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| Psychology and Neuroscience Postdocs: Publications since January 2023List all publications in the database. :chronological alphabetical combined listing:%% Bourassa, Kyle @article{fds366153, Author = {Bourassa, KJ and Moffitt, TE and Harrington, H and Houts, R and Poulton, R and Ramrakha, S and Rasmussen, LJH and Wertz, J and Caspi, A}, Title = {Childhood Adversity and Midlife Health: Shining a Light on the Black Box of Psychosocial Mechanisms.}, Journal = {Prevention Science : the Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research}, Volume = {24}, Number = {5}, Pages = {817-828}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11121-022-01431-y}, Abstract = {Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with poorer health, which has spurred public health efforts to reduce the number of adverse events children experience. Unfortunately, it is unlikely that all ACEs can be prevented. For adults who already experienced ACEs in childhood, what psychological, social, and behavioral intervention targets might reduce risk for negative health outcomes? To provide insight into the "black box" of psychosocial mechanisms linking ACEs to poor health, our study used data from the Dunedin Study, a longitudinal cohort assessed from birth to age 45. Mediation models (N = 859) were used to examine whether candidate psychosocial variables in adulthood explained the association between childhood ACEs and health in midlife. Potential psychosocial mediators included stressful life events, perceived stress, negative emotionality, and health behaviors. Children who experienced more ACEs had poorer health in midlife. They also had significantly more stressful life events, more perceived stress, more negative emotionality, and unhealthier behaviors as adults. These mediators were each independently associated with poorer health in midlife and statistically mediated the association between ACEs and midlife health. Health behaviors evidenced the strongest indirect effect from ACEs to midlife health. Together, these psychosocial mediators accounted for the association between ACEs in childhood and health three decades later. Public health efforts to mitigate the health consequences of ACEs could aim to reduce the stressful life events people experience, reduce negative emotionality, reduce perceived stress, or improve health behaviors among adults who experienced childhood adversity.}, Doi = {10.1007/s11121-022-01431-y}, Key = {fds366153} } @article{fds370508, Author = {Bourassa, KJ and Caspi, A and Brennan, GM and Hall, KS and Harrington, H and Houts, R and Kimbrel, NA and Poulton, R and Ramrakha, S and Taylor, GA and Moffitt, TE}, Title = {Which Types of Stress Are Associated With Accelerated Biological Aging? Comparing Perceived Stress, Stressful Life Events, Childhood Adversity, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.}, Journal = {Psychosom Med}, Volume = {85}, Number = {5}, Pages = {389-396}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000001197}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Stress and stressful events are associated with poorer health; however, there are multiple ways to conceptualize and measure stress and stress responses. One physiological mechanism through which stress could result in poorer health is accelerated biological aging. This study tested which types of stress were associated with accelerated biological aging in adulthood. METHODS: Studying 955 participants from the Dunedin Longitudinal Study, we tested whether four types of stress assessed from ages 32 to 45 years-perceived stress, number of stressful life events, adverse childhood experiences, and posttraumatic stress disorder-were associated with accelerated biological aging. RESULTS: Higher levels of all four measures of stress were significantly associated with accelerated aging in separate models. In a combined model, more perceived stress and more stressful life events remained associated with faster aging, and the stress measures explained 6.9% of the variance in aging. The magnitudes of the associations between the four measures of stress and biological aging were comparable to associations for smoking and low education, two established risk factors for accelerated aging. People with high levels of perceived stress, numerous adverse childhood experiences (4+), high stressful life event counts, or posttraumatic stress disorder were aging an additional estimated 2.4 months, 1.1 additional months, 1.4 months, and 1.4 months per year, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Assessing stress, particularly perceived stress, could help identify people at risk of accelerated aging. Intervening to treat stress or the health-relevant sequelae of stress could potentially slow the rate at which people are aging, improving their health as they age.}, Doi = {10.1097/PSY.0000000000001197}, Key = {fds370508} } %% Brennan, Grace @article{fds375249, Author = {Brennan, GM and Moffitt, TE and Bourassa, KJ and Harrington, H and Hogan, S and Houts, RM and Poulton, R and Ramrakha, S and Caspi, A}, Title = {The Continuity of Adversity: Negative Emotionality Links Early Life Adversity With Adult Stressful Life Events}, Journal = {Clinical Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science}, Publisher = {SAGE Publications}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21677026231220337}, Abstract = {<jats:p> Adversity that exhibits continuity across the life course has long-term detrimental effects on physical and mental health. Using 920 participants from the Dunedin Study, we tested the following hypotheses: (a) Children (ages 3–15) who experienced adversity would also tend to experience adversity in adulthood (ages 32–45), and (2) interim personality traits in young adulthood (ages 18–26) would help account for this longitudinal association. Children who experienced more adversity tended to also experience more stressful life events as adults, β = 0.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.04, 0.18], p = .002. Negative emotionality—particularly its subfacet alienation, characterized by mistrust of others—helped explain this childhood-to-midlife association (indirect effect: β = 0.06, 95% CI = [0.04, 0.09], p < .001). Results were robust to adjustment for sex, socioeconomic origins, childhood IQ, preschool temperament, and other young-adult personality traits. Prevention of early life adversity and treatment of young-adult negative emotionality may reduce vulnerability to later life stress and thereby promote the health of aging adults. </jats:p>}, Doi = {10.1177/21677026231220337}, Key = {fds375249} } @article{fds373039, Author = {Brennan, GM and Moffitt, TE and Ambler, A and Harrington, H and Hogan, S and Houts, RM and Mani, R and Poulton, R and Ramrakha, S and Caspi, A}, Title = {Tracing the origins of midlife despair: association of psychopathology during adolescence with a syndrome of despair-related maladies at midlife.}, Journal = {Psychological Medicine}, Volume = {53}, Number = {16}, Pages = {7569-7580}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291723001320}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Midlife adults are experiencing a crisis of deaths of despair (i.e. deaths from suicide, drug overdose, and alcohol-related liver disease). We tested the hypothesis that a syndrome of despair-related maladies at midlife is preceded by psychopathology during adolescence.<h4>Methods</h4>Participants are members of a representative cohort of 1037 individuals born in Dunedin, New Zealand in 1972-73 and followed to age 45 years, with 94% retention. Adolescent mental disorders were assessed in three diagnostic assessments at ages 11, 13, and 15 years. Indicators of despair-related maladies across four domains - suicidality, substance misuse, sleep problems, and pain - were assessed at age 45 using multi-modal measures including self-report, informant-report, and national register data.<h4>Results</h4>We identified and validated a syndrome of despair-related maladies at midlife involving suicidality, substance misuse, sleep problems, and pain. Adults who exhibited a more severe syndrome of despair-related maladies at midlife tended to have had early-onset emotional and behavioral disorders [<i>β</i> = 0.23, 95% CI (0.16-0.30), <i>p</i> < 0.001], even after adjusting for sex, childhood SES, and childhood IQ. A more pronounced midlife despair syndrome was observed among adults who, as adolescents, were diagnosed with a greater number of mental disorders [<i>β</i> = 0.26, 95% CI (0.19-0.33), <i>p</i> < 0.001]. Tests of diagnostic specificity revealed that associations generalized across different adolescent mental disorders.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Midlife adults who exhibited a more severe syndrome of despair-related maladies tended to have had psychopathology as adolescents. Prevention and treatment of adolescent psychopathology may mitigate despair-related maladies at midlife and ultimately reduce deaths of despair.}, Doi = {10.1017/s0033291723001320}, Key = {fds373039} } @article{fds373038, Author = {Bourassa, KJ and Caspi, A and Brennan, GM and Hall, KS and Harrington, H and Houts, R and Kimbrel, NA and Poulton, R and Ramrakha, S and Taylor, GA and Moffitt, TE}, Title = {Which Types of Stress Are Associated With Accelerated Biological Aging? Comparing Perceived Stress, Stressful Life Events, Childhood Adversity, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.}, Journal = {Psychosom Med}, Volume = {85}, Number = {5}, Pages = {389-396}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000001197}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Stress and stressful events are associated with poorer health; however, there are multiple ways to conceptualize and measure stress and stress responses. One physiological mechanism through which stress could result in poorer health is accelerated biological aging. This study tested which types of stress were associated with accelerated biological aging in adulthood. METHODS: Studying 955 participants from the Dunedin Longitudinal Study, we tested whether four types of stress assessed from ages 32 to 45 years-perceived stress, number of stressful life events, adverse childhood experiences, and posttraumatic stress disorder-were associated with accelerated biological aging. RESULTS: Higher levels of all four measures of stress were significantly associated with accelerated aging in separate models. In a combined model, more perceived stress and more stressful life events remained associated with faster aging, and the stress measures explained 6.9% of the variance in aging. The magnitudes of the associations between the four measures of stress and biological aging were comparable to associations for smoking and low education, two established risk factors for accelerated aging. People with high levels of perceived stress, numerous adverse childhood experiences (4+), high stressful life event counts, or posttraumatic stress disorder were aging an additional estimated 2.4 months, 1.1 additional months, 1.4 months, and 1.4 months per year, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Assessing stress, particularly perceived stress, could help identify people at risk of accelerated aging. Intervening to treat stress or the health-relevant sequelae of stress could potentially slow the rate at which people are aging, improving their health as they age.}, Doi = {10.1097/PSY.0000000000001197}, Key = {fds373038} } %% Craig, Maureen A. @article{fds372821, Author = {Wallace, LE and Craig, MA and Wegener, DT}, Title = {Biased, but expert: Trade-offs in how stigmatized versus non-stigmatized advocates are perceived and consequences for persuasion}, Journal = {Journal of Experimental Social Psychology}, Volume = {110}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104519}, Abstract = {Stigmatized versus non-stigmatized people advocating on behalf of the stigmatized group are perceived as more biased, suggesting that they might be less effective advocates. Yet, research testing whether stigmatized or non-stigmatized advocates are more persuasive has yielded mixed results. The current work builds on previous research to clarify that this occurs because stigmatized advocates are also perceived as more expert on social justice issues. Six studies document these trade-offs in perceptions. Three studies demonstrate that stigmatized and non-stigmatized advocates seem not to differ in their effectiveness because while perceived expertise boosts the effectiveness of stigmatized advocates, perceived bias undermines it. This occurs both when people confront societal inequality and interpersonal prejudice. Despite the lack of difference in persuasiveness, people predict that the stigmatized advocate will be more effective, suggesting that observers may not recognize perceived bias's role in undermining effectiveness. The present findings differ not only from participants' lay theories, but also from conclusions commonly reached by reviews of the literature which suggest that stigmatized advocates may be less effective than their non-stigmatized counterparts. By examining a broader range of perceptions and effects on audience members' attitudes and intentions to behave consistently with advocacy, we provide a more complete view of these effects.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104519}, Key = {fds372821} } @article{fds374969, Author = {Brown, RM and Dietze, P and Craig, MA}, Title = {Highlighting health consequences of racial disparities sparks support for action.}, Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)}, Volume = {382}, Number = {6677}, Pages = {1394-1398}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adh4262}, Abstract = {Racial disparities arise across many vital areas of American life, including employment, health, and interpersonal treatment. For example, one in three Black children lives in poverty (versus one in nine white children), and, on average, Black Americans live four fewer years compared with white Americans. Which disparity is more likely to spark reduction efforts? We find that highlighting disparities in health-related (versus economic) outcomes spurs greater social media engagement and support for disparity-mitigating policy. Further, reading about racial health disparities elicits greater support for action (e.g., protesting) compared with economic- or belonging-based disparities. This occurs in part because people view health disparities as violating morally sacred values, which enhances perceived injustice. This work elucidates which manifestations of racial inequality are most likely to prompt Americans to action.}, Doi = {10.1126/science.adh4262}, Key = {fds374969} } @article{fds371153, Author = {Brown, RM and Craig, MA}, Title = {Understanding tactical responses to social problems through the lens of regulatory scope}, Journal = {Nature Reviews Psychology}, Volume = {2}, Number = {7}, Pages = {440-449}, Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s44159-023-00184-x}, Abstract = {People may address societal problems either by engaging in collective action, aiming to change underlying structural systems, or by engaging in prosocial behaviours, aiming to help those affected. In this Perspective, we draw on construal level theory and regulatory scope theory to understand how people might choose to mitigate social problems. Specifically, we propose that people pursue solutions that alleviate the suffering of those affected by the problem (consequence-focused solutions) when they focus on lower-level or more psychologically proximal features and that they pursue solutions that address the underlying causes of the problem (cause-focused solutions) when they focus on higher-level or more psychologically distant features. Thus, people’s preferences for different solutions might be explained by understanding how people view the underlying problem. This framework explains the different ways people seek to address perceived social problems, providing insights into when and why people devote their time and energy to pursuing different forms of social action.}, Doi = {10.1038/s44159-023-00184-x}, Key = {fds371153} } %% Li, Rosa @article{fds369953, Author = {Li, R}, Title = {Children are adaptive decision-makers: how environment shapes decision preferences.}, Journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences}, Volume = {290}, Number = {1995}, Pages = {20222117}, Year = {2023}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2022.2117}, Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2022.2117}, Key = {fds369953} } %% Rendina, Danielle @article{fds371131, Author = {Amaral, WZ and Lubach, GR and Rendina, DN and Phillips, GJ and Lyte, M and Coe, CL}, Title = {Significant Microbial Changes Are Evident in the Reproductive Tract of Pregnant Rhesus Monkeys at Mid-Gestation but Their Gut Microbiome Does Not Shift until Late Gestation.}, Journal = {Microorganisms}, Volume = {11}, Number = {6}, Pages = {1481}, Publisher = {MDPI AG}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061481}, Abstract = {Vaginal and rectal specimens were obtained from cycling, pregnant, and nursing rhesus monkeys to assess pregnancy-related changes in the commensal bacteria in their reproductive and intestinal tracts. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, significant differences were found only in the vagina at mid-gestation, not in the hindgut. To verify the apparent stability in gut bacterial composition at mid-gestation, the experiment was repeated with additional monkeys, and similar results were found with both 16S rRNA gene amplicon and metagenomic sequencing. A follow-up study investigated if bacterial changes in the hindgut might occur later in pregnancy. Gravid females were assessed closer to term and compared to nonpregnant females. By late pregnancy, significant differences in bacterial composition, including an increased abundance of 4 species of <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Bifidobacterium adolescentis</i>, were detected, but without a shift in the overall community structure. Progesterone levels were assessed as a possible hormone mediator of bacterial change. The relative abundance of only some taxa (e.g., <i>Bifidobacteriaceae</i>) were specifically associated with progesterone. In summary, pregnancy changes the microbial profiles in monkeys, but the bacterial diversity in their lower reproductive tract is different from women, and the composition of their intestinal symbionts remains stable until late gestation when several Firmicutes become more prominent.}, Doi = {10.3390/microorganisms11061481}, Key = {fds371131} } @article{fds370894, Author = {Smith, CJ and Rendina, DN and Kingsbury, MA and Malacon, KE and Nguyen, DM and Tran, JJ and Devlin, BA and Raju, RM and Clark, MJ and Burgett, L and Zhang, JH and Cetinbas, M and Sadreyev, RI and Chen, K and Iyer, MS and Bilbo, SD}, Title = {Microbial modulation via cross-fostering prevents the effects of pervasive environmental stressors on microglia and social behavior, but not the dopamine system.}, Journal = {Molecular Psychiatry}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41380-023-02108-w}, Abstract = {Environmental toxicant exposure, including air pollution, is increasing worldwide. However, toxicant exposures are not equitably distributed. Rather, low-income and minority communities bear the greatest burden, along with higher levels of psychosocial stress. Both air pollution and maternal stress during pregnancy have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, but biological mechanisms and targets for therapeutic intervention remain poorly understood. We demonstrate that combined prenatal exposure to air pollution (diesel exhaust particles, DEP) and maternal stress (MS) in mice induces social behavior deficits only in male offspring, in line with the male bias in autism. These behavioral deficits are accompanied by changes in microglial morphology and gene expression as well as decreased dopamine receptor expression and dopaminergic fiber input in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Importantly, the gut-brain axis has been implicated in ASD, and both microglia and the dopamine system are sensitive to the composition of the gut microbiome. In line with this, we find that the composition of the gut microbiome and the structure of the intestinal epithelium are significantly shifted in DEP/MS-exposed males. Excitingly, both the DEP/MS-induced social deficits and microglial alterations in males are prevented by shifting the gut microbiome at birth via a cross-fostering procedure. However, while social deficits in DEP/MS males can be reversed by chemogenetic activation of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area, modulation of the gut microbiome does not impact dopamine endpoints. These findings demonstrate male-specific changes in the gut-brain axis following DEP/MS and suggest that the gut microbiome is an important modulator of both social behavior and microglia.}, Doi = {10.1038/s41380-023-02108-w}, Key = {fds370894} } %% Smith, Caroline @article{fds370893, Author = {Smith, CJ and Rendina, DN and Kingsbury, MA and Malacon, KE and Nguyen, DM and Tran, JJ and Devlin, BA and Raju, RM and Clark, MJ and Burgett, L and Zhang, JH and Cetinbas, M and Sadreyev, RI and Chen, K and Iyer, MS and Bilbo, SD}, Title = {Microbial modulation via cross-fostering prevents the effects of pervasive environmental stressors on microglia and social behavior, but not the dopamine system.}, Journal = {Molecular Psychiatry}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41380-023-02108-w}, Abstract = {Environmental toxicant exposure, including air pollution, is increasing worldwide. However, toxicant exposures are not equitably distributed. Rather, low-income and minority communities bear the greatest burden, along with higher levels of psychosocial stress. Both air pollution and maternal stress during pregnancy have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, but biological mechanisms and targets for therapeutic intervention remain poorly understood. We demonstrate that combined prenatal exposure to air pollution (diesel exhaust particles, DEP) and maternal stress (MS) in mice induces social behavior deficits only in male offspring, in line with the male bias in autism. These behavioral deficits are accompanied by changes in microglial morphology and gene expression as well as decreased dopamine receptor expression and dopaminergic fiber input in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Importantly, the gut-brain axis has been implicated in ASD, and both microglia and the dopamine system are sensitive to the composition of the gut microbiome. In line with this, we find that the composition of the gut microbiome and the structure of the intestinal epithelium are significantly shifted in DEP/MS-exposed males. Excitingly, both the DEP/MS-induced social deficits and microglial alterations in males are prevented by shifting the gut microbiome at birth via a cross-fostering procedure. However, while social deficits in DEP/MS males can be reversed by chemogenetic activation of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area, modulation of the gut microbiome does not impact dopamine endpoints. These findings demonstrate male-specific changes in the gut-brain axis following DEP/MS and suggest that the gut microbiome is an important modulator of both social behavior and microglia.}, Doi = {10.1038/s41380-023-02108-w}, Key = {fds370893} } @article{fds369663, Author = {Bilbo, S and Smith, C and Rendina, D and Kingsbury, M and Malacon, K and Nguyen, D and Tran, J and Devlin, B and Raju, R and Clark, M and Burgett, L and Zhang, J and Cetinbas, M and Sadreyev, R and Chen, K and Iyer, M}, Title = {Microbial modulation prevents the effects of pervasive environmental stressors on microglia and social behavior, but not the dopamine system.}, Journal = {Res Sq}, Year = {2023}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2548369/v1}, Abstract = {Environmental toxicant exposure, including air pollution, is increasing worldwide. However, toxicant exposures are not equitably distributed. Rather, low-income and minority communities bear the greatest burden, along with higher levels of psychosocial stress. Both air pollution and maternal stress during pregnancy have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, but biological mechanisms and targets for therapeutic intervention remain poorly understood. We demonstrate that combined prenatal exposure to air pollution (diesel exhaust particles, DEP) and maternal stress (MS) in mice induces social behavior deficits only in male offspring, in line with the male bias in autism. These behavioral deficits are accompanied by changes in microglial morphology and gene expression as well as decreased dopamine receptor expression and dopaminergic fiber input in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Importantly, the gut-brain axis has been implicated in ASD, and both microglia and the dopamine system are sensitive to the composition of the gut microbiome. In line with this, we find that the composition of the gut microbiome and the structure of the intestinal epithelium are significantly shifted in DEP/MS-exposed males. Excitingly, both the DEP/MS-induced social deficits and microglial alterations in males are prevented by shifting the gut microbiome at birth via a cross-fostering procedure. However, while social deficits in DEP/MS males can be reversed by chemogenetic activation of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area, modulation of the gut microbiome does not impact dopamine endpoints. These findings demonstrate male-specific changes in the gut-brain axis following DEP/MS and suggest that the gut microbiome is an important modulator of both social behavior and microglia.}, Doi = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-2548369/v1}, Key = {fds369663} } %% Van Cappellen, Patty @article{fds372239, Author = {Reece, GA and Van Tongeren and DR and Van Cappellen, P}, Title = {Eternal outgroups: Afterlife beliefs predict prejudice}, Journal = {Personality and Individual Differences}, Volume = {214}, Pages = {112352-112352}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2023.112352}, Abstract = {People express prejudice toward ideologically dissimilar groups. However, little research has explored (a) how specific beliefs, such as afterlife beliefs, relate to prejudice, (b) whether such beliefs can explain the known association between religiosity and prejudice toward value-threatening groups, and (c) the mechanisms through which afterlife beliefs predict prejudice. We addressed these questions by assessing individual differences in religious, spiritual, and secular afterlife beliefs and attitudes toward religious and political groups. Across four studies (N = 3996 U.S. adults), we find evidence supporting a group exclusion hypothesis: religious and secular afterlife beliefs predict prejudice toward value-incongruent groups (even after controlling for religiosity). We also find some evidence that religious afterlife beliefs explain the association between religiosity and prejudice against value-threatening groups. Finally, we find moderate support for an existential anxiety buffer hypothesis, wherein some afterlife beliefs predict increased peace of mind, reduced death anxiety, and in turn, reduced prejudice.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.paid.2023.112352}, Key = {fds372239} } @article{fds365925, Author = {Van Cappellen and P and Edwards, ME and Shiota, MN}, Title = {Shades of expansiveness: Postural expression of dominance, high-arousal positive affect, and warmth.}, Journal = {Emotion}, Volume = {23}, Number = {4}, Pages = {973-985}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/emo0001146}, Abstract = {In addition to the face, bodily posture plays an important role in communicating affective states. Postural expansion-how much space the body takes up-has been much studied as expressing and signaling dominance and pride. The present research aimed to expand research on the range of affect dimensions and affect-laden personality characteristics that are expressed via expansiveness, investigating specific forms of expansiveness and their interactions with other postural elements (e.g., arm position). Using an innovative expression-production method, Study 1 (<i>N</i> = 146) characterized full-body expressions of dominance, joy, hope, and awe; results indicated joy is communicated most expansively and suggested a signature arm position for most feelings. Studies 2 and 3 (<i>N</i>s = 352 and 183) revealed that other postural features interact with expansiveness to signal dominance (arms akimbo, head raised, stability), as distinct from high-arousal positive affect (arms high up, head raised) and warmth (arms high up, head raised, instability). Together, this research adds needed data on full-body expressions of positive affect states and provides systematic analysis of different affective messages and varieties of postural expansiveness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/emo0001146}, Key = {fds365925} } %% Weeks, Molly @misc{fds376036, Author = {Cerda-Smith, J and Yust, PKS and Weeks, MS and Asher, SR and Mulvey, KL}, Title = {A Novel Approach for Evaluating a Schoolwide Antiracist Curriculum Intervention}, Journal = {AERA Open}, Volume = {10}, Publisher = {SAGE Publications}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23328584231223476}, Abstract = {This manuscript describes our effort to apply a novel approach to understanding student outcomes associated with a schoolwide antiracist intervention. We report a multimethod quantitative approach to evaluate a 10-week antiracist intervention designed and implemented by school staff by examining patterns of student intervention engagement and measures of key constructs that connect to antiracism, psychological well-being, and school connectedness. Our novel approach combines schoolwide surveys with smaller samples of daily diary participants, documenting variation in intervention engagement and examining postintervention outcomes. Our findings are limited by high attrition rates, small sample size, and data collection during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, our methods offer a promising transferable approach to evaluate school-based antiracist interventions by examining patterns and predictors of intervention engagement, as well as daily fluctuations in student experience throughout the intervention period.}, Doi = {10.1177/23328584231223476}, Key = {fds376036} } @misc{fds371265, Author = {Yust, PKS and Weeks, MS and Williams, GA and Asher, SR}, Title = {Social relationship provisions and loneliness in school: Child- and classroom-level effects.}, Journal = {Journal of school psychology}, Volume = {99}, Pages = {101218}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {2023}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2023.05.001}, Abstract = {Building on social needs theory (Weiss, 1974), this study introduces the construct of classroom provision richness and examines the association between the exchange of social provisions among children in classrooms and children's feelings of loneliness in school. We examined the receipt of provisions from reciprocally nominated friends versus unilateral (one-sided) and non-friend classmates and examined associations between social provisions and loneliness at the child and classroom levels. Participants were 998 third- through fifth-grade children (468 girls, 530 boys; 88.5% White) in 38 classrooms who indicated which classmates they played with, helped, validated, and provided opportunities for self-disclosure. In addition to the social provisions nomination measure, children responded to (a) a measure of loneliness that avoided content overlapping with social provisions, (b) a rating-scale sociometric measure of peer acceptance, and (c) a measure that asked them to indicate which classmates engaged in prosocial, aggressive, or withdrawn-type behaviors. Multilevel analyses indicated that social provisions received from reciprocal friends and from unilateral-received friends were associated with children's feelings of loneliness in school. Furthermore, a measure of the provision richness of classrooms moderated the association between child-level provisions received and feelings of loneliness, such that children who received fewer provisions were less lonely in classrooms that were more provision-rich. Classroom provision richness was also associated with the general level of prosocial behavior and peer acceptance in the classroom. Together, findings suggest that efforts to foster the exchange of social provisions in classrooms could reduce loneliness and facilitate a more caring classroom environment.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jsp.2023.05.001}, Key = {fds371265} } | |
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