Psychology and Neuroscience
Arts & Sciences
Duke University
| |
Faculty Database Psychology and Neuroscience Arts & Sciences Duke University |
|
| HOME > Arts & Sciences > pn > Faculty | Search Help Login |
|
| Publications of adrian c. angold :chronological alphabetical combined listing:
%% Journal Articles
@article{fds344702,
Author = {Copeland, WE and Worthman, C and Shanahan, L and Costello, EJ and Angold, A},
Title = {Early Pubertal Timing and Testosterone Associated With
Higher Levels of Adolescent Depression in
Girls.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {58},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1197-1206},
Year = {2019},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2019.02.007},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of depression increases
dramatically during puberty in girls. Earlier work in this
sample reported that the sex steroids estradiol and
testosterone were associated with increased depression in
girls. Using three additional data waves (983 new
observations), we retest the relative contributions of
pubertal timing, pubertal status, and sex hormones on the
increases in female depression. METHOD: Eight waves of data
from the prospective, representative Great Smoky Mountains
Study were used covering female participants in the
community who were 9 to 16 years of age (3,005 assessments
of 630 girls; 1993-2000). Structured interviews assessed
depressive disorders. Youth rated their pubertal status
using Tanner stage drawings, and sex steroids were assayed
from dried blood spots. RESULTS: Risk for depression during
puberty was associated with both age and Tanner stage in
univariate models. In adjusted models accounting for
pubertal timing and sex steroids, the apparent effects of
age and Tanner stage were attenuated both in terms of
statistical significance and effect size. The only
significant predictors of change in depression status during
puberty were early pubertal timing (odds ratio = 5.8, 95%
CI = 1.9-17.9, p = .002 after age 12 years) and higher
testosterone levels (odds ratio = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.1-3.8,
p = .03 for quartile-split variable). CONCLUSION: The added
observations have modified the original conclusions,
implicating the following: testosterone only, but not
estradiol; and early pubertal timing, but not age or
pubertal status per se. These findings argue for multiple
pubertal determinants of depression risk, including factors
that are socially and biologically mediated.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2019.02.007},
Key = {fds344702}
}
@article{fds322746,
Author = {Costello, EJ and Copeland, W and Angold, A},
Title = {The Great Smoky Mountains Study: developmental epidemiology
in the southeastern United States.},
Journal = {Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol},
Volume = {51},
Number = {5},
Pages = {639-646},
Year = {2016},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-015-1168-1},
Abstract = {AIMS: To describe the Great Smoky Mountains Study (GSMS).
METHODS: GSMS is a longitudinal study of child psychiatric
disorders that began in 1992 to look at need for mental
health services in a rural area of the USA. Over 20 years it
has expanded its range to include developmental epidemiology
more generally, not only the development of psychiatric and
substance abuse problems but also their correlates and
predictors: family and environmental risk, physical
development including puberty, stress and stress-related
hormones, trauma, the impact of poverty, genetic markers,
and epigenetics. Now that participants are in their 30s the
focus has shifted to adult outcomes of childhood
psychopathology and risk, and early physical, cognitive, and
psychological markers of aging. RESULTS: This paper
describes the results from over 11,000 interviews, examples
of the study's contributions to science and policy, and
plans for the future. CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal studies can
provide insights that aid in policy planning.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00127-015-1168-1},
Key = {fds322746}
}
@article{fds270273,
Author = {Zucker, N and Copeland, W and Franz, L and Carpenter, K and Keeling, L and Angold, A and Egger, H},
Title = {Psychological and Psychosocial Impairment in Preschoolers
With Selective Eating.},
Journal = {Pediatrics},
Volume = {136},
Number = {3},
Pages = {e582-e590},
Year = {2015},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0031-4005},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-2386},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We examined the clinical significance of moderate
and severe selective eating (SE). Two levels of SE were
examined in relation to concurrent psychiatric symptoms and
as a risk factor for the emergence of later psychiatric
symptoms. Findings are intended to guide health care
providers to recognize when SE is a problem worthy of
intervention. METHODS: A population cohort sample of 917
children aged 24 to 71 months and designated caregivers were
recruited via primary care practices at a major medical
center in the Southeast as part of an epidemiologic study of
preschool anxiety. Caregivers were administered structured
diagnostic interviews (the Preschool Age Psychiatric
Assessment) regarding the child's eating and related
self-regulatory capacities, psychiatric symptoms,
functioning, and home environment variables. A subset of 188
dyads were assessed a second time ∼24.7 months from the
initial assessment. RESULTS: Both moderate and severe levels
of SE were associated with psychopathological symptoms
(anxiety, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder) both concurrently and prospectively. However, the
severity of psychopathological symptoms worsened as SE
became more severe. Impairment in family functioning was
reported at both levels of SE, as was sensory sensitivity in
domains outside of food and the experience of food aversion.
CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that health care providers
should intervene at even moderate levels of SE. SE
associated with impairment in function should now be
diagnosed as avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, an
eating disorder that encapsulates maladaptive food
restriction, which is new to the Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition.},
Doi = {10.1542/peds.2014-2386},
Key = {fds270273}
}
@article{fds270275,
Author = {Adkins, DE and Clark, SL and Copeland, WE and Kennedy, M and Conway, K and Angold, A and Maes, H and Liu, Y and Kumar, G and Erkanli, A and Patkar,
AA and Silberg, J and Brown, TH and Fergusson, DM and Horwood, LJ and Eaves, L and van den Oord, EJCG and Sullivan, PF and Costello,
EJ},
Title = {Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Alcohol
Consumption Across Youth and Early Adulthood.},
Journal = {Twin Research and Human Genetics : the Official Journal of
the International Society for Twin Studies},
Volume = {18},
Number = {4},
Pages = {335-347},
Year = {2015},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {1832-4274},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2015.36},
Abstract = {The public health burden of alcohol is unevenly distributed
across the life course, with levels of use, abuse, and
dependence increasing across adolescence and peaking in
early adulthood. Here, we leverage this temporal patterning
to search for common genetic variants predicting
developmental trajectories of alcohol consumption.
Comparable psychiatric evaluations measuring alcohol
consumption were collected in three longitudinal community
samples (N=2,126, obs=12,166). Consumption-repeated
measurements spanning adolescence and early adulthood were
analyzed using linear mixed models, estimating individual
consumption trajectories, which were then tested for
association with Illumina 660W-Quad genotype data (866,099
SNPs after imputation and QC). Association results were
combined across samples using standard meta-analysis
methods. Four meta-analysis associations satisfied our
pre-determined genome-wide significance criterion (FDR<0.1)
and six others met our 'suggestive' criterion (FDR<0.2).
Genome-wide significant associations were highly biological
plausible, including associations within GABA transporter 1,
SLC6A1 (solute carrier family 6, member 1), and exonic hits
in LOC100129340 (mitofusin-1-like). Pathway analyses
elaborated single marker results, indicating significant
enriched associations to intuitive biological mechanisms,
including neurotransmission, xenobiotic pharmacodynamics,
and nuclear hormone receptors (NHR). These findings
underscore the value of combining longitudinal behavioral
data and genome-wide genotype information in order to study
developmental patterns and improve statistical power in
genomic studies.},
Doi = {10.1017/thg.2015.36},
Key = {fds270275}
}
@article{fds270276,
Author = {Copeland, WE and Shanahan, L and Davis, M and Burns, BJ and Angold, A and Costello, EJ},
Title = {Increase in untreated cases of psychiatric disorders during
the transition to adulthood.},
Journal = {Psychiatr Serv},
Volume = {66},
Number = {4},
Pages = {397-403},
Year = {2015},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1075-2730},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201300541},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: During the transition to adulthood, youths face
challenges that may limit their likelihood of obtaining
services for psychiatric problems. The goal of this analysis
was to estimate changes in rates of service use and
untreated psychiatric disorders during the transition from
adolescence to adulthood. METHODS: In a prospective,
population-based study, participants were assessed up to
four times in adolescence (ages 13-16; 3,983 observations of
1,297 participants, 1993-2000) and three times in young
adulthood (ages 19, 21, and 24-26; 3,215 observations of
1,273 participants, 1999-2010). Structured diagnostic
interviews were used to assess service need (participants
meeting DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for a psychiatric
disorder) and use of behavioral services in 21 service
settings in the past three months. RESULTS: During young
adulthood, 28.9% of cases of psychiatric disorders were
associated with some treatment, compared with a rate of
50.9% for the same participants during adolescence. This
decrease included a near-complete drop in use of educational
and vocational services as well as declines in use of
specialty behavioral services. Young adults most frequently
accessed services in specialty behavioral or general medical
settings. Males, African Americans, participants with
substance dependence, and participants living independently
were least likely to get treatment. For cases of psychiatric
disorders among young adults, insurance and poverty status
were unrelated to likelihood of service use. CONCLUSIONS:
Young adults were much less likely to receive treatment for
psychiatric problems than they were as adolescents. Public
policy must address gaps in service use during the
transition to adulthood.},
Doi = {10.1176/appi.ps.201300541},
Key = {fds270276}
}
@article{fds270274,
Author = {Carpenter, KLH and Angold, A and Chen, N-K and Copeland, WE and Gaur, P and Pelphrey, K and Song, AW and Egger, HL},
Title = {Preschool anxiety disorders predict different patterns of
amygdala-prefrontal connectivity at school-age.},
Journal = {Plos One},
Volume = {10},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e0116854},
Year = {2015},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9486 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: In this prospective, longitudinal study of young
children, we examined whether a history of preschool
generalized anxiety, separation anxiety, and/or social
phobia is associated with amygdala-prefrontal dysregulation
at school-age. As an exploratory analysis, we investigated
whether distinct anxiety disorders differ in the patterns of
this amygdala-prefrontal dysregulation. METHODS:
Participants were children taking part in a 5-year study of
early childhood brain development and anxiety disorders.
Preschool symptoms of generalized anxiety, separation
anxiety, and social phobia were assessed with the Preschool
Age Psychiatric Assessment (PAPA) in the first wave of the
study when the children were between 2 and 5 years old. The
PAPA was repeated at age 6. We conducted functional MRIs
when the children were 5.5 to 9.5 year old to assess neural
responses to viewing of angry and fearful faces. RESULTS: A
history of preschool social phobia predicted less school-age
functional connectivity between the amygdala and the ventral
prefrontal cortices to angry faces. Preschool generalized
anxiety predicted less functional connectivity between the
amygdala and dorsal prefrontal cortices in response to
fearful faces. Finally, a history of preschool separation
anxiety predicted less school-age functional connectivity
between the amygdala and the ventral prefrontal cortices to
angry faces and greater school-age functional connectivity
between the amygdala and dorsal prefrontal cortices to angry
faces. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that there are
enduring neurobiological effects associated with a history
of preschool anxiety, which occur over-and-above the effect
of subsequent emotional symptoms. Our results also provide
preliminary evidence for the neurobiological differentiation
of specific preschool anxiety disorders.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0116854},
Key = {fds270274}
}
@article{fds270272,
Author = {Shanahan, L and Zucker, N and Copeland, WE and Costello, EJ and Angold,
A},
Title = {Are children and adolescents with food allergies at
increased risk for psychopathology?},
Journal = {J Psychosom Res},
Volume = {77},
Number = {6},
Pages = {468-473},
Year = {2014},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0022-3999},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.10.005},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Living with food allergy is a unique and
potentially life-threatening stressor that requires constant
vigilance to food-related stimuli, but little is known about
whether adolescents with food allergies are at increased
risk for psychopathology-concurrently and over time.
METHODS: Data came from the prospective-longitudinal Great
Smoky Mountains Study. Adolescents (N=1420) were recruited
from the community, and interviewed up to six times between
ages 10 and 16 for the purpose of the present analyses. At
each assessment, adolescents and one parent were interviewed
using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment,
resulting in N=5165 pairs of interviews. RESULTS:
Cross-sectionally, food allergies were associated with more
symptoms of separation and generalized anxiety, disorder,
attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, and anorexia
nervosa. Longitudinally, adolescents with food allergy
experienced increases in symptoms of generalized anxiety
disorder and depression from one assessment to the next.
Food allergies were not, however, associated with a higher
likelihood of meeting diagnostic criteria for a psychiatric
disorder. CONCLUSION: The unique constellation of
adolescents' increased symptoms of psychopathology in the
context of food allergy likely reflects an adaptive increase
in vigilance rather than cohesive syndromes of
psychopathology. Support and guidance from health care
providers is needed to help adolescents with food allergies
and their caregivers achieve an optimal balance between
necessary vigilance and hypervigilance and unnecessary
restriction.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.10.005},
Key = {fds270272}
}
@article{fds270278,
Author = {Copeland, WE and Shanahan, L and Egger, H and Angold, A and Costello,
EJ},
Title = {Adult diagnostic and functional outcomes of DSM-5 disruptive
mood dysregulation disorder.},
Journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry},
Volume = {171},
Number = {6},
Pages = {668-674},
Year = {2014},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0002-953X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13091213},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is
a new disorder for DSM-5 that is uncommon and frequently
co-occurs with other psychiatric disorders. Here, the
authors test whether meeting diagnostic criteria for this
disorder in childhood predicts adult diagnostic and
functional outcomes. METHOD: In a prospective,
population-based study, individuals were assessed with
structured interviews up to six times in childhood and
adolescence (ages 10 to 16 years; 5,336 observations of
1,420 youths) for symptoms of DMDD and three times in young
adulthood (ages 19, 21, and 24-26 years; 3,215 observations
of 1,273 young adults) for psychiatric and functional
outcomes (health, risky/illegal behavior,
financial/educational functioning, and social functioning).
RESULTS: Young adults with a history of childhood DMDD had
elevated rates of anxiety and depression and were more
likely to meet criteria for more than one adult disorder
relative to comparison subjects with no history of childhood
psychiatric disorders (noncases) or individuals meeting
criteria for psychiatric disorders other than DMDD in
childhood or adolescence (psychiatric comparison subjects).
Participants with a history of DMDD were more likely to have
adverse health outcomes, be impoverished, have reported
police contact, and have low educational attainment as
adults compared with either psychiatric or noncase
comparison subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term prognosis of
children with DMDD is one of pervasive impaired functioning
that in many cases is worse than that of other childhood
psychiatric disorders.},
Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13091213},
Key = {fds270278}
}
@article{fds270280,
Author = {Shanahan, L and Copeland, WE and Angold, A and Bondy, CL and Costello,
EJ},
Title = {Sleep problems predict and are predicted by generalized
anxiety/depression and oppositional defiant
disorder.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {53},
Number = {5},
Pages = {550-558},
Year = {2014},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2013.12.029},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We tested whether sleep problems co-occur with,
precede, and/or follow common psychiatric disorders during
childhood and adolescence. We also clarified the role of
comorbidity and tested for specificity of associations among
sleep problems and psychiatric disorders. METHOD: Data came
from the Great Smoky Mountains Study, a representative
population sample of 1,420 children, assessed 4 to 7 times
per person between ages 9 and 16 years for major Diagnostic
and Statistical Manual-Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) disorders and
sleep problems. Sleep-related symptoms were removed from
diagnostic criteria when applicable. RESULTS: Sleep problems
during childhood and adolescence were common, with restless
sleep and difficulty falling asleep being the most common
symptoms. Cross-sectional analyses showed that sleep
problems co-occurred with many psychiatric disorders.
Longitudinal analyses revealed that sleep problems predicted
increases in the prevalence of later generalized anxiety
disorder (GAD) and high GAD/depression symptoms, and
oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). In turn, GAD and/or
depression and ODD predicted increases in sleep problems
over time. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep problems both predict and are
predicted by a diagnostic cluster that includes ODD, GAD,
and depression. Screening children for sleep problems could
offer promising opportunities for reducing the burden of
mental illness during the early life course.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2013.12.029},
Key = {fds270280}
}
@article{fds270282,
Author = {Towe-Goodman, NR and Franz, L and Copeland, W and Angold, A and Egger,
H},
Title = {Perceived family impact of preschool anxiety
disorders.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {53},
Number = {4},
Pages = {437-446},
Year = {2014},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2013.12.017},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We examined the perceived impact of child anxiety
disorders on family functioning, because such impact is a
key predictor of mental health service receipt. In addition,
we examined the relative impact of preschool anxiety
compared to that of other early childhood disorders, and
whether this impact persisted after accounting for the
effects of comorbidity, or varied by child age and sex.
METHOD: Drawing from a pediatric primary-care clinic and
oversampling for children at risk for anxiety, 917 parents
of preschoolers (aged 2-5 years) completed a diagnostic
interview and reported on child psychiatric symptom impact
on family finances, relationships, activities, and
well-being. RESULTS: After accounting for comorbid
disorders, families of children with anxiety were 3.5 times
more likely to report a negative impact of their child's
behavior on the family relative to nondisordered children.
Generalized and separation anxiety had an impact on family
functioning similar to that of attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder and disruptive disorders. There was a significant
family impact for girls with social phobia, whereas there
was no impact for boys. CONCLUSIONS: Preschool anxiety has a
significant, unique impact on family functioning,
particularly parental adjustment, highlighting the family
impairment linked with early anxiety, and the need for
further research on barriers to care for these
disorders.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2013.12.017},
Key = {fds270282}
}
@article{fds270284,
Author = {Copeland, WE and Angold, A and Shanahan, L and Costello,
EJ},
Title = {Longitudinal patterns of anxiety from childhood to
adulthood: the Great Smoky Mountains Study.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {53},
Number = {1},
Pages = {21-33},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2013.09.017},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were 2-fold: to provide a
brief introduction to the prospective longitudinal Great
Smoky Mountains Study and review recent findings; and to use
this sample to conduct an epidemiologic analysis of common
childhood anxiety disorders. METHOD: The population-based
Great Smoky Mountains Study assessed 1,420 participants from
11 counties in the southeastern United States up to 11 times
between ages 9 and 26 years with the structured Child and
Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment and its upward extension,
the Young Adult Psychiatric Assessment. RESULTS: The
U-shaped age prevalence curve for any anxiety disorder was
the product of high levels of childhood separation anxiety
and adult panic, agoraphobia, and generalized anxiety. More
than 1 in 5 subjects met criteria for an anxiety disorder by
early adulthood. In terms of cumulative comorbidity, there
was evidence of overlap between anxiety disorders, but the
level of overlap was generally consistent with what is seen
among other common childhood disorders. All childhood
anxiety disorders were associated with adverse functioning
in at least 1 young adult functional domain, with the
poorest outcomes for childhood generalized anxiety and
DSM-III-R overanxious disorder. CONCLUSION: Clinically
significant anxiety is a common mental health problem to
have had by adulthood. There was little evidence to support
the consolidation of anxiety disorders, and some evidence to
justify reintroduction of DSM-III-R overanxious disorder.
The transition to young adulthood appears to be a key period
for understanding the development of common adult anxiety
disorders such as panic and agoraphobia.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2013.09.017},
Key = {fds270284}
}
@article{fds270285,
Author = {Franz, L and Angold, A and Copeland, W and Costello, EJ and Towe-Goodman, N and Egger, H},
Title = {Preschool anxiety disorders in pediatric primary care:
prevalence and comorbidity.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {52},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1294-1303.e1},
Year = {2013},
Month = {December},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24290462},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We sought to establish prevalence rates and
detail patterns of comorbidity for generalized anxiety
disorder, separation anxiety disorder, and social phobia in
preschool-aged children. METHOD: The Duke Preschool Anxiety
Study, a screen-stratified, cross-sectional study, drew from
pediatric primary care and oversampled for children at risk
for anxiety. A total of 917 parents of preschool children
(aged 2-5 years) completed the Preschool Age Psychiatric
Assessment. RESULTS: Generalized anxiety disorder,
separation anxiety disorder, and social phobia are common in
preschool-aged children attending pediatric primary care.
Three-fourths of preschoolers with an anxiety disorder only
had a single anxiety disorder. Generalized anxiety disorder
displayed the greatest degree of comorbidity: with
separation anxiety disorder (odds ratio [OR] = 4.1, 95% CI =
2.0-8.5), social phobia (OR = 6.4, 95% CI = 3.1-13.4),
disruptive behavior disorders (OR = 5.1, 95% CI = 1.6-15.8),
and depression (OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.1-12.4). CONCLUSIONS:
The weakness of association between generalized anxiety
disorder and depression stands in contrast to substantial
associations between these 2 disorders reported in older
individuals. Attenuated associations in preschool-aged
children could translate into clinical opportunities for
targeted early interventions, aimed at modifying the
developmental trajectory of anxiety disorders.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2013.09.008},
Key = {fds270285}
}
@article{fds270290,
Author = {Costello, EJ and Copeland, WE and Shanahan, L and Worthman, CM and Angold, A},
Title = {C-reactive protein and substance use disorders in
adolescence and early adulthood: a prospective
analysis.},
Journal = {Drug Alcohol Depend},
Volume = {133},
Number = {2},
Pages = {712-717},
Year = {2013},
Month = {December},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24099969},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Dysregulated immune function and elevated
inflammation markers are seen in adults with chronic
diseases, including some psychiatric disorders, but evidence
on inflammation in the case of drug abuse is conflicting.
OBJECTIVE: To test the concurrent and predictive relations
between C-reactive protein (CRP) and use and abuse of
alcohol, nicotine and cannabis in a longitudinal, population
sample of adolescents and young adults, at the period of
highest increase in drug use. METHODS: Data from the
prospective population-based Great Smoky Mountains Study
(N=1420) were used, covering children in the community
assessed at ages 9-16, 19, and 21. Structured interviews
were used to assess substance abuse symptoms and DSM-IV
substance use disorders. Bloodspots were collected at each
assessment and assayed for CRP. RESULTS: CRP levels were
higher in the presence of nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis
use and nicotine dependence. In prospective analyses, higher
CRP levels predicted cannabis use and nicotine dependence,
and nicotine use predicted higher CRP levels, once
covariates were included in the models. Significant
covariates were age, race (American Indian), and obesity.
CONCLUSIONS: The inter-relationship of CRP and substance
abuse has implications for the later health risks associated
with early drug and alcohol use and abuse.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.08.027},
Key = {fds270290}
}
@article{fds270292,
Author = {Shanahan, L and Copeland, WE and Worthman, CM and Angold, A and Costello, EJ},
Title = {Children with both asthma and depression are at risk for
heightened inflammation.},
Journal = {J Pediatr},
Volume = {163},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1443-1447},
Year = {2013},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0022-3476},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.06.046},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To test whether children and adolescents with
co-occurring asthma and depression are at risk for elevated
inflammation-concurrently and at the next assessment. STUDY
DESIGN: Up to 6 yearly assessments per person from the
prospective, population-based Great Smoky Mountains Study (N
= 1420) were used, covering children in the community aged
10-16 years old. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP)
was assayed from annual bloodspot collections and provided
indicators of elevated inflammation at CRP > 1, CRP > 2, and
CRP > 3 mg/L. Depression was assessed with the Child and
Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment. Asthma was assessed using
a form adapted from the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention National Health Interview Survey. RESULTS:
Controlling common covariates of CRP, the co-occurrence of
asthma and depression predicted heightened CRP-concurrently
and at the next assessment. In turn, elevated CRP was
relatively stable from one assessment to the next.
CONCLUSIONS: The co-occurrence of asthma and depression in
childhood poses a risk for substantially elevated
inflammation concurrently and over time, which could
contribute to pathophysiological processes involved in the
development of additional chronic diseases and also to
asthma--related morbidity and mortality.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.06.046},
Key = {fds270292}
}
@article{fds270289,
Author = {Wolke, D and Copeland, WE and Angold, A and Costello,
EJ},
Title = {Impact of bullying in childhood on adult health, wealth,
crime, and social outcomes.},
Journal = {Psychol Sci},
Volume = {24},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1958-1970},
Year = {2013},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0956-7976},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797613481608},
Abstract = {Bullying is a serious problem for schools, parents, and
public-policymakers alike. Bullying creates risks of health
and social problems in childhood, but it is unclear if such
risks extend into adulthood. A large cohort of children was
assessed for bullying involvement in childhood and then
followed up in young adulthood in an assessment of health,
risky or illegal behavior, wealth, and social relationships.
Victims of childhood bullying, including those that bullied
others (bully-victims), were at increased risk of poor
health, wealth, and social-relationship outcomes in
adulthood even after we controlled for family hardship and
childhood psychiatric disorders. In contrast, pure bullies
were not at increased risk of poor outcomes in adulthood
once other family and childhood risk factors were taken into
account. Being bullied is not a harmless rite of passage but
throws a long shadow over affected people's lives.
Interventions in childhood are likely to reduce long-term
health and social costs.},
Doi = {10.1177/0956797613481608},
Key = {fds270289}
}
@article{fds270297,
Author = {Shanahan, L and Copeland, WE and Worthman, CM and Erkanli, A and Angold,
A and Costello, EJ},
Title = {Sex-differentiated changes in C-reactive protein from ages 9
to 21: the contributions of BMI and physical/sexual
maturation.},
Journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology},
Volume = {38},
Number = {10},
Pages = {2209-2217},
Year = {2013},
Month = {October},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23711900},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Sex differences in levels of C-reactive protein
(CRP) are well established in adulthood, but little is known
about when and why they emerge. Here, we tested longitudinal
models of CRP levels from ages 9 to 21, when marked physical
and behavioral changes could contribute to growing sex
disparities in CRP. METHODS: Data from the community-based
prospective-longitudinal Great Smoky Mountains Study
(N=1420) were used. Participants were 9-13 years old at
intake and were followed through age 21. High-sensitivity
C-reactive protein (CRP) was assayed from up to nine
bloodspot collections per person. BMI, physical/sexual
maturation, substance use, and control variables were
assessed during yearly interviews to age 16, and at ages 19
and 21. RESULTS: Multilevel models revealed that the
development of CRP in females was best described by a
quadratic trend: after slow increases in CRP until age 15,
the rate of increase accelerated thereafter. Changes in CRP
in males were best described by a smaller, linear increase.
After sex-differentiated associations with BMI,
physical/sexual maturation, and substance use variables had
been accounted for, increases in CRP after age 15 no longer
differed by sex. CONCLUSION: Physical/sexual maturation and
behavioral changes during adolescence could initiate
life-long sex disparities in CRP.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.04.010},
Key = {fds270297}
}
@article{fds270294,
Author = {Stringaris, A and Maughan, B and Copeland, WS and Costello, EJ and Angold, A},
Title = {Irritable mood as a symptom of depression in youth:
prevalence, developmental, and clinical correlates in the
Great Smoky Mountains Study.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {52},
Number = {8},
Pages = {831-840},
Year = {2013},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2013.05.017},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: DSM-IV grants episodic irritability an equal
status to low mood as a cardinal criterion for the diagnosis
of depression in youth, yet not in adults; however, evidence
for irritability as a major criterion of depression in youth
is lacking. This article examines the prevalence,
developmental characteristics, associations with
psychopathology, and longitudinal stability of irritable
mood in childhood and adolescent depression. METHOD: Data
from the prospective population-based Great Smoky Mountains
Study (N = 1,420) were used. We divided observations on 9-
to 16-year-olds who met criteria for a diagnosis of
depression into 3 groups: those with depressed mood and no
irritability, those with irritability and no depressed mood,
and those with both depressed and irritable mood. We
compared these groups using robust regression models on
adolescent characteristics and early adult (ages 19-21
years) depression outcomes. RESULTS: Depressed mood was the
most common cardinal mood in youth meeting criteria for
depression (58.7%), followed by the co-occurrence of
depressed and irritable mood (35.6%); irritable mood alone
was rare (5.7%). Youth with depressed and irritable mood
were similar in age and developmental stage to those with
depression, but had significantly higher rates of disruptive
disorders. The co-occurrence of depressed and irritable mood
was associated with higher risk for comorbid conduct
disorder in girls (gender-by-group interaction, F1,132 =
4.66, p = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Our study findings do not
support the use of irritability as a cardinal mood criterion
for depression. However, the occurrence of irritability in
youth depression is associated with increased risk of
disruptive behaviors, especially in girls.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2013.05.017},
Key = {fds270294}
}
@article{fds270302,
Author = {Copeland, WE and Adair, CE and Smetanin, P and Stiff, D and Briante, C and Colman, I and Fergusson, D and Horwood, J and Poulton, R and Costello,
EJ and Angold, A},
Title = {Diagnostic transitions from childhood to adolescence to
early adulthood.},
Journal = {The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied
Disciplines},
Volume = {54},
Number = {7},
Pages = {791-799},
Year = {2013},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23451804},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Quantifying diagnostic transitions across
development is needed to estimate the long-term burden of
mental illness. This study estimated patterns of diagnostic
transitions from childhood to adolescence and from
adolescence to early adulthood. METHODS: Patterns of
diagnostic transitions were estimated using data from three
prospective, longitudinal studies involving close to 20,000
observations of 3,722 participants followed across multiple
developmental periods covering ages 9-30. Common DSM
psychiatric disorders were assessed in childhood (ages 9-12;
two samples), adolescence (ages 13-18; three samples), and
early adulthood (ages 19 to age 32; three samples) with
structured psychiatric interviews and questionnaires.
RESULTS: Having a disorder at an early period was associated
with at least a threefold increase in odds for having a
disorder at a later period. Homotypic and heterotypic
transitions were observed for every disorder category. The
strongest evidence of continuity was seen for behavioral
disorders (particularly ADHD) with less evidence for
emotional disorders such as depression and anxiety. Limited
evidence was found in adjusted models for behavioral
disorders predicting later emotional disorders. Adult
substance disorders were preceded by behavioral disorders,
but not anxiety or depression. CONCLUSIONS: Having a
disorder in childhood or adolescence is a potent risk factor
for a range of psychiatric problems later in development.
These findings provide further support for prevention and
early life intervention efforts and suggest that treatment
at younger ages, while justified in its own right, may also
have potential to reduce the risk for disorders later in
development.},
Doi = {10.1111/jcpp.12062},
Key = {fds270302}
}
@article{fds270296,
Author = {Akee, R and Simeonova, E and Copeland, W and Angold, A and Costello,
EJ},
Title = {Young Adult Obesity and Household Income: Effects of
Unconditional Cash Transfers.},
Journal = {American Economic Journal: Applied Economics},
Volume = {5},
Number = {2},
Pages = {1-28},
Year = {2013},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1945-7782},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000316732800001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {We investigate the effect of household cash transfers during
childhood on young adult body mass indexes (BMI). The
effects of extra income differ depending on the household's
initial socioeconomic status (SES). Children from the
initially poorest households have a larger increase in BMI
relative to children from initially wealthier households.
Several alternative mechanisms are examined. Initial SES
holds up as the most likely channel behind the heterogeneous
effects of extra income on young adult BMI. (JEL D14, H23,
H75, I12, J13, J15).},
Doi = {10.1257/app.5.2.1},
Key = {fds270296}
}
@article{fds270298,
Author = {Costello, EJ and Eaves, L and Sullivan, P and Kennedy, M and Conway, K and Adkins, DE and Angold, A and Clark, SL and Erkanli, A and McClay, JL and Copeland, W and Maes, HH and Liu, Y and Patkar, AA and Silberg, J and van
den Oord, E},
Title = {Genes, environments, and developmental research: methods for
a multi-site study of early substance abuse.},
Journal = {Twin Research and Human Genetics : the Official Journal of
the International Society for Twin Studies},
Volume = {16},
Number = {2},
Pages = {505-515},
Year = {2013},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1832-4274},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23461817},
Abstract = {The importance of including developmental and environmental
measures in genetic studies of human pathology is widely
acknowledged, but few empirical studies have been published.
Barriers include the need for longitudinal studies that
cover relevant developmental stages and for samples large
enough to deal with the challenge of testing
gene-environment-development interaction. A solution to some
of these problems is to bring together existing data sets
that have the necessary characteristics. As part of the
National Institute on Drug Abuse-funded Gene-Environment-Development
Initiative, our goal is to identify exactly which genes,
which environments, and which developmental transitions
together predict the development of drug use and misuse.
Four data sets were used of which common characteristics
include (1) general population samples, including males and
females; (2) repeated measures across adolescence and young
adulthood; (3) assessment of nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis
use and addiction; (4) measures of family and environmental
risk; and (5) consent for genotyping DNA from blood or
saliva. After quality controls, 2,962 individuals provided
over 15,000 total observations. In the first
gene-environment analyses, of alcohol misuse and stressful
life events, some significant gene-environment and
gene-development effects were identified. We conclude that
in some circumstances, already collected data sets can be
combined for gene-environment and gene-development analyses.
This greatly reduces the cost and time needed for this type
of research. However, care must be taken to ensure careful
matching across studies and variables.},
Doi = {10.1017/thg.2013.6},
Key = {fds270298}
}
@article{fds270299,
Author = {Copeland, WE and Wolke, D and Angold, A and Costello,
EJ},
Title = {Adult psychiatric outcomes of bullying and being bullied by
peers in childhood and adolescence.},
Journal = {Jama Psychiatry},
Volume = {70},
Number = {4},
Pages = {419-426},
Year = {2013},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {2168-622X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.504},
Abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Both bullies and victims of bullying are at risk
for psychiatric problems in childhood, but it is unclear if
this elevated risk extends into early adulthood. OBJECTIVE:
To test whether bullying and/or being bullied in childhood
predicts psychiatric problems and suicidality in young
adulthood after accounting for childhood psychiatric
problems and family hardships. DESIGN: Prospective,
population-based study. SETTING: Community sample from 11
counties in Western North Carolina. PARTICIPANTS: A total of
1420 participants who had being bullied and bullying
assessed 4 to 6 times between the ages of 9 and 16 years.
Participants were categorized as bullies only, victims only,
bullies and victims (hereafter referred to as
bullies/victims), or neither. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:
Psychiatric outcomes, which included depression, anxiety,
antisocial personality disorder, substance use disorders,
and suicidality (including recurrent thoughts of death,
suicidal ideation, or a suicide attempt), were assessed in
young adulthood (19, 21, and 24-26 years) by use of
structured diagnostic interviews. RESULTS Victims and
bullies/victims had elevated rates of young adult
psychiatric disorders, but also elevated rates of childhood
psychiatric disorders and family hardships. After
controlling for childhood psychiatric problems or family
hardships, we found that victims continued to have a higher
prevalence of agoraphobia (odds ratio [OR], 4.6 [95% CI,
1.7-12.5]; P < .01), generalized anxiety (OR, 2.7 [95% CI,
1.1-6.3]; P < .001), and panic disorder (OR, 3.1 [95% CI,
1.5-6.5]; P < .01) and that bullies/victims were at
increased risk of young adult depression (OR, 4.8 [95% CI,
1.2-19.4]; P < .05), panic disorder (OR, 14.5 [95% CI,
5.7-36.6]; P < .001), agoraphobia (females only; OR, 26.7
[95% CI, 4.3-52.5]; P < .001), and suicidality (males only;
OR, 18.5 [95% CI, 6.2-55.1]; P < .001). Bullies were at risk
for antisocial personality disorder only (OR, 4.1 [95% CI,
1.1-15.8]; P < .04). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The effects
of being bullied are direct, pleiotropic, and long-lasting,
with the worst effects for those who are both victims and
bullies.},
Doi = {10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.504},
Key = {fds270299}
}
@article{fds270303,
Author = {Copeland, WE and Angold, A and Costello, EJ and Egger,
H},
Title = {Prevalence, comorbidity, and correlates of DSM-5 proposed
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.},
Journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry},
Volume = {170},
Number = {2},
Pages = {173-179},
Year = {2013},
Month = {February},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23377638},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: No empirical studies on the DSM-5 proposed
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder have yet been
published. This study estimated prevalence, comorbidity, and
correlates of this proposed disorder in the community.
METHOD: Prevalence rates were estimated using data from
three community studies involving 7,881 observations of
3,258 participants from 2 to 17 years old. Disruptive mood
dysregulation disorder was diagnosed using structured
psychiatric interviews. RESULTS: Three-month prevalence
rates for meeting criteria for disruptive mood dysregulation
disorder ranged from 0.8% to 3.3%, with the highest rate in
preschoolers. Rates dropped slightly with the strict
application of the exclusion criterion, but they were
largely unaffected by the application of onset and duration
criteria. Disruptive mood dysregulation co-occurred with all
common psychiatric disorders. The highest levels of
co-occurrence were with depressive disorders (odds ratios
between 9.9 and 23.5) and oppositional defiant disorder
(odds ratios between 52.9 and 103.0). Disruptive mood
dysregulation occurred with another disorder 62%-92% of the
time, and it occurred with both an emotional and a
behavioral disorder 32%-68% of the time. Affected children
displayed elevated rates of social impairments, school
suspension, service use, and poverty. CONCLUSIONS:
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is relatively
uncommon after early childhood, frequently co-occurs with
other psychiatric disorders, and meets common standards for
psychiatric "caseness." This disorder identifies children
with severe levels of both emotional and behavioral
dysregulation.},
Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12010132},
Key = {fds270303}
}
@article{fds270283,
Author = {Copeland, WE and Shanahan, L and Erkanli, A and Costello, EJ and Angold,
A},
Title = {Indirect comorbidity in childhood and adolescence.},
Journal = {Frontiers in Psychiatry},
Volume = {4},
Pages = {144},
Year = {2013},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00144},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Comorbidity between psychiatric disorders is
common, but pairwise associations between two disorders may
be explained by the presence of other diagnoses that are
associated with both disorders or "indirect" comorbidity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Comorbidities of common childhood
psychiatric disorders were tested in three community samples
of children ages 6-17 (8931 observations of 2965 subjects).
Psychiatric disorder status in all three samples was
assessed with the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric
Assessment. Indirect comorbidity was defined as A-B
associations that decreased from significance to
non-significance after adjusting for other disorders.
RESULTS: All tested childhood psychiatric disorders were
positively associated in bivariate analyses. After adjusting
for comorbidities, many associations involving a behavioral
disorder and an emotional disorder were attenuated
suggesting indirect comorbidity. Generalized anxiety and
depressive disorders displayed a very high level of overlap
(adjusted OR = 37.9). All analyses were rerun with
depressive disorders grouped with generalized anxiety
disorder in a single "distress disorders" category. In these
revised models, all associations between and emotional
disorder and a behavior disorder met our criteria for
indirect comorbidity except for the association of
oppositional defiant disorder with distress disorders
(OR = 11.3). Follow-up analyses suggested that the
indirect associations were primarily accounted for by
oppositional defiant disorder and the distress disorder
category. There was little evidence of either sex
differences or differences by developmental period.
CONCLUSION: After accounting for the overlap between
depressive disorders with generalized anxiety disorder,
direct comorbidity between emotional and behavioral
disorders was uncommon. When there was evidence of indirect
comorbidity, ODD, and distress disorders were the key
intermediary diagnoses accounting for the apparent
associations.},
Doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00144},
Key = {fds270283}
}
@article{fds270426,
Author = {Copeland, WE and Shanahan, L and Worthman, C and Angold, A and Costello,
EJ},
Title = {Generalized anxiety and C-reactive protein levels: a
prospective, longitudinal analysis.},
Journal = {Psychol Med},
Volume = {42},
Number = {12},
Pages = {2641-2650},
Year = {2012},
Month = {December},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22716910},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is highly
co-morbid with depression. Depression is associated with
elevated levels of the inflammation marker C-reactive
protein (CRP), cross-sectionally and over time. To date, no
studies have looked at the association between CRP and GAD.
METHOD: A total of nine waves of data from the prospective
population-based Great Smoky Mountains Study (n=1420) were
used, covering children in the community aged 9-16, 19 and
21 years old. Structured interviews were used at each
assessment to assess GAD symptoms, diagnosis and cumulative
episodes. Blood spots were collected and assayed for
high-sensitivity CRP levels. RESULTS: GAD was associated
with increased levels of CRP in bivariate cross-sectional
analyses. These bivariate associations, however, were
attenuated after accounting for demographic, substance-use
and health-related covariates. In longitudinal models, there
was little evidence that CRP predicted later GAD.
Associations from GAD to later CRP were attenuated in models
adjusted for health-related coavariates and there was
evidence that the GAD-CRP association was mediated by body
mass index (BMI) and medication use. CONCLUSIONS: Similar to
depression, GAD was associated with elevated levels of CRP,
but the effect of GAD on CRP levels was explained by the
effect of GAD on health-related behaviors such as BMI and
medication use. This study suggests differences in the
association between inflammation and depression and
GAD.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0033291712000554},
Key = {fds270426}
}
@article{fds270301,
Author = {Wichstrøm, L and Berg-Nielsen, TS and Angold,
A},
Title = {About 7% of 4-year-olds in Norway meet criteria for a
psychiatric diagnosis},
Journal = {Evidence Based Mental Health},
Volume = {15},
Number = {4},
Pages = {108},
Publisher = {BMJ},
Year = {2012},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1362-0347},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/eb-2012-100907},
Doi = {10.1136/eb-2012-100907},
Key = {fds270301}
}
@article{fds270425,
Author = {Copeland, WE and Angold, A and Shanahan, L and Dreyfuss, J and Dlamini,
I and Costello, EJ},
Title = {Predicting persistent alcohol problems: a prospective
analysis from the Great Smoky Mountain Study.},
Journal = {Psychol Med},
Volume = {42},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1925-1935},
Year = {2012},
Month = {September},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22153225},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Rates of alcohol disorders peak in late
adolescence and decrease substantially into the mid-20s. Our
aim was to identify risk factors that predict alcohol
problems that persist into the mid-20s. METHOD: Data are
from the prospective, population-based Great Smoky Mountains
Study (GSMS; n=1420), which followed children through late
adolescence and into young adulthood. Alcohol persisters
were defined as subjects with an alcohol disorder (abuse or
dependence) in late adolescence (ages 19 and 21 years) that
continued to meet criteria for an alcohol disorder at the
mid-20s assessment. RESULTS: The 3-month prevalence of
having an alcohol disorder (abuse or dependence) decreased
markedly from late adolescence into the mid-20s. A third of
late adolescents with an alcohol disorder continued to meet
criteria for an alcohol disorder in young adulthood (37 of
144 who met criteria in late adolescence). Risk factors for
persister status included multiple alcohol abuse criteria
during late adolescence but no alcohol dependence criteria.
Risk factors for persister status also included associated
features of alcohol dependence such as craving alcohol and
drinking to unconsciousness. Persister status was also
associated with depression, cannabis dependence and illicit
substance use, but not with other psychiatric disorders.
More than 90% of late adolescents with three or more of the
risk factors identified met criteria for a young adult
alcohol disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms of alcohol abuse,
not dependence, best predict long-term persistence of
alcohol problems. The set of risk factors identified may be
a useful screen for selective and indicated prevention
efforts.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0033291711002790},
Key = {fds270425}
}
@article{fds270423,
Author = {Wichstrøm, L and Berg-Nielsen, TS and Angold, A and Egger, HL and Solheim, E and Sveen, TH},
Title = {Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in preschoolers.},
Journal = {The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied
Disciplines},
Volume = {53},
Number = {6},
Pages = {695-705},
Year = {2012},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0021-9630},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02514.x},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Many disorders in childhood and adolescence
were already present in the preschool years. However, there
is little empirical research on the prevalence of
psychiatric disorders in young children. A true community
study using structured diagnostic tools has yet to be
published. METHODS: All children born in 2003 or 2004 in
the city of Trondheim, Norway, who attended the regular
community health check-up for 4-year-olds (97.2% of eligible
children) whose parents consented to take part in the study
(N = 2,475, 82.0%) were screened for behavioral and
emotional problems with the Strengths and Difficulties
Questionnaire (SDQ). A screen-stratified subsample of 1,250
children took part in a furthermore comprehensive study
including a structured diagnostic interview (the Preschool
Age Psychiatric Assessment, PAPA), which 995 parents (79.6%)
completed. RESULTS: The estimated population rate for
any psychiatric disorder (excluding encopresis - 6.4%) was
7.1%. The most common disorders were attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder (1.9%), oppositional defiant disorder
(1.8%), conduct disorder (0.7%), anxiety disorders (1.5%),
and depressive disorders (2.0%). Comorbidity among disorders
was common. More emotional and behavioral disorders were
seen in children whose parents did not live together and in
those of low socioeconomic status. Boys more often had
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and
depressive disorders than girls. CONCLUSIONS: The
prevalence of disorders among preschoolers was lower than in
previous studies from the USA. Comorbidity was frequent and
there was a male preponderance in ADHD and depression at
this early age. These results underscore the fact that the
most common disorders of childhood can already be diagnosed
in preschoolers. However, rates of disorder in Norway may be
lower than in the USA.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02514.x},
Key = {fds270423}
}
@article{fds270422,
Author = {Angold, A and Erkanli, A and Copeland, W and Goodman, R and Fisher, PW and Costello, EJ},
Title = {Psychiatric diagnostic interviews for children and
adolescents: a comparative study.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {51},
Number = {5},
Pages = {506-517},
Year = {2012},
Month = {May},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22525957},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To compare examples of three styles of
psychiatric interviews for youth: the Diagnostic Interview
Schedule for Children (DISC) ("respondent-based"), the Child
and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA)
("interviewer-based"), and the Development and Well-Being
Assessment (DAWBA) ("expert judgment"). METHOD: Roughly
equal numbers of males and females of white and African
American ethnicity, aged 9 to 12 and 13 to 16 years, were
recruited from primary care pediatric clinics. Participants
(N = 646) were randomly assigned to receive two of the three
interviews, in counterbalanced order. Five modules were
used: any depressive disorder, anxiety disorders,
oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. At two sessions
about 1 week apart, parent and child completed one of two
interviews plus five screening questionnaires. RESULTS: When
interviewed with the DAWBA, 17.7% of youth had one or more
diagnoses, compared with 47.1% (DISC) and 32.4% (CAPA). The
excess of DISC diagnoses was accounted for by specific
phobias. Agreement between interview pairs was 0.13 to 0.48
for DAWBA-DISC comparisons, 0.21 to 0.61 for DISC-CAPA
comparisons, and 0.23 to 0.48 for CAPA-DAWBA comparisons.
DAWBA-only cases were associated with higher parent-report
questionnaire scores than DISC/DAWBA cases, but equivalent
child-report scores. CONCLUSIONS: The DAWBA is shorter and
cases were probably more severe, making it a good choice for
clinical trials, but the user cannot examine the data in
detail. The DISC and CAPA are similar in length and training
needs. Either would be a better choice where false-negative
results must be avoided, as in case-control genetic studies,
or when researchers need to study individual symptoms in
detail.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2012.02.020},
Key = {fds270422}
}
@article{fds270424,
Author = {Copeland, WE and Shanahan, L and Worthman, C and Angold, A and Costello,
EJ},
Title = {Cumulative depression episodes predict later C-reactive
protein levels: a prospective analysis.},
Journal = {Biol Psychiatry},
Volume = {71},
Number = {1},
Pages = {15-21},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22047718},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Depression is associated with elevated levels of
the inflammation marker C-reactive protein (CRP); yet, the
direction of this association remains unclear. This study
tested bi-directional longitudinal associations between CRP
and depression in a sample of adolescents and young adults.
The study compared the effect of current depression with the
effect of cumulative episodes of depression over time.
METHODS: Nine waves of data from the prospective
population-based Great Smoky Mountains Study (n = 1420) were
used, covering children in the community aged 9 to 16, 19,
and 21 years old. Structured interviews were used to assess
depressive symptoms, depression diagnosis, and cumulative
depressive episodes. Bloodspots were collected at each
observation and assayed for CRP levels. RESULTS: CRP levels
were not associated with later depression status. In
contrast, all depression-related variables displayed
evidence of association with later CRP levels. The
associations with depressive symptoms and diagnostic status
were attenuated after controlling for covariates,
particularly body mass index, smoking, and medication use.
The effect of cumulative depressive episodes, however,
continued to be significant after accounting for a range of
covariates. Body mass index, smoking behavior, and recent
infections may mediate a portion of the effect of cumulative
episodes on later CRP, but cumulative depressive episodes
continued to predict CRP levels independently. CONCLUSIONS:
The occurrence of multiple depressive episodes exerted the
greatest effect on later CRP levels. This suggests that risk
for the diseases of middle and old age--cardiovascular and
metabolic disease--may begin in childhood and depend, in
part, on long-term emotional functioning.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.09.023},
Key = {fds270424}
}
@article{fds270420,
Author = {Shanahan, L and Copeland, WE and Costello, EJ and Angold,
A},
Title = {Child-, adolescent- and young adult-onset depressions:
differential risk factors in development?},
Journal = {Psychol Med},
Volume = {41},
Number = {11},
Pages = {2265-2274},
Year = {2011},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0033-2917},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291711000675},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Previous research reported that childhood
adversity predicts juvenile- onset but not adult-onset
depression, but studies confounded potentially genuine
differences in adversity with differences in the recency
with which adversity was experienced. The current study
paper took into account the recency of risk when testing for
differences among child-, adolescent- and young adult-onset
depressions. METHOD: Up to nine waves of data were used per
subject from two cohorts of the Great Smoky Mountains Study
(GSMS; n=1004), covering children in the community aged
9-16, 19 and 21 years. Youth and one of their parents were
interviewed using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric
Assessment (CAPA) between ages 9 and 16; these same youth
were interviewed using the Young Adult Psychiatric
Assessment (YAPA) at ages 19 and 21. The most common
psychosocial risk factors for depression were assessed:
poverty, life events, parental psychopathology,
maltreatment, and family dysfunction. RESULTS: Consistent
with previous research, most childhood psychosocial risk
factors were more strongly associated with child-onset than
with adolescent-/adult-onset depression. When potentially
genuine risk differences among the depression-onset groups
were disentangled from differences due to the recency of
risk, child- and young adult-onset depression were no longer
different from one another. Adolescent-onset depression was
associated with few psychosocial risk factors. CONCLUSIONS:
There were no differences in putative risk factors between
child- and young adult-onset depression when the recency of
risk was taken into account. Adolescent-onset depression was
associated with few psychosocial risk factors. It is
possible that some adolescent-onset depression cases differ
in terms of risk from child- and young adult-onset
depression.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0033291711000675},
Key = {fds270420}
}
@article{fds270421,
Author = {Costello, EJ and Copeland, W and Angold, A},
Title = {Trends in psychopathology across the adolescent years: what
changes when children become adolescents, and when
adolescents become adults?},
Journal = {The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied
Disciplines},
Volume = {52},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1015-1025},
Year = {2011},
Month = {October},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21815892},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Little is known about changes in the prevalence
of psychiatric disorders between childhood and adolescence,
and adolescence and adulthood. METHODS: We reviewed papers
reporting prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders
separately for childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood.
Both longitudinal and cross-sectional papers published in
the past 15 years were included. RESULTS: About one
adolescent in five has a psychiatric disorder. From
childhood to adolescence there is an increase in rates of
depression, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and substance use
disorders (SUD), and a decrease in separation anxiety
disorder (SAD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD). From adolescence to early adulthood there is a
further increase in panic disorder, agoraphobia, and SUD,
and a further decrease in SAD and ADHD. Other phobias and
disruptive behavior disorders also fall. CONCLUSIONS:
Further study of changes in rates of disorder across
developmental stages could inform etiological research and
guide interventions.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02446.x},
Key = {fds270421}
}
@article{fds270418,
Author = {Egger, HL and Pine, DS and Nelson, E and Leibenluft, E and Ernst, M and Towbin, KE and Angold, A},
Title = {The NIMH Child Emotional Faces Picture Set (NIMH-ChEFS): a
new set of children's facial emotion stimuli.},
Journal = {Int J Methods Psychiatr Res},
Volume = {20},
Number = {3},
Pages = {145-156},
Year = {2011},
Month = {September},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22547297},
Abstract = {With the emergence of new technologies, there has been an
explosion of basic and clinical research on the affective
and cognitive neuroscience of face processing and emotion
perception. Adult emotional face stimuli are commonly used
in these studies. For developmental research, there is a
need for a validated set of child emotional faces. This
paper describes the development of the National Institute of
Mental Health Child Emotional Faces Picture Set
(NIMH-ChEFS), a relatively large stimulus set with high
quality, color images of the emotional faces of children.
The set includes 482 photographs of fearful, angry, happy,
sad and neutral child faces with two gaze conditions: direct
and averted gaze. In this paper we describe the development
of the NIMH-ChEFS and data on the set's validity based on
ratings by 20 healthy adult raters. Agreement between the a
priori emotion designation and the raters' labels was high
and comparable with values reported for commonly used adult
picture sets. Intensity, representativeness, and composite
"goodness" ratings are also presented to guide researchers
in their choice of specific stimuli for their studies. These
data should give researchers confidence in the NIMH-ChEFS's
validity for use in affective and social neuroscience
research.},
Doi = {10.1002/mpr.343},
Key = {fds270418}
}
@article{fds270417,
Author = {Copeland, WE and Sun, H and Costello, EJ and Angold, A and Heilig, MA and Barr, CS},
Title = {Child μ-opioid receptor gene variant influences
parent-child relations.},
Journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology},
Volume = {36},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1165-1170},
Year = {2011},
Month = {May},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21326192},
Abstract = {Variation in the μ-opioid receptor gene has been associated
with early social behavior in mice and rhesus macaques. The
current study tested whether the functional OPRM1 A118G
predicted various indices of social relations in children.
The sample included 226 subjects of self-reported European
ancestry (44% female; mean age 13.6, SD=2.2) who were part
of a larger representative study of children aged 9-17 years
in rural North Carolina. Multiple aspects of recent (past 3
months) parent-child relationship were assessed using the
Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment. Parent problems
were coded based upon a lifetime history of mental health
problems, substance abuse, or criminality. Child genotype
interacted with parent behavior such that there were no
genotype differences for those with low levels of parent
problems; however, when a history of parent problems was
reported, the G allele carriers had more enjoyment of
parent-child interactions (mean ratio (MR)=3.5, 95% CI=1.6,
8.0) and fewer arguments (MR=3.1, 95% CI=1.1, 8.9). These
findings suggest a role for the OPRM1 gene in the genetic
architecture of social relations in humans. In summary, a
variant in the μ-opioid receptor gene (118G) was associated
with improved parent-child relations, but only in the
context of a significant disruption in parental
functioning.},
Doi = {10.1038/npp.2010.251},
Key = {fds270417}
}
@article{fds270419,
Author = {Lau, JY and Britton, JC and Nelson, EE and Angold, A and Ernst, M and Goldwin, M and Grillon, C and Leibenluft, E and Lissek, S and Norcross,
M and Shiffrin, N and Pine, DS},
Title = {Distinct neural signatures of threat learning in adolescents
and adults.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {108},
Number = {11},
Pages = {4500-4505},
Year = {2011},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1005494108},
Abstract = {Most teenage fears subside with age, a change that may
reflect brain maturation in the service of refined fear
learning. Whereas adults clearly demarcate safe situations
from real dangers, attenuating fear to the former but not
the latter, adolescents' immaturity in prefrontal cortex
function may limit their ability to form clear-cut threat
categories, allowing pervasive fears to manifest. Here we
developed a discrimination learning paradigm that assesses
the ability to categorize threat from safety cues to test
these hypotheses on age differences in neurodevelopment. In
experiment 1, we first demonstrated the capacity of this
paradigm to generate threat/safety discrimination learning
in both adolescents and adults. Next, in experiment 2, we
used this paradigm to compare the behavioral and neural
correlates of threat/safety discrimination learning in
adolescents and adults using functional MRI. This second
experiment yielded three sets of findings. First, when
labeling threats online, adolescents reported less
discrimination between threat and safety cues than adults.
Second, adolescents were more likely than adults to engage
early-maturing subcortical structures during threat/safety
discrimination learning. Third, adults' but not adolescents'
engagement of late-maturing prefrontal cortex regions
correlated positively with fear ratings during threat/safety
discrimination learning. These data are consistent with the
role of dorsolateral regions during category learning,
particularly when differences between stimuli are subtle
[Miller EK, Cohen JD (2001) Annu Rev Neurosci 24:167-202].
These findings suggest that maturational differences in
subcortical and prefrontal regions between adolescent and
adult brains may relate to age-related differences in
threat/safety discrimination.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1005494108},
Key = {fds270419}
}
@article{fds270416,
Author = {Copeland, W and Shanahan, L and Costello, EJ and Angold,
A},
Title = {Cumulative prevalence of psychiatric disorders by young
adulthood: a prospective cohort analysis from the Great
Smoky Mountains Study.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {50},
Number = {3},
Pages = {252-261},
Year = {2011},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21334565},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: No longitudinal studies beginning in childhood
have estimated the cumulative prevalence of psychiatric
illness from childhood into young adulthood. The objective
of this study was to estimate the cumulative prevalence of
psychiatric disorders by young adulthood and to assess how
inclusion of not otherwise specified diagnoses affects
cumulative prevalence estimates. METHOD: The prospective,
population-based Great Smoky Mountains Study assessed 1,420
participants up to nine times from 9 through 21 years of age
from 11 counties in the southeastern United States. Common
psychiatric disorders were assessed in childhood and
adolescence (ages 9 to 16 years) with the Child and
Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment and in young adulthood
(ages 19 and 21 years) with the Young Adult Psychiatric
Assessment. Cumulative prevalence estimates were derived
from multiple imputed datasets. RESULTS: By 21 years of age,
61.1% of participants had met criteria for a well-specified
psychiatric disorder. An additional 21.4% had met criteria
for a not otherwise specified disorder only, increasing the
total cumulative prevalence for any disorder to 82.5%. Male
subjects had higher rates of substance and disruptive
behavior disorders compared with female subjects; therefore,
they were more likely to meet criteria for a well-specified
disorder (67.8% vs 56.7%) or any disorder (89.1% vs 77.8%).
Children with a not otherwise specified disorder only were
at increased risk for a well-specified young adult disorder
compared with children with no disorder in childhood.
CONCLUSIONS: Only a small percentage of young people meet
criteria for a DSM disorder at any given time, but most do
by young adulthood. As with other medical illness,
psychiatric illness is a nearly universal
experience.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2010.12.014},
Key = {fds270416}
}
@article{fds270414,
Author = {Rowe, R and Costello, EJ and Angold, A and Copeland, WE and Maughan,
B},
Title = {Developmental pathways in oppositional defiant disorder and
conduct disorder.},
Journal = {J Abnorm Psychol},
Volume = {119},
Number = {4},
Pages = {726-738},
Year = {2010},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0021-843X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0020798},
Abstract = {The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,
4th edition (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994)
specifies a developmental relationship between oppositional
defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD). Evidence
for this link is mixed, however, and recent studies suggest
that different symptom dimensions in ODD may have different
outcomes. The authors examined links between ODD, CD, and
their young adult outcomes in the Great Smoky Mountains
Study (E. J. Costello et al., 1996), a longitudinal data set
with over 8,000 observations of 1,420 individuals (56% male)
covering ages 9-21 years. ODD was a significant predictor of
later CD in boys but not in girls after control for comorbid
CD and subthreshold CD symptomatology. Transitions between
ODD and CD were less common than anticipated, however,
particularly during adolescence. The authors examined
characteristics and outcomes of children with pure ODD, pure
CD, and combined CD/ODD. Alongside many similarities in
childhood and adolescent correlates, key differences were
also identified: CD largely predicted behavioral outcomes,
whereas ODD showed stronger prediction to emotional
disorders in early adult life. Factor analysis identified
irritable and headstrong dimensions in ODD symptoms that
showed differential prediction to later behavioral and
emotional disorders. Overall, the results underscore the
utility of retaining separate ODD and CD diagnoses in
DSM-V.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0020798},
Key = {fds270414}
}
@article{fds344703,
Author = {Kaplow, JB and Saunders, J and Angold, A and Costello,
EJ},
Title = {Psychiatric symptoms in bereaved versus nonbereaved youth
and young adults: a longitudinal epidemiological
study.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {49},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1145-1154},
Year = {2010},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2010.08.004},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine potential differences in psychiatric
symptoms between parent-bereaved youth (N = 172), youth who
experienced the death of another relative (N = 815), and
nonbereaved youth (N = 235), aged 11 to 21 years, above and
beyond antecedent environmental and individual risk factors.
METHOD: Sociodemographics, family composition, and family
functioning were assessed one interview wave before the
death. Child psychiatric symptoms were assessed during the
wave in which the death was reported and one wave before and
after the death. A year was selected randomly for the
nonbereaved group. RESULTS: The early loss of a parent was
associated with poverty, previous substance abuse problems,
and greater functional impairment before the loss. Both
bereaved groups of children were more likely than
nonbereaved children to show symptoms of separation anxiety
and depression during the wave of the death, controlling for
sociodemographic factors and prior psychiatric symptoms. One
wave following the loss, bereaved children were more likely
than nonbereaved children to exhibit symptoms of conduct
disorder and substance abuse and to show greater functional
impairment. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of parental death on
children must be considered in the context of pre-existing
risk factors. Even after controlling for antecedent risk
factors, both parent-bereaved children as well as those who
lost other relatives were at increased risk for
psychological and behavioral health problems.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2010.08.004},
Key = {fds344703}
}
@article{fds270413,
Author = {Copeland, W and Shanahan, L and Miller, S and Costello, EJ and Angold,
A and Maughan, B},
Title = {Outcomes of early pubertal timing in young women: a
prospective population-based study.},
Journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry},
Volume = {167},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1218-1225},
Year = {2010},
Month = {October},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20478880},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Early pubertal timing in girls is associated with
psychosocial problems throughout adolescence, but it is
unclear whether these problems persist into young adulthood.
The authors analyzed outcomes in adolescence and young
adulthood in girls in a longitudinal study. METHOD: The data
for this study were from the prospective population-based
Great Smoky Mountains Study (N=1,420), which initially
recruited children at ages 9, 11, and 13 and followed them
into young adulthood. Pubertal timing was defined on the
basis of self-reported Tanner stage and age at menarche.
Outcome measures included functioning related to crime,
substance use, school/peer problems, family relationships,
sexual behavior, and mental health in adolescence (ages 13
to 16) as well as crime, substance use, education/socioeconomic
status, sexual behavior, and mental health in young
adulthood (ages 19 and 21). RESULTS: In adolescence,
early-maturing girls displayed higher levels of
self-reported criminality, substance use problems, social
isolation, early sexual behavior, and psychiatric problems.
By young adulthood, most of these differences had
attenuated. Functioning for early maturers improved in some
areas; in others, on-time and late maturers had caught up
with their early-maturing peers. Nevertheless,
early-maturing girls, particularly those with a history of
adolescent conduct disorder, were more likely to be
depressed in young adulthood compared to their counterparts.
Early maturers were also more likely to have had many sexual
partners. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of early pubertal timing
on adolescent psychosocial problems were wide ranging but
diminished by young adulthood for all but a small
group.},
Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09081190},
Key = {fds270413}
}
@article{fds270412,
Author = {Copeland, WE and Keeler, G and Angold, A and Costello,
EJ},
Title = {Posttraumatic stress without trauma in children.},
Journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry},
Volume = {167},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1059-1065},
Year = {2010},
Month = {September},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20551161},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: It remains unclear to what degree children show
signs of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after
experiencing low-magnitude stressors, or stressors milder
than those required for the DSM-IV extreme stressor
criterion. METHOD: A representative community sample of
1,420 children, ages 9, 11, and 13 at intake, was followed
annually through age 16. Low-magnitude and extreme stressors
as well as subsequent posttraumatic stress symptoms were
assessed with the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric
Assessment. Two measures of posttraumatic stress symptoms
were used: having painful recall, hyperarousal, and
avoidance symptoms (subclinical PTSD) and having painful
recall only. RESULTS: During any 3-month period,
low-magnitude stressors occurred four times as often as
extreme stressors (24.0% compared with 5.9%). Extreme
stressors elicited painful recall in 8.7% of participants
and subclinical PTSD in 3.1%, compared with 4.2% and 0.7%,
respectively, for low-magnitude stressors. Because of their
higher prevalence, however, low-magnitude stressors
accounted for two-thirds of cases of painful recall and half
of cases of subclinical PTSD. Moreover, exposure to
low-magnitude stressors predicted symptoms even among youths
with no prior lifetime exposure to an extreme stressor.
CONCLUSIONS: Relative to low-magnitude stressors, extreme
stressors place children at greater risk for posttraumatic
stress symptoms. Nevertheless, a sizable proportion of
children manifesting posttraumatic stress symptoms
experienced only a low-magnitude stressor.},
Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09020178},
Key = {fds270412}
}
@article{fds270411,
Author = {Sterba, SK and Copeland, W and Egger, HL and Jane Costello and E and Erkanli, A and Angold, A},
Title = {Longitudinal dimensionality of adolescent psychopathology:
testing the differentiation hypothesis.},
Journal = {The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied
Disciplines},
Volume = {51},
Number = {8},
Pages = {871-884},
Year = {2010},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20345843},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The differentiation hypothesis posits that the
underlying liability distribution for psychopathology is of
low dimensionality in young children, inflating diagnostic
comorbidity rates, but increases in dimensionality with age
as latent syndromes become less correlated. This hypothesis
has not been adequately tested with longitudinal psychiatric
symptom data. METHODS: Confirmatory factor analyses of
DSM-IV symptoms from seven common Axis I syndromes--major
depression, generalized anxiety, separation anxiety, social
anxiety, attention deficient hyperactivity, conduct, and
oppositional defiant disorders--were conducted
longitudinally, from ages 9 to 16, using the
general-population Great Smoky Mountains Study sample.
RESULTS: An eight-syndrome model fit well at all ages, and
in both genders. It included social anxiety, separation
anxiety, oppositional defiant, and conduct syndromes, along
with a multidimensional attention deficit-hyperactivity
syndrome (i.e., inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity)
and a unidimensional major depression/generalized anxiety
syndrome. A high degree of measurement invariance across age
was found for all syndromes, except for major
depression/generalized anxiety. Major depression and
generalized anxiety syndromes slightly diverged at age
14-16, when they also began to explain more symptom
variance. Additionally, correlations between some emotional
and disruptive syndromes showed slight differentiation.
CONCLUSIONS: Marked developmental differentiation of
psychopathology, as implied by the orthogenetic principle,
is not a prominent cause of preadolescent and adolescent
psychiatric comorbidity.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02234.x},
Key = {fds270411}
}
@article{fds270410,
Author = {Costello, EJ and Erkanli, A and Copeland, W and Angold,
A},
Title = {Association of family income supplements in adolescence with
development of psychiatric and substance use disorders in
adulthood among an American Indian population.},
Journal = {Jama},
Volume = {303},
Number = {19},
Pages = {1954-1960},
Year = {2010},
Month = {May},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20483972},
Abstract = {CONTEXT: In a natural experiment in which some families
received income supplements, prevalence of adolescent
behavioral symptoms decreased significantly. These
adolescents are now young adults. OBJECTIVE: To examine the
effects of income supplements in adolescence and adulthood
on the prevalence of adult psychiatric disorders. DESIGN:
Quasi-experimental, longitudinal. POPULATION AND SETTING: A
representative sample of children aged 9, 11, or 13 years in
1993 (349 [25%] of whom are American Indian) were assessed
for psychiatric and substance use disorders through age 21
years (1993-2006). Of the 1420 who participated in 1993,
1185 were interviewed as adults. From 1996, when a casino
opened on the Indian reservation, every American Indian but
no non-Indians received an annual income supplement that
increased from $500 to around $9000. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Prevalence of adult psychiatric disorders and substance use
disorders based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders in 3 age cohorts, adjusted for age, sex,
length of time in the family home, and number of Indian
parents. RESULTS: As adults, significantly fewer Indians
than non-Indians had a psychiatric disorder (106 Indians
[weighted 30.2%] vs 337 non-Indians [weighted 36.0%]; odds
ratio [OR], 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30-0.72; P
= .001), particularly alcohol and cannabis abuse,
dependence, or both. The youngest age-cohort of Indian youth
had the longest exposure to the family income. Interactions
between race/ethnicity and age cohort were significant.
Planned comparisons showed that fewer of the youngest Indian
age-cohort had any psychiatric disorder (31.4%) than the
Indian middle cohort (41.7%; OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.24-0.78; P
= .005) or oldest cohort (41.3%; OR, 0.69; 95% CI,
0.51-0.94; P = .01) or the youngest non-Indian cohort
(37.1%; OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.48-0.90; P = .008). Study
hypotheses were not upheld for nicotine or other drugs, or
emotional or behavioral disorders. The income supplement
received in adulthood had no impact on adult
psychopathology. CONCLUSION: Lower prevalence of
psychopathology in American Indian youth following a family
income supplement, compared with the nonexposed, non-Indian
population, persisted into adulthood.},
Doi = {10.1001/jama.2010.621},
Key = {fds270410}
}
@article{fds270409,
Author = {Costello, EJ and Angold, A},
Title = {Developmental transitions to psychopathology: are there
prodromes of substance use disorders?},
Journal = {The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied
Disciplines},
Volume = {51},
Number = {4},
Pages = {526-532},
Year = {2010},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20132418},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02221.x},
Key = {fds270409}
}
@article{fds270291,
Author = {Akee, RKQ and Copeland, WE and Keeler, G and Angold, A and Costello,
EJ},
Title = {Parents' Incomes and Children's Outcomes: A
Quasi-Experiment.},
Journal = {American Economic Journal: Applied Economics},
Volume = {2},
Number = {1},
Pages = {86-115},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1945-7782},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.2.1.86},
Abstract = {We examine the role that an exogenous increase in household
income due to a government transfer unrelated to household
characteristics plays in children's long run outcomes.
Children in affected households have higher levels of
education in their young adulthood and a lower incidence of
criminality for minor offenses. Effects differ by initial
household poverty status. An additional $4000 per year for
the poorest households increases educational attainment by
one year at age 21 and reduces having ever committed a minor
crime by 22% at ages 16-17. Our evidence suggests that
improved parental quality is a likely mechanism for the
change.},
Doi = {10.1257/app.2.1.86},
Key = {fds270291}
}
@article{fds270408,
Author = {Foster, H and Nagin, DS and Hagan, J and Angold, A and Costello,
EJ},
Title = {Specifying criminogenic strains: Stress dynamics and conduct
disorder trajectories},
Journal = {Deviant Behavior},
Volume = {31},
Number = {5},
Pages = {440-475},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0163-9625},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639620903231340},
Abstract = {This article examines family stress dynamics and conduct
disorder trajectories prospectively in the lives of
adolescents from the Great Smoky Mountains Study of Youth (n
= 1,319). Semi-parametric mixture models are used to
identify distinct trajectories of conduct disorder, poverty,
and family structure. We specify criminogenic features of
dynamic family strains with multivariate models. Results
highlight the protective role of family stability over time
where having always lived in a single-parent family does not
elevate the odds of belonging to the riskier conduct
disorder groups. Furthermore, poverty duration is also
salient where non-chronic exposure is associated with
conduct disorder desistance. © Taylor & Francis Group,
LLC.},
Doi = {10.1080/01639620903231340},
Key = {fds270408}
}
@article{fds270407,
Author = {Windle, M and Spear, LP and Fuligni, AJ and Angold, A and Brown, JD and Pine, D and Smith, GT and Giedd, J and Dahl, RE},
Title = {Transitions into underage and problem drinking: Summary of
developmental processes and mechanisms: Ages
10-15},
Journal = {Alcohol Research and Health},
Volume = {32},
Number = {1},
Pages = {30-40},
Year = {2009},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1535-7414},
Abstract = {Adolescents ages 10-15 experience dramatic changes in their
biological, cognitive, emotional, and social development as
well as in their physical and social environments. These
include the physiological and psychological changes
associated with puberty; further development of the brain;
changes in family, peer, and romantic relationships; and
exposure to new societal and cultural influences. During
this period, many adolescents also begin to use alcohol.
Alcohol use during adolescence has adverse effects on the
body and increases the risk of alcohol dependence later in
life. To better understand why some children drink whereas
others do not, researchers are examining nonspecific and
alcoholspecific factors that put adolescents at risk for, or
which protect them from, early alcohol use and its
associated problems. Nonspecific risk factors include
certain temperamental and personality traits, family
factors, and nonnormative development. Examples of
nonspecific protective factors include certain temperamental
characteristics, religiosity, and parenting factors (e.g.,
parental nurturance and monitoring). Among the most
influential alcoholspecific risk and protective factors are
a family history of alcoholism and the influences of
siblings and peers, all of which shape an adolescent's
expectancies about the effects of alcohol, which in turn
help determine alcohol use behaviors.},
Key = {fds270407}
}
@article{fds270270,
Author = {Costello, J and Angold, A},
Title = {Measurement and design for life course studies of individual
differences and development},
Pages = {27-60},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Year = {2009},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528487.003.0002},
Abstract = {This chapter reviews methods for studying individual
differences across the life course. It starts from the
position that even when a life course study is basically
observational or descriptive, there is an underlying concern
to understand more about causality. There are two aspects of
research methods that have to be considered in designing a
life course study: study design and measurement of
individuals. Under the first heading the chapter describes
observational and quasi-experimental designs for life course
research. A section on genetically informative designs
describes a range of options for increasing the genetic
information that can be obtained from life course research.
The section on capturing individual differences discusses
continuous versus categorical measurement, the timing of
measurements, the range of information that can be
collected, and nonintrusive methods for collecting
individual life course information. A section on biological
information discusses applications of molecular genetics and
psychoneuroendocrinology to life course research.},
Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528487.003.0002},
Key = {fds270270}
}
@article{fds270406,
Author = {Copeland, WE and Shanahan, L and Costello, EJ and Angold,
A},
Title = {Childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders as predictors
of young adult disorders.},
Journal = {Arch Gen Psychiatry},
Volume = {66},
Number = {7},
Pages = {764-772},
Year = {2009},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19581568},
Abstract = {CONTEXT: Most adults with a psychiatric disorder first met
diagnostic criteria during childhood and/or adolescence, yet
specific homotypic and heterotypic patterns of prediction
have not been firmly established. OBJECTIVE: To establish
which childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders predict
particular young adult disorders when accounting for
comorbidities, disaggregating similar disorders, and
examining childhood and adolescent predictors separately.
DESIGN: Eleven waves of data from the prospective
population-based Great Smoky Mountains Study (N = 1420) were
used. SETTING: The Great Smoky Mountains Study is a
longitudinal study of the development of psychiatric
disorder and need for mental health services in rural and
urban youth. A representative sample of children was
recruited from 11 counties in western North Carolina.
PARTICIPANTS: Children in the community aged 9 to 16, 19,
and 21 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Common psychiatric
disorders were assessed in childhood (ages 9-12 years) and
adolescence (ages 13-16 years) with the Child and Adolescent
Psychiatric Assessment and in young adulthood (ages 19 and
21 years) with the Young Adult Psychiatric Assessment.
RESULTS: Adolescent depression significantly predicted young
adult depression in the bivariate analysis, but this effect
was entirely accounted for by comorbidity of adolescent
depression with adolescent oppositional defiant disorder,
anxiety, and substance disorders in adjusted analyses.
Generalized anxiety and depression cross-predicted each
other, and oppositional defiant disorder (but not conduct
disorder) predicted later anxiety disorders and depression.
Evidence of homotypic prediction was supported for substance
use disorders, antisocial personality disorder (from conduct
disorder), and anxiety disorders, although this effect was
primarily accounted for by DSM-III-R overanxious disorder.
CONCLUSIONS: Stringent tests of homotypic and heterotypic
prediction patterns suggest a more developmentally and
diagnostically nuanced picture in comparison with the
previous literature. The putative link between adolescent
and young adult depression was not supported. Oppositional
defiant disorder was singular in being part of the
developmental history of a wide range of young adult
disorders.},
Doi = {10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.85},
Key = {fds270406}
}
@article{fds270405,
Author = {Copeland, W and Shanahan, L and Costello, EJ and Angold,
A},
Title = {Configurations of common childhood psychosocial risk
factors.},
Journal = {The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied
Disciplines},
Volume = {50},
Number = {4},
Pages = {451-459},
Year = {2009},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19220623},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Co-occurrence of psychosocial risk factors is
commonplace, but little is known about psychiatrically-predictive
configurations of psychosocial risk factors. METHODS: Latent
class analysis (LCA) was applied to 17 putative psychosocial
risk factors in a representative population sample of 920
children ages 9 to 17. The resultant class structure was
retested in a representative population sample of 1420
children aged 9 to 13. In each sample, the child and one
parent were interviewed with the Child and Adolescent
Psychiatric Assessment. Concurrent psychiatric status was
used to validate class membership. RESULTS: LCA identified
five latent classes in both samples: two low risk classes;
two moderate risk classes both involving family poverty
configured with various other risk factors; and a high risk
class characterized by family relational dysfunction and
parental risk characteristics. Of the primary sample, 48.6%
were categorized as low risk, 42.8% as moderate risk, and
8.6% as high risk. Moderate risk classes differed in their
prediction of disruptive and emotional disorders depending
on their specific risk factor configurations. High risk
youth had the highest levels of both emotional and
disruptive disorders. Combining our latent classes with a
cumulative risk approach best accounted for the effects of
risk factors on psychopathology in our primary sample.
CONCLUSIONS: Particular risk configurations have specific
associations with psychiatric disorders. Configurational
approaches are an important asset for large-scale
epidemiological studies that integrate information about
patterns of risk and disorders.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02005.x},
Key = {fds270405}
}
@article{fds270402,
Author = {Angold, A},
Title = {Childhood psychopathology can be really bad for your
health.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {48},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3-4},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181908c49},
Doi = {10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181908c49},
Key = {fds270402}
}
@article{fds270403,
Author = {Angold, A and Costello, EJ},
Title = {Nosology and measurement in child and adolescent
psychiatry.},
Journal = {The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied
Disciplines},
Volume = {50},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {9-15},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19175818},
Abstract = {The last 50 years have witnessed enormous strides in the
measurement and classification of child and adolescent
psychiatric disorders. Debates about whether we should
continue to depend upon a categorical nosology still
continue, but we argue that, despite the absence of clear
dividing lines between psychiatric disorders and normality
and ubiquity of diagnostic comorbidity, the current official
approach to nosology has served child and adolescent
psychiatric research surprisingly well. In particular we
point to the utility of non-developmental diagnostic
criteria as tools for discovering developmental effects on
psychopathology. We also maintain that the search for
sharper boundaries between disorders is fundamentally
mistaken. However, official nosologies have tended to
privilege information collected in diagnostic interviews and
to sideline observational and other methods that cannot
easily be made to conform to the format of their criteria.
We suggest that it is time to remedy this situation. The
ICD-10 and DSM-IV are useless for children under the age of
about two, while alternatives, such as the DC:0-3, suffer
from a profound lack of empirical support. We suggest a way
forward through the integration of methods from temperament
and psychopathology research. Finally, we deplore the
failure of standardized assessment techniques to have
penetrated more deeply into everyday clinical
assessment.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01981.x},
Key = {fds270403}
}
@article{fds270404,
Author = {Brown, RA and Kuzara, J and Copeland, WE and Costello, EJ and Angold, A and Worthman, CM},
Title = {Moving from ethnography to epidemiology: lessons learned in
Appalachia.},
Journal = {Ann Hum Biol},
Volume = {36},
Number = {3},
Pages = {248-260},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {0301-4460},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014460902832942},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Anthropologists are beginning to translate
insights from ethnography into tools for population studies
that assess the role of culture in human behavior, biology,
and health. AIM: We describe several lessons learned in the
creation and administration of an ethnographically-based
instrument to assess the life course perspectives of
Appalachian youth, the Life Trajectory Interview for Youth
(LTI-Y). Then, we explore the utility of the LTI-Y in
predicting depressive symptoms, controlling for prior
depressive symptoms and severe negative life events
throughout the life course. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In a
sample of 319 youths (190 White, 129 Cherokee), we tested
the association between depressive symptoms and two domains
of the LTI-Y - life course barriers and milestones.
Longitudinal data on prior depressive symptoms and negative
life events were included in the model. RESULTS: The
ethnographically-based scales of life course barriers and
milestones were associated with unique variance in
depressive symptoms, together accounting for 11% of the
variance in this outcome. CONCLUSION: When creating
ethnographically-based instruments, it is important to
strike a balance between detailed, participant-driven
procedures and the analytic needs of hypothesis testing.
Ethnographically-based instruments have utility for
predicting health outcomes in longitudinal
studies.},
Doi = {10.1080/03014460902832942},
Key = {fds270404}
}
@article{fds270400,
Author = {Brown, RA and Adler, NE and Worthman, CM and Copeland, WE and Costello,
EJ and Angold, A},
Title = {Cultural and community determinants of subjective social
status among Cherokee and White youth.},
Journal = {Ethnicity & Health},
Volume = {13},
Number = {4},
Pages = {289-303},
Year = {2008},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1355-7858},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13557850701837302},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: . Subjective social status (SSS) is associated
with physical and mental health in diverse samples. However,
community, cultural, and ethnic influences on SSS are poorly
understood, especially among rural and American Indian
populations. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine similarities and
differences in how community poverty, family context, and
life course attainment predict SSS among Cherokee and White
youth in Appalachia. DESIGN: We assessed culturally and
developmentally appropriate aspects of life course
attainment among 344 Cherokee and White youth (age 19-24)
using the Life Trajectory Interview for Youth (Brown et al.
2006. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric
Research, 15, 192-206). Combined with information regarding
community context and family history, these data were used
to examine common patterns and ethnic differences in
community, family, and cultural influences on SSS. RESULTS:
Overall, both Cherokee and White youth rank their families
lower in SSS than previously studied US youth. Family
poverty during childhood and low parental education
negatively influence family SSS, Cherokee youth rank higher
on subjective socioeconomic status (SES) than Whites, as do
participants in high poverty areas. However, White youth
rank higher on peer SSS. Ethnographically generated items
perform better than standard demographic markers in
predicting SSS. Educational attainment is associated with
peer SSS among Cherokee (but not White) youths. CONCLUSIONS:
Cultural identity, community context, and local reference
groups are crucial determinants of SSS. Both White and
Cherokee youth in Appalachia exhibit SSS rankings consistent
with socioeconomic and cultural marginalization. On a local
scale, however, living in high poverty areas or minority
communities may buffer individuals from some negative social
comparisons regarding subjectively perceived SES. Meanwhile,
social monitoring in small minority communities may
constrain optimistic bias in assessments of peer popularity
and status. Social ecology, family context, and individual
attainment appear to exert distinctive influences on SSS
across different cultural and ethnic groups.},
Doi = {10.1080/13557850701837302},
Key = {fds270400}
}
@article{fds270401,
Author = {Willoughby, MT and Angold, A and Egger, HL},
Title = {Parent-reported attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
symptomatology and sleep problems in a preschool-age
pediatric clinic sample.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {47},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1086-1094},
Year = {2008},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e31817eed1b},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptomatology and
parent-reported sleep problems among preschoolers ages 2 to
5 years. METHOD: A total of 1,073 parents of preschoolers
ages 2 to 5 years attending a large pediatric clinic
completed the Child Behavior Checklist 1(1/2)-5 years. A
stratified probability sample of 193 parents of high scorers
and 114 parents of low scorers were interviewed with the
Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment. Poisson regression was
used to test the association between parent-reported sleep
problems and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
symptomatology, as well as psychiatric and demographic
covariates. RESULTS: When considered without reference to
other psychiatric disorders, elevated hyperactive-impulsive
symptomatology was positively associated with parent
reported problems including sleep assistance, parasomnias,
and dyssomnias; however, all of these effects were
attenuated to nonsignificance once psychiatric comorbidity
was controlled. In contrast, elevated inattentive
symptomatology (especially at lower levels of
hyperactive-impulsive symptoms) was positively associated
with daytime sleepiness even after psychiatric comorbidity
was controlled. CONCLUSIONS: Neither hyperactive-impulsive
nor inattentive attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
symptomatology was uniquely related to parent-reported
problems involving sleep assistance, parasomnias, or
dyssomnias. However, inattentive symptomatology was uniquely
related to daytime sleepiness above and beyond commonly
occurring patterns of psychiatric comorbidity, sleep
duration, and demographic factors.},
Doi = {10.1097/CHI.0b013e31817eed1b},
Key = {fds270401}
}
@article{fds270399,
Author = {Windle, M and Spear, LP and Fuligni, AJ and Angold, A and Brown, JD and Pine, D and Smith, GT and Giedd, J and Dahl, RE},
Title = {Transitions into underage and problem drinking:
developmental processes and mechanisms between 10 and 15
years of age.},
Journal = {Pediatrics},
Volume = {121 Suppl 4},
Number = {Suppl 4},
Pages = {S273-S289},
Year = {2008},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0031-4005},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-2243C},
Abstract = {Numerous developmental changes occur across levels of
personal organization (eg, changes related to puberty, brain
and cognitive-affective structures and functions, and family
and peer relationships) in the age period of 10 to 15 years.
Furthermore, the onset and escalation of alcohol use
commonly occur during this period. This article uses both
animal and human studies to characterize these multilevel
developmental changes. The timing of and variations in
developmental changes are related to individual differences
in alcohol use. It is proposed that this integrated
developmental perspective serve as the foundation for
subsequent efforts to prevent and to treat the causes,
problems, and consequences of alcohol consumption.},
Doi = {10.1542/peds.2007-2243C},
Key = {fds270399}
}
@article{fds270398,
Author = {Shanahan, L and Copeland, W and Costello, EJ and Angold,
A},
Title = {Specificity of putative psychosocial risk factors for
psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents.},
Journal = {Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied
Disciplines},
Volume = {49},
Number = {1},
Pages = {34-42},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0021-9630},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18181879},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Most psychosocial risk factors appear to have
general rather than specific patterns of association with
common childhood and adolescence disorders. However,
previous research has typically failed to 1) control for
comorbidity among disorders, 2) include a wide range of risk
factors, and 3) examine sex by developmental stage effects
on risk factor-disorder associations. This study tests the
specificity of putative psychosocial risk factors while
addressing these criticisms. METHODS: Eight waves of data
from the Great Smoky Mountains Study (N = 1,420) were used,
covering children in the community age 9-16 years old. Youth
and one parent were interviewed up to seven times using the
Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment, providing a
total of 6,674 pairs of interviews. A wide range of putative
neighborhood, school, peer, family, and child risk factors,
and common and comorbid youth disorders were assessed.
RESULTS: The majority of putative risk factors were specific
to one disorder or one disorder domain. A unique or
'signature set' of putative risk factors was identified for
each disorder. Several putative risk factors were associated
with a disorder in preadolescent males, preadolescent
females, adolescent males, or adolescent females only.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the need to define risk
factors and disorders narrowly, to control comorbidity and
other risk factors, and to consider developmental patterns
of specificity by sex.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01822.x},
Key = {fds270398}
}
@article{fds270397,
Author = {Bittner, A and Egger, HL and Erkanli, A and Jane Costello and E and Foley,
DL and Angold, A},
Title = {What do childhood anxiety disorders predict?},
Journal = {Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied
Disciplines},
Volume = {48},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1174-1183},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0021-9630},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18093022},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Few longitudinal studies of child and adolescent
psychopathology have examined the links between specific
childhood anxiety disorders and adolescent psychiatric
disorder. In this paper we test the predictive specificity
of separation anxiety disorder (SAD), overanxious disorder
(OAD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and social
phobia. METHODS: Data come from the Great Smoky Mountains
Study (GSMS). A representative population sample of
children--ages 9, 11, and 13 years at intake--was followed
to age 19. Diagnoses of both childhood (before age 13 years)
and adolescent psychiatric disorders (age 13 to 19 years)
were available from 906 participants. RESULTS: Childhood SAD
predicted adolescent SAD, whereas OAD was associated with
later OAD, panic attacks, depression and conduct disorder
(CD). GAD was related only to CD. Social phobia in childhood
was associated with adolescent OAD, social phobia, and
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety disorders in childhood are predictors
of a range of psychiatric disorders in adolescence. It
appears that children meriting a well-defined diagnosis are
missed by the current rules for the diagnosis of GAD. Future
studies should examine whether OAD deserves reconsideration
as a nosological entity.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01812.x},
Key = {fds270397}
}
@article{fds270394,
Author = {Copeland, WE and Miller-Johnson, S and Keeler, G and Angold, A and Costello, EJ},
Title = {Childhood psychiatric disorders and young adult crime: a
prospective, population-based study.},
Journal = {The American Journal of Psychiatry},
Volume = {164},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1668-1675},
Year = {2007},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0002-953X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17974931},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: While psychopathology is common in criminal
populations, knowing more about what kinds of psychiatric
disorders precede criminal behavior could be helpful in
delineating at-risk children. The authors determined rates
of juvenile psychiatric disorders in a sample of young adult
offenders and then tested which childhood disorders best
predicted young adult criminal status. METHOD: A
representative sample of 1,420 children ages 9, 11, and 13
at intake were followed annually through age 16 for
psychiatric disorders. Criminal offense status in young
adulthood (ages 16 to 21) was ascertained through court
records. RESULTS: Thirty-one percent of the sample had one
or more adult criminal charges. Overall, 51.4% of male young
adult offenders and 43.6% of female offenders had a child
psychiatric history. The population-attributable risk of
criminality from childhood disorders was 20.6% for young
adult female participants and 15.3% for male participants.
Childhood psychiatric profiles predicted all levels of
criminality. Severe/violent offenses were predicted by
comorbid diagnostic groups that included both emotional and
behavioral disorders. CONCLUSIONS: The authors found that
children with specific patterns of psychopathology with and
without conduct disorder were at risk of later criminality.
Effective identification and treatment of children with such
patterns may reduce later crime.},
Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.06122026},
Key = {fds270394}
}
@article{fds270395,
Author = {Sterba, S and Egger, HL and Angold, A},
Title = {Diagnostic specificity and nonspecificity in the dimensions
of preschool psychopathology.},
Journal = {Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied
Disciplines},
Volume = {48},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1005-1013},
Year = {2007},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0021-9630},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01770.x},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The appropriateness of the Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition
(DSM-IV) nosology for classifying preschool mental health
disturbances continues to be debated. To inform this debate,
we investigate whether preschool psychopathology shows
differentiation along diagnostically specific lines when
DSM-IV symptoms are aggregated statistically. METHODS: One
thousand seventy-three parents of preschoolers aged 2-5
years attending a large pediatric clinic completed the Child
Behavior Checklist 1.5-5. A stratified probability sample of
193 parents of high scorers and 114 parents of low scorers
were interviewed with the Preschool Age Psychiatric
Assessment (PAPA). Confirmatory factor analysis was
performed on symptoms from seven DSM disorders. RESULTS:
Comparison of competing models supported the differentiation
of emotional syndromes into three factors: social phobia
(SOC), separation anxiety (SAD), and depression/generalized
anxiety (MDD/GAD), and the differentiation of disruptive
syndromes into three factors: oppositional defiant/conduct
syndrome (ODD/CD), hyperactivity/impulsivity, and
inattention. Latent syndrome correlations were moderately
high after accounting for symptom overlap and measurement
error. CONCLUSIONS: Psychopathology appears to be
differentiated among preschoolers much as it is among older
children, and adolescents. We conclude that it is as
reasonable to apply the DSM-IV nosology to preschoolers as
it is to apply it to older individuals.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01770.x},
Key = {fds270395}
}
@article{fds270396,
Author = {Angold, A and Egger, HL},
Title = {Preschool psychopathology: lessons for the
lifespan.},
Journal = {Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied
Disciplines},
Volume = {48},
Number = {10},
Pages = {961-966},
Year = {2007},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0021-9630},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17914996},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01832.x},
Key = {fds270396}
}
@article{fds270392,
Author = {Copeland, WE and Keeler, G and Angold, A and Costello,
EJ},
Title = {Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress in
childhood.},
Journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry},
Volume = {64},
Number = {5},
Pages = {577-584},
Year = {2007},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0003-990X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17485609},
Abstract = {CONTEXT: Traumatic events are common and are related to
psychiatric impairment in childhood. Little is known about
the risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) across
different types of trauma exposure in children. OBJECTIVE:
To examine the developmental epidemiology of potential
trauma and posttraumatic stress (PTS) in a longitudinal
community sample of children. METHODS: A representative
population sample of 1420 children aged 9, 11, and 13 years
at intake were followed up annually through 16 years of age.
Main Outcome Measure Traumatic events and PTS were assessed
from child and parent reports annually to 16 years of age.
Risk factors and DSM-IV disorders were also assessed.
RESULTS: More than two thirds of children reported at least
1 traumatic event by 16 years of age, with 13.4% of those
children developing some PTS symptoms. Few PTS symptoms or
psychiatric disorders were observed for individuals
experiencing their first event, and any effects were
short-lived. Less than 0.5% of children met the criteria for
full-blown DSM-IV PTSD. Violent or sexual trauma were
associated with the highest rates of symptoms. The PTS
symptoms were predicted by previous exposure to multiple
traumas, anxiety disorders, and family adversity. Lifetime
co-occurrence of other psychiatric disorders with traumatic
events and PTS symptoms was high, with the highest rates for
anxiety and depressive disorders. CONCLUSIONS: In the
general population of children, potentially traumatic events
are fairly common and do not often result in PTS symptoms,
except after multiple traumas or a history of anxiety. The
prognosis after the first lifetime trauma exposure was
generally favorable. Apart from PTSD, traumatic events are
related to many forms of psychopathology, with the strongest
links being with anxiety and depressive disorders.},
Doi = {10.1001/archpsyc.64.5.577},
Key = {fds270392}
}
@article{fds270393,
Author = {Costello, EJ and Sung, M and Worthman, C and Angold,
A},
Title = {Pubertal maturation and the development of alcohol use and
abuse.},
Journal = {Drug and Alcohol Dependence},
Volume = {88 Suppl 1},
Pages = {S50-S59},
Year = {2007},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0376-8716},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17275214},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of various aspects of
puberty on risk of using alcohol and developing alcohol use
disorder (AUD). METHODS: Data come from the Great Smoky
Mountains Study, a longitudinal study of a representative
sample of 1420 youth aged 9-13 at recruitment. Participants
were interviewed annually to age 16. A parent was also
interviewed. Information was obtained about use of a range
of drugs including alcohol, drug abuse and dependence, other
psychiatric disorders, life events, and a wide range of
family characteristics. Pubertal hormones were assayed
annually from blood samples, and morphological development
was assessed using a pictorial measure of Tanner stage.
RESULTS: Controlling for age, Tanner stage predicted alcohol
use and AUD in both boys (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.18-2.22) and
girls (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.17-2.23). The effect of
morphological development was strongest in those who matured
early. Early pubertal maturation predicted alcohol use in
both sexes, and AUD in girls. The highest level of excess
risk for alcohol use was seen in early maturing youth with
conduct disorder and deviant peers. Lax supervision
predicted alcohol use in early maturing girls, while poverty
and family problems were predictive in early maturing boys.
CONCLUSIONS: Among the many biological, morphological, and
social markers of increasing maturation, the visible signs
of maturity are important triggers of alcohol use and AUD,
especially when they occur early and in young people with
conduct problems, deviant peers, problem families and
inadequate parental supervision.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.12.009},
Key = {fds270393}
}
@article{fds270391,
Author = {Costello, EJ and Worthman, C and Erkanli, A and Angold,
A},
Title = {Prediction from low birth weight to female adolescent
depression: a test of competing hypotheses.},
Journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry},
Volume = {64},
Number = {3},
Pages = {338-344},
Year = {2007},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0003-990X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17339522},
Abstract = {CONTEXT: Low birth weight (LBW) predicts later-onset
hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Its role as a predictor
of depression is unclear. OBJECTIVES: To examine whether LBW
predicts depression in male and female children and
adolescents and to compare the following 2 hypotheses: Low
birth weight is one among several perinatal, childhood, and
adolescent risk factors for depression (biopsychosocial
hypothesis). Low birth weight is a marker for poor
intrauterine conditions that provoke adjustments in fetal
development, with long-term consequences for stress response
(fetal programming hypothesis). DESIGN: A representative
population-based sample from an 11-county area in western
North Carolina was assessed annually for psychiatric
disorders between the ages of 9 and 16 years. We tested the
prediction from LBW and depression in models that included
LBW only, LBW plus other prenatal and perinatal adversities,
LBW plus significant perinatal and childhood adversities,
and LBW plus significant perinatal and childhood adversities
and adolescent correlates. SETTING: Academic research.
PARTICIPANTS: There were 1420 participants, of whom 49% were
female. Main Outcome Measure Cumulative prevalence of DSM-IV
depressive disorder at 1 assessment or more during childhood
(age range, 9-12 years) and during adolescence (age range,
13-16 years). RESULTS: The cumulative prevalence of
depression among adolescent girls with LBW was 38.1% (95%
confidence interval [CI], 16.3%-66.0%) compared with 8.4%
(95% CI, 5.2%-13.3%) among adolescent girls with normal
birth weight. Rates among children and adolescent boys did
not exceed 4.9%. In adolescence, there was a significant
interaction between LBW and sex (odds ratio, 0.2 [95% CI,
0.1-0.5]; P<.001). Low birth weight predicted female
adolescent depression after controlling for other perinatal,
childhood, and adolescent adversities. Girls with LBW and
normal birth weight with no adversities had no adolescent
depression, but each additional adversity increased the risk
of in girls with LBW more than in girls with normal birth
weight. Low birth weight did not predict other psychiatric
disorders in either sex. CONCLUSIONS: Low birth weight
predicts depression in adolescent girls but not boys. Data
support fetal programming over the biopsychosocial
hypothesis, suggesting vulnerability to adversities in girls
with LBW after puberty.},
Doi = {10.1001/archpsyc.64.3.338},
Key = {fds270391}
}
@article{fds270277,
Author = {Phillips, SD and Erkanli, A and Costello, EJ and Angold,
A},
Title = {Differences among children whose mothers have been in
contact with the criminal justice system},
Journal = {Women & Criminal Justice},
Volume = {17},
Number = {2-3},
Pages = {43-61},
Year = {2007},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J012v17n02_04},
Abstract = {In order to effectively help children whose mothers become
involved with the criminal justice system, it is important
to understand their differing needs. To that end, the
analyses described in this article explore the heterogeneity
in parent and family risks among a group of children whose
mothers had contact with the criminal justice system. Using
data from an epidemiologic study of youth, results showed
that the two most prevalent problems in the backgrounds of
this group of youth were poverty (61.5%) and maternal mental
health problems (54.9%). But, results of cluster analyses
suggest this group is actually made up of four meaningfully
different subgroups: (1) children with only isolated risks,
(2) children with histories of abuse, (3) children who have
multiple parents/caregivers with histories of drug abuse
and/or mental health problems, and (4) children whose
parents have few problems, but who are living in
economically deprived, single-parent households. © by The
Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1300/J012v17n02_04},
Key = {fds270277}
}
@article{fds270388,
Author = {Jane Costello and E and Erkanli, A and Angold, A},
Title = {Is there an epidemic of child or adolescent
depression?},
Journal = {Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied
Disciplines},
Volume = {47},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1263-1271},
Year = {2006},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0021-9630},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17176381},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Both the professional and the general media have
recently published concerns about an 'epidemic' of child and
adolescent depression. Reasons for this concern include (1)
increases in antidepressant prescriptions, (2) retrospective
recall by successive birth cohorts of adults, (3) rising
adolescent suicide rates until 1990, and (4) evidence of an
increase in emotional problems across three cohorts of
British adolescents. METHODS: Epidemiologic studies of
children born between 1965 and 1996 were reviewed and a
meta-analysis conducted of all studies that used structured
diagnostic interviews to make formal diagnoses of depression
on representative population samples of participants up to
age 18. The effect of year of birth on prevalence was
estimated, controlling for age, sex, sample size, taxonomy
(e.g., DSM vs. ICD), measurement instrument, and time-frame
of the interview (current, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months).
RESULTS: Twenty-six studies were identified, generating
close to 60,000 observations on children born between 1965
and 1996 who had received at least one structured
psychiatric interview capable of making a formal diagnosis
of depression. Rates of depression showed no effect of year
of birth. There was little effect of taxonomy, measurement
instrument, or time-frame of interview. The overall
prevalence estimates were: under 13, 2.8% (standard error
(SE) .5%); 13-18 5.6% (SE .3%); 13-18 girls: 5.9% (SE .3%);
13-18 boys: 4.6% (SE .3%). CONCLUSIONS: When concurrent
assessment rather than retrospective recall is used, there
is no evidence for an increased prevalence of child or
adolescent depression over the past 30 years. Public
perception of an 'epidemic' may arise from heightened
awareness of a disorder that was long under-diagnosed by
clinicians.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01682.x},
Key = {fds270388}
}
@article{fds270389,
Author = {Erkanli, A and Sung, M and Costello, EJ and Angold,
A},
Title = {Bayesian semi-parametric ROC analysis.},
Journal = {Statistics in Medicine},
Volume = {25},
Number = {22},
Pages = {3905-3928},
Year = {2006},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0277-6715},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16416403},
Abstract = {This paper describes a semi-parametric Bayesian approach for
estimating receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves
based on mixtures of Dirichlet process priors (MDP). We
address difficulties in modelling the underlying
distribution of screening scores due to non-normality that
may lead to incorrect choices of diagnostic cut-offs and
unreliable estimates of prevalence of the disease. MDP is a
robust tool for modelling non-standard diagnostic
distributions associated with imperfect classification of an
underlying diseased population, for example, when a
diagnostic test is not a gold standard. For posterior
computations, we propose an efficient Gibbs sampling
framework based on a finite-dimensional approximation to
MDP. We show, using both simulated and real data sets, that
MDP modelling for ROC curve estimation closely parallels the
frequentist kernel density estimation (KDE)
approach.},
Doi = {10.1002/sim.2496},
Key = {fds270389}
}
@article{fds270387,
Author = {Brotman, MA and Schmajuk, M and Rich, BA and Dickstein, DP and Guyer,
AE and Costello, EJ and Egger, HL and Angold, A and Pine, DS and Leibenluft, E},
Title = {Prevalence, clinical correlates, and longitudinal course of
severe mood dysregulation in children.},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {60},
Number = {9},
Pages = {991-997},
Year = {2006},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0006-3223},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.08.042},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Controversy concerning the diagnosis of
pediatric bipolar disorder (BD) has focused attention on
children with chronic irritability and hyperarousal. This
syndrome has been called the "broad BD phenotype" or severe
mood dysregulation (SMD). This study examines prevalence,
concurrent Axis I diagnoses, and longitudinal outcome of SMD
in an epidemiologic sample. METHODS: Data were drawn from
the Great Smoky Mountains Study, a longitudinal
epidemiological study. Items from the Child and Adolescent
Psychiatric Assessment were used to generate SMD criteria.
RESULTS: Among 1420 children, the lifetime prevalence of SMD
in children ages 9-19 was 3.3%. Most (67.7%) SMD youth had
an Axis I diagnosis, most commonly attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (26.9%), conduct disorder (25.9%), and/or
oppositional defiant disorder (24.5%). In young adulthood
(mean age 18.3 +/- 2.1 years), youth who met criteria for
SMD in the first wave (mean age 10.6 +/- 1.4 years) were
significantly more likely to be diagnosed with a depressive
disorder (odds ratio 7.2, confidence interval 1.3-38.8, p =
.02) than youth who never met criteria for SMD. CONCLUSIONS:
Severe mood dysregulation is relatively common in childhood
and predicts risk for early adulthood depressive disorders.
Research should continue to explore the course of illness in
children with SMD.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.08.042},
Key = {fds270387}
}
@article{fds270386,
Author = {Angold, A and Costello, EJ},
Title = {Puberty and depression.},
Journal = {Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North
America},
Volume = {15},
Number = {4},
Pages = {919-ix},
Year = {2006},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1056-4993},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16952768},
Abstract = {Unipolar depression only becomes more common in girls than
boys after the age of 13, as a result of an increased
incidence of depressive episodes in girls at that time. This
article reviews evidence that links multiple dimensions of
maturation in the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis with
this phenomenon. Effects of developmental status and timing
have been implicated, but few studies have deployed either
the measurement strategies or the statistical power needed
to provide a satisfactory answer to the question regarding
which components of puberty are most responsible.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.chc.2006.05.013},
Key = {fds270386}
}
@article{fds270383,
Author = {Foley, DL and Goldston, DB and Costello, EJ and Angold,
A},
Title = {Proximal psychiatric risk factors for suicidality in youth:
the Great Smoky Mountains Study.},
Journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry},
Volume = {63},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1017-1024},
Year = {2006},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0003-990X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16953004},
Abstract = {CONTEXT: Psychiatric disorder is a major risk factor for
suicidality but has poor positive predictive value.
OBJECTIVES: To characterize proximal risks for suicidality
associated with anxiety, depressive, disruptive behavior,
and substance use disorders, and to test whether there are
critical combinations of disorders that discriminate at-risk
youth independent of severity of psychopathology. DESIGN:
The Great Smoky Mountains Study, a representative sample of
children and adolescents aged 9 to 16 years from the
southeastern United States. Subjects and their parents were
interviewed on multiple occasions from 1993 to 2000 about
the subjects' recent psychiatric and suicidal history.
SETTING: An epidemiological sample of youth. PARTICIPANTS:
The sample included 1420 individual subjects with 6676
records across 8 waves of data collection. MAIN OUTCOME
MEASURES: Wanting to die, suicidal ideation, suicide plans,
or suicide attempt during the past 3 months. RESULTS: Eleven
broad psychiatric profiles discriminated suicidal youth.
Risk was greatest in association with current depression
plus anxiety (specifically GAD [generalized anxiety
disorder]) (odds ratio, 468.53) or depression plus a
disruptive disorder (primarily ODD [oppositional-defiant
disorder]) (odds ratio, 222.94). Unless comorbid, anxiety
and substance use disorders were not proximally associated
with suicidality. The severity of symptom-related impairment
and, in some cases, total symptom load explained risk
associated with all psychiatric profiles except depression
plus anxiety, specifically GAD (adjusted odds ratio, 50.16).
Severity of impairment and poverty defined by federal
guidelines for families were both independent risk factors,
irrespective of psychiatric profile. Suicidal youth without
diagnosable disorders had subthreshold (mostly disruptive)
disorders, disabling relationship difficulties, or
psychiatric symptoms without associated impairment.
CONCLUSIONS: Severity of symptom-related impairment and
total symptom load explained most of the risk for
suicidality associated with current psychiatric disorders.
Only depression plus GAD discriminated at-risk youth
independent of severity of psychopathology.},
Doi = {10.1001/archpsyc.63.9.1017},
Key = {fds270383}
}
@article{fds270385,
Author = {Ezpeleta, L and Domènech, JM and Angold, A},
Title = {A comparison of pure and comorbid CD/ODD and
depression.},
Journal = {Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied
Disciplines},
Volume = {47},
Number = {7},
Pages = {704-712},
Year = {2006},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0021-9630},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01558.x},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: We studied the symptomatology of
conduct/oppositional defiant disorder and major
depression/dysthymic disorder in 'pure' and comorbid
presentations. METHOD: The sample comprised 382 children of
8 to 17 years of age attending for psychiatric outpatient
consultation. Ninety-two had depressive disorders without
conduct disorders, 165 conduct disorder or oppositional
defiant disorder without depressive disorders and 125 had
both. RESULTS: In general, there were few differences in the
distributions of the symptoms of shared disorders between
the pure and the comorbid groups. Comorbidity accentuated
depressive and emotional symptoms and functional impairment.
After controlling for the presence of other disorders and
severity of symptoms, comorbid children were more globally
impaired than the pure conduct group and more impaired than
the pure depressive group in school, the home, and in
relationships with other people. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical
presentations of 'pure' and comorbid depressive and conduct
disorders are similar. Differences found in phenomenology
and in functional impairment between the groups have
implications for treatment planning and for
nosology.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01558.x},
Key = {fds270385}
}
@article{fds270384,
Author = {Egger, HL and Erkanli, A and Keeler, G and Potts, E and Walter, BK and Angold, A},
Title = {Test-Retest Reliability of the Preschool Age Psychiatric
Assessment (PAPA).},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {45},
Number = {5},
Pages = {538-549},
Year = {2006},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16601400},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the test-retest reliability of a new
interviewer-based psychiatric diagnostic measure (the
Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment) for use with parents
of preschoolers aged 2 to 5 years. METHOD: A total of 1,073
parents of children attending a large pediatric clinic
completed the Child Behavior Checklist 1 1/2-5. For 18
months, 193 parents of high scorers and 114 parents of low
scorers were interviewed on two occasions an average of 11
days apart. RESULTS: Estimates of diagnostic reliability
were very similar to those obtained from interviews with
parents of older children and adults, with kappas ranging
from 0.36 to 0.79. Test-retest intraclass correlations for
DSM-IV syndrome scale scores ranged from 0.56 to 0.89. There
were no significant differences in reliability by age, sex,
or race (African American versus non-African American).
CONCLUSIONS: The Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment
provides a reasonably reliable standardized measure of
DSM-IV psychiatric symptoms and disorders in preschoolers
for use in both research and clinical service evaluations of
preschoolers as young as 2 years old.},
Doi = {10.1097/01.chi.0000205705.71194.b8},
Key = {fds270384}
}
@article{fds270379,
Author = {Costello, EJ and Foley, DL and Angold, A},
Title = {10-year research update review: the epidemiology of child
and adolescent psychiatric disorders: II. Developmental
epidemiology.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {45},
Number = {1},
Pages = {8-25},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16327577},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe the growth of developmental
epidemiology in the past decade and to illustrate it with
examples of recent studies. METHOD: A review of publications
on developmental epidemiology in the past 10 years and a
discussion of some key examples. RESULTS: The authors
describe how the interaction between developmental
psychopathology and psychiatric epidemiology has produced
developmental epidemiology, the study of patterns of
distribution of psychiatric disorders in time as well as in
space. They give two examples of the kinds of questions that
developmental epidemiology can help to answer: (1) Is the
prevalence of autism increasing? Does the use of vaccines
explain the increase? (2) Is there an epidemic of child and
adolescent depression? Finally, they describe two areas of
science that are beginning to inform developmental
epidemiology: molecular genetics and the use of biological
measures of stress. CONCLUSIONS: While child and adolescent
psychiatric epidemiology continues, as described in the
first of these reviews, to address questions of prevalence
and burden, it has also expanded into new areas of research
in the past decade. In the next decade, longitudinal
epidemiological data sets with their rich descriptive data
on psychopathology and environmental risk over time and the
potential to add biological measures will provide valuable
resources for research into gene-environment correlations
and interactions.},
Doi = {10.1097/01.chi.0000184929.41423.c0},
Key = {fds270379}
}
@article{fds270382,
Author = {Egger, HL and Kondo, D and Angold, A},
Title = {The epidemiology and diagnostic issues in preschool
attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: A
review},
Journal = {Infants & Young Children},
Volume = {19},
Number = {2},
Pages = {109-122},
Publisher = {Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0896-3746},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001163-200604000-00004},
Abstract = {This study aims to review the nosology and epidemiology of
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children
aged 2 through 5 years. Studies, primarily in community or
pediatric clinic settings, were reviewed. In studies using
DSM diagnostic criteria, the prevalence of ADHD in preschool
children ranges from 2.0% to 7.9%, with hyperactive-impulsive
type and combined type significantly more common than pure
inattentive type ADHD. Boys and older preschoolers (4- and
5-year-olds vs 2- and 3-year-olds) are more likely to meet
criteria for ADHD. Preschoolers with ADHD are significantly
impaired in their relationships with adults and other
children, in their functioning at home and outside the home,
and in cognitive and academic performance. Preschoolers with
ADHD are significantly more likely to meet criteria for
other psychiatric disorders and those who do meet criteria
for other psychiatric disorders are more severely impaired
than preschoolers with ADHD alone. Despite the severity of
impairment, only about a quarter of preschoolers with ADHD
are referred for mental health evaluation or treatment.
Preschool ADHD predicts future ADHD and persistent
impairment. Preschoolers with ADHD look like older children
with ADHD with similar symptom presentations, associated
features, and prognosis. These findings suggest that
DSM-IV-TR ADHD is a reliable and valid diagnosis for
children aged 2 through 5 years. ©2006Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1097/00001163-200604000-00004},
Key = {fds270382}
}
@article{fds270381,
Author = {Egger, HL and Angold, A},
Title = {Common emotional and behavioral disorders in preschool
children: presentation, nosology, and epidemiology.},
Journal = {Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied
Disciplines},
Volume = {47},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {313-337},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {0021-9630},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16492262},
Abstract = {We review recent research on the presentation, nosology and
epidemiology of behavioral and emotional psychiatric
disorders in preschool children (children ages 2 through 5
years old), focusing on the five most common groups of
childhood psychiatric disorders: attention deficit
hyperactivity disorders, oppositional defiant and conduct
disorders, anxiety disorders, and depressive disorders. We
review the various approaches to classifying behavioral and
emotional dysregulation in preschoolers and determining the
boundaries between normative variation and clinically
significant presentations. While highlighting the
limitations of the current DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for
identifying preschool psychopathology and reviewing
alternative diagnostic approaches, we also present evidence
supporting the reliability and validity of developmentally
appropriate criteria for diagnosing psychiatric disorders in
children as young as two years old. Despite the relative
lack of research on preschool psychopathology compared with
studies of the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in
older children, the current evidence now shows quite
convincingly that the rates of the common child psychiatric
disorders and the patterns of comorbidity among them in
preschoolers are similar to those seen in later childhood.
We review the implications of these conclusions for research
on the etiology, nosology, and development of early onset of
psychiatric disorders, and for targeted treatment, early
intervention and prevention with young children.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01618.x},
Key = {fds270381}
}
@article{fds270380,
Author = {Rowe, R and Maughan, B and Costello, EJ and Angold,
A},
Title = {Defining oppositional defiant disorder.},
Journal = {Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied
Disciplines},
Volume = {46},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1309-1316},
Year = {2005},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0021-9630},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01420.x},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: ICD-10 and DSM-IV include similar criterial
symptom lists for conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional
defiant disorder (ODD), but while DSM-IV treats each list
separately, ICD-10 considers them jointly. One consequence
is that ICD-10 identifies a group of children with ODD
subtype who do not receive a diagnosis under DSM-IV.
METHODS: We examined the characteristics of this group of
children using the Great Smoky Mountains Study of children
in the community aged 9-16. This study provided child and
parent reports of symptoms and psychosocial impairment
assessed with standardised diagnostic interviews. RESULTS:
Children who received an ICD-10 diagnosis but not a DSM-IV
diagnosis showed broadly similar levels of psychiatric
comorbidity, delinquent activity and psychosocial impairment
to those who met DSM-IV criteria in both cross-sectional and
longitudinal analyses. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate
that DSM-IV excludes from diagnosis children who receive an
ICD-10 diagnosis of CD (ODD sub-type), and who are
substantially disturbed. Methods of redressing this
situation are considered.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01420.x},
Key = {fds270380}
}
@article{fds270378,
Author = {Eaves, L and Erkanli, A and Silberg, J and Angold, A and Maes, HH and Foley, D},
Title = {Application of Bayesian inference using Gibbs sampling to
item-response theory modeling of multi-symptom genetic
data.},
Journal = {Behavior Genetics},
Volume = {35},
Number = {6},
Pages = {765-780},
Year = {2005},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0001-8244},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16273316},
Abstract = {Several "genetic" item-response theory (IRT) models are
fitted to the responses of 1086 adolescent female twins to
the 33 multi-category item Mood and Feeling Questionnaire
relating to depressive symptomatology in adolescence. A
Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm is used within a
Bayesian framework for inference using Gibbs sampling,
implemented in the program WinBUGS 1.4. The final model
incorporated separate genetic and non-shared environmental
traits ("A and E") and item-specific genetic effects.
Simpler models gave markedly poorer fit to the observations
judged by the deviance information criterion (DIC). The
common genetic factor showed major loadings on melancholic
items, while the environmental factor loaded most highly on
items relating to self-deprecation. The MCMC approach
provides a convenient and flexible alternative to Maximum
Likelihood for estimating the parameters of IRT models for
relatively large numbers of items in a genetic context.
Additional benefits of the IRT approach are discussed
including the estimation of latent trait scores, including
genetic factor scores, and their sampling
errors.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10519-005-7284-z},
Key = {fds270378}
}
@article{fds270376,
Author = {Costello, EJ and Egger, H and Angold, A},
Title = {10-year research update review: the epidemiology of child
and adolescent psychiatric disorders: I. Methods and public
health burden.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {44},
Number = {10},
Pages = {972-986},
Year = {2005},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16175102},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To review recent progress in child and adolescent
psychiatric epidemiology in the area of prevalence and
burden. METHOD: The literature published in the past decade
was reviewed under two headings: methods and findings.
RESULTS: Methods for assessing the prevalence and community
burden of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders have
improved dramatically in the past decade. There are now
available a broad range of interviews that generate DSM and
ICD diagnoses with good reliability and validity. Clinicians
and researchers can choose among interview styles
(respondent based, interviewer based, best estimate) and
methods of data collection (paper and pencil, computer
assisted, interviewer or self-completion) that best meet
their needs. Work is also in progress to develop brief
screens to identify children in need of more detailed
assessment, for use by teachers, pediatricians, and other
professionals. The median prevalence estimate of
functionally impairing child and adolescent psychiatric
disorders is 12%, although the range of estimates is wide.
Disorders that often appear first in childhood or
adolescence are among those ranked highest in the World
Health Organization's estimates of the global burden of
disease. CONCLUSIONS: There is mounting evidence that many,
if not most, lifetime psychiatric disorders will first
appear in childhood or adolescence. Methods are now
available to monitor youths and to make early intervention
feasible.},
Doi = {10.1097/01.chi.0000172552.41596.6f},
Key = {fds270376}
}
@article{fds270377,
Author = {Costello, EJ and Egger, HL and Angold, A},
Title = {The developmental epidemiology of anxiety disorders:
phenomenology, prevalence, and comorbidity.},
Journal = {Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North
America},
Volume = {14},
Number = {4},
Pages = {631-vii},
Year = {2005},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1056-4993},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16171696},
Abstract = {This article argues that the quality of diagnostic tools
used to measure anxiety disorders in children and
adolescents has improved enormously in the past few years.
As a result, prevalence estimates are less erratic,
understanding of comorbidity is increasing, and the role of
impairment as a criterion for "caseness" is considered more
carefully. Several of the instruments developed for
epidemiologic research are now being used in clinical
settings. Further integration of laboratory methods and
clinical and epidemiologic ideas will benefit children with
anxiety disorders and their families.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.chc.2005.06.003},
Key = {fds270377}
}
@article{fds270374,
Author = {Foley, DL and Rutter, M and Angold, A and Pickles, A and Maes, HM and Silberg, JL and Eaves, LJ},
Title = {Making sense of informant disagreement for overanxious
disorder.},
Journal = {Journal of Anxiety Disorders},
Volume = {19},
Number = {2},
Pages = {193-210},
Year = {2005},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2004.01.006},
Abstract = {A community sample of 2798 8-17-year-old twins and their
parents completed a personal interview about the child's
current psychiatric history on two occasions separated by an
average of 18 months. Parents also completed a personal
interview about their own lifetime psychiatric history at
entry to the study. Results indicate that informant
agreement for overanxious disorder (OAD) was no better than
chance, and most cases of OAD were based on only one
informant's ratings. Disagreement about level of OAD
symptoms or presence of another disorder (mostly phobias or
depression) accounted for most cases of informant
disagreement: 60% of cases based only on child interview,
67% of cases based only on maternal interview, and 100% of
cases based only on paternal interview. OAD diagnosed only
by maternal interview was also distinguished by an
association with maternal alcoholism and increasingly
discrepant parental reports of marital difficulties. Given
the substantial overlap in case assignments for DSM-III-R
OAD and DSM-IV GAD, these findings may identify sources of
informant disagreement that generalize to juvenile
GAD.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.janxdis.2004.01.006},
Key = {fds270374}
}
@article{fds270375,
Author = {Eaves, L and Silberg, J and Foley, D and Bulik, C and Maes, H and Erkanli,
A and Angold, A and Costello, EJ and Worthman, C},
Title = {Genetic and environmental influences on the relative timing
of pubertal change.},
Journal = {Twin Research : the Official Journal of the International
Society for Twin Studies},
Volume = {7},
Number = {5},
Pages = {471-481},
Year = {2004},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1369-0523},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15527663},
Abstract = {A multicategory item-response theory model was developed to
characterize developmental changes in three items relating
to the assessment of puberty in adolescent twin girls and
boys. The model allowed for the fixed effects of age on
probability of endorsing the responses and for the random
effects of individual differences on the timing of pubertal
changes relative to chronological age. In girls, the model
was applied three-wave data on twin pairs (N = 414 female
monozygotic [MZ] and 197 female dizygotic [DZ] pairs) and
female twins from boy-girl pairs (N = 300 twins) from the
Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development. In
boys, the data comprised 318 MZ and 185 DZ pairs and 297
male twins from boy-girl pairs. A total of 3172 and 2790
individual twin assessments were available in girls and
boys, respectively, spanning ages 8-17 years. The
availability of twin data allows the contributions of genes,
the shared environment and individual unique environmental
experiences to be resolved in the relative timing of
pubertal changes. Parameters of the mixed model including
fixed effects of age and random effects of genes and
environment were estimated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo
simulations using the BUGS algorithm for Gibbs sampling. The
estimated standard deviation of random differences in the
timing of puberty relative to age was 0.96 years in girls
and 1.01 years in boys. The estimated intraclass
correlations for the relative timing of pubertal changes
were 0.99 +/-0.01 in MZ girls, 0.52 +/-0.02 in DZ girls,
0.88 +/-0.04 in MZ boys and 0.44+/-0.02 in DZ boys,
indicating a very large contribution of genetic factors to
the relative timing of pubertal change in both sexes.
Additive genetic factors account for an estimated
96.3+/-3.3% of the total variance in random effects in girls
and 88.0+/-3.6% in boys. Shared environmental influences
account for 3.6+/-3.4% in girls and 0% in boys. In girls,
nonshared environmental effects explain 0.1+/-0.1% of the
total residual variance. The comparable figure in boys is
12.0+/-3.6%.},
Doi = {10.1375/1369052042335278},
Key = {fds270375}
}
@article{fds336041,
Author = {Costello, EJ and Erkanli, A and Keeler, G and Angold,
A},
Title = {Distant Trauma: A prospective study of the effects of
september 11th on young adults in North Carolina},
Journal = {Applied Developmental Science},
Volume = {8},
Number = {4},
Pages = {211-220},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2004},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s1532480xads0804_4},
Abstract = {In 2001, 730 young adults (aged 19–21) were given a
detailed assessment as part of an ongoing longitudinal,
epidemiological study of the development of psychiatric
disorders across childhood and adolescence. Each participant
had been interviewed up to 6 times previously, beginning in
1993. Parents were also interviewed until participants
reached 16 years old. By chance in 2001, two-thirds (475) of
the participants were interviewed before September 11, 2001;
and one-third (255) were interviewed afterward. This
provided an opportunity (a) to compare current
psychopathology in those interviewed before and after
September 11th, (b) to test whether September 11th acted as
an additional stressor, and (c) to examine the factors from
participants’ earlier lives that increased the impact of
September 11th. Substance use, and substance abuse disorder
(SUD), were significantly more prevalent after September
11th in women. Men interviewed after September 11th were
slightly more likely to have 1 or more symptoms of
posttraumatic stress disorder, but rates of SUD were
significantly lower. No other psychiatric disorders showed
an increase after September 11th. All psychiatric disorders
were more likely to occur in 2001 in those with a previous
history of the same diagnosis but only substance abuse in
women showed an interaction with September 11th. Overall
prevalence of SUD in men was lower after September 11th in
both those with and those without a previous history.
Examination of a range of risk factors that might predict
psychopathology following a trauma showed effects in those
with relatively low levels of previous risk, but not in
those at the highest levels of risk. This study of young
adults living some 500 miles from the events of September
11, 2001, on whom data were available both before and after
that date, suggests that the main effect was on drug abuse
and dependence. Drug use and abuse increased in women and
decreased in men. This finding is in line with earlier work
showing that some forms of psychiatric disorder can decrease
during times of civic crisis. September 11th served as an
additional stressor for those under low to moderate levels
of stress but did not affect those already under high
stress.},
Doi = {10.1207/s1532480xads0804_4},
Key = {fds336041}
}
@article{fds270372,
Author = {Sung, M and Erkanli, A and Angold, A and Costello,
EJ},
Title = {Effects of age at first substance use and psychiatric
comorbidity on the development of substance use
disorders.},
Journal = {Drug and Alcohol Dependence},
Volume = {75},
Number = {3},
Pages = {287-299},
Year = {2004},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0376-8716},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15283950},
Abstract = {In this paper, we examine the effects of age at first
substance use, and history of psychiatric disorders, on the
development of substance use disorder (SUD) by age 16. We
use a prospective, longitudinal design to disaggregate the
effects of age at first use and time since first use on the
development of adolescent SUD. Second, we test the
hypothesis that adolescent SUD is an unlikely progression
from early substance use unless children also show other
early conduct problems. A population sample of 1,420
children from the Great Smoky Mountains Study (GSMS) was
assessed annually between ages 9 and 16. Logistic regression
models were applied within the hierarchical Bayesian
framework, where the covariate effects were described by
time-varying parameters having a first-order auto-regressive
prior distribution. Posterior analyses based on a Gibbs
sampling approach revealed that, controlling for years of
exposure, the risk of transition to SUD increased with age
at onset for onsets before age 13, but began to fall for
onset at 14. Among users, use alone, without early conduct
problems, led to a 11% prevalence of SUD by age 16. Past
conduct disorder (CD) had a strong additive effect at ages
13-15, but at age 16, when substance use and abuse became
more normative, the excess risk from prior CD decreased.
Boys, but not girls, with a history of depression were at
increased risk of SUD. Anxiety increased the risk of SUD in
girls at age 16, but not before that. Results only partially
support the study hypothesis; early use was a major
predictor of adolescent SUD even in the absence of
CD.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.03.013},
Key = {fds270372}
}
@article{fds270373,
Author = {Foley, D and Rutter, M and Pickles, A and Angold, A and Maes, H and Silberg, J and Eaves, L},
Title = {Informant disagreement for separation anxiety
disorder.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {43},
Number = {4},
Pages = {452-460},
Year = {2004},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200404000-00011},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To characterize informant disagreement for
separation anxiety disorder (SAD). METHOD: The sample
comprised 2,779 8- to 17-year-old twins from a
community-based registry. Children and their parents
completed a personal interview about the child's psychiatric
history. Parents completed a personal interview about their
own psychiatric history and a questionnaire about their
marital relationship. RESULTS: Informant agreement for SAD
ranged between chance and extremely poor. Most cases of SAD
were diagnosed by interview with only one informant. SAD
diagnosed only by child interview was associated with an
increased odds of father-rated oppositional defiant
disorder, and vice versa. SAD diagnosed only by parent
interview was predicted by the parental informant's history
of antisocial personality disorder. SAD diagnosed only by
paternal interview was also predicted by mother-rated
marital conflict and dissatisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Parents
and children rarely agree about the presence of any level of
child separation anxiety. A symptom "or-rule" mostly indexes
diagnoses based on interview with only one informant, but
the relative validity of such diagnoses remains
unclear.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-200404000-00011},
Key = {fds270373}
}
@article{fds270370,
Author = {Rowe, R and Maughan, B and Worthman, CM and Costello, EJ and Angold,
A},
Title = {Testosterone, antisocial behavior, and social dominance in
boys: pubertal development and biosocial
interaction.},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {55},
Number = {5},
Pages = {546-552},
Year = {2004},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.10.010},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Studies linking testosterone and antisocial
behavior in humans have produced mixed results. Adolescence
offers a promising period to study this relationship;
circulating testosterone increases dramatically in boys
during puberty, and antisocial behavior increases during the
same period. METHODS: Our analyses were based on boys aged
9-15 years who were interviewed during the first three waves
of the Great Smoky Mountains Study. Measures included
interview assessment of DSM-IV conduct disorder (CD)
symptoms and diagnosis, blood spot measurement of
testosterone, Tanner staging of pubertal development, and
assessment of leadership behaviors and peer deviance.
RESULTS: The adolescent rise in CD was primarily
attributable to an increase in nonphysically aggressive
behaviors. Increasing levels of circulating testosterone and
association with deviant peers contributed to these age
trends. There was no evidence that physical aggression was
related to high testosterone. Evidence of biosocial
interactions was identified; testosterone was related to
nonaggressive CD symptoms in boys with deviant peers and to
leadership in boys with nondeviant peers. CONCLUSIONS: The
results are consistent with the hypothesis that testosterone
relates to social dominance, with the assumption that
behaviors associated with dominance differ according to
social context.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.10.010},
Key = {fds270370}
}
@article{fds270371,
Author = {Case, B},
Title = {Effect of poverty on emotional symptoms in
children.},
Journal = {Jama},
Volume = {291},
Number = {4},
Pages = {424},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.291.4.424-a},
Doi = {10.1001/jama.291.4.424-a},
Key = {fds270371}
}
@article{fds270367,
Author = {Hay, DF and Pawlby, S and Angold, A and Harold, GT and Sharp,
D},
Title = {Pathways to violence in the children of mothers who were
depressed postpartum.},
Journal = {Developmental Psychology},
Volume = {39},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1083-1094},
Year = {2003},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.39.6.1083},
Abstract = {The impact of postnatal depression on a child's risk for
violent behavior was evaluated in an urban British community
sample (N=122 families). Mothers were interviewed during
pregnancy, at 3 months postpartum, and when the child was 1,
4, and 11 years of age. Mothers, teachers, and children
reported on violent symptoms at age 11. Structural equation
modeling revealed that the child's violence was predicted by
the mother's postnatal depression even when her depression
during pregnancy, her later history of depression, and
family characteristics were taken into account. Violence was
associated with symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder and problems with anger management. Children were
most violent if mothers had been depressed at 3 months and
at least once thereafter.},
Doi = {10.1037/0012-1649.39.6.1083},
Key = {fds270367}
}
@article{fds270368,
Author = {Costello, EJ and Compton, SN and Keeler, G and Angold,
A},
Title = {Relationships between poverty and psychopathology: a natural
experiment.},
Journal = {Jama},
Volume = {290},
Number = {15},
Pages = {2023-2029},
Year = {2003},
Month = {October},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14559956},
Abstract = {CONTEXT: Social causation (adversity and stress) vs social
selection (downward mobility from familial liability to
mental illness) are competing theories about the origins of
mental illness. OBJECTIVE: To test the role of social
selection vs social causation of childhood psychopathology
using a natural experiment. DESIGN: Quasi-experimental,
longitudinal study. POPULATION AND SETTING: A representative
population sample of 1420 rural children aged 9 to 13 years
at intake were given annual psychiatric assessments for 8
years (1993-2000). One quarter of the sample were American
Indian, and the remaining were predominantly white. Halfway
through the study, a casino opening on the Indian
reservation gave every American Indian an income supplement
that increased annually. This increase moved 14% of study
families out of poverty, while 53% remained poor, and 32%
were never poor. Incomes of non-Indian families were
unaffected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Levels of Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition,
psychiatric symptoms in the never-poor, persistently poor,
and ex-poor children were compared for the 4 years before
and after the casino opened. RESULTS: Before the casino
opened, the persistently poor and ex-poor children had more
psychiatric symptoms (4.38 and 4.28, respectively) than the
never-poor children (2.75), but after the opening levels
among the ex-poor fell to those of the never-poor children,
while levels among those who were persistently poor remained
high (odds ratio, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.09;
and odds ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.77-1.07,
respectively). The effect was specific to symptoms of
conduct and oppositional defiant disorders. Anxiety and
depression symptoms were unaffected. Similar results were
found in non-Indian children whose families moved out of
poverty during the same period. CONCLUSIONS: An income
intervention that moved families out of poverty for reasons
that cannot be ascribed to family characteristics had a
major effect on some types of children's psychiatric
disorders, but not on others. Results support a social
causation explanation for conduct and oppositional disorder,
but not for anxiety or depression.},
Doi = {10.1001/jama.290.15.2023},
Key = {fds270368}
}
@article{fds270365,
Author = {Conners, CK and Epstein, JN and Angold, A and Klaric,
J},
Title = {Continuous performance test performance in a normative
epidemiological sample.},
Journal = {Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology},
Volume = {31},
Number = {5},
Pages = {555-562},
Year = {2003},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0091-0627},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14561062},
Abstract = {A 14-min continuous performance test (CPT) requiring a high
rate of responding was administered to a
probability-weighted random sample of 816 9-17-year-old
children drawn from a population of 17,117 children in an
ongoing epidemiological and longitudinal study in Western
North Carolina. Systematic main effects of improved
performance with older age were found in this age range for
all variables, including reaction time (RT), RT standard
error, errors of omission, errors of commission, and signal
detection parameters (d' and beta). Significant gender main
effects included more impulsive errors, less variability,
and faster RT by males, with no interactions between age and
gender. There were no main effects of ethnicity or
interactions of ethnicity with age and/or gender. Large main
effects of interstimulus interval (ISI; 1, 2, or 4-s
intervals) and time block were present for most CPT
performance measures. The normative data from the CPT should
provide a useful framework for interpreting similar data in
future studies of child and adolescent psychopathology.},
Doi = {10.1023/a:1025457300409},
Key = {fds270365}
}
@article{fds270369,
Author = {Epstein, JN and Erkanli, A and Conners, CK and Klaric, J and Costello,
JE and Angold, A},
Title = {Relations between Continuous Performance Test performance
measures and ADHD behaviors.},
Journal = {Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology},
Volume = {31},
Number = {5},
Pages = {543-554},
Year = {2003},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0091-0627},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14561061},
Abstract = {The Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CPT) is a
neuropsychological task that has repeatedly been shown to
differentiate ADHD from normal groups. Several variables may
be derived from the Conners' CPT including errors of
omission and commission, mean hit reaction time(RT), mean
hit RT standard error, d', and beta. What each CPT parameter
actually assesses has largely been based upon clinical
assumptions and the face validity of each measure (e.g.,
omission errors measure inattention, commission errors
measure impulsivity). This study attempts to examine
relations between various CPT variables and phenotypic
behaviors so as to better understand the various CPT
variables. An epidemiological sample of 817 children was
administered the Conners' CPT. Diagnostic interviews were
conducted with parents to determine ADHD symptom profiles
for all children. Children diagnosed with ADHD had more
variable RTs, made more errors of commission and omission,
and demonstrated poorer perceptual sensitivity than
nondiagnosed children. Regarding specific symptoms,
generalized estimating equations (GEE) and ANCOVAs were
conducted to determine specific relationships between the 18
DSM-IV ADHD symptoms and 6 CPT parameters. CPT performance
measures demonstrated significant relationships to ADHD
symptoms but did not demonstrate symptom domain specificity
according to a priori assumptions. Overall performance on
the two signal detection measures, d' and beta, was highly
related to all ADHD symptoms across symptom domains.
Further, increased variability in RTs over time was related
to most ADHD symptoms. Finally, it appears that at least 1
CPT variable, mean hit RT, is minimally related to ADHD
symptoms as a whole, but does demonstrate some specificity
in its link with symptoms of hyperactivity.},
Doi = {10.1023/a:1025405216339},
Key = {fds270369}
}
@article{fds270366,
Author = {Costello, EJ and Mustillo, S and Erkanli, A and Keeler, G and Angold,
A},
Title = {Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in
childhood and adolescence.},
Journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry},
Volume = {60},
Number = {8},
Pages = {837-844},
Year = {2003},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0003-990X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12912767},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: This longitudinal community study assessed the
prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders from age
9 through 16 years and examined homotypic and heterotypic
continuity. METHODS: A representative population sample of
1420 children aged 9 to 13 years at intake were assessed
annually for DSM-IV disorders until age 16 years. RESULTS:
Although 3-month prevalence of any disorder averaged 13.3%
(95% confidence interval [CI], 11.7%-15.0%), during the
study period 36.7% of participants (31% of girls and 42% of
boys) had at least 1 psychiatric disorder. Some disorders
(social anxiety, panic, depression, and substance abuse)
increased in prevalence, whereas others, including
separation anxiety disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD), decreased. Lagged analyses showed that
children with a history of psychiatric disorder were 3 times
more likely than those with no previous disorder to have a
diagnosis at any subsequent wave (odds ratio, 3.7; 95% CI,
2.9-4.9; P<.001). Risk from a previous diagnosis was high
among both girls and boys, but it was significantly higher
among girls. Continuity of the same disorder (homotypic) was
significant for all disorders except specific phobias.
Continuity from one diagnosis to another (heterotypic) was
significant from depression to anxiety and anxiety to
depression, from ADHD to oppositional defiant disorder, and
from anxiety and conduct disorder to substance abuse. Almost
all the heterotypic continuity was seen in girls.
CONCLUSIONS: The risk of having at least 1 psychiatric
disorder by age 16 years is much higher than point estimates
would suggest. Concurrent comorbidity and homotypic and
heterotypic continuity are more marked in girls than in
boys.},
Doi = {10.1001/archpsyc.60.8.837},
Key = {fds270366}
}
@article{fds270363,
Author = {Egger, HL and Costello, EJ and Angold, A},
Title = {School refusal and psychiatric disorders: a community
study.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {42},
Number = {7},
Pages = {797-807},
Year = {2003},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12819439},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between anxious school
refusal and truancy and psychiatric disorders in a community
sample of children and adolescents using a descriptive
rather than etiological definition of school refusal.
METHOD: Data from eight annual waves of structured
psychiatric interviews with 9- to 16-year-olds and their
parents from the Great Smoky Mountains Study were analyzed.
RESULTS: Pure anxious school refusal was associated with
depression (odds ratio [OR] = 13, 95% confidence interval
[CI] 3.4, 42) and separation anxiety disorder (OR = 8.7, 95%
CI 4.1, 19). Pure truancy was associated with oppositional
defiant disorder (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.2, 4.2), conduct
disorder (OR = 7.4, 95% CI 3.9, 14), and depression (OR =
2.6, 95% CI 1.2, 56). Of mixed school refusers (children
with both anxious school refusal and truancy), 88.2% had a
psychiatric disorder. They had increased rates of both
emotional and behavior disorders. Specific fears, sleep
difficulties, somatic complaints, difficulties in peer
relationships, and adverse psychosocial variables had
different associations with the three types of school
refusal. CONCLUSIONS: Anxious school refusal and truancy are
distinct but not mutually exclusive and are significantly
associated with psychopathology, as well as adverse
experiences at home and school. Implications of these
findings for assessment, identification, and intervention
for school refusal are discussed.},
Doi = {10.1097/01.CHI.0000046865.56865.79},
Key = {fds270363}
}
@article{fds270364,
Author = {Wasserman, GA and Jensen, PS and Ko, SJ and Cocozza, J and Trupin, E and Angold, A and Cauffman, E and Grisso, T},
Title = {Mental health assessments in juvenile justice: report on the
consensus conference.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {42},
Number = {7},
Pages = {752-761},
Year = {2003},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.CHI.0000046873.56865.4B},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: At national, state, and local levels, there is
increasing recognition of the importance of identifying and
responding to the mental health needs of youths in the
juvenile justice system, as policymakers and practitioners
struggle to find ways to address causes and correlates of
juvenile crime and delinquency. The proposed guidelines for
mental health assessment provide explicit information about
how, why, and when to obtain mental health information on
justice youths at each important juncture in processing.
METHOD: A national group of expert researchers and
practitioners convened in April 2002. Experts derived six
recommendations, following the expert consensus method, for
conducting mental health assessments in juvenile justice
settings. Experts had broad experience creating
collaborations between juvenile justice, mental health, and
child welfare systems and understood the policy and health
implications of conducting such assessments in juvenile
justice settings. RESULTS: Consensus Conference
recommendations regarding screening for emergent risk,
screening and assessment of mental health service needs,
comprehensive mental health assessment components,
assessment before community re-entry, need for periodic
reassessment, and staff training are presented. CONCLUSION:
Deriving specific recommendations that can be implemented
systematically is a necessary first step toward policy
changes that will optimize the standard of care for this
vulnerable population.},
Doi = {10.1097/01.CHI.0000046873.56865.4B},
Key = {fds270364}
}
@article{fds270362,
Author = {Angold, A},
Title = {Adolescent depression, cortisol and DHEA.},
Journal = {Psychological Medicine},
Volume = {33},
Number = {4},
Pages = {573-581},
Year = {2003},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329170300775x},
Doi = {10.1017/s003329170300775x},
Key = {fds270362}
}
@article{fds270360,
Author = {Mustillo, S and Worthman, C and Erkanli, A and Keeler, G and Angold, A and Costello, EJ},
Title = {Obesity and psychiatric disorder: developmental
trajectories.},
Journal = {Pediatrics},
Volume = {111},
Number = {4 Pt 1},
Pages = {851-859},
Publisher = {American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)},
Year = {2003},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.111.4.851},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To identify age-related trajectories of obesity
from childhood into adolescence, and to test the association
of these trajectories with the development of psychiatric
disorders (conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder,
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, substance abuse,
depression, and anxiety). METHODS: White children (N = 991)
9 to 16 years old from the Great Smoky Mountains Study, a
representative sample of rural youth, were evaluated
annually over an 8-year period for height, weight,
psychiatric disorder, and vulnerabilities for psychiatric
disorder. Longitudinal analyses on the repeated measures
data were conducted using developmental trajectory models
and generalized estimating equation models. RESULTS: Obesity
was 3 to 4 times more common than expected from national
rates using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000
criteria. Four developmental trajectories of obesity were
found: no obesity (73%), chronic obesity (15%), childhood
obesity (5%), and adolescent obesity (7%). Only chronic
obesity was associated with psychiatric disorder:
oppositional defiant disorder in boys and girls and
depressive disorders in boys. CONCLUSIONS: In a general
population sample studied longitudinally, chronic obesity
was associated with psychopathology.},
Doi = {10.1542/peds.111.4.851},
Key = {fds270360}
}
@article{fds270358,
Author = {Silberg, JL and Parr, T and Neale, MC and Rutter, M and Angold, A and Eaves, LJ},
Title = {Maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk to boys' conduct
disturbance: an examination of the causal
hypothesis.},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {53},
Number = {2},
Pages = {130-135},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01477-4},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: We undertook this study to determine whether the
widely replicated link between maternal smoking and conduct
disturbance (Cd) is better explained by a model of direct
causation or of mother-offspring transmission of a latent Cd
variable. METHODS: Family data collected on 538 adolescent
twin boys from the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent
Behavioral Development (VTSABD) was used to compare two
alternative models: 1) a model composed of a latent
transmissible factor that influences mother's juvenile
conduct symptoms, smoking during pregnancy, and subsequent
Cd and smoking in her adolescent boys; and 2) a model
specifying a direct causal path from mother's smoking to
child Cd. RESULTS: The maternal-offspring transmission model
fit the data as well as a model specifying a direct causal
path from maternal smoking to child Cd. CONCLUSIONS: Our
results suggest that the association between maternal
smoking during pregnancy and boys' Cd symptoms may be
attributed to the transmission of a latent Cd factor and not
to a direct effect of the smoking. Our results challenge
previous findings of a direct effect of prenatal smoke
exposure on risk to Cd once other etiologic factors are
considered.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01477-4},
Key = {fds270358}
}
@article{fds270359,
Author = {Farmer, EMZ and Burns, BJ and Phillips, SD and Angold, A and Costello,
EJ},
Title = {Pathways into and through mental health services for
children and adolescents.},
Journal = {Psychiatric Services (Washington, D.C.)},
Volume = {54},
Number = {1},
Pages = {60-66},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1075-2730},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12509668},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study examined points of entry into the
mental health service system for children and adolescents as
well as patterns of movement through five service sectors:
specialty mental health services, education, general
medicine, juvenile justice, and child welfare. METHODS: The
data were from the Great Smoky Mountains Study, a
longitudinal epidemiologic study of mental health problems
and service use among youths. The sample consisted of 1,420
youths who were nine, 11, or 13 years old at study entry.
Each youth and a parent were interviewed at baseline and
every year thereafter about the use of services for mental
health problems over the three-year study period. RESULTS:
Population estimates indicated that 54 percent of youths
have used mental health services at some time during their
lives. The education sector was the most common point of
entry and provider of services across all age groups. The
specialty mental health sector was the second most common
point of entry for youths up to age 13 years, and juvenile
justice was the second most common point of entry for youths
between the ages of 14 and 16. Youths who entered the mental
health system through the specialty mental health sector
were the most likely to subsequently receive services from
other sectors, and those who entered through the education
sector were the least likely to do so. CONCLUSIONS: The
education sector plays a central role as a point of entry
into the mental health system. Interagency collaboration
among three primary sectors-education, specialty mental
health services, and general medicine-is critical to
ensuring that youths who are in need of mental health care
receive appropriate services.},
Doi = {10.1176/appi.ps.54.1.60},
Key = {fds270359}
}
@article{fds270361,
Author = {Pickles, A and Angold, A},
Title = {Natural categories or fundamental dimensions: on carving
nature at the joints and the rearticulation of
psychopathology.},
Journal = {Development and Psychopathology},
Volume = {15},
Number = {3},
Pages = {529-551},
Year = {2003},
ISSN = {0954-5794},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579403000282},
Abstract = {The question of whether to view psychopathology as
categorical or dimensional continues to provoke debate. We
review the many facets of this argument. These include the
pragmatics of measurement; the needs of clinical practice;
our ability to distinguish categories from dimensions
empirically; methods of analysis appropriate to each and how
they relate; and the potential theoretical biases associated
with each approach. We conclude that much of the debate is
misconceived in that we do not observe pathology directly;
rather, we observe its properties. The same pathology can
have some properties that are most easily understood using a
dimensional conceptualization while at the same time having
other properties that are best understood categorically. We
suggest replacing Meehl's analogy involving qualitatively
distinct species with an alternative analogy with the
"duality" of light, a phenomenon with both wave- and
particle-like properties.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0954579403000282},
Key = {fds270361}
}
@article{fds270356,
Author = {Angold, A and Erkanli, A and Silberg, J and Eaves, L and Costello,
EJ},
Title = {Depression scale scores in 8-17-year-olds: effects of age
and gender.},
Journal = {Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied
Disciplines},
Volume = {43},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1052-1063},
Year = {2002},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0021-9630},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12455926},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The excess of unipolar depression in females
emerges in adolescence. However, studies of age effects on
depression scale scores have produced divergent estimates of
changes from childhood to adolescence. METHOD: We explored
possible reasons for this discrepancy in two large,
longitudinal samples of twins and singletons aged 8-17.
RESULTS: There were no differences between twins and
singletons in their scores on the Short Mood and Feelings
Questionnaire (SMFQ), a 13-item self-report depression
scale. SMFQ scores for boys fell over this age-range, while
those for girls fell from age 9 to age 11 and then increased
from age 12 to age 17. The mean scores of girls under 12 and
those 12 and over differed by only around one-fifth of a
standard deviation. However, given the non-normal
distribution of the scores, a cut point that selected the
upper 6% of scores created the expected female:male ratio of
2:1. CONCLUSIONS: Implications for future research on
adolescent depression are discussed.},
Doi = {10.1111/1469-7610.00232},
Key = {fds270356}
}
@article{fds270357,
Author = {Angold, A and Erkanli, A and Farmer, EMZ and Fairbank, JA and Burns, BJ and Keeler, G and Costello, EJ},
Title = {Psychiatric disorder, impairment, and service use in rural
African American and white youth.},
Journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry},
Volume = {59},
Number = {10},
Pages = {893-901},
Year = {2002},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0003-990X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12365876},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Caring for Children in the Community Study
examined the prevalence of DSM-IV psychiatric disorders and
correlates of mental health service use in rural African
American and white youth. METHODS: Four thousand five
hundred youth aged 9 to 17 years from 4 North Carolina
counties were randomly selected from school databases.
Parents completed telephone questionnaires about their
children's behavior problems. A second-stage sample of 1302
was identified for recruitment into the interview phase of
the study, and 920 (70.7%) of these were successfully
interviewed at home using the Child and Adolescent
Psychiatric Assessment and related measures of service use.
RESULTS: Weighted back to general population estimates,
21.1% of youth had 1 or more DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in
the past 3 months. Prevalence was similar in African
American (20.5%) and white (21.9%) youth. The only ethnic
difference was an excess of depressive disorders in white
youth (4.6% vs 1.4%). Thirteen percent of participants
(36.0% of those with a diagnosis) received mental health
care in the past 3 months. White youth were more likely than
African American youth to use specialty mental health
services (6.1% vs 3.2%), but services provided by schools
showed very little ethnic disparity (8.6% vs 9.2%). The
effect of children's symptoms on their parents was the
strongest correlate of specialty mental health care.
CONCLUSIONS: In this rural sample, African American and
white youth were equally likely to have psychiatric
disorders, but African Americans were less likely to use
specialty mental health services. School services provided
care to the largest number of youths of both ethnic
groups.},
Doi = {10.1001/archpsyc.59.10.893},
Key = {fds270357}
}
@article{fds270354,
Author = {Costello, EJ and Erkanli, A and Fairbank, JA and Angold,
A},
Title = {The prevalence of potentially traumatic events in childhood
and adolescence.},
Journal = {Journal of Traumatic Stress},
Volume = {15},
Number = {2},
Pages = {99-112},
Year = {2002},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0894-9867},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12013070},
Abstract = {This paper examines exposure to potentially traumatic events
from middle childhood through adolescence, and vulnerability
to such exposure. Analyses are based on the first 4 annual
waves of data from a longitudinal general population study
of youth in western North Carolina, involving 4,965
interviews with 1,420 children and adolescents and their
parents or guardians. Participants reported on DSM extreme
stressors ("high magnitude events"), other potentially
traumatic events ("low magnitude events"), and background
vulnerability factors. In this general population sample,
one-quarter experienced at least one high magnitude event by
age 16, 6% within the past 3 months. One third experienced a
low magnitude event in the past 3 months. The likelihood of
such exposure increased with the number of vulnerability
factors.},
Doi = {10.1023/A:1014851823163},
Key = {fds270354}
}
@article{fds270355,
Author = {Rowe, R and Maughan, B and Pickles, A and Costello, EJ and Angold,
A},
Title = {The relationship between DSM-IV oppositional defiant
disorder and conduct disorder: findings from the Great Smoky
Mountains Study.},
Journal = {Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied
Disciplines},
Volume = {43},
Number = {3},
Pages = {365-373},
Year = {2002},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00027},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: We examine models of the relationship between
oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder
(CD) in a community sample. Particular attention is paid to
the generalisability of findings based on clinic-referred
boys. METHODS: The analyses were based on four waves of data
from the Great Smoky Mountains Study covering children in
the community aged 9-16 years. Child and parent reports of
DSM-IV symptoms, diagnoses, and a range of family and
environmental adversities were collected using the Child and
Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment. RESULTS: Cross-sectional
analyses indicated that CD and ODD largely shared similar
correlates, although some aspects of parenting appeared more
related to CD than ODD. This pattern was broadly similar in
boys and girls. Longitudinal analyses confirmed that ODD was
a strong risk factor for CD in boys and there was a
suggestion that ODD was a stronger risk factor for CD than
for other common disorders. Atypical family structure was an
important factor in the transition between ODD and CD in
boys. In girls ODD provided no increased risk for later CD
but was associated with increased risk for continued ODD,
depression, and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: These results are more
consistent with a developmental relationship between ODD and
CD in boys than girls.},
Doi = {10.1111/1469-7610.00027},
Key = {fds270355}
}
@article{fds270352,
Author = {Kliewer, W and Murrelle, L and Mejia, R and Torres de G and Y and Angold,
A},
Title = {Exposure to violence against a family member and
internalizing symptoms in Colombian adolescents: the
protective effects of family support.},
Journal = {Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology},
Volume = {69},
Number = {6},
Pages = {971-982},
Year = {2001},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0022-006X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.69.6.971},
Abstract = {Associations between exposure to serious violence against a
family member and internalizing symptoms, and the protective
effects of support from family versus friends, were examined
in 5,775 adolescents (50% female; mean age = 15.2 years, SD
= 2.0) with data from a national, random household survey of
residents in Colombia, South America. After accounting for
the effects of age, gender, and family life events other
than violence, support from family buffered the relations
between exposure to violence and adjustment; this relation
was strongest for girls and younger adolescents. Disclosure
to friends appeared to be protective for younger adolescents
but harmful for older adolescents, and this relation was
only observed for hopelessness. Results are discussed in
terms of cognitive processing models of adjustment to
violence.},
Doi = {10.1037/0022-006X.69.6.971},
Key = {fds270352}
}
@article{fds270348,
Author = {Ezpeleta, L and Keeler, G and Erkanli, A and Costello, EJ and Angold,
A},
Title = {Epidemiology of psychiatric disability in childhood and
adolescence.},
Journal = {Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied
Disciplines},
Volume = {42},
Number = {7},
Pages = {901-914},
Year = {2001},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0021-9630},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11693585},
Abstract = {The goal of the study was to ascertain the factor structure
and prevalence of psychiatric disability in children and
adolescents in relation to demographic variables and
diagnosis. A representative sample of 1,420 children (9-13
years) from 11 countries in North Carolina was followed for
up to 6 years. Children and caretakers were interviewed with
the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment, which
generates DSM-IV diagnoses and includes a measure of
disability secondary to psychological symptoms. Three broad
areas of disability were identified (relating to family,
school, and peers). School disabilities were more common in
boys than girls. while the reverse was true of family
disability. Effects of age were complex, and partially
gender-differentiated. Children from minority ethnic groups
had a higher overall prevalence of school disabilities, and
were more prone than Whites to the disabling effects of
disruptive behavior disorders. Anxiety disorders were as
likely to result in disability as depressive disorders, and
oppositional defiant disorders were more strongly associated
with disability in some areas than was conduct disorder. The
areas where disability is manifested are different depending
on race, gender, age, and the type of disorder suffered. The
implications of these findings for nosology and prevention
are discussed.},
Doi = {10.1111/1469-7610.00786},
Key = {fds270348}
}
@article{fds270346,
Author = {Costello, EJ and Keeler, GP and Angold, A},
Title = {Poverty, race/ethnicity, and psychiatric disorder: a study
of rural children.},
Journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
Volume = {91},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1494-1498},
Year = {2001},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0090-0036},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11527787},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This study examined the effect of poverty on the
prevalence of psychiatric disorder in rural Black and White
children. METHODS: A representative sample of 541 Black
children and 379 White children aged 9 to 17 was drawn from
4 predominantly rural counties. Structured interviews with
parents and children collected information on psychiatric
disorders, absolute and relative poverty, and risk factors
for psychiatric disorder. RESULTS: Three-month prevalence of
psychiatric disorder was similar to that found in other
community samples (20%). Federal criteria for poverty were
met by 18% of the White and 52% of the Black families. Black
and White children were exposed to equal numbers of risk
factors overall, but the association between poverty and
psychopathology was stronger for White children (odds ratio
[OR] = 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1, 4.2) than
for Black children (OR = 1.5; 95% CI = 0.9, 2.6). Family
history of mental illness, poor parenting, and residential
instability mediated this association in both groups.
CONCLUSIONS: In this rural sample, poverty was only weakly
associated with child psychiatric disorders. Risk factors
for both racial/ethnic groups were family mental illness,
multiple moves, lack of parental warmth, lax supervision,
and harsh punishment.},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.91.9.1494},
Key = {fds270346}
}
@article{fds270347,
Author = {Sandberg, S and Rutter, M and Pickles, A and McGuinness, D and Angold,
A},
Title = {Do high-threat life events really provoke the onset of
psychiatric disorder in children?},
Journal = {Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied
Disciplines},
Volume = {42},
Number = {4},
Pages = {523-532},
Year = {2001},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0021-9630},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00746},
Abstract = {Studies on adults have suggested important effects of
stressful life events in provoking onset of psychiatric
disorder. Only a few comparable studies on children exist,
and their results are inconsistent in relation to definite
timing effects. Meeting some important methodological
challenges overlooked in the past research, this study set
out to examine whether the onset of psychiatric disorder in
children was more likely to occur shortly after a severe
event, as compared with other times. The sample consisted of
99 consecutive, newly referred patients, aged 8-16 years,
from a child psychiatry service in London. PACE
(Psychosocial Assessment of Childhood Experiences), an
investigator-based, standardized interview was used to
assess the timing and impact of life events over the
preceding 18 months. CAPA (Child and Adolescent Psychiatric
Assessment), a standardized diagnostic assessment, was used
to establish the presence, timing, and consequential
impairment of child and adolescent psychiatric symptoms. In
a within-subject, over-time design, conditional logistic
regression techniques were employed to examine whether risk
of onset was greater in the 9 weeks following a high-threat
life event than at other times. There was a small but
statistically significant association between child-reported
events and child-reported onset; the associations with
parent-reported onset were inconsistent. Parent-reported
events failed to relate to onset by either source. The study
offers only quite limited support to the notion of negative
life events provoking onset of psychiatric disorder in
children and young people. The possible reasons for this are
discussed, together with important conceptual and
methodological issues to problems of defining onset, and the
choice of appropriate designs for data analysis.},
Doi = {10.1111/1469-7610.00746},
Key = {fds270347}
}
@article{fds270351,
Author = {Erkanli, A and Soyer, R and Angold, A},
Title = {Bayesian analyses of longitudinal binary data using Markov
regression models of unknown order.},
Journal = {Statistics in Medicine},
Volume = {20},
Number = {5},
Pages = {755-770},
Year = {2001},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0277-6715},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11241574},
Abstract = {We present non-homogeneous Markov regression models of
unknown order as a means to assess the duration of
autoregressive dependence in longitudinal binary data. We
describe a subject's transition probability evolving over
time using logistic regression models for his or her past
outcomes and covariates. When the initial values of the
binary process are unknown, they are treated as latent
variables. The unknown initial values, model parameters, and
the order of transitions are then estimated using a Bayesian
variable selection approach, via Gibbs sampling. As a
comparison with our approach, we also implement the deviance
information criterion (DIC) for the determination of the
order of transitions. An example addresses the progression
of substance use in a community sample of n = 242 American
Indian children who were interviewed annually four times. An
extension of the Markov model to account for
subject-to-subject heterogeneity is also
discussed.},
Doi = {10.1002/sim.702},
Key = {fds270351}
}
@article{fds270350,
Author = {Conners, CK and Epstein, JN and March, JS and Angold, A and Wells, KC and Klaric, J and Swanson, JM and Arnold, LE and Abikoff, HB and Elliott,
GR and Greenhill, LL and Hechtman, L and Hinshaw, SP and Hoza, B and Jensen, PS and Kraemer, HC and Newcorn, JH and Pelham, WE and Severe,
JB and Vitiello, B and Wigal, T},
Title = {Multimodal treatment of ADHD in the MTA: an alternative
outcome analysis.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {40},
Number = {2},
Pages = {159-167},
Year = {2001},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11211364},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To conduct a post hoc investigation of the
utility of a single composite measure of treatment outcome
for the NIMH Collaborative Multisite Multimodal Treatment
Study of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder (MTA) at 14 months postbaseline. BACKGROUND:
Examination of multiple measures one at a time in the main
MTA intent-to-treat outcome analyses failed to detect a
statistically significant advantage of combined treatment
(Comb) over medication management (MedMgt). A measure that
increases power and precision using a single outcome score
may be a useful alternative to multiple outcome measures.
METHOD: Factor analysis of baseline scores yielded two
"source factors" (parent and teacher) and one "instrument
factor" (parent-child interactions). A composite score was
created from the average of standardized parent and teacher
measures. RESULTS: The composite was internally consistent
(alpha = .83), reliable (test-retest over 3 months = 0.86),
and correlated 0.61 with clinician global judgments. In an
intent-to-treat analysis, Comb was statistically
significantly better than all other treatments, with effect
sizes ranging from small (0.28) versus MedMgt, to moderately
large (0.70) versus a community comparison group.
CONCLUSIONS: A composite of ADHD variables may be an
important tool in future treatment trials with ADHD and may
avoid some of the statistical limitations of multiple
measures.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-200102000-00010},
Key = {fds270350}
}
@article{fds270349,
Author = {Gotlib, D},
Title = {Effectiveness of mental health services.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {40},
Number = {1},
Pages = {2-4},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200101000-00003},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-200101000-00003},
Key = {fds270349}
}
@article{fds270353,
Author = {Farmer, EMZ and Burns, BJ and Chapman, MV and Phillips, SD and Angold,
A and Costello, EJ},
Title = {Use of mental health services by youth in contact with
social services},
Journal = {Social Service Review},
Volume = {75},
Number = {4},
Pages = {604-624},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/323165},
Abstract = {This article compares mental health service need and use
among three groups of children: those with a history of
foster care placement, those in contact with departments of
social services but never in placement, and those from
impoverished families who have not been in contact with
social services. Data come from a longitudinal epidemiologic
study of mental health problems and service use. All three
groups show very high rates of mental health problems, but
children in foster are or in contact with social services
are significantly more likely than children living in
poverty to receive mental health services.},
Doi = {10.1086/323165},
Key = {fds270353}
}
@article{fds328551,
Author = {Angold, A},
Title = {Effectiveness of mental health services},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {40},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3-4},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200101000-00004},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-200101000-00004},
Key = {fds328551}
}
@article{fds270341,
Author = {Willoughby, MT and Curran, PJ and Costello, EJ and Angold,
A},
Title = {Implications of early versus late onset of
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
symptoms.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {39},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1512-1519},
Year = {2000},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200012000-00013},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The current diagnostic criteria for
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) require that
symptoms emerge prior to age 7 in order for a formal
diagnosis to be considered. However, this age-of-onset
criterion (AOC) has recently been questioned on both
theoretical and empirical grounds. METHOD: Data from 4
annual waves of interviews with 9- to 16-year-olds from the
Great Smoky Mountains Study were analyzed. RESULTS:
Confirming previous studies, a majority of youths who had
enough symptoms to meet criteria for ADHD were reported to
have first exhibited these symptoms prior to age 7. Early
onset of ADHD symptoms was associated with worse clinical
outcomes in youths with the combined subtype of ADHD but not
youths with the inattentive subtype. CONCLUSIONS: Findings
support the continued inclusion of the AOC for the
assessment of the combined but not necessarily the
inattentive subtype of ADHD. Too few youths had a late onset
of solely hyperactive-impulsive symptoms to evaluate the AOC
for that group. However, regardless of the age of onset,
youths who had elevated levels of ADHD symptoms were at
increased risk for negative outcomes that may necessitate
intervention.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-200012000-00013},
Key = {fds270341}
}
@article{fds270340,
Author = {Angold, A and Erkanli, A and Egger, HL and Costello,
EJ},
Title = {Stimulant treatment for children: a community
perspective.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {39},
Number = {8},
Pages = {975-984},
Year = {2000},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10939226},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the use of prescribed stimulants in
relation to research diagnoses of attention-deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a community sample of
children. METHOD: Data from 4 annual waves of interviews
with 9- to 16-year-olds from the Great Smoky Mountains Study
were analyzed. RESULTS: Over a 4-year period, almost three
quarters of children with an unequivocal diagnosis of ADHD
received stimulant medications. However, girls and older
children with ADHD were less likely to receive such
treatment. Most children with impairing ADHD symptoms not
meeting full criteria for DSM-III-R ADHD did not receive
stimulant treatment. Stimulant treatment in this group was
significantly related to the level of symptoms reported by
parents and teachers and was much more common in individuals
who met criteria for oppositional defiant disorder. The
majority of individuals who received stimulants were never
reported by their parents to have any impairing ADHD
symptoms. They did have higher levels of nonimpairing
parent-reported ADHD symptoms, higher levels of
teacher-reported ADHD symptoms, and interviewer-observed
ADHD behaviors, but these typically fell far below the
threshold for a DSM-III-R diagnosis of ADHD. CONCLUSIONS: In
this area of the Great Smoky Mountains, stimulant treatment
was being used in ways substantially inconsistent with
current diagnostic guidelines.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-200008000-00009},
Key = {fds270340}
}
@article{fds270342,
Author = {Angold, A and Costello, EJ and Burns, BJ and Erkanli, A and Farmer,
EM},
Title = {Effectiveness of nonresidential specialty mental health
services for children and adolescents in the "real
world".},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {39},
Number = {2},
Pages = {154-160},
Year = {2000},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10673824},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Although many studies demonstrate the efficacy of
a variety of treatments for child and adolescent psychiatric
disorders, studies showing the effectiveness of such
treatments in ordinary clinical settings have not been
forthcoming. This report presents a study of the
effectiveness of outpatient treatment in a community sample
of 9- to 16-year-olds. METHOD: Four annual waves of data
were collected from a representative sample of 1,422
children and their parents in the southeastern United
States. Interviews were conducted with the Child and
Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment to determine clinical
status and the Child and Adolescent impact Assessment to
measure the impact of psychiatric disorder on the lives of
the children's families. RESULTS: Treated individuals were
more severely disturbed and showed deterioration in their
clinical status, even before they received treatment,
indicating that comparisons with untreated individuals
required controls not only for pretreatment clinical status,
but for pretreatment clinical trajectory. A significant
dose-response relationship was found between the number of
specialty mental health treatment sessions received and
improvement in symptoms at follow-up. However, no effect of
treatment on secondary psychosocial impairment or parental
impact was identified. CONCLUSIONS: Child and adolescent
outpatient psychiatric treatment has positive effects on
psychiatric symptoms, even when conducted outside the
academic units where efficacy research usually takes place.
The dose of treatment required to produce such effects (more
than 8 sessions) suggests that attempts to limit child
psychiatric treatment to very short-term interventions may
be counterproductive.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-200002000-00013},
Key = {fds270342}
}
@article{fds270343,
Author = {Maughan, B and Pickles, A and Rowe, R and Costello, EJ and Angold,
A},
Title = {Developmental Trajectories of Aggressive and Non-Aggressive
Conduct Problems},
Journal = {Journal of Quantitative Criminology},
Volume = {16},
Number = {2},
Pages = {199-221},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007516622688},
Abstract = {Modeling the heterogeneous trajectories along which
antisocial behavior develops in childhood and adolescence
may contribute in important ways to understanding
antecedents of offending in adult life. This paper examines
the development of aggressive and non-aggressive conduct
problems in the Great Smoky Mountains Study of Youth, a
longitudinal study in the southeastern United States.
Aggressive and non-aggressive conduct problems of clinical
severity, police contact and arrest, and family and
environmental correlates were assessed in four annual
interviews for 789 boys and 630 girls aged 9-13 at first
interview. The best fitting latent class model identified
three developmental trajectories: stable low problem levels,
stable high problem levels, and declining levels of conduct
problems, for both aggressive and non-aggressive behaviors.
Boys were over-represented in the stable high trajectory
class on the aggressive trajectory, but sex differences in
non-aggressive trajectories were less marked. The overlap
between aggressive and non-aggressive trajectory classes was
quite limited. Both classifications showed strong
associations with risks of police contact and arrest in
early adolescence, and with measures of family adversity.
The results are discussed in relation to developmental
models of conduct disorder and delinquency.},
Doi = {10.1023/A:1007516622688},
Key = {fds270343}
}
@article{fds270345,
Author = {Angold, A and Costello, EJ},
Title = {The Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment
(CAPA).},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {39},
Number = {1},
Pages = {39-48},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10638066},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric
Assessment (CAPA). The base interview covers the age range
from 9 to 17 years. METHOD: The interview glossary that
provides detailed operational definitions of symptoms and
severity ratings is described, and psychometric data and
further developments of the interview are presented.
RESULTS: Across 5,962 parent-child interviews, the core
sections of the CAPA (psychiatric symptoms, functional
impairment, demographics, family structure and functioning)
took on average 59 minutes for children and 66 minutes for
parents. Test-retest reliability for diagnoses ranged from
kappa = 0.55 for conduct disorder (CD) to kappa = 1.0 for
substance abuse/dependence. Validity as judged by 10
different criteria was good. Developments of the CAPA
include a shorter "gateway" version using core symptoms as
screen items, a Spanish version, and versions for twin
studies, use with young adults (YAPA), and preschool-age
children (PAPA). CONCLUSIONS: There is a place in both
research and clinical settings for a rigorously
operationalized interview (such as the CAPA) that focuses on
ensuring that respondents understand what is being asked and
on clearly defining levels of symptom severity and
functional impairment.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-200001000-00015},
Key = {fds270345}
}
@article{fds270339,
Author = {McDade, TW and Stallings, JF and Angold, A and Costello, EJ and Burleson, M and Cacioppo, JT and Glaser, R and Worthman,
CM},
Title = {Epstein-Barr virus antibodies in whole blood spots: a
minimally invasive method for assessing an aspect of
cell-mediated immunity.},
Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine},
Volume = {62},
Number = {4},
Pages = {560-567},
Year = {2000},
ISSN = {0033-3174},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200007000-00015},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Study 1: Introduce and validate a method for
measuring EBV p18-VCA antibodies in whole blood spots to
provide a minimally invasive marker of cell-mediated immune
function. Study 2: Apply this method to a large
community-based study of psychopathology in children and
adolescents. METHODS: The EBV antibody method was evaluated
through analysis of precision, reliability, stability, and
comparisons with plasma and indirect immunofluorescence
methods. The effects of life events on p18-VCA antibody
level were considered in a subsample of 9, 11, and 13
year-old children participating in the Great Smoky Mountains
Study in North Carolina. The subsample was stratified by
age, sex, and degree of overall life strain. RESULTS: Dried
blood spots provided a convenient, sensitive, precise, and
reliable method for measuring EBV p18-VCA antibody titer.
Life events were positively associated with p18-VCA
antibodies in girls but not in boys. CONCLUSIONS: The
validity of the blood spot EBV p18-VCA antibody assay, as
well as the ease of sample collection, storage, and
transportation, may provide an opportunity for
psychoneuroimmunology to explore a wider range of stress
models in larger, community-based studies.},
Doi = {10.1097/00006842-200007000-00015},
Key = {fds270339}
}
@article{fds270344,
Author = {Costello, EJ and Angold, A},
Title = {Developmental psychopathology and public health: past,
present, and future.},
Journal = {Development and Psychopathology},
Volume = {12},
Number = {4},
Pages = {599-618},
Year = {2000},
ISSN = {0954-5794},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11202035},
Abstract = {Children's healthy mental development has never been the
focus of long-term, committed public health policy in the
way that early physical health and development have been. We
discuss four types of societal response to illness-cure,
care, control, and prevention--and trace the history of
public health in terms of its special responsibility to
control and prevent disease. We identify four periods in the
history of public health: the Sanitarian era (up to 1850),
the Bacterial era (1850-1950), the Behavioral era
(1950-present), and the Communitarian era (the next
century). Looking at this history from the viewpoint of the
developmental psychopathology of the first 2 decades of
life, we trace progress in public health responses to
children with mental illness, from a philosophy of control
by isolation toward one of preventive intervention. We
examine primary, or universal, prevention strategies that
have been tried, and we suggest some that might be worth
reconsidering.},
Doi = {10.1017/s095457940000403x},
Key = {fds270344}
}
@article{fds270331,
Author = {Canino, G and Costello, EJ and Angold, A},
Title = {Assessing Functional Impairment and Social Adaptation for
Child Mental Health Services Research: A Review of
Measures},
Journal = {Mental Health Services Research},
Volume = {1},
Number = {2},
Pages = {93-108},
Year = {1999},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1522-3434},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022334303731},
Abstract = {The need for assessing impairment in functioning as an
integral part of child mental health services research is
discussed. Methodologic difficulties related to problems in
case definition, the conceptual definition of impairment and
social adaptation, and the assessment of the construct
across cultures are also addressed. In addition, a critical
review of existing child impairment measures with published
psychometric properties is presented. The measures are
divided into three types: measures of global impairment,
domain-specific measures, and symptom-specific measures. The
paper concludes that the choice of the measure to use in
health services research needs to be determined according to
the main goals of the study, the population in which the
instrument is going to be used, and the interviewer's
knowledge of the child. Other characteristics of the
measures of impairment that the researcher should consider
are also discussed.},
Doi = {10.1023/A:1022334303731},
Key = {fds270331}
}
@article{fds270333,
Author = {Angold, A and Costello, EJ and Erkanli, A and Worthman,
CM},
Title = {Pubertal changes in hormone levels and depression in
girls.},
Journal = {Psychological Medicine},
Volume = {29},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1043-1053},
Year = {1999},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0033-2917},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10576297},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Throughout their reproductive years, women
suffer from a higher prevalence of depression than men.
Before puberty, however, this is not the case. In an earlier
study, we found that reaching Tanner Stage III of puberty
was associated with increased levels of depression in girls.
This paper examines whether the morphological changes
associated with puberty (as measured by Tanner stage) or the
hormonal changes underlying them are more strongly
associated with increased rates of depression in adolescent
girls. METHODS: Data from three annual waves of interviews
with 9 to 15-year-olds from the Great Smoky Mountains study
were analysed. RESULTS: Models including the effects of
testosterone and oestradiol eliminated the apparent effect
of Tanner stage. The effect of testosterone was non-linear.
FSH and LH had no effects on the probability of being
depressed. CONCLUSIONS: These findings argue against
theories that explain the emergence of the female excess of
depression in adulthood in terms of changes in body
morphology and their resultant psychosocial effects on
social interactions and self-perception. They suggest that
causal explanations of the increase in depression in females
need to focus on factors associated with changes in androgen
and oestrogen levels rather than the morphological changes
of puberty.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0033291799008946},
Key = {fds270333}
}
@article{fds270338,
Author = {Costello, EJ and Erkanli, A and Federman, E and Angold,
A},
Title = {Development of psychiatric comorbidity with substance abuse
in adolescents: effects of timing and sex.},
Journal = {Journal of Clinical Child Psychology},
Volume = {28},
Number = {3},
Pages = {298-311},
Year = {1999},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0047-228X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10446679},
Abstract = {Examined the impact of childhood psychiatric disorders on
the prevalence and timing of substance use and abuse and
tested for sex differences. A representative population
sample of 1,420 children, ages 9, 11, and 13 at intake, were
interviewed annually. American Indians and youth with
behavioral problems were oversampled; data were weighted
back to population levels for analysis. By age 16, more than
half the sample reported substance use, and 6% had abuse or
dependence. Alcohol use began by age 9, and smoking in the
13th year. Mean onset of dependence was 14.8 years, and mean
onset of abuse was 15.1 years. Substance use began earlier
in boys, but not girls, who later developed abuse or
dependence. Disruptive behavior disorders and depression
were associated with a higher rate and earlier onset of
substance use and abuse in both sexes, but anxiety predicted
later onset of smoking. Family drug problems were the
strongest correlate of early onset. Despite differences in
prevalence of psychopathology, boys and girls showed more
similarities than differences in the course of early
substance use and abuse, and its associations with
psychopathology.},
Doi = {10.1207/S15374424jccp280302},
Key = {fds270338}
}
@article{fds270337,
Author = {Egger, HL and Costello, EJ and Erkanli, A and Angold,
A},
Title = {Somatic complaints and psychopathology in children and
adolescents: stomach aches, musculoskeletal pains, and
headaches.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {38},
Number = {7},
Pages = {852-860},
Year = {1999},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10405503},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations of somatic complaints
with DSM-III-R-defined depression, anxiety disorders,
conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in a
population-based sample of children and adolescents.
METHODS: Data from 4 annual waves of interviews with 9- to
16-year-olds from the Great Smoky Mountains Study were
analyzed. RESULTS: Overall, somatic complaints were strongly
associated with emotional disorders in girls and with
disruptive behavior disorders in boys. For girls, stomach
aches and headaches together and musculoskeletal pains alone
were associated with anxiety disorders. For boys, stomach
aches were associated with oppositional defiant disorder and
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Musculoskeletal
pains were associated with depression in both girls and
boys. CONCLUSIONS: There were gender-, illness- and
complaint-specific associations between somatic complaints
and psychopathology. It appears likely that there are
differences in the psychobiological processes underlying
these associations in boys and girls. Clinical
recommendations include screening children and adolescents
with persistent complaints of headaches, stomach aches, or
musculoskeletal pains for psychiatric disorders with an
awareness that gender may affect the type of psychopathology
associated with the somatic complaints.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-199907000-00015},
Key = {fds270337}
}
@article{fds270334,
Author = {Costello, EJ and Angold, A and Keeler, GP},
Title = {Adolescent outcomes of childhood disorders: the consequences
of severity and impairment.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {38},
Number = {2},
Pages = {121-128},
Year = {1999},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9951210},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the adolescent consequences of
clinical and threshold-level psychiatric disorders, with and
without significant functional impairment; to predict
serious emotional disturbance (SED: clinical-level diagnosis
with impairment); and to examine sex differences in the
consequences of emotional and behavioral disorders. METHOD:
300 children aged 7 through 11 years were recruited from
urban and suburban offices of a large health maintenance
organization (HMO). Child and parent were interviewed at
home using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children
(DISC), version 1.3. Five to 7 years later, 278 (93%) of the
sample were reinterviewed using the DISC-2.1. RESULTS: There
was considerable continuity of psychopathology, particularly
in children with functional impairment. Behavioral disorders
at every level of severity predicted adolescent SED in both
sexes. For emotional disorders, girls but not boys with
childhood SED had significantly higher levels of adolescent
SED. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood disorders falling below the
level of severity required to meet criteria for treatment
set by many HMOs or insurance companies nevertheless can
carry a significantly increased risk for severe pathology
years later. Functional impairment played an important role
in the adolescent consequences of childhood psychiatric
disorder.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-199902000-00010},
Key = {fds270334}
}
@article{fds270335,
Author = {Angold, A and Costello, EJ and Farmer, EM and Burns, BJ and Erkanli,
A},
Title = {Impaired but undiagnosed.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {38},
Number = {2},
Pages = {129-137},
Year = {1999},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9951211},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and outcomes of
individuals with psychosocial impairment not meeting
DSM-III-R criteria for any of 29 well-defined disorders and
to suggest operational definitions for not otherwise
specified (NOS) diagnoses and V codes. METHODS: Two-stage
general population sampling resulted in 1,015 youths aged 9,
11, and 13 years being interviewed in the first wave of the
Great Smoky Mountains Study. They were reinterviewed 1 year
later using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment.
RESULTS: The weighted prevalence of sibling relational
problems was found to be 1.4%. That of parent-child
relational problems was 3.6% and that of relational problems
NOS was 0.6%. The overall rate of symptomatic impairment was
9.4%. Across a variety of "caseness measures," those with
symptomatic impairment proved to be more disturbed than
those without either a diagnosis or impairment, and as
disturbed as those with a diagnosis but without impairment.
CONCLUSION: Children and adolescents who do not meet
DSM-III-R criteria for any well-defined disorder but who
have symptoms associated with psychosocial impairment should
be regarded as suffering from a psychiatric disorder. It is
suggested that researchers adopt this definition for the
many NOS diagnoses included in the DSM nosology and
implement it in their research diagnostic
algorithms.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-199902000-00011},
Key = {fds270335}
}
@article{fds270336,
Author = {Farmer, EM and Stangl, DK and Burns, BJ and Costello, EJ and Angold,
A},
Title = {Use, persistence, and intensity: patterns of care for
children's mental health across one year.},
Journal = {Community Mental Health Journal},
Volume = {35},
Number = {1},
Pages = {31-46},
Year = {1999},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0010-3853},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10094508},
Abstract = {This paper explores the use, persistence, and intensity of
services for children's mental health problems across a
variety of service sectors during a one year period. Data
come from the Great Smoky Mountains Study. Analyses focus on
children's psychiatric symptomatology and impairment,
service use, and factors that may influence the relationship
between psychiatric problems and service use across a one
year period. Findings show that approximately 20% of
children used some mental health services from some sector
during the year. Child's symptomatology and characteristics
of parents were associated with use and persistence of
services. Parent's perceptions of impact on the family were
associated with service use, persistence, and
intensity.},
Doi = {10.1023/a:1018743908617},
Key = {fds270336}
}
@article{fds270332,
Author = {Costello, EJ and Angold, A and March, J and Fairbank,
J},
Title = {Life events and post-traumatic stress: the development of a
new measure for children and adolescents.},
Journal = {Psychological Medicine},
Volume = {28},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1275-1288},
Year = {1998},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0033-2917},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9854269},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: A new interview measure of life events and
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been developed for
children and adolescents aged 9 through 17, for use in both
epidemiological and clinical studies. It includes 'high
magnitude' events associated with PTSD as well as other 'low
magnitude' events. METHOD: The interview is designed as a
module of the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment,
an interviewer-based interview conducted with parent and
child separately by trained lay interviewers. The module
includes: (1) questions about a wide range of events; (2) a
screen for key PTSD symptoms (painful recall, avoidance,
hypervigilance); and (3) a detailed interview on all PTSD
symptoms, including onset, duration, severity and
co-morbidity. A test-retest reliability study was conducted
with 58 parents and children, who were interviewed twice by
different interviewers. RESULTS: Intraclass correlations
were 0.72 (child) and 0.83 (parent) for high magnitude
events, and 0.62 (child) and 0.58 (parent) for low magnitude
events. Kappa coefficients ranged from high for violence and
sexual abuse to low for child reports of serious accidents
and natural disasters. The reliability of the PTSD screen
symptoms was fair to excellent (kappa = 0.40-0.79), and
reliability of PTSD symptoms in those who passed the screen
was excellent (ICC = 0.94-0.99). Compared with a general
population sample (N = 1015), the clinic-referred subjects
and their parents were twice as likely to report a traumatic
event and, depending on the event, up to 25 times as likely
to report symptoms of PTSD. CONCLUSIONS: The results support
the reliability and discriminant validity of the
measure.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0033291798007569},
Key = {fds270332}
}
@article{fds270330,
Author = {Egger, HL and Angold, A and Costello, EJ},
Title = {Headaches and psychopathology in children and
adolescents.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {37},
Number = {9},
Pages = {951-958},
Year = {1998},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9735614},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between chronic
headaches and DSM-III-R-defined psychiatric disorders,
including depression, anxiety disorders, conduct disorder,
oppositional defiant disorder and attention-deficit
hyperactivity disorder, in a population-based sample of
children and adolescents. METHOD: 1,013 children aged 9 to
15 years in the Great Smoky Mountains Study were evaluated
annually over a 3-year period using the Child and Adolescent
Psychiatric Assessment, a child and parent diagnostic
psychiatric interview. Headaches that lasted at least 1 hour
and occurred at least once a week during the 3 months prior
to the interview were studied. RESULTS: Girls with
depression and anxiety disorders had a significantly greater
prevalence of headaches than girls without an internalizing
disorder. This association was not found for boys. Conduct
disorder was significantly associated with headaches in
boys. Each of these associations was constant with age.
CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that a distinct gender
difference exists between boys and girls in the associations
between headaches and psychopathology. Carroll's theory of
dysfunction in central pain regulation as an underlying
cause of depression is discussed in relation to the proposed
serotonergic dysregulation common to headaches, depression,
anxiety, aggression, and pain.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-199809000-00015},
Key = {fds270330}
}
@article{fds270329,
Author = {Erkanli, A and Soyer, R and Angold, A},
Title = {Optimal Bayesian two-phase designs},
Journal = {Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference},
Volume = {66},
Number = {1},
Pages = {175-191},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3758(97)00075-x},
Abstract = {In this paper we present a Bayesian decision theoretic
approach to the two-phase design problem. The solution of
such sequential decision problems is usually difficult to
obtain because of their reliance on preposterior analysis.
In overcoming this problem, we adopt the Monte-Carlo-based
approach of Müller and Parmigiani (1995) and develop
optimal Bayesian designs for two-phase screening tests. A
rather attractive feature of the Monte Carlo approach is
that it facilitates the preposterior analysis by replacing
it with a sequence of scatter plot smoothing/regression
techniques and optimization of the corresponding fitted
surfaces. The method is illustrated for depression in
adolescents using data from past studies. © 1998 Elsevier
Science B.V.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0378-3758(97)00075-x},
Key = {fds270329}
}
@article{fds270326,
Author = {Angold, A and Costello, EJ and Worthman, CM},
Title = {Puberty and depression: the roles of age, pubertal status
and pubertal timing.},
Journal = {Psychological Medicine},
Volume = {28},
Number = {1},
Pages = {51-61},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0033-2917},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9483683},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Previous work has indicated that the 2:1
female:male sex ratio in unipolar depressive disorders does
not emerge until some time between ages 10 and 15. METHODS:
Data from four annual waves of data collection from the
Great Smoky Mountains Study (GSMS) involving children aged
nine to 16 were employed. RESULTS: Pubertal status better
predicted the emergence of the expected sex ratio than did
age. Only after the transition to mid-puberty (Tanner Stage
III and above) were girls more likely than boys to be
depressed. The timing of this transition had no effect on
depression rates. Before Tanner Stage III, boys had higher
rates of depression than girls, and the prevalence of
depression appeared to fall in boys at an earlier pubertal
stage than that at which it began to rise in girls. In
addition, recent transition to Tanner Stage III or higher
had a transient effect in reducing the prevalence of
depression in boys. CONCLUSIONS: The period of emergence of
increased risk for depression in adolescent girls appears to
be a relatively sharply demarcated developmental transition
occurring in mid-puberty. Previously reported effects of the
timing of puberty (which have tended to be transient)
appeared less important in increase of risk for depression
than pubertal status.},
Doi = {10.1017/s003329179700593x},
Key = {fds270326}
}
@article{fds270328,
Author = {Angold, A and Messer, SC and Stangl, D and Farmer, EM and Costello, EJ and Burns, BJ},
Title = {Perceived parental burden and service use for child and
adolescent psychiatric disorders.},
Journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
Volume = {88},
Number = {1},
Pages = {75-80},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0090-0036},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9584037},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Pediatric chronic physical illness and adult
psychiatric disorders are substantial sources of burden for
family care-takers, but little attention has been paid to
parental burden resulting from children's or adolescents'
psychiatric disorders. This paper describes the predictors
of perceived parental burden and its impact on the use of
specialty mental health and school services. METHODS: A
representative general population sample of 1015 9-, 11-,
and 13-year-olds and their parents completed structured
psychiatric diagnostic interviews and the Child and
Adolescent Burden Assessment. RESULTS: Weighted estimates
indicated that 10.7% of parents in the general population
perceived burden resulting from their children's
symptomatology. Significant predictors of perceived burden
were levels of child symptomatology and impairment and
parental mental health problems. Children's depressive and
anxiety disorders were associated with less burden than
other diagnoses. The effects of child disorder severity on
specialty mental health service use appeared to be mediated
by the level of burden induced. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial
levels of parental burden resulted from child psychiatric
disorders and were a major reason for specialist mental
health service use.},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.88.1.75},
Key = {fds270328}
}
@article{fds270327,
Author = {Costello, EJ and Farmer, EM and Angold, A and Burns, BJ and Erkanli,
A},
Title = {Psychiatric disorders among American Indian and white youth
in Appalachia: the Great Smoky Mountains
Study.},
Journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
Volume = {87},
Number = {5},
Pages = {827-832},
Year = {1997},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0090-0036},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9184514},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This study examined prevalence of psychiatric
disorders, social and family risk factors for disorders, and
met and unmet needs for mental health care among Appalachian
youth. METHODS: All 9-, 11-, and 13-year-old American Indian
children in an 11-county area of the southern Appalachians
were recruited, together with a representative sample of the
surrounding population of White children. RESULTS:
Three-month prevalences of psychiatric disorders were
similar (American Indian, 16.7%; White, 19.2%). Substance
use was more common in American Indian children (9.0% vs
3.8% in White children), as was comorbidity of substance use
and psychiatric disorder (2.5% vs 0.9%). American Indian
poverty, family adversity (e.g., parental unemployment,
welfare dependency), and family deviance (parental violence,
substance abuse, and crime) rates were higher, but the rate
of family mental illness, excluding substance abuse, was
lower. Child psychiatric disorder and mental health service
use were associated with family mental illness in both
ethnic groups but were associated with poverty and family
deviance only in White children. Despite lower financial
barriers, American Indian children used fewer mental health
services. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that poverty and
crime play different roles in different communities in the
etiology of child psychiatric disorder.},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.87.5.827},
Key = {fds270327}
}
@article{fds270325,
Author = {Federman, EB and Costello, EJ and Angold, A and Farmer, EM and Erkanli,
A},
Title = {Development of substance use and psychiatric comorbidity in
an epidemiologic study of white and American Indian young
adolescents the Great Smoky Mountains Study.},
Journal = {Drug and Alcohol Dependence},
Volume = {44},
Number = {2-3},
Pages = {69-78},
Year = {1997},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0376-8716},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9088778},
Abstract = {The progression of substance use and the patterns of
comorbidity of substance use and psychiatric disorders are
explored prospectively in young adolescents enrolled in the
Great Smoky Mountains Study. This study is an epidemiologic
study of white and American Indian youths living in rural
Southern Appalachia. Results from this study indicate that
alcohol use without permission predicts subsequent use of
illicit drugs and regular tobacco use. Use of tobacco was
not associated with either later alcohol or drug use.
Patterns of comorbidity showed strong cross-sectional
relationships between substance use and behavioral
disorders, but not emotional disorders. Use of alcohol was
also associated with psychiatric diagnosis at a later
interview. There were some differences between white and
American Indian youths in the pattern of comorbidity of
tobacco use and psychiatric disorder and the relationship
between prior psychiatric disorder and later alcohol use.
These findings suggest that alcohol use without permission
may be an important marker for youths who are at risk for
illicit drug use and/or psychiatric diagnoses.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0376-8716(96)01317-8},
Key = {fds270325}
}
@article{fds270320,
Author = {Messer, SC and Angold, A and Costello, EJ and Burns,
BJ},
Title = {The child and adolescent burden assessment (CABA): Measuring
the family impact of emotional and behavioral
problems},
Journal = {International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric
Research},
Volume = {6},
Number = {4},
Pages = {261-284},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1049-8931},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1234-988x(199612)6:4<261::aid-mpr169>3.3.co;2-},
Abstract = {Background: Though adult psychiatric disorders have been
found to be substantial sources of burden for family
caretakers, little attention has been paid to the
measurement of burden resulting from children's psychiatric
disturbance, or to its measurement. The purpose of the
present study was to describe the development and
characteristics of such a measure, the Child and Adolescent
Burden Assessment (CABA). Methods: The psychometric
properties of the CABA were examined in both general
population and clinical samples. Psychometric properties
assessed included factor composition, internal consistency,
test-retest reliability, and criterion-related validity.
Results: Factor analyses demonstrated a robust general
'burden' construct in both the community and clinical
samples. Internal consistency reliability estimates were
high (coefficient a> .80). Test-retest stability over a
one-week period was adequate (ICC = 0.67) in a small
clinical sample. Criterion-related validity was supported in
comparisons of mean burden levels between community and
clinical samples. Conclusions: The CABA appears to be a
promising instrument for the measurement of family burden
associated with childhood psychiatric disorders.
Psychometrically, the CABA performs adequately.
Theoretically, the burden construct may prove useful in
models of service use, mental health outcomes, and the
progress of family adaptation. © 1996 by John Wiley & Sons,
Ltd.},
Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1234-988x(199612)6:4<261::aid-mpr169>3.3.co;2-},
Key = {fds270320}
}
@article{fds270322,
Author = {Angold, A and Jane Costello and E},
Title = {The relative diagnostic utility of child and parent reports
of oppositional defiant behaviors},
Journal = {International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric
Research},
Volume = {6},
Number = {4},
Pages = {253-259},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1049-8931},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1234-988x(199612)6:4<253::aid-mpr170>3.3.co;2-},
Abstract = {It has been suggested that parents are better reporters of
oppositional defiant behaviors than are children themselves
and that this may be a reason to ignore child reports in the
assessment of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Using
data from the Great Smoky Mountains Study, a community study
1,015 of nine-, eleven-, and thirteen-yearold children, we
found that, indeed, children on average reported lower
frequencies of all oppositional defiant behaviors than their
parents reported about them. However, their reports of such
behaviors and psychosocial impairment had a substantial
effect on the rate of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD).
Where child reports were required for the DSM-IV criteria
ODD criteria to be met, rates of several 'validity' criteria
and measures of outcome one year later were as high as when
parent reports alone were sufficient to make the diagnosis.
We conclude that child self reports of oppositional defiant
symptoms are an important part of the assessment of ODD in
both research applications and clinical practice. © 1996 by
John Wil'ey & Sons, Ltd.},
Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1234-988x(199612)6:4<253::aid-mpr170>3.3.co;2-},
Key = {fds270322}
}
@article{fds270323,
Author = {Farmer, EMZ and Burns, BJ and Angold, A and Costello,
EJ},
Title = {Impact of Children's Mental Health Problems on Families:
Relationships with Service Use},
Journal = {Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders},
Volume = {5},
Number = {4},
Pages = {230-238},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106342669700500406},
Abstract = {Impact on the family resulting from children's emotional and
behavioral problems, with particular attention to
relationships between such family impact and use of mental
health services, is explored in this article. Data come from
the Great Smoky Mountains Study, an epidemiologic,
longitudinal study of children's mental health problems and
service use in a rural region of the southeastern United
States. Reported measures include the Child and Adolescent
Psychiatric Assessment, Child and Adolescent Service
Assessment, and Child and Adolescent Impact Assessment.
Youths who first used services when they were 10-15 years of
age showed significantly higher rates and levels of family
impact than similar youths who did not enter services. Such
impacts were most notable in the areas of parental
well-being (e.g., depression, worries) and parents' sense of
competence to handle the child's problems. Youths in this
age range who used services but were not new to the system
showed somewhat higher rates of family impact than youths
who were new to the system, particularly in the area of
parental use of mental health services. We discuss these
findings in terms of service provision and further research
needs.},
Doi = {10.1177/106342669700500406},
Key = {fds270323}
}
@article{fds270324,
Author = {Burns, BJ and Costello, EJ and Erkanli, A and Tweed, DL and Farmer, EMZ and Angold, A},
Title = {Insurance coverage and mental health services use by
adolescents with serious emotional disturbance},
Journal = {Journal of Child and Family Studies},
Volume = {6},
Number = {1},
Pages = {89-111},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1062-1024},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025024808146},
Abstract = {This paper examines the relationships between insurance
coverage, need, and mental health services in a
community-based sample of 1,015youths who were 9, 11, and 13
years old at the beginning of the study. They were followed
over a two-year period. A strong measure of need based on a
standardized diagnostic interview was available and repeated
over three annual waves. Data on service use was collected
quarterly across two years. Major findings included: (a)
high need (serious emotional disturbance [SED]) was strongly
related to use of any mental health services; (b) services
use was much more likely to occur with public (Medicaid)
insurance coverage than either private or no insurance; (c)
considerable unmet need was observed even for youths with
SED; (d) school-based mental health services potentially
substituted for professional mental health services; and (e)
there was little unnecessary use of mental health services
in the low need group. The major policy implication of these
findings is that the regulation of insurance benefits should
be based on level of need, rather than on arbitrary limits
which are likely to either reduce the probability of or
appropriate amount of care for youths who most need mental
health services. © 1997 Human Sciences Press,
Inc.},
Doi = {10.1023/A:1025024808146},
Key = {fds270324}
}
@article{fds270314,
Author = {Angold, A and Costello, EJ and Messer, SC},
Title = {Development of a short questionnaire for use in
epidemiological studies of depression in children and
adolescents},
Journal = {International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric
Research},
Volume = {5},
Number = {4},
Pages = {237-249},
Year = {1996},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1049-8931},
Abstract = {The purpose of the present study was to describe the
development and assess the psychometric properties of the
Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ). The SMFQ is a
brief, easy-to-administer, self-report measure of childhood
and adolescent depression, designed for the rapid evaluation
of core depressive symptomatology or for use in
epidemiological studies. The SMFQ's content and
criterion-related validity were examined in a sample of 173
8-16 year-olds, comprised of both psychiatric and unselected
pédiatrie controls. Results revealed substantial
correlations between the SMFQ, the Children's Depression
Inventory (GDI) and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for
Children (DISC) depression scale. The SMFQ successfully
discriminated the clinically-referred psychiatric subjects
from the pédiatrie controls. Within the pédiatrie (general
population) sample, the SMFQ discriminated DISC-diagnosed
children with depressive disorder from non-depressed
subjects. Exploratory factor analyses, along with a high
internal consistency, suggested that the SMFQ was a
unifactorial scale. In sum, the SMFQ appears to be a
promising tool for both the swift assessment of core
depressive symptomatology and as a screening measure for
depression in child psychiatric epidemiological studies. ©
1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},
Key = {fds270314}
}
@article{fds270317,
Author = {Costello, EJ and Angold, A and Burns, BJ and Stangl, DK and Tweed, DL and Erkanli, A and Worthman, CM},
Title = {The Great Smoky Mountains Study of Youth. Goals, design,
methods, and the prevalence of DSM-III-R
disorders.},
Journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry},
Volume = {53},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1129-1136},
Year = {1996},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0003-990X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8956679},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Great Smoky Mountains Study of youth focuses
on the relationship between the development of psychiatric
disorder and the need for and use of mental health services.
METHODS: A multistage, overlapping cohorts design was used,
in which 4500 of the 11758 children aged 9, 11, and 13 years
in an 11-county area of the southeastern United States were
randomly selected for screening for psychiatric symptoms.
Children who scored in the top 25% on the screening
questionnaire, together with a 1 in 10 random sample of the
rest, were recruited for 4 waves of intensive, annual
interviews (n = 1015 at wave 1). In a parallel study, all
American Indian children aged 9, 11, and 13 years were
recruited (N = 323 at wave 1). RESULTS: The 3-month
prevalence (+/-SE) of any DSM-III-R axis I disorder in the
main sample, weighted to reflect population prevalence
rates, was 20.3% +/- 1.7%. The most common diagnoses were
anxiety disorders (5.7% +/- 1.0%), enuresis (5.1% +/- 1.0%),
tic disorders (4.2% +/- 0.9%), conduct disorder (3.3% +/-
0.6%), oppositional defiant disorder (2.7% +/- 0.4%), and
hyperactivity (1.9% +/- 0.4%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence
of psychiatric disorder in this rural sample was similar to
rates reported in other recent studies. Poverty was the
strongest demographic correlate of diagnosis, in both urban
and rural children.},
Doi = {10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830120067012},
Key = {fds270317}
}
@article{fds270318,
Author = {Angold, A and Costello, J and Van Kämmen and W and Stouthamer-Loeber,
M},
Title = {Development of a short questionnaire for use in
epidemiological studies of depression in children and
adolescents: factor composition and structure across
development},
Journal = {International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric
Research},
Volume = {5},
Number = {4},
Pages = {251-262},
Year = {1996},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1049-8931},
Abstract = {In the present study, the factor composition of a new,
brief, easy-to-administer, depression inventory for children
and adolescents, the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire
(SMFQ), was examined. Using longitudinal data from the
Pittsburgh Youth Study, confirmatory factor analyses were
computed to evaluate the age-invariance of a singlefactor
SMFQ structure. Results provided strong support for the
unidimensional structure of the SMFQ across grades 1-10 in a
large sample of boys. Factor loading correlations across age
groups were substantial suggesting developmental continuity
in item (symptom) salience for the latent variable of
depression. The magnitude of the mean factor loadings
increased with age, suggesting that the depression construct
was measured with less error as the children matured. In
sum, the SMFQ appears to provide a brief and reliable
measure of a core depression construct in children and
adolescents. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons,
Ltd.},
Key = {fds270318}
}
@article{fds270319,
Author = {Angold, A and Erkanli, A and Costello, EJ and Rutter,
M},
Title = {Precision, reliability and accuracy in the dating of symptom
onsets in child and adolescent psychopathology.},
Journal = {Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied
Disciplines},
Volume = {37},
Number = {6},
Pages = {657-664},
Year = {1996},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0021-9630},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8894946},
Abstract = {Dates of onset of psychiatric symptoms are required in
determining whether diagnostic criteria are met for a number
of disorders and for a variety of research questions.
However, little attention has been paid to the precision and
reliability of their recall by parents and children. We
present data from two studies indicating that when symptoms
have lasted longer than around 3 months, the month of onset
usually cannot be accurately reported, while with symptoms
that have lasted a year or more, the year of onset is
usually uncertain. The implications of these findings for
diagnosis and research are discussed.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01457.x},
Key = {fds270319}
}
@article{fds270321,
Author = {Angold, A and Costello, EJ},
Title = {Toward establishing an empirical basis for the diagnosis of
oppositional defiant disorder.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {35},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1205-1212},
Year = {1996},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8824064},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: (1) To determine the frequency of occurrence of
oppositional defiant behaviors in the general population
with a view to establishing empirical frequency cutoffs for
the evaluation of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). (2)
To examine the effects of changes in the definition of ODD
between DSM-III-R and DSM-IV. METHOD: The Great Smoky
Mountains Study is a general population study of 9-, 11-,
and 13-year-olds. Subjects and their parents were
interviewed with the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric
Assessment at baseline and again 1 year later. RESULTS:
Ninetieth percentile frequency cutoffs for ODD symptoms are
given. Although rates of ODD were little different between
DSM-III-R and DSM-IV, fewer than half of those who met
criteria by one or the other definition met criteria
according to both. DSM-IV defined a more disturbed group of
children than did DSM-III-R. Requiring only two or three ODD
symptoms plus impairment identified children with
substantial evidence of disturbance who did not otherwise
meet criteria for any diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The DSM-IV
criteria represent an improvement over DSM-III-R. However, a
reduction in the number of ODD symptoms required for
diagnosis is indicated. Symptom frequency criteria for ODD
symptoms are suggested for clinical use.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-199609000-00018},
Key = {fds270321}
}
@article{fds270315,
Author = {Angold, A and Erkanli, A and Loebkr, R and Costello, EJ and Van Kammen,
W and Stouthamer-Loeber, M},
Title = {Disappearing Depression in a Population Sample of
Boys},
Journal = {Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders},
Volume = {4},
Number = {2},
Pages = {95-104},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {1996},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106342669600400204},
Abstract = {Although there is evidence that rules of depressive
disorders increase during adolescence in girls, the data on
the effects of age on depression in boys have been
contradictory. In order to shed further light on this issue,
the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) was
administered to a general population sample of approximately
1,500 boys ages 6 to 15 years, during four annual
interviews. Longitudinal analyses revealed a substantial
decrease in reported depressive symptoms between the ages of
8 and 11. The implications of these findings for
developmental epidemiological research on depression arc
discussed.},
Doi = {10.1177/106342669600400204},
Key = {fds270315}
}
@article{fds270316,
Author = {Ascher, BH and Farmer, EMZ and Burns, BJ and Angold,
A},
Title = {The Child and Adolescent Services Assessment (CASA):
Description and Psychometrics},
Journal = {Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders},
Volume = {4},
Number = {1},
Pages = {12-20},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {1996},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106342669600400102},
Abstract = {The Child and Adolescent Services Assessment (CASA) is a
self- and parent-report instrument designed to assess the
use of mental health services by children ages 8 years to 18
years. The CASA includes 31 settings covering inpatiem,
outpatient, and informal services provided by a variety of
child-serving providers and sectors. This instrument
collects information on whether a service was ever used and
more detailed information (length of stay/number of visits,
focus of treatment) on services used in the recent past. A
description of the instrument, information on interviewer
training and coding of data, psychometric data on clinical
samples, and a case study are presented.},
Doi = {10.1177/106342669600400102},
Key = {fds270316}
}
@article{fds270432,
Author = {Angold, A and Prendergast, M and Cox, A and Harrington, R and Simonoff,
E and Rutter, M},
Title = {The Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment
(CAPA).},
Journal = {Psychological Medicine},
Volume = {25},
Number = {4},
Pages = {739-753},
Year = {1995},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329170003498x},
Abstract = {Great advances have been made during the last 20 years in
the development of structured and semi-structured interviews
for use with psychiatric patients. However, in the field of
child and adolescent psychiatry there have been weaknesses
in the specification and definition of both symptoms and the
psychosocial impairments resulting from psychiatric
disorder. Furthermore, most of the available interviews for
use with children have been tied to a single diagnostic
system (DSM-III, DSM-III-R, or ICD-9). This has meant that
symptom coverage has been limited and nosological
comparisons have been inhibited. The Child and Adolescent
Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA) represents an attempt to
remedy some of these shortcomings. This paper outlines the
principles adopted in the CAPA to improve the
standardization, reliability and meaningfulness of symptom
and diagnostic ratings. The CAPA is an interviewer-based
diagnostic interview with versions for use with children and
their parents, focused on symptoms occurring during the
preceding 3 month period, adapted for assessments in both
clinical and epidemiological research.},
Doi = {10.1017/s003329170003498x},
Key = {fds270432}
}
@article{fds270433,
Author = {Angold, A and Costello, EJ},
Title = {A test-retest reliability study of child-reported
psychiatric symptoms and diagnoses using the Child and
Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA-C).},
Journal = {Psychological Medicine},
Volume = {25},
Number = {4},
Pages = {755-762},
Year = {1995},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0033-2917},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7480452},
Abstract = {Seventy-seven 10-18-year-old psychiatric in-patients and
out-patients took part in a test-retest study of the Child
and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA). They were
interviewed on two occasions several days apart. Overall
reliability of diagnosis ranged from kappa = 0.55 (conduct
disorder) to 1.0 (substance abuse or dependence). In
general, reliability for scale scores of psychopathology was
somewhat lower in out-patients than in-patients, though the
opposite was the case for anxiety disorders and psychosocial
incapacity and the reliability of the diagnosis of conduct
disorder--the only individual diagnosis sufficiently common
to permit this comparison. Unreliability of reports of
behavioural problems was found to be related to admitting to
being a liar in the first interview. The implications of
these results for the use of the CAPA are
discussed.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0033291700034991},
Key = {fds270433}
}
@article{fds270313,
Author = {Burns, BJ and Costello, EJ and Angold, A and Tweed, D and Stangl, D and Farmer, EM and Erkanli, A},
Title = {Children's mental health service use across service
sectors.},
Journal = {Health Affairs},
Volume = {14},
Number = {3},
Pages = {147-159},
Year = {1995},
ISSN = {0278-2715},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7498888},
Abstract = {This DataWatch explores the roles of human service sectors
(mental health, education, health, child welfare, and
juvenile justice) in providing mental health services for
children. The data are from the first wave of the Great
Smoky Mountains Study of Youth, a population-based study of
psychopathology and mental health service use among
children. The results show somewhat higher rates of mental
health service use than has been reported previously, while
continuing to show a substantial amount of unmet need, even
among children with both a psychiatric diagnosis and
functional impairment. The findings point to a significant
role for the education sector, suggesting that schools may
function as the de facto mental health system for children
and adolescents.},
Doi = {10.1377/hlthaff.14.3.147},
Key = {fds270313}
}
@article{fds270431,
Author = {Angold, A and Costello, EJ},
Title = {Developmental epidemiology.},
Journal = {Epidemiologic Reviews},
Volume = {17},
Number = {1},
Pages = {74-82},
Year = {1995},
ISSN = {0193-936X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8521948},
Doi = {10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036187},
Key = {fds270431}
}
@article{fds270312,
Author = {Farmer, EMZ and Angold, A and Burns, BJ and Costello,
EJ},
Title = {Reliability of self-reported service use: Test-retest
consistency of children's responses to the Child and
Adolescent Services Assessment (CASA)},
Journal = {Journal of Child and Family Studies},
Volume = {3},
Number = {3},
Pages = {307-325},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1994},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1062-1024},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02234688},
Abstract = {This paper reports on the reliability of children's
responses on the Child and Adolescent Services Assessment
(CASA) - a self-report instrument for use with 8- to
18-year-olds that gathers information about services used to
address mental health problems. Findings were based on
interviews completed by 77 children at a one week
test-retest interval. Results showed that reports of
lifetime service use were as reliable as were reports of
service use in the preceding three months. Children reported
restrictive and intrusive services more reliably than
services that were provided in their natural environment.
Reliability appeared to be associated more strongly with
characteristics of the type of service than with
characteristics of the child. Children also could report
reliably on some details about their encounters with service
providers (e.g., length of stay, number of visits, and onset
of service use). © 1994 Human Sciences Press,
Inc.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF02234688},
Key = {fds270312}
}
@article{fds270430,
Author = {Costello, EJ and Burns, BJ and Angold, A and Leaf,
PJ},
Title = {Epidemiology and health care reform.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {33},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1058-1059},
Year = {1994},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7832878},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-199409000-00020},
Key = {fds270430}
}
@article{fds270429,
Author = {Angold, A and Costello, EJ},
Title = {Depressive comorbidity in children and adolescents:
empirical, theoretical, and methodological
issues.},
Journal = {The American Journal of Psychiatry},
Volume = {150},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1779-1791},
Year = {1993},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0002-953X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8238631},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to examine
comorbidity in the context of child and adolescent
depression. METHOD: The authors reviewed recent
epidemiological studies using standardized interviews and
DSM-III or DSM-III-R criteria. RESULTS: There was a high
rate of comorbidity in children and adolescents with major
depressive disorders or dysthymia. Comorbidity with conduct
disorder/oppositional defiant disorder ranged from 21% to
83%; comorbidity with anxiety disorder ranged from 30% to
75%; and comorbidity with attention deficit disorder ranged
from 0% to 57.1%. Rates of depressive comorbidity found in
community studies were similar to the rates found in
clinical studies. In almost all cases, the disorders were
more common in depressed children than expected by chance,
and the rates of other disorders in depressed children were
higher than the rates of depression in those with
depression. CONCLUSIONS: The mechanisms by which comorbidity
occurs are obscure at present. Several possibilities and
their implications for nosology, epidemiology, and treatment
research are discussed.},
Doi = {10.1176/ajp.150.12.1779},
Key = {fds270429}
}
@article{fds270311,
Author = {Costello, EJ and Burns, BJ and Angold, A and Leaf,
PJ},
Title = {How can epidemiology improve mental health services for
children and adolescents?},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {32},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1106-1114},
Year = {1993},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8282654},
Abstract = {Epidemiology, the study of patterns of disease distribution
in time and space, can help to improve mental health
services for children and adolescents by increasing
understanding of the causes, development, and course of
psychiatric disorders. For the purpose of service delivery,
epidemiologic research on child psychopathology can provide
information on need for services, availability of services,
and effectiveness of services. For both scientific and
planning purposes, epidemiologic research can inform us
about (1) the developmental course of psychiatric disorders
during childhood and adolescence, (2) the effect of
psychiatric disorder on the course of normal childhood
development, and (3) the effect of childhood development on
the developmental course of psychiatric disorder.
Information about prevalence and incidence is useful for
planning primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention and
treatment services. The same information is scientifically
useful to the extent that it helps to answer questions about
causation, course, and outcome. However, one aim of this
paper is to show that epidemiology is about a great deal
more than rates of disorder.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-199311000-00002},
Key = {fds270311}
}
@article{fds270428,
Author = {Angold, A and Pickles, A},
Title = {Seclusion on an adolescent unit.},
Journal = {Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied
Disciplines},
Volume = {34},
Number = {6},
Pages = {975-989},
Year = {1993},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01102.x},
Abstract = {We studied the seclusion records of an adolescent unit for a
six-year period. Problems in the analysis of typical
seclusion data are examined and statistical methods that
overcame them are explained. Only a few relationships were
found between the seclusion regime and available measures of
patient and ward characteristics, though there was great
variability in the frequency with which individuals were
secluded and the duration of various episodes of seclusion.
The average duration of seclusion (31 minutes) was much less
than had been reported by other investigators. Furthermore,
the durations became shorter over the period of study. The
implications of these findings for further research and
practice are discussed.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01102.x},
Key = {fds270428}
}
@article{fds322748,
Author = {Costello, EJ and Angold, A},
Title = {Toward a developmental epidemiology of the disruptive
behavior disorders},
Journal = {Development and Psychopathology},
Volume = {5},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {91-101},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {1993},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400004284},
Abstract = {Epidemiology, the study of patterns of disease distribution
in time and space, offers a powerful set of theories and
methods for understanding and preventing illness. The
disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) can be studied from the
point of view of whether or not epidemiological methods
could help to understand and prevent them. We suggest that
the best approach to the DBDs is one that takes into account
both the development of the child and the development of the
disorder. Developmental epidemiology is the attempt to use
recent advances in developmental psychopathology to help
answer questions about how developmental processes increase
or decrease vulnerability to DBDs, how risk factors change
across childhood, and how the development of the disorder is
reflected in rates of onset and patterns of symptomatology.
Using examples of primary and secondary prevention studies,
we discuss the importance of appropriate sampling strategies
and a clearly articulated theoretical background, if
intervention trials are to achieve their full utility as
tests of a developmental theory of the DBDs. © 1993,
Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0954579400004284},
Key = {fds322748}
}
@article{fds270310,
Author = {Angold, A and Worthman, CW},
Title = {Puberty onset of gender differences in rates of depression:
a developmental, epidemiologic and neuroendocrine
perspective.},
Journal = {Journal of Affective Disorders},
Volume = {29},
Number = {2-3},
Pages = {145-158},
Year = {1993},
ISSN = {0165-0327},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-0327(93)90029-j},
Abstract = {A dramatic feature of the epidemiology of depression is the
appearance of a 2:1 female excess of depression during
adolescence. In childhood, rates of depression either do not
differ between boys and girls or show a slight excess in
boys. In this paper we review a number of lines of evidence
that implicate the physical and hormonal developments of
puberty in this change. We also argue that the analysis of
pubertal change in the etiology of depression must take into
account the fact that the causation of depression is almost
certainly a complex process. In understanding such a process
we suggest that developmental epidemiological studies will
be of particular value.},
Doi = {10.1016/0165-0327(93)90029-j},
Key = {fds270310}
}
@article{fds322749,
Author = {Angold, A and Rutter, M},
Title = {Effects of age and pubertal status on depression in a large
clinical sample},
Journal = {Development and Psychopathology},
Volume = {4},
Number = {1},
Pages = {5-28},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {1992},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400005538},
Abstract = {The rate of depression rises overall between childhood and
adolescence, and by early adulthood depression is twice as
common in women as in men. However, study results are
conflicting as to the relative rates of depression in
prepubertal boys and girls, and it is not clear whether the
rates in adolescent boys rise, fall, or remain steady. It is
also uncertain when in adolescence the female preponderance
emerges. A number of studies point to effects of the
biological developments of puberty as having an important
place in these changes. From a developmental point of view,
the fact that the hormonal and physical changes of puberty
differ in boys and girls, mean that a “biological
explanation” fits in well with the gender differentiation
in rates of depression across puberty. In a sample of 3,519
8–16-year-old psychiatric patients, both boys and girls
shared increasing levels of depression across this age
range, but the rate of increase was faster in girls. There
was no difference in the rates of depression between boys
and girls before the age of 11, but by the age of 16 girls
were twice as likely as boys to have significant depressive
symptomatology. When age was controlled for, pubertal status
had no effect on depression scores. Thus, these results did
not support the idea that the biological changes of puberty
are a primary motive force in producing the changes in the
sex ratio in depression in adolescence. Therefore, further
research on this topic needs not only to address the
etiology of depression in young people, but also to search
for etiologic factors with differential distributions or
effects on boys and girls. © 1992, Cambridge University
Press. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0954579400005538},
Key = {fds322749}
}
@article{fds270309,
Author = {Costello, EJ and Benjamin, R and Angold, A and Silver,
D},
Title = {Mood variability in adolescents: a study of depressed,
nondepressed and comorbid patients.},
Journal = {Journal of Affective Disorders},
Volume = {23},
Number = {4},
Pages = {199-212},
Year = {1991},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0165-0327},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1791265},
Abstract = {In a study to examine the variability of mood in
psychiatrically disturbed adolescents, 30 inpatients aged
13-17 reported on current depressive symptoms three times a
day for seven consecutive days, using a set of visual analog
scales (the Adolescent Mood Scale: AMS) to record DSM-IIIR
and other depressive symptoms. Ten of the patients had no
depressive diagnosis; 11 had both a depressive and an
'externalizing' diagnosis (mainly conduct disorders and
substance abuse disorders), and nine had depressive
diagnoses but no externalizing disorder. Variability was
defined in terms of (1) range of AMS scores; (2) amount of
change from one test point to the next; (3) rhythmicity,
measured by the autocorrelation function across 21 test
points. All three groups had high levels of depressive
symptoms throughout the week. On all measures of severity of
depression, the depressed girls were more depressed than the
depressed boys, irrespective of comorbidity. Measures of
variability, however, showed no effect of sex, but comorbid
patients were more likely to have a wide range of mood
scores, and reported a 45% greater amount of mood change.
Only five subjects had a significant lag1 autocorrelation
function, and there was no indication of diurnal
rhythmicity. Implications for research and diagnosis are
discussed.},
Doi = {10.1016/0165-0327(91)90101-w},
Key = {fds270309}
}
@article{fds270308,
Author = {Angold, A and Weissman, MM and John, K and Wickramaratne, P and Prusoff,
B},
Title = {The effects of age and sex on depression ratings in children
and adolescents.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {30},
Number = {1},
Pages = {67-74},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199101000-00010},
Abstract = {The self-reports of depressive symptomatology of the 89
children and the parental reports of 62 parents whose
children had such symptoms from a sample of 220 children,
aged 6 to 23 years, in a family-genetic study of children at
high and low risk of depression were examined for the
effects of the age and sex of the child. The age of the
child at interview proved to have a significant effect upon
the dating of the onset of dysphoric episodes and the dating
of the worst ever episode of dysphoria. The older girls
reported about two more depressive symptoms on average than
the younger girls. This finding was obscured unless account
was taken of the age at which the subjects were interviewed.
However, these effects did not apply to a group of
melancholia-related symptoms. There were no consistent
effects of age at interview or age at episode on the symptom
reports of the boys or in the reports from the parents about
both their male and female children.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-199101000-00010},
Key = {fds270308}
}
@article{fds270307,
Author = {Angold, A},
Title = {Seclusion.},
Journal = {The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental
Science},
Volume = {154},
Number = {APR.},
Pages = {437-444},
Year = {1989},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.154.4.437},
Abstract = {Seclusion is a commonly used management technique in some
areas of psychiatric practice. However, its theoretical and
empirical underpinnings are greatly wanting in many
respects. This paper reviews the present state of our
knowledge and ignorance about seclusion, and suggests some
strategies for much-needed research.},
Doi = {10.1192/bjp.154.4.437},
Key = {fds270307}
}
@article{fds270306,
Author = {Costello, EJ and Angold, A},
Title = {Scales to assess child and adolescent depression:
checklists, screens, and nets.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {27},
Number = {6},
Pages = {726-737},
Year = {1988},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-198811000-00011},
Abstract = {Child self-report and parent-report measures of depressive
symptoms are useful both for preliminary screening and to
monitor change in symptomatology. These two aims, however,
demand different psychometric properties. Currently
available self- and/or parent-reports of depressive symptoms
are reviewed in terms of their content validity and
criterion validity. There is wide variability in the
symptoms covered by the Children's Depression Inventory
(CDI), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale
for Children (CES-DC), Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRS),
Children's Depression Scale (CDS), and Mood and Feelings
Questionnaire (MFQ). A review of criterion validity showed
that information needed is often unavailable. Suggestions
are made for ways to provide information that will enable
clinicians and researchers to select measures for their
purposes.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-198811000-00011},
Key = {fds270306}
}
@article{fds270427,
Author = {Angold, A},
Title = {Childhood and adolescent depression. II: Research in
clinical populations.},
Journal = {The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental
Science},
Volume = {153},
Number = {OCT.},
Pages = {476-492},
Year = {1988},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.153.4.476},
Abstract = {The tremendous increase in interest in childhood and
adolescent depression that has occurred since the early
1970s has resulted in a large and contradictory literature.
Development of the concept of childhood depression, and the
many clinical studies of depression and its concomitants,
both psychosocial and biological, are critically reviewed. A
number of methodological and theoretical problems are
discussed.},
Doi = {10.1192/bjp.153.4.476},
Key = {fds270427}
}
@article{fds270305,
Author = {Angold, A},
Title = {Childhood and adolescent depression. I. Epidemiological and
aetiological aspects.},
Journal = {The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental
Science},
Volume = {152},
Number = {MAY},
Pages = {601-617},
Year = {1988},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.152.5.601},
Abstract = {Depression in childhood and adolescence has become a topic
of considerable research interest in the last decade. A
number of studies ranging over the last half-century provide
information about the prevalence of depressive symptoms and
syndromes in non-referred populations. These studies are
critically reviewed in the light of an analysis of the
various meanings that the term 'depression' may carry, and a
variety of methodological issues. The sparse evidence for
the involvement of a number of potential risk factors for
depressive disorders is then considered and suggestions for
future work in this area are outlined.},
Doi = {10.1192/bjp.152.5.601},
Key = {fds270305}
}
@article{fds270304,
Author = {Angold, A and Weissman, MM and John, K and Merikangas, KR and Prusoff,
BA and Wickramaratne, P and Gammon, GD and Warner,
V},
Title = {Parent and child reports of depressive symptoms in children
at low and high risk of depression.},
Journal = {Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied
Disciplines},
Volume = {28},
Number = {6},
Pages = {901-915},
Year = {1987},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00678.x},
Abstract = {The K-SADS-E psychiatric interview was administered to
children and parents (N = 220) from families containing
proband parents who had previously been depressed or who
were normal. Agreement between parents and their children
about depressive symptoms in the children was significant
but low. Boy's reports agreed more highly with their
parents' reports about them than did girls' reports.
Overall, the children reported more depressive symptoms than
their parents reported about them and the overall pattern
suggests that parents are relatively insensitive to their
children's depressive symptomatology, but their reports show
high specificity. The implications of these findings for
research and clinical work are discussed.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00678.x},
Key = {fds270304}
}
@article{fds270300,
Author = {Weissman, MM and John, K and Merikangas, KR and Prusoff, BA and Wickramaratne, P and Gammon, GD and Angold, A and Warner,
V},
Title = {Depressed parents and their children. General health,
social, and psychiatric problems.},
Journal = {American Journal of Diseases of Children
(1960)},
Volume = {140},
Number = {8},
Pages = {801-805},
Year = {1986},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0002-922X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1986.02140220083038},
Abstract = {Two hundred twenty children (aged 6 to 23 years) from
families with either depressed or normal (nonpsychiatrically
ill) parents of comparable sociodemographic backgrounds were
studied. The children from families in which at least one
parent had experienced a major depression were reported to
have had more adverse perinatal events; were later in
achieving some developmental landmarks; had more
convulsions, head injuries, operations, and psychiatric
disorders (particularly major depression); and made more
suicide attempts. Overall, there were no significant
differences in IQ between children in both groups. Mothers
in families with a depressed parent reported more medical
problems during pregnancy and labor, and the children were
reported to have experienced more distress at birth. Since
major depression is a highly prevalent disorder in women of
childbearing ages, these findings have direct clinical
implications for pediatricians. Their specificity for major
depression, as contrasted with other psychiatric disorders
or chronic illnesses in the parents, requires further
study.},
Doi = {10.1001/archpedi.1986.02140220083038},
Key = {fds270300}
}
@article{fds322750,
Author = {Angold, AC and Lieb, J},
Title = {CHILDHOOD DEPRESSION},
Journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
Volume = {323},
Number = {8391},
Pages = {1409},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1984},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(84)91902-0},
Doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(84)91902-0},
Key = {fds322750}
}
%% Papers Published
@article{fds136886,
Title = {1)Erkanli A, Soyer R, & Angold A (2001). Bayesian analyses
of longitudinal binary data using Markov regression models
of unknown order. Statistics in Medicine, 20:
755-770.},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds136886}
}
@article{fds136887,
Title = {2)Costello EJ, Keeler GP, & Angold A (2001). Poverty,
race/ethnicity and psychiatric disorder: A study of rural
children. American Journal of Public Health,
91:1494-1498.},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds136887}
}
@article{fds136888,
Title = {6)Kliewer W, Murrelle L, Mejia R, Torres Y, & Angold A
(2001). Exposure to Violence Against a Family Member and
Internalizing Symptoms in Colombian Adolescents: The
Protective Effects of Family Support. Journal of Consulting
& Clinical Psychology, 69:971-982.},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds136888}
}
@article{fds136920,
Title = {3)Sandberg S, Rutter M, Pickles A, McGuiness D, & Angold A
(2001). Do high-threat life events really provoke the onset
of psychiatric disorder in children? Journal of Child
Psychology and Psychiatry, 42: 523-532.},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds136920}
}
@article{fds136921,
Title = {4)Ezpeleta L, Keeler GP, Erkanli A, Costello EJ, & Angold A
(2001). Epidemiology of psychiatric disability in childhood
and adolescence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,
42:901-914.},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds136921}
}
@article{fds136922,
Title = {5)Kaplow JB, Curran PJ, Angold A, & Costello EJ (2001). The
prospective relation between dimensions of anxiety and the
initiation of adolescent alcohol use. Journal of Clinical
Child Psychology, 30: 316-326.},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds136922}
}
@article{fds136923,
Title = {7)Conners CK, Epstein J, March JS, Angold A, Wells KC,
Klaric J, Swanson JM, Arnold LE, Abikoff HB, Elliott GR,
Greenhill LL, Hechtman L, Hinshaw SP, Hoza B, Jensen PS,
Kraemer HC, Newcorn JH, Pelham WE, Severe JB, Vitiello B, &
Wigal T (2001). Multimodal treatment of ADHD in the MTA: An
alternative outcome analysis. Journal of the American
Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40:
159-167.},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds136923}
}
@article{fds136924,
Title = {8)Angold A, & Costello EJ (2001). The epidemiology of
depression in children and adolescents. In I. Goodyer (Ed.),
The Depressed Child and Adolescent: Developmental and
Clinical Perspectives, 2nd edition. New York: Cambridge
University Press, p.143-178.},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds136924}
}
@article{fds136870,
Title = {Angold A, Costello EJ, & Erkanli A (1999) Comorbidity.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40 (1):
57-87.},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds136870}
}
@article{fds136885,
Title = {Angold A, Costello EJ, Farmer EMZ, Burns BJ, & Erkanli A (in
press) Impaired but undiagnosed. Journal of the American
Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Special
Section.},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds136885}
}
@article{fds136918,
Title = {Farmer EMZ, Stangl DK, Burns BJ, Costello EJ, & Angold A
(1999) Use, persistence, and intensity: Patterns of care for
children's mental health across one year. Community Mental
Health Journal, 35: 31- 46.},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds136918}
}
@article{fds136919,
Title = {Costello EJ & Angold A (in press) Adolescent outcomes of
childhood disorders: The consequences of severity and
impairment. Journal of the American Academy of Child and
Adolescent Psychiatry, Special section.},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds136919}
}
@article{fds136869,
Title = {Angold A, Messer SC, Stangl D, Farmer EMZ, Costello EJ, &
Burns BJ (1998) Perceived parental burden and service use
for child and adolescent psychiatric disorders. American
Journal of Public Health, 88: 75-80.},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds136869}
}
@article{fds136883,
Title = {Egger HL, Angold A, & Costello EJ (1998) Headaches and
psychopathology in children and adolescents. Journal of the
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37:
951-958.},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds136883}
}
@article{fds136884,
Title = {Angold A, Costello EJ & Worthman CM (1998) Puberty and
depression: The roles of age, pubertal status, and pubertal
timing. Psychological Medicine, 98: 51-61.},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds136884}
}
@article{fds136891,
Title = {Angold A, Costello EJ & Worthman CM (1998) Puberty and
depression: The roles of age, pubertal status, and pubertal
timing. Psychological Medicine, 98: 51-61.},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds136891}
}
@article{fds136916,
Title = {Costello EJ, Pescosolido BA, Angold A, & Burns BJ (1998) A
family network-based model of access to child mental health
services. Researcfh in Community Mental Health, 9:
165-190.},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds136916}
}
@article{fds136917,
Title = {Erkanli A, Soyer R, & Angold A (1998) Optimal Bayesian
two-phase designs for prevalence estimaton. Journal of
Statistical Planning and Inference, 66:171-191.},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds136917}
}
@article{fds136882,
Title = {Burns BJ, Costello EJ, Erkanli A, Tweed DL, Farmer EMZ, &
Angold A (1997) Insurance coverage and mental health service
use by adolescents with Serious Emotional Disturbance (SED).
Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25:476-486.},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds136882}
}
@article{fds136913,
Title = {Farmer EMZ, Burns, BJ, Angold A, & Costello EJ (1997) Impact
of children's mental health problems on families:
Relationships with service use. Journal of Emotional and
Behavioral Disorders, 5 (4): 23},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds136913}
}
@article{fds136914,
Title = {Costello EJ, Farmer EMZ, Angold A, Burns BJ & Erkanli A
(1997) Psychiatric disorders among American Indian and white
youth in Appalachia: The Great Smoky Mountains Study.
American Journal of Public Health, 87: 827-832.},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds136914}
}
@article{fds136915,
Title = {Federman EB, Costello EJ, Angold A, Farmer EMZ, & Erkanli A
(1997) Development of substance use and psychiatric
comorbidity in an epidemiologic study of white and American
Indian young adolescents: The Great Smoky Mountains Study.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 44:79-78.},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds136915}
}
@article{fds136878,
Title = {Angold A and Costello EJ (in press). Toward establishing an
empirical basis for the diagnosis of Oppositional Defiant
Disorder. Journal of the Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds136878}
}
@article{fds136879,
Title = {Angold A, Worthman CM, Costello EJ, Stangl DK, Messer SC &
Tweed DL (submitted). Puberty and depression. Nature
Medicine.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds136879}
}
@article{fds136880,
Title = {Costello EJ, Angold A, Burns BJ, Erkanli A, Stangl D, &
Tweed DL (in press). The Great Smoky Mountains Study of
youth: Functional impairment and Severe Emotional
Disturbance. Archives of General Psychiatry.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds136880}
}
@article{fds136881,
Title = {Angold A, Erkanli A, Costello EJ & Rutter M (in press).
Precision, reliability and accuracy in the dating of symptom
onsets in child and adolescent psychopathology. Journal of
Child Psychology and Psychiatry.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds136881}
}
@article{fds136889,
Title = {Angold A, Erkanli A, Loeber R, Costello EJ, Van Kammen W, &
Stouthamer-Loeber M (1996) Disappearing depression in a
population sample of boys. Journal of Emotional and
Behavioral Disorders, 4:95-104.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds136889}
}
@article{fds136901,
Title = {Angold A, Costello EJ, Pickles A, Messer SC, Winder F &
Silver D (1996). Development of a short questionnaire for
use in epidemiological studies of depression in children and
adolescents. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric
Research.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds136901}
}
@article{fds136902,
Title = {Messer SC, Angold A, Loeber R, Costello EJ, van Kammen W &
Stouthamer-Loeber M (1996). Development of a short
questionnaire for use in epidemiological studies of
depression in children and adolescents: Factor composition
and structure across development. International Journal of
Methods in Psychiatric Research.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds136902}
}
@article{fds136903,
Title = {Angold A and Costello EJ (in press). The relative diagnostic
utility of child and parent reports of oppositional defiant
behaviors. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric
Research.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds136903}
}
@article{fds136904,
Title = {Angold A, Erkanli A, Loeber R, Costello EJ, van Kammen W &
Stouthamer-Loeber M (in press). Disappearing depression in a
population sample of boys. Journal of Behavioral and
Emotional Disorders.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds136904}
}
@article{fds136905,
Title = {Angold A, Stangl D, Farmer EMZ, Costello EJ, Burns BJ &
Messer SC (in press). Perceived parental burden as a
predictor of service use for child and adolescent
psychiatric disorders. American Journal of Public
Health.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds136905}
}
@article{fds136906,
Title = {Burns BJ, Farmer EMZ, Angold A, Costello EJ, Behar L
(submitted). A randomized trial of case management for
youths with Serious Emotional Disturbance. American Journal
of Othopsychiatry.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds136906}
}
@article{fds136907,
Title = {Costello EJ, Angold A, Burns BJ, Stangl D, Tweed DL &
Erkanli A (in press). The Great Smoky Mountains Study of
youth: Goals, design, methods, and the prevalence of
DSM-II-R disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds136907}
}
@article{fds136908,
Title = {Costello EJ, Farmer EMZ, Angold A, Burns BJ & Erkanli A
(submitted). The Great Smoky Mountains Study of youth: Risk
for psychiatric disorder in American Indian and white youth.
American Journal of Public Health.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds136908}
}
@article{fds136909,
Title = {Farmer EMZ, Burns BJ, Morrissey JP, Costello EJ, Angold A &
Behar L (in press). Youths with serious emotional
disturbance in rural and urban systems of care. American
Journal of Orthopsychiatry.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds136909}
}
@article{fds136910,
Title = {Messer SC, Angold A, Costello EJ, Burns, BJ, Farmer, EMZ &
Patrick, MKS (under review). The Child and Adolescent Burden
Assessment (CABA): Measuring the family impact of emotional
and behavioral problems. International Journal of Methods in
Psychiatric Research.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds136910}
}
@article{fds136911,
Title = {Ascher BH, Farme, EMZ, Burn, BJ & Angold A (in press). The
Child and Adolescent Services Assessment (CASA): Description
and psychometrics. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral
Disorders.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds136911}
}
@article{fds136912,
Title = {Erkanli A, Sayer R, & Angold A (in press). Optimal Bayesian
two-phase designs for prevalence estimation. Journal of
Statistical Planning and Inference.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds136912}
}
@article{fds136875,
Title = {Angold A, & Costello EJ (1995). Developmental epidemiology.
Epidemiological Reviews, 17(1):74-82.},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds136875}
}
@article{fds136876,
Title = {Angold A, Prendergast M, Cox A, Harrington R, Simonoff E &
Rutter M (1995). The Child and Adolescent Psychiatric
Assessment (CAPA). Psychological Medicine
25:739-753.},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds136876}
}
@article{fds136877,
Title = {Costello EJ & Angold A (1995). The epidemiology of childhood
anxiety disorders. In JS March (Ed.), Anxiety Disorders in
Children and Adolescents, pp. 109 - 124. New York:The
Guilford Press.},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds136877}
}
@article{fds136890,
Title = {Angold A, Costello EJ, Messer SC, Pickles A, Winder F, &
Silver D (1995) Development of a short questionnaire for use
in epidemiological studies of depression in children and
adolescents. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric
Research 5: 237-249.},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds136890}
}
@article{fds136897,
Title = {Angold A & Costello EJ (1995). A test-retest reliability
study of child-reported psychiatric symptoms and diagnoses
using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment
(CAPA-C). Psychological Medicine 25:755-762.},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds136897}
}
@article{fds136898,
Title = {Burns BJ, Costello EJ, Angold A, Tweed DL, Stangl D, Farmer
EMZ and Erkanli A (1995). Children's mental health service
use across service sectors. Health Affairs,
14(3):147-159.},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds136898}
}
@article{fds136899,
Title = {Costello EJ & Angold A (in press). Developmental
psychopathology. In R. Cairns, G. Elder, EJ Costello & A
McGuire (Eds.) Developmental Science. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds136899}
}
@article{fds136900,
Title = {Costello EJ & Angold A (1995). Developmental epidemiology.
In D Cicchetti and DJ Cohen (Eds.), Developmental
Psychopathology - Volume 1: Theory and Methods, pp. 23 - 56.
New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.� Angold A & Costello EJ
(1995). The epidemiology of depression in children and
adolescents. In IM Goodyer (Ed.) The Depressed Child and
Adolescent: Developmental and Clinical Perspectives, pp. 127
- 147. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds136900}
}
@article{fds136896,
Title = {Angold A: Clinical interviewing with children adolescents.
In (eds Rutter M, Hersov L, Taylor E), Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry - Modern Approaches, pp. 51-63, 1994. Oxford:
Blackwell Scientific Publications.},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds136896}
}
@article{fds136871,
Title = {Angold A, Pickles A: Seclusion on an adolescent unit.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 34 (6): 975-989,
1993.},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds136871}
}
@article{fds136872,
Title = {Angold A: Why do we not know the causes of depression in
children and adolescents? In (eds Hay D, Angold A),
Precursors and Causes in Development and Psychopathology,
pp. 265-292, 1993. Chichester: John Wiley.},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds136872}
}
@article{fds136873,
Title = {Angold A, Hay D: An introduction. In (eds Hay D, Angold A),
Precursors and Causes in Development and Psychopathology, pp
1-22, 1993. Chichester: John Wiley.},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds136873}
}
@article{fds136874,
Title = {Hay D, Angold A (eds), Precursors and Causes in Development
and Psychopathology, 1993. Chichester: John
Wiley.},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds136874}
}
@article{fds136892,
Title = {Angold A, Costello EJ: Depressive comorbidity in children
and adolescents: Empirical, theoretical, and methodological
issues. American Journal of Psychiatry 150 (12): 1779-1791,
1993.},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds136892}
}
@article{fds136893,
Title = {Angold A, Worthman CW: Puberty onset of gender differences
in rates of depression: A developmental, epidemiologic, and
neuroendocrine perspective. Journal of Affective Disorders
29: 145-158, 1993.},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds136893}
}
@article{fds136894,
Title = {Costello EJ, Angold A: Towards a developmental epidemiology
of the disruptive behavior disorders. Development and
Psychopathology 5: 91-101, 1993.},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds136894}
}
@article{fds136895,
Title = {Costello EJ, Burns BJ, Angold A, Leaf PJ: How can
epidemiology improve mental health services for children and
adolescents? Journal of American Academy of Child and
Adolescent Psychiatry 32 (6): 1106-1117,
1993.},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds136895}
}
%% Chapters in Books
@misc{fds363746,
Author = {Farmer, EMZ and Stangl, DK and Burns, BJ and Costello, EJ and Angold,
A},
Title = {Use, Persistence, and Intensity: Patterns of Care for
Children’s Mental Health Across One Year},
Pages = {49-64},
Booktitle = {Effective Interventions for Children in Need},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780754628255},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315256900-15},
Abstract = {This paper explores the use, persistence, and intensity of
services for children’s mental health problems across a
variety of service sectors during a one year period. Data
come from the Great Smoky Mountains Study. Analyses focus on
children’s psychiatric symptomatology and impairment,
service use, and factors that may influence the relationship
between psychiatric problems and service use across a one
year period. Findings show that approximately 20% of
children used some mental health services from some sector
during the year. Child’s symptomatology and
characteristics of parents were associated with use and
persistence of services. Parent’s perceptions of impact on
the family were associated with service use, persistence,
and intensity.},
Doi = {10.4324/9781315256900-15},
Key = {fds363746}
}
@misc{fds322747,
Author = {Costello, EJ and Angold, A},
Title = {Developmental Epidemiology},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {41-75},
Booktitle = {Developmental Psychopathology: Second Edition},
Publisher = {JOHN WILEY & SONS INC},
Year = {2015},
Month = {September},
ISBN = {0471237361},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470939383.ch3},
Abstract = {This chapter discusses developmental psychopathology from
the viewpoint of epidemiology, "the study of health and
illness in human populations". After a brief introduction to
some of the basic concepts of the epidemiological method, it
discusses what modern epidemiology is and does, the
questions it addresses, some of the key methods it uses, and
how these methods can be applied to the special problems of
developmental psychopathology. the chapter then presents a
short history of how child psychiatric epidemiology has
grown into developmental epidemiology, illustrating how
these changes reflect society's changing concerns about the
mental health of children. Finally, it describes the ways
developmental epidemiology is branching out and taking on
the concerns and methods of related areas: life course and
intergenerational epidemiology; transnational epidemiology;
genetic epidemiology; the study of burden of disease; and
the use of epidemiologic designs to test hypotheses about
the causes of psychiatric disorders.},
Doi = {10.1002/9780470939383.ch3},
Key = {fds322747}
}
@misc{fds270271,
Author = {Costello, EJ and Egger, HL and Copeland, W and Erkanli, A and Angold,
A},
Title = {The developmental epidemiology of anxiety disorders:
Phenomenology, prevalence, and comorbidity},
Pages = {56-75},
Booktitle = {Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents, Second
edition},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780521721486},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511994920.004},
Abstract = {In this chapter we review the prevalence and comorbidity of
anxiety disorders in general, and where possible the
specifics of separation anxiety disorder (SAD), generalized
anxiety disorder (GAD), specific phobias, panic, social
phobia, and panic disorder. There were too few reports of
agoraphobia to make a reliable estimate. We have not
included post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and
obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), because their status
as anxiety disorders is a topic still being debated for the
revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Most
recent studies have omitted overanxious disorder (OAD) after
its omission from the latest edition of the Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric
Association, 1994), but we shall have something to say about
OAD later on.},
Doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511994920.004},
Key = {fds270271}
}
@misc{fds270269,
Author = {Angold, A and Carol, W and Costello, EJ},
Title = {Puberty and depression},
Pages = {137-164},
Booktitle = {Gender Differences at Puberty},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {052100165x},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511489716.009},
Abstract = {In this chapter we will examine evidence concerning the
emergence of an excess of unipolar depression in females
during adolescence. We will also present new data from the
Great Smoky Mountains Study (GSMS) in support of an approach
that combines consideration of both the endocrinology of
puberty and the effects of stress on depression. The
phenomenon to be explained Numerous adult studies from
around the world have documented that women have 1.5 to 3
times more current and lifetime unipolar depression than men
(Bebbington, et al., 1981; Bland, Newman, and Orn, 1988a;
Bland, Newman, and Orn, 1988b; Blazer, et al., 1994; Canino,
et al., 1987; Cheng, 1989; Hwu, Yeh, and Chang, 1989;
Kessler, et al., 1994; Kessler, et al., 1993; Lee, Han, and
Choi, 1987; Weissman, et al., 1993; Weissman, et al., 1996;
Weissman and Klerman, 1977; Wells, et al., 1989; Wittchen,
et al., 1992). In later life (after age 55), the female
excess of depressions probably diminishes; mostly on account
of falling rates in women (Bebbington, 1996; Bebbington, et
al., 1998; Jorm, 1987). Retrospective data from adults
suggested that the female excess did not appear until
adolescence (Burke, et al., 1990; Kessler, et al., 1993),
and the child and adolescent epidemiological literature
agrees that rates of unipolar depression in prepubertal
girls are not higher than those in prepubertal boys
(Anderson, et al., 1987; Angold, Costello, and Worthman,
1998; Angold, Costello, and Worthman, 1999; Angold and
Rutter, 1992; Bird, et al.},
Doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511489716.009},
Key = {fds270269}
}
| |
Duke University * Arts & Sciences * Faculty * Staff * Grad * Postdocs * Reload * Login | ||
