to uncertain order of acquisition and
functional significance of the clade's diagnostic traits. A
feature of the talus bone in the ankle, known as the
posterior trochlear shelf (PTS), is well-regarded as a
derived crown primate trait, but its adaptive significance
has been obscured by poorly understood function. Here we
propose a novel biomechanical function for the PTS and model
the talus as a cam mechanism. By surveying a large sample of
primates and their closest relatives, we demonstrate that
the PTS is most strongly developed in extant taxa that
habitually grasp vertical supports with strongly dorsiflexed
feet. Tali of the earliest fossils likely to represent crown
primates exhibit more strongly developed PTS cam mechanisms
than extant primates. As a cam, the PTS may increase
grasping efficiency in dorsiflexed foot postures by
increasing the path length of the flexor fibularis tendon,
and thus improve the muscle's ability to maintain flexed
digits without increasing energetic demands. Comparisons are
made to other passive digital flexion mechanisms suggested
to exist in other vertebrates. These results provide robust
anatomical evidence that the habitual vertical support use
exerted a strong selective pressure during crown primate
origins.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-48651-x},
Key = {fds345874}
}
@article{fds346966,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Yapuncich, GS and Dunham, NT and McNamara, A and Shapiro,
LJ and Hieronymus, TL and Young, JW},
Title = {My branch is your branch: Talar morphology correlates with
relative substrate size in platyrrhines at Tiputini
Biodiversity Station, Ecuador.},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Volume = {133},
Pages = {23-31},
Year = {2019},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.05.012},
Abstract = {Given that most species of primates are predominantly
arboreal, maintaining the ability to move among branches of
varying sizes has presumably been a common selective force
in primate evolution. However, empirical evaluations of the
relationships between morphological variation and
characteristics of substrate geometry, such as substrate
diameter relative to an animal's body mass, have been
limited by the lack of quantified substrate usage in the
wild. Here we use recently published quantitative data to
assess the relationships between relative substrate size and
talar morphology in nine New World monkey species at the
Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Ecuador. Within this sample,
both fibular facet angle (the angle between the fibular
facet and the trochlear rims) and body-mass-standardized
area of the medial tibial facet decrease as average and
maximum relative substrate size increases. Correlations
between medial tibial facet area and relative substrate size
are driven by the inclusion of callitrichids in this sample.
Nevertheless, these findings strengthen the hypothesis that
variation in fibular facet orientation and medial tibial
facet area are functionally correlated with habitual degrees
of pedal inversion. They also strengthen the notion that
evolutionarily changing body mass could impact habitat
geometry experienced by a lineage and thereby substantially
impact major trends in primate morphological evolution. This
study highlights the importance of empirical data on
substrate use in living primates for inferring functional
and evolutionary implications of morphological
variation.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.05.012},
Key = {fds346966}
}
@article{fds346853,
Author = {Pampush, JD and Yapuncich, GS and Fuselier, EJ},
Title = {Applying BayesModelS to body mass prediction; comparisons
with traditional approaches and recommendations for future
paleontological reconstructions},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {168},
Pages = {185-185},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds346853}
}
@article{fds347132,
Author = {Yapuncich, GS and Kemp, AD and Griffith, DM and Gladman, JT and Ehmke,
E and Boyer, DM},
Title = {A digital collection of rare and endangered lemurs and other
primates from the Duke Lemur Center.},
Journal = {Plos One},
Volume = {14},
Number = {11},
Pages = {e0219411},
Year = {2019},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219411},
Abstract = {Scientific study of lemurs, a group of primates found only
on Madagascar, is crucial for understanding primate
evolution. Unfortunately, lemurs are among the most
endangered animals in the world, so there is a strong
impetus to maximize as much scientific data as possible from
available physical specimens. MicroCT scanning efforts at
Duke University have resulted in scans of more than 100
strepsirrhine cadavers representing 18 species from the Duke
Lemur Center. An error study of the microCT scanner
recovered less than 0.3% error at multiple resolution
levels. Scans include specimen overviews and focused,
high-resolution selections of complex anatomical regions
(e.g., cranium, hands, feet). Scans have been uploaded to
MorphoSource, an online digital repository for 3D data. As
captive (but free ranging) individuals, these specimens have
a wealth of associated information that is largely
unavailable for wild populations, including detailed life
history data. This digital collection maximizes the
information obtained from rare and endangered animals with
minimal degradation of the original specimens.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0219411},
Key = {fds347132}
}
@article{fds341440,
Author = {Yapuncich, GS and Churchill, SE and Cameron, N and Walker,
CS},
Title = {Morphometric panel regression equations for predicting body
mass in immature humans.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {166},
Number = {1},
Pages = {179-195},
Year = {2018},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23422},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Predicting body mass is a frequent objective of
several anthropological subdisciplines, but there are few
published methods for predicting body mass in immature
humans. Because most reference samples are composed of
adults, predicting body mass outside the range of adults
requires extrapolation, which may reduce the accuracy of
predictions. Prediction equations developed from a sample of
immature humans would reduce extrapolation for application
to small-bodied target individuals, and should have utility
in multiple predictive contexts. MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Here, we present two novel body mass prediction equations
derived from 3468 observations of stature and bi-iliac
breadth from a large sample of immature humans (n = 173)
collected in the Harpenden Growth Study. Prediction
equations were generated using raw and natural
log-transformed data and modeled using panel regression,
which accounts for serial autocorrelation of longitudinal
observations. Predictive accuracy was gauged with a global
sample of human juveniles (n = 530 age- and sex-specific
annual means) and compared to the performance of the adult
morphometric prediction equation previously identified as
most accurate for human juveniles. RESULTS: While the raw
data panel equation is only slightly more accurate than the
adult equation, the logged data panel equation generates
very accurate body mass predictions across both sexes and
all age classes of the test sample (mean absolute percentage
prediction error = 2.47). DISCUSSION: The logged data
panel equation should prove useful in archaeological,
forensic, and paleontological contexts when predictor
variables can be measured with confidence and are outside
the range of modern adult humans.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23422},
Key = {fds341440}
}
@article{fds341441,
Author = {Gao, T and Yapuncich, GS and Daubechies, I and Mukherjee, S and Boyer,
DM},
Title = {Development and Assessment of Fully Automated and Globally
Transitive Geometric Morphometric Methods, With Application
to a Biological Comparative Dataset With High Interspecific
Variation.},
Journal = {Anat Rec (Hoboken)},
Volume = {301},
Number = {4},
Pages = {636-658},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.23700},
Abstract = {Automated geometric morphometric methods are promising tools
for shape analysis in comparative biology, improving
researchers' abilities to quantify variation extensively (by
permitting more specimens to be analyzed) and intensively
(by characterizing shapes with greater fidelity). Although
use of these methods has increased, published automated
methods have some notable limitations: pairwise
correspondences are frequently inaccurate and pairwise
mappings are not globally consistent (i.e., they lack
transitivity across the full sample). Here, we reassess the
accuracy of published automated methods-cPDist (Boyer et al.
Proc Nat Acad Sci 108 () 18221-18226) and auto3Dgm (Boyer et
al.: Anat Rec 298 () 249-276)-and evaluate several
modifications to these methods. We show that a substantial
percentage of alignments and pairwise maps between specimens
of dissimilar geometries were inaccurate in the study of
Boyer et al. (Proc Nat Acad Sci 108 () 18221-18226), despite
a taxonomically partitioned variance structure of continuous
Procrustes distances. We show these inaccuracies are
remedied using a globally informed methodology within a
collection of shapes, rather than relying on pairwise
comparisons (c.f. Boyer et al.: Anat Rec 298 () 249-276).
Unfortunately, while global information generally enhances
maps between dissimilar objects, it can degrade the quality
of correspondences between similar objects due to the
accumulation of numerical error. We explore a number of
approaches to mitigate this degradation, quantify their
performance, and compare the generated pairwise maps (and
the shape space characterized by these maps) to a "ground
truth" obtained from landmarks manually collected by
geometric morphometricians. Novel methods both improve the
quality of the pairwise correspondences relative to cPDist
and achieve a taxonomic distinctiveness comparable to
auto3Dgm. Anat Rec, 301:636-658, 2018. © 2017 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.23700},
Key = {fds341441}
}
@article{fds346854,
Author = {Walker, CS and Yapuncich, GS and Bowie, A and Belais, R and Churchill,
SE},
Title = {Accuracy of human-based morphometric equations for
predicting bonobo body mass},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {292-292},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds346854}
}
@article{fds346855,
Author = {Cook, RW and Yapuncich, GS and Thompson, IJ and Walker, CS and Churchill, SE},
Title = {A comparison of lateral iliac flare measurement methods and
their correlation with lesser gluteal moment
arms},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {53-53},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds346855}
}
@article{fds346949,
Author = {Yapuncich, GS and Boyer, DM},
Title = {Scaling relationships of axonic patterning in the hands and
feet of primates},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {307-307},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds346949}
}
@article{fds346950,
Author = {Feng, HJ and Yapuncich, GS and Dunn, RH and Seiffert, ER and Boyer,
DM},
Title = {Evolutionary and functional implications of the development
of the talar posterior trochlear shelf in
euprimates},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {83-83},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds346950}
}
@article{fds346951,
Author = {Lyu, I and Perdomo, J and Yapuncich, GS and Paniagua, B and Boyer, DM and Styner, MA},
Title = {Group-wise Shape Correspondence of Variable and Complex
Objects.},
Journal = {Smart Structures and Materials 2005: Active Materials:
Behavior and Mechanics},
Volume = {10574},
Pages = {105742T},
Year = {2018},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2293273},
Abstract = {We present a group-wise shape correspondence method for
analyzing variable and complex objects in a population
study. The proposed method begins with the standard
spherical harmonics (SPHARM) point distribution models (PDM)
with their spherical mappings. In case of complex and
variable objects, the equal area spherical mapping based
SPHARM correspondence is imperfect. For such objects, we
present here a novel group-wise correspondence. As an
example dataset, we use 12 second mandibular molars
representing 6 living or fossil euarchontan species. To
improve initial correspondence of the SPHARM-PDM
representation, we first apply a rigid transformation on
each subject using five well-known landmarks (molar cusps).
We further enhance the correspondence by optimizing
landmarks (local) and multidimensional geometric property
(global) over each subject with spherical harmonic
representation. The resulting average shape model better
captures sharp landmark representation in quantitative
evaluation as well as a nice separation of different species
compared with that of the SPHARM-PDM method.},
Doi = {10.1117/12.2293273},
Key = {fds346951}
}
@article{fds341443,
Author = {Walker, CS and Yapuncich, GS and Sridhar, S and Cameron, N and Churchill, SE},
Title = {Evaluating morphometric body mass prediction equations with
a juvenile human test sample: accuracy and applicability to
small-bodied hominins.},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Volume = {115},
Pages = {65-77},
Year = {2018},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.03.009},
Abstract = {Body mass is an ecologically and biomechanically important
variable in the study of hominin biology. Regression
equations derived from recent human samples allow for the
reasonable prediction of body mass of later, more
human-like, and generally larger hominins from hip joint
dimensions, but potential differences in hip biomechanics
across hominin taxa render their use questionable with some
earlier taxa (i.e., Australopithecus spp.). Morphometric
prediction equations using stature and bi-iliac breadth
avoid this problem, but their applicability to early
hominins, some of which differ in both size and proportions
from modern adult humans, has not been demonstrated. Here we
use mean stature, bi-iliac breadth, and body mass from a
global sample of human juveniles ranging in age from 6 to 12
years (n = 530 age- and sex-specific group annual means
from 33 countries/regions) to evaluate the accuracy of
several published morphometric prediction equations when
applied to small humans. Though the body proportions of
modern human juveniles likely differ from those of
small-bodied early hominins, human juveniles (like fossil
hominins) often differ in size and proportions from adult
human reference samples and, accordingly, serve as a useful
model for assessing the robustness of morphometric
prediction equations. Morphometric equations based on adults
systematically underpredict body mass in the youngest age
groups and moderately overpredict body mass in the older
groups, which fall in the body size range of adult
Australopithecus (∼26-46 kg). Differences in body
proportions, notably the ratio of lower limb length to
stature, influence predictive accuracy. Ontogenetic changes
in these body proportions likely influence the shift in
prediction error (from under- to overprediction). However,
because morphometric equations are reasonably accurate when
applied to this juvenile test sample, we argue these
equations may be used to predict body mass in small-bodied
hominins, despite the potential for some error induced by
differing body proportions and/or extrapolation beyond the
original reference sample range.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.03.009},
Key = {fds341443}
}
@article{fds341442,
Author = {Yapuncich, GS},
Title = {Alternative methods for calculating percentage prediction
error and their implications for predicting body mass in
fossil taxa.},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Volume = {115},
Pages = {140-145},
Year = {2018},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.03.001},
Abstract = {Since body mass covaries with many ecological aspects of an
animal, body mass prediction of fossil taxa is a frequent
goal of paleontologists. Body mass prediction often relies
on a body mass prediction equation (BMPE): a bivariate
relationship between a predictor variable (e.g., molar
occlusal area, femoral head breadth) and body mass as
observed in extant taxa. A variety of metrics have been used
to assess the reliability of BMPEs, including percentage
prediction error (%PE), which involves predicting body
masses of a test sample comprising individuals with
associated masses. A mean %PE can be calculated in two ways:
1) as the mean %PE of multiple individual predictions
(%MPE), or 2) as the %PE of mean body mass generated from
the mean predictor value of multiple individuals (here
termed %PEM). Differences between these two approaches have
never been formally examined and no formal protocols have
been recommended. Using a large sample of cercopithecoid
primates (406 individuals from 50 species/subspecies) with
associated body masses, body mass is predicted with six
previously published interspecific BMPEs. Both %MPE and %PEM
are calculated and compared. For all BMPEs, the
distributions of differences between %MPE and %PEM exhibit
positive skew and have medians significantly greater than
zero, indicating that the examined prediction equations are
more accurate at predicting mean body mass when they are
applied to mean predictor values. The decreased predictive
accuracy of %MPE relative to %PEM likely stems from changing
the unit of analysis from mean values (in the reference
sample) to individual values (in the test sample) when
calculating %MPE. Empirical results are supported with a
simulated dataset. Implications for body mass prediction in
fossil species are discussed.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.03.001},
Key = {fds341442}
}
@article{fds341444,
Author = {Patel, BA and Yapuncich, GS and Tran, C and Nengo,
IO},
Title = {Catarrhine hallucal metatarsals from the early Miocene site
of Songhor, Kenya.},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Volume = {108},
Pages = {176-198},
Year = {2017},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.03.013},
Abstract = {Songhor is an early Miocene fossil locality in Kenya known
for its diverse primate assemblage that includes catarrhine
species belonging to the genera Kalepithecus, Limnopithecus,
Dendropithecus, Rangwapithecus, and Proconsul. Expeditions
to Songhor since the 1930s have recovered unassociated
catarrhine postcranial remains from both the fore- and
hindlimbs, including multiple elements from the feet. In
this study, we describe KNM-SO 31233, a complete left
hallucal metatarsal (Mt1), along with several other
fragmentary Mt1 specimens (KNM-SO 1080, 5129, 5141, 22235).
These fossils were compared to extant catarrhines and
platyrrhines, as well as available fossil Miocene catarrhine
Mt1s. Morphometric data were obtained from 3D surface
renderings and subjected to a number of analyses to assess
their phenetic affinity with the comparative sample, make
predictions of body mass, and to infer their functional
morphology. The size and shape of the Songhor Mt1s are
diverse, exhibiting a large robust morph (KNM-SO 5141)
similar in size but not in shape to extant African apes,
medium-sized morphs (KNM-SO 1080, 5129 and 22235), and a
smaller, slender one (KNM-SO 31233) that has a shape
resembling arboreal quadrupedal leaping monkeys and
suspensory atelines and hylobatids. KNM-SO 31233 is unlike
other known fossil Mt1s, and in general, none of the Songhor
Mt1s resembled any single extant anthropoid clade or
species. The morpho-functional diversity of Songhor Mt1s is
consistent with an extensive morphological and phylogenetic
catarrhine diversity in the early part of the Miocene
epoch.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.03.013},
Key = {fds341444}
}
@article{fds341445,
Author = {Yapuncich, GS and Seiffert, ER and Boyer, DM},
Title = {Quantification of the position and depth of the flexor
hallucis longus groove in euarchontans, with implications
for the evolution of primate positional behavior.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {163},
Number = {2},
Pages = {367-406},
Year = {2017},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23213},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: On the talus, the position and depth of the
groove for the flexor hallucis longus tendon have been used
to infer phylogenetic affinities and positional behaviors of
fossil primates. This study quantifies aspects of the flexor
hallucis longus groove (FHLG) to test if: (1) a lateral FHLG
is a derived strepsirrhine feature, (2) a lateral FHLG
reflects inverted and abducted foot postures, and (3) a
deeper FHLG indicates a larger muscle. METHODS: We used
linear measurements of microCT-generated models from a
sample of euarchontans (n = 378 specimens, 125 species)
to quantify FHLG position and depth. Data are analyzed with
ANOVA, Ordinary and Phylogenetic Generalized Least Squares,
and Bayesian Ancestral State Reconstruction (ASR). RESULTS:
Extant strepsirrhines, adapiforms, plesiadapiforms,
dermopterans, and Ptilocercus exhibit lateral FHLGs. Extant
anthropoids, subfossil lemurs, and Tupaia have medial FHLGs.
FHLGs of omomyiforms and basal fossil anthropoids are
intermediate between those of strepsirrhines and extant
anthropoids. FHLG position has few correlations with pedal
inversion features. Relative FHLG depth is not significantly
correlated with body mass. ASRs support a directional model
for FHLG position and a random walk model for FHLG depth.
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of lateral FHLGs in many
non-euprimates suggests a lateral FHLG is not a derived
strepsirrhine feature. The lack of correlations with pedal
inversion features suggests a lateral FHLG is not a
sufficient indicator of strepsirrhine-like foot postures.
Instead, a lateral FHLG may reduce the risk of tendon
displacement in abducted foot postures on large diameter
supports. A deep FHLG does not indicate a larger muscle, but
likely reduces bowstringing during plantarflexion.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23213},
Key = {fds341445}
}
@article{fds341446,
Author = {Griffin, RH and Yapuncich, GS},
Title = {A critical comment on the ‘multiple variance Brownian
motion’ model of Smaers et al. (2016)},
Journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society},
Volume = {121},
Number = {1},
Pages = {223-228},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2017},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blw030},
Abstract = {Smaers, Mongle & Kandler (2016) (Biological Journal of the
Linnean Society, 118: 74-98) introduced a new phylogenetic
comparative method, multiple-variance Brownian motion
(mvBM), for reconstructing ancestral states given a
phylogenetic tree and continuous trait data. The authors
conducted a simulation study and argued that mvBM
outperforms constant variance Brownian motion (BM) when
rates of evolution vary across the phylogeny. In this
comment, we argue that mvBM is fundamentally a circular
analysis that overfits phylogenetic branch lengths to the
data. We further argue that the comparison of mvBM to BM
under conditions where the assumptions of BM are clearly
violated is not an informative performance analysis and that
the simulation study of Smaers et al. (2016) exaggerates the
performance of mvBM by focusing on a narrow range of
simulation conditions and reporting aggregated metrics of
relative accuracy that obscure inaccuracy and bias in its
ancestral state estimates. Our arguments are supported by
simulation results. We conclude that mvBM is not a viable
phylogenetic comparative method.},
Doi = {10.1093/biolinnean/blw030},
Key = {fds341446}
}
@article{fds346856,
Author = {Gladman, JT and Yapuncich, GS and Cooke, SB},
Title = {Combining 3DGM analyses from multiple anatomical regions
improves phylogenetic interpretations of phenetic data in
Platyrrhini},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {162},
Pages = {195-195},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds346856}
}
@article{fds346938,
Author = {Yapuncich, GS and Williams, BA and Boyer, DM},
Title = {Phenetic Affinities of Teilhardina (Primates, Omomyidae)
from the Powder River Basin of Wyoming Reveal the First
Known Occurrences of Teilhardina brandti Outside the Bighorn
Basin},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {162},
Pages = {416-416},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds346938}
}
@article{fds341447,
Author = {Harrington, AR and Silcox, MT and Yapuncich, GS and Boyer, DM and Bloch,
JI},
Title = {First virtual endocasts of adapiform primates.},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Volume = {99},
Pages = {52-78},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.06.005},
Abstract = {Well-preserved crania of notharctine adapiforms from the
Eocene of North America provide the best direct evidence
available for inferring neuroanatomy and encephalization in
early euprimates (crown primates). Virtual endocasts of the
notharctines Notharctus tenebrosus (n = 3) and Smilodectes
gracilis (n = 4) from the middle Eocene Bridger formation
of Wyoming, and the late Eocene European adapid adapiform
Adapis parisiensis (n = 1), were reconstructed from
high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (CT) data. While
the three species share many neuroanatomical similarities
differentiating them from plesiadapiforms (stem primates)
and extant euprimates, our sample of N. tenebrosus displays
more variation than that of S. gracilis, possibly related
to differences in the patterns of cranial sexual dimorphism
or within-lineage evolution. Body masses predicted from
associated teeth suggest that N. tenebrosus was larger and
had a lower encephalization quotient (EQ) than S. gracilis,
despite their close relationship and similar inferred
ecologies. Meanwhile, body masses predicted from cranial
length of the same specimens suggest that the two species
were more similar, with overlapping body mass and EQ,
although S. gracilis exhibits a range of EQs shifted
upwards relative to that of N. tenebrosus. While associated
data from other parts of the skeleton are mostly lacking for
specimens included in this study, measurements for
unassociated postcrania attributed to these species yield
body mass and EQ estimates that are also more similar to
each other than those based on teeth. Regardless of the body
mass prediction method used, results suggest that the
average EQ of adapiforms was similar to that of
plesiadapiforms, only overlapped the lower quadrant for the
range of extant strepsirrhines, and did not overlap with the
range of extant haplorhines. However, structural changes
evident in these endocasts suggest that early euprimates
relied more on vision than olfaction relative to
plesiadapiforms, despite having relatively small endocranial
volumes compared to extant taxa.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.06.005},
Key = {fds341447}
}
@article{fds341448,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Kirk, EC and Silcox, MT and Gunnell, GF and Gilbert, CC and Yapuncich, GS and Allen, KL and Welch, E and Bloch, JI and Gonzales, LA and Kay, RF and Seiffert, ER},
Title = {Internal carotid arterial canal size and scaling in
Euarchonta: Re-assessing implications for arterial patency
and phylogenetic relationships in early fossil
primates.},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Volume = {97},
Pages = {123-144},
Year = {2016},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.06.002},
Abstract = {Primate species typically differ from other mammals in
having bony canals that enclose the branches of the internal
carotid artery (ICA) as they pass through the middle ear.
The presence and relative size of these canals varies among
major primate clades. As a result, differences in the
anatomy of the canals for the promontorial and stapedial
branches of the ICA have been cited as evidence of either
haplorhine or strepsirrhine affinities among otherwise
enigmatic early fossil euprimates. Here we use micro X-ray
computed tomography to compile the largest quantitative
dataset on ICA canal sizes. The data suggest greater
variation of the ICA canals within some groups than has been
previously appreciated. For example, Lepilemur and Avahi
differ from most other lemuriforms in having a larger
promontorial canal than stapedial canal. Furthermore,
various lemurids are intraspecifically variable in relative
canal size, with the promontorial canal being larger than
the stapedial canal in some individuals but not others. In
species where the promontorial artery supplies the brain
with blood, the size of the promontorial canal is
significantly correlated with endocranial volume (ECV).
Among species with alternate routes of encephalic blood
supply, the promontorial canal is highly reduced relative to
ECV, and correlated with both ECV and cranium size.
Ancestral state reconstructions incorporating data from
fossils suggest that the last common ancestor of living
primates had promontorial and stapedial canals that were
similar to each other in size and large relative to ECV. We
conclude that the plesiomorphic condition for crown primates
is to have a patent promontorial artery supplying the brain
and a patent stapedial artery for various non-encephalic
structures. This inferred ancestral condition is exhibited
by treeshrews and most early fossil euprimates, while extant
primates exhibit reduction in one canal or another. The only
early fossils deviating from this plesiomorphic condition
are Adapis parisiensis with a reduced promontorial canal,
and Rooneyia and Mahgarita with reduced stapedial
canals.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.06.002},
Key = {fds341448}
}
@article{fds359701,
Author = {Laub, EC and Yapuncich, GS and Glander, KE and Pusey,
AE},
Title = {Longitudinal body mass variation in wild primate
populations: are individuals or populations more
variable?},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {202-202},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds359701}
}
@article{fds346857,
Author = {Yapuncich, GS and Granatosky, MC},
Title = {Congruence of articular surface curvature and dynamic range
of motion in the subtalar joints of lorisids and
cheirogaleids},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {340-341},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds346857}
}
@misc{fds367092,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Yapuncich, GS and Chester, SGB and Bloch, JI and Godinot,
M},
Title = {Hands of Paleogene Primates},
Pages = {373-419},
Booktitle = {Developments in Primatology: Progress and
Prospects},
Publisher = {Springer New York},
Year = {2016},
ISBN = {9781493936441},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3646-5_14},
Doi = {10.1007/978-1-4939-3646-5_14},
Key = {fds367092}
}
@article{fds341449,
Author = {Yapuncich, GS and Gladman, JT and Boyer, DM},
Title = {Predicting euarchontan body mass: A comparison of tarsal and
dental variables.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {157},
Number = {3},
Pages = {472-506},
Year = {2015},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22735},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Multiple meaningful ecological characterizations
of a species revolve around body mass. Because body mass
cannot be directly measured in extinct taxa, reliable body
mass predictors are needed. Many published body mass
prediction equations rely on dental dimensions, but certain
skeletal dimensions may have a more direct and consistent
relationship with body mass. We seek to evaluate the
reliability of prediction equations for inferring
euarchontan body mass based on measurements of the articular
facet areas of the astragalus and calcaneus. METHODS:
Surface areas of five astragalar facets (n = 217 specimens)
and two calcaneal facets (n = 163) were measured. Separate
ordinary least squares and multiple regression equations are
presented for different levels of taxonomic inclusivity, and
the reliability of each equation is evaluated with the
coefficient of determination, standard error of the
estimate, mean prediction error, and the prediction sum of
squares statistic. We compare prediction errors to published
prediction equations that utilize dental and/or tarsal
measures. Finally, we examine the effects of taxonomically
specific regressions and apply our equations to a diverse
set of non-primates. RESULTS: Our results reveal that
predictions based on facet areas are more reliable than most
linear dental or tarsal predictors. Multivariate approaches
are often better than univariate methods, but require more
information (making them less useful for fragmentary
fossils). While some taxonomically specific regressions
improve predictive ability, this is not true for all primate
groups. CONCLUSIONS: Among individual facets, the ectal and
fibular facets of the astragalus and the calcaneal cuboid
facet are the best body mass predictors. Since these facets
have primarily concave curvature and scale with positive
allometry relative to body mass, it appears that candidate
skeletal proxies for body mass can be identified based on
their curvature and scaling coefficients.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22735},
Key = {fds341449}
}
@article{fds341450,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Yapuncich, GS and Butler, JE and Dunn, RH and Seiffert,
ER},
Title = {Evolution of postural diversity in primates as reflected by
the size and shape of the medial tibial facet of the
talus.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {157},
Number = {1},
Pages = {134-177},
Year = {2015},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22702},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Comprehensive quantification of the shape and
proportions of the medial tibial facet (MTF) of the talus
(=astragalus) has been lacking for Primates and their
closest relatives. In this study, aspects of MTF form were
quantified and employed to test hypotheses about their
functional and phylogenetic significance. The following
hypotheses influence perceptions of primate evolutionary
history but are due for more rigorous assessment: 1) A
relatively large MTF distinguishes "prosimians"
(strepsirrhines and tarsiers) from anthropoids and
non-primate euarchontans; 2) the distinctive form of the
"prosimian" MTF is a correlate of locomotor tendencies that
emphasize use of vertical and small diameter supports in
conjunction with inverted, abducted foot postures; and 3)
the "prosimian" MTF form arose along the primate stem
lineage and was present in the euprimate common ancestor.
METHODS: Three-dimensional (3D) scanning was used to create
scale digital models of tali (n = 378 specimens, 122
species) from which three types of variables capturing
aspects of MTF form were computed: 1) MTF area relative to
body mass and ectal facet area; 2) MTF shape (elliptical vs.
non-elliptical); and 3) MTF dorsal restriction on the talar
body (i.e., extensive vs. minimal exposure of non-articular
area). Data were analyzed using both phylogenetic and
traditional comparative methods including Phylogenetic
Generalized Least Squares, Ordinary Least Squares, ANCOVA,
ANOVA, and Bayesian Ancestral State Reconstruction (ASR).
RESULTS: Extant "prosimians" are generally distinct from
anthropoids and non-primate euarchontans in our quantitative
representations of MTF form. MTF area (but not shape or
dorsal restriction) correlates with fibular facet angle
(FFa) of the talus, which has also been argued to reflect
habitual pedal inversion. Among strepsirrhines, taxa that
engage in grasp-leaping more frequently/effectively appear
to have a relatively larger MTF than less acrobatic taxa.
Directional models of evolutionary change better describe
the phylogenetic distribution of MTF variation than do other
models. ASR shows 1) little change in the MTF along the
primate stem, 2) independent evolution of relatively large
and dorsoplantarly deep MTFs in basal haplorhines and
strepsirrhines, and 3) re-evolution of morphologies similar
to non-euprimates in anthropoids. CONCLUSIONS: Results
support the hypothesis that differences in MTF form between
anthropoids and "prosimians" reflect greater use of inverted
foot postures and grasp-leaping in the latter group.
Although fossil "prosimians" do not have the extreme MTF
dimensions that characterize many extant acrobatic leapers,
these variables by themselves provide little additional
behavioral resolution at the level of individual fossils due
to strong phylogenetic signal. ASR suggests that some
specialization for use of inverted foot postures (as
required in a fine-branch niche) and modifications for
grasp-leaping evolved independently in basal strepsirrhine
and haplorhine lineages.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22702},
Key = {fds341450}
}
@article{fds346955,
Author = {Neu, R and Yapuncich, GS and Boyer, DM},
Title = {Quantification of the position of the flexor fibularis
groove of the euarchontan talus},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {156},
Pages = {235-235},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds346955}
}
@article{fds346952,
Author = {Harrington, AR and Silcox, MT and Yapuncich, GS and Boyer, DM and Bloch,
JI},
Title = {First virtual endocasts of North American adapiform
primates},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {156},
Pages = {159-160},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds346952}
}
@article{fds346953,
Author = {Yapuncich, GS and Boyer, DM},
Title = {Allometric shape change in the talar articular surfaces of
euarchontans},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {156},
Pages = {328-328},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds346953}
}
@article{fds346954,
Author = {Morse, PE and Bloch, JI and Yapuncich, GS and Boyer, DM and Strait,
SG},
Title = {Dental topography and dietary ecology of the first North
American euprimates},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {156},
Pages = {230-230},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds346954}
}
@article{fds341451,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Puente, J and Gladman, JT and Glynn, C and Mukherjee, S and Yapuncich, GS and Daubechies, I},
Title = {A new fully automated approach for aligning and comparing
shapes.},
Journal = {Anat Rec (Hoboken)},
Volume = {298},
Number = {1},
Pages = {249-276},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.23084},
Abstract = {Three-dimensional geometric morphometric (3DGM) methods for
placing landmarks on digitized bones have become
increasingly sophisticated in the last 20 years, including
greater degrees of automation. One aspect shared by all 3DGM
methods is that the researcher must designate initial
landmarks. Thus, researcher interpretations of homology and
correspondence are required for and influence
representations of shape. We present an algorithm allowing
fully automatic placement of correspondence points on
samples of 3D digital models representing bones of different
individuals/species, which can then be input into standard
3DGM software and analyzed with dimension reduction
techniques. We test this algorithm against several samples,
primarily a dataset of 106 primate calcanei represented by
1,024 correspondence points per bone. Results of our
automated analysis of these samples are compared to a
published study using a traditional 3DGM approach with 27
landmarks on each bone. Data were analyzed with
morphologika(2.5) and PAST. Our analyses returned strong
correlations between principal component scores, similar
variance partitioning among components, and similarities
between the shape spaces generated by the automatic and
traditional methods. While cluster analyses of both
automatically generated and traditional datasets produced
broadly similar patterns, there were also differences.
Overall these results suggest to us that automatic
quantifications can lead to shape spaces that are as
meaningful as those based on observer landmarks, thereby
presenting potential to save time in data collection,
increase completeness of morphological quantification,
eliminate observer error, and allow comparisons of shape
diversity between different types of bones. We provide an R
package for implementing this analysis.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.23084},
Key = {fds341451}
}
@article{fds346858,
Author = {Griffin, RH and Yapuncich, GS},
Title = {The Independent Evolution Method Is Not a Viable
Phylogenetic Comparative Method.},
Journal = {Plos One},
Volume = {10},
Number = {12},
Pages = {e0144147},
Year = {2015},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144147},
Abstract = {Phylogenetic comparative methods (PCMs) use data on species
traits and phylogenetic relationships to shed light on
evolutionary questions. Recently, Smaers and Vinicius
suggested a new PCM, Independent Evolution (IE), which
purportedly employs a novel model of evolution based on
Felsenstein's Adaptive Peak Model. The authors found that IE
improves upon previous PCMs by producing more accurate
estimates of ancestral states, as well as separate estimates
of evolutionary rates for each branch of a phylogenetic
tree. Here, we document substantial theoretical and
computational issues with IE. When data are simulated under
a simple Brownian motion model of evolution, IE produces
severely biased estimates of ancestral states and changes
along individual branches. We show that these
branch-specific changes are essentially ancestor-descendant
or "directional" contrasts, and draw parallels between IE
and previous PCMs such as "minimum evolution". Additionally,
while comparisons of branch-specific changes between
variables have been interpreted as reflecting the relative
strength of selection on those traits, we demonstrate
through simulations that regressing IE estimated
branch-specific changes against one another gives a biased
estimate of the scaling relationship between these
variables, and provides no advantages or insights beyond
established PCMs such as phylogenetically independent
contrasts. In light of our findings, we discuss the results
of previous papers that employed IE. We conclude that
Independent Evolution is not a viable PCM, and should not be
used in comparative analyses.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0144147},
Key = {fds346858}
}
@article{fds346859,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Yapuncich, GS and Chester, SGB and Bloch, JI and Godinot,
M},
Title = {Erratum: Hands of Early Primates (American Journal of
Physical Anthropology (2013) 152(33-78) DOI:
10.1002/ajpa.22392)},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {153},
Number = {3},
Pages = {512},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22483},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22483},
Key = {fds346859}
}
@article{fds346956,
Author = {Butler, JE and Yapuncich, GS and Boyer, DM},
Title = {Quantification of talar medial tibial facet variation among
primates},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {153},
Pages = {87-87},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds346956}
}
@article{fds346957,
Author = {Yapuncich, GS and Boyer, DM},
Title = {Talar articular surface curvature decreases allometrically
among primates},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {153},
Pages = {278-279},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds346957}
}
@article{fds346958,
Author = {Welch, EC and Boyer, DM and Yapuncich, GS and Gunnell, GF and Seiffert,
ER and Bloch, JI},
Title = {Re-evaluation of promontorial arterial dominance in fossil
adapiforms},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {153},
Pages = {270-270},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds346958}
}
@article{fds341452,
Author = {Yapuncich, GS and Boyer, DM},
Title = {Interspecific scaling patterns of talar articular surfaces
within primates and their closest living
relatives.},
Journal = {Journal of Anatomy},
Volume = {224},
Number = {2},
Pages = {150-172},
Year = {2014},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joa.12137},
Abstract = {The articular facets of interosseous joints must transmit
forces while maintaining relatively low stresses. To prevent
overloading, joints that transmit higher forces should
therefore have larger facet areas. The relative
contributions of body mass and muscle-induced forces to
joint stress are unclear, but generate opposing hypotheses.
If mass-induced forces dominate, facet area should scale
with positive allometry to body mass. Alternatively,
muscle-induced forces should cause facets to scale
isometrically with body mass. Within primates, both scaling
patterns have been reported for articular surfaces of the
femoral and humeral heads, but more distal elements are less
well studied. Additionally, examination of complex articular
surfaces has largely been limited to linear measurements, so
that 'true area' remains poorly assessed. To re-assess these
scaling relationships, we examine the relationship between
body size and articular surface areas of the talus. Area
measurements were taken from microCT scan-generated surfaces
of all talar facets from a comprehensive sample of extant
euarchontan taxa (primates, treeshrews, and colugos).
Log-transformed data were regressed on literature-derived
log-body mass using reduced major axis and phylogenetic
least squares regressions. We examine the scaling patterns
of muscle mass and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA)
to body mass, as these relationships may complicate each
model. Finally, we examine the scaling pattern of hindlimb
muscle PCSA to talar articular surface area, a direct test
of the effect of mass-induced forces on joint surfaces.
Among most groups, there is an overall trend toward positive
allometry for articular surfaces. The ectal (= posterior
calcaneal) facet scales with positive allometry among all
groups except 'sundatherians', strepsirrhines, galagids, and
lorisids. The medial tibial facet scales isometrically among
all groups except lemuroids. Scaling coefficients are not
correlated with sample size, clade inclusivity or behavioral
diversity of the sample. Muscle mass scales with slight
positive allometry to body mass, and PCSA scales at isometry
to body mass. PCSA generally scales with negative allometry
to articular surface area, which indicates joint surfaces
increase faster than muscles' ability to generate force. We
suggest a synthetic model to explain the complex patterns
observed for talar articular surface area scaling: whether
'muscles or mass' drive articular facet scaling is probably
dependent on the body size range of the sample and the
biological role of the facet. The relationship between
'muscle vs. mass' dominance is likely bone- and
facet-specific, meaning that some facets should respond
primarily to stresses induced by larger body mass, whereas
others primarily reflect muscle forces.},
Doi = {10.1111/joa.12137},
Key = {fds341452}
}
@article{fds341453,
Author = {Boyer, DM and Yapuncich, GS and Chester, SGB and Bloch, JI and Godinot,
M},
Title = {Hands of early primates.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {152 Suppl 57},
Pages = {33-78},
Year = {2013},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22392},
Abstract = {Questions surrounding the origin and early evolution of
primates continue to be the subject of debate. Though
anatomy of the skull and inferred dietary shifts are often
the focus, detailed studies of postcrania and inferred
locomotor capabilities can also provide crucial data that
advance understanding of transitions in early primate
evolution. In particular, the hand skeleton includes
characteristics thought to reflect foraging, locomotion, and
posture. Here we review what is known about the early
evolution of primate hands from a comparative perspective
that incorporates data from the fossil record. Additionally,
we provide new comparative data and documentation of
skeletal morphology for Paleogene plesiadapiforms,
notharctines, cercamoniines, adapines, and omomyiforms.
Finally, we discuss implications of these data for
understanding locomotor transitions during the origin and
early evolutionary history of primates. Known plesiadapiform
species cannot be differentiated from extant primates based
on either intrinsic hand proportions or hand-to-body size
proportions. Nonetheless, the presence of claws and a
different metacarpophalangeal [corrected] joint form in
plesiadapiforms indicate different grasping mechanics.
Notharctines and cercamoniines have intrinsic hand
proportions with extremely elongated proximal phalanges and
digit rays relative to metacarpals, resembling tarsiers and
galagos. But their hand-to-body size proportions are typical
of many extant primates (unlike those of tarsiers, and
possibly Teilhardina, which have extremely large hands).
Non-adapine adapiforms and omomyids exhibit additional
carpal features suggesting more limited dorsiflexion,
greater ulnar deviation, and a more habitually divergent
pollex than observed plesiadapiforms. Together, features
differentiating adapiforms and omomyiforms from
plesiadapiforms indicate increased reliance on vertical
prehensile-clinging and grasp-leaping, possibly in
combination with predatory behaviors in ancestral
euprimates.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22392},
Key = {fds341453}
}
@article{fds346959,
Author = {Yapuncich, GS and Boyer, DM},
Title = {Scaling patterns of talar articular surfaces within
Euarchonta.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {150},
Pages = {297-297},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds346959}
}
@article{fds346860,
Author = {Yapuncich, GS and Boyer, DM and Maiorino, S and Bolortsetseg,
M},
Title = {NEW DATA FOR EVALUATING FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY IN
PTILODONTIDAE (ALLOTHERIA, MULTITUBERCULATA) USING DIGITAL
PREPARATION},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {32},
Pages = {198-198},
Publisher = {TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds346860}
}
@article{fds346861,
Author = {Yapuncich, G and Boyer, D and Secord, R and Bloch,
J},
Title = {THE FIRST DENTALLY ASSOCIATED SKELETON OF PLAGIOMENIDAE
(MAMMALIA, ?DERMOPTERA) FROM THE LATE PALEOCENE OF
WYOMING},
Journal = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
Volume = {31},
Pages = {218-218},
Publisher = {SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds346861}
}
%% Yoder, Anne D.
@article{fds373355,
Author = {Tiley, GP and Crowl, AA and Almary, TOM and Luke, WRQ and Solofondranohatra, CL and Besnard, G and Lehmann, CER and Yoder, AD and Vorontsova, MS},
Title = {Genetic variation in Loudetia simplex supports the presence
of ancient grasslands in Madagascar},
Journal = {Plants People Planet},
Volume = {6},
Number = {2},
Pages = {315-329},
Year = {2024},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10437},
Abstract = {Societal Impact Statement: Recognizing Loudetia-dominated
grasslands were widespread prior to human colonization
highlights that open ecosystems were and continue to be an
important component of Madagascar's biodiversity. A better
understanding of the plant species that form grassland
ecosystems is necessary for effective land management
strategies that support livelihoods, but substantial
financial and logistical barriers exist to implementing
conservation genetic studies using contemporary genomic
tools. Some challenges for population genetic analyses of
non-model polyploids lacking reference genomes can be
ameliorated by developing computational resources that
leverage a cost-effective data generation strategy that
requires no prior genetic knowledge of the target species.
This may benefit conservation programs with small operating
budgets while reducing uncertainty compared to status quo
microsatellite assays. Summary: The extent of Madagascar's
grasslands prior to human colonization is unresolved. We
used population genetic analyses of a broadly dominant C4
fire-adapted grass, Loudetia simplex, as a proxy for
estimating grassland change through time. We carefully
examined the utility of target-enrichment data for
population genetics to make recommendations for conservation
genetics. We explored the potential of estimating individual
ploidy levels from target-enrichment data and how
assumptions about ploidy could affect analyses. We developed
a novel bioinformatic pipeline to estimate ploidy and
genotypes from target-enrichment data. We estimated standard
population genetic summary statistics in addition to species
trees and population structure. Extended Bayesian skyline
plots provided estimates of population size through time for
empirical and simulated data. All Malagasy L. simplex
individuals sampled in this study formed a clade and
possibly indicated an ancestral Central Highland
distribution of 800 m in altitude and above. Demographic
models suggested grassland expansions occurred prior to the
Last Interglacial Period and supported extensive grasslands
prior to human colonization. Though there are limitations to
target-enrichment data for population genetic studies, we
find that analyses of population structure are reliable.
Genetic variation in L. simplex supports widespread
grasslands in Madagascar prior to the more recent periods of
notable paleoclimatic change. However, the methods explored
here could not differentiate between paleoclimatic change
near the Last Glacial Maximum and anthropogenic effects.
Target-enrichment data can be a valuable tool for analyses
of population structure in the absence a reference
genome.},
Doi = {10.1002/ppp3.10437},
Key = {fds373355}
}
@article{fds376710,
Author = {Blanco, MB and Smith, DL and Greene, LK and Yoder, AD and Ehmke, EE and Lin, J and Klopfer, PH},
Title = {Telomere dynamics during hibernation in a tropical
primate.},
Journal = {Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic,
and environmental physiology},
Year = {2024},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00360-024-01541-9},
Abstract = {Hibernation is a widespread metabolic strategy among mammals
for surviving periods of food scarcity. During hibernation,
animals naturally alternate between metabolically depressed
torpor bouts and energetically expensive arousals without
ill effects. As a result, hibernators are promising models
for investigating mechanisms that buffer against cellular
stress, including telomere protection and restoration. In
non-hibernators, telomeres, the protective structural ends
of chromosomes, shorten with age and metabolic stress. In
temperate hibernators, however, telomere shortening and
elongation can occur in response to changing environmental
conditions and associated metabolic state. We investigate
telomere dynamics in a tropical hibernating primate, the
fat-tailed dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius). In captivity,
these lemurs can hibernate when maintained under cold
temperatures (11-15 °C) with limited food provisioning. We
study telomere dynamics in eight fat-tailed dwarf lemurs at
the Duke Lemur Center, USA, from samples collected before,
during, and after the hibernation season and assayed via
qPCR. Contrary to our predictions, we found that telomeres
were maintained or even lengthened during hibernation, but
shortened immediately thereafter. During hibernation,
telomere lengthening was negatively correlated with time in
euthermia. Although preliminary in scope, our findings
suggest that there may be a preemptive, compensatory
mechanism to maintain telomere integrity in dwarf lemurs
during hibernation. Nevertheless, telomere shortening
immediately afterward may broadly result in similar outcomes
across seasons. Future studies could profitably investigate
the mechanisms that offset telomere shortening within and
outside of the hibernation season and whether those
mechanisms are modulated by energy surplus or
crises.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00360-024-01541-9},
Key = {fds376710}
}
@article{fds375381,
Author = {Paietta, EN and Kraberger, S and Regney, M and Custer, JM and Ehmke, E and Yoder, AD and Varsani, A},
Title = {Interspecies Papillomavirus Type Infection and a Novel
Papillomavirus Type in Red Ruffed Lemurs (Varecia
rubra).},
Journal = {Viruses},
Volume = {16},
Number = {1},
Pages = {37},
Year = {2023},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v16010037},
Abstract = {The <i>Papillomaviridae</i> are a family of
vertebrate-infecting viruses of oncogenic potential
generally thought to be host species- and tissue-specific.
Despite their phylogenetic relatedness to humans, there is a
scarcity of data on papillomaviruses (PVs) in speciose
non-human primate lineages, particularly the lemuriform
primates. <i>Varecia variegata</i> (black-and-white ruffed
lemurs) and <i>Varecia rubra</i> (red ruffed lemurs), two
closely related species comprising the <i>Varecia</i> genus,
are critically endangered with large global captive
populations. Varecia variegata papillomavirus (VavPV) types
-1 and -2, the first PVs in lemurs with a fully identified
genome, were previously characterized from captive <i>V.
variegata</i> saliva. To build upon this discovery, saliva
samples were collected from captive <i>V. rubra</i> with the
following aims: (1) to identify PVs shared between <i>V.
variegata</i> and <i>V. rubra</i> and (2) to characterize
novel PVs in <i>V. rubra</i> to better understand PV
diversity in the lemuriform primates. Three complete PV
genomes were determined from <i>V. rubra</i> samples. Two of
these PV genomes share 98% L1 nucleotide identity with
VavPV2, denoting interspecies infection of <i>V. rubra</i>
by VavPV2. This work represents the first reported case of
interspecies PV infection amongst the strepsirrhine
primates. The third PV genome shares <68% L1 nucleotide
identity with that of all PVs. Thus, it represents a new PV
species and has been named Varecia rubra papillomavirus 1
(VarPV1). VavPV1, VavPV2, and VarPV1 form a new clade within
the <i>Papillomaviridae</i> family, likely representing a
novel genus. Future work diversifying sample collection
(i.e., lemur host species from multiple genera, sample type,
geographic location, and wild populations) is likely to
uncover a world of diverse lemur PVs.},
Doi = {10.3390/v16010037},
Key = {fds375381}
}
@article{fds372243,
Author = {Tiley, GP and Flouri, T and Jiao, X and Poelstra, JW and Xu, B and Zhu, T and Rannala, B and Yoder, AD and Yang, Z},
Title = {Estimation of species divergence times in presence of
cross-species gene flow.},
Journal = {Systematic biology},
Volume = {72},
Number = {4},
Pages = {820-836},
Year = {2023},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syad015},
Abstract = {Cross-species introgression can have significant impacts on
phylogenomic reconstruction of species divergence events.
Here, we used simulations to show how the presence of even a
small amount of introgression can bias divergence time
estimates when gene flow is ignored in the analysis. Using
advances in analytical methods under the multispecies
coalescent (MSC) model, we demonstrate that by accounting
for incomplete lineage sorting and introgression using large
phylogenomic data sets this problem can be avoided. The
multispecies-coalescent-with-introgression (MSci) model is
capable of accurately estimating both divergence times and
ancestral effective population sizes, even when only a
single diploid individual per species is sampled. We
characterize some general expectations for biases in
divergence time estimation under three different scenarios:
1) introgression between sister species, 2) introgression
between non-sister species, and 3) introgression from an
unsampled (i.e., ghost) outgroup lineage. We also conducted
simulations under the isolation-with-migration (IM) model
and found that the MSci model assuming episodic gene flow
was able to accurately estimate species divergence times
despite high levels of continuous gene flow. We estimated
divergence times under the MSC and MSci models from two
published empirical datasets with previous evidence of
introgression, one of 372 target-enrichment loci from
baobabs (Adansonia), and another of 1000 transcriptome loci
from 14 species of the tomato relative, Jaltomata. The
empirical analyses not only confirm our findings from
simulations, demonstrating that the MSci model can reliably
estimate divergence times but also show that divergence time
estimation under the MSC can be robust to the presence of
small amounts of introgression in empirical datasets with
extensive taxon sampling. [divergence time; gene flow;
hybridization; introgression; MSci model; multispecies
coalescent].},
Doi = {10.1093/sysbio/syad015},
Key = {fds372243}
}
@article{fds373354,
Author = {Paietta, EN and Kraberger, S and Custer, JM and Vargas, KL and Espy, C and Ehmke, E and Yoder, AD and Varsani, A},
Title = {Characterization of Diverse Anelloviruses, Cressdnaviruses,
and Bacteriophages in the Human Oral DNA Virome from North
Carolina (USA).},
Journal = {Viruses},
Volume = {15},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1821},
Year = {2023},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15091821},
Abstract = {The diversity of viruses identified from the various niches
of the human oral cavity-from saliva to dental plaques to
the surface of the tongue-has accelerated in the age of
metagenomics. This rapid expansion demonstrates that our
understanding of oral viral diversity is incomplete, with
only a few studies utilizing passive drool collection in
conjunction with metagenomic sequencing methods. For this
pilot study, we obtained 14 samples from healthy staff
members working at the Duke Lemur Center (Durham, NC, USA)
to determine the viral diversity that can be identified in
passive drool samples from humans. The complete genomes of 3
anelloviruses, 9 cressdnaviruses, 4 <i>Caudoviricetes</i>
large bacteriophages, 29 microviruses, and 19 inoviruses
were identified in this study using high-throughput
sequencing and viral metagenomic workflows. The results
presented here expand our understanding of the
vertebrate-infecting and microbe-infecting viral diversity
of the human oral virome in North Carolina
(USA).},
Doi = {10.3390/v15091821},
Key = {fds373354}
}
@article{fds371579,
Author = {van Elst, T and Schüßler, D and Rakotondravony, R and Rovanirina,
VST and Veillet, A and Hohenlohe, PA and Ratsimbazafy, JH and Rasoloarison, RM and Rasoloharijaona, S and Randrianambinina, B and Ramilison, ML and Yoder, AD and Louis, EE and Radespiel,
U},
Title = {Diversification processes in Gerp's mouse lemur demonstrate
the importance of rivers and altitude as biogeographic
barriers in Madagascar's humid rainforests.},
Journal = {Ecology and evolution},
Volume = {13},
Number = {7},
Pages = {e10254},
Year = {2023},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10254},
Abstract = {Madagascar exhibits exceptionally high levels of
biodiversity and endemism. Models to explain the
diversification and distribution of species in Madagascar
stress the importance of historical variability in climate
conditions which may have led to the formation of geographic
barriers by changing water and habitat availability. The
relative importance of these models for the diversification
of the various forest-adapted taxa of Madagascar has yet to
be understood. Here, we reconstructed the phylogeographic
history of Gerp's mouse lemur (<i>Microcebus gerpi</i>) to
identify relevant mechanisms and drivers of diversification
in Madagascar's humid rainforests. We used restriction site
associated DNA (RAD) markers and applied population genomic
and coalescent-based techniques to estimate genetic
diversity, population structure, gene flow and divergence
times among <i>M. gerpi</i> populations and its two sister
species <i>M. jollyae</i> and <i>M. marohita</i>.
Genomic results were complemented with ecological niche
models to better understand the relative barrier function of
rivers and altitude. We show that <i>M. gerpi</i>
diversified during the late Pleistocene. The inferred
ecological niche, patterns of gene flow and genetic
differentiation in <i>M. gerpi</i> suggest that the
potential for rivers to act as biogeographic barriers
depended on both size and elevation of headwaters.
Populations on opposite sides of the largest river in the
area with headwaters that extend far into the highlands show
particularly high genetic differentiation, whereas rivers
with lower elevation headwaters have weaker barrier
functions, indicated by higher migration rates and
admixture. We conclude that <i>M. gerpi</i> likely
diversified through repeated cycles of dispersal punctuated
by isolation to refugia as a result of paleoclimatic
fluctuations during the Pleistocene. We argue that this
diversification scenario serves as a model of
diversification for other rainforest taxa that are similarly
limited by geographic factors. In addition, we highlight
conservation implications for this critically endangered
species, which faces extreme habitat loss and
fragmentation.},
Doi = {10.1002/ece3.10254},
Key = {fds371579}
}
@article{fds371107,
Author = {Shao, Y and Zhou, L and Li, F and Zhao, L and Zhang, B-L and Shao, F and Chen,
J-W and Chen, C-Y and Bi, X and Zhuang, X-L and Zhu, H-L and Hu, J and Sun, Z and Li, X and Wang, D and Rivas-González, I and Wang, S and Wang, Y-M and Chen, W and Li, G and Lu, H-M and Liu, Y and Kuderna, LFK and Farh, KK-H and Fan, P-F and Yu, L and Li, M and Liu, Z-J and Tiley, GP and Yoder, AD and Roos, C and Hayakawa, T and Marques-Bonet, T and Rogers, J and Stenson,
PD and Cooper, DN and Schierup, MH and Yao, Y-G and Zhang, Y-P and Wang, W and Qi, X-G and Zhang, G and Wu, D-D},
Title = {Phylogenomic analyses provide insights into primate
evolution.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {380},
Number = {6648},
Pages = {913-924},
Year = {2023},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abn6919},
Abstract = {Comparative analysis of primate genomes within a
phylogenetic context is essential for understanding the
evolution of human genetic architecture and primate
diversity. We present such a study of 50 primate species
spanning 38 genera and 14 families, including 27 genomes
first reported here, with many from previously less well
represented groups, the New World monkeys and the
Strepsirrhini. Our analyses reveal heterogeneous rates of
genomic rearrangement and gene evolution across primate
lineages. Thousands of genes under positive selection in
different lineages play roles in the nervous, skeletal, and
digestive systems and may have contributed to primate
innovations and adaptations. Our study reveals that many key
genomic innovations occurred in the Simiiformes ancestral
node and may have had an impact on the adaptive radiation of
the Simiiformes and human evolution.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.abn6919},
Key = {fds371107}
}
@article{fds368497,
Author = {Paietta, EN and Kraberger, S and Custer, JM and Vargas, KL and Van
Doorslaer, K and Yoder, AD and Varsani, A},
Title = {Identification of diverse papillomaviruses in captive
black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata).},
Journal = {Archives of virology},
Volume = {168},
Number = {1},
Pages = {13},
Year = {2022},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-022-05679-1},
Abstract = {Papillomaviruses (PVs) are host-species-specific and
tissue-specific viruses that infect a diverse array of
vertebrate hosts, including humans and non-human primates,
with varying pathogenic outcomes. Although primate PVs have
been studied extensively, no complete genome sequences of
PVs from lemurs have been determined to date. Saliva samples
from three critically endangered, captive black-and-white
ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata variegata) at the Duke
Lemur Center (USA) were analyzed, using high-throughput
sequencing, for the presence of oral papillomaviruses. We
identified three PVs from two individuals, one of which had
a coinfection with two different PVs. Two of the three PVs
share 99.6% nucleotide sequence identity, and we have named
these isolates "Varecia variegata papillomavirus 1"
(VavPV1). The third PV shares ~63% nucleotide sequence
identity with VavPV1, and thus, we have named it "Varecia
variegata papillomavirus 2" (VavPV2). Based on their
E1 + E2 + L1 protein sequence phylogeny, the VavPVs form
a distinct clade. This clade likely represents a novel
genus, with VavPV1 and VavPV2 belonging to two distinct
species. Our findings represent the first complete genome
sequences of PVs found in lemuriform primates, with their
presence suggesting the potential existence of diverse PVs
across the over 100 species of lemurs.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00705-022-05679-1},
Key = {fds368497}
}
@article{fds368034,
Author = {Teixeira, H and van Elst, T and Ramsay, MS and Rakotondravony, R and Salmona, J and Yoder, AD and Radespiel, U},
Title = {Retraction: Teixeira et al. RADseq Data Suggest Occasional
Hybridization between Microcebus murinus and M.
ravelobensis in Northwestern Madagascar. Genes
2022, 13, 913.},
Journal = {Genes},
Volume = {13},
Number = {11},
Pages = {2146},
Year = {2022},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13112146},
Abstract = {The published article [...].},
Doi = {10.3390/genes13112146},
Key = {fds368034}
}
@article{fds364353,
Author = {Tiley, GP and van Elst, T and Teixeira, H and Schüßler, D and Salmona,
J and Blanco, MB and Ralison, JM and Randrianambinina, B and Rasoloarison, RM and Stahlke, AR and Hohenlohe, PA and Chikhi, L and Louis, EE and Radespiel, U and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Population genomic structure in Goodman's mouse lemur
reveals long-standing separation of Madagascar's Central
Highlands and eastern rainforests.},
Journal = {Molecular ecology},
Volume = {31},
Number = {19},
Pages = {4901-4918},
Year = {2022},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.16632},
Abstract = {Madagascar's Central Highlands are largely composed of
grasslands, interspersed with patches of forest. The
historical perspective was that Madagascar's grasslands had
anthropogenic origins, but emerging evidence suggests that
grasslands were a component of the pre-human Central
Highlands vegetation. Consequently, there is now vigorous
debate regarding the extent to which these grasslands have
expanded due to anthropogenic pressures. Here, we shed light
on the temporal dynamics of Madagascar's vegetative
composition by conducting a population genomic investigation
of Goodman's mouse lemur (Microcebus lehilahytsara;
Cheirogaleidae). These small-bodied primates occur both in
Madagascar's eastern rainforests and in the Central
Highlands, making them a valuable indicator species.
Population divergences among forest-dwelling mammals will
reflect changes to their habitat, including fragmentation,
whereas patterns of post-divergence gene flow can reveal
formerly wooded migration corridors. To explore these
patterns, we used RADseq data to infer population genetic
structure, demographic models of post-divergence gene flow,
and population size change through time. The results offer
evidence that open habitats are an ancient component of the
Central Highlands, and that widespread forest fragmentation
occurred naturally during a period of decreased
precipitation near the last glacial maximum. Models of gene
flow suggest that migration across the Central Highlands has
been possible from the Pleistocene through the recent
Holocene via riparian corridors. Though our findings support
the hypothesis that Central Highland grasslands predate
human arrival, we also find evidence for human-mediated
population declines. This highlights the extent to which
species imminently threatened by human-mediated
deforestation may already be vulnerable from paleoclimatic
conditions.},
Doi = {10.1111/mec.16632},
Key = {fds364353}
}
@article{fds364261,
Author = {Greene, LK and Andriambeloson, J-B and Rasoanaivo, HA and Yoder, AD and Blanco, MB},
Title = {Variation in gut microbiome structure across the annual
hibernation cycle in a wild primate.},
Journal = {FEMS microbiology ecology},
Volume = {98},
Number = {7},
Pages = {fiac070},
Year = {2022},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiac070},
Abstract = {The gut microbiome can mediate host metabolism, including
facilitating energy-saving strategies like hibernation. The
dwarf lemurs of Madagascar (Cheirogaleus spp.) are the only
obligate hibernators among primates. They also hibernate in
the subtropics, and unlike temperate hibernators, fatten by
converting fruit sugars to lipid deposits, torpor at
relatively warm temperatures, and forage for a generalized
diet after emergence. Despite these ecological differences,
we might expect hibernation to shape the gut microbiome in
similar ways across mammals. We, therefore, compare gut
microbiome profiles, determined by amplicon sequencing of
rectal swabs, in wild furry-eared dwarf lemurs (C.
crossleyi) during fattening, hibernation, and after
emergence. The dwarf lemurs exhibited reduced gut microbial
diversity during fattening, intermediate diversity and
increased community homogenization during hibernation, and
greatest diversity after emergence. The Mycoplasma genus was
enriched during fattening, whereas the Aerococcaceae and
Actinomycetaceae families, and not Akkermansia, bloomed
during hibernation. As expected, the dwarf lemurs showed
seasonal reconfigurations of the gut microbiome; however,
the patterns of microbial diversity diverged from temperate
hibernators, and better resembled the shifts associated with
dietary fruits and sugars in primates and model organisms.
Our results thus highlight the potential for dwarf lemurs to
probe microbiome-mediated metabolism in primates under
contrasting conditions.},
Doi = {10.1093/femsec/fiac070},
Key = {fds364261}
}
@article{fds364022,
Author = {Teixeira, H and van Elst, T and Ramsay, MS and Rakotondravony, R and Salmona, J and Yoder, AD and Radespiel, U},
Title = {RADseq Data Suggest Occasional Hybridization between
Microcebus murinus and M. ravelobensis in
Northwestern Madagascar.},
Journal = {Genes},
Volume = {13},
Number = {5},
Pages = {913},
Year = {2022},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13050913},
Abstract = {The occurrence of natural hybridization has been reported in
a wide range of organisms, including primates. The present
study focuses on the endemic lemurs of Madagascar, primates
for which only a few species occur in sympatry or parapatry
with congeners, thereby creating limited opportunity for
natural hybridization. This study examines RADseq data from
480 individuals to investigate whether the recent expansion
of <i>Microcebus murinus</i> towards the northwest and
subsequent secondary contact with <i>Microcebus
ravelobensis</i> has resulted in the occurrence of
hybridization between the two species. Admixture analysis
identified one individual with 26% of nuclear admixture,
which may correspond to an F2- or F3-hybrid. A
composite-likelihood approach was subsequently used to test
the fit of alternative phylogeographic scenarios to the
genomic data and to date introgression. The simulations
yielded support for low levels of gene flow (2Nm0 = 0.063)
between the two species starting before the Last Glacial
Maximum (between 54 and 142 kyr). Since <i>M. murinus</i>
most likely colonized northwestern Madagascar during the
Late Pleistocene, the rather recent secondary contact with
<i>M. ravelobensis</i> has likely created the opportunity
for occasional hybridization. Although reproductive
isolation between these distantly related congeners is not
complete, it is effective in maintaining species
boundaries.},
Doi = {10.3390/genes13050913},
Key = {fds364022}
}
@article{fds361791,
Author = {Blanco, MB and Greene, LK and Klopfer, PH and Lynch, D and Browning, J and Ehmke, EE and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Body Mass and Tail Girth Predict Hibernation Expression in
Captive Dwarf Lemurs.},
Journal = {Physiological and biochemical zoology : PBZ},
Volume = {95},
Number = {2},
Pages = {122-129},
Year = {2022},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/718222},
Abstract = {AbstractHibernation, a metabolic strategy, allows
individuals to reduce energetic demands in times of
energetic deficits. Hibernation is pervasive in nature,
occurring in all major mammalian lineages and geographical
regions; however, its expression is variable across species,
populations, and individuals, suggesting that trade-offs are
at play. Whereas hibernation reduces energy expenditure,
energetically expensive arousals may impose physiological
burdens. The torpor optimization hypothesis posits that
hibernation should be expressed according to energy
availability. The greater the energy surplus, the lower the
hibernation output. The thrifty female hypothesis, a
variation of the torpor optimization hypothesis, states that
females should conserve more energy because of their more
substantial reproductive costs. Contrarily, if hibernation's
benefits offset its costs, hibernation may be maximized
rather than optimized (e.g., hibernators with greater fat
reserves could afford to hibernate longer). We assessed
torpor expression in captive dwarf lemurs, primates that are
obligate, seasonal, and tropical hibernators. Across 4.5 mo
in winter, we subjected eight individuals at the Duke Lemur
Center to conditions conducive to hibernation, recorded
estimates of skin temperature hourly (a proxy for torpor),
and determined body mass and tail fat reserves bimonthly.
Across and between consecutive weigh-ins, heavier dwarf
lemurs spent less time in torpor and lost more body mass. At
equivalent body mass, females spent more time torpid and
better conserved energy than did males. Although
preliminary, our results support the torpor optimization and
thrifty female hypotheses, suggesting that individuals
optimize rather than maximize torpor according to body mass.
These patterns are consistent with hibernation phenology in
Madagascar, where dwarf lemurs hibernate longer in more
seasonal habitats.},
Doi = {10.1086/718222},
Key = {fds361791}
}
@article{fds362076,
Author = {Wu, D-D and Qi, X-G and Yu, L and Li, M and Liu, Z-J and Yoder, AD and Roos,
C and Hayakawa, T and Rogers, J and Marques-Bonet, T and Su, B and Yao,
Y-G and Zhang, Y-P and Zhang, G},
Title = {Initiation of the Primate Genome Project.},
Journal = {Zoological research},
Volume = {43},
Number = {2},
Pages = {147-149},
Year = {2022},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.001},
Doi = {10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.001},
Key = {fds362076}
}
@article{fds362541,
Author = {Lewin, HA and Richards, S and Lieberman Aiden and E and Allende, ML and Archibald, JM and Bálint, M and Barker, KB and Baumgartner, B and Belov, K and Bertorelle, G and Blaxter, ML and Cai, J and Caperello, ND and Carlson, K and Castilla-Rubio, JC and Chaw, S-M and Chen, L and Childers, AK and Coddington, JA and Conde, DA and Corominas, M and Crandall, KA and Crawford, AJ and DiPalma, F and Durbin, R and Ebenezer,
TE and Edwards, SV and Fedrigo, O and Flicek, P and Formenti, G and Gibbs,
RA and Gilbert, MTP and Goldstein, MM and Graves, JM and Greely, HT and Grigoriev, IV and Hackett, KJ and Hall, N and Haussler, D and Helgen,
KM and Hogg, CJ and Isobe, S and Jakobsen, KS and Janke, A and Jarvis, ED and Johnson, WE and Jones, SJM and Karlsson, EK and Kersey, PJ and Kim, J-H and Kress, WJ and Kuraku, S and Lawniczak, MKN and Leebens-Mack, JH and Li,
X and Lindblad-Toh, K and Liu, X and Lopez, JV and Marques-Bonet, T and Mazard, S and Mazet, JAK and Mazzoni, CJ and Myers, EW and O'Neill, RJ and Paez, S and Park, H and Robinson, GE and Roquet, C and Ryder, OA and Sabir,
JSM and Shaffer, HB and Shank, TM and Sherkow, JS and Soltis, PS and Tang,
B and Tedersoo, L and Uliano-Silva, M and Wang, K and Wei, X and Wetzer, R and Wilson, JL and Xu, X and Yang, H and Yoder, AD and Zhang,
G},
Title = {The Earth BioGenome Project 2020: Starting the
clock.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {119},
Number = {4},
Pages = {e2115635118},
Year = {2022},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115635118},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2115635118},
Key = {fds362541}
}
@article{fds362564,
Author = {Bergeron, LA and Besenbacher, S and Turner, T and Versoza, CJ and Wang,
RJ and Price, AL and Armstrong, E and Riera, M and Carlson, J and Chen,
H-Y and Hahn, MW and Harris, K and Kleppe, AS and López-Nandam, EH and Moorjani, P and Pfeifer, SP and Tiley, GP and Yoder, AD and Zhang, G and Schierup, MH},
Title = {The Mutationathon highlights the importance of reaching
standardization in estimates of pedigree-based germline
mutation rates.},
Journal = {eLife},
Volume = {11},
Pages = {e73577},
Year = {2022},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.73577},
Abstract = {In the past decade, several studies have estimated the human
per-generation germline mutation rate using large pedigrees.
More recently, estimates for various nonhuman species have
been published. However, methodological differences among
studies in detecting germline mutations and estimating
mutation rates make direct comparisons difficult. Here, we
describe the many different steps involved in estimating
pedigree-based mutation rates, including sampling,
sequencing, mapping, variant calling, filtering, and
appropriately accounting for false-positive and
false-negative rates. For each step, we review the different
methods and parameter choices that have been used in the
recent literature. Additionally, we present the results from
a 'Mutationathon,' a competition organized among five
research labs to compare germline mutation rate estimates
for a single pedigree of rhesus macaques. We report almost a
twofold variation in the final estimated rate among groups
using different post-alignment processing, calling, and
filtering criteria, and provide details into the sources of
variation across studies. Though the difference among
estimates is not statistically significant, this discrepancy
emphasizes the need for standardized methods in mutation
rate estimations and the difficulty in comparing rates from
different studies. Finally, this work aims to provide
guidelines for computational and statistical benchmarks for
future studies interested in identifying germline mutations
from pedigrees.},
Doi = {10.7554/elife.73577},
Key = {fds362564}
}
@article{fds359806,
Author = {Greene, LK and Rambeloson, E and Rasoanaivo, HA and Foss, ED and Yoder,
AD and Drea, CM and Blanco, MB},
Title = {Gut Microbial Diversity and Ecological Specialization in
Four Sympatric Lemur Species Under Lean Conditions},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {42},
Number = {6},
Pages = {961-979},
Year = {2021},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-021-00257-9},
Abstract = {The gut microbiome is gaining recognition for its role in
primate nutrition, but we stand to benefit from microbiome
comparisons across diverse hosts and environmental
conditions. We compared gut microbiome structure in four
lemur species from four phylogenetic lineages, including 9
individual mouse lemurs (Microcebus danfossi), 6 brown
lemurs (Eulemur fulvus), 20 sifakas (Propithecus coquereli),
and a single sportive lemur (Lepilemur grewcockorum). In
northwestern Madagascar, these species are sympatric, but
use different feeding strategies to cope with environmental
challenges, including relying on tree gums and insects
(mouse lemurs), and some vs. significant leaf matter (brown
lemurs vs. sifakas and sportive lemurs). From one fecal
sample collected per lemur in the dry season in the Anjajavy
Forest, we determined gut microbiome diversity, variability,
and membership via 16S rRNA sequencing. The lemurs harbored
strongly species-specific gut microbiomes. Brown lemurs
showed more diverse and generalized consortia; mouse lemurs,
sifakas, and the sportive lemur had less diverse consortia
with more distinct memberships. Consistent with their
fallback foods, mouse lemur microbiomes included taxa
putatively associated with gum and insect digestion, whereas
those of sifakas and the sportive lemur showed stronger and
distinct signatures of leaf fiber and secondary compound
metabolism. These results point to feeding strategy,
intertwined with host phylogeny, as a driver of gut
microbiome composition, but highlight real-time dietary
specificity as a contributing driver of microbiome
diversity. While illuminating how gut microbiomes facilitate
host nutrition on challenging foods, these results help
explain how ecologically diverse primates living in sympatry
may differentially cope with seasonal or stochastic lean
times.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-021-00257-9},
Key = {fds359806}
}
@article{fds357294,
Author = {Yoder, AD and Tiley, GP},
Title = {The challenge and promise of estimating the de novo mutation
rate from whole-genome comparisons among closely related
individuals.},
Journal = {Molecular ecology},
Volume = {30},
Number = {23},
Pages = {6087-6100},
Year = {2021},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.16007},
Abstract = {Germline mutations are the raw material for natural
selection, driving species evolution and the generation of
earth's biodiversity. Without this driver of genetic
diversity, life on earth would stagnate. Yet, it is a
double-edged sword. An excess of mutations can have
devastating effects on fitness and population viability. It
is therefore one of the great challenges of molecular
ecology to determine the rate and mechanisms by which these
mutations accrue across the tree of life. Advances in
high-throughput sequencing technologies are providing new
opportunities for characterizing the rates and mutational
spectra within species and populations thus informing
essential evolutionary parameters such as the timing of
speciation events, the intricacies of historical demography,
and the degree to which lineages are subject to the burdens
of mutational load. Here, we will focus on both the
challenge and promise of whole-genome comparisons among
parents and their offspring from known pedigrees for the
detection of germline mutations as they arise in a single
generation. The potential of these studies is high, but the
field is still in its infancy and much uncertainty remains.
Namely, the technical challenges are daunting given that
pedigree-based genome comparisons are essentially searching
for needles in a haystack given the very low signal to noise
ratio. Despite the challenges, we predict that rapidly
developing methods for whole-genome comparisons hold great
promise for integrating empirically derived estimates of de
novo mutation rates and mutation spectra across many
molecular ecological applications.},
Doi = {10.1111/mec.16007},
Key = {fds357294}
}
@article{fds359289,
Author = {Andriambeloson, J-B and Blanco, MB and Andriantsalohimisantatra,
A and Rivoharison, TV and Walker, N and Birkinshaw, C and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {Living in tiny fragments: a glimpse at the ecology of
Goodman's mouse lemurs (Microcebus lehilahytsara) in the
relic forest of Ankafobe, Central Highlands,
Madagascar.},
Journal = {Primates; journal of primatology},
Volume = {62},
Number = {6},
Pages = {887-896},
Year = {2021},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10329-021-00947-1},
Abstract = {Habitat fragmentation is one of the major types of
anthropogenic change, though fragmented landscapes predate
human intervention. At present, the Central Highlands of
Madagascar are covered by extensive grasslands interspersed
with small discrete forest patches of unknown antiquity.
Ankafobe, an actively protected site, comprises two such
fragments of 12 and 30 ha, respectively, known to harbor
three lemur species and other endemic wildlife. At this
location, we conducted a survey of resident Goodman's mouse
lemurs, Microcebus lehilahytsara, to determine baseline
behavioral and ecological conditions for this isolated
population. By studying primates in forest fragments,
investigators can characterize the effects of shrinking
habitats and decreasing connectivity on species diversity
and survival, thus providing a glimpse into the potential
resilience of species in the face of anthropogenic
disturbance. Investigating the behavioral ecology of
Goodman's mouse lemurs across their geographic range could
help us understand their metabolic and ecological
flexibility and predict species long-term survival
prospects. We conducted night transect walks, using capture
techniques and telemetry, to track eight radio-collared
individuals. Preliminary density estimates based on a
limited number of sightings (n = 18) were 2.19 ind/ha,
and home range assessments ranged between 0.22 and 3.67 ha.
Mouse lemurs traveled an average of 425 m nightly during
the 5-h tracking periods and primarily fed on fruits of the
mistletoe Bakerella clavata. The finding that Goodman's
mouse lemurs apparently thrive in the seasonally cold and
arid forest fragments in the Central Highlands indicates
that they may be among the most tolerant and adaptable lemur
species in Madagascar. These results point towards an
exciting research program that focuses on ecological
tolerance as a mechanism for long-term species
survival.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10329-021-00947-1},
Key = {fds359289}
}
@article{fds359767,
Author = {Guevara, EE and Greene, LK and Blanco, MB and Farmer, C and Ranaivonasy,
J and Ratsirarson, J and Mahefarisoa, KL and Rajaonarivelo, T and Rakotondrainibe, HH and Junge, RE and Williams, CV and Rambeloson, E and Rasoanaivo, HA and Rahalinarivo, V and Andrianandrianina, LH and Clayton, JB and Rothman, RS and Lawler, RR and Bradley, BJ and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {Molecular Adaptation to Folivory and the Conservation
Implications for Madagascar’s Lemurs},
Journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution},
Volume = {9},
Year = {2021},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.736741},
Abstract = {The lemurs of Madagascar include numerous species
characterized by folivory across several families. Many
extant lemuriform folivores exist in sympatry in
Madagascar’s remaining forests. These species avoid
feeding competition by adopting different dietary strategies
within folivory, reflected in behavioral, morphological, and
microbiota diversity across species. These conditions make
lemurs an ideal study system for understanding adaptation to
leaf-eating. Most folivorous lemurs are also highly
endangered. The significance of folivory for conservation
outlook is complex. Though generalist folivores may be
relatively well equipped to survive habitat disturbance,
specialist folivores occupying narrow dietary niches may be
less resilient. Characterizing the genetic bases of
adaptation to folivory across species and lineages can
provide insights into their differential physiology and
potential to resist habitat change. We recently reported
accelerated genetic change in RNASE1, a gene encoding an
enzyme (RNase 1) involved in molecular adaptation in
mammalian folivores, including various monkeys and sifakas
(genus Propithecus; family Indriidae). Here, we sought to
assess whether other lemurs, including phylogenetically and
ecologically diverse folivores, might show parallel adaptive
change in RNASE1 that could underlie a capacity for
efficient folivory. We characterized RNASE1 in 21 lemur
species representing all five families and members of the
three extant folivorous lineages: (1) bamboo lemurs (family
Lemuridae), (2) sportive lemurs (family Lepilemuridae), and
(3) indriids (family Indriidae). We found pervasive sequence
change in RNASE1 across all indriids, a dN/dS value > 3 in
this clade, and evidence for shared change in isoelectric
point, indicating altered enzymatic function. Sportive and
bamboo lemurs, in contrast, showed more modest sequence
change. The greater change in indriids may reflect a shared
strategy emphasizing complex gut morphology and microbiota
to facilitate folivory. This case study illustrates how
genetic analysis may reveal differences in functional traits
that could influence species’ ecology and, in turn, their
resilience to habitat change. Moreover, our results support
the body of work demonstrating that not all primate
folivores are built the same and reiterate the need to avoid
generalizations about dietary guild in considering
conservation outlook, particularly in lemurs where such
diversity in folivory has probably led to extensive
specialization via niche partitioning.},
Doi = {10.3389/fevo.2021.736741},
Key = {fds359767}
}
@article{fds358731,
Author = {Akkose, U and Kaya, VO and Lindsey-Boltz, L and Karagoz, Z and Brown,
AD and Larsen, PA and Yoder, AD and Sancar, A and Adebali,
O},
Title = {Comparative analyses of two primate species diverged by more
than 60 million years show different rates but similar
distribution of genome-wide UV repair events.},
Journal = {BMC genomics},
Volume = {22},
Number = {1},
Pages = {600},
Year = {2021},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07898-3},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Nucleotide excision repair is the primary
DNA repair mechanism that removes bulky DNA adducts such as
UV-induced pyrimidine dimers. Correspondingly, genome-wide
mapping of nucleotide excision repair with eXcision Repair
sequencing (XR-seq), provides comprehensive profiling of DNA
damage repair. A number of XR-seq experiments at a variety
of conditions for different damage types revealed
heterogenous repair in the human genome. Although human
repair profiles were extensively studied, how repair maps
vary between primates is yet to be investigated. Here, we
characterized the genome-wide UV-induced damage repair in
gray mouse lemur, Microcebus murinus, in comparison to
human.<h4>Results</h4>We derived fibroblast cell lines from
mouse lemur, exposed them to UV irradiation, and analyzed
the repair events genome-wide using the XR-seq protocol.
Mouse lemur repair profiles were analyzed in comparison to
the equivalent human fibroblast datasets. We found that
overall UV sensitivity, repair efficiency, and
transcription-coupled repair levels differ between the two
primates. Despite this, comparative analysis of human and
mouse lemur fibroblasts revealed that genome-wide repair
profiles of the homologous regions are highly correlated,
and this correlation is stronger for highly expressed genes.
With the inclusion of an additional XR-seq sample derived
from another human cell line in the analysis, we found that
fibroblasts of the two primates repair UV-induced DNA
lesions in a more similar pattern than two distinct human
cell lines do.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Our results suggest that
mouse lemurs and humans, and possibly primates in general,
share a homologous repair mechanism as well as genomic
variance distribution, albeit with their variable repair
efficiency. This result also emphasizes the deep homologies
of individual tissue types across the eukaryotic
phylogeny.},
Doi = {10.1186/s12864-021-07898-3},
Key = {fds358731}
}
@article{fds357899,
Author = {Campbell, CR and Tiley, GP and Poelstra, JW and Hunnicutt, KE and Larsen, PA and Lee, H-J and Thorne, JL and Dos Reis and M and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {Pedigree-based and phylogenetic methods support surprising
patterns of mutation rate and spectrum in the gray mouse
lemur.},
Journal = {Heredity},
Volume = {127},
Number = {2},
Pages = {233-244},
Year = {2021},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41437-021-00446-5},
Abstract = {Mutations are the raw material on which evolution acts, and
knowledge of their frequency and genomic distribution is
crucial for understanding how evolution operates at both
long and short timescales. At present, the rate and spectrum
of de novo mutations have been directly characterized in
relatively few lineages. Our study provides the first direct
mutation-rate estimate for a strepsirrhine (i.e., the lemurs
and lorises), which comprises nearly half of the primate
clade. Using high-coverage linked-read sequencing for a
focal quartet of gray mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus), we
estimated the mutation rate to be among the highest
calculated for a mammal at 1.52 × 10<sup>-8</sup> (95%
credible interval: 1.28 × 10<sup>-8</sup>-1.78 × 10<sup>-8</sup>)
mutations/site/generation. Further, we found an unexpectedly
low count of paternal mutations, and only a modest
overrepresentation of mutations at CpG sites. Despite the
surprising nature of these results, we found both the rate
and spectrum to be robust to the manipulation of a wide
range of computational filtering criteria. We also sequenced
a technical replicate to estimate a false-negative and
false-positive rate for our data and show that any point
estimate of a de novo mutation rate should be considered
with a large degree of uncertainty. For validation, we
conducted an independent analysis of context-dependent
substitution types for gray mouse lemur and five additional
primate species for which de novo mutation rates have also
been estimated. These comparisons revealed general
consistency of the mutation spectrum between the
pedigree-based and the substitution-rate analyses for all
species compared.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41437-021-00446-5},
Key = {fds357899}
}
@article{fds357532,
Author = {Marciniak, S and Mughal, MR and Godfrey, LR and Bankoff, RJ and Randrianatoandro, H and Crowley, BE and Bergey, CM and Muldoon, KM and Randrianasy, J and Raharivololona, BM and Schuster, SC and Malhi, RS and Yoder, AD and Louis, EE and Kistler, L and Perry,
GH},
Title = {Evolutionary and phylogenetic insights from a nuclear genome
sequence of the extinct, giant, "subfossil" koala lemur
Megaladapis edwardsi.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {118},
Number = {26},
Pages = {e2022117118},
Year = {2021},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022117118},
Abstract = {No endemic Madagascar animal with body mass >10 kg survived
a relatively recent wave of extinction on the island. From
morphological and isotopic analyses of skeletal "subfossil"
remains we can reconstruct some of the biology and
behavioral ecology of giant lemurs (primates; up to ∼160
kg) and other extraordinary Malagasy megafauna that survived
into the past millennium. Yet, much about the evolutionary
biology of these now-extinct species remains unknown, along
with persistent phylogenetic uncertainty in some cases.
Thankfully, despite the challenges of DNA preservation in
tropical and subtropical environments, technical advances
have enabled the recovery of ancient DNA from some Malagasy
subfossil specimens. Here, we present a nuclear genome
sequence (∼2× coverage) for one of the largest extinct
lemurs, the koala lemur <i>Megaladapis edwardsi</i> (∼85
kg). To support the testing of key phylogenetic and
evolutionary hypotheses, we also generated high-coverage
nuclear genomes for two extant lemurs, <i>Eulemur
rufifrons</i> and <i>Lepilemur mustelinus</i>, and we
aligned these sequences with previously published genomes
for three other extant lemurs and 47 nonlemur vertebrates.
Our phylogenetic results confirm that <i>Megaladapis</i> is
most closely related to the extant Lemuridae (typified in
our analysis by <i>E. rufifrons</i>) to the exclusion of
<i>L. mustelinus</i>, which contradicts morphology-based
phylogenies. Our evolutionary analyses identified
significant convergent evolution between <i>M. edwardsi</i>
and an extant folivore (a colobine monkey) and an herbivore
(horse) in genes encoding proteins that function in plant
toxin biodegradation and nutrient absorption. These results
suggest that koala lemurs were highly adapted to a
leaf-based diet, which may also explain their convergent
craniodental morphology with the small-bodied folivore
<i>Lepilemur</i>.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2022117118},
Key = {fds357532}
}
@article{fds356167,
Author = {Guevara, EE and Webster, TH and Lawler, RR and Bradley, BJ and Greene,
LK and Ranaivonasy, J and Ratsirarson, J and Harris, RA and Liu, Y and Murali, S and Raveendran, M and Hughes, DST and Muzny, DM and Yoder, AD and Worley, KC and Rogers, J},
Title = {Comparative genomic analysis of sifakas (Propithecus)
reveals selection for folivory and high heterozygosity
despite endangered status.},
Journal = {Science advances},
Volume = {7},
Number = {17},
Pages = {eabd2274},
Year = {2021},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd2274},
Abstract = {Sifakas (genus <i>Propithecus</i>) are critically
endangered, large-bodied diurnal lemurs that eat leaf-based
diets and show corresponding anatomical and microbial
adaptations to folivory. We report on the genome assembly of
Coquerel's sifaka (<i>P. coquereli</i>) and the resequenced
genomes of Verreaux's (<i>P. verreauxi</i>), the
golden-crowned (<i>P. tattersalli</i>), and the diademed
(<i>P. diadema</i>) sifakas. We find high heterozygosity in
all sifakas compared with other primates and endangered
mammals. Demographic reconstructions nevertheless suggest
declines in effective population size beginning before human
arrival on Madagascar. Comparative genomic analyses indicate
pervasive accelerated evolution in the ancestral sifaka
lineage affecting genes in several complementary pathways
relevant to folivory, including nutrient absorption and
xenobiotic and fatty acid metabolism. Sifakas show
convergent evolution at the level of the pathway, gene
family, gene, and amino acid substitution with other
folivores. Although sifakas have relatively generalized
diets, the physiological challenges of habitual folivory
likely led to strong selection.},
Doi = {10.1126/sciadv.abd2274},
Key = {fds356167}
}
@article{fds355541,
Author = {Poelstra, JW and Salmona, J and Tiley, GP and Schüßler, D and Blanco,
MB and Andriambeloson, JB and Bouchez, O and Campbell, CR and Etter, PD and Hohenlohe, PA and Hunnicutt, KE and Iribar, A and Johnson, EA and Kappeler, PM and Larsen, PA and Manzi, S and Ralison, JM and Randrianambinina, B and Rasoloarison, RM and Rasolofoson, DW and Stahlke, AR and Weisrock, DW and Williams, RC and Chikhi, L and Louis,
EE and Radespiel, U and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Cryptic Patterns of Speciation in Cryptic Primates:
Microendemic Mouse Lemurs and the Multispecies
Coalescent.},
Journal = {Systematic biology},
Volume = {70},
Number = {2},
Pages = {203-218},
Year = {2021},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa053},
Abstract = {Mouse lemurs (Microcebus) are a radiation of morphologically
cryptic primates distributed throughout Madagascar for which
the number of recognized species has exploded in the past
two decades. This taxonomic revision has prompted
understandable concern that there has been substantial
oversplitting in the mouse lemur clade. Here, we investigate
mouse lemur diversity in a region in northeastern Madagascar
with high levels of microendemism and predicted habitat
loss. We analyzed RADseq data with multispecies coalescent
(MSC) species delimitation methods for two pairs of sister
lineages that include three named species and an undescribed
lineage previously identified to have divergent mtDNA.
Marked differences in effective population sizes, levels of
gene flow, patterns of isolation-by-distance, and species
delimitation results were found among the two pairs of
lineages. Whereas all tests support the recognition of the
presently undescribed lineage as a separate species, the
species-level distinction of two previously described
species, M. mittermeieri and M. lehilahytsara is not
supported-a result that is particularly striking when using
the genealogical discordance index (gdi). Nonsister lineages
occur sympatrically in two of the localities sampled for
this study, despite an estimated divergence time of less
than 1 Ma. This suggests rapid evolution of reproductive
isolation in the focal lineages and in the mouse lemur clade
generally. The divergence time estimates reported here are
based on the MSC calibrated with pedigree-based mutation
rates and are considerably more recent than previously
published fossil-calibrated relaxed-clock estimates. We
discuss the possible explanations for this discrepancy,
noting that there are theoretical justifications for
preferring the MSC estimates in this case. [Cryptic species;
effective population size; microendemism; multispecies
coalescent; speciation; species delimitation.].},
Doi = {10.1093/sysbio/syaa053},
Key = {fds355541}
}
@article{fds364354,
Author = {Poelstra, J and Montero, K and Lüdemann, J and Yang, Z and Rakotondranary, J and Hohenlohe, P and Stetter, N and Ganzhorn, J and Yoder, A},
Title = {RADseq data reveal a lack of admixture in a mouse lemur
contact zone contrary to previous microsatellite
results},
Volume = {289},
Number = {1980},
Pages = {20220596},
Booktitle = {bioRxiv},
Year = {2021},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.12.455854},
Abstract = {Microsatellites have been a workhorse of evolutionary
genetic studies for decades and are still commonly in use
for estimating signatures of genetic diversity at the
population and species level across a multitude of taxa.
Yet, the very high mutation rate of these loci is a
double-edged sword, conferring great sensitivity at shallow
levels of analysis (e.g. paternity analysis) but yielding
considerable uncertainty for deeper evolutionary
comparisons. For the present study, we used reduced
representation genome-wide data (restriction site-associated
DNA sequencing (RADseq)) to test for patterns of
interspecific hybridization previously characterized using
microsatellite data in a contact zone between two closely
related mouse lemur species in Madagascar (<i>Microcebus
murinus</i> and <i>Microcebus griseorufus</i>). We revisit
this system by examining populations in, near, and far from
the contact zone, including many of the same individuals
that had previously been identified as hybrids with
microsatellite data. Surprisingly, we find no evidence for
admixed nuclear ancestry. Instead, re-analyses of
microsatellite data and simulations suggest that previously
inferred hybrids were false positives and that the program
NewHybrids can be particularly sensitive to erroneously
inferring hybrid ancestry. Combined with results from
coalescent-based analyses and evidence for local syntopic
co-occurrence, we conclude that the two mouse lemur species
are in fact completely reproductively isolated, thus
providing a new understanding of the evolutionary rate
whereby reproductive isolation can be achieved in a
primate.},
Doi = {10.1101/2021.08.12.455854},
Key = {fds364354}
}
@article{fds364355,
Author = {Yoder, A and Tiley, G},
Title = {Are pedigree-based mutation rates the Rosetta Stone of
molecular ecology? Promises and pitfalls of whole genome
comparisons among closely related individuals.},
Booktitle = {Authorea Preprints},
Year = {2021},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.22541/au.161133354.42332655/v1},
Doi = {10.22541/au.161133354.42332655/v1},
Key = {fds364355}
}
@article{fds350852,
Author = {Tiley, GP and Poelstra, JW and Dos Reis and M and Yang, Z and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {Molecular Clocks without Rocks: New Solutions for Old
Problems.},
Journal = {Trends in genetics : TIG},
Volume = {36},
Number = {11},
Pages = {845-856},
Year = {2020},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2020.06.002},
Abstract = {Molecular data have been used to date species divergences
ever since they were described as documents of evolutionary
history in the 1960s. Yet, an inadequate fossil record and
discordance between gene trees and species trees are
persistently problematic. We examine how, by accommodating
gene tree discordance and by scaling branch lengths to
absolute time using mutation rate and generation time,
multispecies coalescent (MSC) methods can potentially
overcome these challenges. We find that time estimates can
differ - in some cases, substantially - depending on whether
MSC methods or traditional phylogenetic methods that apply
concatenation are used, and whether the tree is calibrated
with pedigree-based mutation rates or with fossils. We
discuss the advantages and shortcomings of both approaches
and provide practical guidance for data analysis when using
these methods.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tig.2020.06.002},
Key = {fds350852}
}
@article{fds351425,
Author = {Blanco, MB and Greene, LK and Rasambainarivo, F and Toomey, E and Williams, RC and Andrianandrasana, L and Larsen, PA and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {Next-generation technologies applied to age-old challenges
in Madagascar},
Journal = {Conservation Genetics},
Volume = {21},
Number = {5},
Pages = {785-793},
Year = {2020},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-020-01296-0},
Abstract = {Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot that is facing rapid
rates of deforestation, habitat destruction, and poverty.
Urgent action is required to document the status of
biodiversity to facilitate efficacious conservation plans.
With the recent advent of portable and affordable genetic
technologies, it is now possible to take genomic approaches
out of the lab and into the field. Mobile genetics labs can
produce scientifically reproducible data under field
conditions, dramatically minimizing the time between sample
collection and data analysis. Here, we show “proof of
concept” by deploying miniPCR bio’s miniaturized thermal
cycler alongside Oxford Nanopore’s MinION DNA sequencer in
Madagascar. Specifically, we deployed this technology at
Anjajavy, northwestern Madagascar for rapid biodiversity
assessment. We successfully extracted mouse lemur DNA,
amplified and sequenced a phylogenetically informative
mitochondrial gene (cytochrome-b; cytb), and thereby
confirmed the presence of Danfoss’ mouse lemur (M.
danfossi) within the Anjajavy Reserve. We show that a
mobile genetics lab can provide expeditious results, and
allow scientists to conduct genetic analyses, potentially
allowing for rapid interventions under emergency
conditions in situ. Additionally, mobile labs offer
powerful training opportunities for in-country scientists
for whom training opportunities were previously confined to
ex-situ locations. By bringing genomic technologies to
Madagascar and other economically challenged and biodiverse
regions of the world, the next generation of scientists and
conservationists can more fully implement their leadership
roles. Local laboratory and training facilities are changing
the polarity of research programs in Madagascar and
empowering national researchers to take charge of
environmental stewardship.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10592-020-01296-0},
Key = {fds351425}
}
@article{fds351180,
Author = {Schüßler, D and Blanco, MB and Salmona, J and Poelstra, J and Andriambeloson, JB and Miller, A and Randrianambinina, B and Rasolofoson, DW and Mantilla-Contreras, J and Chikhi, L and Louis,
EE and Yoder, AD and Radespiel, U},
Title = {Ecology and morphology of mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) in
a hotspot of microendemism in northeastern Madagascar, with
the description of a new species.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {82},
Number = {9},
Pages = {e23180},
Year = {2020},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.23180},
Abstract = {Delimitation of cryptic species is increasingly based on
genetic analyses but the integration of distributional,
morphological, behavioral, and ecological data offers unique
complementary insights into species diversification. We
surveyed communities of nocturnal mouse lemurs (Microcebus
spp.) in five different sites of northeastern Madagascar,
measuring a variety of morphological parameters and
assessing reproductive states for 123 individuals belonging
to five different lineages. We documented two different
non-sister lineages occurring in sympatry in two areas. In
both cases, sympatric species pairs consisted of a locally
restricted (M. macarthurii or M. sp. #3) and a more
widespread lineage (M. mittermeieri or M. lehilahytsara).
Estimated Extents of Occurrence (EOO) of these lineages
differed remarkably with 560 and 1,500 km<sup>2</sup>
versus 9,250 and 50,700 km<sup>2</sup> , respectively.
Morphometric analyses distinguished unambiguously between
sympatric species and detected more subtle but significant
differences among sister lineages. Tail length and body size
were most informative in this regard. Reproductive schedules
were highly variable among lineages, most likely impacted by
phylogenetic relatedness and environmental variables. While
sympatric species pairs differed in their reproductive
timing (M. sp. #3/M. lehilahytsara and M. macarthurii/M.
mittermeieri), warmer lowland rainforests were associated
with a less seasonal reproductive schedule for M.
mittermeieri and M. lehilahytsara compared with populations
occurring in montane forests. Distributional, morphological,
and ecological data gathered in this study support the
results of genomic species delimitation analyses conducted
in a companion study, which identified one lineage, M. sp.
#3, as meriting formal description as a new species.
Consequently, a formal species description is included.
Worryingly, our data also show that geographically
restricted populations of M. sp. #3 and its sister species
(M. macarthurii) are at high risk of local and perhaps
permanent extinction from both deforestation and habitat
fragmentation.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.23180},
Key = {fds351180}
}
@article{fds357900,
Author = {Kim, A and Rosenberg, NA and Degnan, JH},
Title = {Probabilities of Unranked and Ranked Anomaly Zones under
Birth-Death Models.},
Journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
Volume = {37},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1480-1494},
Year = {2020},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz305},
Abstract = {A labeled gene tree topology that is more probable than the
labeled gene tree topology matching a species tree is called
"anomalous." Species trees that can generate such anomalous
gene trees are said to be in the "anomaly zone." Here,
probabilities of "unranked" and "ranked" gene tree
topologies under the multispecies coalescent are considered.
A ranked tree depicts not only the topological relationship
among gene lineages, as an unranked tree does, but also the
sequence in which the lineages coalesce. In this article, we
study how the parameters of a species tree simulated under a
constant-rate birth-death process can affect the probability
that the species tree lies in the anomaly zone. We find that
with more than five taxa, it is possible for species trees
to have both anomalous unranked and ranked gene trees. The
probability of being in either type of anomaly zone
increases with more taxa. The probability of anomalous gene
trees also increases with higher speciation rates. We
observe that the probabilities of unranked anomaly zones are
higher and grow much faster than those of ranked anomaly
zones as the speciation rate increases. Our simulation shows
that the most probable ranked gene tree is likely to have
the same unranked topology as the species tree. We design
the software PRANC, which computes probabilities of ranked
gene tree topologies given a species tree under the
coalescent model.},
Doi = {10.1093/molbev/msz305},
Key = {fds357900}
}
@article{fds364358,
Author = {Guevara, EE and Webster, TH and Lawler, RR and Bradley, BJ and Ranaivonasy, J and Ratsirarson, J and Harris, RA and Liu, Y and Murali,
SC and Raveendran, M and Hughes, DST and Muzny, DM and Yoder, AD and Worley, KC and Rogers, J},
Title = {Pervasive genomic evidence for adaptation to a leaf-based
diet in sifakas (genus Propithecus)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {171},
Pages = {109-109},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2020},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds364358}
}
@article{fds345858,
Author = {Williams, RC and Blanco, MB and Poelstra, JW and Hunnicutt, KE and Comeault, AA and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Conservation genomic analysis reveals ancient introgression
and declining levels of genetic diversity in Madagascar's
hibernating dwarf lemurs.},
Journal = {Heredity},
Volume = {124},
Number = {1},
Pages = {236-251},
Year = {2020},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41437-019-0260-9},
Abstract = {Madagascar's biodiversity is notoriously threatened by
deforestation and climate change. Many of these organisms
are rare, cryptic, and severely threatened, making
population-level sampling unrealistic. Such is the case with
Madagascar's dwarf lemurs (genus Cheirogaleus), the only
obligate hibernating primate. We here apply comparative
genomic approaches to generate the first genome-wide
estimates of genetic diversity within dwarf lemurs. We
generate a reference genome for the fat-tailed dwarf lemur,
Cheirogaleus medius, and use this resource to facilitate
analyses of high-coverage (~30×) genome sequences for
wild-caught individuals representing species: C. sp. cf.
medius, C. major, C. crossleyi, and C. sibreei. This study
represents the largest contribution to date of novel genomic
resources for Madagascar's lemurs. We find concordant
phylogenetic relationships among the four lineages of
Cheirogaleus across most of the genome, and yet detect a
number of discordant genomic regions consistent with ancient
admixture. We hypothesized that these regions could have
resulted from adaptive introgression related to hibernation,
indeed finding that genes associated with hibernation are
present, though most significantly, that gene ontology
categories relating to transcription are over-represented.
We estimate levels of heterozygosity and find particularly
low levels in an individual sampled from an isolated
population of C. medius that we refer to as C. sp. cf.
medius. Results are consistent with a recent decline in
effective population size, which is evident across species.
Our study highlights the power of comparative genomic
analysis for identifying species and populations of
conservation concern, as well as for illuminating possible
mechanisms of adaptive phenotypic evolution.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41437-019-0260-9},
Key = {fds345858}
}
@article{fds348366,
Author = {Hunnicutt, KE and Tiley, GP and Williams, RC and Larsen, PA and Blanco,
MB and Rasoloarison, RM and Campbell, CR and Zhu, K and Weisrock, DW and Matsunami, H and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Pheromone Receptor Class
1 Family (V1R) Reveals Extreme Complexity in Mouse Lemurs
(Genus, Microcebus) and a Chromosomal Hotspot across
Mammals.},
Journal = {Genome Biol Evol},
Volume = {12},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3562-3579},
Year = {2020},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz200},
Abstract = {Sensory gene families are of special interest for both what
they can tell us about molecular evolution and what they
imply as mediators of social communication. The vomeronasal
type-1 receptors (V1Rs) have often been hypothesized as
playing a fundamental role in driving or maintaining species
boundaries given their likely function as mediators of
intraspecific mate choice, particularly in nocturnal
mammals. Here, we employ a comparative genomic approach for
revealing patterns of V1R evolution within primates, with a
special focus on the small-bodied nocturnal mouse and dwarf
lemurs of Madagascar (genera Microcebus and Cheirogaleus,
respectively). By doubling the existing genomic resources
for strepsirrhine primates (i.e. the lemurs and lorises), we
find that the highly speciose and morphologically cryptic
mouse lemurs have experienced an elaborate proliferation of
V1Rs that we argue is functionally related to their capacity
for rapid lineage diversification. Contrary to a previous
study that found equivalent degrees of V1R diversity in
diurnal and nocturnal lemurs, our study finds a strong
correlation between nocturnality and V1R elaboration, with
nocturnal lemurs showing elaborate V1R repertoires and
diurnal lemurs showing less diverse repertoires. Recognized
subfamilies among V1Rs show unique signatures of
diversifying positive selection, as might be expected if
they have each evolved to respond to specific stimuli.
Furthermore, a detailed syntenic comparison of mouse lemurs
with mouse (genus Mus) and other mammalian outgroups shows
that orthologous mammalian subfamilies, predicted to be of
ancient origin, tend to cluster in a densely populated
region across syntenic chromosomes that we refer to as a V1R
"hotspot."},
Doi = {10.1093/gbe/evz200},
Key = {fds348366}
}
@article{fds364356,
Author = {Yoder, AD},
Title = {Genomic Data Reveal Surprising Patterns of Lineage
Diversification in Madagascar's Mouse Lemurs (Genus,
Microcebus)},
Journal = {FOLIA PRIMATOLOGICA},
Volume = {91},
Number = {3},
Pages = {243-244},
Year = {2020},
Key = {fds364356}
}
@article{fds364357,
Author = {Akkose, U and Kaya, VO and Lindsey-Boltz, L and Karagoz, Z and Brown, A and Larsen, P and Yoder, A and Sancar, A and Adebali,
O},
Title = {Comparative analyses of two primate species diverged by more
than 60 million years show different rates but similar
distribution of genome-wide UV repair events},
Booktitle = {bioRxiv},
Year = {2020},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.06.027201},
Doi = {10.1101/2020.04.06.027201},
Key = {fds364357}
}
@article{fds347009,
Author = {Greene, LK and Bornbusch, SL and McKenney, EA and Harris, RL and Gorvetzian, SR and Yoder, AD and Drea, CM},
Title = {The importance of scale in comparative microbiome research:
New insights from the gut and glands of captive and wild
lemurs.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {81},
Number = {10-11},
Pages = {e22974},
Year = {2019},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22974},
Abstract = {Research on animal microbiomes is increasingly aimed at
determining the evolutionary and ecological factors that
govern host-microbiome dynamics, which are invariably
intertwined and potentially synergistic. We present three
empirical studies related to this topic, each of which
relies on the diversity of Malagasy lemurs (representing a
total of 19 species) and the comparative approach applied
across scales of analysis. In Study 1, we compare gut
microbial membership across 14 species in the wild to test
the relative importance of host phylogeny and feeding
strategy in mediating microbiome structure. Whereas host
phylogeny strongly predicted community composition, the same
feeding strategies shared by distant relatives did not
produce convergent microbial consortia, but rather shaped
microbiomes in host lineage-specific ways, particularly in
folivores. In Study 2, we compare 14 species of wild and
captive folivores, frugivores, and omnivores, to highlight
the importance of captive populations for advancing gut
microbiome research. We show that the perturbational effect
of captivity is mediated by host feeding strategy and can be
mitigated, in part, by modified animal management. In Study
3, we examine various scent-gland microbiomes across three
species in the wild or captivity and show them to vary by
host species, sex, body site, and a proxy of social status.
These rare data provide support for the bacterial
fermentation hypothesis in olfactory signal production and
implicate steroid hormones as mediators of microbial
community structure. We conclude by discussing the role of
scale in comparative microbial studies, the links between
feeding strategy and host-microbiome coadaptation, the
underappreciated benefits of captive populations for
advancing conservation research, and the need to consider
the entirety of an animal's microbiota. Ultimately, these
studies will help move the field from exploratory to
hypothesis-driven research.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.22974},
Key = {fds347009}
}
@article{fds346740,
Author = {Li, G and Figueiró, HV and Eizirik, E and Murphy,
WJ},
Title = {Recombination-Aware Phylogenomics Reveals the Structured
Genomic Landscape of Hybridizing Cat Species.},
Journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
Volume = {36},
Number = {10},
Pages = {2111-2126},
Year = {2019},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz139},
Abstract = {Current phylogenomic approaches implicitly assume that the
predominant phylogenetic signal within a genome reflects the
true evolutionary history of organisms, without assessing
the confounding effects of postspeciation gene flow that can
produce a mosaic of phylogenetic signals that interact with
recombinational variation. Here, we tested the validity of
this assumption with a phylogenomic analysis of 27 species
of the cat family, assessing local effects of recombination
rate on species tree inference and divergence time
estimation across their genomes. We found that the
prevailing phylogenetic signal within the autosomes is not
always representative of the most probable speciation
history, due to ancient hybridization throughout felid
evolution. Instead, phylogenetic signal was concentrated
within regions of low recombination, and notably enriched
within large X chromosome recombination cold spots that
exhibited recurrent patterns of strong genetic
differentiation and selective sweeps across mammalian
orders. By contrast, regions of high recombination were
enriched for signatures of ancient gene flow, and these
sequences inflated crown-lineage divergence times by ∼40%.
We conclude that existing phylogenomic approaches to infer
the Tree of Life may be highly misleading without
considering the genomic architecture of phylogenetic signal
relative to recombination rate and its interplay with
historical hybridization.},
Doi = {10.1093/molbev/msz139},
Key = {fds346740}
}
@article{fds345380,
Author = {Nouls, JC and Virgincar, RS and Culbert, AG and Morand, N and Bobbert,
DW and Yoder, AD and Schopler, RS and Bashir, MR and Badea, A and Hochgeschwender, U and Driehuys, B},
Title = {Applications of 3D printing in small animal magnetic
resonance imaging.},
Journal = {J Med Imaging (Bellingham)},
Volume = {6},
Number = {2},
Pages = {021605},
Year = {2019},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.JMI.6.2.021605},
Abstract = {Three-dimensional (3D) printing has significantly impacted
the quality, efficiency, and reproducibility of preclinical
magnetic resonance imaging. It has vastly expanded the
ability to produce MR-compatible parts that readily permit
customization of animal handling, achieve consistent
positioning of anatomy and RF coils promptly, and accelerate
throughput. It permits the rapid and cost-effective creation
of parts customized to a specific imaging study, animal
species, animal weight, or even one unique animal, not
routinely used in preclinical research. We illustrate the
power of this technology by describing five preclinical
studies and specific solutions enabled by different 3D
printing processes and materials. We describe fixtures,
assemblies, and devices that were created to ensure the
safety of anesthetized lemurs during an MR examination of
their brain or to facilitate localized, contrast-enhanced
measurements of white blood cell concentration in a mouse
model of pancreatitis. We illustrate expansive use of 3D
printing to build a customized birdcage coil and components
of a ventilator to enable imaging of pulmonary gas exchange
in rats using hyperpolarized Xe 129 . Finally, we present
applications of 3D printing to create high-quality, dual RF
coils to accelerate brain connectivity mapping in mouse
brain specimens and to increase the throughput of brain
tumor examinations in a mouse model of pituitary
adenoma.},
Doi = {10.1117/1.JMI.6.2.021605},
Key = {fds345380}
}
@article{fds339734,
Author = {Campbell, CR and Poelstra, JW and Yoder, AD},
Title = {What is Speciation Genomics? The roles of ecology, gene
flow, and genomic architecture in the formation of
species},
Journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society},
Volume = {124},
Number = {4},
Pages = {561-583},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2018},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/bly063},
Abstract = {As is true of virtually every realm of the biological
sciences, our understanding of speciation is increasingly
informed by the genomic revolution of the past decade.
Investigators can ask detailed questions relating to both
the extrinsic (e.g. inter- and intra-population and
ecological interactions) and intrinsic (e.g. genome content
and architecture) forces that drive speciation. Technologies
ranging from restriction-site associated DNA sequencing
(RADseq), to whole genome sequencing and assembly, to
transcriptomics, to CRISPR are revolutionizing the means by
which investigators can both frame and test hypotheses of
lineage diversification. Our review aims to examine both
extrinsic and intrinsic aspects of speciation. Genome-scale
data have already served to fundamentally clarify the role
of gene flow during (and after) speciation, although we
predict that the differential propensity for speciation
among phylogenetic lineages will be one of the most exciting
frontiers for future genomic investigation. We propose that
a unified theory of speciation will take into account the
idiosyncratic features of genomic architecture examined in
the light of each organism's biology and ecology drawn from
across the full breadth of the Tree of Life.},
Doi = {10.1093/biolinnean/bly063},
Key = {fds339734}
}
@article{fds337036,
Author = {Blanco, MB and Dausmann, KH and Faherty, SL and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {Tropical heterothermy is "cool": The expression of daily
torpor and hibernation in primates.},
Journal = {Evolutionary anthropology},
Volume = {27},
Number = {4},
Pages = {147-161},
Year = {2018},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.21588},
Abstract = {Living nonhuman primates generally inhabit tropical forests,
and torpor is regarded as a strategy employed by
cold-adapted organisms. Yet, some primates employ daily
torpor or hibernation (heterothermy) under obligatory,
temporary, or emergency circumstances. Though heterothermy
is present in most mammalian lineages, there are only three
extant heterothermic primate lineages: bushbabies from
Africa, lorises from Asia, and dwarf and mouse lemurs from
Madagascar. Here, we analyze their phenotypes in the general
context of tropical mammalian heterothermy. We focus on
Malagasy lemurs as they have been the most intensively
studied and also show an unmatched range of flexibility in
their heterothermic responses. We discuss the evidence for
whether heterothermy should be considered an ancestral or
derived condition in primates. This consideration is
particularly intriguing given that an understanding of the
underlying mechanisms for hibernation in lemurs opens the
possibility for insight into genotype-phenotype
interactions, including those with biomedical relevance for
humans.},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.21588},
Key = {fds337036}
}
@article{fds337037,
Author = {Reis, MD and Gunnell, GF and Barba-Montoya, J and Wilkins, A and Yang,
Z and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Using Phylogenomic Data to Explore the Effects of Relaxed
Clocks and Calibration Strategies on Divergence Time
Estimation: Primates as a Test Case.},
Journal = {Systematic biology},
Volume = {67},
Number = {4},
Pages = {594-615},
Year = {2018},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syy001},
Abstract = {Primates have long been a test case for the development of
phylogenetic methods for divergence time estimation. Despite
a large number of studies, however, the timing of
origination of crown Primates relative to the
Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary and the timing of
diversification of the main crown groups remain
controversial. Here, we analysed a data set of 372 taxa (367
Primates and 5 outgroups, 3.4 million aligned base pairs)
that includes nine primate genomes. We systematically
explore the effect of different interpretations of fossil
calibrations and molecular clock models on primate
divergence time estimates. We find that even small
differences in the construction of fossil calibrations can
have a noticeable impact on estimated divergence times,
especially for the oldest nodes in the tree. Notably, choice
of molecular rate model (autocorrelated or independently
distributed rates) has an especially strong effect on
estimated times, with the independent rates model producing
considerably more ancient age estimates for the deeper nodes
in the phylogeny. We implement thermodynamic integration,
combined with Gaussian quadrature, in the program MCMCTree,
and use it to calculate Bayes factors for clock models.
Bayesian model selection indicates that the autocorrelated
rates model fits the primate data substantially better, and
we conclude that time estimates under this model should be
preferred. We show that for eight core nodes in the
phylogeny, uncertainty in time estimates is close to the
theoretical limit imposed by fossil uncertainties. Thus,
these estimates are unlikely to be improved by collecting
additional molecular sequence data. All analyses place the
origin of Primates close to the K-Pg boundary, either in the
Cretaceous or straddling the boundary into the
Palaeogene.},
Doi = {10.1093/sysbio/syy001},
Key = {fds337037}
}
@article{fds330827,
Author = {McKenney, EA and Maslanka, M and Rodrigo, A and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {Bamboo Specialists from Two Mammalian Orders (Primates,
Carnivora) Share a High Number of Low-Abundance Gut
Microbes.},
Journal = {Microbial ecology},
Volume = {76},
Number = {1},
Pages = {272-284},
Year = {2018},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-017-1114-8},
Abstract = {Bamboo specialization is one of the most extreme examples of
convergent herbivory, yet it is unclear how this specific
high-fiber diet might selectively shape the composition of
the gut microbiome compared to host phylogeny. To address
these questions, we used deep sequencing to investigate the
nature and comparative impact of phylogenetic and dietary
selection for specific gut microbial membership in three
bamboo specialists-the bamboo lemur (Hapalemur griseus,
Primates: Lemuridae), giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca,
Carnivora: Ursidae), and red panda (Ailurus fulgens,
Carnivora: Musteloideadae), as well as two phylogenetic
controls-the ringtail lemur (Lemur catta) and the Asian
black bear (Ursus thibetanus). We detected significantly
higher Shannon diversity in the bamboo lemur (10.029)
compared to both the giant panda (8.256; p = 0.0001936)
and the red panda (6.484; p = 0.0000029). We also
detected significantly enriched bacterial taxa that
distinguished each species. Our results complement previous
work in finding that phylogeny predominantly governs
high-level microbiome community structure. However, we also
find that 48 low-abundance OTUs are shared among bamboo
specialists, compared to only 8 OTUs shared by the bamboo
lemur and its sister species, the ringtail lemur (Lemur
catta, a generalist). Our results suggest that deep
sequencing is necessary to detect low-abundance bacterial
OTUs, which may be specifically adapted to a high-fiber
diet. These findings provide a more comprehensive framework
for understanding the evolution and ecology of the
microbiome as well as the host.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00248-017-1114-8},
Key = {fds330827}
}
@article{fds335287,
Author = {Yoder, AD and Poelstra, JW and Tiley, GP and Williams,
RC},
Title = {Neutral Theory Is the Foundation of Conservation
Genetics.},
Journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
Volume = {35},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1322-1326},
Year = {2018},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy076},
Abstract = {Kimura's neutral theory of molecular evolution has been
essential to virtually every advance in evolutionary
genetics, and by extension, is foundational to the field of
conservation genetics. Conservation genetics utilizes the
key concepts of neutral theory to identify species and
populations at risk of losing evolutionary potential by
detecting patterns of inbreeding depression and low
effective population size. In turn, this information can
inform the management of organisms and their habitat
providing hope for the long-term preservation of both. We
expand upon Avise's "inventorial" and "functional"
categories of conservation genetics by proposing a third
category that is linked to the coalescent and that we refer
to as "process-driven." It is here that connections between
Kimura's theory and conservation genetics are strongest.
Process-driven conservation genetics can be especially
applied to large genomic data sets to identify patterns of
historical risk, such as population bottlenecks, and
accordingly, yield informed intuitions for future outcomes.
By examining inventorial, functional, and process-driven
conservation genetics in sequence, we assess the progression
from theory, to data collection and analysis, and
ultimately, to the production of hypotheses that can inform
conservation policies.},
Doi = {10.1093/molbev/msy076},
Key = {fds335287}
}
@article{fds333562,
Author = {McKenney, EA and Koelle, K and Dunn, RR and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {The ecosystem services of animal microbiomes.},
Journal = {Molecular ecology},
Volume = {27},
Number = {8},
Pages = {2164-2172},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.14532},
Abstract = {Microbiologists often evaluate microbial community dynamics
by formulating functional hypotheses based on ecological
processes. Indeed, many of the methods and terms currently
used to describe animal microbiomes derive from ecology and
evolutionary biology. As our understanding of the
composition and functional dynamics of "the microbiome"
grows, we increasingly refer to the host as an ecosystem
within which microbial processes play out. Even so, an
ecosystem service framework that extends to the context of
the host has thus far been lacking. Here, we argue that
ecosystem services are a useful framework with which to
consider the value of microbes to their hosts. We discuss
those "microbiome services" in the specific context of the
mammalian gut, providing a context from which to develop new
hypotheses and to evaluate microbial functions in future
studies and novel systems.},
Doi = {10.1111/mec.14532},
Key = {fds333562}
}
@article{fds364359,
Author = {Guevara, EE and Webster, TH and Ranaivonasy, J and Ratsirarson, J and Lawler, RR and Bradley, BJ and Harris, RA and Liu, Y and Murali, SC and Raveendran, M and St Hughes and D and Muzny, DM and Yoder, AD and Worley,
KC and Rogers, J},
Title = {Evolutionary genomics of Verreaux's sifaka (Propithecus
verreauxi)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {108-109},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds364359}
}
@article{fds332843,
Author = {Larsen, PA and Hunnicutt, KE and Larsen, RJ and Yoder, AD and Saunders,
AM},
Title = {Warning SINEs: Alu elements, evolution of the human brain,
and the spectrum of neurological disease.},
Journal = {Chromosome research : an international journal on the
molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of
chromosome biology},
Volume = {26},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {93-111},
Year = {2018},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10577-018-9573-4},
Abstract = {Alu elements are a highly successful family of
primate-specific retrotransposons that have fundamentally
shaped primate evolution, including the evolution of our own
species. Alus play critical roles in the formation of
neurological networks and the epigenetic regulation of
biochemical processes throughout the central nervous system
(CNS), and thus are hypothesized to have contributed to the
origin of human cognition. Despite the benefits that Alus
provide, deleterious Alu activity is associated with a
number of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. In
particular, neurological networks are potentially vulnerable
to the epigenetic dysregulation of Alu elements operating
across the suite of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes that
are critical for both mitochondrial and CNS function. Here,
we highlight the beneficial neurological aspects of Alu
elements as well as their potential to cause disease by
disrupting key cellular processes across the CNS. We
identify at least 37 neurological and neurodegenerative
disorders wherein deleterious Alu activity has been
implicated as a contributing factor for the manifestation of
disease, and for many of these disorders, this activity is
operating on genes that are essential for proper
mitochondrial function. We conclude that the epigenetic
dysregulation of Alu elements can ultimately disrupt
mitochondrial homeostasis within the CNS. This mechanism is
a plausible source for the incipient neuronal stress that is
consistently observed across a spectrum of sporadic
neurological and neurodegenerative disorders.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10577-018-9573-4},
Key = {fds332843}
}
@article{fds332733,
Author = {Faherty, SL and Villanueva-Cañas, JL and Blanco, MB and Albà, MM and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Transcriptomics in the wild: Hibernation physiology in
free-ranging dwarf lemurs.},
Journal = {Molecular ecology},
Volume = {27},
Number = {3},
Pages = {709-722},
Year = {2018},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.14483},
Abstract = {Hibernation is an adaptive strategy some mammals use to
survive highly seasonal or unpredictable environments. We
present the first investigation on the transcriptomics of
hibernation in a natural population of primate hibernators:
Crossley's dwarf lemurs (Cheirogaleus crossleyi). Using
capture-mark-recapture techniques to track the same animals
over a period of 7 months in Madagascar, we used RNA-seq to
compare gene expression profiles in white adipose tissue
(WAT) during three distinct physiological states. We focus
on pathway analysis to assess the biological significance of
transcriptional changes in dwarf lemur WAT and, by comparing
and contrasting what is known in other model hibernating
species, contribute to a broader understanding of genomic
contributions of hibernation across Mammalia. The
hibernation signature is characterized by a suppression of
lipid biosynthesis, pyruvate metabolism and
mitochondrial-associated functions, and an accumulation of
transcripts encoding ribosomal components and iron-storage
proteins. The data support a key role of pyruvate
dehydrogenase kinase isoenzyme 4 (PDK4) in regulating the
shift in fuel economy during periods of severe food
deprivation. This pattern of PDK4 holds true across
representative hibernating species from disparate mammalian
groups, suggesting that the genetic underpinnings of
hibernation may be ancestral to mammals.},
Doi = {10.1111/mec.14483},
Key = {fds332733}
}
@article{fds333721,
Author = {McKenney, EA and O'Connell, TM and Rodrigo, A and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {Feeding strategy shapes gut metagenomic enrichment and
functional specialization in captive lemurs.},
Journal = {Gut microbes},
Volume = {9},
Number = {3},
Pages = {202-217},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2017.1408762},
Abstract = {Many studies have demonstrated the effects of host diet on
gut microbial membership, metagenomics, and fermentation
individually; but few have attempted to interpret the
relationship among these biological phenomena with respect
to host features (e.g. gut morphology). We quantitatively
compare the fecal microbial communities, metabolic pathways,
and fermentation products associated with the nutritional
intake of frugivorous (fruit-eating) and folivorous
(leaf-eating) lemurs. Our results provide a uniquely
multidimensional and comparative perspective on the adaptive
dynamics between host and microbiome. Shotgun metagenomic
sequencing revealed significant differential taxonomic and
metabolic pathway enrichment, tailored to digest and
detoxify different diets. Frugivorous metagenomes feature
pathways to degrade simple carbohydrates and host-derived
glycosaminoglycans, while folivorous metagenomes are
equipped to break down phytic acid and other phytochemical
compounds in an anaerobic environment. We used nuclear
magnetic resonance based metabolic profiling of fecal
samples to link metabolic pathways to fermentation products,
confirming that the dissimilar substrates provided in each
diet select for specific microbial functions. Fecal samples
from frugivorous lemurs contained significantly different
profiles of short chain fatty acids, alcohol fermentation
products, amino acids, glucose, and glycerol compared to
folivorous lemurs. We present the relationships between
these datasets as an integrated visual framework, which we
refer to as microbial geometry. We use microbial geometry to
compare empirical gut microbial profiles across different
feeding strategies, and suggest additional utility as a tool
for hypothesis-generation.},
Doi = {10.1080/19490976.2017.1408762},
Key = {fds333721}
}
@article{fds330615,
Author = {Larsen, PA and Harris, RA and Liu, Y and Murali, SC and Campbell, CR and Brown, AD and Sullivan, BA and Shelton, J and Brown, SJ and Raveendran,
M and Dudchenko, O and Machol, I and Durand, NC and Shamim, MS and Aiden,
EL and Muzny, DM and Gibbs, RA and Yoder, AD and Rogers, J and Worley,
KC},
Title = {Hybrid de novo genome assembly and centromere
characterization of the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus
murinus).},
Journal = {BMC Biol},
Volume = {15},
Number = {1},
Pages = {110},
Year = {2017},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12915-017-0439-6},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The de novo assembly of repeat-rich mammalian
genomes using only high-throughput short read sequencing
data typically results in highly fragmented genome
assemblies that limit downstream applications. Here, we
present an iterative approach to hybrid de novo genome
assembly that incorporates datasets stemming from multiple
genomic technologies and methods. We used this approach to
improve the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) genome
from early draft status to a near chromosome-scale assembly.
METHODS: We used a combination of advanced genomic
technologies to iteratively resolve conflicts and
super-scaffold the M. murinus genome. RESULTS: We improved
the M. murinus genome assembly to a scaffold N50 of 93.32
Mb. Whole genome alignments between our primary
super-scaffolds and 23 human chromosomes revealed patterns
that are congruent with historical comparative cytogenetic
data, thus demonstrating the accuracy of our de novo
scaffolding approach and allowing assignment of scaffolds to
M. murinus chromosomes. Moreover, we utilized our
independent datasets to discover and characterize sequences
associated with centromeres across the mouse lemur genome.
Quality assessment of the final assembly found 96% of mouse
lemur canonical transcripts nearly complete, comparable to
other published high-quality reference genome assemblies.
CONCLUSIONS: We describe a new assembly of the gray mouse
lemur (Microcebus murinus) genome with chromosome-scale
scaffolds produced using a hybrid bioinformatic and
sequencing approach. The approach is cost effective and
produces superior results based on metrics of contiguity and
completeness. Our results show that emerging genomic
technologies can be used in combination to characterize
centromeres of non-model species and to produce accurate de
novo chromosome-scale genome assemblies of complex mammalian
genomes.},
Doi = {10.1186/s12915-017-0439-6},
Key = {fds330615}
}
@article{fds324866,
Author = {Larsen, PA and Lutz, MW and Hunnicutt, KE and Mihovilovic, M and Saunders, AM and Yoder, AD and Roses, AD},
Title = {The Alu neurodegeneration hypothesis: A primate-specific
mechanism for neuronal transcription noise, mitochondrial
dysfunction, and manifestation of neurodegenerative
disease.},
Journal = {Alzheimers Dement},
Volume = {13},
Number = {7},
Pages = {828-838},
Year = {2017},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2017.01.017},
Abstract = {It is hypothesized that retrotransposons have played a
fundamental role in primate evolution and that enhanced
neurologic retrotransposon activity in humans may underlie
the origin of higher cognitive function. As a potential
consequence of this enhanced activity, it is likely that
neurons are susceptible to deleterious retrotransposon
pathways that can disrupt mitochondrial function. An example
is observed in the TOMM40 gene, encoding a β-barrel protein
critical for mitochondrial preprotein transport.
Primate-specific Alu retrotransposons have repeatedly
inserted into TOMM40 introns, and at least one variant
associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease originated
from an Alu insertion event. We provide evidence of enriched
Alu content in mitochondrial genes and postulate that Alus
can disrupt mitochondrial populations in neurons, thereby
setting the stage for progressive neurologic dysfunction.
This Alu neurodegeneration hypothesis is compatible with
decades of research and offers a plausible mechanism for the
disruption of neuronal mitochondrial homeostasis, ultimately
cascading into neurodegenerative disease.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jalz.2017.01.017},
Key = {fds324866}
}
@article{fds330828,
Author = {Faherty, SL and Campbell, CR and Hilbig, SA and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {The effect of body mass and diet composition on torpor
patterns in a Malagasy primate (Microcebus
murinus).},
Journal = {Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic,
and environmental physiology},
Volume = {187},
Number = {4},
Pages = {677-688},
Year = {2017},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00360-016-1045-6},
Abstract = {One of the most obvious physiological changes accompanying
seasonal heterothermy in mammals is a fattening stage
preceding periods of resource scarcity. This phenomenon
reflects the interplay of both diet and physiology. Though
the accrual of fat stores is known to be essential for
overwintering in some species, the influence of diet on the
physiology of torpor is not fully understood. Results from
captive studies in heterothermic rodents and marsupials have
indicated that when autumn diets are enriched with
polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), animals receiving these
diets experience deeper and more frequent torpor bouts than
their counterparts receiving a control diet. Our study
investigates this potential effect of dietary composition in
animals that use daily torpor rather than prolonged torpor
(i.e., hibernation). In so doing, we investigate the degree
to which dietary effects on torpor are restricted to
cold-adapted rodents and marsupials, or are a more general
feature of mammalian heterothermy. We examined the effects
of a PUFA diet and a control diet on the thermoregulation of
one of the few species of primates known to use daily
torpor: the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus). Though
the results of this study are largely inconclusive regarding
the impact of dietary manipulations on torpor frequency and
duration, we nonetheless find that the propensity of animals
to enter torpor is directly influenced by age and seasonal
changes in body mass, and thus reflect important
physiological aspects of flexible thermoregulatory
responses.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00360-016-1045-6},
Key = {fds330828}
}
@article{fds325887,
Author = {McCluskey, K and Boundy-Mills, K and Dye, G and Ehmke, E and Gunnell,
GF and Kiaris, H and Polihronakis Richmond and M and Yoder, AD and Zeigler,
DR and Zehr, S and Grotewold, E},
Title = {The challenges faced by living stock collections in the
USA.},
Journal = {eLife},
Volume = {6},
Pages = {e24611},
Year = {2017},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.24611},
Abstract = {Many discoveries in the life sciences have been made using
material from living stock collections. These collections
provide a uniform and stable supply of living organisms and
related materials that enhance the reproducibility of
research and minimize the need for repetitive calibration.
While collections differ in many ways, they all require
expertise in maintaining living organisms and good
logistical systems for keeping track of stocks and
fulfilling requests for specimens. Here, we review some of
the contributions made by living stock collections to
research across all branches of the tree of life, and
outline the challenges they face.},
Doi = {10.7554/elife.24611},
Key = {fds325887}
}
@article{fds364360,
Author = {McKenney, EA and Greene, LK and Drea, CM and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {Down for the count: Cryptosporidium infection
depletes the gut microbiome in Coquerel's
sifakas.},
Journal = {Microbial ecology in health and disease},
Volume = {28},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1335165},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16512235.2017.1335165},
Abstract = {<b>Background</b>: The gut microbiome (GMB) is the first
line of defense against enteric pathogens, which are a
leading cause of disease and mortality worldwide. One such
pathogen, the protozoan <i>Cryptosporidium</i>, causes a
variety of digestive disorders that can be devastating and
even lethal. The Coquerel's sifaka (<i>Propithecus
coquereli</i>) - an endangered, folivorous primate endemic
to Madagascar - is precariously susceptible to
cryptosporidiosis under captive conditions. If left
untreated, infection can rapidly advance to morbidity and
death. <b>Objective</b>: To gain a richer understanding of
the pathophysiology of this pathogen while also improving
captive management of endangered species, we examine the
impact of cryptosporidiosis on the GMB of a flagship species
known to experience a debilitating disease state upon
infection. <b>Design</b>: Using 16S sequencing of DNA
extracted from sifaka fecal samples, we compared the
microbial communities of healthy sifakas to those of
infected individuals, across infection and recovery periods.
<b>Results</b>: Over the course of infection, we found that
the sifaka GMB responds with decreased microbial diversity
and increased community dissimilarity. Compared to the GMB
of unaffected individuals, as well as during pre-infection
and recovery periods, the GMB during active infection was
enriched for microbial taxa associated with dysbiosis and
rapid transit time. Time to recovery was inversely related
to age, with young animals being slowest to recover GMB
diversity and full community membership. Antimicrobial
treatment during infection caused a significant depletion in
GMB diversity. <b>Conclusions</b>: Although individual
sifakas show unique trajectories of microbial loss and
recolonization in response to infection, recovering sifakas
exhibit remarkably consistent patterns, similar to initial
community assembly of the GMB in infants. This observation,
in particular, provides biological insight into the rules by
which the GMB recovers from the disease state. Fecal
transfaunation may prove effective in restoring a healthy
GMB in animals with specialized diets.},
Doi = {10.1080/16512235.2017.1335165},
Key = {fds364360}
}
@article{fds323126,
Author = {Nunziata, SO and Wallenhorst, P and Barrett, MA and Junge, RE and Yoder,
AD and Weisrock, DW},
Title = {Population and Conservation Genetics in an Endangered Lemur,
Indri indri, Across Three Forest Reserves in
Madagascar},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {37},
Number = {6},
Pages = {688-702},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2016},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-016-9932-y},
Abstract = {Population decline and fragmentation often lead to reduced
genetic diversity and population differentiation. Habitat
destruction throughout Madagascar has caused population
decline and extinction of many endemic species. Lemur
populations, including those of the largest extant lemur,
Indri indri, have been fragmented into remaining forest
patches. We assessed the level of genetic diversity in indri
populations in three protected reserves by genotyping a
total of 43 individuals at 17 microsatellite loci. Genetic
diversity in terms of heterozygosity was high in all three
reserves, with no differences between reserves. Population
structure and FST analyses revealed Analamazaotra Forest
Station and the Torotorofotsy Conservation Area, which are
separated by ca. 18 km to be genetically differentiated
from each other with some admixture. Betampona Strict Nature
Reserve, which is separated from the other reserves by ca.
130 km, exhibited clear population genetic differentiation,
with no signs of admixture with the other reserves. Our
genetic diversity estimates are similar to those for other
Indridae in similar habitats and may reflect past rather
than current population processes, given that populations
have declined recently. Our results suggest that Betampona
may be genetically isolated and that it is important to
maintain gene flow between remaining populations to prevent
loss of genetic diversity for the future conservation of
Indri indri.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-016-9932-y},
Key = {fds323126}
}
@article{fds329886,
Author = {Blanco, MB and Dausmann, KH and Faherty, SL and Klopfer, P and Krystal,
AD and Schopler, R and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Hibernation in a primate: does sleep occur?},
Journal = {R Soc Open Sci},
Volume = {3},
Number = {8},
Pages = {160282},
Year = {2016},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160282},
Abstract = {During hibernation, critical physiological processes are
downregulated and thermogenically induced arousals are
presumably needed periodically to fulfil those physiological
demands. Among the processes incompatible with a hypome
tabolic state is sleep. However, one hibernating primate,
the dwarf lemur Cheirogaleus medius, experiences rapid eye
movement (REM)-like states during hibernation, whenever
passively reaching temperatures above 30°C, as occurs when
it hibernates in poorly insulated tree hollows under
tropical conditions. Here, we report electroencephalographic
(EEG) recordings, temperature data and metabolic rates from
two related species (C. crossleyi and C. sibreei),
inhabiting high-altitude rainforests and hibernating
underground, conditions that mirror, to some extent, those
experienced by temperate hibernators. We compared the
physiology of hibernation and spontaneous arousals in these
animals to C. medius, as well as the much more distantly
related non-primate hibernators, such as Arctic,
golden-mantled and European ground squirrels. We observed a
number of commonalities with non-primate temperate
hibernators including: (i) monotonous ultra-low voltage EEG
during torpor bouts in these relatively cold-weather
hibernators, (ii) the absence of sleep during torpor bouts,
(iii) the occurrence of spontaneous arousals out of torpor,
during which sleep regularly occurred, (iv) relatively high
early EEG non-REM during the arousal, and (v) a gradual
transition to the torpid EEG state from non-REM sleep.
Unlike C. medius, our study species did not display
sleep-like states during torpor bouts, but instead
exclusively exhibited them during arousals. During these
short euthermic periods, non-REM as well as REM sleep-like
stages were observed. Differences observed between these two
species and their close relative, C. medius, for which data
have been published, presumably reflect differences in
hibernaculum temperature.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsos.160282},
Key = {fds329886}
}
@article{fds323624,
Author = {Faherty, SL and Villanueva-Cañas, JL and Klopfer, PH and Albà, MM and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Gene Expression Profiling in the Hibernating Primate,
Cheirogaleus Medius.},
Journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
Volume = {8},
Number = {8},
Pages = {2413-2426},
Year = {2016},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evw163},
Abstract = {Hibernation is a complex physiological response that some
mammalian species employ to evade energetic demands.
Previous work in mammalian hibernators suggests that
hibernation is activated not by a set of genes unique to
hibernators, but by differential expression of genes that
are present in all mammals. This question of universal
genetic mechanisms requires further investigation and can
only be tested through additional investigations of
phylogenetically dispersed species. To explore this
question, we use RNA-Seq to investigate gene expression
dynamics as they relate to the varying physiological states
experienced throughout the year in a group of primate
hibernators-Madagascar's dwarf lemurs (genus Cheirogaleus).
In a novel experimental approach, we use longitudinal
sampling of biological tissues as a method for capturing
gene expression profiles from the same individuals
throughout their annual hibernation cycle. We identify 90
candidate genes that have variable expression patterns when
comparing two active states (Active 1 and Active 2) with a
torpor state. These include genes that are involved in
metabolic pathways, feeding behavior, and circadian rhythms,
as might be expected to correlate with seasonal
physiological state changes. The identified genes appear to
be critical for maintaining the health of an animal that
undergoes prolonged periods of metabolic depression
concurrent with the hibernation phenotype. By focusing on
these differentially expressed genes in dwarf lemurs, we
compare gene expression patterns in previously studied
mammalian hibernators. Additionally, by employing
evolutionary rate analysis, we find that hibernation-related
genes do not evolve under positive selection in hibernating
species relative to nonhibernators.},
Doi = {10.1093/gbe/evw163},
Key = {fds323624}
}
@article{fds323127,
Author = {Yoder, AD and Campbell, CR and Blanco, MB and Dos Reis and M and Ganzhorn,
JU and Goodman, SM and Hunnicutt, KE and Larsen, PA and Kappeler, PM and Rasoloarison, RM and Ralison, JM and Swofford, DL and Weisrock,
DW},
Title = {Geogenetic patterns in mouse lemurs (genus Microcebus)
reveal the ghosts of Madagascar's forests
past.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {113},
Number = {29},
Pages = {8049-8056},
Booktitle = {IN THE LIGHT OF EVOLUTION, VOL X: COMPARATIVE
PHYLOGEOGRAPHY},
Year = {2016},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1601081113},
Abstract = {Phylogeographic analysis can be described as the study of
the geological and climatological processes that have
produced contemporary geographic distributions of
populations and species. Here, we attempt to understand how
the dynamic process of landscape change on Madagascar has
shaped the distribution of a targeted clade of mouse lemurs
(genus Microcebus) and, conversely, how phylogenetic and
population genetic patterns in these small primates can
reciprocally advance our understanding of Madagascar's
prehuman environment. The degree to which human activity has
impacted the natural plant communities of Madagascar is of
critical and enduring interest. Today, the eastern
rainforests are separated from the dry deciduous forests of
the west by a large expanse of presumed anthropogenic
grassland savanna, dominated by the Family Poaceae, that
blankets most of the Central Highlands. Although there is
firm consensus that anthropogenic activities have
transformed the original vegetation through agricultural and
pastoral practices, the degree to which closed-canopy forest
extended from the east to the west remains debated.
Phylogenetic and population genetic patterns in a
five-species clade of mouse lemurs suggest that longitudinal
dispersal across the island was readily achieved throughout
the Pleistocene, apparently ending at ∼55 ka. By examining
patterns of both inter- and intraspecific genetic diversity
in mouse lemur species found in the eastern, western, and
Central Highland zones, we conclude that the natural
environment of the Central Highlands would have been mosaic,
consisting of a matrix of wooded savanna that formed a
transitional zone between the extremes of humid eastern and
dry western forest types.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1601081113},
Key = {fds323127}
}
@article{fds315909,
Author = {Hotaling, S and Foley, ME and Lawrence, NM and Bocanegra, J and Blanco,
MB and Rasoloarison, R and Kappeler, PM and Barrett, MA and Yoder, AD and Weisrock, DW},
Title = {Species discovery and validation in a cryptic radiation of
endangered primates: coalescent-based species delimitation
in Madagascar's mouse lemurs.},
Journal = {Molecular ecology},
Volume = {25},
Number = {9},
Pages = {2029-2045},
Year = {2016},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0962-1083},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.13604},
Abstract = {Implementation of the coalescent model in a Bayesian
framework is an emerging strength in genetically based
species delimitation studies. By providing an objective
measure of species diagnosis, these methods represent a
quantitative enhancement to the analysis of multilocus data,
and complement more traditional methods based on phenotypic
and ecological characteristics. Recognized as two species
20 years ago, mouse lemurs (genus Microcebus) now comprise
more than 20 species, largely diagnosed from mtDNA sequence
data. With each new species description, enthusiasm has been
tempered with scientific scepticism. Here, we present a
statistically justified and unbiased Bayesian approach
towards mouse lemur species delimitation. We perform
validation tests using multilocus sequence data and two
methodologies: (i) reverse-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo
sampling to assess the likelihood of different models
defined a priori by a guide tree, and (ii) a Bayes factor
delimitation test that compares different species-tree
models without a guide tree. We assess the sensitivity of
these methods using randomized individual assignments, which
has been used in bpp studies, but not with Bayes factor
delimitation tests. Our results validate previously
diagnosed taxa, as well as new species hypotheses, resulting
in support for three new mouse lemur species. As the
challenge of multiple researchers using differing criteria
to describe diversity is not unique to Microcebus, the
methods used here have significant potential for clarifying
diversity in other taxonomic groups. We echo previous
studies in advocating that multiple lines of evidence,
including use of the coalescent model, should be trusted to
delimit new species.},
Doi = {10.1111/mec.13604},
Key = {fds315909}
}
@article{fds315908,
Author = {Federman, S and Dornburg, A and Daly, DC and Downie, A and Perry, GH and Yoder, AD and Sargis, EJ and Richard, AF and Donoghue, MJ and Baden,
AL},
Title = {Implications of lemuriform extinctions for the Malagasy
flora.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {113},
Number = {18},
Pages = {5041-5046},
Year = {2016},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1523825113},
Abstract = {Madagascar's lemurs display a diverse array of feeding
strategies with complex relationships to seed dispersal
mechanisms in Malagasy plants. Although these relationships
have been explored previously on a case-by-case basis, we
present here the first comprehensive analysis of lemuriform
feeding, to our knowledge, and its hypothesized effects on
seed dispersal and the long-term survival of Malagasy plant
lineages. We used a molecular phylogenetic framework to
examine the mode and tempo of diet evolution, and to
quantify the associated morphological space occupied by
Madagascar's lemurs, both extinct and extant. Using
statistical models and morphometric analyses, we demonstrate
that the extinction of large-bodied lemurs resulted in a
significant reduction in functional morphological space
associated with seed dispersal ability. These reductions
carry potentially far-reaching consequences for Malagasy
ecosystems, and we highlight large-seeded Malagasy plants
that appear to be without extant animal dispersers. We also
identify living lemurs that are endangered yet occupy unique
and essential dispersal niches defined by our morphometric
analyses.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1523825113},
Key = {fds315908}
}
@misc{fds303171,
Author = {Yoder, AD and Weisrock, DW and Rasolorison, RM and Kappeler,
PM},
Title = {Cheirogaleid diversity and evolution: big questions about
small primates},
Pages = {3-20},
Booktitle = {. Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of the
Cheirogaleidae},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Lehman, SL and Radespiel, L and Zimmermann, E},
Year = {2016},
Month = {April},
ISBN = {9781107075597},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139871822.002},
Doi = {10.1017/CBO9781139871822.002},
Key = {fds303171}
}
@article{fds315910,
Author = {Larsen, PA and Hayes, CE and Williams, CV and Junge, RE and Razafindramanana, J and Mass, V and Rakotondrainibe, H and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {Blood transcriptomes reveal novel parasitic zoonoses
circulating in Madagascar's lemurs.},
Journal = {Biology letters},
Volume = {12},
Number = {1},
Pages = {20150829},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1744-9561},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0829},
Abstract = {Zoonotic diseases are a looming threat to global
populations, and nearly 75% of emerging infectious diseases
can spread among wildlife, domestic animals and humans. A
'One World, One Health' perspective offers us an ideal
framework for understanding and potentially mitigating the
spread of zoonoses, and the island of Madagascar serves as a
natural laboratory for conducting these studies. Rapid
habitat degradation and climate change on the island are
contributing to more frequent contact among humans,
livestock and wildlife, increasing the potential for
pathogen spillover events. Given Madagascar's long
geographical isolation, coupled with recent and repeated
introduction of agricultural and invasive species, it is
likely that a number of circulating pathogens remain
uncharacterized in lemur populations. Thus, it is imperative
that new approaches be implemented for de novo pathogen
discovery. To this end, we used non-targeted deep sequencing
of blood transcriptomes from two species of critically
endangered wild lemurs (Indri indri and Propithecus diadema)
to characterize blood-borne pathogens. Our results show
several undescribed vector-borne parasites circulating
within lemurs, some of which may cause disease in wildlife,
livestock and humans. We anticipate that advanced methods
for de novo identification of unknown pathogens will have
broad utility for characterizing other complex disease
transmission systems.},
Doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2015.0829},
Key = {fds315910}
}
@article{fds231678,
Author = {Pabijan, M and Brown, JL and Chan, LM and Rakotondravony, HA and Raselimanana, AP and Yoder, AD and Glaw, F and Vences,
M},
Title = {Phylogeography of the arid-adapted Malagasy bullfrog,
Laliostoma labrosum, influenced by past connectivity and
habitat stability.},
Journal = {Molecular phylogenetics and evolution},
Volume = {92},
Pages = {11-24},
Year = {2015},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1055-7903},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.05.018},
Abstract = {The rainforest biome of eastern Madagascar is renowned for
its extraordinary biodiversity and restricted distribution
ranges of many species, whereas the arid western region of
the island is relatively species poor. We provide insight
into the biogeography of western Madagascar by analyzing a
multilocus phylogeographic dataset assembled for an
amphibian, the widespread Malagasy bullfrog, Laliostoma
labrosum. We find no cryptic species in L. labrosum (maximum
1.1% pairwise genetic distance between individuals in the
16S rRNA gene) attributable to considerable gene flow at the
regional level as shown by genetic admixture in both mtDNA
and three nuclear loci, especially in central Madagascar.
Low breeding site fidelity, viewed as an adaptation to the
unreliability of standing pools of freshwater in dry and
seasonal environments, and a ubiquitous distribution within
its range may underlie overall low genetic differentiation.
Moreover, reductions in population size associated with
periods of high aridity in western Madagascar may have
purged DNA variation in this species. The mtDNA gene tree
revealed seven major phylogroups within this species, five
of which show mostly non-overlapping distributions. The
nested positions of the northern and central mtDNA
phylogroups imply a southwestern origin for all extant mtDNA
lineages in L. labrosum. The current phylogeography of this
species and paleo-distributions of major mtDNA lineages
suggest five potential refugia in northern, western and
southwestern Madagascar, likely the result of Pleistocene
range fragmentation during drier and cooler climates.
Lineage sorting in mtDNA and nuclear loci highlighted a main
phylogeographic break between populations north and south of
the Sambirano region, suggesting a role of the coastal
Sambirano rainforest as a barrier to gene flow.
Paleo-species distribution models and dispersal networks
suggest that the persistence of some refugial populations
was mainly determined by high population connectivity
through space and time.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2015.05.018},
Key = {fds231678}
}
@article{fds294015,
Author = {Copenhaver, GP and Barsh, GS},
Title = {A Decad(e) of Reasons to Contribute to a PLOS Community-Run
Journal},
Journal = {PLOS Genetics},
Volume = {11},
Number = {10},
Pages = {e1005557-e1005557},
Publisher = {Public Library of Science (PLoS)},
Year = {2015},
Month = {October},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/11103 Duke open
access},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pgen.1005557},
Key = {fds294015}
}
@article{fds231689,
Author = {Blair, C and Campbell, CR and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Assessing the utility of whole genome amplified DNA for
next-generation molecular ecology.},
Journal = {Molecular ecology resources},
Volume = {15},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1079-1090},
Year = {2015},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1755-098X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12376},
Abstract = {DNA quantity can be a hindrance in ecological and
evolutionary research programmes due to a range of factors
including endangered status of target organisms, available
tissue type, and the impact of field conditions on
preservation methods. A potential solution to low-quantity
DNA lies in whole genome amplification (WGA) techniques that
can substantially increase DNA yield. To date, few studies
have rigorously examined sequence bias that might result
from WGA and next-generation sequencing of nonmodel taxa. To
address this knowledge deficit, we use multiple displacement
amplification (MDA) and double-digest RAD sequencing on the
grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) to quantify bias in
genome coverage and SNP calls when compared to raw genomic
DNA (gDNA). We focus our efforts in providing baseline
estimates of potential bias by following manufacturer's
recommendations for starting DNA quantities (>100 ng). Our
results are strongly suggestive that MDA enrichment does not
introduce systematic bias to genome characterization. SNP
calling between samples when genotyping both de-novo and
with a reference genome are highly congruent (>98%) when
specifying a minimum threshold of 20X stack depth to call
genotypes. Relative genome coverage is also similar between
MDA and gDNA, and allelic dropout is not observed. SNP
concordance varies based on coverage threshold, with 95%
concordance reached at ~12X coverage genotyping de-novo and
~7X coverage genotyping with the reference genome. These
results suggest that MDA may be a suitable solution for
next-generation molecular ecological studies when DNA
quantity would otherwise be a limiting factor.},
Doi = {10.1111/1755-0998.12376},
Key = {fds231689}
}
@article{fds231677,
Author = {Faherty, SL and Campbell, CR and Larsen, PL and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {Evaluating whole transcriptome amplification for gene
profiling experiments using RNA-Seq},
Journal = {BMC Biotechnology},
Volume = {15},
Pages = {65},
Publisher = {BioMed Central},
Year = {2015},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12896-015-0155-7},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>RNA-Seq has enabled high-throughput gene
expression profiling to provide insight into the functional
link between genotype and phenotype. Low quantities of
starting RNA can be a severe hindrance for studies that aim
to utilize RNA-Seq. To mitigate this bottleneck, whole
transcriptome amplification (WTA) technologies have been
developed to generate sufficient sequencing targets from
minute amounts of RNA. Successful WTA requires accurate
replication of transcript abundance without the loss or
distortion of specific mRNAs. Here, we test the efficacy of
NuGEN's Ovation RNA-Seq V2 system, which uses linear
isothermal amplification with a unique chimeric primer for
amplification, using white adipose tissue from standard
laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus). Our goal was to
investigate potential biological artifacts introduced
through WTA approaches by establishing comparisons between
matched raw and amplified RNA libraries derived from
biological replicates.<h4>Results</h4>We found that 93% of
expressed genes were identical between all unamplified
versus matched amplified comparisons, also finding that gene
density is similar across all comparisons. Our sequencing
experiment and downstream bioinformatic analyses using the
Tuxedo analysis pipeline resulted in the assembly of 25,543
high-quality transcripts. Libraries constructed from raw RNA
and WTA samples averaged 15,298 and 15,253 expressed genes,
respectively. Although significant differentially expressed
genes (P < 0.05) were identified in all matched samples,
each of these represents less than 0.15% of all shared genes
for each comparison.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Transcriptome
amplification is efficient at maintaining relative
transcript frequencies with no significant bias when using
this NuGEN linear isothermal amplification kit under ideal
laboratory conditions as presented in this study. This
methodology has broad applications, from clinical and
diagnostic, to field-based studies when sample acquisition,
or sample preservation, methods prove challenging.},
Doi = {10.1186/s12896-015-0155-7},
Key = {fds231677}
}
@article{fds231682,
Author = {Perry, G and Kistler, L and Godfrey, LR and Crowley, BE and Muldoon, KM and Malhi, R and Schuster, S and Miller, W and Yoder, AD and Louis,
EE},
Title = {Nuclear genome sequences from the extinct subfossil lemurs
Palaeopropithecus ingens and Megaladapis
edwardsi},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {156},
Pages = {251-251},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000350594901496&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds231682}
}
@article{fds231684,
Author = {Brown, JL and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Shifting ranges and conservation challenges for lemurs in
the face of climate change},
Journal = {Ecology and Evolution},
Volume = {5},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1131-1142},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1418},
Abstract = {Geospatial modeling is one of the most powerful tools
available to conservation biologists for estimating current
species ranges of Earth's biodiversity. Now, with the
advantage of predictive climate models, these methods can be
deployed for understanding future impacts on threatened
biota. Here, we employ predictive modeling under a
conservative estimate of future climate change to examine
impacts on the future abundance and geographic distributions
of Malagasy lemurs. Using distribution data from the primary
literature, we employed ensemble species distribution models
and geospatial analyses to predict future changes in species
distributions. Current species distribution models (SDMs)
were created within the BIOMOD2 framework that capitalizes
on ten widely used modeling techniques. Future and current
SDMs were then subtracted from each other, and areas of
contraction, expansion, and stability were calculated. Model
overprediction is a common issue associated Malagasy taxa.
Accordingly, we introduce novel methods for incorporating
biological data on dispersal potential to better inform the
selection of pseudo-absence points. This study predicts that
60% of the 57 species examined will experience a
considerable range of reductions in the next seventy years
entirely due to future climate change. Of these species,
range sizes are predicted to decrease by an average of
59.6%. Nine lemur species (16%) are predicted to expand
their ranges, and 13 species (22.8%) distribution sizes were
predicted to be stable through time. Species ranges will
experience severe shifts, typically contractions, and for
the majority of lemur species, geographic distributions will
be considerably altered. We identify three areas in dire
need of protection, concluding that strategically managed
forest corridors must be a key component of lemur and other
biodiversity conservation strategies. This recommendation is
all the more urgent given that the results presented here do
not take into account patterns of ongoing habitat
destruction relating to human activities. Major distribution
patterns predicted for lemurs resulting from future climate
change. Our results predict that most lemurs will experience
considerable range shifts into the future.},
Doi = {10.1002/ece3.1418},
Key = {fds231684}
}
@article{fds231683,
Author = {Blair, C and Noonan, BP and Brown, JL and Raselimanana, AP and Vences,
M and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Multilocus phylogenetic and geospatial analyses illuminate
diversification patterns and the biogeographic history of
Malagasy endemic plated lizards (Gerrhosauridae:
Zonosaurinae).},
Journal = {Journal of evolutionary biology},
Volume = {28},
Number = {2},
Pages = {481-492},
Year = {2015},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1010-061X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12586},
Abstract = {Although numerous studies have attempted to find single
unifying mechanisms for generating Madagascar's unique flora
and fauna, little consensus has been reached regarding the
relative importance of climatic, geologic and ecological
processes as catalysts of diversification of the region's
unique biota. Rather, recent work has shown that both
biological and physical drivers of diversification are best
analysed in a case-by-case setting with attention focused on
the ecological and life-history requirements of the specific
phylogenetic lineage under investigation. Here, we utilize a
comprehensive analytical approach to examine evolutionary
drivers and elucidate the biogeographic history of Malagasy
plated lizards (Zonosaurinae). Data from three genes are
combined with fossil information to construct
time-calibrated species trees for zonosaurines and their
African relatives, which are used to test alternative
diversification hypotheses. Methods are utilized for
explicitly incorporating phylogenetic uncertainty into
downstream analyses. Species distribution models are created
for 14 of 19 currently recognized species, which are then
used to estimate spatial patterns of species richness and
endemicity. Spatially explicit analyses are employed to
correlate patterns of diversity with both topographic
heterogeneity and climatic stability through geologic time.
We then use inferred geographic ranges to estimate the
biogeographic history of zonosaurines within each of
Madagascar's major biomes. Results suggest constant Neogene
and Quaternary speciation with divergence from the African
most recent common ancestor ~30 million years ago when
oceanic currents and African rivers facilitated dispersal.
Spatial patterns of diversity appear concentrated along
coastal regions of northern and southern Madagascar. We find
no relationship between either topographic heterogeneity or
climatic stability and patterns of diversity. Ancestral
state reconstructions suggest that western dry forests were
important centres of origin with recent invasion into spiny
and rain forest. These data highlight the power of combining
multilocus phylogenetic and spatially explicit analyses for
testing alternative diversification hypotheses within
Madagascar's unique biota and more generally, particularly
as applied to phylogenetically and biologically constrained
systems.},
Doi = {10.1111/jeb.12586},
Key = {fds231683}
}
@article{fds231688,
Author = {Kistler, L and Ratan, A and Godfrey, LR and Crowley, BE and Hughes, CE and Lei, R and Cui, Y and Wood, ML and Muldoon, KM and Andriamialison, H and McGraw, JJ and Tomsho, LP and Schuster, SC and Miller, W and Louis, EE and Yoder, AD and Malhi, RS and Perry, GH},
Title = {Comparative and population mitogenomic analyses of
Madagascar's extinct, giant 'subfossil' lemurs.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {79},
Pages = {45-54},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2015},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.06.016},
Abstract = {Humans first arrived on Madagascar only a few thousand years
ago. Subsequent habitat destruction and hunting activities
have had significant impacts on the island's biodiversity,
including the extinction of megafauna. For example, we know
of 17 recently extinct 'subfossil' lemur species, all of
which were substantially larger (body mass ∼11-160 kg)
than any living population of the ∼100 extant lemur
species (largest body mass ∼6.8 kg). We used ancient DNA
and genomic methods to study subfossil lemur extinction
biology and update our understanding of extant lemur
conservation risk factors by i) reconstructing a
comprehensive phylogeny of extinct and extant lemurs, and
ii) testing whether low genetic diversity is associated with
body size and extinction risk. We recovered complete or
near-complete mitochondrial genomes from five subfossil
lemur taxa, and generated sequence data from population
samples of two extinct and eight extant lemur species.
Phylogenetic comparisons resolved prior taxonomic
uncertainties and confirmed that the extinct subfossil
species did not comprise a single clade. Genetic diversity
estimates for the two sampled extinct species were
relatively low, suggesting small historical population
sizes. Low genetic diversity and small population sizes are
both risk factors that would have rendered giant lemurs
especially susceptible to extinction. Surprisingly, among
the extant lemurs, we did not observe a relationship between
body size and genetic diversity. The decoupling of these
variables suggests that risk factors other than body size
may have as much or more meaning for establishing future
lemur conservation priorities.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.06.016},
Key = {fds231688}
}
@article{fds231679,
Author = {McKenney, EA and Rodrigo, A and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Patterns of gut bacterial colonization in three primate
species.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {10},
Number = {5},
Pages = {e0124618},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124618},
Abstract = {Host fitness is impacted by trillions of bacteria in the
gastrointestinal tract that facilitate development and are
inextricably tied to life history. During development,
microbial colonization primes the gut metabolism and
physiology, thereby setting the stage for adult nutrition
and health. However, the ecological rules governing
microbial succession are poorly understood. In this study,
we examined the relationship between host lineage, captive
diet, and life stage and gut microbiota characteristics in
three primate species (infraorder, Lemuriformes). Fecal
samples were collected from captive lemur mothers and their
infants, from birth to weaning. Microbial DNA was extracted
and the v4 region of 16S rDNA was sequenced on the Illumina
platform using protocols from the Earth Microbiome Project.
Here, we show that colonization proceeds along different
successional trajectories in developing infants from species
with differing dietary regimes and ecological profiles:
frugivorous (fruit-eating) Varecia variegata, generalist
Lemur catta, and folivorous (leaf-eating) Propithecus
coquereli. Our analyses reveal community membership and
succession patterns consistent with previous studies of
human infants, suggesting that lemurs may serve as a useful
model of microbial ecology in the primate gut. Each lemur
species exhibits distinct species-specific bacterial
diversity signatures correlating to life stages and life
history traits, implying that gut microbial community
assembly primes developing infants at species-specific rates
for their respective adult feeding strategies.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0124618},
Key = {fds231679}
}
@article{fds231681,
Author = {McKenney, EA and Williamson, L and Yoder, AD and Rawls, JF and Bilbo,
SD and Parker, W},
Title = {Alteration of the rat cecal microbiome during colonization
with the helminth Hymenolepis diminuta.},
Journal = {Gut Microbes},
Volume = {6},
Number = {3},
Pages = {182-193},
Year = {2015},
ISSN = {1949-0976},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2015.1047128},
Abstract = {The microbiome is now widely recognized as being important
in health and disease, and makes up a substantial subset of
the biome within the ecosystem of the vertebrate body. At
the same time, multicellular, eukaryotic organisms such as
helminths are being recognized as an important component of
the biome that shaped the evolution of our genes. The
absence of these macroscopic organisms during the early
development and life of humans in Western culture probably
leads to a wide range of human immunological diseases.
However, the interaction between the microbiome and
macroscopic components of the biome remains poorly
characterized. In this study, the microbiome of the cecum in
rats colonized for 2 generations with the small intestinal
helminth Hymenolepis diminuta was evaluated. The
introduction of this benign helminth, which is of
considerable therapeutic interest, led to several changes in
the cecal microbiome. Most of the changes were within the
Firmicutes phylum, involved about 20% of the total bacteria,
and generally entailed a shift from Bacilli to Clostridia
species in the presence of the helminth. The results point
toward ecological relationships between various components
of the biome, with the observed shifts in the microbiome
suggesting potential mechanisms by which this helminth might
exert therapeutic effects.},
Doi = {10.1080/19490976.2015.1047128},
Key = {fds231681}
}
@article{fds231687,
Author = {Brown, JL and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Shifting ranges and conservation challenges for lemurs in
the face of climate change},
Journal = {Ecology and Evolution},
Volume = {5},
Number = {6},
Pages = {n/a-n/a},
Year = {2015},
ISSN = {2045-7758},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1418},
Abstract = {Geospatial modeling is one of the most powerful tools
available to conservation biologists for estimating current
species ranges of Earth’s biodiversity. Now, with the
advantage of predictive climate models, these methods can be
deployed for understanding future impacts on threatened
biota. Here, we employ predictive modeling under a
conservative estimate of future climate change to examine
impacts on the future abundance and geographic distributions
of Malagasy lemurs. Using distribution data from the primary
literature, we employed ensemble species distribution models
and geospatial analyses to predict future changes in species
distributions. Current species distribution models (SDMs)
were created within the BIOMOD2 framework that capitalizes
on ten widely used modeling techniques. Future and current
SDMs were then subtracted from each other, and areas of
contraction, expansion, and stability were calculated. Model
overprediction is a common issue associated Malagasy taxa.
Accordingly, we introduce novel methods for incorporating
biological data on dispersal potential to better inform the
selection of pseudo-absence points. This study predicts that
60% of the 57 species examined will experience a
considerable range of reductions in the next seventy years
entirely due to future climate change. Of these species,
range sizes are predicted to decrease by an average of
59.6%. Nine lemur species (16%) are predicted to expand
their ranges, and 13 species (22.8%) distribution sizes were
predicted to be stable through time. Species ranges will
experience severe shifts, typically contractions, and for
the majority of lemur species, geographic distributions will
be considerably altered. We identify three areas in dire
need of protection, concluding that strategically managed
forest corridors must be a key component of lemur and other
biodiversity conservation strategies. This recommendation is
all the more urgent given that the results presented here do
not take into account patterns of ongoing habitat
destruction relating to human activities.},
Doi = {10.1002/ece3.1418},
Key = {fds231687}
}
@article{fds231685,
Author = {Shi, JJ and Chan, LM and Peel, AJ and Lai, R and Yoder, AD and Goodman,
SM},
Title = {A deep divergence time between sister species of eidolon
(Pteropodidae) with evidence for widespread
Panmixia},
Journal = {Acta Chiropterologica},
Volume = {16},
Number = {2},
Pages = {279-292},
Publisher = {Museum and Institute of Zoology at the Polish Academy of
Sciences},
Year = {2014},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1508-1109},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/150811014X687242},
Abstract = {The pteropodid fruit bat genus Eidolon is comprised of two
extant species: E. dupreanum on Madagascar and E. helvum on
the African mainland and offshore islands. Recent population
genetic studies of E. helvum indicate widespread panmixia
across the continent, although island populations off
western Africa show genetic structure. Little is known about
the genetic connectivity of E. dupreanum or the divergence
time between these two sister species. We examine sequence
data for one mitochondrial (cyt-b) and three nuclear regions
(-fib, RAG1, and RAG2) to assess population genetic
structure within E. dupreanum and divergence between the two
Eidolon spp. In addition, we characterize the demographic
history of both taxa using coalescent-based methods. We find
little evidence for population structure within E.
dupreanum, and suggest that this reflects dispersal based on
seasonal fruit availability and a preference for roosting
sites in exposed rock outcrops. However, despite apparent
panmixia in both Eidolon spp. and large dispersal distances
reported in previous studies for E. helvum, these two taxa
diverged in the mid-to-late Miocene. Both species are also
characterized by population expansion and young, Pleistocene
clade ages, although slower population growth in E.
dupreanum is likely explained by its divergence via
colonization from the mainland. Finally, we discuss the
implications of population connectivity in E. dupreanum in
the context of its potential role as a reservoir host for
pathogens capable of infecting humans.},
Doi = {10.3161/150811014X687242},
Key = {fds231685}
}
@article{fds231686,
Author = {Larsen, PA and Hayes, CE and Wilkins, MA and Gomard, Y and Sookhareea,
R and Yoder, AD and Goodman, SM},
Title = {Population genetics of the Mauritian flying fox, Pteropus
Niger},
Journal = {Acta Chiropterologica},
Volume = {16},
Number = {2},
Pages = {293-300},
Publisher = {Museum and Institute of Zoology at the Polish Academy of
Sciences},
Year = {2014},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1508-1109},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/150811014X687251},
Abstract = {The Mauritius flying fox Pteropus niger is distributed on
the islands of Mauritius and La Réunion in the western
Indian Ocean. Although recent studies have examined the
phylogenetics and systematics of this genus, relatively few
have assessed the population genetics of species distributed
on oceanic islands and no study has focused on the
demographics of P. niger. Here, we present mitochondrial DNA
sequence data from 39 individuals of P. niger collected from
four main colonies distributed throughout Mauritius. Our
results indicate that the Mauritian population of P. niger
is likely panmictic, with moderate to high levels of gene
flow occurring among colonies distributed across the island.
Collectively, our sequence data suggest moderate levels of
genetic variation within the population. These findings will
help to inform ongoing conservation and disease surveillance
initiatives.},
Doi = {10.3161/150811014X687251},
Key = {fds231686}
}
@article{fds231697,
Author = {Larsen, PA and Campbell, CR and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Next-generation approaches to advancing eco-immunogenomic
research in critically endangered primates.},
Journal = {Molecular ecology resources},
Volume = {14},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1198-1209},
Year = {2014},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1755-098X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12274},
Abstract = {High-throughput sequencing platforms are generating massive
amounts of genomic data from nonmodel species, and these
data sets are valuable resources that can be mined to
advance a number of research areas. An example is the
growing amount of transcriptome data that allow for
examination of gene expression in nonmodel species. Here, we
show how publicly available transcriptome data from nonmodel
primates can be used to design novel research focused on
immunogenomics. We mined transcriptome data from the world's
most endangered group of primates, the lemurs of Madagascar,
for sequences corresponding to immunoglobulins. Our results
confirmed homology between strepsirrhine and haplorrhine
primate immunoglobulins and allowed for high-throughput
sequencing of expressed antibodies (Ig-seq) in Coquerel's
sifaka (Propithecus coquereli). Using both Pacific
Biosciences RS and Ion Torrent PGM sequencing, we performed
Ig-seq on two individuals of Coquerel's sifaka. We generated
over 150 000 sequences of expressed antibodies, allowing for
molecular characterization of the antigen-binding region.
Our analyses suggest that similar VDJ expression patterns
exist across all primates, with sequences closely related to
the human VH 3 immunoglobulin family being heavily
represented in sifaka antibodies. Moreover, the
antigen-binding region of sifaka antibodies exhibited
similar amino acid variation with respect to haplorrhine
primates. Our study represents the first attempt to
characterize sequence diversity of the expressed antibody
repertoire in a species of lemur. We anticipate that methods
similar to ours will provide the framework for investigating
the adaptive immune response in wild populations of other
nonmodel organisms and can be used to advance the burgeoning
field of eco-immunology.},
Doi = {10.1111/1755-0998.12274},
Key = {fds231697}
}
@article{fds231691,
Author = {Brown, JL and Cameron, A and Yoder, AD and Vences,
M},
Title = {A necessarily complex model to explain the biogeography of
the amphibians and reptiles of Madagascar.},
Journal = {Nature communications},
Volume = {5},
Pages = {5046},
Year = {2014},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6046},
Abstract = {Pattern and process are inextricably linked in biogeographic
analyses, though we can observe pattern, we must infer
process. Inferences of process are often based on ad hoc
comparisons using a single spatial predictor. Here, we
present an alternative approach that uses mixed-spatial
models to measure the predictive potential of combinations
of hypotheses. Biodiversity patterns are estimated from
8,362 occurrence records from 745 species of Malagasy
amphibians and reptiles. By incorporating 18 spatially
explicit predictions of 12 major biogeographic hypotheses,
we show that mixed models greatly improve our ability to
explain the observed biodiversity patterns. We conclude that
patterns are influenced by a combination of diversification
processes rather than by a single predominant mechanism. A
'one-size-fits-all' model does not exist. By developing a
novel method for examining and synthesizing spatial
parameters such as species richness, endemism and community
similarity, we demonstrate the potential of these analyses
for understanding the diversification history of
Madagascar's biota.},
Doi = {10.1038/ncomms6046},
Key = {fds231691}
}
@article{fds231695,
Author = {Martin, SL and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Theme and variations: heterothermy in mammals.},
Journal = {Integrative and comparative biology},
Volume = {54},
Number = {3},
Pages = {439-442},
Year = {2014},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1540-7063},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icu085},
Abstract = {This collection of articles is focused on the evolutionary
dynamics of heterothermy in mammals, specifically torpor and
hibernation. Topics cover a wide range from evolutionary
genetics, physiology, ecology, and applications to human
health.},
Doi = {10.1093/icb/icu085},
Key = {fds231695}
}
@article{fds231698,
Author = {Villanueva-Cañas, JL and Faherty, SL and Yoder, AD and Albà,
MM},
Title = {Comparative genomics of mammalian hibernators using gene
networks.},
Journal = {Integrative and comparative biology},
Volume = {54},
Number = {3},
Pages = {452-462},
Year = {2014},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1540-7063},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icu048},
Abstract = {In recent years, the study of the molecular processes
involved in mammalian hibernation has shifted from
investigating a few carefully selected candidate genes to
large-scale analysis of differential gene expression. The
availability of high-throughput data provides an
unprecedented opportunity to ask whether phylogenetically
distant species show similar mechanisms of genetic control,
and how these relate to particular genes and pathways
involved in the hibernation phenotype. In order to address
these questions, we compare 11 datasets of differentially
expressed (DE) genes from two ground squirrel species, one
bat species, and the American black bear, as well as a list
of genes extracted from the literature that previously have
been correlated with the drastic physiological changes
associated with hibernation. We identify several genes that
are DE in different species, indicating either ancestral
adaptations or evolutionary convergence. When we use a
network approach to expand the original datasets of DE genes
to large gene networks using available interactome data, a
higher agreement between datasets is achieved. This
indicates that the same key pathways are important for
activating and maintaining the hibernation phenotype.
Functional-term-enrichment analysis identifies several
important metabolic and mitochondrial processes that are
critical for hibernation, such as fatty acid beta-oxidation
and mitochondrial transport. We do not detect any enrichment
of positive selection signatures in the coding sequences of
genes from the networks of hibernation-associated genes,
supporting the hypothesis that the genetic processes shaping
the hibernation phenotype are driven primarily by changes in
gene regulation.},
Doi = {10.1093/icb/icu048},
Key = {fds231698}
}
@article{fds231692,
Author = {Katzourakis, A and Aiewsakun, P and Jia, H and Wolfe, ND and LeBreton,
M and Yoder, AD and Switzer, WM},
Title = {Discovery of prosimian and afrotherian foamy viruses and
potential cross species transmissions amidst stable and
ancient mammalian co-evolution.},
Journal = {Retrovirology},
Volume = {11},
Pages = {61},
Year = {2014},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-11-61},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Foamy viruses (FVs) are a unique
subfamily of retroviruses that are widely distributed in
mammals. Owing to the availability of sequences from diverse
mammals coupled with their pattern of codivergence with
their hosts, FVs have one of the best-understood viral
evolutionary histories ever documented, estimated to have an
ancient origin. Nonetheless, our knowledge of some parts of
FV evolution, notably that of prosimian and afrotherian FVs,
is far from complete due to the lack of sequence
data.<h4>Results</h4>Here, we report the complete genome of
the first extant prosimian FV (PSFV) isolated from a
lorisiforme galago (PSFVgal), and a novel partial endogenous
viral element with high sequence similarity to FVs, present
in the afrotherian Cape golden mole genome (ChrEFV). We also
further characterize a previously discovered endogenous PSFV
present in the aye-aye genome (PSFVaye). Using phylogenetic
methods and available FV sequence data, we show a deep
divergence and stable co-evolution of FVs in eutherian
mammals over 100 million years. Nonetheless, we found that
the evolutionary histories of bat, aye-aye, and New World
monkey FVs conflict with the evolutionary histories of their
hosts. By combining sequence analysis and biogeographical
knowledge, we propose explanations for these mismatches in
FV-host evolutionary history.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Our
discovery of ChrEFV has expanded the FV host range to cover
the whole eutherian clade, and our evolutionary analyses
suggest a stable mammalian FV-host co-speciation pattern
which extends as deep as the exafroplacentalian basal
diversification. Nonetheless, two possible cases of host
switching were observed. One was among New World monkey FVs,
and the other involves PSFVaye and a bat FV which may
involve cross-species transmission at the level of mammalian
orders. Our results highlight the value of integrating
multiple sources of information to elucidate the
evolutionary history of viruses, including continental and
geographical histories, ancestral host locations, in
addition to the natural history of host and
virus.},
Doi = {10.1186/1742-4690-11-61},
Key = {fds231692}
}
@article{fds231693,
Author = {Larsen, PA and Heilman, AM and Yoder, AD},
Title = {The utility of PacBio circular consensus sequencing for
characterizing complex gene families in non-model
organisms.},
Journal = {BMC genomics},
Volume = {15},
Pages = {720},
Year = {2014},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-15-720},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Molecular characterization of highly
diverse gene families can be time consuming, expensive, and
difficult, especially when considering the potential for
relatively large numbers of paralogs and/or pseudogenes.
Here we investigate the utility of Pacific Biosciences
single molecule real-time (SMRT) circular consensus
sequencing (CCS) as an alternative to traditional cloning
and Sanger sequencing PCR amplicons for gene family
characterization. We target vomeronasal gene receptors, one
of the most diverse gene families in mammals, with the goal
of better understanding intra-specific V1R diversity of the
gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus). Our study compares
intragenomic variation for two V1R subfamilies found in the
mouse lemur. Specifically, we compare gene copy variation
within and between two individuals of M. murinus as
characterized by different methods for nucleotide
sequencing. By including the same individual animal from
which the M. murinus draft genome was derived, we are able
to cross-validate gene copy estimates from Sanger sequencing
versus CCS methods.<h4>Results</h4>We generated 34,088 high
quality circular consensus sequences of two diverse V1R
subfamilies (here referred to as V1RI and V1RIX) from two
individuals of Microcebus murinus. Using a minimum threshold
of 7× coverage, we recovered approximately 90% of V1RI
sequences previously identified in the draft M. murinus
genome (59% being identical at all nucleotide positions).
When low coverage sequences were considered (i.e. < 7×
coverage) 100% of V1RI sequences identified in the draft
genome were recovered. At least 13 putatively novel V1R loci
were also identified using CCS technology.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Recent
upgrades to the Pacific Biosciences RS instrument have
improved the CCS technology and offer an alternative to
traditional sequencing approaches. Our results suggest that
the Microcebus murinus V1R repertoire has been
underestimated in the draft genome. In addition to providing
an improved understanding of V1R diversity in the mouse
lemur, this study demonstrates the utility of CCS technology
for characterizing complex regions of the genome. We
anticipate that long-read sequencing technologies such as
PacBio SMRT will allow for the assembly of multigene family
clusters and serve to more accurately characterize patterns
of gene copy variation in large gene families, thus
revealing novel micro-evolutionary patterns within non-model
organisms.},
Doi = {10.1186/1471-2164-15-720},
Key = {fds231693}
}
@article{fds231696,
Author = {Nowak, MD and Haller, BC and Yoder, AD},
Title = {The founding of Mauritian endemic coffee trees by a
synchronous long-distance dispersal event.},
Journal = {Journal of evolutionary biology},
Volume = {27},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1229-1239},
Year = {2014},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1010-061X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12396},
Abstract = {The stochastic process of long-distance dispersal is the
exclusive means by which plants colonize oceanic islands.
Baker's rule posits that self-incompatible plant lineages
are unlikely to successfully colonize oceanic islands
because they must achieve a coordinated long-distance
dispersal of sufficiently numerous individuals to establish
an outcrossing founder population. Here, we show for the
first time that Mauritian Coffea species are
self-incompatible and thus represent an exception to Baker's
rule. The genus Coffea (Rubiaceae) is composed of
approximately 124 species with a paleotropical distribution.
Phylogenetic evidence strongly supports a single
colonization of the oceanic island of Mauritius from either
Madagascar or Africa. We employ Bayesian divergence time
analyses to show that the colonization of Mauritius was not
a recent event. We genotype S-RNase alleles from Mauritian
endemic Coffea, and using S-allele gene genealogies, we show
that the Mauritian allelic diversity is confined to just
seven deeply divergent Coffea S-RNase allelic lineages.
Based on these data, we developed an individual-based model
and performed a simulation study to estimate the most likely
number of founding individuals involved in the colonization
of Mauritius. Our simulations show that to explain the
observed S-RNase allelic diversity, the founding population
was likely composed of fewer than 31 seeds that were likely
synchronously dispersed from an ancestral mainland
species.},
Doi = {10.1111/jeb.12396},
Key = {fds231696}
}
@article{fds231700,
Author = {Zehr, SM and Taylor, JP and Roach, RG and Haring, D and Cameron, FH and Dean, M and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Prosimian primate life history profiles generated from the
new Duke Lemur Center Database (coming soon to a URL near
you!)},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {153},
Pages = {281-281},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000331225100967&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds231700}
}
@article{fds231701,
Author = {Blair, C and Heckman, KL and Russell, AL and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {Multilocus coalescent analyses reveal the demographic
history and speciation patterns of mouse lemur sister
species.},
Journal = {BMC evolutionary biology},
Volume = {14},
Number = {1},
Pages = {57},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-14-57},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Debate continues as to whether allopatric
speciation or peripatric speciation through a founder effect
is the predominant force driving evolution in vertebrates.
The mouse lemurs of Madagascar are a system in which
evolution has generated a large number of species over a
relatively recent time frame. Here, we examine speciation
patterns in a pair of sister species of mouse lemur,
Microcebus murinus and M. griseorufus. These two species
have ranges that are disparately proportioned in size, with
M. murinus showing a much more extensive range that
marginally overlaps that of M. griseorufus. Given that these
two species are sister taxa, the asymmetric but overlapping
geographic ranges are consistent with a model of peripatric
speciation. To test this hypothesis, we analyze DNA sequence
data from four molecular markers using coalescent methods.
If the peripatric speciation model is supported, we predict
substantially greater genetic diversity in M. murinus,
relative to M. griseorufus. Further, we expect a larger
effective population size in M. murinus and in the common
ancestor of the two species than in M. griseorufus, with a
concomitant decrease in gene tree/species tree incongruence
in the latter and weak signs of demographic expansion in M.
murinus.<h4>Results</h4>Our results reject a model of
peripatric divergence. Coalescent effective population size
estimates were similar for both extant species and larger
than that estimated for their most recent common ancestor.
Gene tree results show similar levels of incomplete lineage
sorting within species with respect to the species tree, and
locus-specific estimates of genetic diversity are concordant
for both species. Multilocus demographic analyses suggest
range expansions for M. murinus, with this species also
experiencing more recent population declines over the past
160 thousand years.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Results suggest that
speciation occurred in allopatry from a common ancestor
narrowly distributed throughout southwest Madagascar, with
subsequent range expansion for M. murinus. Population
decline in M. murinus is likely related to patterns of
climate change in Madagascar throughout the Pleistocene,
potentially exacerbated by continual anthropogenic
perturbation. Genome-level data are needed to quantify the
role of niche specialization and adaptation in shaping the
current ranges of these species.},
Doi = {10.1186/1471-2148-14-57},
Key = {fds231701}
}
@article{fds231680,
Author = {Zehr, SM and Roach, RG and Haring, D and Taylor, J and Cameron, FH and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Life history profiles for 27 strepsirrhine primate taxa
generated using captive data from the Duke Lemur
Center.},
Journal = {Scientific data},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {140019},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2014.19},
Abstract = {Since its establishment in 1966, the Duke Lemur Center (DLC)
has accumulated detailed records for nearly 4,200
individuals from over 40 strepsirrhine primate taxa-the
lemurs, lorises, and galagos. Here we present verified data
for 3,627 individuals of 27 taxa in the form of a life
history table containing summarized species values for
variables relating to ancestry, reproduction, longevity, and
body mass, as well as the two raw data files containing
direct and calculated variables from which this summary
table is built. Large sample sizes, longitudinal data that
in many cases span an animal's entire life, exact dates of
events, and large numbers of individuals from closely
related yet biologically diverse primate taxa make these
datasets unique. This single source for verified raw data
and systematically compiled species values, particularly in
combination with the availability of associated biological
samples and the current live colony for research, will
support future studies from an enormous spectrum of
disciplines.},
Doi = {10.1038/sdata.2014.19},
Key = {fds231680}
}
@article{fds231690,
Author = {Yoder, AD and Larsen, PA},
Title = {The molecular evolutionary dynamics of the vomeronasal
receptor (class 1) genes in primates: a gene family on the
verge of a functional breakdown.},
Journal = {Frontiers in neuroanatomy},
Volume = {8},
Pages = {153},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2014.00153},
Abstract = {Olfaction plays a critical role in both survival of the
individual and in the propagation of species. Studies from
across the mammalian clade have found a remarkable
correlation between organismal lifestyle and molecular
evolutionary properties of receptor genes in both the main
olfactory system (MOS) and the vomeronasal system (VNS).
When a large proportion of intact (and putatively
functional) copies is observed, the inference is made that a
particular mode of chemoreception is critical for an
organism's fit to its environment and is thus under strong
positive selection. Conversely, when the receptors in
question show a disproportionately large number of
pseudogene copies, this contraction is interpreted as
evidence of relaxed selection potentially leading to gene
family extinction. Notably, it appears that a risk factor
for gene family extinction is a high rate of nonsynonymous
substitution. A survey of intact vs. pseudogene copies among
primate vomeronasal receptor Class one genes (V1Rs) appears
to substantiate this hypothesis. Molecular evolutionary
complexities in the V1R gene family combine rapid rates of
gene duplication, gene conversion, lineage-specific
expansions, deletions, and/or pseudogenization. An intricate
mix of phylogenetic footprints and current adaptive
landscapes have left their mark on primate V1Rs suggesting
that the primate clade offers an ideal model system for
exploring the molecular evolutionary and functional
properties of the VNS of mammals. Primate V1Rs tell a story
of ancestral function and divergent selection as species
have moved into ever diversifying adaptive regimes. The
sensitivity to functional collapse in these genes,
consequent to their precariously high rates of nonsynonymous
substitution, confer a remarkable capacity to reveal the
lifestyles of the genomes that they presently occupy as well
as those of their ancestors.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnana.2014.00153},
Key = {fds231690}
}
@article{fds231694,
Author = {Jenkins, RKB and Tognelli, MF and Bowles, P and Cox, N and Brown, JL and Chan, L and Andreone, F and Andriamazava, A and Andriantsimanarilafy,
RR and Anjeriniaina, M and Bora, P and Brady, LD and Hantalalaina, EF and Glaw, F and Griffiths, RA and Hilton-Taylor, C and Hoffmann, M and Katariya, V and Rabibisoa, NH and Rafanomezantsoa, J and Rakotomalala, D and Rakotondravony, H and Rakotondrazafy, NA and Ralambonirainy, J and Ramanamanjato, J-B and Randriamahazo, H and Randrianantoandro, JC and Randrianasolo, HH and Randrianirina, JE and Randrianizahana, H and Raselimanana, AP and Rasolohery, A and Ratsoavina, FM and Raxworthy, CJ and Robsomanitrandrasana, E and Rollande, F and van Dijk, PP and Yoder, AD and Vences,
M},
Title = {Extinction risks and the conservation of Madagascar's
reptiles.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {9},
Number = {8},
Pages = {e100173},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100173},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>An understanding of the conservation
status of Madagascar's endemic reptile species is needed to
underpin conservation planning and priority setting in this
global biodiversity hotspot, and to complement existing
information on the island's mammals, birds and amphibians.
We report here on the first systematic assessment of the
extinction risk of endemic and native non-marine Malagasy
snakes, lizards, turtles and tortoises.<h4>Methodology/principal
findings</h4>Species range maps from The IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species were analysed to determine patterns in
the distribution of threatened reptile species. These data,
in addition to information on threats, were used to identify
priority areas and actions for conservation. Thirty-nine
percent of the data-sufficient Malagasy reptiles in our
analyses are threatened with extinction. Areas in the north,
west and south-east were identified as having more
threatened species than expected and are therefore
conservation priorities. Habitat degradation caused by wood
harvesting and non-timber crops was the most pervasive
threat. The direct removal of reptiles for international
trade and human consumption threatened relatively few
species, but were the primary threats for tortoises. Nine
threatened reptile species are endemic to recently created
protected areas.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>With a few
alarming exceptions, the threatened endemic reptiles of
Madagascar occur within the national network of protected
areas, including some taxa that are only found in new
protected areas. Threats to these species, however, operate
inside and outside protected area boundaries. This analysis
has identified priority sites for reptile conservation and
completes the conservation assessment of terrestrial
vertebrates in Madagascar which will facilitate conservation
planning, monitoring and wise-decision making. In sharp
contrast with the amphibians, there is significant reptile
diversity and regional endemism in the southern and western
regions of Madagascar and this study highlights the
importance of these arid regions to conserving the island's
biodiversity.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0100173},
Key = {fds231694}
}
@article{fds231699,
Author = {Mckenney, EA and Rodrigo, A and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Species-specific assembly of the gut microbiota in
lemurs},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {54},
Pages = {E137-E137},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1540-7063},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000333049501080&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds231699}
}
@article{fds231702,
Author = {Yoder, AD},
Title = {Gene flow happens.},
Journal = {Evolutionary anthropology},
Volume = {23},
Number = {1},
Pages = {15-17},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1060-1538},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.21397},
Keywords = {Invited essay},
Abstract = {Debate over what is a species was already considered old hat
when Darwin wrote his seminal abstract (as he called it)
more than 150 years ago.(1) Endless papers, workshops, and
symposia have been presented in an effort to "solve" the
species problem. Yet, here we are, at it again. Has there
been any progress? I believe that there has been, and that
among the many advances enabled by the genomics revolution,
progress on species concepts and species recognition is
among them. To quote Feder and colleagues,(2) we are on the
brink of a "unified theory of speciation
genomics."},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.21397},
Key = {fds231702}
}
@article{fds231703,
Author = {Yoder, AD and Chan, LM and dos Reis, M and Larsen, PA and Campbell, CR and Rasoloarison, R and Barrett, M and Roos, C and Kappeler, P and Bielawski, J and Yang, Z},
Title = {Molecular evolutionary characterization of a V1R subfamily
unique to strepsirrhine primates.},
Journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
Volume = {6},
Number = {1},
Pages = {213-227},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24398377},
Abstract = {Vomeronasal receptor genes have frequently been invoked as
integral to the establishment and maintenance of species
boundaries among mammals due to the elaborate one-to-one
correspondence between semiochemical signals and neuronal
sensory inputs. Here, we report the most extensive sample of
vomeronasal receptor class 1 (V1R) sequences ever generated
for a diverse yet phylogenetically coherent group of
mammals, the tooth-combed primates (suborder Strepsirrhini).
Phylogenetic analysis confirms our intensive sampling from a
single V1R subfamily, apparently unique to the strepsirrhine
primates. We designate this subfamily as V1Rstrep. The
subfamily retains extensive repertoires of gene copies that
descend from an ancestral gene duplication that appears to
have occurred prior to the diversification of all lemuriform
primates excluding the basal genus Daubentonia (the
aye-aye). We refer to the descendent clades as V1Rstrep-α
and V1Rstrep-β. Comparison of the two clades reveals
different amino acid compositions corresponding to the
predicted ligand-binding site and thus potentially to
altered functional profiles between the two. In agreement
with previous studies of the mouse lemur (genus,
Microcebus), the majority of V1Rstrep gene copies appear to
be intact and under strong positive selection, particularly
within transmembrane regions. Finally, despite the
surprisingly high number of gene copies identified in this
study, it is nonetheless probable that V1R diversity remains
underestimated in these nonmodel primates and that complete
characterization will be limited until high-coverage
assembled genomes are available.},
Doi = {10.1093/gbe/evu006},
Key = {fds231703}
}
@article{fds231704,
Author = {Shi, JJ and Chan, LM and Rakotomalala, Z and Heilman, AM and Goodman,
SM and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Latitude drives diversification in Madagascar's endemic dry
forest rodent eliurus myoxinus (subfamily
Nesomyinae)},
Journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society},
Volume = {110},
Number = {3},
Pages = {500-517},
Year = {2013},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0024-4066},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bij.12143},
Abstract = {Numerous hypotheses have been proposed for the historical
processes governing the rich endemism of Madagascar's
biodiversity. The 'watershed model' suggests that drier
climates in the recent geological past have resulted in the
contraction of forests around major watersheds, thereby
defining areas of endemism. We test whether this hypothesis
explains phylogeographical patterns in a dry
forest-dependent rodent, Eliurus myoxinus, an endemic
species widely distributed through western Madagascar. We
sequenced the mitochondrial cytochrome b locus and nuclear
introns of the β-fibrinogen and the growth hormone receptor
genes for E. myoxinus. Using a parametric bootstrapping
approach, we tested whether the mitochondrial gene tree data
fit expectations of local differentiation given the
watershed model. We additionally estimated population
differentiation and historical demographic parameters, and
reconstructed the spatial history of E. myoxinus to
highlight spatial and temporal patterns of differentiation.
The data do not support the watershed model as a clear
explanation for the genetic patterns of diversity within
extant E. myoxinus populations. We find striking patterns of
latitudinal genetic structure within western Madagascar, and
indicate possible roles for environmental and ecological
gradients along this axis in generating phylogeographical
diversity. © 2013 The Linnean Society of
London.},
Doi = {10.1111/bij.12143},
Key = {fds231704}
}
@article{fds231705,
Author = {Chan, LM and Archie, JW and Yoder, AD and Fitzgerald,
LA},
Title = {Erratum: Review of the systematic status of Sceloporus
arenicolus Degenhardt and Jones, 1972 with an estimate of
divergence time (Zootaxa (2013) 3664:3 (312-320))},
Journal = {Zootaxa},
Volume = {3686},
Number = {1},
Pages = {99-100},
Publisher = {MAGNOLIA PRESS},
Year = {2013},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1175-5326},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3686.1.8},
Doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.3686.1.8},
Key = {fds231705}
}
@article{fds231707,
Author = {Barrett, MA and Brown, JL and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Conservation: Protection for trade of precious
rosewood.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {499},
Number = {7456},
Pages = {29},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2013},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/499029c},
Doi = {10.1038/499029c},
Key = {fds231707}
}
@article{fds231709,
Author = {Rasoloarison, RM and Weisrock, DW and Yoder, AD and Rakotondravony,
D and Kappeler, PM},
Title = {Two New Species of Mouse Lemurs (Cheirogaleidae: Microcebus)
from Eastern Madagascar},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {34},
Number = {3},
Pages = {455-469},
Year = {2013},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0164-0291},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-013-9672-1},
Abstract = {The number of newly discovered Malagasy vertebrate taxa has
multiplied in recent years, emphasizing the importance of
complete taxon sampling for phylogenetics, biogeography,
functional ecology, and conservation biology, especially in
such a biodiversity hotspot. In particular, the diversity of
extant lemurs is much higher than previously thought, and we
have yet to comprehend fully the full extent of lemuriform
biodiversity. A recent genetic analysis of mtDNA and nDNA
sequence data in Malagasy mouse lemurs revealed the
existence of several novel mtDNA clades based on new field
sampling. These geographically defined and previously
unrecognized mtDNA clades corresponded precisely to patterns
of population structure revealed in the analysis of the nDNA
data, thus confirming their evolutionary divergence from
other mouse lemur clades. Two of these independently
evolving lineages correspond to specimens that were
collected by us in the Marolambo and Manantantely/Ivorona
regions. Here we summarize the genetic evidence and report
on the morphometric and external characteristics of these
animals, formally describing them as new species. This
report thus brings the number of currently recognized and
described mouse lemur species to 20. The forests in which
these mouse lemurs were discovered have been heavily
degraded in the past decade, prompting the classification of
one of the new species as Endangered by the IUCN, even
before its formal description. As with several other newly
described lemur species, immediate field studies and
appropriate conservation actions are therefore urgent. ©
2013 Springer Science+Business Media New
York.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10764-013-9672-1},
Key = {fds231709}
}
@article{fds231711,
Author = {Yoder, AD},
Title = {Evolution. Fossils versus clocks.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {339},
Number = {6120},
Pages = {656-658},
Year = {2013},
Month = {February},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23393254},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1233999},
Key = {fds231711}
}
@article{fds231744,
Author = {Yoder, AD},
Title = {The lemur revolution starts now: the genomic coming of age
for a non-model organism.},
Journal = {Molecular phylogenetics and evolution},
Volume = {66},
Number = {2},
Pages = {442-452},
Year = {2013},
Month = {February},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22982436},
Abstract = {Morris Goodman was a revolutionary. Together with a mere
handful of like-minded scientists, Morris established
himself as a leader in the molecular phylogenetic revolution
of the 1960s. The effects of this revolution are most
evident in this journal, which he founded in 1992. Happily
for lemur biologists, one of Morris Goodman's primary
interests was in reconstructing the phylogeny of the
primates, including the tooth-combed Lorisifomes of Africa
and Asia, and the Lemuriformes of Madagascar (collectively
referred to as the suborder Strepsirrhini). This paper
traces the development of molecular phylogenetic and
evolutionary genetic trends and methods over the 50-year
expanse of Morris Goodman's career, particularly as they
apply to our understanding of lemuriform phylogeny,
biogeography, and biology. Notably, this perspective reveals
that the lemuriform genome is sufficiently rich in
phylogenetic signal such that the very earliest molecular
phylogenetic studies - many of which were conducted by
Goodman himself - have been validated by contemporary
studies that have exploited advanced computational methods
applied to phylogenomic scale data; studies that were beyond
imagining in the earliest days of phylogeny reconstruction.
Nonetheless, the frontier still beckons. New technologies
for gathering and analyzing genomic data will allow
investigators to build upon what can now be considered a
nearly-known phylogeny of the Lemuriformes in order to ask
innovative questions about the evolutionary mechanisms that
generate and maintain the extraordinary breadth and depth of
biological diversity within this remarkable clade of
primates.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2012.08.024},
Key = {fds231744}
}
@article{fds231708,
Author = {Chan, LM and Archie, JW and Yoder, AD and Fitzgerald,
LA},
Title = {Review of the systematic status of Sceloporus arenicolus
Degenhardt and Jones, 1972 with an estimate of divergence
time.},
Journal = {Zootaxa},
Volume = {3664},
Number = {3},
Pages = {312-320},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1175-5326},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3664.3.2},
Abstract = {The sagebrush lizards (Sceloporus graciosus group) consist
of four taxa (S. graciosus graciosus, S. graciosus gracilis,
S. graciosus vandenburgianus, and S. arenicolus) distributed
in western North America. Of these, S. arenicolus is
morphologically, behaviorally, and ecologically distinct as
well as geographically disjunct from the other taxa,
occurring only in the Mescalero-Monahans Sandhills of
southeastern New Mexico and adjacent Texas. Sceloporus
arenicolus is a taxon of concern because of its small range
and habitat alteration due to land use practices.
Understanding evolutionary relationships among members of
the S. graciosus group, and especially S. arenicolus, has
important implications for conservation. We examine the
phylogenetic relationship of S. arenicolus relative to the
three recognized subspecies of S. graciosus at mitochondrial
and nuclear loci for populations sampled throughout the
ranges of these taxa. Additionally, we estimate the
divergence time and clade age of S. arenicolus. We find that
the S. graciosus group is in need of major taxonomic
revision, and also confirm that S. arenicolus is a
genetically distinct and divergent lineage. These results
bear important consequences for conservation and
management.},
Doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.3664.3.2},
Key = {fds231708}
}
@article{fds231710,
Author = {Blanco, MB and Dausmann, KH and Ranaivoarisoa, JF and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {Underground hibernation in a primate.},
Journal = {Scientific reports},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {1768},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23636180},
Abstract = {Hibernation in mammals is a remarkable state of heterothermy
wherein metabolic rates are reduced, core body temperatures
reach ambient levels, and key physiological functions are
suspended. Typically, hibernation is observed in
cold-adapted mammals, though it has also been documented in
tropical species and even primates, such as the dwarf lemurs
of Madagascar. Western fat-tailed dwarf lemurs are known to
hibernate for seven months per year inside tree holes. Here,
we report for the first time the observation that eastern
dwarf lemurs also hibernate, though in self-made underground
hibernacula. Hence, we show evidence that a clawless primate
is able to bury itself below ground. Our findings that dwarf
lemurs can hibernate underground in tropical forests draw
unforeseen parallels to mammalian temperate hibernation. We
expect that this work will illuminate fundamental
information about the influence of temperature, resource
limitation and use of insulated hibernacula on the evolution
of hibernation.},
Doi = {10.1038/srep01768},
Key = {fds231710}
}
@article{fds220923,
Author = {Barrett, M.A. and Brown, J.L. and Junge, R.E. and A.D.
Yoder},
Title = {Climate change, predictive modeling and lemur health:
assessing impacts of changing climate on health and
conservation in Madagascar},
Journal = {Biological Conservation},
Volume = {157},
Pages = {409-422},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds220923}
}
@article{fds220924,
Author = {A.D. Yoder},
Title = {The lemur revolution starts now: the genomic coming of age
of a non-model organism},
Journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution},
Volume = {66},
Number = {2},
Pages = {442-452},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds220924}
}
@article{fds231706,
Author = {Krystal, AD and Schopler, B and Kobbe, S and Williams, C and Rakatondrainibe, H and Yoder, AD and Klopfer, P},
Title = {The relationship of sleep with temperature and metabolic
rate in a hibernating primate.},
Journal = {PLoS One},
Volume = {8},
Number = {9},
Pages = {e69914},
Year = {2013},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24023713},
Abstract = {STUDY OBJECTIVES: It has long been suspected that sleep is
important for regulating body temperature and
metabolic-rate. Hibernation, a state of acute hypothermia
and reduced metabolic-rate, offers a promising system for
investigating those relationships. Prior studies in
hibernating ground squirrels report that, although sleep
occurs during hibernation, it manifests only as non-REM
sleep, and only at relatively high temperatures. In our
study, we report data on sleep during hibernation in a
lemuriform primate, Cheirogaleus medius. As the only primate
known to experience prolonged periods of hibernation and as
an inhabitant of more temperate climates than ground
squirrels, this animal serves as an alternative model for
exploring sleep temperature/metabolism relationships that
may be uniquely relevant to understanding human physiology.
MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: We find that during hibernation,
non-REM sleep is absent in Cheirogaleus. Rather, periods of
REM sleep occur during periods of relatively high ambient
temperature, a pattern opposite of that observed in ground
squirrels. Like ground squirrels, however, EEG is marked by
ultra-low voltage activity at relatively low
metabolic-rates. CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirm a
sleep-temperature/metabolism link, though they also suggest
that the relationship of sleep stage with
temperature/metabolism is flexible and may differ across
species or mammalian orders. The absence of non-REM sleep
suggests that during hibernation in Cheirogaleus, like in
the ground squirrel, the otherwise universal non-REM sleep
homeostatic response is greatly curtailed or absent. Lastly,
ultra-low voltage EEG appears to be a cross-species marker
for extremely low metabolic-rate, and, as such, may be an
attractive target for research on hibernation
induction.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0069914},
Key = {fds231706}
}
@article{fds231747,
Author = {Klopfer, PH and Krystal, A and Williams, C and Yoder,
A},
Title = {Neuroethology: Do hibernating primates sleep?},
Journal = {Nova Acta Leopoldina},
Volume = {111},
Number = {380},
Pages = {15-27},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds231747}
}
@article{fds231746,
Author = {Nowak, MD and Davis, AP and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Sequence data from new plastid and nuclear cosii regions
resolves early diverging lineages in coffea
(Rubiaceae)},
Journal = {Systematic Botany},
Volume = {37},
Number = {4},
Pages = {995-1005},
Publisher = {American Society of Plant Taxonomists},
Year = {2012},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0363-6445},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364412X656482},
Abstract = {Resolving phylogenetic relationships within the economically
important genus Coffea (Rubiaceae) has proven to be
difficult due to low levels of plastid and nuclear ITS
sequence divergence. The recent identification of a large
number of conserved, single-copy, putatively orthologous
genes (COSII) provides a unique opportunity to apply regions
of the nuclear genome to phylogenetic studies of Euasterid
species. We expand a previously published plastid data set
of Coffea with the addition of three new plastid regions and
a single COSII nuclear locus. Significant phylogenetic
incongruence is identified between the plastid and nuclear
COSII data sets, and a combined analysis is performed after
removal of incongruent taxa. Phylogenetic results from
plastid, nuclear, and combined plastid/nuclear data sets
allow the novel identification of early diverging lineages
in Coffea. Specifically, the data show that a group of
predominately Lower-Guinea/Congolian Coffea species form a
clade that is sister to the rest of the genus, and that the
dry adapted baracoffea alliance from western Madagascar
falls outside of previously defined East Africa/Indian Ocean
and Indian Ocean clades. Well-supported patterns of
phylogenetic incongruence are observed between plastid and
nuclear data in several species, suggesting a potential role
for hybridization in their evolutionary history. The results
also provide further evidence for the paraphyly of African
Coffea and support the supposition that the evolutionary
history of the genus is more complicated than previously
proposed. © Copyright 2012 by the American Society of Plant
Taxonomists.},
Doi = {10.1600/036364412X656482},
Key = {fds231746}
}
@article{fds231740,
Author = {Chan, LM and Choi, D and Raselimanana, AP and Rakotondravony, HA and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Defining spatial and temporal patterns of phylogeographic
structure in Madagascar's iguanid lizards (genus
Oplurus).},
Journal = {Molecular ecology},
Volume = {21},
Number = {15},
Pages = {3839-3851},
Year = {2012},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22694729},
Abstract = {Understanding the remarkably high species diversity and
levels of endemism found among Madagascar's flora and fauna
has been the focus of many studies. One hypothesis that has
received much attention proposes that Quaternary climate
fluctuations spurred diversification. While spatial patterns
of distribution and phylogenetic relationships can provide
support for biogeographic predictions, temporal estimates of
divergence are required to determine the fit of these
geospatial patterns to climatic or biogeographic mechanisms.
We use multilocus DNA sequence data to test whether
divergence times among Malagasy iguanid lizards of the
subfamily Oplurinae are compatible with a hypotheses of
Pliocene-Pleistocene diversification. We estimate the
oplurine species tree and associated divergence times under
a relaxed-clock model. In addition, we examine the
phylogeographic structure and population divergence times
within two sister species of Oplurus primarily distributed
in the north-west and south-west of Madagascar (Oplurus
cuvieri and Oplurus cyclurus, respectively). We find that
divergence events among oplurine lineages occurred in the
Oligocene and Miocene and are thus far older and
incompatible with the hypothesis that recent climate
fluctuations are related to current species diversity.
However, the timing of intraspecific divergences and spatial
patterns of population genetic structure within O. cuvieri
and O. cyclurus suggest a role for both intrinsic barriers
and recent climate fluctuations at population-level
divergences. Integrating information across spatial and
temporal scales allows us to identify and better understand
the mechanisms generating patterns diversity.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05651.x},
Key = {fds231740}
}
@article{fds231748,
Author = {Weisrock, DW and Smith, SD and Chan, LM and Biebouw, K and Kappeler, PM and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Concatenation and concordance in the reconstruction of mouse
lemur phylogeny: an empirical demonstration of the effect of
allele sampling in phylogenetics.},
Journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
Volume = {29},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1615-1630},
Year = {2012},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0737-4038},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mss008},
Abstract = {The systematics and speciation literature is rich with
discussion relating to the potential for gene tree/species
tree discordance. Numerous mechanisms have been proposed to
generate discordance, including differential selection,
long-branch attraction, gene duplication, genetic
introgression, and/or incomplete lineage sorting. For
speciose clades in which divergence has occurred recently
and rapidly, recovering the true species tree can be
particularly problematic due to incomplete lineage sorting.
Unfortunately, the availability of multilocus or
"phylogenomic" data sets does not simply solve the problem,
particularly when the data are analyzed with standard
concatenation techniques. In our study, we conduct a
phylogenetic study for a nearly complete species sample of
the dwarf and mouse lemur clade, Cheirogaleidae. Mouse
lemurs (genus, Microcebus) have been intensively studied
over the past decade for reasons relating to their high
level of cryptic species diversity, and although there has
been emerging consensus regarding the evolutionary diversity
contained within the genus, there is no agreement as to the
inter-specific relationships within the group. We attempt to
resolve cheirogaleid phylogeny, focusing especially on the
mouse lemurs, by employing a large multilocus data set. We
compare the results of Bayesian concordance methods with
those of standard gene concatenation, finding that though
concatenation yields the strongest results as measured by
statistical support, these results are found to be highly
misleading. By employing an approach where individual
alleles are treated as operational taxonomic units, we show
that phylogenetic results are substantially influenced by
the selection of alleles in the concatenation
process.},
Doi = {10.1093/molbev/mss008},
Key = {fds231748}
}
@article{fds231712,
Author = {Faherty, SL and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Assessing gene expression profiles during seasonal
thermoregulation in a hibernating primate, Cheirogaleus
medius},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {52},
Pages = {E242-E242},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2012},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1540-7063},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000303165001432&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds231712}
}
@article{fds231749,
Author = {Perry, GH and Melsted, P and Marioni, JC and Wang, Y and Bainer, R and Pickrell, JK and Michelini, K and Zehr, S and Yoder, AD and Stephens, M and Pritchard, JK and Gilad, Y},
Title = {Comparative RNA sequencing reveals substantial genetic
variation in endangered primates.},
Journal = {Genome research},
Volume = {22},
Number = {4},
Pages = {602-610},
Year = {2012},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1088-9051},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.130468.111},
Abstract = {Comparative genomic studies in primates have yielded
important insights into the evolutionary forces that shape
genetic diversity and revealed the likely genetic basis for
certain species-specific adaptations. To date, however,
these studies have focused on only a small number of
species. For the majority of nonhuman primates, including
some of the most critically endangered, genome-level data
are not yet available. In this study, we have taken the
first steps toward addressing this gap by sequencing RNA
from the livers of multiple individuals from each of 16
mammalian species, including humans and 11 nonhuman
primates. Of the nonhuman primate species, five are lemurs
and two are lorisoids, for which little or no genomic data
were previously available. To analyze these data, we
developed a method for de novo assembly and alignment of
orthologous gene sequences across species. We assembled an
average of 5721 gene sequences per species and characterized
diversity and divergence of both gene sequences and gene
expression levels. We identified patterns of variation that
are consistent with the action of positive or directional
selection, including an 18-fold enrichment of peroxisomal
genes among genes whose regulation likely evolved under
directional selection in the ancestral primate lineage.
Importantly, we found no relationship between genetic
diversity and endangered status, with the two most
endangered species in our study, the black and white ruffed
lemur and the Coquerel's sifaka, having the highest genetic
diversity among all primates. Our observations imply that
many endangered lemur populations still harbor considerable
genetic variation. Timely efforts to conserve these species
alongside their habitats have, therefore, strong potential
to achieve long-term success.},
Doi = {10.1101/gr.130468.111},
Key = {fds231749}
}
@article{fds213946,
Author = {Nowak, M.D. and Davis, A.P. and A.D. Yoder},
Title = {Sequence data from new plastid and nuclear COSII regions
resolves early diverging lineages in Coffea
(Rubiaceae)},
Journal = {Systematic Botany},
Volume = {37},
Number = {4},
Pages = {995-1005},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds213946}
}
@article{fds220927,
Author = {Klopfer, P. and Krystal. A. and Williams, C. and A.D.
Yoder},
Title = {Neuroethology: do hibernating primates sleep?},
Journal = {Nova Acta Leopoldina},
Volume = {111},
Number = {380},
Pages = {15-27},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds220927}
}
@article{fds231745,
Author = {Barrett, MA and Brown, JL and Junge, RE and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {Climate change, predictive modeling and lemur health:
assessing impacts of changing climate on health and
conservation in Madagascar},
Journal = {Conservation Biology},
Volume = {157},
Pages = {409-422},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2012},
ISSN = {0006-3207},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.09.003},
Abstract = {Deforestation and a changing climate threaten the health and
survival of lemurs in Madagascar. An important component of
lemur health, parasite infection can reduce fitness and
survival outcomes. Future lemur parasite richness, abundance
and distribution may be highly influenced by climate change.
Current knowledge of lemur parasites is narrow in geographic
and temporal scope, with sampling at a limited number of
sites, and thus far, there have been no attempts to assess
the effects of climate change on lemur parasite
distributions. We used geospatial tools to predict the
distributions of six lemur parasites of high frequency and
pathogenic potential. We then assessed how anticipated
climate shifts in Madagascar may alter the distributions of
these lemur parasites in the future. Under current climate
conditions, we found that the focal parasites exhibited
widespread potential distributions across Madagascar,
covering 12-26% of surface land area and 40-86% of forested
area. Our analyses also showed that parasites responded
differently to projected climate changes, with shifts
ranging from a contraction of current distributions by 7% to
an expansion of 60%. A predicted net expansion in parasite
distribution may expose naive lemur hosts to new parasites,
which could have a profound effect on lemur health. Those
parasites with the greatest potential for harmful effects
are predicted to experience the largest expansion in range.
Predicting these changing distributions will be critical for
assessing population health, improving protected area
design, preparing for reintroduction efforts and addressing
potential parasite risk in lemurs, humans and domestic
animals. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2012.09.003},
Key = {fds231745}
}
@article{fds231750,
Author = {Junge, RE and Barrett, MA and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Effects of anthropogenic disturbance on indri (Indri indri)
health in Madagascar.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {73},
Number = {7},
Pages = {632-642},
Year = {2011},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0275-2565},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20938},
Abstract = {Anthropogenic habitat disturbance impairs ecosystem health
by fragmenting forested areas, introducing environmental
contamination, and reducing the quality of habitat
resources. The effect of this disturbance on wildlife health
is of particular concern in Madagascar, one of the world's
biodiversity hotspots, where anthropogenic pressures on the
environment remain high. Despite the conservation importance
of threatened lemur populations in Madagascar, few data
exist on the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on lemur
health. To examine these impacts, indri (Indri indri)
populations were evaluated from two forest reserves that
differ in their exposure to anthropogenic disturbance. We
compared the health status of 36 indri individuals from two
sites: one population from a protected, undisturbed area of
lowland evergreen humid forest and the other population from
a reserve exposed to frequent tourism and forest
degradation. Comparison of indri health parameters between
sites suggests an impact of anthropogenic disturbance,
including significant differences in leukocyte count and
differential, 12 serum parameters, 6 trace minerals, and a
higher diversity of parasites, with a significant difference
in the presence of the louse, Trichophilopterus
babakotophilus. These data suggest that indri living in
disturbed forests may experience physiological changes and
increased susceptibility to parasitism, which may ultimately
impair reproductive success and survival.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.20938},
Key = {fds231750}
}
@article{fds231739,
Author = {Chan, LM and Brown, JL and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Integrating statistical genetic and geospatial methods
brings new power to phylogeography.},
Journal = {Molecular phylogenetics and evolution},
Volume = {59},
Number = {2},
Pages = {523-537},
Year = {2011},
Month = {May},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21352934},
Abstract = {The field of phylogeography continues to grow in terms of
power and accessibility. Initially uniting population
genetics and phylogenetics, it now spans disciplines as
diverse as geology, statistics, climatology, ecology,
physiology, and bioinformatics to name a few. One major and
recent integration driving the field forward is between
"statistical phylogeography" and Geographic Information
Systems (GIS) (Knowles, 2009). Merging genetic and
geospatial data, and their associated methodological
toolkits, is helping to bring explicit hypothesis testing to
the field of phylogeography. Hypotheses derived from one
approach can be reciprocally tested with data derived from
the other field and the synthesis of these data can help
place demographic events in an historical and spatial
context, guide genetic sampling, and point to areas for
further investigation. Here, we present three practical
examples of empirical analysis that integrate statistical
genetic and GIS tools to construct and test phylogeographic
hypotheses. Insights into the evolutionary mechanisms
underlying recent divergences can benefit from
simultaneously considering diverse types of information to
iteratively test and reformulate hypotheses. Our goal is to
provide the reader with an introduction to the variety of
available tools and their potential application to typical
questions in phylogeography with the hope that integrative
methods will be more broadly and commonly applied to other
biological systems and data sets.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2011.01.020},
Key = {fds231739}
}
@article{fds231713,
Author = {Heilman, AM and Chan, LM and Rakotomalala, Z and Goodman, SM and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {A multilocus phylogeographic study of a rodent (Eliurus
myoxinus) distributed throughout western
Madagascar},
Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
Volume = {51},
Pages = {E200-E200},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2011},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1540-7063},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000288278100173&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds231713}
}
@article{fds231752,
Author = {Chan, LM and Goodman, SM and Nowak, MD and Weisrock, DW and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {Increased population sampling confirms low genetic
divergence among Pteropus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) fruit
bats of Madagascar and other western Indian Ocean
islands.},
Journal = {PLoS currents},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {RRN1226},
Year = {2011},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21479256},
Abstract = {Fruit bats of the genus Pteropus occur throughout the
Austral-Asian region west to islands off the eastern coast
of Africa. Recent phylogenetic analyses of Pteropus from the
western Indian Ocean found low sequence divergence and poor
phylogenetic resolution among several morphologically
defined species. We reexamine the phylogenetic relationships
of these taxa by using multiple individuals per species. In
addition, we estimate population genetic structure in two
well-sampled taxa occurring on Madagascar and the Comoro
Islands (P. rufus and P. seychellensis comorensis). Despite
finding a similar pattern of low sequence divergence among
species, increased sampling provides insight into the
phylogeographic history of western Indian Ocean Pteropus,
uncovering high levels of gene flow within
species.},
Doi = {10.1371/currents.rrn1226},
Key = {fds231752}
}
@article{fds231751,
Author = {Nowak, MD and Davis, AP and Anthony, F and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {Expression and trans-specific polymorphism of
self-incompatibility RNases in coffea (Rubiaceae).},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {6},
Number = {6},
Pages = {e21019},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21731641},
Abstract = {Self-incompatibility (SI) is widespread in the angiosperms,
but identifying the biochemical components of SI mechanisms
has proven to be difficult in most lineages. Coffea (coffee;
Rubiaceae) is a genus of old-world tropical understory trees
in which the vast majority of diploid species utilize a
mechanism of gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI). The
S-RNase GSI system was one of the first SI mechanisms to be
biochemically characterized, and likely represents the
ancestral Eudicot condition as evidenced by its functional
characterization in both asterid (Solanaceae,
Plantaginaceae) and rosid (Rosaceae) lineages. The S-RNase
GSI mechanism employs the activity of class III RNase T2
proteins to terminate the growth of "self" pollen tubes.
Here, we investigate the mechanism of Coffea GSI and
specifically examine the potential for homology to S-RNase
GSI by sequencing class III RNase T2 genes in populations of
14 African and Madagascan Coffea species and the closely
related self-compatible species Psilanthus ebracteolatus.
Phylogenetic analyses of these sequences aligned to a
diverse sample of plant RNase T2 genes show that the Coffea
genome contains at least three class III RNase T2 genes.
Patterns of tissue-specific gene expression identify one of
these RNase T2 genes as the putative Coffea S-RNase gene. We
show that populations of SI Coffea are remarkably
polymorphic for putative S-RNase alleles, and exhibit a
persistent pattern of trans-specific polymorphism
characteristic of all S-RNase genes previously isolated from
GSI Eudicot lineages. We thus conclude that Coffea GSI is
most likely homologous to the classic Eudicot S-RNase
system, which was retained since the divergence of the
Rubiaceae lineage from an ancient SI Eudicot ancestor,
nearly 90 million years ago.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0021019},
Key = {fds231751}
}
@article{fds200620,
Author = {Chan, L. and Brown, J. and A.D. Yoder},
Title = {Merging population genetics and geospatial analysis brings
new power to phylogeography},
Journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution},
Volume = {59},
Number = {2},
Pages = {523 – 537},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds200620}
}
@article{fds213944,
Author = {Weisrock, D.W. and Smith, S.M. and *Chan, L.M. and Biebouw, K. and Kappeler, P.M. and A.D. Yoder},
Title = {Concatenation and concordance in the reconstruction of mouse
lemur phylogeny: an empirical demonstration of the effect of
allele sampling in phylogenetics},
Journal = {Molecular Biology and Evolution},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds213944}
}
@article{fds213942,
Author = {Klopfer, P. and Krystal. A. and Williams, C. and A.D.
Yoder},
Title = {Neuroethology: do hibernating primates sleep?},
Journal = {Nova Acta Leopoldina},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds213942}
}
@article{fds213943,
Author = {Perry, G.H. and Melsted, P. and Marioni, J.C. and Wang, Y. and Bainer, R. and Pickrell, J.K. and Michelini, K. and Zehr, S. and Yoder, A.D. and Stephens, M. and Pritchard, J.K. and Y. Gilad},
Title = {Comparative RNS sequencing reveals substantial genetic
variation in endangered primates},
Journal = {Genome Research},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds213943}
}
@article{fds231753,
Author = {Goodman, SM and Chan, LM and Nowak, MD and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {Phylogeny and biogeography of western Indian Ocean
Rousettus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae).},
Journal = {Journal of mammalogy},
Volume = {91},
Number = {3},
Pages = {593-606},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2010},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0022-2372},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/09-mamm-a-283.1},
Abstract = {We examined patterns of genetic variation in <i>Rousettus
madagascariensis</i> from Madagascar and <i>R.
obliviosus</i> from the Comoros (Grande Comore, Anjouan, and
Mohéli). Genetic distances among individuals on the basis
of 1,130 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome <i>b</i>
(<i>Cytb</i>) locus were estimated from specimens collected
from 17 sites on Madagascar, 3 sites on Grande Comore, 3
sites on Anjouan, and 2 sites on Mohéli. We observed little
variation in Madagascar and nearshore island samples
(maximum 1.1%) and interisland Comoros samples (maximum
1.8%). In contrast, pairwise distances between different
sampled sites on Madagascar and the Comoros varied from 8.5%
to 13.2%. For 131 Malagasy animals, 69 unique haplotypes
were recovered with 86 variable sites, and for 44 Comorian
individuals, 17 unique haplotypes were found with 30
variable sites. No haplotype was shared between Madagascar
and the Comoros, adding to previous morphological evidence
that these 2 populations should be considered separate
species. <i>Cytb</i> data showed that <i>Rousettus</i>
populations of Madagascar (including nearshore islands) and
the Comoros are respectively monophyletic and display no
geographic structure in haplotype diversity, and that <i>R.
madagascariensis</i> and <i>R. obliviosus</i> are strongly
supported as sister to each other relative to other
<i>Rousettus</i> species. Genotypic data from 6
microsatellite loci confirm lack of geographic structure in
either of the 2 species. In pairwise tests of population
differentiation, the only significant values were between
samples from the Comoro Islands and Madagascar (including
nearshore islands). Estimates of current and historical
demographic parameters support population expansion in both
the Comoros and Madagascar. These data suggest a more recent
and rapid demographic expansion in Madagascar in comparison
with greater population stability on the Comoros. On the
basis of available evidence, open-water crossings
approaching 300 km seem rarely traversed by
<i>Rousettus</i>, and, if successful, can result in genetic
isolation and subsequent differentiation.},
Doi = {10.1644/09-mamm-a-283.1},
Key = {fds231753}
}
@article{fds231754,
Author = {Barrett, MA and Brown, JL and Morikawa, MK and Labat, J-N and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {Conservation. CITES designation for endangered rosewood in
Madagascar.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {328},
Number = {5982},
Pages = {1109-1110},
Year = {2010},
Month = {May},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20508116},
Doi = {10.1126/science.1187740},
Key = {fds231754}
}
@article{fds231756,
Author = {Weisrock, DW and Rasoloarison, RM and Fiorentino, I and Ralison, JM and Goodman, SM and Kappeler, PM and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Delimiting species without nuclear monophyly in Madagascar's
mouse lemurs.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {5},
Number = {3},
Pages = {e9883},
Year = {2010},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20360988},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Speciation begins when populations become
genetically separated through a substantial reduction in
gene flow, and it is at this point that a genetically
cohesive set of populations attain the sole property of
species: the independent evolution of a population-level
lineage. The comprehensive delimitation of species within
biodiversity hotspots, regardless of their level of
divergence, is important for understanding the factors that
drive the diversification of biota and for identifying them
as targets for conservation. However, delimiting recently
diverged species is challenging due to insufficient time for
the differential evolution of characters--including
morphological differences, reproductive isolation, and gene
tree monophyly--that are typically used as evidence for
separately evolving lineages.<h4>Methodology</h4>In this
study, we assembled multiple lines of evidence from the
analysis of mtDNA and nDNA sequence data for the
delimitation of a high diversity of cryptically diverged
population-level mouse lemur lineages across the island of
Madagascar. Our study uses a multi-faceted approach that
applies phylogenetic, population genetic, and genealogical
analysis for recognizing lineage diversity and presents the
most thoroughly sampled species delimitation of mouse lemur
ever performed.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The resolution of a large
number of geographically defined clades in the mtDNA gene
tree provides strong initial evidence for recognizing a high
diversity of population-level lineages in mouse lemurs. We
find additional support for lineage recognition in the
striking concordance between mtDNA clades and patterns of
nuclear population structure. Lineages identified using
these two sources of evidence also exhibit patterns of
population divergence according to genealogical exclusivity
estimates. Mouse lemur lineage diversity is reflected in
both a geographically fine-scaled pattern of population
divergence within established and geographically widespread
taxa, as well as newly resolved patterns of micro-endemism
revealed through expanded field sampling into previously
poorly and well-sampled regions.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0009883},
Key = {fds231756}
}
@article{fds231755,
Author = {Hickerson, MJ and Carstens, BC and Cavender-Bares, J and Crandall,
KA and Graham, CH and Johnson, JB and Rissler, L and Victoriano, PF and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Phylogeography's past, present, and future: 10 years after
Avise, 2000.},
Journal = {Molecular phylogenetics and evolution},
Volume = {54},
Number = {1},
Pages = {291-301},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1055-7903},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.09.016},
Abstract = {Approximately 20 years ago, Avise and colleagues proposed
the integration of phylogenetics and population genetics for
investigating the connection between micro- and
macroevolutionary phenomena. The new field was termed
phylogeography. Since the naming of the field, the
statistical rigor of phylogeography has increased, in large
part due to concurrent advances in coalescent theory which
enabled model-based parameter estimation and hypothesis
testing. The next phase will involve phylogeography
increasingly becoming the integrative and comparative
multi-taxon endeavor that it was originally conceived to be.
This exciting convergence will likely involve combining
spatially-explicit multiple taxon coalescent models, genomic
studies of natural selection, ecological niche modeling,
studies of ecological speciation, community assembly and
functional trait evolution. This ambitious synthesis will
allow us to determine the causal links between geography,
climate change, ecological interactions and the evolution
and composition of taxa across whole communities and
assemblages. Although such integration presents analytical
and computational challenges that will only be intensified
by the growth of genomic data in non-model taxa, the rapid
development of "likelihood-free" approximate Bayesian
methods should permit parameter estimation and hypotheses
testing using complex evolutionary demographic models and
genomic phylogeographic data. We first review the conceptual
beginnings of phylogeography and its accomplishments and
then illustrate how it evolved into a statistically rigorous
enterprise with the concurrent rise of coalescent theory.
Subsequently, we discuss ways in which model-based
phylogeography can interface with various subfields to
become one of the most integrative fields in all of ecology
and evolutionary biology.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2009.09.016},
Key = {fds231755}
}
@article{fds231772,
Author = {O'Brien, J and Mariani, C and Olson, L and Russell, AL and Say, L and Yoder, AD and Hayden, TJ},
Title = {Multiple colonisations of the western Indian Ocean by
Pteropus fruit bats (Megachiroptera: Pteropodidae): the
furthest islands were colonised first.},
Journal = {Molecular phylogenetics and evolution},
Volume = {51},
Number = {2},
Pages = {294-303},
Year = {2009},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1055-7903},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.02.010},
Abstract = {We investigate the genetic relationships between purported
island species of Pteropus fruit bat (Megachiroptera) from
the western Indian Ocean islands using mitochondrial DNA
sequencing in order to infer the pattern of colonisation of
this biogeographic region. Most significantly, our genetic
data questions the current taxonomic assignment based on
morphology of many of the island species and subspecies,
suggesting instead that many of the western Indian Ocean
islands harbour 'races' of P. giganteus from mainland India.
Our results strongly argue against a single colonisation
event from mainland Asia. Evidence is presented for three
colonisation events; the first to the western-most extremity
of their range (Comoros and Pemba Island), the second to
Rodrigues Island; and a third giving rise to the remaining
extant island taxa, the latter two events occurring
relatively recently and rapidly.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2009.02.010},
Key = {fds231772}
}
@article{fds231769,
Author = {Raselimanana, AP and Noonan, B and Karanth, KP and Gauthier, J and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Phylogeny and evolution of Malagasy plated
lizards.},
Journal = {Molecular phylogenetics and evolution},
Volume = {50},
Number = {2},
Pages = {336-344},
Year = {2009},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1055-7903},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.10.004},
Abstract = {The endemic plated lizards (Gerrhosauridae) of Madagascar
are one of the most diverse groups of lizards on the island
(19 species) and are found in all ecoregions. On an island
that presents so many interesting biological questions,
plated lizards are an ideal group for examining patterns of
diversification due to their high (but tractable) diversity
and wide distribution. To resolve the taxonomy and
evolutionary relationships of Malagasy plated lizards, and
to explore their biogeographic history, we have generated a
molecular phylogeny based on >2kb of both mitochondrial
(cob, 1142 bp) and nuclear (NT-3, 419 bp; c-mos, 542 bp) DNA
sequences. Phylogenetic relationships and divergence-time
estimates indicate Zonosaurinae are monophyletic, arising
from a single colonization event, likely from Africa to
Madagascar in the Paleogene (Paleocene/early Eocene), with
subsequent radiation. Furthermore, our results reveal
widespread mischaracterization of species delimitation and
assignment based on phenotypic characteristics. Paraphyly of
a number of zonosaurine species was strongly supported by
our dataset, revealing not only instances of likely cryptic
species (phenotypic conservatism) but also
phenotypic/genotypic discordance in the delimitation of
species (phenotypic variability). These results clearly
demonstrate the complex history of biotic diversification on
Madagascar and provide novel insight into biogeographic
patterns on the island.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2008.10.004},
Key = {fds231769}
}
@article{fds231771,
Author = {Groeneveld, LF and Weisrock, DW and Rasoloarison, RM and Yoder, AD and Kappeler, PM},
Title = {Species delimitation in lemurs: multiple genetic loci reveal
low levels of species diversity in the genus
Cheirogaleus.},
Journal = {BMC evolutionary biology},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {30},
Year = {2009},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1471-2148},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-9-30},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Species are viewed as the fundamental
unit in most subdisciplines of biology. To conservationists
this unit represents the currency for global biodiversity
assessments. Even though Madagascar belongs to one of the
top eight biodiversity hotspots of the world, the taxonomy
of its charismatic lemuriform primates is not stable. Within
the last 25 years, the number of described lemur species has
more than doubled, with many newly described species
identified among the nocturnal and small-bodied
cheirogaleids. Here, we characterize the diversity of the
dwarf lemurs (genus Cheirogaleus) and assess the status of
the seven described species, based on phylogenetic and
population genetic analysis of mtDNA (cytb + cox2) and three
nuclear markers (adora3, fiba and vWF).<h4>Results</h4>This
study identified three distinct evolutionary lineages within
the genus Cheirogaleus. Population genetic cluster analyses
revealed a further layer of population divergence with six
distinct genotypic clusters.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Based on the
general metapopulation lineage concept and multiple
concordant data sets, we identify three exclusive groups of
dwarf lemur populations that correspond to three of the
seven named species: C. major, C. medius and C. crossleyi.
These three species were found to be genealogically
exclusive in both mtDNA and nDNA loci and are
morphologically distinguishable. The molecular and
morphometric data indicate that C. adipicaudatus and C.
ravus are synonymous with C. medius and C. major,
respectively. Cheirogaleus sibreei falls into the C. medius
mtDNA clade, but in morphological analyses the membership is
not clearly resolved. We do not have sufficient data to
assess the status of C. minusculus. Although additional
patterns of population differentiation are evident, there
are no clear subdivisions that would warrant additional
specific status. We propose that ecological and more
geographic data should be collected to confirm these
results.},
Doi = {10.1186/1471-2148-9-30},
Key = {fds231771}
}
@article{fds231770,
Author = {Noonan, BP and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Anonymous nuclear markers for Malagasy plated lizards
(Zonosaurus).},
Journal = {Molecular ecology resources},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {402-404},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1755-098X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21564662},
Abstract = {We report the development of 18, single-copy, anonymous
nuclear loci from the Malagasy plated lizard Zonosaurus
madagascariensis. More than 140 clones from a genomic
library were examined and 38 potential loci tested across
both closely and distantly related lizards. Of the 18 loci
reported here, more than half (10) work in closely related
zonosaurines although only one successfully amplified a
homologous fragment in the distantly related iguanid
(Oplurus). Sequences of these loci revealed a high frequency
of single nucleotide polymorphisms, supporting previous
reports of high levels of intraspecific variation in
lizards.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02250.x},
Key = {fds231770}
}
@misc{fds166389,
Author = {Karanth, K.P. and A.D. Yoder.},
Title = {Geographic origins of aDNA samples and prospects for aDNA
studies in the tropics.},
Series = {G. Dorado,ed.},
Booktitle = {Molecular Markers, PCR, Bioinformatics and Ancient DNA –
Technology, Troubleshooting And Applications},
Publisher = {Science Publishers},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds166389}
}
@article{fds231768,
Author = {Horvath, JE and Weisrock, DW and Embry, SL and Fiorentino, I and Balhoff, JP and Kappeler, P and Wray, GA and Willard, HF and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {Development and application of a phylogenomic toolkit:
resolving the evolutionary history of Madagascar's
lemurs.},
Journal = {Genome research},
Volume = {18},
Number = {3},
Pages = {489-499},
Year = {2008},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1088-9051},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18245770},
Abstract = {Lemurs and the other strepsirrhine primates are of great
interest to the primate genomics community due to their
phylogenetic placement as the sister lineage to all other
primates. Previous attempts to resolve the phylogeny of
lemurs employed limited mitochondrial or small nuclear data
sets, with many relationships poorly supported or entirely
unresolved. We used genomic resources to develop 11 novel
markers from nine chromosomes, representing approximately 9
kb of nuclear sequence data. In combination with previously
published nuclear and mitochondrial loci, this yields a data
set of more than 16 kb and adds approximately 275 kb of DNA
sequence to current databases. Our phylogenetic analyses
confirm hypotheses of lemuriform monophyly and provide
robust resolution of the phylogenetic relationships among
the five lemuriform families. We verify that the genus
Daubentonia is the sister lineage to all other lemurs. The
Cheirogaleidae and Lepilemuridae are sister taxa and
together form the sister lineage to the Indriidae; this
clade is the sister lineage to the Lemuridae. Divergence
time estimates indicate that lemurs are an ancient group,
with their initial diversification occurring around the
Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. Given the power of this data
set to resolve branches in a notoriously problematic area of
primate phylogeny, we anticipate that our phylogenomic
toolkit will be of value to other studies of primate
phylogeny and diversification. Moreover, the methods applied
will be broadly applicable to other taxonomic groups where
phylogenetic relationships have been notoriously difficult
to resolve.},
Doi = {10.1101/gr.7265208},
Key = {fds231768}
}
@article{fds231767,
Author = {Russell, AL and Goodman, SM and Fiorentino, I and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {Population genetic analysis of Myzopoda (Chiroptera:
Myzopodidae) in Madagascar},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalogy},
Volume = {89},
Number = {1},
Pages = {209-221},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2008},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0022-2372},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/07-MAMM-A-044.1},
Abstract = {The chiropteran family Myzopodidae is endemic to Madagascar
and is characterized by several unique morphologies, such as
sessile adhesive discs on the thumb and sole. A new species,
Myzopoda schliemanni, was recently described from western
Madagascar that is morphologically distinct and
geographically disjunct from the eastern species, M. aurita,
the only other member of this family. Geographic variation
within Myzopoda has only recently been studied at the
morphological level and has never been addressed at the
genetic level. We used a combination of phylogenetic,
coalescent, and population genetic analyses to characterize
the speciation history of Myzopoda and to clarify current
and former patterns of gene flow within and between
Myzopoda. Mitochondrial DNA sequences were used to determine
whether genetic data support the morphologically distinct
species M. schliemanni, to infer the distribution of the
common ancestor of extant Myzopoda, to estimate effective
population sizes (Ne) and levels of migration between
species, and to determine patterns of population structure
within species. Phylogenetic and network analyses revealed
the existence of 4 well-supported clades in Myzopoda, but
could not resolve relationships among those clades.
Divergent haplotypes within species may result from either
recent gene flow between the 2 species or more likely from
incomplete lineage sorting. Multiple coalescent-based
methodologies produced concordant estimates of Ne for
Myzopoda, but conflicting signals for migration between the
species, probably reflecting differences in the underlying
models used by the methods. We found significant genetic
structure within M. aurita, but no correlation with
geography. This pattern may result from recent gene flow
facilitated by expansion of Ravenala stands, an important
day-roost tree for Myzopoda, associated with anthropogenic
deforestation and the opening up of new habitat for members
of this genus. © 2008 American Society of
Mammalogists.},
Doi = {10.1644/07-MAMM-A-044.1},
Key = {fds231767}
}
@article{fds231738,
Author = {Riddle, B and Dawson, MN and Hadly, EA and Hafner, DJ and Hickerson, MJ and Mantooth, SJ and Yoder, AD},
Title = {The role of molecular genetics in sculpting the future of
integrative biogeography},
Journal = {Progress in Physical Geography},
Volume = {32},
Number = {2},
Pages = {173-202},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0309-1333},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133308093822},
Abstract = {We review the expanding role of molecular genetics in the
emergence of a vibrant and vital integrative biogeography.
The enormous growth over the past several decades in the
number and variety of molecular-based phylogenetic and
population genetics studies has become the core information
used by biogeographers to reconstruct the causal connections
between historical evolutionary and ecological attributes of
taxa and biotas, and the landscapes and seascapes that
contain them. A proliferation of different approaches,
sequences, and genomes have provided for the integration of
a 'biogeography of the Late Neogene' with other Earth and
biological sciences under the rubrics of phylogeography,
landscape genetics, and phylochronology. Approaches designed
explicitly to take advantage of unique properties of
molecular genetic information have led to the re-emergence
of dispersal as an analytically tractable process that
historical biogeographers can now use, along with
vicariance, to reconstruct the geographical context of
diversification. Concomitant with the expanding amount of
information available, molecular data sets often provide for
estimates of lineage divergence dates, and analytical tools
for doing so continue to improve. The comparability of
molecular-based estimates of phylogenetic and population
genetic histories across non-related taxa has stimulated
deployment of new methods to test for spatial and temporal
congruence across co-distributed taxa and ecosystems, and
thus increased rigour in hypothesis-testing. We illustrate
how a molecular genetics framework has provided robust and
novel reconstructions of historical biogeographical pattern
and process in three different systems, and finish with some
thoughts on the role a molecular genetic-based biogeography
will play in predicting alternative futures of biodiversity.
© 2008 SAGE Publications.},
Doi = {10.1177/0309133308093822},
Key = {fds231738}
}
@article{fds231737,
Author = {Yoder, AD},
Title = {Lemurs.},
Journal = {Current biology : CB},
Volume = {17},
Number = {20},
Pages = {R866-R868},
Year = {2007},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0960-9822},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17956741},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2007.07.050},
Key = {fds231737}
}
@article{fds231766,
Author = {Heckman, KL and Mariani, CL and Rasoloarison, R and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {Multiple nuclear loci reveal patterns of incomplete lineage
sorting and complex species history within western mouse
lemurs (Microcebus).},
Journal = {Molecular phylogenetics and evolution},
Volume = {43},
Number = {2},
Pages = {353-367},
Year = {2007},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1055-7903},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.03.005},
Abstract = {Mouse lemurs (genus Microcebus) are nocturnal primates
endemic to the island of Madagascar. Until recently, they
were classified as two species, one from eastern and one
from western Madagascar. Previously published analyses of
morphometric and mitochondrial DNA data show strong support
for the recognition of more than eight species, however.
Here, we test the eight-species hypothesis with DNA data
derived from four independently segregating nuclear loci. We
find many areas of congruence between the mitochondrial and
nuclear data, but incomplete lineage sorting and low
mutation rates limit the phylogenetic resolution of the
nuclear data. Even so, the nuclear loci unanimously find
evidence for three deeply diverged lineages within the mouse
lemur radiation: one that is congruent with the mtDNA
"southern clade", another that is congruent with the mtDNA
"northern clade", and one monospecific branch comprised of
the species Microcebus ravelobensis. The latter result in
particular emphasizes the need for careful biological study
of this species.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2007.03.005},
Key = {fds231766}
}
@article{fds231765,
Author = {Naghibalhossaini, F and Yoder, AD and Tobi, M and Stanners,
CP},
Title = {Evolution of a tumorigenic property conferred by
glycophosphatidyl-inositol membrane anchors of
carcinoembryonic antigen gene family members during the
primate radiation.},
Journal = {Molecular biology of the cell},
Volume = {18},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1366-1374},
Year = {2007},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1059-1524},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e06-10-0884},
Abstract = {GPI membrane anchors of cell surface glycoproteins have been
shown to confer functional properties that are different
from their transmembrane (TM)-anchored counterparts. For the
human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family, a subfamily of
the immunoglobulin superfamily, conversion of the mode of
membrane linkage from TM to GPI confers radical changes in
function: from tumor suppression or neutrality toward
inhibition of differentiation and anoikis and distortion of
tissue architecture, thereby contributing to tumorigenesis.
We show here that GPI anchorage in the CEA family evolved
twice independently in primates, very likely from more
primitive TM anchors, by different packages of mutations.
Both mutational packages, one package found in many
primates, including humans, and a second, novel package
found only in the Cebidae radiation of New World monkeys,
give rise to efficiently processed GPI-linked proteins. Both
types of GPI anchors mediate inhibition of cell
differentiation. The estimated rate of nonsynonymous
mutations (Ka) in the anchor-determining domain for
conversion from TM to GPI anchorage in the CEA family that
were fixed during evolution in these primates is 7 times
higher than the average Ka in primates, indicating positive
selection. These results suggest therefore that the
functional changes mediated by CEA GPI anchors, including
the inhibition of differentiation and anoikis, could be
adaptive and advantageous.},
Doi = {10.1091/mbc.e06-10-0884},
Key = {fds231765}
}
@article{fds231764,
Author = {Russell, AL and Ranivo, J and Palkovacs, EP and Goodman, SM and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {Working at the interface of phylogenetics and population
genetics: a biogeographical analysis of Triaenops spp.
(Chiroptera: Hipposideridae).},
Journal = {Molecular ecology},
Volume = {16},
Number = {4},
Pages = {839-851},
Year = {2007},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0962-1083},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/6942 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {New applications of genetic data to questions of historical
biogeography have revolutionized our understanding of how
organisms have come to occupy their present distributions.
Phylogenetic methods in combination with divergence time
estimation can reveal biogeographical centres of origin,
differentiate between hypotheses of vicariance and
dispersal, and reveal the directionality of dispersal
events. Despite their power, however, phylogenetic methods
can sometimes yield patterns that are compatible with
multiple, equally well-supported biogeographical hypotheses.
In such cases, additional approaches must be integrated to
differentiate among conflicting dispersal hypotheses. Here,
we use a synthetic approach that draws upon the analytical
strengths of coalescent and population genetic methods to
augment phylogenetic analyses in order to assess the
biogeographical history of Madagascar's Triaenops bats
(Chiroptera: Hipposideridae). Phylogenetic analyses of
mitochondrial DNA sequence data for Malagasy and east
African Triaenops reveal a pattern that equally supports two
competing hypotheses. While the phylogeny cannot determine
whether Africa or Madagascar was the centre of origin for
the species investigated, it serves as the essential
backbone for the application of coalescent and population
genetic methods. From the application of these methods, we
conclude that a hypothesis of two independent but
unidirectional dispersal events from Africa to Madagascar is
best supported by the data.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03192.x},
Key = {fds231764}
}
@article{fds231714,
Author = {Yoder, AD and Heckman, KL},
Title = {Evolutionary origins of malagasy primates.},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Pages = {254-254},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2007},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000244656500841&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds231714}
}
@article{fds231762,
Author = {Yoder, AD and Nowak, MD},
Title = {Has vicariance or dispersal been the predominant
biogeographic force in Madagascar? Only time will
tell},
Journal = {Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and
Systematics},
Volume = {37},
Number = {1},
Pages = {405-431},
Publisher = {ANNUAL REVIEWS},
Year = {2006},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1543-592X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110239},
Abstract = {Madagascar is one of the world's hottest biodiversity hot
spots due to its diverse, endemic, and highly threatened
biota. This biota shows a distinct signature of evolution in
isolation, both in the high levels of diversity within
lineages and in the imbalance of lineages that are
represented. For example, chameleon diversity is the highest
of any place on Earth, yet there are no salamanders. These
biotic enigmas have inspired centuries of speculation
relating to the mechanisms by which Madagascar's biota came
to reside there. The two most probable causal factors are
Gondwanan vicariance and/or Cenozoic dispersal. By reviewing
a comprehensive sample of phylogenetic studies of Malagasy
biota, we find that the predominant pattern is one of sister
group relationships to African taxa. For those studies that
include divergence time analysis, we find an overwhelming
indication of Cenozoic origins for most Malagasy clades. We
conclude that most of the present-day biota of Madagascar is
comprised of the descendents of Cenozoic dispersers,
predominantly with African origins. Copyright © 2006 by
Annual Reviews. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110239},
Key = {fds231762}
}
@article{fds231763,
Author = {Heckman, KL and Rasoazanabary, E and Machlin, E and Godfrey, LR and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Incongruence between genetic and morphological diversity in
Microcebus griseorufus of Beza Mahafaly.},
Journal = {BMC evolutionary biology},
Volume = {6},
Pages = {98},
Year = {2006},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1471-2148},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-6-98},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>The past decade has seen a remarkable
increase in the number of recognized mouse lemur species
(genus Microcebus). As recently as 1994, only two species of
mouse lemur were recognized according to the rules of
zoological nomenclature. That number has now climbed to as
many as fifteen proposed species. Indeed, increases in
recognized species diversity have also characterized other
nocturnal primates--galagos, sportive lemurs, and tarsiers.
Presumably, the movement relates more to a previous lack of
information than it does to any recent proclivity for
taxonomic splitting. Due to their nocturnal habits, one can
hypothesize that mouse lemurs will show only minimal
variation in pelage coloration as such variation should be
inconsequential for the purposes of mate and/or species
recognition. Even so, current species descriptions for
nocturnal strepsirrhines place a good deal of emphasis on
relatively fine distinctions in pelage coloration.<h4>Results</h4>Here,
we report results from a multi-year study of mouse lemur
populations from Beza Mahafaly in southern Madagascar. On
the basis of morphological and pelage variation, we
initially hypothesized the presence of up to three species
of mouse lemurs occurring sympatrically at this locality,
one of which appeared to be undescribed. Genetic analysis
reveals definitively, however, that all three color morphs
belong to a single recognized species, Microcebus
griseorufus. Indeed, in some cases, the three color morphs
can be characterized by identical mitochondrial
haplotypes.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Given these results, we
conclude that investigators should always proceed with
caution when using a single data source to identify novel
species. A synthetic approach that combines morphological,
genetic, geographic, and ecological data is most likely to
reveal the true nature of species diversity.},
Doi = {10.1186/1471-2148-6-98},
Key = {fds231763}
}
@article{fds231736,
Author = {Goodman, SM and Cardiff, SG and Ranivo, J and Russell, AL and Yoder,
AD},
Title = {A new species of Emballonura (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae)
from the dry regions of madagascar},
Journal = {American Museum Novitates},
Number = {3538},
Pages = {1-24},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-0082},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/0003-0082(2006)3538[1:ansoec]2.0.co;2},
Abstract = {We describe a new species of bat in the genus Emballonura
(Chiroptera: Emballonuridae), E. tiavato, from the dry
forest regions of Madagascar. This species is distinguished
from the only other member of this genus found on the
island, E. atrata, and extralimital species based on a
variety of external and cranial characteristics. Details of
the distribution, phylogeny, and natural history of the two
species of Malagasy Emballonura are presented. Copyright ©
American Museum of Natural History 2006.},
Doi = {10.1206/0003-0082(2006)3538[1:ansoec]2.0.co;2},
Key = {fds231736}
}
@article{fds166403,
Author = {Goodman, S.M. and Cardiff, S. G. and Ranivo, J. and Russell, A.L. and A.D. Yoder},
Title = {A new species of Emballonura (Emballonuridae: Chiroptera)
from the dry regions of Madagascar.},
Journal = {American Museum Novitates},
Volume = {No. 3538:},
Pages = {1-24},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds166403}
}
@misc{fds231676,
Author = {Yoder, AD and Heckman, K},
Title = {Mouse lemur phylogeography revises a model of ecogeographic
constraint in Madagascar},
Series = {J. Fleagle and S.M. Lehman, eds.},
Pages = {255-268},
Booktitle = {Primate Biogeography: Progress and Prospects},
Publisher = {Kluwer Press},
Editor = {Fleagle, J and Lehman, SM},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds231676}
}
@misc{fds340100,
Author = {Yoder, AD and Olson, LE and Hanley, C and Heckman, KL and Rasoloarison,
R and Russell, AL and Ranivo, J and Soarimalala, V and Praveen Karanth,
K and Raselimanana, AP and Goodman, SM},
Title = {A multidimensional approach for detecting species patterns
in malagasy vertebrates},
Pages = {203-228},
Booktitle = {Systematics and the Origin of Species: On Ernst Mayr's 100th
Anniversary},
Publisher = {National Academies Press},
Year = {2005},
Month = {October},
ISBN = {9780309095365},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/11310},
Abstract = {The biodiversity of Madagascar is extraordinarily
distinctive, diverse, and endangered. It is therefore urgent
that steps be taken to document, describe, interpret, and
protect this exceptional biota. As a collaborative group of
field and laboratory biologists, we employ a suite of
methodological and analytical tools to investigate the
vertebrate portion of Madagascar's fauna. Given that species
are the fundamental unit of evolution, where micro- and
macroevolutionary forces converge to generate biological
diversity, a thorough understanding of species distribution
and abundance is critical for understanding the
evolutionary, ecological, and biogeographic forces that have
shaped Malagasy vertebrate diversity. We illustrate the
means by which we apply Mayr's "three basic tasks" of the
systematist [Mayr, E. (1942) Systematics and the Origin of
Species from the Viewpoint of a Zoologist (Harvard Univ.
Press, Cambridge, MA)] to identify, classify, and study the
organisms that together constitute Madagascar's vertebrate
community. Using field inventory methods, specimen-based
studies, and morphological and molecular analyses, we
formulate hypotheses of species identity that then serve as
the foundation for subsequent studies of biology and
history. Our experience, as well as that of other
investigators, has shown that much of the vertebrate species
diversity in Madagascar is "cryptic" for both biological and
practical reasons. Beyond issues of cryptic biological
diversity, the resolution of species identity in Madagascar
has been hampered because of a lack of vouchered comparative
material at the population level. Through our activities, we
are attempting to remedy these limitations while
simultaneously enhancing research capacity in
Madagascar.},
Doi = {10.17226/11310},
Key = {fds340100}
}
@article{fds231760,
Author = {Tan, Y and Yoder, AD and Yamashita, N and Li, W-H},
Title = {Evidence from opsin genes rejects nocturnality in ancestral
primates.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {102},
Number = {41},
Pages = {14712-14716},
Year = {2005},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0507042102},
Abstract = {It is firmly believed that ancestral primates were
nocturnal, with nocturnality having been maintained in most
prosimian lineages. Under this traditional view, the opsin
genes in all nocturnal prosimians should have undergone
similar degrees of functional relaxation and accumulated
similar extents of deleterious mutations. This expectation
is rejected by the short-wavelength (S) opsin gene sequences
from 14 representative prosimians. We found severe defects
of the S opsin gene only in lorisiforms, but no defect in
five nocturnal and two diurnal lemur species and only minor
defects in two tarsiers and two nocturnal lemurs. Further,
the nonsynonymous-to-synonymous rate ratio of the S opsin
gene is highest in the lorisiforms and varies among the
other prosimian branches, indicating different time periods
of functional relaxation among lineages. These observations
suggest that the ancestral primates were diurnal or
cathemeral and that nocturnality has evolved several times
in the prosimians, first in the lorisiforms but much later
in other lineages. This view is further supported by the
distribution pattern of the middle-wavelength (M) and
long-wavelength (L) opsin genes among prosimians.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0507042102},
Key = {fds231760}
}
@article{fds231759,
Author = {Yoder, AD and Olson, LE and Hanley, C and Heckman, KL and Rasoloarison,
R and Russell, AL and Ranivo, J and Soarimalala, V and Karanth, KP and Raselimanana, AP and Goodman, SM},
Title = {A multidimensional approach for detecting species patterns
in Malagasy vertebrates.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {102 Suppl 1},
Number = {SUPPL. 1},
Pages = {6587-6594},
Booktitle = {Systematics and the Origin of Species: On Ernst Mayr's 100th
Anniversary},
Year = {2005},
Month = {May},
ISBN = {0309547601},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0502092102},
Abstract = {The biodiversity of Madagascar is extraordinarily
distinctive, diverse, and endangered. It is therefore urgent
that steps be taken to document, describe, interpret, and
protect this exceptional biota. As a collaborative group of
field and laboratory biologists, we employ a suite of
methodological and analytical tools to investigate the
vertebrate portion of Madagascar's fauna. Given that species
are the fundamental unit of evolution, where micro- and
macroevolutionary forces converge to generate biological
diversity, a thorough understanding of species distribution
and abundance is critical for understanding the
evolutionary, ecological, and biogeographic forces that have
shaped Malagasy vertebrate diversity. We illustrate the
means by which we apply Mayr's "three basic tasks" of the
systematist [Mayr, E. (1942) Systematics and the Origin of
Species from the Viewpoint of a Zoologist (Harvard Univ.
Press, Cambridge, MA)] to identify, classify, and study the
organisms that together constitute Madagascar's vertebrate
community. Using field inventory methods, specimen-based
studies, and morphological and molecular analyses, we
formulate hypotheses of species identity that then serve as
the foundation for subsequent studies of biology and
history. Our experience, as well as that of other
investigators, has shown that much of the vertebrate species
diversity in Madagascar is "cryptic" for both biological and
practical reasons. Beyond issues of cryptic biological
diversity, the resolution of species identity in Madagascar
has been hampered because of a lack of vouchered comparative
material at the population level. Through our activities, we
are attempting to remedy these limitations while
simultaneously enhancing research capacity in
Madagascar.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0502092102},
Key = {fds231759}
}
@article{fds231758,
Author = {Karanth, KP and Delefosse, T and Rakotosamimanana, B and Parsons, TJ and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Ancient DNA from giant extinct lemurs confirms single origin
of Malagasy primates.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {102},
Number = {14},
Pages = {5090-5095},
Year = {2005},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0408354102},
Abstract = {The living Malagasy lemurs constitute a spectacular
radiation of >50 species that are believed to have evolved
from a common ancestor that colonized Madagascar in the
early Tertiary period. Yet, at least 15 additional Malagasy
primate species, some of which were relative giants,
succumbed to extinction within the past 2,000 years. Their
existence in Madagascar is recorded predominantly in its
Holocene subfossil record. To rigorously test the hypothesis
that all endemic Malagasy primates constitute a monophyletic
group and to determine the evolutionary relationships among
living and extinct taxa, we have conducted an ancient DNA
analysis of subfossil species. A total of nine subfossil
individuals from the extinct genera Palaeopropithecus and
Megaladapis yielded amplifiable DNA. Phylogenetic analysis
of cytochrome b sequences derived from these subfossils
corroborates the monophyly of endemic Malagasy primates. Our
results support the close relationship of sloth lemurs to
living indriids, as has been hypothesized on morphological
grounds. In contrast, Megaladapis does not show a
sister-group relationship with the living genus Lepilemur.
Thus, the classification of the latter in the family
Megaladapidae is misleading. By correlating the geographic
location of subfossil specimens with relative amplification
success, we reconfirm the global trend of increased success
rates of ancient DNA recovery from nontropical
localities.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0408354102},
Key = {fds231758}
}
@article{fds231757,
Author = {Karanth, KP and Palkovacs, E and Gerlach, J and Glaberman, S and Hume,
JP and Caccone, A and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Native Seychelles tortoises or Aldabran imports? The
importance of radiocarbon dating for ancient DNA
studies},
Journal = {Amphibia Reptilia},
Volume = {26},
Number = {1},
Pages = {116-121},
Publisher = {BRILL},
Year = {2005},
Month = {March},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/6527 Duke open
access},
Doi = {10.1163/1568538053693279},
Key = {fds231757}
}
@article{fds231761,
Author = {Yoder, AD},
Title = {The biogeography of Madagascar: where to turn when the
fossils aren’t there.},
Journal = {Paleontological Society Papers},
Volume = {II},
Pages = {129-139},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds231761}
}
@article{fds231735,
Author = {Olson, LE and Goodman, SM and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Illumination of cryptic species boundaries in long-tailed
shrew tenrecs (Mammalia: Tenrecidae; Microgale), with new
insights into geographic variation and distributional
constraints},
Journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society},
Volume = {83},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-22},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2004},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2004.00366.x},
Abstract = {The increasing use of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to explore
and test species limits among morphologically similar
species is potentially compromised by phenomena poorly
reflective of organismal history and speciation, including
(but not limited to) stochastic lineage sorting and gene
flow. In situations where molecular data are only available
from a single gene or linkage partition (e.g. mtDNA),
corroboration of suspected species boundaries should be
sought from independent lines of evidence, such as
morphology. Recent attempts to delimit species using mtDNA
and morphology have either implicitly or explicitly ignored
the possibility that distinct species can occur in direct
sympatry throughout much of their range, presumably because
such situations are believed to be rare. We examined
phylogenetic relationships within the long-tailed shrew
tenrecs (Mammalia: Tenrecidae; Microgale spp.) from
Madagascar. Current taxonomy recognizes two broadly
sympatric species, though as many as six have been
described. Given that alpha taxonomy within shrew tenrecs
has been controversial, and that patterns of morphological
variation can be especially difficult to assess for this
group, some authors have suggested that additional cryptic
species may exist. To examine this possibility, we conducted
a phylogenetic study using the mitochondrial NADH
dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene and a morphometric analysis of
29 craniodental, postcranial, and external measurements from
a broad geographical sample of long-tailed shrew tenrecs.
The two data sets were nearly perfectly congruent in
identifying four groups that can be classified as species,
thereby doubling the currently recognized number of species.
We present previously unrecognized distributional evidence
consistent with our conclusions and provide an empirical
example of how a revised understanding of species limits
alters inferences of geographic variation and species
coexistence, particularly with respect to fine-scale habitat
partitioning. The results of this study suggest that certain
species pairs, previously assumed to be single species
occupying broad elevational ranges, are actually
reproductively isolated units that are partitioning their
environment along elevational lines. © 2004 The Linnean
Society of London.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1095-8312.2004.00366.x},
Key = {fds231735}
}
@article{fds231733,
Author = {Yoder, AD and Yang, Z},
Title = {Divergence dates for Malagasy lemurs estimated from multiple
gene loci: geological and evolutionary context.},
Journal = {Molecular ecology},
Volume = {13},
Number = {4},
Pages = {757-773},
Year = {2004},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2004.02106.x},
Abstract = {The lemurs of Madagascar are a unique radiation of primates
that show an extraordinary diversity of lifestyles,
morphologies and behaviours. However, very little is known
about the relative antiquity of lemuriform clades due to the
lack of terrestrial fossils for the Tertiary of Madagascar.
Here, we employ a Bayesian method to estimate divergence
dates within the lemuriform radiation using several unlinked
gene loci and multiple fossil calibrations outside the
lemuriform clade. Two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome
oxidase II and cytochrome b), two nuclear introns
(transthyretin intron 1 and von Willebrand factor gene
intron 11) and one nuclear exon (interphotoreceptor retinoid
binding protein, exon 1) are used in separate and combined
analyses. The genes differ in taxon sampling and
evolutionary characteristics but produce congruent date
estimates. Credibility intervals narrow considerably in
combined analyses relative to separate analyses due to the
increased amount of data. We also test the relative effects
of multiple vs. single calibration points, finding that,
when only single calibration points are employed, divergence
dates are systematically underestimated. For the
mitochondrial DNA data set, we investigate the effects of
sampling density within the mouse lemur radiation (genus
Microcebus). When only two representative species are
included, estimated dates throughout the phylogeny are more
recent than with the complete-species sample, with basal
nodes less affected than recent nodes. The difference
appears to be due to the manner in which priors on node ages
are constructed in the two analyses. In nearly all analyses,
the age of the lemuriform clade is estimated to be
approximately 62-65 Ma, with initial radiation of mouse
lemurs and true lemurs (genus Eulemur) occurring
approximately 8-12 Ma. The antiquity of the mouse lemur
radiation is surprising given the near uniform morphology
among species. Moreover, the observation that mouse lemurs
and true lemurs are of similar ages suggests discrepancies
in rates of morphological, behavioural and physiological
evolution in the two clades, particularly with regard to
characteristics of sexual signalling. These differences
appear to correlate with the nocturnal vs. diurnal
lifestyles, respectively, of these two primate
groups.},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1365-294x.2004.02106.x},
Key = {fds231733}
}
@article{fds231734,
Author = {Kunstman, KJ and Puffer, B and Korber, BT and Kuiken, C and Smith, UR and Kunstman, J and Stanton, J and Agy, M and Shibata, R and Yoder, AD and Pillai, S and Doms, RW and Marx, P and Wolinsky, SM},
Title = {Structure and function of CC-chemokine receptor 5 homologues
derived from representative primate species and subspecies
of the taxonomic suborders Prosimii and Anthropoidea.},
Journal = {Journal of virology},
Volume = {77},
Number = {22},
Pages = {12310-12318},
Year = {2003},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.22.12310-12318.2003},
Abstract = {A chemokine receptor from the seven-transmembrane-domain
G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily is an essential
coreceptor for the cellular entry of human immunodeficiency
virus type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)
strains. To investigate nonhuman primate CC-chemokine
receptor 5 (CCR5) homologue structure and function, we
amplified CCR5 DNA sequences from peripheral blood cells
obtained from 24 representative species and subspecies of
the primate suborders Prosimii (family Lemuridae) and
Anthropoidea (families Cebidae, Callitrichidae,
Cercopithecidae, Hylobatidae, and Pongidae) by PCR with
primers flanking the coding region of the gene. Full-length
CCR5 was inserted into pCDNA3.1, and multiple clones were
sequenced to permit discrimination of both alleles. Compared
to the human CCR5 sequence, the CCR5 sequences of the
Lemuridae, Cebidae, and Cercopithecidae shared 87, 91 to 92,
and 96 to 99% amino acid sequence homology, respectively.
Amino acid substitutions tended to cluster in the amino and
carboxy termini, the first transmembrane domain, and the
second extracellular loop, with a pattern of
species-specific changes that characterized CCR5 homologues
from primates within a given family. At variance with
humans, all primate species examined from the suborder
Anthropoidea had amino acid substitutions at positions 13 (N
to D) and 129 (V to I); the former change is critical for
CD4-independent binding of SIV to CCR5. Within the Cebidae,
Cercopithecidae, and Pongidae (including humans), CCR5
nucleotide similarities were 95.2 to 97.4, 98.0 to 99.5, and
98.3 to 99.3%, respectively. Despite this low genetic
diversity, the phylogeny of the selected primate CCR5
homologue sequences agrees with present primate systematics,
apart from some intermingling of species of the Cebidae and
Cercopithecidae. Constructed HOS.CD4 cell lines expressing
the entire CCR5 homologue protein from each of the
Anthropoidea species and subspecies were tested for their
ability to support HIV-1 and SIV entry and membrane fusion.
Other than that of Cercopithecus pygerythrus, all CCR5
homologues tested were able to support both SIV and HIV-1
entry. Our results suggest that the shared structure and
function of primate CCR5 homologue proteins would not impede
the movement of primate immunodeficiency viruses between
species.},
Doi = {10.1128/jvi.77.22.12310-12318.2003},
Key = {fds231734}
}
@article{fds231731,
Author = {Yang, Z and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Comparison of likelihood and Bayesian methods for estimating
divergence times using multiple gene Loci and calibration
points, with application to a radiation of cute-looking
mouse lemur species.},
Journal = {Systematic biology},
Volume = {52},
Number = {5},
Pages = {705-716},
Year = {2003},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10635150390235557},
Abstract = {Divergence time and substitution rate are seriously
confounded in phylogenetic analysis, making it difficult to
estimate divergence times when the molecular clock (rate
constancy among lineages) is violated. This problem can be
alleviated to some extent by analyzing multiple gene loci
simultaneously and by using multiple calibration points.
While different genes may have different patterns of
evolutionary rate change, they share the same divergence
times. Indeed, the fact that each gene may violate the
molecular clock differently leads to the advantage of
simultaneous analysis of multiple loci. Multiple calibration
points provide the means for characterizing the local
evolutionary rates on the phylogeny. In this paper, we
extend previous likelihood models of local molecular clock
for estimating species divergence times to accommodate
multiple calibration points and multiple genes.
Heterogeneity among different genes in evolutionary rate and
in substitution process is accounted for by the models. We
apply the likelihood models to analyze two mitochondrial
protein-coding genes, cytochrome oxidase II and cytochrome
b, to estimate divergence times of Malagasy mouse lemurs and
related outgroups. The likelihood method is compared with
the Bayes method of Thorne et al. (1998, Mol. Biol. Evol.
15:1647-1657), which uses a probabilistic model to describe
the change in evolutionary rate over time and uses the
Markov chain Monte Carlo procedure to derive the posterior
distribution of rates and times. Our likelihood
implementation has the drawbacks of failing to accommodate
uncertainties in fossil calibrations and of requiring the
researcher to classify branches on the tree into different
rate groups. Both problems are avoided in the Bayes method.
Despite the differences in the two methods, however, data
partitions and model assumptions had the greatest impact on
date estimation. The three codon positions have very
different substitution rates and evolutionary dynamics, and
assumptions in the substitution model affect date estimation
in both likelihood and Bayes analyses. The results
demonstrate that the separate analysis is unreliable, with
dates variable among codon positions and between methods,
and that the combined analysis is much more reliable. When
the three codon positions were analyzed simultaneously under
the most realistic models using all available calibration
information, the two methods produced similar results. The
divergence of the mouse lemurs is dated to be around 7-10
million years ago, indicating a surprisingly early species
radiation for such a morphologically uniform group of
primates.},
Doi = {10.1080/10635150390235557},
Key = {fds231731}
}
@article{fds231730,
Author = {Yoder, AD and Burns, MM and Zehr, S and Delefosse, T and Veron, G and Goodman, SM and Flynn, JJ},
Title = {Single origin of Malagasy Carnivora from an African
ancestor.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {421},
Number = {6924},
Pages = {734-737},
Year = {2003},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01303},
Abstract = {The Carnivora are one of only four orders of terrestrial
mammals living in Madagascar today. All four (carnivorans,
primates, rodents and lipotyphlan insectivores) are
placental mammals with limited means for dispersal, yet they
occur on a large island that has been surrounded by a
formidable oceanic barrier for at least 88 million years,
predating the age of origin for any of these groups. Even
so, as many as four colonizations of Madagascar have been
proposed for the Carnivora alone. The mystery of the
island's mammalian origins is confounded by its poor
Tertiary fossil record, which leaves us with no direct means
for estimating dates of initial diversification. Here we use
a multi-gene phylogenetic analysis to show that Malagasy
carnivorans are monophyletic and thus the product of a
single colonization of Madagascar by an African ancestor.
Furthermore, a bayesian analysis of divergence ages for
Malagasy carnivorans and lemuriforms indicates that their
respective colonizations were temporally separated by tens
of millions of years. We therefore conclude that a single
event, such as vicariance or common dispersal, cannot
explain the presence of both groups in Madagascar.},
Doi = {10.1038/nature01303},
Key = {fds231730}
}
@article{fds231732,
Author = {Eriksson, T and Hibbs, MS and Yoder, AD and Delwiche, CF and Donoghue,
MJ},
Title = {The phylogeny of Rosoideae (Rosaceae) based on sequences of
the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal
DNA and the trnL/F region of chloroplast
DNA},
Journal = {International Journal of Plant Sciences},
Volume = {164},
Number = {2},
Pages = {197-211},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/346163},
Abstract = {The phylogeny of Rosoideae was investigated using 44
species. Here we report new sequence data from the
chloroplast trnL/F region as well as an increased sample of
species. The analysis of these new data, along with
previously used data from the nuclear ribosomal internal
transcribed spacers (ITS), significantly increased
resolution as well as confidence for Rosoideae phylogeny.
Using both Bayesian inference and parsimony methods, we
conducted analyses on the data sets separately and in
combination. The resulting phylogenies are congruent with
all well-supported clades of Rosoideae found in previous
analyses of ITS or rbcL data. The support for these and
other clades is improved, and we consider several clades to
be supported well enough to be named. The following clades
are given phylogenetic definitions: Sanguisorbeae and its
subclades Agrimoniinae and Sanguisorbinae, Potentilleae and
its subclades Fragariinae and Potentilla, Roperculina (Rosa
+ Sanguisorbeae + Potentilleae), and Sanpotina
(Sanguisorbeae + Potentilleae). Potentilla includes the
Potentilla anserina clade (Argentina) in our trnL/F and
combined analyses, but this relationship is not resolved by
ITS alone. The previously used genera Duchesnea (Potentilla
indica), Horkelia, and Ivesia are strongly supported as
nested within Potentilla. Comarum (Potentilla palustris and
Potentilla salesowianum), Sibbaldiopsis (Potentilla
tridentata), Dasiphora (Potentilla fruticosa), and
Drymocallis (Potentilla arguta) join Alchemilla, Aphanes,
Sibbaldia, Chamaerhodos, and Fragaria in the well-supported
Fragariinae clade outside of Potentilla. The monophyly of
both Potentilleae and Sanguisorbeae is well supported, and
the clades correspond to previously named tribes with the
exception of Alchemilla and its segregate Aphanes, which are
nested within Potentilleae instead of in Sanguisorbeae. The
position of Rubus is still not securely resolved.},
Doi = {10.1086/346163},
Key = {fds231732}
}
@misc{fds231673,
Author = {Yoder, AD},
Title = {The phylogenetic position of genus Tarsius: whose side are
you on?},
Pages = {161-175},
Booktitle = {Tarsiers: Past, Present, and Future},
Publisher = {Rutgers Universioty Press},
Editor = {Wright, PC and Simons, EL and Gursjy, S},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds231673}
}
@misc{fds231674,
Author = {Yoder, AD},
Title = {Phylogeny of the lemurs},
Pages = {1242-1247},
Booktitle = {The Natural History of Madagascar},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Editor = {Goodman, SM and Benstead, J},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds231674}
}
@misc{fds231675,
Author = {Yoder, AD and Flynn, JJ},
Title = {Origin of Malagasy Carnivora},
Pages = {1253-1256},
Booktitle = {The Natural History of Madagascar},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Editor = {Goodman, SM and Benstead, J},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds231675}
}
@article{fds231729,
Author = {Yoder, AD and Burns, MM and Génin, F},
Title = {Molecular evidence of reproductive isolation in sympatric
sibling species of mouse lemurs},
Journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
Volume = {23},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1335-1343},
Year = {2002},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021187106641},
Abstract = {Recent morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies of
mouse lemurs (Microcebus) living in the western and southern
regions of Madagascar have shown that specific diversity had
been considerably underestimated. In large part, this
underestimate was due to the lack of sufficient specimens
from given localities to assess properly the level of
phenotypic variation within and between populations. The
accurate delineation of specific boundaries has no doubt
been confounded by the diminutive size, nocturnal habits,
and subtle morphological variation characteristic of mouse
lemurs, which can make field identification of individuals
problematic. We illustrate the use of molecular phylogenetic
analysis to reveal reproductive isolation in two sympatric
mouse lemur species, Microcebus murinus and M. griseorufus.
Their documentation in the Berenty Private Reserve in the
extreme south of Madagascar verifies the historically-broad
distribution of Microcebus griseorufus, a species recently
resurrected from synonomy.},
Doi = {10.1023/A:1021187106641},
Key = {fds231729}
}
@article{fds231726,
Author = {Olson, LE and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Using secondary structure to identify ribosomal numts:
cautionary examples from the human genome.},
Journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
Volume = {19},
Number = {1},
Pages = {93-100},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0737-4038},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003987},
Abstract = {The identification of inadvertently sequenced mitochondrial
pseudogenes (numts) is critical to any study employing
mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Failure to discriminate
numts correctly can confound phylogenetic reconstruction and
studies of molecular evolution. This is especially
problematic for ribosomal mtDNA genes. Unlike protein-coding
loci, whose pseudogenes tend to accumulate diagnostic
frameshift or premature stop mutations, functional ribosomal
genes are not constrained to maintain a reading frame and
can accumulate insertion-deletion events of varying length,
particularly in nonpairing regions. Several authors have
advocated using structural features of the transcribed rRNA
molecule to differentiate functional mitochondrial rRNA
genes from their nuclear paralogs. We explored this approach
using the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene and three known 12S
numts from the human genome in the context of anthropoid
phylogeny and the inferred secondary structure of primate
12S rRNA. Contrary to expectation, each of the three human
numts exhibits striking concordance with secondary structure
models, with little, if any, indication of their pseudogene
status, and would likely escape detection based on
structural criteria alone. Furthermore, we show that the
unwitting inclusion of a particularly ancient (18-25 Myr
old) and surprisingly cryptic human numt in a phylogenetic
analysis would yield a well-supported but dramatically
incorrect conclusion regarding anthropoid relationships.
Though we endorse the use of secondary structure models for
inferring positional homology wholeheartedly, we caution
against reliance on structural criteria for the
discrimination of rRNA numts, given the potential
fallibility of this approach.},
Doi = {10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003987},
Key = {fds231726}
}
@misc{fds231672,
Author = {Yoder, AD and Delefosse, T},
Title = {Ancient DNA},
Pages = {9-14},
Booktitle = {Yearbook of Science and Technology},
Publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds231672}
}
@article{fds231727,
Author = {Yoder, AD},
Title = {Ancient DNA from Megaladapis edwardsi.},
Journal = {Folia primatologica; international journal of
primatology},
Volume = {72},
Number = {6},
Pages = {342-343},
Year = {2001},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000052752},
Doi = {10.1159/000052752},
Key = {fds231727}
}
@article{fds231728,
Author = {Yoder, AD and Irwin, JA and Payseur, BA},
Title = {Failure of the ILD to determine data combinability for slow
loris phylogeny.},
Journal = {Systematic biology},
Volume = {50},
Number = {3},
Pages = {408-424},
Year = {2001},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1063-5157},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10635150116801},
Abstract = {Tests for incongruence as an indicator of among-data
partition conflict have played an important role in
conditional data combination. When such tests reveal
significant incongruence, this has been interpreted as a
rationale for not combining data into a single phylogenetic
analysis. In this study of lorisiform phylogeny, we use the
incongruence length difference (ILD) test to assess conflict
among three independent data sets. A large morphological
data set and two unlinked molecular data sets--the
mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and the nuclear
interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (exon 1)--are
analyzed with various optimality criteria and weighting
mechanisms to determine the phylogenetic relationships among
slow lorises (Primates, Loridae). When analyzed separately,
the morphological data show impressive statistical support
for a monophyletic Loridae. Both molecular data sets resolve
the Loridae as paraphyletic, though with different branching
orders depending on the optimality criterion or character
weighting used. When the three data partitions are analyzed
in various combinations, an inverse relationship between
congruence and phylogenetic accuracy is observed. Nearly all
combined analyses that recover monophyly indicate strong
data partition incongruence (P = 0.00005 in the most extreme
case), whereas all analyses that recover paraphyly indicate
lack of significant incongruence. Numerous lines of evidence
verify that monophyly is the accurate phylogenetic result.
Therefore, this study contributes to a growing body of
information affirming that measures of incongruence should
not be used as indicators of data set combinability.},
Doi = {10.1080/10635150116801},
Key = {fds231728}
}
@article{fds231725,
Author = {Yoder, AD and Rasoloarison, RM and Goodman, SM and Irwin, JA and Atsalis, S and Ravosa, MJ and Ganzhorn, JU},
Title = {Remarkable species diversity in Malagasy mouse lemurs
(primates, Microcebus).},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {97},
Number = {21},
Pages = {11325-11330},
Year = {2000},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.200121897},
Abstract = {Phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA sequence data confirms the
observation that species diversity in the world's smallest
living primate (genus Microcebus) has been greatly
underestimated. The description of three species new to
science, and the resurrection of two others from synonymy,
has been justified on morphological grounds and is supported
by evidence of reproductive isolation in sympatry. This
taxonomic revision doubles the number of recognized mouse
lemur species. The molecular data and phylogenetic analyses
presented here verify the revision and add a historical
framework for understanding mouse lemur species diversity.
Phylogenetic analysis revises established hypotheses of
ecogeographic constraint for the maintenance of species
boundaries in these endemic Malagasy primates. Mouse lemur
clades also show conspicuous patterns of regional endemism,
thereby emphasizing the threat of local deforestation to
Madagascar's unique biodiversity.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.200121897},
Key = {fds231725}
}
@article{fds231723,
Author = {Yoder, AD and Irwin, JA and Goodman, SM and Rakotoarisoa,
SV},
Title = {Genetic tests of the taxonomic status of the ring-tailed
lemur (Lemur catta) from the high mountain zone of the
Andringitra Massif, Madagascar},
Journal = {Journal of Zoology},
Volume = {252},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-9},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2000},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0952-8369},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0952836900009018},
Abstract = {A recent survey of the high-mountain zone of the Madagascar
Parc National (PN) d'Andringitra revealed the presence of an
apparently isolated troop of the ring-tailed lemur Lemur
catta. These animals display phenotypic and ecological
characteristics that are unusual for the monotypic genus
Lemur, thus raising the possibility that they are members of
a different undescribed species. We present analyses of two
mitochondrial genes to test the hypothesis that L. catta
from Andringitra should be considered a distinct species.
The results indicate that taxonomic revision is not
warranted under the expectations of the phylogenetic,
coalescent, or biological species concepts. Rather, the
genetic patterns observed among the Andringitra and lowland
mitochondrial haplotypes are consistent with those expected
for a single species.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0952836900009018},
Key = {fds231723}
}
@article{fds231724,
Author = {Yoder, AD and Yang, Z},
Title = {Estimation of primate speciation dates using local molecular
clocks.},
Journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
Volume = {17},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1081-1090},
Year = {2000},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0737-4038},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026389},
Abstract = {Protein-coding genes of the mitochondrial genomes from 31
mammalian species were analyzed to estimate the speciation
dates within primates and also between rats and mice. Three
calibration points were used based on paleontological data:
one at 20-25 MYA for the hominoid/cercopithecoid divergence,
one at 53-57 MYA for the cetacean/artiodactyl divergence,
and the third at 110-130 MYA for the metatherian/eutherian
divergence. Both the nucleotide and the amino acid sequences
were analyzed, producing conflicting results. The global
molecular clock was clearly violated for both the nucleotide
and the amino acid data. Models of local clocks were
implemented using maximum likelihood, allowing different
evolutionary rates for some lineages while assuming rate
constancy in others. Surprisingly, the highly divergent
third codon positions appeared to contain phylogenetic
information and produced more sensible estimates of primate
divergence dates than did the amino acid sequences.
Estimated dates varied considerably depending on the data
type, the calibration point, and the substitution model but
differed little among the four tree topologies used. We
conclude that the calibration derived from the primate
fossil record is too recent to be reliable; we also point
out a number of problems in date estimation when the
molecular clock does not hold. Despite these obstacles, we
derived estimates of primate divergence dates that were well
supported by the data and were generally consistent with the
paleontological record. Estimation of the mouse-rat
divergence date, however, was problematic.},
Doi = {10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026389},
Key = {fds231724}
}
@article{fds231721,
Author = {Yang, Z and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Estimation of the transition/transversion rate bias and
species sampling.},
Journal = {Journal of molecular evolution},
Volume = {48},
Number = {3},
Pages = {274-283},
Year = {1999},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0022-2844},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00006470},
Abstract = {The transition/transversion (ti/tv) rate ratios are
estimated by pairwise sequence comparison and joint
likelihood analysis using mitochondrial cytochrome b genes
of 28 primate species, representing both the Strepsirrhini
(lemurs and lories) and the Anthropoidea (monkeys, apes, and
humans). Pairwise comparison reveals a strong negative
correlation between estimates of the ti/tv ratio and the
sequence distance, even when both are corrected for multiple
substitutions. The maximum-likelihood estimate of the ti/tv
ratio changes with the species included in the analysis. The
ti/tv bias within the lemuriform taxa is found to be as
strong as in the anthropoids, in contradiction to an earlier
study which sampled only one lemuriform. Simulations show
the surprising result that both the pairwise correction
method and the joint likelihood analysis tend to overcorrect
for multiple substitutions and overestimate the ti/tv ratio,
especially at low sequence divergence. The bias, however, is
not large enough to account for the observed patterns.
Nucleotide frequency biases, variation of substitution rates
among sites, and different evolutionary dynamics at the
three codon positions can be ruled out as possible causes.
The likelihood-ratio test suggests that the ti/tv rate
ratios may be variable among evolutionary lineages. Without
any biological evidence for such a variation, however, we
are left with no plausible explanations for the observed
patterns other than a possible saturation effect due to the
unrealistic nature of the model assumed.},
Doi = {10.1007/pl00006470},
Key = {fds231721}
}
@article{fds231722,
Author = {Yoder, AD and Irwin, JA},
Title = {Phylogeny of the Lemuridae: Effects of character and taxon
sampling on resolution of species relationships within
Eulemur},
Journal = {Cladistics},
Volume = {15},
Number = {3},
Pages = {351-361},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/clad.1999.0105},
Abstract = {DNA sequences from three mitochondrial genes and one nuclear
gene were analyzed to determine the phylogeny of the
Malagasy primate family Lemuridae. Whether analyzed
separately or in combination, the data consistently indicate
that Eulemur species comprise a clade that is sister to a
Lemur catta plus Hapalemur clade. The genus Varecia is basal
to both. Resolution of cladogenic events within Eulemur was
found to be extremely problematic with a total of six
alternative arrangements offered by various data sets and
weighting regimes. We attempt to determine the best
arrangement of Eulemur taxa through a variety of character
and taxon sampling strategies. Because our study includes
all but one Eulemur species, increased taxon sampling is
probably not an option for enhancing phylogenetic accuracy.
We find, however, that the combined genetic data set is more
robust to changes in taxon sample than are any of the
individual data sets, suggesting that increased character
sampling stabilizes phylogenetic resolution. Nonetheless,
due to the difficult nature of the problem, we may have to
accept certain aspects of Eulemur interrelationships as
uncertain.},
Doi = {10.1006/clad.1999.0105},
Key = {fds231722}
}
@misc{fds231671,
Author = {Yoder, AD and Rakotosamimanana, B and Parsons,
TJ},
Title = {Ancient DNA in subfossil lemurs: methodological challenges
and their solutions},
Pages = {1-17},
Booktitle = {New Directions in Lemur Studies},
Publisher = {Plenumn Press},
Editor = {Rasaminanana, HB and Rakotosamimanana, S and Goodman, S and Ganshorn,
J},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds231671}
}
@article{fds231670,
Author = {Yoder, A},
Title = {An infinitude of connecting links},
Journal = {Trends in Ecology & Evolution},
Volume = {12},
Number = {3},
Pages = {86-88},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1997},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0169-5347},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(96)30063-3},
Doi = {10.1016/s0169-5347(96)30063-3},
Key = {fds231670}
}
@article{fds231720,
Author = {Yoder, AD},
Title = {Back to the future: A synthesis of strepsirrhine
systematics},
Journal = {Evolutionary Anthropology},
Volume = {6},
Number = {1},
Pages = {11-22},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(1997)6:1<11::AID-EVAN6>3.0.CO;2-Z},
Abstract = {The strepsirrhine primates, defined here as living
tooth-combed primates, their immediate ancestor, and all of
its descendants, are a diverse assemblage of mammals, viewed
by some as exemplars of the richness of evolutionary
innovation and by others as uninteresting "primitive"
primates. Fortunately, the former view has taken precedence
in recent years. The Strepsirrhini have been central to
numerous debates touching on key issues such as the
congruence of phylogeny to biogeography, the reliability of
morphological characters for phylogeny reconstruction, and
the relationship of living lineages to fossil lineages.
Thanks to important theoretical and methodological advances,
particularly within the arena of genetics, a robust picture
of strepsirrhine phylogeny is emerging that casts light on
these and numerous other evolutionary questions.},
Doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(1997)6:1<11::AID-EVAN6>3.0.CO;2-Z},
Key = {fds231720}
}
@article{fds231741,
Author = {Yoder, AD and Vilgalys, R and Ruvolo, M},
Title = {Molecular evolutionary dynamics of cytochrome b in
strepsirrhine primates: the phylogenetic significance of
third-position transversions.},
Journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
Volume = {13},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1339-1350},
Year = {1996},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0737-4038},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025580},
Abstract = {DNA sequences of the complete cytochrome b gene are shown to
contain robust phylogenetic signal for the strepsirrhine
primates (i.e., lemurs and lorises). The phylogeny derived
from these data conforms to other molecular studies of
strepsirrhine relationships despite the fact that
uncorrected nucleotide distances are high for nearly all
intrastrepsirrhine comparisons, with most in the 15%-20%
range. Cytochrome b sequences support the hypothesis that
Malagasy lemuriforms and Afro-Asian lorisiforms each
comprise clades that share a sister-group relationship. A
study (Adkins and Honeycutt 1994) of the cytochrome c
oxidase subunit II (COII) gene placed one Malagasy primate
(Daubentonia) at the base of the strepsirrhine clade,
thereby suggesting a diphyletic Lemuriformes. The reanalysis
of COII third-position transversions, either alone or in
combination with cytochrome b third-position transversions,
however, yields a tree that is congruent with phylogenetic
hypotheses derived from cytochrome b and other genetic data
sets.},
Doi = {10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025580},
Key = {fds231741}
}
@article{fds231742,
Author = {Yoder, AD and Cartmill, M and Ruvolo, M and Smith, K and Vilgalys,
R},
Title = {Ancient single origin for Malagasy primates.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {93},
Number = {10},
Pages = {5122-5126},
Year = {1996},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.10.5122},
Abstract = {We report new evidence that bears decisively on a
long-standing controversy in primate systematics. DNA
sequence data for the complete cytochrome b gene, combined
with an expanded morphological data set, confirm the results
of a previous study and again indicate that all extant
Malagasy lemurs originated from a single common ancestor.
These results, as well as those from other genetic studies,
call for a revision of primate classifications in which the
dwarf and mouse lemurs are placed within the Afro-Asian
lorisiforms. The phylogenetic results, in agreement with
paleocontinental data, indicate an African origin for the
common ancestor of lemurs and lorises (the Strepsirrhini).
The molecular data further suggest the surprising conclusion
that lemurs began evolving independently by the early Eocene
at the latest. This indicates that the Malagasy primate
lineage is more ancient than generally thought and places
the split between the two strepsirrhine lineages well before
the appearance of known Eocene fossil primates. We conclude
that primate origins were marked by rapid speciation and
diversification sometime before the late
Paleocene.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.93.10.5122},
Key = {fds231742}
}
@misc{fds231669,
Author = {Yoder, AD},
Title = {The use of phylogeny for reconstructing lemuriform
biogeography},
Pages = {245-258},
Booktitle = {Biogeographie de Madagascar},
Publisher = {Editions de l’ORSTROM},
Editor = {Lourenco, WR},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds231669}
}
@article{fds231718,
Author = {Yoder, AD},
Title = {Relative position of the Cheirogaleidae in strepsirhine
phylogeny: a comparison of morphological and molecular
methods and results.},
Journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
Volume = {94},
Number = {1},
Pages = {25-46},
Year = {1994},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330940104},
Abstract = {An examination of previous morphological and molecular
studies of strepsirhine systematics suggests a conflict
between the two types of data. Cladistic analyses of
morphological data have indicated that the Malagasy primate
family Cheirogaleidae is the sister taxon of the Afro-Asian
lorisiforms and that together, cheirogaleids and lorisiforms
comprise a monophyletic clade that excludes the Malagasy
lemuriforms. Molecular studies, on the other hand, have
consistently found that cheirogaleids and lemuriforms
together are monophyletic to the exclusion of lorisiforms.
Both types of studies, however, have suffered from
methodological weaknesses: the morphological studies looked
at too few characters and the molecular studies looked at
too few taxa. This study examines a large and diverse
morphological data set as well as molecular data from a
comprehensive sample of strepsirhine taxa. The data sets are
considered independently and jointly. When they are analyzed
independently, the morphological data give weak support, and
the molecular data strong support, to the hypothesis of
Malagasy primate monophyly. When the two data sets are
combined in a single analysis, the results are decisive. The
"total evidence" approach yields compelling support to the
hypothesis that cheirogaleids and remaining Malagasy
lemuriforms comprise a monophyletic assemblage that excludes
lorisiforms.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330940104},
Key = {fds231718}
}
@article{fds231717,
Author = {Cartmill, M and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Molecules and morphology in Primate Systematics: An
introduction},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {94},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-1},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1994},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1994NG90500001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330940102},
Key = {fds231717}
}
@article{fds231719,
Author = {Yoder, AD},
Title = {The applications and limitations of ontogenetic comparisons
for phylogeny reconstruction: the case of the strepsirhine
internal carotid artery},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {23},
Number = {2},
Pages = {183-196},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1992},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0047-2484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2484(92)90106-J},
Abstract = {Ontogeny and phylogeny together determine organismal form
and consequently, the two should be reciprocally
illuminating. Ontogeny contributes valuable information for
phylogenetic studies, not because it is a window into
phylogeny, but because ontogenetic comparisons provide data
that is easily incorporated into the framework of systematic
investigation. Ontogenetic data allow independent tests of
character homology and polarity, increase knowledge of
character complexity, and can also provide new characters
for phylogenetic analysis. Cheriogaleid and lorisiform
primates share a unique condition of the internal carotid
artery. A large medial branch of the internal carotid, the
ascending pharyngeal artery, bypasses the bulla to enter the
cranial cavity through the foramen lacerum. This character
has been defined by primate systematists as the primary
synapomorphy of a cheirogaleid-lorisiform clade. To test the
hypotheses of homology and polarity, the development of the
internal carotid artery in a cheirogaleid, Microcebus
murinus, was compared with that of a lorisiform, Galago
senegalensis senegalensis. The comparison revealed that the
ontogeny of this character is nearly identical in these two
strepsirhine primates, thus supporting the hypothesis of
homology. Also, a new character was identified that, if
interpreted as derived, adds further support to the
hypothesis that cheirogaleids and lorisiforms constitute a
monophyletic clade. The same developmental sequences do not
contribute to the determination of polarity for the
ascending pharyngeal artery. Consequently, this study cannot
distinguish between hypotheses of synapomorphy or
symplesiomorphy. Outgroup comparisons, however, strongly
support the hypothesis that the ascending pharyngeal artery
is a derived character and therefore indicative of
cheirogaleid-lorisiform monophyly. © 1992.},
Doi = {10.1016/0047-2484(92)90106-J},
Key = {fds231719}
}
@article{fds231743,
Author = {Kay, RF and Thewissen, JGM and Yoder, AD},
Title = {Cranial anatomy of Ignacius graybullianus and the affinities
of the Plesiadapiformes},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {89},
Number = {4},
Pages = {477-498},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1992},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330890409},
Abstract = {A nearly complete cranium of Ignacius graybullianus provides
increased understanding of the cranial anatomy of
Plesiadapiformes. In nearly all details of cranial anatomy,
Ignacius differs markedly from primates. USNM 421608
exhibits a long tapering snout, small widely spaced orbits,
and a complete lack of postorbital process or bar. Large
olfactory bulbs are inferred from the wide interorbital
space. The marked flare of the zygomatic arches suggests
that Ignacius possessed large and powerful temporal muscles.
The basicranial region is particularly well preserved and
reveals a distinct suture between the petrosal bone and an
entotympanic bulla. This suture is visible on both the left
and right sides of the skull and dispels the hypothesis that
Ignacius and, by inference, other Plesiadapiformes share the
primate synapomorphy of a petrosal bulla. To test the
phylogenetic position of Ignacius, cranial characters were
identified and scored for Ignacius, Plesiadapis,
Cynocephalus, and a number of primates, bats, and
scandentians. Two erinaceomorph insectivores were also
included to allow the assessment of archontan monophyly.
These characters were incorporated into a
maximum‐parsimony analysis to determine the phylogenetic
position of Plesiadapiformes. There are several important
phylogenetic conclusions that can be inferred from this
analysis: 1) Ignacius and Plesiadapis make up a monophyletic
clade; 2) Plesiadapiformes may be the sister group of
Dermoptera; 3) Scandentia, not Plesiadapiformes, is the
sister group of Primates; and 4) Primates, plesiadapiforms,
bats, colugos, and scandentians may not form a monophyletic
clade Archonta. Consequently, the taxon Archonta is in need
of review. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Copyright © 1992
Wiley‐Liss, Inc., A Wiley Company},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.1330890409},
Key = {fds231743}
}
@article{fds231715,
Author = {YODER, AD},
Title = {A COMPARISON OF CHARACTER ONTOGENY IN 2 STREPSIRHINE
PRIMATES - APPLICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS FOR
PHYLOGENETICS},
Journal = {AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST},
Volume = {31},
Number = {5},
Pages = {A62-A62},
Publisher = {AMER SOC ZOOLOGISTS},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-1569},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1991GV28500243&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds231715}
}
@article{fds231716,
Author = {YODER, AD},
Title = {A PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE TRUE
LORISES},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {78},
Number = {2},
Pages = {327-327},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {1989},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0002-9483},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1989T265200446&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds231716}
}
%% Yokley, Todd R.
@book{fds50225,
Author = {Yokley,T.R},
Title = {The Functional and Adaptive Significance of Anatomical
Variation in Recent and Fossil Human Nasal
Passages},
Year = {2006},
Abstract = {Most investigations into the adaptive significance of recent
and fossil human nasal morphology have focused on size and
shape of the external nose or skeletal nasal aperture
despite the fact that the internal nasal passages play a
more prominent role in the performance of the primary
functions of the nose. The lack of work on internal nasal
anatomy is due primarily to the complexity of the nasal
passages and the difficulty in measuring such structures.
However, recent advances in imaging technology have made
precise measurements of complex internal structures
possible. Theoretically, individuals whose ancestors evolved
in colder climates should have greater mucosal surface area
relative to nasal passage volume than individuals whose
ancestors evolved in warmer climates. A high
surface-area-to-volume ratio allows relatively more air to
come in contact with the mucosa, thereby facilitating more
efficient heat and moisture exchange, whereas a low
surface-area-to-volume ratio is not as efficient, thus
allowing for better heat dissipation. To test this
hypothesis, measurements of nasal passage surface area and
volume were collected from a sample of CT scans of patients
of European and African ancestry. Results indicate that
individuals of European descent do have higher
surface-area-to-volume ratios than individuals of African
descent, but only under decongested conditions. Under normal
conditions, the two groups show little difference. This
pattern of variation is possibly due to selection for
different surface-area-to-volume configurations during times
of physical exertion, which has been shown to elicit
decongestion. This analysis also examined the relationship
between skeletal measurements of the nasal aperture and
nasal cavity and physiologically more relevant internal
soft-tissue dimensions. Contrary to predictions, the nasal
index, the ratio of nasal breadth to nasal height, is not
strongly correlated with internal dimensions, but multiple
measures of nasal cavity breadth do show significant
correlations. These relationships were used to predict the
morphology of recent and fossil human crania. While the
predictive power of the resultant equations is not overly
strong, the predicted dimensions provide some insight into
the internal nasal morphology of fossil humans, most notably
that the Neandertals probably had a cold-adapted
morphotype.},
Key = {fds50225}
}
@misc{fds50228,
Author = {Yokley, T.R},
Title = {Ecogeographic variation in human nasal passages},
Year = {2006},
Abstract = {Nearly a century’s worth of research into ecogeographic
variation in external nasal morphology has shown that
individuals from cold and/or dry climates tend to have tall,
narrow noses, while individuals from hot and humid climates
tend to have noses that are short and broad. This pattern of
variation in external nasal anatomy is thought to be related
to the amount of internal mucosal surface area relative to
the volume of air within the nasal passages, but no one has
explicitly demonstrated this relationship. Individuals whose
ancestors evolved in colder, drier climates should possess
higher surface-area-to-volume (SA/V) ratios than individuals
whose ancestors evolved in warmer, more humid climates. A
high SA/V ratio allows relatively more air to come in
contact with the mucosa, thereby facilitating more efficient
heat and moisture exchange, whereas a low SA/V ratio allows
for better heat dissipation. To test this hypothesis,
mucosal surface areas and nasal passage volumes were
collected from a sample of CT scans of patients of European
and African ancestry from the University of North Carolina
Hospital as well as a sample of native South Africans from
Johannesburg Hospital. Skeletal dimensions of the nasal
aperture and nasal cavity were also measured to determine if
they co-vary with SA/V. Results of this analysis indicate
that individuals of European descent possess significantly
higher SA/V ratios than both native Africans and individuals
of African descent and that nasal aperture dimensions are
correlated with SA/V, although not as highly as dimensions
of the nasal cavity.},
Key = {fds50228}
}
@article{fds50226,
Author = {Yokley, T.R. and Churchill, S.E},
Title = {Archaic and modern human distal humeral morphology},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {51},
Pages = {603-616},
Year = {2006},
Abstract = {The morphology of the proximal ulna has been shown to
effectively differentiate archaic or premodern humans (such
as Homo heidelbergensis and H. neanderthalensis) from modern
humans (H. sapiens). Accordingly, the morphology of
adjacent, articulating elements should be able to
distinguish these two broad groups as well. Here we test the
taxonomic utility of another portion of the elbow, the
distal humerus, as a discriminator of archaic and modern
humans. Principal components analysis was employed on a
suite of log-raw and log-shape distal humeral measures to
examine differences between Neandertal and modern human
distal humeri. In addition, the morphological affinities of
Broken Hill (Kabwe) E.898, an archaic human distal humeral
fragment from the middle Pleistocene of Zambia, and five
Pliocene and early Pleistocene australopith humeri were
assessed. The morphometric analyses effectively
differentiated the Neandertals from the other groups, while
the Broken Hill humerus appears morphologically similar to
modern human distal humeri. Thus, an archaic/modern human
dichotomy – as previously reported for proximal ulnar
morphology – is not supported with respect to distal
humeral morphology. Relative to australopiths and modern
humans, Neandertal humeri are characterized by large
olecranon fossae and small distodorsal medial and lateral
pillars. The seeming disparity in morphological affinities
of proximal ulnae (in which all archaic human groups appear
distinct from modern humans) and distal humeri (in which
Neandertals appear distinct from modern humans, but other
archaic humans do not) is probably indicative of a highly
variable, possibly transitional population of which our
knowledge is hampered by sample-size limitations imposed by
the scarcity of middle-to-late Pleistocene premodern human
fossils outside of Europe.},
Key = {fds50226}
}
@article{fds44875,
Author = {Miller, S.F. and Yokley, T.R. and Churchill, S.E. and Franciscus, R.G. and Hublin, J.J. and Eaves-Johnson, K.L},
Title = {3-D morphometric reconstruction of the oro-nasopharynx in
the La Ferrassie 1 Neandertal},
Journal = {PaleoAnthropology},
Year = {2006},
Abstract = {Previous attempts to reconstruct the vocal tracts of fossil
hominids have been met with varying criticism. Most
reconstructions have relied on single skeletal indicators
such as basicranial flexion or hyoid morphology, an approach
that downplays the inherent complexity of upper respiratory
anatomy, or have employed anatomical sculpting methods on
single fossil individuals, an approach that is overly
qualitative and not conducive to independent validation. We
present here a new technique for reconstructing vocal tract
anatomy that overcomes some of these problems and eliminates
much of the subjectivity of previous analyses. We use the
3-D morphometric relationships between skeletal and
associated soft-tissue landmarks of the supralaryngeal vocal
tract from CT scans of living humans (n=47) to predict the
oronasopharynx and associated structures of the La Ferrassie
1 Neandertal using regression modeling on its associated
cranial, mandibular and cervical vertebral elements. The
resulting three-dimensional reconstruction of the
supralaryngeal tract in La Ferrassie 1 is robust to
independent validation, and contains both similarities and
key differences relative to modern humans. The predicted
hyoid is essentially similar to our comparative recent human
sample, especially in overall shape, while the
oro-nasopharynx is substantially different in both
superoinferior and anteroposterior dimensions. These
results, in the larger context of Neandertal cranio-
mandibular and hyoid morpho logy have both linguistic and
non-linguistic functional implications.},
Key = {fds44875}
}
@article{fds44872,
Author = {Yokley, T.R},
Title = {A reanalysis of Neandertal internal nasal
morphology},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Year = {2006},
Abstract = {Three aspects of internal nasal morphology have been claimed
to represent Neandertal autapomorphies: 1) the presence of
an internal nasal margin with a medial projection; 2) the
medial expansion of the nasal cavity wall into the posterior
portion of the nasal cavity; and 3) the lack of an ossified
roof over the lacrimal groove (Schwartz & Tattersall, 1996).
Despite widespread acceptance of these characters as
Neandertal autapomorphies, the evidence for this claim is
weakened by a number of methodological problems, the most
notable being an extremely small sample size and
insufficient attention to intraspecific variation. To assess
variation in these three features, twelve Neandertals, eight
early modern Europeans, and one-hundred-and-five recent
humans were examined for the presence of each feature as
defined by Schwartz and Tattersall. Internal nasal
morphology was found to be highly variable within and
between groups, such that the designation of these three
characters as Neandertal autapomorphies appears
unwarranted.},
Key = {fds44872}
}
@misc{fds50230,
Author = {Yokley, T.R. and Franciscus, R.G},
Title = {Variation in nasal passage surface-area-to-volume ratios of
recent and fossil humans},
Year = {2005},
Abstract = {Most investigations into the adaptive significance of recent
and fossil human nasal morphology have focused exclusively
on size and shape of the external nose and skeletal nasal
aperture despite the fact that the internal nasal passages
play a more prominent role in the performance of the primary
functions of the nose. This omission is due primarily to the
complexity of internal nasal anatomy and the difficulty in
measuring such structures. However, recent advances in
imaging technology have made precise measurements of complex
internal nasal structures possible, thus allowing for the
first time a systematic analysis of variation in mucosal
surface area and volume of the nasal passages.
Theoretically, individuals whose ancestors evolved in colder
climates should possess higher surface-area-to- volume
(SA/V) ratios than individuals whose ancestors evolved in
warmer climates. A high SA/V ratio allows relatively more
air to come in contact with the mucosa, thereby facilitating
more efficient heat and moisture exchange, whereas a low
SA/V ratio allows for better heat dissipation. To test this
hypothesis, we collected mucosal surface areas and nasal
passage volumes from a sample of CT scans of patients of
European and African ancestry from the University of North
Carolina Hospital in Chapel Hill. Our results indicate that
individuals of European descent do possess higher SA/V
ratios than individuals of African descent. Importantly, the
higher SA/V ratios are due to decreased nasal passage
volumes resulting from narrower nasal cavity breadths at the
level of the middle meatus rather than differences in the
mucosal surface. This result indicates that internal nasal
anatomy in fossil hominins can be meaningfully compared and
functionally interpreted even in the absence of the
taphonomically fragile turbinate bones. We relate these
results to a series of unresolved issues regarding the
adaptive significance of the nasal anatomy of Neandertals
and other fossil humans.},
Key = {fds50230}
}
@misc{fds50231,
Author = {Miller, S.F. and Yokley, T.R. and Churchill, S.E. and Franciscus, R.G. and Hublin, J.J. and Eaves-Johnson, K.L},
Title = {A new technique for reconstructing the vocal anatomy of
fossil humans},
Year = {2003},
Abstract = {Previous reconstructions of fossil human vocal tract (VT)
anatomy have primarily been based on single skeletal
indicators such as basicranial flexion or hyoid morphology.
These studies have produced conflicting results. A few
reconstructions have used combinations of indicators to
predict VT morphology, but these have employed relatively
subjective methods. In an attempt to better understand
fossil human VT anatomy, we developed a new predictive
technique that uses relationships between VT landmarks and
associated skeletal landmarks of living humans as the basis
for reconstruction. We believe that the use of these
landmarks is more likely to produce reliable results than
any single indicator, and that our method of analyzing
relationships between skeletal and soft-tissue anatomy is
less subjective than previous techniques. Using the software
package C2000cépha v.2.1.B, we collected two large sets of
landmark data from a sample of human clinical CT scans
provided by the Clinique Pasteur in Toulouse, France. The
first consisted of skeletal landmarks located on the
basicranium, vertebral column, dentition, mandible,
nasopharynx, nasal cavity, and nasal aperture. The second
consisted of soft-tissue landmarks located along the VT.
Through the combined use of generalized procrustes analysis,
principal component analysis, and multiple regression, we
derived multiple formulae that allow us to predict the
position of soft-tissue VT landmarks based on associated
skeletal landmarks. Preliminary work indicates that this
technique facilitates a working 3-D approximation of the
supralaryngeal VT from skeletal landmarks, and that it holds
promise for the reconstruction of VT soft-tissue anatomy in
Neandertal and other fossil specimens.},
Key = {fds50231}
}
@misc{fds50232,
Author = {Yokley, T.R. and Hutchinson, V.T},
Title = {Refining character sets for hominin phylogenetic
analysis},
Year = {2003},
Abstract = {Recent work by Collard and Wood (2000) has brought into
question the use of cranial and dental data for phylogenetic
analysis of fossil hominins. In order to test the
reliability of craniodental data, Collard and Wood compared
molecular-based phylogenies of extant hominoids and
papionins to ones based on metric and discrete craniodental
characters like those typically used to infer hominin
phylogenetic relationships. Their analysis revealed
contradictions between the two sets of phylogenies, thus
leading them to conclude that craniodental data are
unreliable and should not be the sole basis of hominin
phylogenetic hypotheses. While we agree that cranial and
dental homoplasies are common and can lead to incorrect
phylogenies, we believe that categorizing all craniodental
data as unreliable is ill-advised. Many cranial and dental
characters accurately reflect phylogenetic relationships,
although determining which do so is difficult to assess. A
technique similar to the one used by Collard and Wood could
be employed to identify characters or types of characters
that regularly produce misleading phylogenetic signals. By
mapping craniodental characters onto a known phylogeny of a
closely related extant group such as the hominoids,
homologous and homoplastic characters can be recognized.
Omitting characters that regularly appear as homoplasies
from future analyses should allow better phylogenies to be
generated from the limited data that is typically available
among fossil samples. We applied this technique to the
qualitative data used by Collard and Wood and discuss here
the possibility of refining such a character set for
phylogenetic analysis of fossil hominins.},
Key = {fds50232}
}
@misc{fds50236,
Author = {Yokley, T.R. and Churchill, S.E},
Title = {Archaic and modern human distal humeral morphology},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds50236}
}
@misc{fds50238,
Author = {Yokley, T.R},
Title = {Variation in Neandertal Internal Nasal Morphology: Evidence
from Krapina and Vindija},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds50238}
}
@book{fds50227,
Author = {Yokley, T.R},
Title = {Neandertal Noses: A Descriptive and Comparative Analysis of
the Nasal Morphology of the Krapina and Vindija
Neandertals},
Year = {1998},
Abstract = {In a recent study, Schwartz and Tattersall outlined a series
of proposed autapomorphic features for the internal nasal
region of Neandertals. These features include the presence
of an internal nasal margin with a medial projection, the
medial expansion of the nasal cavity wall into the posterior
portion of the nasal cavity, and an exposed lacrimal groove.
Based on the Schwartz and Tattersall study, others have
further suggested that the arrangement of crests of the
inferior portion of the nasal aperture is uniquely derived
in Neandertals. Schwartz and Tattersall noted the presence
of these features in a small sample of Neandertals from
Western Europe. Excluded from their study, perhaps because
of their fragmentary nature, were Neandertal specimens from
the Croatian sites of Krapina and Vindija. The present study
is designed as a descriptive and comparative analysis of the
nasal morphology of the Krapina and Vindija Neandertals with
an emphasis on the features presented by Schwartz and
Tattersall. Detailed descriptions of the nasal morphology of
the Krapina and Vindija specimens are provided and
comparisons are made between the two collections. Where
applicable, expression of the proposed autapomorphic
features was observed on the Krapina and Vindija specimens.
Patterns of cresting in the lower part of the nasal aperture
were documented for both samples. The internal nasal
morphology of an extensive modern sample from the skeletal
collections at the Field Museum in Chicago was also
documented and compared to the morphology of the Krapina and
Vindija Neandertal samples. The results of this analysis are
inconsistent with those of the Schwartz and Tattersall
study. The morphology of several of the Krapina and Vindija
specimens falls within the range of variation present in the
modern sample. Thus, after increasing the sample to include
specimens from Krapina and Vindija, the three traits
proposed by Schwartz and Tattersall are rejected as
Neandertal autapomorphies. The nasal cresting patterns of
Krapina and Vindija differ from specimens analyzed in the
Schwartz and Tattersall study as well as from each other.
Therefore, the claim of an autapomorphic Neandertal cresting
pattern is rejected as well.},
Key = {fds50227}
}
%% Zeininger, Angel
@article{fds362084,
Author = {Deckers, K and Tsegai, ZJ and Skinner, MM and Zeininger, A and Kivell,
TL},
Title = {Ontogenetic changes to metacarpal trabecular bone structure
in mountain and western lowland gorillas.},
Journal = {Journal of Anatomy},
Volume = {241},
Number = {1},
Pages = {82-100},
Year = {2022},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joa.13630},
Abstract = {The trabecular bone morphology of adult extant primates has
been shown to reflect mechanical loading related to
locomotion. However, ontogenetic studies of humans and other
mammals suggest an adaptive lag between trabecular bone
response and current mechanical loading patterns that could
result in adult trabecular bone morphology reflecting
juvenile behaviours. This study investigates ontogenetic
changes in the trabecular bone structure of the third
metacarpal of mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei;
n = 26) and western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla
gorilla; n = 26) and its relationship to expected changes
in locomotor loading patterns. Results show that trabecular
bone reflects predicted mechanical loading throughout
ontogeny. Bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness and
trabecular number are low at birth and increase with age,
although degree of anisotropy remains relatively stable
throughout ontogeny. A high concentration of bone volume
fraction can be observed in the distopalmar region of the
third metacarpal epiphysis in early ontogeny, consistent
with the high frequency of climbing, suspensory and other
grasping behaviours in young gorillas. High trabecular bone
concentration increases dorsally in the epiphysis during the
juvenile period as terrestrial knuckle-walking becomes the
primary form of locomotion. However, fusion of the epiphysis
does not take place until 10-11 years of age, and overall
trabecular structure does not fully reflect the adult
pattern until 12 years of age, indicating a lag between
adult-like behaviours and adult-like trabecular morphology.
We found minimal differences in trabecular ontogeny between
mountain and western lowland gorillas, despite presumed
variation in the frequencies of arboreal locomotor
behaviours. Altogether, ontogenetic changes in Gorilla
metacarpal trabecular structure reflect overall genus-level
changes in locomotor behaviours throughout development, but
with some ontogenetic lag that should be considered when
drawing functional conclusions from bone structure in extant
or fossil adolescent specimens.},
Doi = {10.1111/joa.13630},
Key = {fds362084}
}
@article{fds359346,
Author = {Arias-Martorell, J and Zeininger, A and Kivell,
TL},
Title = {Trabecular structure of the elbow reveals divergence in
knuckle-walking biomechanical strategies of African
apes.},
Journal = {Evolution; International Journal of Organic
Evolution},
Volume = {75},
Number = {11},
Pages = {2959-2971},
Year = {2021},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evo.14354},
Abstract = {African apes engage in a distinct form of locomotion called
knuckle-walking, but there is much ambiguity as to when and
how this locomotor behavior evolved. This study aims to
elucidate potential differences in knuckle-walking elbow
posture and loading in African apes through the study of
trabecular bone. Using a whole-epiphysis approach, we
quantified variation in the trabecular structure of the
distal humerus of chimpanzees, western lowland gorillas, and
mountain gorillas in comparison to orang-utans, siamangs,
and a sample of Old and New World monkeys. Results
demonstrate differences in the distribution of trabecular
bone within the distal humerus that are consistent across
taxa that habitually use a flexed-elbow posture in
comparison to those that use an extended elbow during
locomotion. Western lowland gorillas show an extended-elbow
pattern consistent with the straight forelimb position
during knuckle-walking, whereas chimpanzees show a
flexed-elbow pattern. Unexpectedly, mountain gorillas show
an intermediate pattern between their western counterparts
and chimpanzees. The differences found in elbow joint
posture between chimpanzees and gorillas, and between
gorilla species, point to diversification in the
knuckle-walking biomechanical strategies among African apes,
which has implications in the debate regarding the locomotor
behavior from which human bipedalism arose.},
Doi = {10.1111/evo.14354},
Key = {fds359346}
}
@article{fds358683,
Author = {Tasnim, N and Schmitt, D and Zeininger, A},
Title = {Effects of human variation on foot and ankle pain in rural
Madagascar.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {176},
Number = {2},
Pages = {308-320},
Year = {2021},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24392},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Foot and ankle dysfunction in
barefoot/minimally shod populations remains understudied.
Although factors affecting musculoskeletal pain in Western
populations are well-studied, little is known about how
types of work, gender, and body shape influence bone and
joint health in non-Western and minimally shod communities.
This study examines the effect of human variation on
locomotor disability in an agrarian community in
Madagascar.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>Foot measurements
were collected along with height, weight, age, and
self-report data on daily activity and foot and ankle pain
from 41 male and 48 female adults. A short form revised foot
function index (FFI-R), that measures functional disability
related to foot pain, was calculated. Raw and normalized
foot measurements were compared by gender and used in a
multiple linear regression model to determine predictors of
FFI-R.<h4>Results</h4>Compared to men, women reported higher
FFI-R scores (p = 0.014), spent more time on their feet
(p = 0.019), and had higher BMIs (p = 0.0001). For their
weight, women had significantly smaller and narrower feet
than men. Bimalleolar breadth (p = 0.0005) and foot length
(p = 0.0223) standardized by height, time spent on feet
(p = 0.0102), ankle circumference standardized by weight
(p = 0.0316), and age (p = 0.0090) were significant
predictors of FFI-R score.<h4>Discussion</h4>Our findings
suggest that human variation in anatomical and behavioral
patterns serve as significant explanations for increased
foot and ankle pain in women in this non-Western rural
population. Foot and ankle pain were prevalent at similar
levels to those in industrialized populations, indicating
that research should continue to examine its effect on
similar barefoot/minimally shod communities.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.24392},
Key = {fds358683}
}
@article{fds354327,
Author = {Zeininger, A and Schmitt, D and Hughes-Oliver, C and Queen,
RM},
Title = {The effect of ankle osteoarthritis and total ankle
arthroplasty on center of pressure position.},
Journal = {Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of
the Orthopaedic Research Society},
Volume = {39},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1245-1252},
Year = {2021},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jor.24857},
Abstract = {Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is a common surgical approach
for patients with end-stage ankle osteoarthritis (OA).
However, very little is known about the path of the center
of pressure (COP) of the foot, and thus important aspects of
load transfer, muscle mechanical advantage, and balance, in
patients before or after surgery. The objective of this
study was to trace the pathway of the COP under the foot in
patients with symptomatic ankle OA, comparing asymmetry
between affected and unaffected limbs. From force plate
data, proximodistal and mediolateral positions of the COP
beneath the foot were calculated and compared for the
affected and unaffected foot in patients with unilateral
ankle OA (N = 93) before and after TAA. Gender and age
at surgery had little or no effect in this study. Patients
with ankle OA had minimal COP position asymmetry before
surgery, and this asymmetry was reduced following surgery.
Before surgery, patients had a slower walking speed and a
shorter path of the COP which began relatively distal to the
heel and ended relatively proximal to the hallux. TAA
increased the proximodistal distance the COP traveled under
both the unaffected and affected foot, a pattern that was
maintained for over 2-year postsurgery. TAA allows patients
with ankle OA to maintain a longer COP path than they had
before surgery on both sides that is closer to that reported
for unaffected individuals, extending effectively from the
heel to the hallux, potentially improving pedal
mechanics.},
Doi = {10.1002/jor.24857},
Key = {fds354327}
}
@article{fds350517,
Author = {Zeininger, A and Schmitt, D and Wunderlich, RE},
Title = {Mechanics of heel-strike plantigrady in African
apes.},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {145},
Pages = {102840},
Year = {2020},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102840},
Abstract = {The initiation of a walking step with a heel strike is a
defining characteristic of humans and great apes but is
rarely found in other mammals. Despite the considerable
importance of heel strike to an understanding of human
locomotor evolution, no one has explicitly tested the
fundamental mechanical question of why great apes use a heel
strike. In this report, we test two hypotheses (1) that heel
strike is a function of hip protraction and/or knee
extension and (2) that short-legged apes with a midfoot that
dorsiflexes at heel lift and long digits for whom
digitigrady is not an option use heel-strike plantigrady.
This strategy increases hip translation while potentially
moderating the cost of redirecting the center of mass
('collisional costs') during stance via rollover along the
full foot from the heel to toes. We quantified hind limb
kinematics and relative hip translation in ten species of
primates, including lemurs, terrestrial and arboreal
monkeys, chimpanzees, and gorillas. Chimpanzees and gorillas
walked with relatively extended knees but only with
moderately protracted hips or hind limbs, partially
rejecting the first hypothesis. Nonetheless, chimpanzees
attained relative hip translations comparable with those of
digitigrade primates. Heel-strike plantigrady may be a
natural result of a need for increased hip translations when
forelimbs are relatively long and digitigrady is
morphologically restricted. In addition, foot rollover from
the heel to toe in large, short-legged apes may reduce
energetic costs of redirecting the center of mass at the
step-to-step transition as it appears to do in humans. Heel
strike appears to have been an important mechanism for
increasing hip translation, and possibly reducing energetic
costs, in early hominins and was fundamental to the
evolution of the modern human foot and human
bipedalism.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102840},
Key = {fds350517}
}
@article{fds354328,
Author = {Johnson, LE and Zeininger, A and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Factors contributing to the equal forelimb and hindlimb
stride lengths during quadrupedal walking},
Journal = {Faseb Journal},
Volume = {34},
Number = {S1},
Pages = {1-1},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2020},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.07265},
Doi = {10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.07265},
Key = {fds354328}
}
@article{fds348975,
Author = {Zeininger, A and Yapuncich, GS and Schmitt, D and Wunderlich,
RE},
Title = {The role of the manual and pedal fat pads in moderating
ground reaction forces and pressure patterns in
knuckle-walking African apes.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {171},
Pages = {317-317},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2020},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds348975}
}
@article{fds348976,
Author = {Schmitt, D and Zeininger, A and Hanna, JB and Wunderlich,
RE},
Title = {Hand and foot postures and loading patterns in monkeys and
apes: implications for cheiridial design},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {171},
Pages = {253-253},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2020},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds348976}
}
@article{fds348973,
Author = {Yapuncich, GS and Schmitt, D and Wunderlich, RE and Zeininger,
A},
Title = {Using thin plate splines to statistically compare force
curves produced by western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla
gorilla)},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {171},
Pages = {313-313},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2020},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds348973}
}
@article{fds348974,
Author = {Kemp, AD and Yapuncich, GS and Zeininger, A},
Title = {Mechanics of leaping between vertical supports in a small
arboreal quadruped (Cheirogaleus medius)},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {171},
Pages = {140-140},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2020},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds348974}
}
@article{fds342260,
Author = {Schmitt, D and Wunderlich, RE and Zeininger, A},
Title = {Forelimb and hindlimb peak forces in Gorilla},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {168},
Pages = {219-219},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds342260}
}
@article{fds342261,
Author = {Zeininger, A and Schmitt, D and Wunderlich, RE},
Title = {Impact forces and hindlimb vertical impulses in
Gorilla},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {168},
Pages = {280-280},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds342261}
}
@article{fds342262,
Author = {Perchalski, BA and Zeininger, A},
Title = {Impact of gait selection on potential limb interference in
primates and cats},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {168},
Pages = {188-189},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds342262}
}
@article{fds342263,
Author = {Doyle, DJ and Holmes, M and Schmitt, D and Zeininger, A and Wall,
CE},
Title = {Gorilla hindlimb muscle fiber phenotypes},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {168},
Pages = {62-62},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds342263}
}
@article{fds342264,
Author = {Wunderlich, RE and Zeininger, A and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Plantar pressure distribution in Gorilla},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {168},
Pages = {275-275},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds342264}
}
@article{fds336367,
Author = {Zeininger, A and Schmitt, D and Rose, MD and Turnquist,
JE},
Title = {Center of mass movements and energy recovery during
arm-swinging in atelines},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {310-310},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds336367}
}
@article{fds336368,
Author = {Schmitt, D and Zeininger, A and Lemelin, P and Miller, CE and Granatosky, MC and Hanna, JB and Wunderlich, RE and Kivell, TL and Rose,
MD and Turnquist, JE},
Title = {Digit clearance patterns in primates vary by limb and
substrate reflecting different strategies between arboreal
and terrestrial locomotion},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {165},
Pages = {243-243},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds336368}
}
@article{fds336369,
Author = {Grider-Potter, N and Zeininger, A},
Title = {Head stability and neck function during locomotion in
Varecia variegata},
Journal = {Integrative and Comparative Biology},
Volume = {58},
Pages = {E82-E82},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2018},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds336369}
}
@article{fds331087,
Author = {Granatosky, MC and Fitzsimons, A and Zeininger, A and Schmitt,
D},
Title = {Mechanisms for the functional differentiation of the
propulsive and braking roles of the forelimbs and hindlimbs
during quadrupedal walking in primates and
felines.},
Journal = {The Journal of Experimental Biology},
Volume = {221},
Number = {Pt 2},
Pages = {jeb162917},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.162917},
Abstract = {During quadrupedal walking in most animals, the forelimbs
play a net braking role, whereas the hindlimbs are net
propulsive. However, the mechanism by which this
differentiation occurs remains unclear. Here, we test two
models to explain this pattern using primates and felines:
(1) the horizontal strut effect (in which limbs are modeled
as independent struts), and (2) the linked strut model (in
which limbs are modeled as linked struts with a center of
mass in between). Video recordings were used to determine
point of contact, timing of mid-stance, and limb
protraction/retraction duration. Single-limb forces were
used to calculate contact time, impulses and the proportion
of the stride at which the braking-to-propulsive transition
(BP) occurred for each limb. We found no association between
the occurrence of the BP and mid-stance, little influence of
protraction and retraction duration on the
braking-propulsive function of a limb, and a causative
relationship between vertical force distribution between
limbs and the patterns of horizontal forces. These findings
reject the horizontal strut effect, and provide some support
for the linked strut model, although predictions were not
perfectly matched. We suggest that the position of the
center of mass relative to limb contact points is a very
important, but not the only, factor driving functional
differentiation of the braking and propulsive roles of the
limbs in quadrupeds. It was also found that primates have
greater differences in horizontal impulse between their
limbs compared with felines, a pattern that may reflect a
fundamental arboreal adaptation in primates.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.162917},
Key = {fds331087}
}
@article{fds330153,
Author = {Zeininger, A and Schmitt, D and Jensen, JL and Shapiro,
LJ},
Title = {Ontogenetic changes in foot strike pattern and calcaneal
loading during walking in young children.},
Journal = {Gait & Posture},
Volume = {59},
Pages = {18-22},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.09.027},
Abstract = {The assumption that the morphology of the human calcaneus
reflects high and cyclical impact forces at heel strike
during adult human walking has never been experimentally
tested. Since a walking step with a heel strike is an
emergent behavior in children, an ontogenetic study provides
a natural experiment to begin testing the relationship
between the mechanics of heel strike and calcaneal anatomy.
This study examined the ground reaction forces (GRFs) of
stepping in children to determine the location of the center
of pressure (COP) relative to the calcaneus and the
orientation and magnitude of ground reaction forces during
foot contact. Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data
were analyzed for 18 children ranging in age from 11.5 to
43.1 months. Early steppers used a flat foot contact (FFC)
and experienced relatively high vertical and resultant GRFs
with COP often anterior to the calcaneus. More experienced
walkers used an initial heel contact (IHC) in which GRFs
were significantly lower but the center of pressure remained
under the heel a greater proportion of time. Thus, during
FFC the foot experienced higher loading, but the heel itself
was relatively wider and the load was distributed more
evenly. In IHC walkers load was concentrated on the anterior
calcaneus and a narrower heel, suggesting a need for
increased calcaneal robusticity during development to
mitigate injury. These results provide new insight into foot
loading outside of typical mature contact patterns, inform
structure-function relationships during development, and
illuminate potential causes of heel injury in young
walkers.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.09.027},
Key = {fds330153}
}
@article{fds323574,
Author = {Chirchir, H and Zeininger, A and Nakatsukasa, M and Ketcham, RA and Richmond, BG},
Title = {Does trabecular bone structure within the metacarpal heads
of primates vary with hand posture?},
Journal = {Comptes Rendus Palevol},
Volume = {16},
Number = {5-6},
Pages = {533-544},
Year = {2017},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2016.10.002},
Abstract = {Reconstructing function from hominin fossils is complicated
by disagreements over how to interpret primitively
inherited, ape-like morphology. This has led to considerable
research on aspects of skeletal morphology that may be
sensitive to activity levels during life. We quantify
trabecular bone morphology in three volumes of interest
(dorsal, central, and palmar) in the third metacarpal heads
of extant primates that differ in hand function: Pan
troglodytes, Pongo pygmaeus, Papio anubis, and Homo sapiens.
Results show that bone volume within third metacarpal heads
generally matches expectations based on differences in
function, providing quantitative support to previous
studies. Pongo shows significantly low bone volume in the
dorsal region of the metacarpal head. Humans show a similar
pattern, as manipulative tasks mostly involve flexed and
neutral metacarpo-phalangeal joint postures. In contrast,
Pan and Papio have relatively high bone volume in dorsal and
palmar regions, which are loaded during knuckle-walking/digitigrady
and climbing, respectively. Regional variation in degree of
anisotropy did not match predictions. Although trabecular
morphology may improve behavioral inferences from fossils,
more sophisticated quantitative strategies are needed to
explore trabecular spatial distributions and their
relationships to hand function.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.crpv.2016.10.002},
Key = {fds323574}
}
@article{fds336370,
Author = {Zeininger, A and Granatosky, MC and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Highly Protracted Hindlimbs and a Forward Foot Placement
Increase Stability when Walking on Arboreal
Substrates},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {162},
Pages = {420-421},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds336370}
}
@article{fds336371,
Author = {Fitzsimons, AZ and Granatosky, MC and Queen, RM and Lemelin, P and Zeininger, A and Chapman, H and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Gait Asymmetry in Humans and Other Animals: How much is
Normal and Why Does it Exist?},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {162},
Pages = {181-181},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds336371}
}
@article{fds336372,
Author = {Grider-Potter, N and Zeininger, A},
Title = {Locomotor mode and kinematics of the head, neck, and trunk
in Varecia variegata},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {162},
Pages = {202-202},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds336372}
}
@article{fds325461,
Author = {Zeininger, A and Shapiro, L and Raichlen, D},
Title = {Ontogenetic changes in limb postures and their impact on
effective limb length in baboons (Papio cynocephalus)},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {163},
Number = {2},
Pages = {11 pages},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23201},
Abstract = {Digitigrade hand and foot postures and extended elbows and
knees are considered adaptations to running in cursorial
mammals because they increase effective limb lengths (ELLs).
However, the relationship between digitigrady and ELL in
primates is not well understood. We documented the ontogeny
of limb postures in baboons to better understand the
function of digitigrady during walking. We hypothesized that
the hand and foot would become more elevated and the elbow
and knee more extended, leading to increased relative ELLs
throughout ontogeny.Longitudinal kinematic data were
collected on four infant yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus)
as they aged from two to nine months, and again at two to
three years. Hand/foot postures, elbow/knee angles, relative
fore/hind limb ELLs, and dimensionless velocity were
measured for 404 symmetrical walking strides.Digitigrade
hand and foot postures were preferred at all ages. The elbow
extended slightly and the knee flexed slightly with age.
Elevated proximal hands, extended elbows, and extended knees
were associated with long relative ELLs. For a given age,
relative hind limb ELL was longer than relative forelimb
ELL.In the forelimb, digitigrade hand postures and extended
elbows function to increase relative ELL at slow walking
velocity. Increased forelimb ELL may be an attempt to
equalize forelimb and hind limb ELLs in baboons with an
absolutely longer hind limb. Pedal digitigrady is not a main
contributing factor to hind limb ELL. Results suggest that
manual and pedal digitigrady in terrestrial cercopithecoids
does not function to increase velocity.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23201},
Key = {fds325461}
}
@article{fds323575,
Author = {Burgess, ML and Schmitt, D and Zeininger, A and McFarlin, SC and Zihlman, AL and Polk, JD and Ruff, CB},
Title = {Ontogenetic scaling of fore limb and hind limb joint posture
and limb bone cross-sectional geometry in vervets and
baboons.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {161},
Number = {1},
Pages = {72-83},
Year = {2016},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23009},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Previous studies suggest that the
postures habitually adopted by an animal influence the
mechanical loading of its long bones. Relatively extended
limb postures in larger animals should preferentially reduce
anteroposterior (A-P) relative to mediolateral (M-L) bending
of the limb bones and therefore decrease A-P/M-L rigidity.
We test this hypothesis by examining growth-related changes
in limb bone structure in two primate taxa that differ in
ontogenetic patterns of joint posture.<h4>Materials and
methods</h4>Knee and elbow angles of adult and immature
vervets (Chlorocebus aethiops, n = 16) were compared to
published data for baboons (Papio hamadryas ursinus,
n = 33, Patel et al., ). Ontogenetic changes in ratios
of A-P/M-L bending rigidity in the femur and humerus were
compared in skeletal samples (C. aethiops, n = 28; P.
cynocephalus, n = 39). Size changes were assessed with
linear regression, and age group differences tested with
ANOVA.<h4>Results</h4>Only the knee of baboons shows
significant postural change, becoming more extended with age
and mass. A-P/M-L bending rigidity of the femur decreases
during ontogeny in immature and adult female baboons only.
Trends in the humerus are less marked. Adult male baboons
have higher A-P/M-L bending rigidity of the femur than
females.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The hypothesized relationship
between more extended joints and reduced A-P/M-L bending
rigidity is supported by our results for immature and adult
female baboon hind limbs, and the lack of significant age
changes in either parameter in forelimbs and vervets. Adult
males of both species depart from general ontogenetic
trends, possibly due to socially mediated behavioral
differences between sexes. Am J Phys Anthropol 161:72-83,
2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23009},
Key = {fds323575}
}
@misc{fds324997,
Author = {Schmitt, D and Zeininger, A and Granatosky, M},
Title = {Patterns, variability, and flexibility of hand posture
during locomotion in primates.},
Pages = {345-369},
Booktitle = {The Evolution of the Primate Hand Anatomical, Developmental,
Functional, and Paleontological Evidence},
Publisher = {SPRINGER},
Editor = {Kivell, T and Lemelin, P and Richmond, B and Schmitt,
D},
Year = {2016},
Month = {August},
ISBN = {1493936468},
Abstract = {Labeling the primate hand as “primitive” can seem
counterintuitive given the remarkable dexterity typical of
primates and especially humans. In addition, there is
considerable diversity in primate hand form and use that
allows the exploitation of ...},
Key = {fds324997}
}
@article{fds323576,
Author = {Zeininger, A and Patel, BA and Zipfel, B and Carlson,
KJ},
Title = {Trabecular architecture in the StW 352 fossil hominin
calcaneus.},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {97},
Pages = {145-158},
Year = {2016},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.05.009},
Abstract = {Australopithecus africanus has been interpreted as having a
rigid lateral foot. One mechanism contributing to a rigid
foot during push-off in humans is a calcaneocuboid joint
(CCJ) with limited dorsiflexion and a "close-packed"
talocalcaneal joint (TCJ). In contrast, apes likely have a
greater CCJ range of motion and lack a close-packed TCJ.
Differences in tarsal arthrokinematics may result in
different joint loading environments. In Homo sapiens, we
tested the hypothesis that dorsal and plantar CCJ and the
TCJ show evidence of predictable habitual loading. In Pan
troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla, Gorilla beringei, and Papio
ursinus, we tested the hypothesis that only the dorsal CCJ
shows evidence of predictable loading. Specifically, we
predicted similarity in trabecular properties across the
dorsal and plantar CCJ in H. sapiens, but dissimilarity in
non-humans. Additionally, we investigated trabecular
properties of an A. africanus calcaneus (StW 352) to
evaluate joint loading patterns in this hominin and
ultimately address the evolution of these properties in
H. sapiens. Contrary to predictions, the H. sapiens dorsal
CCJ has a significantly higher elongation index, bone volume
fraction, trabecular thickness, and trabecular number than
the plantar CCJ, while trabecular properties in non-humans
do not always differ as predicted between regions.
H. sapiens exhibits trabecular morphology indicative of
less variable TCJ loading than other groups, having the most
anisotropic and rod-like struts oriented in line with
predicted principal loads. Multivariate analysis shows that
the StW 352 dorsal CCJ matches P. ursinus best, while the
plantar CCJ matches G. beringei best and the TCJ matches
that of G. gorilla best. Overall patterns suggest that the
StW 352 calcaneus experienced more variable loading than
H. sapiens, but less variable loading than P. troglodytes,
G. gorilla, G. beringei, and P. ursinus, consistent with
a large range of foot movements, probably reflecting
locomotor kinematics that are unlike those of living humans
or apes.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.05.009},
Key = {fds323576}
}
@article{fds324998,
Author = {Schmitt, D and Zeininger, A and Hamrick, E and Snyder, ML and Kivell,
TL and Wunderlich, RE},
Title = {Gorilla limb kinematics and hominoid locomotor diversity:
Implications for hominin locomotor evolution},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {282-282},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds324998}
}
@article{fds324999,
Author = {Granatosky, MC and Zeininger, A and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Functional differentiation of the propulsive and braking
roles of the forelimbs and hindlimbs during quadrupedal
locomotion},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {159-160},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds324999}
}
@article{fds325000,
Author = {Zeininger, A},
Title = {A comparative, ontogenetic approach to trabecular
architecture with implications for inferring foot function
in fossil hominins},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {159},
Pages = {344-344},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds325000}
}
@article{fds325001,
Author = {Zeininger, A and Carlson, KJ},
Title = {Trabecular morphology at the talocalcaneal and
calcaneocuboid joints in StW 352 (Australopithecus
africanus)},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {156},
Pages = {332-332},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds325001}
}
@article{fds325002,
Author = {Zeininger, A and Schmitt, D and Wunderlich, R},
Title = {Developmental timing of heel-strike plantigrady in
chimpanzees and gorillas},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {153},
Pages = {281-282},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds325002}
}
@article{fds325003,
Author = {Zeininger, A},
Title = {Ontogeny of bipedalism: Changes in the location and
direction of the ground reaction force in
toddlers.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {150},
Pages = {298-298},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds325003}
}
@article{fds325004,
Author = {Zeininger, A},
Title = {Comparative first metatarsal head trabecular bone ontogeny
in African apes and humans},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {147},
Pages = {310-310},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds325004}
}
@article{fds323577,
Author = {Zeininger, A and Richmond, BG and Hartman, G},
Title = {Metacarpal head biomechanics: a comparative backscattered
electron image analysis of trabecular bone mineral density
in Pan troglodytes, Pongo pygmaeus, and Homo
sapiens.},
Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
Volume = {60},
Number = {6},
Pages = {703-710},
Year = {2011},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.01.002},
Abstract = {Great apes and humans use their hands in fundamentally
different ways, but little is known about joint biomechanics
and internal bone variation. This study examines the
distribution of mineral density in the third metacarpal
heads in three hominoid species that differ in their
habitual joint postures and loading histories. We test the
hypothesis that micro-architectural properties relating to
bone mineral density reflect habitual joint use. The third
metacarpal heads of Pan troglodytes, Pongo pygmaeus, and
Homo sapiens were sectioned in a sagittal plane and imaged
using backscattered electron microscopy (BSE-SEM). For each
individual, 72 areas of subarticular cortical (subchondral)
and trabecular bone were sampled from within 12 consecutive
regions of the BSE-SEM images. In each area, gray levels
(representing relative mineralization density) were
quantified. Results show that chimpanzee, orangutan, and
human metacarpal III heads have different gray level
distributions. Weighted mean gray levels (WMGLs) in the
chimpanzee showed a distinct pattern in which the
'knuckle-walking' regions (dorsal) and 'climbing' regions
(palmar) are less mineralized, interpreted to reflect
elevated remodeling rates, than the distal regions. Pongo
pygmaeus exhibited the lowest WMGLs in the distal region,
suggesting elevated remodeling rates in this region, which
is loaded during hook grip hand postures associated with
suspension and climbing. Differences among regions within
metacarpal heads of the chimpanzee and orangutan specimens
are significant (Kruskal-Wallis, p < 0.001). In humans,
whose hands are used for manipulation as opposed to
locomotion, mineralization density is much more uniform
throughout the metacarpal head. WMGLs were significantly
(p < 0.05) lower in subchondral compared to trabecular
regions in all samples except humans. This
micro-architectural approach offers a means of investigating
joint loading patterns in primates and shows significant
differences in metacarpal joint biomechanics among great
apes and humans.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.01.002},
Key = {fds323577}
}
@article{fds325005,
Author = {Zeininger, A},
Title = {An ontogenetic assessment of trabecular architecture at the
human talocalcaneal joint},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Volume = {144},
Pages = {317-317},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds325005}
}
@article{fds325006,
Author = {Chirchir, H and Richmond, BG and Griffin, NL and Nakatsukasa, M and Zeininger, A and Ketcham, RA},
Title = {Hand biomechanics and trabecular architecture in hominoid
metacarpals.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Pages = {81-81},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds325006}
}
@article{fds325007,
Author = {Zeininger, A and Ryan, TM},
Title = {First steps: Trabecular morphology of the juvenile
calcaneus.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Pages = {250-250},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds325007}
}
@article{fds325008,
Author = {Zeininger, A and Shapiro, LJ and Raichlen, DA},
Title = {The effects of digitigrade cheiridial postures on speed and
gait in infant baboons},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Pages = {279-279},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds325008}
}
@article{fds325009,
Author = {Shapiro, LJ and Zeininger, A and VandeBerg, JL},
Title = {The influence of body size and substrate size on
quadrupedalism in Monodelphis domestica.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Pages = {191-191},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds325009}
}
@article{fds325010,
Author = {Zeininger, A},
Title = {The influence of foot posture on effective mechanical
advantage at the knee and ankle during human
bipedalism.},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Pages = {228-228},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds325010}
}
@article{fds325011,
Author = {Zeininger, A and Shapiro, LJ and Raichlen, DA},
Title = {Ontogeny of digitigrade hand and foot postures in infant
baboons (Papio cynocephalus).},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Pages = {255-255},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2007},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds325011}
}
@article{fds325012,
Author = {Zeininger, A and Hartman, G and Richmond, BG},
Title = {Metacarpal head biomechanics: a comparative backscattered
electron image analysis of trabecular bone mineral density
in Pan troglodytes and Homo sapiens},
Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
Pages = {229-229},
Publisher = {WILEY-LISS},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds325012}
}
%% Zhou, Wen
@article{fds371382,
Author = {Zhou, W and Hare, B},
Title = {The Early Expression of Blatant Dehumanization in Children
and Its Association with Outgroup Negativity.},
Journal = {Human nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.)},
Volume = {33},
Number = {2},
Pages = {196-214},
Year = {2022},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12110-022-09427-x},
Abstract = {Dehumanization is observed in adults across cultures and is
thought to motivate human violence. The age of its first
expression remains largely untested. This research
demonstrates that diverse representations of humanness,
including a novel one, readily elicit blatant dehumanization
in adults (N = 482) and children (aged 5-12;
N = 150). Dehumanizing responses in both age groups are
associated with support for outgroup inferiority. Similar to
the link previously observed in adults, dehumanization by
children is associated with a willingness to punish outgroup
transgressors. These findings suggest that exposure to
cultural norms throughout adolescence and adulthood are not
required for the development of outgroup
dehumanization.},
Doi = {10.1007/s12110-022-09427-x},
Key = {fds371382}
}
@article{fds371383,
Author = {Bowie, A and Zhou, W and Tan, J and White, P and Stoinski, T and Su, Y and Hare, B},
Title = {Motivating children's cooperation to conserve
forests.},
Journal = {Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for
Conservation Biology},
Year = {2022},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13922},
Abstract = {Forests are essential common-pool resources. Understanding
children's and adolescents' motivations for conservation is
critical to improving conservation education. In 2
experiments, we investigated 1086 school-aged children and
adolescents (6-16 years old) from China, the Democratic
Republic of Congo, and the United States. testING
participants in groups, we assessed their motivation for
conservation based on collective-risk common-pool goods
games in which they are threatened with losing their
endowment unless the group donation exceeds a threshold
needed to maintain the forest.eExtrinsic motivations, rather
than intrinsic , tended to lead to successful cooperation to
maintain a forest. Certainty of losing individual payoffs
significantly boosted successful cooperative conservation
efforts across cultures (success rates were 90.63 % and
74.19% in the 2 risk-extrinsic conditions and 43.75% in the
control condition). In U.S. participants, 2 extrinsic
incentives, priming discussions of the value of forests and
delay of payoffs as punishment , also increased success of
cooperative conservation (success rates were 97.22% and
76.92% in the 2 extrinsic-incentive conditions and 29.19%
and 30.77% in the 2 control conditions). Conservation
simulations, like those we used, may allow educators to
encourage forest protection by leading groups to experience
successful cooperation and the extrinsic incentives needed
to motivate forest conservation. This article is protected
by copyright. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1111/cobi.13922},
Key = {fds371383}
}
@article{fds348650,
Author = {Han, ZR and Gao, MM and Yan, J and Hu, X and Zhou, W and Li,
X},
Title = {Correlates of Parent-Child Physiological Synchrony and
Emotional Parenting: Differential Associations in Varying
Interactive Contexts},
Journal = {Journal of Child and Family Studies},
Volume = {28},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1116-1123},
Year = {2019},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01337-4},
Abstract = {Objectives: Parent-child synchrony during interaction might
possess important features that underlie parenting processes
throughout development. However, little is known regarding
the association between parent-child physiological synchrony
and emotional parenting behaviors during middle childhood.
The main goal of the study was to examine whether emotional
parenting was positively or negatively associated with
parent-child physiological synchrony for school-age
children. Methods: Adopting a biopsychosocial perspective,
we incorporated the interbeat interval (IBI) and behavioral
observation data of 150 parent-child dyads (child M age =
8.77, SD= 1.80) to explore the patterns of moment-to-moment
dyadic physiological synchrony and to investigate whether
these patterns were associated with two emotional parenting
behaviors (psychological control and psychological
unavailability). Results: Our findings provided some initial
evidence that in low to moderately stressful situations that
mimic daily parent-child interaction, parent-child
physiological synchrony was indicative of different
emotional parenting behaviors in various parent-child
interactive situations. Specifically, in the collaborative
context (parent-child working together to complete a task),
parent-child physiological synchrony was indicative of less
psychological unavailability, whereas in the competitive
context (parent-child resolving disagreement with each
other), parent-child physiological synchrony was indicative
of less psychological control. The study implications and
future research directions are discussed. Conclusions:
Overall, our findings suggested that dyadic physiological
synchrony, indexed by parent-child moment-to-moment matching
of IBI, was associated with fewer negative emotional
parenting behaviors.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10826-019-01337-4},
Key = {fds348650}
}
%% Zumwalt, Ann C.
@article{fds49859,
Author = {A.C. Zumwalt},
Title = {Beyond the first year: Focused anatomy instruction during
the clinical years of medical school},
Year = {2006},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds49859}
}
@article{fds49860,
Author = {A.C. Zumwalt},
Title = {Three specialized anatomy courses for advanced medical
students: the impact of focused anatomy instruction},
Year = {2006},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds49860}
}
@article{fds44402,
Author = {Zumwalt, AC},
Title = {The effect of endurance exercise on the morphology of muscle
attachment sites},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology},
Volume = {209},
Pages = {444-454},
Year = {2006},
Month = {February},
Keywords = {muscle attachment sites entheses exercise effects
morphology},
Abstract = {The morphology of muscle attachment sites, or entheses, has
long been assumed to directly reflect in vivo muscle
activity. The purpose of this study is to examine whether
variations in muscle activity that are within normal
physiological limits are reflected in variations in external
attachment site morphology. This study tests the hypothesis
that increased muscle activity (magnitude, number and
frequency of loading cycles) results in the hypertrophy of
muscle attachment sites. The attachment sites of six limb
muscles and one muscle of mastication (control) in mature
female sheep were measured and compared in exercised
(weighted treadmill running for one hour/day for 90 days)
and sedentary control animals. Attachment site surface
morphology was assessed by quantifying the size (3D surface
area) and complexity (fractal dimension parallel and
perpendicular to soft tissue attachment) of the surfaces.
Results of this study demonstrate no effect of the exercise
treatment used in this experiment on any measure of enthesis
morphology. Potential explanations for the lack of exercise
response include the mature age of the animals,
inappropriate stimulus type for inducing morphological
change, or failure to surpass a hypothetical threshold of
load for inducing morphological change. However, further
tests demonstrate no relationship between muscle size and
either attachment site size or complexity in sedentary
control animals as well. The results of this study indicate
that the attachment site morphological parameters measured
in this study do not reflect muscle size or activity. In
spite of decades of assumption otherwise, there appears to
be no direct causal relationship between muscle size or
activity and attachment site morphology, and reconstructions
of behavior based on these features should be viewed with
caution.},
Key = {fds44402}
}
@article{fds49858,
Author = {A.C. Zumwalt and Marks, L.M. and Halperin, E.C.},
Title = {Integration of Gross Anatomy into a Clinical Oncology
Curriculum},
Journal = {Academic Medicine},
Year = {2006},
Abstract = {The amount of time devoted to teaching gross anatomy to
medical students is declining. This topic remains critically
important for some medical students, especially those
seeking training in anatomy-laden specialties. We describe
here a course currently being offered in the Department of
Radiation Oncology in the Duke University School of Medicine
which expands anatomy education into the medical school
clinical years. The audience for this course consists of
medical students rotating in Radiation Oncology (n=2-4 per
month) and the residents (n=9) and clinical faculty (n=17)
in the Department of Radiation Oncology. Anatomists and
Radiation Oncology residents together present monthly case
conferences and cadaver-based demonstrations about the
relationships between a tumor’s anatomical location and
its symptoms, patterns of spread and treatment
considerations. Anonymous surveys were distributed to course
participants to assess the success of the course. Survey
results indicate that the participants find the course to be
interesting, relevant and of high quality. This course is
therefore favored by students, residents and faculty as a
way to supplement gross anatomy education during training
for a specialty in which anatomy knowledge is
essential.},
Key = {fds49858}
}
@article{fds44401,
Author = {Zumwalt AC and Hamrick MW and Schmitt D},
Title = {A force platform for measuring the ground reaction forces in
small animal locomotion},
Journal = {Journal of Biomechanics},
Year = {2005},
Month = {Winter},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T82-4HSY52C-1&_coverDate=12%2F13%2F2005&_alid=350241024&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_qd=1&_cdi=5074&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000004358&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=38557&md5=2f99d24ed489029959a8351afbaf42e2},
Keywords = {force plate mouse rodent kinetic analyses},
Abstract = {The importance of kinetic force plate studies of locomotion
in small animals has grown recently with the increasing use
of rodent models for studies of musculoskeletal diseases.
However, the force plates for use with animals much smaller
than a cat are difficult to design and use. Here we present
data on a commercially available small force plate that
accurately collects whole-body and, in a modified form,
single-limb ground reaction forces in mice. The method used
here is convenient, inexpensive, and readily adaptable for
use with a variety of small species.},
Key = {fds44401}
}
@article{fds44400,
Author = {Zumwalt, AC},
Title = {A new method for quantifying the complexity of muscle
attachment sites},
Journal = {The Anatomical Record, Part B: The New Anatomist},
Volume = {286B},
Pages = {21-28},
Year = {2005},
Month = {September},
url = {http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/112093655/ABSTRACT?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0},
Keywords = {muscle attachment sites entheses fractal analysis
morphological complexity},
Abstract = {Muscle attachment site morphology may have valuable use for
reconstructing activity patterns in individuals from
historic populations or extinct species. The skeletal
locations where muscles and tendons attach are
morphologically very complex, and variations in this
morphology may reflect stresses experienced by these
attachment sites as a result of muscular contractions.
However, existing methods for assessing attachment site
complexity are qualitative and subjective. This paper
describes a new method for quantifying attachment site
complexity in which attachment sites are scanned with a 3D
laser scanner and the morphological complexities of their
surfaces are quantified using fractal analysis. The method
described here documents the complexity at specific
transects along six limb attachment sites in adult female
sheep (Ovis aries), and variations in complexity within
attachment sites are explored. Overall trends indicate that
most of the attachment sites examined here are more complex
at their peripheries than at their centers, indicating that
these sites experience more varied loads at the peripheries
of the tendon attachments. Exceptions to this trend are
noted and all functional implications are discussed. This
method provides the first opportunity to explore variations
in morphological complexity within attachment sites.
Assuming a relationship between tensile strains and bony
morphology exists, this method provides a new tool to
explore the strain environments of muscle attachment
sites.},
Key = {fds44400}
}
@article{fds44488,
Author = {A.C. Zumwalt},
Title = {Development of a New Clinical Anatomy Course: Issues,
Inspirations and Ideas},
Series = {American Association of Clinical Anatomists
meeting},
Year = {2005},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds44488}
}
@article{fds44403,
Author = {Zumwalt, AC},
Title = {Endurance exercise does not affect the morphology of muscle
attachment sites in adult female sheep (Ovis
aries)},
Series = {Experimental Biology Annual Meeting Supplement},
Year = {2005},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds44403}
}
@article{fds29670,
Author = {Zumwalt AC and Schmitt D and McCormick J and Hamrick
M},
Title = {Locomotor biomechanics and muscle-bone interactions in
myostatin-deficient mice},
Series = {Experimental Biology Annual Meeting Supplement},
Year = {2005},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds29670}
}
@article{fds29671,
Author = {Zumwalt AC},
Title = {A new method to quantify the 3D morphology of bone surfaces,
with application to muscle enthesis rugosity},
Series = {Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology Annual
Meeting Supplement},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds29671}
}
@article{fds29672,
Author = {Zumwalt AC and Lieberman DE and Ruff CB},
Title = {Too good to be true? Testing the relationship between muscle
function and attachment site morphology},
Series = {Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology Annual
Meeting Supplement},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds29672}
}
@article{fds29673,
Author = {Richstmeier JT and Zumwalt AC and Carlson, EJ Epstein CJ and Reeves, RH},
Title = {Craniofacial phenotypes in segmentally trisomic mouse models
for Down syndrome},
Journal = {American Journal of Medical Genetics},
Volume = {107},
Number = {4},
Pages = {317-324},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds29673}
}
@article{fds29674,
Author = {Zumwalt, AC and Ruff, CB and Lieberman, DE},
Title = {The influence of exercise on muscle insertion scars in
sheep},
Series = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology Supplement
32},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds29674}
}
@article{fds29675,
Author = {Zumwalt, AC and Ruff, CB and Wilczak, CA},
Title = {Primate muscle insertions: What does size tell
you?},
Series = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology Supplement
30},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds29675}
}
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