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| Publications of Timothy J. Strauman :chronological alphabetical combined listing:%% Journal Articles @article{fds371645, Author = {Sharp, C and Kaplan, RM and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {The Use of Ontologies to Accelerate the Behavioral Sciences: Promises and Challenges}, Journal = {Current Directions in Psychological Science}, Volume = {32}, Number = {5}, Pages = {418-426}, Publisher = {SAGE Publications}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09637214231183917}, Abstract = {Behavioral scientists produce a vast amount of research every year yet struggle to produce cumulative knowledge that is easily translated in applied settings. This article summarizes a National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine consensus report on the development and use of ontologies to accelerate the behavioral sciences. The report examines key challenges in the behavioral and psychological sciences motivating an evaluation of ontology use and development in the behavioral sciences. The advantages of ontologies, including enhanced organization and retrieval of research evidence, improved scientific communication, reduction of duplication, and enhanced scientific replicability, are highlighted. Challenges that may impede the development and use of ontologies in the behavioral sciences are also considered. The article concludes with future directions for fulfilling the promise of ontologies to accelerate the behavioral and psychological sciences.}, Doi = {10.1177/09637214231183917}, Key = {fds371645} } @article{fds372293, Author = {Oyesanya, TO and Loflin, C and You, H and Myers, J and Kandel, M and Johnson, K and Strauman, T and Hawes, J and Byom, L and Gonzalez-Guarda, R and Van Houtven and C and Agarwal, S and Prvu Bettger, J}, Title = {The BETTER Traumatic Brain Injury Transitional Care Intervention: A Feasibility Study.}, Journal = {West J Nurs Res}, Volume = {45}, Number = {10}, Pages = {902-912}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01939459231189786}, Abstract = {This study aimed to investigate the feasibility, acceptability, and clinical outcome measures of BETTER (Brain Injury Education, Training, and Therapy to Enhance Recovery), a culturally tailored traumatic brain injury (TBI) transitional care intervention, among diverse younger adult patients with TBI (age 18-64) and their caregivers. Trained clinical interventionists addressed patient/family needs; established goals; coordinated post-hospital care and resources; and provided patient/family training on self- and family-management coping skills. Fifteen dyads enrolled (N = 31, 15 patients, 16 caregivers). All completed baseline data; 74.2% (n = 23; 10 patients, 13 caregivers) completed 8-week data; 83.8% (n = 26; 13 each) completed 16-week data. Approximately 38% (n = 12, 3 patients, 9 caregivers) completed acceptability data, showing positive experiences (mean = 9.25, range 0-10; SD = 2.01). Overall and mental quality of life (QOL) scores did not differ over time but physical QOL scores did improve over time (baseline: 30.3, 8 weeks: 46.5, 16 weeks: 61.6; p = 0.0056), which was considered to be a suitable outcome measure for a future trial. BETTER is a promising intervention with implications to improve TBI care standards. Research is needed to determine efficacy in a randomized trial.}, Doi = {10.1177/01939459231189786}, Key = {fds372293} } @article{fds370368, Author = {Strauman, TJ and Hariri, AR}, Title = {Revising a Self-Regulation Phenotype for Depression Through Individual Differences in Macroscale Brain Organization.}, Journal = {Current directions in psychological science}, Volume = {32}, Number = {4}, Pages = {267-275}, Publisher = {SAGE Publications}, Year = {2023}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09637214221149742}, Abstract = {<i>Self-regulation</i> denotes the processes by which people initiate, maintain, and control their own thoughts, behaviors, or emotions to produce a desired outcome or avoid an undesired outcome. Self-regulation brings the influence of distal factors such as biology, temperament, and socialization history onto cognition, motivation, and behavior. Dysfunction in self-regulation represents a contributory causal factor for psychopathology. Accordingly, we previously proposed a risk phenotype model for depression drawing from regulatory focus theory and traditional task-based fMRI studies. In this article, we revise and expand our risk phenotype model using insights from new methodologies allowing quantification of individual differences in task-free macroscale brain organization. We offer a set of hypotheses as examples of how examination of intrinsic macroscale brain organization can extend and enrich investigations of self-regulation and depression. In doing so, we hope to promote a useful heuristic for model development and for identifying transdiagnostic risk phenotypes in psychopathology.}, Doi = {10.1177/09637214221149742}, Key = {fds370368} } @article{fds370879, Author = {Oyesanya, TO and Ibemere, SO and Loflin, C and McReynolds, V and Anaya, B and Huang, M and Gonzalez-Guarda, R and Strauman, TJ and Prvu Bettger, J}, Title = {"If you respect me, you are respecting my culture": methods and recommendations for personalizing a TBI transitional care intervention.}, Journal = {Brain Inj}, Volume = {37}, Number = {8}, Pages = {746-757}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2023.2208881}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Despite research, national legislation, and clinical guidelines supporting transitional care, there is minimal benefit from existing transitional care interventions for racial/ethnic minorities with traumatic brain injury (TBI) discharged home from acute hospital care. Existing TBI transitional care interventions are not tailored to address the needs/preferences of patients from various racial/ethnic minority groups. The purpose of this study was to describe use of personalization to tailor a TBI transitional care intervention for various racial/ethnic groups. DESIGN: Following preliminary intervention manual development, a qualitative descriptive study was conducted using eight focus groups with 40 English-and Spanish-speaking participants (12 patients, 12 caregivers, and 16 providers). RESULTS: Three personalization-related themes emerged: 1) what is important to me, 2) finding someone to deliver the intervention who can adapt to my needs, and 3) respect over culture. Findings informed personalization strategies within our final manual. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend researchers who wish to use personalization to tailor interventions to consider: 1) allowing stakeholders to dictate what is most important and 2) implementing an iterative intervention development process with input from diverse stakeholders. Findings have implications for informing the development of transitional care interventions to increase the likelihood that interventions are inclusive of needs and preferences of various races/ethnicities.}, Doi = {10.1080/02699052.2023.2208881}, Key = {fds370879} } @article{fds369949, Author = {Davis, SW and Beynel, L and Neacsiu, AD and Luber, BM and Bernhardt, E and Lisanby, SH and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Network-level dynamics underlying a combined rTMS and psychotherapy treatment for major depressive disorder: An exploratory network analysis.}, Journal = {Int J Clin Health Psychol}, Volume = {23}, Number = {4}, Pages = {100382}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100382}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite the growing use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a treatment for depression, there is a limited understanding of the mechanisms of action and how potential treatment-related brain changes help to characterize treatment response. To address this gap in understanding we investigated the effects of an approach combining rTMS with simultaneous psychotherapy on global functional connectivity. METHOD: We compared task-related functional connectomes based on an idiographic goal priming task tied to emotional regulation acquired before and after simultaneous rTMS/psychotherapy treatment for patients with major depressive disorders and compared these changes to normative connectivity patterns from a set of healthy volunteers (HV) performing the same task. RESULTS: At baseline, compared to HVs, patients demonstrated hyperconnectivity of the DMN, cerebellum and limbic system, and hypoconnectivity of the fronto-parietal dorsal-attention network and visual cortex. Simultaneous rTMS/psychotherapy helped to normalize these differences, which were reduced after treatment. This finding suggests that the rTMS/therapy treatment regularizes connectivity patterns in both hyperactive and hypoactive brain networks. CONCLUSIONS: These results help to link treatment to a comprehensive model of the neurocircuitry underlying depression and pave the way for future studies using network-guided principles to significantly improve rTMS efficacy for depression.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100382}, Key = {fds369949} } @article{fds374569, Author = {Smith, PJ and Whitson, HE and Merwin, RM and O'Hayer, CV and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Engineering Virtuous health habits using Emotion and Neurocognition: Flexibility for Lifestyle Optimization and Weight management (EVEN FLOW).}, Journal = {Front Aging Neurosci}, Volume = {15}, Pages = {1256430}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1256430}, Abstract = {Interventions to preserve functional independence in older adults are critically needed to optimize 'successful aging' among the large and increasing population of older adults in the United States. For most aging adults, the management of chronic diseases is the most common and impactful risk factor for loss of functional independence. Chronic disease management inherently involves the learning and adaptation of new behaviors, such as adopting or modifying physical activity habits and managing weight. Despite the importance of chronic disease management in older adults, vanishingly few individuals optimally manage their health behavior in the service of chronic disease stabilization to preserve functional independence. Contemporary conceptual models of chronic disease management and health habit theory suggest that this lack of optimal management may result from an underappreciated distinction within the health behavior literature: the behavioral domains critical for initiation of new behaviors (Initiation Phase) are largely distinct from those that facilitate their maintenance (Maintenance Phase). Psychological factors, particularly experiential acceptance and trait levels of openness are critical to engagement with new health behaviors, willingness to make difficult lifestyle changes, and the ability to tolerate aversive affective responses in the process. Cognitive factors, particularly executive function, are critical to learning new skills, using them effectively across different areas of life and contextual demands, and updating of skills to facilitate behavioral maintenance. Emerging data therefore suggests that individuals with greater executive function are better able to sustain behavior changes, which in turn protects against cognitive decline. In addition, social and structural supports of behavior change serve a critical buffering role across phases of behavior change. The present review attempts to address these gaps by proposing a novel biobehavioral intervention framework that incorporates both individual-level and social support system-level variables for the purpose of treatment tailoring. Our intervention framework triangulates on the central importance of self-regulatory functioning, proposing that both cognitive and psychological mechanisms ultimately influence an individuals' ability to engage in different aspects of self-management (individual level) in the service of maintaining independence. Importantly, the proposed linkages of cognitive and affective functioning align with emerging individual difference frameworks, suggesting that lower levels of cognitive and/or psychological flexibility represent an intermediate phenotype of risk. Individuals exhibiting self-regulatory lapses either due to the inability to regulate their emotional responses or due to the presence of executive functioning impairments are therefore the most likely to require assistance to preserve functional independence. In addition, these vulnerabilities will be more easily observable for individuals requiring greater complexity of self-management behavioral demands (e.g. complexity of medication regimen) and/or with lesser social support. Our proposed framework also intuits several distinct intervention pathways based on the profile of self-regulatory behaviors: we propose that individuals with intact affect regulation and impaired executive function will preferentially respond to 'top-down' training approaches (e.g., strategy and process work). Individuals with intact executive function and impaired affect regulation will respond to 'bottom-up' approaches (e.g., graded exposure). And individuals with impairments in both may require treatments targeting caregiving or structural supports, particularly in the context of elevated behavioral demands.}, Doi = {10.3389/fnagi.2023.1256430}, Key = {fds374569} } @article{fds368526, Author = {Sung, SC and Lim, L and Lim, SH and Finkelstein, EA and Chin, SLH and Annathurai, A and Chakraborty, B and Strauman, TJ and Pollack, MH and Ong, MEH}, Title = {Protocol for a multi-site randomized controlled trial of a stepped-care intervention for emergency department patients with panic-related anxiety.}, Journal = {BMC Psychiatry}, Volume = {22}, Number = {1}, Pages = {795}, Year = {2022}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04387-z}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Approximately 40% of Emergency Department (ED) patients with chest pain meet diagnostic criteria for panic-related anxiety, but only 1-2% are correctly diagnosed and appropriately managed in the ED. A stepped-care model, which focuses on providing evidence-based interventions in a resource-efficient manner, is the state-of-the art for treating panic disorder patients in medical settings such as primary care. Stepped-care has yet to be tested in the ED setting, which is the first point of contact with the healthcare system for most patients with panic symptoms. METHODS: This multi-site randomized controlled trial (RCT) aims to evaluate the clinical, patient-centred, and economic effectiveness of a stepped-care intervention in a sample of 212 patients with panic-related anxiety presenting to the ED of Singapore's largest public healthcare group. Participants will be randomly assigned to either: 1) an enhanced care arm consisting of a stepped-care intervention for panic-related anxiety; or 2) a control arm consisting of screening for panic attacks and panic disorder. Screening will be followed by baseline assessments and blocked randomization in a 1:1 ratio. Masked follow-up assessments will be conducted at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Clinical outcomes will be panic symptom severity and rates of panic disorder. Patient-centred outcomes will be health-related quality of life, daily functioning, psychiatric comorbidity, and health services utilization. Economic effectiveness outcomes will be the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of the stepped-care intervention relative to screening alone. DISCUSSION: This trial will examine the impact of early intervention for patients with panic-related anxiety in the ED setting. The results will be used to propose a clinically-meaningful and cost-effective model of care for ED patients with panic-related anxiety. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03632356. Retrospectively registered 15 August 2018.}, Doi = {10.1186/s12888-022-04387-z}, Key = {fds368526} } @article{fds366143, Author = {Porter, LS and Ramos, K and Baucom, DH and Steinhauser, K and Erkanli, A and Strauman, TJ and Zafar, SY and Check, DK and Leo, K and Liu, E and Keefe, FJ}, Title = {Evaluating a couple communication skills training (CCST) intervention for advanced cancer: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.}, Journal = {Trials}, Volume = {23}, Number = {1}, Pages = {712}, Year = {2022}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13063-022-06656-4}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: For patients and their intimate partners, advanced cancer poses significant challenges that can negatively impact both individuals and their relationship. Prior studies have found evidence that couple-based communication skills interventions can to be beneficial for patients and partners. However, these studies have been limited by reliance on in-person treatment delivery and have not targeted couples at high risk for poor outcomes. This study tests the efficacy of a Couples Communication Skills Training (CCST) intervention delivered via videoconference for couples reporting high levels of holding back from discussing cancer-related concerns, a variable associated with poorer psychological and relationship functioning. METHODS: This RCT is designed to evaluate the efficacy of CCST in improving patient and partner relationship functioning (primary outcome). Secondary outcomes include patient and partner psychological functioning and patient symptoms and health care use. We also examine the role of objective and self-reported communication behaviors as mediators of treatment effects. Two hundred thirty patients with advanced lung, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and breast cancer and their partners will be randomized to CCST or an education control intervention. Participants in both conditions complete self-reported outcome measures at baseline, mid-treatment, post-treatment, and 3 months post-treatment. Objective measures of communication are derived from video-recorded couple conversations collected at baseline and post-treatment. An implementation-related process evaluation (assessing implementation outcomes and potential barriers to/facilitators of implementation) will be conducted to inform future efforts to implement CCST in real-world settings. DISCUSSION: This trial can yield important new knowledge about effective ways to improve patient and partner adjustment to advanced cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (Trial # NCT04590885); registration date: October 19, 2020.}, Doi = {10.1186/s13063-022-06656-4}, Key = {fds366143} } @article{fds365865, Author = {Cass, K and Bocklage, C and Sulkowski, T and Graves, C and Ghaltakhchyan, N and Rapolla, A and Jackson, T and Divaris, K and Wiesen, C and Strauman, T and Jacox, L}, Title = {Patient and Caregiver Perceptions of Animal Assisted Activity in Orthodontics.}, Journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI}, Volume = {12}, Number = {14}, Pages = {1862}, Year = {2022}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12141862}, Abstract = {Dental anxiety affects up to 21% of children and 80% of adults and is associated with lifelong dental avoidance. Animal assisted activity (AAA) is widely used to reduce anxiety and pain in medical settings and has promise in dentistry. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate caregiver and patient perceptions of canine AAA in orthodontics. A cross-sectional survey consisting of pre-tested and validated questions was conducted (<i>n</i> = 800) including orthodontic patients (<i>n</i> = 352 minors, <i>n</i> = 204 adults) and parents/caregivers (<i>n</i> = 244) attending university orthodontic clinics. In this study, AAA and dog therapy were not used or tested for dental anxiety management. More than a third of orthodontic patients (37%) had moderate or greater anxiety related to care. Participants believed that therapy animals would make dental experiences more enjoyable (75%) and reduce anxiety (82%). There was little to no concern expressed regarding cleanliness (83%), allergies (81%), and safety (89%) with a therapy animal in dental settings. Almost half of the participants would preferentially select an orthodontic office offering AAA. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, we assessed whether perceptions of AAA changed before and after the shutdown of dental offices, with no significant differences. Across patients and caregivers, the responses support the use of AAA in orthodontic settings with minimal concerns.}, Doi = {10.3390/ani12141862}, Key = {fds365865} } @article{fds362669, Author = {Gee, DG and DeYoung, KA and McLaughlin, KA and Tillman, RM and Barch, DM and Forbes, EE and Krueger, RF and Strauman, TJ and Weierich, MR and Shackman, AJ}, Title = {Training the Next Generation of Clinical Psychological Scientists: A Data-Driven Call to Action.}, Journal = {Annual review of clinical psychology}, Volume = {18}, Pages = {43-70}, Year = {2022}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-092500}, Abstract = {The central goal of clinical psychology is to reduce the suffering caused by mental health conditions. Anxiety, mood, psychosis, substance use, personality, and other mental disorders impose an immense burden on global public health and the economy. Tackling this burden will require the development and dissemination of intervention strategies that are more effective, sustainable, and equitable. Clinical psychology is uniquely poised to serve as a transdisciplinary hub for this work. But rising to this challengerequires an honest reckoning with the strengths and weaknesses of current training practices. Building on new data, we identify the most important challenges to training the next generation of clinical scientists. We provide specific recommendations for the full spectrum of stakeholders-from funders, accreditors, and universities to program directors, faculty, and students-with an emphasis on sustainable solutions that promote scientific rigor and discovery and enhance the mental health of clinical scientists and the public alike.}, Doi = {10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-092500}, Key = {fds362669} } @article{fds362428, Author = {Oyesanya, TO and Loflin, C and You, H and Kandel, M and Johnson, K and Strauman, T and Yang, Q and Hawes, J and Byom, L and Gonzalez-Guarda, R and Van Houtven and C and Agarwal, S and Bettger, JP}, Title = {Design, methods, and baseline characteristics of the Brain Injury Education, Training, and Therapy to Enhance Recovery (BETTER) feasibility study: a transitional care intervention for younger adult patients with traumatic brain injury and caregivers.}, Journal = {Curr Med Res Opin}, Volume = {38}, Number = {5}, Pages = {697-710}, Year = {2022}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03007995.2022.2043657}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: We developed a patient- and family-centered traumatic brain injury (TBI) transitional care intervention, called BETTER (Brain Injury Education, Training, and Therapy to Enhance Recovery), to improve quality of life (via SF-36) of younger TBI patients of different racial groups discharged home from acute hospital care and caregivers. We describe our design, methods, and baseline characteristics for our feasibility study. METHODS: We co-developed BETTER with input from key stakeholders (TBI patients and caregivers, healthcare providers, and interdisciplinary research team members). BETTER is guided by the Individual and Family Self-Management Theory, our team's prior research, as well as literature used to support, educate, and train patients and families recovering from TBI and other conditions. The intervention is delivered by trained clinical interventionists (transitional care managers), beginning 24-72 h pre-discharge to 16 weeks post-discharge. BETTER offers tailored transitional care support to patient/family dyads, including assessing needs; establishing goals; coordinating post-hospital care, services, and resources; and providing patient/family education and training on brain injury coping skills. The majority of the intervention is delivered remotely via phone and remote video conferencing platform (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04584554). RESULTS: We enrolled 15 dyads (N = 31, 15 patients, 16 caregivers) in this single arm, single center feasibility study. Most patients were men (n = 11, 73.33%), had a mean age of 39.07 (SD: 15.15), and were Black (n = 9, 60%), White (n = 5, 33.3%), or American Indian (n = 1, 0.66%). Injury severities were mild (n = 6, 40%), moderate (n = 4, 26.6%) or severe (n = 5, 33.33%). Most patients were insured (n = 10; 66.7%), had a high school education (n = 6; 40%); and earned $30,000 or less per year (n = 11; 73.3%). Most caregivers were married (n = 9, 56.25%) women (n = 14, 87.5%) with a mean age of 43.38 (SD: 10.45) and were Black (n = 8, 50%), White (n = 7, 43.75%), or American Indian (n = 1, 0.62%). Most caregivers identified as the spouse (n = 7; 43.75%) or parent (n = 6; 37.5%) of the patient. CONCLUSIONS: BETTER is among the first TBI transitional care intervention to address needs/preferences for younger TBI patients of different racial groups after discharge home from acute hospital care and families. Findings can be used to inform future work.}, Doi = {10.1080/03007995.2022.2043657}, Key = {fds362428} } @article{fds372671, Author = {Hoyle, RH and Weeks, MS and Stutts, LA and Asher, SR and Leary, MR and Strauman, TJ and Blomquist, KIK and Pontari, BA and Stetler, CA and Terrell, DF}, Title = {Correction to: The Student Resilience and Well-Being Project: Opportunities, Challenges, and Lessons Learned (International Journal of Community Well-Being, (2021), 4, 4, (669-690), 10.1007/s42413-021-00138-2)}, Journal = {International Journal of Community Well-Being}, Volume = {4}, Number = {4}, Pages = {691}, Year = {2021}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42413-021-00143-5}, Abstract = {In this article The Student Resilience and Well-Being Project Research Group3 members are (in alphabetical order by institution and last name) Lauren A. Stutts (Department of Health and Human Values, Davidson College); Steven R. Asher, Rick H. Hoyle, Mark R. Leary, Timothy J. Strauman, and Molly S. Weeks (Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University); Kerstin K. Blomquist, Beth A. Pontari, and Cinnamon A. Stetler (Department of Psychology, Furman University); and Debra F. Terrell (Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Johnson C. Smith University) The original article has been updated.}, Doi = {10.1007/s42413-021-00143-5}, Key = {fds372671} } @article{fds356934, Author = {Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Modeling the onset of a depressive episode: A self-regulation perspective.}, Journal = {Current opinion in psychology}, Volume = {41}, Pages = {100-106}, Year = {2021}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.04.003}, Abstract = {Major depression is an episodic disorder which, for many individuals, has its onset in a distinct change of emotional state which then persists over time. The present article explores the utility of combining a dynamical systems approach to depression, focusing specifically on the change of state associated with episode onset, with a self-regulation perspective, which operationalizes how feedback received in the ongoing process of goal pursuit influences affect, motivation, and behavior, for understanding how a depressive episode begins. The goals of this review are to survey the recent literature modeling the onset of a depressive episode and to illustrate how a self-regulation perspective can provide a conceptual framework and testable hypotheses regarding episode onset within a dynamical systems model of depression.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.04.003}, Key = {fds356934} } @article{fds351436, Author = {Lantz Lesser and E and Smith, KE and Strauman, TJ and Crosby, RD and Engel, SG and Crow, SJ and Peterson, CB and Wonderlich, SA}, Title = {Relationships between nonappearance self-discrepancy, weight discrepancy, and binge eating disorder symptoms.}, Journal = {Eating and weight disorders : EWD}, Volume = {26}, Number = {5}, Pages = {1571-1580}, Year = {2021}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40519-020-00975-8}, Abstract = {<h4>Purpose</h4>Self-discrepancy (i.e., perceived differences between one's actual self and personal standards) has been associated with binge eating disorder (BED) symptoms. However, little is known about how weight discrepancy (i.e., the difference between one's actual and ideal weights) interacts with or is distinguished from nonappearance self-discrepancy (discrepancy unrelated to weight or shape) in predicting BED severity. The current study examined how these two forms of discrepancy independently and interactively relate to BED and associated symptoms to elucidate how facets of self-discrepancy may operate to precipitate and maintain BED.<h4>Methods</h4>Adults with BED (N = 111) completed questionnaires and interviews prior to treatment that assessed self-discrepancy (computerized selves) and weight discrepancy (assessed during the Eating Disorder Examination [EDE]) as predictors of global eating disorder (ED) symptomatology (EDE Global score), depression (Beck Depression Inventory), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), and ED-related impairment (Clinical Impairment Assessment).<h4>Results</h4>Multivariate regression models indicated nonappearance self-discrepancy and weight discrepancy were not significantly related to the severity of global ED symptoms, but both independently predicted impairment (ps < 0.05). Nonappearance self-discrepancy, but not weight discrepancy, was also associated with higher depression (p = 0.001), anxiety (p < 0.001), and lower self-esteem (p < 0.001).<h4>Conclusion</h4>These findings suggest distinct associations of weight discrepancy and nonappearance self-discrepancy with ED and related symptoms, as well as each of these constructs' relevance to everyday functioning in BED. The results also highlight potential avenues for future research to examine mechanistic pathways by which self-discrepancy influences BED severity.<h4>Level of evidence</h4>V, descriptive cross-sectional study.}, Doi = {10.1007/s40519-020-00975-8}, Key = {fds351436} } @article{fds355444, Author = {Romer, AL and Hariri, AR and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Regulatory focus and the p factor: Evidence for self-regulatory dysfunction as a transdiagnostic feature of general psychopathology.}, Journal = {Journal of psychiatric research}, Volume = {137}, Pages = {178-185}, Year = {2021}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.02.051}, Abstract = {A general psychopathology ('p') factor captures transdiagnostic features of mental illness; however, the meaning of the p factor remains unclear. Regulatory focus theory postulates that individuals regulate goal pursuit either by maximizing gains (promotion) or minimizing losses (prevention). As maladaptive goal pursuit has been associated with multiple categorical disorders, we examined whether individual differences in promotion and prevention goal pursuit are associated with p as well as internalizing- and externalizing-specific factors using structural equation modeling of data from 1330 volunteers aged 18-22. Unsuccessful attainment of promotion and prevention goals was related to increased levels of p. Over and above relations with the p factor, unsuccessful attainment of promotion goals was associated with higher internalizing-specific psychopathology, whereas unsuccessful attainment of prevention goals was related to higher externalizing-specific psychopathology. These associations also were separable from related personality traits. After controlling for sex differences in the composition of the psychopathology factors, there were no sex differences in the relations between promotion and prevention goal pursuit and p and specific internalizing and externalizing factors. These findings suggest higher general psychopathology reflects poorer overall self-regulation of goal pursuit and that maladaptive promotion and prevention orientations also are associated with internalizing- and externalizing-specific psychopathology, respectively.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.02.051}, Key = {fds355444} } @article{fds354340, Author = {Datta, N and Bidopia, T and Datta, S and Mittal, G and Alphin, F and Herbert, BM and Marsh, EJ and Fitzsimons, GJ and Strauman, TJ and Zucker, NL}, Title = {Internal states and interoception along a spectrum of eating disorder symptomology.}, Journal = {Physiol Behav}, Volume = {230}, Pages = {113307}, Year = {2021}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113307}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Recent studies on atypical interoceptive capabilities have focused on clinical populations, including anorexia nervosa[1,2]. The present exploratory study aims to characterize the influence of disordered eating symptomology on interoceptive capabilities in college students, a population for which dangerous dieting behaviors may emerge. METHOD: Ninety-nine participants were randomized to consume a blinded high calorie or low calorie midday shake. Participants reported frequency of eating disorder cognitions and behaviors; indicated changes in satiety, happiness, and energy pre- and post-consumption; and guessed the calories in their shake. Outcomes (perceived satiety, changes in mood, and caloric guess) were regressed on eating disorder symptoms scores, the high/low calorie shake condition, and the interaction between these predictors. RESULTS: Those randomized to receive the high calorie shake reported feeling fuller, but only when endorsing lower levels of eating concern. Those randomized to the high calorie shake reported greater post-meal happiness, but only at greater levels of eating concerns. Lastly, those with lower levels of eating restraint reported an expected positive association between level of fullness and calorie guess, but those with higher levels of eating restraint did not exhibit any relationship between perceived fullness and calorie guess. DISCUSSION: Results of this exploratory suggest that irregular eating habits (e.g., not eating a sufficient amount for lunch) may have direct consequences on interoceptive capabilities. Further, these capacities may be impacted by individual differences in eating concern and restraint. Preliminary findings suggest that impairment in deciphering visceral signals may be associated with the degree of eating disorder symptomology; such impairment may occur at lower levels of symptomatology than normative data would indicate.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113307}, Key = {fds354340} } @article{fds354998, Author = {Callahan, JL and Bell, DJ and Davila, J and Johnson, SL and Strauman, TJ and Yee, CM}, Title = {Inviting ASPPB to address systemic bias and racism: Reply to Turner et al. (2021).}, Journal = {The American psychologist}, Volume = {76}, Number = {1}, Pages = {167-168}, Year = {2021}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/amp0000801}, Abstract = {Turner et al. (2021) subtly relapse in conceptualizing the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (Part 2-Skills) exam as a competency evaluation despite Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards' (ASPPB) prior concession that Part 2 measures only the knowledge of skills (not skill competency). They do not address the purpose of redundant evaluation or the other concerns raised in Callahan et al. (2020). Instead, Turner et al. remain narrowly focused on defense of content validity and a reliance on outdated standards that fail to meet contemporary expectations for assessment of health care professionals. The adopted processes and procedures, albeit time consuming and effortful, are known to be methodologically inadequate. ASPPB's methods demonstrably foster linguistic biases and systemic racism that constricts licensure of diverse individuals as psychologists. Specific suggestions are offered, and ASPPB is urged to take drastic corrective action. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/amp0000801}, Key = {fds354998} } @article{fds362821, Author = {Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Training Opportunities for Challenge-Focused Career Development in Clinical Psychology}, Journal = {Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice}, Volume = {28}, Number = {2}, Pages = {128-130}, Year = {2021}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cps0000024}, Abstract = {Ultimately, all procedures in clinical science come with an expiration date. Whether it is therapeutic practices, assessment techniques, research questions, research measures, or data analytic approaches, all have their moment on center stage and then the spotlight moves elsewhere. If this observation is correct, then we do our students a great disservice by training them primarily to be proceduralists, regardless of whether that involves training them to administer a particular set of empirically supported treatments or to apply a particular set of research methods to a particular set of research questions. In both clinical practice and research, our students are best served if we prepare them to identify problems, synthesize available knowledge, develop solutions, test those solutions, and inspire others to use and advance what they have learned. This is certainly not to say that training should be content or procedure free but, rather, that learning content and mastering procedures should not be the primary goals of doctoral-level clinical science training. (Levenson, 2014, p. 37)}, Doi = {10.1037/cps0000024}, Key = {fds362821} } @article{fds352793, Author = {Franzese, AT and Blalock, DV and Blalock, KM and Wilson, SM and Medenblik, A and Costanzo, PR and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Regulatory Focus and Substance Use in Adolescents: Protective Effects of Prevention Orientation.}, Journal = {Subst Use Misuse}, Volume = {56}, Number = {1}, Pages = {33-38}, Year = {2021}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2020.1833926}, Abstract = {Substance use is a major risk factor for negative health and functioning outcomes among middle schoolers. The purpose of this study was to assess whether individual differences in the adolescents' goal orientation are associated with elevated or attenuated risk for substance use. Regulatory focus theory stipulates that individuals vary in their strength of orientation toward promotion goals ("making good things happen") and prevention goals ("keeping bad things from happening"). Objectives: We sought to examine the association between individual differences in regulatory focus and adolescents' reports of their own and their friends' substance use. Methods: Participants were 241 seventh grade students who completed measures of regulatory focus (promotion and prevention orientation), self-reported substance use, perceived substance use habits of peers, and demographics. Logistic regression models were used to examine adjusted odds of lifetime tobacco use, alcohol use, and marijuana use for both participants' own use and their reports of friends' use. Results: Prevention orientation was associated with lower odds of all self-reported lifetime substance use outcomes (tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana). Prevention orientation was also associated with lower odds of reporting all types of substance use among friends. Promotion orientation was not associated with any self-reported substance use outcome, and was only associated with higher odds of reporting lifetime alcohol use among friends. Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of regulatory focus as it relates to adolescent substance use. Future research may seek to incorporate regulatory focus within interventions intended to prevent or delay initiation of substance use in adolescents.}, Doi = {10.1080/10826084.2020.1833926}, Key = {fds352793} } @article{fds362349, Author = {Langer, SL and Romano, JM and Keefe, F and Baucom, DH and Strauman, T and Syrjala, KL and Bolger, N and Burns, J and Bricker, JB and Todd, M and Baucom, BRW and Fischer, MS and Ghosh, N and Gralow, J and Shankaran, V and Zafar, SY and Westbrook, K and Leo, K and Ramos, K and Weber, DM and Porter, LS}, Title = {Couple Communication in Cancer: Protocol for a Multi-Method Examination.}, Journal = {Front Psychol}, Volume = {12}, Pages = {769407}, Year = {2021}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.769407}, Abstract = {Cancer and its treatment pose challenges that affect not only patients but also their significant others, including intimate partners. Accumulating evidence suggests that couples' ability to communicate effectively plays a major role in the psychological adjustment of both individuals and the quality of their relationship. Two key conceptual models have been proposed to account for how couple communication impacts psychological and relationship adjustment: the social-cognitive processing (SCP) model and the relationship intimacy (RI) model. These models posit different mechanisms and outcomes, and thus have different implications for intervention. The purpose of this project is to test and compare the utility of these models using comprehensive and methodologically rigorous methods. Aims are: (1) to examine the overall fit of the SCP and RI models in explaining patient and partner psychological and relationship adjustment as they occur on a day-to-day basis and over the course of 1 year; (2) to examine the fit of the models for different subgroups (males vs. females, and patients vs. partners); and (3) to examine the utility of various methods of assessing communication by examining the degree to which baseline indices from different measurement strategies predict self-reported adjustment at 1-year follow up. The study employs a longitudinal, multi-method approach to examining communication processes including: standard self-report questionnaires assessing process and outcome variables collected quarterly over the course of 1 year; smartphone-based ecological momentary assessments to sample participant reports in real time; and laboratory-based couple conversations from which we derive observational measures of communicative behavior and affective expression, as well as vocal indices of emotional arousal. Participants are patients with stage II-IV breast, colon, rectal, or lung cancer and their spouses/partners, recruited from two NCI-designated comprehensive cancer centers. Results will be published in scientific journals, presented at scientific conferences, and conveyed to a larger audience through infographics and social media outlets. Findings will inform theory, measurement, and the design and implementation of efficacious interventions aimed at optimizing both patient and partner well-being.}, Doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.769407}, Key = {fds362349} } @article{fds352389, Author = {Datta, N and Bidopia, T and Datta, S and Mittal, G and Alphin, F and Marsh, EJ and Fitzsimons, GJ and Strauman, TJ and Zucker, NL}, Title = {Meal skipping and cognition along a spectrum of restrictive eating.}, Journal = {Eat Behav}, Volume = {39}, Pages = {101431}, Year = {2020}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101431}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Inadequate nutrition adversely impacts brain development and cognitive functioning (Pollitt et al., 1983). Studies examining the acute impact of eating regular meals on cognition have reported inconsistent findings, necessitating the exploration of individual differences in samples contributing to equivocal results. The present study examines the impact of skipping lunch on cognitive ability in college-aged students by including eating restraint as a moderator. METHODS: Participants were 99 college-aged students (M = 19.7 years, SD = 1.5) randomized to a blinded 'lunch' or 'lunch-omission' condition, and assessed on memory, attention, processing speed, set shifting, and eating disorder symptomology. RESULTS: Regressing long and short-term memory on the lunch manipulation, eating restraint scores, and their interaction revealed significant interactions: those who had lunch had superior memory performance, but only for those reporting lower levels of eating restraint. Regressing set shifting speed on the manipulation, those who had lunch had slower set shifting speed than those who skipped, but only for those reporting lower levels of eating restraint. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that skipping lunch may have immediate consequences on cognition, however, cognitive enhancing effects may be diminished in the presence of even low levels of eating restraint. Findings highlight the significance of purported subclinical levels of eating restraint and may inform health education strategies.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101431}, Key = {fds352389} } @article{fds350622, Author = {Peterson, CB and Engel, SG and Crosby, RD and Strauman, T and Smith, TL and Klein, M and Crow, SJ and Mitchell, JE and Erickson, A and Cao, L and Bjorlie, K and Wonderlich, SA}, Title = {Comparing integrative cognitive-affective therapy and guided self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy to treat binge-eating disorder using standard and naturalistic momentary outcome measures: A randomized controlled trial.}, Journal = {The International journal of eating disorders}, Volume = {53}, Number = {9}, Pages = {1418-1427}, Year = {2020}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eat.23324}, Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>Innovative treatments and outcome measures are needed for binge-eating disorder (BED). This randomized controlled trial compared Integrative Cognitive-Affective Therapy (ICAT-BED), an individual psychotherapy targeting momentary behavioral and emotional precipitants of binge eating, with an established cognitive-behavioral guided self-help (CBTgsh) treatment using standard and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) outcome measures.<h4>Method</h4>A total of 112 participants were randomized to 17 weeks of treatment (21 sessions for ICAT-BED and 10 sessions for CBTgsh). Binge-eating frequency was assessed with the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) as well as EMA using cell phone-based real-time, naturalistic assessment at end of treatment (EOT) and 6-month follow-up. Hypothesized maintenance mechanisms were assessed using self-report questionnaires.<h4>Results</h4>Binge-eating frequency as measured by the EDE and real-time assessment showed significant reductions at EOT and follow-up, with no significant differences between treatments. Hypothesized maintenance mechanisms, including emotion regulation, cognitive self-discrepancy, self-directed style, as well as measures of associated eating disorder psychopathology, depression, anxiety, impulsivity, and negative affect, showed similar improvement at EOT and follow-up with no differences between treatments. Abstinence rates at EOT (ICAT-BED: 57.1%; CBTgsh: 42.9%) and 6-month follow-up (ICAT-BED: 46.4%; CBTgsh: 42.9%) were not significantly different. Treatment retention was significantly higher for ICAT-BED (87.5%) than CBTgsh (71.4%).<h4>Discussion</h4>These findings suggest that ICAT-BED and CBTgsh were associated with similar improvements in binge eating, psychopathology, and putative maintenance mechanisms as measured by traditional self-report and momentary, naturalistic assessments and that these changes were generally sustained at 6-month follow-up.}, Doi = {10.1002/eat.23324}, Key = {fds350622} } @article{fds349691, Author = {Detloff, AM and Hariri, AR and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Neural signatures of promotion versus prevention goal priming: fMRI evidence for distinct cognitive-motivational systems.}, Journal = {Personality neuroscience}, Volume = {3}, Pages = {e1}, Year = {2020}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pen.2019.13}, Abstract = {Regulatory focus theory (RFT) postulates two cognitive-motivational systems for personal goal pursuit: the promotion system, which is associated with ideal goals (an individual's hopes, dreams, and aspirations), and the prevention system, which is associated with ought goals (an individual's duties, responsibilities, and obligations). The two systems have been studied extensively in behavioral research with reference to differences between promotion and prevention goal pursuit as well as the consequences of perceived attainment versus nonattainment within each system. However, no study has examined the neural correlates of each combination of goal domain and goal attainment status. We used a rapid masked idiographic goal priming paradigm and functional magnetic resonance imaging to present individually selected promotion and prevention goals, which participants had reported previously that they were close to attaining ("match") or far from attaining ("mismatch"). Across the four priming conditions, significant activations were observed in bilateral insula (Brodmann area (BA) 13) and visual association cortex (BA 18/19). Promotion priming discriminantly engaged left prefrontal cortex (BA 9), whereas prevention priming discriminantly engaged right prefrontal cortex (BA 8/9). Activation in response to promotion goal priming was also correlated with an individual difference measure of perceived success in promotion goal attainment. Our findings extend the construct validity of RFT by showing that the two systems postulated by RFT, under conditions of both attainment and nonattainment, have shared and distinct neural correlates that interface logically with established network models of self-regulatory cognition.}, Doi = {10.1017/pen.2019.13}, Key = {fds349691} } @article{fds348065, Author = {Callahan, JL and Bell, DJ and Davila, J and Johnson, SL and Strauman, TJ and Yee, CM}, Title = {The enhanced examination for professional practice in psychology: A viable approach?}, Journal = {The American psychologist}, Volume = {75}, Number = {1}, Pages = {52-65}, Year = {2020}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/amp0000586}, Abstract = {Health disciplines have increasingly required competency-based evaluations as a licensure prerequisite. In keeping with this trend, the Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards (ASPPB) has begun to develop a second part to the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP). The resulting 2-part examination is collectively referred to as the Enhanced EPPP. Part 1 of the Enhanced EPPP, which consists of the current exam, is designed to be an assessment of knowledge. Part 2 of the Enhanced EPPP is newly developed and intended to address the need for a competency-based evaluation. To date, ASPPB has addressed some standard facets of validity for the EPPP Part 2, but not others. In addition, the EPPP Part 2 has yet to be subjected to a broader validation process, in which the suitability of the test for its intended purpose is evaluated. Implementation of the EPPP Part 2 before validation could have negative consequences for those seeking to enter the profession and for the general public (e.g., potential restriction of diversity in the psychology workforce). For jurisdictions implementing the EPPP Part 2, failure to gather and report the evidence required for use of a test in a forensic context may also open the door for legal challenges. We end with suggestions for feasible research that could significantly enhance the validation process for the EPPP Part 2 and offer jurisdictions concrete suggestions of features to look for in determining whether and when to implement the Enhanced EPPP. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/amp0000586}, Key = {fds348065} } @article{fds346870, Author = {Sanchez, DJ and Strauman, TJ and Compton, S}, Title = {Impact of Student Perceptions of the Educational Program on Burnout in Medical School.}, Journal = {Medical science educator}, Volume = {29}, Number = {4}, Pages = {1077-1087}, Year = {2019}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40670-019-00812-3}, Abstract = {<h4>Introduction</h4>Burnout is considered to be at the opposite end of the continuum from engagement. People who experience burnout first go through various intermediate patterns that lead to burnout, which in medical students is associated with reduced empathy, intention to leave school, and suicidal ideation. Thus, understanding how to mitigate burnout is of primary importance. In this study, we investigate if students' positive perceptions of the educational program's alignment with adult education principles decreased symptoms suggestive of typical patterns of intermediate burnout.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a cross-sectional survey study of all currently enrolled Duke-NUS Medical School students in Singapore (<i>n</i> = 238). An electronic questionnaire contained demographic questions and additional measures for factors known to be associated with burnout, including depression, anxiety, social support, and workload. In addition, we measured students' perceptions of how well the educational program aligned with adult learning principles by using a modified version of the Andragogical Practices Inventory (API) to suit medical education. An intermediate pattern of burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Using logistic regression, we then assessed the unique association between the presence of an intermediate pattern of burnout with students' perceptions of the educational program's alignment with adult learning principles.<h4>Results</h4>The survey response rate was 52%. Overall, 76% (95% CI 67-84%) displayed symptoms suggestive of an intermediate pattern of burnout. Perceptions of the educational program's alignment with adult learning principles were found to be inversely related to the pattern of burnout after controlling for depression, anxiety, and subjective workload.<h4>Discussion and conclusion</h4>Though adult learning theory is the subject of rich debate, the results of this study suggest that promoting educational activities that are aligned with adult learning principles may help to ultimately reduce the risk of burnout in medical school students.}, Doi = {10.1007/s40670-019-00812-3}, Key = {fds346870} } @article{fds341824, Author = {Harris, AA and Romer, AL and Hanna, EK and Keeling, LA and LaBar, KS and Sinnott-Armstrong, W and Strauman, TJ and Wagner, HR and Marcus, MD and Zucker, NL}, Title = {The central role of disgust in disorders of food avoidance.}, Journal = {Int J Eat Disord}, Volume = {52}, Number = {5}, Pages = {543-553}, Year = {2019}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eat.23047}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Individuals with extreme food avoidance such as Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) experience impairing physical and mental health consequences from nutrition of insufficient variety or/and quantity. Identifying mechanisms contributing to food avoidance is essential to develop effective interventions. Anxiety figures prominently in theoretical models of food avoidance; however, there is limited evidence that repeated exposures to foods increases approach behavior in ARFID. Studying disgust, and relationships between disgust and anxiety, may offer novel insights, as disgust is functionally associated with avoidance of contamination from pathogens (as may occur via ingestion) and is largely resistant to extinction. METHOD: This exploratory, cross-sectional study included data from 1,644 adults who completed an online questionnaire. Participant responses were used to measure ARFID classification, picky eating, sensory sensitivity, disgust, and anxiety. Structural equation modeling tested a measurement model of latent disgust and anxiety factors as measured by self-reported frequency of disgust and anxiety reactions. Mediational models were used to explore causal ordering. RESULTS: A latent disgust factor was more strongly related to severity of picky eating (B ≈ 0.4) and ARFID classification (B ≈ 0.6) than the latent anxiety factor (B ≈ 0.1). Disgust partially mediated the association between anxiety and picky eating and fully mediated the association between anxiety and ARFID. Models testing the reverse causal ordering demonstrated poorer fit. Findings suggest anxiety may be associated with food avoidance in part due to increased disgust. CONCLUSIONS: Disgust may play a prominent role in food avoidance. Findings may inform novel approaches to treatment.}, Doi = {10.1002/eat.23047}, Key = {fds341824} } @article{fds341093, Author = {Mason, TB and Smith, KE and Engwall, A and Lass, A and Mead, M and Sorby, M and Bjorlie, K and Strauman, TJ and Wonderlich, S}, Title = {Self-discrepancy theory as a transdiagnostic framework: A meta-analysis of self-discrepancy and psychopathology.}, Journal = {Psychological bulletin}, Volume = {145}, Number = {4}, Pages = {372-389}, Year = {2019}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bul0000186}, Abstract = {Self-discrepancy theory (SDT) is a model of the relations between the self and affect which has been applied to the study of different types of psychopathology including depression, anxiety, and eating disorders. Although the theory itself is compatible with a transdiagnostic perspective on psychopathology, to date no systematic review of the literature has examined that possibility. We conducted a meta-analysis that synthesized the literature on self-discrepancy and psychopathology across a heterogeneous range of 70 studies. Results showed a small-to-medium association between self-discrepancy and psychopathology that was highly robust and similar in magnitude across domains. Furthermore, self-discrepancy was related to higher levels of a range of negative emotions and lower levels of a range of positive emotions. Meta-regression models showed that the effects were greater for actual:ideal discrepancy compared with actual:ought discrepancy for both depression and anxiety, which was contrary to the tenets of SDT which suggests specific associations between actual:ideal discrepancy and depression and actual:ought discrepancy and anxiety. Measurement type (i.e., idiographic vs. nomothetic) was a significant predictor of the effects for depression and anxiety, such that nomothetic measures evidenced greater associations compared with idiographic measures. Our findings could suggest that self-discrepancy represents a contributory factor related to a number of psychiatric disorders. However, the tenet of SDT suggesting unique associations between actual:ideal and actual:ought discrepancy and anxiety and depression respectively was not supported. Implications are discussed for future research on self-discrepancy and psychopathology including the study of mechanistic frameworks. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/bul0000186}, Key = {fds341093} } @article{fds346707, Author = {Brewster, AB and Wilson, WA and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Takin' It to the Streets: Approach/Avoidance Motivation in the Lives of At-Risk Youth.}, Journal = {Psychological inquiry}, Volume = {30}, Number = {3}, Pages = {147-150}, Year = {2019}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1047840x.2019.1646052}, Doi = {10.1080/1047840x.2019.1646052}, Key = {fds346707} } @article{fds353801, Author = {MacDuffie, KE and Knodt, AR and Radtke, SR and Strauman, TJ and Hariri, AR}, Title = {Self-rated amygdala activity: an auto-biological index of affective distress.}, Journal = {Personality neuroscience}, Volume = {2}, Pages = {e1}, Year = {2019}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pen.2019.1}, Abstract = {Auto-biological beliefs-beliefs about one's own biology-are an understudied component of personal identity. Research participants who are led to believe they are biologically vulnerable to affective disorders report more symptoms and less ability to control their mood; however, little is known about the impact of self-originating beliefs about risk for psychopathology, and whether such beliefs correspond to empirically derived estimates of actual vulnerability. Participants in a neuroimaging study (<i>n</i> = 1256) completed self-report measures of affective symptoms, perceived stress, and neuroticism, and an emotional face processing task in the scanner designed to elicit threat responses from the amygdala. A subsample (<i>n</i> = 63) additionally rated their own perceived neural response to threat (i.e., amygdala activity) compared to peers. Self-ratings of neural threat response were uncorrelated with actual threat-related amygdala activity measured via BOLD fMRI. However, self-ratings predicted subjective distress across a variety of self-report measures. In contrast, in the full sample, threat-related amygdala activity was uncorrelated with self-report measures of affective distress. These findings suggest that beliefs about one's own biological threat response-while unrelated to measured neural activation-may be informative indicators of psychological functioning.}, Doi = {10.1017/pen.2019.1}, Key = {fds353801} } @article{fds339587, Author = {Addicott, MA and Daughters, SB and Strauman, TJ and Appelbaum, LG}, Title = {Distress tolerance to auditory feedback and functional connectivity with the auditory cortex.}, Journal = {Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging}, Volume = {282}, Pages = {1-10}, Year = {2018}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.10.003}, Abstract = {Distress tolerance is the capacity to withstand negative affective states in pursuit of a goal. Low distress tolerance may bias an individual to avoid or escape experiences that induce affective distress, but the neural mechanisms underlying the bottom-up generation of distress and its relationship to behavioral avoidance are poorly understood. During a neuroimaging scan, healthy participants completed a mental arithmetic task with easy and distress phases, which differed in cognitive demands and positive versus negative auditory feedback. Then, participants were given the opportunity to continue playing the distress phase for a financial bonus and were allowed to quit at any time. The persistence duration was the measure of distress tolerance. The easy and distress phases activated auditory cortices and fronto-parietal regions. A task-based functional connectivity analysis using the left secondary auditory cortex (i.e., planum temporale) as the seed region revealed stronger connectivity to fronto-parietal regions and anterior insula during the distress phase. The distress-related connectivity between the seed region and the left anterior insula was negatively correlated with distress tolerance. The results provide initial evidence of the role of the anterior insula as a mediating link between the bottom-up generation of affective distress and top-down behavioral avoidance of distress.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.10.003}, Key = {fds339587} } @article{fds339753, Author = {Neacsiu, AD and Luber, BM and Davis, SW and Bernhardt, E and Strauman, TJ and Lisanby, SH}, Title = {On the Concurrent Use of Self-System Therapy and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as Treatment for Depression.}, Journal = {J ECT}, Volume = {34}, Number = {4}, Pages = {266-273}, Year = {2018}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YCT.0000000000000545}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Despite the growing use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a treatment for unipolar depression, its typical effect sizes have been modest, and methodological and conceptual challenges remain regarding how to optimize its efficacy. Linking rTMS to a model of the neurocircuitry underlying depression and applying such a model to personalize the site of stimulation may improve the efficacy of rTMS. Recent developments in the psychology and neurobiology of self-regulation offer a conceptual framework for identifying mechanisms of action in rTMS for depression, as well as for developing guidelines for individualized rTMS treatment. We applied this framework to develop a multimodal treatment for depression by pairing self-system therapy (SST) with simultaneously administered rTMS delivered to an individually targeted region of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex identified via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS: In this proof-of-concept study, we examined the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of combining individually fMRI-targeted rTMS with SST. Using the format of a cognitive paired associative stimulation paradigm, the treatment was administered to 5 adults with unipolar depression in an open-label trial. RESULTS: The rTMS/SST combination was well tolerated, feasible, and acceptable. Preliminary evidence of efficacy also was promising. We hypothesized that both treatment modalities were targeting the same neural circuitry through cognitive paired associative stimulation, and observed changes in task-based fMRI were consistent with our model. These neural changes were directly related to improvements in depression severity. CONCLUSIONS: The new combination treatment represents a promising exemplar for theory-based, individually targeted, multimodal intervention in mood disorders.}, Doi = {10.1097/YCT.0000000000000545}, Key = {fds339753} } @article{fds353802, Author = {Moore, M and Culpepper, S and Phan, KL and Strauman, TJ and Dolcos, F and Dolcos, S}, Title = {Neurobehavioral Mechanisms of Resilience Against Emotional Distress: An Integrative Brain-Personality-Symptom Approach Using Structural Equation Modeling.}, Journal = {Personality neuroscience}, Volume = {1}, Pages = {e8}, Year = {2018}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pen.2018.11}, Abstract = {Clarifying individual differences that predict resilience or vulnerability to emotional distress is crucial for identifying etiological factors contributing to affective disturbances, and to promoting emotional well-being. Despite recent progress identifying specific brain regions and personality traits, it remains unclear whether there are common factors underlying the structural aspects of the brain and the personality traits that, in turn, protect against symptoms of emotional distress. In the present study, an integrative structural equation model was developed to examine the associations among (1) a latent construct of <i>Control</i>, representing the volumes of a system of prefrontal cortical (PFC) regions including middle, inferior, and orbital frontal cortices; (2) a latent construct of <i>Resilience</i> personality traits including cognitive reappraisal, positive affectivity, and optimism; and (3) <i>Anxiety</i> and <i>Depression</i> symptoms, in a sample of 85 healthy young adults. Results showed that the latent construct of PFC volumes positively predicted the latent construct of <i>Resilience</i>, which in turn negatively predicted <i>Anxiety</i>. Mediation analysis confirmed that greater latent PFC volume is indirectly associated with lower <i>Anxiety</i> symptoms through greater latent trait <i>Resilience</i>. The model did not show a significant mediation for <i>Depression</i>. These results support the idea that there are common volumetric and personality factors that help protect against symptoms of emotional distress. These findings provide strong evidence that such brain-personality-symptom approaches can provide novel insights with valuable implications for understanding the interaction of these factors in healthy and clinically diagnosed individuals.}, Doi = {10.1017/pen.2018.11}, Key = {fds353802} } @article{fds339248, Author = {Langer, SL and Romano, JM and Todd, M and Strauman, TJ and Keefe, FJ and Syrjala, KL and Bricker, JB and Ghosh, N and Burns, JW and Bolger, N and Puleo, BK and Gralow, JR and Shankaran, V and Westbrook, K and Zafar, SY and Porter, LS}, Title = {Links Between Communication and Relationship Satisfaction Among Patients With Cancer and Their Spouses: Results of a Fourteen-Day Smartphone-Based Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.}, Journal = {Front Psychol}, Volume = {9}, Number = {OCT}, Pages = {1843}, Year = {2018}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01843}, Abstract = {Cancer treatment poses significant challenges not just for those diagnosed with the disease but also for their intimate partners. Evidence suggests that couples' communication plays a major role in the adjustment of both individuals and in the quality of their relationship. Most descriptive studies linking communication to adjustment have relied on traditional questionnaire methodologies and cross-sectional designs, limiting external validity and discernment of temporal patterns. Using the systemic-transactional model of dyadic coping as a framework, we examined intra- and inter-personal associations between communication (both enacted and perceived) and relationship satisfaction (RS) among patients with stage II-IV breast or colorectal cancer and their spouses (N = 107 couples). Participants (mean age = 51, 64.5% female patients, and 37.4% female spouses) independently completed twice-daily ecological momentary assessments (EMA) via smartphone for 14 consecutive days. Items assessed RS and communication (expression of feelings, holding back from expression, support and criticism of partner, and parallel ratings of partner behavior). Linear mixed models employing an Actor Partner Interdependence Model were used to examine concurrent, time-lagged, and cross-lagged associations between communication and RS. Expressing one's feelings was unassociated with RS. Holding back from doing so, in contrast, was associated with lower RS for both patients and spouses in concurrent models. These effects were both intrapersonal and interpersonal, meaning that when individuals held back from expressing their feelings, they reported lower RS and so too did their partner. Giving and receiving support were associated with one's own higher RS for both patients and spouses in concurrent models, and for patients in lagged models. Conversely, criticizing one's partner and feeling criticized were maladaptive, associated with lower RS (own and in some cases, partner's). Cross-lagged analyses (evening RS to next-day afternoon communication) yielded virtually no effects, suggesting that communication may have a stronger influence on short-term RS than the reverse. Findings underscore the importance of responsive communication, more so than expression per se, in explaining both concurrent and later relationship adjustment. In addition, a focus on holding back from expressing feelings may enhance the understanding of RS for couples coping with cancer.}, Doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01843}, Key = {fds339248} } @article{fds336556, Author = {MacDuffie, KE and MacInnes, J and Dickerson, KC and Eddington, KM and Strauman, TJ and Adcock, RA}, Title = {Single session real-time fMRI neurofeedback has a lasting impact on cognitive behavioral therapy strategies.}, Journal = {Neuroimage Clin}, Volume = {19}, Pages = {868-875}, Year = {2018}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2018.06.009}, Abstract = {To benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), individuals must not only learn new skills but also strategically implement them outside of session. Here, we tested a novel technique for personalizing CBT skills and facilitating their generalization to daily life. We hypothesized that showing participants the impact of specific CBT strategies on their own brain function using real-time functional magnetic imaging (rt-fMRI) neurofeedback would increase their metacognitive awareness, help them identify effective strategies, and motivate real-world use. In a within-subjects design, participants who had completed a clinical trial of a standardized course of CBT created a personal repertoire of negative autobiographical stimuli and mood regulation strategies. From each participant's repertoire, a set of experimental and control strategies were identified; only experimental strategies were practiced in the scanner. During the rt-fMRI neurofeedback session, participants used negative stimuli and strategies from their repertoire to manipulate activation in the anterior cingulate cortex, a region implicated in emotional distress. The primary outcome measures were changes in participant ratings of strategy difficulty, efficacy, and frequency of use. As predicted, ratings for unscanned control strategies were stable across observations, whereas ratings for experimental strategies changed after neurofeedback. At follow-up one month after the session, efficacy and frequency ratings for scanned strategies were predicted by neurofeedback during the rt-fMRI session. These results suggest that rt-fMRI neurofeedback created a salient and durable learning experience for patients, extending beyond the scan session to guide and motivate CBT skill use weeks later. This metacognitive approach to neurofeedback offers a promising model for increasing clinical benefits from cognitive behavioral therapy by personalizing skills and facilitating generalization.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.nicl.2018.06.009}, Key = {fds336556} } @article{fds322027, Author = {Scult, MA and Knodt, AR and Hanson, JL and Ryoo, M and Adcock, RA and Hariri, AR and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Individual differences in regulatory focus predict neural response to reward.}, Journal = {Soc Neurosci}, Volume = {12}, Number = {4}, Pages = {419-429}, Year = {2017}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2016.1178170}, Abstract = {Although goal pursuit is related to both functioning of the brain's reward circuits and psychological factors, the literatures surrounding these concepts have often been separate. Here, we use the psychological construct of regulatory focus to investigate individual differences in neural response to reward. Regulatory focus theory proposes two motivational orientations for personal goal pursuit: (1) promotion, associated with sensitivity to potential gain, and (2) prevention, associated with sensitivity to potential loss. The monetary incentive delay task was used to manipulate reward circuit function, along with instructional framing corresponding to promotion and prevention in a within-subject design. We observed that the more promotion oriented an individual was, the lower their ventral striatum response to gain cues. Follow-up analyses revealed that greater promotion orientation was associated with decreased ventral striatum response even to no-value cues, suggesting that promotion orientation may be associated with relatively hypoactive reward system function. The findings are also likely to represent an interaction between the cognitive and motivational characteristics of the promotion system with the task demands. Prevention orientation did not correlate with ventral striatum response to gain cues, supporting the discriminant validity of regulatory focus theory. The results highlight a dynamic association between individual differences in self-regulation and reward system function.}, Doi = {10.1080/17470919.2016.1178170}, Key = {fds322027} } @article{fds325974, Author = {Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Self-Regulation and Psychopathology: Toward an Integrative Translational Research Paradigm.}, Journal = {Annual review of clinical psychology}, Volume = {13}, Pages = {497-523}, Year = {2017}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045012}, Abstract = {This article presents a general framework in which different manifestations of psychopathology can be conceptualized as dysfunctions in one or more mechanisms of self-regulation, defined as the ongoing process of managing personal goal pursuit in the face of internal, interpersonal, and environmental forces that would derail it. The framework is based on the assertion that self-regulation is a critical locus for the proximal influence on motivation, cognition, emotion, and behavior of more distal factors such as genetics, temperament, socialization history, and neurophysiology. Psychological theories of self-regulation are ideal platforms from which to integrate the study of self-regulation both within and across traditional disciplines. This article has two related goals: to elucidate how the construct of self-regulation provides a unique conceptual platform for the study of psychopathology and to illustrate that platform by presenting our research on depression as an example.}, Doi = {10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045012}, Key = {fds325974} } @article{fds336558, Author = {Luber, BM and Davis, S and Bernhardt, E and Neacsiu, A and Kwapil, L and Lisanby, SH and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Reprint of ''Using neuroimaging to individualize TMS treatment for depression: Toward a new paradigm for imaging-guided intervention''.}, Journal = {Neuroimage}, Volume = {151}, Pages = {65-71}, Year = {2017}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.03.049}, Abstract = {The standard clinical technique for using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with limited efficacy to date. Such limited efficacy may be due to reliance on scalp-based targeting rather than state-of-the-science methods which incorporate fMRI-guided neuronavigation based on a specific model of neurocircuit dysfunction. In this review, we examine such a specific model drawn from regulatory focus theory, which postulates two brain/behavior systems, the promotion and prevention systems, underlying goal pursuit. Individual differences in these systems have been shown to predict vulnerability to MDD as well as to comorbid generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Activation of an individual's promotion or prevention goals via priming leads to motivational and affective responses modulated by the individual's appraisal of their progress in attaining the goal. In addition, priming promotion vs. prevention goals induces discriminable patterns of brain activation that are sensitive to the effects of depression and anxiety: MDD is associated with promotion system failure, anhedonic/dysphoric symptoms, and hypoactivation in specific regions in left prefrontal cortex, whereas GAD is associated with prevention system failure, hypervigilant/agitated symptoms, and hyperactivation in right prefrontal cortex (PFC). These left and right PFC locations can be directly targeted in an individualized manner for TMS. Additionally, this individually targeted rTMS can be integrated with cognitive interventions designed to activate the neural circuitry associated with promotion vs. prevention, thus allowing the neuroplasticity induced by the rTMS to benefit the systems likely to be involved in remediating depression. Targeted engagement of cortical systems involved in emotion regulation using individualized fMRI guidance may help increase the efficacy of rTMS in depression.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.03.049}, Key = {fds336558} } @article{fds323694, Author = {Luber, BM and Davis, S and Bernhardt, E and Neacsiu, A and Kwapil, L and Lisanby, SH and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Using neuroimaging to individualize TMS treatment for depression: Toward a new paradigm for imaging-guided intervention.}, Journal = {Neuroimage}, Volume = {148}, Pages = {1-7}, Year = {2017}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.083}, Abstract = {The standard clinical technique for using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with limited efficacy to date. Such limited efficacy may be due to reliance on scalp-based targeting rather than state-of-the-science methods which incorporate fMRI-guided neuronavigation based on a specific model of neurocircuit dysfunction. In this review, we examine such a specific model drawn from regulatory focus theory, which postulates two brain/behavior systems, the promotion and prevention systems, underlying goal pursuit. Individual differences in these systems have been shown to predict vulnerability to MDD as well as to comorbid generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Activation of an individual's promotion or prevention goals via priming leads to motivational and affective responses modulated by the individual's appraisal of their progress in attaining the goal. In addition, priming promotion vs. prevention goals induces discriminable patterns of brain activation that are sensitive to the effects of depression and anxiety: MDD is associated with promotion system failure, anhedonic/dysphoric symptoms, and hypoactivation in specific regions in left prefrontal cortex, whereas GAD is associated with prevention system failure, hypervigilant/agitated symptoms, and hyperactivation in right prefrontal cortex (PFC). These left and right PFC locations can be directly targeted in an individualized manner for TMS. Additionally, this individually targeted rTMS can be integrated with cognitive interventions designed to activate the neural circuitry associated with promotion vs. prevention, thus allowing the neuroplasticity induced by the rTMS to benefit the systems likely to be involved in remediating depression. Targeted engagement of cortical systems involved in emotion regulation using individualized fMRI guidance may help increase the efficacy of rTMS in depression.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.083}, Key = {fds323694} } @article{fds325975, Author = {MacDuffie, KE and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Understanding Our Own Biology: The Relevance of Auto-Biological Attributions for Mental Health}, Journal = {Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice}, Volume = {24}, Number = {1}, Pages = {50-68}, Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)}, Year = {2017}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cpsp.12188}, Abstract = {As knowledge of the neurobiological basis of psychopathology has advanced, public perceptions have shifted toward conceptualizing mental disorders as disorders of biology. However, little is known about how patients respond to biological information about their own disorders. We refer to such information as auto-biological—describing our own biological systems as a component of our identity. Drawing on research from attribution theory, we explore the potential for auto-biological information to shape how patients view themselves in relation to their disorders. We propose an attributional framework for presenting auto-biological information in a way that encourages agency, rather than destiny. We argue that this framework has the potential to change expectations and improve outcomes in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.}, Doi = {10.1111/cpsp.12188}, Key = {fds325975} } @article{fds324048, Author = {Strauman, TJ and Eddington, KM}, Title = {Treatment of Depression From a Self-Regulation Perspective: Basic Concepts and Applied Strategies in Self-System Therapy.}, Journal = {Cognitive therapy and research}, Volume = {41}, Number = {1}, Pages = {1-15}, Year = {2017}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10608-016-9801-1}, Abstract = {Self-regulation models of psychopathology provide a theory-based, empirically supported framework for developing psychotherapeutic interventions that complement and extend current cognitive-behavioral models. However, many clinicians are only minimally familiar with the psychology of self-regulation. The aim of the present manuscript is twofold. First, we provide an overview of self-regulation as a motivational process essential to well-being and introduce two related theories of self-regulation which have been applied to depression. Second, we describe how self-regulatory concepts and processes from those two theories have been translated into psychosocial interventions, focusing specifically on self-system therapy (SST), a brief structured treatment for depression that targets personal goal pursuit. Two randomized controlled trials have shown that SST is superior to cognitive therapy for depressed clients with specific self-regulatory deficits, and both studies found evidence that SST works in part by restoring adaptive self-regulation. Self-regulation-based psychotherapeutic approaches to depression hold significant promise for enhancing treatment efficacy and ultimately may provide an individualizable framework for treatment planning.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10608-016-9801-1}, Key = {fds324048} } @article{fds322026, Author = {Scult, MA and Paulli, AR and Mazure, ES and Moffitt, TE and Hariri, AR and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {The association between cognitive function and subsequent depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, Journal = {Psychol Med}, Volume = {47}, Number = {1}, Pages = {1-17}, Year = {2017}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291716002075}, Abstract = {Despite a growing interest in understanding the cognitive deficits associated with major depressive disorder (MDD), it is largely unknown whether such deficits exist before disorder onset or how they might influence the severity of subsequent illness. The purpose of the present study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal datasets to determine whether cognitive function acts as a predictor of later MDD diagnosis or change in depression symptoms. Eligible studies included longitudinal designs with baseline measures of cognitive functioning, and later unipolar MDD diagnosis or symptom assessment. The systematic review identified 29 publications, representing 34 unique samples, and 121 749 participants, that met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Quantitative meta-analysis demonstrated that higher cognitive function was associated with decreased levels of subsequent depression (r = -0.088, 95% confidence interval. -0.121 to -0.054, p < 0.001). However, sensitivity analyses revealed that this association is likely driven by concurrent depression symptoms at the time of cognitive assessment. Our review and meta-analysis indicate that the association between lower cognitive function and later depression is confounded by the presence of contemporaneous depression symptoms at the time of cognitive assessment. Thus, cognitive deficits predicting MDD likely represent deleterious effects of subclinical depression symptoms on performance rather than premorbid risk factors for disorder.}, Doi = {10.1017/S0033291716002075}, Key = {fds322026} } @article{fds323488, Author = {Mason, TB and Lavender, JM and Wonderlich, SA and Crosby, RD and Engel, SG and Strauman, TJ and Mitchell, JE and Crow, SJ and Le Grange and D and Klein, MH and Smith, TL and Peterson, CB}, Title = {Self-Discrepancy and Eating Disorder Symptoms Across Eating Disorder Diagnostic Groups.}, Journal = {European eating disorders review : the journal of the Eating Disorders Association}, Volume = {24}, Number = {6}, Pages = {541-545}, Year = {2016}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/erv.2483}, Abstract = {This study examined self-discrepancy, a construct of theoretical relevance to eating disorder (ED) psychopathology, across different types of EDs. Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN; n = 112), bulimia nervosa (BN; n = 72), and binge eating disorder (BED; n = 199) completed semi-structured interviews assessing specific types of self-discrepancies. Results revealed that actual:ideal (A:I) discrepancy was positively associated with AN, actual:ought (A:O) discrepancy was positively associated with BN and BED, and self-discrepancies did not differentiate BN from BED. Across diagnoses, A:O discrepancy was positively associated with severity of purging, binge eating, and global ED psychopathology. Further, there were significant interactions between diagnosis and A:O discrepancy for global ED psychopathology and between diagnosis and A:I discrepancy for binge eating and driven exercise. These results support the importance of self-discrepancy as a potential causal and maintenance variable in EDs that differentiates among different types of EDs and symptom severity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.}, Doi = {10.1002/erv.2483}, Key = {fds323488} } @article{fds325040, Author = {Chung, T and Noronha, A and Carroll, KM and Potenza, MN and Hutchison, K and Calhoun, VD and Gabrieli, JDE and Morgenstern, J and Nixon, SJ and Wexler, BE and Brewer, J and Ray, L and Filbey, F and Strauman, TJ and Kober, H and Feldstein Ewing and SW}, Title = {Brain mechanisms of Change in Addictions Treatment: Models, Methods, and Emerging Findings.}, Journal = {Current addiction reports}, Volume = {3}, Number = {3}, Pages = {332-342}, Year = {2016}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40429-016-0113-z}, Abstract = {Increased understanding of "how" and "for whom" treatment works at the level of the brain has potential to transform addictions treatment through the development of innovative neuroscience-informed interventions. The 2015 Science of Change meeting bridged the fields of neuroscience and psychotherapy research to identify brain mechanisms of behavior change that are "common" across therapies, and "specific" to distinct behavioral interventions. Conceptual models of brain mechanisms underlying effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, mindfulness interventions, and Motivational Interviewing were discussed. Presentations covered methods for integrating neuroimaging into psychotherapy research, and novel analytic approaches. Effects of heavy substance use on the brain, and recovery of brain functioning with sustained abstinence, which may be facilitated by cognitive training, were reviewed. Neuroimaging provides powerful tools for determining brain mechanisms underlying psychotherapy and medication effects, predicting and monitoring outcomes, developing novel interventions that target specific brain circuits, and identifying for whom an intervention will be effective.}, Doi = {10.1007/s40429-016-0113-z}, Key = {fds325040} } @article{fds254101, Author = {Waters, SJ and Strauman, TJ and McKee, DC and Campbell, LC and Shelby, RA and Dixon, KE and Fras, AM and Keefe, FJ}, Title = {Self-system therapy for distress associated with persistent low back pain: A randomized clinical trial.}, Journal = {Psychother Res}, Volume = {26}, Number = {4}, Pages = {472-483}, Year = {2016}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {1050-3307}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2015.1040485}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Persistent low back pain (PLBP) is associated with vulnerability to depression. PLBP frequently requires major changes in occupation and lifestyle, which can lead to a sense of failing to attain one's personal goals (self-discrepancy). METHOD: We conducted a clinical trial to examine the efficacy of self-system therapy (SST), a brief structured therapy for depression based on self-discrepancy theory. A total of 101 patients with PLBP and clinically significant depressive symptoms were randomized either to SST, pain education, or standard care. RESULTS: Patients receiving SST showed significantly greater improvement in depressive symptoms. Reduction in self-discrepancy predicted reduction in depressive symptoms only within the SST condition. CONCLUSIONS: Findings support the utility of SST for individuals facing persistent pain and associated depression.}, Doi = {10.1080/10503307.2015.1040485}, Key = {fds254101} } @article{fds254099, Author = {Blalock, DV and Franzese, AT and Machell, KA and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Attachment style and self-regulation: How our patterns in relationships reflect broader motivational styles}, Journal = {Personality and Individual Differences}, Volume = {87}, Pages = {90-98}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {2015}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0191-8869}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.024}, Abstract = {Individuals orient themselves in relationships using different goals and preoccupations, often conceptualized as four distinct attachment styles (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991). Individuals also orient themselves in the social world more broadly using different motivational preferences and styles. Self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987) and regulatory focus theory (Higgins, 1997) are two frameworks used to conceptualize these motivational styles. In two studies we investigated the extent to which preoccupations in relationships reflected broader life goals. In Study 1, college participants reported attachment style and self-discrepancies (ideal and ought selves). In Study 2, community participants reported attachment style and regulatory focus (promotion and prevention orientations). Across two different samples, using distinct but complementary theoretical frameworks, we found a consistent pattern whereby a more approach-oriented relationship orientation (secure attachment), was related to a more approach-oriented general life orientation (lower actual-ideal discrepancy and greater promotion focus). Interestingly, attachment style was unrelated to avoidance-oriented motivational styles. These results suggest that motivations within relationships may be specifically related to growth motivations in broader aspects of life.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.024}, Key = {fds254099} } @article{fds254100, Author = {Strauman, TJ and Socolar, Y and Kwapil, L and Cornwell, JFM and Franks, B and Sehnert, S and Higgins, ET}, Title = {Microinterventions targeting regulatory focus and regulatory fit selectively reduce dysphoric and anxious mood.}, Journal = {Behaviour research and therapy}, Volume = {72}, Pages = {18-29}, Year = {2015}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {0005-7967}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.003}, Abstract = {Depression and generalized anxiety, separately and as comorbid states, continue to represent a significant public health challenge. Current cognitive-behavioral treatments are clearly beneficial but there remains a need for continued development of complementary interventions. This manuscript presents two proof-of-concept studies, in analog samples, of "microinterventions" derived from regulatory focus and regulatory fit theories and targeting dysphoric and anxious symptoms. In Study 1, participants with varying levels of dysphoric and/or anxious mood were exposed to a brief intervention either to increase or to reduce engagement in personal goal pursuit, under the hypothesis that dysphoria indicates under-engagement of the promotion system whereas anxiety indicates over-engagement of the prevention system. In Study 2, participants with varying levels of dysphoric and/or anxious mood received brief training in counterfactual thinking, under the hypothesis that inducing individuals in a state of promotion failure to generate subtractive counterfactuals for past failures (a non-fit) will lessen their dejection/depression-related symptoms, whereas inducing individuals in a state of prevention failure to generate additive counterfactuals for past failures (a non-fit) will lessen their agitation/anxiety-related symptoms. In both studies, we observed discriminant patterns of reduction in distress consistent with the hypothesized links between dysfunctional states of the two motivational systems and dysphoric versus anxious symptoms.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.003}, Key = {fds254100} } @article{fds254107, Author = {Weingarten, CP and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Neuroimaging for psychotherapy research: current trends.}, Journal = {Psychotherapy research : journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research}, Volume = {25}, Number = {2}, Pages = {185-213}, Year = {2015}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {1050-3307}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2014.883088}, Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>This article reviews neuroimaging studies that inform psychotherapy research. An introduction to neuroimaging methods is provided as background for the increasingly sophisticated breadth of methods and findings appearing in psychotherapy research.<h4>Method</h4>We compiled and assessed a comprehensive list of neuroimaging studies of psychotherapy outcome, along with selected examples of other types of studies that also are relevant to psychotherapy research. We emphasized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) since it is the dominant neuroimaging modality in psychological research.<h4>Results</h4>We summarize findings from neuroimaging studies of psychotherapy outcome, including treatment for depression, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and schizophrenia.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The increasing use of neuroimaging methods in the study of psychotherapy continues to refine our understanding of both outcome and process. We suggest possible directions for future neuroimaging studies in psychotherapy research.}, Doi = {10.1080/10503307.2014.883088}, Key = {fds254107} } @article{fds254106, Author = {McCarty, CA and Huggins, W and Aiello, AE and Bilder, RM and Hariri, A and Jernigan, TL and Newman, E and Sanghera, DK and Strauman, TJ and Zeng, Y and Ramos, EM and Junkins, HA and PhenX RISING network}, Title = {PhenX RISING: real world implementation and sharing of PhenX measures.}, Journal = {BMC Med Genomics}, Volume = {7}, Pages = {16}, Year = {2014}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1755-8794-7-16}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the PhenX RISING network and the site experiences in the implementation of PhenX measures into ongoing population-based genomic studies. METHODS: Eighty PhenX measures were implemented across the seven PhenX RISING groups, thirty-three of which were used at more than two sites, allowing for cross-site collaboration. Each site used between four and 37 individual measures and five of the sites are validating the PhenX measures through comparison with other study measures. Self-administered and computer-based administration modes are being evaluated at several sites which required changes to the original PhenX Toolkit protocols. A network-wide data use agreement was developed to facilitate data sharing and collaboration. RESULTS: PhenX Toolkit measures have been collected for more than 17,000 participants across the PhenX RISING network. The process of implementation provided information that was used to improve the PhenX Toolkit. The Toolkit was revised to allow researchers to select self- or interviewer administration when creating the data collection worksheets and ranges of specimens necessary to run biological assays has been added to the Toolkit. CONCLUSIONS: The PhenX RISING network has demonstrated that the PhenX Toolkit measures can be implemented successfully in ongoing genomic studies. The next step will be to conduct gene/environment studies.}, Doi = {10.1186/1755-8794-7-16}, Key = {fds254106} } @article{fds254105, Author = {Atkins, MS and Strauman, TJ and Cyranowski, JM and Kolden, GG}, Title = {Reconceptualizing internship training within the evolving clinical science training model}, Journal = {Clinical Psychological Science}, Volume = {2}, Number = {1}, Pages = {46-57}, Publisher = {SAGE Publications}, Year = {2014}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {2167-7026}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702613501308}, Abstract = {As changes in health-care delivery impel us to refine clinical science training, the opportunity arises to reconceptualize internship training to align more closely with clinical science values and outcomes. We present observations on the evolution of internship training with a focus on the following issues. First, we highlight the significance of a publichealth perspective for clinical science as a basis for refining training goals and practices. Second, we briefly review how internship training evolved (where it has come from) to set the context for continuing evolution (where it might go). Third, we discuss the need for an expanded definition of clinical competence for clinical science training to better align with innovations in health care and to prepare graduates for new career opportunities. Finally, we present examples of new models for internship training that might accommodate the continuing redefinition of internship training in clinical science. © The Author(s) 2013.}, Doi = {10.1177/2167702613501308}, Key = {fds254105} } @article{fds254108, Author = {Zaunmüller, L and Lutz, W and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Affective impact and electrocortical correlates of a psychotherapeutic microintervention: an ERP study of cognitive restructuring.}, Journal = {Psychotherapy research : journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research}, Volume = {24}, Number = {5}, Pages = {550-564}, Year = {2014}, Month = {January}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24286245}, Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>Psychotherapy for depression emphasizes techniques that can help individuals regulate their moods. The present study investigated the affective impact and electrocortical correlates of cognitive restructuring, delivered as a 90-minute psychotherapeutic microintervention in a dysphoric sample.<h4>Method</h4>Participants (N = 92) who reported either low or high levels of dysphoric symptoms were randomly assigned to the restructuring microintervention, a control intervention or a no-intervention condition. We obtained recordings of event-related potentials (ERPs) as well as mood self-ratings during an experimental session immediately after the psychotherapeutic microintervention and the control intervention in which a set of negatively valenced pictures (IAPS) was presented with different instructions.<h4>Results</h4>Whereas the restructuring intervention group and the control intervention group reported both increases in positive and decreases in negative affect from pre- to post-intervention, the three groups differed significantly on ERP measures.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Findings provide support for current models of mechanisms of action in cognitive therapies.}, Doi = {10.1080/10503307.2013.847986}, Key = {fds254108} } @misc{fds254115, Author = {Strauman, TJ and Goetz, EL and Detloff, AM and MacDuffie, KE and Zaunmüller, L and Lutz, W}, Title = {Self-regulation and mechanisms of action in psychotherapy: a theory-based translational perspective.}, Journal = {Journal of personality}, Volume = {81}, Number = {6}, Pages = {542-553}, Year = {2013}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0022-3506}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23072383}, Abstract = {Psychotherapy is a complex, multilayered process with the potential to bring about changes at multiple levels of functioning, from the neurobiology of the brain to the individual's role in the social world. Although studies of the mechanisms by which psychotherapy leads to change continue to appear, there remains much to be learned about how psychological interventions work. To guide explorations of how and for whom particular treatment approaches lead to change, researchers can rely on theory to identify potential loci for change and on translational research methods to integrate basic behavioral science and neuroscience with clinical science. In this article, we describe research linking individual differences in the self-regulation of personal goal pursuit with the etiology and treatment of mood disorders. The research draws upon regulatory focus theory as a model of self-regulation and on microintervention designs-controlled laboratory investigations of a specific therapeutic technique-to generate and test hypotheses about how psychological interventions can help to reverse maladaptive self-regulatory processes.}, Doi = {10.1111/jopy.12012}, Key = {fds254115} } @article{fds254112, Author = {Armstrong, JM and Ruttle, PL and Burk, LR and Costanzo, PR and Strauman, TJ and Essex, MJ}, Title = {Early risk factors for alcohol use across high school and its covariation with deviant friends.}, Journal = {Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs}, Volume = {74}, Number = {5}, Pages = {746-756}, Year = {2013}, Month = {September}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23948534}, Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>Past research has associated childhood characteristics and experiences with alcohol use at single time points in adolescence. Other work has focused on drinking trajectories across adolescence but with risk factors typically no earlier than middle or high school. Similarly, although the connection between underage drinking and affiliation with deviant friends is well established, early risk factors for their covariation across adolescence are uncertain. The present study examines the influence of early individual and contextual factors on (a) trajectories across high school of per-occasion alcohol use and (b) the covariation of alcohol use and deviant friends over time.<h4>Method</h4>In a longitudinal community sample (n = 374; 51% female), temperamental disinhibition, authoritarian and authoritative parenting, and parental alcohol use were assessed during childhood, and adolescents reported on alcohol use and affiliation with deviant friends in the spring of Grades 9, 10, 11, and 12.<h4>Results</h4>Early parental alcohol use predicted the intercept of adolescent drinking. Subsequent patterns of adolescent alcohol use were predicted by sex and interactions of sex and childhood disinhibition with early authoritarian parenting. Additionally, childhood disinhibition interacted with parental alcohol use to moderate the covariation of drinking and deviant friends.<h4>Conclusions</h4>These findings highlight early individual and contextual risk factors for alcohol use across high school, extending previous work and underscoring the importance of developmental approaches and longitudinal techniques for understanding patterns of growth in underage drinking.}, Doi = {10.15288/jsad.2013.74.746}, Key = {fds254112} } @article{fds288153, Author = {Naylor, JC and Dolber, TR and Strauss, JL and Kilts, JD and Strauman, TJ and Bradford, DW and Szabo, ST and Youssef, NA and Connor, KM and Davidson, JRT and Marx, CE}, Title = {A pilot randomized controlled trial with paroxetine for subthreshold PTSD in Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom era veterans.}, Journal = {Psychiatry Res}, Volume = {206}, Number = {2-3}, Pages = {318-320}, Year = {2013}, Month = {April}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23276723}, Abstract = {Subthreshold posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with increased risk for suicidality, depression, and functional impairment. We thus conducted a small (N=12) pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) with paroxetine for subthreshold PTSD in Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) era veterans. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores improved by 30.4% in the paroxetine group. Paroxetine may have promise for subthreshold PTSD.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.psychres.2012.11.008}, Key = {fds288153} } @article{fds300109, Author = {Goetz, EL and Hariri, AR and Pizzagalli, DA and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Genetic moderation of the association between regulatory focus and reward responsiveness: a proof-of-concept study.}, Journal = {Biology of mood & anxiety disorders}, Volume = {3}, Number = {1}, Pages = {3}, Year = {2013}, Month = {February}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23369671}, Abstract = {<h4>Unlabelled</h4><h4>Background</h4>Recent studies implicate individual differences in regulatory focus as contributing to self-regulatory dysfunction, particularly not responding to positive outcomes. How such individual differences emerge, however, is unclear. We conducted a proof-of-concept study to examine the moderating effects of genetically driven variation in dopamine signaling, a key modulator of neural reward circuits, on the association between regulatory focus and reward cue responsiveness.<h4>Method</h4>Healthy Caucasians (N=59) completed a measure of chronic regulatory focus and a probabilistic reward task. A common functional genetic polymorphism impacting prefrontal dopamine signaling (COMT rs4680) was evaluated.<h4>Results</h4>Response bias, the participants' propensity to modulate behavior as a function of reward, was predicted by an interaction of regulatory focus and COMT genotype. Specifically, self-perceived success at achieving promotion goals predicted total response bias, but only for individuals with the COMT genotype (Val/Val) associated with relatively increased phasic dopamine signaling and cognitive flexibility.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The combination of success in promotion goal pursuit and Val/Val genotype appears to facilitate responding to reward opportunities in the environment. This study is among the first to integrate an assessment of self-regulatory style with an examination of genetic variability that underlies responsiveness to positive outcomes in goal pursuit.}, Doi = {10.1186/2045-5380-3-3}, Key = {fds300109} } @misc{fds220610, Author = {Goetz, E.L. and Hariri, A.R. and Pizzagalli, D.A. and Strauman, T.J.}, Title = {Genetic moderation of the association between regulatory focus and reward responsiveness}, Journal = {Biology of Mood and Anxiety Disorders}, Volume = {3}, Pages = {3}, Year = {2013}, Key = {fds220610} } @misc{fds220612, Author = {Jones, N.P. and Papadakis, A.A. and Orr, C.A. and Strauman, T.J.}, Title = {Cognitive processes in response to goal failure: A study of ruminative thought and its affective consequences}, Journal = {Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology}, Volume = {32}, Pages = {482-503}, Year = {2013}, Key = {fds220612} } @article{fds220615, Author = {Zaunmüller, L. and Lutz, W. and Strauman, T.J.}, Title = {Affective impact and electrocortical correlates of a cognitive microintervention: An ERP study of cognitive restructuring}, Journal = {Psychotherapy Research}, Year = {2013}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2013.847986}, Doi = {10.1080/10503307.2013.847986}, Key = {fds220615} } @article{fds254113, Author = {Strauman, TJ and Detloff, AM and Sestokas, R and Smith, DV and Goetz, EL and Rivera, C and Kwapil, L}, Title = {What shall I be, what must I be: Neural correlates of personal goal activation}, Journal = {Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience}, Volume = {6}, Number = {DEC}, Year = {2012}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {1662-5145}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2012.00123}, Abstract = {How is the brain engaged when people are thinking about their hopes, dreams, and obligations? Regulatory focus theory postulates two classes of personal goals and motivational systems for pursuing them. Ideal goals, such as hopes and aspirations, are pursued via the promotion system through "making good things happen." Ought goals, such as obligations or responsibilities, are pursued via the prevention system through "keeping bad things from happening." This study investigated the neural correlates of ideal and ought goal priming using an event-related fMRI design with rapid masked stimulus presentations. We exposed participants to their self-identified ideal and ought goals, yoked control words and nonwords. We also examined correlations between goal-related activation and measures of regulatory focus, behavioral activation/inhibition, and negative affect. Ideal priming led to activation in frontal and occipital regions as well as caudate and thalamus, whereas prevention goal priming was associated with activation in precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex. Individual differences in dysphoric/anxious affect and regulatory focus, but not differences in BAS/BIS strength, were predictive of differential activation in response to goal priming. The regions activated in response to ideal and ought goal priming broadly map onto the cortical midline network that has been shown to index processing of self-referential stimuli. Individual differences in regulatory focus and negative affect impact this network and appeared to influence the strength and accessibility of the promotion and prevention systems. The results support a fundamental distinction between promotion and prevention and extend our understanding of how personal goals influence behavior. © 2012 Strauman, Detloff, Sestokas, Smith, Goetz, Rivera and Kwapil.}, Doi = {10.3389/fnint.2012.00123}, Key = {fds254113} } @article{fds254137, Author = {Klepac, RK and Ronan, GF and Andrasik, F and Arnold, KD and Belar, CD and Berry, SL and Christofff, KA and Craighead, LW and Dougher, MJ and Dowd, ET and Herbert, JD and McFarr, LM and Rizvi, SL and Sauer, EM and Strauman, TJ and Inter-organizational Task Force on Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology Doctoral Education}, Title = {Guidelines for cognitive behavioral training within doctoral psychology programs in the United States: report of the Inter-organizational Task Force on Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology Doctoral Education.}, Journal = {Behavior therapy}, Volume = {43}, Number = {4}, Pages = {687-697}, Year = {2012}, Month = {December}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23046769}, Abstract = {The Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies initiated an interorganizational task force to develop guidelines for integrated education and training in cognitive and behavioral psychology at the doctoral level in the United States. Fifteen task force members representing 16 professional associations participated in a year-long series of conferences, and developed a consensus on optimal doctoral education and training in cognitive and behavioral psychology. The recommendations assume solid foundational training that is typical within applied psychology areas such as clinical and counseling psychology programs located in the United States. This article details the background, assumptions, and resulting recommendations specific to doctoral education and training in cognitive and behavioral psychology, including competencies expected in the areas of ethics, research, and practice.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.beth.2012.05.002}, Key = {fds254137} } @misc{fds254135, Author = {Strauman, TJ and Detloff, AM and Sestokas, R and Smith, DV and Goetz, EL and Rivera, C and Kwapil, L}, Title = {What shall I be, what must I be: neural correlates of personal goal activation.}, Journal = {Frontiers in integrative neuroscience}, Volume = {6}, Pages = {123}, Year = {2012}, Month = {January}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23316145}, Abstract = {How is the brain engaged when people are thinking about their hopes, dreams, and obligations? Regulatory focus theory postulates two classes of personal goals and motivational systems for pursuing them. Ideal goals, such as hopes and aspirations, are pursued via the promotion system through "making good things happen." Ought goals, such as obligations or responsibilities, are pursued via the prevention system through "keeping bad things from happening." This study investigated the neural correlates of ideal and ought goal priming using an event-related fMRI design with rapid masked stimulus presentations. We exposed participants to their self-identified ideal and ought goals, yoked-control words and non-words. We also examined correlations between goal-related activation and measures of regulatory focus, behavioral activation/inhibition, and negative affect. Ideal priming led to activation in frontal and occipital regions as well as caudate and thalamus, whereas prevention goal priming was associated with activation in precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex. Individual differences in dysphoric/anxious affect and regulatory focus, but not differences in BAS/BIS strength, were predictive of differential activation in response to goal priming. The regions activated in response to ideal and ought goal priming broadly map onto the cortical midline network that has been shown to index processing of self-referential stimuli. Individual differences in regulatory focus and negative affect impact this network and appeared to influence the strength and accessibility of the promotion and prevention systems. The results support a fundamental distinction between promotion and prevention and extend our understanding of how personal goals influence behavior.}, Doi = {10.3389/fnint.2012.00123}, Key = {fds254135} } @article{fds254130, Author = {Naylor, JC and Strauss, JL and Kilts, JD and Payne, VM and Strauman, TJ and Massing, MW and Hertzberg, MA and Bradford, DW and Dolber, T and Connor, KM and Davidson, JRT and Marx, CE}, Title = {A pilot randomized controlled trial in subthreshold PTSD with paroxetine in veterans who served after September 11th, 2001}, Journal = {Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology}, Volume = {206}, Pages = {218-220}, Year = {2012}, Key = {fds254130} } @misc{fds254131, Author = {Zaunmueller, L and Lutz, W and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Affective impact and electrocortical correlates of a cognitive microintervention: An ERP study}, Journal = {Cognitive Therapy and Research}, Year = {2012}, Key = {fds254131} } @article{fds254132, Author = {Jones, NP and Papadakis, AA and Orr, CA and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Cognitive processes in response to goal failure: A study of ruminative thought and its affective consequences}, Journal = {Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology}, Volume = {32}, Number = {5}, Year = {2012}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2013.32.5.482}, Abstract = {Failure to make progress toward personal goals can lead to negative affective states, such as depression and anxiety. Past research suggests that rumination in response to goal failure may prolong and intensify those acute emotional responses, but that process remains unclear. We examined ruminative thought processes following experimentally manipulated exposure to past failures to attain advancement (promotion) goals and safety (prevention) goals. We predicted that priming of past promotion and prevention goal failures would lead individuals to think repetitively about these failures and that negative affect would be evoked by their recognition of their failures. Further, we predicted that when people experience a sufficient magnitude of negative affect, ruminative thought would intensify and prolong the negative affect associated with that type of goal failure. Results yielded strong support for our predictions regarding promotion goal failure and modest support for those regarding prevention goal failure.}, Doi = {10.1521/jscp.2013.32.5.482}, Key = {fds254132} } @article{fds254133, Author = {Heatherington, L and Messer, SB and Angus, L and Strauman, TJ and Friedlander, ML and Kolden, GG}, Title = {The narrowing of theoretical orientations in clinical psychology doctoral training}, Journal = {Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice}, Volume = {19}, Number = {4}, Pages = {364-374}, Publisher = {WILEY}, Year = {2012}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cpsp.12012}, Abstract = {The focus of this article is the increasingly narrow range of therapeutic orientations represented in clinical psychology graduate training programs, particularly within the most research-oriented programs. Data on the self-reported therapeutic orientations of faculty at "clinical science" Ph.D. programs, Ph.D. programs at comprehensive universities in clinical and in counseling psychology, Psy.D. programs at comprehensive universities, and Ph.D. or Psy.D. programs at freestanding specialized institutions reveal a strong predominance of faculty with cognitive-behavioral orientations at the more science-focused programs, and a narrower range of orientations than in the more practice-focused programs. We discuss the implications of this trend for the future development of clinical psychology and provide suggestions for addressing the attendant concerns. © 2013 American Psychological Association. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., on behalf of the American Psychological Association.}, Doi = {10.1111/cpsp.12012}, Key = {fds254133} } @article{fds254134, Author = {Goetz, EL and Hariri, AR and Pizzagalli, DA and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Genetic moderation of the association between regulatory focus and reward responsiveness}, Journal = {Biology of Mood and Anxiety Disorders}, Year = {2012}, Key = {fds254134} } @article{fds254136, Author = {Strauman, TJ and Goetz, EL and Detloff, AM and MacDuffie, KE and Zaunmuller, L and Lutz, W}, Title = {Self-regulation and psychotherapy: A theory-based translational perspective}, Journal = {Journal of Personality}, Year = {2012}, Key = {fds254136} } @article{fds254138, Author = {Brown, LH and Strauman, T and Barrantes-Vidal, N and Silvia, PJ and Kwapil, TR}, Title = {An experience-sampling study of depressive symptoms and their social context.}, Journal = {The Journal of nervous and mental disease}, Volume = {199}, Number = {6}, Pages = {403-409}, Year = {2011}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {0022-3018}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nmd.0b013e31821cd24b}, Abstract = {Both clinical and subclinical depression are associated with social impairment; however, few studies have examined the impact of social contact in the daily lives of people with depressive symptoms. The current study used the experience-sampling methodology to examine associations between depressive symptoms, social contact, and daily life impairment in 197 young adults. Depressive symptoms were associated with increased isolation, negative affect, anhedonia, and physical symptoms, decreased positive affect, and social and cognitive impairment in daily life. For people with more depressive symptoms, being with social partners who were perceived as close was associated with greater decreases in negative affect, as well as increases in positive affect. Ironically, participants with depressive symptoms reported spending less time with people whom they perceived as close, minimizing the protective effects of socializing. These results suggest that people experiencing depressive symptoms may be especially sensitive to the nature of social interactions.}, Doi = {10.1097/nmd.0b013e31821cd24b}, Key = {fds254138} } @article{fds254139, Author = {Ritchey, M and Dolcos, F and Eddington, KM and Strauman, TJ and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Neural correlates of emotional processing in depression: changes with cognitive behavioral therapy and predictors of treatment response.}, Journal = {Journal of psychiatric research}, Volume = {45}, Number = {5}, Pages = {577-587}, Year = {2011}, Month = {May}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20934190}, Abstract = {Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by the presence of disturbances in emotional processing. However, the neural correlates of these alterations, and how they may be affected by therapeutic interventions, remain unclear. The present study addressed these issues in a preliminary investigation using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine neural responses to positive, negative, and neutral pictures in unmedicated MDD patients (N = 22) versus controls (N = 14). After this initial scan, MDD patients were treated with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and scanned again after treatment. Within regions that showed pre-treatment differences between patients and controls, we tested the association between pre-treatment activity and subsequent treatment response as well as activity changes from pre- to post-treatment. This study yielded three main findings. First, prior to treatment and relative to controls, patients exhibited overall reduced activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (PFC), diminished discrimination between emotional and neutral items in the amygdala, caudate, and hippocampus, and enhanced responses to negative versus positive stimuli in the left anterior temporal lobe (ATL) and right dorsolateral PFC. Second, CBT-related symptom improvement in MDD patients was predicted by increased activity at baseline in ventromedial PFC as well as the valence effects in the ATL and dorsolateral PFC. Third, from pre- to post-treatment, MDD patients exhibited overall increases in ventromedial PFC activation, enhanced arousal responses in the amygdala, caudate, and hippocampus, and a reversal of valence effects in the ATL. The study was limited by the relatively small sample that was able to complete both scan sessions, as well as an inability to determine the influence of comorbid disorders within the current sample. Nevertheless, components of the neural networks corresponding to emotion processing disturbances in MDD appear to resolve following treatment and are predictive of treatment response, possibly reflecting improvements in emotion regulation processes in response to CBT.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.09.007}, Key = {fds254139} } @article{fds254141, Author = {Klenk, MM and Strauman, TJ and Higgins, ET}, Title = {Regulatory Focus and Anxiety: A Self-Regulatory Model of GAD-Depression Comorbidity.}, Journal = {Personality and individual differences}, Volume = {50}, Number = {7}, Pages = {935-943}, Year = {2011}, Month = {May}, ISSN = {0191-8869}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21516196}, Abstract = {The etiology of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), including its high degree of comorbidity with major depressive disorder (MDD), remains a conceptual and clinical challenge. In this article, we discuss the relevance of regulatory focus theory, an influential theory of self-regulation, for understanding vulnerability to GAD as well as GAD/MDD comorbidity. The theory postulates two systems for pursuing desired end states: the promotion and prevention systems. Drawing upon studies documenting the affective and motivational consequences of failing to attain promotion versus prevention goals, as well as the literature linking promotion failure with depression, we propose how dysfunction within the prevention system could lead to GAD - with, as well as without, MDD.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.paid.2010.12.003}, Key = {fds254141} } @misc{fds254140, Author = {Burk, LR and Armstrong, JM and Goldsmith, HH and Klein, MH and Strauman, TJ and Costanzo, P and Essex, MJ}, Title = {Sex, temperament, and family context: how the interaction of early factors differentially predict adolescent alcohol use and are mediated by proximal adolescent factors.}, Journal = {Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors}, Volume = {25}, Number = {1}, Pages = {1-15}, Year = {2011}, Month = {March}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21443307}, Abstract = {Adolescent alcohol use is common and has serious immediate and long-term ramifications. While concurrent individual and context factors are robustly associated with adolescent alcohol use, the influence of early childhood factors, particularly in interaction with child sex, are less clear. Using a prospective community sample of 362 (190 girls), this study investigated sex differences in the joint influence of distal childhood and proximal adolescent factors on Grade 10 alcohol use. All risk factors and two-way early individual-by-context interactions, and interactions of each of these with child sex, were entered into the initial regression. Significant sex interactions prompted the use of separate models for girls and boys. In addition to the identification of early (family socioeconomic status, authoritative parenting style) and proximal adolescent (mental health symptoms, deviant friends) risk factors for both girls and boys, results highlighted important sex differences. In particular, girls with higher alcohol consumption at Grade 10 were distinguished by the interaction of early temperamental disinhibition and exposure to parental stress; boys with higher alcohol consumption at Grade 10 were distinguished primarily by early temperamental negative affect. Results have implications for the timing and type of interventions offered to adolescents.}, Doi = {10.1037/a0022349}, Key = {fds254140} } @article{fds304749, Author = {Smith, PJ and Blumenthal, JA and Babyak, MA and Craighead, L and Welsh-Bohmer, KA and Browndyke, JN and Strauman, TA and Sherwood, A}, Title = {Effects of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet, exercise, and caloric restriction on neurocognition in overweight adults with high blood pressure.}, Journal = {Hypertension}, Volume = {55}, Number = {6}, Pages = {1331-1338}, Year = {2010}, Month = {June}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20305128}, Abstract = {High blood pressure increases the risks of stroke, dementia, and neurocognitive dysfunction. Although aerobic exercise and dietary modifications have been shown to reduce blood pressure, no randomized trials have examined the effects of aerobic exercise combined with dietary modification on neurocognitive functioning in individuals with high blood pressure (ie, prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension). As part of a larger investigation, 124 participants with elevated blood pressure (systolic blood pressure 130 to 159 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure 85 to 99 mm Hg) who were sedentary and overweight or obese (body mass index: 25 to 40 kg/m(2)) were randomized to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet alone, DASH combined with a behavioral weight management program including exercise and caloric restriction, or a usual diet control group. Participants completed a battery of neurocognitive tests of executive function-memory-learning and psychomotor speed at baseline and again after the 4-month intervention. Participants on the DASH diet combined with a behavioral weight management program exhibited greater improvements in executive function-memory-learning (Cohen's D=0.562; P=0.008) and psychomotor speed (Cohen's D=0.480; P=0.023), and DASH diet alone participants exhibited better psychomotor speed (Cohen's D=0.440; P=0.036) compared with the usual diet control. Neurocognitive improvements appeared to be mediated by increased aerobic fitness and weight loss. Also, participants with greater intima-medial thickness and higher systolic blood pressure showed greater improvements in executive function-memory-learning in the group on the DASH diet combined with a behavioral weight management program. In conclusion, combining aerobic exercise with the DASH diet and caloric restriction improves neurocognitive function among sedentary and overweight/obese individuals with prehypertension and hypertension.}, Doi = {10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.146795}, Key = {fds304749} } @article{fds254142, Author = {Smith, PJ and Blumenthal, JA and Hoffman, BM and Cooper, H and Strauman, TA and Welsh-Bohmer, K and Browndyke, JN and Sherwood, A}, Title = {Aerobic exercise and neurocognitive performance: a meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials.}, Journal = {Psychosom Med}, Volume = {72}, Number = {3}, Pages = {239-252}, Year = {2010}, Month = {April}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20223924}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of aerobic exercise training on neurocognitive performance. Although the effects of exercise on neurocognition have been the subject of several previous reviews and meta-analyses, they have been hampered by methodological shortcomings and are now outdated as a result of the recent publication of several large-scale, randomized, controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature review of RCTs examining the association between aerobic exercise training on neurocognitive performance between January 1966 and July 2009. Suitable studies were selected for inclusion according to the following criteria: randomized treatment allocation; mean age > or =18 years of age; duration of treatment >1 month; incorporated aerobic exercise components; supervised exercise training; the presence of a nonaerobic-exercise control group; and sufficient information to derive effect size data. RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies met inclusion criteria and were included in our analyses, representing data from 2049 participants and 234 effect sizes. Individuals randomly assigned to receive aerobic exercise training demonstrated modest improvements in attention and processing speed (g = 0.158; 95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.055-0.260; p = .003), executive function (g = 0.123; 95% CI, 0.021-0.225; p = .018), and memory (g = 0.128; 95% CI, 0.015-0.241; p = .026). CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic exercise training is associated with modest improvements in attention and processing speed, executive function, and memory, although the effects of exercise on working memory are less consistent. Rigorous RCTs are needed with larger samples, appropriate controls, and longer follow-up periods.}, Doi = {10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181d14633}, Key = {fds254142} } @article{fds254110, Author = {Strauman, TJ and Wilson, WA}, Title = {Individual Differences in Approach and Avoidance: Behavioral Activation/Inhibition and Regulatory Focus as Distinct Levels of Analysis}, Pages = {447-473}, Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL}, Year = {2010}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444318111.ch20}, Doi = {10.1002/9781444318111.ch20}, Key = {fds254110} } @article{fds254147, Author = {Eddington, KM and Dolcos, F and McLean, AN and Krishnan, KR and Cabeza, R and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Neural correlates of idiographic goal priming in depression: goal-specific dysfunctions in the orbitofrontal cortex.}, Journal = {Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci}, Volume = {4}, Number = {3}, Pages = {238-246}, Year = {2009}, Month = {September}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19433416}, Abstract = {We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to determine whether depressed (vs non-depressed) adults showed differences in cortical activation in response to stimuli representing personal goals. Drawing upon regulatory focus theory as well as previous research, we predicted that depressed patients would manifest attenuated left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) activation in response to their own promotion goals as well as exaggerated right OFC activation in response to their own prevention goals. Unmedicated adults with major depression (n = 22) and adults with no history of affective disorder (n = 14) completed questionnaires and a personal goal interview. Several weeks later, they were scanned during a judgment task which (unknown to them) included stimuli representing their promotion and prevention goals. Both groups showed similar patterns of task-related activation. Consistent with predictions, patients showed significantly decreased left OFC and increased right OFC activation compared to controls on trials in which they were exposed incidentally to their promotion and prevention goals, respectively. The results suggest that depression involves dysfunction in processing two important types of personal goals. The findings extend models of the etiology of depression to incorporate cognitive and motivational processes underlying higher order goal representation and ultimately may provide an empirical basis for treatment matching.}, Doi = {10.1093/scan/nsp016}, Key = {fds254147} } @article{fds254146, Author = {Cornette, MM and Strauman, TJ and Abramson, LY and Busch, AM}, Title = {Self-discrepancy and suicidal ideation}, Journal = {Cognition and Emotion}, Volume = {23}, Number = {3}, Pages = {504-527}, Publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, Year = {2009}, Month = {August}, ISSN = {0269-9931}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699930802012005}, Abstract = {The purpose of this study was to determine whether certain self-discrepancies predicted the extent to which individuals experienced suicidal ideation. The Selves Questionnaire (an idiographic measure of self-beliefs) was administered to 152 undergraduate participants, who also completed measures of hopelessness, depression, and suicidal ideation. Three kinds of self-discrepancies were associated with suicidal ideation: actual:ideal, actual:ought, and actual:ideal:future. Covariance structure analyses indicated a best-fitting model suggesting that, actual:ideal and actual:ideal:future self-discrepancies contribute to hopelessness, which in turn contributes to depression and suicidal ideation. The findings suggest that self-discrepancy, as a form of negative self-evaluation, may contribute to an individual's risk for suicidal ideation. Moreover, the findings point to an integration of self-discrepancy theory with hopelessness theory.}, Doi = {10.1080/02699930802012005}, Key = {fds254146} } @article{fds254144, Author = {Carrig, MM and Kolden, GG and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Using functional magnetic resonance imaging in psychotherapy research: a brief introduction to concepts, methods, and task selection.}, Journal = {Psychotherapy research : journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research}, Volume = {19}, Number = {4-5}, Pages = {409-417}, Year = {2009}, Month = {July}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19544187}, Abstract = {Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has become an increasingly important methodology in the study of psychotherapy outcome and process. In this article, the authors offer a brief introduction to the use of fMRI in psychotherapy research aimed primarily at the informed clinician or investigator and with the goal of facilitating an understanding of study design and interpretation of research findings. After introducing the method and offering a rationale for its use in the study of psychotherapy, the authors outline major issues in fMRI data collection and analysis and emphasize the central role of the tasks used during the imaging session as critical to the interpretation of findings. They discuss how task selection influences the conclusions that can be drawn from fMRI studies of psychotherapeutic intervention and close with recommendations and caveats for the consumer of fMRI/psychotherapy research.}, Doi = {10.1080/10503300902735864}, Key = {fds254144} } @article{fds254145, Author = {Jones, NP and Papadakis, AA and Hogan, CM and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Over and over again: rumination, reflection, and promotion goal failure and their interactive effects on depressive symptoms.}, Journal = {Behaviour research and therapy}, Volume = {47}, Number = {3}, Pages = {254-259}, Year = {2009}, Month = {March}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19166994}, Abstract = {Research indicates that examining failure experiences using an immersed processing style versus a non-immersed, self-distanced open style influences cognitions about the self, motivation, and subsequent depressive symptoms. However, the effect of processing goal failure experiences using these different processing styles have not been adequately incorporated into existing self-regulation theories of depression. In a cross-sectional study, we examined the interactive effects of rumination (versus reflection) and failure to attain promotion goals on depressive symptoms. As predicted, greater levels of promotion goal failure were associated with having more depressive symptoms for individuals who engage in moderate to high levels of rumination. In contrast, among individuals who engage in high levels of self-reflection, promotion goal failure was not associated with an appreciable increase in depressive symptoms. We discuss the implications of these results for self-regulatory theories of depression and treatments for depression.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.brat.2008.12.007}, Key = {fds254145} } @article{fds254126, Author = {Wonderlich, SA and Engel, SG and Peterson, CB and Robinson, MD and Crosby, RD and Mitchell, JE and Smith, TL and Klein, MH and Lysne, CM and Crow, SJ and Strauman, TJ and Simonich, HK}, Title = {Examining the conceptual model of integrative cognitive-affective therapy for BN: Two assessment studies.}, Journal = {The International journal of eating disorders}, Volume = {41}, Number = {8}, Pages = {748-754}, Year = {2008}, Month = {December}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18528869}, Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>Two studies sought to examine predictions of the Integrative Cognitive-Affective Therapy (ICAT) model, which views bulimic symptoms in terms of inter-relations between self-concept discrepancies, negative affect, and self-directed coping styles. The present results examine assessment-related predictions of this model.<h4>Method</h4>Individuals with bulimic symptoms were compared to noneating disorder control participants in two studies involving central constructs of the ICAT model.<h4>Results</h4>In both studies, bulimic individuals displayed higher levels of self-discrepancy and negative self-directed styles, supporting predictions of the model. Also predicted by the model, negative mood states mediated relations between bulimic status and negative self-directed coping styles in Study 2.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Assessment-related predictions of the ICAT model of bulimic symptoms were supported in two studies. These initial results support further tests of the model in longitudinal designs, contrasts of different clinical populations, and treatment-evaluation studies.}, Doi = {10.1002/eat.20551}, Key = {fds254126} } @article{fds254125, Author = {Strauman, TJ and Coe, CL and McCrudden, MC and Vieth, AZ and Kwapil, L}, Title = {Individual differences in self-regulatory failure and menstrual dysfunction predict upper respiratory infection symptoms and antibody response to flu immunization.}, Journal = {Brain, behavior, and immunity}, Volume = {22}, Number = {5}, Pages = {769-780}, Year = {2008}, Month = {July}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18294813}, Abstract = {Prior research indicates that cognitive priming manipulations that activate personal goals acutely increase or decrease natural killer cell cytotoxicity depending on whether individuals see themselves as making or failing to make progress toward their goals. Those findings in a laboratory setting revealed a psychobiological pathway whereby experiences of failure can influence health, but did not assess the impact of chronic perceived success/failure in goal pursuit on actual health outcomes. Three new studies investigated whether individual differences in perceived failure to attain personal goals influenced the self-reported symptoms of upper respiratory infections (URIs) as well as antibody response to flu immunization. Based on pilot data in young women, it also was hypothesized that the occurrence of menstrual dysfunction might interact with goal pursuit failure to more specifically predict cold and flu symptoms and optimal responses to vaccination. Perceived failure to attain goals did predict the reporting of URI symptoms as well as antibody levels post-immunization, both alone and in combination with menstrual dysfunction.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.bbi.2008.01.004}, Key = {fds254125} } @article{fds254128, Author = {Trivedi, R and Sherwood, A and Strauman, TJ and Blumenthal, JA}, Title = {Laboratory-based blood pressure recovery is a predictor of ambulatory blood pressure.}, Journal = {Biol Psychol}, Volume = {77}, Number = {3}, Pages = {317-323}, Year = {2008}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0301-0511}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18096293}, Abstract = {The recovery phase of the stress response is an individual difference characteristic that may predict cardiovascular risk. The purpose of this study was to examine whether laboratory-based blood pressure (BP) recovery predicts ambulatory BP (ABP). One hundred and eighty-two participants underwent a standard laboratory stress protocol, involving a 20-min baseline rest period, and four stressors presented in a counterbalanced order, each followed by a 10-min recovery period. Participants also wore an ABP monitor for 24h during a typical workday. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that BP recovery accounted for significant additional variance for daytime SBP (p<0.001), nighttime SBP (p<0.001), daytime DBP (p<0.001), and nighttime DBP (p<0.001), after controlling for baseline and reactivity BP. Results suggest that persistence of the BP response following stress may be a more salient characteristic of the stress response in understanding its potential impact on longer term cardiovascular regulation.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.11.004}, Key = {fds254128} } @article{fds254148, Author = {Eddington, KM and Dolcos, F and Cabeza, R and R Krishnan and KR and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Neural correlates of promotion and prevention goal activation: an fMRI study using an idiographic approach.}, Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci}, Volume = {19}, Number = {7}, Pages = {1152-1162}, Year = {2007}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0898-929X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17583991}, Abstract = {Regulatory focus theory [Higgins, E. T. Beyond pleasure and pain. American Psychologist, 52, 1280-1300, 1997] postulates two social-cognitive motivational systems, the promotion and prevention systems, for self-regulation of goal pursuit. However, the neural substrates of promotion and prevention goal activation remain unclear. Drawing on several literatures, we hypothesized that priming promotion versus prevention goals would activate areas in the left versus right prefrontal cortex (PFC), respectively, and that activation in these areas would be correlated with individual differences in chronic regulatory focus. Sixteen participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while engaged in a depth-of-processing task, during which they were exposed incidentally to their own promotion and prevention goals. Task-related cortical activation was consistent with previous studies. At the same time, incidental priming of promotion goals was associated with left orbital PFC activation, and activation in this area was stronger for individuals with a chronic promotion focus. Findings regarding prevention goal priming were not consistent with predictions. The data illustrate the centrality of self-regulation and personal goal pursuit within the multilayered process of social cognition.}, Doi = {10.1162/jocn.2007.19.7.1152}, Key = {fds254148} } @article{fds304748, Author = {Manian, N and Papadakis, AA and Strauman, TJ and Essex, MJ}, Title = {The development of children's ideal and ought self-guides: parenting, temperament, and individual differences in guide strength.}, Journal = {Journal of personality}, Volume = {74}, Number = {6}, Pages = {1619-1645}, Year = {2006}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0022-3506}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17083660}, Abstract = {Regulatory focus theory (RFT; Higgins, 1997) predicts that individual differences in the strength of promotion (ideal) and prevention (ought) orientations emerge from patterns of parent/child interactions that emphasize making good things happen versus keeping bad things from happening. This article examines the development of individual differences in the strength of children's promotion and prevention goals and presents selected findings from three studies exploring the origins of regulatory focus. We found a three-factor structure for parenting behaviors that differentiated between the presence/absence of positive outcomes versus the presence/absence of negative outcomes in two different data sets and validated that factor structure by examining its associations with maternal temperament. In turn, the parenting factors predicted individual differences in children's orientations to ideal and ought guides, and those associations were moderated by individual differences in child temperament.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00422.x}, Key = {fds304748} } @article{fds254153, Author = {Kolden, GG and Chisholm-Stockard, SM and Strauman, TJ and Tierney, SC and Mullen, EA and Schneider, KL}, Title = {Universal session-level change processes in an early session of psychotherapy: path models.}, Journal = {Journal of consulting and clinical psychology}, Volume = {74}, Number = {2}, Pages = {327-336}, Year = {2006}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0022-006X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16649877}, Abstract = {The authors used structural equation modeling to investigate universal change processes identified in the generic model of psychotherapy (GMP). Three path models of increasing complexity were examined in Study 1 in dynamic therapy. The best fitting model from Study 1 was replicated in Study 2 for participants receiving either cognitive or interpersonal therapy. Findings provided support for the universality of the GMP constructs in different types of therapy. Positive influences for therapeutic bond, openness, and realizations were observed, as was a surprising negative impact for one aspect of bond. Discussion highlights a complex conception of the therapy relationship that underscores the importance of investigating the multiple functions that the therapy relationship might serve in different psychotherapies.}, Doi = {10.1037/0022-006x.74.2.327}, Key = {fds254153} } @article{fds254151, Author = {Papadakis, AA and Prince, RP and Jones, NP and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Self-regulation, rumination, and vulnerability to depression in adolescent girls.}, Journal = {Development and psychopathology}, Volume = {18}, Number = {3}, Pages = {815-829}, Year = {2006}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0954-5794}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17152402}, Abstract = {There is increasing evidence that with the onset of adolescence, girls experience higher rates of depression than boys. However, a comprehensive understanding of the risk factors contributing to this emerging gender difference has yet to be attained. Previous studies indicate that both self-discrepancy, the perception that one is failing to attain an important personal goal, and ruminative coping, a tendency to passively and repetitively focus on one's failure and the causes and consequences of that failure, contribute to depression and that adolescent girls are more likely to manifest each than adolescent boys. In this translational study we tested the hypothesis that, whereas both actual:ideal discrepancy and ruminative coping style would independently predict depression in adolescent girls, the combination of high levels of actual:ideal discrepancy and ruminative coping would predict more severe depressive symptoms. Analyses of cross-sectional data in a sample of 223 girls ranging from 7th through 12th grades revealed a significant main effect for ruminative coping style and a trend for actual:ideal discrepancy, as well as the predicted interaction effect. We discuss the implications of this integrative psychosocial model for the etiology, treatment, and prevention of depression in adolescent girls.}, Doi = {10.1017/s0954579406060408}, Key = {fds254151} } @article{fds254149, Author = {Kolden, GG and Ward, A and LaCaille, R and Strauman, TJ and Mullen, B and Hunter, CB and Sanborn, L and Bangsberg, JK and Woods, TE and Kalin, NH and Stewart, JA}, Title = {Maintenance of exercise gains among women with primary breast cancer}, Journal = {Medicine & Science in Sports and Exercise}, Volume = {34}, Pages = {1613-1620}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds254149} } @article{fds254150, Author = {Manian, N and Papadakis, A and Strauman, TJ and Essex, M}, Title = {The development of children’s ideal and ought standards: The influence of parenting, maternal temperament, and child temperament}, Journal = {Journal of Personality}, Volume = {74}, Number = {6}, Pages = {1619-1645}, Year = {2006}, ISSN = {0022-3506}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17083660}, Abstract = {Regulatory focus theory (RFT; Higgins, 1997) predicts that individual differences in the strength of promotion (ideal) and prevention (ought) orientations emerge from patterns of parent/child interactions that emphasize making good things happen versus keeping bad things from happening. This article examines the development of individual differences in the strength of children's promotion and prevention goals and presents selected findings from three studies exploring the origins of regulatory focus. We found a three-factor structure for parenting behaviors that differentiated between the presence/absence of positive outcomes versus the presence/absence of negative outcomes in two different data sets and validated that factor structure by examining its associations with maternal temperament. In turn, the parenting factors predicted individual differences in children's orientations to ideal and ought guides, and those associations were moderated by individual differences in child temperament.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00422.x}, Key = {fds254150} } @article{fds254152, Author = {Strauman, TJ and Vieth, AZ and Merrill, KA and Woods, TE and Kolden, GG and Klein, MH and Papadakis, AA and Schneider, KL and Kwapil, L}, Title = {Self-system therapy as an intervention for self-regulatory dysfunction in depression: A randomized comparison with cognitive therapy}, Journal = {Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology}, Volume = {74}, Number = {2}, Pages = {367-376}, Year = {2006}, ISSN = {0022-006X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16649881}, Abstract = {Self-system therapy (SST) is a new therapy based on regulatory focus theory (E. T. Higgins, 1997) for depressed individuals unable to pursue promotion goals effectively. The authors conducted a randomized trial comparing SST with cognitive therapy (CT) in a sample of 45 patients with a range of depressive symptoms to test 2 hypotheses: that SST would be more efficacious for depressed individuals characterized by inadequate socialization toward pursuing promotion goals and that SST would lead to greater reduction in dysphoric responses to priming of promotion goals. There was no overall difference in efficacy between treatments, but patients whose socialization history lacked an emphasis on promotion goals showed significantly greater improvement with SST. In addition, SST patients showed a greater reduction in dysphoric responses to promotion goal priming than did CT patients. The results illustrate the value of a theory-based translational approach to treatment design and selection.}, Doi = {10.1037/0022-006x.74.2.367}, Key = {fds254152} } @article{fds303812, Author = {Kolden, GG and Klein, MH and Strauman, TJ and Chisholm-Stockard, S and Heerey, E and Schneider, KL and Smith, TL}, Title = {Early psychotherapy process and cluster B and C personality pathology: similarities and differences in interactions with symptomatic and interpersonal distress.}, Journal = {Psychotherapy research : journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research}, Volume = {15}, Number = {3}, Pages = {165-177}, Year = {2005}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {1050-3307}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22011147}, Abstract = {Abstract In a prior study (Kolden & Klein, 1996), the authors found that the relationships between global personality pathology and early psychotherapy change processes (as defined by the Generic Model of Psychotherapy) were moderated by the extent of the patient's acute symptomatic and interpersonal distress. In the current study, the authors reanalyzed the same data to examine similarities and differences between personality disorder Clusters B (dramatic, emotional, or erratic) and C (anxious or fearful) in therapy process. In general, we found that more distressed patients reported greater defensiveness. There were no significant interactions between symptomatic distress and personality pathology in the prediction of any of the process variables. However, interpersonal distress moderated relationships between Clusters B and C and some therapy processes. Patients high in Cluster B felt more open and involved in the session when they were less distressed by their interpersonal problems at the start of therapy. In contrast, openness and insight were impeded among patients high in Cluster C when they were less distressed interpersonally. Therapists generally used more direct interventions and exploration of past experiences when working with patients higher in Cluster C pathology. However, therapists used direct interventions more specifically when patients with more severe Cluster B pathology were also higher in interpersonal distress. The discussion considers implications for the facilitation of productive early therapy process in patients suffering from Cluster B or C personality pathology.}, Doi = {10.1080/10503300512331387825}, Key = {fds303812} } @article{fds254154, Author = {Kolden, GG and Klein, MH and Strauman, TJ and Chisholm Stockard and S and Heerey, E and Schneider, KL}, Title = {Early psychotherapy process: Interactions between Cluster B and C personality pathology and acute distress}, Journal = {Psychotherapy Research}, Volume = {15}, Number = {3}, Pages = {165-177}, Year = {2005}, ISSN = {1050-3307}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22011147}, Abstract = {Abstract In a prior study (Kolden & Klein, 1996), the authors found that the relationships between global personality pathology and early psychotherapy change processes (as defined by the Generic Model of Psychotherapy) were moderated by the extent of the patient's acute symptomatic and interpersonal distress. In the current study, the authors reanalyzed the same data to examine similarities and differences between personality disorder Clusters B (dramatic, emotional, or erratic) and C (anxious or fearful) in therapy process. In general, we found that more distressed patients reported greater defensiveness. There were no significant interactions between symptomatic distress and personality pathology in the prediction of any of the process variables. However, interpersonal distress moderated relationships between Clusters B and C and some therapy processes. Patients high in Cluster B felt more open and involved in the session when they were less distressed by their interpersonal problems at the start of therapy. In contrast, openness and insight were impeded among patients high in Cluster C when they were less distressed interpersonally. Therapists generally used more direct interventions and exploration of past experiences when working with patients higher in Cluster C pathology. However, therapists used direct interventions more specifically when patients with more severe Cluster B pathology were also higher in interpersonal distress. The discussion considers implications for the facilitation of productive early therapy process in patients suffering from Cluster B or C personality pathology.}, Doi = {10.1080/10503300512331387825}, Key = {fds254154} } @article{fds254155, Author = {Lett, HS and Blumenthal, JA and Babyak, MA and Strauman, TJ and Robins, C and Sherwood, A}, Title = {Social support and coronary heart disease: epidemiologic evidence and implications for treatment.}, Journal = {Psychosom Med}, Volume = {67}, Number = {6}, Pages = {869-878}, Year = {2005}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16314591}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The present paper reviews theories of social support and evidence for the role of social support in the development and progression of coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS: Articles for the primary review of social support as a risk factor were identified with MEDLINE (1966-2004) and PsychINFO (1872-2004). Reviews of bibliographies also were used to identify relevant articles. RESULTS: In general, evidence suggests that low social support confers a risk of 1.5 to 2.0 in both healthy populations and in patients with established CHD. However, there is substantial variability in the manner in which social support is conceptualized and measured. In addition, few studies have simultaneously compared differing types of support. CONCLUSIONS: Although low levels of support are associated with increased risk for CHD events, it is not clear what types of support are most associated with clinical outcomes in healthy persons and CHD patients. The development of a consensus in the conceptualization and measurement of social support is needed to examine which types of support are most likely to be associated with adverse CHD outcomes. There also is little evidence that improving low social support reduces CHD events.}, Doi = {10.1097/01.psy.0000188393.73571.0a}, Key = {fds254155} } @article{fds254122, Author = {Strauman, TJ and Woods, TE and Schneider, KL and Kwapil, L and Coe, CL}, Title = {Self-regulatory cognition and immune reactivity: idiographic success and failure feedback effects on the natural killer cell.}, Journal = {Brain, behavior, and immunity}, Volume = {18}, Number = {6}, Pages = {544-554}, Year = {2004}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0889-1591}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15331125}, Abstract = {Inducing depressed and anxious individuals to write about their personal goals decreases natural killer (NK) cell activity, revealing a psychobiological pathway whereby experiences of failure can influence health (Strauman et al., 1993). However, it is unclear whether similar effects also occur in non-distressed individuals. This study used the same writing task to examine the acute physiological effects of presenting idiographic success and failure feedback by priming self-congruencies or self-discrepancies on three occasions (including a control condition). Blood samples were collected after each writing session to determine NK activity, and the number and type of lymphocytes in circulation were enumerated to help explain the cytolytic changes. The two self-relevant priming conditions were associated with significant alterations in immunity, and the high self-discrepant participants were more responsive. Both self-congruent (success) and self-discrepant (failure) priming induced significant shifts in mood, which partially mediated immune alterations but did not account for them completely. If repeated and sustained over time, incidental activation of self-discrepancies and self-congruencies could account for individual variation in immune responses.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.bbi.2004.01.003}, Key = {fds254122} } @article{fds254160, Author = {Strauman, TJ}, Title = {The Basic Science/Clinical Science Interface and Treatment Development}, Journal = {Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice}, Volume = {11}, Number = {3}, Pages = {263-266}, Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)}, Year = {2004}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clipsy/bph081}, Abstract = {Psychological constructs often are incorporated into treatments before they are investigated systematically from a basic-science perspective. We discuss the potential costs of such a sequence of events and the potential benefits of closer working ties between basic and clinical scientists, and we consider how applying basic knowledge of cognitive processes could enhance our understanding of psychotherapy outcome and mechanisms of action. We call upon clinical and basic scientists to engage in a more "mindful" enterprise of translational research. © American Psychological Association D12 2004; all rights reserved.}, Doi = {10.1093/clipsy/bph081}, Key = {fds254160} } @article{fds254161, Author = {Waters, SJ and Keefe, FJ and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Self-discrepancy in chronic low back pain: relation to pain, depression, and psychological distress.}, Journal = {J Pain Symptom Manage}, Volume = {27}, Number = {3}, Pages = {251-259}, Year = {2004}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0885-3924}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15010103}, Abstract = {Self-discrepancies occur when patients' evaluations of their actual self differ from their views of who they ideally would like to be (ideal self) or feel they ought to be (ought self), or from patients' perceptions of how significant others wish they could be (ideal-other self) or ought to be (ought-other self). These self-discrepancies may be related to psychological functioning and adjustment to pain. This study sought to: 1) determine the reliability of self-discrepancy assessments in patients; 2) determine whether each of the four types of self-discrepancies (actual self vs. ideal self, actual self vs. ought self, actual self vs. ideal-other self and actual self vs. ought-other self) measure a distinct type of self-discrepancy; and, 3) examine the relationship of self-discrepancies to pain intensity, depression, and psychological distress in 93 chronic low back pain patients. A semi-structured questionnaire assessed self-discrepancies. Standardized measures were used to assess pain intensity, depression, and psychological distress. Results showed that self-discrepancies can be reliably assessed in patients with persistent pain. Furthermore, data analyses showed that patients who had large ought-other self-discrepancies reported more severe pain and higher levels of psychological distress. Patients who had large ideal self-discrepancies reported higher levels of depression and psychological distress. Taken together, these findings suggest that self-discrepancy can be reliably assessed in patients with persistent pain and demonstrate that self-discrepancies are related in meaningful ways to measures of pain, depression, and psychological distress in chronic low back pain patients.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2003.07.001}, Key = {fds254161} } @article{fds254194, Author = {Merrill, KA and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {The role of personality in cognitive-behavioral therapies}, Journal = {Behavior Therapy}, Volume = {35}, Number = {1}, Pages = {131-146}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {2004}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(04)80008-X}, Abstract = {Trait-based theories of personality explain behavior across situations based on a set of broad personality attributes or dimensions. In contrast, recent social-cognitive theories of personality emphasize the importance of context and take a combined nomothetic/idiographic approach to personality. The social-cognitive perspective on personality resembles cognitive-behavioral therapies, which explain behavior in particular situations based on interactions of specific cognitions, mood states, and stimulus conditions. This article considers how contemporary personality theory and research might be integrated into the study of the outcomes and processes associated with cognitive-behavioral therapies. We propose that applying the social-cognitive perspective on personality to the study of how cognitive-behavioral therapies work provides both validation of current theories and promising directions for additional research. We review the research literatures on cognitive theories of psychopathology and cognitive-behavioral treatments to examine how the topic of personality has been addressed in those literatures to date. We then explore some commonalities between cognitive theories of psychopathology and psychotherapy and recent social-cognitive approaches to personality, suggesting that an integration of the two areas is overdue.}, Doi = {10.1016/S0005-7894(04)80008-X}, Key = {fds254194} } @article{fds254193, Author = {Lett, HS and Blumenthal, JA and Babyak, MA and Sherwood, A and Strauman, T and Robins, C and Newman, MF}, Title = {Depression as a risk factor for coronary artery disease: evidence, mechanisms, and treatment.}, Journal = {Psychosom Med}, Volume = {66}, Number = {3}, Pages = {305-315}, Year = {2004}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15184688}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The present paper reviews the evidence that depression is a risk factor for the development and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: MEDLINE searches and reviews of bibliographies were used to identify relevant articles. Articles were clustered by theme: depression as a risk factor, biobehavioral mechanisms, and treatment outcome studies. RESULTS: Depression confers a relative risk between 1.5 and 2.0 for the onset of CAD in healthy individuals, whereas depression in patients with existing CAD confers a relative risk between 1.5 and 2.5 for cardiac morbidity and mortality. A number of plausible biobehavioral mechanisms linking depression and CAD have been identified, including treatment adherence, lifestyle factors, traditional risk factors, alterations in autonomic nervous system (ANS) and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis functioning, platelet activation, and inflammation. CONCLUSION: There is substantial evidence for a relationship between depression and adverse clinical outcomes. However, despite the availability of effective therapies for depression, there is a paucity of data to support the efficacy of these interventions to improve clinical outcomes for depressed CAD patients. Randomized clinical trials are needed to further evaluate the value of treating depression in CAD patients to improve survival and reduce morbidity.}, Doi = {10.1097/01.psy.0000126207.43307.c0}, Key = {fds254193} } @article{fds254195, Author = {Vieth, A and Strauman, TJ and Kolden, G and Woods, T and Michels, J and Klein, MH}, Title = {Self-System Therapy: A theory-based psychotherapy for depression}, Journal = {Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice}, Volume = {10}, Number = {3}, Pages = {245-268}, Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)}, Year = {2003}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clipsy/bpg023}, Abstract = {This article introduces Self-System Therapy (SST), a brief, structured psychotherapy for the treatment of depression. SST conceptualizes depression as a failure of self-regulation and is intended for individuals whose depression and/or premorbid functioning are characterized by particular problems in self-regulation. This article provides an overview of SST, including its origins in basic and clinical research on self-discrepancy theory and self-regulation, the hypothesized etiological role of self-regulation in depression, the primary components of the treatment, and comparisons of SST with other psychotherapies for depression. The general structure of a course of treatment with SST is outlined, and a case example is presented to illustrate the goals and strategies of each phase. © 2003 American Psychological Association D12.}, Doi = {10.1093/clipsy/bpg023}, Key = {fds254195} } @article{fds254162, Author = {Kolden, GG and Strauman, TJ and Ward, A and Kuta, J and Woods, TE and Schneider, KL and Heerey, E and Sanborn, L and Burt, C and Millbrandt, L and Kalin, NH and Stewart, JA and Mullen, B}, Title = {A pilot study of group exercise training (GET) for women with primary breast cancer: feasibility and health benefits.}, Journal = {Psycho-oncology}, Volume = {11}, Number = {5}, Pages = {447-456}, Year = {2002}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {1057-9249}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12228878}, Abstract = {Evidence is accumulating for physical activity as an effective, well-tolerated, highly rewarding complementary behavioral intervention for enhancing quality of life (QOL) as well as fitness among individuals with chronic and even terminal illnesses. However, relatively few studies have examined the feasibility and potential health benefits of supervised, structured exercise programs for sedentary women with primary breast cancer. Forty women over the age of 45 with primary breast cancer participated in a course of group exercise training (GET) delivered in a structured format three times per week for 16 weeks. GET emphasizes physical activities that promote aerobic fitness, strength, and flexibility. Assessments of fitness/vigor and QOL were conducted prior to, during, and upon completion of the program. Results demonstrated that GET was feasible, safe, and well-tolerated. Moreover, the participants experienced significant health benefits over the course of the intervention in multiple dimensions of fitness/vigor (aerobic capacity, strength, flexibility) as well as QOL (increased positive affect, decreased distress, enhanced well-being, and improved functioning). Discussion highlights the need for inclusion of physical activity programs in comprehensive, complementary treatment regimes for breast cancer patients.}, Doi = {10.1002/pon.591}, Key = {fds254162} } @article{fds254159, Author = {Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Self-regulation and depression}, Journal = {Self and Identity}, Volume = {1}, Number = {2}, Pages = {151-157}, Publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, Year = {2002}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/152988602317319339}, Doi = {10.1080/152988602317319339}, Key = {fds254159} } @article{fds254156, Author = {Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Paradigms, promises, and the potential of clinical psychology.}, Journal = {Journal of clinical psychology}, Volume = {57}, Number = {9}, Pages = {1125-1132}, Year = {2001}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {0021-9762}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11494245}, Abstract = {Both Plaud's and Ilardi and Feldman's articles call for clinical psychology to redefine itself according to a particular paradigm or "unifying framework." This commentary focuses on the nature of clinical psychology as an applied discipline, whether clinical psychology in fact has an urgent need for a unifying framework, and whether radical behaviorism or cognitive neuroscience could provide such a framework. It is concluded that, as an applied field that draws both theory and method from a number of natural and social sciences, clinical psychology is served best by continued development and appropriation of competing scientific viewpoints rather than by fealty to a single perspective or paradigm.}, Doi = {10.1002/jclp.1079}, Key = {fds254156} } @article{fds254157, Author = {Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Self-regulation, affect regulation, and narcissism: Pieces of the puzzle}, Journal = {PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY}, Volume = {12}, Number = {4}, Pages = {239-242}, Publisher = {LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC}, Year = {2001}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {1047-840X}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000172639300014&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds254157} } @article{fds254158, Author = {Strauman, TJ and Kolden, GG and Stromquist, V and Davis, N and Kwapil, L and Heerey, E and Schneider, K}, Title = {The effects of treatments for depression on perceived failure in self-regulation}, Journal = {Cognitive Therapy and Research}, Volume = {25}, Number = {6}, Pages = {693-712}, Year = {2001}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0147-5916}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012915205800}, Abstract = {Two studies examined the effect of treatments for depression on perceived failure in self-regulation, operationalized as within-self discrepancy. In Study 1, patients received group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT); in Study 2, patients received either individual CBT, interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), or medication. Treatments showed equivalent efficacy, but only psychotherapy was associated with decreased self-discrepancy and priming reactivity. Highly self-discrepant patients showed less improvement than other patients in all treatments, even after controlling for initial severity. The findings suggest that treatments differ in their impact on self-regulatory cognition, and that highly self-discrepant patients may require longer or alternative treatment.}, Doi = {10.1023/A:1012915205800}, Key = {fds254158} } @article{fds254196, Author = {Kolden, GG and Strauman, TJ and Gittleman, M and Halverson, JL and Heerey, E and Schneider, KL}, Title = {The Therapeutic Realizations Scale-Revised (TRS-R): psychometric characteristics and relationship to treatment process and outcome.}, Journal = {Journal of clinical psychology}, Volume = {56}, Number = {9}, Pages = {1207-1220}, Year = {2000}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {0021-9762}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10987692}, Abstract = {Therapeutic realizations are one of five universal, session-level change processes explicated in the Generic Model of Psychotherapy. Realizations refer to session impacts, the moment-to-moment accomplishments that patients experience within sessions. This study establishes the psychometric characteristics and factor structure of a modified patient-rated measure of session-level effects, the Therapeutic Realization Scale-Revised (TRS-R). In addition, it shows the relationship of the TRS-R to treatment process and outcome from the perspective of both patients and therapists. The findings provide support for the TRS-R as a reliable and valid, multidimensional index of session-level treatment effects.}, Doi = {10.1002/1097-4679(200009)56:9<1207::aid-jclp7>3.0.co;2-z}, Key = {fds254196} } @article{fds6891, Author = {Strauman, T.J. and Segal, Z.V.}, Title = {The cognitive self in basic science, psychopathology, and psychotherapy}, Pages = {241-268}, Booktitle = {Self-relations in the psychotherapy process}, Publisher = {Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press}, Editor = {J.C. Muran}, Year = {2000}, Key = {fds6891} } @article{fds254164, Author = {Pierce, KM and Strauman, TJ and Vandell, DL}, Title = {Self-discrepancy, negative life events, and social support in relation to dejection in mothers of infants}, Journal = {Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology}, Volume = {18}, Number = {4}, Pages = {490-501}, Publisher = {Guilford Publications}, Year = {1999}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0736-7236}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.1999.18.4.490}, Abstract = {A diathesis-stress framework was used to examine self-discrepancy, negative life events, and social support in relation to dejection in a sample of 100 mothers who were between 3 and 12 months postpartum. In hierarchical regressions, actual:ideal (AI) discrepancy, but not actual:ought (AO) discrepancy, was positively associated with dejection assessed 2 weeks later. Negative life events were more strongly associated with dejection for mothers whose AI discrepancy was larger. Mothers who perceived less social support were more dejected, and AI discrepancy was more strongly associated with dejection when social support was lower. The regression model did not predict anxiety. The results support diathesis-stress theories of vulnerability to depression in that the interaction of the diathesis and the stress predicted dejection but not anxiety, as well as self-discrepancy theory in that AI discrepancy but not AO discrepancy predicted dejection.}, Doi = {10.1521/jscp.1999.18.4.490}, Key = {fds254164} } @article{fds304747, Author = {Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Is depression a dysfunction in self-regulating the brain/behavior system for approach?}, Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, Volume = {22}, Number = {3}, Pages = {536-537}, Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, Year = {1999}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X9941204X}, Abstract = {This commentary examines the implications of the Depue and Collins model for the etiology and treatment of depression, specifically, whether it can account for findings concerning neurobiological, behavioral, and phenomenological facets of depression. Drawing upon the construct of self- regulation, I explore the fit of the model to current knowledge about depression, conceptualized as a dysfunction within a hypothetical brain/behavior system for maximizing positive outcomes.}, Doi = {10.1017/S0140525X9941204X}, Key = {fds304747} } @article{fds254163, Author = {Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Is depression a dysfunction in self-regulating the brain/behavior system for approach?}, Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, Volume = {22}, Number = {3}, Pages = {571-572}, Year = {1999}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X9941204X}, Abstract = {This commentary examines the implications of the Depue and Collins model for the etiology and treatment of depression, specifically, whether it can account for findings concerning neurobiological, behavioral, and phenomenological facets of depression. Drawing upon the construct of self- regulation, I explore the fit of the model to current knowledge about depression, conceptualized as a dysfunction within a hypothetical brain/behavior system for maximizing positive outcomes.}, Doi = {10.1017/S0140525X9941204X}, Key = {fds254163} } @article{fds254165, Author = {Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Using imagination and personalized suggestion to change people: A commentary}, Journal = {Behavior Therapy}, Volume = {29}, Number = {4}, Pages = {707-714}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {1998}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0005-7894}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(98)80027-0}, Abstract = {The methods and findings of Loftus and Mazzoni (1998) are examined from a multidisciplinary perspective in which both cognitive and motivational factors are hypothesized to influence memory. Drawing upon theories of social influence, the role of persuasion in memory reconstruction as well as behavior change in general is reviewed.}, Doi = {10.1016/S0005-7894(98)80027-0}, Key = {fds254165} } @article{fds254166, Author = {Manian, N and Strauman, TJ and Denney, N}, Title = {Temperament, recalled parenting styles, and self-regulation: Testing the developmental postulates of self-discrepancy theory.}, Journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, Volume = {75}, Number = {5}, Pages = {1321-1332}, Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)}, Year = {1998}, ISSN = {0022-3514}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9866190}, Abstract = {Self-discrepancy theory (SDT) postulates that self-regulatory systems corresponding to the ideal and ought self-domains emerge from the influences of temperament (e.g., sensitivity to stimuli for positive vs. negative outcomes) and socialization (e.g., parenting behaviors and interpersonal outcome contingencies). This article reports 2 studies testing the developmental postulates of SDT concurrently and retrospectively. Study 1 showed that self-regulation with reference to the ideal vs. the ought domain was differentially associated with recollections of parenting styles of warmth and rejection, respectively. In Study 2, these findings were replicated, and self-regulation with reference to the ideal vs. ought domain was discriminantly associated with questionnaire measures of positive vs. negative temperament. Findings support the developmental postulates of SDT, despite the limitations of retrospective studies.}, Doi = {10.1037//0022-3514.75.5.1321}, Key = {fds254166} } @article{fds254120, Author = {Strauman, TJ and Kolden, GG}, Title = {The self in depression: Research trends and clinical implications}, Journal = {In Session - Psychotherapy in Practice}, Volume = {3}, Number = {3}, Pages = {5-21}, Publisher = {WILEY}, Year = {1997}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6572(199723)3:3<5::AID-SESS2>3.0.CO;2-K}, Abstract = {This article offers n brief selective review of basic research findings linking the self to clinical depression. Criteria used for identifying the most influential research trends included theoretical impact, extent of empirical support, and potential clinical utility. We discuss and summarize several of the most productive areas of research on the self; self-esteem, the self-schema, and self-inconsistency. Within each topic area, the most important findings and their applicability to psychotherapy for depression are presented. The article concludes with a discussion of issues raised by the review itself and a set of recommendations for applying basic research findings to treatment selection and psychotherapeutic intervention.}, Doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1520-6572(199723)3:3<5::AID-SESS2>3.0.CO;2-K}, Key = {fds254120} } @article{fds300103, Author = {Strauman, TJ and Kolden, GG}, Title = {Self-discrepancy and psychotherapy for depression}, Journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY}, Volume = {31}, Number = {3-4}, Pages = {2054-2054}, Publisher = {PSYCHOLOGY PRESS}, Year = {1996}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0020-7594}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1996VE85700963&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds300103} } @article{fds300108, Author = {Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Self-discrepancy theory: Validity and clinical implications}, Journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY}, Volume = {31}, Number = {3-4}, Pages = {2050-2050}, Publisher = {PSYCHOLOGY PRESS}, Year = {1996}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0020-7594}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1996VE85700959&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds300108} } @article{fds254167, Author = {Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Stability within the self: A longitudinal study of the structural implications of self-discrepancy theory.}, Journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, Volume = {71}, Number = {6}, Pages = {1142-1153}, Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)}, Year = {1996}, ISSN = {0022-3514}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8979383}, Abstract = {Self-discrepancy theory emphasizes the emotional significance of patterns of relations between the self-concept and ideal and ought self-guides and predicts stability within the self related to structural characteristics independent of specific self-beliefs. It was hypothesized that whereas participants' specific self-descriptions would vary substantially over time, magnitude of self-discrepancy, regulatory focus (the individual's dominant self-guide domain), and other structural features would be stable. Participants (N = 47) were recruited from 2 samples that had completed a self-belief interview and a childhood memory cued-recall task 3 years earlier (T. J. Strauman, 1990). As expected, participants' self-descriptions varied, but magnitude and type of self-discrepancy, associations between self-guide domains and childhood memories, and correlates of regulatory focus were stable.}, Doi = {10.1037//0022-3514.71.6.1142}, Key = {fds254167} } @article{fds300104, Author = {Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Psychopathology from a self-regulation perspective.}, Journal = {Journal of Psychotherapy Integration}, Volume = {5}, Number = {4}, Pages = {313-321}, Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)}, Year = {1995}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {1053-0479}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1995UE49500002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Doi = {10.1037/h0101256}, Key = {fds300104} } @article{fds254168, Author = {Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Self pathology from a self-regulation perspective}, Journal = {Journal of Psychotherapy Integration}, Volume = {5}, Pages = {313-321}, Year = {1995}, Key = {fds254168} } @article{fds254119, Author = {Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Introduction: social cognition, psychodynamic psychology, and the representation and processing of emotionally significant information.}, Journal = {Journal of personality}, Volume = {62}, Number = {4}, Pages = {451-458}, Year = {1994}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0022-3506}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7861301}, Abstract = {This special issue examines two perspectives on how people comprehend and respond to significant features of their lives: psychoanalytic psychology and social cognition. The articles included present new empirical findings relevant to the overlap of psychoanalysis and social-cognitive psychology, as well as commentaries from each perspective. This introduction summarizes important conceptual and methodological challenges in the integration of two such distinct approaches to emotionally significant information.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-6494.1994.tb00305.x}, Key = {fds254119} } @article{fds300105, Author = {Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Self-representations and the nature of cognitive change in psychotherapy.}, Journal = {Journal of Psychotherapy Integration}, Volume = {4}, Series = {The Cognitive Sciences and Psychotherapy}, Number = {4}, Pages = {291-316}, Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)}, Editor = {In B.E. Wolfe}, Year = {1994}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {1053-0479}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1994PZ11000002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Doi = {10.1037/h0101160}, Key = {fds300105} } @article{fds254169, Author = {Strauman, TJ and Glenberg, AM}, Title = {Self-concept and body-image disturbance: Which self-beliefs predict body size overestimation?}, Journal = {Cognitive Therapy and Research}, Volume = {18}, Number = {2}, Pages = {105-125}, Publisher = {Springer Nature}, Year = {1994}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0147-5916}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357219}, Abstract = {Two studies investigated the relation between self-concept and body-image disturbance in selected female undergraduates. In each study, high- and low-body-shape-concerned women completed a set of self-concept assessments, including both appearance-specific questions and a measure of general self-discrepancies. One month later, they participated in an experiment in which they made judgments comparing the sizes of body silhouettes to their own bodies. Signal detection analysis indicated that the groups differed significantly on the criterion for deciding that a silhouette was larger than their own bodies (bias) but not on the ability to accurately discriminate among silhouettes (sensitivity). Among self-concept measures, overall actual:ideal self-discrepancy was the best predictor of subjects' biases in estimating their own body sizes. © 1994 Plenum Publishing Corporation.}, Doi = {10.1007/BF02357219}, Key = {fds254169} } @article{fds38793, Author = {Strauman, T.J.}, Title = {Introduction to the special issue}, Journal = {Journal of Personality (Special Issue)}, Volume = {62}, Series = {Social Cognition and Psychodynamic Theory: The Representation and Processing of Emotionally Significant Information}, Pages = {431-439}, Editor = {T.J. Strauman}, Year = {1994}, Key = {fds38793} } @article{fds254172, Author = {Newman, JP and Wallace, JF and Strauman, TJ and Skolaski, RL and Oreland, KM and Mattek, PW and Elder, KA and McNeely, J}, Title = {Effects of motivationally significant stimuli on the regulation of dominant responses.}, Journal = {Journal of personality and social psychology}, Volume = {65}, Number = {1}, Pages = {165-175}, Year = {1993}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0022-3514}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8355138}, Abstract = {In 4 experiments, Ss responded as quickly as possible to indicate whether character strings consisted of letters or numbers. Following a warning stimulus that was or was not designed to trigger a motivational-emotional response in particular subgroups (viz., those with high anxiety, discrepant self-concepts, and eating disorders), strings were presented in a central (dominant) location on 75% of the trials or in 1 of 4 peripheral (nondominant) locations. Consistent with hypotheses, response times to peripherally located strings were significantly slower following motivationally significant than following neutral warning stimuli. Contrary to hypotheses, such stimuli did not facilitate responding to centrally located strings. It is proposed that motivationally significant stimuli engender a temporary reduction in control processing that hinders regulation of dominant responses.}, Doi = {10.1037//0022-3514.65.1.165}, Key = {fds254172} } @article{fds254118, Author = {Strauman, TJ and Lemieux, AM and Coe, CL}, Title = {Self-discrepancy and natural killer cell activity: immunological consequences of negative self-evaluation.}, Journal = {Journal of personality and social psychology}, Volume = {64}, Number = {6}, Pages = {1042-1052}, Year = {1993}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {0022-3514}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8326467}, Abstract = {The study tested whether self-discrepancy theory could account for changes in natural killer (NK) cell activity after exposure to self-referential stimuli. Anxious, dysphoric, and control Ss were pretested and 1 month later covertly exposed to their own self-guides as well as those of another S. Blood samples were drawn for analysis of NK cytotoxicity and cortisol. The dysphoric Ss manifested the greatest actual:ideal discrepancy, whereas the anxious Ss manifested the greatest actual:ought discrepancy. Content analysis of written responses showed that activating discrepancies induced specific negative states; priming discrepancies also increased cortisol for the anxious Ss. NK activity was lower after self-referential priming for both distressed groups, particularly the anxious Ss. The control Ss showed a trend toward increased NK activity after self-referential priming. The study represents the 1st experimental demonstration that negative self-evaluation can alter immune responses.}, Doi = {10.1037//0022-3514.64.6.1042}, Key = {fds254118} } @article{fds304746, Author = {Levin, AP and Saoud, JB and Strauman, T and Gorman, JM and Fyer, AJ and Crawford, R and Liebowitz, MR}, Title = {Responses of "generalized" and "discrete" social phobics during public speaking}, Journal = {Journal of Anxiety Disorders}, Volume = {7}, Number = {3}, Pages = {207-221}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {1993}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0887-6185}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0887-6185(93)90003-4}, Abstract = {Thirty-six patients meeting DSM-IIIR social phobia criteria (28 "generalized," 8 "discrete") and 14 controls were monitored during a 10-minute simulated speech. Both patient groups reported less overall confidence in public speaking than controls. Generalized social phobic patients also exceeded controls in both subjective and manifest anxiety during the simulated speech. Discrete social phobic patients exceeded controls in anticipatory anxiety prior to the speaking challenge and in heart rate prior to and during the challenge. Generalized patients exceeded discrete social phobic patients in lack of confidence in public speaking and in subjective anxiety during the speech, but discrete patients exceeded generalized in heart rate elevation before and during the speech. The results underline the necessity of subtyping social phobia during psychobiological study, and suggest mechanisms by which symptoms are mediated in the two subtypes. © 1993.}, Doi = {10.1016/0887-6185(93)90003-4}, Key = {fds304746} } @article{fds336559, Author = {Strauman, TJ and Lemieux, AM and Coe, CL}, Title = {Self-Discrepancy and Natural Killer Cell Activity: Immunological Consequences of Negative Self-Evaluation}, Journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, Volume = {64}, Number = {6}, Pages = {1042-1052}, Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)}, Year = {1993}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.64.6.1042}, Abstract = {The study tested whether self-discrepancy theory could account for changes in natural killer (NK) cell activity after exposure to self-referential stimuli. Anxious, dysphoric, and control Ss were pretested and 1 month later covertly exposed to their own self-guides as well as those of another S. Blood samples were drawn for analysis of NK cytotoxicity and cortisol. The dysphoric Ss manifested the greatest actual: ideal discrepancy, whereas the anxious Ss manifested the greatest actual: ought discrepancy. Content analysis of written responses showed that activating discrepancies induced specific negative states; priming discrepancies also increased cortisol for the anxious Ss. NK activity was lower after self-referential priming for both distressed groups, particularly the anxious Ss. The control Ss showed a trend toward increased NK activity after self-referential priming. The study represents the 1st experimental demonstration that negative self-evaluation can alter immune responses.}, Doi = {10.1037/0022-3514.64.6.1042}, Key = {fds336559} } @article{fds38772, Author = {Strauman, T.J. and Higgins, E.T.}, Title = {The self in social cognition: Past, present, and future}, Pages = {3-40}, Booktitle = {The self in emotional distress}, Publisher = {Guilford Press}, Editor = {Z. Siegel and S. Blatt}, Year = {1993}, Key = {fds38772} } @article{fds254170, Author = {Strauman, TJ and Lemieux, A and Coe, C}, Title = {Self-discrepancies and natural killer cell activity: The influence of individual differences in self-regulation on stress physiology}, Journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, Volume = {64}, Pages = {1042-1052}, Year = {1993}, Key = {fds254170} } @article{fds254171, Author = {Levin, AP and Saoud, JB and Strauman, TJ and Gorman, JM and Fyer, AJ and Crawford, R and Liebowitz, MR}, Title = {Responses of "generalized" and "discrete" social phobics during public speaking}, Journal = {Journal of Anxiety Disorders}, Volume = {5}, Number = {3}, Pages = {224-236}, Year = {1993}, ISSN = {0887-6185}, Abstract = {Thirty-six patients meeting DSM-IIIR social phobia criteria (28 "generalized," 8 "discrete") and 14 controls were monitored during a 10-minute simulated speech. Both patient groups reported less overall confidence in public speaking than controls. Generalized social phobic patients also exceeded controls in both subjective and manifest anxiety during the simulated speech. Discrete social phobic patients exceeded controls in anticipatory anxiety prior to the speaking challenge and in heart rate prior to and during the challenge. Generalized patients exceeded discrete social phobic patients in lack of confidence in public speaking and in subjective anxiety during the speech, but discrete patients exceeded generalized in heart rate elevation before and during the speech. The results underline the necessity of subtyping social phobia during psychobiological study, and suggest mechanisms by which symptoms are mediated in the two subtypes. © 1993.}, Key = {fds254171} } @article{fds254173, Author = {Cudeck, R and Chaplin, W and Harlow, L and LaDu, TJ and Panter, AT and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Tanaka, Jeffrey S. – 1958-1992}, Journal = {Multivariate Behavioral Research}, Volume = {28}, Number = {2}, Pages = {161-170}, Publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, Year = {1993}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr2802_1}, Doi = {10.1207/s15327906mbr2802_1}, Key = {fds254173} } @article{fds254175, Author = {Strauman, TJ and Wetzler, S}, Title = {The Factor Structure of SCL-90 and MCMI Scale Scores: Within-Measure and Interbattery Analyses.}, Journal = {Multivariate behavioral research}, Volume = {27}, Number = {1}, Pages = {1-20}, Year = {1992}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0027-3171}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1992JC41000001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Abstract = {This article reports scale-level factor analyses for two widely used self-report measures of psychopathology - the Symptom Checklist-90-R (Derogatis, 1983) and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (Millon, 1983) - and compares the obtained factor structures with findings reported in the literature to determine whether each instrument possesses a reliable, meaningful dimensional structure underlying its scale scores. The sample was a heterogeneous group of psychiatric inpatients and outpatients (N = 130). The SCL-90 scale scores formed two highly correlated factors (anxious depression andparanoid thinking), although the scale intercorrelations could be adequately accounted for by a single factor (as in previous reports). The MCMI scale scores formed three factors (anxiousdepression and emotionality, paranoid and manic thinking, and schizoid thinking), of which the first and second were also highly intercorrelated. Supplementary analyses indicated that to a considerable degree the MCMI factor invariance was an artifact of item overlap among the scales. An interbattery factor analysis was then performed to determine whether any common factors could describe the variance shared among the two instruments' subscales. Two interbattery factors were obtained, representing anxious depression and emotionality and paranoid thinking respectively. The two measures, when used separately, appear to offer only limited interpretability of scale profiles, although their combined use appears to permit differentiation between two major symptom configurations.}, Doi = {10.1207/s15327906mbr2701_1}, Key = {fds254175} } @article{fds254174, Author = {Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Nothing ado about much: Overlooked opportunities for cognitive approaches to depression?}, Journal = {Psychological Inquiry}, Volume = {3}, Number = {3}, Pages = {266-269}, Publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, Year = {1992}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0303_16}, Doi = {10.1207/s15327965pli0303_16}, Key = {fds254174} } @article{fds254176, Author = {Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Self, social cognition, and psychodynamics: Caveats and challenges for integration}, Journal = {Psychological Inquiry}, Volume = {3}, Number = {1}, Pages = {67-71}, Publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, Year = {1992}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0301_19}, Doi = {10.1207/s15327965pli0301_19}, Key = {fds254176} } @article{fds254177, Author = {Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Self-guides, autobiographical memory, and anxiety and dysphoria: Toward a cognitive model of vulnerability to emotional distress.}, Journal = {Journal of Abnormal Psychology}, Volume = {101}, Number = {1}, Pages = {87-95}, Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)}, Year = {1992}, ISSN = {0021-843X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1537978}, Abstract = {Several aspects of a cognitive model of vulnerability to emotional disorders based on self-discrepancy theory were tested. Anxious, dysphoric, anxious/dysphoric, and control subjects participated in 3 studies over a 4-month period: screening, assessment of self-guides and self-discrepancies, and an autobiographical memory task in which different types of retrieval cues (including self-guides) were presented and subjects reported childhood memories as they came to mind. Actual:ideal discrepancy was associated with persistent dysphoria, whereas actual:ought discrepancy was associated with persistent anxiety. Self-guide cues resulted in more efficient retrieval and greater unintended negative emotional content than comparable cue types. The groups were differentiated only by negative affect content in response to self-guide cues.}, Doi = {10.1037//0021-843x.101.1.87}, Key = {fds254177} } @article{fds254179, Author = {Stromquist, VJ and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Children's Social Constructs: Nature, Assessment, and Association with Adaptive Versus Maladaptive Behavior}, Journal = {Social Cognition}, Volume = {9}, Number = {4}, Pages = {330-358}, Publisher = {Guilford Publications}, Year = {1991}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0278-016X}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1991HG76900002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Doi = {10.1521/soco.1991.9.4.330}, Key = {fds254179} } @article{fds303811, Author = {Strauman, TJ and Vookles, J and Berenstein, V and Chaiken, S and Higgins, ET}, Title = {Self-discrepancies and vulnerability to body dissatisfaction and disordered eating.}, Journal = {Journal of personality and social psychology}, Volume = {61}, Number = {6}, Pages = {946-956}, Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)}, Year = {1991}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0022-3514}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1774632}, Abstract = {Two studies explored the relevance of self-discrepancies for body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. In Study 1, actual:ideal self-discrepancies of female undergraduates correlated with body shape dissatisfaction independent of Ss' body mass and number of appearance-related self-beliefs; actual:ought discrepancy was discriminantly associated with anorexic-related attitudes and behaviors. In Study 2 (using a mixed-gender sample), bulimic-related behaviors were associated with a form of actual:ideal discrepancy (unfulfilled positive potential) whereas anorexic-related symptoms were associated with actual:ought discrepancy. Both genders showed the predicted relations between self-discrepancies and disordered eating, and the predicted associations remained even when appearance-related attributes were excluded from scoring of self-discrepancies.}, Doi = {10.1037//0022-3514.61.6.946}, Key = {fds303811} } @article{fds254181, Author = {Jackson, BS and Strauman, J and Frederickson, K and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Long-term biopsychosocial effects of interleukin-2 therapy.}, Journal = {Oncology nursing forum}, Volume = {18}, Number = {4}, Pages = {683-690}, Year = {1991}, Month = {May}, ISSN = {0190-535X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1906165}, Abstract = {This three-year project evaluates the biopsychosocial effects of interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy on the first 45 patients treated with the therapy at the Moses Division of the Montefiore Medical Center in Bronx, NY, starting in April 1986. Therapy with IL-2 and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells is a promising new development but requires an extensive amount of supportive care. Various important issues must be considered in planning the care of patients being treated with IL-2, including the effects of the treatment on quality of life, the cost of resources necessary for providing therapy, and the emotional effects of treatments. The instruments used to measure the various aspects of quality of life were the Sickness Impact Profile, the Inventory of Current Concerns, the Symptom Distress Scale, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Scale, and the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System. The researchers believe that, in addition to tumor response, the biopsychosocial and financial effects of treatment should be understood.}, Key = {fds254181} } @article{fds254182, Author = {Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Psychopathology and the Construction of Meaning: Comments on a Proposed Law of Cognitive Structure Activation}, Journal = {Psychological Inquiry}, Volume = {2}, Number = {2}, Pages = {208-210}, Publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, Year = {1991}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0202_28}, Abstract = {Although I may not agree with the specific thrust of the proposal, the spirit of the proposed law is entirely congruent with my own theoretical and research emphasis, and so I appreciate the opportunity to comment on the authors' assertions and evidence. These comments should be seen as concerned with the utility of positing a law of cognitive structure activation rather than as a criticism of a general knowledge-activation perspective. The authors have performed a valuable service by challenging investigators to address questions of knowledge activation in their research domains. Whether the principles they postulate will ultimately achieve the status of a law is essentially an empirical question; my view is that the lesson to be drawn from the proposal is that knowledge activation is one important process in determining behavior. Nonetheless, acknowledging that the construction of meaning is a central determinant of behavior, and that the activation of knowledge structures is an essential component of the meaning-construction process, will continue to benefit investigation of psychopathology, where it is clear that "nothing is good or bad but that thinking makes it so.".}, Doi = {10.1207/s15327965pli0202_28}, Key = {fds254182} } @article{fds254178, Author = {Frederickson, K and Jackson, BS and Strauman, T and Strauman, J}, Title = {Testing hypotheses derived from the Roy Adaptation Model.}, Journal = {Nursing science quarterly}, Volume = {4}, Number = {4}, Pages = {168-174}, Year = {1991}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089431849100400409}, Abstract = {This study investigated the role of perception and biopsychosocial adaptation in patients with cancer entering an aggressive cancer treatment program. The Roy adaptation model provided the framework from which hypotheses were derived and tested. The hypotheses proposed that physiological stimuli are translated by the cognator through perception that alters the biopsychosocial responses. Forty-five patients were tested as they entered into the chemotherapy program. The APACHE II was used to measure actual physiological status; the Symptom Distress Profile was used to measure subjects' perceived physiological discomfort, and the Sickness Impact Profile was used to measure subjects' perceived effect of the cancer on their psychosocial adaptation. The results supported the theoretical predictions that perception of symptoms is positively correlated with psychosocial adaptation and not with actual physiological status. In addition, perception of symptoms and psychosocial adaptation were correlated with survival at six months and not with actual physiological status. Discussion of findings addresses theoretical and practice issues.}, Doi = {10.1177/089431849100400409}, Key = {fds254178} } @article{fds254180, Author = {Strauman, TJ and Vookles, J and Barenstein, V and Chaiken, S and Higgins, ET}, Title = {Self-discrepancies and vulnerability to body dissatisfaction and disordered eating}, Journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, Volume = {61}, Number = {6}, Pages = {1443-1456}, Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)}, Year = {1991}, ISSN = {0022-3514}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1774632}, Abstract = {Two studies explored the relevance of self-discrepancies for body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. In Study 1, actual:ideal self-discrepancies of female undergraduates correlated with body shape dissatisfaction independent of Ss' body mass and number of appearance-related self-beliefs; actual:ought discrepancy was discriminantly associated with anorexic-related attitudes and behaviors. In Study 2 (using a mixed-gender sample), bulimic-related behaviors were associated with a form of actual:ideal discrepancy (unfulfilled positive potential) whereas anorexic-related symptoms were associated with actual:ought discrepancy. Both genders showed the predicted relations between self-discrepancies and disordered eating, and the predicted associations remained even when appearance-related attributes were excluded from scoring of self-discrepancies.}, Doi = {10.1037//0022-3514.61.6.946}, Key = {fds254180} } @article{fds254183, Author = {Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Self-Guides and Emotionally Significant Childhood Memories: A Study of Retrieval Efficiency and Incidental Negative Emotional Content}, Journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, Volume = {59}, Number = {5}, Pages = {869-880}, Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)}, Year = {1990}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0022-3514}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.59.5.869}, Abstract = {Two studies examined the effects of several cue types on ease of retrieval and incidental negative emotional content of childhood memories. Subjects were presented an individually tailored list of cues and verbalized the first memory of a childhood experience that came to mind. Both studies included self-guide cues (trait attributes representing accessible, emotionally significant self-evaluative standards), affect cues (positive and negative emotion labels), and yoked-control cues (self-guide cues of other subjects). In Study 1, both ease of retrieval (average time to retrieval and number of failed trials) and proportion of incidental negative content varied by cue type; negative affect cues led to the most efficient retrieval and most negative content, whereas self-guide cues (especially self-discrepant cues) showed greater ease of retrieval and negative content than control cues. Study 2 included two additional self-referential cue types (TAT and self-rating checklist) to examine the influences of self-referentiality and affectivity on the dependent measures. Negative affect cues and self-guide cues were again associated with greater ease of retrieval and greater incidental negative content. Both negative emotionality and self-evaluative significance appear to influence retrieval of emotionally significant childhood memories.}, Doi = {10.1037/0022-3514.59.5.869}, Key = {fds254183} } @article{fds254184, Author = {Ciobanu, N and Runowicz, CD and Wiernik, PH and Strauman, T and Sheridan, C and Bast, RC}, Title = {CA 125 levels in patients with ovarian carcinoma undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation.}, Journal = {American journal of obstetrics and gynecology}, Volume = {160}, Number = {2}, Pages = {354-355}, Year = {1989}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {0002-9378}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(89)90442-0}, Abstract = {Levels of CA 125, determined in three patients with ovarian carcinoma undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation, dropped significantly in the month after bone marrow transplantation. This decrease was linear by multiple regression analysis. The CA 125 decrease after bone marrow transplantation in patients with nonevaluable or stable disease may represent biologic response to high-dose therapy.}, Doi = {10.1016/0002-9378(89)90442-0}, Key = {fds254184} } @article{fds254185, Author = {Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Self-discrepancies in clinical depression and social phobia: cognitive structures that underlie emotional disorders?}, Journal = {Journal of abnormal psychology}, Volume = {98}, Number = {1}, Pages = {14-22}, Year = {1989}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {0021-843X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2708634}, Abstract = {Previous research indicates that self-discrepancies are cognitive structures that can induce emotional discomfort. The present study compared clinically depressed and social phobic subjects (plus controls) to determine whether different self-discrepancies were associated with the two disorders. In Part 1, it was shown that the depressives possessed the greatest discrepancy between their actual and ideal/own self-states, whereas the social phobics possessed the greatest discrepancy between their actual and ought/other self-states. In a later, ostensibly unrelated study, subjects responded verbally to questions about other people while their mood changes, skin conductance responses, and verbalizations were recorded. The questions included attributes from the subject's ideal and ought self-states that were mismatches with attributes from his or her actual self, as well as mismatch attributes from other subjects. Priming with self-referential mismatches induced momentary syndromes of dejection or agitation (depending on the type of mismatch). The depressives and social phobics showed the greatest increases in dejection and agitation, respectively, according to their dominant self-discrepancy. The results suggest that specific cognitive structures may underlie clinical depression and anxiety.}, Doi = {10.1037//0021-843x.98.1.14}, Key = {fds254185} } @article{fds254186, Author = {Wetzler, S and Kahn, R and Strauman, TJ and Dubro, A}, Title = {Diagnosis of major depression by self-report.}, Journal = {Journal of personality assessment}, Volume = {53}, Number = {1}, Pages = {22-30}, Year = {1989}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0022-3891}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2918454}, Abstract = {The Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI), and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) test profiles of inpatients and outpatients with DSM-III major depression (n = 48) were contrasted with the test profiles of a control group of patients with diverse psychiatric disorders (n = 68). In addition, the diagnostic efficiency of the relevant depression subscales for the diagnosis of major depression were examined. The results indicated that the three self-report tests may be used to diagnose DSM-III major depression, and that the depressed patients had characteristic test profiles.}, Doi = {10.1207/s15327752jpa5301_3}, Key = {fds254186} } @article{fds38755, Author = {Strauman, T.J.}, Title = {The paradox of the self: A psychodynamic/social-cognitive integration}, Pages = {311-339}, Booktitle = {Self-defeating behaviors: Experimental findings, clinical impressions, and practical implications}, Publisher = {New York: Plenum Press}, Editor = {R.C. Curtis}, Year = {1989}, Key = {fds38755} } @article{fds254187, Author = {Strauman, TJ and Higgins, ET}, Title = {Self-discrepancies as predictors of vulnerability to distinct syndromes of chronic emotional distress.}, Journal = {Journal of personality}, Volume = {56}, Number = {4}, Pages = {685-707}, Year = {1988}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0022-3506}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3230504}, Abstract = {Two types of self-discrepancy differing in both domain and standpoint of self-guide were examined as predictors of vulnerability to chronic emotional syndromes. Study 1 assessed discrepancy between the actual/own self-state and the ideal/own self-guide and between the actual/own self-state and the ought/other self-guide in predicting syndromes of dejection and agitation as well as different types of anger. Actual/own: ideal/own discrepancy (AI) was uniquely related to dejection, frustration, and anger at self as measured 2 months later; actual/own:ought/other discrepancy (AOO) was uniquely related to agitation and to anger at others and resentment. Study 2 used structural equation modeling of the relations between AI and AOO discrepancy and social anxiety versus depression as measured weeks later. A model in which AOO was more strongly associated with social anxiety and AI was more strongly associated with depressive symptoms provided the best fit. The results support the convergent and discriminant validity of a self-discrepancy model of vulnerability to chronic emotional syndromes.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-6494.1988.tb00472.x}, Key = {fds254187} } @article{fds254188, Author = {Kahn, RS and Wetzler, S and van Praag, HM and Asnis, GM and Strauman, T}, Title = {Behavioral indications for serotonin receptor hypersensitivity in panic disorder.}, Journal = {Psychiatry research}, Volume = {25}, Number = {1}, Pages = {101-104}, Year = {1988}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0165-1781}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(88)90163-1}, Abstract = {Immediate placebo-corrected behavioral responses to m-chlorophenylpiperazine (MCPP), a selective serotonin agonist, are reported in 11 normal controls, 10 patients with panic disorder, and 10 patients with major depression. Whereas the normal and depressed groups showed no noteworthy behavioral response, panic disorder patients became more anxious, depressed, and hostile, and 60% had panic attacks. These data suggest a hypersensitive postsynaptic serotonin receptor system in some panic disorder patients.}, Doi = {10.1016/0165-1781(88)90163-1}, Key = {fds254188} } @article{fds38752, Author = {Liebowitz, M.R. and Strauman, T.J.}, Title = {Social phobia}, Pages = {203-220}, Booktitle = {Modern perspectives in psychosocial pathology}, Publisher = {New York: Brunner-Mazel}, Editor = {G. Howells}, Year = {1988}, Key = {fds38752} } @article{fds38750, Author = {Higgins, E.T. and Strauman, T.J. and Klein, R.}, Title = {Self-discrepancies: Distinguishing among self-states, self-state conflicts, and emotional vulnerabilities}, Booktitle = {Self and identity: Psychosocial perspectives}, Publisher = {New York: John Wiley and Sons}, Editor = {K. Yardley and T. Honess}, Year = {1987}, Key = {fds38750} } @article{fds254189, Author = {Strauman, TJ and Higgins, ET}, Title = {Automatic activation of self-discrepancies and emotional syndromes: When cognitive structures influence affect.}, Journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, Volume = {53}, Number = {6}, Pages = {1004-1014}, Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)}, Year = {1987}, ISSN = {0022-3514}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3694448}, Abstract = {Different types of self-discrepancies are associated with different negative affects. Two studies were conducted to determine whether automatic activation of specific actual-self: self-guide mismatches, as cognitive structures, would induce distinct emotional states. Subjects possessing significant discrepancies between their actual self and either their ideal self-guide (attributes that someone wishes or hopes the person would possess) or their ought self-guide (attributes that someone believes the person has the duty or obligation to possess) responded verbally to an audiotape while "thinking about other people." Study 1 involved two kinds of priming attributes: self-relevant and yoked (another subject's self-relevant attributes). Activating mismatches induced momentary syndromes of dejection (sadness, decreased arousal) in ideal-discrepant subjects but induced agitation (nervousness, increased arousal) in ought-discrepant subjects. In Study 2, subjects were randomized to either self-relevant/nondiscrepant, self-discrepant, or yoked priming. The findings of Study 1 were replicated for the self-discrepant priming condition alone. Results indicate that (a) mismatches constitute cognitive structures and (b) automatic activation of different mismatches via contextual priming induces distinct types of emotional discomfort.}, Doi = {10.1037//0022-3514.53.6.1004}, Key = {fds254189} } @article{fds254190, Author = {Higgins, ET and Bond, RN and Klein, R and Strauman, T}, Title = {Self-discrepancies and emotional vulnerability: how magnitude, accessibility, and type of discrepancy influence affect.}, Journal = {Journal of personality and social psychology}, Volume = {51}, Number = {1}, Pages = {5-15}, Year = {1986}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0022-3514}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.1.5}, Abstract = {Two studies examined whether the type of emotional change experienced by individuals is influenced by the magnitude and accessibility of the different types of self-discrepancies they possess. In both studies, subjects filled out a measure of self-discrepancy a few weeks prior to the experimental session. Subjects were asked to list up to 10 attributes each for different self-states--their actual self, their ideal self (their own or others' hopes and goals for them), and their ought self (their own or others' beliefs about their duty and obligations). Magnitude of self-discrepancy was calculated by comparing the attributes in the actual self to the attributes in either the ideal self or the ought self, with the total number of attribute pairs that matched being subtracted from the total number of attribute pairs that mismatched. In Study 1, subjects were asked to imagine either a positive event or a negative event and were then given a mood measure and a writing-speed task. Subjects with a predominant actual:ideal discrepancy felt more dejected (e.g., sad) and wrote more slowly in the negative event condition than in the positive event condition, whereas subjects with a predominant actual:ought discrepancy, if anything, felt more agitated (e.g., afraid) and wrote more quickly in the negative event condition. In Study 2, subjects were selected who were either high in both kinds of discrepancies or low in both. Half of the subjects in each group were asked to discuss their own and their parents' hopes and goals for them (ideal priming), and the other half were asked to discuss their own and their parents' beliefs concerning their duty and obligations (ought priming). For high-discrepancy subjects, but not low-discrepancy subjects, ideal priming increased their dejection whereas ought priming increased their agitation. The implications of these findings for identifying cognitive-motivational factors that may serve as vulnerability markers for emotional problems is discussed.}, Doi = {10.1037/0022-3514.51.1.5}, Key = {fds254190} } @article{fds38747, Author = {Higgins, E.T. and Strauman, T.J. and Klein, R.}, Title = {Standards and the process of self-evaluation: Multiple affects from multiple stages}, Booktitle = {Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior}, Publisher = {Erlbaum}, Editor = {R. Sorrentino and E.T. Higgins}, Year = {1986}, Key = {fds38747} } @article{fds254191, Author = {Higgins, ET and Klein, R and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Self-concept discrepancy theory: A psychological model for distinguishing among different aspects of depression and anxiety}, Journal = {Social Cognition}, Volume = {3}, Number = {1}, Pages = {51-76}, Publisher = {Guilford Publications}, Year = {1985}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/soco.1985.3.1.51}, Doi = {10.1521/soco.1985.3.1.51}, Key = {fds254191} } @article{fds254192, Author = {Higgins, ET and Strauman, TJ and Klein, R}, Title = {Self-concept discrepancy theory: Domain of self and standpoint on self as cognitive dimensions of the self}, Journal = {Bulletin of the British Psychological Society}, Volume = {37}, Pages = {112}, Year = {1984}, Key = {fds254192} } %% Books @book{fds333506, Author = {Eddington, KM and Strauman, T and Vieth, A and Kolden, G}, Title = {Self-system Therapy for Depression: Therapist Guide}, Pages = {160 pages}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press}, Year = {2017}, Month = {December}, ISBN = {9780190602512}, Key = {fds333506} } %% Chapters in Books @misc{fds336554, Author = {Langer, S and Todd, M and Burns, J and Bolger, N and Bricker, JB and Romano, JM and Syrjala, K and Keefe, F and Strauman, TJ and Ghosh, NL and Puleo, B and Randall, AK and Hagan, R and Porter, L}, Title = {TEMPORAL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN COMMUNICATION, MOOD, AND RELATIONSHIP SATISFACTION: AN ECOLOGICAL MOMENTARY ASSESSMENT STUDY}, Journal = {ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE}, Volume = {52}, Pages = {S732-S732}, Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC}, Year = {2018}, Month = {April}, Key = {fds336554} } @misc{fds336555, Author = {Langer, S and Todd, M and Burns, J and Romano, JM and Bolger, N and Bricker, JB and Syrjala, K and Keefe, F and Strauman, TJ and Ghosh, NL and Puleo, B and Gralow, J and Shankaran, V and Westbrook, K and Zafar, Y and Porter, L}, Title = {A SMARTPHONE-BASED APPROACH TO GATHERING TWICE-DAILY REPORTS OF COMMUNICATION AND MOOD AMONG COUPLES COPING WITH CANCER}, Journal = {ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE}, Volume = {52}, Pages = {S229-S229}, Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC}, Year = {2018}, Month = {April}, Key = {fds336555} } @misc{fds254103, Author = {Carrig, MM and Kolden, GG and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Using functional magnetic resonance imaging in psychotherapy research: A brief introduction to concepts, methods and task selection}, Pages = {72-84}, Booktitle = {Quantitative and Qualitative Methods in Psychotherapy Research}, Publisher = {Routledge}, Address = {New York}, Editor = {S. Knox and W. Lutz}, Year = {2014}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9780203386071}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203386071}, Doi = {10.4324/9780203386071}, Key = {fds254103} } @misc{fds324775, Author = {Carrig, MM and Kolden, GG and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Using functional magnetic resonance imaging in psychotherapy research: A brief introduction to concepts, methods, and task selection.}, Pages = {72-84}, Booktitle = {Quantitative and qualitative methods in psychotherapy research}, Publisher = {Routledge}, Editor = {Lutz, W and Knox, S}, Year = {2014}, Key = {fds324775} } @misc{fds254114, Author = {Strauman, TJ and Klenk, MM and Eddington, KM}, Title = {Self-regulation as a mediator of change in psychotherapy}, Pages = {209-216}, Booktitle = {Changing emotions}, Publisher = {Routledge}, Address = {London}, Editor = {D. Hermans and B. Rimé and B. Mesquita}, Year = {2013}, Month = {December}, ISBN = {9780203075630}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000315701500029&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Doi = {10.4324/9780203075630}, Key = {fds254114} } @misc{fds361382, Author = {Strauman, TJ and Klenk, MM and Eddington, KM}, Title = {Self-regulation as a mediator of change in psychotherapy}, Pages = {209-216}, Booktitle = {Changing Emotions}, Publisher = {Psychology Press}, Address = {London}, Editor = {D. Hermans and B. Rimé and B. Mesquita}, Year = {2013}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9781848720909}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203075630-38}, Abstract = {Regulatory focus and depression Individual differences in regulatory focus develop primarily from differential exposure to positive-outcome-focused vs. negative-outcome-focused parenting, with temperament manifesting an indirect influence by sensitizing or buffering children to the reward and punishment contingencies from their interactions with parents. Affective responses to ideal or ought goal pursuit feedback are moderated by individual differences in strength of orientation to promotion and prevention goals. People’s fundamental needs for promotion and prevention have significant implications relating to the behaviors, evaluations, and experiences that characterize our social identities, the nature of our social perceptions and appraisals, and our reactions to social feedback. Although regulatory focus was originally conceptualized at the psychological level of analysis, EEG and FMRI studies have begun to identify its neurobiological correlates. These findings provide an important conceptual bridge to understanding how individual differences in regulatory focus, as a cognitive/ motivational orientation, might be implicated in vulnerability to psychopathology. Eddington, Dolcos, Cabeza, Krishnan, and Strauman (2007) found that priming of promotion goals was associated with activation in left orbitofrontal cortex (LOFC), whereas priming of prevention goals was associated with activation in right OFC. In addition, individual differences in promotion focus correlated significantly with magnitude of LOFC response to promotion goal priming. Thus, individuals whose socialization history shaped a dominant orientation toward promotion goals-that is, a characteristic world view in which social interactions are typically viewed as opportunities to “make good things happen”-manifested a characteristic neural activation pattern when incidentally exposed to social stimuli relevant to their own promotion goals. The Eddington et al. study was the first to use FMRI to link idiographicallyassessed personal goal priming with changes in OFC activation-a region implicated in representing the hedonic value of primary as well as abstract (secondary) reinforcers in decision making, and in performance monitoring (Ramnani and Owen, 2004). Furthermore, the left OFC activation following promotion goal priming was detected while participants were performing a task unrelated to goal pursuit, suggesting that promotion and prevention goals, as highly accessible knowledge structures, can be activated implicitly and still have a pervasive influence on the interpretation of social stimuli. Chronic perceived failure to attain promotion versus prevention goals is associated with symptoms of depression vs. anxiety respectively. Strauman (2002) proposed a model in which individuals whose socialization histories led them to acquire a strong orientation toward promotion goals were more vulnerable to depression when exposed to chronic failure feedback. Whereas under normal circumstances these individuals self-regulate effectively toward their goals and respond to acute failure feedback adaptively, they would become vulnerable to depression if they experience chronic or catastrophic goal pursuit failure. If promotion goal priming is associated with left OFC activation, and individuals experiencing chronic failure to attain promotion goals are vulnerable to depression, then among such individuals depression should be characterized by a dysfunction in left OFC activation following promotion goal priming. Given the evidence for a bidirectional functional link between OFC and limbic structures regulating affect and motivation, changes in OFC activation driven by perceived failure in self-regulation could feed back directly to the amygdala and related limbic structures. Consistent with this hypothesized pathway, Eddington, Dolcos, McLean, Cabeza, Krishnan, and Strauman (2009) found that clinically depressed individuals showed attenuated left OFC activation following promotion goal priming. Depressed participants who also reported significant levels of anxiety symptoms likewise manifested a significant increase in right OFC activation following prevention goal priming. This combination of left OFC hypoactivation (representing a deficit in promotion goal pursuit motivation) with right OFC hyperactivation (representing a vigilant and ruminative response to cues for prevention goals) was consistent with the high degree of comorbidity between unipolar depression and generalized anxiety disorder. In addition to the prediction that promotion goal pursuit failure will be associated with dysphoric affect and (if sufficiently chronic) depressive symptoms, there are other characteristics of the promotion goal system that help to explain how, under specific conditions, certain individuals might become vulnerable to depression when they experience chronic promotion goal failure. Individuals with a characteristic promotion orientation will be more likely to construe goals in promotion (gain/non-gain) terms and will be more committed to goals that are framed in promotion terms. For these individuals, there will be more opportunity for promotion success (“gain”), but also more opportunities for promotion failure (“non-gain”). Also, failure to attain a specific promotion goal increases the importance of promotion goals in general as well as the individual’s motivation to pursue them, because promotion goals are more interconnected than prevention goals. And in addition, even a small actual-ideal discrepancy (promotion failure) is highly motivationally significant, due to the greater degree of interconnectedness among promotion goals. Thus, for individuals with a dominant promotion orientation, promotion failure feedback takes precedence in social information processing and drives affective reactions to subsequent goal pursuit. Finally, promotion goals are also more substitutable than prevention goals, but only if the individual can effectively disengage from pursuing one promotion goal and engage in a substitute goal. Otherwise, individuals will become trapped by unsuccessful pursuit of a goal they are failing to attain and experience more intense and chronic dysphoric affect. Although the data are consistent with this hypothesized pathway to depression, social-cognitive mechanisms alone cannot provide a sufficient account either for normal variability in affective and motivational responses to goal pursuit failure or for vulnerability to depression associated with maladaptive self-regulation. Nonetheless, cross-disciplinary research linking genetic, neurobiological, and behavioral levels of analysis is beginning to identify how variability in brain function contributes to individual differences in complex behavioral traits and how such diatheses interact with environmental factors to precipitate psychiatric disorders (e.g., Hariri, 2009). For example, research indicates that genetic and neurobiological factors interact with socialization patterns to influence the development of individual differences in self-regulation of goal pursuit. In turn, the cognitive-motivational systems postulated by RFT are largely responsible for affective responses to socially-embedded goal pursuit feedback, and therefore represent potential sources of vulnerability to mood disorders via their interactions with neural mechanisms that underlie incentive motivation, approach behavior, and affective responses to goal-relevant feedback. We hypothesize that a combination of three contributory factors-individual differences in regulatory focus, genetically determined individual differences in goal-specific information processing and the intensity and duration of affective responses to goal-relevant feedback, and the experience of chronic failure to attain a particular kind of personal goal-creates a self-regulation pathway to depression. A critical feature of the proposed phenotype is the conditional nature of its relation to depressive vulnerability. Because individual differences in regulatory focus involve both costs and benefits, vulnerability to depression will depend upon the individual’s social context. Under circumstances of chronic perceived promotion goal pursuit failure, such individuals would be more vulnerable to intense, prolonged dysphoric affect, would perseverate on failure feedback, would have greater difficulty objectively evaluating their progress and, if needed, disengaging from promotion goal pursuit, and could ultimately “spiral down” into a state of diminished appetitive motivation, anhedonia, and hopelessness.}, Doi = {10.4324/9780203075630-38}, Key = {fds361382} } @misc{fds200640, Author = {Strauman, T.J. and Goetz, E.L.}, Title = {Self-regulation failure and health: Pathways to mental and physical illness.}, Pages = {247-267}, Booktitle = {Handbook of self and identity (2nd edition)}, Publisher = {Guilford Press}, Address = {New York}, Editor = {M.R. Leary and J.P. Tangney}, Year = {2012}, Key = {fds200640} } @misc{fds200641, Author = {Strauman, T.J. and Klenk, M.M. and Eddington, K.M.}, Title = {Self-regulation as a mediator of change in psychotherapy}, Booktitle = {Changing Emotions}, Publisher = {Psychology Press}, Address = {London}, Editor = {D. Hermans and B. Rime and B. Mesquita}, Year = {2011}, Key = {fds200641} } @misc{fds183829, Author = {Strauman, T.J. and Costanzo, P.R. and Garber, J.}, Title = {Depression in adolescent girls: Challenges for basic science and prevention}, Booktitle = {Depression in adolescent girls: Science and prevention}, Editor = {T.J. Strauman and J. Garber and P. Costanzo}, Year = {2011}, Key = {fds183829} } @misc{fds168208, Author = {Papadakis, A.A. and Strauman, T.J.}, Title = {Self-regulation, rumination, and vulnerability to depression: A gender-based model and its implications for prevention.}, Booktitle = {Preventing depression in adolescent girls: Science and prevention}, Publisher = {New York: Guilford Press}, Editor = {T.J. Strauman and J. Garber and P. Costanzo}, Year = {2011}, Key = {fds168208} } @misc{fds300106, Author = {Goetz, EL and Pizzagalli, DA and Hariri, AR and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Regulatory Focus and Reward Sensitivity: Integrating Social-Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Perspectives}, Journal = {BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY}, Volume = {67}, Number = {9}, Pages = {63S-63S}, Publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC}, Year = {2010}, Month = {May}, ISSN = {0006-3223}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000277064200202&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds300106} } @misc{fds141750, Author = {Strauman, T.J. and McCrudden, M.C. and Jones, N.P.}, Title = {Self-regulation and psychopathology: Toward an integrative perspective.}, Pages = {84-113}, Booktitle = {Social psychological foundations of clinical psychology}, Publisher = {New York: Cambridge University Press}, Editor = {J. Maddux and J.P. Tangney}, Year = {2010}, Key = {fds141750} } @misc{fds168209, Author = {Strauman, T.J. and Wilson, W.A.}, Title = {Individual differences in approach and avoidance: Behavioral activation/inhibition and regulatory focus as distinct systems.}, Pages = {447-473}, Booktitle = {Handbook of self-regulation and personality}, Publisher = {New York: Guilford Press}, Editor = {R. Hoyle}, Year = {2010}, Key = {fds168209} } @misc{fds42787, Author = {Strauman, T.J. and Costanzo, P.R. and Jones, N.P. and McLean, A.N. and Eddington, K.M.}, Title = {Contributions of social psychology to clinical psychology: Three views of a research frontier}, Pages = {850-868}, Booktitle = {Social Psychology: Handbook of Basic Principles (2nd Edition)}, Publisher = {Guilford Press}, Editor = {E.T. Higgins and A.W. Kruglanski}, Year = {2007}, Key = {fds42787} } @misc{fds42789, Author = {Strauman, T.J. and Eddington, K.M. and McCrudden, M.C.}, Title = {Affective science and psychotherapy: In search of synergy}, Pages = {285-304}, Booktitle = {Emotion and Psychopathology: Bridging Affective and Clinical Science}, Publisher = {American Psychological Association Press}, Editor = {J. Rottenberg and S.L. Johnson}, Year = {2007}, Key = {fds42789} } @misc{fds300107, Author = {Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Self-beliefs, self-evaluation, and depression: A perspective on emotional vulnerability}, Journal = {STRIVING AND FEELING}, Pages = {175-201}, Booktitle = {Striving and feeling: Interactions among goals, affect, and self-regulation}, Publisher = {LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL}, Editor = {Martin, LL and Tesser, A}, Year = {1996}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {0-8058-1629-1}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1996BF70R00008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds300107} } | |
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