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| Publications of Marty G. Woldorff :chronological combined listing:
%% Journal Articles
@article{fds323876,
Author = {Liotti, M and Mayberg, HS and Jones, VM and Agan, LC and Cook, CI and Woldorff, MG and Jerabek, PA and Fox, PT},
Title = {410. Interactive effects in the anterior cingulate of
sadness and selective attention: a PET study},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {47},
Number = {8},
Pages = {S125-S126},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2000},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00680-6},
Doi = {10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00680-6},
Key = {fds323876}
}
@article{fds341291,
Author = {van den Berg, B and Geib, BR and San Martín and R and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {A key role for stimulus-specific updating of the sensory
cortices in the learning of stimulus-reward
associations.},
Journal = {Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci},
Volume = {14},
Number = {2},
Pages = {173-187},
Year = {2019},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsy116},
Abstract = {Successful adaptive behavior requires the learning of
associations between stimulus-specific choices and rewarding
outcomes. Most research on the mechanisms underlying such
processes has focused on subcortical reward-processing
regions, in conjunction with frontal circuits. Given the
extensive stimulus-specific coding in the sensory cortices,
we hypothesized they would play a key role in the learning
of stimulus-specific reward associations. We recorded
electrical brain activity (using electroencephalogram)
during a learning-based decision-making gambling task where,
on each trial, participants chose between a face and a house
and then received feedback (gain or loss). Within each
20-trial set, either faces or houses were more likely to
predict a gain. Results showed that early feedback
processing (~200-1200 ms) was independent of the choice
made. In contrast, later feedback processing
(~1400-1800 ms) was stimulus-specific, reflected by
decreased alpha power (reflecting increased cortical
activity) over face-selective regions, for winning-vs-losing
after a face choice but not after a house choice. Finally,
as the reward association was learned in a set, there was an
increasingly stronger attentional bias towards the more
likely winning stimulus, reflected by increasing attentional
orienting-related brain activity and increasing likelihood
of choosing that stimulus. These results delineate the
processes underlying the updating of stimulus-reward
associations during feedback-guided learning, which then
guide future attentional allocation and decision-making.},
Doi = {10.1093/scan/nsy116},
Key = {fds341291}
}
@article{fds277539,
Author = {Baumgart, F and Gaschler-Markefski, B and Woldorff, MG and Heinze,
HJ and Scheich, H},
Title = {A movement-sensitive area in auditory cortex.},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {400},
Number = {6746},
Pages = {724-726},
Year = {1999},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10466721},
Keywords = {Auditory Cortex • Humans • Magnetic Resonance
Imaging • Motion Perception • physiology*},
Abstract = {A number of experiments requiring attention or other complex
cognitive functions have found substantial activation in the
anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Some of these studies have
suggested that this area may be involved in "selection for
action," such as for selecting to respond to a target
stimulus. Here, positron emission tomography (PET) and
event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to study the
effects of target probability during a demanding visual
spatial attention task, in which the target percentage was
either low (2%, 1 per approximately 26 sec) or high (16%, 1
per approximately 3.5 sec). As expected, ERPs to detected
targets evoked large, bilaterally distributed P300 waves.
The PET showed strong activation of the ACC, particularly
dorsally, during all the attend conditions relative to
passive. However, these PET activations did not
significantly differ between the few-target and many-target
conditions, showing only a small trend to be larger in the
many-target case. Such results indicate that the bulk of the
ACC activation does not reflect selection for action per se,
while also suggesting that the ACC is not a likely source of
the P300 effect. The current data, however, do not argue
against the ACC serving a role in maintaining a vigilant or
anticipatory state in which one may need to select for
action, or in continually or repeatedly (i.e., for each
stimulus) needing to resolve whether to select to act or to
not act.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1038/23390},
Key = {fds277539}
}
@article{fds277480,
Author = {Weissman, DH and Mangun, GR and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {A role for top-down attentional orienting during
interference between global and local aspects of
hierarchical stimuli.},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {17},
Number = {3},
Pages = {1266-1276},
Year = {2002},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1053-8119},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12414266},
Keywords = {Adult • Arousal • Attention • Brain Mapping*
• Cerebral Cortex • Female • Humans •
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted* • Magnetic
Resonance Imaging* • Male • Orientation •
Psychomotor Performance • Psychophysics •
physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {Various models of selective attention propose that greater
attention is allocated toward target stimuli when
conflicting distracters make selection more difficult, but
compelling evidence to support this view is scarce. In the
present experiment, 15 participants performed a cued
global/local selective attention task while brain activity
was recorded with event-related functional magnetic
resonance imaging. The presence of conflicting versus
nonconflicting distracters during target processing
activated regions of frontal, parietal, and visual cortices
that were also activated when participants oriented
attention in response to global- and local-task cues. These
findings support models in which conflict between target and
distracter stimuli is resolved by more selectively focusing
attention upon target stimuli.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1006/nimg.2002.1284},
Key = {fds277480}
}
@article{fds277474,
Author = {Liotti, M and Pliszka, SR and Perez, R and Kothmann, D and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Abnormal brain activity related to performance monitoring
and error detection in children with ADHD.},
Journal = {Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System
and Behavior},
Volume = {41},
Number = {3},
Pages = {377-388},
Year = {2005},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0010-9452},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15871602},
Keywords = {Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity • Brain
• Child • Electroencephalography • Evoked
Potentials • Gyrus Cinguli • Humans •
Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Male • Signal
Detection, Psychological* • physiology •
physiopathology • physiopathology*},
Abstract = {Brain electrical activity associated with inhibitory control
was recorded in ten ADHD and ten healthy children using high
density event related potentials (ERPs) during the Stop
Signal Task (SST). SST is a two-choice reaction time (RT)
paradigm, in which subjects are required, on 25% of the
trials, to withdraw their response upon presentation of a
"Stop Signal". In the healthy children, the ERP evoked by
the Stop Signal differed for successful inhibitions (SI)
compared to failed inhibitions (FI), with greater amplitude
of a positive wave peaking around 320 msec over anterior
medial frontal scalp (P3a). Such success-related P3a
activity was significantly reduced in amplitude in the ADHD
group. In addition, the error related negativity (ERN), a
sharp negative wave that is present selectively on error
trials in choice RT experiments, peaking 100 ms after motor
onset, and distributed over anterior medial frontal scalp,
was also markedly reduced in the ADHD group. The scalp
distribution of the group differences in P3a and the ERN is
consistent with a reduction of activity of sources in dorsal
anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), suggesting a global
deficit in cognitive control operations subserved by dACC in
ADHD.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70274-0},
Key = {fds277474}
}
@article{fds277446,
Author = {Gaschler-Markefski, B and Baumgart, F and Tempelmann, C and Woldorff,
MG and Scheich, H},
Title = {Activation of human auditory cortex in memory retrieval
experiments},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {9},
Number = {6 PART II},
Pages = {S946},
Year = {1999},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1053-8119},
Key = {fds277446}
}
@article{fds277538,
Author = {Gaschler-Markefski, B and Baumgart, F and Tempelmann, C and Woldorff,
MG and Scheich, H},
Title = {Activation of human auditory cortex in retrieval
experiments: an fMRI study.},
Journal = {Neural Plasticity},
Volume = {6},
Number = {3},
Pages = {69-75},
Year = {1998},
ISSN = {2090-5904},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9920684},
Keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation • Adult • Auditory Cortex
• Female • Functional Laterality • Humans
• Image Processing, Computer-Assisted • Magnetic
Resonance Imaging • Male • Memory • Middle
Aged • Music • Noise • adverse effects •
physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {In a previous functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) study, a
subdivision of the human auditory cortex into four distinct
territories was achieved. One territory (T1a) exhibited
functional specialization in terms of a foreground-background
decomposition task involving matching-to-sample monitoring
on tone sequences. The present study more specifically
determined whether memory-guided analysis of tone sequences
is part of the T1a specialization. During the encoding
periods, an arbitrary and unfamiliar four-tone-sequence
(melody) played by one instrument was presented. The
melody-instrument-combination was different in each period.
During subsequent retrieval periods, learned and additional
combinations were presented, and the tasks were either to
detect the target melodies (experiment I) or the target
instruments (experiment II). T1a showed larger activation
during the melody retrieval. The results generally suggest
that (1) activation of T1a during retrieval is determined
less by the sound material than by the executed task, and
(2) more specifically, that memory-guided sequential
analysis in T1a is dominant over recognition of
characteristic complex sounds.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1155/NP.1998.69},
Key = {fds277538}
}
@article{fds277456,
Author = {Liotti, M and Woldorff, MG and Xiong, J and Parsons, LM and Gao, JH and Pu,
Y and Zamarripa, F and Cook, CI and Jerabek, PA and Martin, CC and Fox,
PT},
Title = {Activations in visual cortex by language and non-language
tasks in the congenitally blind: A PET study},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {7},
Number = {4 PART II},
Pages = {S21},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(18)30854-1},
Doi = {10.1016/s1053-8119(18)30854-1},
Key = {fds277456}
}
@article{fds323869,
Author = {San Martín and R and Kwak, Y and Pearson, JM and Woldorff, MG and Huettel,
SA},
Title = {Altruistic traits are predicted by neural responses to
monetary outcomes for self vs charity.},
Journal = {Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci},
Volume = {11},
Number = {6},
Pages = {863-876},
Year = {2016},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsw026},
Abstract = {Human altruism is often expressed through charitable
donation-supporting a cause that benefits others in society,
at cost to oneself. The underlying mechanisms of this
other-regarding behavior remain imperfectly understood. By
recording event-related-potential (ERP) measures of brain
activity from human participants during a social gambling
task, we identified markers of differential responses to
receipt of monetary outcomes for oneself vs for a charitable
cause. We focused our ERP analyses on the frontocentral
feedback-related negativity (FRN) and three subcomponents of
the attention-related P300 (P3) brain wave: the
frontocentral P2 and P3a and the parietal P3b. The FRN
distinguished between gains and losses for both self and
charity outcomes. Importantly, this effect of outcome
valence was greater for self than charity for both groups
and was independent of two altruism-related measures:
participants' pre-declared intended donations and the actual
donations resulting from their choices. In contrast,
differences in P3 subcomponents for outcomes for self vs
charity strongly predicted both of our laboratory measures
of altruism-as well as self-reported engagement in real-life
altruistic behaviors. These results indicate that individual
differences in altruism are linked to individual differences
in the relative deployment of attention (as indexed by the
P3) toward outcomes affecting other people.},
Doi = {10.1093/scan/nsw026},
Key = {fds323869}
}
@article{fds323863,
Author = {Donohue, SE and Woldorff, MG and Hopf, J-M and Harris, JA and Heinze,
H-J and Schoenfeld, MA},
Title = {An electrophysiological dissociation of craving and
stimulus-dependent attentional capture in
smokers.},
Journal = {Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci},
Volume = {16},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1114-1126},
Year = {2016},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13415-016-0457-9},
Abstract = {It has been suggested that over the course of an addiction,
addiction-related stimuli become highly salient in the
environment, thereby capturing an addict's attention. To
assess these effects neurally in smokers, and how they
interact with craving, we recorded electroencephalography
(EEG) in two sessions: one in which participants had just
smoked (non-craving), and one in which they had abstained
from smoking for 3 h (craving). In both sessions,
participants performed a visual-search task in which two
colored squares were presented to the left and right of
fixation, with one color being the target to which they
should shift attention and discriminate the locations of two
missing corners. Task-irrelevant images, both
smoking-related and non-smoking-related, were embedded in
both squares, enabling the shift of spatial attention to the
target to be examined as a function of the addiction-related
image being present or absent in the target, the distractor,
or both. Behaviorally, participants were slower to respond
to targets containing a smoking-related image. Furthermore,
when the target contained a smoking-related image, the
neural responses indicated that attention had been shifted
less strongly to the target; when the distractor contained a
smoking-related image, the shift of attention to the
contralateral target was stronger. These effects occurred
independently of craving and suggest that participants were
actively avoiding the smoking-related images. Together,
these results provide an electrophysiological dissociation
between addiction-related visual-stimulus processing and the
neural activity associated with craving.},
Doi = {10.3758/s13415-016-0457-9},
Key = {fds323863}
}
@article{fds323864,
Author = {Donohue, SE and Harris, JA and Heinze, H-J and Woldorff, MG and Schoenfeld, MA},
Title = {An electrophysiological marker of the desire to quit in
smokers.},
Journal = {Eur J Neurosci},
Volume = {44},
Number = {9},
Pages = {2735-2741},
Year = {2016},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ejn.13386},
Abstract = {For many smokers, the motivational state of craving is a
central feature of their dependence on nicotine, and is
often at odds with a general desire to quit. How this desire
to quit may influence the craving for a cigarette, however,
is unclear. In the current study, we manipulated the level
of craving in 24 regular smokers, and recorded EEG measures
of brain activity during a rare target detection task
utilizing addiction-unrelated stimuli. In response to the
non-targets, we observed that smokers wanting to quit showed
an enhanced late frontal activation when they were craving
vs. not craving, whereas smokers not wanting to quit showed
the opposite pattern of activity. A dissociation was also
present in the target-related P300 response as a function of
craving and desire to quit, with smokers who did not want to
quit processing targets differentially between the states of
craving and non-craving. The data suggest that distinct
top-down control mechanisms during craving may be
implemented by people who wish to quit smoking, as compared
to those who do not wish to quit. This pattern of findings
establishes this ERP activity as a potential biomarker that
may help to differentiate people who want to quit their
addiction from those who wish to continue to use their
substance of choice.},
Doi = {10.1111/ejn.13386},
Key = {fds323864}
}
@article{fds277487,
Author = {Liotti, M and Woldorff, MG and Perez, R and Mayberg,
HS},
Title = {An ERP study of the temporal course of the Stroop color-word
interference effect.},
Journal = {Neuropsychologia},
Volume = {38},
Number = {5},
Pages = {701-711},
Year = {2000},
ISSN = {0028-3932},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10689046},
Keywords = {Adult • Analysis of Variance • Color Perception
• Electroencephalography • Evoked Potentials
• Female • Humans • Magnetic Resonance
Imaging • Male • Neuropsychological Tests* •
Photic Stimulation • Psychomotor Performance •
physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {The electrophysiological correlates of the Stroop color-word
interference effect were studied in eight healthy subjects
using high-density Event-Related Potentials (ERPs). Three
response modalities were compared: Overt Verbal, Covert
Verbal, and Manual. Both Overt Verbal and Manual versions of
the Stroop yielded robust Stroop color-word interference as
indexed by longer RT for incongruent than congruent color
words. The Incongruent vs Congruent ERP difference wave
presented two effects. A first effect was a medial dorsal
negativity between 350-500 ms post-stimulus (peak at 410
ms). This effect had a significantly different scalp
distribution in the Verbal and Manual Stroop versions, with
an anterior-medial focus for overt or covert speech, and a
broader medial-dorsal distribution for the manual task.
Dipole source analysis suggested two independent generators
in anterior cingulate cortex. Later on in time, a prolonged
positivity developed between 500-800 ms post-stimulus over
left superior temporo-parietal scalp. This effect was
present for all the three response modalities. A possible
interpretation of these results is that Stroop color-word
interference first activates anterior cingulate cortex
(350-500 ms post-stimulus), followed by activation of the
left temporo-parietal cortex, possibly related to the need
of additional processing of word meaning.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/s0028-3932(99)00106-2},
Key = {fds277487}
}
@article{fds277479,
Author = {Schoenfeld, MA and Noesselt, T and Poggel, D and Tempelmann, C and Hopf,
J-M and Woldorff, MG and Heinze, H-J and Hillyard,
SA},
Title = {Analysis of pathways mediating preserved vision after
striate cortex lesions.},
Journal = {Annals of Neurology},
Volume = {52},
Number = {6},
Pages = {814-824},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2002},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0364-5134},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12447936},
Keywords = {Adult • Brain Mapping • Humans • Magnetic
Resonance Imaging • Magnetoencephalography • Male
• Stroke • Vision, Ocular • Visual Cortex
• Visual Pathways • methods • methods* •
pathology • pathology* • physiology*},
Abstract = {This study investigated the neural substrates of preserved
visual functioning in a patient with homonymous hemianopsia
and Riddoch syndrome after a posterior cerebral artery
stroke affecting the primary visual cortex (area V1). The
limited visual abilities of this patient included
above-chance verbal reports of movement and color change as
well as discrimination of movement direction in the
hemianopic field. Functional magnetic resonance imaging
showed that motion and color-change stimuli presented to the
hemianopic field produced activation in several extrastriate
areas of the lesioned hemisphere that were defined using
retinotopic mapping. Magnetoencephalographic recordings
indicated that evoked activity occurred earlier in the
higher-tier visual areas V4/V8 and V5 than in the lower-tier
areas V2/V3 adjacent to the lesion. In addition, the
functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis showed an
increased functional connectivity between areas V4/V8 and V5
of the lesioned hemisphere in comparison with the same areas
in the intact hemisphere during the presentation of color
changes. These results suggest that visual perception after
the V1 lesion in Riddoch syndrome is mediated by subcortical
pathways that bypass V1 and project first to higher-tier
visual areas V5 and V4/V8 and subsequently to lower-tier
areas V2/V3.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/ana.10394},
Key = {fds277479}
}
@article{fds277511,
Author = {Green, JJ and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Arrow-elicited cueing effects at short intervals: Rapid
attentional orienting or cue-target stimulus
conflict?},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {122},
Number = {1},
Pages = {96-101},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1873-7838},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21975079},
Keywords = {Adult • Analysis of Variance • Attention •
Conflict (Psychology)* • Cues* •
Electroencephalography • Female • Humans •
Male • Photic Stimulation • Reaction Time •
Space Perception • Young Adult • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {The observation of cueing effects (faster responses for cued
than uncued targets) rapidly following centrally-presented
arrows has led to the suggestion that arrows trigger rapid
automatic shifts of spatial attention. However, these
effects have primarily been observed during easy
target-detection tasks when both cue and target remain on
the screen until the behavioral response. We manipulated
stimulus duration and task difficulty in an attention-cueing
experiment to explore non-attentional explanations for rapid
cueing effects. Contrary to attention-based predictions,
short-interval cueing effects were observed only for
long-duration cue and target stimuli, occurred even when the
cue and target were presented simultaneously, and were
driven by slowing of the uncued-target responses, rather
than any facilitation for cued targets. We propose that,
under these long-duration, short-interval conditions, the
processing of the cue and target interact more extensively
in the brain, and that when the cue and target convey
incongruent spatial information (i.e., on invalidly cued
trials) it leads to conflict-related slowing of
responses.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2011.08.018},
Key = {fds277511}
}
@article{Green2012,
Author = {Green, J. J. and Woldorff, M. G.},
Title = {Arrow-elicited cueing effects at short intervals: Rapid
attentional orienting or cue-target stimulus
conflict?},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {122},
Number = {1},
Pages = {96--101},
Address = {Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Box
90999, Durham, NC 27708, USA. jessica.j.green@duke.edu},
Year = {2012},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21975079},
Keywords = {Adult • Analysis of Variance •
Attention/*physiology • *Conflict (Psychology) •
*Cues • Electroencephalography • Female •
Humans • Male • Photic Stimulation • Reaction
Time/physiology • Space Perception/physiology •
Young Adult},
Abstract = {The observation of cueing effects (faster responses for cued
than uncued targets) rapidly following centrally-presented
arrows has led to the suggestion that arrows trigger rapid
automatic shifts of spatial attention. However, these
effects have primarily been observed during easy
target-detection tasks when both cue and target remain on
the screen until the behavioral response. We manipulated
stimulus duration and task difficulty in an attention-cueing
experiment to explore non-attentional explanations for rapid
cueing effects. Contrary to attention-based predictions,
short-interval cueing effects were observed only for
long-duration cue and target stimuli, occurred even when the
cue and target were presented simultaneously, and were
driven by slowing of the uncued-target responses, rather
than any facilitation for cued targets. We propose that,
under these long-duration, short-interval conditions, the
processing of the cue and target interact more extensively
in the brain, and that when the cue and target convey
incongruent spatial information (i.e., on invalidly cued
trials) it leads to conflict-related slowing of
responses.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2011.08.018},
Key = {Green2012}
}
@article{fds277556,
Author = {Talsma, D and Doty, TJ and Strowd, R and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Attentional capacity for processing concurrent stimuli is
larger across sensory modalities than within a
modality.},
Journal = {Psychophysiology},
Volume = {43},
Number = {6},
Pages = {541-549},
Year = {2006},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0048-5772},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17076810},
Keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation • Adolescent • Adult •
Attention • Electroencephalography • Evoked
Potentials • Female • Humans • Male •
Photic Stimulation • Reaction Time • Sensation
• physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {One finding in attention research is that visual and
auditory attention mechanisms are linked together. Such a
link would predict a central, amodal capacity limit in
processing visual and auditory stimuli. Here we show that
this is not the case. Letter streams were accompanied by
asynchronously presented streams of auditory, visual, and
audiovisual objects. Either the letter streams or the
visual, auditory, or audiovisual parts of the object streams
were attended. Attending to various aspects of the objects
resulted in modulations of the letter-stream-elicited
steady-state evoked potentials (SSVEPs). SSVEPs were larger
when auditory objects were attended than when either visual
objects alone or when auditory and visual object stimuli
were attended together. SSVEP amplitudes were the same in
the latter conditions, indicating that attentional capacity
between modalities is larger than attentional capacity
within one and the same modality.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8986.2006.00452.x},
Key = {fds277556}
}
@article{fds323878,
Author = {Woldorff, MG and Hillyard, SA},
Title = {Attentional influence on the mismatch negativity},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
Volume = {13},
Number = {2},
Pages = {258-260},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {1990},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00078699},
Doi = {10.1017/S0140525X00078699},
Key = {fds323878}
}
@article{fds277462,
Author = {Liotti, M and Ryder, K and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Auditory attention in the congenitally blind: where, when
and what gets reorganized?},
Journal = {Neuroreport},
Volume = {9},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1007-1012},
Year = {1998},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0959-4965},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9601658},
Keywords = {Adult • Analysis of Variance • Attention •
Auditory Perception • Blindness • Case-Control
Studies • Dichotic Listening Tests •
Discrimination Learning • Evoked Potentials, Auditory
• Female • Humans • Male • Mental
Processes • Middle Aged • Neuronal Plasticity
• congenital • physiology • physiology*
• physiopathology*},
Abstract = {Functional reorganization of auditory attention was studied
in 12 congenitally blind subjects and 12 controls using
high-density event-related potentials during a highly
focused dichotic listening task. Reaction times for the
attend-ear intensity-deviant targets were markedly faster
for the blind. Brain activity associated with sustained
attention (N1 effect, Nd), and with the automatic detection
of deviants in an unattended channel (MMN), did not exhibit
reorganization. In contrast, marked plasticity changes were
reflected in late auditory attentional processing
(attend-ear targets), in the form of a prolonged negativity
(200-450 ms post-stimulus) that was absent in the sighted
subjects. The plasticity changes in the blind had a time
course indicating progressive recruitment of parietal and
then occipital regions, providing new evidence for
cross-modal sensory reorganization in the
blind.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1097/00001756-199804200-00010},
Key = {fds277462}
}
@article{fds277488,
Author = {Lancaster, JL and Woldorff, MG and Parsons, LM and Liotti, M and Freitas, CS and Rainey, L and Kochunov, PV and Nickerson, D and Mikiten,
SA and Fox, PT},
Title = {Automated Talairach atlas labels for functional brain
mapping.},
Journal = {Human Brain Mapping},
Volume = {10},
Number = {3},
Pages = {120-131},
Year = {2000},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1065-9471},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10912591},
Keywords = {Anatomy, Artistic* • Brain • Brain Mapping* •
Cerebral Cortex • Humans • Image Processing,
Computer-Assisted • Magnetic Resonance Imaging •
Medical Illustration* • Task Performance and Analysis
• Tomography, Emission-Computed • Tomography,
Emission-Computed, Single-Photon • anatomy & histology
• anatomy & histology* • instrumentation •
methods • methods* • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {An automated coordinate-based system to retrieve brain
labels from the 1988 Talairach Atlas, called the Talairach
Daemon (TD), was previously introduced [Lancaster et al.,
1997]. In the present study, the TD system and its 3-D
database of labels for the 1988 Talairach atlas were tested
for labeling of functional activation foci. TD system labels
were compared with author-designated labels of activation
coordinates from over 250 published functional brain-mapping
studies and with manual atlas-derived labels from an expert
group using a subset of these activation coordinates.
Automated labeling by the TD system compared well with
authors' labels, with a 70% or greater label match averaged
over all locations. Author-label matching improved to
greater than 90% within a search range of +/-5 mm for most
sites. An adaptive grey matter (GM) range-search utility was
evaluated using individual activations from the M1 mouth
region (30 subjects, 52 sites). It provided an 87% label
match to Brodmann area labels (BA 4 & BA 6) within a search
range of +/-5 mm. Using the adaptive GM range search, the TD
system's overall match with authors' labels (90%) was better
than that of the expert group (80%). When used in concert
with authors' deeper knowledge of an experiment, the TD
system provides consistent and comprehensive labels for
brain activation foci. Additional suggested applications of
the TD system include interactive labeling, anatomical
grouping of activation foci, lesion-deficit analysis, and
neuroanatomy education.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/1097-0193(200007)10:3<120::aid-hbm30>3.0.co;2-8},
Key = {fds277488}
}
@article{fds277447,
Author = {Lancaster, J and Kochimov, P and Woldorff, M and Liotti, M and Parsons,
L and Rainey, L and Nickerson, D and Fox, P},
Title = {Automatic talairach labels for functional activation
sites},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {11},
Number = {5 PART II},
Pages = {S483},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(00)91414-9},
Doi = {10.1016/s1053-8119(00)91414-9},
Key = {fds277447}
}
@article{fds277491,
Author = {Song, AW and Fichtenholtz, H and Woldorff, M},
Title = {BOLD signal compartmentalization based on the apparent
diffusion coefficient.},
Journal = {Magnetic Resonance Imaging},
Volume = {20},
Number = {7},
Pages = {521-525},
Year = {2002},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0730-725X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12413597},
Keywords = {Algorithms • Brain • Diffusion Magnetic Resonance
Imaging* • Hemodynamics • Humans • Motor
Cortex • Oxygen • Regression Analysis • blood
• blood supply* • physiology*},
Abstract = {Functional MRI (fMRI) can detect blood oxygenation level
dependent (BOLD) hemodynamic responses secondary to neuronal
activity. The most commonly used method for detecting fMRI
signals is the gradient-echo echo-planar imaging (EPI)
technique because of its sensitivity and speed. However, it
is generally believed that a significant portion of these
signals arises from large veins, with additional
contribution from the capillaries and parenchyma. Early
experiments using diffusion-weighted gradient-echo EPI have
suggested that intra-voxel incoherent motion (IVIM)
weighting inherent in the sequence can selectively attenuate
contributions from different vessels based on the
differences in the mobility of the blood within them. In the
present study, we used similar approach to characterize the
apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) distribution within the
activated areas of BOLD contrast. It is shown that the voxel
values of the ADCs obtained from this technique can infer
various vascular contributions to the BOLD
signal.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/s0730-725x(02)00516-7},
Key = {fds277491}
}
@article{fds277471,
Author = {Slagter, HA and Weissman, DH and Giesbrecht, B and Kenemans, JL and Mangun, GR and Kok, A and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Brain regions activated by endogenous preparatory set
shifting as revealed by fMRI.},
Journal = {Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience},
Volume = {6},
Number = {3},
Pages = {175-189},
Year = {2006},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1530-7026},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17243354},
Keywords = {Adult • Analysis of Variance • Attention •
Brain • Brain Mapping • Cognition • Cues
• Female • Functional Laterality • Humans
• Image Processing, Computer-Assisted • Magnetic
Resonance Imaging* • Male • Oxygen • Photic
Stimulation • Set (Psychology)* • blood •
blood supply* • methods • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {An ongoing controversy concerns whether executive control
mechanisms can actively reconfigure the cognitive system in
preparation for switching to a new task set. To address this
question, we recorded brain activity from 14 healthy
participants, using event-related functional magnetic
resonance imaging, while they performed a cued attention
task. Critically, in any particular trial, the cued task set
was either the same as that in the previous trial or
switched. As was hypothesized, cue-related, switch-specific
preparatory activity was observed in a network of dorsal
frontal and parietal brain areas that are typically
associated with cognitive control processes. Moreover, the
magnitude of switch-specific preparatory activity varied
with the number of possible task sets that could be
presented in a given trial block. These findings provide
compelling support for the existence of top-down,
preparatory control processes that enable set switching.
Furthermore, they demonstrate that global task structure is
a critical determinant of whether switch-specific
preparatory activity is observed.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.3758/cabn.6.3.175},
Key = {fds277471}
}
@article{fds353893,
Author = {van den Berg, B and de Jong, M and Woldorff, MG and Lorist,
MM},
Title = {Caffeine Boosts Preparatory Attention for Reward-related
Stimulus Information.},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {33},
Number = {1},
Pages = {104-118},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01630},
Abstract = {The intake of caffeine and the prospect of reward have both
been associated with increased arousal, enhanced attention,
and improved behavioral performance on cognitive tasks, but
how they interact to exert these effects is not well
understood. To investigate this question, we had
participants engage in a two-session cued-reward cognitive
task while we recorded their electrical brain activity using
scalp electroencephalography. The cue indicated whether
monetary reward could be received for fast and accurate
responses to a color-word Stroop stimulus that followed.
Before each session, participants ingested decaffeinated
coffee with either caffeine (3-mg/kg bodyweight) or placebo
(3-mg/kg bodyweight lactose). The behavioral results showed
that both caffeine and reward-prospect improved response
accuracy and speed. In the brain, reward-prospect resulted
in an enlarged frontocentral slow wave (contingent negative
variation, or CNV) and reduced posterior alpha power
(indicating increased cortical activity) before stimulus
presentation, both neural markers for preparatory attention.
Moreover, the CNV enhancement for reward-prospect trials was
considerably more pronounced in the caffeine condition as
compared to the placebo condition. These interactive neural
enhancements due to caffeine and reward-prospect were mainly
visible in preparatory attention activity triggered by the
cue (CNV). In addition, some interactive neural enhancements
in the processing of the Stroop target stimulus that
followed were also observed. The results suggest that
caffeine facilitates the neural processes underlying
attentional preparation and stimulus processing, especially
for task-relevant information.},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_01630},
Key = {fds353893}
}
@article{fds277448,
Author = {Murray, JP and Liotti, M and Ingmundson, PT and Mayberg, HS and Pu, Y and Zamarripa, F and Liu, Y and Woldorff, MG and Gao, JH and Fox,
PT},
Title = {Children's brain activations while viewing televised
violence revealed by fMRI},
Journal = {Media Psychology},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Pages = {25-37},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2006},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1521-3269},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S1532785XMEP0801_3},
Abstract = {Though social and behavioral effects of TV violence have
been studied extensively, the brain systems involved in TV
violence viewing in children are, at present, not known. In
this study, 8 children viewed televised violent and
nonviolent video sequences while brain activity was measured
with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Both violent and
nonviolent viewing activated regions involved in visual
motion, visual object and scenes, and auditory listening.
However, viewing TV violence selectively recruited a network
of right hemisphere regions including precuneus, posterior
cingulate, amygdala, inferior parietal, and prefrontal and
premotor cortex. Bilateral activations were apparent in
hippocampus, parahippo-campus, and pulvinar. TV violence
viewing transiently recruits a network of brain regions
involved in the regulation of emotion, arousal and
attention, episodic memory encoding and retrieval, and motor
programming. This pattern of brain activations may explain
the behavioral effects observed in many studies, especially
the finding that children who are frequent viewers of TV
violence are more likely to behave aggressively. Such
extensive viewing may result in a large number of aggressive
scripts stored in long-term memory in the posterior
cingulate, which facilitates rapid recall of aggressive
scenes that serve as a guide for overt social behavior.
Copyright © 2006, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,
Inc.},
Doi = {10.1207/S1532785XMEP0801_3},
Key = {fds277448}
}
@article{Wilson2011,
Author = {Wilson, B. S. and Dorman, M. F. and Woldorff, M. G. and Tucci, D. L.},
Title = {Cochlear implants matching the prosthesis to the brain and
facilitating desired plastic changes in brain
function},
Journal = {Prog Brain Res},
Volume = {194},
Pages = {117--29},
Address = {Duke Hearing Center, Duke University Medical Center (DUMC),
Durham, NC, USA. blake.wilson@duke.edu},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21867799},
Keywords = {Brain/anatomy \& histology/*physiology • Cochlear
Implantation/methods • *Cochlear Implants •
Deafness/*rehabilitation • Humans • User-Computer
Interface},
Abstract = {The cochlear implant (CI) is one of the great success
stories of modern medicine. A high level of function is
provided for most patients. However, some patients still do
not achieve excellent or even good results using the
present-day devices. Accumulating evidence is pointing to
differences in the processing abilities of the ``auditory
brain'' among patients as a principal contributor to this
remaining and still large variability in outcomes. In this
chapter, we describe a new approach to the design of CIs
that takes these differences into account and thereby may
improve outcomes for patients with compromised auditory
brains.},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-444-53815-4.00012-1},
Key = {Wilson2011}
}
@article{fds277506,
Author = {Wilson, BS and Dorman, MF and Woldorff, MG and Tucci,
DL},
Title = {Cochlear implants matching the prosthesis to the brain and
facilitating desired plastic changes in brain
function.},
Journal = {Prog Brain Res},
Volume = {194},
Pages = {117-129},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {1875-7855},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21867799},
Keywords = {Brain • Cochlear Implantation • Cochlear Implants*
• Deafness • Humans • User-Computer Interface
• anatomy & histology • methods • physiology*
• rehabilitation*},
Abstract = {The cochlear implant (CI) is one of the great success
stories of modern medicine. A high level of function is
provided for most patients. However, some patients still do
not achieve excellent or even good results using the
present-day devices. Accumulating evidence is pointing to
differences in the processing abilities of the "auditory
brain" among patients as a principal contributor to this
remaining and still large variability in outcomes. In this
chapter, we describe a new approach to the design of CIs
that takes these differences into account and thereby may
improve outcomes for patients with compromised auditory
brains.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-444-53815-4.00012-1},
Key = {fds277506}
}
@article{fds277512,
Author = {Weissman, DH and Perkins, AS and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Cognitive control in social situations: a role for the
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {40},
Number = {2},
Pages = {955-962},
Year = {2008},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1053-8119},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18234518},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Cognition • Female
• Humans • Interpersonal Relations* •
Magnetic Resonance Imaging* • Male • Prefrontal
Cortex • physiology*},
Abstract = {Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we
investigated brain activity elicited by a computer-animated
child's actions that appeared consistent and inconsistent
with a computer-animated adult's instructions. Participants
observed a computer-animated adult verbally instructing a
computer-animated child to touch one of two objects. The
child performed correctly in half of the trials and
incorrectly in the other half. We observed significantly
greater activity when the child performed incorrectly
compared to correctly in regions of the dorsolateral
prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) that have been implicated in
maintaining our intentions in working memory and
implementing cognitive control. However, no such effects
were found in regions of the posterior superior temporal
sulcus (posterior STS) that have been posited to interpret
other people's behavior. These findings extend the role of
the DLPFC in cognitive control to evaluating the social
outcomes of other people's behavior and provide important
new constraints for theories of how the posterior STS
contributes to social cognition.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.12.021},
Key = {fds277512}
}
@article{fds277496,
Author = {Hackley, SA and Woldorff, M and Hillyard, SA},
Title = {Combined use of microreflexes and event-related brain
potentials as measures of auditory selective
attention.},
Journal = {Psychophysiology},
Volume = {24},
Number = {6},
Pages = {632-647},
Year = {1987},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0048-5772},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3438427},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Arousal* • Attention*
• Auditory Perception* • Electroencephalography*
• Evoked Potentials, Auditory • Female •
Humans • Male • Reflex, Acoustic*},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8986.1987.tb00343.x},
Key = {fds277496}
}
@article{fds277563,
Author = {Song, AW and Fitchtenholtz, H and Woldorff, M},
Title = {Compartmentalization of the BOLD Signal Based on the
Apparent Mobilities},
Journal = {Magn Reson Imaging},
Volume = {20},
Pages = {521-525},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds277563}
}
@article{fds277560,
Author = {Roberts, KC and Tran, TT and Song, AW and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Component structure of event-related fMRI responses in the
different neurovascular compartments.},
Journal = {Magnetic Resonance Imaging},
Volume = {25},
Number = {3},
Pages = {328-334},
Year = {2007},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0730-725X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17371721},
Keywords = {Adult • Brain Mapping • Cerebral Arteries •
Cerebral Veins • Cerebrovascular Circulation •
Evoked Potentials, Visual • Female • Humans •
Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted • Magnetic
Resonance Imaging • Male • Neurons • Oxygen
• Tissue Distribution • Visual Cortex • blood
supply* • metabolism • metabolism* • methods
• methods* • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {In most functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
studies, brain activity is localized by observing changes in
the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal that are
believed to arise from capillaries, venules and veins in and
around the active neuronal population. However, the
contribution from veins can be relatively far downstream
from active neurons, thereby limiting the ability of BOLD
imaging methods to precisely pinpoint neural generators.
Hemodynamic measures based on apparent diffusion
coefficients (ADCs) have recently been used to identify more
upstream functional blood flow changes in the capillaries,
arterioles and arteries. In particular, we recently showed
that, due to the complementary vascular sensitivities of ADC
and BOLD signals, the voxels conjointly activated by both
measures may identify the capillary networks of the active
neuronal areas. In this study, we first used simultaneously
acquired ADC and BOLD functional imaging signals to identify
brain voxels activated by ADC only, by both ADC and BOLD and
by BOLD only, thereby delineating voxels relatively
dominated by the arterial, capillary, and draining venous
neurovascular compartments, respectively. We then examined
the event-related fMRI BOLD responses in each of these
delineated neurovascular compartments, hypothesizing that
their event-related responses would show different temporal
componentries. In the regions activated by both the BOLD and
ADC contrasts, but not in the BOLD-only areas, we observed
an initial transient signal reduction (an initial dip),
consistent with the local production of deoxyhemoglobin by
the active neuronal population. In addition, the BOLD-ADC
overlap areas and the BOLD-only areas showed a clear
poststimulus undershoot, whereas the compartment activated
by only ADC did not show this component. These results
indicate that using ADC contrast in conjunction with BOLD
imaging can help delineate the various neurovascular
compartments, improve the localization of active neural
populations, and provide insight into the physiological
mechanisms underlying the hemodynamic signals.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.mri.2006.08.010},
Key = {fds277560}
}
@article{fds277475,
Author = {Weissman, DH and Giesbrecht, B and Song, AW and Mangun, GR and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Conflict monitoring in the human anterior cingulate cortex
during selective attention to global and local object
features.},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {19},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1361-1368},
Year = {2003},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {1053-8119},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12948694},
Keywords = {Adult • Arousal • Attention • Brain Mapping
• Conflict (Psychology)* • Discrimination Learning
• Evoked Potentials • Female • Field
Dependence-Independence* • Frontal Lobe • Gyrus
Cinguli • Humans • Image Processing,
Computer-Assisted • Magnetic Resonance Imaging •
Male • Middle Aged • Pattern Recognition, Visual
• Prefrontal Cortex • Problem Solving •
Psychomotor Performance • Semantics • Size
Perception • methods • methods* • physiology
• physiology*},
Abstract = {Parallel processing affords the brain many advantages, but
processing multiple bits of information simultaneously
presents formidable challenges. For example, while one is
listening to a speaker at a noisy social gathering,
processing irrelevant conversations may lead to the
activation of irrelevant perceptual, semantic, and response
representations that conflict with those evoked by the
speaker. In these situations, specialized brain systems may
be recruited to detect and resolve conflict before it leads
to incorrect perception and/or behavior. Consistent with
this view, recent findings indicate that dorsal/caudal
anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), on the medial walls of the
frontal lobes, detects conflict between competing motor
responses primed by relevant versus irrelevant stimuli.
Here, we used a cued global/local selective attention task
to investigate whether the dACC plays a general role in
conflict detection that includes monitoring for conflicting
perceptual or semantic representations. Using event-related
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we found that
the dACC was activated by response conflict in both the
global and the local task, consistent with results from
prior studies. However, dACC was also activated by
perceptual and semantic conflict arising from global
distracters during the local task. The results from the
local task have implications for recent theories of
attentional control in which the dACC's contribution to
conflict monitoring is limited to response stages of
processing, as well as for our understanding of clinical
disorders in which disruptions of attention are associated
with dACC dysfunction.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00167-8},
Key = {fds277475}
}
@article{fds359926,
Author = {Park, J and Godbole, S and Woldorff, MG and Brannon,
EM},
Title = {Context-Dependent Modulation of Early Visual Cortical
Responses to Numerical and Nonnumerical Magnitudes.},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {33},
Number = {12},
Pages = {2536-2547},
Year = {2021},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01774},
Abstract = {Whether and how the brain encodes discrete numerical
magnitude differently from continuous nonnumerical magnitude
is hotly debated. In a previous set of studies, we
orthogonally varied numerical (numerosity) and nonnumerical
(size and spacing) dimensions of dot arrays and demonstrated
a strong modulation of early visual evoked potentials (VEPs)
by numerosity and not by nonnumerical dimensions. Although
very little is known about the brain's response to
systematic changes in continuous dimensions of a dot array,
some authors intuit that the visual processing stream must
be more sensitive to continuous magnitude information than
to numerosity. To address this possibility, we measured VEPs
of participants viewing dot arrays that changed exclusively
in one nonnumerical magnitude dimension at a time (size or
spacing) while holding numerosity constant and compared this
to a condition where numerosity was changed while holding
size and spacing constant. We found reliable but small
neural sensitivity to exclusive changes in size and spacing;
however, exclusively changing numerosity elicited a much
more robust modulation of the VEPs. Together with previous
work, these findings suggest that sensitivity to magnitude
dimensions in early visual cortex is context dependent: The
brain is moderately sensitive to changes in size and spacing
when numerosity is held constant, but sensitivity to these
continuous variables diminishes to a negligible level when
numerosity is allowed to vary at the same time.
Neurophysiological explanations for the encoding and context
dependency of numerical and nonnumerical magnitudes are
proposed within the framework of neuronal
normalization.},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_01774},
Key = {fds359926}
}
@article{fds277546,
Author = {Wilson, KD and Woldorff, MG and Mangun, GR},
Title = {Control networks and hemispheric asymmetries in parietal
cortex during attentional orienting in different spatial
reference frames.},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {25},
Number = {3},
Pages = {668-683},
Year = {2005},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1053-8119},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15808968},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Attention • Blood Flow
Velocity • Brain Mapping • Cerebral Cortex •
Discrimination Learning • Dominance, Cerebral •
Evoked Potentials, Visual • Female • Field
Dependence-Independence* • Humans • Image
Enhancement • Image Processing, Computer-Assisted*
• Imaging, Three-Dimensional* • Magnetic Resonance
Imaging* • Male • Nerve Net • Orientation
• Oxygen • Parietal Lobe • Pattern
Recognition, Visual • Regional Blood Flow • blood
• physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {Neuropsychological research has consistently demonstrated
that spatial attention can be anchored in one of several
coordinate systems, including those defined with respect to
an observer (viewer-centered), to the gravitational vector
(environment-centered), or to individual objects
(object-centered). In the present study, we used hemodynamic
correlates of brain function to investigate the neural
systems that mediate attentional control in two competing
reference frames. Healthy volunteers were cued to locations
defined in either viewer-centered or object-centered space
to discriminate the shape of visual targets subsequently
presented at the cued locations. Brain responses to
attention-directing cues were quantified using event-related
functional magnetic resonance imaging. A fronto-parietal
control network was activated by attention-directing cues in
both reference frames. Voluntary shifts of attention
produced increased neural activity bilaterally in several
cortical regions including the intraparietal sulcus,
anterior cingulate cortex, and the frontal eye fields. Of
special interest was the observation of hemispheric
asymmetries in parietal cortex; there was significantly
greater activity in left parietal cortex than in the right,
but this asymmetry was more pronounced for object-centered
shifts of attention, relative to viewer-centered shifts of
attention. Measures of behavioral performance did not differ
significantly between the two reference frames. We conclude
that a largely overlapping, bilateral, cortical network
mediates our ability to orient spatial attention in multiple
coordinate systems, and that the left intraparietal sulcus
plays an additional role for orienting in object-centered
space. These results provide neuroimaging support for
related claims based on findings of deficits in object-based
orienting in patients with left parietal
lesions.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.07.075},
Key = {fds277546}
}
@article{fds328873,
Author = {Green, JJ and Boehler, CN and Roberts, KC and Chen, L-C and Krebs, RM and Song, AW and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Cortical and Subcortical Coordination of Visual Spatial
Attention Revealed by Simultaneous EEG-fMRI
Recording.},
Journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
Volume = {37},
Number = {33},
Pages = {7803-7810},
Year = {2017},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0326-17.2017},
Abstract = {Visual spatial attention has been studied in humans with
both electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) individually. However, due to the
intrinsic limitations of each of these methods used alone,
our understanding of the systems-level mechanisms underlying
attentional control remains limited. Here, we examined
trial-to-trial covariations of concurrently recorded EEG and
fMRI in a cued visual spatial attention task in humans,
which allowed delineation of both the generators and
modulators of the cue-triggered event-related oscillatory
brain activity underlying attentional control function. The
fMRI activity in visual cortical regions contralateral to
the cued direction of attention covaried positively with
occipital gamma-band EEG, consistent with activation of
cortical regions representing attended locations in space.
In contrast, fMRI activity in ipsilateral visual cortical
regions covaried inversely with occipital alpha-band
oscillations, consistent with attention-related suppression
of the irrelevant hemispace. Moreover, the pulvinar nucleus
of the thalamus covaried with both of these spatially
specific, attention-related, oscillatory EEG modulations.
Because the pulvinar's neuroanatomical geometry makes it
unlikely to be a direct generator of the scalp-recorded EEG,
these covariational patterns appear to reflect the
pulvinar's role as a regulatory control structure, sending
spatially specific signals to modulate visual cortex
excitability proactively. Together, these combined EEG/fMRI
results illuminate the dynamically interacting cortical and
subcortical processes underlying spatial attention,
providing important insight not realizable using either
method alone.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Noninvasive recordings
of changes in the brain's blood flow using functional
magnetic resonance imaging and electrical activity using
electroencephalography in humans have individually shown
that shifting attention to a location in space produces
spatially specific changes in visual cortex activity in
anticipation of a stimulus. The mechanisms controlling these
attention-related modulations of sensory cortex, however,
are poorly understood. Here, we recorded these two
complementary measures of brain activity simultaneously and
examined their trial-to-trial covariations to gain insight
into these attentional control mechanisms. This
multi-methodological approach revealed the attention-related
coordination of visual cortex modulation by the subcortical
pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus while also disentangling
the mechanisms underlying the attentional enhancement of
relevant stimulus input and those underlying the concurrent
suppression of irrelevant input.},
Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0326-17.2017},
Key = {fds328873}
}
@article{fds322227,
Author = {San Martín and R and Appelbaum, LG and Huettel, SA and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Cortical Brain Activity Reflecting Attentional Biasing
Toward Reward-Predicting Cues Covaries with Economic
Decision-Making Performance.},
Journal = {Cerebral Cortex},
Volume = {26},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-11},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhu160},
Abstract = {Adaptive choice behavior depends critically on identifying
and learning from outcome-predicting cues. We hypothesized
that attention may be preferentially directed toward certain
outcome-predicting cues. We studied this possibility by
analyzing event-related potential (ERP) responses in humans
during a probabilistic decision-making task. Participants
viewed pairs of outcome-predicting visual cues and then
chose to wager either a small (i.e., loss-minimizing) or
large (i.e., gain-maximizing) amount of money. The cues were
bilaterally presented, which allowed us to extract the
relative neural responses to each cue by using a
contralateral-versus-ipsilateral ERP contrast. We found an
early lateralized ERP response, whose features matched the
attention-shift-related N2pc component and whose amplitude
scaled with the learned reward-predicting value of the cues
as predicted by an attention-for-reward model. Consistently,
we found a double dissociation involving the N2pc. Across
participants, gain-maximization positively correlated with
the N2pc amplitude to the most reliable gain-predicting cue,
suggesting an attentional bias toward such cues. Conversely,
loss-minimization was negatively correlated with the N2pc
amplitude to the most reliable loss-predicting cue,
suggesting an attentional avoidance toward such stimuli.
These results indicate that learned stimulus-reward
associations can influence rapid attention allocation, and
that differences in this process are associated with
individual differences in economic decision-making
performance.},
Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhu160},
Key = {fds322227}
}
@article{fds277498,
Author = {Hackley, SA and Woldorff, M and Hillyard, SA},
Title = {Cross-modal selective attention effects on retinal,
myogenic, brainstem, and cerebral evoked
potentials.},
Journal = {Psychophysiology},
Volume = {27},
Number = {2},
Pages = {195-208},
Year = {1990},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0048-5772},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2247550},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Afferent Pathways •
Attention • Blinking • Brain Stem • Cerebral
Cortex • Electroencephalography* •
Electromyography • Electroretinography • Evoked
Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem • Evoked Potentials,
Visual • Humans • Loudness Perception • Male
• Retina • Visual Perception • physiology
• physiology*},
Abstract = {Short latency evoked potentials were recorded during a
cross-modal selective attention task to evaluate recent
proposals that sensory transmission in the peripheral
auditory and visual pathways can be modified selectively by
centrifugal mechanisms in humans. Twenty young adult
subjects attended in turn to either left-ear tones or
right-field flashes presented in a randomized sequence, in
order to detect infrequent, lower-intensity targets.
Attention-related enhancement of longer-latency components,
including the visual P105 and the auditory N1/Nd waves and
T-complex, showed that subjects were able to adopt a
selective sensory set toward either modality. Neither the
auditory evoked brainstem potentials nor the early visual
components (electroretinogram, occipito-temporal N40, P50,
N70 waves) were significantly affected by attention.
Measures of retinal B-waves were significantly reduced in
amplitude when attention was directed to the flashes, but
concurrent recordings of eyelid electromyographic activity
and the electro-oculogram indicated that this effect may
have resulted from contamination of the retinal recordings
by blink microreflex activity. A trend toward greater
positivity in the 15-50 ms latency range for auditory evoked
potentials to attended tones was observed. These results
provide further evidence that the earliest levels of sensory
transmission are unaffected by cross-modal selective
attention, but that longer latency exogenous and endogenous
potentials are enhanced to stimuli in the attended
modality.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8986.1990.tb00370.x},
Key = {fds277498}
}
@article{UNKNOWN,
Author = {Donohue, SE and Appelbaum, LG and Park, CJ and Roberts, KC and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Cross-modal stimulus conflict: the behavioral effects of
stimulus input timing in a visual-auditory Stroop
task.},
Journal = {Plos One},
Volume = {8},
Number = {4},
Pages = {e62802},
Year = {2013},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23638149},
Abstract = {Cross-modal processing depends strongly on the compatibility
between different sensory inputs, the relative timing of
their arrival to brain processing components, and on how
attention is allocated. In this behavioral study, we
employed a cross-modal audio-visual Stroop task in which we
manipulated the within-trial stimulus-onset-asynchronies
(SOAs) of the stimulus-component inputs, the grouping of the
SOAs (blocked vs. random), the attended modality (auditory
or visual), and the congruency of the Stroop color-word
stimuli (congruent, incongruent, neutral) to assess how
these factors interact within a multisensory context. One
main result was that visual distractors produced larger
incongruency effects on auditory targets than vice versa.
Moreover, as revealed by both overall shorter response times
(RTs) and relative shifts in the psychometric
incongruency-effect functions, visual-information processing
was faster and produced stronger and longer-lasting
incongruency effects than did auditory. When attending to
either modality, stimulus incongruency from the other
modality interacted with SOA, yielding larger effects when
the irrelevant distractor occurred prior to the attended
target, but no interaction with SOA grouping. Finally,
relative to neutral-stimuli, and across the wide range of
the SOAs employed, congruency led to substantially more
behavioral facilitation than did incongruency to
interference, in contrast to findings that within-modality
stimulus-compatibility effects tend to be more evenly split
between facilitation and interference. In sum, the present
findings reveal several key characteristics of how we
process the stimulus compatibility of cross-modal sensory
inputs, reflecting stimulus processing patterns that are
critical for successfully navigating our complex
multisensory world.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0062802},
Key = {UNKNOWN}
}
@article{fds277442,
Author = {Mozer, FS and Cattell, CA and Temerin, M and Torbert, RB and Von
Glinski, S and Woldorff, M and Wygant, J},
Title = {dc AND ac ELECTRIC FIELD, PLASMA DENSITY, PLASMA
TEMPERATURE, AND FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENT EXPERIMENTS ON THE
S3-3 SATELLITE.},
Journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
Volume = {84},
Number = {A10},
Pages = {5875-5884},
Publisher = {American Geophysical Union (AGU)},
Year = {1979},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JA084iA10p05875},
Abstract = {Measurements of dc electric fields, field-aligned currents,
the plasma density, and wave electric fields and density
fluctuations have been made for the first time at auroral
zone altitudes between 1000 and 8000 km on the S3-3
satellite. The design and operation of the various detectors
that made these measurements is described, and some typical
scientific results are presented. These include the
observations that the high altitude auroral zone plasma
density is typically 5-50 particles/cm**3 , that
field-aligned currents exceeding the electrostatic ion
cyclotron instability threshold are often observed in
regions of ion cyclotron wave emission and accelerated
upgoing ions, that the auroral zone electric field
penetrates the plasmapause to cause deviations from
corotation of the plamasphere, and that the energetic
electron high latitude trapping boundary is sometimes
equatorward of the last closed magnetic field line, as
determined by the reversal in the poleward electric field
component.},
Doi = {10.1029/JA084iA10p05875},
Key = {fds277442}
}
@article{fds277486,
Author = {Hinrichs, H and Scholz, M and Tempelmann, C and Woldorff, MG and Dale,
AM and Heinze, HJ},
Title = {Deconvolution of event-related fMRI responses in fast-rate
experimental designs: tracking amplitude
variations.},
Journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},
Volume = {12 Suppl 2},
Number = {12},
Pages = {76-89},
Year = {2000},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11506649},
Keywords = {Algorithms • Attention • Brain Mapping •
Cerebrovascular Circulation • Discrimination
(Psychology) • Evoked Potentials, Visual •
Hemodynamics • Humans • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Models, Neurological • Models, Psychological
• Pattern Recognition, Visual • Reaction Time
• Research Design • Space Perception • Visual
Cortex • blood supply • methods • methods*
• physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {Recent developments towards event-related functional
magnetic resonance imaging has greatly extended the range of
experimental designs. If the events occur in rapid
succession, the corresponding time-locked responses overlap
significantly and need to be deconvolved in order to
separate the contributions of different events. Here we
present a deconvolution approach, which is especially aimed
at the analysis of fMRI data where sequence- or
context-related responses are expected. For this purpose, we
make the assumption of a hemodynamic response function (HDR)
with constant yet not predefined shape but with possibly
variable amplitudes. This approach reduces the number of
variables to be estimated but still keeps the solutions
flexible with respect to the shape. Consequently,
statistical efficiency is improved. Temporal variations of
the HDR strength are directly indicated by the amplitudes
derived by the algorithm. Both the estimation efficiency and
statistical inference are further supported by an improved
estimation of the noise covariance. Using synthesized data
sets, both differently shaped HDRs and varying amplitude
factors were correctly identified. The gain in statistical
sensitivity led to improved ratios of false- and
true-positive detection rates for synthetic activations in
these data. In an event-related fMRI experiment with a human
subject, different HDR amplitudes could be derived
corresponding to stimulation at different visual stimulus
contrasts. Finally, in a visual spatial attention experiment
we obtained different fMRI response amplitudes depending on
the sequences of attention conditions.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1162/089892900564082},
Key = {fds277486}
}
@article{fds277483,
Author = {Noesselt, T and Hillyard, SA and Woldorff, MG and Schoenfeld, A and Hagner, T and Jäncke, L and Tempelmann, C and Hinrichs, H and Heinze,
H-J},
Title = {Delayed striate cortical activation during spatial
attention.},
Journal = {Neuron},
Volume = {35},
Number = {3},
Pages = {575-587},
Year = {2002},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0896-6273},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12165478},
Keywords = {Adult • Attention • Brain Mapping •
Cerebrovascular Circulation • Cues • Evoked
Potentials, Visual • Feedback • Female •
Functional Laterality • Humans • Magnetic
Resonance Imaging • Magnetoencephalography • Male
• Nerve Net • Neural Inhibition •
Neuropsychological Tests • Photic Stimulation •
Reaction Time • Space Perception • Visual Cortex
• Visual Fields • Visual Pathways • anatomy &
histology • physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {Recordings of event-related potentials (ERPs) and
event-related magnetic fields (ERMFs) were combined with
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study visual
cortical activity in humans during spatial attention. While
subjects attended selectively to stimulus arrays in one
visual field, fMRI revealed stimulus-related activations in
the contralateral primary visual cortex and in multiple
extrastriate areas. ERP and ERMF recordings showed that
attention did not affect the initial evoked response at
60-90 ms poststimulus that was localized to primary cortex,
but a similarly localized late response at 140-250 ms was
enhanced to attended stimuli. These findings provide
evidence that the primary visual cortex participates in the
selective processing of attended stimuli by means of delayed
feedback from higher visual-cortical areas.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00781-x},
Key = {fds277483}
}
@article{fds327557,
Author = {Park, J and van den Berg, B and Chiang, C and Woldorff, MG and Brannon,
EM},
Title = {Developmental trajectory of neural specialization for letter
and number visual processing.},
Journal = {Dev Sci},
Volume = {21},
Number = {3},
Pages = {e12578},
Year = {2018},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/desc.12578},
Abstract = {Adult neuroimaging studies have demonstrated dissociable
neural activation patterns in the visual cortex in response
to letters (Latin alphabet) and numbers (Arabic numerals),
which suggest a strong experiential influence of reading and
mathematics on the human visual system. Here, developmental
trajectories in the event-related potential (ERP) patterns
evoked by visual processing of letters, numbers, and false
fonts were examined in four different age groups (7-, 10-,
15-year-olds, and young adults). The 15-year-olds and adults
showed greater neural sensitivity to letters over numbers in
the left visual cortex and the reverse pattern in the right
visual cortex, extending previous findings in adults to
teenagers. In marked contrast, 7- and 10-year-olds did not
show this dissociable neural pattern. Furthermore, the
contrast of familiar stimuli (letters or numbers) versus
unfamiliar ones (false fonts) showed stark ERP differences
between the younger (7- and 10-year-olds) and the older
(15-year-olds and adults) participants. These results
suggest that both coarse (familiar versus unfamiliar) and
fine (letters versus numbers) tuning for letters and numbers
continue throughout childhood and early adolescence,
demonstrating a profound impact of uniquely human cultural
inventions on visual cognition and its development.},
Doi = {10.1111/desc.12578},
Key = {fds327557}
}
@article{fds277525,
Author = {Grent-'t-Jong, T and Boehler, CN and Kenemans, JL and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Differential functional roles of slow-wave and
oscillatory-α activity in visual sensory cortex during
anticipatory visual-spatial attention.},
Journal = {Cerebral Cortex},
Volume = {21},
Number = {10},
Pages = {2204-2216},
Year = {2011},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1460-2199},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21372123},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Alpha Rhythm •
Anticipation, Psychological • Attention • Female
• Humans • Male • Photic Stimulation •
Psychomotor Performance • Somatosensory Cortex •
Space Perception • Visual Cortex • Young Adult
• methods • physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {Markers of preparatory visual-spatial attention in sensory
cortex have been described both as lateralized, slow-wave
event-related potential (ERP) components and as lateralized
changes in oscillatory-electroencephalography alpha power,
but the roles of these markers and their functional
relationship are still unclear. Here, 3 versions of a
visual-spatial cueing paradigm, differing in perceptual task
difficulty and/or response instructions, were used to
investigate the functional relationships between posterior
oscillatory-alpha changes and our previously reported
posterior, slow-wave biasing-related negativity (swBRN) ERP
activity. The results indicate that the swBRN reflects
spatially specific, pretarget preparatory activity sensitive
to the expected perceptual difficulty of the target
detection task, correlating in both location and strength
with the early sensory-processing N1 ERP to the target,
consistent with reflecting a preparatory baseline-shift
mechanism. In contrast, contralateral event-related
decreases in alpha-band power were relatively insensitive to
perceptual difficulty and differed topographically from both
the swBRN and target N1. Moreover, when response
instructions emphasized making immediate responses to
targets, compared with prescribing delayed responses,
contralateral alpha-event-related desynchronization activity
was particularly strong and correlated with the longer
latency target-P3b activity. Thus, in contrast to the
apparent perceptual-biasing role of swBRN activity,
contralateral posterior alpha activity may represent an
attentionally maintained task set linking stimulus-specific
information and task-specific response requirements.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhq279},
Key = {fds277525}
}
@article{fds355732,
Author = {de Haan, T and van den Berg, B and Woldorff, MG and Aleman, A and Lorist, MM},
Title = {Diminished Feedback Evaluation and Knowledge Updating
Underlying Age-Related Differences in Choice Behavior During
Feedback Learning.},
Journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},
Volume = {15},
Pages = {635996},
Year = {2021},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.635996},
Abstract = {In our daily lives, we continuously evaluate feedback
information, update our knowledge, and adapt our behavior in
order to reach desired goals. This ability to learn from
feedback information, however, declines with age. Previous
research has indicated that certain higher-level learning
processes, such as feedback evaluation, integration of
feedback information, and updating of knowledge, seem to be
affected by age, and recent studies have shown how the
adaption of choice behavior following feedback can differ
with age. The neural mechanisms underlying this age-related
change in choice behavior during learning, however, remain
unclear. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate
the relation between learning-related neural processes and
choice behavior during feedback learning in two age groups.
Behavioral and fMRI data were collected, while a group of
young (age 18-30) and older (age 60-75) adults performed a
probabilistic learning task consisting of 10 blocks of 20
trials each. On each trial, the participants chose between a
house and a face, after which they received visual feedback
(loss vs. gain). In each block, either the house or the face
image had a higher probability of yielding a reward (62.5
vs. 37.5%). Participants were instructed to try to maximize
their gains. Our results showed that less successful
learning in older adults, as indicated by a lower learning
rate, corresponded with a higher tendency to switch to the
other stimulus option, and with a reduced adaptation of this
switch choice behavior following positive feedback. At the
neural level, activation following positive and negative
feedback was found to be less distinctive in the older
adults, due to a smaller feedback-evaluation response to
positive feedback in this group. Furthermore, whereas young
adults displayed increased levels of knowledge updating
prior to adapting choice behavior, we did not find this
effect in older adults. Together, our results suggest that
diminished learning performance with age corresponds with
diminished evaluation of positive feedback and reduced
knowledge updating related to changes in choice behavior,
indicating how such differences in feedback processing at
the trial level in older adults might lead to reduced
learning performance across trials.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2021.635996},
Key = {fds355732}
}
@article{UNKNOWN,
Author = {Harris, JA and McMahon, AR and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Disruption of visual awareness during the attentional blink
is reflected by selective disruption of late-stage neural
processing.},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {25},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1863-1874},
Year = {2013},
Month = {November},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23859644},
Abstract = {Any information represented in the brain holds the potential
to influence behavior. It is therefore of broad interest to
determine the extent and quality of neural processing of
stimulus input that occurs with and without awareness. The
attentional blink is a useful tool for dissociating neural
and behavioral measures of perceptual visual processing
across conditions of awareness. The extent of higher-order
visual information beyond basic sensory signaling that is
processed during the attentional blink remains
controversial. To determine what neural processing at the
level of visual-object categorization occurs in the absence
of awareness, electrophysiological responses to images of
faces and houses were recorded both within and outside the
attentional blink period during a rapid serial visual
presentation stream. Electrophysiological results were
sorted according to behavioral performance (correctly
identified targets vs. missed targets) within these blink
and nonblink periods. An early index of face-specific
processing (the N170, 140- to 220-msec poststimulus) was
observed regardless of whether the participant demonstrated
awareness of the stimulus, whereas a later face-specific
effect with the same topographic distribution (500- to
700-msec poststimulus) was only seen for accurate behavioral
discrimination of the stimulus content. The present findings
suggest a multistage process of object-category processing,
with only the later phase being associated with explicit
visual awareness.},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00443},
Key = {UNKNOWN}
}
@article{fds358705,
Author = {Bachman, MD and Hunter, MN and Huettel, SA and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Disruptions of Sustained Spatial Attention Can Be Resistant
to the Distractor's Prior Reward Associations.},
Journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},
Volume = {15},
Pages = {666731},
Year = {2021},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.666731},
Abstract = {Attention can be involuntarily biased toward
reward-associated distractors (value-driven attentional
capture, VDAC). Yet past work has primarily demonstrated
this distraction phenomenon during a particular set of
circumstances: transient attentional orienting to
potentially relevant stimuli occurring in our visual
environment. Consequently, it is not well-understood if
reward-based attentional capture can occur under other
circumstances, such as during sustained visuospatial
attention. Using EEG, we investigated whether associating
transient distractors with reward value would increase their
distractibility and lead to greater decrements in concurrent
sustained spatial attention directed elsewhere. Human
participants learned to associate three differently colored,
laterally presented squares with rewards of varying
magnitude (zero, small, and large). These colored squares
were then periodically reintroduced as distractors at the
same lateral locations during a demanding
sustained-attention rapid-serial-visual-presentation (RSVP)
task at the midline. Behavioral and neural evidence
indicated that participants had successfully learned and
maintained the reward associations to the distractors.
During the RSVP task, consistent with prior work, we found
that the distractors generated dips in the instantaneous
amplitude of the steady-state visual evoked potentials
(SSVEPs) elicited by the midline RSVP stimuli, indicating
that the distractors were indeed transiently disrupting
sustained spatial attention. Contrary to our hypotheses,
however, the magnitude of this dip did not differ by the
magnitude of the distractor's reward associations. These
results indicate that while sustained spatial attention can
be impaired by the introduction of distractors at another
location, the main distraction process is resistant to the
distractors' reward associations, thus providing evidence of
an important boundary condition to value-driven attentional
capture.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2021.666731},
Key = {fds358705}
}
@article{fds277485,
Author = {Hopfinger, JB and Woldorff, MG and Fletcher, EM and Mangun,
GR},
Title = {Dissociating top-down attentional control from selective
perception and action.},
Journal = {Neuropsychologia},
Volume = {39},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1277-1291},
Year = {2001},
ISSN = {0028-3932},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11566311},
Keywords = {Attention • Brain • Cognition • Cues •
Evoked Potentials • Frontal Lobe • Humans •
Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Parietal Lobe •
Random Allocation • Space Perception • Temporal
Lobe • Time Perception • Tomography,
Emission-Computed • Visual Cortex • anatomy &
histology • anatomy & histology* • blood supply
• blood supply* • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {Research into the neural mechanisms of attention has
revealed a complex network of brain regions that are
involved in the execution of attention-demanding tasks.
Recent advances in human neuroimaging now permit
investigation of the elementary processes of attention being
subserved by specific components of the brain's attention
system. Here we describe recent studies of spatial selective
attention that made use of positron emission tomography
(PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and
event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to investigate the
spatio-temporal dynamics of the attention-related neural
activity. We first review the results from an event-related
fMRI study that examined the neural mechanisms underlying
top-down attentional control versus selective sensory
perception. These results defined a fronto-temporal-parietal
network involved in the control of spatial attention.
Activity in these areas biased the neural activity in
sensory brain structures coding the spatial locations of
upcoming target stimuli, preceding a modulation of
subsequent target processing in visual cortex. We then
present preliminary evidence from a fast-rate event-related
fMRI study of spatial attention that demonstrates how to
disentangle the potentially overlapping hemodynamic
responses elicited by temporally adjacent stimuli in studies
of attentional control. Finally, we present new analyses
from combined neuroimaging (PET) and event-related brain
potential (ERP) studies that together reveal the timecourse
of activation of brain regions implicated in attentional
control and selective perception.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/s0028-3932(01)00117-8},
Key = {fds277485}
}
@article{fds277552,
Author = {Dillon, DG and Cooper, JJ and Grent-'t-Jong, T and Woldorff, MG and LaBar, KS},
Title = {Dissociation of event-related potentials indexing arousal
and semantic cohesion during emotional word
encoding.},
Journal = {Brain and Cognition},
Volume = {62},
Number = {1},
Pages = {43-57},
Year = {2006},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0278-2626},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16678953},
Keywords = {Adult • Affect • Analysis of Variance •
Arousal • Cortical Synchronization • Dominance,
Cerebral • Emotions • Evoked Potentials •
Female • Frontal Lobe • Humans • Language
• Male • Mental Processes • Reference Values
• Semantics* • Speech Perception • Verbal
Learning • physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {Event-related potential (ERP) studies have shown that
emotional stimuli elicit greater amplitude late
positive-polarity potentials (LPPs) than neutral stimuli.
This effect has been attributed to arousal, but emotional
stimuli are also more semantically coherent than
uncategorized neutral stimuli. ERPs were recorded during
encoding of positive, negative, uncategorized neutral, and
categorized neutral words. Differences in LPP amplitude
elicited by emotional versus uncategorized neutral stimuli
were evident from 450 to 1000 ms. From 450 to 700 ms, LPP
effects at midline and right hemisphere frontal electrodes
indexed arousal, whereas LPP effects at left hemisphere
centro-parietal electrodes indexed semantic cohesion. This
dissociation helps specify the processes underlying
emotional stimulus encoding, and suggests the need to
control for semantic cohesion in emotional information
processing studies.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.bandc.2006.03.008},
Key = {fds277552}
}
@article{fds277464,
Author = {Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Distortion of ERP averages due to overlap from temporally
adjacent ERPs: analysis and correction.},
Journal = {Psychophysiology},
Volume = {30},
Number = {1},
Pages = {98-119},
Year = {1993},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0048-5772},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8416067},
Keywords = {Algorithms* • Arousal • Artifacts • Attention
• Cerebral Cortex • Dominance, Cerebral •
Electroencephalography • Evoked Potentials, Auditory
• Humans • Pitch Discrimination • Signal
Processing, Computer-Assisted • instrumentation* •
physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {In studies of event-related potentials (ERPs), short
interstimulus intervals (ISIs) are often employed to
investigate certain neural or psychological phenomena. At
short ISIs, however, the ERP responses to successive stimuli
may overlap, thereby distorting the ERP averages. This paper
describes a signal processing approach for analyzing the
distortion of ERP averages due to such overlap. In general,
the distortion is modeled in terms of mathematical
convolutions of the ERP waveform elicited by each type of
adjacent stimulus with the corresponding distribution in
time of those stimuli relative to the averaging epoch. Using
this framework, a number of implications of ERP overlap for
experimental design and interpretation are examined, with
special emphasis given to selective attention paradigms. It
is shown that the possibility of confound due to ERP overlap
is widespread in short-ISI experiments, and even the widely
used procedure of stimulus randomization does not
necessarily control for differential distortion of the ERPs
to attended versus unattended stimuli. Problems due to ERP
overlap can be particularly serious in short-ISI studies
that examine how ERPs (and associated perceptual processes)
are influenced by the nature of the preceding stimulus
(i.e., stimulus sequence effects). A set of algorithms is
presented for estimating and removing the residual
distortion due to response overlap from recorded ERP
averages. The use of these algorithms, collectively termed
the Adjacent Response (Adjar) Technique, can alleviate many
of the overlap-related problems that arise when short ISIs
are used, thereby enhancing the power of the ERP
technique.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8986.1993.tb03209.x},
Key = {fds277464}
}
@article{fds277545,
Author = {Weissman, DH and Gopalakrishnan, A and Hazlett, CJ and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex resolves conflict from
distracting stimuli by boosting attention toward relevant
events.},
Journal = {Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)},
Volume = {15},
Number = {2},
Pages = {229-237},
Year = {2005},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1047-3211},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15238434},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Attention • Conflict
(Psychology) • Female • Gyrus Cinguli •
Humans • Magnetic Resonance Imaging* • Male •
Reaction Time • Speech Perception • physiology
• physiology*},
Abstract = {In everyday life, we often focus greater attention on
behaviorally relevant stimuli to limit the processing of
distracting events. For example, when distracting voices
intrude upon a conversation at a noisy social gathering, we
concentrate more attention on the speaker of interest to
better comprehend his or her speech. In the present study,
we investigated whether dorsal/caudal regions of the
anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), thought to make a major
contribution to cognitive control, boost attentional
resources toward behaviorally relevant stimuli as a means
for limiting the processing of distracting events. Sixteen
healthy participants performed a cued global/local selective
attention task while brain activity was recorded with
event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging.
Consistent with our hypotheses, greater dACC activity during
distracting events predicted reduced behavioral measures of
interference from those same events. dACC activity also
differed for cues to attend to global versus local features
of upcoming visual objects, further indicating a role in
directing attention toward task-relevant stimuli. Our
findings indicate a role for dACC in focusing attention on
behaviorally relevant stimuli, especially when the
achievement of our behavioral goals is threatened by
distracting events.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhh125},
Key = {fds277545}
}
@article{fds277494,
Author = {Song, AW and Truong, T-K and Woldorff, M},
Title = {Dynamic MRI of small electrical activity.},
Journal = {Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)},
Volume = {489},
Pages = {297-315},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {1064-3745},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18839098},
Keywords = {Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Models, Theoretical •
Phantoms, Imaging • methods*},
Abstract = {Neuroscience methods entailing in vivo measurements of brain
activity have greatly contributed to our understanding of
brain function for the past decades, from the invasive early
studies in animals using single-cell electrical recordings,
to the noninvasive techniques in humans of scalp-recorded
electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography
(MEG), positron emission tomography (PET), and, most
recently, blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD)
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A central
objective of these techniques is to measure neuronal
activities with high spatial and temporal resolution. Each
of these methods, however, has substantial limitations in
this regard. Single-cell recording is invasive and only
typically records cellular activity in a single location;
EEG/MEG cannot generally provide accurate and unambiguous
delineations of neuronal activation spatially; and the most
sophisticated BOLD-based fMRI methods are still
fundamentally limited by their dependence on the very slow
hemodynamic responses upon which they are based. Even the
latest neuroimaging methodology (e.g., multimodal EEG/fMRI)
does not yet unambiguously provide accurate localization of
neuronal activation spatially and temporally. There is hence
a need to further develop noninvasive imaging methods that
can directly image neuroelectric activity and thus truly
achieve a high temporal resolution and spatial specificity
in humans. Here, we discuss the theory, implementation, and
potential utility of an MRI technique termed Lorentz effect
imaging (LEI) that can detect spatially incoherent yet
temporally synchronized, minute electrical activities in the
neural amplitude range (microamperes) when they occur in a
strong magnetic field. Moreover, we demonstrate with our
preliminary results in phantoms and in vivo, the feasibility
of imaging such activities with a temporal resolution on the
order of milliseconds.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1007/978-1-59745-543-5_14},
Key = {fds277494}
}
@article{fds332920,
Author = {Harris, JA and Donohue, SE and Ilse, A and Ariel Schoenfeld and M and Heinze, H-J and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {EEG measures of brain activity reveal that smoking-related
images capture the attention of smokers outside of
awareness.},
Journal = {Neuropsychologia},
Volume = {111},
Pages = {324-333},
Year = {2018},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.02.005},
Abstract = {The capture of attention by substance-related stimuli in
dependent users is a major factor in the maintenance and/or
cessation of substance use. The present study examined the
automaticity of this process in smokers, as well as the
effects of craving. Event-related potential (ERP) measures
of spatial-attention allocation (N2pc) and extended target
processing (SPCN) were isolated during an
object-substitution masking (OSM) task that disrupted the
perceptual visibility of smoking-related and office-related
targets. Each participant completed two experimental
sessions: one in which they were deprived of nicotine for a
period of several hours prior to the session (craving), and
one before which they were allowed to smoke (non-craving).
Results were consistent with an account of automatic
attentional capture by smoking-related images outside of
awareness, with masked trials yielding a selective
enhancement of the attention-sensitive N2pc in response to
these images, but in the absence of a corresponding
behavioral enhancement on those trials. Finally, the
manipulation of craving appeared to increase the overall
task demand, yielding an enhancement of the SPCN component
across target type and masking conditions. Together, these
results suggest that smoking-related visual stimuli in the
environment can capture the attention of smokers outside of
awareness, in what seems to be an automatic
process.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.02.005},
Key = {fds332920}
}
@article{fds277501,
Author = {Loui, P and Grent-'t-Jong, T and Torpey, D and Woldorff,
M},
Title = {Effects of attention on the neural processing of harmonic
syntax in Western music.},
Journal = {Brain Research. Cognitive Brain Research},
Volume = {25},
Number = {3},
Pages = {678-687},
Year = {2005},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0926-6410},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16257518},
Keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation • Adolescent • Adult •
Attention • Brain • Cerebral Cortex • Data
Interpretation, Statistical • Electroencephalography
• Eye Movements • Female • Humans •
Loudness Perception • Male • Middle Aged •
Music • Perception • physiology • physiology*
• psychology*},
Abstract = {The effects of selective attention on the neural response to
the violation of musical syntax were investigated in the
present study. Musical chord progressions were played to
nonmusicians while Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) were
recorded. The five-chord progressions included 61%
harmonically expected cadences (I-I(6)-IV-V-I), 26%
harmonically unexpected cadences (I-I(6)-IV-V-N(6)), and 13%
with one of the five chords having an intensity fadeout
across its duration. During the attended condition, subjects
responded by pressing a button upon detecting a fadeout in
volume; during the unattended condition, subjects were given
reading comprehension materials and instructed to ignore all
auditory stimuli. In response to the harmonic deviant, an
Early Anterior Negativity (EAN) was observed at 150-300 ms
in both attention conditions, but it was much larger in
amplitude in the attended condition. A second scalp-negative
deflection was also identified at 380-600 ms following the
harmonic deviants; this Late Negativity onset earlier during
the attended condition. These results suggest strong effects
of attention on the neural processing of harmonic
syntax.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.08.019},
Key = {fds277501}
}
@article{fds277478,
Author = {Weissman, DH and Woldorff, MG and Hazlett, CJ and Mangun,
GR},
Title = {Effects of practice on executive control investigated with
fMRI.},
Journal = {Brain Research. Cognitive Brain Research},
Volume = {15},
Number = {1},
Pages = {47-60},
Year = {2002},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0926-6410},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12433382},
Keywords = {Adult • Analysis of Variance • Attention •
Brain Mapping • Cerebral Cortex • Cues •
Female • Functional Laterality • Humans •
Inhibition (Psychology) • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Male • Photic Stimulation • Practice
(Psychology)* • Reaction Time • Visual Perception
• cytology • methods* • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {Various models of executive control predict that practice
should modulate the recruitment of executive brain
mechanisms. To investigate this issue, we asked 15
participants to perform a cued global/local attention task
while brain activity was recorded with event-related
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Practice
significantly reduced the recruitment of left inferior
parietal regions that were engaged when participants
oriented attention in response to global and local cue
stimuli. In contrast, practice increased the recruitment of
midline frontal regions that were engaged by interference
between global and local forms during target processing.
These findings support models of executive control in which
practice increases the tendency for stimuli to automatically
evoke task-relevant processes and responses.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/s0926-6410(02)00215-x},
Key = {fds277478}
}
@article{fds277466,
Author = {Luck, SJ and Hillyard, SA and Mouloua, M and Woldorff, MG and Clark, VP and Hawkins, HL},
Title = {Effects of spatial cuing on luminance detectability:
psychophysical and electrophysiological evidence for early
selection.},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and
Performance},
Volume = {20},
Number = {4},
Pages = {887-904},
Year = {1994},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0096-1523},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8083642},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Attention • Brain •
Choice Behavior* • Discrimination Learning •
Electroencephalography* • Humans • Perceptual
Masking • Space Perception • Spatial Behavior*
• Visual Perception* • physiology},
Abstract = {Three experiments were conducted to determine whether
attention-related changes in luminance detectability reflect
a modulation of early sensory processing. Experiments 1 and
2 used peripheral cues to direct attention and found
substantial effects of cue validity on target detectability;
these effects were consistent with a sensory-level locus of
selection but not with certain memory- or decision-level
mechanisms. In Experiment 3, event-related brain potentials
were recorded in a similar paradigm using central cues, and
attention was found to produce changes in sensory-evoked
brain activity beginning within the 1st 100 ms of stimulus
processing. These changes included both an enhancement of
sensory responses to attended stimuli and a suppression of
sensory responses to unattended stimuli; the enhancement and
suppression effects were isolated to different neural
responses, indicating that they may arise from independent
attentional mechanisms.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1037//0096-1523.20.4.887},
Key = {fds277466}
}
@article{fds277444,
Author = {Liotti, M and Murray, JP and Ingmundson, P and Pu, Y and Zamarripa, F and Mayberg, HS and Woldorff, MG and Gao, JH and Fox,
PT},
Title = {Effects of TV violence viewing on learning and memory in
children},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {9},
Number = {6 PART II},
Pages = {S909},
Year = {1999},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1053-8119},
Key = {fds277444}
}
@article{fds360153,
Author = {Acker, L and Ha, C and Zhou, J and Manor, B and Giattino, CM and Roberts,
K and Berger, M and Wright, MC and Colon-Emeric, C and Devinney, M and Au,
S and Woldorff, MG and Lipsitz, LA and Whitson, HE},
Title = {Electroencephalogram-Based Complexity Measures as Predictors
of Post-operative Neurocognitive Dysfunction.},
Journal = {Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience},
Volume = {15},
Pages = {718769},
Year = {2021},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2021.718769},
Abstract = {Physiologic signals such as the electroencephalogram (EEG)
demonstrate irregular behaviors due to the interaction of
multiple control processes operating over different time
scales. The complexity of this behavior can be quantified
using multi-scale entropy (MSE). High physiologic complexity
denotes health, and a loss of complexity can predict adverse
outcomes. Since postoperative delirium is particularly hard
to predict, we investigated whether the complexity of
preoperative and intraoperative frontal EEG signals could
predict postoperative delirium and its endophenotype,
inattention. To calculate MSE, the sample entropy of EEG
recordings was computed at different time scales, then
plotted against scale; complexity is the total area under
the curve. MSE of frontal EEG recordings was computed in 50
patients ≥ age 60 before and during surgery. Average MSE
was higher intra-operatively than pre-operatively (p =
0.0003). However, intraoperative EEG MSE was lower than
preoperative MSE at smaller scales, but higher at larger
scales (interaction p < 0.001), creating a crossover point
where, by definition, preoperative, and intraoperative MSE
curves met. Overall, EEG complexity was not associated with
delirium or attention. In 42/50 patients with single
crossover points, the scale at which the intraoperative and
preoperative entropy curves crossed showed an inverse
relationship with delirium-severity score change (Spearman
ρ = -0.31, p = 0.054). Thus, average EEG complexity
increases intra-operatively in older adults, but is scale
dependent. The scale at which preoperative and
intraoperative complexity is equal (i.e., the crossover
point) may predict delirium. Future studies should assess
whether the crossover point represents changes in neural
control mechanisms that predispose patients to postoperative
delirium.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnsys.2021.718769},
Key = {fds360153}
}
@article{fds347674,
Author = {Donohue, SE and Harris, JA and Loewe, K and Hopf, J-M and Heinze, H-J and Woldorff, MG and Schoenfeld, MA},
Title = {Electroencephalography reveals a selective disruption of
cognitive control processes in craving cigarette
smokers.},
Journal = {Eur J Neurosci},
Volume = {51},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1087-1105},
Year = {2020},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ejn.14622},
Abstract = {Addiction to nicotine is extremely challenging to overcome,
and the intense craving for the next cigarette often leads
to relapse in smokers who wish to quit. To dampen the urges
of craving and inhibit unwanted behaviour, smokers must
harness cognitive control, which is itself impaired in
addiction. It is likely that craving may interact with
cognitive control, and the present study sought to test the
specificity of such interactions. To this end, data from 24
smokers were gathered using EEG and behavioural measures in
a craving session (following a three-hour nicotine
abstention period) and a non-craving session (having just
smoked). In both sessions, participants performed a task
probing various facets of cognitive control (response
inhibition, task switching and conflict processing). Results
showed that craving smokers were less flexible with the
implementation of cognitive control, with demands of task
switching and incongruency yielding greater deficits under
conditions of craving. Importantly, inhibitory control was
not affected by craving, suggesting that the interactions of
craving and cognitive control are selective. Together, these
results provide evidence that smokers already exhibit
specific control-related deficits after brief nicotine
deprivation. This disruption of cognitive control while
craving may help to explain why abstinence is so difficult
to maintain.},
Doi = {10.1111/ejn.14622},
Key = {fds347674}
}
@article{fds277550,
Author = {Schmajuk, M and Liotti, M and Busse, L and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Electrophysiological activity underlying inhibitory control
processes in normal adults.},
Journal = {Neuropsychologia},
Volume = {44},
Number = {3},
Pages = {384-395},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {0028-3932},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16095637},
Keywords = {Adult • Attention • Brain Mapping • Cerebral
Cortex • Discrimination Learning • Dominance,
Cerebral • Electroencephalography* • Evoked
Potentials • Female • Frontal Lobe • Humans
• Male • Neural Inhibition • Pattern
Recognition, Visual • Psychomotor Performance •
Reaction Time • Reference Values • Signal
Processing, Computer-Assisted* • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {In a recent ERP study of inhibitory control using the
Stop-Signal Task [Pliszka, S., Liotti, M., Woldorff, M.
(2000). Inhibitory control in children with
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Event-related
potentials identify the processing component and timing of
an impaired right-frontal response-inhibition mechanism.
Biological Psychiatry, 48, 238-246], we showed that in
normal children (age 10-12 years) the Stop Signals elicited
a robust, right-frontal-maximal N200 (latency approximately
200 ms) that was strongly reduced in children with ADHD. To
further investigate the mechanisms of response inhibition,
this paradigm was applied to 11 healthy young adults. To
better distinguish response-inhibition-related activity from
early attentional effects, a "Stop-Signal-Irrelevant"
condition was added, in which subjects performed the task
while ignoring the Stop Signals. In the Stop-Signal-Relevant
condition, the right frontal N200 to the Stop Signals was
larger for Successful inhibition (SI) than for Failed
inhibition (FI) trials. The timing and distribution of this
effect was strikingly similar to that of the right-frontal
ADHD deficit reported in Pliszka et al. (2000), supporting
this activity being related to successful normal inhibitory
control processes. In contrast, a posterior N200 was larger
for Stop-Relevant than for Stop-Irrelevant trials, likely
reflecting enhanced early sensory attention to the Stop
Signals when relevant. Two longer-latency failure-specific
ERP effects were also observed: a greater frontopolar
negative wave (370-450 ms) to Failed than Successful
inhibitions, and a greater parietal positive slow wave
(450-650 ms) for Failed inhibitions than ignore-stop trials,
likely reflecting differential recruitment of error
detection and correction mechanisms following Failed
attempts to inhibit a response.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.06.005},
Key = {fds277550}
}
@article{fds277561,
Author = {Khoe, W and Freeman, E and Woldorff, MG and Mangun,
GR},
Title = {Electrophysiological correlates of lateral interactions in
human visual cortex.},
Journal = {Vision Research},
Volume = {44},
Number = {14},
Pages = {1659-1673},
Year = {2004},
ISSN = {0042-6989},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15136002},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Attention • Contrast
Sensitivity • Discrimination (Psychology) • Evoked
Potentials, Visual • Female • Humans •
Learning • Male • Occipital Lobe • Photic
Stimulation • Reaction Time • Scalp • Sensory
Thresholds • Visual Cortex • Visual Fields •
Visual Pathways • Visual Perception • methods
• physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {Detection thresholds for visually presented targets can be
influenced by the nature of information in adjacent regions
of the visual field. For example, detection thresholds for
low-contrast Gabor patches decrease when flanked by patches
that are oriented collinearly rather than orthogonally with
the target. Such results are consistent with the known
microanatomy of primary visual cortex, where long-range
horizontal connections link cortical columns with common
orientation preferences. To investigate the neural bases of
collinearity effects, we recorded event-related brain
potentials (ERPs) together with psychophysical measures for
targets flanked by collinear vs. orthogonal gratings. Human
volunteers performed a contrast discrimination task on a
target grating presented at a perifoveal location. For
targets flanked by collinear stimuli, we observed an
increased positive polarity voltage deflection in the
occipital scalp-recorded ERPs between 80 to 140 ms after
stimulus onset. Such a midline occipital scalp voltage
distribution of this ERP collinearity effect is consistent
with a generator in primary visual cortex. Two later
negative voltage ERP deflections (latencies of 245-295 and
300-350 ms) were focused at lateral occipital scalp sites, a
pattern consistent with activity in extrastriate visual
cortex. These ERP effects were correlated with improved
contrast discrimination for central targets presented with
collinear flanks. These results demonstrate that the
integration of local flanking elements with a central
stimulus can occur as early as 80 ms in human visual cortex,
but this includes processes occurring at longer latencies
and appears to involve both striate and extrastriate visual
areas.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.visres.2004.02.011},
Key = {fds277561}
}
@article{fds304940,
Author = {Libertus, ME and Woldorff, MG and Brannon, EM},
Title = {Electrophysiological evidence for notation independence in
numerical processing.},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Functions : Bbf},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {1},
Year = {2007},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17214890},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: A dominant view in numerical cognition is that
numerical comparisons operate on a notation independent
representation (Dehaene, 1992). Although previous human
neurophysiological studies using scalp-recorded
event-related potentials (ERPs) on the numerical distance
effect have been interpreted as supporting this idea,
differences in the electrophysiological correlates of the
numerical distance effect in symbolic notations (e.g. Arabic
numerals) and non-symbolic notations (e.g. a set of visually
presented dots of a certain number) are not entirely
consistent with this view. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two
experiments were conducted to resolve these discrepancies.
In Experiment 1, participants performed a symbolic and a
non-symbolic numerical comparison task ("smaller or larger
than 5?") with numerical values 1-4 and 6-9 while ERPs were
recorded. Consistent with a previous report (Temple &
Posner, 1998), in the symbolic condition the amplitude of
the P2p ERP component (210-250 ms post-stimulus) was larger
for values near to the standard than for values far from the
standard whereas this pattern was reversed in the
non-symbolic condition. However, closer analysis indicated
that the reversal in polarity was likely due to the presence
of a confounding stimulus effect on the early sensory ERP
components for small versus larger numerical values in the
non-symbolic condition. In Experiment 2 exclusively large
numerosities (8-30) were used, thereby rendering sensory
differences negligible, and with this control in place the
numerical distance effect in the non-symbolic condition
mirrored the symbolic condition of Experiment 1. CONCLUSION:
Collectively, the results support the claim of an abstract
semantic processing stage for numerical comparisons that is
independent of input notation.},
Doi = {10.1186/1744-9081-3-1},
Key = {fds304940}
}
@article{fds277557,
Author = {Libertus, ME and Woldorff, MG and Brannon, EM},
Title = {Electrophysiological evidence for notation independence in
numerical processing.},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Functions : Bbf},
Volume = {3},
Number = {3},
Pages = {1},
Year = {2007},
ISSN = {1744-9081},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17214890},
Keywords = {Adult • Analysis of Variance • Attention •
Brain • Brain Mapping • Cognition • Cues
• Female • Functional Laterality • Humans
• Image Processing, Computer-Assisted • Magnetic
Resonance Imaging* • Male • Oxygen • Photic
Stimulation • Set (Psychology)* • blood •
blood supply* • methods • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: A dominant view in numerical cognition is that
numerical comparisons operate on a notation independent
representation (Dehaene, 1992). Although previous human
neurophysiological studies using scalp-recorded
event-related potentials (ERPs) on the numerical distance
effect have been interpreted as supporting this idea,
differences in the electrophysiological correlates of the
numerical distance effect in symbolic notations (e.g. Arabic
numerals) and non-symbolic notations (e.g. a set of visually
presented dots of a certain number) are not entirely
consistent with this view. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two
experiments were conducted to resolve these discrepancies.
In Experiment 1, participants performed a symbolic and a
non-symbolic numerical comparison task ("smaller or larger
than 5?") with numerical values 1-4 and 6-9 while ERPs were
recorded. Consistent with a previous report (Temple &
Posner, 1998), in the symbolic condition the amplitude of
the P2p ERP component (210-250 ms post-stimulus) was larger
for values near to the standard than for values far from the
standard whereas this pattern was reversed in the
non-symbolic condition. However, closer analysis indicated
that the reversal in polarity was likely due to the presence
of a confounding stimulus effect on the early sensory ERP
components for small versus larger numerical values in the
non-symbolic condition. In Experiment 2 exclusively large
numerosities (8-30) were used, thereby rendering sensory
differences negligible, and with this control in place the
numerical distance effect in the non-symbolic condition
mirrored the symbolic condition of Experiment 1. CONCLUSION:
Collectively, the results support the claim of an abstract
semantic processing stage for numerical comparisons that is
independent of input notation.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1186/1744-9081-3-1},
Key = {fds277557}
}
@article{fds277430,
Author = {Pinhas, M and Donohue, SE and Woldorff, MG and Brannon,
EM},
Title = {Electrophysiological evidence for the involvement of the
approximate number system in preschoolers' processing of
spoken number words.},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {26},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1891-1904},
Year = {2014},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00631},
Abstract = {Little is known about the neural underpinnings of number
word comprehension in young children. Here we investigated
the neural processing of these words during the crucial
developmental window in which children learn their meanings
and asked whether such processing relies on the Approximate
Number System. ERPs were recorded as 3- to 5-year-old
children heard the words one, two, three, or six while
looking at pictures of 1, 2, 3, or 6 objects. The auditory
number word was incongruent with the number of visual
objects on half the trials and congruent on the other half.
Children's number word comprehension predicted their ERP
incongruency effects. Specifically, children with the least
number word knowledge did not show any ERP incongruency
effects, whereas those with intermediate and high number
word knowledge showed an enhanced, negative polarity
incongruency response (N(inc)) over centroparietal sites
from 200 to 500 msec after the number word onset. This
negativity was followed by an enhanced, positive polarity
incongruency effect (P(inc)) that emerged bilaterally over
parietal sites at about 700 msec. Moreover, children with
the most number word knowledge showed ratio dependence in
the P(inc) (larger for greater compared with smaller
numerical mismatches), a hallmark of the Approximate Number
System. Importantly, a similar modulation of the P(inc) from
700 to 800 msec was found in children with intermediate
number word knowledge. These results provide the first
neural correlates of spoken number word comprehension in
preschoolers and are consistent with the view that children
map number words onto approximate number representations
before they fully master the verbal count
list.},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00631},
Key = {fds277430}
}
@article{fds277513,
Author = {Brannon, EM and Libertus, ME and Meck, WH and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Electrophysiological measures of time processing in infant
and adult brains: Weber's Law holds.},
Journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},
Volume = {20},
Number = {2},
Pages = {193-203},
Year = {2008},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18275328},
Keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation • Adult • Differential
Threshold • Discrimination (Psychology) • Evoked
Potentials • Female • Humans • Infant •
Male • Models, Theoretical • Orientation •
Reference Values • Time Perception •
physiology*},
Abstract = {Behavioral studies have demonstrated that time perception in
adults, children, and nonhuman animals is subject to Weber's
Law. More specifically, as with discriminations of other
features, it has been found that it is the ratio between two
durations rather than their absolute difference that
controls the ability of an animal to discriminate them.
Here, we show that scalp-recorded event-related electrical
brain potentials (ERPs) in both adults and 10-month-old
human infants, in response to changes in interstimulus
interval (ISI), appear to obey the scalar property found in
time perception in adults, children, and nonhuman animals.
Using a timing-interval oddball paradigm, we tested adults
and infants in conditions where the ratio between the
standard and deviant interval in a train of homogeneous
auditory stimuli varied such that there was a 1:4 (only for
the infants), 1:3, 1:2, and 2:3 ratio between the standard
and deviant intervals. We found that the amplitude of the
deviant-triggered mismatch negativity ERP component
(deviant-ISI ERP minus standard-ISI ERP) varied as a
function of the ratio of the standard to deviant interval.
Moreover, when absolute values were varied and ratio was
held constant, the mismatch negativity did not
vary.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn.2008.20016},
Key = {fds277513}
}
@article{Krebs2012a,
Author = {Krebs, R. M. and Boehler, C. N. and Zhang, H. H. and Schoenfeld, M. A. and Woldorff, M. G.},
Title = {Electrophysiological recordings in humans reveal reduced
location-specific attentional-shift activity prior to
recentering saccades},
Journal = {J Neurophysiol},
Volume = {107},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1393--402},
Address = {Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham,
NC, USA. ruthmkrebs@gmail.com},
Year = {2012},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22157127},
Abstract = {Being able to effectively explore the visual world is of
fundamental importance, and it has been suggested that the
straight-ahead gaze position within the egocentric reference
frame (``primary position'') might play a special role in
this context. In the present study we employed human
electroencephalography (EEG) to examine neural activity
related to the spatial guidance of saccadic eye movements.
Moreover, we sought to investigate whether such activity
would be modulated by the spatial relation of saccade
direction to the primary gaze position (recentering
saccades). Participants executed endogenously cued saccades
between five equidistant locations along the horizontal
meridian. This design allowed for the comparison of
isoamplitude saccades from the same starting position that
were oriented either toward the primary position
(centripetal) or further away from it (centrifugal). By
back-averaging time-locked to the saccade onset on each
trial, we identified a parietally distributed,
negative-polarity EEG deflection contralateral to the
direction of the upcoming saccade. Importantly, this
contralateral presaccadic negativity, which appeared to
reflect the location-specific attentional guidance of the
eye movement, was attenuated for recentering saccades
relative to isoamplitude centrifugal saccades. This
differential electrophysiological signature was paralleled
by faster saccadic reaction times and was substantially more
apparent when time-locking the data to the onset of the
saccade rather than to the onset of the cue, suggesting a
tight temporal association with saccade initiation. The
diminished level of this presaccadic component for
recentering saccades may reflect the preferential coding of
the straight-ahead gaze position, in which both the
eye-centered and head-centered reference frames are
perfectly aligned and from which the visual world can be
effectively explored.},
Doi = {10.1152/jn.00912.2010},
Key = {Krebs2012a}
}
@article{fds277504,
Author = {Krebs, RM and Boehler, CN and Zhang, HH and Schoenfeld, MA and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Electrophysiological recordings in humans reveal reduced
location-specific attentional-shift activity prior to
recentering saccades.},
Journal = {J Neurophysiol},
Volume = {107},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1393-1402},
Year = {2012},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1522-1598},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22157127},
Abstract = {Being able to effectively explore the visual world is of
fundamental importance, and it has been suggested that the
straight-ahead gaze position within the egocentric reference
frame ("primary position") might play a special role in this
context. In the present study we employed human
electroencephalography (EEG) to examine neural activity
related to the spatial guidance of saccadic eye movements.
Moreover, we sought to investigate whether such activity
would be modulated by the spatial relation of saccade
direction to the primary gaze position (recentering
saccades). Participants executed endogenously cued saccades
between five equidistant locations along the horizontal
meridian. This design allowed for the comparison of
isoamplitude saccades from the same starting position that
were oriented either toward the primary position
(centripetal) or further away from it (centrifugal). By
back-averaging time-locked to the saccade onset on each
trial, we identified a parietally distributed,
negative-polarity EEG deflection contralateral to the
direction of the upcoming saccade. Importantly, this
contralateral presaccadic negativity, which appeared to
reflect the location-specific attentional guidance of the
eye movement, was attenuated for recentering saccades
relative to isoamplitude centrifugal saccades. This
differential electrophysiological signature was paralleled
by faster saccadic reaction times and was substantially more
apparent when time-locking the data to the onset of the
saccade rather than to the onset of the cue, suggesting a
tight temporal association with saccade initiation. The
diminished level of this presaccadic component for
recentering saccades may reflect the preferential coding of
the straight-ahead gaze position, in which both the
eye-centered and head-centered reference frames are
perfectly aligned and from which the visual world can be
effectively explored.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1152/jn.00912.2010},
Key = {fds277504}
}
@article{fds277541,
Author = {Song, AW and Woldorff, MG and Gangstead, S and Mangun, GR and McCarthy,
G},
Title = {Enhanced spatial localization of neuronal activation using
simultaneous apparent-diffusion-coefficient and
blood-oxygenation functional magnetic resonance
imaging.},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {17},
Number = {2},
Pages = {742-750},
Year = {2002},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1053-8119},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12377149},
Keywords = {Adult • Algorithms • Arteries • Brain •
Brain Mapping • Cerebrovascular Circulation • Data
Interpretation, Statistical • Diffusion •
Echo-Planar Imaging • Female • Humans • Image
Interpretation, Computer-Assisted • Magnetic Resonance
Imaging • Male • Motion • Neurons •
Oxygen • Veins • anatomy & histology • blood*
• methods* • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {Functional MRI (fMRI) can detect blood oxygenation level
dependent (BOLD) hemodynamic responses secondary to local
neuronal activity. The most commonly used method for
detecting fMRI signals is the gradient-echo echo-planar
imaging (EPI) technique because of its sensitivity and
speed. However, it is known that much of the signal obtained
with this approach arises from large veins, with additional
contribution from the capillaries and venules. Early
experiments using diffusion-weighted gradient-echo EPI have
suggested that intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) weighting
can selectively attenuate contributions from large vessels
based on the differences in the mobility of the blood within
them, thereby revealing the contributions from hemodynamic
changes in capillaries, which are in close spatial proximity
to the activated neural tissue. Using this differential
sensitivity of the various neurovascular compartments to
IVIM weighting, we present a new approach for deriving
functional maps of neural activity. This method is based on
task-induced changes of the apparent diffusion coefficients
(ADC), a signal that we demonstrate is generated in vascular
compartments that only partially overlap with those
generating the BOLD signal. The approach allows both the
ADC-based maps and the more commonly used BOLD-based maps to
be acquired simultaneously. The spatial overlap between
these maps can be used to create composite maps that permit
improved localization of the underlying neuronal activity
patterns by identifying signals generated in those vascular
components that are in closest proximity to the active
neuronal populations of interest.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1006/nimg.2002.1217},
Key = {fds277541}
}
@article{fds277450,
Author = {Wu, CT and Weissman, DH and Roberts, KC and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Erratum to "The neural circuitry underlying the executive
control of auditory spatial attention" [Brain Res. 1134
(2007) 187-198] (DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.11.088)},
Journal = {Brain Research},
Volume = {1147},
Number = {1},
Pages = {284},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2007},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0006-8993},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2007.02.009},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2007.02.009},
Key = {fds277450}
}
@article{fds277495,
Author = {Xiong, J and Rao, S and Gao, JH and Woldorff, M and Fox,
PT},
Title = {Evaluation of hemispheric dominance for language using
functional MRI: a comparison with positron emission
tomography.},
Journal = {Human Brain Mapping},
Volume = {6},
Number = {1},
Pages = {42-58},
Year = {1998},
ISSN = {1065-9471},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9673662},
Keywords = {Adult • Dominance, Cerebral* • Evaluation Studies
as Topic • Female • Functional Laterality •
Humans • Language Tests • Magnetic Resonance
Imaging • Male • Middle Aged • Reference
Values • Semantics* • Tomography,
Emission-Computed* • methods* •
physiology},
Abstract = {The utility of a conventional (i.e., nonecho-planar)
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique to
determine hemispheric dominance for language was assessed
using a semantic generation task in which subjects were
presented with a series of nouns and generated aloud a verb
for each one. A direct comparison of the fMRI results with
positron emission tomography (PET), acquired from the same
subjects, was also performed. When analyzed by group
averaging, the results of this work were in concordance with
those of previous PET studies, showing a left hemispheric
dominance for language. Analyzed on a individual basis, 7
out of 9 subjects were left-hemisphere dominant and 2
subjects were right-hemisphere dominant; this applied with
both PeT and fMRI methods. The direct comparison between PET
and fMRI further demonstrated that fMRI can replicate PET
findings. Of the total activation foci detected by PeT, 92%
were observed by fMRI. On the other hand, fMRI reported 64%
more activations than did PET. This may reflect differences
in procedure, spatial resolution, sensitivity, and the
underlying physiological mechanism between PET and fMRI.
This study suggests that the fMRI technique, even using
conventional MRI scanners, could be clinically useful in
evaluating hemispheric dominance for language on an
individual subject-by-subject basis.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1097-0193(1998)6:1<42::aid-hbm4>3.0.co;2-l},
Key = {fds277495}
}
@article{Harris2011,
Author = {Martinovic, J and Mordal, J and Wuerger, SM},
Title = {Event-related potentials reveal an early advantage for
luminance contours in the processing of objects.},
Journal = {Journal of Vision},
Volume = {11},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1},
Address = {Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham,
NC, USA.},
Year = {2011},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1534-7362},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21669859},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Awareness/*physiology •
Brain/*physiology • Color Perception/physiology •
Electroencephalography • Evoked Potentials • *Face
• Female • Humans • Male • Perceptual
Masking/*physiology • Reaction Time • Visual
Perception/*physiology • Young Adult},
Abstract = {Detection and identification of objects are the most crucial
goals of visual perception. We studied the role of luminance
and chromatic information for object processing by comparing
performance of familiar, meaningful object contours with
those of novel, non-object contours. Comparisons were made
between full-color and reduced-color object (or non-object)
contours. Full-color stimuli contained both chromatic and
luminance information, whereas luminance information was
absent in the reduced-color stimuli. All stimuli were made
equally salient by fixing them at multiples of
discrimination threshold contrast. In a subsequent
electroencephalographic experiment observers were asked to
classify contours as objects or non-objects. An advantage in
accuracy was found for full-color stimuli over the
reduced-color stimuli but only if the contours depicted
objects as opposed to non-objects. Event-related potentials
revealed the neural correlate of this object-specific
luminance advantage. The amplitude of the centro-occipital
N1 component was modulated by stimulus class with the effect
being driven by the presence of luminance information. We
conclude that high-level discrimination processes in the
cortex start relatively early and exhibit object-selective
effects only in the presence of luminance information. This
is consistent with the superiority of luminance in
subserving object identification processes.},
Doi = {10.1167/11.7.1},
Key = {Harris2011}
}
@article{fds277493,
Author = {Woldorff, M and Hansen, JC and Hillyard, SA},
Title = {Evidence for effects of selective attention in the
mid-latency range of the human auditory event-related
potential.},
Journal = {Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology.
Supplement},
Volume = {40},
Pages = {146-154},
Year = {1987},
ISSN = {0424-8155},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3480115},
Keywords = {Adult • Attention • Brain Stem • Evoked
Potentials, Auditory* • Female • Humans •
Reaction Time • physiology • physiology*},
Language = {eng},
Key = {fds277493}
}
@article{fds323873,
Author = {Park, J and Chiang, C and Brannon, EM and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Experience-dependent hemispheric specialization of letters
and numbers is revealed in early visual processing.},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {26},
Number = {10},
Pages = {2239-2249},
Year = {2014},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00621},
Abstract = {Recent fMRI research has demonstrated that letters and
numbers are preferentially processed in distinct regions and
hemispheres in the visual cortex. In particular, the left
visual cortex preferentially processes letters compared with
numbers, whereas the right visual cortex preferentially
processes numbers compared with letters. Because letters and
numbers are cultural inventions and are otherwise physically
arbitrary, such a double dissociation is strong evidence for
experiential effects on neural architecture. Here, we use
the high temporal resolution of ERPs to investigate the
temporal dynamics of the neural dissociation between letters
and numbers. We show that the divergence between ERP traces
to letters and numbers emerges very early in processing.
Letters evoked greater N1 waves (latencies 140-170 msec)
than did numbers over left occipital channels, whereas
numbers evoked greater N1s than letters over the right,
suggesting letters and numbers are preferentially processed
in opposite hemispheres early in visual encoding. Moreover,
strings of letters, but not single letters, elicited greater
P2 ERP waves (starting around 250 msec) than numbers did
over the left hemisphere, suggesting that the visual cortex
is tuned to selectively process combinations of letters, but
not numbers, further along in the visual processing stream.
Additionally, the processing of both of these culturally
defined stimulus types differentiated from similar but
unfamiliar visual stimulus forms (false fonts) even earlier
in the processing stream (the P1 at 100 msec). These
findings imply major cortical specialization processes
within the visual system driven by experience with reading
and mathematics.},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00621},
Key = {fds323873}
}
@article{fds277515,
Author = {Crist, RE and Wu, C-T and Karp, C and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Face Processing is Gated by Visual Spatial
Attention.},
Journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {10},
Year = {2007},
ISSN = {1662-5161},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18958224},
Keywords = {Alpha Rhythm* • Brain • Brain Mapping •
Discrimination (Psychology) • Evoked Potentials, Visual
• Female • Humans • Infant • Male •
Mathematics* • Pattern Recognition, Visual •
Photic Stimulation • Psychophysics • Recognition
(Psychology) • Spectrum Analysis • methods •
physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {Human perception of faces is widely believed to rely on
automatic processing by a domain-specific, modular component
of the visual system. Scalp-recorded event-related potential
(ERP) recordings indicate that faces receive special
stimulus processing at around 170 ms poststimulus onset, in
that faces evoke an enhanced occipital negative wave, known
as the N170, relative to the activity elicited by other
visual objects. As predicted by modular accounts of face
processing, this early face-specific N170 enhancement has
been reported to be largely immune to the influence of
endogenous processes such as task strategy or attention.
However, most studies examining the influence of attention
on face processing have focused on non-spatial attention,
such as object-based attention, which tend to have
longer-latency effects. In contrast, numerous studies have
demonstrated that visual spatial attention can modulate the
processing of visual stimuli as early as 80 ms poststimulus
- substantially earlier than the N170. These temporal
characteristics raise the question of whether this initial
face-specific processing is immune to the influence of
spatial attention. This question was addressed in a
dual-visual-stream ERP study in which the influence of
spatial attention on the face-specific N170 could be
directly examined. As expected, early visual sensory
responses to all stimuli presented in an attended location
were larger than responses evoked by those same stimuli when
presented in an unattended location. More importantly, a
significant face-specific N170 effect was elicited by faces
that appeared in an attended location, but not in an
unattended one. In summary, early face-specific processing
is not automatic, but rather, like other objects, strongly
depends on endogenous factors such as the allocation of
spatial attention. Moreover, these findings underscore the
extensive influence that top-down attention exercises over
the processing of visual stimuli, including those of high
natural salience.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.3389/neuro.09.010.2007},
Key = {fds277515}
}
@article{fds277527,
Author = {Slagter, HA and Giesbrecht, B and Kok, A and Weissman, DH and Kenemans,
JL and Woldorff, MG and Mangun, GR},
Title = {fMRI evidence for both generalized and specialized
components of attentional control.},
Journal = {Brain Research},
Volume = {1177},
Pages = {90-102},
Year = {2007},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0006-8993},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17916338},
Keywords = {Adult • Attention • Cerebral Cortex • Color
Perception • Cues • Electrooculography • Eye
Movements • Female • Fixation, Ocular •
Humans • Image Processing, Computer-Assisted •
Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Male • Parietal Lobe
• Photic Stimulation • Psychomotor Performance
• Space Perception • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {A central question in the study of selective attention is
whether top-down attentional control mechanisms are
generalized or specialized for the type of information that
is to be attended. The current study examined this question
using a voluntary orienting task that cued observers to
attend to either one of two locations or to one of two
colors. Location (spatial) and color (nonspatial) conditions
were presented either randomly intermixed within the same
block of trials or in separate blocks. Functional magnetic
resonance imaging revealed that directing attention to a
location or to a color activated a network of overlapping
dorsal frontal and parietal areas, previously implicated in
attentional control. The pattern of observed overlap was not
affected by the intermixed versus blocked presentation of
location and color conditions. Although portions of the
frontal-parietal network were more active in response to
location cues than to color cues, a secondary analysis also
revealed that medial dorsal frontal and parietal cortex were
specifically engaged in shifting visual attention regardless
of the cued dimension (location or color). Together, the
present results support the conclusion that attentional
control is the combination of a generalized network that
works in concert with subregions of the frontoparietal
network that are highly specialized for directing attention
based on the content of the to-be-attended
information.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2007.07.097},
Key = {fds277527}
}
@article{fds277568,
Author = {Schoenfeld, MA and Woldorff, M and Düzel, E and Scheich, H and Heinze,
H-J and Mangun, GR},
Title = {Form-from-motion: MEG evidence for time course and
processing sequence.},
Journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},
Volume = {15},
Number = {2},
Pages = {157-172},
Year = {2003},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12676054},
Abstract = {The neural mechanisms and role of attention in the
processing of visual form defined by luminance or motion
cues were studied using magnetoencephalography. Subjects
viewed bilateral stimuli composed of moving random dots and
were instructed to covertly attend to either left or right
hemifield stimuli in order to detect designated target
stimuli that required a response. To generate
form-from-motion (FFMo) stimuli, a subset of the dots could
begin to move coherently to create the appearance of a
simple form (e.g., square). In other blocks, to generate
form-from-luminance (FFLu) stimuli that served as a control,
a gray stimulus was presented superimposed on the randomly
moving dots. Neuromagnetic responses were observed to both
the FFLu and FFMo stimuli and localized to multiple visual
cortical stages of analysis. Early activity in low-level
visual cortical areas (striate/early extrastriate) did not
differ for FFLu versus FFMo stimuli, nor as a function of
spatial attention. Longer latency responses elicited by the
FFLu stimuli were localized to the ventral-lateral occipital
cortex (LO) and the inferior temporal cortex (IT). The FFMo
stimuli also generated activity in the LO and IT, but only
after first eliciting activity in the lateral occipital
cortical region corresponding to MT/V5, resulting in a 50-60
msec delay in activity. All of these late responses (MT/V5,
LO, and IT) were significantly modulated by spatial
attention, being greatly attenuated for ignored FFLu and
FFMo stimuli. These findings argue that processing of form
in IT that is defined by motion requires a serial processing
of information, first in the motion analysis pathway from V1
to MT/V5 and thereafter via the form analysis stream in the
ventral visual pathway to IT.},
Doi = {10.1162/089892903321208105},
Key = {fds277568}
}
@article{fds323862,
Author = {Geib, BR and Stanley, ML and Dennis, NA and Woldorff, MG and Cabeza,
R},
Title = {From hippocampus to whole-brain: The role of integrative
processing in episodic memory retrieval.},
Journal = {Hum Brain Mapp},
Volume = {38},
Number = {4},
Pages = {2242-2259},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23518},
Abstract = {Multivariate functional connectivity analyses of
neuroimaging data have revealed the importance of complex,
distributed interactions between disparate yet
interdependent brain regions. Recent work has shown that
topological properties of functional brain networks are
associated with individual and group differences in
cognitive performance, including in episodic memory. After
constructing functional whole-brain networks derived from an
event-related fMRI study of memory retrieval, we examined
differences in functional brain network architecture between
forgotten and remembered words. This study yielded three
main findings. First, graph theory analyses showed that
successfully remembering compared to forgetting was
associated with significant changes in the connectivity
profile of the left hippocampus and a corresponding increase
in efficient communication with the rest of the brain.
Second, bivariate functional connectivity analyses indicated
stronger interactions between the left hippocampus and a
retrieval assembly for remembered versus forgotten items.
This assembly included the left precuneus, left caudate,
bilateral supramarginal gyrus, and the bilateral
dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus. Integrative properties
of the retrieval assembly were greater for remembered than
forgotten items. Third, whole-brain modularity analyses
revealed that successful memory retrieval was marginally
significantly associated with a less segregated modular
architecture in the network. The magnitude of the decreases
in modularity between remembered and forgotten conditions
was related to memory performance. These findings indicate
that increases in integrative properties at the nodal,
retrieval assembly, and whole-brain topological levels
facilitate memory retrieval, while also underscoring the
potential of multivariate brain connectivity approaches for
providing valuable new insights into the neural bases of
memory processes. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2242-2259, 2017. © 2017
Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/hbm.23518},
Key = {fds323862}
}
@article{fds180577,
Author = {MG Woldorff and CJ Hazlett and HM Fichtenholtz and DH Weissman and AM
Dale, AW Song},
Title = {Functional parcellation of attentional control regions of
the brain.},
Journal = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience},
Volume = {16},
Number = {1},
Pages = {149-65},
Year = {2004},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892904322755638},
Keywords = {Adult • Attention • Brain Mapping* • Cues*
• Evoked Potentials • Female • Frontal Lobe
• Humans • Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Male
• Mental Processes • Nerve Net • Parietal
Lobe • Reference Values • Space Perception •
physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {Recently, a number of investigators have examined the neural
loci of psychological processes enabling the control of
visual spatial attention using cued-attention paradigms in
combination with event-related functional magnetic resonance
imaging. Findings from these studies have provided strong
evidence for the involvement of a fronto-parietal network in
attentional control. In the present study, we build upon
this previous work to further investigate these attentional
control systems. In particular, we employed additional
controls for nonattentional sensory and interpretative
aspects of cue processing to determine whether distinct
regions in the fronto-parietal network are involved in
different aspects of cue processing, such as cue-symbol
interpretation and attentional orienting. In addition, we
used shorter cue-target intervals that were closer to those
used in the behavioral and event-related potential cueing
literatures. Twenty participants performed a cued spatial
attention task while brain activity was recorded with
functional magnetic resonance imaging. We found functional
specialization for different aspects of cue processing in
the lateral and medial subregions of the frontal and
parietal cortex. In particular, the medial subregions were
more specific to the orienting of visual spatial attention,
while the lateral subregions were associated with more
general aspects of cue processing, such as cue-symbol
interpretation. Additional cue-related effects included
differential activations in midline frontal regions and
pretarget enhancements in the thalamus and early visual
cortical areas.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1162/089892904322755638},
Key = {fds180577}
}
@article{fds277562,
Author = {Woldorff, MG and Hazlett, CJ and Fichtenholtz, HM and Weissman, DH and Dale, AM and Song, AW},
Title = {Functional parcellation of attentional control regions of
the brain.},
Journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},
Volume = {16},
Number = {1},
Pages = {149-165},
Year = {2004},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15006044},
Abstract = {Recently, a number of investigators have examined the neural
loci of psychological processes enabling the control of
visual spatial attention using cued-attention paradigms in
combination with event-related functional magnetic resonance
imaging. Findings from these studies have provided strong
evidence for the involvement of a fronto-parietal network in
attentional control. In the present study, we build upon
this previous work to further investigate these attentional
control systems. In particular, we employed additional
controls for nonattentional sensory and interpretative
aspects of cue processing to determine whether distinct
regions in the fronto-parietal network are involved in
different aspects of cue processing, such as cue-symbol
interpretation and attentional orienting. In addition, we
used shorter cue-target intervals that were closer to those
used in the behavioral and event-related potential cueing
literatures. Twenty participants performed a cued spatial
attention task while brain activity was recorded with
functional magnetic resonance imaging. We found functional
specialization for different aspects of cue processing in
the lateral and medial subregions of the frontal and
parietal cortex. In particular, the medial subregions were
more specific to the orienting of visual spatial attention,
while the lateral subregions were associated with more
general aspects of cue processing, such as cue-symbol
interpretation. Additional cue-related effects included
differential activations in midline frontal regions and
pretarget enhancements in the thalamus and early visual
cortical areas.},
Doi = {10.1162/089892904322755638},
Key = {fds277562}
}
@article{fds277553,
Author = {Senkowski, D and Talsma, D and Grigutsch, M and Herrmann, CS and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Good times for multisensory integration: Effects of the
precision of temporal synchrony as revealed by gamma-band
oscillations.},
Journal = {Neuropsychologia},
Volume = {45},
Number = {3},
Pages = {561-571},
Year = {2007},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0028-3932},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16542688},
Keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation • Adult • Analysis of
Variance • Auditory Perception • Biological Clocks
• Brain Mapping* • Cerebral Cortex •
Electroencephalography • Evoked Potentials •
Female • Functional Laterality • Humans •
Male • Photic Stimulation • Reaction Time •
Visual Perception • methods • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {The synchronous occurrence of the unisensory components of a
multisensory stimulus contributes to their successful
merging into a coherent perceptual representation.
Oscillatory gamma-band responses (GBRs, 30-80 Hz) have been
linked to feature integration mechanisms and to multisensory
processing, suggesting they may also be sensitive to the
temporal alignment of multisensory stimulus components. Here
we examined the effects on early oscillatory GBR brain
activity of varying the precision of the temporal synchrony
of the unisensory components of an audio-visual stimulus.
Audio-visual stimuli were presented with stimulus onset
asynchronies ranging from -125 to +125 ms. Randomized
streams of auditory (A), visual (V), and audio-visual (AV)
stimuli were presented centrally while subjects attended to
either the auditory or visual modality to detect occasional
targets. GBRs to auditory and visual components of
multisensory AV stimuli were extracted for five subranges of
asynchrony (e.g., A preceded by V by 100+/-25 ms, by 50+/-25
ms, etc.) and compared with GBRs to unisensory control
stimuli. Robust multisensory interactions were observed in
the early GBRs when the auditory and visual stimuli were
presented with the closest synchrony. These effects were
found over medial-frontal brain areas after 30-80 ms and
over occipital brain areas after 60-120 ms. A second
integration effect, possibly reflecting the perceptual
separation of the two sensory inputs, was found over
occipital areas when auditory inputs preceded visual by
100+/-25 ms. No significant interactions were observed for
the other subranges of asynchrony. These results show that
the precision of temporal synchrony can have an impact on
early cross-modal interactions in human cortex.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.01.013},
Key = {fds277553}
}
@article{fds277547,
Author = {Weissman, DH and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Hemispheric asymmetries for different components of
global/local attention occur in distinct temporo-parietal
loci.},
Journal = {Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)},
Volume = {15},
Number = {6},
Pages = {870-876},
Year = {2005},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1047-3211},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15459080},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Attention • Brain
Mapping • Dominance, Cerebral • Female •
Humans • Magnetic Resonance Imaging* • Male •
Parietal Lobe • Photic Stimulation • Reaction Time
• Temporal Lobe • Visual Cortex • physiology
• physiology*},
Abstract = {Data from brain-damaged and neurologically intact
populations indicate hemispheric asymmetries in the
temporo-parietal cortex for discriminating an object's
global form (e.g. the overall shape of a bicycle) versus its
local parts (e.g. the spokes in a bicycle tire). However, it
is not yet clear whether such asymmetries reflect processes
that (i) bias attention toward upcoming global versus local
stimuli and/or (ii) attend/identify global versus local
stimuli after they are presented. To investigate these
possibilities, we asked sixteen healthy participants to
perform a cued global/local attention task while their brain
activity was recorded using event-related functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The results indicated a
novel double dissociation. Hemispheric asymmetries for
deploying attention toward expected global versus local
object features were specific to the intraparietal sulcus
(iPs). However, hemispheric asymmetries for identifying
global versus local features after they were presented were
specific to the inferior parietal lobe/superior temporal
gyrus (IPL/STG). This double dissociation provides the first
direct evidence that hemispheric asymmetries associated with
different components of global/local attention occur in
distinct temporo-parietal loci. Furthermore, it parallels an
analogous dissociation reported in a recent fMRI study of
spatial orienting, suggesting that global/local attention
and spatial attention might rely on similar cognitive/neural
mechanisms.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhh187},
Key = {fds277547}
}
@article{fds277555,
Author = {Hasnain, MK and Fox, PT and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Hemispheric asymmetry of sulcus-function correspondence:
quantization and developmental implications.},
Journal = {Human Brain Mapping},
Volume = {27},
Number = {4},
Pages = {277-287},
Year = {2006},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1065-9471},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16092132},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Algorithms • Brain
Mapping • Functional Laterality • Humans •
Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Male • Photic
Stimulation • Positron-Emission Tomography •
Visual Cortex • Visual Pathways • Visual
Perception • anatomy & histology* • growth &
development • methods • physiology* •
radionuclide imaging},
Abstract = {Spatial covariances between the geometric centers of human
occipital sulci and visual functional areas were calculated
to reduce the spatial variance of functional-area locations
between subjects. Seven visual areas in each occipital
hemisphere were retinotopically mapped, using horizontal-
and vertical-meridian stimuli and (15)O PET in 11 subjects.
Sulcal locations were determined using anatomic brain models
derived from high-resolution MRI images. Location
variability for sulci and functional areas was similar in
magnitude, with average standard deviations of (2.7x, 5.3y,
5.7z) mm and (4.3x, 5.4y, 5.3z) mm, respectively. Sulcal
locations were predictive of functional-area locations
(i.e., significant spatial covariance) in the minority of
structure-function pairings tested (25 of 168). Location
variability was reduced by an average of 27% for functional
areas showing significant covariation with sulcal features.
Early-developing sulci were stronger predictors of
functional-area location than late-developing sulci.
Sulcus-function covariance was stronger in the left
occipital lobe than in the right occipital lobe. Notably,
the left calcarine fissure demonstrated powerful covariances
with functional areas in both hemispheres, suggesting that
it serves as a developmental "anchor" for functional areas
in the occipital cortex. These findings support the
hypothesis that hemispheric lateralization of function is
reflected in the strength of correspondence between cortical
surface anatomy and function.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/hbm.20183},
Key = {fds277555}
}
@article{fds277490,
Author = {Woldorff, MG and Matzke, M and Zamarripa, F and Fox,
PT},
Title = {Hemodynamic and electrophysiological study of the role of
the anterior cingulate in target-related processing and
selection for action.},
Journal = {Human Brain Mapping},
Volume = {8},
Number = {2-3},
Pages = {121-127},
Year = {1999},
ISSN = {1065-9471},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10524603},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Attention •
Electroencephalography • Evoked Potentials •
Female • Gyrus Cinguli • Hemodynamics •
Humans • Male • Photic Stimulation •
Psychomotor Performance • Tomography, Emission-Computed
• physiology • physiology* • radionuclide
imaging},
Abstract = {A number of experiments requiring attention or other complex
cognitive functions have found substantial activation in the
anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Some of these studies have
suggested that this area may be involved in "selection for
action," such as for selecting to respond to a target
stimulus. Here, positron emission tomography (PET) and
event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to study the
effects of target probability during a demanding visual
spatial attention task, in which the target percentage was
either low (2%, 1 per approximately 26 sec) or high (16%, 1
per approximately 3.5 sec). As expected, ERPs to detected
targets evoked large, bilaterally distributed P300 waves.
The PET showed strong activation of the ACC, particularly
dorsally, during all the attend conditions relative to
passive. However, these PET activations did not
significantly differ between the few-target and many-target
conditions, showing only a small trend to be larger in the
many-target case. Such results indicate that the bulk of the
ACC activation does not reflect selection for action per se,
while also suggesting that the ACC is not a likely source of
the P300 effect. The current data, however, do not argue
against the ACC serving a role in maintaining a vigilant or
anticipatory state in which one may need to select for
action, or in continually or repeatedly (i.e., for each
stimulus) needing to resolve whether to select to act or to
not act.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1097-0193(1999)8:2/3<121::aid-hbm9>3.0.co;2-b},
Key = {fds277490}
}
@article{fds277518,
Author = {Krebs, RM and Woldorff, MG and Tempelmann, C and Bodammer, N and Noesselt, T and Boehler, CN and Scheich, H and Hopf, JM and Duzel, E and al, E},
Title = {High-field FMRI reveals brain activation patterns underlying
saccade execution in the human superior colliculus.},
Journal = {Plos One},
Volume = {5},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e8691},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {1932-6203},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20084170},
Keywords = {Adult • Female • Humans • Magnetic Resonance
Imaging • Male • Saccades* • Superior
Colliculi • methods* • physiology*},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The superior colliculus (SC) has been shown to
play a crucial role in the initiation and coordination of
eye- and head-movements. The knowledge about the function of
this structure is mainly based on single-unit recordings in
animals with relatively few neuroimaging studies
investigating eye-movement related brain activity in humans.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The present study employed
high-field (7 Tesla) functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI) to investigate SC responses during endogenously cued
saccades in humans. In response to centrally presented
instructional cues, subjects either performed saccades away
from (centrifugal) or towards (centripetal) the center of
straight gaze or maintained fixation at the center position.
Compared to central fixation, the execution of saccades
elicited hemodynamic activity within a network of cortical
and subcortical areas that included the SC, lateral
geniculate nucleus (LGN), occipital cortex, striatum, and
the pulvinar. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Activity in the SC
was enhanced contralateral to the direction of the saccade
(i.e., greater activity in the right as compared to left SC
during leftward saccades and vice versa) during both
centrifugal and centripetal saccades, thereby demonstrating
that the contralateral predominance for saccade execution
that has been shown to exist in animals is also present in
the human SC. In addition, centrifugal saccades elicited
greater activity in the SC than did centripetal saccades,
while also being accompanied by an enhanced deactivation
within the prefrontal default-mode network. This pattern of
brain activity might reflect the reduced processing effort
required to move the eyes toward as compared to away from
the center of straight gaze, a position that might serve as
a spatial baseline in which the retinotopic and craniotopic
reference frames are aligned.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0008691},
Key = {fds277518}
}
@article{fds277426,
Author = {Clark, K and Appelbaum, LG and van den Berg, B and Mitroff, SR and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Improvement in visual search with practice: mapping
learning-related changes in neurocognitive stages of
processing.},
Journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
Volume = {35},
Number = {13},
Pages = {5351-5359},
Year = {2015},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0270-6474},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10641 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Practice can improve performance on visual search tasks; the
neural mechanisms underlying such improvements, however, are
not clear. Response time typically shortens with practice,
but which components of the stimulus-response processing
chain facilitate this behavioral change? Improved search
performance could result from enhancements in various
cognitive processing stages, including (1) sensory
processing, (2) attentional allocation, (3) target
discrimination, (4) motor-response preparation, and/or (5)
response execution. We measured event-related potentials
(ERPs) as human participants completed a five-day
visual-search protocol in which they reported the
orientation of a color popout target within an array of
ellipses. We assessed changes in behavioral performance and
in ERP components associated with various stages of
processing. After practice, response time decreased in all
participants (while accuracy remained consistent), and
electrophysiological measures revealed modulation of several
ERP components. First, amplitudes of the early
sensory-evoked N1 component at 150 ms increased bilaterally,
indicating enhanced visual sensory processing of the array.
Second, the negative-polarity posterior-contralateral
component (N2pc, 170-250 ms) was earlier and larger,
demonstrating enhanced attentional orienting. Third, the
amplitude of the sustained posterior contralateral
negativity component (SPCN, 300-400 ms) decreased,
indicating facilitated target discrimination. Finally,
faster motor-response preparation and execution were
observed after practice, as indicated by latency changes in
both the stimulus-locked and response-locked lateralized
readiness potentials (LRPs). These electrophysiological
results delineate the functional plasticity in key
mechanisms underlying visual search with high temporal
resolution and illustrate how practice influences various
cognitive and neural processing stages leading to enhanced
behavioral performance.},
Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1152-14.2015},
Key = {fds277426}
}
@article{fds277463,
Author = {Gao, JH and Xiong, J and Lai, S and Haacke, EM and Woldorff, MG and Li, J and Fox, PT},
Title = {Improving the temporal resolution of functional MR imaging
using keyhole techniques.},
Journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine},
Volume = {35},
Number = {6},
Pages = {854-860},
Year = {1996},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0740-3194},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8744013},
Keywords = {Adult • Artifacts • Humans • Magnetic
Resonance Imaging • Male • Motor Cortex •
anatomy & histology • methods* •
physiology*},
Abstract = {Using a keyhole technique, it is shown that the data
acquisition rate of gradient-echo imaging for functional MRI
(fMRI) studies can be increased substantially. The resulting
enhancement of the temporal resolution of fMRIs was
accomplished without modifying the hardware of a
conventional MRI system. High spatial resolution fMRI images
were first collected with conventional full k-space
acquisition and image reconstruction. Using the same data
set, simulation reconstruction using the keyhole principle
and zero-padding were performed for comparison with the full
k-space reconstruction. No significant changes were found
for fMRI images generated from the keyhole technique with a
data sharing profile of 50% of the k-space. As k-space data
sharing profiles increased to 75 and 87.5%, the keyhole fMRI
images began to show only modest changes in activation
intensity and area compared with the standard images. In
contrast, zero-padding fMRI images produced a significant
disparity both in activation intensity and area relative to
the truly high-resolution fMRI images. The keyhole
technique's ability to retain the intensity and area of fMRI
information, while substantially reducing acquisition time,
makes it a promising method for fMRI studies.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/mrm.1910350611},
Key = {fds277463}
}
@article{fds277521,
Author = {Paulsen, DJ and Woldorff, MG and Brannon, EM},
Title = {Individual differences in nonverbal number discrimination
correlate with event-related potentials and measures of
probabilistic reasoning.},
Journal = {Neuropsychologia},
Volume = {48},
Number = {13},
Pages = {3687-3695},
Year = {2010},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1873-3514},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20817003},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Analysis of Variance •
Discrimination (Psychology) • Electroencephalography
• Evoked Potentials • Female • Humans •
Individuality* • Male • Photic Stimulation •
Probability • Problem Solving • Psychomotor
Performance • Reaction Time • Time Factors •
physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {The current study investigated the neural activity patterns
associated with numerical sensitivity in adults.
Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while adults
observed sequentially presented display arrays (S1 and S2)
of non-symbolic numerical stimuli (dots) and made
same/different judgments of these stimuli by pressing a
button only when numerosities were the same (target trials).
The main goals were to contrast the effects of numerical
distance (close, medium, and far) and change direction
(increasing, decreasing) between S1 and S2, both in terms of
behavior and brain activity, and to examine the influence of
individual differences in numeracy on the effects of these
manipulations. Neural effects of distance were found to be
significant between 360 and 600 ms after the onset of S2
(greater negativity-wave activity for closer numerical
distances), while direction effects were found between 320
and 440 ms (greater negativity for decreasing direction).
ERP change direction effects did not interact with numerical
distance, suggesting that the two types of information are
processed independently. Importantly, subjects' behavioral
Weber fractions (w) for the same/different discrimination
task correlated with distance-related ERP-activity
amplitudes. Moreover, w also correlated with a separate
objective measure of mathematical ability. Results thus draw
a clear link between brain and behavior measures of number
discrimination, while also providing support for the
relationship between nonverbal magnitude discrimination and
symbolic numerical processing.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.08.014},
Key = {fds277521}
}
@article{fds277516,
Author = {Libertus, ME and Pruitt, LB and Woldorff, MG and Brannon,
EM},
Title = {Induced alpha-band oscillations reflect ratio-dependent
number discrimination in the infant brain.},
Journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},
Volume = {21},
Number = {12},
Pages = {2398-2406},
Year = {2009},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19016603},
Keywords = {Alpha Rhythm* • Brain • Brain Mapping •
Discrimination (Psychology) • Evoked Potentials, Visual
• Female • Humans • Infant • Male •
Mathematics* • Pattern Recognition, Visual •
Photic Stimulation • Psychophysics • Recognition
(Psychology) • Spectrum Analysis • methods •
physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {Behavioral studies show that infants are capable of
discriminating the number of objects or events in their
environment, while also suggesting that number
discrimination in infancy may be ratio-dependent. However,
due to limitations of the dependent measures used with
infant behavioral studies, the evidence for ratio dependence
falls short of the vast psychophysical datasets that have
established ratio dependence, and thus, adherence to Weber's
Law in adults and nonhuman animals. We addressed this issue
in two experiments that presented 7-month-old infants with
familiar and novel numerosities while electroencephalogram
measures of their brain activity were recorded. These data
provide convergent evidence that the brains of 7-month-old
infants detected numerical novelty. Alpha-band and
theta-band oscillations both differed for novel and familiar
numerical values. Most importantly, spectral power in the
alpha band over midline and right posterior scalp sites was
modulated by the ratio between the familiar and novel
numerosities. Our findings provide neural evidence that
numerical discrimination in infancy is ratio dependent and
follows Weber's Law, thus indicating continuity of these
cognitive processes over development. Results are also
consistent with the idea that networks in the frontal and
parietal cortices support ratio-dependent number
discrimination in the first year of human life, consistent
with what has been reported in neuroimaging studies in
adults and older children.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn.2008.21162},
Key = {fds277516}
}
@article{fds277489,
Author = {Pliszka, SR and Liotti, M and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Inhibitory control in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder: event-related potentials identify the processing
component and timing of an impaired right-frontal
response-inhibition mechanism.},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {48},
Number = {3},
Pages = {238-246},
Year = {2000},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0006-3223},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10924667},
Keywords = {Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity • Child
• Evoked Potentials • Frontal Lobe •
Functional Laterality • Humans • Inhibition
(Psychology)* • Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Male
• Reaction Time • Time Factors •
abnormalities • diagnosis* • physiology* •
physiopathology*},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: A core deficit in inhibitory control may account
for a wide range of dysfunctional behaviors in
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS:
Event-related potentials were measured in 10 children with
ADHD and 10 healthy children during a task specifically
involving response inhibition (Stop signal task). RESULTS:
In response to all Stop signals, control participants
produced a large negative wave at 200 msec (N200) over right
inferior frontal cortex, which was markedly reduced in ADHD
children. The N200 amplitude was significantly correlated
across subjects with response-inhibition performance. In
response to the Go stimuli, ADHD children showed a reduced
slow positive wave (250-500 msec) in anticipation of failed
inhibitions over right frontal scalp regions. CONCLUSIONS:
ADHD children appear to have an abnormality in an
early-latency, right inferior frontal processing component
critical to the initiation of normal response-inhibition
operations. They also appear to have a right frontal
abnormality associated to the covert processing of Go
stimuli preceding failed inhibitions. By providing timing
and processing component specificity, these results extend
the findings of recent functional MRI studies of inhibitory
control reporting right frontal abnormalities in
ADHD.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00890-8},
Key = {fds277489}
}
@article{fds277468,
Author = {Fox, PT and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Integrating human brain maps.},
Journal = {Current Opinion in Neurobiology},
Volume = {4},
Number = {2},
Pages = {151-156},
Year = {1994},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0959-4388},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8038570},
Keywords = {Brain Mapping* • Humans • Information Systems
• Meta-Analysis as Topic • Models, Neurological
• Neurology • methods • trends},
Abstract = {Perception, action, cognition, and emotion can now be mapped
in the brain by a growing family of techniques. Positron
emission tomography, functional magnetic resonance imaging,
event-related electrical potentials, event-related magnetic
fields, and other non-invasive imaging techniques are
rapidly evolving and providing an increasingly rich
literature on the functional organization of the human
brain. Although no two techniques map identical
physiological processes or physical parameters, replications
of functionally specific maps by different techniques
indicate sufficient common ground for multimodality
integration. The process of integration is multi-tiered.
Recent advances in integration range from simple image
fusion, to model-based synthetic analyses, to collective
databases for neural-system modeling. Spatially, temporally,
physiologically, and cognitively accurate computational
models of the neural systems of human behavior are the
ultimate objective of functional brain mapping. This
objective will be reached only through integrating the
diversity of modern brain-mapping methods.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/0959-4388(94)90065-5},
Key = {fds277468}
}
@article{fds277443,
Author = {Xiong, J and Rao, S and Woldorff, MG and Jerabek, P and Fox,
PT},
Title = {Inter-subject variability in task-induced activations during
verb generation},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {7},
Number = {4 PART II},
Pages = {S156},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(18)30989-3},
Doi = {10.1016/s1053-8119(18)30989-3},
Key = {fds277443}
}
@article{fds277551,
Author = {Khoe, W and Freeman, E and Woldorff, MG and Mangun,
GR},
Title = {Interactions between attention and perceptual grouping in
human visual cortex.},
Journal = {Brain Research},
Volume = {1078},
Number = {1},
Pages = {101-111},
Year = {2006},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0006-8993},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16500628},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Analysis of Variance •
Attention • Brain Mapping • Discrimination
(Psychology) • Evoked Potentials, Visual • Female
• Functional Laterality • Humans • Male
• Orientation • Photic Stimulation • Reaction
Time • Time Factors • Visual Cortex • Visual
Perception • methods • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {Freeman et al. demonstrated that detection sensitivity for a
low contrast Gabor stimulus improved in the presence of
flanking, collinearly oriented grating stimuli, but only
when observers attended to them. By recording visual
event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by a Gabor
stimulus, we investigated whether this contextual cueing
effect involves changes in the short-latency afferent visual
signal from V1 that have a stimulus onset latency between 60
and 80 ms and/or longer-latency changes from visual cortex.
Under dual-task conditions, the subjects performed contrast
discrimination for a central Gabor and an orientation
judgment for a pre-specified subset of the flanking Gabors.
On random trials, the central Gabor could be collinearly or
orthogonally oriented with respect to the attended flankers.
Subjects showed improvements in discriminating the contrast
of the central grating when it was oriented collinearly with
the attended flankers. The ERP difference between attending
to collinear versus orthogonal flankers manifested as a
positive polarity response at occipital electrodes with a
latency of 180-250 ms after stimulus onset. No
shorter-latency contextual cueing differences were observed
in the ERPs. The ERP latency profile of the contextual
cueing effect argues against the hypothesis that
short-latency afferent activity from V1 is the stage of
processing at which attention can influence neuronal lateral
interactions. However, the scalp voltage distribution of the
longer-latency contextual cueing effect is similar to the
one generated by the early phasic stimulus onset activity
from V1. These findings leave open the possibility that V1
is involved in the attentional modulation of lateral
interactions but that this has a longer time course, likely
being mediated by re-afferent inputs from later stages of
the visual pathway.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2005.12.083},
Key = {fds277551}
}
@article{fds277529,
Author = {Talsma, D and Senkowski, D and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Intermodal attention affects the processing of the temporal
alignment of audiovisual stimuli.},
Journal = {Exp Brain Res},
Volume = {198},
Number = {2-3},
Pages = {313-328},
Year = {2009},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1432-1106},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19495733},
Keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation • Adult • Attention •
Auditory Perception • Brain • Electroencephalography
• Evoked Potentials • Female • Humans •
Male • Multivariate Analysis • Neuropsychological
Tests • Photic Stimulation • Reaction Time •
Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted • Task Performance
and Analysis • Time Factors • Visual Perception
• physiology*},
Abstract = {The temporal asynchrony between inputs to different sensory
modalities has been shown to be a critical factor
influencing the interaction between such inputs. We used
scalp-recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) to
investigate the effects of attention on the processing of
audiovisual multisensory stimuli as the temporal asynchrony
between the auditory and visual inputs varied across the
audiovisual integration window (i.e., up to 125 ms).
Randomized streams of unisensory auditory stimuli,
unisensory visual stimuli, and audiovisual stimuli
(consisting of the temporally proximal presentation of the
visual and auditory stimulus components) were presented
centrally while participants attended to either the auditory
or the visual modality to detect occasional target stimuli
in that modality. ERPs elicited by each of the contributing
sensory modalities were extracted by signal processing
techniques from the combined ERP waveforms elicited by the
multisensory stimuli. This was done for each of the five
different 50-ms subranges of stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA:
e.g., V precedes A by 125-75 ms, by 75-25 ms, etc.). The
extracted ERPs for the visual inputs of the multisensory
stimuli were compared among each other and with the ERPs to
the unisensory visual control stimuli, separately when
attention was directed to the visual or to the auditory
modality. The results showed that the attention effects on
the right-hemisphere visual P1 was largest when auditory and
visual stimuli were temporally aligned. In contrast, the N1
attention effect was smallest at this latency, suggesting
that attention may play a role in the processing of the
relative temporal alignment of the constituent parts of
multisensory stimuli. At longer latencies an occipital
selection negativity for the attended versus unattended
visual stimuli was also observed, but this effect did not
vary as a function of SOA, suggesting that by that latency a
stable representation of the auditory and visual stimulus
components has been established.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1007/s00221-009-1858-6},
Key = {fds277529}
}
@article{fds277567,
Author = {Xiong, J and Rao, S and Jerabek, P and Zamarripa, F and Woldorff, M and Lancaster, J and Fox, PT},
Title = {Intersubject variability in cortical activations during a
complex language task.},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {12},
Number = {3},
Pages = {326-339},
Year = {2000},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1053-8119},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10944415},
Abstract = {Intersubject variability in the functional organization of
the human brain has theoretical and practical importance for
basic and clinical neuroscience. In the present study,
positron emission tomography (PET) and anatomical magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) were used to study the functional
anatomy of language processes. Intersubject variability in
task-induced activations in six brain regions was assessed
in 20 normal subjects (10 men and 10 women) for frequency of
occurrence, location, intensity, and extent. A complex, but
well-studied task (overt verb generation) was compared to a
simple baseline (visual fixation) to induce activations in
brain areas serving perceptual, motoric, and cognitive
functions. The frequency of occurrence was high for all
selected brain areas (80-95%). The variability in response
location in Talairach space, expressed as the standard
deviation along each axis (x, y, z), ranged from 5.2 to 9.9
mm. This variability appears to be uniformly distributed
across the brain, uninfluenced by regional differences in
the complexity of gyral anatomy or mediated behavior. The
variability in response location, expressed as the average
Euclidean distances (averaged across subjects) about mean
locations of activations, varied from 9.40 to 13.36 mm and
had no significant differences by region (P>0.05, beta =
0.20). Intensity variability was also relatively small and
homogenous across brain regions. In contrast, response
extent was much more variable both across subjects and
across brain regions (0.79 to 1.77, coefficient of
variation). These findings are in good agreement with
previous PET studies of intersubject variability and bode
well for the possibility of using functional neuroimaging to
study neural plasticity subsequent to congenital and
acquired brain lesions.},
Doi = {10.1006/nimg.2000.0621},
Key = {fds277567}
}
@article{fds277460,
Author = {Hasnain, MK and Fox, PT and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Intersubject variability of functional areas in the human
visual cortex.},
Journal = {Human Brain Mapping},
Volume = {6},
Number = {4},
Pages = {301-315},
Year = {1998},
ISSN = {1065-9471},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9704267},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Brain Mapping* •
Cerebrovascular Circulation • Fixation, Ocular •
Functional Laterality • Humans • Magnetic
Resonance Imaging • Male • Reference Values •
Regional Blood Flow • Reproducibility of Results •
Tomography, Emission-Computed • Visual Cortex •
anatomy & histology • methods • physiology •
physiology* • radionuclide imaging},
Abstract = {Intersubject variability of striate and extrastriate areas
was mapped by conjoined use of positron emission tomography
(PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We used two
dynamic bowtie-shaped random-dot patterns centered
symmetrically around the vertical- and horizontal-meridian,
respectively, presented during sequential PET scans in 11
subjects. Control condition was simple fixation on a central
dot in absence of a surrounding random dot pattern. V1, V2,
VP, V3, V3a, V4, V5, and "wordform" areas were identified.
After spatial normalization to Talairach atlas space, mean
locations and standard deviations about these mean locations
for x-, y-, and z-axes were calculated for each area in both
hemispheres and compared for differences. The mean standard
deviation for all axes across all areas tested was found to
be small (4.9 mm). No significant differences were found in
the mean standard deviations for the x-, y-, and z-axes in
the left hemisphere vs. their counterparts in the right
hemisphere. However, when mean standard deviations in both
hemispheres were polled together by axis, the mean standard
deviation for the y-axis (5.3 mm) was found to be
significantly different from the mean standard deviation for
the x-axis (4.3 mm). Furthermore, in the left hemisphere,
the mean standard deviation for the z-axis (5.7 mm) was
significantly greater than the mean standard deviation for
the x-axis (3.9 mm). The values reported in this study for
mean location and standard deviation of visual areas can be
used to establish confidence intervals for distinguishing
normal variations from pathology and consequent brain
reorganization.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1097-0193(1998)6:4<301::aid-hbm8>3.0.co;2-7},
Key = {fds277460}
}
@article{fds327140,
Author = {Giattino, CM and Gardner, JE and Sbahi, FM and Roberts, KC and Cooter,
M and Moretti, E and Browndyke, JN and Mathew, JP and Woldorff, MG and Berger, M and MADCO-PC Investigators},
Title = {Intraoperative Frontal Alpha-Band Power Correlates with
Preoperative Neurocognitive Function in Older
Adults.},
Journal = {Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience},
Volume = {11},
Pages = {24},
Year = {2017},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2017.00024},
Abstract = {Each year over 16 million older Americans undergo general
anesthesia for surgery, and up to 40% develop postoperative
delirium and/or cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Delirium and
POCD are each associated with decreased quality of life,
early retirement, increased 1-year mortality, and long-term
cognitive decline. Multiple investigators have thus
suggested that anesthesia and surgery place severe stress on
the aging brain, and that patients with less ability to
withstand this stress will be at increased risk for
developing postoperative delirium and POCD. Delirium and
POCD risk are increased in patients with lower preoperative
cognitive function, yet preoperative cognitive function is
not routinely assessed, and no intraoperative physiological
predictors have been found that correlate with lower
preoperative cognitive function. Since general anesthesia
causes alpha-band (8-12 Hz) electroencephalogram (EEG) power
to decrease occipitally and increase frontally (known as
"anteriorization"), and anesthetic-induced frontal alpha
power is reduced in older adults, we hypothesized that lower
intraoperative frontal alpha power might correlate with
lower preoperative cognitive function. Here, we provide
evidence that such a correlation exists, suggesting that
lower intraoperative frontal alpha power could be used as a
physiological marker to identify older adults with lower
preoperative cognitive function. Lower intraoperative
frontal alpha power could thus be used to target these
at-risk patients for possible therapeutic interventions to
help prevent postoperative delirium and POCD, or for
increased postoperative monitoring and follow-up. More
generally, these results suggest that understanding
interindividual differences in how the brain responds to
anesthetic drugs can be used as a probe of neurocognitive
function (and dysfunction), and might be a useful measure of
neurocognitive function in older adults.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnsys.2017.00024},
Key = {fds327140}
}
@article{fds277505,
Author = {Donohue, SE and Liotti, M and Perez, R and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Is conflict monitoring supramodal? Spatiotemporal dynamics
of cognitive control processes in an auditory Stroop
task.},
Journal = {Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci},
Volume = {12},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-15},
Year = {2012},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1531-135X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21964643},
Abstract = {The electrophysiological correlates of conflict processing
and cognitive control have been well characterized for the
visual modality in paradigms such as the Stroop task. Much
less is known about corresponding processes in the auditory
modality. Here, electroencephalographic recordings of brain
activity were measured during an auditory Stroop task, using
three different forms of behavioral response (overt verbal,
covert verbal, and manual), that closely paralleled our
previous visual Stroop study. As was expected, behavioral
responses were slower and less accurate for incongruent than
for congruent trials. Neurally, incongruent trials showed an
enhanced fronto-central negative polarity wave (N(inc)),
similar to the N450 in visual Stroop tasks, with similar
variations as a function of behavioral response mode, but
peaking ~150 ms earlier, followed by an enhanced positive
posterior wave. In addition, sequential behavioral and
neural effects were observed that supported the
conflict-monitoring and cognitive adjustment hypothesis.
Thus, while some aspects of the conflict detection
processes, such as timing, may be modality dependent, the
general mechanisms would appear to be supramodal.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.3758/s13415-011-0060-z},
Key = {fds277505}
}
@article{Donohue2012,
Author = {Donohue, S. E. and Liotti, M. and Perez, R. 3rd and Woldorff, M. G.},
Title = {Is conflict monitoring supramodal?: Spatiotemporal dynamics
of cognitive control processes in an auditory Stroop
task},
Journal = {Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci},
Volume = {12},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1--15},
Address = {Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Box
90999, Durham, NC 27708-0999, USA.},
Year = {2012},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21964643},
Keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation • Adolescent • Adult •
Analysis of Variance • *Brain Mapping • *Conflict
(Psychology) • Electroencephalography • Evoked
Potentials, Auditory/*physiology • Female • Humans
• Male • Mental Processes/*physiology •
Middle Aged • *Models, Neurological •
*Neuropsychological Tests • Pitch Perception/physiology
• Reaction Time • Statistics as Topic • Time
Factors • Young Adult},
Abstract = {The electrophysiological correlates of conflict processing
and cognitive control have been well characterized for the
visual modality in paradigms such as the Stroop task. Much
less is known about corresponding processes in the auditory
modality. Here, electroencephalographic recordings of brain
activity were measured during an auditory Stroop task, using
three different forms of behavioral response (overt verbal,
covert verbal, and manual), that closely paralleled our
previous visual Stroop study. As was expected, behavioral
responses were slower and less accurate for incongruent than
for congruent trials. Neurally, incongruent trials showed an
enhanced fronto-central negative polarity wave (N(inc)),
similar to the N450 in visual Stroop tasks, with similar
variations as a function of behavioral response mode, but
peaking {\textasciitilde}150 ms earlier, followed by an
enhanced positive posterior wave. In addition, sequential
behavioral and neural effects were observed that supported
the conflict-monitoring and cognitive adjustment hypothesis.
Thus, while some aspects of the conflict detection
processes, such as timing, may be modality dependent, the
general mechanisms would appear to be supramodal.},
Doi = {10.3758/s13415-011-0060-z},
Key = {Donohue2012}
}
@article{fds323874,
Author = {Appelbaum, LG and Donohue, SE and Park, CJ and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Is one enough? The case for non-additive influences of
visual features on crossmodal Stroop interference.},
Journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
Volume = {4},
Pages = {799},
Year = {2013},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00799},
Abstract = {When different perceptual signals arising from the same
physical entity are integrated, they form a more reliable
sensory estimate. When such repetitive sensory signals are
pitted against other competing stimuli, such as in a Stroop
Task, this redundancy may lead to stronger processing that
biases behavior toward reporting the redundant stimuli. This
bias would therefore, be expected to evoke greater
incongruency effects than if these stimuli did not contain
redundant sensory features. In the present paper we report
that this is not the case for a set of three crossmodal,
auditory-visual Stroop tasks. In these tasks participants
attended to, and reported, either the visual or the auditory
stimulus (in separate blocks) while ignoring the other,
unattended modality. The visual component of these stimuli
could be purely semantic (words), purely perceptual
(colors), or the combination of both. Based on previous work
showing enhanced crossmodal integration and visual search
gains for redundantly coded stimuli, we had expected that
relative to the single features, redundant visual features
would have induced both greater visual distracter
incongruency effects for attended auditory targets, and been
less influenced by auditory distracters for attended visual
targets. Overall, reaction times were faster for visual
targets and were dominated by behavioral facilitation for
the cross-modal interactions (relative to interference), but
showed surprisingly little influence of visual feature
redundancy. Post-hoc analyses revealed modest and trending
evidence for possible increases in behavioral interference
for redundant visual distracters on auditory targets,
however, these effects were substantially smaller than
anticipated and were not accompanied by a redundancy effect
for behavioral facilitation or for attended visual
targets.},
Doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00799},
Key = {fds323874}
}
@article{fds277453,
Author = {Woldorff, MG and Tempelmann, C and Fell, J and Tegeler, C and Gaschler,
B and Hinrichs, H and Heinze, HJ and Scheich, H},
Title = {Lateralized auditory spatial perception and cortical
processing contralaterality as studied with fMRI and
MEG},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {5},
Number = {4 PART II},
Pages = {S173},
Year = {1997},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds277453}
}
@article{fds277459,
Author = {Woldorff, MG and Tempelmann, C and Fell, J and Tegeler, C and Gaschler-Markefski, B and Hinrichs, H and Heinz, HJ and Scheich,
H},
Title = {Lateralized auditory spatial perception and the
contralaterality of cortical processing as studied with
functional magnetic resonance imaging and
magnetoencephalography.},
Journal = {Human Brain Mapping},
Volume = {7},
Number = {1},
Pages = {49-66},
Year = {1999},
ISSN = {1065-9471},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9882090},
Keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation • Adult • Auditory Perception
• Brain Mapping* • Cerebral Cortex •
Functional Laterality • Humans • Magnetic
Resonance Imaging • Magnetoencephalography •
Reaction Time • Sound Localization • Space
Perception • methods • physiology*},
Abstract = {Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and
magnetoencephalography (MEG) were used to study the
relationships between lateralized auditory perception in
humans and the contralaterality of processing in auditory
cortex. Subjects listened to rapidly presented streams of
short FM-sweep tone bursts to detect infrequent, slightly
deviant tone bursts. The stimulus streams consisted of
either monaural stimuli to one ear or the other or binaural
stimuli with brief interaural onset delays. The onset delay
gives the binaural sounds a lateralized auditory perception
and is thought to be a key component of how our brains
localize sounds in space. For the monaural stimuli, fMRI
revealed a clear contralaterality in auditory cortex, with a
contralaterality index (contralateral activity divided by
the sum of contralateral and ipsilateral activity) of 67%.
In contrast, the fMRI activations from the laterally
perceived binaural stimuli indicated little or no
contralaterality (index of 51%). The MEG recordings from the
same subjects performing the same task converged
qualitatively with the fMRI data, confirming a clear
monaural contralaterality, with no contralaterality for the
laterally perceived binaurals. However, the MEG monaural
contralaterality (55%) was less than the fMRI and decreased
across the several hundred millisecond poststimulus time
period, going from 57% in the M50 latency range (20-70 ms)
to 53% in the M200 range (170-250 ms). These data sets
provide both quantification of the degree of
contralaterality in the auditory pathways and insight into
the locus and mechanism of the lateralized perception of
spatially lateralized sounds.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1097-0193(1999)7:1<49::AID-HBM5>3.0.CO;2-J},
Key = {fds277459}
}
@article{fds355670,
Author = {Geib, BR and Cabeza, R and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Linking the Rapid Cascade of Visuo-Attentional Processes to
Successful Memory Encoding.},
Journal = {Cerebral Cortex},
Volume = {31},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1861-1872},
Year = {2021},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa295},
Abstract = {While it is broadly accepted that attention modulates
memory, the contribution of specific rapid attentional
processes to successful encoding is largely unknown. To
investigate this issue, we leveraged the high temporal
resolution of electroencephalographic recordings to directly
link a cascade of visuo-attentional neural processes to
successful encoding: namely (1) the N2pc (peaking ~200 ms),
which reflects stimulus-specific attentional orienting and
allocation, (2) the sustained posterior-contralateral
negativity (post-N2pc), which has been associated with
sustained visual processing, (3) the contralateral reduction
in oscillatory alpha power (contralateral reduction in
alpha > 200 ms), which has also been independently
related to attentionally sustained visual processing. Each
of these visuo-attentional processes was robustly predictive
of successful encoding, and, moreover, each enhanced memory
independently of the classic, longer-latency, conceptually
related, difference-due-to memory (Dm) effect. Early latency
midfrontal theta power also promoted successful encoding,
with at least part of this influence being mediated by the
later latency Dm effect. These findings markedly expand
current knowledge by helping to elucidate the intimate
relationship between attentional modulations of perceptual
processing and effective encoding for later memory
retrieval.},
Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhaa295},
Key = {fds355670}
}
@article{fds367566,
Author = {Reese, M and Roberts, K and Woldorff, MG and Cooter, M and Acker, L and Wu,
S and Whitson, HE and Berger, M},
Title = {Machine learning XGBoost classification of postoperative
delirium by intraoperative EEG metrics},
Journal = {Anesthesia and Analgesia},
Volume = {134},
Pages = {609-611},
Year = {2022},
Key = {fds367566}
}
@article{fds277461,
Author = {Woldorff, MG and Hillyard, SA and Gallen, CC and Hampson, SR and Bloom,
FE},
Title = {Magnetoencephalographic recordings demonstrate attentional
modulation of mismatch-related neural activity in human
auditory cortex.},
Journal = {Psychophysiology},
Volume = {35},
Number = {3},
Pages = {283-292},
Year = {1998},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0048-5772},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9564748},
Keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation • Adult • Attention •
Auditory Cortex • Dichotic Listening Tests •
Evoked Potentials, Auditory • Humans •
Magnetoencephalography* • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {It is widely agreed that the negative brain potential
elicited at 150-200 ms by a deviant, less intense sound in a
repetitive series can be modulated by attention. To
investigate whether this modulation represents a genuine
attention effect on the mismatch negativity (MMN) arising
from auditory cortex or attention-related activity from
another brain region, we recorded both the MMN and the
mismatch magnetic field (MMF) elicited by such deviants in a
dichotic listening task. Deviant tones in the attended ear
elicited a sizable MMF that was well modeled as a dipolar
source in auditory cortex. Both the MMN and MMF to
unattended-ear deviants were highly attenuated. These
findings support the view that the MMN/MMF elicited in
auditory cortex by intensity deviants, and thus the
underlying feature-analysis and mismatch-detection
processes, are not strongly automatic but rather can be
gated or suppressed if attention is strongly focused
elsewhere.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1017/s0048577298961601},
Key = {fds277461}
}
@article{fds277492,
Author = {Hansen, JC and Woldorff, M},
Title = {Mechanisms of auditory selective attention as revealed by
event-related potentials.},
Journal = {Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology.
Supplement},
Volume = {42},
Pages = {195-209},
Year = {1991},
ISSN = {0424-8155},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1915016},
Keywords = {Attention • Auditory Perception • Brain •
Electroencephalography • Evoked Potentials, Auditory
• Humans • Reaction Time • physiology •
physiology*},
Language = {eng},
Key = {fds277492}
}
@article{fds277497,
Author = {Hillyard, SA and Woldorff, M and Mangun, GR and Hansen,
JC},
Title = {Mechanisms of early selective attention in auditory and
visual modalities.},
Journal = {Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology.
Supplement},
Volume = {39},
Pages = {317-324},
Year = {1987},
ISSN = {0424-8155},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3477441},
Keywords = {Adult • Attention* • Auditory Perception •
Brain Stem • Evoked Potentials, Auditory • Evoked
Potentials, Visual • Humans • Reaction Time •
Visual Perception • physiology •
physiology*},
Language = {eng},
Key = {fds277497}
}
@article{fds277542,
Author = {Hazlett, CJ and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Mechanisms of moving the mind's eye: planning and execution
of spatial shifts of attention.},
Journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},
Volume = {16},
Number = {5},
Pages = {742-750},
Year = {2004},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15200702},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Attention • Cues •
Decision Making* • Female • Humans • Male
• Mental Processes • Models, Psychological •
Reaction Time • Space Perception • Time Factors
• Visual Fields • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {The usefulness of attentional orienting, both in the real
world and in the laboratory, depends not only on the ability
to attend to objects or other inputs but also on the ability
to shift attention between them. Although understanding the
basic characteristics of these shifts is a critical step
toward understanding the brain mechanisms that produce them,
the literature remains unresolved on a very basic and
potentially revealing characteristic of these shifts-namely,
whether attention takes longer to shift a farther distance
across the visual field. We addressed this question using a
series of behavioral tasks involving the voluntary orienting
of attention to locations in the visual field. The findings
support a model in which attentional shifts include separate
"planning" and "execution" stages and in which only the
planning stage requires more time for shifts of a greater
distance. These results offer resolution to the longstanding
debate concerning the effect of attentional shift distance
on shift time and provide insight into the fundamental
mechanisms of attentional shifting.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1162/089892904970735},
Key = {fds277542}
}
@article{fds277473,
Author = {Woldorff, MG and Hillyard, SA},
Title = {Modulation of early auditory processing during selective
listening to rapidly presented tones.},
Journal = {Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology},
Volume = {79},
Number = {3},
Pages = {170-191},
Year = {1991},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0013-4694},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1714809},
Keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation • Adolescent • Adult •
Attention • Brain • Dichotic Listening Tests
• Electroencephalography • Evoked Potentials,
Auditory • Female • Functional Laterality •
Hearing • Humans • Reaction Time • Reference
Values • Task Performance and Analysis • Temporal
Lobe • physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {Two dichotic listening experiments were performed in which
stimulus and task conditions were optimized for the early
selection of inputs. Subjects listened selectively to
sequences of rapidly presented tone pips in one ear while
ignoring tone pips of a different pitch in the opposite ear.
In both experiments, an enhanced positivity between 20 and
50 msec (the 'P20-50') was observed over central and frontal
sites in the ERPs to the attended-channel tone pips. At
longer latencies, the effects of attention appeared to
include an amplitude modulation of several exogenous ERPs,
including subcomponents of the central N1 (60-150 msec) and
P2 (170-230 msec) waves and the temporal T complex (80-150
msec). In contrast, the attention effect prefrontally
consisted of a broad negativity that appeared to be largely
endogenous. A signal processing technique (Adjar) was
employed to correct for distortion of mutually overlapping
ERPs elicited by successive stimuli presented at short
interstimulus intervals (ISIs). It was confirmed that the
P20-50 attention effect was not the result of differential
overlap from previous ERPs. In addition, this technique
allowed an analysis to be made of the effects of the
preceding stimulus type and ISI on the attention-sensitive
ERPs, which provided further support for the view that
highly focused selective attention can directly modulate
exogenous components of the auditory ERP. Moreover, these
sequence-dependent ERP modulations were paralleled by
variations in target discrimination performance. Taken
together, these results provide strong support for the early
selection hypothesis that attention can serve to selectively
bias or gate stimulus processing before full perceptual
analysis has occurred.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/0013-4694(91)90136-r},
Key = {fds277473}
}
@article{fds323877,
Author = {WOLDORFF, M},
Title = {Modulation of early sensory processing in human auditory
cortex during auditory selective attention},
Journal = {Proc. Nat'L Acad. Sci. Usa.},
Volume = {90},
Pages = {8722-8726},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds323877}
}
@article{fds277465,
Author = {Woldorff, MG and Gallen, CC and Hampson, SA and Hillyard, SA and Pantev,
C and Sobel, D and Bloom, FE},
Title = {Modulation of early sensory processing in human auditory
cortex during auditory selective attention.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {90},
Number = {18},
Pages = {8722-8726},
Year = {1993},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8378354},
Keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation • Analysis of Variance •
Attention* • Auditory Cortex • Auditory
Perception* • Brain Mapping* • Humans •
Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Magnetics • Time
Factors • anatomy & histology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {Neuromagnetic fields were recorded from human subjects as
they listened selectively to sequences of rapidly presented
tones in one ear while ignoring tones of a different pitch
in the opposite ear. Tones in the attended ear evoked larger
magnetic brain responses than did unattended tones in the
latency ranges 20-50 msec and 80-130 msec poststimulus.
Source localization techniques in conjunction with magnetic
resonance imaging placed the neural generators of these
early attention-sensitive brain responses in auditory cortex
on the supratemporal plane. These data demonstrate that
focused auditory attention in humans can selectively
modulate sensory processing in auditory cortex beginning as
early as 20 msec poststimulus, thereby providing strong
evidence for an "early selection" mechanism of auditory
attention that can regulate auditory input at or before the
initial stages of cortical analysis.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.90.18.8722},
Key = {fds277465}
}
@article{fds277530,
Author = {Weissman, DH and Warner, LM and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Momentary reductions of attention permit greater processing
of irrelevant stimuli.},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {48},
Number = {3},
Pages = {609-615},
Year = {2009},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1095-9572},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19596451},
Keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation • Adult • Attention •
Auditory Perception • Brain • Brain Mapping •
Female • Gyrus Cinguli • Humans • Magnetic
Resonance Imaging • Male • Neuropsychological
Tests • Photic Stimulation • Reaction Time •
Task Performance and Analysis • Visual Perception
• Young Adult • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {Momentary reductions of attention can have extremely adverse
outcomes, but it remains unclear whether increased
distraction from irrelevant stimuli contributes to such
outcomes. To investigate this hypothesis, we examined
trial-by-trial relationships between brain activity and
response time in twenty healthy adults while they performed
a cross-modal selective attention task. In each trial,
participants identified a relevant visual letter while
ignoring an irrelevant auditory letter, which was mapped
either to the same response as the visual letter (congruent
trials) or to a different response (incongruent trials). As
predicted, reductions of attention (i.e., increases of
response time) were associated not only with decreased
activity in sensory regions that processed the relevant
visual stimuli, suggesting a failure to enhance the
processing of those stimuli, but also with increased
activity in sensory regions that processed the irrelevant
auditory stimuli, suggesting a failure to suppress the
processing of those stimuli. Reductions of attention were
also linked to larger increases of activity in incongruent
than in congruent trials in anterior cingulate regions that
detect response conflict, suggesting that failing to
suppress the sensory processing of the irrelevant auditory
stimuli during attentional reductions allowed those stimuli
to more readily activate conflicting responses in
incongruent trials. These findings indicate that heightened
levels of distraction during momentary reductions of
attention likely stem, at least in part, from increased
processing of irrelevant stimuli.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.081},
Key = {fds277530}
}
@article{fds277519,
Author = {Zimmer, U and Roberts, KC and Harshbarger, TB and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Multisensory conflict modulates the spread of visual
attention across a multisensory object.},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {52},
Number = {2},
Pages = {606-616},
Year = {2010},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {1095-9572},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20420924},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Attention • Auditory
Cortex • Auditory Perception • Brain • Female
• Functional Laterality • Gyrus Cinguli •
Humans • Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Male •
Neuropsychological Tests • Psychophysics • Visual
Cortex • Visual Perception • Young Adult •
physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {Spatial attention to a visual stimulus that occurs
synchronously with a task-irrelevant sound from a different
location can lead to increased activity not only in the
visual cortex, but also the auditory cortex, apparently
reflecting the object-related spreading of attention across
both space and modality (Busse et al., 2005). The processing
of stimulus conflict, including multisensory stimulus
conflict, is known to activate the anterior cingulate cortex
(ACC), but the interactive influence on the sensory cortices
remains relatively unexamined. Here we used fMRI to examine
whether the multisensory spread of visual attention across
the sensory cortices previously observed will be modulated
by whether there is conceptual or object-related conflict
between the relevant visual and irrelevant auditory inputs.
Subjects visually attended to one of two lateralized visual
letter-streams while synchronously occurring,
task-irrelevant, letter sounds were presented centrally,
which could be either congruent or incongruent with the
visual letters. We observed significant enhancements for
incongruent versus congruent letter-sound combinations in
the ACC and in the contralateral visual cortex when the
visual component was attended, presumably reflecting the
conflict detection and the need for boosted attention to the
visual stimulus during incongruent trials. In the auditory
cortices, activity increased bilaterally if the spatially
discordant auditory stimulation was incongruent, but only in
the left, language-dominant side when congruent. We conclude
that a conflicting incongruent sound, even when
task-irrelevant, distracts more strongly than a congruent
one, leading to greater capture of attention. This greater
capture of attention in turn results in increased activity
in the auditory cortex.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.04.245},
Key = {fds277519}
}
@article{fds277549,
Author = {Senkowski, D and Talsma, D and Herrmann, CS and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Multisensory processing and oscillatory gamma responses:
effects of spatial selective attention.},
Journal = {Experimental Brain Research},
Volume = {166},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {411-426},
Year = {2005},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0014-4819},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16151775},
Keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation • Adult • Attention •
Brain Mapping • Electroencephalography* •
Electrophysiology • Evoked Potentials • Female
• Functional Laterality • Humans • Male
• Mental Processes • Photic Stimulation •
Reaction Time • Space Perception • physiology
• physiology*},
Abstract = {Here we describe an EEG study investigating the interactions
between multisensory (audio-visual) integration and spatial
attention, using oscillatory gamma-band responses (GBRs).
The results include a comparison with previously reported
event-related potential (ERP) findings from the same
paradigm. Unisensory-auditory (A), unisensory-visual (V),
and multisensory (AV) stimuli were presented to the left and
right hemispaces while subjects attended to a designated
side to detect deviant target stimuli in either sensory
modality. For attended multisensory stimuli we observed
larger evoked GBRs approximately 40-50 ms post-stimulus over
medial-frontal brain areas compared with those same
multisensory stimuli when unattended. Further analysis
indicated that the integration effect and its attentional
enhancement may be caused in part by a stimulus-triggered
phase resetting of ongoing gamma-band responses.
Interestingly, no such early interaction effects (<90 ms)
could be found in the ERP waveforms, suggesting that
oscillatory GBRs may be more sensitive than ERPs to these
early latency attention effects. Moreover, no GBR attention
effects could be found for the unisensory auditory or
unisensory visual stimuli, suggesting that attention
particularly affects the integrative processing of
audiovisual stimuli at these early latencies.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1007/s00221-005-2381-z},
Key = {fds277549}
}
@article{fds323729,
Author = {McKay, CC and van den Berg, B and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Neural cascade of conflict processing: Not just
time-on-task.},
Journal = {Neuropsychologia},
Volume = {96},
Pages = {184-191},
Year = {2017},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.12.022},
Abstract = {In visual conflict tasks (e.g., Stroop or flanker), response
times (RTs) are generally longer on incongruent trials
relative to congruent ones. Two event-related-potential
(ERP) components classically associated with the processing
of stimulus conflict are the fronto-central,
incongruency-related negativity (Ninc) and the posterior
late-positive complex (LPC), which are derived from the ERP
difference waves for incongruent minus congruent trials. It
has been questioned, however, whether these effects, or
other neural measures of incongruency (e.g., fMRI responses
in the anterior cingulate), reflect true conflict
processing, or whether such effects derive mainly from
differential time-on-task. To address this question, we
leveraged high-temporal-resolution ERP measures of brain
activity during two behavioral tasks. The first task, a
modified Erikson flanker paradigm (with congruent and
incongruent trials), was used to evoke the classic RT and
ERP effects associated with conflict. The second was a
non-conflict control task in which, participants visually
discriminated a single stimulus (with easy and hard
discrimination conditions). Behaviorally, the parameters
were titrated to yield similar RT effects of conflict and
difficulty (27ms). Neurally, both within-task contrasts
showed an initial fronto-central negative-polarity wave
(N2-latency effect), but they then diverged. In the
difficulty difference wave, the initial negativity led
directly into the posterior LPC, whereas in the incongruency
contrast the initial negativity was followed a by a second
fronto-central negative peak (Ninc), which was then followed
by a considerably longer-latency LPC. These results provide
clear evidence that the longer processing for incongruent
stimulus inputs do not just reflect time-on-task or
difficulty, but include a true conflict-processing
component.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.12.022},
Key = {fds323729}
}
@article{fds343760,
Author = {Whitehead, PS and Ooi, MM and Egner, T and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Neural Dynamics of Cognitive Control over Working Memory
Capture of Attention.},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {31},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1079-1090},
Year = {2019},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01409},
Abstract = {The contents of working memory (WM) guide visual attention
toward matching features, with visual search being faster
when the target and a feature of an item held in WM
spatially overlap (validly cued) than when they occur at
different locations (invalidly cued). Recent behavioral
studies have indicated that attentional capture by WM
content can be modulated by cognitive control: When WM cues
are reliably helpful to visual search (predictably valid),
capture is enhanced, but when reliably detrimental
(predictably invalid), capture is attenuated. The neural
mechanisms underlying this effect are not well understood,
however. Here, we leveraged the high temporal resolution of
ERPs time-locked to the onset of the search display to
determine how and at what processing stage cognitive control
modulates the search process. We manipulated predictability
by grouping trials into unpredictable (50% valid/invalid)
and predictable (100% valid, 100% invalid) blocks.
Behavioral results confirmed that predictability modulated
WM-related capture. Comparison of ERPs to the search arrays
showed that the N2pc, a posteriorly distributed signature of
initial attentional orienting toward a lateralized target,
was not impacted by target validity predictability. However,
a longer latency, more anterior, lateralized effect-here,
termed the "contralateral attention-related negativity"-was
reduced under predictable conditions. This reduction
interacted with validity, with substantially greater
reduction for invalid than valid trials. These data suggest
cognitive control over attentional capture by WM content
does not affect the initial attentional-orienting process
but can reduce the need to marshal later control mechanisms
for processing relevant items in the visual
world.},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_01409},
Key = {fds343760}
}
@article{fds359254,
Author = {Vo, KD and Siqi-Liu, A and Chaire, A and Li, S and Demeter, E and Egner, T and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Neural Dynamics of Conflict Control in Working
Memory.},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {33},
Number = {10},
Pages = {2079-2092},
Year = {2021},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01744},
Abstract = {Attention and working memory (WM) have classically been
considered as two separate cognitive functions, but more
recent theories have conceptualized them as operating on
shared representations and being distinguished primarily by
whether attention is directed internally (WM) or externally
(attention, traditionally defined). Supporting this idea, a
recent behavioral study documented a "WM Stroop effect,"
showing that maintaining a color word in WM impacts
perceptual color-naming performance to the same degree as
presenting the color word externally in the classic Stroop
task. Here, we employed ERPs to examine the neural processes
underlying this WM Stroop task compared to those in the
classic Stroop and in a WM-control task. Based on the
assumption that holding a color word in WM would
(pre-)activate the same color representation as by
externally presenting that color word, we hypothesized that
the neural cascade of conflict-control processes would occur
more rapidly in the WM Stroop than in the classic Stroop
task. Our behavioral results replicated equivalent
interference behavioral effects for the WM and classic
Stroop tasks. Importantly, however, the ERP signatures of
conflict detection and resolution displayed substantially
shorter latencies in the WM Stroop task. Moreover,
delay-period conflict in the WM Stroop task, but not in the
WM control task, impacted the ERP and performance measures
for the WM probe stimuli. Together, these findings provide
new insights into how the brain processes conflict between
internal representations and external stimuli, and they
support the view of shared representations between
internally held WM content and attentional processing of
external stimuli.},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_01744},
Key = {fds359254}
}
@article{fds361967,
Author = {Siqi-Liu, A and Egner, T and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Neural Dynamics of Context-sensitive Adjustments in
Cognitive Flexibility.},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {34},
Number = {3},
Pages = {480-494},
Year = {2022},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01813},
Abstract = {To adaptively interact with the uncertainties of daily life,
we must match our level of cognitive flexibility to
situations that place different demands on our ability to
focus on the current task while remaining sensitive to cues
that signal other, more urgent tasks. Such
cognitive-flexibility adjustments in response to changing
contextual demands (metaflexibility) have been observed in
cued task-switching paradigms, where the performance cost
incurred by switching versus repeating tasks (switch cost)
scales inversely with the proportion of switches (PS) within
a block of trials. However, the neural underpinnings of
these adjustments in cognitive flexibility are not well
understood. Here, we recorded 64-channel EEG measures of
electrical brain activity as participants switched between
letter and digit categorization tasks in varying PS
contexts, from which we extracted ERPs elicited by the task
cue and EEG alpha-power differences during both the
cue-to-target interval and the resting precue period. The
temporal resolution of EEG/ERPs allowed us to test whether
contextual adjustments in cognitive flexibility are mediated
by tonic changes in processing mode, or by changes in
phasic, task-cue-triggered processes. We observed reliable
modulation of behavioral switch cost by PS context that were
mirrored in both cue-evoked ERP and time-frequency effects,
but not in blockwide precue EEG changes. These results
indicate that different levels of cognitive flexibility are
instantiated in response to the presentation of task cues,
rather than by being maintained as a tonic neural-activity
state difference between low- and high-switch
contexts.},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_01813},
Key = {fds361967}
}
@article{fds277476,
Author = {Giesbrecht, B and Woldorff, MG and Song, AW and Mangun,
GR},
Title = {Neural mechanisms of top-down control during spatial and
feature attention.},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {19},
Number = {3},
Pages = {496-512},
Year = {2003},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1053-8119},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12880783},
Keywords = {Adult • Attention • Color Perception • Cues
• Echo-Planar Imaging • Electrooculography •
Eye Movements • Female • Form Perception •
Frontal Lobe • Humans • Image Processing,
Computer-Assisted • Male • Nerve Net •
Parietal Lobe • Space Perception • anatomy &
histology • physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {Theories of visual selective attention posit that both
spatial location and nonspatial stimulus features (e.g.,
color) are elementary dimensions on which top-down
attentional control mechanisms can selectively influence
visual processing. Neuropsychological and neuroimaging
studies have demonstrated that regions of superior frontal
and parietal cortex are critically involved in the control
of visual-spatial attention. This frontoparietal control
network has also been found to be activated when attention
is oriented to nonspatial stimulus features (e.g., motion).
To test the generality of the frontoparietal network in
attentional control, we directly compared spatial and
nonspatial attention in a cuing paradigm. Event-related fMRI
methods permitted the isolation of attentional control
activity during orienting to a location or to a nonspatial
stimulus feature (color). Portions of the frontoparietal
network were commonly activated to the spatial and
nonspatial cues. However, direct statistical comparisons of
cue-related activity revealed subregions of the
frontoparietal network that were significantly more active
during spatial than nonspatial orienting when all other
stimulus, task, and attentional factors were equated. No
regions of the frontal-parietal network were more active for
nonspatial cues in comparison to spatial cues. These
findings support models suggesting that subregions of the
frontal-parietal network are highly specific for controlling
spatial selective attention.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00162-9},
Key = {fds277476}
}
@article{fds328360,
Author = {Giattino, CM and Alam, ZM and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Neural processes underlying the orienting of attention
without awareness.},
Journal = {Cortex},
Volume = {102},
Pages = {14-25},
Year = {2018},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2017.07.010},
Abstract = {Despite long being of interest to both philosophers and
scientists, the relationship between attention and
perceptual awareness is not well understood, especially to
what extent they are even dissociable. Previous studies have
shown that stimuli of which we are unaware can orient
spatial attention and affect behavior. Yet, relatively
little is understood about the neural processes underlying
such unconscious orienting of attention, and how they
compare to conscious orienting. To directly compare the
cascade of attentional processes with and without awareness
of the orienting stimulus, we employed a spatial-cueing
paradigm and used object-substitution masking to manipulate
subjects' awareness of the cues. We recorded EEG during the
task, from which we extracted hallmark event-related-potential
(ERP) indices of attention. Behaviorally, there was a 61 ms
validity effect (invalidly minus validly cued target RTs) on
cue-aware trials. On cue-unaware trials, subjects also had a
robust validity effect of 20 ms, despite being unaware of
the cue. An N2pc to the cue, a hallmark ERP index of the
lateralized orienting of attention, was observed for
cue-aware but not cue-unaware trials, despite the latter
showing a clear behavioral validity effect. Finally, the P1
sensory-ERP response to the targets was larger when validly
versus invalidly cued, even when subjects were unaware of
the preceding cue, demonstrating enhanced sensory processing
of targets following subliminal cues. These results suggest
that subliminal stimuli can orient attention and lead to
subsequent enhancements to both stimulus sensory processing
and behavior, but through different neural mechanisms (such
as via a subcortical pathway) than stimuli we
perceive.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cortex.2017.07.010},
Key = {fds328360}
}
@article{UNKNOWN,
Author = {Harris, JA and Ku, S and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Neural processing stages during object-substitution masking
and their relationship to perceptual awareness.},
Journal = {Neuropsychologia},
Volume = {51},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1907-1917},
Year = {2013},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23751171},
Abstract = {The extent of visual perceptual processing that occurs in
the absence of awareness is as yet unclear. Here we examined
event-related-potential (ERP) indices of visual and
cognitive processes as awareness was manipulated through
object-substitution masking (OSM), an awareness-disrupting
effect that has been hypothesized to result from the
disruption of reentrant signaling to low-level visual
cortical areas. In OSM, a visual stimulus array is briefly
presented that includes a parafoveal visual target denoted
by a cue, typically consisting of several surrounding dots.
When the offset of the target-surrounding cue dots is
delayed relative to the rest of the array, a striking
reduction in the perception of the target image surrounded
by the dots is observed. Using faces and houses as the
target stimuli, we found that successful OSM reduced or
eliminated all the measured electrophysiological indices of
visual processing stages after 130ms post-stimulus. More
specifically, when targets were missed within the masked
condition (i.e., on trials with effective OSM that disrupted
awareness), we observed fully intact early feed-forward
processing up through the visual extrastriate P1 ERP
component peaking at 100ms, followed by reduced low-level
activity over the occipital pole 130-170ms post-stimulus,
reduced ERP indices of lateralized shifts of attention
toward the parafoveal target, reduced object-generic visual
processing, abolished object-category-specific
(face-specific) processing, and reduced late visual
short-term-memory processing activity. The results provide a
comprehensive electrophysiological account of the
neurocognitive underpinnings of effective OSM of
visual-object images, including evidence for central roles
of early reentrant signal disruption and insufficient visual
attentional deployment.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.05.023},
Key = {UNKNOWN}
}
@article{fds277454,
Author = {Lemen, LC and Woldorff, MG and Seabolt, M and Gao, JH and Fox,
PT},
Title = {Neuronal stability in prolonged visual stimulation},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {5},
Number = {4 PART II},
Pages = {S37},
Year = {1997},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds277454}
}
@article{fds368085,
Author = {Pinhas, M and Paulsen, DJ and Woldorff, MG and Brannon,
EM},
Title = {Neurophysiological signatures of approximate number system
acuity in preschoolers.},
Journal = {Trends in Neuroscience and Education},
Volume = {30},
Pages = {100197},
Year = {2023},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tine.2022.100197},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: A hallmark of the approximate number system
(ANS) is ratio dependence. Previous work identified specific
event-related potentials (ERPs) that are modulated by
numerical ratio throughout the lifespan. In adults, ERP
ratio dependence was correlated with the precision of the
numerical judgments with individuals who make more precise
judgments showing larger ratio-dependent ERP effects. The
current study evaluated if this relationship generalizes to
preschoolers. METHOD: ERPs were recorded from 56 4.5 to
5.5-year-olds while they compared the numerosity of two
sequentially presented dot arrays. Nonverbal numerical
precision, often called ANS acuity, was assessed using a
similar behavioral task. RESULTS: Only children with high
ANS acuity exhibited a P2p ratio-dependent effect onsetting
∼250 ms after the presentation of the comparison dot
array. Furthermore, P2p amplitude positively correlated with
ANS acuity across tasks. CONCLUSION: Results demonstrate
developmental continuity between preschool years and
adulthood in the neural basis of the ANS.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tine.2022.100197},
Key = {fds368085}
}
@article{fds277441,
Author = {Temerin, M and Woldorff, M and Mozer, FS},
Title = {Nonlinear steepening of the electrostatic ion cyclotron
wave},
Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
Volume = {43},
Number = {26},
Pages = {1941-1943},
Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
Year = {1979},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0031-9007},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.43.1941},
Abstract = {Electrostatic ion cyclotron waves observed in space at
altitudes between 5000 and 8000 km often have a sinusoidal
form. Occasionally, however, wave forms having a spiky or
sawtooth form indicative of steepening are observed. The
nonlinear fluid equations which characterize the
electrostatic ion cyclotron wave have traveling-wave
solutions with sinusoidal, spiky, and sawtooth forms. The
wave form depends on the amplitude and phase velocity of the
wave. © 1979 The American Physical Society.},
Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.43.1941},
Key = {fds277441}
}
@article{fds336101,
Author = {DeWind, NK and Park, J and Woldorff, MG and Brannon,
EM},
Title = {Numerical encoding in early visual cortex.},
Journal = {Cortex},
Volume = {114},
Pages = {76-89},
Year = {2019},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2018.03.027},
Abstract = {The ability to estimate numerosity in a visual array arose
early in evolution, develops early in human development, and
is correlated with mathematical ability. Previous work with
visually presented arrays indicates that the intraparietal
sulcus (IPS) represents number. However, it is not clear if
the number signal originates in IPS or is propagated from
earlier visual areas. Previous work from our group has
demonstrated a rapidly instantiated representation of number
in low-level regions of visual cortex using the high
temporal resolution of event-related electro-encephalography
(EEG). Here, we use a rapid event-related functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm and find
convergent evidence for a number signal in low-level visual
cortex (areas V1, V2, and V3). Employing a stringent set of
stimulus controls, we demonstrate that this signal cannot be
explained by the total extent of the array, the density of
the items in the array, the aggregate visual area of the
items, the size of individual items, the proportion of the
array covered by items, nor the overall scale of the array
and items. Our findings thus provide strong support for the
hypothesis that number is rapidly and directly encoded early
in the visual processing stream.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cortex.2018.03.027},
Key = {fds336101}
}
@article{fds327558,
Author = {Fornaciai, M and Brannon, EM and Woldorff, MG and Park,
J},
Title = {Numerosity processing in early visual cortex.},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {157},
Pages = {429-438},
Year = {2017},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.05.069},
Abstract = {While parietal cortex is thought to be critical for
representing numerical magnitudes, we recently reported an
event-related potential (ERP) study demonstrating selective
neural sensitivity to numerosity over midline occipital
sites very early in the time course, suggesting the
involvement of early visual cortex in numerosity processing.
However, which specific brain area underlies such early
activation is not known. Here, we tested whether
numerosity-sensitive neural signatures arise specifically
from the initial stages of visual cortex, aiming to localize
the generator of these signals by taking advantage of the
distinctive folding pattern of early occipital cortices
around the calcarine sulcus, which predicts an inversion of
polarity of ERPs arising from these areas when stimuli are
presented in the upper versus lower visual field. Dot
arrays, including 8-32dots constructed systematically across
various numerical and non-numerical visual attributes, were
presented randomly in either the upper or lower visual
hemifields. Our results show that neural responses at about
90ms post-stimulus were robustly sensitive to numerosity.
Moreover, the peculiar pattern of polarity inversion of
numerosity-sensitive activity at this stage suggested its
generation primarily in V2 and V3. In contrast,
numerosity-sensitive ERP activity at occipito-parietal
channels later in the time course (210-230ms) did not show
polarity inversion, indicating a subsequent processing stage
in the dorsal stream. Overall, these results demonstrate
that numerosity processing begins in one of the earliest
stages of the cortical visual stream.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.05.069},
Key = {fds327558}
}
@article{fds277428,
Author = {Harris, JA and Barack, DL and McMahon, AR and Mitroff, SR and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Object-Category Processing, Perceptual Awareness, and the
Role of Attention during Motion-Induced Blindness},
Pages = {97-106},
Publisher = {Elsevier},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-398451-7.00008-7},
Abstract = {Perceptual information represented in the brain, whether a
viewer is aware of it or not, holds the potential to
influence subsequent behavior. Here we tracked a
well-established event-related-potential (ERP) measure of
visual-object-category processing, the face-specific
ventrolateral-occipital N170 response, across conditions of
perceptual awareness. To manipulate perceptual awareness, we
employed the motion-induced-blindness (MIB) paradigm, in
which covertly attended, static, visual-target stimuli that
are superimposed on a globally moving array of distractors
perceptually disappear and reappear. Subjects responded with
a button press when the target images (faces and houses)
actually physically occurred (and thus perceptually
appeared) and when they perceptually reappeared after an MIB
episode. A comparison of the face-specific N170 ERP activity
(face-vs-house responses) revealed robust face-selective ERP
activity for physically appearing images and no such
activity for perceptual reappearances following MIB
episodes, suggesting that face-specific processing had
continued uninterrupted during MIB. In addition,
electrophysiological activity preceding an actual appearance
of a target image, collapsed across face and house image
types, was compared to that preceding the perceptual
reappearance of a continuously present image (following
MIB). This comparison revealed a parietally distributed
positive-polarity response that preceded only reappearances
following MIB. Such a result suggests a possible role of
parietally mediated attentional capture by the
present-but-suppressed target in the reestablishment of
perceptual awareness at the end of an MIB episode. The
present results provide insight into the level of visual
processing that can occur in the absence of awareness, as
well as into the mechanisms underlying MIB and its influence
on perceptual awareness. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-398451-7.00008-7},
Key = {fds277428}
}
@article{fds323352,
Author = {Marini, F and Demeter, E and Roberts, KC and Chelazzi, L and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Orchestrating Proactive and Reactive Mechanisms for
Filtering Distracting Information: Brain-Behavior
Relationships Revealed by a Mixed-Design fMRI
Study.},
Journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
Volume = {36},
Number = {3},
Pages = {988-1000},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2966-15.2016},
Abstract = {Given the information overload often imparted to human
cognitive-processing systems, suppression of irrelevant and
distracting information is essential for successful
behavior. Using a hybrid block/event-related fMRI design, we
characterized proactive and reactive brain mechanisms for
filtering distracting stimuli. Participants performed a
flanker task, discriminating the direction of a target arrow
in the presence versus absence of congruent or incongruent
flanking distracting arrows during either Pure blocks
(distracters always absent) or Mixed blocks (distracters on
80% of trials). Each Mixed block had either 20% or 60%
incongruent trials. Activations in the dorsal frontoparietal
attention network during Mixed versus Pure blocks evidenced
proactive (blockwise) recruitment of a distraction-filtering
mechanism. Sustained activations in right middle frontal
gyrus during 60% Incongruent blocks correlated positively
with behavioral indices of distraction-filtering (slowing
when distracters might occur) and negatively with
distraction-related behavioral costs (incongruent vs
congruent trials), suggesting a role in coordinating
proactive filtering of potential distracters. Event-related
analyses showed that incongruent trials elicited greater
reactive activations in 20% (vs 60%) Incongruent blocks for
counteracting distraction and conflict, including in the
insula and anterior cingulate. Context-related effects in
occipitoparietal cortex consisted of greater target-evoked
activations for distracter-absent trials
(central-target-only) in Mixed versus Pure blocks,
suggesting enhanced attentional engagement.
Functional-localizer analyses in V1/V2/V3 revealed less
distracter-processing activity in 60% (vs 20%) Incongruent
blocks, presumably reflecting tonic suppression by proactive
filtering mechanisms. These results delineate brain
mechanisms underlying proactive and reactive filtering of
distraction and conflict, and how they are orchestrated
depending on distraction probability, thereby aiding task
performance. Significance statement: Irrelevant stimuli
distract people and impair their attentional performance.
Here, we studied how the brain deals with distracting
stimuli using a hybrid block/event-related fMRI design and a
task that varied the probability of the occurrence of such
distracting stimuli. The results suggest that when
distraction is likely, a region in right frontal cortex
proactively implements attentional control mechanisms to
help filter out any distracting stimuli that might occur. In
contrast, when distracting input occurs infrequently, this
region is more reactively engaged to help limit the negative
consequences of the distracters on behavioral performance.
Our results thus help illuminate how the brain flexibly
responds under differing attentional demands to engender
effective behavior.},
Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2966-15.2016},
Key = {fds323352}
}
@article{Cabeza2011,
Author = {Cabeza, R. and Mazuz, Y. S. and Stokes, J. and Kragel, J. E. and Woldorff, M. G. and Ciaramelli, E. and Olson, I. R. and Moscovitch, M.},
Title = {Overlapping parietal activity in memory and perception:
evidence for the attention to memory model},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {23},
Number = {11},
Pages = {3209--17},
Address = {Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. cabeza@duke.edu},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21568633},
Keywords = {Adult • Attention/*physiology • Brain Mapping
• Female • Humans • Image Processing,
Computer-Assisted • Linear Models • Magnetic
Resonance Imaging • Male • Mental
Recall/*physiology • Neural Pathways/blood supply
• *Orientation/physiology • Oxygen/blood •
Paired-Associate Learning/physiology • Parietal
Lobe/blood supply/*physiology • Photic Stimulation
• Reaction Time/physiology • Visual
Perception/*physiology • Vocabulary • Young
Adult},
Abstract = {The specific role of different parietal regions to episodic
retrieval is a topic of intense debate. According to the
Attention to Memory (AtoM) model, dorsal parietal cortex
(DPC) mediates top-down attention processes guided by
retrieval goals, whereas ventral parietal cortex (VPC)
mediates bottom-up attention processes captured by the
retrieval output or the retrieval cue. This model also
hypothesizes that the attentional functions of DPC and VPC
are similar for memory and perception. To investigate this
last hypothesis, we scanned participants with event-related
fMRI whereas they performed memory and perception tasks,
each comprising an orienting phase (top-down attention) and
a detection phase (bottom-up attention). The study yielded
two main findings. First, consistent with the AtoM model,
orienting-related activity for memory and perception
overlapped in DPC, whereas detection-related activity for
memory and perception overlapped in VPC. The DPC overlap was
greater in the left intraparietal sulcus, and the VPC
overlap in the left TPJ. Around overlapping areas, there
were differences in the spatial distribution of memory and
perception activations, which were consistent with trends
reported in the literature. Second, both DPC and VPC showed
stronger connectivity with medial-temporal lobe during the
memory task and with visual cortex during the perception
task. These findings suggest that, during memory tasks, some
parietal regions mediate similar attentional control
processes to those involved in perception tasks (orienting
in DPC vs. detection in VPC), although on different types of
information (mnemonic vs. sensory).},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00065},
Key = {Cabeza2011}
}
@article{fds277502,
Author = {Cabeza, R and Mazuz, YS and Stokes, J and Kragel, JE and Woldorff, MG and Ciaramelli, E and Olson, IR and Moscovitch, M},
Title = {Overlapping parietal activity in memory and perception:
evidence for the attention to memory model.},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {23},
Number = {11},
Pages = {3209-3217},
Year = {2011},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1530-8898},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21568633},
Keywords = {Adult • Attention • Brain Mapping • Female
• Humans • Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
• Linear Models • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Male • Mental Recall • Neural Pathways
• Orientation* • Oxygen • Paired-Associate
Learning • Parietal Lobe • Photic Stimulation
• Reaction Time • Visual Perception •
Vocabulary • Young Adult • blood • blood
supply • physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {The specific role of different parietal regions to episodic
retrieval is a topic of intense debate. According to the
Attention to Memory (AtoM) model, dorsal parietal cortex
(DPC) mediates top-down attention processes guided by
retrieval goals, whereas ventral parietal cortex (VPC)
mediates bottom-up attention processes captured by the
retrieval output or the retrieval cue. This model also
hypothesizes that the attentional functions of DPC and VPC
are similar for memory and perception. To investigate this
last hypothesis, we scanned participants with event-related
fMRI whereas they performed memory and perception tasks,
each comprising an orienting phase (top-down attention) and
a detection phase (bottom-up attention). The study yielded
two main findings. First, consistent with the AtoM model,
orienting-related activity for memory and perception
overlapped in DPC, whereas detection-related activity for
memory and perception overlapped in VPC. The DPC overlap was
greater in the left intraparietal sulcus, and the VPC
overlap in the left TPJ. Around overlapping areas, there
were differences in the spatial distribution of memory and
perception activations, which were consistent with trends
reported in the literature. Second, both DPC and VPC showed
stronger connectivity with medial-temporal lobe during the
memory task and with visual cortex during the perception
task. These findings suggest that, during memory tasks, some
parietal regions mediate similar attentional control
processes to those involved in perception tasks (orienting
in DPC vs. detection in VPC), although on different types of
information (mnemonic vs. sensory).},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00065},
Key = {fds277502}
}
@article{Libertus2011,
Author = {Libertus, ME and Brannon, EM and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Parallels in stimulus-driven oscillatory brain responses to
numerosity changes in adults and seven-month-old
infants.},
Journal = {Dev Neuropsychol},
Volume = {36},
Number = {6},
Pages = {651-667},
Address = {Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
melissa.libertus@jhu.edu},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21761991},
Keywords = {Adult • Biological Markers • Brain/*physiology
• Brain Mapping • Electroencephalography •
Female • Functional Neuroimaging/psychology •
Humans • Infant • Linear Models • Male •
*Mathematical Concepts • Visual Perception/physiology},
Abstract = {Previous studies provide indirect evidence for an
ontogenetically continuous Approximate-Number System. We
employed a rapid steady-state visual-presentation paradigm
combined with electroencephalography to measure
stimulus-driven neural oscillatory responses to numerosities
in infants and adults. Steady-state repetition of the same
numerosity across a 2.4-sec time block yielded an increase
in the stimulus-locked neural entrainment in both groups.
Entrainment changes following a numerosity switch varied by
the ratio of the numerosities, consistent with Weber's Law.
These similarities thus provide direct evidence for an
ontogenetically continuous Approximate-Number System.
Moreover, the degree of neural entrainment significantly
predicted infants' number discrimination measured
behaviorally two months later.},
Doi = {10.1080/87565641.2010.549883},
Key = {Libertus2011}
}
@article{fds359253,
Author = {Browndyke, JN and Wright, MC and Yang, R and Syed, A and Park, J and Hall,
A and Martucci, K and Devinney, MJ and Shaw, L and Waligorska, T and Moretti, EW and Whitson, HE and Cohen, HJ and Mathew, JP and Berger, M and MADCO-PC Investigators},
Title = {Perioperative neurocognitive and functional neuroimaging
trajectories in older APOE4 carriers compared with
non-carriers: secondary analysis of a prospective cohort
study.},
Journal = {Bja: British Journal of Anaesthesia},
Volume = {127},
Number = {6},
Pages = {917-928},
Year = {2021},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2021.08.012},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cognitive dysfunction after surgery is a major
issue in older adults. Here, we determined the effect of
APOE4 on perioperative neurocognitive function in older
patients. METHODS: We enrolled 140 English-speaking patients
≥60 yr old scheduled for noncardiac surgery under general
anaesthesia in an observational cohort study, of whom 52
underwent neuroimaging. We measured cognition; Aβ, tau,
p-tau levels in CSF; and resting-state intrinsic functional
connectivity in six Alzheimer's disease-risk regions before
and 6 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: There were no
significant APOE4-related differences in cognition or CSF
biomarkers, except APOE4 carriers had lower CSF Aβ levels
than non-carriers (preoperative median CSF Aβ [median
absolute deviation], APOE4 305 pg ml-1 [65] vs 378 pg ml-1
[38], respectively; P=0.001). Controlling for age, APOE4
carriers had significantly greater preoperative functional
connectivity than non-carriers between several brain regions
implicated in Alzheimer's disease, including between the
left posterior cingulate cortex and left angular gyrus (β
[95% confidence interval, CI], 0.218 [0.137-0.230];
PFWE=0.016). APOE4 carriers, but not non-carriers,
experienced significant connectivity decreases from before
to 6 weeks after surgery between several brain regions
including between the left posterior cingulate cortex and
left angular gyrus (β [95% CI], -0.196 [-0.256 to -0.136];
PFWE=0.001). Most preoperative and postoperative functional
connectivity differences did not change after controlling
for preoperative CSF Aβ levels. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative
change trajectories for cognition and CSF Aβ, tau or p-tau
levels did not differ between community dwelling older APOE4
carriers and non-carriers. APOE4 carriers showed greater
preoperative functional connectivity and greater
postoperative decreases in functional connectivity in key
Alzheimer's disease-risk regions, which occur via
Aβ-independent mechanisms.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.bja.2021.08.012},
Key = {fds359253}
}
@article{fds349926,
Author = {Bachman, MD and Wang, L and Gamble, ML and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Physical Salience and Value-Driven Salience Operate through
Different Neural Mechanisms to Enhance Attentional
Selection.},
Journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
Volume = {40},
Number = {28},
Pages = {5455-5464},
Year = {2020},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1198-19.2020},
Abstract = {Previous studies have indicated that both increased physical
salience and increased reward-value salience of a target
improve behavioral measures of attentional selection. It is
unclear, however, whether these two forms of salience
interact with attentional networks through similar or
different neural mechanisms, and what such differences might
be. We examined this question by separately manipulating
both the value-driven and physical salience of targets in a
visual search task while recording response times (RTs) and
event-related potentials, focusing on the
attentional-orienting-sensitive N2pc event-related potential
component. Human participants of both sexes searched arrays
for targets of either a high-physical-salience color or one
of two low-physical-salience colors across three
experimental phases. The first phase ("baseline") offered no
rewards. RT and N2pc latencies were shorter for
high-physical-salience targets, indicating faster
attentional orienting. In the second phase ("equal-reward"),
a low monetary reward was given for fast correct responses
for all target types. This reward context improved overall
performance, similarly shortening RTs and enhancing N2pc
amplitudes for all target types, but with no change in N2pc
latencies. In the third phase ("selective-reward"), the
reward rate was made selectively higher for one of the two
low-physical-salience colors, resulting in their RTs
becoming as fast as the high-physical-salience targets.
Despite the equally fast RTs, the N2pc's for these
low-physical-salience, high-value targets remained later
than for high-physical-salience targets, instead eliciting
significantly larger N2pc's. These results suggest that
enhanced physical salience leads to faster attentional
orienting, but value-driven salience to stronger attentional
orienting, underscoring the utilization of different
underlying mechanisms.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Associating
relevant target stimuli with reward value can enhance their
salience, facilitating their attentional selection. This
value-driven salience improves behavioral performance,
similar to the effects of physical salience. Recent
theories, however, suggest that these forms of salience are
intrinsically different, although the neural mechanisms
underlying any such differences remain unclear. This study
addressed this issue by manipulating the physical and
value-related salience of targets in a visual search task,
comparing their effects on several attention-sensitive
neural-activity measures. Our findings show that, whereas
physical salience accelerates the speed of attentional
selection, value-driven salience selectively enhances its
strength. These findings shed new insights into the
theoretical and neural underpinnings of value-driven
salience and its effects on attention and
behavior.},
Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1198-19.2020},
Key = {fds349926}
}
@article{fds277531,
Author = {Boehler, CN and Appelbaum, LG and Krebs, RM and Hopf, JM and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Pinning down response inhibition in the brain--conjunction
analyses of the Stop-signal task.},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {52},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1621-1632},
Year = {2010},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1095-9572},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20452445},
Keywords = {Adult • Cerebral Cortex • Cognition • Cues*
• Female • Humans • Male • Movement
• Neural Inhibition • Visual Perception •
physiology*},
Abstract = {Successful behavior requires a finely-tuned interplay of
initiating and inhibiting motor programs to react
effectively to constantly changing environmental demands.
One particularly useful paradigm for investigating
inhibitory motor control is the Stop-signal task, where
already-initiated responses to Go-stimuli are to be
inhibited upon the rapid subsequent presentation of a
Stop-stimulus (yielding successful and unsuccessful
Stop-trials). Despite the extensive use of this paradigm in
functional neuroimaging, there is no consensus on which
functional comparison to use to characterize
response-inhibition-related brain activity. Here, we utilize
conjunction analyses of successful and unsuccessful
Stop-trials that are each contrasted against a reference
condition. This conjunction approach identifies processes
common to both Stop-trial types while excluding processes
specific to either, thereby capitalizing on the presence of
some response-inhibition-related activity in both
conditions. Using this approach on fMRI data from human
subjects, we identify a network of brain structures that was
linked to both types of Stop-trials, including
lateral-inferior frontal and medial frontal cortical areas
and the caudate nucleus. In addition, comparisons with a
reference condition matched for visual stimulation
identified additional activity in the right inferior
parietal cortex that may play a role in enhancing the
processing of the Stop-stimuli. Finally, differences in
stopping efficacy across subjects were associated with
variations in activity in the left anterior insula. However,
this region was also associated with general task accuracy
(which furthermore correlated directly with stopping
efficacy), suggesting that it might actually reflect a more
general mechanism of performance control that supports
response inhibition in a relatively nonspecific
way.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.04.276},
Key = {fds277531}
}
@article{fds362140,
Author = {Berger, M and Browndyke, JN and Cooter Wright and M and Nobuhara, C and Reese, M and Acker, L and Bullock, WM and Colin, BJ and Devinney, MJ and Moretti, EW and Moul, JW and Ohlendorf, B and Laskowitz, DT and Waligorska, T and Shaw, LM and Whitson, HE and Cohen, HJ and Mathew, JP and MADCO-PC Investigators},
Title = {Postoperative changes in cognition and cerebrospinal fluid
neurodegenerative disease biomarkers.},
Journal = {Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology},
Volume = {9},
Number = {2},
Pages = {155-170},
Year = {2022},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acn3.51499},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Numerous investigators have theorized that
postoperative changes in Alzheimer's disease neuropathology
may underlie postoperative neurocognitive disorders. Thus,
we determined the relationship between postoperative changes
in cognition and cerebrospinal (CSF) tau, p-tau-181p, or Aβ
levels after non-cardiac, non-neurologic surgery in older
adults. METHODS: Participants underwent cognitive testing
before and 6 weeks after surgery, and lumbar punctures
before, 24 h after, and 6 weeks after surgery. Cognitive
scores were combined via factor analysis into an overall
cognitive index. In total, 110 patients returned for 6-week
postoperative testing and were included in the analysis.
RESULTS: There was no significant change from before to
24 h or 6 weeks following surgery in CSF tau (median
[median absolute deviation] change before to 24 h: 0.00
[4.36] pg/mL, p = 0.853; change before to 6 weeks:
-1.21 [3.98] pg/mL, p = 0.827). There were also no
significant changes in CSF p-tau-181p or Aβ over this
period. There was no change in cognitive index (mean [95%
CI] 0.040 [-0.018, 0.098], p = 0.175) from before to
6 weeks after surgery, although there were postoperative
declines in verbal memory (-0.346 [-0.523, -0.170],
p = 0.003) and improvements in executive function
(0.394, [0.310, 0.479], p < 0.001). There were no
significant correlations between preoperative to 6-week
postoperative changes in cognition and CSF tau, p-tau-181p,
or Aβ42 changes over this interval (p > 0.05 for each).
INTERPRETATION: Neurocognitive changes after non-cardiac,
non-neurologic surgery in the majority of cognitively
healthy, community-dwelling older adults are unlikely to be
related to postoperative changes in AD neuropathology (as
assessed by CSF Aβ, tau or p-tau-181p levels or the
p-tau-181p/Aβ or tau/Aβ ratios). TRIAL REGISTRATION:
clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01993836).},
Doi = {10.1002/acn3.51499},
Key = {fds362140}
}
@article{fds277554,
Author = {Giesbrecht, B and Weissman, DH and Woldorff, MG and Mangun,
GR},
Title = {Pre-target activity in visual cortex predicts behavioral
performance on spatial and feature attention
tasks.},
Journal = {Brain Research},
Volume = {1080},
Number = {1},
Pages = {63-72},
Year = {2006},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0006-8993},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16412994},
Keywords = {Action Potentials • Adult • Arousal •
Attention • Brain Mapping* • Cues* • Female
• Form Perception • Humans • Magnetic
Resonance Imaging • Male • Reference Values •
Space Perception • Visual Cortex • physiology
• physiology*},
Abstract = {Physiological studies in humans and monkeys have revealed
that, in response to an instruction to attend, areas of
sensory cortex that code the attributes of the expected
stimulus exhibit increases in neural activity prior to the
arrival of the stimulus. Models of selective visual
attention posit that these increases in activity give
attended stimuli a processing advantage over distracting
stimuli. Here, we test two key predictions of this view by
using functional magnetic resonance imaging to record human
brain activity during a cued voluntary orienting task.
First, we tested whether pre-stimulus modulations are
observed during both cued spatial and cued feature
attention. Secondly, we tested whether the magnitude of
pre-stimulus modulations predicts behavioral performance.
Our results indicate that cue-triggered expectation of
targets with particular spatial or nonspatial features
activates areas of the visual cortex selective for these
features. Furthermore, the magnitude of the cue-triggered
modulations correlated with behavioral measures, such that
those subjects who exhibited relatively large pre-stimulus
modulations of activity performed better on the behavioral
task. These findings support the view that top-down control
systems bias activity in sensory cortices to favor the
processing of expected target features and that this bias is
related to behavior.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2005.09.068},
Key = {fds277554}
}
@article{fds367565,
Author = {Acker, L and Au, S and Roberts, K and Giattino, C and Moretti, E and Devinney, M and Reese, M and Cohen, HJ and Mathew, JP and Woldorff, MG and Whitson, HE and Berger, M},
Title = {Preoperative EEG Inattention Signatures and Postoperative
Delirium},
Journal = {Anesthesia and Analgesia},
Volume = {134},
Pages = {496-496},
Year = {2022},
Key = {fds367565}
}
@article{fds368554,
Author = {Krasich, K and Simmons, C and O'Neill, K and Giattino, CM and De
Brigard, F and Sinnott-Armstrong, W and Mudrik, L and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Prestimulus oscillatory brain activity interacts with evoked
recurrent processing to facilitate conscious visual
perception.},
Journal = {Scientific Reports},
Volume = {12},
Number = {1},
Pages = {22126},
Year = {2022},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25720-2},
Abstract = {We investigated whether prestimulus alpha-band oscillatory
activity and stimulus-elicited recurrent processing interact
to facilitate conscious visual perception. Participants
tried to perceive a visual stimulus that was perceptually
masked through object substitution masking (OSM). We showed
that attenuated prestimulus alpha power was associated with
greater negative-polarity stimulus-evoked ERP activity that
resembled the visual awareness negativity (VAN), previously
argued to reflect recurrent processing related to conscious
perception. This effect, however, was not associated with
better perception. Instead, when prestimulus alpha power was
elevated, a preferred prestimulus alpha phase was associated
with a greater VAN-like negativity, which was then
associated with better cue perception. Cue perception was
worse when prestimulus alpha power was elevated but the
stimulus occurred at a nonoptimal prestimulus alpha phase
and the VAN-like negativity was low. Our findings suggest
that prestimulus alpha activity at a specific phase enables
temporally selective recurrent processing that facilitates
conscious perception in OSM.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-022-25720-2},
Key = {fds368554}
}
@article{fds277528,
Author = {Appelbaum, LG and Meyerhoff, KL and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Priming and backward influences in the human brain:
processing interactions during the stroop interference
effect.},
Journal = {Cerebral Cortex},
Volume = {19},
Number = {11},
Pages = {2508-2521},
Year = {2009},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1460-2199},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19321654},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Attention • Brain •
Brain Mapping • Choice Behavior • Conflict
(Psychology)* • Contingent Negative Variation •
Female • Humans • Male • Middle Aged •
Problem Solving • Stroop Test • Young Adult •
methods* • physiology*},
Abstract = {This study investigated neural processing interactions
during Stroop interference by varying the temporal
separation of relevant and irrelevant features of congruent,
neutral, and incongruent colored-bar/color-word stimulus
components. High-density event-related potentials (ERPs) and
behavioral performance were measured as participants
reported the bar color as quickly as possible, while
ignoring the color words. The task-irrelevant color words
could appear at 1 of 5 stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs)
relative to the task-relevant bar-color occurrence: -200 or
-100 ms before, +100 or +200 ms after, or simultaneously.
Incongruent relative to congruent presentations elicited
slower reaction times and higher error rates (with neutral
in between), and ERP difference waves containing both an
early, negative-polarity, central-parietal deflection, and a
later, more left-sided, positive-polarity component. These
congruency-related differences interacted with SOA, showing
the greatest behavioral and electrophysiological effects
when irrelevant stimulus information preceded the
task-relevant target and reduced effects when the irrelevant
information followed the relevant target. We interpret these
data as reflecting 2 separate processes: 1) a 'priming
influence' that enhances the magnitude of conflict-related
facilitation and conflict-related interference when a
task-relevant target is preceded by an irrelevant
distractor; and 2) a reduced 'backward influence' of
stimulus conflict when the irrelevant distractor information
follows the task-relevant target.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhp036},
Key = {fds277528}
}
@article{fds277458,
Author = {Burock, MA and Buckner, RL and Woldorff, MG and Rosen, BR and Dale,
AM},
Title = {Randomized event-related experimental designs allow for
extremely rapid presentation rates using functional
MRI.},
Journal = {Neuroreport},
Volume = {9},
Number = {16},
Pages = {3735-3739},
Year = {1998},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0959-4965},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9858388},
Keywords = {Cerebrovascular Circulation • Cognition • Evoked
Potentials • Functional Laterality • Humans •
Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Photic Stimulation •
Reaction Time • Visual Cortex • Visual Fields
• Visual Perception • blood supply* •
methods* • physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {Previous studies have shown that hemodynamic response
overlap severely limits the maximum presentation rate with
event-related functional MRI (fMRI) using fixed intertrial
experimental designs. Here we demonstrate that the use of
randomized experimental designs can largely overcome this
limitation, thereby allowing for event-related fMRI
experiments with extremely rapid presentation rates. In the
first experiment, fMRI time courses were simulated using a
fixed intertrial interval design with intervals of 16, 3,
and 1 s, and using a randomized design having the same mean
intertrial intervals. We found that using fixed intertrial
interval designs the transient information decreased with
decreasing intertrial intervals, whereas using randomized
designs the transient information increased with decreasing
mean intertrial intervals. In a second experiment, fMRI data
were collected from two subjects using a randomized paradigm
with visual hemifield stimuli presented randomly every 500
ms. Robust event-related activation maps and hemodynamic
response estimates were obtained. These results demonstrate
the feasibility of performing event-related fMRI experiments
with rapid, randomized paradigms identical to those used in
electrophysiological and behavioral studies, thereby
expanding the applicability of event-related fMRI to a whole
new range of cognitive neurosciences questions and
paradigms.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1097/00001756-199811160-00030},
Key = {fds277458}
}
@article{fds323872,
Author = {Park, J and DeWind, NK and Woldorff, MG and Brannon,
EM},
Title = {Rapid and Direct Encoding of Numerosity in the Visual
Stream.},
Journal = {Cerebral Cortex},
Volume = {26},
Number = {2},
Pages = {748-763},
Year = {2016},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhv017},
Abstract = {Humans are endowed with an intuitive number sense that
allows us to perceive and estimate numerosity without
relying on language. It is controversial, however, as to
whether there is a neural mechanism for direct perception of
numerosity or whether numerosity is perceived indirectly via
other perceptual properties. In this study, we used a novel
regression-based analytic method, which allowed an
assessment of the unique contributions of visual properties,
including numerosity, to explain visual evoked potentials of
participants passively viewing dot arrays. We found that the
human brain is uniquely sensitive to numerosity and more
sensitive to changes in numerosity than to changes in other
visual properties, starting extremely early in the visual
stream: 75 ms over a medial occipital site and 180 ms over
bilateral occipitoparietal sites. These findings provide
strong evidence for the existence of a neural mechanism for
rapidly and directly extracting numerosity information in
the human visual pathway.},
Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhv017},
Key = {fds323872}
}
@article{UNKNOWN,
Author = {San Martín and R and Appelbaum, LG and Pearson, JM and Huettel, SA and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Rapid brain responses independently predict gain
maximization and loss minimization during economic decision
making.},
Journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
Volume = {33},
Number = {16},
Pages = {7011-7019},
Year = {2013},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23595758},
Keywords = {Adolescent Adult Brain/*physiology Cues Decision
Making/*physiology Evoked Potentials/physiology *Feedback,
Psychological Female *Gambling Games, Experimental Humans
Male Predictive Value of Tests Probability *Reward
Statistics as Topic Young Adult},
Abstract = {Success in many decision-making scenarios depends on the
ability to maximize gains and minimize losses. Even if an
agent knows which cues lead to gains and which lead to
losses, that agent could still make choices yielding
suboptimal rewards. Here, by analyzing event-related
potentials (ERPs) recorded in humans during a probabilistic
gambling task, we show that individuals' behavioral
tendencies to maximize gains and to minimize losses are
associated with their ERP responses to the receipt of those
gains and losses, respectively. We focused our analyses on
ERP signals that predict behavioral adjustment: the
frontocentral feedback-related negativity (FRN) and two P300
(P3) subcomponents, the frontocentral P3a and the parietal
P3b. We found that, across participants, gain maximization
was predicted by differences in amplitude of the P3b for
suboptimal versus optimal gains (i.e., P3b amplitude
difference between the least good and the best gains).
Conversely, loss minimization was predicted by differences
in the P3b amplitude to suboptimal versus optimal losses
(i.e., difference between the worst and the least bad
losses). Finally, we observed that the P3a and P3b, but not
the FRN, predicted behavioral adjustment on subsequent
trials, suggesting a specific adaptive mechanism by which
prior experience may alter ensuing behavior. These findings
indicate that individual differences in gain maximization
and loss minimization are linked to individual differences
in rapid neural responses to monetary outcomes.},
Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4242-12.2013},
Key = {UNKNOWN}
}
@article{fds291346,
Author = {Gamble, ML and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Rapid Context-based Identification of Target Sounds in an
Auditory Scene.},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {27},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1675-1684},
Year = {2015},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00814},
Abstract = {To make sense of our dynamic and complex auditory
environment, we must be able to parse the sensory input into
usable parts and pick out relevant sounds from all the
potentially distracting auditory information. Although it is
unclear exactly how we accomplish this difficult task,
Gamble and Woldorff [Gamble, M. L., & Woldorff, M. G. The
temporal cascade of neural processes underlying target
detection and attentional processing during auditory search.
Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y.: 1991), 2014] recently
reported an ERP study of an auditory target-search task in a
temporally and spatially distributed, rapidly presented,
auditory scene. They reported an early, differential,
bilateral activation (beginning at 60 msec) between
feature-deviating target stimuli and physically equivalent
feature-deviating nontargets, reflecting a rapid target
detection process. This was followed shortly later (at 130
msec) by the lateralized N2ac ERP activation, that reflects
the focusing of auditory spatial attention toward the target
sound and parallels the attentional-shifting processes
widely studied in vision. Here we directly examined the
early, bilateral, target-selective effect to better
understand its nature and functional role. Participants
listened to midline-presented sounds that included target
and nontarget stimuli that were randomly either embedded in
a brief rapid stream or presented alone. The results
indicate that this early bilateral effect results from a
template for the target that utilizes its feature deviancy
within a stream to enable rapid identification. Moreover,
individual-differences analysis showed that the size of this
effect was larger for participants with faster RTs. The
findings support the hypothesis that our auditory
attentional systems can implement and utilize a
context-based relational template for a target sound, making
use of additional auditory information in the environment
when needing to rapidly detect a relevant
sound.},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00814},
Key = {fds291346}
}
@article{fds277514,
Author = {Goyer, JP and Woldorff, MG and Huettel, SA},
Title = {Rapid electrophysiological brain responses are influenced by
both valence and magnitude of monetary rewards.},
Journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},
Volume = {20},
Number = {11},
Pages = {2058-2069},
Year = {2008},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18416673},
Keywords = {Adult • Brain • Brain Mapping* • Choice
Behavior • Electroencephalography • Evoked
Potentials • Female • Gambling • Humans
• Male • Models, Biological • Motivation*
• Reward* • Time Factors • Young Adult •
methods • physiology • physiology* •
psychology},
Abstract = {Abstract Negative outcomes, as identified from external
feedback, cause a short-latency negative deflection in the
event-related potential (ERP) waveform over medial frontal
electrode sites. This brain response, which has been called
an "error related negativity" (ERN) or "medial frontal
negativity" (MFN), may reflect a coarse evaluation of
performance outcomes, such as the valence of a reward within
a monetary gambling task. Yet, for feedback to lead to the
adaptive control of behavior, other information concerning
reward outcomes besides experienced valence may also be
important. Here, we used a gambling task in which subjects
chose between two options that could vary in both outcome
valence (gain or loss) and outcome magnitude (larger or
smaller). We measured changes in brain ERP responses
associated with the presentation of the outcomes. We found,
as shown in prior studies, that valence of the chosen
outcome has an early effect upon frontal ERPs, with maximal
difference observed at approximately 250 msec. However, our
results demonstrated that the early ERP responses to outcome
feedback were driven not just by valence but by the
combination of valence and magnitude for both chosen and
unchosen options. Beginning even earlier, at around 150
msec, responses to high-consequence outcomes resulted in a
greater, more centrally distributed, positive potential than
those involving low-consequence outcomes, independent of
valence. Furthermore, the amplitude of these early effects
was significantly modulated by the sequence of outcomes in
previous trials. These results indicate that early
evaluation of feedback goes beyond simple identification of
valence-it involves the consideration of multiple factors,
including outcome magnitude, context of unchosen options,
and prior history.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn.2008.20134},
Key = {fds277514}
}
@article{fds277535,
Author = {Appelbaum, LG and Smith, DV and Boehler, CN and Chen, WD and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Rapid modulation of sensory processing induced by stimulus
conflict.},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {23},
Number = {9},
Pages = {2620-2628},
Year = {2011},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1530-8898},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20849233},
Keywords = {Adult • Analysis of Variance • Brain • Brain
Mapping* • Conflict (Psychology)* •
Electroencephalography • Evoked Potentials, Visual
• Female • Functional Laterality • Humans
• Male • Photic Stimulation • Reaction Time
• Visual Pathways • Young Adult • methods
• physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {Humans are constantly confronted with environmental stimuli
that conflict with task goals and can interfere with
successful behavior. Prevailing theories propose the
existence of cognitive control mechanisms that can suppress
the processing of conflicting input and enhance that of the
relevant input. However, the temporal cascade of brain
processes invoked in response to conflicting stimuli remains
poorly understood. By examining evoked electrical brain
responses in a novel, hemifield-specific, visual-flanker
task, we demonstrate that task-irrelevant conflicting
stimulus input is quickly detected in higher level executive
regions while simultaneously inducing rapid, recurrent
modulation of sensory processing in the visual cortex.
Importantly, however, both of these effects are larger for
individuals with greater incongruency-related RT slowing.
The combination of neural activation patterns and behavioral
interference effects suggest that this initial sensory
modulation induced by conflicting stimulus inputs reflects
performance-degrading attentional distraction because of
their incompatibility rather than any rapid task-enhancing
cognitive control mechanisms. The present findings thus
provide neural evidence for a model in which attentional
distraction is the key initial trigger for the temporal
cascade of processes by which the human brain responds to
conflicting stimulus input in the environment.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn.2010.21575},
Key = {fds277535}
}
@article{UNKNOWN,
Author = {Green, JJ and Gamble, ML and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Resolving conflicting views: Gaze and arrow cues do not
trigger rapid reflexive shifts of attention.},
Journal = {Visual Cognition},
Volume = {21},
Number = {1},
Pages = {61-71},
Year = {2013},
ISSN = {1350-6285},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23626482},
Abstract = {It has become widely accepted that the direction of another
individual's eye gaze induces rapid, automatic, attentional
orienting, due to it being such a vital cue as to where in
our environment we should attend. This automatic orienting
has also been associated with the directional-arrow cues
used in studies of spatial attention. Here, we present
evidence that the response-time cueing effects reported for
spatially non-predictive gaze and arrow cues are not the
result of rapid, automatic shifts of attention. For both cue
types, response-time effects were observed only for
long-duration cue and target stimuli that overlapped
temporally, were largest when the cues were presented
simultaneously with the response-relevant target, and were
driven by a slowing of responses for invalidly cued targets
rather than speeding for validly cued ones. These results
argue against automatic attention-orienting accounts and
support a novel spatial-incongruency explanation for a whole
class of rapid behavioral cueing effects.},
Doi = {10.1080/13506285.2013.775209},
Key = {UNKNOWN}
}
@article{fds304118,
Author = {Woldorff, MG and Fox, PT and Matzke, M and Lancaster, JL and Veeraswamy,
S and Zamarripa, F and Seabolt, M and Glass, T and Gao, JH and Martin, CC and Jerabek, P},
Title = {Retinotopic organization of early visual spatial attention
effects as revealed by PET and ERPs.},
Journal = {Human Brain Mapping},
Volume = {5},
Number = {4},
Pages = {280-286},
Year = {1997},
ISSN = {1065-9471},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20408229},
Abstract = {Cerebral blood flow PET scans and high-density event-related
potentials (ERPs) were recorded (separate sessions) while
subjects viewed rapidly-presented, lower-visual-field,
bilateral stimuli. Active attention to a designated side of
the stimuli (relative to passive-viewing conditions)
resulted in an enhanced ERP positivity (P1 effect) from
80-150 msec over occipital scalp areas contralateral to the
direction of attention. In PET scans, active attention vs.
passive showed strong activation in the contralateral dorsal
occipital cortex, thus following the retinotopic
organization of the early extrastriate visual sensory areas,
with some weaker activation in the contralateral fusiform.
Dipole modeling seeded by the dorsal occipital PET foci
yielded an excellent fit for the P1 attention effect. In
contrast, dipoles constrained to the fusiform foci fit the
P1 effect poorly, and, when the location constraints were
released, moved upward to the dorsal occipital locations
during iterative dipole fitting. These results argue that
the early ERP P1 attention effects for lower-visual-field
stimuli arise mainly from these dorsal occipital areas and
thus also follow the retinotopic organization of the visual
sensory input pathways. These combined PET/ERP data
therefore provide strong evidence that sustained visual
spatial attention results in a preset, top-down biasing of
the early sensory input channels in a retinotopically
organized way.},
Doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1097-0193(1997)5:4<280::AID-HBM13>3.0.CO;2-I},
Key = {fds304118}
}
@article{UNKNOWN,
Author = {Krebs, RM and Boehler, CN and Appelbaum, LG and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Reward associations reduce behavioral interference by
changing the temporal dynamics of conflict
processing.},
Journal = {Plos One},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e53894},
Year = {2013},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23326530},
Keywords = {Adult Attention/*physiology Behavior/physiology
Brain/*physiology Brain Mapping Cognition/physiology
Conflict (Psychology) Evoked Potentials/*physiology Female
Humans Male Photic Stimulation Psychomotor
Performance/physiology Reaction Time/physiology Reward
*Stroop Test},
Abstract = {Associating stimuli with the prospect of reward typically
facilitates responses to those stimuli due to an enhancement
of attentional and cognitive-control processes. Such
reward-induced facilitation might be especially helpful when
cognitive-control mechanisms are challenged, as when one
must overcome interference from irrelevant inputs. Here, we
investigated the neural dynamics of reward effects in a
color-naming Stroop task by employing event-related
potentials (ERPs). We found that behavioral facilitation in
potential-reward trials, as compared to no-reward trials,
was paralleled by early ERP modulations likely indexing
increased attention to the reward-predictive stimulus.
Moreover, reward changed the temporal dynamics of
conflict-related ERP components, which may be a consequence
of an early access to the various stimulus features and
their relationships. Finally, although word meanings
referring to potential-reward colors were always
task-irrelevant, they caused greater interference compared
to words referring to no-reward colors, an effect that was
accompanied by a relatively early fronto-central ERP
modulation. This latter observation suggests that
task-irrelevant reward information can undermine
goal-directed behavior at an early processing stage,
presumably reflecting priming of a goal-incompatible
response. Yet, these detrimental effects of incongruent
reward-related words were absent in potential-reward trials,
apparently due to the prioritized processing of
task-relevant reward information. Taken together, the
present data demonstrate that reward associations can
influence conflict processing by changing the temporal
dynamics of stimulus processing and subsequent
cognitive-control mechanisms.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0053894},
Key = {UNKNOWN}
}
@article{fds360090,
Author = {Demeter, E and Glassberg, B and Gamble, ML and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Reward magnitude enhances early attentional processing of
auditory stimuli.},
Journal = {Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci},
Volume = {22},
Number = {2},
Pages = {268-280},
Year = {2022},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13415-021-00962-1},
Abstract = {Reward associations are known to shape the brain's
processing of visual stimuli, but relatively less is known
about how reward associations impact the processing of
auditory stimuli. We leveraged the high-temporal resolution
of electroencephalography (EEG) and event-related potentials
(ERPs) to investigate the influence of low- and
high-magnitude stimulus-reward associations in an auditory
oddball task. We associated fast, correct detection of
certain auditory target stimuli with larger monetary
rewards, and other auditory targets with smaller rewards. We
found enhanced attentional processing of the more highly
rewarded target stimuli, as evidenced by faster behavioral
detection of those stimuli compared with lower-rewarded
stimuli. Neurally, higher-reward associations enhanced the
early sensory processing of auditory targets. Targets
associated with higher-magnitude rewards had higher
amplitude N1 and mismatch negativity (MMN) ERP components
than targets associated with lower-magnitude rewards. Reward
did not impact the latency of these early components.
Higher-reward magnitude also decreased the latency and
increased the amplitude of the longer-latency P3 component,
suggesting that reward also can enhance the final processing
stages of auditory target stimuli. These results provide
insight into how the sensory and attentional neural
processing of auditory stimuli is modulated by
stimulus-reward associations and the magnitude of those
associations, with higher-magnitude reward associations
yielding enhanced auditory processing at both early and
late stages compared with lower-magnitude reward
associations.},
Doi = {10.3758/s13415-021-00962-1},
Key = {fds360090}
}
@article{fds323865,
Author = {Harris, JA and Donohue, SE and Schoenfeld, MA and Hopf, J-M and Heinze,
H-J and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Reward-associated features capture attention in the absence
of awareness: Evidence from object-substitution
masking.},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {137},
Pages = {116-123},
Year = {2016},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.010},
Abstract = {Reward-associated visual features have been shown to capture
visual attention, evidenced in faster and more accurate
behavioral performance, as well as in neural responses
reflecting lateralized shifts of visual attention to those
features. Specifically, the contralateral N2pc
event-related-potential (ERP) component that reflects
attentional shifting exhibits increased amplitude in
response to task-relevant targets containing a
reward-associated feature. In the present study, we examined
the automaticity of such reward-association effects using
object-substitution masking (OSM) in conjunction with MEG
measures of visual attentional shifts. In OSM, a
visual-search array is presented, with the target item to be
detected indicated by a surrounding mask (here, four
surrounding squares). Delaying the offset of the
target-surrounding four-dot mask relative to the offset of
the rest of the target/distracter array disrupts the
viewer's awareness of the target (masked condition), whereas
simultaneous offsets do not (unmasked condition). Here we
manipulated whether the color of the OSM target was or was
not of a previously reward-associated color. By tracking
reward-associated enhancements of behavior and the N2pc in
response to masked targets containing a previously rewarded
or unrewarded feature, the automaticity of attentional
capture by reward could be probed. We found an enhanced N2pc
response to targets containing a previously
reward-associated color feature. Moreover, this enhancement
of the N2pc by reward did not differ between masking
conditions, nor did it differ as a function of the apparent
visibility of the target within the masked condition.
Overall, these results underscore the automaticity of
attentional capture by reward-associated features, and
demonstrate the ability of feature-based reward associations
to shape attentional capture and allocation outside of
perceptual awareness.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.010},
Key = {fds323865}
}
@article{fds277425,
Author = {Marini, F and van den Berg, B and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Reward-prospect interacts with trial-by-trial preparation
for potential distraction.},
Journal = {Visual Cognition},
Volume = {23},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {313-335},
Year = {2015},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1350-6285},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2015.1023387},
Abstract = {When attending for impending visual stimuli, cognitive
systems prepare to identify relevant information while
ignoring irrelevant, potentially distracting input. Recent
work (Marini et al., 2013) showed that a supramodal
distracter-filtering mechanism is invoked in blocked designs
involving expectation of possible distracter stimuli,
although this entails a cost (distraction-filtering cost) on
speeded performance when distracters are expected but not
presented. Here we used an arrow-flanker task to study
whether an analogous cost, potentially reflecting the
recruitment of a specific distraction-filtering mechanism,
occurs dynamically when potential distraction is cued
trial-to-trial (cued distracter-expectation cost). In order
to promote the maximal utilization of cue information by
participants, in some experimental conditions the cue also
signaled the possibility of earning a monetary reward for
fast and accurate performance. This design also allowed us
to investigate the interplay between anticipation for
distracters and anticipation of reward, which is known to
engender attentional preparation. Only in reward contexts
did participants show a cued distracter-expectation cost,
which was larger with higher reward prospect and when
anticipation for both distracters and reward were
manipulated trial-to-trial. Thus, these results indicate
that reward prospect interacts with the distracter
expectation during trial-by-trial preparatory processes for
potential distraction. These findings highlight how reward
guides cue-driven attentional preparation.},
Doi = {10.1080/13506285.2015.1023387},
Key = {fds277425}
}
@article{fds277445,
Author = {Woldorff, MG and Perez, R and Barker, A and Liotti, M and Pridgen, SC and Fox, PT},
Title = {Right occipital ERP effects for non-letter character strings
relative to letter strings},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {9},
Number = {6 PART II},
Pages = {S1093},
Year = {1999},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1053-8119},
Key = {fds277445}
}
@article{fds277523,
Author = {Harris, JA and Wu, C-T and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Sandwich masking eliminates both visual awareness of faces
and face-specific brain activity through a feedforward
mechanism.},
Journal = {Journal of Vision},
Volume = {11},
Number = {7},
Year = {2011},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1534-7362},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21669859},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Awareness • Brain •
Color Perception • Electroencephalography • Evoked
Potentials • Face* • Female • Humans •
Male • Perceptual Masking • Reaction Time •
Visual Perception • Young Adult • physiology
• physiology*},
Abstract = {It is generally agreed that considerable amounts of
low-level sensory processing of visual stimuli can occur
without conscious awareness. On the other hand, the degree
of higher level visual processing that occurs in the absence
of awareness is as yet unclear. Here, event-related
potential (ERP) measures of brain activity were recorded
during a sandwich-masking paradigm, a commonly used approach
for attenuating conscious awareness of visual stimulus
content. In particular, the present study used a combination
of ERP activation contrasts to track both early
sensory-processing ERP components and face-specific N170 ERP
activations, in trials with versus without awareness. The
electrophysiological measures revealed that the sandwich
masking abolished the early face-specific N170 neural
response (peaking at ~170 ms post-stimulus), an effect that
paralleled the abolition of awareness of face versus
non-face image content. Furthermore, however, the masking
appeared to render a strong attenuation of earlier
feedforward visual sensory-processing signals. This early
attenuation presumably resulted in insufficient information
being fed into the higher level visual system pathways
specific to object category processing, thus leading to
unawareness of the visual object content. These results
support a coupling of visual awareness and neural indices of
face processing, while also demonstrating an early low-level
mechanism of interference in sandwich masking.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1167/11.7.3},
Key = {fds277523}
}
@article{fds277558,
Author = {Talsma, D and Doty, TJ and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Selective attention and audiovisual integration: is
attending to both modalities a prerequisite for early
integration?},
Journal = {Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)},
Volume = {17},
Number = {3},
Pages = {679-690},
Year = {2007},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1047-3211},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16707740},
Keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation • Adolescent • Adult •
Attention • Brain Mapping • Cognition •
Discrimination (Psychology) • Evoked Potentials,
Auditory • Evoked Potentials, Visual • Female
• Humans • Male • Photic Stimulation •
Reaction Time • Scalp • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {Interactions between multisensory integration and attention
were studied using a combined audiovisual streaming design
and a rapid serial visual presentation paradigm.
Event-related potentials (ERPs) following audiovisual
objects (AV) were compared with the sum of the ERPs
following auditory (A) and visual objects (V). Integration
processes were expressed as the difference between these AV
and (A + V) responses and were studied while attention was
directed to one or both modalities or directed elsewhere.
Results show that multisensory integration effects depend on
the multisensory objects being fully attended--that is, when
both the visual and auditory senses were attended. In this
condition, a superadditive audiovisual integration effect
was observed on the P50 component. When unattended, this
effect was reversed; the P50 components of multisensory ERPs
were smaller than the unisensory sum. Additionally, we found
an enhanced late frontal negativity when subjects attended
the visual component of a multisensory object. This effect,
bearing a strong resemblance to the auditory processing
negativity, appeared to reflect late attention-related
processing that had spread to encompass the auditory
component of the multisensory object. In conclusion, our
results shed new light on how the brain processes
multisensory auditory and visual information, including how
attention modulates multisensory integration
processes.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhk016},
Key = {fds277558}
}
@article{fds277548,
Author = {Talsma, D and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Selective attention and multisensory integration: multiple
phases of effects on the evoked brain activity.},
Journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},
Volume = {17},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1098-1114},
Year = {2005},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16102239},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Attention • Brain •
Brain Mapping* • Electroencephalography • Evoked
Potentials • Female • Functional Laterality •
Humans • Male • Perception • Physical
Stimulation • Reaction Time • Time Factors •
classification • methods • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {We used event-related potentials (ERPs) to evaluate the role
of attention in the integration of visual and auditory
features of multisensory objects. This was done by
contrasting the ERPs to multisensory stimuli (AV) to the sum
of the ERPs to the corresponding auditory-only (A) and
visual-only (V) stimuli [i.e., AV vs. (A + V)]. V, A, and VA
stimuli were presented in random order to the left and right
hemispaces. Subjects attended to a designated side to detect
infrequent target stimuli in either modality there. The
focus of this report is on the ERPs to the standard (i.e.,
nontarget) stimuli. We used rapid variable stimulus onset
asynchronies (350-650 msec) to mitigate anticipatory
activity and included "no-stim" trials to estimate and
remove ERP overlap from residual anticipatory processes and
from adjacent stimuli in the sequence. Spatial attention
effects on the processing of the unisensory stimuli
consisted of a modulation of visual P1 and N1 components (at
90-130 msec and 160-200 msec, respectively) and of the
auditory N1 and processing negativity (100-200 msec).
Attended versus unattended multisensory ERPs elicited a
combination of these effects. Multisensory integration
effects consisted of an initial frontal positivity around
100 msec that was larger for attended stimuli. This was
followed by three phases of centro-medially distributed
effects of integration and/or attention beginning at around
160 msec, and peaking at 190 (scalp positivity), 250
(negativity), and 300-500 msec (positivity) after stimulus
onset. These integration effects were larger in amplitude
for attended than for unattended stimuli, providing neural
evidence that attention can modulate multisensory-integration
processes at multiple stages.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1162/0898929054475172},
Key = {fds277548}
}
@article{fds277467,
Author = {Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Selective listening at fast stimulus rates: so much to hear,
so little time.},
Journal = {Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology.
Supplement},
Volume = {44},
Number = {6},
Pages = {32-51},
Year = {1995},
ISSN = {0424-8155},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7649040},
Keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation • Attention • Brain •
Electroencephalography • Evoked Potentials, Auditory
• Humans • Reaction Time • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {Using a keyhole technique, it is shown that the data
acquisition rate of gradient-echo imaging for functional MRI
(fMRI) studies can be increased substantially. The resulting
enhancement of the temporal resolution of fMRIs was
accomplished without modifying the hardware of a
conventional MRI system. High spatial resolution fMRI images
were first collected with conventional full k-space
acquisition and image reconstruction. Using the same data
set, simulation reconstruction using the keyhole principle
and zero-padding were performed for comparison with the full
k-space reconstruction. No significant changes were found
for fMRI images generated from the keyhole technique with a
data sharing profile of 50% of the k-space. As k-space data
sharing profiles increased to 75 and 87.5%, the keyhole fMRI
images began to show only modest changes in activation
intensity and area compared with the standard images. In
contrast, zero-padding fMRI images produced a significant
disparity both in activation intensity and area relative to
the truly high-resolution fMRI images. The keyhole
technique's ability to retain the intensity and area of fMRI
information, while substantially reducing acquisition time,
makes it a promising method for fMRI studies.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1097-0193(1997)5:4<280::AID-HBM13>3.0.CO;2-I},
Key = {fds277467}
}
@article{fds340488,
Author = {Bugden, S and Woldorff, MG and Brannon, EM},
Title = {Shared and distinct neural circuitry for nonsymbolic and
symbolic double-digit addition.},
Journal = {Hum Brain Mapp},
Volume = {40},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1328-1343},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.24452},
Abstract = {Symbolic arithmetic is a complex, uniquely human ability
that is acquired through direct instruction. In contrast,
the capacity to mentally add and subtract nonsymbolic
quantities such as dot arrays emerges without instruction
and can be seen in human infants and nonhuman animals. One
possibility is that the mental manipulation of nonsymbolic
arrays provides a critical scaffold for developing symbolic
arithmetic abilities. To explore this hypothesis, we
examined whether there is a shared neural basis for
nonsymbolic and symbolic double-digit addition. In parallel,
we asked whether there are brain regions that are associated
with nonsymbolic and symbolic addition independently. First,
relative to visually matched control tasks, we found that
both nonsymbolic and symbolic addition elicited greater
neural signal in the bilateral intraparietal sulcus (IPS),
bilateral inferior temporal gyrus, and the right superior
parietal lobule. Subsequent representational similarity
analyses revealed that the neural similarity between
nonsymbolic and symbolic addition was stronger relative to
the similarity between each addition condition and its
visually matched control task, but only in the bilateral
IPS. These findings suggest that the IPS is involved in
arithmetic calculation independent of stimulus
format.},
Doi = {10.1002/hbm.24452},
Key = {fds340488}
}
@article{fds277484,
Author = {Sanders, LD and Neville, HJ and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Speech segmentation by native and non-native speakers: the
use of lexical, syntactic, and stress-pattern
cues.},
Journal = {Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research :
Jslhr},
Volume = {45},
Number = {3},
Pages = {519-530},
Year = {2002},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1092-4388},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12069004},
Keywords = {Adult • Cues* • Female • Humans •
Language* • Male • Phonetics* • Semantics*
• Speech • Vocabulary* • physiology*},
Abstract = {Varying degrees of plasticity in different subsystems of
language have been demonstrated by studies showing that some
aspects of language are processed similarly by native
speakers and late-learners whereas other aspects are
processed differently by the two groups. The study of speech
segmentation provides a means by which the ability to
process different types of linguistic information can be
measured within the same task, because lexical, syntactic,
and stress-pattern information can all indicate where one
word ends and the next begins in continuous speech. In this
study, native Japanese and native Spanish late-learners of
English (as well as near-monolingual Japanese and Spanish
speakers) were asked to determine whether specific sounds
fell at the beginning or in the middle of words in English
sentences. Similar to native English speakers, late-learners
employed lexical information to perform the segmentation
task. However, nonnative speakers did not use syntactic
information to the same extent as native English speakers.
Although both groups of late-learners of English used stress
pattern as a segmentation cue, the extent to which this cue
was relied upon depended on the stress-pattern
characteristics of their native language. These findings
support the hypothesis that learning a second language later
in life has differential effects on subsystems within
language.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1044/1092-4388(2002/041)},
Key = {fds277484}
}
@article{Appelbaum2012,
Author = {Appelbaum, L. G. and Boehler, C. N. and Won, R. and Davis,
L. and Woldorff, M. G.},
Title = {Strategic allocation of attention reduces temporally
predictable stimulus conflict},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {24},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1834--48},
Address = {Duke University.},
Year = {2012},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22360623},
Abstract = {Humans are able to continuously monitor environmental
situations and adjust their behavioral strategies to
optimize performance. Here we investigate the behavioral and
brain adjustments that occur when conflicting stimulus
elements are, or are not, temporally predictable. ERPs were
collected while manual response variants of the Stroop task
were performed in which the SOAs between the relevant color
and irrelevant word stimulus components were either randomly
intermixed or held constant within each experimental run.
Results indicated that the size of both the neural and
behavioral effects of stimulus incongruency varied with the
temporal arrangement of the stimulus components, such that
the random-SOA arrangements produced the greatest
incongruency effects at the earliest irrelevant first SOA
(-200 msec) and the constant-SOA arrangements produced the
greatest effects with simultaneous presentation. These
differences in conflict processing were accompanied by rapid
( approximately 150 msec) modulations of the sensory ERPs to
the irrelevant distractor components when they occurred
consistently first. These effects suggest that individuals
are able to strategically allocate attention in time to
mitigate the influence of a temporally predictable
distractor. As these adjustments are instantiated by the
participants without instruction, they reveal a form of
rapid strategic learning for dealing with temporally
predictable stimulus incongruency.},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00209},
Key = {Appelbaum2012}
}
@article{fds277507,
Author = {Appelbaum, LG and Boehler, CN and Won, R and Davis, L and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Strategic allocation of attention reduces temporally
predictable stimulus conflict.},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {24},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1834-1848},
Year = {2012},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1530-8898},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22360623},
Abstract = {Humans are able to continuously monitor environmental
situations and adjust their behavioral strategies to
optimize performance. Here we investigate the behavioral and
brain adjustments that occur when conflicting stimulus
elements are, or are not, temporally predictable. ERPs were
collected while manual response variants of the Stroop task
were performed in which the SOAs between the relevant color
and irrelevant word stimulus components were either randomly
intermixed or held constant within each experimental run.
Results indicated that the size of both the neural and
behavioral effects of stimulus incongruency varied with the
temporal arrangement of the stimulus components, such that
the random-SOA arrangements produced the greatest
incongruency effects at the earliest irrelevant first SOA
(-200 msec) and the constant-SOA arrangements produced the
greatest effects with simultaneous presentation. These
differences in conflict processing were accompanied by rapid
(∼150 msec) modulations of the sensory ERPs to the
irrelevant distractor components when they occurred
consistently first. These effects suggest that individuals
are able to strategically allocate attention in time to
mitigate the influence of a temporally predictable
distractor. As these adjustments are instantiated by the
participants without instruction, they reveal a form of
rapid strategic learning for dealing with temporally
predictable stimulus incongruency.},
Language = {ENG},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00209},
Key = {fds277507}
}
@article{fds323867,
Author = {Langford, ZD and Krebs, RM and Talsma, D and Woldorff, MG and Boehler,
CN},
Title = {Strategic down-regulation of attentional resources as a
mechanism of proactive response inhibition.},
Journal = {Eur J Neurosci},
Volume = {44},
Number = {4},
Pages = {2095-2103},
Year = {2016},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ejn.13303},
Abstract = {Efficiently avoiding inappropriate actions in a changing
environment is central to cognitive control. One mechanism
contributing to this ability is the deliberate slowing down
of responses in contexts where full response cancellation
might occasionally be required, referred to as proactive
response inhibition. The present electroencephalographic
(EEG) study investigated the role of attentional processes
in proactive response inhibition in humans. To this end, we
compared data from a standard stop-signal task, in which
stop signals required response cancellation
('stop-relevant'), to data where possible stop signals were
task-irrelevant ('stop-irrelevant'). Behavioral data clearly
indicated the presence of proactive slowing in the standard
stop-signal task. A novel single-trial analysis was used to
directly model the relationship between response time and
the EEG data of the go-trials in both contexts within a
multilevel linear models framework. We found a relationship
between response time and amplitude of the attention-related
N1 component in stop-relevant blocks, a characteristic that
was fully absent in stop-irrelevant blocks. Specifically, N1
amplitudes were lower the slower the response time,
suggesting that attentional resources were being
strategically down-regulated to control response speed.
Drift diffusion modeling of the behavioral data indicated
that multiple parameters differed across the two contexts,
likely suggesting the contribution from independent brain
mechanisms to proactive slowing. Hence, the attentional
mechanism of proactive response control we report here might
coexist with known mechanisms that are more directly tied to
motoric response inhibition. As such, our study opens up new
research avenues also concerning clinical conditions that
feature deficits in proactive response inhibition.},
Doi = {10.1111/ejn.13303},
Key = {fds323867}
}
@article{fds277540,
Author = {Hasnain, MK and Fox, PT and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Structure--function spatial covariance in the human visual
cortex.},
Journal = {Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)},
Volume = {11},
Number = {8},
Pages = {702-716},
Year = {2001},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {1047-3211},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11459760},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Brain Mapping • Color
Perception • Echo-Planar Imaging • Functional
Laterality • Humans • Male • Models, Anatomic
• Occipital Lobe • Space Perception •
Tomography, Emission-Computed • Visual Cortex •
anatomy & histology • anatomy & histology* •
growth & development • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {The value of sulcal landmarks for predicting functional
areas was quantitatively examined. Medial occipital sulci
were identified using anatomical magnetic resonance images
to create individual cortical-surface models. Functional
visual areas were identified using retinotopically organized
visual stimuli, and positron emission tomography subtraction
imaging with intra-subject averaging. Functional areas were
assigned labels by placement along the cortical surface from
V1. Structure-function spatial covariances between sulci and
functional areas, and spatial covariances among functional
areas, were determined by projecting sulcal landmarks and
functional areas into a standardized stereotaxic space and
computing the 'r' statistics. A functional area was
considered to spatially covary with a sulcus or another
functional area if their geometric centers correlated
significantly (P < 0.05) in two or more axes. Statistically
significant spatial covariances were found for some, but not
all comparisons. The finding of significant spatial
covariances within a standardized stereotaxic space
indicates that nine-parameter spatial normalization does not
account for all the predictive value of structural or
functional locations, and may be improved upon by using
selected sulcal and functional landmarks. The present
findings quantify for the first time the strength of
structure--function spatial covariance and comment directly
on developmental theories addressing the etiology of
structure--function correspondence.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1093/cercor/11.8.702},
Key = {fds277540}
}
@article{fds277532,
Author = {Boehler, CN and Bunzeck, N and Krebs, RM and Noesselt, T and Schoenfeld,
MA and Heinze, H-J and Münte, TF and Woldorff, MG and Hopf,
J-M},
Title = {Substantia nigra activity level predicts trial-to-trial
adjustments in cognitive control.},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {23},
Number = {2},
Pages = {362-373},
Year = {2011},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1530-8898},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20465358},
Keywords = {Adaptation, Physiological • Adult • Brain Mapping
• Cognition • Female • Humans • Image
Processing, Computer-Assisted • Inhibition (Psychology)
• Learning • Male • Models, Statistical
• Neuropsychological Tests • Oxygen •
Predictive Value of Tests • Reaction Time •
Reinforcement (Psychology) • Substantia Nigra •
Young Adult • blood • blood supply* • methods
• physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {Effective adaptation to the demands of a changing
environment requires flexible cognitive control. The medial
and the lateral frontal cortices are involved in such
control processes, putatively in close interplay with the
BG. In particular, dopaminergic projections from the
midbrain (i.e., from the substantia nigra [SN] and the
ventral tegmental area) have been proposed to play a pivotal
role in modulating the activity in these areas for cognitive
control purposes. In that dopaminergic involvement has been
strongly implicated in reinforcement learning, these ideas
suggest functional links between reinforcement learning,
where the outcome of actions shapes behavior over time, and
cognitive control in a more general context, where no direct
reward is involved. Here, we provide evidence from
functional MRI in humans that activity in the SN predicts
systematic subsequent trial-to-trial RT prolongations that
are thought to reflect cognitive control in a stop-signal
paradigm. In particular, variations in the activity level of
the SN in one trial predicted the degree of RT prolongation
on the subsequent trial, consistent with a modulating output
signal from the SN being involved in enhancing cognitive
control. This link between SN activity and subsequent
behavioral adjustments lends support to theoretical accounts
that propose dopaminergic control signals that shape
behavior both in the presence and in the absence of direct
reward. This SN-based modulatory mechanism is presumably
mediated via a wider network that determines response speed
in this task, including frontal and parietal control
regions, along with the BG and the associated subthalamic
nucleus.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn.2010.21473},
Key = {fds277532}
}
@article{fds277455,
Author = {Lemen, LC and Fox, PT and Woldorff, MG and McGinnis, S and Jerabek, PA and Gao, JH},
Title = {Sustained visual stimulation: Neuronal and hemodynamic
responses},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {7},
Number = {4 PART II},
Pages = {S263},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(18)31096-6},
Doi = {10.1016/s1053-8119(18)31096-6},
Key = {fds277455}
}
@article{UNKNOWN,
Author = {Schevernels, H and Krebs, RM and Santens, P and Woldorff, MG and Boehler, CN},
Title = {Task preparation processes related to reward prediction
precede those related to task-difficulty
expectation.},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {84},
Pages = {639-647},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24064071},
Abstract = {Recently, attempts have been made to disentangle the neural
underpinnings of preparatory processes related to reward and
attention. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
research showed that neural activity related to the
anticipation of reward and to attentional demands invokes
neural activity patterns featuring large-scale overlap,
along with some differences and interactions. Due to the
limited temporal resolution of fMRI, however, the temporal
dynamics of these processes remain unclear. Here, we report
an event-related potentials (ERP) study in which cued
attentional demands and reward prospect were combined in a
factorial design. Results showed that reward prediction
dominated early cue processing, as well as the early and
later parts of the contingent negative variation (CNV)
slow-wave ERP component that has been associated with
task-preparation processes. Moreover these reward-related
electrophysiological effects correlated across participants
with response time speeding on reward-prospect trials. In
contrast, cued attentional demands affected only the later
part of the CNV, with the highest amplitudes following cues
predicting high-difficulty potential-reward targets, thus
suggesting maximal task preparation when the task requires
it and entails reward prospect. Consequently, we suggest
that task-preparation processes triggered by reward can
arise earlier, and potentially more directly, than strategic
top-down aspects of preparation based on attentional
demands.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.09.039},
Key = {UNKNOWN}
}
@article{fds277543,
Author = {Huettel, SA and Obembe, OO and Song, AW and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {The BOLD fMRI refractory effect is specific to stimulus
attributes: evidence from a visual motion
paradigm.},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {23},
Number = {1},
Pages = {402-408},
Year = {2004},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1053-8119},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15325388},
Keywords = {Adult • Female • Humans • Magnetic Resonance
Imaging* • Male • Motion Perception •
Occipital Lobe • Orientation • Oxygen •
Pattern Recognition, Visual • Reference Values •
Refractory Period, Electrophysiological • Regional
Blood Flow • Temporal Lobe • blood supply •
blood* • physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have
demonstrated that the blood oxygenation level-dependent
(BOLD) hemodynamic response (HDR) to a stimulus is reduced
by the previous presentation of a similar stimulus. We
investigated the dependence of this refractory effect upon
stimulus characteristics using a novel adaptation paradigm
while scanning subjects using fMRI at 4 T. The stimuli were
composed of horizontal stripes that scrolled up, scrolled
down, or remained static, randomly presented for 1-s
duration with stimulus-onset asynchronies (SOAs) of 2-7 s.
We identified regions of interest (ROI) in lateral
temporal--occipital cortex that were activated by motion
stimuli, regardless of direction or SOA. We found strong
evidence for direction specificity in motion-sensitive
lateral temporal-occipital (LTO) cortex. For stimuli whose
direction of motion reprised that of the previous stimulus
(e.g., up preceded by up), the fMRI response was attenuated
at short SOAs (2-4 s) compared to long SOAs (5-7 s).
However, for stimuli whose direction of motion was opposite
that of the previous stimulus (e.g., up preceded by down),
little or no refractory effect was observed. Additionally,
examination of activity in pericalcarine cortex indicated a
similar pattern. We conclude that the fMRI refractory effect
predominantly reflects local stimulus-specific neuronal or
neurovascular adaptation and is unlikely to be a nonspecific
response of large vessels that support broad functional
regions.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.04.031},
Key = {fds277543}
}
@article{Marini2012,
Author = {Marini, F. and Chelazzi, L. and Maravita,
A.},
Title = {The Costly Filtering of Potential Distraction: Evidence for
a Supramodal Mechanism},
Journal = {J Exp Psychol Gen},
Year = {2012},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0029905},
Abstract = {When dealing with significant sensory stimuli, performance
can be hampered by distracting events. Attention mechanisms
lessen such negative effects, enabling selection of relevant
information while blocking potential distraction. Recent
work shows that preparatory brain activity, occurring before
a critical stimulus, may reflect mechanisms of attentional
control aimed to filter upcoming distracters. However, it is
unknown whether the engagement of these filtering mechanisms
to counteract distraction in itself taxes cognitive-brain
systems, leading to performance costs. Here we address this
question and, specifically, seek the behavioral signature of
a mechanism for the filtering of potential distraction
within and between sensory modalities. We show that, in
potentially distracting contexts, a filtering mechanism is
engaged to cope with forthcoming distraction, causing a
dramatic behavioral cost in no-distracter trials during a
speeded tactile discrimination task. We thus demonstrate an
impaired processing caused by a potential, yet absent,
distracter. This effect generalizes across different sensory
modalities, such as vision and audition, and across
different manipulations of the context, such as the
distracter's sensory modality and pertinence to the task.
Moreover, activation of the filtering mechanism relies on
both strategic and reactive processes, as shown by its
dynamic dependence on probabilistic and cross-trial
contingencies. Crucially, across participants, the observed
strategic cost is inversely related to the interference
exerted by a distracter on distracter-present trials. These
results attest to a mechanism for the monitoring and
filtering of potential distraction in the human brain.
Although its activation is indisputably beneficial when
distraction occurs, it leads to robust costs when
distraction is actually expected but currently absent.
(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights
reserved).},
Language = {Eng},
Doi = {10.1037/a0029905},
Key = {Marini2012}
}
@article{Donohue2011,
Author = {Donohue, S. E. and Roberts, K. C. and Grent-'t-Jong, T. and Woldorff, M. G.},
Title = {The cross-modal spread of attention reveals differential
constraints for the temporal and spatial linking of visual
and auditory stimulus events},
Journal = {J Neurosci},
Volume = {31},
Number = {22},
Pages = {7982--90},
Address = {Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham,
North Carolina 27708-0999, USA.},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21632920},
Keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation/methods • Adolescent •
Attention/*physiology • Auditory Perception/*physiology
• Brain Waves/*physiology • Electroencephalography/methods
• Evoked Potentials/physiology • Female •
Humans • Male • Photic Stimulation/methods •
Psychomotor Performance/physiology • Time Factors
• Visual Perception/*physiology • Young
Adult},
Abstract = {The integration of multisensory information has been shown
to be guided by spatial and temporal proximity, as well as
to be influenced by attention. Here we used neural measures
of the multisensory spread of attention to investigate the
spatial and temporal linking of synchronous versus
near-synchronous auditory and visual events. Human
participants attended selectively to one of two lateralized
visual-stimulus streams while task-irrelevant tones were
presented centrally. Electrophysiological measures of brain
activity showed that tones occurring simultaneously or
delayed by 100 ms were temporally linked to an attended
visual stimulus, as reflected by robust cross-modal
spreading-of-attention activity, but not when delayed by 300
ms. The neural data also indicated a ventriloquist-like
spatial linking of the auditory to the attended visual
stimuli, but only when occurring simultaneously. These
neurophysiological results thus provide unique insight into
the temporal and spatial principles of multisensory feature
integration and the fundamental role attention plays in such
integration.},
Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5298-10.2011},
Key = {Donohue2011}
}
@article{fds277526,
Author = {Donohue, SE and Roberts, KC and Grent-'t-Jong, T and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {The cross-modal spread of attention reveals differential
constraints for the temporal and spatial linking of visual
and auditory stimulus events.},
Journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
Volume = {31},
Number = {22},
Pages = {7982-7990},
Year = {2011},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1529-2401},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21632920},
Keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation • Adolescent • Attention
• Auditory Perception • Brain Waves •
Electroencephalography • Evoked Potentials •
Female • Humans • Male • Photic Stimulation
• Psychomotor Performance • Time Factors •
Visual Perception • Young Adult • methods •
physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {The integration of multisensory information has been shown
to be guided by spatial and temporal proximity, as well as
to be influenced by attention. Here we used neural measures
of the multisensory spread of attention to investigate the
spatial and temporal linking of synchronous versus
near-synchronous auditory and visual events. Human
participants attended selectively to one of two lateralized
visual-stimulus streams while task-irrelevant tones were
presented centrally. Electrophysiological measures of brain
activity showed that tones occurring simultaneously or
delayed by 100 ms were temporally linked to an attended
visual stimulus, as reflected by robust cross-modal
spreading-of-attention activity, but not when delayed by 300
ms. The neural data also indicated a ventriloquist-like
spatial linking of the auditory to the attended visual
stimuli, but only when occurring simultaneously. These
neurophysiological results thus provide unique insight into
the temporal and spatial principles of multisensory feature
integration and the fundamental role attention plays in such
integration.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5298-10.2011},
Key = {fds277526}
}
@article{fds277431,
Author = {Appelbaum, LG and Boehler, CN and Davis, LA and Won, RJ and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {The dynamics of proactive and reactive cognitive control
processes in the human brain.},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {26},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1021-1038},
Year = {2014},
Month = {May},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24345171},
Abstract = {In this study, we leveraged the high temporal resolution of
EEG to examine the neural mechanisms underlying the flexible
regulation of cognitive control that unfolds over different
timescales. We measured behavioral and neural effects of
color-word incongruency, as different groups of participants
performed three different versions of color-word Stroop
tasks in which the relative timing of the color and word
features varied from trial to trial. For this purpose, we
used a standard Stroop color identification task with equal
congruent-to-incongruent proportions (50%/50%), along with
two versions of the "Reverse Stroop" word identification
tasks, for which we manipulated the incongruency proportion
(50%/50% and 80%/20%). Two canonical ERP markers of neural
processing of stimulus incongruency, the frontocentral
negative polarity incongruency wave (NINC) and the late
positive component (LPC), were evoked across the various
conditions. Results indicated that color-word incongruency
interacted with the relative feature timing, producing
greater neural and behavioral effects when the
task-irrelevant stimulus preceded the target, but still
significant effects when it followed. Additionally, both
behavioral and neural incongruency effects were reduced by
nearly half in the word identification task (Reverse Stroop
50/50) relative to the color identification task (Stroop
50/50), with these effects essentially fully recovering when
incongruent trials appeared only infrequently (Reverse
Stroop 80/20). Across the conditions, NINC amplitudes
closely paralleled RTs, indicating this component is
sensitive to the overall level of stimulus conflict. In
contrast, LPC amplitudes were largest with infrequent
incongruent trials, suggesting a possible readjustment role
when proactive control is reduced. These findings thus
unveil distinct control mechanisms that unfold over time in
response to conflicting stimulus input under different
contexts.},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00542},
Key = {fds277431}
}
@article{fds277424,
Author = {Donohue, SE and Green, JJ and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {The effects of attention on the temporal integration of
multisensory stimuli.},
Journal = {Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience},
Volume = {9},
Pages = {32},
Year = {2015},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2015.00032},
Abstract = {In unisensory contexts, spatially-focused attention tends to
enhance perceptual processing. How attention influences the
processing of multisensory stimuli, however, has been of
much debate. In some cases, attention has been shown to be
important for processes related to the integration of
audio-visual stimuli, but in other cases such processes have
been reported to occur independently of attention. To
address these conflicting results, we performed three
experiments to examine how attention interacts with a key
facet of multisensory processing: the temporal window of
integration (TWI). The first two experiments used a novel
cued-spatial-attention version of the bounce/stream
illusion, wherein two moving visual stimuli with
intersecting paths tend to be perceived as bouncing off
rather than streaming through each other when a brief sound
occurs near in time. When the task was to report whether the
visual stimuli appeared to bounce or stream, attention
served to narrow this measure of the TWI and bias perception
toward "streaming". When the participants' task was to
explicitly judge the simultaneity of the sound with the
intersection of the moving visual stimuli, however, the
results were quite different. Specifically, attention served
to mainly widen the TWI, increasing the likelihood of
simultaneity perception, while also substantially increasing
the simultaneity judgment accuracy when the stimuli were
actually physically simultaneous. Finally, in Experiment 3,
where the task was to judge the simultaneity of a simple,
temporally discrete, flashed visual stimulus and the same
brief tone pip, attention had no effect on the measured TWI.
These results highlight the flexibility of attention in
enhancing multisensory perception and show that the effects
of attention on multisensory processing are highly dependent
on the task demands and observer goals.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnint.2015.00032},
Key = {fds277424}
}
@article{fds277470,
Author = {Woldorff, MG and Hackley, SA and Hillyard, SA},
Title = {The effects of channel-selective attention on the mismatch
negativity wave elicited by deviant tones.},
Journal = {Psychophysiology},
Volume = {28},
Number = {1},
Pages = {30-42},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0048-5772},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1886962},
Keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation* • Adolescent • Adult •
Attention • Electroencephalography • Evoked
Potentials, Auditory • Female • Humans •
physiology*},
Abstract = {The mismatch negativity (MMN) is an event-related brain
potential elicited by infrequent, physically deviant sounds
in a sequence of repetitive auditory stimuli. Two dichotic
listening experiments that were designed to optimize the
selective focusing of attention provided a strong test of
Näätänen's proposal that the MMN is unaffected by
attention and reflects the operation of a strongly automatic
mismatch detection system. In Experiment 1, tones were
presented at intervals of 120-320 ms, and the deviant tones
(intensity decrements) in both the attended and unattended
ears elicited negative waves consistent in waveshape,
latency, and distribution with previously described MMNs. In
contrast to previous reports, however, the MMN elicited by
the unattended-channel deviant was markedly reduced (peak
amplitude of less than 1 microV) relative to the
corresponding negative wave elicited by the attended-channel
deviants (3-4 microV), as well as relative to previously
reported MMNs (3-6 microV) elicited by comparable deviations
in stimulus intensity. In Experiment 2, which employed
interstimulus intervals of 65-205 ms, the unattended-channel
MMN elicited by the deviant fainter tones was barely
discernible, whereas the corresponding attended-channel
negativity was again about 3-4 microV. These findings call
into question the assertion that the auditory mismatch
detection process and the associated MMN wave are wholly
independent of attentional influence. Rather, these data
provide evidence that the processing of stimuli in
unattended channels can be attenuated or gated at an early
sensory level under conditions of highly focused auditory
selective attention.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8986.1991.tb03384.x},
Key = {fds277470}
}
@article{fds323866,
Author = {Demeter, E and De Alburquerque and D and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {The effects of ongoing distraction on the neural processes
underlying signal detection.},
Journal = {Neuropsychologia},
Volume = {89},
Pages = {335-343},
Year = {2016},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.06.038},
Abstract = {Distraction can impede our ability to detect and effectively
process task-relevant stimuli in our environment. Here we
leveraged the high temporal resolution of event-related
potentials (ERPs) to study the neural consequences of a
global, continuous distractor on signal-detection processes.
Healthy, young adults performed the dSAT task, a
translational sustained-attention task that has been used
across different species and in clinical groups, in the
presence and absence of ongoing distracting stimulation. We
found the presence of distracting stimuli impaired
participants' ability to behaviorally detect task-relevant
signal stimuli and greatly affected the neural cascade of
processes underlying signal detection. Specifically, we
found distraction reduced an anterior and a posterior
early-latency N2 ERP component (~140-220ms) and modulated
long-latency, detection-related P3 components (P3a:
~200-330ms, P3b: 300-700ms), even to correctly detected
targets. These data provide evidence that distraction can
induce powerful alterations in the neural processes related
to signal detection, even when stimuli are behaviorally
detected.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.06.038},
Key = {fds323866}
}
@article{fds277533,
Author = {Zimmer, U and Itthipanyanan, S and Grent-'t-Jong, T and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {The electrophysiological time course of the interaction of
stimulus conflict and the multisensory spread of
attention.},
Journal = {Eur J Neurosci},
Volume = {31},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1744-1754},
Year = {2010},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1460-9568},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20584178},
Keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation • Adolescent • Adult •
Attention • Data Interpretation, Statistical •
Electroencephalography • Electrophysiology •
Evoked Potentials • Female • Functional Laterality
• Humans • Male • Middle Aged • Photic
Stimulation • Reaction Time • Reading • Young
Adult • physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {Previously, we have shown that spatial attention to a visual
stimulus can spread across both space and modality to a
synchronously presented but task-irrelevant sound arising
from a different location, reflected by a late-onsetting,
sustained, negative-polarity event-related potential (ERP)
wave over frontal-central scalp sites, probably originating
in part from the auditory cortices. Here we explore the
influence of cross-modal conflict on the amplitude and
temporal dynamics of this multisensory spreading-of-attention
activity. Subjects attended selectively to one of two
concurrently presented lateral visually-presented letter
streams to perform a sequential comparison task, while
ignoring task-irrelevant, centrally presented spoken letters
that could occur synchronously with either the attended or
unattended lateral visual letters and could be either
congruent or incongruent with them. Extracted auditory ERPs
revealed that, collapsed across congruency conditions,
attentional spreading across modalities started at
approximately 220 ms, replicating our earlier findings. The
interaction between attentional spreading and conflict
occurred beginning at approximately 300 ms, with
attentional-spreading activity being larger for incongruent
trials. Thus, the increased processing of an incongruent,
task-irrelevant sound in a multisensory stimulation appeared
to occur some time after attention has spread from the
attended visual part to the ignored auditory part,
presumably reflecting the conflict detection and associated
attentional capture requiring accrual of some multisensory
interaction processes at a higher-level semantic processing
stage.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07229.x},
Key = {fds277533}
}
@article{fds277477,
Author = {Busse, L and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {The ERP omitted stimulus response to "no-stim" events and
its implications for fast-rate event-related fMRI
designs.},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {18},
Number = {4},
Pages = {856-864},
Year = {2003},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1053-8119},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12725762},
Keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation • Adult • Analysis of
Variance • Brain Mapping • Electroencephalography*
• Evoked Potentials • Female • Fixation,
Ocular • Humans • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Male • Reaction Time • Reference Values
• Research Design • Time Factors • methods*
• physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {A major difficulty in fast-rate event-related fMRI
experiments is the extensive overlap from adjacent trials in
the stimulus sequence. One approach to address this problem
is to include "no-stim" or "null" events as a trial type.
These are randomized as if they were true stimulus events
but no stimulus actually occurs. Assuming that no response
is elicited by the null events, their time-locked average
reflects only the averaged overlap. Thus, contrasting the
averages for the other trial types versus the null-event
average subtracts out the overlap, enabling the extraction
of the response functions for these other trial types. ERP
studies, however, have indicated that an endogenous brain
response, the omitted stimulus response (OSR), can be evoked
by a missing event in a stream of regularly occurring
stimuli. To the extent that this response is elicited by
null events in an event-related fMRI experiment, the
null-event subtraction or contrast would falsely introduce
the inverse of the OSR into the averaged responses to the
other trial types. Using high-density ERP recordings, we
investigated the effect of different percentages of omitted
stimuli (11, 22, and 33%) on the auditory OSR at stimulus
rates of one event per second or one event per 2 s.
Significant OSRs were found for each percentage in the 1-s
condition as well as in the 11% 2-s condition. The responses
consisted of an early posterior negative wave (180-280 ms)
followed by a larger anterior positive wave. These results
have important implications for fast-rate fMRI designs,
while also providing new data on the brain's response to
omitted stimuli.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00012-0},
Key = {fds277477}
}
@article{fds362009,
Author = {Krasich, K and Gjorgieva, E and Murray, S and Bhatia, S and Faber, M and De
Brigard, F and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {The Impact of Error-Consequence Severity on Cue Processing
in Importance-Biased Prospective Memory.},
Journal = {Cereb Cortex Commun},
Volume = {2},
Number = {4},
Pages = {tgab056},
Year = {2021},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/texcom/tgab056},
Abstract = {Prospective memory (PM) enables people to remember to
complete important tasks in the future. Failing to do so can
result in consequences of varying severity. Here, we
investigated how PM error-consequence severity impacts the
neural processing of relevant cues for triggering PM and the
ramification of that processing on the associated
prospective task performance. Participants role-played a
cafeteria worker serving lunches to fictitious students and
had to remember to deliver an alternative lunch to students
(as PM cues) who would otherwise experience a moderate or
severe aversive reaction. Scalp-recorded, event-related
potential (ERP) measures showed that the early-latency
frontal positivity, reflecting the perception-based neural
responses to previously learned stimuli, did not differ
between the severe versus moderate PM cues. In contrast, the
longer-latency parietal positivity, thought to reflect full
PM cue recognition and post-retrieval processes, was
elicited earlier by the severe than the moderate PM cues.
This faster instantiation of the parietal positivity to the
severe-consequence PM cues was then followed by faster and
more accurate behavioral responses. These findings indicate
how the relative importance of a PM can be neurally
instantiated in the form of enhanced and faster PM-cue
recognition and processing and culminate into better
PM.},
Doi = {10.1093/texcom/tgab056},
Key = {fds362009}
}
@article{Boehler2012,
Author = {Boehler, C. N. and Appelbaum, L. G. and Krebs, R. M. and Hopf, J. M. and Woldorff, M. G.},
Title = {The influence of different Stop-signal response time
estimation procedures on behavior-behavior and
brain-behavior correlations},
Journal = {Behav Brain Res},
Volume = {229},
Number = {1},
Pages = {123--30},
Address = {Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham,
NC, USA. c.n.boehler@gmail.com},
Year = {2012},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22245527},
Keywords = {Brain/blood supply/*physiology • Brain Mapping •
Decision Making/physiology • Female • Humans
• Image Processing, Computer-Assisted •
*Inhibition (Psychology) • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Male • Oxygen/blood • Reaction
Time/*physiology • Statistics as Topic • Time
Perception/*physiology • Young Adult},
Abstract = {The fundamental cognitive-control function of inhibitory
control over motor behavior has been extensively
investigated using the Stop-signal task. The critical
behavioral parameter describing stopping efficacy is the
Stop-signal response time (SSRT), and correlations with
estimates of this parameter are commonly used to establish
that other variables (e.g., other behavioral measures or
brain activity measures) are closely related to inhibitory
motor control. Recently, however, it has been argued that
SSRT estimates can be strongly distorted if participants
strategically slow down their responses over the course of
the experiment, resulting in the SSRT no longer reliably
representing response-inhibition efficacy. Here, we
performed new analyses on behavioral and functional data
from an fMRI version of the Stop-signal task to gauge the
consequences of using different SSRT estimation approaches
that are differentially prone to the influence of strategic
response slowing. The results indicate that the SSRT
estimation approach can dramatically change
behavior-behavior correlations. Specifically, a correlation
between the SSRT and Go-trial accuracy that was highly
significant with one estimation approach, virtually
disappeared for the other. Additional analyses indeed
supported that this effect was related to strategic response
slowing. Concerning brain-behavior correlations, only the
left anterior insula was found to be significantly
correlated with the SSRT within the set of areas tested
here. Interestingly, this brain-behavior correlation
differed little for the different SSRT-estimation
procedures. In sum, the current results highlight that
different SSRT-estimation procedures can strongly influence
the distribution of SSRT values across subjects, which in
turn can ramify into correlational analyses with other
parameters.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.bbr.2012.01.003},
Key = {Boehler2012}
}
@article{fds277508,
Author = {Boehler, CN and Appelbaum, LG and Krebs, RM and Hopf, J-M and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {The influence of different Stop-signal response time
estimation procedures on behavior-behavior and
brain-behavior correlations.},
Journal = {Behav Brain Res},
Volume = {229},
Number = {1},
Pages = {123-130},
Year = {2012},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1872-7549},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22245527},
Abstract = {The fundamental cognitive-control function of inhibitory
control over motor behavior has been extensively
investigated using the Stop-signal task. The critical
behavioral parameter describing stopping efficacy is the
Stop-signal response time (SSRT), and correlations with
estimates of this parameter are commonly used to establish
that other variables (e.g., other behavioral measures or
brain activity measures) are closely related to inhibitory
motor control. Recently, however, it has been argued that
SSRT estimates can be strongly distorted if participants
strategically slow down their responses over the course of
the experiment, resulting in the SSRT no longer reliably
representing response-inhibition efficacy. Here, we
performed new analyses on behavioral and functional data
from an fMRI version of the Stop-signal task to gauge the
consequences of using different SSRT estimation approaches
that are differentially prone to the influence of strategic
response slowing. The results indicate that the SSRT
estimation approach can dramatically change
behavior-behavior correlations. Specifically, a correlation
between the SSRT and Go-trial accuracy that was highly
significant with one estimation approach, virtually
disappeared for the other. Additional analyses indeed
supported that this effect was related to strategic response
slowing. Concerning brain-behavior correlations, only the
left anterior insula was found to be significantly
correlated with the SSRT within the set of areas tested
here. Interestingly, this brain-behavior correlation
differed little for the different SSRT-estimation
procedures. In sum, the current results highlight that
different SSRT-estimation procedures can strongly influence
the distribution of SSRT values across subjects, which in
turn can ramify into correlational analyses with other
parameters.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.bbr.2012.01.003},
Key = {fds277508}
}
@article{fds365726,
Author = {Gjorgieva, E and Geib, BR and Cabeza, R and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {The influence of imagery vividness and internally-directed
attention on the neural mechanisms underlying the encoding
of visual mental images into episodic memory.},
Journal = {Cerebral Cortex},
Volume = {33},
Number = {6},
Pages = {3207-3220},
Year = {2023},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhac270},
Abstract = {Attention can be directed externally toward sensory
information or internally toward self-generated information.
Using electroencephalography (EEG), we investigated the
attentional processes underlying the formation and encoding
of self-generated mental images into episodic memory.
Participants viewed flickering words referring to common
objects and were tasked with forming visual mental images of
the objects and rating their vividness. Subsequent memory
for the presented object words was assessed using an old-new
recognition task. Internally-directed attention during image
generation was indexed as a reduction in steady-state visual
evoked potentials (SSVEPs), oscillatory EEG responses at the
frequency of a flickering stimulus. The results yielded 3
main findings. First, SSVEP power driven by the flickering
word stimuli decreased as subjects directed attention
internally to form the corresponding mental image. Second,
SSVEP power returned to pre-imagery baseline more slowly for
low- than high-vividness later remembered items, suggesting
that longer internally-directed attention is required to
generate subsequently remembered low-vividness images.
Finally, the event-related-potential difference due to
memory was more sustained for subsequently remembered low-
versus high-vividness items, suggesting that additional
conceptual processing may have been needed to remember the
low-vividness visual images. Taken together, the results
clarify the neural mechanisms supporting the encoding of
self-generated information.},
Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhac270},
Key = {fds365726}
}
@article{fds277536,
Author = {Krebs, RM and Boehler, CN and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {The influence of reward associations on conflict processing
in the Stroop task.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {117},
Number = {3},
Pages = {341-347},
Year = {2010},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1873-7838},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20864094},
Keywords = {Color Perception • Conflict (Psychology)* •
Extinction, Psychological • Female • Humans •
Male • Psychomotor Performance • Reaction Time
• Reward* • Stroop Test* • Young Adult •
physiology},
Abstract = {Performance in a behavioral task can be facilitated by
associating stimulus properties with reward. In contrast,
conflicting information is known to impede task performance.
Here we investigated how reward associations influence the
within-trial processing of conflicting information using a
color-naming Stroop task in which a subset of ink colors
(task-relevant dimension) was associated with monetary
incentives. We found that color-naming performance was
enhanced on trials with potential-reward versus those
without. Moreover, in potential-reward trials, typical
conflict-induced performance decrements were attenuated if
the incongruent word (task-irrelevant dimension) was
unrelated to reward. In contrast, incongruent words that
were semantically related to reward-predicting ink colors
interfered with performance in potential-reward trials and
even more so in no-reward trials, despite the semantic
meaning being entirely task-irrelevant. These observations
imply that the prospect of reward enhances the processing of
task-relevant stimulus information, whereas incongruent
reward-related information in a task-irrelevant dimension
can impede task performance.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2010.08.018},
Key = {fds277536}
}
@article{fds341290,
Author = {Berger, M and Oyeyemi, D and Olurinde, MO and Whitson, HE and Weinhold,
KJ and Woldorff, MG and Lipsitz, LA and Moretti, E and Giattino, CM and Roberts, KC and Zhou, J and Bunning, T and Ferrandino, M and Scheri, RP and Cooter, M and Chan, C and Cabeza, R and Browndyke, JN and Murdoch, DM and Devinney, MJ and Shaw, LM and Cohen, HJ and Mathew, JP and INTUIT
Investigators},
Title = {The INTUIT Study: Investigating Neuroinflammation Underlying
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Geriatrics Society},
Volume = {67},
Number = {4},
Pages = {794-798},
Year = {2019},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15770},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Every year, up to 40% of the more
than 16 million older Americans who undergo
anesthesia/surgery develop postoperative cognitive
dysfunction (POCD) or delirium. Each of these distinct
syndromes is associated with decreased quality of life,
increased mortality, and a possible increased risk of
Alzheimer's disease. One pathologic process hypothesized to
underlie both delirium and POCD is neuroinflammation. The
INTUIT study described here will determine the extent to
which postoperative increases in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) levels and
monocyte numbers are associated with delirium and/or POCD
and their underlying brain connectivity changes. DESIGN:
Observational prospective cohort. SETTING: Duke University
Medical Center, Duke Regional Hospital, and Duke Raleigh
Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Patients 60 years of age or older (N
= 200) undergoing noncardiac/nonneurologic surgery.
MEASUREMENTS: Participants will undergo cognitive testing
before, 6 weeks, and 1 year after surgery. Delirium
screening will be performed on postoperative days 1 to 5.
Blood and CSF samples are obtained before surgery, and 24
hours, 6 weeks, and 1 year after surgery. CSF MCP-1 levels
are measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and CSF
monocytes are assessed by flow cytometry. Half the patients
will also undergo pre- and postoperative functional magnetic
resonance imaging scans. 32-channel intraoperative
electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings will be performed to
identify intraoperative EEG correlates of neuroinflammation
and/or postoperative cognitive resilience. Eighty patients
will also undergo home sleep apnea testing to determine the
relationships between sleep apnea severity,
neuroinflammation, and impaired postoperative cognition.
Additional assessments will help evaluate relationships
between delirium, POCD, and other geriatric syndromes.
CONCLUSION: INTUIT will use a transdisciplinary approach to
study the role of neuroinflammation in postoperative
delirium and cognitive dysfunction and their associated
functional brain connectivity changes, and it may identify
novel targets for treating and/or preventing delirium and
POCD and their sequelae. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:794-798,
2019.},
Doi = {10.1111/jgs.15770},
Key = {fds341290}
}
@article{Krebs2012b,
Author = {Krebs, R. M. and Boehler, C. N. and Roberts, K. C. and Song,
A. W. and Woldorff, M. G.},
Title = {The involvement of the dopaminergic midbrain and
cortico-striatal-thalamic circuits in the integration of
reward prospect and attentional task demands},
Journal = {Cereb Cortex},
Volume = {22},
Number = {3},
Pages = {607--15},
Address = {Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham,
NC 27708, USA. ruthmkrebs@gmail.com},
Year = {2012},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21680848},
Abstract = {Reward has been shown to promote human performance in
multiple task domains. However, an important debate has
developed about the uniqueness of reward-related neural
signatures associated with such facilitation, as similar
neural patterns can be triggered by increased attentional
focus independent of reward. Here, we used functional
magnetic resonance imaging to directly investigate the
neural commonalities and interactions between the
anticipation of both reward and task difficulty, by
independently manipulating these factors in a cued-attention
paradigm. In preparation for the target stimulus, both
factors increased activity within the midbrain, dorsal
striatum, and fronto-parietal areas, while inducing
deactivations in default-mode regions. Additionally, reward
engaged the ventral striatum, posterior cingulate, and
occipital cortex, while difficulty engaged medial and
dorsolateral frontal regions. Importantly, a network
comprising the midbrain, caudate nucleus, thalamus, and
anterior midcingulate cortex exhibited an interaction
between reward and difficulty, presumably reflecting
additional resource recruitment for demanding tasks with
profitable outcome. This notion was consistent with a
negative correlation between cue-related midbrain activity
and difficulty-induced performance detriments in
reward-predictive trials. Together, the data demonstrate
that expected value and attentional demands are integrated
in cortico-striatal-thalamic circuits in coordination with
the dopaminergic midbrain to flexibly modulate resource
allocation for an effective pursuit of behavioral
goals.},
Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhr134},
Key = {Krebs2012b}
}
@article{fds277524,
Author = {Krebs, RM and Boehler, CN and Roberts, KC and Song, AW and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {The involvement of the dopaminergic midbrain and
cortico-striatal-thalamic circuits in the integration of
reward prospect and attentional task demands.},
Journal = {Cerebral Cortex},
Volume = {22},
Number = {3},
Pages = {607-615},
Year = {2012},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1460-2199},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21680848},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Attention • Corpus
Striatum • Cues • Dopamine • Female •
Humans • Male • Mesencephalon • Nerve Net
• Neural Pathways • Psychomotor Performance •
Reward* • Thalamus • Visual Cortex • Young
Adult • physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {Reward has been shown to promote human performance in
multiple task domains. However, an important debate has
developed about the uniqueness of reward-related neural
signatures associated with such facilitation, as similar
neural patterns can be triggered by increased attentional
focus independent of reward. Here, we used functional
magnetic resonance imaging to directly investigate the
neural commonalities and interactions between the
anticipation of both reward and task difficulty, by
independently manipulating these factors in a cued-attention
paradigm. In preparation for the target stimulus, both
factors increased activity within the midbrain, dorsal
striatum, and fronto-parietal areas, while inducing
deactivations in default-mode regions. Additionally, reward
engaged the ventral striatum, posterior cingulate, and
occipital cortex, while difficulty engaged medial and
dorsolateral frontal regions. Importantly, a network
comprising the midbrain, caudate nucleus, thalamus, and
anterior midcingulate cortex exhibited an interaction
between reward and difficulty, presumably reflecting
additional resource recruitment for demanding tasks with
profitable outcome. This notion was consistent with a
negative correlation between cue-related midbrain activity
and difficulty-induced performance detriments in
reward-predictive trials. Together, the data demonstrate
that expected value and attentional demands are integrated
in cortico-striatal-thalamic circuits in coordination with
the dopaminergic midbrain to flexibly modulate resource
allocation for an effective pursuit of behavioral
goals.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhr134},
Key = {fds277524}
}
@article{fds352411,
Author = {VanDusen, KW and Eleswarpu, S and Moretti, EW and Devinney, MJ and Crabtree, DM and Laskowitz, DT and Woldorff, MG and Roberts, KC and Whittle, J and Browndyke, JN and Cooter, M and Rockhold, FW and Anakwenze, O and Bolognesi, MP and Easley, ME and Ferrandino, MN and Jiranek, WA and Berger, M and MARBLE Study Investigators},
Title = {The MARBLE Study Protocol: Modulating ApoE Signaling to
Reduce Brain Inflammation, DeLirium, and PostopErative
Cognitive Dysfunction.},
Journal = {J Alzheimers Dis},
Volume = {75},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1319-1328},
Year = {2020},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-191185},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) are
common complications in older adults associated with
increased 1-year mortality and long-term cognitive decline.
One risk factor for worsened long-term postoperative
cognitive trajectory is the Alzheimer's disease (AD) genetic
risk factor APOE4. APOE4 is thought to elevate AD risk
partly by increasing neuroinflammation, which is also a
theorized mechanism for PND. Yet, it is unclear whether
modulating apoE4 protein signaling in older surgical
patients would reduce PND risk or severity. OBJECTIVE:
MARBLE is a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled phase II
sequential dose escalation trial designed to evaluate
perioperative administration of an apoE mimetic peptide
drug, CN-105, in older adults (age≥60 years). The primary
aim is evaluating the safety of CN-105 administration, as
measured by adverse event rates in CN-105 versus
placebo-treated patients. Secondary aims include assessing
perioperative CN-105 administration feasibility and its
efficacy for reducing postoperative neuroinflammation and
PND severity. METHODS: 201 patients undergoing non-cardiac,
non-neurological surgery will be randomized to control or
CN-105 treatment groups and receive placebo or drug before
and every six hours after surgery, for up to three days
after surgery. Chart reviews, pre- and postoperative
cognitive testing, delirium screening, and blood and CSF
analyses will be performed to examine effects of CN-105 on
perioperative adverse event rates, cognition, and
neuroinflammation. Trial results will be disseminated by
presentations at conferences and peer-reviewed publications.
CONCLUSION: MARBLE is a transdisciplinary study designed to
measure CN-105 safety and efficacy for preventing PND in
older adults and to provide insight into the pathogenesis of
these geriatric syndromes.},
Doi = {10.3233/JAD-191185},
Key = {fds352411}
}
@article{fds277534,
Author = {Talsma, D and Senkowski, D and Soto-Faraco, S and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {The multifaceted interplay between attention and
multisensory integration.},
Journal = {Trends Cogn Sci},
Volume = {14},
Number = {9},
Pages = {400-410},
Year = {2010},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1879-307X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20675182},
Keywords = {Animals • Attention • Electroencephalography
• Humans • Magnetic Resonance Imaging •
Models, Neurological • Perception •
physiology*},
Abstract = {Multisensory integration has often been characterized as an
automatic process. Recent findings indicate that
multisensory integration can occur across various stages of
stimulus processing that are linked to, and can be modulated
by, attention. Stimulus-driven, bottom-up mechanisms induced
by crossmodal interactions can automatically capture
attention towards multisensory events, particularly when
competition to focus elsewhere is relatively low.
Conversely, top-down attention can facilitate the
integration of multisensory inputs and lead to a spread of
attention across sensory modalities. These findings point to
a more intimate and multifaceted interplay between attention
and multisensory integration than was previously thought. We
review developments in the current understanding of the
interactions between attention and multisensory processing,
and propose a framework that unifies previous, apparently
discordant, findings.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2010.06.008},
Key = {fds277534}
}
@article{fds277565,
Author = {Weissman, DH and Roberts, KC and Visscher, KM and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {The neural bases of momentary lapses in attention.},
Journal = {Nature Neuroscience},
Volume = {9},
Number = {7},
Pages = {971-978},
Year = {2006},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1097-6256},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16767087},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Analysis of Variance •
Attention • Brain Mapping* • Cerebral Cortex
• Female • Functional Laterality • Humans
• Image Processing, Computer-Assisted • Magnetic
Resonance Imaging • Male • Nerve Net • Oxygen
• Pattern Recognition, Visual • Photic Stimulation
• Psychomotor Performance • Reaction Time •
Time Factors • anatomy & histology • blood •
blood supply • methods • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {Momentary lapses in attention frequently impair
goal-directed behavior, sometimes with serious consequences.
Nevertheless, we lack an integrated view of the brain
mechanisms underlying such lapses. By investigating
trial-by-trial relationships between brain activity and
response time in humans, we determined that attentional
lapses begin with reduced prestimulus activity in anterior
cingulate and right prefrontal regions involved in
controlling attention. Less efficient stimulus processing
during attentional lapses was also characterized by less
deactivation of a 'default-mode' network, reduced
stimulus-evoked sensory activity, and increased activity in
widespread regions of frontal and parietal cortex. Finally,
consistent with a mechanism for recovering from attentional
lapses, increased stimulus-evoked activity in the right
inferior frontal gyrus and the right temporal-parietal
junction predicted better performance on the next trial. Our
findings provide a new, system-wide understanding of the
patterns of brain activity that are associated with brief
attentional lapses, which informs both theoretical and
clinical models of goal-directed behavior.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1038/nn1727},
Key = {fds277565}
}
@article{fds277559,
Author = {Wu, C-T and Weissman, DH and Roberts, KC and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {The neural circuitry underlying the executive control of
auditory spatial attention.},
Journal = {Brain Research},
Volume = {1134},
Number = {1},
Pages = {187-198},
Year = {2007},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0006-8993},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17204249},
Keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation • Adult • Attention •
Auditory Pathways • Auditory Perception • Brain
• Brain Mapping • Cues • Female •
Frontal Lobe • Functional Laterality • Humans
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Male • Nerve
Net • Neural Pathways • Neuropsychological Tests
• Parietal Lobe • Reaction Time • Sound
Localization • Space Perception • Visual Pathways
• anatomy & histology • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {Although a fronto-parietal network has consistently been
implicated in the control of visual spatial attention, the
network that guides spatial attention in the auditory domain
is not yet clearly understood. To investigate this issue, we
measured brain activity using functional magnetic resonance
imaging while participants performed a cued auditory spatial
attention task. We found that cued orienting of auditory
spatial attention activated a medial-superior distributed
fronto-parietal network. In addition, we found cue-triggered
increases of activity in the auditory sensory cortex prior
to the occurrence of an auditory target, suggesting that
auditory attentional control operates in part by biasing
processing in sensory cortex in favor of expected target
stimuli. Finally, an exploratory cross-study comparison
further indicated several common frontal and parietal
regions as being involved in the control of both visual and
auditory spatial attention. Thus, the present findings not
only reveal the network of brain areas underlying endogenous
spatial orienting in the auditory modality, but also suggest
that the control of spatial attention in different sensory
modalities is enabled in part by some common, supramodal
neural mechanisms.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2006.11.088},
Key = {fds277559}
}
@article{fds323871,
Author = {Donohue, SE and Appelbaum, LG and McKay, CC and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {The neural dynamics of stimulus and response conflict
processing as a function of response complexity and task
demands.},
Journal = {Neuropsychologia},
Volume = {84},
Pages = {14-28},
Year = {2016},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.01.035},
Abstract = {Both stimulus and response conflict can disrupt behavior by
slowing response times and decreasing accuracy. Although
several neural activations have been associated with
conflict processing, it is unclear how specific any of these
are to the type of stimulus conflict or the amount of
response conflict. Here, we recorded electrical brain
activity, while manipulating the type of stimulus conflict
in the task (spatial [Flanker] versus semantic [Stroop]) and
the amount of response conflict (two versus four response
choices). Behaviorally, responses were slower to incongruent
versus congruent stimuli across all task and response types,
along with overall slowing for higher response-mapping
complexity. The earliest incongruency-related neural effect
was a short-duration frontally-distributed negativity at
~200 ms that was only present in the Flanker
spatial-conflict task. At longer latencies, the classic
fronto-central incongruency-related negativity 'N(inc)' was
observed for all conditions, but was larger and ~100 ms
longer in duration with more response options. Further, the
onset of the motor-related lateralized readiness potential
(LRP) was earlier for the two vs. four response sets,
indicating that smaller response sets enabled faster
motor-response preparation. The late positive complex (LPC)
was present in all conditions except the two-response Stroop
task, suggesting this late conflict-related activity is not
specifically related to task type or response-mapping
complexity. Importantly, across tasks and conditions, the
LRP onset at or before the conflict-related N(inc),
indicating that motor preparation is a rapid, automatic
process that interacts with the conflict-detection processes
after it has begun. Together, these data highlight how
different conflict-related processes operate in parallel and
depend on both the cognitive demands of the task and the
number of response options.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.01.035},
Key = {fds323871}
}
@article{fds277544,
Author = {Weissman, DH and Warner, LM and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {The neural mechanisms for minimizing cross-modal
distraction.},
Journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
Volume = {24},
Number = {48},
Pages = {10941-10949},
Year = {2004},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1529-2401},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15574744},
Keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation • Adult • Attention •
Auditory Cortex • Brain Mapping* • Conflict
(Psychology)* • Female • Goals • Gyrus
Cinguli • Humans • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Male • Neural Pathways • Pattern
Recognition, Physiological • Pattern Recognition,
Visual • Photic Stimulation • Prefrontal Cortex
• Visual Cortex • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {The neural circuitry that increases attention to
goal-relevant stimuli when we are in danger of becoming
distracted is a matter of active debate. To address several
long-standing controversies, we asked participants to
identify a letter presented either visually or auditorily
while we varied the amount of cross-modal distraction from
an irrelevant letter in the opposite modality. Functional
magnetic resonance imaging revealed three novel results.
First, activity in sensory cortices that processed the
relevant letter increased as the irrelevant letter became
more distracting, consistent with a selective increase of
attention to the relevant letter. In line with this view, an
across-subjects correlation indicated that the larger the
increase of activity in sensory cortices that processed the
relevant letter, the less behavioral interference there was
from the irrelevant letter. Second, regions of the
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) involved in orienting
attention to the relevant letter also participated in
increasing attention to the relevant letter when conflicting
stimuli were present. Third, we observed a novel pattern of
regional specialization within the cognitive division of the
anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) for focusing attention on
the relevant letter (dorsal ACC) versus detecting conflict
from the irrelevant letter (rostral ACC). These findings
indicate novel roles for sensory cortices, the DLPFC, and
the ACC in increasing attention to goal-relevant stimulus
representations when distracting stimuli conflict with
behavioral objectives. Furthermore, they potentially resolve
a long-standing controversy regarding the key contribution
of the ACC to cognitive control.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3669-04.2004},
Key = {fds277544}
}
@article{Krebs2011,
Author = {Krebs, R. M. and Boehler, C. N. and Egner, T. and Woldorff,
M. G.},
Title = {The neural underpinnings of how reward associations can both
guide and misguide attention},
Journal = {J Neurosci},
Volume = {31},
Number = {26},
Pages = {9752--9},
Address = {Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham,
North Carolina 27708, USA. ruthmkrebs@gmail.com},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21715640},
Keywords = {Adult • Analysis of Variance • Association
Learning/*physiology • Attention/*physiology •
Brain Mapping • Female • Frontal Lobe/*physiology
• Humans • Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Male • Nucleus
Accumbens/*physiology • Photic Stimulation •
Psychomotor Performance/physiology • Reaction
Time/physiology • *Reward • Stroop
Test},
Abstract = {It is commonly accepted that reward is an effective
motivator of behavior, but little is known about potential
costs resulting from reward associations. Here, we used
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate
the neural underpinnings of such reward-related
performance-disrupting effects in a reward-modulated Stroop
task in humans. While reward associations in the
task-relevant dimension (i.e., ink color) facilitated
performance, behavioral detriments were found when the
task-irrelevant dimension (i.e., word meaning) implicitly
referred to reward-predictive ink colors. Neurally, only
relevant reward associations invoked a typical
reward-anticipation response in the nucleus accumbens
(NAcc), which was in turn predictive of behavioral
facilitation. In contrast, irrelevant reward associations
increased activity in a medial prefrontal
motor-control-related region, namely the presupplementary
motor area (pre-SMA), which likely reflects the preemption
and inhibition of automatic response tendencies that are
amplified by irrelevant reward-related words. This view was
further supported by a positive relationship between pre-SMA
activity and pronounced response slowing in trials
containing reward-related as compared with reward-unrelated
incongruent words. Importantly, the distinct neural
processes related to the beneficial and detrimental
behavioral effects of reward associations appeared to arise
from preferential-coding mechanisms in visual-processing
areas that were shared by the two stimulus dimensions,
suggesting a transfer of reward-related saliency to the
irrelevant dimension, but with highly differential
behavioral and neural ramifications. More generally, the
data demonstrate that even entirely irrelevant reward
associations can influence stimulus-processing and
response-selection pathways relatively automatically,
thereby representing an important flipside of reward-driven
performance enhancements.},
Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0732-11.2011},
Key = {Krebs2011}
}
@article{fds277522,
Author = {Krebs, RM and Boehler, CN and Egner, T and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {The neural underpinnings of how reward associations can both
guide and misguide attention.},
Journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
Volume = {31},
Number = {26},
Pages = {9752-9759},
Year = {2011},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1529-2401},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21715640},
Keywords = {Adult • Analysis of Variance • Association
Learning • Attention • Brain Mapping • Female
• Frontal Lobe • Humans • Image Processing,
Computer-Assisted • Magnetic Resonance Imaging •
Male • Nucleus Accumbens • Photic Stimulation
• Psychomotor Performance • Reaction Time •
Reward* • Stroop Test • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {It is commonly accepted that reward is an effective
motivator of behavior, but little is known about potential
costs resulting from reward associations. Here, we used
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate
the neural underpinnings of such reward-related
performance-disrupting effects in a reward-modulated Stroop
task in humans. While reward associations in the
task-relevant dimension (i.e., ink color) facilitated
performance, behavioral detriments were found when the
task-irrelevant dimension (i.e., word meaning) implicitly
referred to reward-predictive ink colors. Neurally, only
relevant reward associations invoked a typical
reward-anticipation response in the nucleus accumbens
(NAcc), which was in turn predictive of behavioral
facilitation. In contrast, irrelevant reward associations
increased activity in a medial prefrontal
motor-control-related region, namely the presupplementary
motor area (pre-SMA), which likely reflects the preemption
and inhibition of automatic response tendencies that are
amplified by irrelevant reward-related words. This view was
further supported by a positive relationship between pre-SMA
activity and pronounced response slowing in trials
containing reward-related as compared with reward-unrelated
incongruent words. Importantly, the distinct neural
processes related to the beneficial and detrimental
behavioral effects of reward associations appeared to arise
from preferential-coding mechanisms in visual-processing
areas that were shared by the two stimulus dimensions,
suggesting a transfer of reward-related saliency to the
irrelevant dimension, but with highly differential
behavioral and neural ramifications. More generally, the
data demonstrate that even entirely irrelevant reward
associations can influence stimulus-processing and
response-selection pathways relatively automatically,
thereby representing an important flipside of reward-driven
performance enhancements.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0732-11.2011},
Key = {fds277522}
}
@article{fds323870,
Author = {Donohue, SE and Hopf, J-M and Bartsch, MV and Schoenfeld, MA and Heinze,
H-J and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {The Rapid Capture of Attention by Rewarded
Objects.},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {28},
Number = {4},
Pages = {529-541},
Year = {2016},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00917},
Abstract = {When a stimulus is associated with a reward, it becomes
prioritized, and the allocation of attention to that
stimulus increases. For low-level features, such as color,
this reward-based allocation of attention can manifest early
in time and as a faster and stronger shift of attention to
targets with that color, as reflected by the N2pc (a
parieto-occipital electrophysiological component peaking at
∼250 msec). It is unknown, however, if reward associations
can similarly modulate attentional shifts to complex objects
or object categories, or if reward-related modulation of
attentional allocation to such stimuli would occur later in
time or through a different mechanism. Here, we used
magnetoencephalographic recordings in 24 participants to
investigate how object categories with a reward association
would modulate the shift of attention. On each trial, two
colored squares were presented, one in a target color and
the other in a distractor color, each with an embedded
object. Participants searched for the target-colored square
and performed a corner discrimination task. The embedded
objects were from either a rewarded or non-rewarded
category, and if a rewarded-category object were present
within the target-colored square, participants could earn
extra money for correct performance. We observed that when
the target color contained an object from a rewarded versus
a non-rewarded category, the neural shift of attention to
the target was faster and of greater magnitude, although the
rewarded objects were not relevant for correct task
performance. These results suggest that reward associations
of complex objects can rapidly modulate attentional
allocation to a target.},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00917},
Key = {fds323870}
}
@article{UNKNOWN,
Author = {Donohue, SE and Todisco, AE and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {The rapid distraction of attentional resources toward the
source of incongruent stimulus input during multisensory
conflict.},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {25},
Number = {4},
Pages = {623-635},
Year = {2013},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23249355},
Keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation Adolescent Analysis of Variance
Attention/*physiology Brain/*physiology Brain Mapping
*Conflict (Psychology) Discrimination (Psychology)/*physiology
Electroencephalography Evoked Potentials/*physiology Female
Humans Male Photic Stimulation Reaction Time Young
Adult},
Abstract = {Neuroimaging work on multisensory conflict suggests that the
relevant modality receives enhanced processing in the face
of incongruency. However, the degree of stimulus processing
in the irrelevant modality and the temporal cascade of the
attentional modulations in either the relevant or irrelevant
modalities are unknown. Here, we employed an audiovisual
conflict paradigm with a sensory probe in the
task-irrelevant modality (vision) to gauge the attentional
allocation to that modality. ERPs were recorded as
participants attended to and discriminated spoken auditory
letters while ignoring simultaneous bilateral visual letter
stimuli that were either fully congruent, fully incongruent,
or partially incongruent (one side incongruent, one
congruent) with the auditory stimulation. Half of the
audiovisual letter stimuli were followed 500-700 msec later
by a bilateral visual probe stimulus. As expected, ERPs to
the audiovisual stimuli showed an incongruency ERP effect
(fully incongruent versus fully congruent) of an enhanced,
centrally distributed, negative-polarity wave starting
∼250 msec. More critically here, the sensory ERP
components to the visual probes were larger when they
followed fully incongruent versus fully congruent
multisensory stimuli, with these enhancements greatest on
fully incongruent trials with the slowest RTs. In addition,
on the slowest-response partially incongruent trials, the P2
sensory component to the visual probes was larger
contralateral to the preceding incongruent visual stimulus.
These data suggest that, in response to conflicting
multisensory stimulus input, the initial cognitive effect is
a capture of attention by the incongruent
irrelevant-modality input, pulling neural processing
resources toward that modality, resulting in rapid
enhancement, rather than rapid suppression, of that
input.},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00336},
Key = {UNKNOWN}
}
@article{Boehler2011,
Author = {Boehler, C. N. and Appelbaum, L. G. and Krebs, R. M. and Chen, L. C. and Woldorff, M. G.},
Title = {The role of stimulus salience and attentional capture across
the neural hierarchy in a stop-signal task},
Journal = {PLoS One},
Volume = {6},
Number = {10},
Pages = {e26386},
Address = {Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham,
North Carolina, United States of America.
c.n.boehler@gmail.com},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22022611},
Keywords = {Attention/*physiology • Behavior/physiology •
Brain/anatomy \& histology/physiology • Brain Mapping
• Female • Humans • Magnetic Resonance
Imaging • Male • Nerve Net/*physiology •
Physical Stimulation • *Task Performance and Analysis
• Young Adult},
Abstract = {Inhibitory motor control is a core function of cognitive
control. Evidence from diverse experimental approaches has
linked this function to a mostly right-lateralized network
of cortical and subcortical areas, wherein a signal from the
frontal cortex to the basal ganglia is believed to trigger
motor-response cancellation. Recently, however, it has been
recognized that in the context of typical motor-control
paradigms those processes related to actual response
inhibition and those related to the attentional processing
of the relevant stimuli are highly interrelated and thus
difficult to distinguish. Here, we used fMRI and a modified
Stop-signal task to specifically examine the role of
perceptual and attentional processes triggered by the
different stimuli in such tasks, thus seeking to further
distinguish other cognitive processes that may precede or
otherwise accompany the implementation of response
inhibition. In order to establish which brain areas respond
to sensory stimulation differences by rare Stop-stimuli, as
well as to the associated attentional capture that these may
trigger irrespective of their task-relevance, we compared
brain activity evoked by Stop-trials to that evoked by
Go-trials in task blocks where Stop-stimuli were to be
ignored. In addition, region-of-interest analyses comparing
the responses to these task-irrelevant Stop-trials, with
those to typical relevant Stop-trials, identified separable
activity profiles as a function of the task-relevance of the
Stop-signal. While occipital areas were mostly blind to the
task-relevance of Stop-stimuli, activity in temporo-parietal
areas dissociated between task-irrelevant and task-relevant
ones. Activity profiles in frontal areas, in turn, were
activated mainly by task-relevant Stop-trials, presumably
reflecting a combination of triggered top-down attentional
influences and inhibitory motor-control processes.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0026386},
Key = {Boehler2011}
}
@article{fds277500,
Author = {Boehler, CN and Appelbaum, LG and Krebs, RM and Chen, L-C and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {The role of stimulus salience and attentional capture across
the neural hierarchy in a stop-signal task.},
Journal = {Plos One},
Volume = {6},
Number = {10},
Pages = {e26386},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {1932-6203},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22022611},
Keywords = {Attention • Behavior • Brain • Brain Mapping
• Female • Humans • Magnetic Resonance
Imaging • Male • Nerve Net • Physical
Stimulation • Task Performance and Analysis* •
Young Adult • anatomy & histology • physiology
• physiology*},
Abstract = {Inhibitory motor control is a core function of cognitive
control. Evidence from diverse experimental approaches has
linked this function to a mostly right-lateralized network
of cortical and subcortical areas, wherein a signal from the
frontal cortex to the basal ganglia is believed to trigger
motor-response cancellation. Recently, however, it has been
recognized that in the context of typical motor-control
paradigms those processes related to actual response
inhibition and those related to the attentional processing
of the relevant stimuli are highly interrelated and thus
difficult to distinguish. Here, we used fMRI and a modified
Stop-signal task to specifically examine the role of
perceptual and attentional processes triggered by the
different stimuli in such tasks, thus seeking to further
distinguish other cognitive processes that may precede or
otherwise accompany the implementation of response
inhibition. In order to establish which brain areas respond
to sensory stimulation differences by rare Stop-stimuli, as
well as to the associated attentional capture that these may
trigger irrespective of their task-relevance, we compared
brain activity evoked by Stop-trials to that evoked by
Go-trials in task blocks where Stop-stimuli were to be
ignored. In addition, region-of-interest analyses comparing
the responses to these task-irrelevant Stop-trials, with
those to typical relevant Stop-trials, identified separable
activity profiles as a function of the task-relevance of the
Stop-signal. While occipital areas were mostly blind to the
task-relevance of Stop-stimuli, activity in temporo-parietal
areas dissociated between task-irrelevant and task-relevant
ones. Activity profiles in frontal areas, in turn, were
activated mainly by task-relevant Stop-trials, presumably
reflecting a combination of triggered top-down attentional
influences and inhibitory motor-control processes.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0026386},
Key = {fds277500}
}
@article{fds277510,
Author = {Krebs, RM and Schoenfeld, MA and Boehler, CN and Song, AW and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {The Saccadic Re-Centering Bias is Associated with Activity
Changes in the Human Superior Colliculus.},
Journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},
Volume = {4},
Pages = {193},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {1662-5161},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21103010},
Abstract = {Being able to effectively explore our visual world is of
fundamental importance, and it has been suggested that the
straight-ahead gaze (primary position) might play a special
role in this context. We employed fMRI in humans to
investigate how neural activity might be modulated for
saccades relative to this putative default position. Using
an endogenous cueing paradigm, saccade direction and orbital
starting position were systematically manipulated, resulting
in saccades toward primary position (centripetal) and away
from primary position (centrifugal) that were matched in
amplitude, directional predictability, as well as orbital
starting position. In accord with earlier research, we found
that fMRI activity in the superior colliculus (SC), as well
as in the frontal eye fields and the intraparietal sulcus,
was enhanced contralateral to saccade direction across all
saccade conditions. Furthermore, the SC exhibited a relative
activity decrease during re-centering relative to
centrifugal saccades, a pattern that was paralleled by
faster saccadic reaction times. In contrast, activity within
the cortical eye fields was not significantly modulated
during re-centering saccades as compared to other saccade
types, suggesting that the re-centering bias is
predominantly implemented at a subcortical rather than
cortical processing stage. Such a modulation might reflect a
special coding bias facilitating the return of gaze to a
default position in the gaze space in which retinotopic and
egocentric reference frames are aligned and from which the
visual world can be effectively explored.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2010.00193},
Key = {fds277510}
}
@article{fds277564,
Author = {Busse, L and Roberts, KC and Crist, RE and Weissman, DH and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {The spread of attention across modalities and space in a
multisensory object.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {102},
Number = {51},
Pages = {18751-18756},
Year = {2005},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16339900},
Keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation • Attention • Auditory
Perception • Brain • Evoked Potentials •
Humans • Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Photic
Stimulation • Visual Perception • physiology
• physiology*},
Abstract = {Attending to a stimulus is known to enhance the neural
responses to that stimulus. Recent experiments on visual
attention have shown that this modulation can have
object-based characteristics, such that, when certain parts
of a visual object are attended, other parts automatically
also receive enhanced processing. Here, we investigated
whether visual attention can modulate neural responses to
other components of a multisensory object defined by
synchronous, but spatially disparate, auditory and visual
stimuli. The audiovisual integration of such multisensory
stimuli typically leads to mislocalization of the sound
toward the visual stimulus (ventriloquism illusion). Using
event-related potentials and functional MRI, we found that
the brain's response to task-irrelevant sounds occurring
synchronously with a visual stimulus from a different
location was larger when that accompanying visual stimulus
was attended versus unattended. The event-related potential
effect consisted of sustained, frontally distributed, brain
activity that emerged relatively late in processing, an
effect resembling attention-related enhancements seen at
earlier latencies during intramodal auditory attention.
Moreover, the functional MRI data confirmed that the effect
included specific enhancement of activity in auditory
cortex. These findings indicate that attention to one
sensory modality can spread to encompass simultaneous
signals from another modality, even when they are
task-irrelevant and from a different location. This
cross-modal attentional spread appears to reflect an
object-based, late selection process wherein spatially
discrepant auditory stimulation is grouped with synchronous
attended visual input into a multisensory object, resulting
in the auditory information being pulled into the
attentional spotlight and bestowed with enhanced
processing.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0507704102},
Key = {fds277564}
}
@article{fds323353,
Author = {Gamble, ML and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {The Temporal Cascade of Neural Processes Underlying Target
Detection and Attentional Processing During Auditory
Search.},
Journal = {Cerebral Cortex},
Volume = {25},
Number = {9},
Pages = {2456-2465},
Year = {2015},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhu047},
Abstract = {The posterior visual event-related potential (ERP)
component, the N2pc, has been widely used to study
lateralized shifts of attention within visual arrays.
Recently, Gamble and Luck (2011) reported an auditory analog
of this activity (the fronto-central "N2ac"), reflecting the
lateralized focusing of attention toward a Target sound
among 2 simultaneous auditory stimuli. Here, we directed an
electrophysiological approach toward understanding auditory
Target search within a more complex auditory environment in
which rapidly occurring sounds were distributed across both
time and space. Trials consisted of ten 40-ms monaural
sounds rapidly presented to the 2 ears: 8 medium-pitch tones
and 2 deviant sounds (one high and one low). For each block,
one deviant type was designated as the Target, which
participants needed to identify within each trial to
discriminate its tonal quality. The extracted
electrophysiological results included a very early
enhancement, starting at approximately 50 ms, of a bilateral
negative-polarity auditory brain response to the designated
Target Deviant (compared with the Nontarget Deviant),
followed at approximately 130 ms by the N2ac activity
reflecting the lateralized focusing of attention toward that
Target. The results delineate the tightly orchestrated
sequence of neural processes underlying the detection of,
and focusing of attention toward, Target sounds in complex
auditory scenes.},
Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhu047},
Key = {fds323353}
}
@article{fds277517,
Author = {Appelbaum, LG and Liotti, M and Perez, R and Fox, SP and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {The temporal dynamics of implicit processing of non-letter,
letter, and word-forms in the human visual
cortex.},
Journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {56},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {1662-5161},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20046826},
Keywords = {Adult • Female • Humans • Magnetic Resonance
Imaging • Male • Saccades* • Superior
Colliculi • methods* • physiology*},
Abstract = {The decoding of visually presented line segments into
letters, and letters into words, is critical to fluent
reading abilities. Here we investigate the temporal dynamics
of visual orthographic processes, focusing specifically on
right hemisphere contributions and interactions between the
hemispheres involved in the implicit processing of visually
presented words, consonants, false fonts, and symbolic
strings. High-density EEG was recorded while participants
detected infrequent, simple, perceptual targets (dot
strings) embedded amongst a of character strings. Beginning
at 130 ms, orthographic and non-orthographic stimuli were
distinguished by a sequence of ERP effects over occipital
recording sites. These early latency occipital effects were
dominated by enhanced right-sided negative-polarity
activation for non-orthographic stimuli that peaked at
around 180 ms. This right-sided effect was followed by
bilateral positive occipital activity for false-fonts, but
not symbol strings. Moreover the size of components of this
later positive occipital wave was inversely correlated with
the right-sided ROcc180 wave, suggesting that subjects who
had larger early right-sided activation for non-orthographic
stimuli had less need for more extended bilateral (e.g.,
interhemispheric) processing of those stimuli shortly later.
Additional early (130-150 ms) negative-polarity activity
over left occipital cortex and longer-latency centrally
distributed responses (>300 ms) were present, likely
reflecting implicit activation of the previously reported
'visual-word-form' area and N400-related responses,
respectively. Collectively, these results provide a close
look at some relatively unexplored portions of the temporal
flow of information processing in the brain related to the
implicit processing of potentially linguistic information
and provide valuable information about the interactions
between hemispheres supporting visual orthographic
processing.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.3389/neuro.09.056.2009},
Key = {fds277517}
}
@article{Wu2011,
Author = {Wu, C. T. and Libertus, M. E. and Meyerhoff, K. L. and Woldorff, M. G.},
Title = {The temporal dynamics of object processing in visual cortex
during the transition from distributed to focused spatial
attention},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {23},
Number = {12},
Pages = {4094--105},
Address = {Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Box
90999, Durham, NC 27708, USA.},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21563884},
Keywords = {Adult • Attention/*physiology • Female •
Humans • Male • Middle Aged • Pattern
Recognition, Visual/*physiology • Photic
Stimulation/*methods • Reaction Time/*physiology •
Space Perception/*physiology • Visual
Cortex/*physiology • Young Adult},
Abstract = {Several major cognitive neuroscience models have posited
that focal spatial attention is required to integrate
different features of an object to form a coherent
perception of it within a complex visual scene. Although
many behavioral studies have supported this view, some have
suggested that complex perceptual discrimination can be
performed even with substantially reduced focal spatial
attention, calling into question the complexity of object
representation that can be achieved without focused spatial
attention. In the present study, we took a cognitive
neuroscience approach to this problem by recording
cognition-related brain activity both to help resolve the
questions about the role of focal spatial attention in
object categorization processes and to investigate the
underlying neural mechanisms, focusing particularly on the
temporal cascade of these attentional and perceptual
processes in visual cortex. More specifically, we recorded
electrical brain activity in humans engaged in a specially
designed cued visual search paradigm to probe the
object-related visual processing before and during the
transition from distributed to focal spatial attention. The
onset times of the color popout cueing information,
indicating where within an object array the subject was to
shift attention, was parametrically varied relative to the
presentation of the array (i.e., either occurring
simultaneously or being delayed by 50 or 100 msec). The
electrophysiological results demonstrate that some levels of
object-specific representation can be formed in parallel for
multiple items across the visual field under spatially
distributed attention, before focal spatial attention is
allocated to any of them. The object discrimination process
appears to be subsequently amplified as soon as focal
spatial attention is directed to a specific location and
object. This set of novel neurophysiological findings thus
provides important new insights on fundamental issues that
have been long-debated in cognitive neuroscience concerning
both object-related processing and the role of
attention.},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00045},
Key = {Wu2011}
}
@article{fds277509,
Author = {Wu, C-T and Libertus, ME and Meyerhoff, KL and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {The temporal dynamics of object processing in visual cortex
during the transition from distributed to focused spatial
attention.},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {23},
Number = {12},
Pages = {4094-4105},
Year = {2011},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1530-8898},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21563884},
Abstract = {Several major cognitive neuroscience models have posited
that focal spatial attention is required to integrate
different features of an object to form a coherent
perception of it within a complex visual scene. Although
many behavioral studies have supported this view, some have
suggested that complex perceptual discrimination can be
performed even with substantially reduced focal spatial
attention, calling into question the complexity of object
representation that can be achieved without focused spatial
attention. In the present study, we took a cognitive
neuroscience approach to this problem by recording
cognition-related brain activity both to help resolve the
questions about the role of focal spatial attention in
object categorization processes and to investigate the
underlying neural mechanisms, focusing particularly on the
temporal cascade of these attentional and perceptual
processes in visual cortex. More specifically, we recorded
electrical brain activity in humans engaged in a specially
designed cued visual search paradigm to probe the
object-related visual processing before and during the
transition from distributed to focal spatial attention. The
onset times of the color popout cueing information,
indicating where within an object array the subject was to
shift attention, was parametrically varied relative to the
presentation of the array (i.e., either occurring
simultaneously or being delayed by 50 or 100 msec). The
electrophysiological results demonstrate that some levels of
object-specific representation can be formed in parallel for
multiple items across the visual field under spatially
distributed attention, before focal spatial attention is
allocated to any of them. The object discrimination process
appears to be subsequently amplified as soon as focal
spatial attention is directed to a specific location and
object. This set of novel neurophysiological findings thus
provides important new insights on fundamental issues that
have been long-debated in cognitive neuroscience concerning
both object-related processing and the role of
attention.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00045},
Key = {fds277509}
}
@article{fds277481,
Author = {Woldorff, MG and Liotti, M and Seabolt, M and Busse, L and Lancaster,
JL and Fox, PT},
Title = {The temporal dynamics of the effects in occipital cortex of
visual-spatial selective attention.},
Journal = {Brain Research. Cognitive Brain Research},
Volume = {15},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-15},
Year = {2002},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0926-6410},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12433379},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Attention • Brain
Mapping • Electroencephalography • Evoked
Potentials, Visual • Functional Laterality •
Humans • Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Models,
Neurological • Occipital Lobe • Photic Stimulation
• Space Perception • Time Factors •
Tomography, Emission-Computed • Visual Fields •
Visual Perception • methods • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {The temporal dynamics of the effects of lateralized visual
selective attention within the lower visual field were
studied with the combined application of event-related
potentials (ERPs) and positron emission tomography (15O
PET). Bilateral stimuli were rapidly presented to the lower
visual field while subjects either passively viewed them or
covertly attended to a designated side to detect occasional
targets. Lateralized attention resulted in strongly enhanced
PET activity in contralateral dorsal occipital cortex, while
ERPs showed an enhanced positivity (P1 effect, 80-160 ms)
for all stimuli (both non-targets and targets) over
contralateral occipital scalp. Dipole modeling seeded by the
dorsal occipital PET foci yielded an excellent fit for the
peak P1 attention effect. However, more detailed ERP
modeling throughout the P1 latency window (90-160 ms)
suggested a spatial-temporal movement of the
attention-related enhancement that roughly paralleled the
shape of the dorsal occipital PET attention-related
activations-likely reflecting the sequential
attention-related enhancement of early visual cortical
areas. Lateralized spatial attention also resulted in a
longer-latency contralateral enhanced negativity (N2 effect,
230-280 ms) with a highly similar distribution to the
earlier P1 effect. Dipole modeling seeded by the same dorsal
occipital PET foci also yielded an excellent fit. This
pattern of results provides evidence for re-entrance of
attention-enhanced activation to the same retinotopically
organized region of dorsal extrastriate cortex. Finally,
target stimuli in the attended location elicited an
additional prolonged enhancement of the longer-latency
negativity over contralateral occipital cortex. The
combination of PET activation and dipole modeling suggested
contribution from a ventral-occipital generator to this
target-related activity.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/s0926-6410(02)00212-4},
Key = {fds277481}
}
@article{fds277457,
Author = {Woldorff, MG and Pridgen, SC and Liotti, M and Rao, S and Perez, R and Fox,
PT},
Title = {The verb generation task: The timing of activations},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {7},
Number = {4 PART II},
Pages = {S160},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(18)30993-5},
Doi = {10.1016/s1053-8119(18)30993-5},
Key = {fds277457}
}
@article{fds277566,
Author = {Grent-'t-Jong, T and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Timing and sequence of brain activity in top-down control of
visual-spatial attention.},
Journal = {Plos Biology},
Volume = {5},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e12},
Year = {2007},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1544-9173},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17199410},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Attention • Brain •
Cues • Electrophysiology • Female • Humans
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Male • Photic
Stimulation • Space Perception • Time Factors
• physiology*},
Abstract = {Recent brain imaging studies using functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) have implicated a frontal-parietal
network in the top-down control of attention. However,
little is known about the timing and sequence of activations
within this network. To investigate these timing questions,
we used event-related electrical brain potentials (ERPs) and
a specially designed visual-spatial attentional-cueing
paradigm, which were applied as part of a
multi-methodological approach that included a closely
corresponding event-related fMRI study using an identical
paradigm. In the first 400 ms post cue, attention-directing
and control cues elicited similar general cue-processing
activity, corresponding to the more lateral subregions of
the frontal-parietal network identified with the fMRI.
Following this, the attention-directing cues elicited a
sustained negative-polarity brain wave that was absent for
control cues. This activity could be linked to the more
medial frontal-parietal subregions similarly identified in
the fMRI as specifically involved in attentional orienting.
Critically, both the scalp ERPs and the fMRI-seeded source
modeling for this orienting-related activity indicated an
earlier onset of frontal versus parietal contribution (
approximately 400 versus approximately 700 ms). This was
then followed ( approximately 800-900 ms) by pretarget
biasing activity in the region-specific visual-sensory
occipital cortex. These results indicate an activation
sequence of key components of the attentional-control brain
network, providing insight into their functional roles. More
specifically, these results suggest that voluntary
attentional orienting is initiated by medial portions of
frontal cortex, which then recruit medial parietal areas.
Together, these areas then implement biasing of
region-specific visual-sensory cortex to facilitate the
processing of upcoming visual stimuli.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.0050012},
Key = {fds277566}
}
@article{fds277499,
Author = {Brannon, EM and Roussel, LW and Meck, WH and Woldorff,
M},
Title = {Timing in the baby brain.},
Journal = {Brain Research. Cognitive Brain Research},
Volume = {21},
Number = {2},
Pages = {227-233},
Year = {2004},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0926-6410},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15464354},
Keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation • Adolescent • Adult •
Age Factors • Brain • Brain Mapping* •
Electroencephalography • Evoked Potentials, Auditory
• Female • Humans • Infant • Male •
Time Factors • Time Perception • methods •
physiology* • radiation effects},
Abstract = {Ten-month-old infants and adults were tested in an auditory
oddball paradigm in which 50-ms tones were separated by 1500
ms (standard interval) and occasionally 500 ms (deviant
interval). Both infants and adults showed marked brain
responses to the tone that followed a deviant inter-stimulus
interval (ISI). Specifically, the timing-deviance
event-related-potential (ERP) difference waves (deviant-ISI
ERP minus standard-ISI ERP) yielded a significant,
fronto-centrally distributed, mismatch negativity (MMN) in
the latency range of 120-240 ms post-stimulus for infants
and 110-210 ms for adults. A robust, longer latency,
deviance-related positivity was also obtained for infants
(330-520 ms), with a much smaller and later deviance-related
positivity observed for adults (585-705 ms). These results
suggest that the 10-month-old infant brain has already
developed some of the same mechanisms as adults for
detecting deviations in the timing of stimulus
events.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.04.007},
Key = {fds277499}
}
@article{fds341036,
Author = {Truong, T-K and Roberts, KC and Woldorff, MG and Song,
AW},
Title = {Toward direct MRI of neuro-electro-magnetic oscillations in
the human brain.},
Journal = {Magn Reson Med},
Volume = {81},
Number = {6},
Pages = {3462-3475},
Year = {2019},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.27654},
Abstract = {PURPOSE: Neuroimaging techniques are widely used to
investigate the function of the human brain, but none are
currently able to accurately localize neuronal activity with
both high spatial and temporal specificity. Here, a new in
vivo MRI acquisition and analysis technique based on the
spin-lock mechanism is developed to noninvasively image
local magnetic field oscillations resulting from
neuroelectric activity in specifiable frequency bands.
METHODS: Simulations, phantom experiments, and in vivo
experiments using an eyes-open/eyes-closed task in 8 healthy
volunteers were performed to demonstrate its sensitivity and
specificity for detecting oscillatory neuroelectric activity
in the alpha-band (8-12 Hz). A comprehensive postprocessing
procedure was designed to enhance the neuroelectric signal,
while minimizing any residual hemodynamic and physiological
confounds. RESULTS: The phantom results show that this
technique can detect 0.06-nT magnetic field oscillations,
while the in vivo results demonstrate that it can image
task-based modulations of neuroelectric oscillatory activity
in the alpha-band. Multiple control experiments and a
comparison with conventional BOLD functional MRI suggest
that the activation was likely not due to any residual
hemodynamic or physiological confounds. CONCLUSION: These
initial results provide evidence suggesting that this new
technique has the potential to noninvasively and directly
image neuroelectric activity in the human brain in vivo.
With further development, this approach offers the promise
of being able to do so with a combination of spatial and
temporal specificity that is beyond what can be achieved
with existing neuroimaging methods, which can advance our
ability to study the functions and dysfunctions of the human
brain.},
Doi = {10.1002/mrm.27654},
Key = {fds341036}
}
@article{fds323868,
Author = {Demeter, E and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Transient Distraction and Attentional Control during a
Sustained Selective Attention Task.},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {28},
Number = {7},
Pages = {935-947},
Year = {2016},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00949},
Abstract = {Distracting stimuli in the environment can pull our
attention away from our goal-directed tasks. fMRI studies
have implicated regions in right frontal cortex as being
particularly important for processing distractors [e.g., de
Fockert, J. W., & Theeuwes, J. Role of frontal cortex in
attentional capture by singleton distractors. Brain and
Cognition, 80, 367-373, 2012; Demeter, E., Hernandez-Garcia,
L., Sarter, M., & Lustig, C. Challenges to attention: A
continuous arterial spin labeling (ASL) study of the effects
of distraction on sustained attention. Neuroimage, 54,
1518-1529, 2011]. Less is known, however, about the timing
and sequence of how right frontal or other brain regions
respond selectively to distractors and how distractors
impinge upon the cascade of processes related to detecting
and processing behaviorally relevant target stimuli. Here we
used EEG and ERPs to investigate the neural consequences of
a perceptually salient but task-irrelevant distractor on the
detection of rare target stimuli embedded in a rapid, serial
visual presentation (RSVP) stream. We found that distractors
that occur during the presentation of a target interfere
behaviorally with detection of those targets, reflected by
reduced detection rates, and that these missed targets show
a reduced amplitude of the long-latency, detection-related
P3 component. We also found that distractors elicited a
right-lateralized frontal negativity beginning at 100 msec,
whose amplitude negatively correlated across participants
with their distraction-related behavioral impairment.
Finally, we also quantified the instantaneous amplitude of
the steady-state visual evoked potentials elicited by the
RSVP stream and found that the occurrence of a distractor
resulted in a transient amplitude decrement of the
steady-state visual evoked potential, presumably reflecting
the pull of attention away from the RSVP stream when
distracting stimuli occur in the environment.},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00949},
Key = {fds323868}
}
@article{fds277482,
Author = {Schoenfeld, MA and Heinze, H-J and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Unmasking motion-processing activity in human brain area
V5/MT+ mediated by pathways that bypass primary visual
cortex.},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {17},
Number = {2},
Pages = {769-779},
Year = {2002},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1053-8119},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12377152},
Keywords = {Adult • Brain Mapping • Discrimination
(Psychology) • Electroencephalography •
Electrophysiology • Evoked Potentials, Visual •
Female • Humans • Magnetoencephalography •
Male • Motion Perception • Photic Stimulation
• Refractory Period, Electrophysiological • Visual
Cortex • Visual Pathways • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {Most models of the human visual system argue that
higher-order motion-processing cortical regions receive
their inputs only via the primary visual cortex (striate
cortex), rather than also via direct projections from the
thalamus that bypass primary visual cortex. However, recent
evidence in non-human primates, along with some evidence in
humans with damaged primary visual cortex (e.g.,
"blindsight" for motion in the blind visual hemifield), have
argued for the existence of a direct thalamic-to-extrastriate
projection for motion processing. This evidence remains
controversial. Here we tested the idea that direct thalamic
input to extrastriate motion processing areas exists in
humans but might be masked in scalp recordings by activity
from early visual areas. To do this, we employed stimuli
that induced strong refractory effects in primary visual
cortex--thereby creating a brief "reversable lesion" in
primary visual cortex--immediately before the presentation
of a motion stimulus. Under these conditions, we then
assessed whether motion areas of cortex were still able to
process the motion stimuli by recording event-related
potentials (ERPs) and event-related magnetic fields
(ERFs/MEG). We found robust motion-related activity in
extrastriate motion processing areas in the ERP and MEG
signals even when primary visual cortex was heavily
suppressed by our manipulation. This finding provides
evidence for a direct thalamic functional pathway to
extrastriate visual cortical motion processing areas in the
human that bypasses primary visual cortex.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/s1053-8119(02)91204-8},
Key = {fds277482}
}
@article{fds277429,
Author = {van den Berg, B and Krebs, RM and Lorist, MM and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Utilization of reward-prospect enhances preparatory
attention and reduces stimulus conflict.},
Journal = {Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci},
Volume = {14},
Number = {2},
Pages = {561-577},
Year = {2014},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1530-7026},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13415-014-0281-z},
Abstract = {The prospect of gaining money is an incentive widely at play
in the real world. Such monetary motivation might have
particularly strong influence when the cognitive system is
challenged, such as when needing to process conflicting
stimulus inputs. Here, we employed manipulations of
reward-prospect and attentional-preparation levels in a
cued-Stroop stimulus conflict task, along with the high
temporal resolution of electrical brain recordings, to
provide insight into the mechanisms by which reward-prospect
and attention interact and modulate cognitive task
performance. In this task, the cue indicated whether or not
the participant needed to prepare for an upcoming Stroop
stimulus and, if so, whether there was the potential for
monetary reward (dependent on performance on that trial).
Both cued attention and cued reward-prospect enhanced
preparatory neural activity, as reflected by increases in
the hallmark attention-related negative-polarity ERP slow
wave (contingent negative variation [CNV]) and reductions in
oscillatory Alpha activity, which was followed by enhanced
processing of the subsequent Stroop stimulus. In addition,
similar modulations of preparatory neural activity (larger
CNVs and reduced Alpha) predicted shorter versus longer
response times (RTs) to the subsequent target stimulus,
consistent with such modulations reflecting trial-to-trial
variations in attention. Particularly striking were the
individual differences in the utilization of reward-prospect
information. In particular, the size of the reward effects
on the preparatory neural activity correlated across
participants with the degree to which reward-prospect both
facilitated overall task performance (shorter RTs) and
reduced conflict-related behavioral interference. Thus, the
prospect of reward appears to recruit attentional
preparation circuits to enhance processing of task-relevant
target information.},
Doi = {10.3758/s13415-014-0281-z},
Key = {fds277429}
}
@article{fds277520,
Author = {Donohue, SE and Woldorff, MG and Mitroff, SR},
Title = {Video game players show more precise multisensory temporal
processing abilities.},
Journal = {Atten Percept Psychophys},
Volume = {72},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1120-1129},
Year = {2010},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1943-393X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20436205},
Keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation • Adult • Aptitude* •
Attention • Auditory Perception • Contrast
Sensitivity* • Differential Threshold •
Discrimination (Psychology) • Humans • Judgment*
• Learning • Male • Photic Stimulation •
Psychomotor Performance • Questionnaires • Space
Perception • Video Games* • Visual Perception
• methods* • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {Recent research has demonstrated enhanced visual attention
and visual perception in individuals with extensive
experience playing action video games. These benefits
manifest in several realms, but much remains unknown about
the ways in which video game experience alters perception
and cognition. In the present study, we examined whether
video game players' benefits generalize beyond vision to
multisensory processing by presenting auditory and visual
stimuli within a short temporal window to video game players
and non-video game players. Participants performed two
discrimination tasks, both of which revealed benefits for
video game players: In a simultaneity judgment task, video
game players were better able to distinguish whether simple
visual and auditory stimuli occurred at the same moment or
slightly offset in time, and in a temporal-order judgment
task, they revealed an enhanced ability to determine the
temporal sequence of multisensory stimuli. These results
suggest that people with extensive experience playing video
games display benefits that extend beyond the visual
modality to also impact multisensory processing.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.3758/APP.72.4.1120},
Key = {fds277520}
}
@article{fds323351,
Author = {van den Berg, B and Appelbaum, LG and Clark, K and Lorist, MM and Woldorff, MG},
Title = {Visual search performance is predicted by both prestimulus
and poststimulus electrical brain activity.},
Journal = {Scientific Reports},
Volume = {6},
Pages = {37718},
Year = {2016},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep37718},
Abstract = {An individual's performance on cognitive and perceptual
tasks varies considerably across time and circumstances. We
investigated neural mechanisms underlying such performance
variability using regression-based analyses to examine
trial-by-trial relationships between response times (RTs)
and different facets of electrical brain activity. Thirteen
participants trained five days on a color-popout
visual-search task, with EEG recorded on days one and five.
The task was to find a color-popout target ellipse in a
briefly presented array of ellipses and discriminate its
orientation. Later within a session, better preparatory
attention (reflected by less prestimulus Alpha-band
oscillatory activity) and better poststimulus early visual
responses (reflected by larger sensory N1 waves) correlated
with faster RTs. However, N1 amplitudes decreased by half
throughout each session, suggesting adoption of a more
efficient search strategy within a session. Additionally,
fast RTs were preceded by earlier and larger lateralized
N2pc waves, reflecting faster and stronger attentional
orienting to the targets. Finally, SPCN waves associated
with target-orientation discrimination were smaller for fast
RTs in the first but not the fifth session, suggesting
optimization with practice. Collectively, these results
delineate variations in visual search processes that change
over an experimental session, while also pointing to
cortical mechanisms underlying performance in visual
search.},
Doi = {10.1038/srep37718},
Key = {fds323351}
}
%% Papers Published
@article{fds205208,
Author = {MA Schoenfeld and M Woldorff and E Düzel and H Scheich and HJ Heinze and GR Mangun},
Title = {Form-from-motion: MEG evidence for time course and
processing sequence.},
Journal = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience},
Volume = {15},
Number = {2},
Pages = {157-72},
Year = {2003},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892903321208105},
Keywords = {Attention • Brain Mapping • Electrophysiology
• Evoked Potentials, Visual • Humans • Light
• Magnetoencephalography • Models, Neurological
• Motion Perception • Occipital Lobe •
Reaction Time • Signal Detection, Psychological •
Space Perception • Temporal Lobe • Visual Pathways
• Visual Perception • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {The neural mechanisms and role of attention in the
processing of visual form defined by luminance or motion
cues were studied using magnetoencephalography. Subjects
viewed bilateral stimuli composed of moving random dots and
were instructed to covertly attend to either left or right
hemifield stimuli in order to detect designated target
stimuli that required a response. To generate
form-from-motion (FFMo) stimuli, a subset of the dots could
begin to move coherently to create the appearance of a
simple form (e.g., square). In other blocks, to generate
form-from-luminance (FFLu) stimuli that served as a control,
a gray stimulus was presented superimposed on the randomly
moving dots. Neuromagnetic responses were observed to both
the FFLu and FFMo stimuli and localized to multiple visual
cortical stages of analysis. Early activity in low-level
visual cortical areas (striate/early extrastriate) did not
differ for FFLu versus FFMo stimuli, nor as a function of
spatial attention. Longer latency responses elicited by the
FFLu stimuli were localized to the ventral-lateral occipital
cortex (LO) and the inferior temporal cortex (IT). The FFMo
stimuli also generated activity in the LO and IT, but only
after first eliciting activity in the lateral occipital
cortical region corresponding to MT/V5, resulting in a 50-60
msec delay in activity. All of these late responses (MT/V5,
LO, and IT) were significantly modulated by spatial
attention, being greatly attenuated for ignored FFLu and
FFMo stimuli. These findings argue that processing of form
in IT that is defined by motion requires a serial processing
of information, first in the motion analysis pathway from V1
to MT/V5 and thereafter via the form analysis stream in the
ventral visual pathway to IT.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1162/089892903321208105},
Key = {fds205208}
}
@article{fds205214,
Author = {J Xiong and S Rao and P Jerabek and F Zamarripa and M Woldorff and J
Lancaster, PT Fox},
Title = {Intersubject variability in cortical activations during a
complex language task.},
Journal = {NeuroImage},
Volume = {12},
Number = {3},
Pages = {326-39},
Year = {2000},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1053-8119},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2000.0621},
Keywords = {Adult • Algorithms • Cerebral Cortex • Female
• Humans • Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
• Individuality • Language* • Magnetic
Resonance Imaging • Male • Middle Aged •
Psychomotor Performance • Speech • Speech
Perception • Tomography, Emission-Computed •
anatomy & histology • physiology • physiology*
• radionuclide imaging},
Abstract = {Intersubject variability in the functional organization of
the human brain has theoretical and practical importance for
basic and clinical neuroscience. In the present study,
positron emission tomography (PET) and anatomical magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) were used to study the functional
anatomy of language processes. Intersubject variability in
task-induced activations in six brain regions was assessed
in 20 normal subjects (10 men and 10 women) for frequency of
occurrence, location, intensity, and extent. A complex, but
well-studied task (overt verb generation) was compared to a
simple baseline (visual fixation) to induce activations in
brain areas serving perceptual, motoric, and cognitive
functions. The frequency of occurrence was high for all
selected brain areas (80-95%). The variability in response
location in Talairach space, expressed as the standard
deviation along each axis (x, y, z), ranged from 5.2 to 9.9
mm. This variability appears to be uniformly distributed
across the brain, uninfluenced by regional differences in
the complexity of gyral anatomy or mediated behavior. The
variability in response location, expressed as the average
Euclidean distances (averaged across subjects) about mean
locations of activations, varied from 9.40 to 13.36 mm and
had no significant differences by region (P>0.05, beta =
0.20). Intensity variability was also relatively small and
homogenous across brain regions. In contrast, response
extent was much more variable both across subjects and
across brain regions (0.79 to 1.77, coefficient of
variation). These findings are in good agreement with
previous PET studies of intersubject variability and bode
well for the possibility of using functional neuroimaging to
study neural plasticity subsequent to congenital and
acquired brain lesions.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1006/nimg.2000.0621},
Key = {fds205214}
}
@article{fds205200,
Author = {ME Libertus and EM Brannon and MG Woldorff},
Title = {Parallels in stimulus-driven oscillatory brain responses to
numerosity changes in adults and seven-month-old
infants.},
Journal = {Developmental neuropsychology},
Volume = {36},
Number = {6},
Pages = {651-67},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {1532-6942},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/87565641.2010.549883},
Keywords = {Adult • Biological Markers • Brain • Brain
Mapping • Electroencephalography • Female •
Functional Neuroimaging • Humans • Infant •
Linear Models • Male • Mathematical Concepts*
• Visual Perception • physiology •
physiology* • psychology},
Abstract = {Previous studies provide indirect evidence for an
ontogenetically continuous Approximate-Number System. We
employed a rapid steady-state visual-presentation paradigm
combined with electroencephalography to measure
stimulus-driven neural oscillatory responses to numerosities
in infants and adults. Steady-state repetition of the same
numerosity across a 2.4-sec time block yielded an increase
in the stimulus-locked neural entrainment in both groups.
Entrainment changes following a numerosity switch varied by
the ratio of the numerosities, consistent with Weber's Law.
These similarities thus provide direct evidence for an
ontogenetically continuous Approximate-Number System.
Moreover, the degree of neural entrainment significantly
predicted infants' number discrimination measured
behaviorally two months later.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1080/87565641.2010.549883},
Key = {fds205200}
}
%% Books
@book{fds180393,
Author = {D Purves and EM Brannon and R Cabeza and SA Huettel and KS Labar and ML
Platt and MG Woldorff},
Title = {Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience},
Publisher = {Sinauer},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds180393}
}
%% Chapters in Books
@misc{fds26283,
Author = {M.G. Woldorff},
Title = {Auditory Attention},
Pages = {50-52},
Booktitle = {The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences},
Publisher = {MIT Press: Cambridge, MA},
Editor = {Wilson, R. and Keil, F.},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds26283}
}
@misc{fds26282,
Author = {Talsma, D. and Woldorff, M.G.},
Title = {Methods for the estimation and removal of artifacts and
overlap in ERP waveforms.},
Pages = {115-148},
Booktitle = {Event-related Potentials: A Methods Handbook},
Publisher = {MIT Press},
Address = {Cambridge, MA},
Editor = {Handy, T.},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds26282}
}
%% Other
@misc{fds11636,
Author = {Baumgart, F. and Gaschler-Markefski, B. and Woldorff, M.G. and Heinze, H.J. and Scheich, H.},
Title = {"A Movement-Sensitive Area in Auditory Cortex"},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {400},
Pages = {724-726},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds11636}
}
@misc{fds11649,
Author = {Weissman, D.H. and Mangum, G.R. and Woldorff, M.G.},
Title = {"A Role for Top-Down Attentional Orienting during
Interference Between Global and Local Aspects of
Hierarchical Stimuli"},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {17},
Pages = {1266-1276},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds11649}
}
@misc{fds11638,
Author = {Liotti, M. and Woldorff, M.G. and Perez III and R., Mayberg and H.S.},
Title = {"An ERP Study of the Temporal Course of the Stroop
Color-Word Interference Effect"},
Journal = {Neuropsychologia},
Volume = {38},
Pages = {701-711},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds11638}
}
@misc{fds11672,
Author = {M.G. Woldorff and Busse, L.},
Title = {"Attention-Related Brain Mechanisms Underlying the
Auditory-Visual Perceptual Grouping during theVentriloquism
Effect"},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds11672}
}
@misc{fds11641,
Author = {Lancaster, J.L. and Woldorff, M.G. and Parsons, L.M. and Liotti, M. and Freitas, C.S. and Rainey, L. and Kochunov, P.V. and Nickerson, D. and Mikiten, S.A. and Fox, P.T.},
Title = {"Automated Talairach Atlas Labels for Functional Brain
Mapping"},
Journal = {Human Brain Mapping},
Volume = {10},
Pages = {120-131},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds11641}
}
@misc{fds11673,
Author = {Weissman, D.H. and Woldorff, M.G. and Mangum,
G.R.},
Title = {"Both Perceptual/Semantic Conflict and Response Conflict
Between Target and Distract Stimuli Activate Midline Frontal
Regions"},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds11673}
}
@misc{fds11666,
Author = {Liotti, M. and Kothmann, D.K. and Perez III and R., Woldorff and M.G.},
Title = {"Colocalization of Conflict Monitoring and Error Detection
in the Anterior Cingulate"},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds11666}
}
@misc{fds11671,
Author = {Giesbrechet, B. and Woldorff, M.G. and Mangum, G.R.},
Title = {"Cortical Consequences of Top-Down Control during Spatial
and NonSpatial Attention"},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds11671}
}
@misc{fds11642,
Author = {Hinrichs, H. and Scholz, M. and Tempelmann, C. and Woldorff, M.G. and Dale, A.M. and Heinze, H.J.},
Title = {"Deconvolution of Event-Related fMRI Responses in Fast Rate
Experimental Designs: Tracking Amplitude
Variations"},
Journal = {J. Cognitive Neuroscience},
Volume = {12},
Pages = {76-89},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds11642}
}
@misc{fds11646,
Author = {Noesselt, T. and Hillyard, S.A. and Woldorff, M.G. and Schoenfeld, A. and Hagner, T. and Jaencke, L. and Tempelmann, C. and Hinrichs, H. and Heinze, H.J.},
Title = {"Delayed Striate Cortical Activation During Spatial
Attention"},
Journal = {Neuron},
Volume = {35},
Pages = {575-587},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds11646}
}
@misc{fds11643,
Author = {Hopfinger, J.B. and Woldorff, M.G. and Fletcher, E.M. and Mangun, G.R.},
Title = {"Dissociating Top-Down Attentional Control from Selective
Perception and Action"},
Journal = {Neuropsychologia},
Volume = {39},
Pages = {1277-1291},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds11643}
}
@misc{fds11653,
Author = {Weissman, D.H. and Woldorff, M.G. and Hazlett, C.J. and Mangum, G.R.},
Title = {"Effects of Practice on Executive Control Investigated with
Event-Related fMRI"},
Journal = {Cognitive Brain Research},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds11653}
}
@misc{fds11670,
Author = {Weissman, D.H. and Woldorff, M.G.},
Title = {"Effects of Practice on Executive Control Investigated with
Event-Related fMRI"},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds11670}
}
@misc{fds11674,
Author = {Brannon, E. and Wolfe, L. and Meck, W. and Woldorff,
M.},
Title = {"Electrophysiological Correlates of Timing in Human
Infants"},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds11674}
}
@misc{fds11651,
Author = {Song, A.W. and Woldorff, M.G. and Gangstead, S. and Mangum, G.R. and McCarthy, G.},
Title = {"Enhanced Spatial Localization of Neuronal Activation using
Simultaneous Apparent-Diffusion-Coefficient and
Blood-Oxygenzation Functional MRI"},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {17},
Pages = {742-750},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds11651}
}
@misc{fds11658,
Author = {Jones, V.M. and Liotti, M. and Perez III and R., Thomas and C.C., Woldorff and M.G.},
Title = {"Episodic Encoding and Recognition of Object Pictures: Where
and When?"},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds11658}
}
@misc{fds11661,
Author = {Liotti, M. and Jones, V.M. and Perez III and Ricardo, Woldorff and M.G.},
Title = {"Event-Related Potential and RT Correlates of Verdical and
Illusory Recognition Memory for Familiar
Objects"},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds11661}
}
@misc{fds11637,
Author = {M.G. Woldorff and Matzke, M. and Zamarripa, F. and Fox, P.T.},
Title = {"Hemodynamic and Electrophysiological Study of the Role of
the Anterior Cingulate in Target-Related Processing and
Selection for Action"},
Journal = {Human Brain Mapping},
Volume = {82},
Pages = {121-127},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds11637}
}
@misc{fds11655,
Author = {Busse, L. and Woldorff, M.G.},
Title = {"Implications of the ERP Omitted Stimulus Response to
"No-Stim" Events in Fast-Rate Event-Related fMRI
Designs"},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds11655}
}
@misc{fds11668,
Author = {Busse, L. and Woldorff, M.G.},
Title = {"Implications of the ERP Omitted Stimulus Response to Null
Events in Fast-Rate Event-Related fMRI Designs"},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds11668}
}
@misc{fds11639,
Author = {Pliszka, S.R. and Liotti, M. and Woldorff, M.G.},
Title = {"Inhibitory Control in Children with ADHD: Event-Related
Potentials Identify the Processing Component and Timing of
an Impaired Right-Frontal Response Inhibition
Mechanism"},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {48},
Pages = {238-246},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds11639}
}
@misc{fds11662,
Author = {Mangum, G.R. and Hopfinger, J.B. and Woldorff, M.G. and Giebrecht, B.},
Title = {"Isolating the Neuronal Systems Underlying Attentional
Control during Spatial and Non-Spatial Attention with
Event-Related fMRI"},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds11662}
}
@misc{fds11634,
Author = {M.G. Woldorff and Tempelmann, C. and Fell, J. and Tegeler, C. and Gaschler-Markefski, B. and Hermann, H. and Heinze, H.J. and Scheich, H.},
Title = {"Lateralized Auditory Spatial Perception and the
Cotralaterality of Cortical Processing as Studied with
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and
Magnetoencephalo-Graphy"},
Journal = {Human Brain Mapping},
Volume = {7},
Pages = {49-66},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds11634}
}
@misc{fds11664,
Author = {Weissman, D.H. and Woldorff, M.G. and Mangum,
G.R.},
Title = {"Neural Correlates of Voluntary Orienting For Global Versus
Local Processing"},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds11664}
}
@misc{fds11669,
Author = {Hazlett, C. and Woldorff, M.G.},
Title = {"Planning Time but not Execution Time for the Voluntary
Shifting of Visual Spatial Attention is Dependent on Shift
Distance"},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds11669}
}
@misc{fds11656,
Author = {M.G. Woldorff and Perez, R. and Barker, A. and Liotti, M. and Fox, P.},
Title = {"Right Occipital ERP Effects for Symbol and False-Font
Strings Relative to Letter Strings"},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds11656}
}
@misc{fds11663,
Author = {M.G. Woldorff and Fichtenholtz, H.M. and Song, A.W. and Mangum,
G.R.},
Title = {"Separation of Cue- and Target-Related Processing in a
Fast-Rate Compound-Event Visual Attention Cueing
Paradigm"},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds11663}
}
@misc{fds11654,
Author = {Schoenfeld, M.A. and Nosselt, T. and Tempelmann, C. and Hopf, J.M. and Heinze, H.J. and Poggel, D. and Woldorff, M.G. and Hillyard, S.A.},
Title = {"Spatiotemporal Analysis of Cortical Pathways Mediating
Preserved Vision Following Lesions of the Striate
Cortex"},
Journal = {Annals of Neurology},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds11654}
}
@misc{fds11645,
Author = {Sanders, L.D. and Neville, H.J. and Woldorff,
M.G.},
Title = {"Speech Segmentation by Native and Non-Native Speakers: The
Use of Lexical, Syntactic, and Stress-Pattern
Cues"},
Journal = {Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing
Research},
Volume = {45},
Pages = {519-530},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds11645}
}
@misc{fds11650,
Author = {M.G. Woldorff and Liotti, M. and Seabolt, M. and Busse, L. and Lancaster, J.L. and Fox, P.T.},
Title = {"Temporal Dynamics of the Effects in Occipital Cotex of
Visual-Spatial Selective Attention"},
Journal = {Cognitive Brain Research},
Volume = {15},
Pages = {1-15},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds11650}
}
@misc{fds11659,
Author = {Schoenfeld, M.A. and Woldorff, M. and Mangum, G.R. and Heinze, H.J.},
Title = {"Timing and Processing of Form-From-Motion and
Form-From-Luminance in the Human Visual System"},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds11659}
}
@misc{fds11648,
Author = {Schoenfeld, M.A. and Heinze, H.J. and Woldorff, M.G.},
Title = {"Unmasking Motion-Processing Activity in Human Brain Area
V5/MT+ Mediated by Pathways Primary Visual
Cortex"},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {17},
Pages = {769-779},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds11648}
}
@misc{fds11665,
Author = {Schoenfeld, M.A. and Heinze, H.J. and Woldorff, M.G.},
Title = {"Unmasking Non-Striate Input Into Human Motion Area
V5"},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds11665}
}
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