Publications of Ruth S. Day    :chronological  alphabetical  combined listing:

%% Journal Articles   
@article{fds251674,
   Author = {Day, RS and Hubal, RH and Byerly, WB},
   Title = {Alternative representations of side effects},
   Journal = {Applied Cognitive Psychology},
   Year = {2010},
   ISSN = {(reviewed and under revision)},
   Keywords = {alternative representations, side effects, memory, knowledge
             structures},
   Key = {fds251674}
}

@article{fds251675,
   Author = {Hubal, RC and Day, RS},
   Title = {Informed consent procedures: an experimental test using a
             virtual character in a dialog systems training
             application.},
   Journal = {Journal of biomedical informatics},
   Volume = {39},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {532-540},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {October},
   ISSN = {1532-0464},
   url = {http://www.elsevier.com/locate/yjbin},
   Keywords = {learning-by-doing • virtual reality •
             human-computer interaction • informed consent •
             psycholinguistics • comprehension},
   Abstract = {Researchers are generally trained to administer informed
             consent by studying approved guidelines, but still can fail
             to satisfactorily answer questions from potential
             participants. An application using a virtual character
             allowed novice participants to practice administering
             informed consent. This character was designed to behave as a
             potential participant for a study and asked many of the
             questions research participants typically ask, such as
             queries about the study itself, the sponsor, timing,
             selection procedures, confidentiality, voluntariness,
             benefits and risks, and contact information. The user
             responded to the character's queries as if speaking with a
             true potential research participant. The application was
             effective even after only brief usage. In a laboratory
             experiment, novice participants who practiced with the
             virtual character were later more effective in conducting
             informed consent interviews with a human interviewee than
             those who were trained only with written materials. Thus,
             simulated learning-by-doing improved informed consent
             skills. Implications for related health dialog applications
             are discussed.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.jbi.2005.12.006},
   Key = {fds251675}
}

@article{fds251672,
   Author = {Day, RS},
   Title = {Comprehension of prescription drug information: Overview of
             a research program},
   Journal = {AAAI Spring Symposium - Technical Report},
   Volume = {SS-06-01},
   Series = {Argumentation for Consumer Healthcare},
   Pages = {24-33},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {August},
   url = {http://aaai.org},
   Keywords = {Medical cognition • Memory • Comprehension •
             Prescription drugs • Benefits and risks •
             Argumentation},
   Abstract = {Both patients and healthcare professionals must understand
             information about prescription drugs to help them use
             medications in a safe and effective manner. However drug
             information materials can be difficult to understand - they
             can be long, detailed, technical, and complex. Comprehension
             problems can increase the chances that ineffective treatment
             or medication errors will occur. This paper presents an
             overview of a large-scale research program on how people
             understand drug information, especially benefits and risks.
             It describes basic cognitive principles used to evaluate
             drug information and shows ways to make it easier to
             understand and use. Two key concepts underlie this work,
             cognitive accessibility and alternative representations.
             They are described and illustrated with sample experiments
             on comprehension of pharmacy leaflets, TV ads, medication
             schedules, and side effects.},
   Key = {fds251672}
}

@article{fds251673,
   Author = {Hubal, R and Day, RS},
   Title = {Understanding the frequency and severity of side effects:
             Linguistic, numeric, and visual representations},
   Journal = {AAAI Spring Symposium - Technical Report},
   Volume = {SS-06-01},
   Pages = {69-75},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {August},
   Abstract = {Side effects for prescription drugs vary in their severity
             and frequency of occurrence. Understanding the status of a
             given drug on both these dimensions is important for
             physicians during the prescribing process, for regulators
             and industry in the approval and safety review process, and
             for patients in the compliance process. There is a wide
             variety of terms used to describe severity and frequency
             information in both professional information sources (such
             as the approved label) and patient sources (such as pharmacy
             leaflets). The experiments reported here examine how people
             understand these terms, whether laypersons interpret them in
             the same ways as professionals, and the consequences of
             providing terms in alternative linguistic, numeric, and
             visual forms. This work holds implications for risk
             communication for healthcare providers and patients, the
             needs of low-literacy and low-numeracy audiences, and health
             literacy in general. Copyright © 2006, American Association
             for Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org). All rights
             reserved.},
   Key = {fds251673}
}

@article{fds251676,
   Author = {Hubal, R and Day, RS},
   Title = {Understanding the Frequency and Severity of Side Effects:
             Patients vs. Medical Experts},
   Journal = {American Association of Artificial Intelligence},
   Year = {2006},
   Abstract = {Terminology that describes side effects, used in
             prescription drug information literature such as the
             Physicians Desk Reference and patient leaflets, includes
             many frequency and severity terms. Decisions made by medical
             professionals regarding side effects depend on their
             interpretations of these terms. However, decisions made by
             patients regarding side effects depend on their
             interpretations, too. In this paper we describe experiments
             that examine patients’ understanding of frequency and
             severity information and compare their understanding with
             information in the medical literature. We present
             implications for systems designed to interact directly with
             patients as well as healthcare workers and
             caregivers.},
   Key = {fds251676}
}

@article{fds251669,
   Author = {Hubal, RC and Guinn, CI and Sparrow, DC and Studer, EJ and Day, RS and Visscher, WA},
   Title = {A synthetic character application for informed
             consent},
   Journal = {AAAI Fall Symposium - Technical Report},
   Volume = {FS-04-04},
   Series = {Dialogue Systems for Health Communication},
   Pages = {58-63},
   Publisher = {ACM Press},
   Address = {New York},
   Year = {2004},
   Month = {December},
   Abstract = {We developed an application using synthetic character
             technology to allow users to practice administering informed
             consent. The target audience for this application is health
             communications researchers, field interviewers, and others
             who administer informed consent to research participants.
             The synthetic character was designed to simulate a potential
             participant/respondent in a study who has questions about
             the study, including many of the queries researchers
             typically get from research participants. These queries
             include questions about the sponsor, the content of the
             study, how respondents were selected, confidentiality, how
             much time the study is expected to take, benefits and risks,
             and who to contact for further information. The synthetic
             character appears on the monitor and asks the questions
             audibly. The users must respond to these queries correctly,
             using natural spoken language. The application was developed
             to be easily adaptable to different projects since each
             project will have different specific information to impart
             to participants during informed consent. We describe a brief
             test of the application and plans for further evaluation.
             Copyright © 2004, American Association for Artificial
             Intelligence (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved.},
   Key = {fds251669}
}

@article{fds6093,
   Author = {Day, R.S.},
   Title = {Cognition experiments: Optimizing patient comprehension
             through medicine information},
   Pages = {60-176},
   Booktitle = {Optimizing patient comprehension through medicine
             information leaflets},
   Publisher = {Rockville, MD: U.S. Pharmacopeia},
   Editor = {A.G. Hartzema and S. Tolleson-Rinehart and B. L. Sleath and R. S.
             Day},
   Year = {1999},
   Key = {fds6093}
}

@article{fds251671,
   Author = {Day, RS},
   Title = {Alternative representations},
   Journal = {Psychology of Learning and Motivation - Advances in Research
             and Theory},
   Volume = {22},
   Number = {C},
   Pages = {261-305},
   Booktitle = {The Psychology of Learning and Motivation},
   Publisher = {Elsevier},
   Editor = {G.H. Bower},
   Year = {1988},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0079-7421},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60043-2},
   Abstract = {This chapter presents approaches for studying a
             comprehensive view of the role of representation in human
             cognition. The most fundamental problem confronting
             cognitive psychology is the way to represent theoretically
             the knowledge of a person. A popular approach in studying
             representation is to have subjects perform a task and then
             try to determine the representation they used. This approach
             is often useful, especially when the task is set up to
             examine the contrasting theories of representation. The
             chapter describes alternative representations for the same
             information to assess the way in which different formats
             affect performance. The types of representational formats
             include lists, matrices, outlines, tree diagrams, networks,
             and various types of spatial and pictorial formats. Research
             using the alternative representations approach may provide
             new ways to devise and test theories about the nature of
             human representation. © 1988, Academic Press Inc. All
             rights reserved.},
   Doi = {10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60043-2},
   Key = {fds251671}
}

@article{fds6094,
   Author = {Day, R. S.},
   Title = {Knowledge vs. knowledge structures},
   Volume = {26},
   Pages = {35-56},
   Booktitle = {National Issues in Higher Education},
   Editor = {W. A Cashin},
   Year = {1987},
   Key = {fds6094}
}

@article{fds6096,
   Author = {Day, R. S.},
   Title = {Verbal fluency and the language-bound effect},
   Pages = {57-84},
   Booktitle = {Individual Differences in Language Ability and Language
             Behavior},
   Publisher = {New York: Academic Press},
   Editor = {C. J. Fillmore and D. Kempler and W. S-Y. Wang},
   Year = {1979},
   Key = {fds6096}
}

@article{fds6095,
   Author = {Day, R. S.},
   Title = {Systematic individual differences in information
             processing},
   Pages = {5A-5D},
   Booktitle = {Psychology and Life},
   Publisher = {Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman},
   Editor = {P. G. Zimbardo and F. L. Ruch},
   Year = {1977},
   Key = {fds6095}
}

@article{fds251670,
   Author = {Blechner, MJ and Day, RS and Cutting, JE},
   Title = {Processing two dimensions of nonspeech stimuli: the
             auditory-phonetic distinction reconsidered.},
   Journal = {Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and
             performance},
   Volume = {2},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {257-266},
   Year = {1976},
   Month = {May},
   ISSN = {0096-1523},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0096-1523.2.2.257},
   Abstract = {Nonspeech stimuli were varied along two dimensions--intensity
             and rise time. In a series of speeded classification tasks,
             subjected were asked to identify the stimuli in terms of one
             of these dimensions. Identification time for the dimension
             of rise time increased when there was irrelevant variation
             in intensity; however, identification of intensity was
             unaffected by irrelevant variation in rise time. When the
             two dimensions varied redundantly, identification time
             decreased. This pattern of results is virtually identical to
             that obtained previously for stimuli that vary along a
             linguistic and a nonlinguistic dimension. The present data,
             taken together with those from other studies using the same
             stimuli, suggest that the mechanisms underlying the
             auditory-phonetic distinction should be reconsidered. The
             results are also discussed in terms of general models of
             multidimensional information processing.},
   Doi = {10.1037//0096-1523.2.2.257},
   Key = {fds251670}
}

@article{fds251668,
   Author = {Wood, CC and Day, RS},
   Title = {Failure of selective attention to phonetic segments in
             consonant-vowel syllables},
   Journal = {Perception & Psychophysics},
   Volume = {17},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {346-350},
   Publisher = {Springer Nature},
   Year = {1975},
   Month = {July},
   ISSN = {0031-5117},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03199344},
   Abstract = {Subjects performed a two-choice speeded classification task
             that required selective attention to either the consonant or
             the vowel in synthetic consonant-vowel (CV) syllables. When
             required to attend selectively to the consonant, subjects
             could not ignore irrelevant variation in the vowel.
             Similarly, when required to attend selectively to the vowel,
             they could not ignore irrelevant variation in the consonant.
             These results suggest that information about an initial stop
             consonant and the following vowel is processed as an
             integral unit. © 1975 Psychonomic Society,
             Inc.},
   Doi = {10.3758/BF03199344},
   Key = {fds251668}
}

@article{fds251677,
   Author = {R.S. Day and Wood, CC and Goff, WR and Day, RS},
   Title = {Auditory evoked potentials during speech
             perception.},
   Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
   Volume = {173},
   Number = {4003},
   Pages = {1248-1251},
   Year = {1971},
   Month = {September},
   ISSN = {0036-8075},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.173.4003.1248},
   Abstract = {Neural responses evoked by the same binaural speech signal
             were recorded from ten right-handed subjects during two
             auditory identification tasks. One task required analysis of
             acoustic parameters important for making a linguistic
             distinction, while the other task required analysis of an
             acoustic parameter which provides no linguistic information
             at the phoneme level. In the time interval between stimulus
             onset and the subjects' identification responses, evoked
             potentials from the two tasks were significantly different
             over the left hemisphere but identical over the right
             hemisphere. These results indicate that different neural
             events occur in the left hemisphere during analysis of
             linguistic versus nonlinguistic parameters of the same
             acoustic signal.},
   Doi = {10.1126/science.173.4003.1248},
   Key = {fds251677}
}

@article{fds251667,
   Author = {Horowitz, LM and Day, RS and Light, LL and White,
             MA},
   Title = {Availability growth and latent verbal learning.},
   Journal = {The Journal of general psychology},
   Volume = {78},
   Number = {1 st Half},
   Pages = {65-83},
   Year = {1968},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221309.1968.9710420},
   Doi = {10.1080/00221309.1968.9710420},
   Key = {fds251667}
}

@article{fds251666,
   Author = {Horowitz, LM and Norman, SA and Day, RS},
   Title = {Availability and associative symmetry.},
   Journal = {Psychological review},
   Volume = {73},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {1-15},
   Year = {1966},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0033-295X},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0022661},
   Abstract = {This paper examines the concept of availability and its
             theoretical role in the cognitive processes. An item's
             availability (AV) is operationally defined by the
             probability that S could recall it after a 15-sec delay. (AV
             seems to grow fastest when S produces it from memory. It
             also grows, though not as fast, when S sees the item without
             producing it.) This definition is used to examine the
             principle of associative symmetry, and evidence is presented
             to support it. Sources of asymmetry in natural language are
             examined, and the concept's theoretical implications for
             memory and though are discussed. (38 ref.) (PsycINFO
             Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1966
             American Psychological Association.},
   Doi = {10.1037/h0022661},
   Key = {fds251666}
}


%% Chapters in Books   
@misc{fds38477,
   Author = {Day, R.S.},
   Title = {Cognitive accessibility of drug information: Mandatory
             medication guides and patient package inserts},
   Publisher = {Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research},
   Year = {2004},
   Key = {fds38477}
}