Publications of Miriam K Ehrensaft    :chronological  alphabetical  combined listing:

%% Journal Articles   
@article{fds329143,
   Author = {Ehrensaft, MK and Westfall, HK and Niolon, PH and Lopez, T and Kamboukos, D and Huang, K-Y and Brotman, LM},
   Title = {Can a Parenting Intervention to Prevent Early Conduct
             Problems Interrupt Girls' Risk for Intimate Partner Violence
             10 Years Later?},
   Journal = {Prev Sci},
   Volume = {19},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {449-458},
   Year = {2018},
   Month = {May},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11121-017-0831-z},
   Abstract = {This study tests whether a parenting intervention for
             families of preschoolers at risk for conduct problems can
             prevent later risk for intimate partner violence (IPV).
             Ninety-nine preschoolers at familial risk for conduct
             problems were randomly assigned to intervention or control
             conditions. Ten years later, 45 preschoolers and 43 of their
             siblings completed an assessment of their romantic
             relationships, including measures of physical and
             psychological IPV. The study focuses on the 54 females,
             including targets (n = 27) and siblings (n = 27) who
             participated in a 10-year follow-up (M age = 16.5,
             SD = 5.2, range = 10-28). Using an intent-to-treat (ITT)
             design, multivariate regressions suggest that females from
             families randomly assigned to intervention in early
             childhood scored lower than those in the control condition
             on perceptions of dating violence as normative, beliefs
             about IPV prevalence, exposure to IPV in their own peer
             group, and expected sanction behaviors for IPV perpetration
             and victimization. Findings suggest that early parenting
             intervention may reduce association of high-risk females
             with aggressive peers and partners in adolescence.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s11121-017-0831-z},
   Key = {fds329143}
}

@article{fds319604,
   Author = {Ehrensaft, MK and Knous-Westfall, H and Cohen,
             P},
   Title = {Long-term influence of intimate partner violence and
             parenting practices on offspring trauma symptoms},
   Journal = {Psychology of Violence},
   Volume = {7},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {296-305},
   Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {April},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0040168},
   Abstract = {Objective: This study examined the prospective association
             of parental reports of intimate partner violence (IPV)
             involvement (perpetration and/or victimization) with
             offspring trauma symptoms an average of 6 years later and
             the moderating influence of positive and negative parenting.
             Method: The Children in the Community Study followed a
             representative sample of youth (Generation 2) and their
             parents (Generation 1) over 25 years, including their own
             offspring (Generation 3) in the final 2 of these 7
             assessments. The sample includes male (n = 92) and female (n
             = 151) original Generation 2 study members who completed
             measures of IPV and had children (Generation 3) by Wave 5
             (1999). Parents completed measures of parenting at Wave 6
             (2001-2004), and child's trauma symptoms at Wave 7
             (2006-08). Results: IPV predicted child trauma symptoms,
             controlling for demographic risks. For fathers, but not
             mothers, this association held when controlling for
             stressful life events and psychopathology. IPV predicted
             lower positive and higher negative parenting practices.
             Positive parenting moderated the association of IPV with
             child trauma symptoms. Conclusion: Childhood exposure to IPV
             between parents may increase the distal risk for trauma
             symptoms. IPV predicts more negative and less supportive
             parenting practices. Positive parenting may be protective,
             though perhaps not at extreme levels of IPV.},
   Doi = {10.1037/a0040168},
   Key = {fds319604}
}

@article{fds319603,
   Author = {Ehrensaft, MK and Knous-Westfall, HM and Alonso,
             TL},
   Title = {Web-Based Prevention of Parenting Difficulties in Young,
             Urban Mothers Enrolled in Post-Secondary
             Education.},
   Journal = {J Prim Prev},
   Volume = {37},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {527-542},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {December},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10935-016-0448-1},
   Abstract = {Research consistently indicates that young mothers are at
             elevated risk for adverse social and economic risks. Recent
             attention has been paid to the value of maternal educational
             attainment for their children's economic and social
             outcomes. Pursuit of post-secondary education requires
             mothers to balance multiple roles, potentially stressing the
             parent-child relationship. Yet, almost no studies have
             addressed parenting and associated stress in young mothers
             enrolled in post-secondary education, and no preventive
             intervention trials have been conducted. We screened young
             mothers (<25 years at child's birth) pursuing
             post-secondary education in an urban, inner city college for
             study inclusion based on elevated parenting stress, and
             participated in a randomized controlled trial to assess the
             efficacy of a web-based parenting intervention (Triple P
             Online) in reducing parenting stress and dysfunctional
             discipline (N = 52). Mothers were randomly assigned to the
             web-based parenting program condition or to a waitlist
             control condition. Mothers who completed at least the first
             four core modules of the online program had lower scores on
             the Parenting Scale's subscales (Overreactivity, Verbosity,
             and Laxness), compared to those who did not complete four or
             more modules. No intervention effects were obtained for
             parenting stress. The current study provides preliminary
             evidence of the efficacy of this online parenting program
             for reducing risk for dysfunctional discipline in student
             mothers. Future research is warranted to replicate these
             findings, and to test whether provision of supplemental
             support for implementation, or briefer program formats may
             promote both program compliance and outcomes related to
             reducing parenting stress.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10935-016-0448-1},
   Key = {fds319603}
}

@article{fds319605,
   Author = {Glass, N and Clough, A and Case, J and Hanson, G and Barnes-Hoyt, J and Waterbury, A and Alhusen, J and Ehrensaft, M and Grace, KT and Perrin,
             N},
   Title = {A safety app to respond to dating violence for college women
             and their friends: the MyPlan study randomized controlled
             trial protocol.},
   Journal = {Bmc Public Health},
   Volume = {15},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {871},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {September},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2191-6},
   Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Research demonstrates high rates of physical and
             sexual victimization of women by intimate partners on
             college campuses (Black et al. 2001). College women in
             abusive relationships must weigh complex factors (health,
             academics, economics, and social stigma) during critical
             decision-making regarding the relationship. Rather than
             access formal support systems (e.g., campus security,
             administrators, counselors), research indicates abused
             college women most often turn to informal networks;
             specifically friends (Perspect Psychiatr Care 41:162-171,
             2005), who often lack the knowledge or resources to provide
             effective support (Nurs Res 54(4):235-242, 2005). Decision
             aids have been shown to assist with health-related decisions
             by improving knowledge, creating realistic expectations, and
             resolving decisional conflict (Cochrane Database Syst Rev
             1:1-332, 2014). METHODS/DESIGN: This study is a randomized
             controlled trial testing the effectiveness of an interactive
             safety decision aid web-based and smartphone application
             (App) for abused college women and their friends. Three
             hundred female college students experiencing abuse and three
             hundred friends of female college students experiencing
             abuse will be recruited in Maryland and Oregon and
             randomized to either the intervention safety decision aid,
             accessible by website or smartphone App, or a usual safety
             planning control website/App. The intervention App allows
             users to enter information on: a) relationship health; b)
             safety priorities; and c) severity of violence/danger in
             relationship. The App uses this information to provide
             personalized safety planning information and resources.
             Self-reported outcome measures for abused college women on
             safety seeking behaviors, decisional conflict, IPV exposure
             and mental health will be collected at baseline, six, and
             12-months post-baseline via the study App/website. Outcomes
             measured for friends are IPV awareness, confidence to
             intervene, supportive behaviors and decisional conflict.
             Protocols for safely recruiting, retaining and collecting
             data from abused women via web/App are discussed.
             DISCUSSION: This trial may provide important information on
             the impact of an App and web-based safety planning tool on
             college women's decisional conflict and safety behavior use
             when making difficult safety decisions. This study is the
             first, to our knowledge, to test an intervention that
             engages friends of abused college women. The trial may also
             inform researchers on the feasibility of safely conducting
             research with abused women using online recruitment and
             enrollment methods and collecting data via an App or
             website. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov ID:
             NCT02236663.},
   Doi = {10.1186/s12889-015-2191-6},
   Key = {fds319605}
}

@article{fds319606,
   Author = {Ehrensaft, MK and Knous-Westfall, HM and Cohen, P and Chen,
             H},
   Title = {How does child abuse history influence parenting of the next
             generation?},
   Journal = {Psychology of Violence},
   Volume = {5},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {16-25},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0036080},
   Abstract = {Objective: This study examines the prospective association
             of childhood abuse (physical and/or sexual abuse) with
             subsequent parenting practices in adulthood. Method: The
             sample is drawn from the Children in the Community Study, a
             prospective longitudinal study of children's mental health
             development in a community sample of children followed for
             approximately 30 years. The study uses a multimethod,
             multiinformant design (self-report, parent report, and
             official records) incorporating data from 3 generations to
             examine the influence of childhood maltreatment on parenting
             practices at M age 33, and the mediating effects of
             adolescent conduct disorder at M age 15 and adult
             psychopathology at M age 22. Results: Sexual abuse predicted
             lower availability, time spent with the child, satisfaction
             with the child, and higher perceived ineffectiveness;
             physical abuse predicted higher perceived ineffectiveness;
             and dual abuse predicted lower availability and harsh
             discipline. Conduct disorder mediated the association of
             sexual abuse with satisfaction and dual abuse with
             availability, whereas generalized anxiety disorder mediated
             the association of sexual abuse with time spent with the
             child. Conclusions: These results suggest that some mothers
             and fathers with a history of child abuse may benefit from
             parenting interventions that address difficulties with
             emotional disengagement. Specific attention could be paid to
             assist these parents with emotional regulation strategies to
             maximize their emotional and physical engagement with their
             child, so as to increase their capacity for availability,
             time spent with the child, and parental self-efficacy.},
   Doi = {10.1037/a0036080},
   Key = {fds319606}
}

@article{fds319607,
   Author = {Knous-Westfall, HM and Ehrensaft, MK and Watson MacDonell and K and Cohen, P},
   Title = {Parental Intimate Partner Violence, Parenting Practices, and
             Adolescent Peer Bullying: A Prospective Study},
   Journal = {Journal of Child and Family Studies},
   Volume = {21},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {754-766},
   Publisher = {Springer Nature},
   Year = {2012},
   Month = {October},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-011-9528-2},
   Abstract = {Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been recognized as a
             major public health concern, with millions of children
             exposed to parental violence each year. Childhood exposure
             to parental violence has been linked to both maladaptive
             parenting practices and a host of adjustment difficulties in
             the exposed children. The Children in the Community Study
             followed a representative sample of youth, their parents,
             and their own offspring for over 25 years, in seven separate
             assessments. The current study examined the association
             between reports of IPV and parenting practices among
             original study members (Generation 2; N = 396) and their
             adolescent offspring's (Generation 3; N = 129, M age = 12. 8
             (2. 4), range = 10-18) reports of overt and relational
             bullying and victimization behaviors on average 6-7 years
             later. Results indicate that parental reports of any IPV
             predicted higher offspring overt peer victimization, while
             severe IPV predicted higher offspring relational peer
             bullying and overt peer victimization. For female offspring,
             any IPV predicted higher relational peer victimization and
             for male offspring, severe IPV predicted higher overt peer
             bullying. Parenting practices did not significantly mediate
             the association between IPV and peer bullying or
             victimization. Implications for prevention and directions
             for future research are discussed. © 2011 Springer
             Science+Business Media, LLC.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10826-011-9528-2},
   Key = {fds319607}
}

@article{fds319608,
   Author = {Ehrensaft, MK and Cohen, P},
   Title = {Contribution of family violence to the intergenerational
             transmission of externalizing behavior.},
   Journal = {Prev Sci},
   Volume = {13},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {370-383},
   Year = {2012},
   Month = {August},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11121-011-0223-8},
   Abstract = {Research finds that early antisocial behavior is a risk for
             later intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and
             victimization, and that children's exposure to their
             parents' IPV is a risk for subsequent behavior problems.
             This study tests whether intimate violence (IPV) between
             partners contributes independently to the intergenerational
             transmission of antisocial behavior, using the Children in
             the Community Study, a representative sample (N = 821)
             followed for over 25 years in 6 assessments. The present
             study includes a subsample of parents (N = 678) and
             their offspring (N = 396). We test the role of three
             mechanisms by which IPV may influence child antisocial
             behavior-parental psychopathology, parenting practices, and
             child self-regulation. Results suggest that IPV
             independently increased the risk for offspring externalizing
             problems, net of the effects of parental history of
             antisocial behavior and family violence. IPV also increased
             the risk for parental post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
             and alcohol use disorder 2 years later, but not for major
             depressive disorder. Alcohol use disorder independently
             increased the risk for offspring externalizing behavior, but
             IPV continued to predict offspring externalizing net of
             parental alcohol use. Parenting, particularly low
             satisfaction with the child, was significantly associated
             with both IPV and externalizing behavior, but did not
             mediate the effects of IPV on externalizing. IPV predicted
             higher levels of emotional expressivity, aggression and
             hostile reactivity, and depressive mood in offspring.
             Implications for future research and prevention are
             discussed.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s11121-011-0223-8},
   Key = {fds319608}
}

@article{fds319609,
   Author = {Camacho, K and Ehrensaft, MK and Cohen, P},
   Title = {Exposure to intimate partner violence, peer relations, and
             risk for internalizing behaviors: a prospective longitudinal
             study.},
   Journal = {J Interpers Violence},
   Volume = {27},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {125-141},
   Year = {2012},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260511416474},
   Abstract = {The present study examines the quality of peer relations as
             a mediator between exposure to IPV (intimate partner
             violence) and internalizing behaviors in a sample of 129
             preadolescents and adolescents (ages 10-18), who were
             interviewed via telephone as part of a multigenerational,
             prospective, longitudinal study. Relational victimization is
             also examined as a moderator of IPV exposure on
             internalizing behaviors. Results demonstrate a significant
             association of exposure to severe IPV and internalizing
             behaviors. Relational victimization is found to moderate the
             effects of exposure to severe IPV on internalizing
             behaviors. The present findings suggest that the effects of
             exposure to IPV had a particularly important effect on the
             risk for internalizing problems if the adolescent also
             experienced relational victimization. Conversely, the
             receipt of prosocial behaviors buffer against the effects of
             IPV exposure on internalizing symptoms in teen
             girls.},
   Doi = {10.1177/0886260511416474},
   Key = {fds319609}
}

@article{fds319610,
   Author = {Ehrensaft, MK and Knous-Westfall, HM and Cohen,
             P},
   Title = {Direct and indirect transmission of relationship functioning
             across generations.},
   Journal = {J Fam Psychol},
   Volume = {25},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {942-952},
   Year = {2011},
   Month = {December},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0025606},
   Abstract = {Relationship functioning is assumed to propagate across
             subsequent generations, but most studies have lacked
             appropriate methodologies to test this assumption
             prospectively. In a randomly selected sample of youth (N =
             821) followed prospectively for over 25 years across
             multiple generations, we examined the association of
             romantic engagement (i.e., emotional involvement and
             closeness) between parents with offspring romantic
             relationship quality. We tested two developmental pathways
             linking parents' romantic engagement with offspring adult
             romantic relationship quality, the first operating via
             parenting practices, and the second operating via adolescent
             depression. Parents' romantic engagement predicted offspring
             romantic relationship quality a mean of 17 years later, net
             age and socioeconomic status. Results supported a
             developmental pathway from parents' romantic engagement at
             offspring mean age 14, to parenting at offspring mean age
             16, to offspring socioemotional functioning at mean age 22,
             and offspring romantic relationship quality at mean age 33.
             However, the influence of parents' romantic engagement on
             offsprings' adult romantic relationship quality does not
             appear to operate via a pathway of adolescent depression.
             Implications for prevention are discussed.},
   Doi = {10.1037/a0025606},
   Key = {fds319610}
}

@article{fds319611,
   Author = {Jouriles, EN and McDonald, R and Rosenfield, D and Norwood, WD and Spiller, L and Stephens, N and Corbitt-Shindler, D and Ehrensaft,
             M},
   Title = {Improving parenting in families referred for child
             maltreatment: a randomized controlled trial examining
             effects of Project Support.},
   Journal = {J Fam Psychol},
   Volume = {24},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {328-338},
   Year = {2010},
   Month = {June},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0019281},
   Abstract = {Project Support is an intervention designed to decrease
             coercive patterns of aggressive discipline and increase
             positive parenting. This research evaluates Project Support
             in a sample of families reported to Children's Protective
             Services (CPS) for allegations of physical abuse or neglect;
             35 families with a child between 3- and 8-years-old
             participated. In all families, CPS allowed the children to
             remain in the family home while the family received
             services. Families were randomly assigned to receive either
             Project Support or services as usual, which were provided by
             CPS or CPS-contracted service providers. To evaluate
             intervention effects, a multimethod, multi-informant
             assessment strategy was used that included data from
             mothers' reports, direct observation of parents' behavior,
             and review of CPS records for re-referrals for child
             maltreatment. Families who received Project Support services
             showed greater decreases than families who received services
             as usual in the following areas: mothers' perceived
             inability to manage childrearing responsibilities, mothers'
             reports of harsh parenting, and observations of ineffective
             parenting practices. Only 5.9% of families in the Project
             Support condition had a subsequent referral to CPS for child
             maltreatment, compared with 27.7% of families in the
             comparison condition. The results suggest that Project
             Support may be a promising intervention for reducing child
             maltreatment among families in which it has
             occurred.},
   Doi = {10.1037/a0019281},
   Key = {fds319611}
}

@article{fds319612,
   Author = {Crawford, TN and Cohen, PR and Chen, H and Anglin, DM and Ehrensaft,
             M},
   Title = {Early maternal separation and the trajectory of borderline
             personality disorder symptoms.},
   Journal = {Dev Psychopathol},
   Volume = {21},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {1013-1030},
   Year = {2009},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579409000546},
   Abstract = {Extended maternal separations before age 5 were evaluated as
             a predictor of long-term risk for offspring borderline
             personality disorder (BPD) symptoms in longitudinal data
             from a large random community sample. Early separations from
             mother predicted elevations in BPD symptoms assessed
             repeatedly from early adolescence to middle adulthood. Early
             separations also predicted a slower than normal rate of
             decline in symptoms with age. Other theoretically grounded
             risks were examined and shown to predict elevated BPD
             symptoms over the developmental trajectory. Long-term
             effects of early separations were largely independent of
             childhood temperament, child abuse, maternal problems, and
             parenting risks. These data provide the first prospectively
             collected data on the developmental course of BPD symptoms
             and suggest a series of environmental and other influences
             on these very disabling problems.},
   Doi = {10.1017/S0954579409000546},
   Key = {fds319612}
}

@article{fds319613,
   Author = {Ehrensaft, MK},
   Title = {Intimate partner violence: Persistence of myths and
             implications for intervention},
   Journal = {Children and Youth Services Review},
   Volume = {30},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {276-286},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2008},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2007.10.005},
   Abstract = {Since the issue of intimate partner violence first
             penetrated the realm of academia and policy some 30 years
             ago, the public has responded with the creation of hundreds
             of treatment centers, policy groups, advocacy groups, and
             public health campaigns [Pleck, J.H. (1987). The
             contemporary man.In,M. Scher,M. Stevens, G. Good, & G.
             Eichenfield, (Eds). Handbook of counseling & psychotherapy
             with men. (pp. 16-27). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
             Publications]. Almost all such programs are based on the
             first set of theories that lifted the problem of IPVinto the
             public realm; these center on the role of patriarchal social
             norms in the etiology and maintenance of partner violence
             [Dobash,&Dobash, (1979).Violence against wives: The case
             against the patriarchy. NewYork: Free Press.;Walker, L.
             (1989). Psychology and violence against women. American
             Psychologist, 44(4), 695-702]. Yet, new data accumulating
             from numerous rigorously designed studies challenge existing
             theories, and are largely overlooked or discounted. This
             article reviews evidence that accumulating data countering
             the traditional theories is not penetrating the field in
             several critical arenas: 1) A developmental approach to
             partner violence is omitted from the field's mainstream
             lexicon; 2) The intersection of partner violence with other
             forms of family and non-family violence is underrepresented;
             3) Partner violence prevention programs have limited
             effects, because they do not integrate accumulating data on
             relevant risk factors (mental health, poverty, etc.),
             focusing instead on universal prevention and gender-based
             interventions. The article overviews a program of research
             using longitudinal research methods to test prevailing
             theories and assumptions about partner violence. We draw
             from this evidence to recommend new directions for IPV
             research, and urge dissemination of the most recent, and
             often controversial, basic research findings to
             practitioners and academics. © 2007 Published by Elsevier
             Ltd.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.childyouth.2007.10.005},
   Key = {fds319613}
}

@article{fds319614,
   Author = {Ehrensaft, MK and Cohen, P and Chen, H and Berenson,
             K},
   Title = {Developmental transitions in youth behavioral opposition and
             maternal beliefs in social ecological context},
   Journal = {Journal of Child and Family Studies},
   Volume = {16},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {577-588},
   Publisher = {Springer Nature},
   Year = {2007},
   Month = {August},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-006-9108-z},
   Abstract = {We investigated age-based changes in mothers' complaints
             about offspring behavioral opposition, and offspring reports
             of opposition in a prospective longitudinal design (N =
             821). Maternal complaints declined from pre-adolescence to
             early adulthood, but more slowly in low socioeconomic status
             (SES) and single-parent families. Mothers complained more
             about first- than later-born children, but showed no average
             differences for offspring gender, race, SES, or single
             parent status. Complaints covaried with youth-reported
             opposition, but effects involving SES, single-parent status,
             and birth order remained significant after opposition was
             controlled; this finding is interpreted to reflect social
             contextual differences in maternal beliefs. Youth opposition
             was stable to age 16, then decreased; higher levels were
             associated with earlier birth order and low SES among
             European-Americans. Our results have implications for
             parenting interventions, indicating that parents may benefit
             from education about the normative, gradual increase in
             concordance between their own expectations and their child's
             behavior from early to late adolescence. Further, parenting
             interventions may be strengthened by actively attending to
             social contextual factors that shape parental belief systems
             and values. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media,
             LLC.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10826-006-9108-z},
   Key = {fds319614}
}

@article{fds319615,
   Author = {Chen, H and Cohen, P and Kasen, S and Johnson, JG and Ehrensaft, M and Gordon, K},
   Title = {Predicting conflict within romantic relationships during the
             transition to adulthood},
   Journal = {Personal Relationships},
   Volume = {13},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {411-427},
   Publisher = {WILEY},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {December},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2006.00127.x},
   Abstract = {We conducted a retrospective study between 1997 and 2000
             with 200 participants in the Children in the Community Study
             at their mean age of 29 (range: 27-31 years). Participants
             completed detailed narrative interviews about their
             transition to adulthood and described monthly levels of
             partner conflict that had occurred between ages 17 and 27.
             Data from these interviews were used to investigate the
             developmental trajectory and predictors of conflict in
             romantic relationships. Multilevel growth models showed that
             partner conflict increased between ages 19 and 25 and then
             declined slightly. Parental divorce, low parental
             socioeconomic status, being an only child, being divorced,
             being married, cohabiting, and having biological offspring
             were associated with elevated partner conflict. Different
             patterns of association between these variables and partner
             conflict were observed in men and women. © 2006
             IARR.},
   Doi = {10.1111/j.1475-6811.2006.00127.x},
   Key = {fds319615}
}

@article{fds319616,
   Author = {Ehrensaft, MK and Cohen, P and Johnson, JG},
   Title = {Development of personality disorder symptoms and the risk
             for partner violence.},
   Journal = {Journal of Abnormal Psychology},
   Volume = {115},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {474-483},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {August},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.115.3.474},
   Abstract = {In a community sample (N = 543) followed over 20 years, the
             authors studied associations among childhood family violence
             exposure, personality disorder (PD) symptoms, and adult
             partner violence. PD symptoms (DSM-III-R Clusters A, B, and
             C) in early adulthood partially mediated the effect of
             earlier childhood risks on the odds of perpetrating partner
             violence. The authors tested whether stability of PD
             symptoms from adolescence to the early 20s differs for
             individuals who later perpetrated partner violence. Cluster
             A ("Odd/Eccentric") symptoms declined less with age among
             partner violent versus nonviolent men and women. Cluster B
             ("Dramatic/Erratic") symptoms were more stable through late
             adolescence in partner violent men, compared with nonviolent
             men and violent women. Cluster C ("Anxious") symptoms were
             most stable among partner violent men.},
   Doi = {10.1037/0021-843X.115.3.474},
   Key = {fds319616}
}

@article{fds319617,
   Author = {Ehrensaft, MK and Moffitt, TE and Caspi, A},
   Title = {Is domestic violence followed by an increased risk of
             psychiatric disorders among women but not among men? A
             longitudinal cohort study.},
   Journal = {The American Journal of Psychiatry},
   Volume = {163},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {885-892},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {May},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.2006.163.5.885},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The association between violence between intimate
             partners and psychiatric disorders is assumed to reflect a
             causal link. This assumption is now questioned because
             several longitudinal studies have documented that
             adolescents with psychiatric disorders grow up to be
             overrepresented among adults involved in partner violence.
             METHOD: The study followed a representative birth cohort
             prospectively. Adolescent mental disorders were diagnosed at
             age 18 years. Between ages 24 and 26 years, the authors
             identified individuals involved in nonabusive relationships
             versus those involved in clinically abusive relationships
             (i.e., resulting in injury and/or official intervention). At
             age 26 years, mental disorders were again diagnosed.
             RESULTS: Male and female adolescents with psychiatric
             disorders were at greatest risk of becoming involved in
             abusive adult relationships. After the authors controlled
             for earlier psychiatric history, women who were involved in
             abusive relationships, but not men, had an increased risk of
             adult psychiatric morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Psychiatric
             disorders pose risk for involvement in abusive relationships
             for both sexes; 2) partner abuse is a contributing source of
             psychiatric disorders among women but not among
             men.},
   Doi = {10.1176/ajp.2006.163.5.885},
   Key = {fds319617}
}

@article{fds319618,
   Author = {Johnson, JG and Cohen, P and Kasen, S and Ehrensaft, MK and Crawford,
             TN},
   Title = {Associations of parental personality disorders and axis I
             disorders with childrearing behavior.},
   Journal = {Psychiatry},
   Volume = {69},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {336-350},
   Year = {2006},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/psyc.2006.69.4.336},
   Abstract = {Data from the Children in the Community Study, a
             community-based longitudinal investigation, were used to
             investigate the associations of parental anxiety,
             depressive, substance use, and personality disorders with
             parental child rearing behavior. Comprehensive psychosocial
             interviews, including assessments of child rearing, were
             conducted with 224 women and 153 men (mean age = 33 years;
             mean off- spring age = 8 years). Findings indicated that
             parental personality disorders were associated with parental
             possessiveness, inconsistent parental discipline, low
             parental communication, and low parental praise and
             encouragement. These associations remained significant when
             parental gender, offspring gender, and co-occurring parental
             disorders were controlled statistically. Parental anxiety
             disorders were independently associated with parental
             possessiveness. Parents with personality disorders were
             substantially more likely than parents without personality
             disorders to report engaging in multiple problematic child
             rearing behaviors. This association was not moderated by
             co-occurring parental disorders. These findings suggest that
             the presence of a parental personality disorder may be
             associated with an elevated likelihood of problematic
             parenting behavior during the child rearing
             years.},
   Doi = {10.1521/psyc.2006.69.4.336},
   Key = {fds319618}
}

@article{fds319619,
   Author = {Ehrensaft, MK},
   Title = {Interpersonal relationships and sex differences in the
             development of conduct problems.},
   Journal = {Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review},
   Volume = {8},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {39-63},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {March},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10567-005-2341-y},
   Abstract = {This article investigates the role of interpersonal
             relationships in shaping sex differences in the
             manifestation, etiology, and developmental course of conduct
             problems and their treatment needs. The review examines
             whether: (1) Girls' conduct problems are more likely than
             boys' to manifest as a function of disrupted relationships
             with caretakers and peers; (2) For girls more than for boys,
             the outcomes of conduct problems in adolescence and
             adulthood, and related treatment needs, are more likely to
             be a consequence of the quality of interpersonal
             relationships with others, particularly opposite-sex peers
             and partners. Evidence reviewed suggests that boys and girls
             share many similarities in their expression of conduct
             problems, but that a relational perspective does unify
             important differences. There is fair evidence that girls
             with conduct problems are more likely to come to the
             attention of authorities because of chaotic, unstable family
             relationships, and to express antisocial behavior in the
             context of close relationships; there is stronger evidence
             that the course and outcomes of conduct problems in females
             versus males pertain to interpersonal relationship
             impairments. Those sex differences map onto specific
             differences in treatment needs. Further empirical testing of
             the proposed relational model is indicated.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10567-005-2341-y},
   Key = {fds319619}
}

@article{fds319620,
   Author = {Ehrensaft, MK and Moffitt, TE and Caspi, A},
   Title = {Clinically abusive relationships in an unselected birth
             cohort: men's and women's participation and developmental
             antecedents.},
   Journal = {Journal of Abnormal Psychology},
   Volume = {113},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {258-270},
   Year = {2004},
   Month = {May},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.113.2.258},
   Abstract = {In an unselected birth cohort (N=980, age 24-26 years),
             individuals in abusive relationships causing injury and/or
             official intervention (9% prevalence) were compared with
             participants reporting physical abuse without clinical
             consequences and with control participants who reported no
             abuse, on current characteristics and prospective
             developmental risks. In nonclinically abusive relationships,
             perpetrators were primarily women. In clinically abusive
             relationships, men and women used physical abuse, although
             more women needed medical treatment for injury. Women in
             clinically abusive relationships had childhood family
             adversity, adolescent conduct problems, and aggressive
             personality; men had disinhibitory psychopathology since
             childhood and extensive personality deviance. These findings
             counter the hibitory assumption that if clinical abuse was
             ascertained in epidemiological samples, it would be
             primarily man-to-woman, explained by patriarchy rather than
             psychopathology.},
   Doi = {10.1037/0021-843X.113.2.258},
   Key = {fds319620}
}

@article{fds319621,
   Author = {Ehrensaft, MK and Cohen, P and Brown, J and Smailes, E and Chen, H and Johnson, JG},
   Title = {Intergenerational transmission of partner violence: a
             20-year prospective study.},
   Journal = {Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology},
   Volume = {71},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {741-753},
   Year = {2003},
   Month = {August},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.71.4.741},
   Abstract = {An unselected sample of 543 children was followed over 20
             years to test the independent effects of parenting, exposure
             to domestic violence between parents (ETDV), maltreatment,
             adolescent disruptive behavior disorders, and emerging adult
             substance abuse disorders (SUDs) on the risk of violence to
             and from an adult partner. Conduct disorder (CD) was the
             strongest risk for perpetrating partner violence for both
             sexes, followed by ETDV, and power assertive punishment. The
             effect of child abuse was attributable to these 3 risks.
             ETDV conferred the greatest risk of receiving partner
             violence; CD increased the odds of receiving partner
             violence but did not mediate this effect. Child physical
             abuse and CD in adolescence were strong independent risks
             for injury to a partner. SUD mediated the effect of
             adolescent CD on injury to a partner but not on injury by a
             partner. Prevention implications are highlighted.},
   Doi = {10.1037/0022-006x.71.4.741},
   Key = {fds319621}
}

@article{fds319622,
   Author = {Ehrensaft, MK and Wasserman, GA and Verdelli, L and Greenwald, S and Miller, LS and Davies, M},
   Title = {Maternal antisocial behavior, parenting practices, and
             behavior problems in boys at risk for antisocial
             behavior},
   Journal = {Journal of Child and Family Studies},
   Volume = {12},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {27-40},
   Year = {2003},
   Month = {March},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021302024583},
   Abstract = {We investigated the independent contributions of maternal
             history of antisocial behavior and parenting practices to
             the worsening course of sons' behavior problems in a sample
             of young urban boys at risk for antisocial behavior. Mothers
             reported on boys' behavior problems at baseline and one year
             later, as well as on their own history of antisocial
             behavior before and after age 15, and of lifetime depression
             and substance use disorders (provisional DSM-III-R
             diagnoses). Baseline reports of parenting practices were
             obtained. Lower involvement, lower monitoring, and higher
             levels of parent-child conflict and maternal Conduct
             Disorder (CD) before age 15 contributed to the worsening of
             boys' behavior problems one year later; mothers' symptoms of
             Antisocial Personality Disorder after age 15 did not.
             Mothers' lifetime history of Major Depression and Substance
             Use Disorder did not add to the worsening of boys' behavior
             problems after accounting for these other factors. Although
             maternal CD contributed directly to the worsening of boys'
             behavior problems, the effect of parenting was more
             substantial. We discuss clinical implications for prevention
             and treatment of children's antisocial behavior, and
             intergenerational implications of girls' early antisocial
             behavior.},
   Doi = {10.1023/A:1021302024583},
   Key = {fds319622}
}

@article{fds319623,
   Author = {Heyman, RE and Feldbau-Kohn, SR and Ehrensaft, MK and Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J and O'Leary, KD},
   Title = {Can questionnaire reports correctly classify relationship
             distress and partner physical abuse?},
   Journal = {Journal of Family Psychology : Jfp : Journal of the Division
             of Family Psychology of the American Psychological
             Association (Division 43)},
   Volume = {15},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {334-346},
   Year = {2001},
   Month = {June},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0893-3200.15.2.334},
   Abstract = {Relationship adjustment (e.g., Dyadic Adjustment Scale; DAS)
             and physical aggression (e.g., Conflict Tactics Scale)
             measures are used both as screening tools and as the sole
             criterion for classification. This study created face valid
             diagnostic interviews for relationship distress and physical
             abuse, through which one could compare preliminarily the
             classification properties of questionnaire reports. The DAS
             (and a global measure of relationship satisfaction) had
             modest agreement with a structured diagnostic interview;
             both questionnaires tended to overdiagnose distress compared
             with the interview. Results for partner abuse reiterated the
             need to go beyond occurrence of aggression as the sole
             diagnostic criterion, because men's aggression was more
             likely than women's to rise to the level of "abuse" when
             diagnostic criteria (injury or substantial fear) were
             applied.},
   Doi = {10.1037//0893-3200.15.2.334},
   Key = {fds319623}
}

@article{fds319624,
   Author = {Ehrensaft, MK and Vivian, D},
   Title = {Is partner aggression related to appraisals of coercive
             control by a partner?},
   Journal = {Journal of Family Violence},
   Volume = {14},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {251-266},
   Year = {1999},
   Month = {September},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022862332595},
   Abstract = {Research and clinical reports on men who are aggressive
             towards their intimate partners find that these men tend to
             behave in highly controlling ways towards such partners
             (e.g., restricting their social interactions, monitoring of
             activities, and reducing decision-making power). This study
             tests the hypothesis that men and women in violent dating
             relationships appraise such behaviors differently than
             individuals in nonviolent relationships. Based on clinical
             and empirical partner abuse literature, 119 college students
             rated the extent to which they perceived hypothetical
             behaviors towards a partner as 'controlling.' Results
             suggest that individuals who had either engaged in or
             received partner aggression appraised restrictive,
             domineering, and coercive behaviors from a male to a female
             partner, and from a female to a male partner as less
             controlling than individuals who had neither perpetrated nor
             received partner aggression. Men also viewed those behaviors
             as less controlling than did women. Generalizability,
             clinical implications, and directions for future research
             are discussed.},
   Doi = {10.1023/A:1022862332595},
   Key = {fds319624}
}

@article{fds319625,
   Author = {Ehrensaft, MK and Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J and Heyman, RE and O'Leary, KD and Lawrence, E},
   Title = {Feeling controlled in marriage: A phenomenon specific to
             physically aggressive couples?},
   Journal = {Journal of Family Psychology : Jfp : Journal of the Division
             of Family Psychology of the American Psychological
             Association (Division 43)},
   Volume = {13},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {20-32},
   Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
   Year = {1999},
   Month = {March},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.13.1.20},
   Abstract = {Spouses in maritally happy nonaggressive (H; n = 21),
             distressed nonaggressive (DNA; n = 16), and distressed
             aggressive (DA; n = 20) marriages were interviewed about
             their perceptions of their spouse as controlling. Four areas
             of spousal control were assesed: involvement in decision
             making, relationships with family and friends, freedom to
             plan activities independently, and sense of competence and
             self-respect. Overall, as expected, spouses in happy
             marriages reported feeling less controlled than spouses in
             the 2 distressed groups. Few gender differences were
             obtained, with the exception that wives in aggressive
             marriages were more likely to report that their husbands
             controlled their sense of competence and self-respect.
             Differences between the DA and DNA groups depended on the
             specific area of control. Wives in the aggressive couples
             were significantly more likely than their husbands to state
             that their spouse's aggression was an attempt to control
             them.},
   Doi = {10.1037/0893-3200.13.1.20},
   Key = {fds319625}
}

@article{fds319626,
   Author = {Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J and Schlee, KA and Monson, CM and Ehrensaft, M and Heyman, R},
   Title = {What's love got to do with it?: Perceptions of marital
             positivity in H-to-W aggressive, distressed, and happy
             marriages},
   Journal = {Journal of Family Violence},
   Volume = {13},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {197-212},
   Year = {1998},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022897708296},
   Abstract = {Husbands' and wives' perceptions of positive relationship
             behaviors and interactions (e.g., caring gestures, reasons
             for staying married, frequency of positive communication)
             were assessed in a sample of maritally happy (H), maritally
             distressed but non-aggressive (D/NA), and maritally
             distressed and husband-to-wife physically aggressive
             (D/H-to-W) couples. As expected, the relationship positivity
             reports of the two groups of maritally distressed couples
             differed from the happily married couples. In addition,
             D/H-to- W spouses gave different reasons for staying married
             than did D/NA spouses (i.e., love versus family roles and
             commitments). Spouses in D/H-to-W aggressive marriages were
             also less likely to report using intimate language with
             their partner than were spouses in either of the other two
             groups. Few gender differences were found. Results
             underscore the importance of considering the role of love
             and intimacy in husband-to-wife aggressive and distressed
             marriages.},
   Doi = {10.1023/A:1022897708296},
   Key = {fds319626}
}

@article{fds319627,
   Author = {Pan, HS and Ehrensaft, MK and Heyman, RE and O'Leary, KD and Schwartz,
             R},
   Title = {Evaluating domestic partner abuse in a family practice
             clinic.},
   Journal = {Family Medicine},
   Volume = {29},
   Number = {7},
   Pages = {492-495},
   Year = {1997},
   Abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although national surveys
             indicate that approximately 2 million women are victims of
             severe physical aggression by their partners each year,
             these women are underidentified by physicians. The
             assessment by medical personnel of partner abuse is hampered
             by lack of a simple and reliable instrument that
             systematically and quickly determines the occurrence and
             effect of abuse among patients. METHODS: Ninety (58% of an
             eligible pool) consecutive, consenting, eligible female
             patients at a suburban family practice clinic at a tertiary
             university hospital completed the Partner Abuse Interview to
             evaluate the 1-year prevalence and effect of abuse. RESULTS:
             The Partner Abuse Interview required as little as 3 minutes
             to administer. Results obtained with the interview
             instrument were internally consistent. Interrater
             reliability was high for the diagnosis of partner
             relationship problems with physical abuse by males, as
             reported by females. Approximately 15% of the women reported
             having sustained injury or being fearful of their partners
             as a result of their partners' physical aggression in the
             past year. CONCLUSIONS: The Partner Abuse Interview is a
             simple and reliable instrument that could be adapted for use
             by medical personnel to assess incidents of abuse among
             patients.},
   Key = {fds319627}
}

@article{fds319629,
   Author = {Ehrensaft, MK and Vivian, D},
   Title = {Spouses' reasons for not reporting existing marital
             aggression as a marital problem},
   Journal = {Journal of Family Psychology : Jfp : Journal of the Division
             of Family Psychology of the American Psychological
             Association (Division 43)},
   Volume = {10},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {443-453},
   Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
   Year = {1996},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.10.4.443},
   Abstract = {Questionnaires and clinical interviews reveal that over 60%
             of couples seeking marital therapy experience physical
             violence in their relationship. However, fewer than 10% of
             these couples spontaneously report or identify the violence
             as a presenting problem. Spouses' explanations for not
             spontaneously reporting couple violence were examined in 136
             clinic couples. The top 3 reasons were as follows: (a) It is
             not a problem, (b) it is unstable or infrequent, and (c) it
             is secondary to or caused by other problems. There were no
             gender differences in this regard. Further, there were no
             differences regarding explanations offered for failure to
             report partner violence versus own violence. However,
             differences were found between mildly and severely
             aggressive spouses and between husband-to-wife and
             wife-to-husband violence.},
   Doi = {10.1037/0893-3200.10.4.443},
   Key = {fds319629}
}

@article{fds319630,
   Author = {Ehrensaft, MK and Condra, M and Morales, A and Heaton,
             J},
   Title = {Communication patterns in patients with erectile dysfunction
             and their partners.},
   Journal = {International Journal of Impotence Research},
   Volume = {6},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {25-32},
   Year = {1994},
   Month = {March},
   Abstract = {Patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) and their partners
             (n = 18) were compared on perceived distress caused by the
             ED, attribution of responsibility for the ED and marital
             communication. Comparisons were also made between couples in
             whom the ED was organically based versus those in whom it
             was psychogenically based. No differences were found between
             organic versus psychogenic ED couples on perceived distress,
             attributions, or marital communication skills. Patients and
             partners differed on communication (P < 0.001), attributions
             (P < 0.001) and perceptions of distress experienced by their
             spouse (P < 0.001). However, both members of the couple
             found the ED equally distressing. Partners tended to
             attribute more responsibility for the ED to themselves when
             they believed it was psychogenic (P < 0.001), while patients
             claimed sole responsibility regardless of their perceptions
             of its etiology. Patients had clinically problematic
             communication scores (P < 0.001), while partners did not.
             Contrary to initial hypotheses, communication scores did not
             predict agreement/disagreement between patients and partners
             on perceived etiology, attributions or distress. Discussion
             is focused on the need for therapy to address couples'
             communication specific to sexual activity and the effects of
             the ED.},
   Key = {fds319630}
}


%% Chapters in Books   
@misc{fds370916,
   Author = {Ehrensaft, MK and Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J},
   Title = {Intergenerational Transmission of Intimate Partner Violence:
             Summary and Current Research on Processes of
             Transmission},
   Pages = {2485-2509},
   Booktitle = {Handbook of Interpersonal Violence and Abuse Across the
             Lifespan: A Project of the National Partnership to End
             Interpersonal Violence Across the Lifespan
             (NPEIV)},
   Year = {2021},
   Month = {January},
   ISBN = {9783319899985},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89999-2_152},
   Abstract = {Intergenerational transmission of violence is among the most
             widely cited models for the observed pattern of intimate
             partner violence (IPV) concentrated across generations of
             at-risk families. According to this model, which was
             initially grounded in social learning theory, children who
             grow up in families where they are exposed to violence
             between parents and caregivers are at increased risk of
             perpetrating or experiencing intimate partner violence in
             their own adult relationships. This chapter begins with a
             summary of current evidence for the intergenerational
             transmission of IPV (IGTIPV), followed by a review of
             original and novel theoretical frameworks thought to inform
             the transmission process. Extending beyond
             imitation/modeling as the main route of transmission, three
             additional mechanisms which may underlie IPV transmission
             were identified via a review of recently published studies.
             Preliminary evidence and ongoing research related to each of
             these potential mechanisms is summarized. These mechanisms
             are: the impact of perinatal exposure to trauma, a
             consideration of the neurobiological mechanisms of
             transmission, and the role of developmental psychopathology
             in the transmission process. The chapter concludes with a
             discussion of directions for future research and
             implications for intimate partner and family violence
             prevention efforts that focus on multiple generations or on
             intervening in early childhood.},
   Doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-89999-2_152},
   Key = {fds370916}
}