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| Publications of Tracy Falba :chronological alphabetical combined by tags listing:
%% Journal Articles
@article{fds238094,
Author = {Falba, TA and Sindelar, JL and Gallo, WT},
Title = {Work Expectations, Realizations, and Depression in Older
Workers},
Journal = {Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics},
Volume = {12},
Number = {4},
Pages = {175-186},
Year = {2009},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1091-4358},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000273277800002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds238094}
}
@article{fds325831,
Author = {Gueorguieva, R and Sindelar, JL and Falba, TA and Fletcher, JM and Keenan, P and Wu, R and Gallo, WT},
Title = {The impact of occupation on self-rated health:
Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from the health
and retirement survey},
Journal = {Journals of Gerontology: Series B},
Volume = {64},
Number = {1},
Pages = {118-124},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbn006},
Abstract = {Background. The objective of this study is to estimate
occupational differences in self-rated health, both in
cross-section and over time, among older individuals.
Methods. We use hierarchical linear models to estimate
self-reported health as a function of 8 occupational
categories and key covariates. We examine self-reported
health status over 7 waves (12 years) of the Health and
Retirement Study. Our study sample includes 9,586
individuals with 55,389 observations. Longest occupation is
used to measure the cumulative i mpact of occupation,
address the potential for reverse causality, and allow the
inclusion of all older individuals, including those no
longer working. Results. Significant baseline differences in
self-reported health by occupation are found even after
accounting for demographics, health habits, economic
attributes, and employment characteristics. But contrary to
our hypothesis, there is no support for significant
differences in slopes of health trajectories even after
accounting for dropout. Conclusions. Our findings suggest
that occupation-related differences found at baseline are
durable and persist as individuals age. © The Author 2009.
Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The
Gerontological Society of America. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1093/geronb/gbn006},
Key = {fds325831}
}
@article{RefWorks:96,
Author = {Falba, TA and Sindelar, JL},
Title = {Spousal concordance in health behavior change},
Journal = {Health Services Research},
Volume = {43},
Number = {1},
Pages = {96-116},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {0017-9124},
url = {http://www.econ.duke.edu/},
Keywords = {spouse; smoking; alcohol; exercise; preventive services;
smoking-cessation; husbands; marriage; support; maintenance;
patterns; families; history; model},
Abstract = {Objective. This study examines the degree to which a married
individual's health habits and use of preventive medical
care are influenced by his or her spouse's behaviors. Study
Design. Using longitudinal data on individuals and their
spouses, we examine changes over time in the health habits
of each person as a function of changes in his or her
spouse's health habits. Specifically, we analyze changes in
smoking, drinking, exercising, cholesterol screening, and
obtaining a flu shot. Data Source. This study uses data from
the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally
representative sample of individuals born between 1931 and
1941 and their spouses. Beginning in 1992, 12,652 persons
(age-eligible individuals as well as their spouses) from
7,702 households were surveyed about many aspects of their
life, including health behaviors, use of preventive
services, and disease diagnosis. Sample. The analytic sample
includes 6,072 individuals who are married at the time of
the initial HRS survey and who remain married and in the
sample at the time of the 1996 and 2000 waves. Principal
Findings. We consistently find that when one spouse improves
his or her behavior, the other spouse is likely to do so as
well. This is found across all the behaviors analyzed, and
persists despite controlling for many other factors.
Conclusions. Simultaneous changes occur in a number of
health behaviors. This conclusion has prescriptive
implications for developing interventions, treatments, and
policies to improve health habits and for evaluating the
impact of such measures.},
Key = {RefWorks:96}
}
@article{RefWorks:95,
Author = {McKee, SA and Falba, T and O'Malley, SS and Sindelar, J and O'Connor,
PG},
Title = {Smoking status as a clinical indicator for alcohol misuse in
US adults.},
Journal = {Archives of internal medicine},
Volume = {167},
Number = {7},
Pages = {716-721},
Year = {2007},
Month = {April},
ISBN = {0003-9926 (Print)},
ISSN = {0003-9926},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17420431},
Keywords = {Adolescent; Adult; Alcohol Drinking/*epidemiology;
Alcoholism/*epidemiology; Humans; Smoking/*epidemiology},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Screening for alcohol use in primary care
settings is recommended by clinical care guidelines but is
not adhered to as strongly as screening for smoking. It has
been proposed that smoking status could be used to enhance
the identification of alcohol misuse in primary care and
other medical settings, but national data are lacking. Our
objective was to investigate smoking status as a clinical
indicator for alcohol misuse in a national sample of US
adults, following clinical care guidelines for the
assessment of these behaviors. METHODS: Analyses are based
on a sample of 42 374 US adults from the National
Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
(Wave I, 2001-2002). Odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence
intervals (CIs), and test characteristics (sensitivity,
specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and
positive likelihood ratio of smoking behavior [daily,
occasional, or former]) were determined for the detection of
hazardous drinking behavior and alcohol-related diagnoses,
assessed by the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated
Disabilities Interview Schedule-IV. RESULTS: Daily,
occasional, and ex-smokers were more likely than never
smokers to be hazardous drinkers (OR, 3.23 [95% CI,
3.02-3.46]; OR, 5.33 [95% CI, 4.70-6.04]; OR, 1.19 [95% CI,
1.10-1.28], respectively). Daily and occasional smokers were
more likely to meet criteria for alcohol diagnoses (OR, 3.52
[95% CI, 3.19-3.90] and OR, 5.39 [95% CI, 4.60-6.31],
respectively). For the detection of hazardous drinking by
current smoking (occasional smokers + daily smokers),
sensitivity was 42.5%; specificity, 81.9%; positive
predictive value, 45.3% (vs population rate of 26.1%); and
positive likelihood ratio, 2.34. For the detection of
alcohol diagnoses by current smoking, sensitivity was 51.4%;
specificity, 78.0%; positive predictive value, 17.8% (vs
population rate of 8.5%); and positive likelihood ratio,
2.33. CONCLUSIONS: Occasional and daily smokers were at
heightened risk for hazardous drinking and alcohol use
diagnoses. Smoking status can be used as a clinical
indicator for alcohol misuse and as a reminder for alcohol
screening in general.},
Doi = {10.1001/archinte.167.7.716},
Key = {RefWorks:95}
}
@article{RefWorks:94,
Author = {Gallo, WT and Teng, HM and Falba, TA and Kasl, SV and Krumholz, HM and Bradley, EH},
Title = {The impact of late career job loss on myocardial infarction
and stroke: a 10 year follow up using the health and
retirement survey},
Journal = {Occupational and environmental medicine},
Volume = {63},
Number = {10},
Pages = {683-687},
Year = {2006},
Month = {October},
ISBN = {1351-0711},
ISSN = {1351-0711},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000240556800007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Keywords = {CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; DISPLACED WORKERS; OLDER WORKERS;
RISK-FACTOR; EARNINGS LOSSES; BLOOD-PRESSURE; UNEMPLOYMENT;
MORTALITY; MEN},
Doi = {10.1136/oem.2006.026823},
Key = {RefWorks:94}
}
@article{RefWorks:93,
Author = {Gallo, WT and Bradley, EH and Dubin, JA and Jones, RN and Falba, TA and Teng, HM and Kasl, SV},
Title = {The persistence of depressive symptoms in older workers who
experience involuntary job loss: Results from the health and
retirement survey},
Journal = {Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and
Social Sciences},
Volume = {61},
Number = {4},
Pages = {S221-S228},
Year = {2006},
ISBN = {1079-5014},
Keywords = {PROLONGED UNEMPLOYMENT; PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT; MENTAL-HEALTH;
RISK-FACTORS; FOLLOW-UP; EMPLOYMENT; VULNERABILITY;
DISPLACEMENT; REEMPLOYMENT; TRANSITIONS},
Key = {RefWorks:93}
}
@article{RefWorks:89,
Author = {Falba, T and Teng, H-M and Sindelar, JL and Gallo,
WT},
Title = {The effect of involuntary job loss on smoking intensity and
relapse.},
Journal = {Addiction},
Volume = {100},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1330-1339},
Year = {2005},
Month = {September},
ISBN = {0965-2140},
ISSN = {0965-2140},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16128722},
Keywords = {employment; involuntary job loss; older workers; smoking
relapse; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; OLDER ADULTS; HEALTH; CESSATION;
UNEMPLOYMENT; STRESS; PREDICTORS; CONSEQUENCES; RETIREMENT;
SMOKERS},
Abstract = {AIMS: To assess the impact of involuntary job loss due to
plant closure or layoff on relapse to smoking and smoking
intensity among older workers. DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS, SAMPLE:
Data come from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally
representative survey of older Americans aged 51-61 in 1991
followed every 2 years beginning in 1992. The 3052
participants who were working at the initial wave and had
any history of smoking comprise the main sample. METHODS:
Primary outcomes are smoking relapse at wave 2 (1994) among
baseline former smokers, and smoking quantity at wave 2
among baseline current smokers. As reported at the wave 2
follow-up, 6.8% of the sample experienced an involuntary job
loss between waves 1 and 2. FINDINGS: Older workers have
over two times greater odds of relapse subsequent to
involuntary job loss than those who did not. Further, those
who were current smokers prior to displacement that did not
obtain new employment were found to be smoking more
cigarettes, on average, post-job loss. CONCLUSIONS: The
stress of job loss, along with other significant changes
associated with leaving one's job, which would tend to
increase cigarette consumption, must outweigh the financial
hardship which would tend to reduce consumption. This
highlights job loss as an important health risk factor for
older smokers.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01150.x},
Key = {RefWorks:89}
}
@article{RefWorks:88,
Author = {Falba, T},
Title = {Health events and the smoking cessation of middle aged
Americans.},
Journal = {Journal of Behavioral Medicine},
Volume = {28},
Number = {1},
Pages = {21-33},
Year = {2005},
Month = {February},
ISBN = {0160-7715},
ISSN = {0160-7715},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15887873},
Keywords = {smoking cessation; Health and Retirement Study; health
events; longitudinal studies; health behavior; HOSPITALIZED
SMOKERS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; DISEASE; RISK; INTERVENTION;
PERCEPTIONS; RETIREMENT; REDUCTION; BENEFITS;
ADULTS},
Abstract = {This study investigates the effect of serious health events
including new diagnoses of heart attacks, strokes, cancers,
chronic lung disease, chronic heart failure, diabetes, and
heart disease on future smoking status up to 6 years
postevent. Data come from the Health and Retirement Study, a
nationally representative longitudinal survey of Americans
aged 51-61 in 1991, followed every 2 years from 1992 to
1998. Smoking status is evaluated at each of three
follow-ups, (1994, 1996, and 1998) as a function of health
events between each of the four waves. Acute and chronic
health events are associated with much lower likelihood of
smoking both in the wave immediately following the event and
up to 6 years later. However, future events do not
retrospectively predict past cessation. In sum, serious
health events have substantial impacts on cessation rates of
older smokers. Notably, these effects persist for as much as
6 years after a health event.},
Key = {RefWorks:88}
}
@article{RefWorks:90,
Author = {Falba, TA and Busch, SH},
Title = {Survival expectations of the obese: Is excess mortality
reflected in perceptions?},
Journal = {Obesity Research},
Volume = {13},
Number = {4},
Pages = {754-761},
Year = {2005},
ISBN = {1071-7323},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/2624 Duke open
access},
Keywords = {BMI; subjective survival; longevity; health and retirement
study; BODY-MASS INDEX; UNITED-STATES; LIFE EXPECTANCY;
OLDER PERSONS; US; ADULTS; FOLLOW-UP; WEIGHT; HEALTH; WOMEN;
RETIREMENT},
Abstract = {Abstract},
Key = {RefWorks:90}
}
@article{RefWorks:91,
Author = {Jofre Bonet and M and Busch, SH and Falba, TA and Sindelar,
JL},
Title = {Poor mental health and smoking: Interactive impact on
wages},
Journal = {Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics},
Volume = {8},
Number = {4},
Pages = {193-203},
Year = {2005},
ISBN = {1091-4358},
Keywords = {PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; ABSENTEEISM;
ALCOHOLISM; PREVALENCE; SELECTION; ERROR;
BIAS},
Key = {RefWorks:91}
}
@article{RefWorks:92,
Author = {Sindelar, JL and Duchovny, N and Falba, TA and Busch,
SH},
Title = {If smoking increases absences, does quitting reduce
them?},
Journal = {Tobacco Control},
Volume = {14},
Number = {2},
Pages = {99-105},
Year = {2005},
ISBN = {0964-4563},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/2630 Duke open
access},
Keywords = {CIGARETTE-SMOKING; SICKNESS ABSENCE; ECONOMIC COSTS; HEALTH;
ABSENTEEISM; CESSATION; SMOKERS; WORK; POPULATION;
PREDICTORS},
Key = {RefWorks:92}
}
@article{RefWorks:98,
Author = {Gallo, W and Bradley, E and Lim, S and Dubin, J and Teng, H and Leo-Summers, L and Gill, T and Falba, T},
Title = {Differential effects of involuntary job loss among older
workers: A follow-up study using the health and retirement
survey},
Journal = {The Gerontologist},
Volume = {44},
Pages = {614-614},
Year = {2004},
Month = {October},
ISBN = {0016-9013},
ISSN = {0016-9013},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000225458802516&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {RefWorks:98}
}
@article{RefWorks:86,
Author = {Sindelar, J and Falba, T},
Title = {Securitization of tobacco settlement payments to reduce
states' conflict of interest.},
Journal = {Health Affairs},
Volume = {23},
Number = {5},
Pages = {188-193},
Year = {2004},
Month = {September},
ISBN = {0278-2715},
ISSN = {0278-2715},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15371384},
Abstract = {Securitization of the Master Settlement Agreement (MSA)
payments from tobacco companies is hotly debated in states
and policy circles. Securitization is issuing a bond backed
by future payments in return for up-front money. Many public
health advocates are strongly against securitization.
However, securitization itself does not rob states of
tobacco control. Rather, the issue is lack of commitment to
tobacco control by states. Further, securitization can
mitigate states' conflict of interest between keeping
tobacco companies fiscally healthy to ensure their MSA
payments and reducing tobacco sales for health reasons.
States should not align with tobacco companies with the
common interest of keeping tobacco companies fiscally
healthy.},
Doi = {10.1377/hlthaff.23.5.188},
Key = {RefWorks:86}
}
@article{RefWorks:82,
Author = {Busch, S and Falba, T and Duchovny, N and Jofre-Bonet, M and O'Malley,
S and Sindelar, J},
Title = {Value to smokers of improved cessation products: evidence
from a willingness-to-pay survey.},
Journal = {Nicotine and Tobacco Research (OUP)},
Volume = {6},
Number = {4},
Pages = {631-639},
Year = {2004},
Month = {August},
ISBN = {1462-2203},
ISSN = {1462-2203},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15370159},
Keywords = {CONTINGENT VALUATION METHOD; QUALITY-OF-LIFE;
SMOKING-CESSATION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; WEIGHT-GAIN;
HEALTH-CARE; FEASIBILITY},
Abstract = {The present study demonstrated the use of willingness to pay
to value hypothetical new smoking cessation products. Data
came from a baseline survey of participants in a clinical
trial of medications for smoking cessation (N=356) conducted
in New Haven, Connecticut. We analyzed individual
willingness to pay for a hypothetical tobacco cessation
treatment that is (a) more effective than those currently
available and then (b) more effective and attenuates the
weight gain often associated with smoking cessation. A
majority of the respondents (n=280; 84%) were willing to pay
for the more effective treatment, and, of those, 175 (63%)
were willing to pay more if the increased effectiveness was
accompanied by attenuation of the weight gain associated
with smoking cessation. The present study suggests the
validity of using willingness-to-pay surveys in assessing
the value of new smoking cessation products and products
with multifaceted improvements. From these data, we
calculated estimates of the value of a quit. For the
population studied, this survey suggests a substantial
market for more effective smoking cessation
treatments.},
Doi = {10.1080/14622200410001727885},
Key = {RefWorks:82}
}
@article{RefWorks:87,
Author = {Snyder, A and Falba, T and Busch, S and Sindelar,
J},
Title = {Are State legislatures responding to public opinion when
allocating funds for tobacco control programs?},
Journal = {Health Promotion Practice},
Volume = {5},
Number = {3 Suppl},
Pages = {35S-45S},
Year = {2004},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1524-8399},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15231095},
Keywords = {Health Promotion/*economics; Humans; Politics; *Public
Opinion; *Resource Allocation; Smoking/epidemiology/*prevention
& control; *State Government; Tobacco Industry/economics/*legislation
& jurisprudence; United States/epidemiology},
Abstract = {This study explored the factors associated with state-level
allocations to tobacco-control programs. The primary
research question was whether public sentiment regarding
tobacco control was a significant factor in the states' 2001
budget decisions. In addition to public opinion, several
additional political and economic measures were considered.
Significant associations were found between our outcome,
state-level tobacco-control funding per capita, and key
variables of interest including public opinion, amount of
tobacco settlement received, the party affiliation of the
governor, the state's smoking rate, excise tax revenue
received, and whether the state was a major producer of
tobacco. The findings from this study supported our
hypothesis that states with citizens who favor more
restrictive indoor air policies allocate more to tobacco
control. Effective public education to change public opinion
and the cultural norms surrounding smoking may affect
political decisions and, in turn, increase funding for
crucial public health programs.},
Doi = {10.1177/1524839904264591},
Key = {RefWorks:87}
}
@article{RefWorks:84,
Author = {Falba, T and Jofre-Bonet, M and Busch, S and Duchovny, N and Sindelar,
J},
Title = {Reduction of quantity smoked predicts future cessation among
older smokers.},
Journal = {Addiction},
Volume = {99},
Number = {1},
Pages = {93-102},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {0965-2140},
ISSN = {0965-2140},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14678067},
Keywords = {cigarette fading; health and retirement study; longitudinal
study; reduced smoking; smoking cessation; tobacco use;
CIGARETTE ABSTINENCE; FOLLOW-UP; INTERVENTION; DEPENDENCE;
PROGRAM; ABRUPT; TRIAL},
Abstract = {AIM: To examine whether smokers who reduce their quantity of
cigarettes smoked between two periods are more or less
likely to quit subsequently. STUDY DESIGN: Data come from
the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative
survey of older Americans aged 51-61 in 1991 followed every
2 years from 1992 to 1998. The 2064 participants smoking at
baseline and the first follow-up comprise the main sample.
MEASUREMENTS: Smoking cessation by 1996 is examined as the
primary outcome. A secondary outcome is relapse by 1998.
Spontaneous changes in smoking quantity between the first
two waves make up the key predictor variables. Control
variables include gender, age, education, race, marital
status, alcohol use, psychiatric problems, acute or chronic
health problems and smoking quantity. FINDINGS: Large (over
50%) and even moderate (25-50%) reductions in quantity
smoked between 1992 and 1994 predict prospectively increased
likelihood of cessation in 1996 compared to no change in
quantity (OR 2.96, P<0.001 and OR 1.61, P<0.01,
respectively). Additionally, those who reduced and then quit
were somewhat less likely to relapse by 1998 than those who
did not reduce in the 2 years prior to quitting.
CONCLUSIONS: Reducing successfully the quantity of
cigarettes smoked appears to have a beneficial effect on
future cessation likelihood, even after controlling for
initial smoking level and other variables known to impact
smoking cessation. These results indicate that the harm
reduction strategy of reduced smoking warrants further
study.},
Key = {RefWorks:84}
}
@article{RefWorks:83,
Author = {Busch, S and Jofre-Bonet, M and Falba, T and Sindelar,
J},
Title = {Burning a Hole in the Budget: Tobacco Spending and its
Crowd-Out of Other Goods},
Journal = {Applied Health Economics and Health Policy},
Volume = {3},
Number = {4},
Pages = {263-272},
Year = {2004},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/2862 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Smoking is an expensive habit. Smoking households spend, on
average, more than $US1000 annually on cigarettes. When a
family member quits, in addition to the former
smoker},
Key = {RefWorks:83}
}
@article{RefWorks:85,
Author = {Gallo, WT and Bradley, EH and Falba, TA and Dubin, JA and Cramer, LD and Bogardus, ST and Kasl, SV},
Title = {Involuntary job loss as a risk factor for subsequent
myocardial infarction and stroke: Findings from the Health
and Retirement Survey},
Journal = {American Journal of Industrial Medicine},
Volume = {45},
Number = {5},
Pages = {408-416},
Year = {2004},
ISBN = {0271-3586},
Keywords = {job loss; unemployment; incidence; myocardial infarction;
stroke; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; BLOOD-PRESSURE;
UNITED-STATES; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; OLDER WORKERS;
MORTALITY; IMPACT; PREVENTION; FRAMINGHAM},
Key = {RefWorks:85}
}
@article{RefWorks:81,
Author = {McKee, SA and Maciejewski, PK and Falba, T and Mazure,
CM},
Title = {Sex differences in the effects of stressful life events on
changes in smoking status.},
Journal = {Addiction},
Volume = {98},
Number = {6},
Pages = {847-855},
Year = {2003},
Month = {June},
ISBN = {0965-2140},
ISSN = {0965-2140},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12780373},
Keywords = {epidemiology; life events; sex differences; smoking; stress;
SOCIAL SUPPORT; GENDER DIFFERENCES; CIGARETTE-SMOKING;
COPING; RESPONSES; CESSATION; RELAPSE; HEALTH; STUDENTS;
PHYSICIAN; SYMPTOMS},
Abstract = {AIMS: Stressful life events known to be associated with
substance use were examined to determine if there were
sex-specific responses to stress resulting in changes in
smoking status. PARTICIPANTS AND MEASUREMENTS: A
community-based sample of ever smokers from the Americans'
Changing Lives study (n = 1512, 45% female based on sample
weights) was used to examine the interactive effects of sex
and stressful life events on the likelihood of two outcomes;
relapse among former smokers and failure to quit among
current smokers. Logistic regression procedures were used to
calculate odds ratios. Factors known to be associated with
smoking status (e.g. depression, self-esteem, social
support) were assessed as control variables. FINDINGS: In
the sample of former smokers (n = 729) interpersonal loss
events were associated with continued abstinence, whereas
change of residence and adverse financial events were
associated with increased occurrence of relapse. Women were
more likely than men to relapse in response to a financial
event. In the sample of current smokers (n = 783), financial
events were associated with continued smoking, whereas
health events were associated with increased likelihood of
quitting. Women were more likely than men to continue
smoking in the presence of an adverse financial event and
less likely than men to quit in response to an adverse
health event. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, stressful life events
appear to have a greater deleterious effect on continued
abstinence and the ability to quit smoking for women when
compared to men. In particular, health and financial events
are important risk factors for women and tobacco
use.},
Key = {RefWorks:81}
}
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