Publications of Paul Morse    :chronological  alphabetical  combined listing:

%% Refereed Publications   
@misc{fds362085,
   Author = {Stock, SR and Morse, PE and Stock, MK and James, KC and Natanson, LJ and Chen, H and Shevchenko, PD and Maxey, ER and Antipova, OA and Park,
             J-S},
   Title = {Microstructure and energy dispersive diffraction
             reconstruction of 3D patterns of crystallographic texture in
             a shark centrum.},
   Journal = {Journal of Medical Imaging (Bellingham, Wash.)},
   Volume = {9},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {031504},
   Year = {2022},
   Month = {May},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jmi.9.3.031504},
   Abstract = {<b>Purpose:</b> Tomography using diffracted x-rays produces
             reconstructions mapping quantities such as crystal lattice
             parameter(s), crystallite size, and crystallographic
             texture, information quite different from that obtained with
             absorption or phase contrast. Diffraction tomography is used
             to map an entire blue shark centrum with its double cone
             structure (corpora calcerea) and intermedialia (four
             wedges). <b>Approach:</b> Energy dispersive diffraction
             (EDD) and polychromatic synchrotron x-radiation at 6-BM-B,
             the Advanced Photon Source, were used. Different, properly
             oriented Bragg planes diffract different x-ray energies;
             these intensities are measured by one of ten
             energy-sensitive detectors. A pencil beam defines the
             irradiated volume, and a collimator before each
             energy-sensitive detector selects which portion of the
             irradiated column is sampled at any one time. Translating
             the specimen along X,Y , and Z axes produces a 3D map.
             <b>Results:</b> We report 3D maps of the integrated
             intensity of several bioapatite reflections from the
             mineralized cartilage centrum of a blue shark. The c axis
             reflection's integrated intensities and those of a
             reflection with no c axis component reveal that the cone
             wall's bioapatite is oriented with its c axes lateral, i.e.,
             perpendicular to the backbone's axis, and that the wedges'
             bioapatite is oriented with its c axes axial. Absorption
             microcomputed tomography (laboratory and synchrotron) and
             x-ray excited x-ray fluorescence maps provide higher
             resolution views. <b>Conclusion:</b> The bioapatite in the
             cone walls and wedges is oriented to resist lateral and
             axial deflections, respectively. Mineralized tissue samples
             can be mapped in 3D with EDD tomography and subsequently
             studied by destructive methods.},
   Doi = {10.1117/1.jmi.9.3.031504},
   Key = {fds362085}
}

@misc{fds361301,
   Author = {Morse, PE and Stock, MK and James, KC and Natanson, LJ and Stock,
             SR},
   Title = {Shark centra microanatomy and mineral density variation
             studied with laboratory microComputed Tomography.},
   Journal = {Journal of Structural Biology},
   Volume = {214},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {107831},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2022},
   Month = {March},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2022.107831},
   Abstract = {Centra of shark vertebrae from three species of Lamniformes
             (Alopias vulpinus, Carcharodon carcharias and Isurus
             oxyrinchus) and three species of Carcharhiniformes
             (Carcharhinus plumbeus, Carcharhinus obscurus and Prionace
             glauca) were imaged with laboratory microcomputed Tomography
             (microCT) using volume element (voxel) sizes between 16 and
             24 µm. Linear attenuation coefficients were the same in
             the corpus calcarea (hour-glass-shaped cone) and
             intermedialia of the lamniforms but were smaller in the
             intermedialia than in the corpus calcarea of the
             carcharhiniforms. All centra contained growth bands which
             were visible as small changes in linear attenuation
             coefficient. In all six cases, the cross-sections of the
             cones were close to circular, and the cone angles matched
             those reported in the literature. Cartilage canals were a
             prominent structure in the intermedialia of all species, 3D
             renderings of centra of C. obscurus and I. oxyrinchus
             diameters showed these canals ran radially outward from the
             cone walls, and canal diameters were consistent with the
             limited numerical values in the literature. Somewhat higher
             calcification levels around the periphery of cartilage
             canals and of outer surfaces of the intermedialia and corpus
             calcerea suggest microstructural variation exists at scale
             below that which can be resolved in the present data
             sets.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.jsb.2022.107831},
   Key = {fds361301}
}

@misc{fds361338,
   Author = {Morse, PE},
   Title = {Fossil primate research at the 81st Annual Meeting of the
             Society of Vertebrate Paleontology.},
   Journal = {Evolutionary Anthropology},
   Volume = {31},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {9-11},
   Year = {2022},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.21934},
   Doi = {10.1002/evan.21934},
   Key = {fds361338}
}

@misc{fds363835,
   Author = {Pampush, JD and Morse, PE and Fuselier, EJ and Skinner, MM and Kay,
             RF},
   Title = {Sign-oriented Dirichlet Normal Energy: Aligning Dental
             Topography and Dental Function in the R-package
             molaR},
   Journal = {Journal of Mammalian Evolution},
   Year = {2022},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10914-022-09616-6},
   Abstract = {Dirichlet normal energy (DNE) is a dental topography
             measurement aimed at capturing occlusal sharpness and has
             shown promise for its ability to sort primate molars
             according to perceived shearing ability. As initially
             implemented, this measurement does not differentiate concave
             versus convex contributions to surface sharpness. This is
             problematic because the DNE-signal derived from concave
             aspects of an occlusal surface measures a sharp ‘edge’
             oriented inward towards the enamel dentine junction rather
             than outward towards food contact. The inclusion of concave
             DNE in dietary analyses of molars possessing deep occlusal
             sulci–such as those found among hominoids–inflates the
             perceived functional sharpness of these teeth.
             Concave-inflated DNE values can be misleading, being
             interpreted as indicating that a particular taxon is more
             adapted for processing fibrous food than is warranted. The
             modification of the DNE measurement introduced here
             ‘Sign-oriented DNE’ alleviates this problem by
             elimination of concave sharpness from analyses, allowing
             investigations to focus on features of occlusal surfaces
             plausibly linked to shearing, cutting, or shredding of food
             materials during Phases I and II of the masticatory power
             stroke. Convex DNE is just as effective at sorting
             non-hominoid primate molars into traditional dietary
             categories as the initial applications of the
             orientation-blind version of the measurement, and produces
             more theoretically coherent results from hominoid molars.
             Focusing on- and improving the connection between
             measurement and occlusal function will enhance the ability
             of dental topography to make meaningful contributions to our
             collective understanding of species’ dietary
             ecologies.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10914-022-09616-6},
   Key = {fds363835}
}

@misc{fds357315,
   Author = {Vitek, NS and Morse, PE and Boyer, DM and Strait, SG and Bloch,
             JI},
   Title = {Evaluating the responses of three closely related small
             mammal lineages to climate change across the
             Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum},
   Journal = {Paleobiology},
   Volume = {47},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {464-486},
   Year = {2021},
   Month = {August},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2021.12},
   Abstract = {Interpreting the impact of climate change on vertebrates in
             the fossil record can be complicated by the effects of
             potential biotic drivers on morphological patterns observed
             in taxa. One promising area where this impact can be
             assessed is a high-resolution terrestrial record from the
             Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, that corresponds to the
             Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM), a geologically
             rapid (~170 kyr) interval of sustained temperature and
             aridity shifts about 56 Ma. The PETM has been extensively
             studied, but different lines of research have not yet been
             brought together to compare the timing of shifts in abiotic
             drivers that include temperature and aridity proxies and
             those of biotic drivers, measured through changes in floral
             and faunal assemblages, to the timing of morphological
             change within mammalian species lineages. We used a suite of
             morphometric tools to document morphological changes in
             molar crown morphology of three lineages of stem erinaceid
             eulipotyphlans. We then compared the timing of morphological
             change to that of both abiotic and other biotic records
             through the PETM. In all three species lineages, we failed
             to recover any significant changes in tooth crown shape or
             size within the PETM. These results contrast with those
             documented previously for lineages of medium-sized mammals,
             which show significant dwarfing within the PETM. Our results
             suggest that biotic drivers such as shifts in community
             composition may have also played an important role in
             shaping species-level patterns during this dynamic interval
             in Earth history.},
   Doi = {10.1017/pab.2021.12},
   Key = {fds357315}
}

@misc{fds355946,
   Author = {Solé, F and Morse, PE and Bloch, JI and Gingerich, PD and Smith,
             T},
   Title = {New specimens of the mesonychid Dissacus praenuntius from
             the early Eocene of Wyoming and evaluation of body size
             through the PETM in North America},
   Journal = {Geobios},
   Volume = {66-67},
   Pages = {103-118},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2021},
   Month = {July},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.005},
   Abstract = {The Mesonychia is a group of archaic carnivorous mammals of
             uncertain phylogenetic affinities with a Holarctic
             distribution during the Paleogene. Intensive fossil
             collecting efforts in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, have
             resulted in recovery of the largest sample and most complete
             specimens yet known of the mesonychid Dissacus praenuntius
             from the second biozone of the Wasatchian North American
             Land Mammal Age (Wa-0). The Wa-0 biozone corresponds to the
             body of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), a brief
             but intense global warming event that occurred ~56 myr ago
             that significantly impacted terrestrial mammal faunas,
             including dwarfing in many mammal lineages. To evaluate the
             potential response of this lineage to climate change, we
             compared the PETM sample of D. praenuntius with those
             recovered from just before the PETM in the last biozone of
             the Clarkforkian North American Land Mammal Age (Cf-3) and
             just after the PETM in the Wa-1 biozone. While the sample
             size is still too small to say with certainty, tooth size
             (as a proxy for body weight) of D. praenuntius appears to be
             smaller during the late PETM than during either the pre-PETM
             Cf-3, or post-PETM Wa-1 biozones, suggesting the possibility
             of a muted dwarfing response to the PETM. However, the
             pattern observed for D. praenuntius differs from that of
             many other PETM mammals, as the shift to smaller body size
             is less pronounced and may have only occurred in late
             Wa-0.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.005},
   Key = {fds355946}
}

@misc{fds349659,
   Author = {Li, P and Morse, PE and Kay, RF},
   Title = {Dental topographic change with macrowear and dietary
             inference in Homunculus patagonicus.},
   Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
   Volume = {144},
   Pages = {102786},
   Year = {2020},
   Month = {July},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102786},
   Abstract = {Homunculus patagonicus is a stem platyrrhine from the late
             Early Miocene, high-latitude Santa Cruz Formation,
             Argentina. Its distribution lies farther south than any
             extant platyrrhine species. Prior studies on the dietary
             specialization of Homunculus suggest either a mixed diet of
             fruit and leaves or a more predominantly fruit-eating diet.
             To gain further insight into the diet of Homunculus, we
             examined how the occlusal surfaces of the first and second
             lower molars of Homunculus change with wear by using three
             homology-free dental topographic measures: Dirichlet normal
             energy (DNE), orientation patch count rotated (OPCR), and
             relief index (RFI). We compared these data with wear series
             of three extant platyrrhine taxa: the folivorous Alouatta,
             and the frugivorous Ateles and Callicebus (titi monkeys now
             in the genus Plecturocebus). Previous studies found Alouatta
             and Ateles exhibit distinctive patterns of change in
             occlusal morphology with macrowear, possibly related to the
             more folivorous diet of the former. Based on previous
             suggestions that Homunculus was at least partially
             folivorous, we predicted that changes in dental topographic
             metrics with wear would follow a pattern more similar to
             that seen in Alouatta than in Ateles or Callicebus. However,
             wear-induced changes in Homunculus crown sharpness (DNE) and
             complexity (OPCR) are more similar to the pattern observed
             in the frugivorous Ateles and Callicebus. Based on similar
             wear modalities of the lower molars between Homunculus and
             Callicebus, we infer that Homunculus had a primarily
             frugivorous diet. Leaves may have provided an alternative
             dietary resource to accommodate fluctuation in seasonal
             fruiting abundance in the high-latitude extratropical
             environment of late Early Miocene Patagonia.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102786},
   Key = {fds349659}
}

@misc{fds348837,
   Author = {Fannin, LD and Guatelli-Steinberg, D and Geissler, E and Morse, PE and Constantino, PJ and McGraw, WS},
   Title = {Enamel chipping in Taï Forest cercopithecids: Implications
             for diet reconstruction in paleoanthropological
             contexts.},
   Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
   Volume = {141},
   Pages = {102742},
   Year = {2020},
   Month = {April},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102742},
   Abstract = {Antemortem enamel chipping in living and fossil primates is
             often interpreted as evidence of hard-object feeding (i.e.,
             'durophagy'). Laboratory analyses of tooth fracture have
             modeled the theoretical diets and loading conditions that
             may produce such chips. Previous chipping studies of
             nonhuman primates tend to combine populations into species
             samples, despite the fact that species can vary
             significantly in diet across their ranges. Chipping is yet
             to be analyzed across population-specific species samples
             for which long-term dietary data are available. Here, we
             test the association between enamel chipping and diet in a
             community of cercopithecid primates inhabiting the Taï
             Forest, Ivory Coast. We examined fourth premolars and first
             molars (n = 867) from naturally deceased specimens of
             Cercocebus atys, Colobus polykomos, Piliocolobus
             badius,Procolobus verus, and three species of Cercopithecus.
             We found little support for a predictive relationship
             between enamel chipping and diet across the entire Taï
             monkey community. Cercocebus atys, a dedicated hard-object
             feeder, exhibited the highest frequencies of (1) chipped
             teeth and (2) chips of large size; however, the other monkey
             with a significant degree of granivory, Co. polykomos,
             exhibited the lowest chip frequency. In addition, primates
             with little evidence of mechanically challenging or
             hard-food diets-such as Cercopithecus spp., Pi. badius, and
             Pr. verus-evinced higher chipping frequencies than expected.
             The equivocal and stochastic nature of enamel chipping in
             the Taï monkeys suggests nondietary factors contribute
             significantly to chipping. A negative association between
             canopy preference and chipping suggests a role of exogenous
             particles in chip formation, whereby taxa foraging closer to
             the forest floor encounter more errant particulates during
             feeding than species foraging in higher strata. We conclude
             that current enamel chipping models may provide insight into
             the diets of fossil primates, but only in cases of extreme
             durophagy. Given the role of nondietary factors in chip
             formation, our ability to reliably reconstruct a range of
             diets from a gradient of chipping in fossil taxa is likely
             weak.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102742},
   Key = {fds348837}
}

@misc{fds339910,
   Author = {Morse, PE and Chester, SGB and Boyer, DM and Smith, T and Smith, R and Gigase, P and Bloch, JI},
   Title = {New fossils, systematics, and biogeography of the oldest
             known crown primate Teilhardina from the earliest Eocene of
             Asia, Europe, and North America.},
   Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
   Volume = {128},
   Pages = {103-131},
   Year = {2019},
   Month = {March},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.08.005},
   Abstract = {Omomyiform primates are among the most basal fossil
             haplorhines, with the oldest classified in the genus
             Teilhardina and known contemporaneously from Asia, Europe,
             and North America during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal
             Maximum (PETM) ∼56 mya. Characterization of morphology in
             this genus has been limited by small sample sizes and
             fragmentary fossils. A new dental sample (n = 163) of the
             North American species Teilhardina brandti from PETM strata
             of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, documents previously unknown
             morphology and variation, prompting the need for a
             systematic revision of the genus. The P<sub>4</sub> of
             T. brandti expresses a range of variation that encompasses
             that of the recently named, slightly younger North American
             species 'Teilhardina gingerichi,' which is here synonymized
             with T. brandti. A new partial dentary preserving the
             alveoli for P<sub>1-2</sub> demonstrates that T. brandti
             variably expresses an unreduced, centrally-located
             P<sub>1</sub>, and in this regard is similar to that of
             T. asiatica from China. This observation, coupled with
             further documentation of variability in P<sub>1</sub>
             alveolar size, position, and presence in the European type
             species T. belgica, indicates that the original diagnosis
             of T. asiatica is insufficient at distinguishing this
             species from either T. belgica or T. brandti. Likewise,
             the basal omomyiform 'Archicebus achilles' requires revision
             to be distinguished from Teilhardina. Results from a
             phylogenetic analysis of 1890 characters scored for
             omomyiforms, adapiforms, and other euarchontan mammals
             produces a novel clade including T. magnoliana,
             T. brandti, T. asiatica, and T. belgica to the exclusion
             of two species previously referred to Teilhardina, which are
             here classified in a new genus (Bownomomys americanus and
             Bownomomys crassidens). While hypotheses of relationships
             and inferred biogeographic patterns among species of
             Teilhardina could change with the discovery of more complete
             fossils, the results of these analyses indicate a similar
             probability that the genus originated in either Asia or
             North America.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.08.005},
   Key = {fds339910}
}

@misc{fds337597,
   Author = {Boyer, DM and Maiolino, SA and Holroyd, PA and Morse, PE and Bloch,
             JI},
   Title = {Oldest evidence for grooming claws in euprimates.},
   Journal = {Journal of Human Evolution},
   Volume = {122},
   Pages = {1-22},
   Year = {2018},
   Month = {September},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.03.010},
   Abstract = {Euprimates are unusual among mammals in having fingers and
             toes with flat nails. While it seems clear that the
             ancestral stock from which euprimates evolved had
             claw-bearing digits, the available fossil record has not yet
             contributed a detailed understanding of the transition from
             claws to nails. This study helps clarify the evolutionary
             history of the second pedal digit with fossils representing
             the distal phalanx of digit two (dpII), and has broader
             implications for other digits. Among extant primates, the
             keratinized structure on the pedal dpII widely varies in
             form. Extant strepsirrhines and tarsiers have narrow,
             distally tapering, dorsally inclined nails (termed a
             'grooming claws' for their use in autogrooming), while
             extant anthropoids have more typical nails that are wider
             and lack distal tapering or dorsal inclination. At least two
             fossil primate species thought to be stem members of the
             Strepsirrhini appear to have had grooming claws, yet
             reconstructions of the ancestral euprimate condition based
             on direct evidence from the fossil record are ambiguous due
             to inadequate fossil evidence for the earliest haplorhines.
             Seven recently discovered, isolated distal phalanges from
             four early Eocene localities in Wyoming (USA) closely
             resemble those of the pedal dpII in extant prosimians. On
             the basis of faunal associations, size, and morphology,
             these specimens are recognized as the grooming phalanges of
             five genera of haplorhine primates, including one of the
             oldest known euprimates (∼56 Ma), Teilhardina brandti.
             Both the phylogenetic distribution and antiquity of primate
             grooming phalanges now strongly suggest that ancestral
             euprimates had grooming claws, that these structures were
             modified from a primitive claw rather than a flat nail, and
             that the evolutionary loss of 'grooming claws' represents an
             apomorphy for crown anthropoids.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.03.010},
   Key = {fds337597}
}

@misc{fds337598,
   Author = {Pampush, JD and Spradley, JP and Morse, PE and Griffith, D and Gladman,
             JT and Gonzales, LA and Kay, RF},
   Title = {Adaptive wear-based changes in dental topography associated
             with atelid (Mammalia: Primates) diets},
   Journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society},
   Volume = {124},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {584-606},
   Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
   Year = {2018},
   Month = {August},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/bly069},
   Abstract = {Primates are generally characterized by low-crowned,
             brachydont molars relative to many other groups of mammals.
             This conservative architecture may create special challenges
             for maintaining dental functionality in the case of a diet
             requiring proficient shearing ability (e.g. folivory). One
             recent hypothesis, the 'dental sculpting hypothesis',
             suggests that some folivorous primates have dentitions that
             functionally harness macrowear in maintaining occlusal
             sharpness. We examined the relationships between four dental
             topography metrics [Dirichlet normal energy (DNE),
             orientation patch count rotated (OPCR), relief index (RFI)
             and occlusal relief (OR)] against macrowear [as measured by
             the dentine exposure ratio (DER)] in lower first molars of
             Ateles and Alouatta, which are two closely related
             platyrrhines with different diets (Alouatta is a folivore
             and Ateles a frugivore). We find support for the dental
             sculpting hypothesis, in that DNE increases with macrowear
             in the folivorous Alouatta but not in the frugivorous
             Ateles. Multiple contradictions between OPCR and the other
             variables suggest that this metric is a poor reflection of
             the molar form-function relationship in these primates.
             Distributions of relief measures (RFI and OR) confound
             expectations and prior observations, in that Ateles shows
             higher values than Alouatta, because these measures are
             thought to be correlated with dental shearing ability. We
             discuss the role that the relatively thicker enamel caps of
             Ateles might play in the distributions of these
             metrics.},
   Doi = {10.1093/biolinnean/bly069},
   Key = {fds337598}
}

@misc{fds337599,
   Author = {Spradley, JP and Pampush, JD and Morse, PE and Kay,
             RF},
   Title = {Smooth operator: The effects of different 3D mesh
             retriangulation protocols on the computation of Dirichlet
             normal energy.},
   Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
   Volume = {163},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {94-109},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {May},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23188},
   Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Dirichlet normal energy (DNE) is a metric
             of surface topography that has been used to evaluate the
             relationship between the surface complexity of primate cheek
             teeth and dietary categories. This study examines the
             effects of different 3D mesh retriangulation protocols on
             DNE. We examine how different protocols influence the DNE of
             a simple geometric shape-a hemisphere-to gain a more
             thorough understanding than can be achieved by investigating
             a complex biological surface such as a tooth
             crown.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>We calculate DNE on 3D
             surface meshes of hemispheres and on primate molars
             subjected to various retriangulation protocols, including
             smoothing algorithms, smoothing amounts, target face counts,
             and criteria for boundary face exclusion. Software used
             includes R, MorphoTester, Avizo, and MeshLab. DNE was
             calculated using the R package "molaR."<h4>Results</h4>In
             all cases, smoothing as performed in Avizo sharply decreases
             DNE initially, after which DNE becomes stable. Using a
             broader boundary exclusion criterion or performing
             additional smoothing (using "mesh fairing" methods) further
             decreases DNE. Increasing the mesh face count also results
             in increased DNE on tooth surfaces.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Different
             retriangulation protocols yield different DNE values for the
             same surfaces, and should not be combined in meta-analyses.
             Increasing face count will capture surface microfeatures,
             but at the expense of computational speed. More aggressive
             smoothing is more likely to alter the essential geometry of
             the surface. A protocol is proposed that limits potential
             artifacts created during surface production while preserving
             pertinent features on the occlusal surface.},
   Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23188},
   Key = {fds337599}
}

@misc{fds337600,
   Author = {Pampush, JD and Winchester, JM and Morse, PE and Vining, AQ and Boyer,
             DM and Kay, RF},
   Title = {Introducing molaR: a New R Package for Quantitative
             Topographic Analysis of Teeth (and Other Topographic
             Surfaces)},
   Journal = {Journal of Mammalian Evolution},
   Volume = {23},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {397-412},
   Publisher = {Springer Nature},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {December},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10914-016-9326-0},
   Abstract = {Researchers studying mammalian dentitions from functional
             and adaptive perspectives increasingly have moved towards
             using dental topography measures that can be estimated from
             3D surface scans, which do not require identification of
             specific homologous landmarks. Here we present molaR, a new
             R package designed to assist researchers in calculating four
             commonly used topographic measures: Dirichlet Normal Energy
             (DNE), Relief Index (RFI), Orientation Patch Count (OPC),
             and Orientation Patch Count Rotated (OPCR) from surface
             scans of teeth, enabling a unified application of these
             informative new metrics. In addition to providing
             topographic measuring tools, molaR has complimentary
             plotting functions enabling highly customizable
             visualization of results. This article gives a detailed
             description of the DNE measure, walks researchers through
             installing, operating, and troubleshooting molaR and its
             functions, and gives an example of a simple comparison that
             measured teeth of the primates Alouatta and Pithecia in
             molaR and other available software packages. molaR is a free
             and open source software extension, which can be found at
             the doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.3563.4961 (molaR v. 2.0) as well as
             on the Internet repository CRAN, which stores R
             packages.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10914-016-9326-0},
   Key = {fds337600}
}

@misc{fds337601,
   Author = {Pampush, JD and Spradley, JP and Morse, PE and Harrington, AR and Allen,
             KL and Boyer, DM and Kay, RF},
   Title = {Wear and its effects on dental topography measures in
             howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata).},
   Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
   Volume = {161},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {705-721},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {December},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23077},
   Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Three dental topography measurements:
             Dirichlet Normal Energy (DNE), Relief Index (RFI), and
             Orientation Patch Count Rotated (OPCR) are examined for
             their interaction with measures of wear, within and between
             upper and lower molars in Alouatta palliata. Potential
             inferences of the "dental sculpting" phenomenon are
             explored.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>Fifteen occluding
             pairs of howling monkey first molars (15 upper, 15 lower)
             opportunistically collected from La Pacifica, Costa Rica,
             were selected to sample wear stages ranging from unworn to
             heavily worn as measured by the Dentine Exposure Ratio
             (DER). DNE, RFI, and OPCR were measured from
             three-dimensional surface reconstructions (PLY files)
             derived from high-resolution CT scans. Relationships among
             the variables were tested with regression
             analyses.<h4>Results</h4>Upper molars have more cutting
             edges, exhibiting significantly higher DNE, but have
             significantly lower RFI values. However, the relationships
             among the measures are concordant across both sets of
             molars. DER and EDJL are curvilinearly related. DER is
             positively correlated with DNE, negatively correlated with
             RFI, and uncorrelated with OPCR. EDJL is not correlated with
             DNE, or RFI, but is positively correlated with OPCR among
             lower molars only.<h4>Discussion</h4>The relationships among
             these metrics suggest that howling monkey teeth adaptively
             engage macrowear. DNE increases with wear in this sample
             presumably improving food breakdown. RFI is initially high
             but declines with wear, suggesting that the initially high
             RFI safeguards against dental senescence. OPCR values in
             howling monkey teeth do not show a clear relationship with
             wear changes.},
   Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23077},
   Key = {fds337601}
}

@misc{fds337602,
   Author = {Baczynski, AA and McInerney, FA and Wing, SL and Kraus, MJ and Morse,
             PE and Bloch, JI and Chung, AH and Freeman, KH},
   Title = {Distortion of carbon isotope excursion in bulk soil organic
             matter during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal
             maximum},
   Journal = {Bulletin of the Geological Society of America},
   Volume = {128},
   Number = {9-10},
   Pages = {1352-1366},
   Publisher = {Geological Society of America},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {September},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B31389.1},
   Abstract = {The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum was a period of abrupt,
             transient global warming, fueled by a large release of
             13Cdepleted carbon and marked globally by a negative carbon
             isotope excursion. While the carbon isotope excursion is
             often identified in the carbon isotope ratios of bulk soil
             organic matter (δ13Corg), these records can be biased by
             factors associated with production, degradation, and sources
             of sedimentary carbon input. To better understand these
             factors, we compared δ13Corg values from Paleocene-Eocene
             thermal maximum rocks in the southeastern Bighorn Basin,
             Wyoming, with those derived from leaf wax n-alkanes
             (δ13Cn-alk). While both δ13Cn-alk and δ13Corg records
             indicate an abrupt, negative shift in δ13C values, the
             carbon isotope excursions observed in bulk organic matter
             are smaller in magnitude and shorter in duration than those
             in n-alkanes. To explore these discrepancies, we modeled
             predicted total plant tissue carbon isotope (δ13CTT) curves
             from the δ13Cn-alk record using enrichment factors
             determined in modern C3 plants. Measured δ13Corg values are
             enriched in 13C relative to predicted δ13CTT, with greater
             enrichment during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum than
             before or after. The greater 13C enrichment could reflect
             increased degradation of autochthonous organic matter,
             increased input of allochthonous fossil carbon enriched in
             13C, or both. By comparing samples from organicrich and
             organic-poor depositional environments, we infer that
             microbial degradation rates doubled during the
             Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum, and we calculate that
             fossil carbon input increased ~28%-63%. This approach to
             untangling the controls on the isotopic composition of bulk
             soil carbon is an important development that will inform not
             only future studies of global carbon cycle dynamics during
             the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum hyperthermal event, but
             also any study that seeks to correlate or estimate duration
             and magnitude of past events using soil organic
             carbon.},
   Doi = {10.1130/B31389.1},
   Key = {fds337602}
}

@misc{fds337603,
   Author = {Baczynski, AA and McInerney, FA and Wing, SL and Kraus, MJ and Bloch,
             JI and Boyer, DM and Secord, R and Morse, PE and Fricke,
             HC},
   Title = {Chemostratigraphic implications of spatial variation in the
             Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum carbon isotope excursion,
             SE Bighorn Basin, Wyoming},
   Journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
   Volume = {14},
   Number = {10},
   Pages = {4133-4152},
   Publisher = {American Geophysical Union (AGU)},
   Year = {2013},
   Month = {October},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ggge.20265},
   Abstract = {The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is marked by a
             prominent negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) of 3-5‰
             that has a characteristic rapid onset, stable body, and
             recovery to near pre-CIE isotopic composition. Although the
             CIE is the major criterion for global correlation of the
             Paleocene-Eocene boundary, spatial variations in the
             position and shape of the CIE have not been systematically
             evaluated. We measured carbon isotope ratios of bulk organic
             matter (δ13Corg) and pedogenic carbonate (δ13Ccarb) at six
             PETM sections across a 16 km transect in the SE Bighorn
             Basin, Wyoming. Bed tracing and high-resolution floral and
             faunal biostratigraphy allowed correlation of the sections
             independent of chemostratigraphy. The onset of the CIE in
             bulk organic matter at all six sections occurs within a
             single laterally extensive geosol. The magnitude of the CIE
             varies from 2.1 to 3.8‰. The absolute and relative
             stratigraphic thickness of the body of the CIE in bulk
             organic matter varies significantly across the field area
             and underrepresents the thickness of the PETM body by
             30%-80%. The variations cannot be explained by basinal
             position and instead suggest that δ13Corg values were
             influenced by local factors such as reworking of older
             carbon. The stratigraphic thickness and shape of the CIE
             have been used to correlate sections, estimate timing of
             biotic and climatic changes relative to the presumed carbon
             isotope composition of the atmosphere, and calculate rates
             of environmental and biotic change. Localized controls on
             δ13Corg values place these inferences in question by
             influencing the apparent shape and duration of the CIE. Key
             Points PETM bulk soil organic matter carbon isotope records
             from 6 sites across 16 km Initial carbon isotope shift
             occurs within same laterally extensive geosol Shape of CIE
             highly variable and PETM thickness underestimated by 30-80%
             ©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights
             Reserved.},
   Doi = {10.1002/ggge.20265},
   Key = {fds337603}
}

@misc{fds337604,
   Author = {Morse, PE and Daegling, DJ and McGraw, WS and Pampush,
             JD},
   Title = {Dental wear among cercopithecid monkeys of the Taï forest,
             Côte d'Ivoire.},
   Journal = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology},
   Volume = {150},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {655-665},
   Year = {2013},
   Month = {April},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22242},
   Abstract = {Studies of dental macrowear can be useful for understanding
             masticatory and ingestive behavior, life history, and for
             inferring dietary information from the skeletal material of
             extinct and extant primates. Such studies to date have
             tended to focus on one or two teeth, potentially missing
             information that can be garnered through examination of wear
             patterns across the tooth row. Our study measured macrowear
             in the postcanine teeth of three sympatric cercopithecid
             species from the Taï Forest, Côte d'Ivoire (Cercocebus
             atys, Procolobus badius, and Colobus polykomos), whose diets
             have been well-described. Inter-specific analyses suggest
             that different diets and ingestive behaviors are
             characterized by different patterns of wear across the molar
             row, with Cercocebus atys emphasizing tooth use near P4 -M1
             , P. badius emphasizing a large amount of tooth use near M2
             -M3 , and Colobus polykomos exhibiting wear more evenly
             across the postcanine teeth. Information regarding
             differential tooth use across the molar row may be more
             informative than macrowear analysis of isolated teeth for
             making inferences about primate feeding behavior.},
   Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.22242},
   Key = {fds337604}
}


%% Papers Presented/Symposia/Abstracts   
@article{fds361798,
   Author = {Stock, SR and Morse, PE and Stock, MK and James, KC and Natanson, LJ and Chen, H and Shevchenko, PD and Maxey, ER and Antipova, O and Park,
             JS},
   Title = {Microstructure and energy dispersive diffraction
             reconstruction of 3D patterns of crystallographic texture in
             a shark centrum},
   Journal = {Smart Structures and Materials 2005: Active Materials:
             Behavior and Mechanics},
   Volume = {11840},
   Year = {2021},
   Month = {January},
   ISBN = {9781510645189},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2595040},
   Abstract = {Tomography using diffracted x-rays produces reconstructions
             mapping quantities including crystal lattice parameter(s),
             crystallite size and crystallographic texture; this
             information is quite different from that obtained with
             absorption contrast or phase contrast. Diffraction
             tomography can be performed using energy dispersive
             diffraction (EDD) and polychromatic synchrotron x-radiation.
             In EDD, different, properly-oriented Bragg planes diffract
             different x-ray energies; these intensities are measured by
             an energy sensitive detector. A pencil beam defines the
             irradiated volume, and a collimator before the energy
             sensitive detector selects which portion of the irradiated
             column is sampled at any one time. A 3D map is assembled by
             translating the specimen along X, Y and Z axes. This paper
             reports results of 3D mapping of the integrated intensity of
             several reflections from the bioapatite in the mineralized
             cartilage centrum of a blue shark. The multiple detector EDD
             system at 6-BM-B, the Advanced Photon Source was used to map
             an entire blue shark centrum. The shark centrum consists of
             a double cone structure (corpora calcerea) supported by the
             intermedialia consisting of four wedges. The integrated
             intensities of the c-axis reflection and of a reflection
             with no c-axis component reveals the bioapatite within the
             cone wall is oriented with its c-axes lateral, i.e.,
             perpendicular to the axis of the backbone, whereas the
             bioapatite within the wedges is oriented with its c-axes
             axial. Results of absorption microCT (laboratory and
             synchrotron) and x-ray excited x-ray fluorescence mapping
             are included to provide higher resolution data of the
             structures underlying the EDD maps. Application of EDD
             tomography to 3D mapping of large specimens promises to add
             to the understanding of other mineralized tissue samples
             which cannot be sectioned.},
   Doi = {10.1117/12.2595040},
   Key = {fds361798}
}