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| Publications of Rachel A. Adcock :chronological alphabetical combined listing:
%% Journal Articles
@article{fds373515,
Author = {Hsiung, A and Poh, J-H and Huettel, SA and Adcock,
RA},
Title = {Curiosity evolves as information unfolds.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {120},
Number = {43},
Pages = {e2301974120},
Year = {2023},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2301974120},
Abstract = {When people feel curious, they often seek information to
resolve their curiosity. Reaching resolution, however, does
not always occur in a single step but instead may follow the
accumulation of information over time. Here, we investigated
changes in curiosity over a dynamic information-gathering
process and how these changes related to affective and
cognitive states as well as behavior. Human participants
performed an Evolving Line Drawing Task, during which they
reported guesses about the drawings' identities and made
choices about whether to keep watching. In Study 1, the
timing of choices was predetermined and externally imposed,
while in Study 2, participants had agency in the timing of
guesses and choices. Using this dynamic paradigm, we found
that even within a single information-gathering episode,
curiosity evolved in concert with other emotional states and
with confidence. In both studies, we showed that the
relationship between curiosity and confidence depended on
stimulus entropy (unique guesses across participants) and on
guess accuracy. We demonstrated that curiosity is
multifaceted and can be experienced as either positive or
negative depending on the state of information gathering.
Critically, even when given the choice to alleviate
uncertainty immediately (i.e., view a spoiler), higher
curiosity promoted continuing to engage in the
information-gathering process. Collectively, we show that
curiosity changes over information accumulation to drive
engagement with external stimuli, rather than to shortcut
the path to resolution, highlighting the value inherent in
the process of discovery.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2301974120},
Key = {fds373515}
}
@article{fds372794,
Author = {Wang, YC and Adcock, RA and Egner, T},
Title = {Toward an integrative account of internal and external
determinants of event segmentation.},
Journal = {Psychon Bull Rev},
Year = {2023},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-023-02375-2},
Abstract = {Our daily experiences unfold continuously, but we remember
them as a series of discrete events through a process called
event segmentation. Prominent theories of event segmentation
suggest that event boundaries in memory are triggered by
significant shifts in the external environment, such as a
change in one's physical surroundings. In this review, we
argue for a fundamental extension of this research field to
also encompass internal state changes as playing a key role
in structuring event memory. Accordingly, we propose an
expanded taxonomy of event boundary-triggering processes,
and review behavioral and neuroscience research on internal
state changes in three core domains: affective states, goal
states, and motivational states. Finally, we evaluate how
well current theoretical frameworks can accommodate the
unique and interactive contributions of internal states to
event memory. We conclude that a theoretical perspective on
event memory that integrates both external environment and
internal state changes allows for a more complete
understanding of how the brain structures experiences, with
important implications for future research in cognitive and
clinical neuroscience.},
Doi = {10.3758/s13423-023-02375-2},
Key = {fds372794}
}
@article{fds371224,
Author = {Sinclair, AH and Wang, YC and Adcock, RA},
Title = {Instructed motivational states bias reinforcement learning
and memory formation.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {120},
Number = {31},
Pages = {e2304881120},
Year = {2023},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2304881120},
Abstract = {Motivation influences goals, decisions, and memory
formation. Imperative motivation links urgent goals to
actions, narrowing the focus of attention and memory.
Conversely, interrogative motivation integrates goals over
time and space, supporting rich memory encoding for flexible
future use. We manipulated motivational states via cover
stories for a reinforcement learning task: The imperative
group imagined executing a museum heist, whereas the
interrogative group imagined planning a future heist.
Participants repeatedly chose among four doors, representing
different museum rooms, to sample trial-unique paintings
with variable rewards (later converted to bonus payments).
The next day, participants performed a surprise memory test.
Crucially, only the cover stories differed between the
imperative and interrogative groups; the reinforcement
learning task was identical, and all participants had the
same expectations about how and when bonus payments would be
awarded. In an initial sample and a preregistered
replication, we demonstrated that imperative motivation
increased exploitation during reinforcement learning.
Conversely, interrogative motivation increased directed (but
not random) exploration, despite the cost to participants'
earnings. At test, the interrogative group was more accurate
at recognizing paintings and recalling associated values. In
the interrogative group, higher value paintings were more
likely to be remembered; imperative motivation disrupted
this effect of reward modulating memory. Overall, we
demonstrate that a prelearning motivational manipulation can
bias learning and memory, bearing implications for
education, behavior change, clinical interventions, and
communication.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2304881120},
Key = {fds371224}
}
@article{fds373427,
Author = {Sinclair, AH and Taylor, MK and Brandel-Tanis, F and Davidson, A and Chande, AT and Rishishwar, L and Andris, C and Adcock, RA and Weitz, JS and Samanez-Larkin, GR and Beckett, SJ},
Title = {Communicating COVID-19 exposure risk with an interactive
website counteracts risk misestimation.},
Journal = {PLoS One},
Volume = {18},
Number = {10},
Pages = {e0290708},
Year = {2023},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290708},
Abstract = {During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals depended on risk
information to make decisions about everyday behaviors and
public policy. Here, we assessed whether an interactive
website influenced individuals' risk tolerance to support
public health goals. We collected data from 11,169 unique
users who engaged with the online COVID-19 Event Risk Tool
(https://covid19risk.biosci.gatech.edu/) between 9/22/21 and
1/22/22. The website featured interactive elements,
including a dynamic risk map, survey questions, and a risk
quiz with accuracy feedback. After learning about the risk
of COVID-19 exposure, participants reported being less
willing to participate in events that could spread COVID-19,
especially for high-risk large events. We also uncovered a
bias in risk estimation: Participants tended to overestimate
the risk of small events but underestimate the risk of large
events. Importantly, even participants who voluntarily
sought information about COVID risks tended to misestimate
exposure risk, demonstrating the need for intervention.
Participants from liberal-leaning counties were more likely
to use the website tools and more responsive to feedback
about risk misestimation, indicating that political
partisanship influences how individuals seek and engage with
COVID-19 information. Lastly, we explored temporal dynamics
and found that user engagement and risk estimation
fluctuated over the course of the Omicron variant outbreak.
Overall, we report an effective large-scale method for
communicating viral exposure risk; our findings are relevant
to broader research on risk communication, epidemiological
modeling, and risky decision-making.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0290708},
Key = {fds373427}
}
@article{fds367675,
Author = {Poh, J-H and Vu, M-AT and Stanek, JK and Hsiung, A and Egner, T and Adcock,
RA},
Title = {Hippocampal convergence during anticipatory midbrain
activation promotes subsequent memory formation.},
Journal = {Nat Commun},
Volume = {13},
Number = {1},
Pages = {6729},
Year = {2022},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34459-3},
Abstract = {The hippocampus has been a focus of memory research since
H.M's surgery abolished his ability to form new memories,
yet its mechanistic role in memory remains debated. Here, we
identify a candidate memory mechanism: an anticipatory
hippocampal "convergence state", observed while awaiting
valuable information, and which predicts subsequent
learning. During fMRI, participants viewed trivia questions
eliciting high or low curiosity, followed seconds later by
its answer. We reasoned that encoding success requires a
confluence of conditions, so that hippocampal states more
conducive to memory formation should converge in state
space. To operationalize convergence of neural states, we
quantified the typicality of multivoxel patterns in the
medial temporal lobes during anticipation and encoding of
trivia answers. We found that the typicality of anticipatory
hippocampal patterns increased during high curiosity.
Crucially, anticipatory hippocampal pattern typicality
increased with dopaminergic midbrain activation and uniquely
accounted for the association between midbrain activation
and subsequent recall. We propose that hippocampal
convergence states may complete a cascade from motivation
and midbrain activation to memory enhancement, and may be a
general predictor of memory formation.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-34459-3},
Key = {fds367675}
}
@article{fds362530,
Author = {Chiew, KS and Harris, BB and Adcock, RA},
Title = {Remembering Election Night 2016: Subjective but not
objective metrics of autobiographical memory vary with
political affiliation, affective valence, and
surprise.},
Journal = {J Exp Psychol Gen},
Volume = {151},
Number = {2},
Pages = {390-409},
Year = {2022},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xge0001080},
Abstract = {Flashbulb memories represent a unique phenomenon linking
research on cognition with research on emotion, yet most
studies on this phenomenon have characterized collective
events that are negative and unexpected in nature. In
contrast, the 2016 American election of Donald Trump was a
public, culturally shared event, eliciting extreme emotional
responses that were positive for some individuals but
negative for others, as well as varying levels of surprise.
We longitudinally evaluated autobiographical memories for
Election Night 2016 in a large online sample of Clinton
supporters, Trump supporters, and third-party/nonvoters over
a 12-month period, in terms of both objective memory metrics
(information quantity and memory consistency) and subjective
memory metrics (including memory confidence, metacognition,
and sensory experience). Emotional responses to the election
outcome varied widely, with Clinton supporters reporting
highly negative responses, Trump supporters reporting highly
positive responses, and third-party/nonvoters reporting
mildly negative responses. Emotional intensity was enhanced
in surprised versus nonsurprised individuals. Relative to
third-party/nonvoters, Clinton and Trump supporters reported
greater memory vividness, event importance, and sensory
experience. Additionally, limited valence effects on
subjective memory were observed (including higher memory
confidence in Trump supporters and higher memory rehearsal
in Clinton supporters). These differences in subjective
experience were observed despite similar levels of
information quantity and consistency as a function of
valence. This characterization of memories for surprising
positive events suggests they share many of the paradoxical
qualities of memories for negative events often discussed as
"flashbulb memories" but also points to potential
differences in memory phenomenology for personal versus
collectively experienced events. (PsycInfo Database Record
(c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).},
Doi = {10.1037/xge0001080},
Key = {fds362530}
}
@article{fds362014,
Author = {Sinclair, AH and Manalili, GM and Brunec, IK and Adcock, RA and Barense,
MD},
Title = {Prediction errors disrupt hippocampal representations and
update episodic memories.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {118},
Number = {51},
Year = {2021},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117625118},
Abstract = {The brain supports adaptive behavior by generating
predictions, learning from errors, and updating memories to
incorporate new information. Prediction error, or surprise,
triggers learning when reality contradicts expectations.
Prior studies have shown that the hippocampus signals
prediction errors, but the hypothesized link to memory
updating has not been demonstrated. In a human functional
MRI study, we elicited mnemonic prediction errors by
interrupting familiar narrative videos immediately before
the expected endings. We found that prediction errors
reversed the relationship between univariate hippocampal
activation and memory: greater hippocampal activation
predicted memory preservation after expected endings, but
memory updating after surprising endings. In contrast to
previous studies, we show that univariate activation was
insufficient for understanding hippocampal prediction error
signals. We explain this surprising finding by tracking both
the evolution of hippocampal activation patterns and the
connectivity between the hippocampus and neuromodulatory
regions. We found that hippocampal activation patterns
stabilized as each narrative episode unfolded, suggesting
sustained episodic representations. Prediction errors
disrupted these sustained representations and the degree of
disruption predicted memory updating. The relationship
between hippocampal activation and subsequent memory
depended on concurrent basal forebrain activation,
supporting the idea that cholinergic modulation regulates
attention and memory. We conclude that prediction errors
create conditions that favor memory updating, prompting the
hippocampus to abandon ongoing predictions and make memories
malleable.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2117625118},
Key = {fds362014}
}
@article{fds362016,
Author = {Haugg, A and Renz, FM and Nicholson, AA and Lor, C and Götzendorfer,
SJ and Sladky, R and Skouras, S and McDonald, A and Craddock, C and Hellrung, L and Kirschner, M and Herdener, M and Koush, Y and Papoutsi,
M and Keynan, J and Hendler, T and Cohen Kadosh and K and Zich, C and Kohl,
SH and Hallschmid, M and MacInnes, J and Adcock, RA and Dickerson, KC and Chen, N-K and Young, K and Bodurka, J and Marxen, M and Yao, S and Becker,
B and Auer, T and Schweizer, R and Pamplona, G and Lanius, RA and Emmert,
K and Haller, S and Van De Ville and D and Kim, D-Y and Lee, J-H and Marins,
T and Megumi, F and Sorger, B and Kamp, T and Liew, S-L and Veit, R and Spetter, M and Weiskopf, N and Scharnowski, F and Steyrl,
D},
Title = {Predictors of real-time fMRI neurofeedback performance and
improvement - A machine learning mega-analysis.},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {237},
Pages = {118207},
Year = {2021},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118207},
Abstract = {Real-time fMRI neurofeedback is an increasingly popular
neuroimaging technique that allows an individual to gain
control over his/her own brain signals, which can lead to
improvements in behavior in healthy participants as well as
to improvements of clinical symptoms in patient populations.
However, a considerably large ratio of participants
undergoing neurofeedback training do not learn to control
their own brain signals and, consequently, do not benefit
from neurofeedback interventions, which limits clinical
efficacy of neurofeedback interventions. As neurofeedback
success varies between studies and participants, it is
important to identify factors that might influence
neurofeedback success. Here, for the first time, we employed
a big data machine learning approach to investigate the
influence of 20 different design-specific (e.g. activity vs.
connectivity feedback), region of interest-specific (e.g.
cortical vs. subcortical) and subject-specific factors (e.g.
age) on neurofeedback performance and improvement in 608
participants from 28 independent experiments. With a
classification accuracy of 60% (considerably different from
chance level), we identified two factors that significantly
influenced neurofeedback performance: Both the inclusion of
a pre-training no-feedback run before neurofeedback training
and neurofeedback training of patients as compared to
healthy participants were associated with better
neurofeedback performance. The positive effect of
pre-training no-feedback runs on neurofeedback performance
might be due to the familiarization of participants with the
neurofeedback setup and the mental imagery task before
neurofeedback training runs. Better performance of patients
as compared to healthy participants might be driven by
higher motivation of patients, higher ranges for the
regulation of dysfunctional brain signals, or a more
extensive piloting of clinical experimental paradigms. Due
to the large heterogeneity of our dataset, these findings
likely generalize across neurofeedback studies, thus
providing guidance for designing more efficient
neurofeedback studies specifically for improving clinical
neurofeedback-based interventions. To facilitate the
development of data-driven recommendations for specific
design details and subpopulations the field would benefit
from stronger engagement in open science research practices
and data sharing.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118207},
Key = {fds362016}
}
@article{fds362017,
Author = {Sinclair, AH and Hakimi, S and Stanley, ML and Adcock, RA and Samanez-Larkin, GR},
Title = {Pairing facts with imagined consequences improves
pandemic-related risk perception.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {118},
Number = {32},
Year = {2021},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2100970118},
Abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic reached staggering new peaks during a
global resurgence more than a year after the crisis began.
Although public health guidelines initially helped to slow
the spread of disease, widespread pandemic fatigue and
prolonged harm to financial stability and mental well-being
contributed to this resurgence. In the late stage of the
pandemic, it became clear that new interventions were needed
to support long-term behavior change. Here, we examined
subjective perceived risk about COVID-19 and the
relationship between perceived risk and engagement in risky
behaviors. In study 1 (n = 303), we found that subjective
perceived risk was likely inaccurate but predicted
compliance with public health guidelines. In study 2 (n =
735), we developed a multifaceted intervention designed to
realign perceived risk with actual risk. Participants
completed an episodic simulation task; we expected that
imagining a COVID-related scenario would increase the
salience of risk information and enhance behavior change.
Immediately following the episodic simulation, participants
completed a risk estimation task with individualized
feedback about local viral prevalence. We found that
information prediction error, a measure of surprise, drove
beneficial change in perceived risk and willingness to
engage in risky activities. Imagining a COVID-related
scenario beforehand enhanced the effect of prediction error
on learning. Importantly, our intervention produced lasting
effects that persisted after a 1- to 3-wk delay. Overall, we
describe a fast and feasible online intervention that
effectively changed beliefs and intentions about risky
behaviors.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2100970118},
Key = {fds362017}
}
@article{fds362018,
Author = {Sinclair, AH and Stanley, ML and Hakimi, S and Cabeza, R and Adcock, RA and Samanez-Larkin, GR},
Title = {Imagining a Personalized Scenario Selectively Increases
Perceived Risk of Viral Transmission for Older
Adults.},
Journal = {Nat Aging},
Volume = {1},
Number = {8},
Pages = {677-683},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {2021},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43587-021-00095-7},
Abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has created a serious and prolonged
public-health emergency. Older adults have been at
substantially greater risk of hospitalization, ICU
admission, and death due to COVID-19; as of February 2021,
over 81% of COVID-19-related deaths in the U.S. occurred for
people over the age of 651,2. Converging evidence from
around the world suggests that age is the greatest risk
factor for severe COVID-19 illness and for the experience of
adverse health outcomes3,4. Therefore, effectively
communicating health-related risk information requires
tailoring interventions to older adults' needs5. Using a
novel informational intervention with a nationally-representative
sample of 546 U.S. residents, we found that older adults
reported increased perceived risk of COVID-19 transmission
after imagining a personalized scenario with social
consequences. Although older adults tended to forget
numerical information over time, the personalized
simulations elicited increases in perceived risk that
persisted over a 1-3 week delay. Overall, our results bear
broad implications for communicating information about
health risks to older adults, and they suggest new
strategies to combat annual influenza outbreaks.},
Doi = {10.1038/s43587-021-00095-7},
Key = {fds362018}
}
@article{fds362015,
Author = {Dickerson, K and Poh, J-H and Hakimi, S and Wright, R and Eom, K and Muzekari, B and Kollins, S and Adcock, RA},
Title = {Cognitive Neurostimulation of Dopaminergic Midbrain via fMRI
Neurofeedback Training Increases Willingness to Exert Effort
in ADHD},
Journal = {NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY},
Volume = {46},
Number = {SUPPL 1},
Pages = {134-134},
Year = {2021},
Key = {fds362015}
}
@article{fds352043,
Author = {Haugg, A and Sladky, R and Skouras, S and McDonald, A and Craddock, C and Kirschner, M and Herdener, M and Koush, Y and Papoutsi, M and Keynan,
JN and Hendler, T and Cohen Kadosh and K and Zich, C and MacInnes, J and Adcock, RA and Dickerson, K and Chen, N-K and Young, K and Bodurka, J and Yao, S and Becker, B and Auer, T and Schweizer, R and Pamplona, G and Emmert, K and Haller, S and Van De Ville and D and Blefari, M-L and Kim,
D-Y and Lee, J-H and Marins, T and Fukuda, M and Sorger, B and Kamp, T and Liew, S-L and Veit, R and Spetter, M and Weiskopf, N and Scharnowski,
F},
Title = {Can we predict real-time fMRI neurofeedback learning success
from pretraining brain activity?},
Journal = {Hum Brain Mapp},
Volume = {41},
Number = {14},
Pages = {3839-3854},
Year = {2020},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.25089},
Abstract = {Neurofeedback training has been shown to influence behavior
in healthy participants as well as to alleviate clinical
symptoms in neurological, psychosomatic, and psychiatric
patient populations. However, many real-time fMRI
neurofeedback studies report large inter-individual
differences in learning success. The factors that cause this
vast variability between participants remain unknown and
their identification could enhance treatment success. Thus,
here we employed a meta-analytic approach including data
from 24 different neurofeedback studies with a total of 401
participants, including 140 patients, to determine whether
levels of activity in target brain regions during
pretraining functional localizer or no-feedback runs (i.e.,
self-regulation in the absence of neurofeedback) could
predict neurofeedback learning success. We observed a
slightly positive correlation between pretraining activity
levels during a functional localizer run and neurofeedback
learning success, but we were not able to identify common
brain-based success predictors across our diverse cohort of
studies. Therefore, advances need to be made in finding
robust models and measures of general neurofeedback
learning, and in increasing the current study database to
allow for investigating further factors that might influence
neurofeedback learning.},
Doi = {10.1002/hbm.25089},
Key = {fds352043}
}
@article{fds352044,
Author = {Botvinik-Nezer, R and Holzmeister, F and Camerer, CF and Dreber, A and Huber, J and Johannesson, M and Kirchler, M and Iwanir, R and Mumford,
JA and Adcock, RA and Avesani, P and Baczkowski, BM and Bajracharya, A and Bakst, L and Ball, S and Barilari, M and Bault, N and Beaton, D and Beitner, J and Benoit, RG and Berkers, RMWJ and Bhanji, JP and Biswal,
BB and Bobadilla-Suarez, S and Bortolini, T and Bottenhorn, KL and Bowring, A and Braem, S and Brooks, HR and Brudner, EG and Calderon, CB and Camilleri, JA and Castrellon, JJ and Cecchetti, L and Cieslik, EC and Cole, ZJ and Collignon, O and Cox, RW and Cunningham, WA and Czoschke,
S and Dadi, K and Davis, CP and Luca, AD and Delgado, MR and Demetriou, L and Dennison, JB and Di, X and Dickie, EW and Dobryakova, E and Donnat, CL and Dukart, J and Duncan, NW and Durnez, J and Eed, A and Eickhoff, SB and Erhart, A and Fontanesi, L and Fricke, GM and Fu, S and Galván, A and Gau,
R and Genon, S and Glatard, T and Glerean, E and Goeman, JJ and Golowin,
SAE and González-García, C and Gorgolewski, KJ and Grady, CL and Green, MA and Guassi Moreira and JF and Guest, O and Hakimi, S and Hamilton, JP and Hancock, R and Handjaras, G and Harry, BB and Hawco, C and Herholz, P and Herman, G and Heunis, S and Hoffstaedter, F and Hogeveen,
J and Holmes, S and Hu, C-P and Huettel, SA and Hughes, ME and Iacovella,
V and Iordan, AD and Isager, PM and Isik, AI and Jahn, A and Johnson, MR and Johnstone, T and Joseph, MJE and Juliano, AC and Kable, JW and Kassinopoulos, M and Koba, C and Kong, X-Z and Koscik, TR and Kucukboyaci, NE and Kuhl, BA and Kupek, S and Laird, AR and Lamm, C and Langner, R and Lauharatanahirun, N and Lee, H and Lee, S and Leemans, A and Leo, A and Lesage, E and Li, F and Li, MYC and Lim, PC and Lintz, EN and Liphardt, SW and Losecaat Vermeer and AB and Love, BC and Mack, ML and Malpica, N and Marins, T and Maumet, C and McDonald, K and McGuire, JT and Melero, H and Méndez Leal and AS and Meyer, B and Meyer, KN and Mihai, G and Mitsis, GD and Moll, J and Nielson, DM and Nilsonne, G and Notter, MP and Olivetti, E and Onicas, AI and Papale, P and Patil, KR and Peelle, JE and Pérez, A and Pischedda, D and Poline, J-B and Prystauka, Y and Ray, S and Reuter-Lorenz, PA and Reynolds, RC and Ricciardi, E and Rieck, JR and Rodriguez-Thompson, AM and Romyn, A and Salo, T and Samanez-Larkin,
GR and Sanz-Morales, E and Schlichting, ML and Schultz, DH and Shen, Q and Sheridan, MA and Silvers, JA and Skagerlund, K and Smith, A and Smith,
DV and Sokol-Hessner, P and Steinkamp, SR and Tashjian, SM and Thirion,
B and Thorp, JN and Tinghög, G and Tisdall, L and Tompson, SH and Toro-Serey, C and Torre Tresols and JJ and Tozzi, L and Truong, V and Turella, L and van 't Veer, AE and Verguts, T and Vettel, JM and Vijayarajah, S and Vo, K and Wall, MB and Weeda, WD and Weis, S and White,
DJ and Wisniewski, D and Xifra-Porxas, A and Yearling, EA and Yoon, S and Yuan, R and Yuen, KSL and Zhang, L and Zhang, X and Zosky, JE and Nichols,
TE and Poldrack, RA and Schonberg, T},
Title = {Variability in the analysis of a single neuroimaging dataset
by many teams.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {582},
Number = {7810},
Pages = {84-88},
Year = {2020},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2314-9},
Abstract = {Data analysis workflows in many scientific domains have
become increasingly complex and flexible. Here we assess the
effect of this flexibility on the results of functional
magnetic resonance imaging by asking 70 independent teams
to analyse the same dataset, testing the same 9 ex-ante
hypotheses1. The flexibility of analytical approaches is
exemplified by the fact that no two teams chose identical
workflows to analyse the data. This flexibility resulted in
sizeable variation in the results of hypothesis tests, even
for teams whose statistical maps were highly correlated at
intermediate stages of the analysis pipeline. Variation in
reported results was related to several aspects of analysis
methodology. Notably, a meta-analytical approach that
aggregated information across teams yielded a significant
consensus in activated regions. Furthermore, prediction
markets of researchers in the field revealed an
overestimation of the likelihood of significant findings,
even by researchers with direct knowledge of the dataset2-5.
Our findings show that analytical flexibility can have
substantial effects on scientific conclusions, and identify
factors that may be related to variability in the analysis
of functional magnetic resonance imaging. The results
emphasize the importance of validating and sharing complex
analysis workflows, and demonstrate the need for performing
and reporting multiple analyses of the same data. Potential
approaches that could be used to mitigate issues related to
analytical variability are discussed.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41586-020-2314-9},
Key = {fds352044}
}
@article{fds353894,
Author = {MacInnes, JJ and Adcock, RA and Stocco, A and Prat, CS and Rao, RPN and Dickerson, KC},
Title = {Pyneal: Open Source Real-Time fMRI Software.},
Journal = {Front Neurosci},
Volume = {14},
Pages = {900},
Year = {2020},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00900},
Abstract = {Increasingly, neuroimaging researchers are exploring the use
of real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rt-fMRI)
as a way to access a participant's ongoing brain function
throughout a scan. This approach presents novel and exciting
experimental applications ranging from monitoring data
quality in real time, to delivering neurofeedback from a
region of interest, to dynamically controlling experimental
flow, or interfacing with remote devices. Yet, for those
interested in adopting this method, the existing software
options are few and limited in application. This presents a
barrier for new users, as well as hinders existing users
from refining techniques and methods. Here we introduce a
free, open-source rt-fMRI package, the Pyneal toolkit,
designed to address this limitation. The Pyneal toolkit is
python-based software that offers a flexible and user
friendly framework for rt-fMRI, is compatible with all three
major scanner manufacturers (GE, Siemens, Phillips), and,
critically, allows fully customized analysis pipelines. In
this article, we provide a detailed overview of the
architecture, describe how to set up and run the Pyneal
toolkit during an experimental session, offer tutorials with
scan data that demonstrate how data flows through the Pyneal
toolkit with example analyses, and highlight the advantages
that the Pyneal toolkit offers to the neuroimaging
community.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnins.2020.00900},
Key = {fds353894}
}
@article{fds362019,
Author = {Hakimi, S and MacInnes, JJ and Dickerson, KC and McDonald, K and Adcock,
RA},
Title = {Embedded Temporal Patterns in the Feedback Signal
Differentially Predict VTA Neurofeedback-Mediated Learning
to Self-Regulate Motivation},
Journal = {NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY},
Volume = {45},
Number = {SUPPL 1},
Pages = {378-379},
Year = {2020},
Key = {fds362019}
}
@article{fds374095,
Author = {Sinclair, A and Manalili, G and Brunec, I and Adcock, A and Barense,
M},
Title = {Prediction Errors Disrupt Hippocampal Representations and
Update Episodic Memories},
Year = {2020},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.29.319418},
Abstract = {The brain supports adaptive behavior by generating
predictions, learning from errors, and updating memories to
incorporate new information. Prediction error, or surprise,
triggers learning when reality contradicts expectations.
Prior studies have shown that the hippocampus signals
prediction errors, but the hypothesized link to memory
updating has not been demonstrated. In a human fMRI study,
we elicited mnemonic prediction errors by interrupting
familiar narrative videos immediately before the expected
endings. We found that prediction error reversed the
relationship between univariate hippocampal activation and
memory: greater hippocampal activation predicted memory
preservation after expected endings, but memory updating
after surprising endings. In contrast to previous studies,
we showed that univariate activation was insufficient for
understanding hippocampal prediction error signals. We
explained this surprising finding by tracking both the
evolution of hippocampal activation patterns and
connectivity between the hippocampus and neuromodulatory
regions. We found that hippocampal activation patterns
stabilized as each narrative episode unfolded, suggesting
sustained episodic representations. Prediction errors
disrupted these sustained representations, and the degree of
disruption predicted memory updating. The relationship
between hippocampal activation and subsequent memory
depended on concurrent basal forebrain activation,
supporting the idea that cholinergic modulation regulates
attention and memory. We conclude that prediction errors
create conditions that favor memory updating, prompting the
hippocampus to abandon ongoing predictions and make memories
malleable. <h4>Significance</h4> Our brains draw on memories
to predict the future; when our predictions are incorrect,
we must update our memories to improve future predictions.
Past studies have demonstrated that the hippocampus signals
prediction error , or surprise, but have not linked this
neural signal to memory updating. Here, we uncover this
missing connection: We show that mnemonic prediction errors
change the role of the hippocampus, reversing the
relationship between hippocampal activation and memory
outcomes. We examine the mechanisms of this shift in neural
processing, showing that prediction errors disrupt the
temporal continuity of hippocampal patterns. We propose that
prediction errors disrupt sustained representations and
enable memory updating. Our findings bear implications for
improving education, understanding eyewitness memory
distortion, and treating pathological memories.},
Doi = {10.1101/2020.09.29.319418},
Key = {fds374095}
}
@article{fds352045,
Author = {Ho, NF and Holt, DJ and Cheung, M and Iglesias, JE and Goh, A and Wang, M and Lim, JKW and de Souza, J and Poh, JS and See, YM and Adcock, RA and Wood,
SJ and Chee, MWL and Lee, J and Zhou, J},
Title = {Correction: Progressive decline in hippocampal CA1 volume in
individuals at ultra-high-risk for psychosis who do not
remit: findings from the longitudinal youth at risk
study.},
Journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology},
Volume = {44},
Number = {12},
Pages = {2144},
Year = {2019},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41386-019-0477-6},
Abstract = {An amendment to this paper has been published and can be
accessed via a link at the top of the paper.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41386-019-0477-6},
Key = {fds352045}
}
@article{fds352046,
Author = {Stanek, JK and Dickerson, KC and Chiew, KS and Clement, NJ and Adcock,
RA},
Title = {Expected Reward Value and Reward Uncertainty Have Temporally
Dissociable Effects on Memory Formation.},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {31},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1443-1454},
Year = {2019},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01411},
Abstract = {Anticipating rewards has been shown to enhance memory
formation. Although substantial evidence implicates dopamine
in this behavioral effect, the precise mechanisms remain
ambiguous. Because dopamine nuclei have been associated with
two distinct physiological signatures of reward prediction,
we hypothesized two dissociable effects on memory formation.
These two signatures are a phasic dopamine response
immediately following a reward cue that encodes its expected
value and a sustained, ramping response that has been
demonstrated during high reward uncertainty [Fiorillo, C.
D., Tobler, P. N., & Schultz, W. Discrete coding of reward
probability and uncertainty by dopamine neurons. Science,
299, 1898-1902, 2003]. Here, we show in humans that the
impact of reward anticipation on memory for an event depends
on its timing relative to these physiological signatures. By
manipulating reward probability (100%, 50%, or 0%) and the
timing of the event to be encoded (just after the reward cue
versus just before expected reward outcome), we demonstrated
the predicted double dissociation: Early during reward
anticipation, memory formation was improved by increased
expected reward value, whereas late during reward
anticipation, memory formation was enhanced by reward
uncertainty. Notably, although the memory benefits of high
expected reward in the early interval were consolidation
dependent, the memory benefits of high uncertainty in the
later interval were not. These findings support the view
that expected reward benefits memory consolidation via
phasic dopamine release. The novel finding of a distinct
memory enhancement, temporally consistent with sustained
anticipatory dopamine release, points toward new mechanisms
of memory modulation by reward now ripe for further
investigation.},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_01411},
Key = {fds352046}
}
@article{fds352047,
Author = {Erwin, SR and Ng, S and Hakimi, S and Shrestha, S and Silberstein, K and Wright, R and Adcock, RA and Zucker, NL},
Title = {2.19 HARNESSING PERFECTIONISM: THE ROLE OF EMOTION
REGULATION AND REWARD EXPERIENCE},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {58},
Number = {10},
Pages = {S177-S177},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2019},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2019.08.111},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2019.08.111},
Key = {fds352047}
}
@article{fds352048,
Author = {Adcock, R and Dickerson, K and MacInnes, J and Adcock,
RA},
Title = {144. Cognitive Neurostimulation: Volitional Regulation of
Ventral Tegmental Area},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {85},
Number = {10},
Pages = {S60-S60},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2019},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.03.158},
Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.03.158},
Key = {fds352048}
}
@article{fds343624,
Author = {Duffy, KA and Luber, B and Adcock, RA and Chartrand,
TL},
Title = {Enhancing activation in the right temporoparietal junction
using theta-burst stimulation: Disambiguating between two
hypotheses of top-down control of behavioral
mimicry.},
Journal = {PLoS One},
Volume = {14},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e0211279},
Year = {2019},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211279},
Abstract = {Whereas previous research has focused on the role of the
rTPJ when consciously inhibiting mimicry, we test the role
of the rTPJ on mimicry within a social interaction, during
which mimicking occurs nonconsciously. We wanted to
determine whether higher rTPJ activation always inhibits the
tendency to imitate (regardless of the context) or whether
it facilitates mimicry during social interactions (when
mimicking is an adaptive response). Participants received
either active or sham intermittent theta-burst stimulation
(iTBS: a type of stimulation that increases cortical
activation) to the rTPJ. Next, we measured how much
participants mimicked the hair and face touching of another
person. Participants in the active stimulation condition
engaged in significantly less mimicry than those in the sham
stimulation condition. This finding suggests that even in a
context in which mimicking is adaptive, rTPJ inhibits
mimicry rather than facilitating it, supporting the
hypothesis that rTPJ enhances representations of self over
other regardless of the goals within a given
context.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0211279},
Key = {fds343624}
}
@article{fds340690,
Author = {Wang, C and Lee, J and Ho, NF and Lim, JKW and Poh, JS and Rekhi, G and Krishnan, R and Keefe, RSE and Adcock, RA and Wood, SJ and Fornito, A and Chee, MWL and Zhou, J},
Title = {Large-Scale Network Topology Reveals Heterogeneity in
Individuals With at Risk Mental State for Psychosis:
Findings From the Longitudinal Youth-at-Risk
Study.},
Journal = {Cereb Cortex},
Volume = {28},
Number = {12},
Pages = {4234-4243},
Year = {2018},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhx278},
Abstract = {Emerging evidence demonstrates heterogeneity in clinical
outcomes of prodromal psychosis that only a small percentage
of at-risk individuals eventually progress to full-blown
psychosis. To examine the neurobiological underpinnings of
this heterogeneity from a network perspective, we tested
whether the early patterns of large-scale brain network
topology were associated with risk of developing clinical
psychosis. Task-free functional MRI data were acquired from
subjects with At Risk Mental State (ARMS) for psychosis and
healthy controls (HC). All individuals had no history of
drug abuse and were not on antipsychotics. We performed
functional connectomics analysis to identify patterns of
system-level functional brain dysconnectivity associated
with ARMS individuals with different outcomes. In comparison
to HC and ARMS who did not transition to psychosis at
follow-up (ARMS-NT), ARMS individuals who did (ARMS-T)
showed marked brain functional dysconnectivity,
characterized by loss of network segregation and disruption
of network communities, especially the salience, default,
dorsal attention, sensorimotor and limbic networks (P < 0.05
FWE-corrected, Cohen's d > 1.00), and was associated with
baseline symptom severity. In contrast, we did not observe
connectivity differences between ARMS-NT and HC individuals.
Taken together, these results suggest a possible large-scale
functional brain network topology phenotype related to risk
of psychosis transition in ARMS individuals.},
Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhx278},
Key = {fds340690}
}
@article{fds352049,
Author = {Dickerson, K and MacDuffie, K and MacInnes, J and Eddington, K and Strauman, T and Adcock, RA},
Title = {Real-Time fMRI as a CBT Adjunct: Predicting the Behavioral
Impact of Neurofeedback},
Journal = {NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY},
Volume = {43},
Pages = {S125-S126},
Publisher = {NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP},
Year = {2018},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds352049}
}
@article{fds352050,
Author = {Dickerson, K and MacDuffie, K and MacInnes, J and Eddington, K and Strauman, T and Adcock, RA},
Title = {T157. Using Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback as a Tool for
Demonstrating Therapeutic Efficacy},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {83},
Number = {9},
Pages = {S189-S189},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2018},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.494},
Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.494},
Key = {fds352050}
}
@article{fds352051,
Author = {Liu, S and Lee, J and Tandi, J and Wang, C and Lim, JKW and Ho, N and Poh, J and Alison Adcock and R and Keefe, R and Wood, S and Krishnan, R and Chee, M and Zhou, J},
Title = {F156. LONGITUDINAL WORKING MEMORY FUNCTIONAL DYSCONNECTIVITY
REFLECTS HETEROGENEITY IN INDIVIDUALS AT ULTRA HIGH RISK FOR
PSYCHOSIS},
Journal = {Schizophrenia Bulletin},
Volume = {44},
Number = {suppl_1},
Pages = {S281-S281},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sby017.687},
Doi = {10.1093/schbul/sby017.687},
Key = {fds352051}
}
@article{fds339377,
Author = {MacDuffie, KE and MacInnes, J and Dickerson, KC and Eddington, KM and Strauman, TJ and Adcock, RA},
Title = {Single session real-time fMRI neurofeedback has a lasting
impact on cognitive behavioral therapy strategies.},
Journal = {Neuroimage Clin},
Volume = {19},
Pages = {868-875},
Year = {2018},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2018.06.009},
Abstract = {To benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT),
individuals must not only learn new skills but also
strategically implement them outside of session. Here, we
tested a novel technique for personalizing CBT skills and
facilitating their generalization to daily life. We
hypothesized that showing participants the impact of
specific CBT strategies on their own brain function using
real-time functional magnetic imaging (rt-fMRI)
neurofeedback would increase their metacognitive awareness,
help them identify effective strategies, and motivate
real-world use. In a within-subjects design, participants
who had completed a clinical trial of a standardized course
of CBT created a personal repertoire of negative
autobiographical stimuli and mood regulation strategies.
From each participant's repertoire, a set of experimental
and control strategies were identified; only experimental
strategies were practiced in the scanner. During the rt-fMRI
neurofeedback session, participants used negative stimuli
and strategies from their repertoire to manipulate
activation in the anterior cingulate cortex, a region
implicated in emotional distress. The primary outcome
measures were changes in participant ratings of strategy
difficulty, efficacy, and frequency of use. As predicted,
ratings for unscanned control strategies were stable across
observations, whereas ratings for experimental strategies
changed after neurofeedback. At follow-up one month after
the session, efficacy and frequency ratings for scanned
strategies were predicted by neurofeedback during the
rt-fMRI session. These results suggest that rt-fMRI
neurofeedback created a salient and durable learning
experience for patients, extending beyond the scan session
to guide and motivate CBT skill use weeks later. This
metacognitive approach to neurofeedback offers a promising
model for increasing clinical benefits from cognitive
behavioral therapy by personalizing skills and facilitating
generalization.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.nicl.2018.06.009},
Key = {fds339377}
}
@article{fds343625,
Author = {Dickerson, K and Adcock, RA},
Title = {Motivation and Memory},
Journal = {Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive
Neuroscience},
Volume = {1. Learning and Memory},
Booktitle = {Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive
Neuroscience, , 5 Volume Set},
Publisher = {John Wiley & Sons, Inc.},
Editor = {Phelps, EA and Davachi, L},
Year = {2018},
ISBN = {9781119170167},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119170174.epcn107},
Abstract = {In this chapter we explore how motivation affects what we
learn and subsequently remember. Our memories are not a
perfect record of every event in our lives, meticulously
recorded and replayed precisely whenever we desire. They are
quite the opposite: Memories are selective, flexible, and
change over time. Neurobiologically, how a memory is encoded
in our brains and later consolidated is influenced by our
motivational state. Here we first review foundational
research on motivation and describe how it affects learning
and memory. We then describe exciting discoveries emerging
within the past decade demonstrating that different
motivational states engage distinct neuroanatomical
networks, which modulate the shape and form of memory. In
the conclusion of this chapter we note opportunities to
leverage human motivation and tailor what we learn to help
us adapt and grow, with profound implications for education
and clinical treatments.},
Doi = {10.1002/9781119170174.epcn107},
Key = {fds343625}
}
@article{fds343626,
Author = {Horne, AJ and Chiew, KS and Zhuang, J and George, LK and Adcock, RA and Potter, GG and Lad, EM and Cousins, SW and Lin, FR and Mamo, SK and Chen,
N-K and Maciejewski, AJ and Duong Fernandez and X and Whitson,
HE},
Title = {Relating Sensory, Cognitive, and Neural Factors to Older
Persons' Perceptions about Happiness: An Exploratory
Study.},
Journal = {J Aging Res},
Volume = {2018},
Pages = {4930385},
Year = {2018},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4930385},
Abstract = {Despite increased rates of disease, disability, and social
losses with aging, seniors consistently report higher levels
of subjective well-being (SWB), a construct closely related
to happiness, than younger adults. In this exploratory
study, we utilized an available dataset to investigate how
aspects of health commonly deteriorating with age, including
sensory (i.e., vision and hearing) and cognitive status,
relate to variability in self-described contributors to
happiness. Community-dwelling seniors (n = 114) responded to
a single-item prompt: "name things that make people happy."
1731 responses were categorized into 13 domains of SWB via
structured content analysis. Sensory health and cognition
were assessed by Snellen visual acuity, pure-tone
audiometry, and in-person administration of the Brief Test
of Adult Cognition by Telephone (BTACT) battery. A subset of
eligible participants (n = 57) underwent functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess resting state functional
connectivity (FC) within a previously described dopaminergic
network associated with reward processing. SWB response
patterns were relatively stable across gender, sensory
status, and cognitive performance with few exceptions. For
example, hearing-impaired participants listed fewer
determinants of SWB (13.59 vs. 17.16; p < 0.001) and were
less likely to name things in the "special events" category.
Participants with a higher proportion of responses in the
"accomplishments" domain (e.g., winning, getting good
grades) demonstrated increased FC between the ventral
tegmental area and nucleus accumbens, regions implicated in
reward and motivated behavior. While the framework for
determinants of happiness among seniors was largely stable
across the factors assessed here, our findings suggest that
subtle changes in this construct may be linked to sensory
loss. The possibility that perceptions about determinants of
happiness might relate to differences in intrinsic
connectivity within reward-related brain networks also
warrants further investigation.},
Doi = {10.1155/2018/4930385},
Key = {fds343626}
}
@article{fds341288,
Author = {Chiew, KS and Hashemi, J and Gans, LK and Lerebours, L and Clement, NJ and Vu, M-AT and Sapiro, G and Heller, NE and Adcock,
RA},
Title = {Motivational valence alters memory formation without
altering exploration of a real-life spatial
environment.},
Journal = {PLoS One},
Volume = {13},
Number = {3},
Pages = {e0193506},
Year = {2018},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193506},
Abstract = {Volitional exploration and learning are key to adaptive
behavior, yet their characterization remains a complex
problem for cognitive science. Exploration has been posited
as a mechanism by which motivation promotes memory, but this
relationship is not well-understood, in part because novel
stimuli that motivate exploration also reliably elicit
changes in neuromodulatory brain systems that directly alter
memory formation, via effects on neural plasticity. To
deconfound interrelationships between motivation,
exploration, and memory formation we manipulated
motivational state prior to entering a spatial context,
measured exploratory responses to the context and novel
stimuli within it, and then examined motivation and
exploration as predictors of memory outcomes. To elicit
spontaneous exploration, we used the physical space of an
art exhibit with affectively rich content; we expected
motivated exploration and memory to reflect multiple
factors, including not only motivational valence, but also
individual differences. Motivation was manipulated via an
introductory statement framing exhibit themes in terms of
Promotion- or Prevention-oriented goals. Participants
explored the exhibit while being tracked by video. They
returned 24 hours later for recall and spatial memory tests,
followed by measures of motivation, personality, and
relevant attitude variables. Promotion and Prevention
condition participants did not differ in terms of
group-level exploration time or memory metrics, suggesting
similar motivation to explore under both framing contexts.
However, exploratory behavior and memory outcomes were
significantly more closely related under Promotion than
Prevention, indicating that Prevention framing disrupted
expected depth-of-encoding effects. Additionally, while
trait measures predicted exploration similarly across
framing conditions, traits interacted with motivational
framing context and facial affect to predict memory
outcomes. This novel characterization of motivated learning
implies that dissociable behavioral and biological
mechanisms, here varying as a function of valence,
contribute to memory outcomes in complex, real-life
environments.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0193506},
Key = {fds341288}
}
@article{fds319596,
Author = {Scult, MA and Knodt, AR and Hanson, JL and Ryoo, M and Adcock, RA and Hariri, AR and Strauman, TJ},
Title = {Individual differences in regulatory focus predict neural
response to reward.},
Journal = {Soc Neurosci},
Volume = {12},
Number = {4},
Pages = {419-429},
Year = {2017},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2016.1178170},
Abstract = {Although goal pursuit is related to both functioning of the
brain's reward circuits and psychological factors, the
literatures surrounding these concepts have often been
separate. Here, we use the psychological construct of
regulatory focus to investigate individual differences in
neural response to reward. Regulatory focus theory proposes
two motivational orientations for personal goal pursuit: (1)
promotion, associated with sensitivity to potential gain,
and (2) prevention, associated with sensitivity to potential
loss. The monetary incentive delay task was used to
manipulate reward circuit function, along with instructional
framing corresponding to promotion and prevention in a
within-subject design. We observed that the more promotion
oriented an individual was, the lower their ventral striatum
response to gain cues. Follow-up analyses revealed that
greater promotion orientation was associated with decreased
ventral striatum response even to no-value cues, suggesting
that promotion orientation may be associated with relatively
hypoactive reward system function. The findings are also
likely to represent an interaction between the cognitive and
motivational characteristics of the promotion system with
the task demands. Prevention orientation did not correlate
with ventral striatum response to gain cues, supporting the
discriminant validity of regulatory focus theory. The
results highlight a dynamic association between individual
differences in self-regulation and reward system
function.},
Doi = {10.1080/17470919.2016.1178170},
Key = {fds319596}
}
@article{fds343627,
Author = {Ho, NF and Holt, DJ and Cheung, M and Iglesias, JE and Goh, A and Wang, M and Lim, JK and de Souza, J and Poh, JS and See, YM and Adcock, AR and Wood,
SJ and Chee, MW and Lee, J and Zhou, J},
Title = {Progressive Decline in Hippocampal CA1 Volume in Individuals
at Ultra-High-Risk for Psychosis Who Do Not Remit: Findings
from the Longitudinal Youth at Risk Study.},
Journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology},
Volume = {42},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1361-1370},
Year = {2017},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2017.5},
Abstract = {Most individuals identified as ultra-high-risk (UHR) for
psychosis do not develop frank psychosis. They continue to
exhibit subthreshold symptoms, or go on to fully remit.
Prior work has shown that the volume of CA1, a subfield of
the hippocampus, is selectively reduced in the early stages
of schizophrenia. Here we aimed to determine whether
patterns of volume change of CA1 are different in UHR
individuals who do or do not achieve symptomatic remission.
Structural MRI scans were acquired at baseline and at 1-2
follow-up time points (at 12-month intervals) from 147 UHR
and healthy control subjects. An automated method (based on
an ex vivo atlas of ultra-high-resolution hippocampal
tissue) was used to delineate the hippocampal subfields.
Over time, a greater decline in bilateral CA1 subfield
volumes was found in the subgroup of UHR subjects whose
subthreshold symptoms persisted (n=40) and also those who
developed clinical psychosis (n=12), compared with UHR
subjects who remitted (n=41) and healthy controls (n=54). No
baseline differences in volumes of the overall hippocampus
or its subfields were found among the groups. Moreover, the
rate of volume decline of CA1, but not of other hippocampal
subfields, in the non-remitters was associated with
increasing symptom severity over time. Thus, these findings
indicate that there is deterioration of CA1 volume in
persistently symptomatic UHR individuals in proportion to
symptomatic progression.},
Doi = {10.1038/npp.2017.5},
Key = {fds343627}
}
@article{fds310030,
Author = {Murty, VP and Ballard, IC and Adcock, RA},
Title = {Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex Predict Distinct
Timescales of Activation in the Human Ventral Tegmental
Area.},
Journal = {Cereb Cortex},
Volume = {27},
Number = {2},
Pages = {1660-1669},
Year = {2017},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1047-3211},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhw005},
Abstract = {The mesolimbic dopamine system contributes to a remarkable
variety of behaviors at multiple timescales. Midbrain
neurons have fast and slow signaling components, and
specific afferent systems, such as the hippocampus (HPC) and
prefrontal cortex (PFC), have been demonstrated to drive
these components in anesthetized animals. Whether these
interactions exist during behavior, however, is unknown. To
address this question, we developed a novel analysis of
human functional magnetic resonance imaging data that fits
models of network excitation and inhibition on ventral
tegmental area (VTA) activation. We show that specific
afferent systems predict distinct temporal components of
midbrain VTA signal. We found that PFC, but not HPC,
positively predicted transient, event-evoked VTA activation.
In contrast, HPC, but not PFC, positively predicted slow
shifts in VTA baseline variability. Thus, unique functional
contributions of afferent systems to VTA physiology are
detectable at the network level in behaving humans. The
findings support models of dopamine function in which
dissociable neural circuits support different aspects of
motivated behavior via active regulation of tonic and phasic
signals.},
Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhw005},
Key = {fds310030}
}
@article{fds340608,
Author = {Murty, VP and Tompary, A and Adcock, RA and Davachi,
L},
Title = {Selectivity in Postencoding Connectivity with High-Level
Visual Cortex Is Associated with Reward-Motivated
Memory.},
Journal = {J Neurosci},
Volume = {37},
Number = {3},
Pages = {537-545},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4032-15.2016},
Abstract = {UNLABELLED: Reward motivation has been demonstrated to
enhance declarative memory by facilitating systems-level
consolidation. Although high-reward information is often
intermixed with lower reward information during an
experience, memory for high value information is
prioritized. How is this selectivity achieved? One
possibility is that postencoding consolidation processes
bias memory strengthening to those representations
associated with higher reward. To test this hypothesis, we
investigated the influence of differential reward motivation
on the selectivity of postencoding markers of systems-level
memory consolidation. Human participants encoded intermixed,
trial-unique memoranda that were associated with either high
or low-value during fMRI acquisition. Encoding was
interleaved with periods of rest, allowing us to investigate
experience-dependent changes in connectivity as they related
to later memory. Behaviorally, we found that reward
motivation enhanced 24 h associative memory. Analysis of
patterns of postencoding connectivity showed that, even
though learning trials were intermixed, there was
significantly greater connectivity with regions of
high-level, category-selective visual cortex associated with
high-reward trials. Specifically, increased connectivity of
category-selective visual cortex with both the VTA and the
anterior hippocampus predicted associative memory for high-
but not low-reward memories. Critically, these results were
independent of encoding-related connectivity and univariate
activity measures. Thus, these findings support a model by
which the selective stabilization of memories for salient
events is supported by postencoding interactions with
sensory cortex associated with reward. SIGNIFICANCE
STATEMENT: Reward motivation is thought to promote memory by
supporting memory consolidation. Yet, little is known as to
how brain selects relevant information for subsequent
consolidation based on reward. We show that
experience-dependent changes in connectivity of both the
anterior hippocampus and the VTA with high-level visual
cortex selectively predicts memory for high-reward memoranda
at a 24 h delay. These findings provide evidence for a novel
mechanism guiding the consolidation of memories for valuable
events, namely, postencoding interactions between neural
systems supporting mesolimbic dopamine activation, episodic
memory, and perception.},
Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4032-15.2016},
Key = {fds340608}
}
@article{fds322744,
Author = {Murty, VP and Tompary, A and Adcock, RA and Davachi,
L},
Title = {Selectivity in post-encoding connectivity with high-level
visual cortex is associated with reward-motivated
memory.},
Journal = {J Neurosci},
Year = {2016},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4032-15.2016},
Abstract = {Reward motivation has been demonstrated to enhance
declarative memory by facilitating systems level
consolidation. While high reward information is often
intermixed with lower reward information during an
experience, memory for those experiences prioritizes high
value information. How is this selectivity achieved? One
possibility is that post-encoding consolidation processes
bias memory strengthening to those representations
associated with higher reward. To test this hypothesis, we
investigated the influence of differential reward motivation
on the selectivity of post-encoding markers of systems-level
memory consolidation. Human participants encoded intermixed,
trial-unique memoranda that were associated with either high
or low value during fMRI acquisition. Encoding was
interleaved with periods of rest, allowing us to investigate
experience-dependent changes in connectivity as they related
to later memory. Behaviorally, we found that reward
motivation enhanced 24-hour associative memory. Analysis of
patterns of post-encoding connectivity showed that even
though learning trials were intermixed, there was
significantly greater connectivity with regions of
high-level, category-selective visual cortex associated with
high reward trials. Specifically, increased connectivity of
category-selective visual cortex with both the ventral
tegmental area and the anterior hippocampus predicted
associative memory for high- but not low-reward memories.
Critically, these results were independent of
encoding-related connectivity and univariate activity
measures. Thus, these findings support a model by which the
selective stabilization of memories for salient events is
supported by post-encoding interactions with sensory cortex
associated with reward. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Reward
motivation is thought to promote memory by supporting memory
consolidation. Yet, little is known as to how brain selects
relevant information for subsequent consolidation based on
reward. We show that experience-dependent changes in
connectivity of both the anterior hippocampus and the
ventral tegmental area with high-level visual cortex
selectively predicts memory for high-reward memoranda at a
24-hour delay. These findings provide evidence for a novel
mechanism guiding the consolidation of memories for valuable
events, namely post-encoding interactions between neural
systems supporting mesolimbic dopamine activation, episodic
memory, and perception.},
Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4032-15.2016},
Key = {fds322744}
}
@article{fds352052,
Author = {Dickerson, K and MacInnes, J and Chen, N-K and Adcock,
RA},
Title = {Cognitive Neurostimulation of the Dopamine
System},
Journal = {NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY},
Volume = {41},
Pages = {S500-S501},
Publisher = {NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP},
Year = {2016},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds352052}
}
@article{fds319595,
Author = {Wang, C and Ji, F and Hong, Z and Poh, JS and Krishnan, R and Lee, J and Rekhi, G and Keefe, RSE and Adcock, RA and Wood, SJ and Fornito, A and Pasternak, O and Chee, MWL and Zhou, J},
Title = {Disrupted salience network functional connectivity and
white-matter microstructure in persons at risk for
psychosis: findings from the LYRIKS study.},
Journal = {Psychol Med},
Volume = {46},
Number = {13},
Pages = {2771-2783},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291716001410},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Salience network (SN) dysconnectivity has been
hypothesized to contribute to schizophrenia. Nevertheless,
little is known about the functional and structural
dysconnectivity of SN in subjects at risk for psychosis. We
hypothesized that SN functional and structural connectivity
would be disrupted in subjects with At-Risk Mental State
(ARMS) and would be associated with symptom severity and
disease progression. METHOD: We examined 87 ARMS and 37
healthy participants using both resting-state functional
magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging.
Group differences in SN functional and structural
connectivity were examined using a seed-based approach and
tract-based spatial statistics. Subject-level functional
connectivity measures and diffusion indices of disrupted
regions were correlated with CAARMS scores and compared
between ARMS with and without transition to psychosis.
RESULTS: ARMS subjects exhibited reduced functional
connectivity between the left ventral anterior insula and
other SN regions. Reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) and
axial diffusivity were also found along white-matter tracts
in close proximity to regions of disrupted functional
connectivity, including frontal-striatal-thalamic circuits
and the cingulum. FA measures extracted from these disrupted
white-matter regions correlated with individual symptom
severity in the ARMS group. Furthermore, functional
connectivity between the bilateral insula and FA at the
forceps minor were further reduced in subjects who
transitioned to psychosis after 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: Our
findings support the insular dysconnectivity of the proximal
SN hypothesis in the early stages of psychosis. Further
developed, the combined structural and functional SN assays
may inform the prognosis of persons at-risk for
psychosis.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0033291716001410},
Key = {fds319595}
}
@article{fds311784,
Author = {Murty, VP and LaBar, KS and Adcock, RA},
Title = {Distinct medial temporal networks encode surprise during
motivation by reward versus punishment.},
Journal = {Neurobiol Learn Mem},
Volume = {134 Pt A},
Number = {Pt A},
Pages = {55-64},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1074-7427},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2016.01.018},
Abstract = {Adaptive motivated behavior requires predictive internal
representations of the environment, and surprising events
are indications for encoding new representations of the
environment. The medial temporal lobe memory system,
including the hippocampus and surrounding cortex, encodes
surprising events and is influenced by motivational state.
Because behavior reflects the goals of an individual, we
investigated whether motivational valence (i.e., pursuing
rewards versus avoiding punishments) also impacts neural and
mnemonic encoding of surprising events. During functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), participants encountered
perceptually unexpected events either during the pursuit of
rewards or avoidance of punishments. Despite similar levels
of motivation across groups, reward and punishment
facilitated the processing of surprising events in different
medial temporal lobe regions. Whereas during reward
motivation, perceptual surprises enhanced activation in the
hippocampus, during punishment motivation surprises instead
enhanced activation in parahippocampal cortex. Further, we
found that reward motivation facilitated hippocampal
coupling with ventromedial PFC, whereas punishment
motivation facilitated parahippocampal cortical coupling
with orbitofrontal cortex. Behaviorally, post-scan testing
revealed that reward, but not punishment, motivation
resulted in greater memory selectivity for surprising events
encountered during goal pursuit. Together these findings
demonstrate that neuromodulatory systems engaged by
anticipation of reward and punishment target separate
components of the medial temporal lobe, modulating medial
temporal lobe sensitivity and connectivity. Thus, reward and
punishment motivation yield distinct neural contexts for
learning, with distinct consequences for how surprises are
incorporated into predictive mnemonic models of the
environment.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.nlm.2016.01.018},
Key = {fds311784}
}
@article{fds311783,
Author = {MacInnes, JJ and Dickerson, KC and Chen, N-K and Adcock,
RA},
Title = {Cognitive Neurostimulation: Learning to Volitionally Sustain
Ventral Tegmental Area Activation.},
Journal = {Neuron},
Volume = {89},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1331-1342},
Publisher = {Elsevier (Cell Press)},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0896-6273},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2016.02.002},
Abstract = {Activation of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and
mesolimbic networks is essential to motivation, performance,
and learning. Humans routinely attempt to motivate
themselves, with unclear efficacy or impact on VTA networks.
Using fMRI, we found untrained participants' motivational
strategies failed to consistently activate VTA. After
real-time VTA neurofeedback training, however, participants
volitionally induced VTA activation without external aids,
relative to baseline, Pre-test, and control groups. VTA
self-activation was accompanied by increased mesolimbic
network connectivity. Among two comparison groups (no
neurofeedback, false neurofeedback) and an alternate
neurofeedback group (nucleus accumbens), none sustained
activation in target regions of interest nor increased VTA
functional connectivity. The results comprise two novel
demonstrations: learning and generalization after VTA
neurofeedback training and the ability to sustain VTA
activation without external reward or reward cues. These
findings suggest theoretical alignment of ideas about
motivation and midbrain physiology and the potential for
generalizable interventions to improve performance and
learning.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2016.02.002},
Key = {fds311783}
}
@article{fds300278,
Author = {McClernon, FJ and Conklin, CA and Kozink, RV and Adcock, RA and Sweitzer, MM and Addicott, MA and Chou, Y-H and Chen, N-K and Hallyburton, MB and DeVito, AM},
Title = {Hippocampal and Insular Response to Smoking-Related
Environments: Neuroimaging Evidence for Drug-Context Effects
in Nicotine Dependence.},
Journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology},
Volume = {41},
Number = {3},
Pages = {877-885},
Year = {2016},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0893-133X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2015.214},
Abstract = {Environments associated with prior drug use provoke craving
and drug taking, and set the stage for lapse/relapse.
Although the neurobehavioral bases of environment-induced
drug taking have been investigated with animal models, the
influence of drug-environments on brain function and
behavior in clinical populations of substance users is
largely unexplored. Adult smokers (n=40) photographed
locations personally associated with smoking (personal
smoking environments; PSEs) or personal nonsmoking
environment (PNEs). Following 24-h abstinence, participants
underwent fMRI scanning while viewing PSEs, PNEs, standard
smoking and nonsmoking environments, as well as proximal
smoking (eg, lit cigarette) and nonsmoking (eg, pencil)
cues. Finally, in two separate sessions following 6-h
abstinence they viewed either PSEs or PNEs while cue-induced
self-reported craving and smoking behavior were assessed.
Viewing PSEs increased blood oxygen level-dependent signal
in right posterior hippocampus (pHPC; F(2,685)=3.74,
p<0.024) and bilateral insula (left: F(2,685)=6.87,
p=0.0011; right: F(2,685)=5.34, p=0.005). In the laboratory,
viewing PSEs, compared with PNEs, was associated with higher
craving levels (F(2,180)=18.32, p<0.0001) and greater ad lib
smoking (F(1,36)=5.01, p=0.032). The effect of PSEs (minus
PNEs) on brain activation in right insula was positively
correlated with the effect of PSEs (minus PNEs) on number of
puffs taken from a cigarette (r=0.6, p=0.001). Our data, for
the first time in humans, elucidates the neural mechanisms
that mediate the effects of real-world drug-associated
environments on drug taking behavior under conditions of
drug abstinence. These findings establish targets for the
development and evaluation of treatments seeking to reduce
environment provoked relapse.},
Doi = {10.1038/npp.2015.214},
Key = {fds300278}
}
@article{fds322745,
Author = {Chiew, KS and Stanek, JK and Adcock, RA},
Title = {Reward Anticipation Dynamics during Cognitive Control and
Episodic Encoding: Implications for Dopamine.},
Journal = {Front Hum Neurosci},
Volume = {10},
Pages = {555},
Year = {2016},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00555},
Abstract = {Dopamine (DA) modulatory activity critically supports
motivated behavior. This modulation operates at multiple
timescales, but the functional roles of these distinct
dynamics on cognition are still being characterized. Reward
processing has been robustly linked to DA activity; thus,
examining behavioral effects of reward anticipation at
different timing intervals, corresponding to different
putative dopaminergic dynamics, may help in characterizing
the functional role of these dynamics. Towards this end, we
present two research studies investigating reward motivation
effects on cognitive control and episodic memory, converging
in their manipulation of rapid vs. multi-second reward
anticipation (consistent with timing profiles of phasic vs.
ramping DA, respectively) on performance. Under prolonged
reward anticipation, both control and memory performances
were enhanced, specifically when combined with other
experimental factors: task-informative cues (control task)
and reward uncertainty (memory task). Given observations of
ramping DA under uncertainty (Fiorillo et al., 2003) and
arguments that uncertainty may act as a control signal
increasing environmental monitoring (Mushtaq et al., 2011),
we suggest that task information and reward uncertainty can
both serve as "need for control" signals that facilitate
learning via enhanced monitoring, and that this activity may
be supported by a ramping profile of dopaminergic activity.
Observations of rapid (i.e., phasic) reward on control and
memory performance can be interpreted in line with prior
evidence, but review indicates that contributions of
different dopaminergic timescales in these processes are not
well-understood. Future experimental work to clarify these
dynamics and characterize a cross-domain role for reward
motivation and DA in goal-directed behavior is
suggested.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2016.00555},
Key = {fds322745}
}
@article{fds300279,
Author = {Klauser, P and Zhou, J and Lim, JKW and Poh, JS and Zheng, H and Tng, HY and Krishnan, R and Lee, J and Keefe, RSE and Adcock, RA and Wood, SJ and Fornito, A and Chee, MWL},
Title = {Lack of Evidence for Regional Brain Volume or Cortical
Thickness Abnormalities in Youths at Clinical High Risk for
Psychosis: Findings From the Longitudinal Youth at Risk
Study.},
Journal = {Schizophr Bull},
Volume = {41},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1285-1293},
Year = {2015},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0586-7614},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbv012},
Abstract = {There is cumulative evidence that young people in an
"at-risk mental state" (ARMS) for psychosis show structural
brain abnormalities in frontolimbic areas, comparable to,
but less extensive than those reported in established
schizophrenia. However, most available data come from ARMS
samples from Australia, Europe, and North America while
large studies from other populations are missing. We
conducted a structural brain magnetic resonance imaging
study from a relatively large sample of 69 ARMS individuals
and 32 matched healthy controls (HC) recruited from
Singapore as part of the Longitudinal Youth At-Risk Study
(LYRIKS). We used 2 complementary approaches: a voxel-based
morphometry and a surface-based morphometry analysis to
extract regional gray and white matter volumes (GMV and WMV)
and cortical thickness (CT). At the whole-brain level, we
did not find any statistically significant difference
between ARMS and HC groups concerning total GMV and WMV or
regional GMV, WMV, and CT. The additional comparison of 2
regions of interest, hippocampal, and ventricular volumes,
did not return any significant difference either. Several
characteristics of the LYRIKS sample like Asian origins or
the absence of current illicit drug use could explain, alone
or in conjunction, the negative findings and suggest that
there may be no dramatic volumetric or CT abnormalities in
ARMS.},
Doi = {10.1093/schbul/sbv012},
Key = {fds300279}
}
@article{fds270237,
Author = {Murty, VP and Shermohammed, M and Smith, DV and Carter, RM and Huettel,
SA and Adcock, RA},
Title = {Resting state networks distinguish human ventral tegmental
area from substantia nigra.},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {100},
Pages = {580-589},
Year = {2014},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1053-8119},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.06.047},
Abstract = {Dopaminergic networks modulate neural processing across a
spectrum of function from perception to learning to action.
Multiple organizational schemes based on anatomy and
function have been proposed for dopaminergic nuclei in the
midbrain. One schema originating in rodent models delineated
ventral tegmental area (VTA), implicated in complex
behaviors like addiction, from more lateral substantia nigra
(SN), preferentially implicated in movement. However,
because anatomy and function in rodent midbrain differs from
the primate midbrain in important ways, the utility of this
distinction for human neuroscience has been questioned. We
asked whether functional definition of networks within the
human dopaminergic midbrain would recapitulate this
traditional anatomical topology. We first developed a method
for reliably defining SN and VTA in humans at conventional
MRI resolution. Hand-drawn VTA and SN regions-of-interest
(ROIs) were constructed for 50 participants, using
individually-localized anatomical landmarks and signal
intensity. Individual segmentation was used in seed-based
functional connectivity analysis of resting-state functional
MRI data; results of this analysis recapitulated traditional
anatomical targets of the VTA versus SN. Next, we
constructed a probabilistic atlas of the VTA, SN, and the
dopaminergic midbrain region (comprised of SN plus VTA) from
individual hand-drawn ROIs. The combined probabilistic (SN
plus VTA) ROI was then used for connectivity-based
dual-regression analysis in two independent resting-state
datasets (n = 69 and n = 79). Results of the
connectivity-based, dual-regression functional segmentation
recapitulated results of the anatomical segmentation,
validating the utility of this probabilistic atlas for
future research.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.06.047},
Key = {fds270237}
}
@article{fds270252,
Author = {Murty, VP and Adcock, RA},
Title = {Enriched encoding: reward motivation organizes cortical
networks for hippocampal detection of unexpected
events.},
Journal = {Cereb Cortex},
Volume = {24},
Number = {8},
Pages = {2160-2168},
Year = {2014},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23529005},
Abstract = {Learning how to obtain rewards requires learning about their
contexts and likely causes. How do long-term memory
mechanisms balance the need to represent potential
determinants of reward outcomes with the computational
burden of an over-inclusive memory? One solution would be to
enhance memory for salient events that occur during reward
anticipation, because all such events are potential
determinants of reward. We tested whether reward motivation
enhances encoding of salient events like expectancy
violations. During functional magnetic resonance imaging,
participants performed a reaction-time task in which
goal-irrelevant expectancy violations were encountered
during states of high- or low-reward motivation. Motivation
amplified hippocampal activation to and declarative memory
for expectancy violations. Connectivity of the ventral
tegmental area (VTA) with medial prefrontal, ventrolateral
prefrontal, and visual cortices preceded and predicted this
increase in hippocampal sensitivity. These findings
elucidate a novel mechanism whereby reward motivation can
enhance hippocampus-dependent memory: anticipatory
VTA-cortical-hippocampal interactions. Further, the findings
integrate literatures on dopaminergic neuromodulation of
prefrontal function and hippocampus-dependent memory. We
conclude that during reward motivation, VTA modulation
induces distributed neural changes that amplify hippocampal
signals and records of expectancy violations to improve
predictions-a potentially unique contribution of the
hippocampus to reward learning.},
Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bht063},
Key = {fds270252}
}
@article{fds270241,
Author = {Kollins, SH and Adcock, RA},
Title = {ADHD, altered dopamine neurotransmission, and disrupted
reinforcement processes: implications for smoking and
nicotine dependence.},
Journal = {Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry},
Volume = {52},
Pages = {70-78},
Year = {2014},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0278-5846},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.02.002},
Abstract = {Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common
and impairing disorder affecting millions of children,
adolescents, and adults. Individuals with ADHD smoke
cigarettes at rates significantly higher than their
non-diagnosed peers and the disorder also confers risk for a
number of related adverse smoking outcomes including earlier
age of initiation, faster progression to regular use,
heavier smoking/greater dependence, and more difficulty
quitting. Progress in our understanding of dopamine
neurotransmission and basic behavioral reinforcement
processes in ADHD may help increase our understanding of the
ADHD-smoking comorbidity. This review will examine how these
areas have been studied and how further work may aid in the
development of better prevention and treatment for smoking
in those with ADHD.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.02.002},
Key = {fds270241}
}
@article{fds270238,
Author = {Dandash, O and Fornito, A and Lee, J and Keefe, RSE and Chee, MWL and Adcock, RA and Pantelis, C and Wood, SJ and Harrison,
BJ},
Title = {Altered striatal functional connectivity in subjects with an
at-risk mental state for psychosis.},
Journal = {Schizophr Bull},
Volume = {40},
Number = {4},
Pages = {904-913},
Year = {2014},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0586-7614},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbt093},
Abstract = {Recent functional imaging work in individuals experiencing
an at-risk mental state (ARMS) for psychosis has implicated
dorsal striatal abnormalities in the emergence of psychotic
symptoms, contrasting with earlier findings implicating the
ventral striatum. Our aims here were to characterize
putative dorsal and ventral striatal circuit-level
abnormalities in ARMS individuals using resting-state
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and to
investigate their relationship to positive psychotic
symptoms. Resting-state fMRI was acquired in 74 ARMS
subjects and 35 matched healthy controls. An established
method for mapping ventral and dorsal striatal functional
connectivity was used to examine corticostriatal functional
integrity. Positive psychotic symptoms were assessed using
the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental State and the
Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Compared with healthy
controls, ARMS subjects showed reductions in functional
connectivity between the dorsal caudate and right
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left rostral medial
prefrontal cortex, and thalamus, and between the dorsal
putamen and left thalamic and lenticular nuclei. ARMS
subjects also showed increased functional connectivity
between the ventral putamen and the insula, frontal
operculum, and superior temporal gyrus bilaterally. No
differences in ventral striatal (ie, nucleus accumbens)
functional connectivity were found. Altered functional
connectivity in corticostriatal circuits were significantly
correlated with positive psychotic symptoms. Together, these
results suggest that risk for psychosis is mediated by a
complex interplay of alterations in both dorsal and ventral
corticostriatal systems.},
Doi = {10.1093/schbul/sbt093},
Key = {fds270238}
}
@article{fds270239,
Author = {Braver, TS and Krug, MK and Chiew, KS and Kool, W and Westbrook, JA and Clement, NJ and Adcock, RA and Barch, DM and Botvinick, MM and Carver,
CS and Cools, R and Custers, R and Dickinson, A and Dweck, CS and Fishbach,
A and Gollwitzer, PM and Hess, TM and Isaacowitz, DM and Mather, M and Murayama, K and Pessoa, L and Samanez-Larkin, GR and Somerville, LH and MOMCAI group},
Title = {Mechanisms of motivation-cognition interaction: challenges
and opportunities.},
Journal = {Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci},
Volume = {14},
Number = {2},
Pages = {443-472},
Year = {2014},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1530-7026},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13415-014-0300-0},
Abstract = {Recent years have seen a rejuvenation of interest in studies
of motivation-cognition interactions arising from many
different areas of psychology and neuroscience. The present
issue of Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience
provides a sampling of some of the latest research from a
number of these different areas. In this introductory
article, we provide an overview of the current state of the
field, in terms of key research developments and candidate
neural mechanisms receiving focused investigation as
potential sources of motivation-cognition interaction.
However, our primary goal is conceptual: to highlight the
distinct perspectives taken by different research areas, in
terms of how motivation is defined, the relevant dimensions
and dissociations that are emphasized, and the theoretical
questions being targeted. Together, these distinctions
present both challenges and opportunities for efforts aiming
toward a more unified and cross-disciplinary approach. We
identify a set of pressing research questions calling for
this sort of cross-disciplinary approach, with the explicit
goal of encouraging integrative and collaborative
investigations directed toward them.},
Doi = {10.3758/s13415-014-0300-0},
Key = {fds270239}
}
@article{fds270249,
Author = {Clark, K and Cain, MS and Adcock, RA and Mitroff,
SR},
Title = {Context matters: the structure of task goals affects
accuracy in multiple-target visual search.},
Journal = {Appl Ergon},
Volume = {45},
Number = {3},
Pages = {528-533},
Year = {2014},
Month = {May},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23957930},
Abstract = {Career visual searchers such as radiologists and airport
security screeners strive to conduct accurate visual
searches, but despite extensive training, errors still
occur. A key difference between searches in radiology and
airport security is the structure of the search task:
Radiologists typically scan a certain number of medical
images (fixed objective), and airport security screeners
typically search X-rays for a specified time period (fixed
duration). Might these structural differences affect
accuracy? We compared performance on a search task
administered either under constraints that approximated
radiology or airport security. Some displays contained more
than one target because the presence of multiple targets is
an established source of errors for career searchers, and
accuracy for additional targets tends to be especially
sensitive to contextual conditions. Results indicate that
participants searching within the fixed objective framework
produced more multiple-target search errors; thus, adopting
a fixed duration framework could improve accuracy for career
searchers.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.apergo.2013.07.008},
Key = {fds270249}
}
@article{fds343628,
Author = {Adcock, RA and MacInnes, J and Murty, V and Ballard, I and Chong, SA and Subramaniam, M and Keefe, R and MacDuffie, K and Poh, J and Dorairaj, K and Thong, J and Bong, Y},
Title = {DORSOLATERAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX DRIVES MESOLIMBIC
DOPAMINERGIC REGIONS DURING MOTIVATED BEHAVIOR: INSIGHTS
FROM DYNAMIC CAUSAL MODELING AND FMRI IN AT-RISK
ADOLESCENTS},
Journal = {Schizophrenia Research},
Volume = {153},
Pages = {S38-S38},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2014},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(14)70127-6},
Doi = {10.1016/s0920-9964(14)70127-6},
Key = {fds343628}
}
@article{fds270243,
Author = {Yaakub, SN and Dorairaj, K and Poh, JS and Asplund, CL and Krishnan, R and Lee, J and Keefe, RSE and Adcock, RA and Wood, SJ and Chee,
MWL},
Title = {Preserved working memory and altered brain activation in
persons at risk for psychosis.},
Journal = {Am J Psychiatry},
Volume = {170},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1297-1307},
Year = {2013},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0002-953X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000326724300012&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Patients with schizophrenia exhibit impairments
in working memory that often appear in attenuated form in
persons at high risk for the illness. The authors
hypothesized that deviations in task-related brain
activation and deactivation would occur in persons with an
at-risk mental state performing a working memory task that
entailed the maintenance and manipulation of letters.
METHOD: Participants at ultra high risk for developing
psychosis (N=60), identified using the Comprehensive
Assessment of At-Risk Mental States, and healthy comparison
subjects (N=38) 14 to 29 years of age underwent functional
MRI while performing a verbal working memory task. Group
differences in brain activation were identified using
analysis of covariance. RESULTS: The two groups did not show
significant differences in speed or accuracy of performance,
even after accounting for differences in education.
Irrespective of task condition, at-risk participants
exhibited significantly less activation than healthy
comparison subjects in the left anterior insula. During
letter manipulation, at-risk persons exhibited greater
task-related deactivation within the default-mode network
than comparison subjects. Region-of-interest analysis in the
at-risk group revealed significantly greater right
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation during
manipulation of letters. CONCLUSIONS: Despite comparable
behavioral performance, at-risk participants performing a
verbal working memory task exhibited altered brain
activation compared with healthy subjects. These findings
demonstrate an altered pattern of brain activation in
at-risk persons that contains elements of reduced function
as well as compensation.},
Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12081135},
Key = {fds270243}
}
@article{fds270250,
Author = {Libertus, K and Gibson, J and Hidayatallah, NZ and Hirtle, J and Adcock,
RA and Needham, A},
Title = {Size matters: how age and reaching experiences shape
infants' preferences for different sized
objects.},
Journal = {Infant Behav Dev},
Volume = {36},
Number = {2},
Pages = {189-198},
Year = {2013},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0163-6383},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2013.01.006},
Abstract = {Looking and reaching preferences for different-sized objects
were examined in 4-5- and 5-6-month-old infants. Infants
were presented with pairs of different sized cylinders and
preferences were analyzed by age and reaching status.
Outcome variables included looking and touching time for
each object, first look, and first touch. Significant
three-way interactions with age and reaching status were
found for both infants' looking and touching duration.
Four-5- and 5-6-month-olds with less reaching experience
spent more time visually and manually exploring larger
objects. In contrast, 5-6-month-olds with more reaching
experience spent more time looking at and touching smaller
objects, despite a first look and first touch preference for
the largest object. Initially, looking and reaching
preferences seem to be driven by mechanisms responding to
general visual salience independent of an object's potential
for manual action. Once reaching skills emerge, infants
begin to use visual information to selectively choose
smaller, more graspable objects as exploration
targets.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.infbeh.2013.01.006},
Key = {fds270250}
}
@article{fds270251,
Author = {Murty, VP and Ballard, IC and Macduffie, KE and Krebs, RM and Adcock,
RA},
Title = {Hippocampal networks habituate as novelty
accumulates.},
Journal = {Learn Mem},
Volume = {20},
Number = {4},
Pages = {229-235},
Year = {2013},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23512939},
Abstract = {Novelty detection, a critical computation within the medial
temporal lobe (MTL) memory system, necessarily depends on
prior experience. The current study used functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans to investigate dynamic
changes in MTL activation and functional connectivity as
experience with novelty accumulates. fMRI data were
collected during a target detection task: Participants
monitored a series of trial-unique novel and familiar scene
images to detect a repeating target scene. Even though novel
images themselves did not repeat, we found that fMRI
activations in the hippocampus and surrounding cortical MTL
showed a specific, decrementing response with accumulating
exposure to novelty. The significant linear decrement
occurred for the novel but not the familiar images, and
behavioral measures ruled out a corresponding decline in
vigilance. Additionally, early in the series, the
hippocampus was inversely coupled with the dorsal striatum,
lateral and medial prefrontal cortex, and posterior visual
processing regions; this inverse coupling also habituated as
novelty accumulated. This novel demonstration of a dynamic
adjustment in neural responses to novelty suggests a
similarly dynamic allocation of neural resources based on
recent experience.},
Doi = {10.1101/lm.029728.112},
Key = {fds270251}
}
@article{fds300282,
Author = {Sumner, E and Duffy, K and Adcock, RA},
Title = {DOPAMINERGIC MODULATION OF REWARD-MOTIVATED
MEMORY},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE},
Pages = {227-228},
Publisher = {MIT PRESS},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000317030501259&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds300282}
}
@article{fds300281,
Author = {Murty, V and LaBar, K and Adcock, RA},
Title = {THE ACTIVE AVOIDANCE OF THREAT ENHANCES NEURAL SENSITIVITY
TO EXPECTANCY VIOLATION.},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE},
Pages = {183-183},
Publisher = {MIT PRESS},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000317030501048&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds300281}
}
@article{fds300280,
Author = {Clement, N and Adcock, RA},
Title = {MOVE FASTER TO LEARN BETTER: EXPLORATION SPEED IMPACTS
LEARNING ABOUT OBJECTS AND THEIR LOCATIONS},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE},
Pages = {79-80},
Publisher = {MIT PRESS},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000317030500272&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds300280}
}
@article{fds270268,
Author = {Murty, VP and Labar, KS and Adcock, RA},
Title = {Threat of punishment motivates memory encoding via amygdala,
not midbrain, interactions with the medial temporal
lobe.},
Journal = {J Neurosci},
Volume = {32},
Number = {26},
Pages = {8969-8976},
Year = {2012},
Month = {June},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22745496},
Abstract = {Neural circuits associated with motivated declarative
encoding and active threat avoidance have both been
described, but the relative contribution of these systems to
punishment-motivated encoding remains unknown. The current
study used functional magnetic resonance imaging in humans
to examine mechanisms of declarative memory enhancement when
subjects were motivated to avoid punishments that were
contingent on forgetting. A motivational cue on each trial
informed participants whether they would be punished or not
for forgetting an upcoming scene image. Items associated
with the threat of shock were better recognized 24 h later.
Punishment-motivated enhancements in subsequent memory were
associated with anticipatory activation of right amygdala
and increases in its functional connectivity with
parahippocampal and orbitofrontal cortices. On a
trial-by-trial basis, right amygdala activation during the
motivational cue predicted hippocampal activation during
encoding of the subsequent scene; across participants, the
strength of this interaction predicted memory advantages due
to motivation. Of note, punishment-motivated learning was
not associated with activation of dopaminergic midbrain, as
would be predicted by valence-independent models of
motivation to learn. These data are consistent with the view
that motivation by punishment activates the amygdala, which
in turn prepares the medial temporal lobe for memory
formation. The findings further suggest a brain system for
declarative learning motivated by punishment that is
distinct from that for learning motivated by
reward.},
Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0094-12.2012},
Key = {fds270268}
}
@article{fds300283,
Author = {Johnson, EB and Wilson, J and Poh, J and Yaakub, S and Dorairaj, K and Rapisarda, A and Chee, M and Chong, SA and Subramaniam, M and Keefe, R and Kraus, M and Thong, J and Bong, YL and Adcock, RA},
Title = {Midbrain Modulation of Hippocampus Dependent Learning in
Singaporeans at Ultra High Risk for the Development of
Schizophrenia},
Journal = {BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY},
Volume = {71},
Number = {8},
Pages = {254S-254S},
Publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC},
Year = {2012},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0006-3223},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000302466001118&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds300283}
}
@article{fds270266,
Author = {Ballard, IC and Murty, VP and Carter, RM and MacInnes, JJ and Huettel,
SA and Adcock, RA},
Title = {Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex drives mesolimbic
dopaminergic regions to initiate motivated
behavior.},
Journal = {J Neurosci},
Volume = {31},
Number = {28},
Pages = {10340-10346},
Year = {2011},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21753011},
Abstract = {How does the brain translate information signaling potential
rewards into motivation to get them? Motivation to obtain
reward is thought to depend on the midbrain [particularly
the ventral tegmental area (VTA)], the nucleus accumbens
(NAcc), and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), but
it is not clear how the interactions among these regions
relate to reward-motivated behavior. To study the influence
of motivation on these reward-responsive regions and on
their interactions, we used dynamic causal modeling to
analyze functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data
from humans performing a simple task designed to isolate
reward anticipation. The use of fMRI permitted the
simultaneous measurement of multiple brain regions while
human participants anticipated and prepared for
opportunities to obtain reward, thus allowing
characterization of how information about reward changes
physiology underlying motivational drive. Furthermore, we
modeled the impact of external reward cues on causal
relationships within this network, thus elaborating a link
between physiology, connectivity, and motivation.
Specifically, our results indicated that dlPFC was the
exclusive entry point of information about reward in this
network, and that anticipated reward availability caused VTA
activation only via its effect on the dlPFC. Anticipated
reward thus increased dlPFC activation directly, whereas it
influenced VTA and NAcc only indirectly, by enhancing
intrinsically weak or inactive pathways from the dlPFC. Our
findings of a directional prefrontal influence on
dopaminergic regions during reward anticipation suggest a
model in which the dlPFC integrates and transmits
representations of reward to the mesolimbic and mesocortical
dopamine systems, thereby initiating motivated
behavior.},
Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0895-11.2011},
Key = {fds270266}
}
@article{fds270265,
Author = {Whitford, TJ and Mathalon, DH and Shenton, ME and Roach, BJ and Bammer,
R and Adcock, RA and Bouix, S and Kubicki, M and De Siebenthal and J and Rausch, AC and Schneiderman, JS and Ford, JM},
Title = {Electrophysiological and diffusion tensor imaging evidence
of delayed corollary discharges in patients with
schizophrenia.},
Journal = {Psychol Med},
Volume = {41},
Number = {5},
Pages = {959-969},
Year = {2011},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0033-2917},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291710001376},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Patients with schizophrenia (SZ)
characteristically exhibit supranormal levels of cortical
activity to self-induced sensory stimuli, ostensibly because
of abnormalities in the neural signals (corollary
discharges, CDs) normatively involved in suppressing the
sensory consequences of self-generated actions. The nature
of these abnormalities is unknown. This study investigated
whether SZ patients experience CDs that are abnormally
delayed in their arrival at the sensory cortex. METHOD:
Twenty-one patients with SZ and 25 matched control
participants underwent electroencephalography (EEG).
Participants' level of cortical suppression was calculated
as the amplitude of the N1 component evoked by a button
press-elicited auditory stimulus, subtracted from the N1
amplitude evoked by the same stimulus presented passively.
In the three experimental conditions, the auditory stimulus
was delivered 0, 50 or 100 ms subsequent to the
button-press. Fifteen SZ patients and 17 healthy controls
(HCs) also underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and the
fractional anisotropy (FA) of participants' arcuate
fasciculus was used to predict their level of cortical
suppression in the three conditions. RESULTS: While the SZ
patients exhibited subnormal N1 suppression to undelayed,
self-generated auditory stimuli, these deficits were
eliminated by imposing a 50-ms, but not a 100-ms, delay
between the button-press and the evoked stimulus.
Furthermore, the extent to which the 50-ms delay normalized
a patient's level of N1 suppression was linearly related to
the FA of their arcuate fasciculus. CONCLUSIONS: These data
suggest that SZ patients experience temporally delayed CDs
to self-generated auditory stimuli, putatively because of
structural damage to the white-matter (WM) fasciculus
connecting the sites of discharge initiation and
destination.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0033291710001376},
Key = {fds270265}
}
@article{fds300284,
Author = {Murty, VP and Chong, SA and Subramaniam, M and Keefe, R and Kraus, M and Poh, J and Dorairaj, K and Thong, J and Bong, YL and Adcock,
RA},
Title = {Amygdala Reactivity in Singaporeans at Ultra High Risk for
the Development of Schizophrenia},
Journal = {BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY},
Volume = {69},
Number = {9},
Pages = {235S-235S},
Publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC},
Year = {2011},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0006-3223},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000290641800747&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds300284}
}
@article{fds270264,
Author = {Murty, VP and Ritchey, M and Adcock, RA and LaBar,
KS},
Title = {Reprint of: fMRI studies of successful emotional memory
encoding: a quantitative meta-analysis.},
Journal = {Neuropsychologia},
Volume = {49},
Number = {4},
Pages = {695-705},
Year = {2011},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21414466},
Abstract = {Over the past decade, fMRI techniques have been increasingly
used to interrogate the neural correlates of successful
emotional memory encoding. These investigations have
typically aimed to either characterize the contributions of
the amygdala and medial temporal lobe (MTL) memory system,
replicating results in animals, or delineate the neural
correlates of specific behavioral phenomena. It has remained
difficult, however, to synthesize these findings into a
systems neuroscience account of how networks across the
whole-brain support the enhancing effects of emotion on
memory encoding. To this end, the present study employed a
meta-analytic approach using activation likelihood estimates
to assess the anatomical specificity and reliability of
event-related fMRI activations related to successful memory
encoding for emotional versus neutral information. The
meta-analysis revealed consistent clusters within bilateral
amygdala, anterior hippocampus, anterior and posterior
parahippocampal gyrus, the ventral visual stream, left
lateral prefrontal cortex and right ventral parietal cortex.
The results within the amygdala and MTL support a wealth of
findings from the animal literature linking these regions to
arousal-mediated memory effects. The consistency of findings
in cortical targets, including the visual, prefrontal, and
parietal cortices, underscores the importance of generating
hypotheses regarding their participation in emotional memory
formation. In particular, we propose that the amygdala
interacts with these structures to promote enhancements in
perceptual processing, semantic elaboration, and attention,
which serve to benefit subsequent memory for emotional
material. These findings may motivate future research on
emotional modulation of widespread neural systems and the
implications of this modulation for cognition.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.02.031},
Key = {fds270264}
}
@article{fds270267,
Author = {Murty, VP and LaBar, KS and Hamilton, DA and Adcock,
RA},
Title = {Is all motivation good for learning? Dissociable influences
of approach and avoidance motivation in declarative
memory.},
Journal = {Learn Mem},
Volume = {18},
Number = {11},
Pages = {712-717},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22021253},
Abstract = {The present study investigated the effects of approach
versus avoidance motivation on declarative learning. Human
participants navigated a virtual reality version of the
Morris water task, a classic spatial memory paradigm,
adapted to permit the experimental manipulation of
motivation during learning. During this task, participants
were instructed to navigate to correct platforms while
avoiding incorrect platforms. To manipulate motivational
states participants were either rewarded for navigating to
correct locations (approach) or punished for navigating to
incorrect platforms (avoidance). Participants' skin
conductance levels (SCLs) were recorded during navigation to
investigate the role of physiological arousal in motivated
learning. Behavioral results revealed that, overall,
approach motivation enhanced and avoidance motivation
impaired memory performance compared to nonmotivated spatial
learning. This advantage was evident across several
performance indices, including accuracy, learning rate, path
length, and proximity to platform locations during probe
trials. SCL analysis revealed three key findings. First,
within subjects, arousal interacted with approach
motivation, such that high arousal on a given trial was
associated with performance deficits. In addition, across
subjects, high arousal negated or reversed the benefits of
approach motivation. Finally, low-performing, highly aroused
participants showed SCL responses similar to those of
avoidance-motivation participants, suggesting that for these
individuals, opportunities for reward may evoke states of
learning similar to those typically evoked by threats of
punishment. These results provide a novel characterization
of how approach and avoidance motivation influence
declarative memory and indicate a critical and selective
role for arousal in determining how reinforcement influences
goal-oriented learning.},
Doi = {10.1101/lm.023549.111},
Key = {fds270267}
}
@article{fds270262,
Author = {Shohamy, D and Adcock, RA},
Title = {Dopamine and adaptive memory.},
Journal = {Trends Cogn Sci},
Volume = {14},
Number = {10},
Pages = {464-472},
Year = {2010},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1364-6613},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2010.08.002},
Abstract = {Memory is essential to adaptive behavior because it allows
past experience to guide choices. Emerging findings indicate
that the neurotransmitter dopamine, which signals
motivationally important events, also modulates the
hippocampus, a crucial brain system for long-term memory.
Here we review recent evidence that highlights multiple
mechanisms whereby dopamine biases memory towards events
that are of motivational significance. These effects take
place over a variety of timescales, permitting both
expectations and outcomes to influence memory. Thus,
dopamine ensures that memories are relevant and accessible
for future adaptive behavior, a concept we refer to as
'adaptive memory'. Understanding adaptive memory at
biological and psychological levels helps to resolve a
fundamental challenge in memory research: explaining what is
remembered, and why.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2010.08.002},
Key = {fds270262}
}
@article{fds270263,
Author = {Murty, VP and Ritchey, M and Adcock, RA and LaBar,
KS},
Title = {fMRI studies of successful emotional memory encoding: A
quantitative meta-analysis.},
Journal = {Neuropsychologia},
Volume = {48},
Number = {12},
Pages = {3459-3469},
Year = {2010},
Month = {October},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20688087},
Abstract = {Over the past decade, fMRI techniques have been increasingly
used to interrogate the neural correlates of successful
emotional memory encoding. These investigations have
typically aimed to either characterize the contributions of
the amygdala and medial temporal lobe (MTL) memory system,
replicating results in animals, or delineate the neural
correlates of specific behavioral phenomena. It has remained
difficult, however, to synthesize these findings into a
systems neuroscience account of how networks across the
whole-brain support the enhancing effects of emotion on
memory encoding. To this end, the present study employed a
meta-analytic approach using activation likelihood estimates
to assess the anatomical specificity and reliability of
event-related fMRI activations related to successful memory
encoding for emotional versus neutral information. The
meta-analysis revealed consistent clusters within bilateral
amygdala, anterior hippocampus, anterior and posterior
parahippocampal gyrus, the ventral visual stream, left
lateral prefrontal cortex and right ventral parietal cortex.
The results within the amygdala and MTL support a wealth of
findings from the animal literature linking these regions to
arousal-mediated memory effects. The consistency of findings
in cortical targets, including the visual, prefrontal, and
parietal cortices, underscores the importance of generating
hypotheses regarding their participation in emotional memory
formation. In particular, we propose that the amygdala
interacts with these structures to promote enhancements in
perceptual processing, semantic elaboration, and attention,
which serve to benefit subsequent memory for emotional
material. These findings may motivate future research on
emotional modulation of widespread neural systems and the
implications of this modulation for cognition.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.07.030},
Key = {fds270263}
}
@article{fds300285,
Author = {Johnson, EB and Adcock, RA},
Title = {Generalized Enhancement of Episodic Memory by Prior Reward
Experience},
Journal = {BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY},
Volume = {67},
Number = {9},
Pages = {85S-85S},
Publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC},
Year = {2010},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0006-3223},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000277064200272&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds300285}
}
@article{fds270261,
Author = {Han, S and Huettel, SA and Raposo, A and Adcock, RA and Dobbins,
IG},
Title = {Functional significance of striatal responses during
episodic decisions: recovery or goal attainment?},
Journal = {J Neurosci},
Volume = {30},
Number = {13},
Pages = {4767-4775},
Year = {2010},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20357127},
Abstract = {Memory retrieval is typically a goal-directed behavior, and
as such, potentially influenced by reinforcement and
motivation processes. Although striatal activation is often
evident during memory retrieval, its functional significance
remains unclear because typical memory paradigms do not
control the motivational significance of memory decisions.
We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI) to investigate striatal activation during recognition
with and without performance-linked monetary incentives.
During initial performance in the absence of incentives,
dorsal striatal activation for "Old" memory conclusions
nonetheless exceeded that for "New" conclusions regardless
of the accuracy of these conclusions. In contrast,
subsequent scans paired incentives with either "Old" or
"New" conclusions and demonstrated greater activation for
whichever judgment was potentially rewarded, both with and
without performance feedback. The data demonstrate that
striatal activation during recognition judgments does not
signal monetary reward receipt, cognitive feedback, or
successful episodic retrieval. Instead, it is heavily
dependent upon satisfaction of the subjective goals of the
observer.},
Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3077-09.2010},
Key = {fds270261}
}
@article{fds270260,
Author = {Dale, CL and Findlay, AM and Adcock, RA and Vertinski, M and Fisher, M and Genevsky, A and Aldebot, S and Subramaniam, K and Luks, TL and Simpson,
GV and Nagarajan, SS and Vinogradov, S},
Title = {Timing is everything: neural response dynamics during
syllable processing and its relation to higher-order
cognition in schizophrenia and healthy comparison
subjects.},
Journal = {Int J Psychophysiol},
Volume = {75},
Number = {2},
Pages = {183-193},
Year = {2010},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0167-8760},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2009.10.009},
Abstract = {Successful linguistic processing requires efficient encoding
of successively-occurring auditory input in a
time-constrained manner, especially under noisy conditions.
In this study we examined the early neural response dynamics
to rapidly-presented successive syllables in schizophrenia
participants and healthy comparison subjects, and
investigated the effects of noise on these responses. We
used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to reveal the time-course
of stimulus-locked activity over bilateral auditory cortices
during discrimination of syllable pairs that differed either
in voice onset time (VOT) or place of articulation (POA), in
the presence or absence of noise. We also examined the
association of these early neural response patterns to
higher-order cognitive functions. The M100 response, arising
from auditory cortex and its immediate environs, showed less
attenuation to the second syllable in patients with
schizophrenia than healthy comparison subjects during
VOT-based discrimination in noise. M100 response amplitudes
were similar between groups for the first syllable during
all three discrimination conditions, and for the second
syllable during VOT-based discrimination in quiet and
POA-based discrimination in noise. Across subjects, the lack
of M100 attenuation to the second syllable during VOT-based
discrimination in noise was associated with poorer task
accuracy, lower education and IQ, and lower scores on
measures of Verbal Learning and Memory and Global Cognition.
Because the neural response to the first syllable was not
significantly different between groups, nor was a
schizophrenia-related difference obtained in all
discrimination tasks, early linguistic processing
dysfunction in schizophrenia does not appear to be due to
general sensory input problems. Rather, data suggest that
faulty temporal integration occurs during successive
syllable processing when the signal-to-noise ratio is low.
Further, the neural mechanism by which the second syllable
is suppressed during noise-challenged VOT discrimination
appears to be important for higher-order cognition and
provides a promising target for neuroscience-guided
cognitive training approaches to schizophrenia.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2009.10.009},
Key = {fds270260}
}
@article{fds270259,
Author = {Adcock, RA and Dale, C and Fisher, M and Aldebot, S and Genevsky, A and Simpson, GV and Nagarajan, S and Vinogradov, S},
Title = {When top-down meets bottom-up: auditory training enhances
verbal memory in schizophrenia.},
Journal = {Schizophr Bull},
Volume = {35},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1132-1141},
Year = {2009},
Month = {November},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19745022},
Abstract = {A critical research priority for our field is to develop
treatments that enhance cognitive functioning in
schizophrenia and thereby attenuate the functional losses
associated with the illness. In this article, we describe
such a treatment method that is grounded in emerging
research on the widespread sensory processing impairments of
schizophrenia, as described elsewhere in this special issue.
We first present the rationale for this treatment approach,
which consists of cognitive training exercises that make use
of principles derived from the past 2 decades of basic
science research in learning-induced neuroplasticity; these
exercises explicitly target not only the higher order or
"top-down" processes of cognition but also the content
building blocks of accurate and efficient sensory
representations to simultaneously achieve "bottom-up"
remediation. We then summarize our experience to date and
briefly review our behavioral and serum biomarker findings
from a randomized controlled trial of this method in
outpatients with long-term symptoms of schizophrenia.
Finally, we present promising early psychophysiological
evidence that supports the hypothesis that this cognitive
training method induces changes in aspects of impaired
bottom-up sensory processing in schizophrenia. We conclude
with the observation that neuroplasticity-based cognitive
training brings patients closer to physiological patterns
seen in healthy participants, suggesting that it changes the
brain in an adaptive manner in schizophrenia.},
Doi = {10.1093/schbul/sbp068},
Key = {fds270259}
}
@article{fds270253,
Author = {Carter, RM and Macinnes, JJ and Huettel, SA and Adcock,
RA},
Title = {Activation in the VTA and nucleus accumbens increases in
anticipation of both gains and losses.},
Journal = {Front Behav Neurosci},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {21},
Year = {2009},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19753142},
Abstract = {To represent value for learning and decision making, the
brain must encode information about both the motivational
relevance and affective valence of anticipated outcomes. The
nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA)
are thought to play key roles in representing these and
other aspects of valuation. Here, we manipulated the valence
(i.e., monetary gain or loss) and personal relevance (i.e.,
self-directed or charity-directed) of anticipated outcomes
within a variant of the monetary incentive delay task. We
scanned young-adult participants using functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI), utilizing imaging parameters
targeted for the NAcc and VTA. For both self-directed and
charity-directed trials, activation in the NAcc and VTA
increased to anticipated gains, as predicted by prior work,
but also increased to anticipated losses. Moreover, the
magnitude of responses in both regions was positively
correlated for gains and losses, across participants, while
an independent reward-sensitivity covariate predicted the
relative difference between and gain- and loss-related
activation on self-directed trials. These results are
inconsistent with the interpretation that these regions
reflect anticipation of only positive-valence events.
Instead, they indicate that anticipatory activation in
reward-related regions largely reflects the motivational
relevance of an upcoming event.},
Doi = {10.3389/neuro.08.021.2009},
Key = {fds270253}
}
@article{fds270256,
Author = {Adcock, RA and Thangavel, A and Whitfield-Gabrieli, S and Knutson, B and Gabrieli, JDE},
Title = {Reward-motivated learning: mesolimbic activation precedes
memory formation.},
Journal = {Neuron},
Volume = {50},
Number = {3},
Pages = {507-517},
Year = {2006},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0896-6273},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2006.03.036},
Abstract = {We examined anticipatory mechanisms of reward-motivated
memory formation using event-related FMRI. In a monetary
incentive encoding task, cues signaled high- or low-value
reward for memorizing an upcoming scene. When tested 24 hr
postscan, subjects were significantly more likely to
remember scenes that followed cues for high-value rather
than low-value reward. A monetary incentive delay task
independently localized regions responsive to reward
anticipation. In the encoding task, high-reward cues
preceding remembered but not forgotten scenes activated the
ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, and hippocampus.
Across subjects, greater activation in these regions
predicted superior memory performance. Within subject,
increased correlation between the hippocampus and ventral
tegmental area was associated with enhanced long-term memory
for the subsequent scene. These findings demonstrate that
brain activation preceding stimulus encoding can predict
declarative memory formation. The findings are consistent
with the hypothesis that reward motivation promotes memory
formation via dopamine release in the hippocampus prior to
learning.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2006.03.036},
Key = {fds270256}
}
@article{fds270257,
Author = {Knutson, B and Adcock, RA},
Title = {Remembrance of rewards past.},
Journal = {Neuron},
Volume = {45},
Number = {3},
Pages = {331-332},
Year = {2005},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0896-6273},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2005.01.020},
Abstract = {Using event-related fMRI, Wittmann and colleagues report in
this issue of Neuron that reward value enhances cue memory
and that this process is associated with midbrain modulation
of hippocampal consolidation. We propose that their findings
introduce a novel mechanism by which positive arousal
induced by reward anticipation may promote
memory.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2005.01.020},
Key = {fds270257}
}
@article{fds270258,
Author = {Adcock, RA and Constable, RT and Gore, JC and Goldman-Rakic,
PS},
Title = {Functional neuroanatomy of executive processes involved in
dual-task performance.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {97},
Number = {7},
Pages = {3567-3572},
Year = {2000},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.7.3567},
Abstract = {The subjective experience of allocating one's attentional
resources among competing tasks is nearly universal, and
most current models of cognition include a mechanism that
performs this allocation; examples include the central
executive system and the supervisory attentional system.
Yet, the exact form that an executive system might take and
even its necessity for cognition are controversial.
Dual-task paradigms have commonly been used to investigate
executive function. The few neuroimaging studies of these
paradigms have yielded contradictory findings. Using
functional MRI, we imaged brain function during two
dual-task paradigms, each with a common auditory component
task (NOUN task) but varying with respect to a visual
component task (SPACE or FACE tasks). In each of the two
dual-task paradigms, the results showed that the activated
areas varied with the component tasks, that all of the areas
activated during dual task performance were also activated
during the component tasks, and that surplus activation
within activated areas during DUAL conditions was
parsimoniously accounted for by the addition of the second
task. These findings suggest that executive processes may be
mediated by interactions between anatomically and
functionally distinct systems engaged in performance of
component tasks, as opposed to an area or areas dedicated to
a generic executive system.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.97.7.3567},
Key = {fds270258}
}
@article{fds362021,
Author = {Vinogradov, S and Fischer, A and DeVivo, K and Poole, JH and Merzenich,
M and Wexler, BE},
Title = {A pilot test of intensive computer-based cognitive training
in schizophrenia},
Journal = {BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY},
Volume = {47},
Number = {8},
Pages = {23S-23S},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds362021}
}
@article{fds362022,
Author = {Vinogradov, S and Adcock, RA and Fischer, A and Poole,
JH},
Title = {Neurocognitive findings in schizophrenic subjects with above
average IQ},
Journal = {BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY},
Volume = {47},
Number = {8},
Pages = {23S-23S},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds362022}
}
@article{fds270255,
Author = {Lane, JD and Adcock, RA and Burnett, RE},
Title = {Respiratory sinus arrhythmia and cardiovascular responses to
stress.},
Journal = {Psychophysiology},
Volume = {29},
Number = {4},
Pages = {461-470},
Year = {1992},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0048-5772},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1410177},
Abstract = {The parasympathetic nervous system provides mechanisms that
could attenuate sympathetically mediated heart rate stress
responses and might have even more general antagonistic
actions on stress reactivity. Individuals characterized by
higher levels of parasympathetic tone might, through such
mechanisms, be less reactive when stimuli elicit
sympathetically mediated responses. Respiratory sinus
arrhythmia (RSA) is considered to be a noninvasive index of
cardiac parasympathetic (vagal) tone. The present study
investigated whether individual differences in RSA level at
rest could predict variations among individuals in the
magnitude of cardiovascular responses to psychological
stress. None of the measures of resting respiratory sinus
arrhythmia, derived from spectral analysis of beat-to-beat
changes in resting heart rate, predicted the observed
variations in cardiovascular task reactivity. However,
scores reflecting respiratory sinus arrhythmia as the
percentage of total heart rate variability (RSAnorm) were
negatively correlated with blood pressure levels, both at
rest and during the task. Furthermore, subjects with higher
scores for RSAnorm demonstrated a faster adaptation of heart
rate responses during stress, which suggests the development
of parasympathetic antagonism to ongoing sympathetic
arousal. Although a simple relationship between respiratory
sinus arrhythmia and reactivity was not observed, these
results encourage further investigation of RSA measures as
psychophysiological indices of individual differences in
parasympathetic (vagal) cardiac tone, or perhaps of general
parasympathetic/sympathetic balance, which could modulate
the expression of potentially pathogenic stress
responses.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8986.1992.tb01720.x},
Key = {fds270255}
}
@article{fds270254,
Author = {Lane, JD and Adcock, RA and Williams, RB and Kuhn,
CM},
Title = {Caffeine effects on cardiovascular and neuroendocrine
responses to acute psychosocial stress and their
relationship to level of habitual caffeine
consumption.},
Journal = {Psychosom Med},
Volume = {52},
Number = {3},
Pages = {320-336},
Year = {1990},
ISSN = {0033-3174},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2195579},
Abstract = {The effects of a moderate dose of caffeine on cardiovascular
and neuroendocrine stress reactivity were examined in 25
healthy male subjects selected as habitual or light
consumers of caffeine. Measurements were taken under resting
conditions before and after administration of caffeine (3.5
mg/kg) or placebo, during a stressful laboratory task, and
in a post-stress recovery period. Caffeine elevated blood
pressure and plasma norepinephrine levels at rest, effects
which added significantly to the effects of stress. Caffeine
potentiated stress-related increases in plasma epinephrine
and cortisol stress, more than doubling the responses
observed in the control condition. These effects were
present in both habitual and light consumers and level of
habitual caffeine consumption did not affect their
magnitude. Results indicate that caffeine can potentiate
both cardiovascular and neuroendocrine stress reactivity and
that the habitual use of caffeine is not necessarily
associated with the development of tolerance to these
effects.},
Doi = {10.1097/00006842-199005000-00006},
Key = {fds270254}
}
%% Chapters in Books
@misc{fds362020,
Author = {Chiew, KS and Adcock, RA},
Title = {Motivated memory: Integrating cognitive and affective
neuroscience},
Pages = {517-546},
Booktitle = {The Cambridge Handbook of Motivation and
Learning},
Year = {2019},
Month = {February},
ISBN = {9781107177932},
Abstract = {A growing body of literature indicates that motivation can
critically shape long-term memory formation in the service
of adaptive behavior. In the present chapter, we review
recent cognitive neuroscience evidence of motivational
influences on memory, with a focus on anatomical pathways by
which neuromodulatory networks support encoding-related
activity in distinct subregions of the medial temporal lobe.
We argue that engagement of distinct neural circuits as a
function of motivational context at encoding leads to
formation of different memory representations, supporting
different patterns of adaptive behavior. We present a novel
neurocognitive model, the Interrogative/Imperative model of
information-seeking, to account for pursuit of learning
goals. Interrogative or imperative modes of
information-seeking are often, but not necessarily,
associated with approach or avoidance motivation,
respectively. We also discuss additional influences on
motivated memory encoding, including intrinsic motivation,
curiosity, choice, and cognitive control processes. Taken
together, this body of research suggests that the nature of
memory representations depends on an individual's
neurophysiological response to, rather than extrinsic
qualities of, a given motivational manipulation or context
at the time of encoding. Finally, we discuss potential
applications of these research findings to real-life
educational settings and directions for future
research.},
Key = {fds362020}
}
@misc{fds341289,
Author = {Murty, VP and Adcock, RA},
Title = {Distinct medial temporal lobe network states as neural
contexts for motivated memory formation},
Pages = {467-501},
Booktitle = {The Hippocampus from Cells to Systems: Structure,
Connectivity, and Functional Contributions to Memory and
Flexible Cognition},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9783319504056},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50406-3_15},
Abstract = {In this chapter we examine how motivation creates a neural
context for learning by dynamically engaging medial temporal
lobe (MTL) systems. We review findings demonstrating that
distinct modulatory networks, centered on the ventral
tegmental area (VTA) and amygdala, are coherently recruited
during specific motivational states and shunt encoding to
hippocampal versus cortical MTL systems during learning. We
posit that these shifts in encoding substrate serve to
tailor both the content and form of memory representations,
and speculate that these different representations support
current and future adaptive behavior.},
Doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-50406-3_15},
Key = {fds341289}
}
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