Psychology and Neuroscience
Arts & Sciences
Duke University
| |
Faculty Database Psychology and Neuroscience Arts & Sciences Duke University |
|
| HOME > Arts & Sciences > pn > Faculty | Search Help Login |
|
| Publications of Michael D. De Bellis :chronological alphabetical combined listing:
%% Journal Articles
@article{fds354552,
Author = {Zhao, Q and Sullivan, EV and Honnorat, N and Adeli, E and Podhajsky, S and De Bellis, MD and Voyvodic, J and Nooner, KB and Baker, FC and Colrain,
IM and Tapert, SF and Brown, SA and Thompson, WK and Nagel, BJ and Clark,
DB and Pfefferbaum, A and Pohl, KM},
Title = {Association of Heavy Drinking With Deviant Fiber Tract
Development in Frontal Brain Systems in Adolescents.},
Journal = {Jama Psychiatry},
Volume = {78},
Number = {4},
Pages = {407-415},
Year = {2021},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.4064},
Abstract = {Importance: Maturation of white matter fiber systems
subserves cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and motor
development during adolescence. Hazardous drinking during
this active neurodevelopmental period may alter the
trajectory of white matter microstructural development,
potentially increasing risk for developing alcohol-related
dysfunction and alcohol use disorder in adulthood.
Objective: To identify disrupted adolescent microstructural
brain development linked to drinking onset and to assess
whether the disruption is more pronounced in younger rather
than older adolescents. Design, Setting, and Participants:
This case-control study, conducted from January 13, 2013, to
January 15, 2019, consisted of an analysis of 451
participants from the National Consortium on Alcohol and
Neurodevelopment in Adolescence cohort. Participants were
aged 12 to 21 years at baseline and had at least 2 usable
magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans and
up to 5 examination visits spanning 4 years. Participants
with a youth-adjusted Cahalan score of 0 were labeled as
no-to-low drinkers; those with a score of greater than 1 for
at least 2 consecutive visits were labeled as heavy
drinkers. Exploratory analysis was conducted between
no-to-low and heavy drinkers. A between-group analysis was
conducted between age- and sex-matched youths, and a
within-participant analysis was performed before and after
drinking. Exposures: Self-reported alcohol consumption in
the past year summarized by categorical drinking levels.
Main Outcomes and Measures: Diffusion tensor imaging
measurement of fractional anisotropy (FA) in the whole brain
and fiber systems quantifying the developmental change of
each participant as a slope. Results: Analysis of
whole-brain FA of 451 adolescents included 291 (64.5%)
no-to-low drinkers and 160 (35.5%) heavy drinkers who
indicated the potential for a deleterious association of
alcohol with microstructural development. Among the
no-to-low drinkers, 142 (48.4%) were boys with mean (SD) age
of 16.5 (2.2) years and 149 (51.2%) were girls with mean
(SD) age of 16.5 (2.1) years and 192 (66.0%) were White
participants. Among the heavy drinkers, 86 (53.8%) were boys
with mean (SD) age of 20.1 (1.5) years and 74 (46.3%) were
girls with mean (SD) age of 20.5 (2.0) years and 142 (88.8%)
were White participants. A group analysis revealed FA
reduction in heavy-drinking youth compared with age- and
sex-matched controls (t154 = -2.7, P = .008). The
slope of this reduction correlated with log of days of
drinking since the baseline visit (r156 = -0.21,
2-tailed P = .008). A within-participant analysis
contrasting developmental trajectories of youths before and
after they initiated heavy drinking supported the prediction
that drinking onset was associated with and potentially
preceded disrupted white matter integrity. Age-alcohol
interactions (t152 = 3.0, P = .004) observed for the
FA slopes indicated that the alcohol-associated disruption
was greater in younger than older adolescents and was most
pronounced in the genu and body of the corpus callosum,
regions known to continue developing throughout adolescence.
Conclusions and Relevance: This case-control study of
adolescents found a deleterious association of alcohol use
with white matter microstructural integrity. These findings
support the concept of heightened vulnerability to
environmental agents, including alcohol, associated with
attenuated development of major white matter tracts in early
adolescence.},
Doi = {10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.4064},
Key = {fds354552}
}
@article{fds355635,
Author = {Phillips, RD and De Bellis, MD and Brumback, T and Clausen, AN and Clarke-Rubright, EK and Haswell, CC and Morey,
RA},
Title = {Volumetric trajectories of hippocampal subfields and
amygdala nuclei influenced by adolescent alcohol use and
lifetime trauma.},
Journal = {Translational Psychiatry},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1},
Pages = {154},
Year = {2021},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01275-0},
Abstract = {Alcohol use and exposure to psychological trauma frequently
co-occur in adolescence and share many risk factors. Both
exposures have deleterious effects on the brain during this
sensitive developmental period, particularly on the
hippocampus and amygdala. However, very little is known
about the individual and interactive effects of trauma and
alcohol exposure and their specific effects on functionally
distinct substructures within the adolescent hippocampus and
amygdala. Adolescents from a large longitudinal sample
(N = 803, 2684 scans, 51% female, and 75%
White/Caucasian) ranging in age from 12 to 21 years were
interviewed about exposure to traumatic events at their
baseline evaluation. Assessments for alcohol use and
structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were completed
at baseline and repeated annually to examine
neurodevelopmental trajectories. Hippocampal and amygdala
subregions were segmented using Freesurfer v6.0 tools,
followed by volumetric analysis with generalized additive
mixed models. Longitudinal statistical models examined the
effects of cumulative lifetime trauma measured at baseline
and alcohol use measured annually on trajectories of
hippocampal and amygdala subregions, while controlling for
covariates known to impact brain development. Greater
alcohol use, quantified using the Cahalan scale and measured
annually, was associated with smaller whole hippocampus
(β = -12.0, pFDR = 0.009) and left hippocampus tail
volumes (β = -1.2, pFDR = 0.048), and larger right
CA3 head (β = 0.4, pFDR = 0.027) and left subiculum
(β = 0.7, pFDR = 0.046) volumes of the hippocampus.
In the amygdala, greater alcohol use was associated with
larger right basal nucleus volume (β = 1.3,
pFDR = 0.040). The effect of traumatic life events
measured at baseline was associated with larger right CA3
head volume (β = 1.3, pFDR = 0.041) in the
hippocampus. We observed an interaction between baseline
trauma and within-person age change where younger
adolescents with greater trauma exposure at baseline had
smaller left hippocampal subfield volumes in the subiculum
(β = 0.3, pFDR = 0.029) and molecular layer HP head
(β = 0.3, pFDR = 0.041). The interaction also
revealed that older adolescents with greater trauma exposure
at baseline had larger right amygdala nucleus volume in the
paralaminar nucleus (β = 0.1, pFDR = 0.045), yet
smaller whole amygdala volume overall (β = -3.7,
pFDR = 0.003). Lastly, we observed an interaction
between alcohol use and baseline trauma such that
adolescents who reported greater alcohol use with greater
baseline trauma showed smaller right hippocampal subfield
volumes in the CA1 head (β = -1.1, pFDR = 0.011)
and hippocampal head (β = -2.6, pFDR = 0.025), yet
larger whole hippocampus volume overall (β = 10.0,
pFDR = 0.032). Cumulative lifetime trauma measured at
baseline and alcohol use measured annually interact to
affect the volume and trajectory of hippocampal and amygdala
substructures (measured via structural MRI annually),
regions that are essential for emotion regulation and
memory. Our findings demonstrate the value of examining
these substructures and support the hypothesis that the
amygdala and hippocampus are not homogeneous brain
regions.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41398-021-01275-0},
Key = {fds355635}
}
@article{fds349934,
Author = {Zhao, Q and Sullivan, EV and Műller-Oehring, EM and Honnorat, N and Adeli, E and Podhajsky, S and Baker, FC and Colrain, IM and Prouty, D and Tapert, SF and Brown, SA and Meloy, MJ and Brumback, T and Nagel, BJ and Morales, AM and Clark, DB and Luna, B and De Bellis, MD and Voyvodic,
JT and Nooner, KB and Pfefferbaum, A and Pohl, KM},
Title = {Adolescent alcohol use disrupts functional neurodevelopment
in sensation seeking girls.},
Journal = {Addict Biol},
Volume = {26},
Number = {2},
Pages = {e12914},
Year = {2021},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/adb.12914},
Abstract = {Exogenous causes, such as alcohol use, and endogenous
factors, such as temperament and sex, can modulate
developmental trajectories of adolescent neurofunctional
maturation. We examined how these factors affect sexual
dimorphism in brain functional networks in youth drinking
below diagnostic threshold for alcohol use disorder (AUD).
Based on the 3-year, annually acquired, longitudinal
resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
data of 526 adolescents (12-21 years at baseline) from the
National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in
Adolescence (NCANDA) cohort, developmental trajectories of
23 intrinsic functional networks (IFNs) were analyzed for
(1) sexual dimorphism in 259 participants who were no-to-low
drinkers throughout this period; (2) sex-alcohol
interactions in two age- and sex-matched NCANDA subgroups (N
= 76 each), half no-to-low, and half moderate-to-heavy
drinkers; and (3) moderating effects of gender-specific
alcohol dose effects and a multifactorial impulsivity
measure on IFN connectivity in all NCANDA participants.
Results showed that sex differences in no-to-low drinkers
diminished with age in the inferior-occipital network, yet
girls had weaker within-network connectivity than boys in
six other networks. Effects of adolescent alcohol use were
more pronounced in girls than boys in three IFNs. In
particular, girls showed greater within-network connectivity
in two motor networks with more alcohol consumption, and
these effects were mediated by sensation-seeking only in
girls. Our results implied that drinking might attenuate the
naturally diminishing sexual differences by disrupting the
maturation of network efficiency more severely in girls. The
sex-alcohol-dose effect might explain why women are at
higher risk of alcohol-related health and psychosocial
consequences than men.},
Doi = {10.1111/adb.12914},
Key = {fds349934}
}
@article{fds349354,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Nooner, KB and Brumback, T and Clark, DB and Tapert,
SF and Brown, SA},
Title = {Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Predict Transition to Future
Adolescent and Young Adult Moderate to Heavy Drinking in the
NCANDA Sample.},
Journal = {Current Addiction Reports},
Volume = {7},
Number = {2},
Pages = {99-107},
Year = {2020},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40429-020-00303-1},
Abstract = {Purpose of study: Approximately two thirds of youth report
experiencing or witnessing a trauma. It is not known whether
trauma or the posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) following
trauma increases adolescent drinking risk. Recent findings:
We described trauma experienced by the National Consortium
on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA)
longitudinal sample (N=831) participants and examined
drinking over 4 years. We hypothesize that more traumatic
events and PTSS will predict transition to moderate/heavy
drinking. Summary: 658 no/low drinkers at baseline were
followed yearly for 4 years for transition to moderate/heavy
drinking using logistic regression models. Youth were
grouped by: No Trauma (n=257), Trauma (n= 348), and Trauma
with PTSS (n=53). Those with Trauma and PTSS showed
escalation to moderate/heavy drinking compared to the No
Trauma group in follow-up years 2, 3, and 4. Number of
traumatic events did not predict moderate/heavy drinking.
Interventions targeting PTSS may prevent transition to
moderate/heavy drinking.},
Doi = {10.1007/s40429-020-00303-1},
Key = {fds349354}
}
@article{fds349353,
Author = {Silveira, S and Shah, R and Nooner, KB and Nagel, BJ and Tapert, SF and de
Bellis, MD and Mishra, J},
Title = {Impact of Childhood Trauma on Executive Function in
Adolescence-Mediating Functional Brain Networks and
Prediction of High-Risk Drinking.},
Journal = {Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging},
Volume = {5},
Number = {5},
Pages = {499-509},
Year = {2020},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.01.011},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Childhood trauma is known to impart risk for
several adverse life outcomes. Yet, its impact during
adolescent development is not well understood. We aimed to
investigate the relationships among childhood trauma,
functional brain connectivity, executive dysfunction (ED),
and the development of high-risk drinking in adolescence.
METHODS: Data from the National Consortium on Alcohol and
Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (sample size = 392, 55%
female) cohort were used. This included resting-state
functional magnetic resonance imaging at baseline, childhood
trauma and ED self-reports, and detailed interviews on
alcohol and substance use collected at baseline and at 4
annual follow-ups. We used longitudinal regression analyses
to confirm the relationship between childhood trauma and ED,
identified the mediating functional brain network hubs, and
used these linkages to predict future high-risk drinking in
adolescence. RESULTS: Childhood trauma severity was
significantly related to ED in all years. At baseline,
distributed functional connectivity from hub regions in the
bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, right anterior
insula, right intraparietal sulcus, and bilateral pre- and
postcentral gyri mediated the relationship between childhood
trauma and ED. Furthermore, high-risk drinking in follow-up
years 1-4 could be predicted with high accuracy from the
trauma-affected functional brain networks that mediated ED
at baseline, together with age, childhood trauma severity,
and extent of ED. DISCUSSION: Functional brain networks,
particularly from hub regions important for cognitive and
sensorimotor control, explain the relationship between
childhood trauma and ED and are important for predicting
future high-risk drinking. These findings are relevant for
the prognosis of alcohol use disorders.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.01.011},
Key = {fds349353}
}
@article{fds346908,
Author = {Sullivan, EV and Brumback, T and Tapert, SF and Brown, SA and Baker, FC and Colrain, IM and Prouty, D and De Bellis, MD and Clark, DB and Nagel, BJ and Pohl, KM and Pfefferbaum, A},
Title = {Disturbed Cerebellar Growth Trajectories in Adolescents Who
Initiate Alcohol Drinking.},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {87},
Number = {7},
Pages = {632-644},
Year = {2020},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.08.026},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>The cerebellum is a target of
alcoholism-related brain damage in adults, yet no study has
prospectively tracked deviations from normal cerebellar
growth trajectories in adolescents before and after
initiating drinking.<h4>Methods</h4>Magnetic resonance
imaging tracked developmental volume trajectories of 10
cerebellar lobule and vermis tissue constituents in 548
no/low drinking youths age 12 to 21 years at induction into
this 5-site, NCANDA (National Consortium on Alcohol and
NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence) study. Over the 3- to
4-year longitudinal examination yielding 2043 magnetic
resonance imaging scans, 328 youths remained no/low
drinkers, whereas 220 initiated substantial drinking after
initial neuroimaging.<h4>Results</h4>Normal growth
trajectories derived from no/low drinkers indicated that
gray matter volumes of lobules V and VI, crus II, lobule
VIIB, and lobule X declined faster with age in male youths
than in female youths, whereas white matter volumes in crus
I and crus II and lobules VIIIA and VIIIB expanded faster in
female youths than in male youths; cerebrospinal fluid
volume expanded faster in most cerebellar regions of male
youths than female youths. Drinkers exhibited accelerated
gray matter decline in anterior lobules and vermis,
accelerated vermian white matter expansion, and accelerated
cerebrospinal fluid volumes expansion of anterior lobules
relative to youths who remained no/low drinkers. Analyses
including both alcohol and marijuana did not support an
independent role for marijuana in alcohol effects on
cerebellar gray matter trajectories.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Alcohol
use-related cerebellar growth trajectory differences from
normal involved anterior lobules and vermis of youths who
initiated substantial drinking. These regions are commonly
affected in alcohol-dependent adults, raising the
possibility that cerebellar structures affected by youthful
drinking may be vulnerable to age-alcohol interactions in
later adulthood.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.08.026},
Key = {fds346908}
}
@article{fds348441,
Author = {Meiers, G and Nooner, K and De Bellis, MD and Debnath, R and Tang,
A},
Title = {Alpha EEG asymmetry, childhood maltreatment, and problem
behaviors: A pilot home-based study.},
Journal = {Child Abuse Negl},
Volume = {101},
Pages = {104358},
Year = {2020},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104358},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Child maltreatment, trauma symptoms, and alpha
electroencephalography (EEG) asymmetry have been linked to
problem behaviors and alcohol use disorders. OBJECTIVE: The
goal of this pilot study was to clarify the role of alpha
EEG asymmetry in the relation of maltreatment and problem
behaviors. It was hypothesized that adolescents with more
maltreatment, trauma symptoms, and right alpha EEG asymmetry
would have more problem behaviors and alcohol use. It was
also hypothesized that alpha EEG asymmetry would moderate
the association between maltreatment/trauma symptoms and
problem behaviors. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Participants
were 52 adolescents aged 12-14 years. Resting-state alpha
EEG asymmetry was measured in this home-based study as a
potential moderator in the association of child maltreatment
and trauma symptoms to problem behaviors including alcohol
use. RESULTS: Child maltreatment reports and trauma symptoms
were significantly associated with problem behaviors (β =
0.259, p = 0.037 and β = 0.594, p < 0.001,
respectively). Trauma symptoms were associated with
alcohol-use (Incidence Rate Ratio = 1.048,
p = 0.032). Right alpha EEG asymmetry moderated the
positive association of trauma symptoms and problem
behaviors (β = -0.383, p = 0.024). However, this was
not the case for left alpha EEG asymmetry. CONCLUSIONS:
Neural correlates associated with individuals'
affective-behavioral profiles may play a role in the
susceptibility for problem behaviors among adolescents
exposed to higher levels of childhood trauma. This could be
useful in developing targeted assessments and interventions
to prevent or treat these problems in adolescents.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104358},
Key = {fds348441}
}
@article{fds350571,
Author = {Nooner, KB and De Bellis, MD and Clark, DB and Thompson, WK and Brumback, T},
Title = {Longitudinal Impact of Life Events on Adolescent Binge
Drinking in the National Consortium on Alcohol and
Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA).},
Journal = {Subst Use Misuse},
Volume = {55},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1846-1855},
Year = {2020},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2020.1768549},
Abstract = {Background: Life events experienced during adolescence are
associated with risk and resilience to heavy episodic
drinking (HED; i.e. binge drinking). The current study
builds on prior research using latent class analysis (LCA)
to examine heterogeneity in patterns of adolescent life
events at baseline to HED over the course of three years (4
timepoints) as part of the National Consortium on Alcohol
and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA). Methods: Life
event classes were modeled using LCA that characterized
NCANDA participants based upon their responses to the Life
Events Questionnaire (N = 467, age: M = 14.98,
SD = 1.69, 49.7% female). These baseline latent life
event classes were then compared to HED at baseline and
years 1, 2 and 3 using multinomial logistic regression.
Results: At baseline, the LCA characterized four classes of
adolescents based on endorsement of life events:
negative-relational conflict (n = 65, 13.9%),
negative-financial problems (n = 49, 10.5%), low life
events (n = 130, 27.8%), and positive life events
(n = 223, 47.8%). Life event trajectories differed for
the negative life event classes compared to the other two
classes, with greater odds of HED in the negative-financial
problems class at year 1. Conclusion: The four latent
classes derived from the life events of NCANDA youth yielded
a characterization of adolescents that could aid in
understanding HED over the subsequent three years,
suggesting that everyday life events may inform adolescent
binge drinking.},
Doi = {10.1080/10826084.2020.1768549},
Key = {fds350571}
}
@article{fds342433,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Morey, RA and Nooner, KB and Woolley, DP and Haswell,
CC and Hooper, SR},
Title = {A Pilot Study of Neurocognitive Function and Brain
Structures in Adolescents With Alcohol Use Disorders: Does
Maltreatment History Matter?},
Journal = {Child Maltreat},
Volume = {24},
Number = {4},
Pages = {374-388},
Year = {2019},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559518810525},
Abstract = {Neurocognitive and brain structural differences are
associated with adolescent onset alcohol use disorders
(AUDs). Maltreatment histories may contribute to current
results. To examine these issues, healthy adolescents (n =
31), adolescents without maltreatment and AUD (AUD - MAL, n
= 28), and adolescents with AUDs with maltreatment (AUD +
MAL, n = 17) underwent comprehensive neurocognitive
assessments and MRI structural scans. Controls performed
significantly better than the two AUD groups in math and
language. The AUD + MAL group performed significantly lower
in sustained attention compared to the AUD - MAL and control
groups and lower in reading compared to controls. The AUD +
MAL group had larger left pars triangularis, a region of the
inferior frontal gyrus, compared to the AUD-MAL and control
groups, and smaller anterior corpus callosum volumes versus
the AUD - MAL group. There were no group differences in
other prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and
parahippocampal volumes. The AUD + MAL group showed an
inverse correlation between hippocampal volumes and age. AUD
variables were associated with lower performance in
fine-motor and executive function. Cannabis use variables
were associated with lower performance in fine-motor,
language, visual-spatial, memory, and executive function.
Parahippocampal volumes positively correlated with
abstinence. The preliminary results suggest adolescent AUD
studies should consider examinations of maltreatment
history, comorbid substance use disorders, and recovery
during abstinence in their analyses.},
Doi = {10.1177/1077559518810525},
Key = {fds342433}
}
@article{fds347318,
Author = {Morales, AM and Boyd, SJ and Mackiewicz Seghete and KL and Johnson, AJ and De Bellis, MD and Nagel, BJ},
Title = {Sex Differences in the Effect of Nucleus Accumbens Volume on
Adolescent Drinking: The Mediating Role of Sensation Seeking
in the NCANDA Sample.},
Journal = {Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs},
Volume = {80},
Number = {6},
Pages = {594-601},
Year = {2019},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2019.80.594},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>In adolescence, sensation seeking is
associated with earlier onset of alcohol use, which is a
risk factor for a variety of negative consequences later in
life. Individual differences in sensation seeking are
related to brain function in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), a
brain region that undergoes considerable structural
development during adolescence. Therefore, the goal of this
study was to determine whether NAcc volume in alcohol-naive
adolescents was associated with future sensation seeking and
alcohol use and whether these associations differed by
sex.<h4>Method</h4>High-resolution magnetic resonance
imaging was used to measure NAcc volume at baseline in 514
alcohol-naive adolescents (50.2% female) from the National
Consortium on Alcohol & Neurodevelopment in Adolescence
study. Direct effects of NAcc volume on adolescent drinking
2 years after baseline, and indirect effects mediated
through sensation seeking 1 year after baseline, were
assessed.<h4>Results</h4>An indirect effect of NAcc volume
on subsequent drinking through sensation seeking was
significant for males, but not females. This effect was
driven by a positive association between NAcc volume and
sensation seeking observed in male, but not female,
participants. A direct effect of NAcc volume on subsequent
alcohol use was detected in females, but not males. In
females, no association between NAcc volume and sensation
seeking was detected, but NAcc volume was positively
associated with future alcohol use.<h4>Conclusions</h4>These
findings suggest that delayed structural maturation of the
NAcc may be a risk factor for alcohol use in adolescence;
however, the mechanism by which the structure of the NAcc
confers risk differs by sex.},
Doi = {10.15288/jsad.2019.80.594},
Key = {fds347318}
}
@article{fds342387,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Nooner, KB and Scheid, JM and Cohen,
JA},
Title = {Depression in Maltreated Children and Adolescents.},
Journal = {Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am},
Volume = {28},
Number = {3},
Pages = {289-302},
Year = {2019},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2019.02.002},
Abstract = {Maltreatment affects 9.1 to 17.1 of every 1000 US children
and adolescents. Maltreated youth are at high risk for
depression. Clinicians should screen young patients for
maltreatment history. Depressed maltreated youth are at high
risk for treatment resistance. Combination treatment with
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive
behavior therapy (CBT) with a trauma-informed approach
should be considered for depressed maltreated youth.
Behavioral management can be integrated with trauma-focused
CBT to treat the externalizing disorders that commonly occur
in maltreated depressed youth. If one approach is
unsuccessful, a change to another medication or type of
evidence-based psychotherapy or intervention is
indicated.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.chc.2019.02.002},
Key = {fds342387}
}
@article{fds336066,
Author = {Sun, D and Haswell, CC and Morey, RA and De Bellis,
MD},
Title = {Brain structural covariance network centrality in maltreated
youth with PTSD and in maltreated youth resilient to
PTSD.},
Journal = {Dev Psychopathol},
Volume = {31},
Number = {2},
Pages = {557-571},
Year = {2019},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579418000093},
Abstract = {Child maltreatment is a major cause of pediatric
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous studies have
not investigated potential differences in network
architecture in maltreated youth with PTSD and those
resilient to PTSD. High-resolution magnetic resonance
imaging brain scans at 3 T were completed in maltreated
youth with PTSD (n = 31), without PTSD (n = 32), and
nonmaltreated controls (n = 57). Structural covariance
network architecture was derived from between-subject
intraregional correlations in measures of cortical thickness
in 148 cortical regions (nodes). Interregional positive
partial correlations controlling for demographic variables
were assessed, and those correlations that exceeded
specified thresholds constituted connections in cortical
brain networks. Four measures of network centrality
characterized topology, and the importance of cortical
regions (nodes) within the network architecture were
calculated for each group. Permutation testing and principle
component analysis method were employed to calculate
between-group differences. Principle component analysis is a
methodological improvement to methods used in previous brain
structural covariance network studies. Differences in
centrality were observed between groups. Larger centrality
was found in maltreated youth with PTSD in the right
posterior cingulate cortex; smaller centrality was detected
in the right inferior frontal cortex compared to youth
resilient to PTSD and controls, demonstrating network
characteristics unique to pediatric maltreatment-related
PTSD. Larger centrality was detected in right frontal pole
in maltreated youth resilient to PTSD compared to youth with
PTSD and controls, demonstrating structural covariance
network differences in youth resilience to PTSD following
maltreatment. Smaller centrality was found in the left
posterior cingulate cortex and in the right inferior frontal
cortex in maltreated youth compared to controls,
demonstrating attributes of structural covariance network
topology that is unique to experiencing maltreatment. This
work is the first to identify cortical thickness-based
structural covariance network differences between maltreated
youth with and without PTSD. We demonstrated network
differences in both networks unique to maltreated youth with
PTSD and those resilient to PTSD. The networks identified
are important for the successful attainment of
age-appropriate social cognition, attention, emotional
processing, and inhibitory control. Our findings in
maltreated youth with PTSD versus those without PTSD suggest
vulnerability mechanisms for developing PTSD.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0954579418000093},
Key = {fds336066}
}
@article{fds340153,
Author = {Peterson, ET and Kwon, D and Luna, B and Larsen, B and Prouty, D and De
Bellis, MD and Voyvodic, J and Liu, C and Li, W and Pohl, KM and Sullivan,
EV and Pfefferbaum, A},
Title = {Distribution of brain iron accrual in adolescence: Evidence
from cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis.},
Journal = {Hum Brain Mapp},
Volume = {40},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1480-1495},
Year = {2019},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.24461},
Abstract = {To track iron accumulation and location in the brain across
adolescence, we repurposed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)
and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data
acquired in 513 adolescents and validated iron estimates
with quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in 104 of
these subjects. DTI and fMRI data were acquired
longitudinally over 1 year in 245 male and 268 female,
no-to-low alcohol-consuming adolescents (12-21 years at
baseline) from the National Consortium on Alcohol and
NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study. Brain region
average signal values were calculated for susceptibility to
nonheme iron deposition: pallidum, putamen, dentate nucleus,
red nucleus, and substantia nigra. To estimate nonheme iron,
the corpus callosum signal (robust to iron effects) was
divided by regional signals to generate estimated R2 (edwR2
for DTI) and R2 * (eR2 * for fMRI). Longitudinal iron
deposition was measured using the normalized signal change
across time for each subject. Validation using baseline QSM,
derived from susceptibility-weighted imaging, was performed
on 46 male and 58 female participants. Normalized iron
deposition estimates from DTI and fMRI correlated with age
in most regions; both estimates indicated less iron in boys
than girls. QSM results correlated highly with DTI and fMRI
results (adjusted R2 = 0.643 for DTI, 0.578 for fMRI).
Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses indicated an
initial rapid increase in iron, notably in the putamen and
red nucleus, that slowed with age. DTI and fMRI data can be
repurposed for identifying regional brain iron deposition in
developing adolescents as validated with high correspondence
with QSM.},
Doi = {10.1002/hbm.24461},
Key = {fds340153}
}
@article{fds331438,
Author = {Nooner, KB and Hooper, SR and De Bellis, MD},
Title = {An examination of sex differences on neurocognitive
functioning and behavior problems in maltreated
youth.},
Journal = {Psychol Trauma},
Volume = {10},
Number = {4},
Pages = {435-443},
Year = {2018},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tra0000356},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: In the developmental traumatology model, the
biological construct of sex is considered a moderator that
may negatively influence child maltreatment sequelae
including those pertaining to neurocognitive function.
METHOD: This study examined sex-differences in
neurocognitive function and behavior problems in maltreated
boys (n = 42), maltreated girls (n = 56) versus
nonmaltreated boys (n = 45) and girls (n = 59). Maltreated
boys were hypothesized to have poorer neurocognitive
functioning than maltreated girls, and nonmaltreated boys
and girls, in all neurocognitive domains, particularly
pertaining to executive function and attention. We also
examined correlations between cognitive function and parent
report of child behavior problems for maltreated and
nonmaltreated children. RESULTS: Maltreated boys performed
more poorly on measures of intelligence, attention,
language, memory, executive function, and academic
achievement in both reading and math than nonmaltreated
boys. Maltreated boys did not perform more poorly on these
cognitive measures or behavioral measures than maltreated
girls, except for one memory measure. Maltreated girls
performed more poorly on measures of intelligence, language,
memory, executive function, and academic achievement than
nonmaltreated girls. Maltreated girls with better
visual-spatial skills had more internalizing and
externalizing problems. Effect sizes for these sex
differences ranged from small to large. CONCLUSIONS: Both
maltreated boys and girls showed poorer cognitive function
than their nonmaltreated sex-matched controls. Maltreated
girls had subtle sparing of attention and short-term memory
(STM). Understanding sex differences in neurocognitive
functioning may have implications for designing large
population studies of maltreated youth. (PsycINFO Database
Record},
Doi = {10.1037/tra0000356},
Key = {fds331438}
}
@article{fds333815,
Author = {Pfefferbaum, A and Kwon, D and Brumback, T and Thompson, WK and Cummins,
K and Tapert, SF and Brown, SA and Colrain, IM and Baker, FC and Prouty, D and De Bellis, MD and Clark, DB and Nagel, BJ and Chu, W and Park, SH and Pohl,
KM and Sullivan, EV},
Title = {Altered Brain Developmental Trajectories in Adolescents
After Initiating Drinking.},
Journal = {The American Journal of Psychiatry},
Volume = {175},
Number = {4},
Pages = {370-380},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17040469},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>The authors sought evidence for altered
adolescent brain growth trajectory associated with moderate
and heavy alcohol use in a large national, multisite,
prospective study of adolescents before and after initiation
of appreciable alcohol use.<h4>Method</h4>This study
examined 483 adolescents (ages 12-21) before initiation of
drinking and 1 and 2 years later. At the 2-year assessment,
356 participants continued to meet the study's no/low
alcohol consumption entry criteria, 65 had initiated
moderate drinking, and 62 had initiated heavy drinking. MRI
was used to quantify regional cortical and white matter
volumes. Percent change per year (slopes) in adolescents who
continued to meet no/low criteria served as developmental
control trajectories against which to compare those who
initiated moderate or heavy drinking.<h4>Results</h4>In
no/low drinkers, gray matter volume declined throughout
adolescence and slowed in many regions in later adolescence.
Complementing gray matter declines, white matter regions
grew at faster rates at younger ages and slowed toward young
adulthood. Youths who initiated heavy drinking exhibited an
accelerated frontal cortical gray matter trajectory,
divergent from the norm. Although significant effects on
trajectories were not observed in moderate drinkers, their
intermediate position between no/low and heavy drinkers
suggests a dose effect. Neither marijuana co-use nor
baseline volumes contributed significantly to the alcohol
effect.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Initiation of drinking during
adolescence, with or without marijuana co-use, disordered
normal brain growth trajectories. Factors possibly
contributing to abnormal cortical volume trajectories
include peak consumption in the past year and family history
of alcoholism.},
Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17040469},
Key = {fds333815}
}
@article{fds339770,
Author = {Müller-Oehring, EM and Kwon, D and Nagel, BJ and Sullivan, EV and Chu,
W and Rohlfing, T and Prouty, D and Nichols, BN and Poline, J-B and Tapert,
SF and Brown, SA and Cummins, K and Brumback, T and Colrain, IM and Baker,
FC and De Bellis, MD and Voyvodic, JT and Clark, DB and Pfefferbaum, A and Pohl, KM},
Title = {Influences of Age, Sex, and Moderate Alcohol Drinking on the
Intrinsic Functional Architecture of Adolescent
Brains.},
Journal = {Cerebral Cortex},
Volume = {28},
Number = {3},
Pages = {1049-1063},
Year = {2018},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhx014},
Abstract = {The transition from adolescent to adult cognition and
emotional control requires neurodevelopmental maturation
likely involving intrinsic functional networks (IFNs).
Normal neurodevelopment may be vulnerable to disruption from
environmental insult such as alcohol consumption commonly
initiated during adolescence. To test potential disruption
to IFN maturation, we used resting-state functional magnetic
resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in 581 no-to-low
alcohol-consuming and 117 moderate-to-high-drinking youth.
Functional seed-to-voxel connectivity analysis assessed age,
sex, and moderate alcohol drinking on default-mode,
executive-control, salience, reward, and emotion networks
and tested cognitive and motor coordination correlates of
network connectivity. Among no-to-low alcohol-consuming
adolescents, executive-control frontolimbicstriatal
connectivity was stronger in older than younger adolescents,
particularly boys, and predicted better ability in balance,
memory, and impulse control. Connectivity patterns in
moderate-to-high-drinking youth were tested mainly in late
adolescence when drinking was initiated. Implicated was the
emotion network with attenuated connectivity to default-mode
network regions. Our cross-sectional rs-fMRI findings from
this large cohort of adolescents show sexual dimorphism in
connectivity and suggest neurodevelopmental rewiring toward
stronger and spatially more distributed executive-control
networking in older than younger adolescents. Functional
network rewiring in moderate-to-high-drinking adolescents
may impede maturation of affective and self-reflection
systems and obscure maturation of complex social and
emotional behaviors.},
Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhx014},
Key = {fds339770}
}
@article{fds330475,
Author = {Sullivan, EV and Lane, B and Kwon, D and Meloy, MJ and Tapert, SF and Brown, SA and Colrain, IM and Baker, FC and De Bellis, MD and Clark, DB and Nagel, BJ and Pohl, KM and Pfefferbaum, A},
Title = {Structural brain anomalies in healthy adolescents in the
NCANDA cohort: relation to neuropsychological test
performance, sex, and ethnicity.},
Journal = {Brain Imaging and Behavior},
Volume = {11},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1302-1315},
Year = {2017},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11682-016-9634-2},
Abstract = {Structural MRI of volunteers deemed "normal" following
clinical interview provides a window into normal brain
developmental morphology but also reveals unexpected
dysmorphology, commonly known as "incidental findings."
Although unanticipated, these anatomical findings raise
questions regarding possible treatment that could even
ultimately require neurosurgical intervention, which itself
carries significant risk but may not be indicated if the
anomaly is nonprogressive or of no functional consequence.
Neuroradiological readings of 833 structural MRI from the
National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in
Adolescence (NCANDA) cohort found an 11.8 % incidence of
brain structural anomalies, represented proportionately
across the five collection sites and ethnic groups.
Anomalies included 26 mega cisterna magna, 15 subarachnoid
cysts, 12 pineal cysts, 12 white matter dysmorphologies, 5
tonsillar ectopias, 5 prominent perivascular spaces, 5 gray
matter heterotopias, 4 pituitary masses, 4 excessively large
or asymmetrical ventricles, 4 cavum septum pellucidum, 3
developmental venous anomalies, 1 exceptionally large
midsagittal vein, and single cases requiring clinical
followup: cranio-cervical junction stenosis, parietal
cortical mass, and Chiari I malformation. A case of possible
demyelinating disorder (e.g., neuromyelitis optica or
multiple sclerosis) newly emerged at the 1-year NCANDA
followup, requiring clinical referral. Comparing test
performance of the 98 anomalous cases with 619 anomaly-free
no-to-low alcohol consuming adolescents revealed
significantly lower scores on speed measures of attention
and motor functions; these differences were not attributed
to any one anomaly subgroup. Further, we devised an
automated approach for quantifying posterior fossa CSF
volumes for detection of mega cisterna magna, which
represented 26.5 % of clinically identified anomalies.
Automated quantification fit a Gaussian distribution with a
rightward skew. Using a 3SD cut-off, quantification
identified 22 of the 26 clinically-identified cases,
indicating that cases with percent of CSF in the
posterior-inferior-middle aspect of the posterior fossa
≥3SD merit further review, and support complementing
clinical readings with objective quantitative analysis.
Discovery of asymptomatic brain structural anomalies, even
when no clinical action is indicated, can be disconcerting
to the individual and responsible family members, raising a
disclosure dilemma: refrain from relating the incidental
findings to avoid unnecessary alarm or anxiety; or
alternatively, relate the neuroradiological findings as
"normal variants" to the study volunteers and family,
thereby equipping them with knowledge for the future should
they have the occasion for a brain scan following an illness
or accident that the incidental findings predated the later
event.},
Doi = {10.1007/s11682-016-9634-2},
Key = {fds330475}
}
@article{fds326501,
Author = {Hasler, BP and Franzen, PL and de Zambotti, M and Prouty, D and Brown,
SA and Tapert, SF and Pfefferbaum, A and Pohl, KM and Sullivan, EV and De
Bellis, MD and Nagel, BJ and Baker, FC and Colrain, IM and Clark,
DB},
Title = {Eveningness and Later Sleep Timing Are Associated with
Greater Risk for Alcohol and Marijuana Use in Adolescence:
Initial Findings from the National Consortium on Alcohol and
Neurodevelopment in Adolescence Study.},
Journal = {Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research},
Volume = {41},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1154-1165},
Year = {2017},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acer.13401},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Abundant cross-sectional evidence links
eveningness (a preference for later sleep-wake timing) and
increased alcohol and drug use among adolescents and young
adults. However, longitudinal studies are needed to examine
whether eveningness is a risk factor for subsequent alcohol
and drug use, particularly during adolescence, which is
marked by parallel peaks in eveningness and risk for the
onset of alcohol use disorders. This study examined whether
eveningness and other sleep characteristics were associated
with concurrent or subsequent substance involvement in a
longitudinal study of adolescents.<h4>Methods</h4>Participants
were 729 adolescents (368 females; age 12 to 21 years) in
the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in
Adolescence study. Associations between the sleep variables
(circadian preference, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness,
sleep timing, and sleep duration) and 3 categorical
substance variables (at-risk alcohol use, alcohol bingeing,
and past-year marijuana use [y/n]) were examined using
ordinal and logistic regression with baseline age, sex,
race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and psychiatric
problems as covariates.<h4>Results</h4>At baseline, greater
eveningness was associated with greater at-risk alcohol use,
greater bingeing, and past-year use of marijuana. Later
weekday and weekend bedtimes, but not weekday or weekend
sleep duration, showed similar associations across the 3
substance outcomes at baseline. Greater baseline eveningness
was also prospectively associated with greater bingeing and
past-year use of marijuana at the 1-year follow-up, after
covarying for baseline bingeing and marijuana use. Later
baseline weekday and weekend bedtimes, and shorter baseline
weekday sleep duration, were similarly associated with
greater bingeing and past-year use of marijuana at the
1-year follow-up after covarying for baseline
values.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Findings suggest that eveningness
and sleep timing may be under recognized risk factors and
future areas of intervention for adolescent involvement in
alcohol and marijuana that should be considered along with
other previously identified sleep factors such as insomnia
and insufficient sleep.},
Doi = {10.1111/acer.13401},
Key = {fds326501}
}
@article{fds325128,
Author = {Sullivan, EV and Brumback, T and Tapert, SF and Prouty, D and Fama, R and Thompson, WK and Brown, SA and Cummins, K and Colrain, IM and Baker, FC and Clark, DB and Chung, T and De Bellis, MD and Hooper, SR and Nagel, BJ and Nichols, BN and Chu, W and Kwon, D and Pohl, KM and Pfefferbaum,
A},
Title = {Effects of prior testing lasting a full year in NCANDA
adolescents: Contributions from age, sex, socioeconomic
status, ethnicity, site, family history of alcohol or drug
abuse, and baseline performance.},
Journal = {Dev Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {24},
Pages = {72-83},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2017.01.003},
Abstract = {Longitudinal study provides a robust method for tracking
developmental trajectories. Yet inherent problems of
retesting pose challenges in distinguishing biological
developmental change from prior testing experience. We
examined factors potentially influencing change scores on 16
neuropsychological test composites over 1year in 568
adolescents in the National Consortium on Alcohol and
NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) project. The
twice-minus-once-tested method revealed that performance
gain was mainly attributable to testing experience
(practice) with little contribution from predicted
developmental effects. Group mean practice slopes for 13
composites indicated that 60% to ∼100% variance was
attributable to test experience; General Ability accuracy
showed the least practice effect (29%). Lower baseline
performance, especially in younger participants, was a
strong predictor of greater gain. Contributions from age,
sex, ethnicity, examination site, socioeconomic status, or
family history of alcohol/substance abuse were nil to small,
even where statistically significant. Recognizing that a
substantial proportion of change in longitudinal testing,
even over 1-year, is attributable to testing experience
indicates caution against assuming that performance gain
observed during periods of maturation necessarily reflects
development. Estimates of testing experience, a form of
learning, may be a relevant metric for detecting interim
influences, such as alcohol use or traumatic episodes, on
behavior.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.dcn.2017.01.003},
Key = {fds325128}
}
@article{fds330476,
Author = {Stave, EA and De Bellis, MD and Hooper, SR and Woolley, DP and Chang,
SK and Chen, SD},
Title = {Dimensions of Attention Associated With the Microstructure
of Corona Radiata White Matter.},
Journal = {Journal of Child Neurology},
Volume = {32},
Number = {5},
Pages = {458-466},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073816685652},
Abstract = {Mirsky proposed a model of attention that included these
dimensions: focus/execute, sustain, stabilize, encode, and
shift. The neural correlates of these dimensions were
investigated within corona radiata subregions in healthy
youth. Diffusion tensor imaging and neuropsychological
assessments were conducted in 79 healthy, right-handed youth
aged 4-17 years. Diffusion tensor imaging maps were analyzed
using standardized parcellation methods. Partial Pearson
correlations between neuropsychological standardized scores,
representing these attention dimensions, and diffusion
tensor imaging measures of corona radiata subregions were
calculated after adjusting for gender and IQ. Significant
correlations were found between the focus/execute, sustain,
stabilize, and shift dimensions and imaging metrics in
hypothesized corona radiata subregions. Results suggest that
greater microstructural white matter integrity of the corona
radiata is partly associated with attention across 4
attention dimensions. Findings suggest that white matter
microstructure of the corona radiata is a neural correlate
of several, but not all, attention dimensions.},
Doi = {10.1177/0883073816685652},
Key = {fds330476}
}
@article{fds326856,
Author = {Sege, RD and Amaya-Jackson, L and AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS
Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect, Council on Foster
Care and Adoption and Kinship Care and AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD
AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY Committee on Child Maltreatment and Violence and NATIONAL CENTER FOR CHILD TRAUMATIC
STRESS},
Title = {Clinical Considerations Related to the Behavioral
Manifestations of Child Maltreatment.},
Journal = {Pediatrics},
Volume = {139},
Number = {4},
Pages = {e20170100-e20170100},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-0100},
Abstract = {Children who have suffered early abuse or neglect may later
present with significant health and behavior problems that
may persist long after the abusive or neglectful environment
has been remediated. Neurobiological research suggests that
early maltreatment may result in an altered psychological
and physiologic response to stressful stimuli, a response
that deleteriously affects the child's subsequent
development. Pediatricians can assist caregivers by helping
them recognize the abused or neglected child's emotional and
behavioral responses associated with child maltreatment and
guide them in the use of positive parenting strategies,
referring the children and families to evidence-based
therapeutic treatment and mobilizing available community
resources.},
Doi = {10.1542/peds.2017-0100},
Key = {fds326856}
}
@article{fds332915,
Author = {Tervo-Clemmens, B and Quach, A and Luna, B and Foran, W and Chung, T and De
Bellis, MD and Clark, DB},
Title = {Neural Correlates of Rewarded Response Inhibition in Youth
at Risk for Problematic Alcohol Use.},
Journal = {Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience},
Volume = {11},
Pages = {205},
Year = {2017},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00205},
Abstract = {Risk for substance use disorder (SUD) is associated with
poor response inhibition and heightened reward sensitivity.
During adolescence, incentives improve performance on
response inhibition tasks and increase recruitment of
cortical control areas (Geier et al., 2010) associated with
SUD (Chung et al., 2011). However, it is unknown whether
incentives moderate the relationship between response
inhibition and trait-level psychopathology and personality
features of substance use risk. We examined these
associations in the current project using a rewarded
antisaccade (AS) task (Geier et al., 2010) in youth at risk
for substance use. Participants were 116 adolescents and
young adults (ages 12-21) from the University of Pittsburgh
site of the National Consortium on Adolescent
Neurodevelopment and Alcohol [NCANDA] study, with
neuroimaging data collected at baseline and 1 year follow up
visits. Building upon previous work using this task in
normative developmental samples (Geier et al., 2010) and
adolescents with SUD (Chung et al., 2011), we examined both
trial-wise BOLD responses and those associated with
individual task-epochs (cue presentation, response
preparation, and response) and associated them with multiple
substance use risk factors (externalizing and internalizing
psychopathology, family history of substance use, and trait
impulsivity). Results showed that externalizing
psychopathology and high levels of trait impulsivity
(positive urgency, SUPPS-P) were associated with general
decreases in antisaccade performance. Accompanying this main
effect of poor performance, positive urgency was associated
with reduced recruitment of the frontal eye fields (FEF) and
inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in both a priori regions of
interest and at the voxelwise level. Consistent with
previous work, monetary incentive improved antisaccade
behavioral performance and was associated with increased
activation in the striatum and cortical control areas.
However, incentives did not moderate the association between
response inhibition behavioral performance and any
trait-level psychopathology and personality factor of
substance use risk. Reward interactions were observed for
BOLD responses at the task-epoch level, however, they were
inconsistent across substance use risk types. The results
from this study may suggest poor response inhibition and
heightened reward sensitivity are not overlapping
neurocognitive features of substance use risk.
Alternatively, more subtle, common longitudinal processes
might jointly explain reward sensitivity and response
inhibition deficits in substance use risk.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00205},
Key = {fds332915}
}
@article{fds332916,
Author = {Clark, DB and Chung, T and Martin, CS and Hasler, BP and Fitzgerald, DH and Luna, B and Brown, SA and Tapert, SF and Brumback, T and Cummins, K and Pfefferbaum, A and Sullivan, EV and Pohl, KM and Colrain, IM and Baker,
FC and De Bellis, MD and Nooner, KB and Nagel, BJ},
Title = {Adolescent Executive Dysfunction in Daily Life:
Relationships to Risks, Brain Structure and Substance
Use.},
Journal = {Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience},
Volume = {11},
Pages = {223},
Year = {2017},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00223},
Abstract = {During adolescence, problems reflecting cognitive,
behavioral and affective dysregulation, such as inattention
and emotional dyscontrol, have been observed to be
associated with substance use disorder (SUD) risks and
outcomes. Prior studies have typically been with small
samples, and have typically not included comprehensive
measurement of executive dysfunction domains. The
relationships of executive dysfunction in daily life with
performance based testing of cognitive skills and structural
brain characteristics, thought to be the basis for executive
functioning, have not been definitively determined. The aims
of this study were to determine the relationships between
executive dysfunction in daily life, measured by the
Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF),
cognitive skills and structural brain characteristics, and
SUD risks, including a global SUD risk indicator, sleep
quality, and risky alcohol and cannabis use. In addition to
bivariate relationships, multivariate models were tested.
The subjects (n = 817; ages 12 through 21) were participants
in the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment
in Adolescence (NCANDA) study. The results indicated that
executive dysfunction was significantly related to SUD
risks, poor sleep quality, risky alcohol use and cannabis
use, and was not significantly related to cognitive skills
or structural brain characteristics. In multivariate models,
the relationship between poor sleep quality and risky
substance use was mediated by executive dysfunction. While
these cross-sectional relationships need to be further
examined in longitudinal analyses, the results suggest that
poor sleep quality and executive dysfunction may be viable
preventive intervention targets to reduce adolescent
substance use.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00223},
Key = {fds332916}
}
@article{fds330201,
Author = {Pfefferbaum, A and Rohlfing, T and Pohl, KM and Lane, B and Chu, W and Kwon, D and Nolan Nichols and B and Brown, SA and Tapert, SF and Cummins,
K and Thompson, WK and Brumback, T and Meloy, MJ and Jernigan, TL and Dale,
A and Colrain, IM and Baker, FC and Prouty, D and De Bellis, MD and Voyvodic, JT and Clark, DB and Luna, B and Chung, T and Nagel, BJ and Sullivan, EV},
Title = {Adolescent Development of Cortical and White Matter
Structure in the NCANDA Sample: Role of Sex, Ethnicity,
Puberty, and Alcohol Drinking.},
Journal = {Cerebral Cortex},
Volume = {26},
Number = {10},
Pages = {4101-4121},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhv205},
Abstract = {Brain structural development continues throughout
adolescence, when experimentation with alcohol is often
initiated. To parse contributions from biological and
environmental factors on neurodevelopment, this study used
baseline National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment
in Adolescence (NCANDA) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
data, acquired in 674 adolescents meeting no/low alcohol or
drug use criteria and 134 adolescents exceeding criteria.
Spatial integrity of images across the 5 recruitment sites
was assured by morphological scaling using Alzheimer's
disease neuroimaging initiative phantom-derived volume
scalar metrics. Clinical MRI readings identified structural
anomalies in 11.4%. Cortical volume and thickness were
smaller and white matter volumes were larger in older than
in younger adolescents. Effects of sex (male > female) and
ethnicity (majority > minority) were significant for volume
and surface but minimal for cortical thickness. Adjusting
volume and area for supratentorial volume attenuated or
removed sex and ethnicity effects. That cortical thickness
showed age-related decline and was unrelated to
supratentorial volume is consistent with the radial unit
hypothesis, suggesting a universal neural development
characteristic robust to sex and ethnicity. Comparison of
NCANDA with PING data revealed similar but flatter,
age-related declines in cortical volumes and thickness.
Smaller, thinner frontal, and temporal cortices in the
exceeds-criteria than no/low-drinking group suggested
untoward effects of excessive alcohol consumption on brain
structural development.},
Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhv205},
Key = {fds330201}
}
@article{fds330477,
Author = {Sullivan, EV and Brumback, T and Tapert, SF and Fama, R and Prouty, D and Brown, SA and Cummins, K and Thompson, WK and Colrain, IM and Baker, FC and De Bellis, MD and Hooper, SR and Clark, DB and Chung, T and Nagel, BJ and Nichols, BN and Rohlfing, T and Chu, W and Pohl, KM and Pfefferbaum,
A},
Title = {Cognitive, emotion control, and motor performance of
adolescents in the NCANDA study: Contributions from alcohol
consumption, age, sex, ethnicity, and family history of
addiction.},
Journal = {Neuropsychology},
Volume = {30},
Number = {4},
Pages = {449-473},
Year = {2016},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/neu0000259},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate development of cognitive and motor
functions in healthy adolescents and to explore whether
hazardous drinking affects the normal developmental course
of those functions. METHOD: Participants were 831
adolescents recruited across 5 United States sites of the
National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in
Adolescence 692 met criteria for no/low alcohol exposure,
and 139 exceeded drinking thresholds. Cross-sectional,
baseline data were collected with computerized and
traditional neuropsychological tests assessing 8 functional
domains expressed as composite scores. General additive
modeling evaluated factors potentially modulating
performance (age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and
pubertal developmental stage). RESULTS: Older
no/low-drinking participants achieved better scores than
younger ones on 5 accuracy composites (general ability,
abstraction, attention, emotion, and balance). Speeded
responses for attention, motor speed, and general ability
were sensitive to age and pubertal development. The
exceeds-threshold group (accounting for age, sex, and other
demographic factors) performed significantly below the
no/low-drinking group on balance accuracy and on general
ability, attention, episodic memory, emotion, and motor
speed scores and showed evidence for faster speed at the
expense of accuracy. Delay Discounting performance was
consistent with poor impulse control in the younger no/low
drinkers and in exceeds-threshold drinkers regardless of
age. CONCLUSIONS: Higher achievement with older age and
pubertal stage in general ability, abstraction, attention,
emotion, and balance suggests continued functional
development through adolescence, possibly supported by
concurrently maturing frontal, limbic, and cerebellar brain
systems. Determination of whether low scores by the
exceeds-threshold group resulted from drinking or from other
preexisting factors requires longitudinal study. (PsycINFO
Database Record},
Doi = {10.1037/neu0000259},
Key = {fds330477}
}
@article{fds330202,
Author = {Pohl, KM and Sullivan, EV and Rohlfing, T and Chu, W and Kwon, D and Nichols, BN and Zhang, Y and Brown, SA and Tapert, SF and Cummins, K and Thompson, WK and Brumback, T and Colrain, IM and Baker, FC and Prouty,
D and De Bellis, MD and Voyvodic, JT and Clark, DB and Schirda, C and Nagel, BJ and Pfefferbaum, A},
Title = {Harmonizing DTI measurements across scanners to examine the
development of white matter microstructure in 803
adolescents of the NCANDA study.},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {130},
Pages = {194-213},
Year = {2016},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.01.061},
Abstract = {Neurodevelopment continues through adolescence, with notable
maturation of white matter tracts comprising regional fiber
systems progressing at different rates. To identify factors
that could contribute to regional differences in white
matter microstructure development, large samples of youth
spanning adolescence to young adulthood are essential to
parse these factors. Recruitment of adequate samples
generally relies on multi-site consortia but comes with the
challenge of merging data acquired on different platforms.
In the current study, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data
were acquired on GE and Siemens systems through the National
Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence
(NCANDA), a multi-site study designed to track the
trajectories of regional brain development during a time of
high risk for initiating alcohol consumption. This
cross-sectional analysis reports baseline Tract-Based
Spatial Statistic (TBSS) of regional fractional anisotropy
(FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (L1), and
radial diffusivity (LT) from the five consortium sites on
671 adolescents who met no/low alcohol or drug consumption
criteria and 132 adolescents with a history of exceeding
consumption criteria. Harmonization of DTI metrics across
manufacturers entailed the use of human-phantom data,
acquired multiple times on each of three non-NCANDA
participants at each site's MR system, to determine a
manufacturer-specific correction factor. Application of the
correction factor derived from human phantom data measured
on MR systems from different manufacturers reduced the
standard deviation of the DTI metrics for FA by almost a
half, enabling harmonization of data that would have
otherwise carried systematic error. Permutation testing
supported the hypothesis of higher FA and lower diffusivity
measures in older adolescents and indicated that, overall,
the FA, MD, and L1 of the boys were higher than those of the
girls, suggesting continued microstructural development
notable in the boys. The contribution of demographic and
clinical differences to DTI metrics was assessed with
General Additive Models (GAM) testing for age, sex, and
ethnicity differences in regional skeleton mean values. The
results supported the primary study hypothesis that FA
skeleton mean values in the no/low-drinking group were
highest at different ages. When differences in intracranial
volume were covaried, FA skeleton mean reached a maximum at
younger ages in girls than boys and varied in magnitude with
ethnicity. Our results, however, did not support the
hypothesis that youth who exceeded exposure criteria would
have lower FA or higher diffusivity measures than the
no/low-drinking group; detecting the effects of excessive
alcohol consumption during adolescence on DTI metrics may
require longitudinal study.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.01.061},
Key = {fds330202}
}
@article{fds321850,
Author = {Morey, RA and Haswell, CC and Hooper, SR and De Bellis,
MD},
Title = {Amygdala, Hippocampus, and Ventral Medial Prefrontal Cortex
Volumes Differ in Maltreated Youth with and without Chronic
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.},
Journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology},
Volume = {41},
Number = {3},
Pages = {791-801},
Year = {2016},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2015.205},
Abstract = {Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is considered a
disorder of recovery where individuals fail to learn and
retain extinction of the traumatic fear response. In
maltreated youth, PTSD is common, chronic, and associated
with comorbidity. Studies of extinction-related structural
volumes (amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex
(ACC), and ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)) and
this stress diathesis, in maltreated youth were not
previously investigated. In this cross-sectional study,
neuroanatomical volumes associated with extinction in
maltreated youth with PTSD (N=31), without PTSD (N=32), and
in non-maltreated healthy volunteers (n=57) were examined
using magnetic resonance imaging. Groups were
sociodemographically similar. Participants underwent
extensive assessments for strict inclusion/exclusion
criteria and DSM-IV disorders. Maltreated youth with PTSD
demonstrated decreased right vmPFC volumes compared with
both maltreated youth without PTSD and non-maltreated
controls. Maltreated youth without PTSD demonstrated larger
left amygdala and right hippocampal volumes compared with
maltreated youth with PTSD and non-maltreated control youth.
PTSD symptoms inversely correlated with right and left
hippocampal and left amygdala volumes. Confirmatory masked
voxel base morphometry analyses demonstrated greater medial
orbitofrontal cortex gray matter intensity in controls than
maltreated youth with PTSD. Volumetric results were not
influenced by psychopathology or maltreatment variables. We
identified volumetric differences in extinction-related
structures between maltreated youth with PTSD from those
without PTSD. Alterations of the vmPFC may be one mechanism
that mediates the pathway from PTSD to comorbidity. Further
longitudinal work is needed to determine neurobiological
factors related to chronic and persistent PTSD, and to PTSD
resilience despite maltreatment.},
Doi = {10.1038/npp.2015.205},
Key = {fds321850}
}
@article{fds321851,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Hooper, SR and Chen, SD and Provenzale, JM and Boyd,
BD and Glessner, CE and MacFall, JR and Payne, ME and Rybczynski, R and Woolley, DP},
Title = {Posterior structural brain volumes differ in maltreated
youth with and without chronic posttraumatic stress
disorder.},
Journal = {Dev Psychopathol},
Volume = {27},
Number = {4 Pt 2},
Pages = {1555-1576},
Year = {2015},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579415000942},
Abstract = {Magnetic resonance imaging studies of maltreated children
with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) suggest that
maltreatment-related PTSD is associated with adverse brain
development. Maltreated youth resilient to chronic PTSD were
not previously investigated and may elucidate
neuromechanisms of the stress diathesis that leads to
resilience to chronic PTSD. In this cross-sectional study,
anatomical volumetric and corpus callosum diffusion tensor
imaging measures were examined using magnetic resonance
imaging in maltreated youth with chronic PTSD (N = 38),
without PTSD (N = 35), and nonmaltreated participants (n =
59). Groups were sociodemographically similar. Participants
underwent assessments for strict inclusion/exclusion
criteria and psychopathology. Maltreated youth with PTSD
were psychobiologically different from maltreated youth
without PTSD and nonmaltreated controls. Maltreated youth
with PTSD had smaller posterior cerebral and cerebellar gray
matter volumes than did maltreated youth without PTSD and
nonmaltreated participants. Cerebral and cerebellar gray
matter volumes inversely correlated with PTSD symptoms.
Posterior corpus callosum microstructure in pediatric
maltreatment-related PTSD differed compared to maltreated
youth without PTSD and controls. The group differences
remained significant when controlling for psychopathology,
numbers of Axis I disorders, and trauma load. Alterations of
these posterior brain structures may result from a shared
trauma-related mechanism or an inherent vulnerability that
mediates the pathway from chronic PTSD to
comorbidity.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0954579415000942},
Key = {fds321851}
}
@article{fds322114,
Author = {Brown, SA and Brumback, T and Tomlinson, K and Cummins, K and Thompson,
WK and Nagel, BJ and De Bellis, MD and Hooper, SR and Clark, DB and Chung,
T and Hasler, BP and Colrain, IM and Baker, FC and Prouty, D and Pfefferbaum, A and Sullivan, EV and Pohl, KM and Rohlfing, T and Nichols, BN and Chu, W and Tapert, SF},
Title = {The National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in
Adolescence (NCANDA): A Multisite Study of Adolescent
Development and Substance Use.},
Journal = {Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs},
Volume = {76},
Number = {6},
Pages = {895-908},
Year = {2015},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2015.76.895},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>During adolescence, neurobiological
maturation occurs concurrently with social and interpersonal
changes, including the initiation of alcohol and other
substance use. The National Consortium on Alcohol and
NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) is designed to
disentangle the complex relationships between onset,
escalation, and desistance of alcohol use and changes in
neurocognitive functioning and neuromaturation.<h4>Method</h4>A
sample of 831 youth, ages 12-21 years, was recruited at five
sites across the United States, oversampling those at risk
for alcohol use problems. Most (83%) had limited or no
history of alcohol or other drug use, and a smaller portion
(17%) exceeded drinking thresholds. A comprehensive
assessment of biological development, family background,
psychiatric symptomatology, and neuropsychological
functioning-in addition to anatomical, diffusion, and
functional brain magnetic resonance imaging-was completed at
baseline.<h4>Results</h4>The NCANDA sample of youth is
nationally representative of sex and racial/ethnic groups.
More than 50% have at least one risk characteristic for
subsequent heavy drinking (e.g., family history,
internalizing or externalizing symptoms). As expected, those
who exceeded drinking thresholds (n = 139) differ from those
who did not (n = 692) on identified factors associated with
early alcohol use and problems.<h4>Conclusions</h4>NCANDA
successfully recruited a large sample of adolescents and
comprehensively assessed psychosocial functioning across
multiple domains. Based on the sample's risk profile, NCANDA
is well positioned to capture the transition into drinking
and alcohol problems in a large portion of the cohort, as
well as to help disentangle the associations between alcohol
use, neurobiological maturation, and neurocognitive
development and functioning.},
Doi = {10.15288/jsad.2015.76.895},
Key = {fds322114}
}
@article{fds271826,
Author = {Urger, SE and De Bellis, MD and Hooper, SR and Woolley, DP and Chen, SD and Provenzale, J},
Title = {The superior longitudinal fasciculus in typically developing
children and adolescents: diffusion tensor imaging and
neuropsychological correlates.},
Journal = {J Child Neurol},
Volume = {30},
Number = {1},
Pages = {9-20},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0883-0738},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073813520503},
Abstract = {The relationship between superior longitudinal fasciculus
microstructural integrity and neuropsychological functions
were examined in 49 healthy children (range: 5-17 years)
using diffusion tensor imaging. Seven major cognitive
domains (intelligence, fine-motor, attention, language,
visual-spatial, memory, executive function) were assessed.
Data analyses used correlational methods. After adjusting
for age and gender, fractional anisotropy and axial
diffusivity values in the superior longitudinal fasciculus
were positively correlated with executive functions of set
shifting, whereas left superior longitudinal fasciculus
fractional anisotropy values correlated with attention and
language. Apparent diffusion coefficient values in the left
superior longitudinal fasciculus negatively correlated with
inhibitory control. In the left arcuate fasciculus,
fractional anisotropy correlated with IQ and attention,
whereas radial diffusivity values negatively correlated with
IQ, fine-motor skills, and expressive language. Findings
from this study provide an examination of the relationship
between superior longitudinal fasciculus integrity and
children's neuropsychological abilities that can be useful
in monitoring pediatric neurologic diseases.},
Doi = {10.1177/0883073813520503},
Key = {fds271826}
}
@article{fds271832,
Author = {Li, W and Wu, B and Batrachenko, A and Bancroft-Wu, V and Morey, RA and Shashi, V and Langkammer, C and De Bellis, MD and Ropele, S and Song,
AW and Liu, C},
Title = {Differential developmental trajectories of magnetic
susceptibility in human brain gray and white matter over the
lifespan.},
Journal = {Hum Brain Mapp},
Volume = {35},
Number = {6},
Pages = {2698-2713},
Year = {2014},
Month = {June},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24038837},
Abstract = {As indicated by several recent studies, magnetic
susceptibility of the brain is influenced mainly by myelin
in the white matter and by iron deposits in the deep nuclei.
Myelination and iron deposition in the brain evolve both
spatially and temporally. This evolution reflects an
important characteristic of normal brain development and
ageing. In this study, we assessed the changes of regional
susceptibility in the human brain in vivo by examining the
developmental and ageing process from 1 to 83 years of age.
The evolution of magnetic susceptibility over this lifespan
was found to display differential trajectories between the
gray and the white matter. In both cortical and subcortical
white matter, an initial decrease followed by a subsequent
increase in magnetic susceptibility was observed, which
could be fitted by a Poisson curve. In the gray matter,
including the cortical gray matter and the iron-rich deep
nuclei, magnetic susceptibility displayed a monotonic
increase that can be described by an exponential growth. The
rate of change varied according to functional and anatomical
regions of the brain. For the brain nuclei, the age-related
changes of susceptibility were in good agreement with the
findings from R2* measurement. Our results suggest that
magnetic susceptibility may provide valuable information
regarding the spatial and temporal patterns of brain
myelination and iron deposition during brain maturation and
ageing.},
Doi = {10.1002/hbm.22360},
Key = {fds271832}
}
@article{fds271825,
Author = {Crozier, JC and Wang, L and Huettel, SA and De Bellis,
MD},
Title = {Neural correlates of cognitive and affective processing in
maltreated youth with posttraumatic stress symptoms: does
gender matter?},
Journal = {Dev Psychopathol},
Volume = {26},
Number = {2},
Pages = {491-513},
Year = {2014},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0954-5794},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S095457941400008X},
Abstract = {We investigated the relationship of gender to cognitive and
affective processing in maltreated youth with posttraumatic
stress disorder symptoms using functional magnetic resonance
imaging. Maltreated (N = 29, 13 females, 16 males) and
nonmaltreated participants (N = 45, 26 females, 19 males)
performed an emotional oddball task that involved detection
of targets with fear or scrambled face distractors. Results
were moderated by gender. During the executive component of
this task, left precuneus/posterior middle cingulate
hypoactivation to fear versus calm or scrambled face targets
were seen in maltreated versus control males and may
represent dysfunction and less resilience in attentional
networks. Maltreated males also showed decreased activation
in the inferior frontal gyrus compared to control males. No
differences were found in females. Posterior cingulate
activations positively correlated with posttraumatic stress
disorder symptoms. While viewing fear faces, maltreated
females exhibited decreased activity in the dorsomedial
prefrontal cortex and cerebellum I-VI, whereas maltreated
males exhibited increased activity in the left hippocampus,
fusiform cortex, right cerebellar crus I, and visual cortex
compared to their same-gender controls. Gender by
maltreatment effects were not attributable to demographic,
clinical, or maltreatment parameters. Maltreated girls and
boys exhibited distinct patterns of neural activations
during executive and affective processing, a new finding in
the maltreatment literature.},
Doi = {10.1017/S095457941400008X},
Key = {fds271825}
}
@article{fds271823,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Zisk, A},
Title = {The biological effects of childhood trauma.},
Journal = {Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North
America},
Volume = {23},
Number = {2},
Pages = {185-vii},
Year = {2014},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1056-4993},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2014.01.002},
Abstract = {Trauma in childhood is a psychosocial, medical, and public
policy problem with serious consequences for its victims and
for society. Chronic interpersonal violence in children is
common worldwide. Developmental traumatology, the systemic
investigation of the psychiatric and psychobiological
effects of chronic overwhelming stress on the developing
child, provides a framework and principles when empirically
examining the neurobiological effects of pediatric trauma.
This article focuses on peer-reviewed literature on the
neurobiological sequelae of childhood trauma in children and
in adults with histories of childhood trauma.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.chc.2014.01.002},
Key = {fds271823}
}
@article{fds271824,
Author = {Hooper, SR and Woolley, D and De Bellis, MD},
Title = {Intellectual, neurocognitive, and academic achievement in
abstinent adolescents with cannabis use disorder.},
Journal = {Psychopharmacology},
Volume = {231},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1467-1477},
Year = {2014},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0033-3158},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-014-3463-z},
Abstract = {<h4>Rationale</h4>The active component of cannabis, delta-9
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), has a long half-life and
widespread neurocognitive effects. There are inconsistent
reports of neurocognitive deficits in adults and adolescents
with cannabis use disorders (CUD), particularly after a
period of abstinence.<h4>Objectives</h4>This study aims to
examine neurocognitive measures (IQ, academic achievement,
attention, memory, executive functions) in abstinent
adolescents with CUD, while controlling for demographic,
psychopathology, and poly-substance confounders.<h4>Methods</h4>We
investigated neurocognitive performance in three groups:
adolescents with CUD after successful first treatment and in
full remission (n = 33); controls with psychiatric
disorders without substance use disorder history
(n = 37); and healthy adolescents (n = 43).<h4>Results</h4>Adolescents
with psychiatric disorders, regardless of CUD status,
performed significantly worse than the healthy adolescents
in academic achievement. No group differences were seen in
IQ, attention, memory, or executive functions. Lower
academic achievement was positively associated with younger
age of CUD onset, regular cannabis use, and maximum daily
use. In the CUD group, lifetime nicotine use episodes were
negatively associated with IQ. Lower overall neurocognitive
function was associated with younger age of onset of regular
cannabis use and relapse within the 1 year
follow-up.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Verifiably, abstinent
adolescents with CUD history did not differ from the two
comparison groups, suggesting that previously reported
neurocognitive deficits may be related to other factors,
including residual drug effects, preexisting cognitive
deficits, concurrent use of other substances (e.g.,
nicotine), or psychopathology. Adolescents with CUD may not
be vulnerable to THC neuropsychological deficits once they
achieve remission from all drugs for at least 30
days.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00213-014-3463-z},
Key = {fds271824}
}
@article{fds271834,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Wang, L and Bergman, SR and Yaxley, RH and Hooper, SR and Huettel, SA},
Title = {Neural mechanisms of risky decision-making and reward
response in adolescent onset cannabis use
disorder.},
Journal = {Drug Alcohol Depend},
Volume = {133},
Number = {1},
Pages = {134-145},
Year = {2013},
Month = {November},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23773952},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Neural mechanisms of decision-making and reward
response in adolescent cannabis use disorder (CUD) are
underexplored. METHODS: Three groups of male adolescents
were studied: CUD in full remission (n=15); controls with
psychopathology without substance use disorder history
(n=23); and healthy controls (n=18). We investigated neural
processing of decision-making and reward under conditions of
varying risk and uncertainty with the Decision-Reward
Uncertainty Task while participants were scanned using
functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Abstinent
adolescents with CUD compared to controls with
psychopathology showed hyperactivation in one cluster that
spanned left superior parietal lobule/left lateral occipital
cortex/precuneus while making risky decisions that involved
uncertainty, and hypoactivation in left orbitofrontal cortex
to rewarded outcomes compared to no-reward after making
risky decisions. Post hoc region of interest analyses
revealed that both control groups significantly differed
from the CUD group (but not from each other) during both the
decision-making and reward outcome phase of the
Decision-Reward Uncertainty Task. In the CUD group,
orbitofrontal activations to reward significantly and
negatively correlated with total number of individual drug
classes the CUD patients experimented with prior to
treatment. CUD duration significantly and negatively
correlated with orbitofrontal activations to no-reward.
CONCLUSIONS: The adolescent CUD group demonstrated
distinctly different activation patterns during risky
decision-making and reward processing (after risky
decision-making) compared to both the controls with
psychopathology and healthy control groups. These findings
suggest that neural differences in risky decision-making and
reward processes are present in adolescent addiction,
persist after remission from first CUD treatment, and may
contribute to vulnerability for adolescent
addiction.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.05.020},
Key = {fds271834}
}
@article{fds271833,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Woolley, DP and Hooper, SR},
Title = {Neuropsychological findings in pediatric maltreatment:
relationship of PTSD, dissociative symptoms, and
abuse/neglect indices to neurocognitive outcomes.},
Journal = {Child Maltreatment},
Volume = {18},
Number = {3},
Pages = {171-183},
Year = {2013},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23886642},
Abstract = {Maltreated (n = 38), maltreated + posttraumatic stress
disorder (PTSD; n = 60), and control youth (n = 104)
underwent comprehensive neuropsychological testing. The two
maltreated groups performed significantly lower on IQ,
academic achievement, and nearly all of the neurocognitive
domains than controls. Maltreated + PTSD performed
significantly worse than maltreated youth without PTSD on a
task in the visuospatial domain that assessed higher order
visuoconstructive abilities. No group differences were
evident on the fine motor domain. PTSD diagnosis duration
negatively correlated with the visuospatial, and
dissociation negatively correlated with the attention
domain. Cumulative lifetime maltreatment types experienced
negatively correlated with academic achievement. Sexual
abuse negatively correlated with language and memory
functions after controlling for other maltreatment types.
These data support the adverse effects of maltreatment on
neuropsychological functions in youth and suggest that all
child protective services identified youth should be
comprehensively examined for the integrity of their
neuropsychological functioning and academic skills,
regardless of the presence or absence of mental health
symptoms.},
Doi = {10.1177/1077559513497420},
Key = {fds271833}
}
@article{fds271829,
Author = {Urger, E and Debellis, MD and Hooper, SR and Woolley, DP and Chen, S and Provenzale, JM},
Title = {Influence of analysis technique on measurement of diffusion
tensor imaging parameters.},
Journal = {Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology},
Volume = {200},
Number = {5},
Pages = {W510-W517},
Year = {2013},
Month = {May},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23617518},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We compared results from various methods of
analysis of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from a
single dataset consisting of 10 healthy adolescents.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: All subjects were imaged on a single
3-T MRI system (single-shot echo-planar imaging pulse
sequence; b value, 1000 s/mm(2)). We measured fractional
anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and
axial and radial diffusivity values using 64-pixel
rectangular regions of interest (ROIs) in the right side,
midline, and left side of the central portion of the
splenium of the corpus callosum for fixed (i.e., at same
sites in all subjects) and targeted (i.e., at sites of
highest FA values) locations. We compared results with those
obtained using 64-pixel oval ROIs and 100-pixel rectangular
ROIs in the same locations. Finally, we compared results
from ROI-based methods and from tractography. All
comparisons used the Wilcoxon signed rank test and the
intraclass correlation of individual values. RESULTS:
Compared to tractography, the average of mean ROI-based
values was significantly higher for fixed (approximately
14%) and targeted (approximately 39%) FA values and was
significantly lower for ADC (approximately 16%) and radial
diffusivity (approximately 38%) values. For solely ROI-based
comparisons, statistically significant differences were
found in the following comparisons: 64- versus 100-pixel
ROI, oval versus rectangular ROI, targeted FA left of
midline versus mean targeted FA value, and targeted ROI
right of midline versus mean targeted FA value. CONCLUSION:
Markedly different values were obtained when using either
ROI- or tractography-based techniques or ROI analysis
techniques that differ only relatively slightly.},
Doi = {10.2214/AJR.12.9650},
Key = {fds271829}
}
@article{fds351030,
Author = {Marcus Jenkins and JV and Woolley, DP and Hooper, SR and De Bellis,
MD},
Title = {Direct and Indirect Effects of Brain Volume, Socioeconomic
Status and Family Stress on Child IQ.},
Journal = {Journal of Child and Adolescent Behavior},
Volume = {1},
Number = {2},
Year = {2013},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000107},
Abstract = {11 BACKGROUND: A large literature documents the detrimental
effects of socioeconomic disparities on intelligence and
neuropsychological development. Researchers typically
measure environmental factors such as socioeconomic status
(SES), using income, parent's occupation and education.
However, SES is more complex, and this complexity may
influence neuropsychological outcomes. 12 METHODS: This
studyused principal components analysis to reduce 14 SES and
28 family stress indicators into their core dimensions (e.g.
community and educational capital, financial resources,
marital conflict). Core dimensions were used in path
analyses to examine their relationships with parent IQ and
cerebral volume (white matter, grey matter and total brain
volume), to predict child IQ in a sample of typically
developing children. 13 RESULTS: Parent IQ affected child IQ
directly and indirectly through community and educational
capital, demonstrating how environmental factors interact
with familial factors in neuro-development. There were no
intervening effects of cerebral white matter, grey matter,
or total brain volume. 14 CONCLUSIONS: Findings may suggest
that improving community resources can foster the
intellectual development of children.},
Doi = {10.4172/2375-4494.1000107},
Key = {fds351030}
}
@article{fds271893,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Hooper, SR},
Title = {Neural substrates for processing task-irrelevant emotional
distracters in maltreated adolescents with depressive
disorders: a pilot study.},
Journal = {Journal of Traumatic Stress},
Volume = {25},
Number = {2},
Pages = {198-202},
Year = {2012},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22522735},
Abstract = {In this pilot study, neural systems related to cognitive and
emotional processing were examined using event-related
functional magnetic resonance imaging in 5 maltreated youth
with depressive disorders and 11 nonmaltreated healthy
participants. Subjects underwent an emotional oddball task,
where they detected infrequent ovals (targets) within a
continual stream of phase-scrambled images (standards). Sad
and neutral images were intermittently presented as
task-irrelevant distracters. The maltreated youth revealed
significantly decreased activation in the left middle
frontal gyrus and right precentral gyrus to target stimuli
and significantly increased activation to sad stimuli in
bilateral amygdala, left subgenual cingulate, left inferior
frontal gyrus, and right middle temporal cortex compared to
nonmaltreated subjects. Additionally, the maltreated youth
showed significantly decreased activation to both
attentional targets and sad distracters in the left
posterior middle frontal gyrus compared to nonmaltreated
subjects. In this exploratory study of dorsal control and
ventral emotional circuits, we found that maltreated youth
with distress disorders demonstrated dysfunction of neural
systems related to cognitive control and emotional
processing.},
Doi = {10.1002/jts.21682},
Key = {fds271893}
}
@article{fds271891,
Author = {Xie, Y and Chen, YA and De Bellis, MD},
Title = {The relationship of age, gender, and IQ with the brainstem
and thalamus in healthy children and adolescents: a magnetic
resonance imaging volumetric study.},
Journal = {Journal of Child Neurology},
Volume = {27},
Number = {3},
Pages = {325-331},
Year = {2012},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21954432},
Abstract = {In healthy children, there is a paucity of information on
the growth of the brainstem and thalamus measured
anatomically magnetic resonance imaging. The relations of
age, gender, and age by gender with brainstem and thalamus
volumes were analyzed from magnetic resonance brain images
of 122 healthy children and adolescents (62 males, 60
females; ages 4 to 17). Results showed that age is a
significant predictor of brainstem and thalamus volumes. The
volume of the brainstem increases with age, while thalamus
volume declines with age. The volume of the right thalamus
is significantly larger than that of the left in both
genders, with greater rightward asymmetry and greater
thalamus to grey matter ratio in females. Males have larger
brainstems, but these differences are not significant when
covarying for cerebral volume. Larger thalami were
associated with higher Verbal IQ. These normative pediatric
data are of value to researchers who study these regions in
neurodevelopmental disorders.},
Doi = {10.1177/0883073811419260},
Key = {fds271891}
}
@article{fds351031,
Author = {Spratt, EG and Friedenberg, SL and Swenson, CC and Larosa, A and De
Bellis, MD and Macias, MM and Summer, AP and Hulsey, TC and Runyan, DK and Brady, KT},
Title = {The Effects of Early Neglect on Cognitive, Language, and
Behavioral Functioning in Childhood.},
Journal = {Psychology (Irvine, Calif.)},
Volume = {3},
Number = {2},
Pages = {175-182},
Year = {2012},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2012.32026},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Few studies have explored the impact of
different types of neglect on children's development.
Measures of cognition, language, behavior, and parenting
stress were used to explore differences between children
experiencing various forms of neglect, as well as to compare
children with and without a history of early neglect.
METHODS: Children, ages 3 to 10 years with a history of
familial neglect (USN), were compared to children with a
history of institutional rearing (IA) and children without a
history of neglect using the Differential Abilities Scale,
Test of Early Language Development, Child Behavior
Checklist, and Parenting Stress Index. Factors predicting
child functioning were also explored. RESULTS: Compared with
youth that were not neglected, children with a history of
USN and IA demonstrated lower cognitive and language scores
and more behavioral problems. Both internalizing and
externalizing behavior problems were most common in the USN
group. Externalizing behavior problems predicted parenting
stress. Higher IQ could be predicted by language scores and
an absence of externalizing behavior problems. When
comparing the two neglect groups, shorter time spent in a
stable environment, lower scores on language skills, and the
presence of externalizing behavior predicted lower IQ.
CONCLUSION: These findings emphasize the importance of early
stable, permanent placement of children who have been in
neglectful and pre-adoptive international settings. While an
enriching environment may promote resilience, children who
have experienced early neglect are vulnerable to cognitive,
language and behavioral deficits and neurodevelopmental and
behavioral evaluations are required to identify those in
need of intervention.},
Doi = {10.4236/psych.2012.32026},
Key = {fds351031}
}
@article{fds271831,
Author = {Crozier, JC and Van Voorhees and EE and Hooper, SR and De Bellis,
MD},
Title = {Effects of abuse and neglect on brain development},
Pages = {516-525},
Publisher = {Elsevier},
Year = {2011},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4160-6393-3.00054-3},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-1-4160-6393-3.00054-3},
Key = {fds271831}
}
@article{fds271889,
Author = {Moon, W-J and Provenzale, JM and Sarikaya, B and Ihn, YK and Morlese, J and Chen, S and DeBellis, MD},
Title = {Diffusion-tensor imaging assessment of white matter
maturation in childhood and adolescence.},
Journal = {Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology},
Volume = {197},
Number = {3},
Pages = {704-712},
Year = {2011},
Month = {September},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21862815},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test a first
hypothesis that fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent
diffusion coefficient (ADC) values continue to change in
late childhood and adolescence and a second hypothesis that
less mature white matter (WM) regions have a higher rate of
change than WM regions that are relatively more mature.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eighty-seven healthy children (50
girls, 37 boys; mean age, 11.2 ± 3.6 years; range, 4.2-17.7
years) underwent six-direction diffusion-tensor imaging with
a 3-T MRI system. Three neuroradiologists independently drew
regions of interest in 10 WM regions and measured FA and ADC
values. To test the first hypothesis, we correlated these
values with subject age by linear regression analysis (p <
0.05). To test the second hypothesis, we determined whether
regions with lower FA and higher ADC in the 4- to 7-year old
group had a higher slope of FA increase and ADC decrease
over the entire age range. For this assessment, we used
linear regression analysis (p < 0.05) and curve fitting.
RESULTS: In the test of the first hypothesis, increases in
FA with age were noted in all WM regions and were
statistically significant in six regions. Decreases in ADC
values with age were noted in all brain regions except the
genu of the corpus callosum. In all other regions except the
splenium of the corpus callosum, the decreases were
statistically significant. In the test of the second
hypothesis, the relation between FA in the 4- to 7-year-old
subjects and the FA increase in the entire sample was best
described with a linear equation. The rate of age-related FA
increase tended to be greater with lower initial FA (r =
-0.384, p = 0.271). The relation between ADC in the 4- to
7-year-old subjects and ADC decrease in the entire
population was best described with a second-order equation.
The rate of age-related ADC decrease tended to be greater
with higher initial ADC (r = 0.846, p = 0.001). For ADC
values of 100 or less at age 4-7 years, the rate of ADC
change with age tended to be decrease as initial ADC
increased. CONCLUSION: In general, both hypotheses were
verified. Overall, FA values continue to increase and ADC
values continue to decrease during childhood and
adolescence. The most rapid changes were found in WM regions
that were least mature in the first few years of the study
period.},
Doi = {10.2214/AJR.10.6382},
Key = {fds271889}
}
@article{fds271892,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Spratt, EG and Hooper, SR},
Title = {Neurodevelopmental biology associated with childhood sexual
abuse.},
Journal = {J Child Sex Abus},
Volume = {20},
Number = {5},
Pages = {548-587},
Year = {2011},
Month = {September},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21970646},
Abstract = {Child maltreatment appears to be the single most preventable
cause of mental illness and behavioral dysfunction in the
United States. Few published studies examine the
developmental and the psychobiological consequences of
sexual abuse. There are multiple mechanisms through which
sexual abuse can cause post-traumatic stress disorder,
activate biological stress response systems, and contribute
to adverse brain development. This article will critically
review the psychiatric problems associated with maltreatment
and the emerging biologic stress system research with a
special emphasis on what is known about victimization by
sexual abuse.},
Doi = {10.1080/10538712.2011.607753},
Key = {fds271892}
}
@article{fds271890,
Author = {Holt, RL and Provenzale, JM and Veerapandiyan, A and Moon, W-J and De
Bellis, MD and Leonard, S and Gallentine, WB and Grant, GA and Egger, H and Song, AW and Mikati, MA},
Title = {Structural connectivity of the frontal lobe in children with
drug-resistant partial epilepsy.},
Journal = {Epilepsy Behav},
Volume = {21},
Number = {1},
Pages = {65-70},
Year = {2011},
Month = {May},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21497558},
Abstract = {The superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) II and cingulum
are two white matter tracts important for attention and
other frontal lobe functions. These functions are often
disturbed in children with drug-resistant (DR) partial
epilepsy, even when no abnormalities are seen on
conventional MRI. We set out to determine whether
abnormalities in these structures might be depicted on
diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies in the absence of
abnormalities on conventional MRI. We compared the DTI
findings of 12 children with DR partial epilepsy with those
of 12 age- and gender-matched controls. We found that the
SLF II fractional anisotropy (FA) values of the patients
were significantly lower than those of the controls (means:
0.398±0.057 and 0.443±0.059, respectively, P=0.002).
Similarly, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and parallel
diffusivity values for SLF II were also significantly lower
in the patients. There were no differences in the FA and ADC
values of the cingulum. Our findings are consistent with
abnormal structural connectivity of the frontal lobe in
children with DR partial epilepsy and provide a possible
explanation for the previously reported functional
abnormalities related to the SLF II in these
patients.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.yebeh.2011.03.016},
Key = {fds271890}
}
@article{fds271887,
Author = {Yaxley, RH and Van Voorhees and EE and Bergman, S and Hooper, SR and Huettel, SA and De Bellis, MD},
Title = {Behavioral risk elicits selective activation of the
executive system in adolescents: clinical
implications.},
Journal = {Frontiers in Psychiatry},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {68},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22194728},
Abstract = {We investigated adolescent brain processing of decisions
under conditions of varying risk, reward, and uncertainty.
Adolescents (n = 31) preformed a Decision-Reward
Uncertainty task that separates decision uncertainty into
behavioral and reward risk, while they were scanned using
functional magnetic resonance imaging. Behavioral risk
trials involved uncertainty about which action to perform to
earn a fixed monetary reward. In contrast, during reward
risk the decision that might lead to a reward was known, but
the likelihood of earning a reward was probabilistically
determined. Behavioral risk trials evoked greater activation
than the reward risk and no risk conditions in the anterior
cingulate, medial frontal gyrus, bilateral frontal poles,
bilateral inferior parietal lobe, precuneus, bilateral
superior-middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and
insula. Our results were similar to those of young adults
using the same task (Huettel, 2006) except that adolescents
did not show significant activation in the posterior
supramarginal gyrus during behavioral risk. During the
behavioral risk condition regardless of reward outcome,
overall mean frontal pole activity showed a positive
correlation with age during the behavioral and reward risk
conditions suggesting a developmental difference of this
region of interest. Additionally, reward response to the
Decision-Reward Uncertainty task in adolescents was similar
to that seen in young adults (Huettel, 2006). Our data did
not show a correlation between age and mean ventral striatum
activity during the three conditions. While our results came
from a healthy high functioning non-maltreated sample of
adolescents, this method can be used to address types of
risks and reward processing in children and adolescents with
predisposing vulnerabilities and add to the paucity of
imaging studies of risk and reward processing during
adolescence.},
Doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00068},
Key = {fds271887}
}
@article{fds271888,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Hooper, SR and Woolley, DP and Shenk,
CE},
Title = {Demographic, maltreatment, and neurobiological correlates of
PTSD symptoms in children and adolescents.},
Journal = {Journal of Pediatric Psychology},
Volume = {35},
Number = {5},
Pages = {570-577},
Year = {2010},
Month = {June},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20008084},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>To examine the relationships of
demographic, maltreatment, neurostructural and
neuropsychological measures with total posttraumatic stress
disorder (PTSD) symptoms.<h4>Methods</h4>Participants
included 216 children with maltreatment histories (N = 49),
maltreatment and PTSD (N = 49), or no maltreatment (N =
118). Participants received diagnostic interviews, brain
imaging, and neuropsychological evaluations.<h4>Results</h4>We
examined a hierarchical regression model comprised of
independent variables including demographics, trauma and
maltreatment-related variables, and hippocampal volumes and
neuropsychological measures to model PTSD symptoms.
Important independent contributors to this model were SES,
and General Maltreatment and Sexual Abuse Factors. Although
hippocampal volumes were not significant, Visual Memory was
a significant contributor to this model.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Similar
to adult PTSD, pediatric PTSD symptoms are associated with
lower Visual Memory performance. It is an important
correlate of PTSD beyond established predictors of PTSD
symptoms. These results support models of developmental
traumatology and suggest that treatments which enhance
visual memory may decrease symptoms of PTSD.},
Doi = {10.1093/jpepsy/jsp116},
Key = {fds271888}
}
@article{fds271818,
Author = {De Bellis, MD},
Title = {The neurobiology of child neglect},
Pages = {123-132},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511777042.015},
Abstract = {Child neglect is the most chronic and prevalent form of
child maltreatment. This chapter discusses the definitions,
preclinical studies of maternal deprivation, the field of
developmental traumatology, studies of neglected children
and future directions. Child neglect may be more detrimental
to the child's developing biological stress systems and
brain than adversity experienced in adulthood, secondary to
interactions between this lack of experience of expected
environmental stimulation and brain maturation. Multiple
neurotransmitter systems and neuroendocrine axes are
activated during stress. The study of the effects of child
neglect and childhood brain development is only in its
infancy. Longitudinal investigations are a promising
strategy to further understanding of the neurobiology of
neglect and to help to identify the best predictors for the
permanence and the therapeutic reversibility of the adverse
effects associated with child neglect.},
Doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511777042.015},
Key = {fds271818}
}
@article{fds271819,
Author = {De Bellis, MD},
Title = {Commentary},
Journal = {Formative Experiences: the Interaction of Caregiving,
Culture, and Developmental Psychobiology},
Pages = {390-397},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511711879.035},
Abstract = {Introduction The case of Joko, a Javanese boy who suffered
from repeated traumas of interpersonal origins, illustrates
the principles of developmental traumatology (De Bellis,
2001). Developmental traumatology is the systematic
investigation of the neurobiological impact of chronic
interpersonal violence on the developing child. It is a
relatively new area of study that synthesizes knowledge from
developmental psychopathology, developmental neuroscience,
and stress and trauma research. In the emerging field of
developmental traumatology, measures of trauma (type, age of
onset, and duration of trauma), as well as other mediating
factors such as social support, are regarded as independent
variables. Behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and
neurobiological measures are considered dependent variables
(De Bellis et al., 1999).Joko was interviewed while living
at a Catholic orphanage, and following a horrific experience
of being bullied, assaulted, all while witnessing the
torture and public humiliation of his older brother, Paidjo.
Joko was suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD). He had significant symptoms of PTSD cluster B
intrusions of the trauma; PTSD cluster C symptoms of
dissociation, hopelessness, depression, and numbing; and
PTSD cluster D symptoms of hyperarrousal (American
Psychiatric Association, 2000, pp. 424–432).
Neurobiological sequelae of child maltreatment may be
regarded as an environmentally induced complex developmental
disorder, which may lead to an array of outcomes through
these clusters of symptoms (De Bellis, 2001). During
adolescence, the healthy development of prefrontal cortex
leads to inhibitory pathways that quiet the brain's amygdala
and biological stress systems, complex structures that
register the emotional rage of injustice.},
Doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511711879.035},
Key = {fds271819}
}
@article{fds271886,
Author = {DE Bellis, MD and Hooper, SR and Spratt, EG and Woolley,
DP},
Title = {Neuropsychological findings in childhood neglect and their
relationships to pediatric PTSD.},
Journal = {Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society :
Jins},
Volume = {15},
Number = {6},
Pages = {868-878},
Year = {2009},
Month = {November},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19703321},
Abstract = {Although child neglect is the most prevalent form of child
maltreatment, the neurocognitive effects of neglect are
understudied. We examined IQ, reading, mathematics, and
neurocognitive domains of fine-motor skills, language,
visual-spatial, memory/learning, and attention/executive
functions in two groups of nonsexually abused medically
healthy neglected children, one with DSM-IV posttraumatic
stress disorder (PTSD) and one without, and a
demographically similar healthy nonmaltreated control group.
Significantly lower IQ, reading, mathematics, and selected
differences in complex visual attention, visual memory,
language, verbal memory and learning, planning, problem
solving, and speeded naming were seen in Neglect Groups. The
Neglect with PTSD Group performed worse than controls on
NEPSY Design Copying, NEPSY Tower, and Mathematics; and
performed worse than controls and Neglect without PTSD on
NEPSY Memory for Faces-Delayed. Negative correlations were
seen between PTSD symptoms, PTSD severity, and maltreatment
variables, and IQ, Academic Achievement, and neurocognitive
domains. Neglected children demonstrated significantly lower
neurocognitive outcomes and academic achievement than
controls. Lower IQ, neurocognitive functions, and
achievement may be associated with more PTSD symptoms
(particularly re-experiencing symptoms), greater PTSD
severity, and a greater number of maltreatment experiences.
Trauma experiences may additionally contribute to subsequent
neurodevelopmental risk in neglected children. (JINS, 2009,
15, 868-878.).},
Doi = {10.1017/s1355617709990464},
Key = {fds271886}
}
@article{fds271885,
Author = {MacMillan, HL and Georgiades, K and Duku, EK and Shea, A and Steiner, M and Niec, A and Tanaka, M and Gensey, S and Spree, S and Vella, E and Walsh,
CA and De Bellis, MD and Van der Meulen and J and Boyle, MH and Schmidt,
LA},
Title = {Cortisol response to stress in female youths exposed to
childhood maltreatment: results of the youth mood
project.},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {66},
Number = {1},
Pages = {62-68},
Year = {2009},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19217075},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Few studies have examined stress
reactivity and its relationship to major depressive disorder
(MDD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among
maltreated youth. We examined differences between maltreated
and control participants in heart rate and cortisol resting
and reactivity levels in response to a psychosocial
stressor.<h4>Methods</h4>We recruited 67 female youths aged
12 to 16 with no prior history of depression from child
protection agencies and a control group of 25 youths matched
on age and postal code. Child maltreatment was measured with
two self-report instruments. Psychiatric status was assessed
using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia
for School-Aged Children.<h4>Results</h4>Piecewise
multilevel growth curve analysis was used to model group
differences in resting and reactivity cortisol levels and
heart rate in response to the Trier Social Stress Test
(TSST). During the resting period, both the maltreated and
control groups showed a similar decline in levels of
cortisol. During the reactivity phase, youth in the control
group showed an increase in cortisol levels following the
TSST and a gradual flattening over time; maltreated youth
exhibited an attenuated response. This blunted reactivity
was not associated with current symptoms of MDD or PTSD.
There were no group differences in resting and reactivity
levels of heart rate.<h4>Conclusions</h4>These findings
provide further support for hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
axis dysregulation among maltreated youth. Since the ability
to respond to acute stressors by raising cortisol is
important for health, these findings may assist in
understanding the vulnerability of maltreated youth to
experience physical and mental health problems.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.12.014},
Key = {fds271885}
}
@article{fds271884,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Van Voorhees and E and Hooper, SR and Gibler, N and Nelson, L and Hege, SG and Payne, ME and MacFall,
J},
Title = {Diffusion tensor measures of the corpus callosum in
adolescents with adolescent onset alcohol use
disorders.},
Journal = {Alcohol Clin Exp Res},
Volume = {32},
Number = {3},
Pages = {395-404},
Year = {2008},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18241319},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: In adults, myelination injury is associated with
alcoholism. Maturation of the corpus callosum is prominent
during adolescence. We hypothesized that subjects with
adolescent-onset alcohol use disorders (AUD; defined as
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV
alcohol dependence or abuse) would have myelination
microstructural differences compared to controls. METHODS:
Adolescent subjects (25 males, 7 females) with an AUD (16.9
+/- 1.2 years), who were recruited from substance abuse
treatment programs and had co-morbid mental disorders, and
28 sociodemographically similar healthy controls (17 males,
11 females; 15.9 +/- 1.1 years) underwent a 3.0 T MRI
diffusion tensor imaging scan. RESULTS: Measures of rostral
body fractional anisotropy (FA) were higher in the AUD group
than in the control group. Compared to controls, mean
diffusivity (MD) was lower, while FA was higher, in the AUD
group in the isthmus region. Anterior corpus callosum
microstructural development differed in adolescents with
AUD, as age was positively (not negatively) associated with
rostrum MD and age was negatively (not positively)
associated with rostrum FA. There were sex by group
interactions in that control females had higher posterior
midbody FA when compared to female adolescents with AUD.
CONCLUSIONS: Lower MD and higher FA values in the AUD group
suggest pre-morbid vulnerability for accelerated prefrontal
and temporo-parietal myelin maturation that may enhance the
risk for adolescent AUD. Significant (and opposite to
developmentally expected) correlations were seen between
anterior corpus callosum MD and FA measures and age in the
AUD group, suggesting neurotoxic effects of alcohol on
adolescent corpus callosum microstructure. As seen in
adults, female adolescents with AUD may be especially
vulnerable to corpus callosum microstructural injury.
Further diffusion tensor imaging studies of corpus callosum
maturation in children at familial risk for alcoholism, and
in those with AUD, need to be done to elucidate these
mechanisms.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00603.x},
Key = {fds271884}
}
@article{fds271882,
Author = {Wang, L and Huettel, S and De Bellis, MD},
Title = {Neural substrates for processing task-irrelevant sad images
in adolescents.},
Journal = {Dev Sci},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1},
Pages = {23-32},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18171363},
Abstract = {Neural systems related to cognitive and emotional processing
were examined in adolescents using event-related functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Ten healthy adolescents
performed an emotional oddball task. Subjects detected
infrequent circles (targets) within a continual stream of
phase-scrambled images (standards). Sad and neutral images
were intermittently presented as task-irrelevant distracters
(novels). As previously shown for adults, when the
adolescents responded to the task-relevant targets,
activation increased in the dorsal attention-executive
system including the anterior middle frontal gyrus (aMFG),
dorsal anterior cingulate (ACG), posterior cingulate (PCG),
insula, and supramarginal gyrus (SMG). Unlike adults,
however, the adolescents exhibited strong activation to the
emotional distracter images not only in the ventromedial
prefrontal cortex (VmPFC), but also in the posterior middle
frontal gyrus (pMFG) and in the parietal cortex. Those
subjects who had stronger VmPFC activation to emotional
distraction also had reduced activation in the aMFG during
target detection, suggesting that emotional information may
interfere with executive processing in these adolescents. In
contrast, pMFG and PCG activation to emotional distracters
was positively correlated with aMFG activation to targets,
indicating a different role of these regions from the VmPFC.
The pattern of activation to task-irrelevant emotional
distraction suggests a possible immaturity of brain function
in cognitive control over emotional distraction in
adolescents.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00661.x},
Key = {fds271882}
}
@article{fds271883,
Author = {Thomas, LA and De Bellis, MD and Graham, R and LaBar,
KS},
Title = {Development of emotional facial recognition in late
childhood and adolescence.},
Journal = {Developmental Science},
Volume = {10},
Number = {5},
Pages = {547-558},
Year = {2007},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1363-755X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17683341},
Abstract = {The ability to interpret emotions in facial expressions is
crucial for social functioning across the lifespan. Facial
expression recognition develops rapidly during infancy and
improves with age during the preschool years. However, the
developmental trajectory from late childhood to adulthood is
less clear. We tested older children, adolescents and adults
on a two-alternative forced-choice discrimination task using
morphed faces that varied in emotional content. Actors
appeared to pose expressions that changed incrementally
along three progressions: neutral-to-fear, neutral-to-anger,
and fear-to-anger. Across all three morph types, adults
displayed more sensitivity to subtle changes in emotional
expression than children and adolescents. Fear morphs and
fear-to-anger blends showed a linear developmental
trajectory, whereas anger morphs showed a quadratic trend,
increasing sharply from adolescents to adults. The results
provide evidence for late developmental changes in emotional
expression recognition with some specificity in the time
course for distinct emotions.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00614.x},
Key = {fds271883}
}
@article{fds271881,
Author = {Watts-English, T and Fortson, BL and Gibler, N and Hooper, SR and De
Bellis, MD},
Title = {The psychobiology of maltreatment in childhood},
Journal = {Journal of Social Issues},
Volume = {62},
Number = {4},
Pages = {717-736},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2006},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0022-4537},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2006.00484.x},
Abstract = {The varied maladaptive behavioral, social, medical, and
psychiatric outcomes associated with maltreatment in
childhood have been extensively documented in the extant
empirical literature. In this review, we examine the adverse
impact of the stress associated with child maltreatment on
the regulation of the neurobiological stress systems,
alterations in brain maturation, and neuropsychological
outcomes in the developing child. Further, we provide a
detailed discussion of the pathway between the
psychobiological consequences of trauma and subsequent
cognitive, language, and academic deficits that often have a
deleterious impact on global functioning. We review
neuroimaging techniques and the empirical results of studies
utilizing such techniques to examine brain maturation in
maltreated children and individuals with posttraumatic
stress disorder. We address the practice, research, and
policy implications of the psychobiological sequelae of
child maltreatment and offer future directions for research.
© 2006 The Society for the Psychological Study of Social
Issues.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-4560.2006.00484.x},
Key = {fds271881}
}
@article{fds271880,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Kuchibhatla, M},
Title = {Cerebellar volumes in pediatric maltreatment-related
posttraumatic stress disorder.},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {60},
Number = {7},
Pages = {697-703},
Year = {2006},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0006-3223},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16934769},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The results of previous studies suggest
structural brain differences in pediatric
maltreatment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
However, posterior fossa volumes were not examined, despite
the consensus that the cerebellum is important in emotional
and cognitive development. We investigated the relationship
between structural volumes of the cerebellum hemispheres,
vermis, brainstem, and clinical variables in pediatric
maltreatment-related PTSD. METHODS: Fifty-eight
psychotropic-naïve maltreated children and adolescents with
DSM-IV PTSD were compared with two groups of pediatric
subjects who had no DSM-IV criteria A trauma histories: 1)
13 with pediatric generalized anxiety disorder, and 2) 98
healthy non-abused children and adolescents. Subjects
underwent a comprehensive psychiatric assessment and an
anatomical magnetic resonance image brain scan. RESULTS:
Unadjusted means of the left, right, and total cerebellum
were smaller in the PTSD group. The group differences
remained significant in the left cerebellum, right
cerebellum, and total cerebellum in the analyses adjusted
for cerebral volume, sociodemographic, and IQ variables.
Cerebellar volumes positively correlated with age of onset
of the trauma that lead to PTSD and negatively correlated
with the duration of the trauma that lead to PTSD.
Cerebellar volumes were larger in boys versus girls, but
there was no group x gender interaction. There were
significant positive correlations between IQ measures and
volumetric variables. CONCLUSIONS: The results support
cerebellar volume differences in maltreated children and
adolescents with PTSD. Further studies are
warranted.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.04.035},
Key = {fds271880}
}
@article{fds271879,
Author = {Tupler, LA and De Bellis, MD},
Title = {Segmented hippocampal volume in children and adolescents
with posttraumatic stress disorder.},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {59},
Number = {6},
Pages = {523-529},
Year = {2006},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0006-3223},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16199014},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although many studies of adults with
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have reported smaller
hippocampal volume compared with control subjects,
comparable studies of children and adolescents have failed
to replicate these findings or have noted opposite trends
suggesting a larger hippocampus. We therefore performed a
secondary analysis combining data from prior studies to
examine the hypothesis that hippocampus would be larger in
pediatric subjects with PTSD compared with non-maltreated
control subjects. We also hypothesized that differences in
PTSD subjects would be observed between boys and girls.
METHODS: Sixty-one subjects (31 boys, 30 girls) with
maltreatment-related PTSD and 122 control subjects matched
on age and gender underwent magnetic resonance imaging.
RESULTS: As hypothesized, we observed a significantly larger
hippocampus controlling for cerebral volume in PTSD subjects
compared with control subjects. Segmented hippocampal
white-matter volume was greater in PTSD subjects but not
gray-matter volume. Hippocampal volume was positively
related to age of trauma onset and level of psychopathology,
particularly externalizing behavior. No interactions with
group were observed for age or gender. CONCLUSIONS: Future
longitudinal studies with trauma control subjects and
neuropsychological measures are indicated to further
elucidate the relationship between hippocampus and
behavioral abnormalities in young PTSD subjects.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.08.007},
Key = {fds271879}
}
@article{fds271877,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Van Dillen and T},
Title = {Childhood post-traumatic stress disorder: an
overview.},
Journal = {Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North
America},
Volume = {14},
Number = {4},
Pages = {745-ix},
Year = {2005},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1056-4993},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16171701},
Abstract = {This article presents an overview of post-traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD) as it relates to children and adolescents.
The authors provide a critical review of the pediatric PTSD
literature regarding the definition, epidemiology, clinical
presentation, assessment, neurobiologic foundation, and
treatment of PTSD. The importance of developmental and
neurobiologic factors and the uniqueness of these factors to
children are emphasized.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.chc.2005.05.006},
Key = {fds271877}
}
@article{fds271878,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Narasimhan, A and Thatcher, DL and Keshavan, MS and Soloff, P and Clark, DB},
Title = {Prefrontal cortex, thalamus, and cerebellar volumes in
adolescents and young adults with adolescent-onset alcohol
use disorders and comorbid mental disorders.},
Journal = {Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research},
Volume = {29},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1590-1600},
Year = {2005},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0145-6008},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16205359},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>In adults, prefrontal, thalamic, and
cerebellar brain injury is associated with excessive ethanol
intake. As these brain structures are actively maturing
during adolescence, we hypothesized that subjects with
adolescent-onset alcohol use disorders, compared with
control subjects, would have smaller brain volumes in these
areas. Thus, we compared prefrontal-thalamic-cerebellar
measures of adolescents and young adults with
adolescent-onset alcohol use disorders (AUD, defined as
DSM-IV alcohol dependence or abuse) with those of
sociodemographically similar control subjects.<h4>Methods</h4>Magnetic
resonance imaging was used to measure prefrontal cortex,
thalamic, and cerebellar volumes in 14 subjects (eight
males, six females) with an AUD (mean age, 17.0+/-2.1 years)
and 28 control subjects (16 males, 12 females; 16.9+/-2.3
years). All AUD subjects were recruited from substance abuse
treatment programs and had comorbid mental
disorders.<h4>Results</h4>Subjects with alcohol use
disorders had smaller prefrontal cortex and prefrontal
cortex white matter volumes compared with control subjects.
Right, left, and total thalamic, pons/brainstem, right and
left cerebellar hemispheric, total cerebellar, and
cerebellar vermis volumes did not differ between groups.
There was a significant sex-by-group effect, indicating that
males with an adolescent-onset AUD compared with control
males had smaller cerebellar volumes, whereas the two female
groups did not differ in cerebellar volumes. Prefrontal
cortex volume variables significantly correlated with
measures of alcohol consumption.<h4>Conclusions</h4>These
findings suggest that a smaller prefrontal cortex is
associated with early-onset drinking in individuals with
comorbid mental disorders. Further studies are warranted to
examine if a smaller prefrontal cortex represents a
vulnerability to, or a consequence of, early-onset
drinking.},
Doi = {10.1097/01.alc.0000179368.87886.76},
Key = {fds271878}
}
@article{fds271876,
Author = {Gold, PW and Wong, M-L and Goldstein, DS and Gold, HK and Ronsaville,
DS and Esler, M and Alesci, S and Masood, A and Licinio, J and Geracioti,
TD and Perini, G and DeBellis, MD and Holmes, C and Vgontzas, AN and Charney, DS and Chrousos, GP and McCann, SM and Kling,
MA},
Title = {Cardiac implications of increased arterial entry and
reversible 24-h central and peripheral norepinephrine levels
in melancholia.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {102},
Number = {23},
Pages = {8303-8308},
Year = {2005},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0503069102},
Abstract = {The mortality of chronic heart failure (CHF) doubles either
when CHF patients are depressed or when their plasma
norepinephrine (NE) level exceeds those of controls by
approximately 40%. We hypothesized that patients with major
depression had centrally driven, sustained, stress-related,
and treatment-reversible increases in plasma NE capable of
increasing mortality in CHF patients with depression. We
studied 23 controls and 22 medication-free patients with
melancholic depression. In severely depressed patients
before and after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), we
measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NE, plasma NE, plasma
epinephrine (EPI), and plasma cortisol hourly for 30 h. In
mildly-to-moderately depressed melancholic patients, we
assessed basal and stress-mediated arterial NE appearance.
Severely depressed patients had significant increases in
mean around-the-clock levels of CSF NE (P < 0.02), plasma NE
(P < 0.02), plasma EPI (P < 0.02), and plasma cortisol (P <
0.02). CSF NE, plasma NE, and cortisol all rose together
throughout the night and peaked in the morning. Each fell to
control values after ECT. Mildly-to-moderately melancholic
patients also had increased basal (P < 0.05) and
stress-related (P < 0.03) arterial NE-appearance rates.
Severely melancholic depressed, medication-free patients had
around-the-clock increases in plasma NE levels capable of
increasing mortality in CHF. Twenty-four-hour indices of
central noradrenergic, adrenomedullary, and adrenocortical
secretion were also elevated. Concurrent diurnal rhythms of
these secretions could potentiate their cardiotoxicity. Even
mildly-to-moderately depressed melancholic patients had
clinically relevant increases in the arterial NE-appearance
rate. These findings will not apply to all clinical subtypes
of major depression.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0503069102},
Key = {fds271876}
}
@article{fds271875,
Author = {De Bellis, MD},
Title = {The psychobiology of neglect.},
Journal = {Child Maltreatment},
Volume = {10},
Number = {2},
Pages = {150-172},
Year = {2005},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1077-5595},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15798010},
Abstract = {Child neglect, the most prevalent form of child
maltreatment, is associated with adverse psychological and
educational outcomes. It is hypothesized that these outcomes
may be caused by adverse brain development. However, there
are very few published cross-sectional studies and no
prospective studies that examine the neurodevelopmental
consequences of neglect. In this article, the author
comprehensively outlines the issues involved in the
psychobiological research of child neglect. Pre-clinical and
clinical studies will be reviewed. Throughout the article,
suggestions for future research opportunities and novel ways
to address methodological difficulties inherent in this
field of study are offered. The results of recent
neuroimaging studies of maltreated children may provide a
basis for understanding the early effects of neglect on
childhood brain development. The author is comprehensively
examining these issues as part of the Federal Child Neglect
Consortium.},
Doi = {10.1177/1077559505275116},
Key = {fds271875}
}
@article{fds271872,
Author = {Thomas, LA and De Bellis, MD},
Title = {Pituitary volumes in pediatric maltreatment-related
posttraumatic stress disorder.},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {55},
Number = {7},
Pages = {752-758},
Year = {2004},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0006-3223},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15039005},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Previous findings suggest that
corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) is elevated in adults
with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), maltreated
children, and children with maltreatment-related PTSD.
METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure
pituitary volumes in 61 medication-naïve maltreated
subjects with PTSD (31 male and 30 female subjects) and 121
nontraumatized healthy comparison subjects (62 male and 59
female subjects). RESULTS: Overall, no differences were seen
between PTSD and control subjects in pituitary volumes.
There was a significant age-by-group effect for PTSD
subjects to have greater differences in pituitary volume
with age than control subjects. Post hoc analyses revealed
that pituitary volumes were significantly larger in pubertal
and postpubertal maltreated subjects with PTSD than control
subjects but were similar in prepubertal maltreated subjects
with PTSD and control subjects. Pituitary volumes were
larger in the PTSD subjects with history of suicidal
ideation. CONCLUSIONS: These findings may suggest
developmental alterations in pituitary volume in
maltreatment-related pediatric PTSD. This finding may be
associated with stress-related differences in CRH and may be
more pronounced in pediatric patients with PTSD comorbid
with suicidal ideation.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.11.021},
Key = {fds271872}
}
@article{fds271874,
Author = {Diwadkar, VA and DeBellis, MD and Sweeney, JA and Pettegrew, JW and Keshavan, MS},
Title = {Abnormalities in MRI-measured signal intensity in the corpus
callosum in schizophrenia.},
Journal = {Schizophrenia Research},
Volume = {67},
Number = {2-3},
Pages = {277-282},
Year = {2004},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0920-9964(03)00098-7},
Abstract = {The microstructural integrity of the corpus callosum (CC) in
first-episode schizophrenia patients was assessed by
measuring the signal intensity (SI) in T1-weighted MRI
images. Analyses revealed that compared to both healthy
controls and non-schizophrenic patients, schizophrenia
patients showed reductions in SI in all the callosal
subregions, the genu, body, isthmus and splenium in
first-episode schizophrenia. These results indicate that
schizophrenia is characterized by pathology of this
principal interhemispheric commissure; the abnormalities may
reflect distributed (rather than localized) interhemispheric
disconnectivity that extends beyond the heteromodal
association cortices.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0920-9964(03)00098-7},
Key = {fds271874}
}
@article{fds271873,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Thomas, LA},
Title = {Biologic findings of post-traumatic stress disorder and
child maltreatment.},
Journal = {Current Psychiatry Reports},
Volume = {5},
Number = {2},
Pages = {108-117},
Year = {2003},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1523-3812},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12685990},
Abstract = {Child maltreatment is a serious problem in US society,
affecting approximately three million children. Children and
adolescents exposed to child abuse and neglect experience
high rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In
addition, they are at risk for comorbid mental illness.
Biologic stress systems affected in trauma and in PTSD are
complex. Findings in cognitive testing, neuroimaging, and
affected pathways shed light on the consequences of child
maltreatment. What is known about treatment and outcomes for
children with history of maltreatment and
maltreatment-related PTSD indicates the need for prevention,
intervention, and treatment of children exposed to abuse and
neglect. The following is a brief review of the most recent
neurobiologic findings in child maltreatment and related
PTSD.},
Doi = {10.1007/s11920-003-0027-z},
Key = {fds271873}
}
@article{fds271871,
Author = {Clark, DB and De Bellis, MD and Lynch, KG and Cornelius, JR and Martin,
CS},
Title = {Physical and sexual abuse, depression and alcohol use
disorders in adolescents: onsets and outcomes.},
Journal = {Drug and Alcohol Dependence},
Volume = {69},
Number = {1},
Pages = {51-60},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0376-8716},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12536066},
Abstract = {Adolescents with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) often have
major depressive disorder (MDD). While physical abuse and
sexual abuse (PS Abuse) have been observed to be common in
adolescents with AUDs, the influence of PS Abuse on comorbid
MDD and AUD has not been determined. The effect of
pre-existing PS Abuse on the young adulthood outcomes of
adolescents with AUDs has also not been adequately explored.
This study examined the relationships among PS Abuse, MDD,
and AUD in adolescence, as well as related young adult
outcomes. Adolescents (mean age: 16.4 years; range: 14-18
years) were recruited from clinical and community sources
and classified into four groups: (1) AUD+PS Abuse (n=154),
(2) AUD only (n=255), (3) PS Abuse only (n=74), and (4)
Controls (n=268). Subjects were longitudinally assessed
through young adulthood (age 19 years or older). Measures
included interview assessments of DSM-IV AUD and MDD,
classified as "primary" or "secondary", and questionnaire
measures of alcohol consumption and depression. Primary MDD
preceded AUD whereas secondary MDD had a later onset than
AUD. PS Abuse accelerated the onsets of primary MDD,
secondary MDD and AUD. While affected adolescents had
typically improved in both alcohol consumption and
depression at the young adult assessment, the majority of
those with adolescent AUD had AUDs in young adulthood, and
MDD remained common in those with a history of PS Abuse.
These results indicate that MDD among adolescents with AUD
may be partly attributable to PS Abuse.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0376-8716(02)00254-5},
Key = {fds271871}
}
@article{fds271870,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Keshavan, MS},
Title = {Sex differences in brain maturation in maltreatment-related
pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder.},
Journal = {Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews},
Volume = {27},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {103-117},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0149-7634},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12732227},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Recent investigations suggested that pediatric
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with
adverse brain development. However, sex differences are
poorly understood. METHODS: In this study, 61 medically
healthy children and adolescents (31 males and 30 females)
with chronic PTSD secondary to abuse, who had similar trauma
and mental health histories, and 122 healthy controls (62
males and 60 females) underwent comprehensive psychiatric
assessments and an anatomical MRI brain scan. RESULTS: When
gender groups were analyzed separately, findings of larger
prefrontal lobe CSF volumes and smaller midsagittal area of
the corpus callosum subregion 7 (splenium) were seen in both
boys and girls with maltreatment-related PTSD compared to
their gender-matched comparison subjects. Subjects with PTSD
did not show the normal age related increases in the area of
the total corpus callosum and its region 7 (splenium)
compared to non-maltreated subjects; however, this finding
was more prominent in males with PTSD. Significant sex by
group effects demonstrated smaller cerebral volumes and
corpus callosum regions 1 (rostrum) and 6 (isthmus) in PTSD
males and greater lateral ventricular volume increases in
maltreated males with PTSD than maltreated females with
PTSD. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that there are sex
differences in the brain maturation of boys and girls with
maltreatment-related PTSD. Longitudinal MRI brain
investigations of childhood PTSD and the relationship of
gender to psychosocial outcomes are warranted.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0149-7634(03)00013-7},
Key = {fds271870}
}
@article{fds271868,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Keshavan, MS and Shifflett, H and Iyengar, S and Beers, SR and Hall, J and Moritz, G},
Title = {Brain structures in pediatric maltreatment-related
posttraumatic stress disorder: a sociodemographically
matched study.},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {52},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1066-1078},
Year = {2002},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0006-3223},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12460690},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Previous investigations suggest that maltreated
children evidence alterations of chemical mediators of
stress and adverse brain development. Previous anatomical
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain studies have not
controlled for socioeconomic status. METHODS: In this study,
28 psychotropic naïve children and adolescents with
maltreatment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
and 66 sociodemographically similar healthy control subjects
underwent comprehensive clinical assessments and anatomical
MRI brain scans. RESULTS: Compared with control subjects,
subjects with PTSD had smaller intracranial, cerebral, and
prefrontal cortex, prefrontal cortical white matter, and
right temporal lobe volumes and areas of the corpus callosum
and its subregions (2, 4, 5, 6, and 7), and larger frontal
lobe cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes than control
subjects. The total midsagittal area of corpus callosum and
middle and posterior regions remained smaller in subjects
with PTSD, whereas right, left, and total lateral ventricles
and frontal lobe CSF were proportionally larger than in
control subjects, after adjustment for cerebral volume.
Brain volumes positively correlated with age of onset of
PTSD trauma and negatively correlated with duration of
abuse. Significant gender x group effect demonstrated
greater lateral ventricular volume increases in maltreated
male subjects with PTSD than maltreated female subjects with
PTSD. No hippocampal differences were seen. CONCLUSIONS:
These data provide further evidence to suggest that
maltreatment-related PTSD is associated with adverse brain
development. These data also suggest that male children may
be more vulnerable to these effects.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01459-2},
Key = {fds271868}
}
@article{fds271869,
Author = {Keshavan, MS and Dick, E and Mankowski, I and Harenski, K and Montrose,
DM and Diwadkar, V and DeBellis, M},
Title = {Decreased left amygdala and hippocampal volumes in young
offspring at risk for schizophrenia.},
Journal = {Schizophrenia Research},
Volume = {58},
Number = {2-3},
Pages = {173-183},
Year = {2002},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0920-9964},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(01)00404-2},
Abstract = {Abnormalities in the structural integrity and connectivity
of the medial temporal and the prefrontal cortex are well
documented in schizophrenia, but it is unclear if they
represent premorbid indicators of neuropathology. Studies of
young relatives at high-risk for schizophrenia (HR) provide
an opportunity to clarify this question. We herein provide
data from a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of these
structures in young offspring of schizophrenia patients. A
series of 17 young HR offspring of schizophrenic patients
were compared with 22 healthy comparison subjects (HC).
Morphometric comparisons of the right and left dorsolateral
prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and the anterior and posterior
amygdala-hippocampal (A-H) complex were conducted using
high-resolution whole brain T(1) weighted brain images.
Compared with the HC group, HR subjects had significant
decreases in intracranial volume. The volumes of the left
anterior and posterior A-H complex were reduced in the HR
subjects after adjusting for intracranial volume. HR
subjects also showed a significant leftward (Right>Left)
asymmetry of the anterior A-H complex compared to the HC
subjects. No significant changes were seen in the DLPFC.
Thus, lateralized alterations in the volume of the left A-H
complex are evident in unaffected young offspring of
schizophrenia patients and may be of neurodevelopmental
origin. Follow-up studies are needed to examine the
predictive value of these measures for future emergence of
schizophrenia in at-risk individuals.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0920-9964(01)00404-2},
Key = {fds271869}
}
@article{fds271862,
Author = {Beers, SR and De Bellis, MD},
Title = {Outcomes of child abuse.},
Journal = {Neurosurgery Clinics of North America},
Volume = {13},
Number = {2},
Pages = {235-241},
Year = {2002},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1042-3680},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12391707},
Abstract = {The limited research available regarding the outcome of
inflicted TBI suggests that this type of injury may be
especially deleterious to infants and young children. It is
likely that mechanisms of injury, age at injury, and
circumstances of injury (i.e., child abuse and maltreatment)
all contribute to these findings. Until recently, the
investigations of TBI and child abuse and maltreatment have
occurred on two separate tracks. The review of these two
literatures indicates that the TBI outcome literature is
strongly grounded in neuropsychologic methodology, whereas
the child abuse and maltreatment literature depends most
heavily on less brain-specific measures of general
intellectual ability and academic achievement. The evidence
reviewed here suggests that it is time for these areas of
research to converge. Children with inflicted head injury
should be evaluated not only to assess outcome related to
TBI but to disconfirm the presence of PTSD, a developmental
disorder that may also result in CNS changes. In this
vulnerable population, longitudinal assessment well past the
period of initial insult is imperative to assess the rate of
development of skills, to identify deficient areas, and to
plan appropriate interventions.},
Doi = {10.1016/s1042-3680(01)00003-1},
Key = {fds271862}
}
@article{fds271865,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Keshavan, MS and Frustaci, K and Shifflett, H and Iyengar, S and Beers, SR and Hall, J},
Title = {Superior temporal gyrus volumes in maltreated children and
adolescents with PTSD.},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {51},
Number = {7},
Pages = {544-552},
Year = {2002},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0006-3223},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11950456},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The structure and function of the superior
temporal gyrus (STG), a structure involved in receptive and
nonverbal auditory and language processing, is understudied
in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Event-related
potential abnormalities were previously reported in PTSD,
implicating the existence of dysfunction in the primary
auditory cortex and adjacent anterior auditory cortex of the
STG in adult PTSD. METHODS: Anatomic magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) volumetric analysis of the superior temporal
gyrus were performed in 43 maltreated children and
adolescents with PTSD and 61 nonmaltreated healthy control
subjects. RESULTS: Unadjusted STG gray matter volumes were
larger in maltreated subjects with PTSD than in control
subjects, whereas STG white matter volumes were smaller in
maltreated subjects with PTSD than in control subjects.
After adjusting for differences in cerebral volume, right,
left, and total superior temporal gyrus volumes were
relatively larger in PTSD subjects compared with control
subjects. After covarying for differences in cerebral gray
matter volumes, regression analysis showed that PTSD
subjects had significantly greater STG gray matter volumes
in most, and in particularly right-sided STG measurements.
Furthermore, findings of significant side-by-diagnosis
interactions for STG and STG gray but not white matter STG
volumes suggest that there is a more pronounced right > left
asymmetry in total and posterior STG volumes but a loss of
the left > right asymmetry seen in total, anterior, and
posterior STG gray matter volumes in PTSD subjects compared
with control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These STG findings may
suggest developmental alterations in maltreatment-related
pediatric PTSD.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01374-9},
Key = {fds271865}
}
@article{fds271866,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Keshavan, MS and Shifflett, H and Iyengar, S and Dahl,
RE and Axelson, DA and Birmaher, B and Hall, J and Moritz, G and Ryan,
ND},
Title = {Superior temporal gyrus volumes in pediatric generalized
anxiety disorder.},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {51},
Number = {7},
Pages = {553-562},
Year = {2002},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0006-3223},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11950457},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The essential symptoms of generalized anxiety
disorder (GAD) are intrusive worry about everyday life
circumstances and social competence, and associated
autonomic hyperarousal. The amygdala, a brain region
involved in fear and fear-related behaviors in animals, and
its projections to the superior temporal gyrus (STG),
thalamus, and to the prefrontal cortex are thought to
comprise the neural basis of our abilities to interpret
social behaviors. Larger amygdala volumes were previously
reported in pediatric GAD; however, the brain regions
involved in social intelligence were not examined in this
pilot study. METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was
used to measure the STG, thalamus, and prefrontal volumes in
13 medically healthy child and adolescent subjects with
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and 98 comparison
subjects, who were at low familial risk for mood and
psychotic disorders. Groups were similar in age, gender,
height, weight, handedness, socioeconomic status, and
full-scale IQ. RESULTS: The total, white matter, and gray
matter STG volumes were significantly larger in GAD subjects
compared with control subjects. Thalamus and prefrontal lobe
volumes did not differ between groups. Findings of
significant side-by-diagnosis interactions for STG and STG
white matter volumes suggest that there is a more pronounced
right > left asymmetry in total and STG white matter volumes
in pediatric GAD subjects compared with control subjects. A
significant correlation between the STG white matter percent
asymmetry index with the child report of the Screen for
Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders Scale was seen.
CONCLUSIONS: These data agree with previous work implicating
posterior right-hemispheric regions in anxiety disorders and
may suggest developmental alterations in pediatric
GAD.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01375-0},
Key = {fds271866}
}
@article{fds271867,
Author = {Keshavan, MS and Diwadkar, VA and DeBellis, M and Dick, E and Kotwal, R and Rosenberg, DR and Sweeney, JA and Minshew, N and Pettegrew,
JW},
Title = {Development of the corpus callosum in childhood, adolescence
and early adulthood.},
Journal = {Life Sciences},
Volume = {70},
Number = {16},
Pages = {1909-1922},
Year = {2002},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0024-3205},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3205(02)01492-3},
Abstract = {The corpus callosum (CC) is the major commissure connecting
the cerebral hemispheres and there is evidence of its
continuing development into young adulthood [Ann. Neurol. 34
(1993) 71]. Yet, little is known about changes in the size
and tissue characteristics of its sub-regions. The
sub-regions of the CC (genu, body, isthmus and splenium) are
topographically organized to carry interhemispheric fibres
representing heteromodal and unimodal cortical brain
regions. Studies of the development of each of these
sub-regions can therefore provide insights into the time
course of brain development. We assessed age-related changes
in the size and the signal intensities (SI) of the
subregions of the corpus callosum in the Magnetic Resonance
Imaging (MRI) scans of a cross-sectional sample of 109
healthy young individuals aged 7-32 years. Age was
significantly positively correlated with the size of the
callosal sub-regions (with the exception of the isthmus). On
the other hand, there was an age-related decrease in SI
across all the CC sub-regions. The rates of CC regional size
increases appeared to be most pronounced in childhood. By
contrast, SI decreases occurred during childhood and
adolescence but reached an asymptote during young adulthood.
Finally, the observed size and SI changes were similar
across CC sub-regions. The observed increases in CC size in
conjunction with the decreases in signal intensity reflect
continued maturation of the structure from childhood through
young adulthood. An increase in axonal size may underlie
growth in the size of the CC during childhood. The continued
decrease in the CC signal intensity during adolescence may
in addition be related to ongoing maturation of the axonal
cytoskeleton. CC maturational changes appeared synchronous
across sub-regions suggesting parallel maturation of diverse
brain regions during childhood and adolescence.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0024-3205(02)01492-3},
Key = {fds271867}
}
@article{fds271863,
Author = {Beers, SR and De Bellis, MD},
Title = {Neuropsychological function in children with
maltreatment-related posttraumatic stress
disorder.},
Journal = {The American Journal of Psychiatry},
Volume = {159},
Number = {3},
Pages = {483-486},
Year = {2002},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-953X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11870018},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>Studies in adults have reported changes in
concentration, learning, and memory in individuals with
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, there are few
studies of cognitive function in children with PTSD. The
goal of the current study was to evaluate cognition in
children with PTSD.<h4>Method</h4>The cognitive status of 14
pediatric psychiatric outpatients with maltreatment-related
PTSD and 15 sociodemographically similar children who were
healthy and had not been maltreated was examined.
Neuropsychological instruments measured language, attention,
abstract reasoning/executive function, learning and memory,
visual-spatial processing, and psychomotor
function.<h4>Results</h4>The children with PTSD performed
more poorly on measures of attention and abstract
reasoning/executive function.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Although
based on a small number of subjects, these results support
cognitive differences between children with and without
maltreatment-related PTSD.},
Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.159.3.483},
Key = {fds271863}
}
@article{fds271864,
Author = {De Bellis, MD},
Title = {Developmental traumatology: a contributory mechanism for
alcohol and substance use disorders.},
Journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology},
Volume = {27},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {155-170},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0306-4530},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11750776},
Abstract = {Early childhood traumatic experiences, such as childhood
maltreatment, are associated with an enhanced risk of
adolescent and adult alcohol and substance use disorders
(defined as DSM-IV alcohol or substance abuse or
dependence). Maltreated children and adolescents manifest
dysregulation of major biological stress response systems
including adverse influences on brain development.
Dysregulation of biological stress response systems may lead
to an enhanced vulnerability for psychopathology,
particularly posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and
depression. These negative affect disorders may put a child
at increased risk for adolescent or young adult onset
alcohol or substance use disorders. Thus, studies in
developmental traumatology may prove to be critical in the
effort to attempt to link the neurobiology of
maltreatment-related PTSD with the neurobiology of alcohol
and substance use disorders and in developing early
strategies for the prevention of adolescent and adult
alcohol and substance use disorders.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0306-4530(01)00042-7},
Key = {fds271864}
}
@article{fds351036,
Author = {De Bellis, MD},
Title = {Abuse and ACTH response to corticotropin-releasing
factor.},
Journal = {The American Journal of Psychiatry},
Volume = {159},
Number = {1},
Pages = {157},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.1.157},
Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.159.1.157},
Key = {fds351036}
}
@article{fds271857,
Author = {Gonzalez-Heydrich, J and Steingard, RJ and Putnam, FW and De Bellis,
MD and Beardslee, W and Kohane, IS},
Title = {Corticotropin releasing hormone increases apparent potency
of adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation of cortisol
secretion.},
Journal = {Medical Hypotheses},
Volume = {57},
Number = {5},
Pages = {544-548},
Year = {2001},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0306-9877},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11735308},
Abstract = {HYPOTHESIS: Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) has a
regulatory effect on cortisol secretion in addition to its
classic effect of stimulating adrenocorticotropic hormone
(ACTH) secretion. REVIEW: There is growing evidence of
"long-loop" and paracrine adrenal stimulation by CRH. Data
from a study of the ovine-corticotropin releasing hormone
(oCRH) stimulation test in 13 sexually abused girls and 13
normal controls was used in Montecarlo simulations of the
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, to get estimates of
adrenal sensitivity to ACTH and cortisol elimination
kinetics before and after oCRH administration. In both
controls and sexually abused girls, ACTH had an apparent
greater effect on cortisol secretion after administration of
oCRH compared to its effect during the baseline period. This
lends support to the hypothesis and suggests that it should
be tested experimentally.},
Doi = {10.1054/mehy.2001.1384},
Key = {fds271857}
}
@article{fds271861,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Hall, J and Boring, AM and Frustaci, K and Moritz,
G},
Title = {A pilot longitudinal study of hippocampal volumes in
pediatric maltreatment-related posttraumatic stress
disorder.},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {50},
Number = {4},
Pages = {305-309},
Year = {2001},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0006-3223},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11522266},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND:Adult posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is
associated with decreased hippocampal volumes; however,
decreased hippocampal volumes were not seen in pediatric
maltreatment-related PTSD. We examined hippocampal volumes
longitudinally to determine if a history of childhood
traumatic stress alters hippocampal growth during puberty.
METHODS:Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure
temporal lobes, amygdala, and hippocampal volumes in nine
prepubertal maltreated subjects with pediatric
maltreatment-related PTSD and nine sociodemographically
matched healthy nonmaltreated yoked control subjects at
baseline and after at least 2 years follow-up (during the
later stages of pubertal development) using identical
equipment and measurement methodology. RESULTS:Temporal
lobe, amygdala and hippocampal volumes did not differ
between groups at baseline, follow-up, or across time.
CONCLUSIONS:Whereas these data are from a small sample, the
results do not support hippocampal changes in pediatric
maltreatment-related PTSD.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01105-2},
Key = {fds271861}
}
@article{fds271854,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Broussard, ER and Herring, DJ and Wexler, S and Moritz, G and Benitez, JG},
Title = {Psychiatric co-morbidity in caregivers and children involved
in maltreatment: a pilot research study with policy
implications.},
Journal = {Child Abuse & Neglect},
Volume = {25},
Number = {7},
Pages = {923-944},
Year = {2001},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0145-2134},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11523869},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>The purpose of this study was to determine
the lifetime incidence of mental disorders in caregivers
involved in maltreatment and in their maltreated
child.<h4>Methods</h4>Lifetime DSM-III-R and IV psychiatric
diagnoses were obtained for 53 maltreating families,
including at least one primary caregiver and one proband
maltreated child or adolescent subject (28 males, 25
females), and for a comparison group of 46
sociodemographically, similar nonmaltreating families,
including one proband healthy child and adolescent subject
(22 males, 22 females).<h4>Results</h4>Mothers of maltreated
children exhibited a significantly greater lifetime
incidence of anxiety disorders (especially post-traumatic
stress disorder), mood disorders, alcohol and/or substance
abuse or dependence disorder, suicide attempts, and
comorbidity of two or more psychiatric disorders, compared
to control mothers. Natural fathers or mothers' live-in
mates involved in maltreatment exhibited a significantly
greater lifetime incidence of an alcohol and/or substance
abuse or dependence disorder compared to controls. The
majority of maltreated children and adolescents reported
anxiety disorders, especially post-traumatic stress disorder
(from witnessing domestic violence and/or sexual abuse),
mood disorders, suicidal ideation and attempts, and
disruptive disorders. Most maltreated children (72%)
suffered from comorbidity involving both emotional and
behavioral regulation disorders.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Families
involved in maltreatment manifest significant histories of
psychiatric comorbidity. Policies which target
identification and treatment of comorbidity may contribute
to breaking the intergenerational transmission of
maltreatment.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0145-2134(01)00247-2},
Key = {fds271854}
}
@article{fds271859,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Keshavan, MS and Beers, SR and Hall, J and Frustaci,
K and Masalehdan, A and Noll, J and Boring, AM},
Title = {Sex differences in brain maturation during childhood and
adolescence.},
Journal = {Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)},
Volume = {11},
Number = {6},
Pages = {552-557},
Year = {2001},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1047-3211},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11375916},
Abstract = {Brain development during childhood and adolescence is
characterized by both progressive myelination and regressive
pruning processes. However, sex differences in brain
maturation remain poorly understood. Magnetic resonance
imaging was used to examine the relationships between age
and sex with cerebral gray and white matter volumes and
corpus callosal areas in 118 healthy children and
adolescents (61 males and 57 females), aged 6-17 years.
Gender groups were similar on measures of age, handedness,
socioeconomic status and Full Scale IQ. Significant
age-related reductions in cerebral gray and increases in
white matter volumes and corpus callosal areas were evident,
while intracranial and cerebral volumes did not change
significantly. Significant sex by age interactions were seen
for cerebral gray and white matter volumes and corpus
callosal areas. Specifically, males had more prominent
age-related gray matter decreases and white matter volume
and corpus callosal area increases compared with females.
While these data are from a cross-sectional sample and need
to be replicated in a longitudinal study, the findings
suggest that there are age-related sex differences in brain
maturational processes. The study of age-related sex
differences in cerebral pruning and myelination may aid in
understanding the mechanism of several developmental
neuropsychiatric disorders.},
Doi = {10.1093/cercor/11.6.552},
Key = {fds271859}
}
@article{fds271860,
Author = {Hill, SY and De Bellis, MD and Keshavan, MS and Lowers, L and Shen, S and Hall, J and Pitts, T},
Title = {Right amygdala volume in adolescent and young adult
offspring from families at high risk for developing
alcoholism.},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {49},
Number = {11},
Pages = {894-905},
Year = {2001},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0006-3223},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11377407},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Neurobiological factors have been
implicated in the increased susceptibility for developing
alcohol dependence that offspring from alcoholic families
exhibit. The P300 component of the event-related potential
shows developmental changes during childhood and adolescence
that appear to be related to risk status. The underlying
structural changes that accompany these neurophysiological
changes are not well understood.<h4>Methods</h4>Magnetic
resonance imaging was used to measure cerebral, amygdala,
and hippocampal volumes in 17 high-risk adolescent and young
adult offspring from multiplex alcoholism families and 17
age-, gender-, and IQ-matched control subjects without a
family history for alcoholism or other substance dependence.
Twenty-two of the subjects are part of a longitudinal
prospective study and have been followed an average of 7.3
years, making it possible to relate P300 developmental
trajectories to structural volumes.<h4>Results</h4>High-risk
adolescents and young adults showed reduced right amygdala
volume in comparison with control subjects. Right amygdala
volume was significantly correlated with visual P300
amplitude.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Offspring from families having
a high density of alcoholism differ in both
neurophysiological and neuroanatomical characteristics that
could not be explained by personal drinking history or
particular childhood and adolescent psychopathology. Because
the amygdala tends to increase in volume during childhood
and adolescence, smaller volumes in high-risk children may
indicate a developmental delay that parallels delays seen in
visual P300 amplitude.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01088-5},
Key = {fds271860}
}
@article{fds271856,
Author = {Tae, WS and Hong, SB},
Title = {Boundary of amygdala and hippocampus.},
Journal = {The American Journal of Psychiatry},
Volume = {158},
Number = {5},
Pages = {820-821},
Year = {2001},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.5.820-a},
Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.158.5.820-a},
Key = {fds271856}
}
@article{fds351037,
Author = {DE BELLIS, MD and KESHAVAN, MS},
Title = {Drs. De Bellis and Keshavan Reply},
Journal = {The American Journal of Psychiatry},
Volume = {158},
Number = {5},
Pages = {821-821},
Publisher = {American Psychiatric Association Publishing},
Year = {2001},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.5.821},
Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.158.5.821},
Key = {fds351037}
}
@article{fds271858,
Author = {De Bellis, MD},
Title = {Developmental traumatology: the psychobiological development
of maltreated children and its implications for research,
treatment, and policy.},
Journal = {Development and Psychopathology},
Volume = {13},
Number = {3},
Pages = {539-564},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0954-5794},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11523847},
Abstract = {In this review, a developmental traumatology model of child
maltreatment and the risk for the intergenerational cycle of
abuse and neglect using a mental health or posttraumatic
stress model was described. Published data were reviewed
that support the hypothesis that the psychobiological
sequelae of child maltreatment may be regarded as an
environmentally induced complex developmental disorder. Data
to support this view, including the descriptions of both
psychobiological and brain maturation studies in
maltreatment research, emphasizing the similarities and
differences between children, adolescents, and adults, were
reviewed. Many suggestions for important future
psychobiological and brain maturation research
investigations as well as public policy ideas were
offered.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0954579401003078},
Key = {fds271858}
}
@article{fds271855,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Keshavan, MS and Harenski, KA},
Title = {Anterior cingulate N-acetylaspartate/creatine ratios during
clonidine treatment in a maltreated child with posttraumatic
stress disorder.},
Journal = {Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology},
Volume = {11},
Number = {3},
Pages = {311-316},
Year = {2001},
ISSN = {1044-5463},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11642482},
Abstract = {Posttraumatic stress disorder in maltreated children is
associated with dysregulation of biological stress systems,
adverse brain development, and neuronal loss in the anterior
cingulate region of the medial prefrontal cortex. A
maltreated boy with posttraumatic stress disorder was
followed prospectively using single voxel proton magnetic
resonance spectroscopy measures of anterior cingulate
N-acetylaspartate/creatine ratios, a marker of neural
integrity. N-acetylaspartate/creatine ratios increased, and
sleep measures improved upon symptom remission.},
Doi = {10.1089/10445460152595649},
Key = {fds271855}
}
@article{fds271852,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Keshavan, MS and Spencer, S and Hall,
J},
Title = {N-Acetylaspartate concentration in the anterior cingulate of
maltreated children and adolescents with
PTSD.},
Journal = {The American Journal of Psychiatry},
Volume = {157},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1175-1177},
Year = {2000},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0002-953X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10873933},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>Anterior cingulate dysfunction has been
implicated in the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress
disorder (PTSD). The authors hypothesized that integrity of
the anterior cingulate may be affected in childhood
PTSD.<h4>Method</h4>Single voxel proton magnetic resonance
spectroscopy (proton MRS) was used to measure the relative
concentration of N-acetylaspartate and creatine, a marker of
neural integrity, in the anterior cingulate of 11 children
and adolescents who met DSM-IV criteria for PTSD secondary
to maltreatment and 11 healthy matched comparison
subjects.<h4>Results</h4>The ratio of N-acetylaspartate to
creatine was significantly lower in the maltreated subjects
with PTSD than in the comparison subjects.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The
lower N-acetylaspartate/creatine ratio in subjects with PTSD
suggests that anterior cingulate neuronal metabolism may be
altered in childhood PTSD.},
Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.157.7.1175},
Key = {fds271852}
}
@article{fds271853,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Casey, BJ and Dahl, RE and Birmaher, B and Williamson,
DE and Thomas, KM and Axelson, DA and Frustaci, K and Boring, AM and Hall,
J and Ryan, ND},
Title = {A pilot study of amygdala volumes in pediatric generalized
anxiety disorder.},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {48},
Number = {1},
Pages = {51-57},
Year = {2000},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0006-3223},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10913507},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The neurodevelopment of childhood anxiety
disorders is not well understood. Basic research has
implicated the amygdala and circuits related to these nuclei
as being central to several aspects of fear and fear-related
behaviors in animals. METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging
was used to measure amygdala volumes and comparison brain
regions in 12 child and adolescent subjects with generalized
anxiety disorder and 24 comparison subjects. Groups were
matched on age, sex, height, and handedness and were also
similar on measures of weight, socioeconomic status, and
full scale IQ. RESULTS: Right and total amygdala volumes
were significantly larger in generalized anxiety disorder
subjects. Intracranial, cerebral, cerebral gray and white
matter, temporal lobe, hippocampal, and basal ganglia
volumes and measures of the midsagittal area of the corpus
callosum did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS:
Although these data are preliminary and from a small sample,
the results are consistent with a line of thinking that
alterations in the structure and function of the amygdala
may be associated with pediatric generalized anxiety
disorder.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00835-0},
Key = {fds271853}
}
@article{fds271851,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Clark, DB and Beers, SR and Soloff, PH and Boring, AM and Hall, J and Kersh, A and Keshavan, MS},
Title = {Hippocampal volume in adolescent-onset alcohol use
disorders.},
Journal = {The American Journal of Psychiatry},
Volume = {157},
Number = {5},
Pages = {737-744},
Year = {2000},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0002-953X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10784466},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>Alcohol use disorders (defined as DSM-IV
alcohol dependence or abuse) are prevalent and serious
problems among adolescents. As adolescence is marked by
progressive hippocampal development, this brain region may
be particularly susceptible to the adverse effects of
adolescent alcohol use disorders. This study compared the
hippocampal volumes of adolescents and young adults with
adolescent-onset alcohol use disorders to those of healthy
matched comparison subjects.<h4>Method</h4>Magnetic
resonance imaging was used to measure the hippocampal
volumes and volumes of comparison brain regions in 12
subjects with alcohol use disorders and 24 comparison
subjects matched on age, sex, and handedness.<h4>Results</h4>Both
left and right hippocampal volumes were significantly
smaller in subjects with alcohol use disorders than in
comparison subjects. Total hippocampal volume correlated
positively with the age at onset and negatively with the
duration of the alcohol use disorder. Intracranial,
cerebral, and cortical gray and white matter volumes and
measures of the mid-sagittal area of the corpus callosum did
not differ between groups.<h4>Conclusions</h4>In the mature
brain, chronic alcohol use disorders are associated with
graded global brain dysmorphology. Although the etiology,
neuropsychological consequences, and permanence of these
hippocampal findings need to be further examined, these
findings suggest that, during adolescence, the hippocampus
may be particularly susceptible to the adverse effects of
alcohol.},
Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.737},
Key = {fds271851}
}
@article{fds351038,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Keshavan, MS and Spencer, S and Hall,
J},
Title = {487. Anterior cingulate n-acetylaspartate in childhood
PTSD},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {47},
Number = {8},
Pages = {S148-S148},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2000},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00757-5},
Doi = {10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00757-5},
Key = {fds351038}
}
@article{fds271849,
Author = {Wong, ML and Kling, MA and Munson, PJ and Listwak, S and Licinio, J and Prolo, P and Karp, B and McCutcheon, IE and Geracioti, TD and DeBellis,
MD and Rice, KC and Goldstein, DS and Veldhuis, JD and Chrousos, GP and Oldfield, EH and McCann, SM and Gold, PW},
Title = {Pronounced and sustained central hypernoradrenergic function
in major depression with melancholic features: relation to
hypercortisolism and corticotropin-releasing
hormone.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {97},
Number = {1},
Pages = {325-330},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.1.325},
Abstract = {Both stress-system activation and melancholic depression are
characterized by fear, constricted affect, stereotyped
thinking, and similar changes in autonomic and
neuroendocrine function. Because norepinephrine (NE) and
corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) can produce these
physiological and behavioral changes, we measured the
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels each hour for 30
consecutive hours in controls and in patients with
melancholic depression. Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone
(ACTH) and cortisol levels were obtained every 30 min.
Depressed patients had significantly higher CSF NE and
plasma cortisol levels that were increased around the clock.
Diurnal variations in CSF NE and plasma cortisol levels were
virtually superimposable and positively correlated with each
other in both patients and controls. Despite their
hypercortisolism, depressed patients had normal levels of
plasma ACTH and CSF CRH. However, plasma ACTH and CSF CRH
levels in depressed patients were inappropriately high,
considering the degree of their hypercortisolism. In
contrast to the significant negative correlation between
plasma cortisol and CSF CRH levels seen in controls,
patients with depression showed no statistical relationship
between these parameters. These data indicate that
persistent stress-system dysfunction in melancholic
depression is independent of the conscious stress of the
disorder. These data also suggest mutually reinforcing
bidirectional links between a central hypernoradrenergic
state and the hyperfunctioning of specific central CRH
pathways that each are driven and sustained by
hypercortisolism. We postulate that alpha-noradrenergic
blockade, CRH antagonists, and treatment with
antiglucocorticoids may act at different loci, alone or in
combination, in the treatment of major depression with
melancholic features.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.97.1.325},
Key = {fds271849}
}
@article{fds271847,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Baum, AS and Birmaher, B and Keshavan, MS and Eccard,
CH and Boring, AM and Jenkins, FJ and Ryan, ND},
Title = {A.E. Bennett Research Award. Developmental traumatology.
Part I: Biological stress systems.},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {45},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1259-1270},
Year = {1999},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00044-x},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>This investigation examined the
relationship between trauma, psychiatric symptoms and
urinary free cortisol (UFC) and catecholamine (epinephrine
[EPI], norepinephrine [NE], dopamine [DA]) excretion in
prepubertal children with posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) secondary to past child maltreatment experiences (n =
18), compared to non-traumatized children with overanxious
disorder (OAD) (n = 10) and healthy controls (n =
24).<h4>Methods</h4>Subjects underwent comprehensive
psychiatric and clinical assessments and 24 hour urine
collection for measurements of UFC and urinary catecholamine
excretion. Biological and clinical measures were compared
using analyses of variance.<h4>Results</h4>Maltreated
subjects with PTSD excreted significantly greater
concentrations of urinary DA and NE over 24 hours than OAD
and control subjects and greater concentrations of 24 hour
UFC than control subjects. Post hoc analysis revealed that
maltreated subjects with PTSD excreted significantly greater
concentrations of urinary EPI than OAD subjects. Childhood
PTSD was associated with greater co-morbid psychopathology
including depressive and dissociative symptoms, lower global
assessment of functioning, and increased incidents of
lifetime suicidal ideation and attempts. Urinary
catecholamine and UFC concentrations showed positive
correlations with duration of the PTSD trauma and severity
of PTSD symptoms.<h4>Conclusions</h4>These data suggest that
maltreatment experiences are associated with alterations of
biological stress systems in maltreated children with PTSD.
An improved psychobiological understanding of trauma in
childhood may eventually lead to better treatments of
childhood PTSD.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00044-x},
Key = {fds271847}
}
@article{fds271848,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Keshavan, MS and Clark, DB and Casey, BJ and Giedd,
JN and Boring, AM and Frustaci, K and Ryan, ND},
Title = {A.E. Bennett Research Award. Developmental traumatology.
Part II: Brain development.},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {45},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1271-1284},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1999},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00045-1},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Previous investigations suggest that
maltreated children with a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress
disorder (PTSD) evidence alterations of biological stress
systems. Increased levels of catecholaminergic
neurotransmitters and steroid hormones during traumatic
experiences in childhood could conceivably adversely affect
brain development.<h4>Methods</h4>In this study, 44
maltreated children and adolescents with PTSD and 61 matched
controls underwent comprehensive psychiatric and
neuropsychological assessments and an anatomical magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) brain scan.<h4>Results</h4>PTSD
subjects had smaller intracranial and cerebral volumes than
matched controls. The total midsagittal area of corpus
callosum and middle and posterior regions remained smaller;
while right, left, and total lateral ventricles were
proportionally larger than controls, after adjustment for
intracranial volume. Brain volume robustly and positively
correlated with age of onset of PTSD trauma and negatively
correlated with duration of abuse. Symptoms of intrusive
thoughts, avoidance, hyperarousal or dissociation correlated
positively with ventricular volume, and negatively with
brain volume and total corpus callosum and regional
measures. Significant gender by diagnosis effect revealed
greater corpus callosum area reduction in maltreated males
with PTSD and a trend for greater cerebral volume reduction
than maltreated females with PTSD. The predicted decrease in
hippocampal volume seen in adult PTSD was not seen in these
subjects.<h4>Conclusions</h4>These data suggest that the
overwhelming stress of maltreatment experiences in childhood
is associated with adverse brain development.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00045-1},
Key = {fds271848}
}
@article{fds271850,
Author = {Altemus, M and Jacobson, KR and Debellis, M and Kling, M and Pigott, T and Murphy, DL and Gold, PW},
Title = {Normal CSF oxytocin and NPY levels in OCD.},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {45},
Number = {7},
Pages = {931-933},
Year = {1999},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0006-3223},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00263-7},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Attention has recently been focused on central
nervous system neuropeptides as potential mediators of the
symptom profile of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
Increased CSF levels of the anxiolytic neuropeptide oxytocin
have been reported in OCD. CSF levels of NPY, another
anxiolytic neuropeptide, have not been studied. METHODS: We
measured CSF oxytocin and NPY in 14 OCD patients and 26
healthy normal volunteers. RESULTS: There were no
significant differences between the OCD patients and control
subjects in CSF oxytocin or NPY levels. In both the OCD and
control groups, women had significantly higher CSF oxytocin
levels than men. CONCLUSIONS: These results do not support a
prior finding of elevated CSF oxytocin in OCD patients and
do not provide any evidence for an abnormality of NPY
regulation in OCD.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00263-7},
Key = {fds271850}
}
@article{fds271828,
Author = {Newcorn, JH and Schulz, K and Harrison, M and DeBellis, MD and Udarbe,
JK and Halperin, JM},
Title = {Alpha 2 adrenergic agonists. Neurochemistry, efficacy, and
clinical guidelines for use in children.},
Journal = {Pediatric Clinics of North America},
Volume = {45},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1099-viii},
Year = {1998},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0031-3955},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70064-x},
Abstract = {The alpha 2 adrenergic agonists are used to treat a variety
of psychiatric disorders and their usage has been
increasing. This article presents the rationale and
neurochemical basis for treatment of psychiatric disorders
with alpha 2 agents, reviews studies examining clinical
efficacy, and develops guidelines for usage. Case vignettes
are presented to illustrate how the alpha 2 agents can
successfully be used in practice.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70064-x},
Key = {fds271828}
}
@article{fds351039,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Casey, BJ and Clark, DB and Giedd, J and Boring, A and Kersh, A and Frustaci, K},
Title = {53. Anatomical MRI in maltreated children with
PTSD},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {43},
Number = {8},
Pages = {S16-S16},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1998},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(98)90501-7},
Doi = {10.1016/s0006-3223(98)90501-7},
Key = {fds351039}
}
@article{fds271827,
Author = {Chadwick, DL and Kirschner, RH and Reece, RM and Ricci, LR and Alexander, R and Amaya, M and Bays, JA and Bechtel, K and Beltran-Coker,
R and Berkowitz, CD and Blatt, SD and Botash, AS and Brown, J and Carrasco,
M and Christian, C and Clyne, P and Coury, DL and Crawford, J and Cunningham, N and DeBellis, MD and Derauf, C and de Triquet, J and Dreyer, BP and Dubowitz, H and Zenel, JA},
Title = {Shaken baby syndrome--a forensic pediatric
response.},
Journal = {Pediatrics},
Volume = {101},
Number = {2},
Pages = {321-323},
Year = {1998},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0031-4005},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.101.2.321},
Doi = {10.1542/peds.101.2.321},
Key = {fds271827}
}
@article{fds271845,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Baum, AS and Birmaher, B and Ryan,
ND},
Title = {Urinary catecholamine excretion in childhood overanxious and
posttraumatic stress disorders.},
Journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences},
Volume = {821},
Pages = {451-455},
Year = {1997},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0077-8923},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9238227},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48303.x},
Key = {fds271845}
}
@article{fds271846,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Dahl, RE and Perel, JM and Birmaher, B and al-Shabbout, M and Williamson, DE and Nelson, B and Ryan,
ND},
Title = {Nocturnal ACTH, cortisol, growth hormone, and prolactin
secretion in prepubertal depression.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {35},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1130-1138},
Year = {1996},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8824056},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine nocturnal secretion of
adrenocorticotropin, cortisol, growth hormone, and prolactin
in 38 medically healthy children with prepubertal major
depression compared with 28 medically and psychiatrically
healthy control children. METHOD: Prior to sampling,
subjects underwent an "adaptation night" with the
intravenous catheter in place and electroencephalographic
(EEG) electrodes for standard all-night polysomnogram. On
the following night, plasma samples were obtained every 20
minutes through an indwelling catheter. Hormonal
concentrations were measured by specific radioimmunoassay
and aligned by EEG-confirmed sleep onset. Areas under the
curve were calculated for total secretion and compared using
analysis of variance. RESULTS: Prepubertal depressed
children had lower cortisol secretion during the first 4
hours after sleep onset compared with controls.
Adrenocorticotropin, prolactin, and growth hormone secretion
did not differ between groups. Examination of clinical
characteristics in depressed children revealed lower
nocturnal adrenocorticotropin concentrations in depressed
inpatients versus depressed outpatients and in depressed
sexually abused versus depressed nonabused children. A
significant sex by diagnosis effect revealed lower growth
hormone secretion in depressed females compared with
depressed males. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to neuroendocrine
challenge studies in these same subjects, nocturnal
neuroendocrine measures did not reveal any of the expected
group differences. These results emphasize the contrasts
between unstimulated and challenge studies of neuroendocrine
secretion and of the importance of considering clinical
characteristics and maturation influences in biological
studies of prepubertal depression.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-199609000-00010},
Key = {fds271846}
}
@article{fds271844,
Author = {Dorn, LD and Burgess, ES and Susman, EJ and von Eye, A and DeBellis, MD and Gold, PW and Chrousos, GP},
Title = {Response to oCRH in depressed and nondepressed adolescents:
does gender make a difference?},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {35},
Number = {6},
Pages = {764-773},
Year = {1996},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199606000-00016},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>To examine the hypothesis that
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to stress vary
across gender, contributing to gender differences in the
prevalence of depression.<h4>Method</h4>This study examined
gender differences between depressed (n = 21) and control (n
= 20) adolescents in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and
cortisol response to two ovine corticotropin-releasing
hormone (oCRH) tests, at baseline and following a cognitive
stressor.<h4>Results</h4>Boys had higher (p < .05) measures
of ACTH than girls, regardless of depression status, whereas
corresponding cortisol parameters were similar in both
groups. Cortisol measures were higher (p < .05) at time 1
than at time 2 in both groups, a phenomenon that might
reflect the novelty of the situation.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Gender
differences in hormone responses may be related to
differences in peripheral metabolism of ACTH, resulting in
changes of immunoreactivity but not bioactivity or a
different set point of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
axis. The pattern of ACTH and cortisol responses to oCRH and
the 24-hour excretion of free cortisol was normal in
adolescents with depression, probably reflecting normal
negative feedback mechanisms at this age or that most of
these patients suffer from atypical rather than melancholic
depression.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-199606000-00016},
Key = {fds271844}
}
@article{fds271842,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Burke, L and Trickett, PK and Putnam,
FW},
Title = {Antinuclear antibodies and thyroid function in sexually
abused girls.},
Journal = {Journal of Traumatic Stress},
Volume = {9},
Number = {2},
Pages = {369-378},
Year = {1996},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0894-9867},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8731555},
Abstract = {Sexually abused girls manifest dysregulation of
physiological stress response systems. In this exploratory
investigation, 14 sexually abused and 13 control girls, ages
8-15 years, recruited from a prospective, longitudinal
study, underwent plasma antinuclear antibody and thyroid
function tests. Thyroid function tests and plasma
antinuclear antibody titers did not differ between sexually
abused and control girls. However, a significantly higher
incidence of plasma antinuclear antibody titers was seen in
abused subjects when compared with the frequency of positive
antinuclear antibody titers in a sample of 22 adult healthy
female volunteers, ages 20-58 years. These findings suggest
that sexually abused girls may show evidence of an
alteration in normal immune homeostatic function.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF02110669},
Key = {fds271842}
}
@article{fds271841,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Lefter, L and Trickett, PK and Putnam,
FW},
Title = {Urinary catecholamine excretion in sexually abused
girls.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {33},
Number = {3},
Pages = {320-327},
Year = {1994},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8169176},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>The objective of this study was to examine
urinary catecholamine excretion in a self-selected sample of
sexually abused and demographically matched control girls
recruited from a prospective, longitudinal
study.<h4>Method</h4>Twenty-four--hour urinary catecholamine
and metabolite concentrations of epinephrine,
norepinephrine, dopamine, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol,
metanephrine, normetanephrine, vanillylmandelic acid,
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and homovanillic acid were
measured in 12 sexually abused and 9 control girls, aged 8
to 15 years. Psychiatric profiles also were
obtained.<h4>Results</h4>The abused subjects excreted
significantly greater amounts of metanephrine,
vanillylmandelic acid, homovanillic acid, and total
catecholamine synthesis as measured by the sum of
epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and their metabolites
compared to values from control subjects. When the means of
all significant biochemical measures were adjusted by the
covariate effect of height, only homovanillic acid and group
interaction remained significant. There were positive trends
toward significantly higher urinary excretion of
metanephrine, vanillylmandelic acid, and total catecholamine
synthesis. Sexually abused girls also had a greater
incidence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and
dysthymia than control girls.<h4>Conclusions</h4>These
findings support the idea that sexually abused girls show
evidence of higher catecholamine functional activity
compared with controls. The clinical significance of these
findings in their similarity to the psychobiology of both
post-traumatic stress disorder and major depressive
disorder. Results from this pilot study may be of value in
understanding the mechanisms of depressive and anxiety
disorders and in the clinical treatment of maltreated
children.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-199403000-00004},
Key = {fds271841}
}
@article{fds271843,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Chrousos, GP and Dorn, LD and Burke, L and Helmers, K and Kling, MA and Trickett, PK and Putnam, FW},
Title = {Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation in
sexually abused girls.},
Journal = {The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and
Metabolism},
Volume = {78},
Number = {2},
Pages = {249-255},
Year = {1994},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0021-972X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8106608},
Abstract = {Childhood sexual abuse is associated with an increased
incidence of age-concurrent and adult psychopathology.
Little is known, however, about the biological
manifestations and sequelae of childhood sexual abuse. In
this study, we characterized the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
axis of a self-selected sample of sexually abused and
control girls recruited from a prospective longitudinal
study. Plasma ACTH and total and free cortisol responses to
ovine CRH (oCRH) stimulation were measured in 13 sexually
abused and 13 control girls, aged 7-15 yr. Psychiatric
profiles and 24-h urinary free cortisol (UFC) measures were
also obtained. Sexually abused girls had a greater incidence
of suicidal ideation (chi 2 = 4.51; df = 1; P < 0.05),
suicide attempts (chi 2 = 4.51; df = 1; P < 0.05), and
dysthymia (chi 2 = 8.85; df = 1; P < 0.01) than control
girls. Sexually abused girls showed significantly lower
basal (t = 2.1; df = 24; P < 0.05), and net oCRH stimulated
(t = 2.2; df = 24; P < 0.05) ACTH levels and significantly
reduced total ACTH responses (t = 2.5; df = 24; P < 0.05)
compared with control subjects. Their total and free basal
and oCRH-stimulated plasma cortisol levels and 24-h UFC
measures, however, were similar to those in controls. The
attenuated plasma ACTH with corresponding robust plasma
cortisol responses to oCRH stimulation and normal 24-h UFC
measures in sexually abused girls suggest a dysregulatory
disorder of the HPA axis in these individuals. This may
reflect pituitary hyporesponsiveness to oCRH. The ability of
sexually abused subjects to correct for the proposed
pituitary hyporesponsiveness to CRH may be related to their
young age and the presence of intact glucocorticoid feedback
regulatory mechanisms.},
Doi = {10.1210/jcem.78.2.8106608},
Key = {fds271843}
}
@article{fds271817,
Author = {de Bellis, MD and Chrousos, GP and Dorn, LD and Burke, L and Helmers, K and Kling, MA and Trickett, PK and Putman, FW},
Title = {Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation in
sexually abused girls},
Journal = {Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey},
Volume = {49},
Number = {7},
Pages = {487-490},
Year = {1994},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0029-7828},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006254-199407000-00022},
Doi = {10.1097/00006254-199407000-00022},
Key = {fds271817}
}
@article{fds271840,
Author = {Kling, MA and Debellis, MD and O'Rourke, DK and Listwak, SJ and Jr, TDG and McCutcheon, IE and Kalogeras, KT and Oldfield, EH and Gold,
PW},
Title = {Diurnal variation of cerebrospinal fluid immunoreactive
corticotropin-releasing hormone levels in healthy
volunteers},
Journal = {Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism},
Volume = {79},
Number = {1},
Pages = {233-239},
Publisher = {The Endocrine Society},
Year = {1994},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.79.1.233},
Abstract = {CRH is not only secreted into hypophyseal portal blood where
it is believed to regulate the circadian rhythm of
pituitary-adrenal activity, but is also measurable in
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Altered CSF immunoreactive CRH
(IR-CRH) levels have been found in patients with a number of
neuropsychiatrie disorders and have been implicated in some
of the symptoms of these disorders. To further study the
potential functional relevance of CRH in human CSF, we
examined whether a nonuniform temporal pattern of IR-CRH
levels existed in CSF using hourly sampling over a 30-h
period in six healthy volunteers. CSF was withdrawn
continuously at 6 mL/h through a catheter placed in the
lumbar subarachnoid space and connected to a miniroller pump
and fraction collector. A significant diurnal variation in
CSF IR-CRH levels was observed (P < 0.001), with highest
levels between 1830-2330 h and lowest levels around 0730 h.
This pattern was nearly opposite that of plasma cortisol
levels, which showed the expected peak around 0800 h and
nadir around 2000-2200 h. In addition, CSF IR-CRH levels in
three of the six volunteers showed significant negative
correlations with simultaneous plasma cortisol levels. These
data suggest that CSF IR-CRH concentrations are negatively
modulated by peripheral cortisol secretion, which may be one
factor involved in the entrainment of this rhythm. Although
the functional significance of this diurnal variation in CSF
IR-CRH levels is unknown, the presence of a distinct
temporal organization of CRH release into the CSF in humans
is compatible with the idea that CSF may play a functional
role in or otherwise reflect nonsynaptic information
processing in the central nervous system. Diurnal factors
should be taken into account in future studies of CRH
concentrations in human CSF.},
Doi = {10.1210/jc.79.1.233},
Key = {fds271840}
}
@article{fds271838,
Author = {Kling, MA and Smith, MA and Glowa, JR and Pluznik, D and Demas, J and DeBellis, MD and Gold, PW and Schulkin, J},
Title = {Facilitation of cocaine kindling by glucocorticoids in
rats.},
Journal = {Brain Research},
Volume = {629},
Number = {1},
Pages = {163-166},
Year = {1993},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0006-8993},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(93)90497-b},
Abstract = {We report that glucocorticoids significantly facilitated the
development of cocaine-induced kindled seizures. These
results suggest that glucocorticoids may have effects on the
development of kindled seizures which are similar to those
of the neuropeptide, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH),
with which they show a close functional relationship. These
results may be of interest in the light of data showing that
glucocorticoids increase CRH expression in the central
nucleus of the amygdala, which is an important site for the
development of kindling.},
Doi = {10.1016/0006-8993(93)90497-b},
Key = {fds271838}
}
@article{fds271837,
Author = {Kling, MA and Demitrack, MA and Whitfield, HJ and Kalogeras, KT and Listwak, SJ and DeBellis, MD and Chrousos, GP and Gold, PW and Brandt,
HA},
Title = {Effects of the glucocorticoid antagonist RU 486 on
pituitary-adrenal function in patients with anorexia nervosa
and healthy volunteers: enhancement of plasma ACTH and
cortisol secretion in underweight patients.},
Journal = {Neuroendocrinology},
Volume = {57},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1082-1091},
Year = {1993},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000126474},
Abstract = {To further explore whether the hypercortisolism of anorexia
nervosa reflects an alteration in the set point for
corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) secretion or is a
manifestation of glucocorticoid resistance, we examined
plasma ACTH and cortisol responses to the competitive
glucocorticoid antagonist RU 486 (10 mg/kg, p.o. at 8.00 h)
versus placebo (PBO) in 7 healthy female volunteers and 8
patients with DSM-III-R anorexia nervosa, all of whom were
studied while underweight [64.3 +/- 2.1% average body weight
(ABW), mean +/- SE] and 5 of whom were restudied
longitudinally following refeeding (> or = 85% ABW, mean
87.4 +/- 0.4% ABW). Blood samples were obtained from 16.00
to 16.30 h and from 4.00 to 8.00 h following dosing.
Underweight anorexics were significantly hypercortisolemic
by 24 h urinary free cortisol excretion compared with
controls (239 +/- 37 vs. 119 +/- 12 nmol/day, p < 0.01).
Both controls and underweight anorexics had robust early
morning (4.00-8.00 h) plasma cortisol responses to RU 486
(465 +/- 61 and 719 +/- 49 nmol/l) compared with PBO (370
+/- 52 and 451 +/- 31 nmol/l; p < 0.02 and p < 0.01,
respectively). The underweight anorexics showed a
significant mean early morning plasma ACTH response to RU
compared with placebo (3.28 +/- 0.63 vs. 2.01 +/- 0.24
pmol/l, p < 0.05), while the controls showed a trend toward
an increase in mean plasma ACTH after RU (3.11 +/- 0.36
pmol/l) compared with PBO (2.31 +/- 0.41 pmol/l, p < 0.13);
plasma ACTH means were greater on the RU day than the
placebo day at 20 of 25 sampling points (p < 0.001).
However, the increment in ACTH on the RU day compared to the
placebo day was greater in the underweight anorexics at the
first 20 of 25 consecutive time points of the early morning
sampling period (p < 0.001). Moreover, underweight anorexics
showed a significant plasma ACTH and cortisol response to RU
486 at 16.00-16.30 h (8-8.5 h following administration),
while the controls showed no significant response of plasma
ACTH or cortisol at this time. When restudied following
weight recovery, anorexic patients showed reductions in
24-hour urinary free cortisol excretion (to 191 +/- 40
nmol/day) which were no longer significantly elevated
compared with control values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
WORDS)},
Doi = {10.1159/000126474},
Key = {fds271837}
}
@article{fds271836,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Geracioti, TD and Altemus, M and Kling,
MA},
Title = {Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites in
fluoxetine-treated patients with major depression and in
healthy volunteers.},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {33},
Number = {8-9},
Pages = {636-641},
Year = {1993},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0006-3223},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7687151},
Abstract = {Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the monoamine
metabolites 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA),
3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), and homovanillic
acid (HVA) were measured in three groups: 46 healthy
volunteers; 9 medication-free patients with DSM III-R major
depressive disorder, recurrent; and these same 9 patients
following at least 4 weeks of fluoxetine treatment at 20
mg/day. CSF monoamine metabolite levels in medication-free
patients did not differ from healthy volunteers; however,
CSF 5-HIAA and MHPG decreased significantly from 95.9 +/-
24.6 (all values +/- SD) to 64.2 +/- 26.1 pmol/ml and from
46.7 +/- 14.2 to 42.6 +/- 11.6 pmol/ml, respectively,
following fluoxetine treatment. Fluoxetine also
significantly decreased mean Hamilton Depression Rating
Scale scores from 23.2 +/- 6.5 to 17.4 +/- 5.0 and
significantly increased the CSF HVA/5-HIAA
ratio.},
Doi = {10.1016/0006-3223(93)90103-k},
Key = {fds271836}
}
@article{fds271839,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Gold, PW and Geracioti, TD and Listwak, SJ and Kling,
MA},
Title = {Association of fluoxetine treatment with reductions in CSF
concentrations of corticotropin-releasing hormone and
arginine vasopressin in patients with major
depression.},
Journal = {The American Journal of Psychiatry},
Volume = {150},
Number = {4},
Pages = {656-657},
Year = {1993},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0002-953X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8465888},
Abstract = {The authors measured CSF concentrations of
corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine
vasopressin in nine depressed patients before and after
fluoxetine treatment. They found significant decreases in
CSF CRH, CSF arginine vasopressin, and Hamilton depression
ratings. Thus, the therapeutic effect of this
serotonin-uptake inhibitor may be related to diminution of
these arousal-promoting neuropeptides.},
Doi = {10.1176/ajp.150.4.656},
Key = {fds271839}
}
@article{fds271835,
Author = {Hauser, P and Devinsky, O and De Bellis and M and Theodore, WH and Post,
RM},
Title = {Benzodiazepine withdrawal delirium with catatonic features.
Occurrence in patients with partial seizure
disorders.},
Journal = {Archives of Neurology},
Volume = {46},
Number = {6},
Pages = {696-699},
Year = {1989},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1989.00520420118033},
Abstract = {We report the cases of 3 patients with medically intractable
seizures in whom withdrawal of treatment with a long-acting
benzodiazepine (clorazepate dipotassium, 2 patients;
clonazepam, 1 patient) was followed by delirium with
catatoniclike features. While an increase in seizure
frequency occurred during withdrawal and prior to the onset
of behavioral changes, electroencephalograms did not show
epileptiform activity during the delirium. We compared these
3 patients with 10 others with intractable seizures in whom
antiepileptic therapy was withdrawn without subsequent
behavior changes. High-dose benzodiazepine therapy and a
history of viral encephalitis may be risk factors for
withdrawal delirium.},
Doi = {10.1001/archneur.1989.00520420118033},
Key = {fds271835}
}
%% Chapters in Books
@misc{fds352112,
Author = {Lannoy, S and Brumback, T and Le Berre and A-P and Sullivan, EV and Pohl,
KM and Schulte, T and Pfefferbaum, A and De Bellis, MD and Baker, FC and Colrain, IM and Nagel, BJ and Brown, SA and Clark, DB and Tapert, SF and Muller-Oehring, EM},
Title = {THE DEVELOPMENT OF COGNITIVE AND MOTOR CONTROL IN
ADOLESCENCE AND ITS RELATION WITH ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION: A
THREE-YEAR INVESTIGATION},
Journal = {Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research},
Volume = {44},
Pages = {179-179},
Year = {2020},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds352112}
}
@misc{fds351017,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Phillips, R and Haswell, C and Nooner, KB and Morey,
R},
Title = {HIPPOCAMPAL SUBFIELD VOLUMES REDUCED BY BINGE DRINKING IN
ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS IN THE NCANDA
STUDY},
Journal = {Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research},
Volume = {43},
Pages = {332A-332A},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2019},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds351017}
}
@misc{fds351018,
Author = {Nooner, KB and De Bellis, MD},
Title = {BRAIN CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH LIFE EVENTS AND ALCOHOL USE: A
LATENT CLASS ANALYSIS WITH THE NCANDA SAMPLE},
Journal = {Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research},
Volume = {42},
Pages = {315A-315A},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds351018}
}
@misc{fds351019,
Author = {Rock, J and Geier, CF and Noll, JG and De Bellis,
MD},
Title = {Developmental Traumatology: Brain Development in Maltreated
Children With and Without PTSD},
Pages = {45-56},
Publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
Year = {2018},
ISBN = {9783319725888},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72589-5_4},
Doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-72589-5_4},
Key = {fds351019}
}
@misc{fds351020,
Author = {Hasler, BP and Franzen, PL and de Zambotti, M and Prouty, D and Brown,
SA and Tapert, SF and Pfefferbaum, A and Pohl, K and Sullivan, EV and De
Bellis, MD and Nagel, BJ and Baker, FC and Colrain, IM and Clark,
DB},
Title = {2.1 Circadian Preference and Sleep Timing Predict Risk for
Substance Use in Adolescence: Initial Findings From the
Ncanda Study},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {56},
Number = {10},
Pages = {S303-S303},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2017},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2017.07.584},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2017.07.584},
Key = {fds351020}
}
@misc{fds351021,
Author = {Tapert, SF and Sullivan, EV and De Bellis, MD and Eberson,
S},
Title = {THE NATIONAL CONSORTIUM ON ALCOHOL AND NEURODEVELOPMENT IN
ADOLESCENCE (NCANDA) CLINICAL AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL
ASSESSMENT BATTERY},
Journal = {Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research},
Volume = {41},
Pages = {294A-294A},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2017},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds351021}
}
@misc{fds351022,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Clark, DB and Brumback, T and Cummins, K and Tapert,
SF and Brown, SA},
Title = {ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES, ALCOHOL USE, AND BRAIN
STRUCTURE: BASELINE NCANDA FINDINGS},
Journal = {Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research},
Volume = {40},
Pages = {252A-252A},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds351022}
}
@misc{fds351023,
Author = {Pfefferbaum, A and Pohl, KM and Brown, SA and Tapert, SF and Clark, DB and De Bellis, MD and Nagel, B and Colrain, IM and Baker, FC and Sullivan,
EV},
Title = {AGE, SEX, DRINKING, AND THE ADOLESCENT BRAIN CORTEX: INITIAL
FINDINGS FROM NATIONAL CONSORTIUM ON ALCOHOL &
NEURODEVELOPMENT IN ADOLESCENCE},
Journal = {Alcohol and Alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire)},
Volume = {50},
Pages = {1 pages},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS},
Year = {2015},
Month = {September},
Key = {fds351023}
}
@misc{fds351024,
Author = {Pfefferbaum, A and Rohlfing, T and Brown, SA and Tapert, SF and Clark,
DB and De Bellis, MD and Nagel, B and Colrain, IM and Baker, FC and Pohl,
KM and Sullivan, EV},
Title = {DIFFERENCES IN ADOLESCENT BRAIN CORTEX RELATED TO AGE AND
SEX: INITIAL FINDINGS FROM NATIONAL CONSORTIUM ON ALCOHOL &
NEURODEVELOPMENT IN ADOLESCENCE},
Journal = {Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research},
Volume = {39},
Pages = {277A-277A},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds351024}
}
@misc{fds351025,
Author = {Pohl, KM and Rohlfing, T and Brown, SA and Tapert, SF and Clark, DB and De
Bellis, MD and Nagel, B and Colrain, IM and Baker, FC and Sullivan, EV and Pfefferbaum, A},
Title = {AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN ADOLESCENT BRAIN MICROSTRUCTURE:
INITIAL FINDINGS FROM NATIONAL CONSORTIUM ON ALCOHOL &
NEURODEVELOPMENT IN ADOLESCENCE},
Journal = {Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research},
Volume = {39},
Pages = {277A-277A},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds351025}
}
@misc{fds351026,
Author = {Baker, FC and Hasler, B and Colrain, IM and Clark, DB and De Bellis, MD and Nagel, B and Brown, SA and Rohlfing, T and Nichols, BN and Chu, W and Hooper, SR and Prouty, D and Fama, R and Pfefferbaum, A and Tapert, SF and Sullivan, EV},
Title = {AGE & SEX DIFFERENCES IN COGNITIVE, MOTOR & SLEEP INDICES:
INITIAL FINDINGS OF THE NATIONAL CONSORTIUM ON ALCOHOL &
NEURODEVELOPMENT IN ADOLESCENCE},
Journal = {Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research},
Volume = {39},
Pages = {277A-277A},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds351026}
}
@misc{fds351027,
Author = {Tapert, SF and Brumback, T and Tomlinson, K and Cummins, K and Baker,
FC and Clark, DB and Colrain, IM and De Bellis, MD and Nagel, B and Chu, W and Rohlfing, T and Pohl, KM and Sullivan, EV and Pfefferbaum, A and Brown,
SA},
Title = {NATIONAL CONSORTIUM ON ALCOHOL & NEURODEVELOPMENT IN
ADOLESCENCE: CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SAMPLE},
Journal = {Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research},
Volume = {39},
Pages = {277A-277A},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds351027}
}
@misc{fds351028,
Author = {King, K and Rudser, K and Kovac, V and Nestrasil, I and Yund, B and Delaney, K and De Bellis, MD and Whitley, CB and Shapiro,
E},
Title = {Attention and corpus callosum volumes in individuals with
Hurler and Hurler-Scheie syndromes and controls},
Journal = {Molecular Genetics and Metabolism},
Volume = {111},
Number = {2},
Pages = {S60-S61},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2014},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.12.133},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.12.133},
Key = {fds351028}
}
@misc{fds351029,
Author = {De Bellis, MD},
Title = {The Neurobiology of PTSD Symptoms in Maltreated Children and
Adolescents},
Journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology},
Volume = {38},
Pages = {S22-S22},
Publisher = {NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP},
Year = {2013},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds351029}
}
@misc{fds351032,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Hooper, SR and MacFall, J and Payne,
M},
Title = {DTI Studies of Pediatric Maltreatment Related
PTSD},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {67},
Number = {9},
Pages = {118S-118S},
Publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC},
Year = {2010},
Month = {May},
Key = {fds351032}
}
@misc{fds351033,
Author = {De Bellis, MD and Van Voorhees and E and Hooper, SR and MacFall,
J},
Title = {Diffusion tensor imaging of the corpus callosum in
adolescents with alcohol use disorders},
Journal = {Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research},
Volume = {32},
Number = {6},
Pages = {287A-287A},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2008},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds351033}
}
@misc{fds351034,
Author = {Yaxley, RH and Van Voorhees and EE and Huettel, SA and De Bellis,
MD},
Title = {Brain activation during decisions involving behavioral risk:
Adolescents v. adults},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {63},
Number = {7},
Pages = {79S-79S},
Publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC},
Year = {2008},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds351034}
}
@misc{fds351035,
Author = {Crozier, JC and De Bellis, MD},
Title = {Neural correlates of emotion and cognition in children and
adolescents},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {61},
Number = {8},
Pages = {29S-29S},
Publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC},
Year = {2007},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds351035}
}
| |
Duke University * Arts & Sciences * Faculty * Staff * Grad * Postdocs * Reload * Login | ||
