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| Publications of David J. Madden :chronological alphabetical combined listing:
%% Journal Articles
@article{fds346503,
Author = {Cunha, PP and Zhuang, J and Wright, JP and Madden, DJ and Potter, GG and Allen, K and Lad, E and Cousins, SW and Whitson, H},
Title = {Discrepancy between self-reported vision and visual acuity
in patients with age-related macular degeneration.},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY},
Volume = {66},
Pages = {S315-S315},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds346503}
}
@article{fds274816,
Author = {Johnson, MA and Diaz, MT and Madden, DJ},
Title = {DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING (DTI) OF CEREBRAL WHITE MATTER
INTEGRITY: GLOBAL VERSUS TRACT-SPECIFIC EFFECTS AND
MEDIATION OF AGE-RELATED SLOWING},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE},
Pages = {222-222},
Publisher = {MIT PRESS},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000317030501234&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds274816}
}
@article{fds274817,
Author = {Diaz, MT and Johnson, MA and Pecoraro, A and Burke, DM and Madden,
DJ},
Title = {FUNCTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN
PHONOLOGICAL AND SEMANTIC PROCESSES UNDER DISTRACTING
CONDITIONS},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE},
Pages = {223-223},
Publisher = {MIT PRESS},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000317030501236&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds274817}
}
@article{fds274828,
Author = {Bucur, B and Madden, DJ and Spaniol, J and Provenzale, JM and White, LE and Cabeza, R and Huettel, SA},
Title = {Age-related decreases in cerebral white matter integrity:
Implications for episodic and semantic retrieval
processes},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE},
Pages = {234-234},
Publisher = {M I T PRESS},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000227878701400&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds274828}
}
@article{fds39061,
Author = {Madden DJ and Langley LK and Denny LL and Turkington TG and Provenzale
JM, Hawk TC and Coleman RE},
Title = {Adult age differences in visual word identification:
functional neuroanatomy by positron emission
tomography},
Journal = {Brain Cogn.},
Volume = {49},
Number = {3},
Pages = {297-321},
Year = {2002},
Month = {August},
Key = {fds39061}
}
@article{fds39063,
Author = {Madden, DJ},
Title = {Speed and timing of behavioral processes},
Series = {5th},
Pages = {288-312},
Booktitle = {Handbook of the psychology of aging},
Publisher = {San Diego: Academic Press},
Editor = {J. E. Birren and K. W. Schaie},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds39063}
}
@article{fds274827,
Author = {MADDEN, DJ},
Title = {AGING AND THE ATTENTIONAL CAPACITY DEMANDS OF
VISUAL-SEARCH},
Journal = {GERONTOLOGIST},
Volume = {25},
Pages = {230-230},
Publisher = {GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER},
Year = {1985},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0016-9013},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1985ASJ8800791&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds274827}
}
@article{fds274822,
Author = {MADDEN, DJ},
Title = {AGE EFFECTS IN THE USE OF SENTENCE CONTEXT IN VISUAL WORD
RECOGNITION},
Journal = {GERONTOLOGIST},
Volume = {24},
Pages = {77-77},
Publisher = {GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER},
Year = {1984},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0016-9013},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1984TN75000027&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds274822}
}
@article{fds274826,
Author = {MADDEN, DJ},
Title = {AGE EFFECTS IN SEMANTIC ACTIVATION},
Journal = {GERONTOLOGIST},
Volume = {22},
Pages = {70-70},
Publisher = {GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER},
Year = {1982},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0016-9013},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1982PL41300061&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds274826}
}
%% Papers Published
@article{fds375498,
Author = {Merenstein, JL and Zhao, J and Overson, DK and Truong, T-K and Johnson,
KG and Song, AW and Madden, DJ},
Title = {Depth- and curvature-based quantitative susceptibility
mapping analyses of cortical iron in Alzheimer's
disease.},
Journal = {Cereb Cortex},
Volume = {34},
Number = {2},
Year = {2024},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhad525},
Abstract = {In addition to amyloid beta plaques and neurofibrillary
tangles, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been associated with
elevated iron in deep gray matter nuclei using quantitative
susceptibility mapping (QSM). However, only a few studies
have examined cortical iron, using more macroscopic
approaches that cannot assess layer-specific differences.
Here, we conducted column-based QSM analyses to assess
whether AD-related increases in cortical iron vary in
relation to layer-specific differences in the type and
density of neurons. We obtained global and regional measures
of positive (iron) and negative (myelin, protein
aggregation) susceptibility from 22 adults with AD and 22
demographically matched healthy controls. Depth-wise
analyses indicated that global susceptibility increased from
the pial surface to the gray/white matter boundary, with a
larger slope for positive susceptibility in the left
hemisphere for adults with AD than controls. Curvature-based
analyses indicated larger global susceptibility for adults
with AD versus controls; the right hemisphere versus left;
and gyri versus sulci. Region-of-interest analyses
identified similar depth- and curvature-specific group
differences, especially for temporo-parietal regions.
Finding that iron accumulates in a topographically
heterogenous manner across the cortical mantle may help
explain the profound cognitive deterioration that
differentiates AD from the slowing of general motor
processes in healthy aging.},
Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhad525},
Key = {fds375498}
}
@article{fds375497,
Author = {Stout, JA and Mahzarnia, A and Dai, R and Anderson, RJ and Cousins, S and Zhuang, J and Lad, EM and Whitaker, DB and Madden, DJ and Potter, GG and Whitson, HE and Badea, A},
Title = {Accelerated Brain Atrophy, Microstructural Decline and
Connectopathy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.},
Journal = {Biomedicines},
Volume = {12},
Number = {1},
Year = {2024},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12010147},
Abstract = {Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has recently been
linked to cognitive impairment. We hypothesized that AMD
modifies the brain aging trajectory, and we conducted a
longitudinal diffusion MRI study on 40 participants (20 with
AMD and 20 controls) to reveal the location, extent, and
dynamics of AMD-related brain changes. Voxel-based analyses
at the first visit identified reduced volume in AMD
participants in the cuneate gyrus, associated with vision,
and the temporal and bilateral cingulate gyrus, linked to
higher cognition and memory. The second visit occurred 2
years after the first and revealed that AMD participants had
reduced cingulate and superior frontal gyrus volumes, as
well as lower fractional anisotropy (FA) for the bilateral
occipital lobe, including the visual and the superior
frontal cortex. We detected faster rates of volume and FA
reduction in AMD participants in the left temporal cortex.
We identified inter-lingual and lingual-cerebellar
connections as important differentiators in AMD
participants. Bundle analyses revealed that the lingual
gyrus had a lower streamline length in the AMD participants
at the first visit, indicating a connection between retinal
and brain health. FA differences in select inter-lingual and
lingual cerebellar bundles at the second visit showed
downstream effects of vision loss. Our analyses revealed
widespread changes in AMD participants, beyond brain
networks directly involved in vision processing.},
Doi = {10.3390/biomedicines12010147},
Key = {fds375497}
}
@article{fds373426,
Author = {Madden, DJ and Merenstein, JL},
Title = {Quantitative susceptibility mapping of brain iron in healthy
aging and cognition.},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {282},
Pages = {120401},
Year = {2023},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120401},
Abstract = {Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) technique that can assess the
magnetic properties of cerebral iron in vivo. Although brain
iron is necessary for basic neurobiological functions,
excess iron content disrupts homeostasis, leads to oxidative
stress, and ultimately contributes to neurodegenerative
disease. However, some degree of elevated brain iron is
present even among healthy older adults. To better
understand the topographical pattern of iron accumulation
and its relation to cognitive aging, we conducted an
integrative review of 47 QSM studies of healthy aging, with
a focus on five distinct themes. The first two themes
focused on age-related increases in iron accumulation in
deep gray matter nuclei versus the cortex. The overall level
of iron is higher in deep gray matter nuclei than in
cortical regions. Deep gray matter nuclei vary with regard
to age-related effects, which are most prominent in the
putamen, and age-related deposition of iron is also observed
in frontal, temporal, and parietal cortical regions during
healthy aging. The third theme focused on the behavioral
relevance of iron content and indicated that higher iron in
both deep gray matter and cortical regions was related to
decline in fluid (speed-dependent) cognition. A handful of
multimodal studies, reviewed in the fourth theme, suggest
that iron interacts with imaging measures of brain function,
white matter degradation, and the accumulation of
neuropathologies. The final theme concerning modifiers of
brain iron pointed to potential roles of cardiovascular,
dietary, and genetic factors. Although QSM is a relatively
recent tool for assessing cerebral iron accumulation, it has
significant promise for contributing new insights into
healthy neurocognitive aging.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120401},
Key = {fds373426}
}
@article{fds371016,
Author = {Merenstein, JL and Zhao, J and Mullin, HA and Rudolph, MD and Song, AW and Madden, DJ},
Title = {High-resolution multi-shot diffusion imaging of structural
networks in healthy neurocognitive aging.},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {275},
Pages = {120191},
Year = {2023},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120191},
Abstract = {Healthy neurocognitive aging has been associated with the
microstructural degradation of white matter pathways that
connect distributed gray matter regions, assessed by
diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). However, the relatively
low spatial resolution of standard DWI has limited the
examination of age-related differences in the properties of
smaller, tightly curved white matter fibers, as well as the
relatively more complex microstructure of gray matter. Here,
we capitalize on high-resolution multi-shot DWI, which
allows spatial resolutions < 1 mm3 to be achieved on
clinical 3T MRI scanners. We assessed whether traditional
diffusion tensor-based measures of gray matter
microstructure and graph theoretical measures of white
matter structural connectivity assessed by standard
(1.5 mm3 voxels, 3.375 μl volume) and high-resolution
(1 mm3 voxels, 1μl volume) DWI were differentially related
to age and cognitive performance in 61 healthy adults 18-78
years of age. Cognitive performance was assessed using an
extensive battery comprising 12 separate tests of fluid
(speed-dependent) cognition. Results indicated that the
high-resolution data had larger correlations between age and
gray matter mean diffusivity, but smaller correlations
between age and structural connectivity. Moreover, parallel
mediation models including both standard and high-resolution
measures revealed that only the high-resolution measures
mediated age-related differences in fluid cognition. These
results lay the groundwork for future studies planning to
apply high-resolution DWI methodology to further assess the
mechanisms of both healthy aging and cognitive
impairment.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120191},
Key = {fds371016}
}
@article{fds369255,
Author = {Rapp, PR and Madden, DJ},
Title = {Editor transition at Neurobiology of Aging.},
Journal = {Neurobiol Aging},
Volume = {124},
Pages = {51},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2023},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.01.009},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.01.009},
Key = {fds369255}
}
@article{fds369256,
Author = {Merenstein, JL and Mullin, HA and Madden, DJ},
Title = {Age-related differences in frontoparietal activation for
target and distractor singletons during visual
search.},
Journal = {Atten Percept Psychophys},
Volume = {85},
Number = {3},
Pages = {749-768},
Year = {2023},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-022-02640-x},
Abstract = {Age-related decline in visual search performance has been
associated with different patterns of activation in
frontoparietal regions using functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI), but whether these age-related effects
represent specific influences of target and distractor
processing is unclear. Therefore, we acquired event-related
fMRI data from 68 healthy, community-dwelling adults ages
18-78 years, during both conjunction (T/F target among
rotated Ts and Fs) and feature (T/F target among Os) search.
Some displays contained a color singleton that could
correspond to either the target or a distractor. A diffusion
decision analysis indicated age-related increases in
sensorimotor response time across all task conditions, but
an age-related decrease in the rate of evidence accumulation
(drift rate) was specific to conjunction search. Moreover,
the color singleton facilitated search performance when
occurring as a target and disrupted performance when
occurring as a distractor, but only during conjunction
search, and these effects were independent of age. The fMRI
data indicated that decreased search efficiency for
conjunction relative to feature search was evident as
widespread frontoparietal activation. Activation within the
left insula mediated the age-related decrease in drift rate
for conjunction search, whereas this relation in the FEF and
parietal cortex was significant only for individuals younger
than 30 or 44 years, respectively. Finally, distractor
singletons were associated with significant parietal
activation, whereas target singletons were associated with
significant frontoparietal deactivation, and this latter
effect increased with adult age. Age-related differences in
frontoparietal activation therefore reflect both the overall
efficiency of search and the enhancement from salient
targets.},
Doi = {10.3758/s13414-022-02640-x},
Key = {fds369256}
}
@article{fds363209,
Author = {Troutman, SBW and Madden, DJ and Diaz, MT},
Title = {Cerebral White Matter Mediation of Age-Related Differences
in Picture Naming Across Adulthood.},
Journal = {Neurobiol Lang (Camb)},
Volume = {3},
Number = {2},
Pages = {272-286},
Year = {2022},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/nol_a_00065},
Abstract = {As people age, one of the most common complaints is
difficulty with word retrieval. A wealth of behavioral
research confirms such age-related language production
deficits, yet the structural neural differences that relate
to age-related language production deficits remains an open
area of exploration. Therefore, the present study used a
large sample of healthy adults across adulthood to
investigate how age-related white matter differences in
three key left-hemisphere language tracts may contribute to
age-related differences in language ability. Specifically,
we used diffusion tensor imaging to measure fractional
anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity (RD) which are
indicators of white matter structure. We then used a series
of path models to test whether white matter from the
superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), the inferior
longitudinal fasciculus, and the frontal aslant tract (FAT)
mediated age-related differences in one form of language
production, picture naming. We found that FA, as well as RD
from the SLF and FAT mediated the relation between age and
picture naming performance, whereas a control tract
(corticospinal) was not a mediator. Moreover, differences
between mediation of picture naming and a control naming
condition suggest that left SLF has a greater role in
higher-order aspects of naming, such as semantic and lexical
selection whereas left FAT is more sensitive to sensorimotor
aspects of fluency or speech motor planning. These results
suggest that dorsal white matter contributes to age-related
differences in generating speech and may be particularly
important in supporting word retrieval across
adulthood.},
Doi = {10.1162/nol_a_00065},
Key = {fds363209}
}
@article{fds360045,
Author = {Howard, CM and Jain, S and Cook, AD and Packard, LE and Mullin, HA and Chen, N-K and Liu, C and Song, AW and Madden, DJ},
Title = {Cortical iron mediates age-related decline in fluid
cognition.},
Journal = {Hum Brain Mapp},
Volume = {43},
Number = {3},
Pages = {1047-1060},
Year = {2022},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.25706},
Abstract = {Brain iron dyshomeostasis disrupts various critical cellular
functions, and age-related iron accumulation may contribute
to deficient neurotransmission and cell death. While recent
studies have linked excessive brain iron to cognitive
function in the context of neurodegenerative disease, little
is known regarding the role of brain iron accumulation in
cognitive aging in healthy adults. Further, previous studies
have focused primarily on deep gray matter regions, where
the level of iron deposition is highest. However, recent
evidence suggests that cortical iron may also contribute to
cognitive deficit and neurodegenerative disease. Here, we
used quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) to measure
brain iron in 67 healthy participants 18-78 years of age.
Speed-dependent (fluid) cognition was assessed from a
battery of 12 psychometric and computer-based tests. From
voxelwise QSM analyses, we found that QSM susceptibility
values were negatively associated with fluid cognition in
the right inferior temporal gyrus, bilateral putamen,
posterior cingulate gyrus, motor, and premotor cortices.
Mediation analysis indicated that susceptibility in the
right inferior temporal gyrus was a significant mediator of
the relation between age and fluid cognition, and similar
effects were evident for the left inferior temporal gyrus at
a lower statistical threshold. Additionally, age and right
inferior temporal gyrus susceptibility interacted to predict
fluid cognition, such that brain iron was negatively
associated with a cognitive decline for adults over
45 years of age. These findings suggest that iron may have
a mediating role in cognitive decline and may be an early
biomarker of neurodegenerative disease.},
Doi = {10.1002/hbm.25706},
Key = {fds360045}
}
@article{fds355744,
Author = {Zhuang, J and Madden, DJ and Cunha, P and Badea, A and Davis, SW and Potter, GG and Lad, EM and Cousins, SW and Chen, N-K and Allen, K and Maciejewski, AJ and Fernandez, XD and Diaz, MT and Whitson,
HE},
Title = {Cerebral white matter connectivity, cognition, and
age-related macular degeneration.},
Journal = {Neuroimage Clin},
Volume = {30},
Pages = {102594},
Year = {2021},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102594},
Abstract = {Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common retina
disease associated with cognitive impairment in older
adults. The mechanism(s) that account for the link between
AMD and cognitive decline remain unclear. Here we aim to
shed light on this issue by investigating whether
relationships between cognition and white matter in the
brain differ by AMD status. In a direct group comparison of
brain connectometry maps from diffusion weighted images, AMD
patients showed significantly weaker quantitative anisotropy
(QA) than healthy controls, predominantly in the splenium
and left optic radiation. The QA of these tracts, however,
did not correlate with the visual acuity measure, indicating
that this group effect is not directly driven by visual
loss. The AMD and control groups did not differ
significantly in cognitive performance.Across all
participants, better cognitive performance (e.g. verbal
fluency) is associated with stronger connectivity strength
in white matter tracts including the splenium and the left
inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus/inferior longitudinal
fasciculus. However, there were significant interactions
between group and cognitive performance (verbal fluency,
memory), suggesting that the relation between QA and
cognitive performance was weaker in AMD patients than in
controls.This may be explained by unmeasured determinants of
performance that are more common or impactful in AMD or by a
recruitment bias whereby the AMD group had higher cognitive
reserve. In general, our findings suggest that neural
degeneration in the brain might occur in parallel to AMD in
the eyes, although the participants studied here do not
(yet) exhibit overt cognitive declines per standard
assessments.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102594},
Key = {fds355744}
}
@article{fds352606,
Author = {Madden, DJ and Jain, S and Monge, ZA and Cook, AD and Lee, A and Huang, H and Howard, CM and Cohen, JR},
Title = {Influence of structural and functional brain connectivity on
age-related differences in fluid cognition.},
Journal = {Neurobiol Aging},
Volume = {96},
Pages = {205-222},
Year = {2020},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.09.010},
Abstract = {We used graph theoretical measures to investigate the
hypothesis that structural brain connectivity constrains the
influence of functional connectivity on the relation between
age and fluid cognition. Across 143 healthy,
community-dwelling adults 19-79 years of age, we estimated
structural network properties from diffusion-weighted
imaging and functional network properties from resting-state
functional magnetic resonance imaging. We confirmed previous
reports of age-related decline in the strength and
efficiency of structural networks, as well as in the
connectivity strength within and between structural network
modules. Functional networks, in contrast, exhibited
age-related decline only in system segregation, a measure of
the distinctiveness among network modules. Aging was
associated with decline in a composite measure of fluid
cognition, particularly tests of executive function.
Functional system segregation was a significant mediator of
age-related decline in executive function. Structural
network properties did not directly influence the
age-related decline in functional system segregation. The
raw correlational data underlying the graph theoretical
measures indicated that structural connectivity exerts a
limited constraint on age-related decline in functional
connectivity.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.09.010},
Key = {fds352606}
}
@article{fds351494,
Author = {Zuo, X and Zhuang, J and Chen, N-K and Cousins, S and Cunha, P and Lad, EM and Madden, DJ and Potter, G and Whitson, HE},
Title = {Relationship between neural functional connectivity and
memory performance in age-related macular
degeneration.},
Journal = {Neurobiol Aging},
Volume = {95},
Pages = {176-185},
Year = {2020},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.07.020},
Abstract = {Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has been linked to
memory deficits, with no established neural mechanisms. We
collected resting-state brain functional magnetic resonance
imaging and standardized verbal recall tests from 42 older
adults with AMD and 41 age-matched controls. We used
seed-based whole brain analysis to quantify the strength of
functional connectivity between hubs of the default mode
network and a network of medial temporal regions relevant
for memory. Our results indicated neither memory performance
nor network connectivity differed by AMD status. However,
the AMD participants exhibited stronger relationships than
the controls between memory performance and connectivity
from the memory network hub (left parahippocampal) to 2
other regions: the left temporal pole and the right
superior/middle frontal gyri. Also, the connectivity between
the medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex
of default mode network correlated more strongly with memory
performance in AMD compared to control. We concluded that
stronger brain-behavior correlation in AMD may suggest a
role for region-specific connectivity in supporting memory
in the context of AMD.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.07.020},
Key = {fds351494}
}
@article{fds345369,
Author = {Madden, DJ and Siciliano, RE and Tallman, CW and Monge, ZA and Voss, A and Cohen, JR},
Title = {Response-level processing during visual feature search:
Effects of frontoparietal activation and adult
age.},
Journal = {Atten Percept Psychophys},
Volume = {82},
Number = {1},
Pages = {330-349},
Year = {2020},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-019-01823-3},
Abstract = {Previous research suggests that feature search performance
is relatively resistant to age-related decline. However,
little is known regarding the neural mechanisms underlying
the age-related constancy of feature search. In this
experiment, we used a diffusion decision model of reaction
time (RT), and event-related functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI) to investigate age-related differences in
response-level processing during visual feature search.
Participants were 80 healthy, right-handed,
community-dwelling individuals, 19-79 years of age. Analyses
of search performance indicated that targets accompanied by
response-incompatible distractors were associated with a
significant increase in the nondecision-time (t0) model
parameter, possibly reflecting the additional time required
for response execution. Nondecision time increased
significantly with increasing age, but no age-related
effects were evident in drift rate, cautiousness (boundary
separation, a), or in the specific effects of response
compatibility. Nondecision time was also associated with a
pattern of activation and deactivation in frontoparietal
regions. The relation of age to nondecision time was
indirect, mediated by this pattern of frontoparietal
activation and deactivation. Response-compatible and
-incompatible trials were associated with specific patterns
of activation in the medial and superior parietal cortex,
and frontal eye field, but these activation effects did not
mediate the relation between age and search performance.
These findings suggest that, in the context of a highly
efficient feature search task, the age-related influence of
frontoparietal activation is operative at a relatively
general level, which is common to the task conditions,
rather than at the response level specifically.},
Doi = {10.3758/s13414-019-01823-3},
Key = {fds345369}
}
@article{fds346502,
Author = {Madden, DJ and Melton, MS and Jain, S and Cook, AD and Browndyke, JN and Harshbarger, TB and Cendales, LC},
Title = {Neural activation for actual and imagined movement following
unilateral hand transplantation: a case study.},
Journal = {Neurocase},
Volume = {25},
Number = {6},
Pages = {225-234},
Year = {2019},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13554794.2019.1667398},
Abstract = {Transplantation of a donor hand has been successful as a
surgical treatment following amputation, but little is known
regarding the brain mechanisms contributing to the recovery
of motor function. We report functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI) findings for neural activation related to
actual and imagined movement, for a 54-year-old male
patient, who had received a donor hand transplant 50 years
following amputation. Two assessments, conducted 3 months
and 6 months post-operatively, demonstrate engagement of
motor-control related brain regions for the transplanted
hand, during both actual and imagined movement of the
fingers. The intact hand exhibited a more intense and
focused pattern of activation for actual movement relative
to imagined movement, whereas activation for the
transplanted hand was more widely distributed and did not
clearly differentiate actual and imagined movement. However,
the spatial overlap of actual-movement and imagined-movement
voxels, for the transplanted hand, did increase over time to
a level comparable to that of the intact hand. At these
relatively early post-operative assessments, brain regions
outside of the canonical motor-control networks appear to be
supporting movement of the transplanted hand.},
Doi = {10.1080/13554794.2019.1667398},
Key = {fds346502}
}
@article{fds340087,
Author = {Diaz, MT and Johnson, MA and Burke, DM and Truong, T-K and Madden,
DJ},
Title = {Age-related differences in the neural bases of phonological
and semantic processes in the context of task-irrelevant
information.},
Journal = {Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci},
Volume = {19},
Number = {4},
Pages = {829-844},
Year = {2019},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13415-018-00671-2},
Abstract = {As we age we have increasing difficulty with phonological
aspects of language production. Yet semantic processes are
largely stable across the life span. This suggests a
fundamental difference in the cognitive and potentially
neural architecture supporting these systems. Moreover,
language processes such as these interact with other
cognitive processes that also show age-related decline, such
as executive function and inhibition. The present study
examined phonological and semantic processes in the presence
of task-irrelevant information to examine the influence of
such material on language production. Older and younger
adults made phonological and semantic decisions about
pictures in the presence of either phonologically or
semantically related words, which were unrelated to the
task. FMRI activation during the semantic condition showed
that all adults engaged typical left-hemisphere language
regions, and that this activation was positively correlated
with efficiency across all adults. In contrast, the
phonological condition elicited activation in bilateral
precuneus and cingulate, with no clear brain-behavior
relationship. Similarly, older adults exhibited greater
activation than younger adults in several regions that were
unrelated to behavioral performance. Our results suggest
that as we age, brain-behavior relations decline, and there
is an increased reliance on both language-specific and
domain-general brain regions that are seen most prominently
during phonological processing. In contrast, the core
semantic system continues to be engaged throughout the life
span, even in the presence of task-irrelevant
information.},
Doi = {10.3758/s13415-018-00671-2},
Key = {fds340087}
}
@article{fds331315,
Author = {Zhuang, J and Madden, DJ and Duong-Fernandez, X and Chen, N-K and Cousins, SW and Potter, GG and Diaz, MT and Whitson,
HE},
Title = {Language processing in age-related macular degeneration
associated with unique functional connectivity signatures in
the right hemisphere.},
Journal = {Neurobiol Aging},
Volume = {63},
Pages = {65-74},
Year = {2018},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.11.003},
Abstract = {Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a retinal disease
associated with significant vision loss among older adults.
Previous large-scale behavioral studies indicate that people
with AMD are at increased risk of cognitive deficits in
language processing, particularly in verbal fluency tasks.
The neural underpinnings of any relationship between AMD and
higher cognitive functions, such as language processing,
remain unclear. This study aims to address this issue using
independent component analysis of spontaneous brain activity
at rest. In 2 components associated with visual processing,
we observed weaker functional connectivity in the primary
visual cortex and lateral occipital cortex in AMD patients
compared with healthy controls, indicating that AMD might
lead to differences in the neural representation of vision.
In a component related to language processing, we found that
increasing connectivity within the right inferior frontal
gyrus was associated with better verbal fluency performance
across all older adults, and the verbal fluency effect was
greater in AMD patients than controls in both right inferior
frontal gyrus and right posterior temporal regions. As the
behavioral performance of our patients is as good as that of
controls, these findings suggest that preservation of verbal
fluency performance in AMD patients might be achieved
through higher contribution from right hemisphere regions in
bilateral language networks. If that is the case, there may
be an opportunity to promote cognitive resilience among
seniors with AMD or other forms of late-life vision
loss.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.11.003},
Key = {fds331315}
}
@article{fds326350,
Author = {Monge, ZA and Geib, BR and Siciliano, RE and Packard, LE and Tallman,
CW and Madden, DJ},
Title = {Functional modular architecture underlying attentional
control in aging.},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {155},
Pages = {257-270},
Year = {2017},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.05.002},
Abstract = {Previous research suggests that age-related differences in
attention reflect the interaction of top-down and bottom-up
processes, but the cognitive and neural mechanisms
underlying this interaction remain an active area of
research. Here, within a sample of community-dwelling adults
19-78 years of age, we used diffusion reaction time (RT)
modeling and multivariate functional connectivity to
investigate the behavioral components and whole-brain
functional networks, respectively, underlying bottom-up and
top-down attentional processes during conjunction visual
search. During functional MRI scanning, participants
completed a conjunction visual search task in which each
display contained one item that was larger than the other
items (i.e., a size singleton) but was not informative
regarding target identity. This design allowed us to examine
in the RT components and functional network measures the
influence of (a) additional bottom-up guidance when the
target served as the size singleton, relative to when the
distractor served as the size singleton (i.e., size
singleton effect) and (b) top-down processes during target
detection (i.e., target detection effect; target present vs.
absent trials). We found that the size singleton effect
(i.e., increased bottom-up guidance) was associated with RT
components related to decision and nondecision processes,
but these effects did not vary with age. Also, a modularity
analysis revealed that frontoparietal module connectivity
was important for both the size singleton and target
detection effects, but this module became central to the
networks through different mechanisms for each effect.
Lastly, participants 42 years of age and older, in service
of the target detection effect, relied more on
between-frontoparietal module connections. Our results
further elucidate mechanisms through which frontoparietal
regions support attentional control and how these mechanisms
vary in relation to adult age.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.05.002},
Key = {fds326350}
}
@article{fds325978,
Author = {Madden, DJ and Parks, EL and Tallman, CW and Boylan, MA and Hoagey, DA and Cocjin, SB and Packard, LE and Johnson, MA and Chou, Y-H and Potter, GG and Chen, N-K and Siciliano, RE and Monge, ZA and Honig, JA and Diaz,
MT},
Title = {Sources of disconnection in neurocognitive aging: cerebral
white-matter integrity, resting-state functional
connectivity, and white-matter hyperintensity
volume.},
Journal = {Neurobiol Aging},
Volume = {54},
Pages = {199-213},
Year = {2017},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.01.027},
Abstract = {Age-related decline in fluid cognition can be characterized
as a disconnection among specific brain structures, leading
to a decline in functional efficiency. The potential sources
of disconnection, however, are unclear. We investigated
imaging measures of cerebral white-matter integrity,
resting-state functional connectivity, and white-matter
hyperintensity volume as mediators of the relation between
age and fluid cognition, in 145 healthy, community-dwelling
adults 19-79 years of age. At a general level of analysis,
with a single composite measure of fluid cognition and
single measures of each of the 3 imaging modalities, age
exhibited an independent influence on the cognitive and
imaging measures, and the imaging variables did not mediate
the age-cognition relation. At a more specific level of
analysis, resting-state functional connectivity of
sensorimotor networks was a significant mediator of the
age-related decline in executive function. These findings
suggest that different levels of analysis lead to different
models of neurocognitive disconnection, and that
resting-state functional connectivity, in particular, may
contribute to age-related decline in executive
function.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.01.027},
Key = {fds325978}
}
@article{fds325365,
Author = {Cordero, DM and Towe, SL and Chen, N-K and Robertson, KR and Madden, DJ and Huettel, SA and Meade, CS},
Title = {Cocaine dependence does not contribute substantially to
white matter abnormalities in HIV infection.},
Journal = {J Neurovirol},
Volume = {23},
Number = {3},
Pages = {441-450},
Year = {2017},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13365-017-0512-5},
Abstract = {This study investigated the association of HIV infection and
cocaine dependence with cerebral white matter integrity
using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). One hundred
thirty-five participants stratified by HIV and cocaine
status (26 HIV+/COC+, 37 HIV+/COC-, 37 HIV-/COC+, and 35
HIV-/COC-) completed a comprehensive substance abuse
assessment, neuropsychological testing, and MRI with DTI.
Among HIV+ participants, all were receiving HIV care and 46%
had an AIDS diagnosis. All COC+ participants were current
users and met criteria for cocaine use disorder. We used
tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) to assess the relation
of HIV and cocaine to fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean
diffusivity (MD). In whole-brain analyses, HIV+ participants
had significantly reduced FA and increased MD compared to
HIV- participants. The relation of HIV and FA was widespread
throughout the brain, whereas the HIV-related MD effects
were restricted to the corpus callosum and thalamus. There
were no significant cocaine or HIV-by-cocaine effects. These
DTI metrics correlated significantly with duration of HIV
disease, nadir CD4+ cell count, and AIDS diagnosis, as well
as some measures of neuropsychological functioning. These
results suggest that HIV is related to white matter
integrity throughout the brain, and that HIV-related effects
are more pronounced with increasing duration of infection
and greater immune compromise. We found no evidence for
independent effects of cocaine dependence on white matter
integrity, and cocaine dependence did not appear to
exacerbate the effects of HIV.},
Doi = {10.1007/s13365-017-0512-5},
Key = {fds325365}
}
@article{fds325785,
Author = {Siciliano, RE and Madden, DJ and Tallman, CW and Boylan, MA and Kirste,
I and Monge, ZA and Packard, LE and Potter, GG and Wang,
L},
Title = {Task difficulty modulates brain activation in the emotional
oddball task.},
Journal = {Brain Res},
Volume = {1664},
Pages = {74-86},
Year = {2017},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2017.03.028},
Abstract = {Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
studies have reported that task-irrelevant, emotionally
salient events can disrupt target discrimination,
particularly when attentional demands are low, while others
demonstrate alterations in the distracting effects of
emotion in behavior and neural activation in the context of
attention-demanding tasks. We used fMRI, in conjunction with
an emotional oddball task, at different levels of target
discrimination difficulty, to investigate the effects of
emotional distractors on the detection of subsequent
targets. In addition, we distinguished different behavioral
components of target detection representing decisional,
nondecisional, and response criterion processes. Results
indicated that increasing target discrimination difficulty
led to increased time required for both the decisional and
nondecisional components of the detection response, as well
as to increased target-related neural activation in
frontoparietal regions. The emotional distractors were
associated with activation in ventral occipital and frontal
regions and dorsal frontal regions, but this activation was
attenuated with increased difficulty. Emotional distraction
did not alter the behavioral measures of target detection,
but did lead to increased target-related frontoparietal
activation for targets following emotional images as
compared to those following neutral images. This latter
effect varied with target discrimination difficulty, with an
increased influence of the emotional distractors on
subsequent target-related frontoparietal activation in the
more difficult discrimination condition. This influence of
emotional distraction was in addition associated
specifically with the decisional component of target
detection. These findings indicate that emotion-cognition
interactions, in the emotional oddball task, vary depending
on the difficulty of the target discrimination and the
associated limitations on processing resources.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2017.03.028},
Key = {fds325785}
}
@article{fds323600,
Author = {Madden, DJ and Parks, EL and Tallman, CW and Boylan, MA and Hoagey, DA and Cocjin, SB and Johnson, MA and Chou, Y-H and Potter, GG and Chen, N-K and Packard, LE and Siciliano, RE and Monge, ZA and Diaz,
MT},
Title = {Frontoparietal activation during visual conjunction search:
Effects of bottom-up guidance and adult age.},
Journal = {Hum Brain Mapp},
Volume = {38},
Number = {4},
Pages = {2128-2149},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23509},
Abstract = {We conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
with a visual search paradigm to test the hypothesis that
aging is associated with increased frontoparietal
involvement in both target detection and bottom-up
attentional guidance (featural salience). Participants were
68 healthy adults, distributed continuously across 19 to 78
years of age. Frontoparietal regions of interest (ROIs) were
defined from resting-state scans obtained prior to
task-related fMRI. The search target was defined by a
conjunction of color and orientation. Each display contained
one item that was larger than the others (i.e., a size
singleton) but was not informative regarding target
identity. Analyses of search reaction time (RT) indicated
that bottom-up attentional guidance from the size singleton
(when coincident with the target) was relatively constant as
a function of age. Frontoparietal fMRI activation related to
target detection was constant as a function of age, as was
the reduction in activation associated with salient targets.
However, for individuals 35 years of age and older,
engagement of the left frontal eye field (FEF) in bottom-up
guidance was more prominent than for younger individuals.
Further, the age-related differences in left FEF activation
were a consequence of decreasing resting-state functional
connectivity in visual sensory regions. These findings
indicate that age-related compensatory effects may be
expressed in the relation between activation and behavior,
rather than in the magnitude of activation, and that
relevant changes in the activation-RT relation may begin at
a relatively early point in adulthood. Hum Brain Mapp
38:2128-2149, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/hbm.23509},
Key = {fds323600}
}
@article{fds323599,
Author = {Chou, Y-H and Sundman, M and Whitson, HE and Gaur, P and Chu, M-L and Weingarten, CP and Madden, DJ and Wang, L and Kirste, I and Joliot, M and Diaz, MT and Li, Y-J and Song, AW and Chen, N-K},
Title = {Maintenance and Representation of Mind Wandering during
Resting-State fMRI.},
Journal = {Sci Rep},
Volume = {7},
Pages = {40722},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep40722},
Abstract = {Major advances in resting-state functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques in the last two decades
have provided a tool to better understand the functional
organization of the brain both in health and illness.
Despite such developments, characterizing regulation and
cerebral representation of mind wandering, which occurs
unavoidably during resting-state fMRI scans and may induce
variability of the acquired data, remains a work in
progress. Here, we demonstrate that a decrease or decoupling
in functional connectivity involving the caudate nucleus,
insula, medial prefrontal cortex and other domain-specific
regions was associated with more sustained mind wandering in
particular thought domains during resting-state fMRI.
Importantly, our findings suggest that temporal and
between-subject variations in functional connectivity of
above-mentioned regions might be linked with the continuity
of mind wandering. Our study not only provides a preliminary
framework for characterizing the maintenance and cerebral
representation of different types of mind wandering, but
also highlights the importance of taking mind wandering into
consideration when studying brain organization with
resting-state fMRI in the future.},
Doi = {10.1038/srep40722},
Key = {fds323599}
}
@article{fds322126,
Author = {Zhuang, J and Johnson, MA and Madden, DJ and Burke, DM and Diaz,
MT},
Title = {Age-related differences in resolving semantic and
phonological competition during receptive language
tasks.},
Journal = {Neuropsychologia},
Volume = {93},
Number = {Pt A},
Pages = {189-199},
Year = {2016},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.10.016},
Abstract = {Receptive language (e.g., reading) is largely preserved in
the aging brain, and semantic processes in particular may
continue to develop throughout the lifespan. We investigated
the neural underpinnings of phonological and semantic
retrieval in older and younger adults during receptive
language tasks (rhyme and semantic similarity judgments). In
particular, we were interested in the role of competition on
language retrieval and varied the similarities between a
cue, target, and distractor that were hypothesized to affect
the mental process of competition. Behaviorally, all
participants responded faster and more accurately during the
rhyme task compared to the semantic task. Moreover, older
adults demonstrated higher response accuracy than younger
adults during the semantic task. Although there were no
overall age-related differences in the neuroimaging results,
an Age×Task interaction was found in left inferior frontal
gyrus (IFG), with older adults producing greater activation
than younger adults during the semantic condition. These
results suggest that at lower levels of task difficulty,
older and younger adults engaged similar neural networks
that benefited behavioral performance. As task difficulty
increased during the semantic task, older adults relied more
heavily on largely left hemisphere language regions, as well
as regions involved in perception and internal monitoring.
Our results are consistent with the stability of language
comprehension across the adult lifespan and illustrate how
the preservation of semantic representations with aging may
influence performance under conditions of increased task
difficulty.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.10.016},
Key = {fds322126}
}
@article{fds322127,
Author = {Monge, ZA and Madden, DJ},
Title = {Linking cognitive and visual perceptual decline in healthy
aging: The information degradation hypothesis.},
Journal = {Neurosci Biobehav Rev},
Volume = {69},
Pages = {166-173},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.031},
Abstract = {Several hypotheses attempt to explain the relation between
cognitive and perceptual decline in aging (e.g.,
common-cause, sensory deprivation, cognitive load on
perception, information degradation). Unfortunately, the
majority of past studies examining this association have
used correlational analyses, not allowing for these
hypotheses to be tested sufficiently. This correlational
issue is especially relevant for the information degradation
hypothesis, which states that degraded perceptual signal
inputs, resulting from either age-related neurobiological
processes (e.g., retinal degeneration) or experimental
manipulations (e.g., reduced visual contrast), lead to
errors in perceptual processing, which in turn may affect
non-perceptual, higher-order cognitive processes. Even
though the majority of studies examining the relation
between age-related cognitive and perceptual decline have
been correlational, we reviewed several studies
demonstrating that visual manipulations affect both younger
and older adults' cognitive performance, supporting the
information degradation hypothesis and contradicting
implications of other hypotheses (e.g., common-cause,
sensory deprivation, cognitive load on perception). The
reviewed evidence indicates the necessity to further examine
the information degradation hypothesis in order to identify
mechanisms underlying age-related cognitive
decline.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.031},
Key = {fds322127}
}
@article{fds319645,
Author = {Melton, MS and Browndyke, JN and Harshbarger, TB and Madden, DJ and Nielsen, KC and Klein, SM},
Title = {Changes in Brain Resting-state Functional Connectivity
Associated with Peripheral Nerve Block: A Pilot
Study.},
Journal = {Anesthesiology},
Volume = {125},
Number = {2},
Pages = {368-377},
Year = {2016},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000001198},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Limited information exists on the effects of
temporary functional deafferentation (TFD) on brain activity
after peripheral nerve block (PNB) in healthy humans.
Increasingly, resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC)
is being used to study brain activity and organization. The
purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that TFD
through PNB will influence changes in RSFC plasticity in
central sensorimotor functional brain networks in healthy
human participants. METHODS: The authors achieved TFD using
a supraclavicular PNB model with 10 healthy human
participants undergoing functional connectivity magnetic
resonance imaging before PNB, during active PNB, and during
PNB recovery. RSFC differences among study conditions were
determined by multiple-comparison-corrected (false discovery
rate-corrected P value less than 0.05) random-effects,
between-condition, and seed-to-voxel analyses using the left
and right manual motor regions. RESULTS: The results of this
pilot study demonstrated disruption of interhemispheric
left-to-right manual motor region RSFC (e.g., mean
Fisher-transformed z [effect size] at pre-PNB 1.05 vs. 0.55
during PNB) but preservation of intrahemispheric RSFC of
these regions during PNB. Additionally, there was increased
RSFC between the left motor region of interest (PNB-affected
area) and bilateral higher order visual cortex regions after
clinical PNB resolution (e.g., Fisher z between left motor
region of interest and right and left lingual gyrus regions
during PNB, -0.1 and -0.6 vs. 0.22 and 0.18 after PNB
resolution, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study
provides evidence that PNB has features consistent with
other models of deafferentation, making it a potentially
useful approach to investigate brain plasticity. The
findings provide insight into RSFC of sensorimotor
functional brain networks during PNB and PNB recovery and
support modulation of the sensory-motor integration feedback
loop as a mechanism for explaining the behavioral correlates
of peripherally induced TFD through PNB.},
Doi = {10.1097/ALN.0000000000001198},
Key = {fds319645}
}
@article{fds314978,
Author = {Houston, JR and Bennett, IJ and Allen, PA and Madden,
DJ},
Title = {Visual Acuity does not Moderate Effect Sizes of Higher-Level
Cognitive Tasks.},
Journal = {Exp Aging Res},
Volume = {42},
Number = {3},
Pages = {221-263},
Year = {2016},
ISSN = {0361-073X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0361073X.2016.1156964},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND/STUDY CONTEXT: Declining visual capacities in
older adults have been posited as a driving force behind
adult age differences in higher-order cognitive functions
(e.g., the "common cause" hypothesis of Lindenberger &
Baltes, 1994, Psychology and Aging, 9, 339-355). McGowan,
Patterson, and Jordan (2013, Experimental Aging Research,
39, 70-79) also found that a surprisingly large number of
published cognitive aging studies failed to include adequate
measures of visual acuity. However, a recent meta-analysis
of three studies (La Fleur and Salthouse, 2014, Psychonomic
Bulletin & Review, 21, 1202-1208) failed to find evidence
that visual acuity moderated or mediated age differences in
higher-level cognitive processes. In order to provide a more
extensive test of whether visual acuity moderates age
differences in higher-level cognitive processes, we
conducted a more extensive meta-analysis of topic. METHODS:
Using results from 456 studies, we calculated effect sizes
for the main effect of age across four cognitive domains
(attention, executive function, memory, and
perception/language) separately for five levels of visual
acuity criteria (no criteria, undisclosed criteria,
self-reported acuity, 20/80-20/31, and 20/30 or better).
RESULTS: As expected, age had a significant effect on each
cognitive domain. However, these age effects did not further
differ as a function of visual acuity criteria. CONCLUSION:
The current meta-analytic, cross-sectional results suggest
that visual acuity is not significantly related to age group
differences in higher-level cognitive performance-thereby
replicating La Fleur and Salthouse (2014). Further efforts
are needed to determine whether other measures of visual
functioning (e.g., contrast sensitivity, luminance) affect
age differences in cognitive functioning.},
Doi = {10.1080/0361073X.2016.1156964},
Key = {fds314978}
}
@article{fds274808,
Author = {Johnson, MA and Diaz, MT and Madden, DJ},
Title = {Global versus tract-specific components of cerebral white
matter integrity: relation to adult age and perceptual-motor
speed.},
Journal = {Brain Struct Funct},
Volume = {220},
Number = {5},
Pages = {2705-2720},
Year = {2015},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1863-2653},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-014-0822-9},
Abstract = {Although age-related differences in white matter have been
well documented, the degree to which regional,
tract-specific effects can be distinguished from global,
brain-general effects is not yet clear. Similarly, the
manner in which global and regional differences in white
matter integrity contribute to age-related differences in
cognition has not been well established. To address these
issues, we analyzed diffusion tensor imaging measures from
52 younger adults (18-28) and 64 older adults (60-85). We
conducted principal component analysis on each diffusion
measure, using data from eight individual tracts. Two
components were observed for fractional anisotropy: the
first comprised high loadings from the superior longitudinal
fasciculi and corticospinal tracts, and the second comprised
high loadings from the optic radiations. In contrast,
variation in axial, radial, and mean diffusivities yielded a
single-component solution in each case, with high loadings
from most or all tracts. For fractional anisotropy, the
complementary results of multiple components and variability
in component loadings across tracts suggest regional
variation. However, for the diffusivity indices, the single
component with high loadings from most or all of the tracts
suggests primarily global, brain-general variation. Further
analyses indicated that age was a significant mediator of
the relation between each component and perceptual-motor
speed. These data suggest that individual differences in
white matter integrity and their relation to age-related
differences in perceptual-motor speed represent influences
that are beyond the level of individual tracts, but the
extent to which regional or global effects predominate may
differ between anisotropy and diffusivity
measures.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00429-014-0822-9},
Key = {fds274808}
}
@article{fds274804,
Author = {Whitson, HE and Chou, Y-H and Potter, GG and Diaz, MT and Chen, N-K and Lad, EM and Johnson, MA and Cousins, SW and Zhuang, J and Madden,
DJ},
Title = {Phonemic fluency and brain connectivity in age-related
macular degeneration: a pilot study.},
Journal = {Brain Connect},
Volume = {5},
Number = {2},
Pages = {126-135},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {2158-0014},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/brain.2014.0277},
Abstract = {Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of
blindness in developed nations, has been associated with
poor performance on tests of phonemic fluency. This pilot
study sought to (1) characterize the relationship between
phonemic fluency and resting-state functional brain
connectivity in AMD patients and (2) determine whether
regional connections associated with phonemic fluency in AMD
patients were similarly linked to phonemic fluency in
healthy participants. Behavior-based connectivity analysis
was applied to resting-state, functional magnetic resonance
imaging data from seven patients (mean age=79.9±7.5 years)
with bilateral AMD who completed fluency tasks prior to
imaging. Phonemic fluency was inversely related to the
strength of functional connectivity (FC) among six pairs of
brain regions, representing eight nodes: left opercular
portion of inferior frontal gyrus (which includes Broca's
area), left superior temporal gyrus (which includes part of
Wernicke's area), inferior parietal lobe (bilaterally),
right superior parietal lobe, right supramarginal gyrus,
right supplementary motor area, and right precentral gyrus.
The FC of these reference links was not related to phonemic
fluency among 32 healthy individuals (16 younger adults,
mean age=23.5±4.6 years and 16 older adults, mean
age=68.3±3.4 years). Compared with healthy individuals, AMD
patients exhibited higher mean connectivity within the
reference links and within the default mode network,
possibly reflecting compensatory changes to support
performance in the setting of reduced vision. These findings
are consistent with the hypothesis that phonemic fluency
deficits in AMD reflect underlying brain changes that
develop in the context of AMD.},
Doi = {10.1089/brain.2014.0277},
Key = {fds274804}
}
@article{fds274805,
Author = {Li, W and Langkammer, C and Chou, Y-H and Petrovic, K and Schmidt, R and Song, AW and Madden, DJ and Ropele, S and Liu, C},
Title = {Association between increased magnetic susceptibility of
deep gray matter nuclei and decreased motor function in
healthy adults.},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {105},
Pages = {45-52},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1053-8119},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.10.009},
Abstract = {In the human brain, iron is more prevalent in gray matter
than in white matter, and deep gray matter structures,
particularly the globus pallidus, putamen, caudate nucleus,
substantia nigra, red nucleus, and dentate nucleus, exhibit
especially high iron content. Abnormally elevated iron
levels have been found in various neurodegenerative
diseases. Additionally, iron overload and related
neurodegeneration may also occur during aging, but the
functional consequences are not clear. In this study, we
explored the correlation between magnetic susceptibility--a
surrogate marker of brain iron--of these gray matter
structures with behavioral measures of motor and cognitive
abilities, in 132 healthy adults aged 40-83 years. Latent
variables corresponding to manual dexterity and executive
functions were obtained using factor analysis. The factor
scores for manual dexterity declined significantly with
increasing age. Independent of gender, age, and global
cognitive function, increasing magnetic susceptibility in
the globus pallidus and red nuclei was associated with
decreasing manual dexterity. This finding suggests the
potential value of magnetic susceptibility, a non-invasive
quantitative imaging marker of iron, for the study of
iron-related brain function changes.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.10.009},
Key = {fds274805}
}
@article{fds274809,
Author = {Diaz, MT and Johnson, MA and Burke, DM and Madden,
DJ},
Title = {Age-related differences in the neural bases of phonological
and semantic processes.},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {26},
Number = {12},
Pages = {2798-2811},
Year = {2014},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00665},
Abstract = {Changes in language functions during normal aging are
greater for phonological compared with semantic processes.
To investigate the behavioral and neural basis for these
age-related differences, we used fMRI to examine younger and
older adults who made semantic and phonological decisions
about pictures. The behavioral performance of older adults
was less accurate and less efficient than younger adults' in
the phonological task but did not differ in the semantic
task. In the fMRI analyses, the semantic task activated
left-hemisphere language regions, and the phonological task
activated bilateral cingulate and ventral precuneus.
Age-related effects were widespread throughout the brain and
most often expressed as greater activation for older adults.
Activation was greater for younger compared with older
adults in ventral brain regions involved in visual and
object processing. Although there was not a significant Age
× Condition interaction in the whole-brain fMRI results,
correlations examining the relationship between behavior and
fMRI activation were stronger for younger compared with
older adults. Our results suggest that the relationship
between behavior and neural activation declines with age,
and this may underlie some of the observed declines in
performance.},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00665},
Key = {fds274809}
}
@article{fds274807,
Author = {Madden, DJ and Parks, EL and Davis, SW and Diaz, MT and Potter, GG and Chou, Y-H and Chen, N-K and Cabeza, R},
Title = {Age mediation of frontoparietal activation during visual
feature search.},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {102 Pt 2},
Number = {0 2},
Pages = {262-274},
Year = {2014},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1053-8119},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.07.053},
Abstract = {Activation of frontal and parietal brain regions is
associated with attentional control during visual search. We
used fMRI to characterize age-related differences in
frontoparietal activation in a highly efficient feature
search task, detection of a shape singleton. On half of the
trials, a salient distractor (a color singleton) was present
in the display. The hypothesis was that frontoparietal
activation mediated the relation between age and attentional
capture by the salient distractor. Participants were
healthy, community-dwelling individuals, 21 younger adults
(19-29 years of age) and 21 older adults (60-87 years of
age). Top-down attention, in the form of target
predictability, was associated with an improvement in search
performance that was comparable for younger and older
adults. The increase in search reaction time (RT) associated
with the salient distractor (attentional capture),
standardized to correct for generalized age-related slowing,
was greater for older adults than for younger adults. On
trials with a color singleton distractor, search RT
increased as a function of increasing activation in frontal
regions, for both age groups combined, suggesting increased
task difficulty. Mediational analyses disconfirmed the
hypothesized model, in which frontal activation mediated the
age-related increase in attentional capture, but supported
an alternative model in which age was a mediator of the
relation between frontal activation and capture.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.07.053},
Key = {fds274807}
}
@article{fds274811,
Author = {Bennett, IJ and Madden, DJ},
Title = {Disconnected aging: cerebral white matter integrity and
age-related differences in cognition.},
Journal = {Neuroscience},
Volume = {276},
Pages = {187-205},
Year = {2014},
Month = {September},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24280637},
Abstract = {Cognition arises as a result of coordinated processing among
distributed brain regions and disruptions to communication
within these neural networks can result in cognitive
dysfunction. Cortical disconnection may thus contribute to
the declines in some aspects of cognitive functioning
observed in healthy aging. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is
ideally suited for the study of cortical disconnection as it
provides indices of structural integrity within
interconnected neural networks. The current review
summarizes results of previous DTI aging research with the
aim of identifying consistent patterns of age-related
differences in white matter integrity, and of relationships
between measures of white matter integrity and behavioral
performance as a function of adult age. We outline a number
of future directions that will broaden our current
understanding of these brain-behavior relationships in
aging. Specifically, future research should aim to (1)
investigate multiple models of age-brain-behavior
relationships; (2) determine the tract-specificity versus
global effect of aging on white matter integrity; (3) assess
the relative contribution of normal variation in white
matter integrity versus white matter lesions to age-related
differences in cognition; (4) improve the definition of
specific aspects of cognitive functioning related to
age-related differences in white matter integrity using
information processing tasks; and (5) combine multiple
imaging modalities (e.g., resting-state and task-related
functional magnetic resonance imaging; fMRI) with DTI to
clarify the role of cerebral white matter integrity in
cognitive aging.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.11.026},
Key = {fds274811}
}
@article{fds274818,
Author = {Chou, Y-H and Chen, N-K and Madden, DJ},
Title = {Functional brain connectivity and cognition: effects of
adult age and task demands.},
Journal = {Neurobiol Aging},
Volume = {34},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1925-1934},
Year = {2013},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23523269},
Abstract = {Previous neuroimaging research has documented that patterns
of intrinsic (resting state) functional connectivity (FC)
among brain regions covary with individual measures of
cognitive performance. Here, we examined the relation
between intrinsic FC and a reaction time (RT) measure of
performance, as a function of age group and task demands. We
obtained filtered, event-related functional magnetic
resonance imaging data, and RT measures of visual search
performance, from 21 younger adults (19-29 years old) and 21
healthy, older adults (60-87 years old). Age-related decline
occurred in the connectivity strength in multiple brain
regions, consistent with previous findings. Among 8 pairs of
regions, across somatomotor, orbitofrontal, and subcortical
networks, increasing FC was associated with faster
responding (lower RT). Relative to younger adults, older
adults exhibited a lower strength of this RT-connectivity
relation and greater disruption of this relation by a
salient but irrelevant display item (color singleton
distractor). Age-related differences in the covariation of
intrinsic FC and cognitive performance vary as a function of
task demands.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.02.012},
Key = {fds274818}
}
@article{fds274812,
Author = {Potter, GG and Madden, DJ and Costello, MC and Steffens,
DC},
Title = {Reduced comparison speed during visual search in late life
depression.},
Journal = {J Clin Exp Neuropsychol},
Volume = {35},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1060-1070},
Year = {2013},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24219302},
Abstract = {Slowed information processing is a prominent deficit in
late-life depression (LLD). To better differentiate
processing speed components in LLD, we examined
characteristics of visual search performance in 32 LLD and
32 control participants. Data showed specific slowing in the
comparison stage of visual search in LLD, rather than in
encoding/response stages, but also greater overall slowing
in LLD during inefficient versus efficient search. We found
no group differences on traditional neuropsychological
measures of processing speed. Slowed processing speed in LLD
may be specific rather than general, which underscores the
need to link components of processing speed to underlying
neural circuitry.},
Doi = {10.1080/13803395.2013.856381},
Key = {fds274812}
}
@article{fds274815,
Author = {Parks, EL and Madden, DJ},
Title = {Brain connectivity and visual attention.},
Journal = {Brain Connect},
Volume = {3},
Number = {4},
Pages = {317-338},
Year = {2013},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23597177},
Abstract = {Emerging hypotheses suggest that efficient cognitive
functioning requires the integration of separate, but
interconnected cortical networks in the brain. Although
task-related measures of brain activity suggest that a
frontoparietal network is associated with the control of
attention, little is known regarding how components within
this distributed network act together or with other networks
to achieve various attentional functions. This review
considers both functional and structural studies of brain
connectivity, as complemented by behavioral and task-related
neuroimaging data. These studies show converging results:
The frontal and parietal cortical regions are active
together, over time, and identifiable frontoparietal
networks are active in relation to specific task demands.
However, the spontaneous, low-frequency fluctuations of
brain activity that occur in the resting state, without
specific task demands, also exhibit patterns of connectivity
that closely resemble the task-related, frontoparietal
attention networks. Both task-related and resting-state
networks exhibit consistent relations to behavioral measures
of attention. Further, anatomical structure, particularly
white matter pathways as defined by diffusion tensor
imaging, places constraints on intrinsic functional
connectivity. Lastly, connectivity analyses applied to
investigate cognitive differences across individuals in both
healthy and diseased states suggest that disconnection of
attentional networks is linked to deficits in cognitive
functioning, and in extreme cases, to disorders of
attention. Thus, comprehensive theories of visual attention
and their clinical translation depend on the continued
integration of behavioral, task-related neuroimaging, and
brain connectivity measures.},
Doi = {10.1089/brain.2012.0139},
Key = {fds274815}
}
@article{fds274853,
Author = {Madden, DJ and Bennett, IJ and Burzynska, A and Potter, GG and Chen,
N-K and Song, AW},
Title = {Diffusion tensor imaging of cerebral white matter integrity
in cognitive aging.},
Journal = {Biochim Biophys Acta},
Volume = {1822},
Number = {3},
Pages = {386-400},
Year = {2012},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0006-3002},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21871957},
Keywords = {Age Factors • Cerebrum • Cognition •
Cognition Disorders • Diffusion Tensor Imaging •
Humans • Nerve Fibers, Myelinated • methods •
pathology • pathology* • physiology*},
Abstract = {In this article we review recent research on diffusion
tensor imaging (DTI) of white matter (WM) integrity and the
implications for age-related differences in cognition.
Neurobiological mechanisms defined from DTI analyses suggest
that a primary dimension of age-related decline in WM is a
decline in the structural integrity of myelin, particularly
in brain regions that myelinate later developmentally.
Research integrating behavioral measures with DTI indicates
that WM integrity supports the communication among cortical
networks, particularly those involving executive function,
perceptual speed, and memory (i.e., fluid cognition). In the
absence of significant disease, age shares a substantial
portion of the variance associated with the relation between
WM integrity and fluid cognition. Current data are
consistent with one model in which age-related decline in WM
integrity contributes to a decreased efficiency of
communication among networks for fluid cognitive abilities.
Neurocognitive disorders for which older adults are at risk,
such as depression, further modulate the relation between WM
and cognition, in ways that are not as yet entirely clear.
Developments in DTI technology are providing a new insight
into both the neurobiological mechanisms of aging WM and the
potential contribution of DTI to understanding functional
measures of brain activity. This article is part of a
Special Issue entitled: Imaging Brain Aging and
Neurodegenerative disease.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.08.003},
Key = {fds274853}
}
@article{fds274850,
Author = {Davis, SW and Kragel, JE and Madden, DJ and Cabeza,
R},
Title = {The architecture of cross-hemispheric communication in the
aging brain: linking behavior to functional and structural
connectivity.},
Journal = {Cereb Cortex},
Volume = {22},
Number = {1},
Pages = {232-242},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1460-2199},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21653286},
Keywords = {Adult • Aged • Aging • Anisotropy •
Brain • Brain Mapping* • Cognition • Corpus
Callosum • Female • Functional Laterality •
Humans • Image Processing, Computer-Assisted •
Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Male • Middle Aged
• Nerve Fibers, Myelinated • Neural Pathways
• Neuropsychological Tests • Reaction Time •
Statistics as Topic • Young Adult • anatomy &
histology • anatomy & histology* • blood supply
• metabolism • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {Contralateral recruitment remains a controversial phenomenon
in both the clinical and normative populations. To
investigate the neural correlates of this phenomenon, we
explored the tendency for older adults to recruit prefrontal
cortex (PFC) regions contralateral to those most active in
younger adults. Participants were scanned with diffusion
tensor imaging and functional magnetic rresonance imaging
during a lateralized word matching task (unilateral vs.
bilateral). Cross-hemispheric communication was measured
behaviorally as greater accuracy for bilateral than
unilateral trials (bilateral processing advantage [BPA]) and
at the neural level by functional and structural
connectivity between contralateral PFC. Compared with the
young, older adults exhibited 1) greater BPAs in the
behavioral task, 2) greater compensatory activity in
contralateral PFC during the bilateral condition, 3) greater
functional connectivity between contralateral PFC during
bilateral trials, and 4) a positive correlation between
fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum and both the
BPA and the functional connectivity between contralateral
PFC, indicating that older adults' ability to distribute
processing across hemispheres is constrained by white matter
integrity. These results clarify how older adults' ability
to recruit extra regions in response to the demands of aging
is mediated by existing structural architecture, and how
this architecture engenders corresponding functional changes
that allow subjects to meet those task demands.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhr123},
Key = {fds274850}
}
@article{fds274851,
Author = {Bennett, IJ and Madden, DJ and Vaidya, CJ and Howard, JH and Howard,
DV},
Title = {White matter integrity correlates of implicit sequence
learning in healthy aging.},
Journal = {Neurobiol Aging},
Volume = {32},
Number = {12},
Pages = {2317.e1-2317.12},
Year = {2011},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1558-1497},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20452099},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Aged • Aging • Brain •
Diffusion Tensor Imaging • Female • Humans •
Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Male • Middle Aged
• Nerve Fibers, Myelinated • Photic Stimulation
• Psychomotor Performance • Reaction Time •
Serial Learning • Young Adult • methods •
physiology • physiology* • psychology},
Abstract = {Previous research has identified subcortical (caudate,
putamen, hippocampus) and cortical (dorsolateral prefrontal
cortex, DLPFC; frontal motor areas) regions involved in
implicit sequence learning, with mixed findings for whether
these neural substrates differ with aging. The present study
used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography to
reconstruct white matter connections between the known gray
matter substrates, and integrity of these tracts was related
to learning in the alternating serial reaction time task
(ASRT) in younger and healthy older adults. Both age groups
showed significant sequence learning (better performance to
predictable, frequently occurring vs. less frequent events),
with an age-related difference in the late learning stage.
Caudate-DLPFC and hippocampus-DLPFC tract integrity were
related to ASRT sequence learning, and these brain-behavior
relationships did not differ significantly between age
groups. Additionally, age-related decreases in caudate-DLPFC
tract integrity mediated age-related differences in late
stage sequence learning. Together, these findings complement
studies of gray matter substrates underlying implicit
sequence learning, and provide evidence for similar white
matter integrity-sequence learning relationships in younger
and healthy older adults.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.03.017},
Key = {fds274851}
}
@article{fds274866,
Author = {Allen, PA and Bucur, B and Grabbe, J and Work, T and Madden,
DJ},
Title = {Influence of encoding difficulty, word frequency, and
phonological regularity on age differences in word
naming.},
Journal = {Exp Aging Res},
Volume = {37},
Number = {3},
Pages = {261-292},
Year = {2011},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1096-4657},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21534029},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Aged • Aged, 80 and over
• Aging • Attention* • Comprehension •
Educational Status • Female • Humans • Male
• Middle Aged • Pattern Recognition, Visual •
Phonetics* • Reaction Time • Reading* •
Recognition (Psychology)* • Semantics* • Verbal
Behavior* • Verbal Learning* • Vocabulary •
Young Adult • psychology*},
Abstract = {It is presently unclear as to why older adults take longer
than younger adults to recognize visually presented words.
To examine this issue in more detail, the authors conducted
two word-naming studies (Experiment 1: 20 older adults and
20 younger adults; Experiment 2: 60 older adults and 60
younger adults) to determine the relative effects of
orthographic encoding (case type), lexical access (word
frequency), and phonological regularity (regular vs.
irregular phonology). The hypothesis was that older adults
attempt to compensate for sensory and motor slowing by using
progressively larger perceptual units (holistic encoding).
However, if forced to use smaller perceptual units (e.g., by
using mixed-case presentation), it was predicted that older
adults would be particularly challenged. Older adults did
show larger case-mixing effects than younger adults
(suggesting that older adults' performances were especially
poor when they were forced to use smaller perceptual units),
but there were no age differences in word frequency or
phonological regularity even though both age groups showed
main effects for these variables. These results suggest that
lexical access skill remains stable in the addressed
(orthographic/semantic) and assembled (phonological) routes
over the life span, but that older adults slow down in
recognizing words because it takes them longer to normalize
(perceptually "clean up") noisier sensory
information.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1080/0361073X.2011.568805},
Key = {fds274866}
}
@article{fds274861,
Author = {Winecoff, A and Labar, KS and Madden, DJ and Cabeza, R and Huettel,
SA},
Title = {Cognitive and neural contributors to emotion regulation in
aging.},
Journal = {Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci},
Volume = {6},
Number = {2},
Pages = {165-176},
Year = {2011},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1749-5024},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20385663},
Keywords = {Aged • Aging • Brain • Brain Mapping* •
Cognition • Emotions • Female • Humans •
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted • Magnetic
Resonance Imaging • Male • Middle Aged •
Neuropsychological Tests • Oxygen • Psychometrics
• Statistics as Topic • Young Adult • anatomy
& histology* • blood • blood supply • methods
• physiology*},
Abstract = {Older adults, compared to younger adults, focus on emotional
well-being. While the lifespan trajectory of emotional
processing and its regulation has been characterized
behaviorally, few studies have investigated the underlying
neural mechanisms. Here, older adults (range: 59-73 years)
and younger adults (range: 19-33 years) participated in a
cognitive reappraisal task during functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. On each trial,
participants viewed positive, negative or neutral pictures
and either naturally experienced the image ('Experience'
condition) or attempted to detach themselves from the image
('Reappraise' condition). Across both age groups, cognitive
reappraisal activated prefrontal regions similar to those
reported in prior studies of emotion regulation, while
emotional experience activated the bilateral amygdala.
Psychophysiological interaction analyses revealed that the
left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and amygdala demonstrated
greater inverse connectivity during the 'Reappraise'
condition relative to the 'Experience' condition. The only
regions exhibiting significant age differences were the left
IFG and the left superior temporal gyrus, for which greater
regulation-related activation was observed in younger
adults. Controlling for age, increased performance on
measures of cognition predicted greater regulation-related
decreases in amygdala activation. Thus, while older and
younger adults use similar brain structures for emotion
regulation and experience, the functional efficacy of those
structures depends on underlying cognitive
ability.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1093/scan/nsq030},
Key = {fds274861}
}
@article{fds274855,
Author = {Madden, DJ and Costello, MC and Dennis, NA and Davis, SW and Shepler,
AM and Spaniol, J and Bucur, B and Cabeza, R},
Title = {Adult age differences in functional connectivity during
executive control.},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {52},
Number = {2},
Pages = {643-657},
Publisher = {ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE},
Year = {2010},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {1095-9572},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20434565},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Aged • Aged, 80 and over
• Aging • Brain • Brain Mapping •
Cognition • Cues • Diffusion Tensor Imaging •
Executive Function • Female • Humans •
Language Tests • Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Male
• Middle Aged • Neural Pathways •
Neuropsychological Tests • Reaction Time • Young
Adult • pathology • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {Task switching requires executive control processes that
undergo age-related decline. Previous neuroimaging studies
have identified age-related differences in brain activation
associated with global switching effects (dual-task blocks
versus single-task blocks), but age-related differences in
activation during local switching effects (switch trials
versus repeat trials, within blocks) have not been
investigated. This experiment used functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI), and diffusion tensor imaging
(DTI), to examine adult age differences in task switching
across adjacent trials (i.e., local task switching). During
fMRI scanning, participants performed a cued, word
categorization task. From interspersed cue-only trials,
switch-related processing associated with the cue was
estimated separately from the target. Activation associated
with task switching, within a distributed frontoparietal
network, differed for cue- and target-related processing.
The magnitude of event-related activation for task switching
was similar for younger adults (n=20; 18-27years) and older
adults (n=20; 60-85years), although activation sustained
throughout the on-tasks periods exhibited some age-related
decline. Critically, the functional connectivity of
switch-related regions, during cue processing, was higher
for younger adults than for older adults, whereas functional
connectivity during target processing was comparable across
the age groups. Further, individual differences in
cue-related functional connectivity shared a substantial
portion of the age-related variability in the efficiency of
target categorization response (drift rate). This
age-related difference in functional connectivity, however,
was independent of white matter integrity within
task-relevant regions. These findings highlight the
functional connectivity of frontoparietal activation as a
potential source of age-related decline in executive
control.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.04.249},
Key = {fds274855}
}
@article{fds274869,
Author = {Costello, MC and Madden, DJ and Shepler, AM and Mitroff, SR and Leber,
AB},
Title = {Age-related preservation of top-down control over
distraction in visual search.},
Journal = {Exp Aging Res},
Volume = {36},
Number = {3},
Pages = {249-272},
Year = {2010},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1096-4657},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20544447},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Aged • Aged, 80 and over
• Aging • Color Vision • Female • Humans
• Intelligence Tests • Male • Middle Aged
• Neuropsychological Tests • Photic Stimulation
• Psychomotor Performance • Reaction Time •
Visual Acuity • Visual Perception • Young Adult
• physiology • physiology* •
psychology*},
Abstract = {Visual search studies have demonstrated that older adults
can have preserved or even increased top-down control over
distraction. However, the results are mixed as to the extent
of this age-related preservation. The present experiment
assesses group differences in younger and older adults
during visual search, with a task featuring two conditions
offering varying degrees of top-down control over
distraction. After controlling for generalized slowing, the
analyses revealed that the age groups were equally capable
of utilizing top-down control to minimize distraction.
Furthermore, for both age groups, the distraction effect was
manifested in a sustained manner across the reaction time
distribution.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1080/0361073X.2010.484719},
Key = {fds274869}
}
@article{fds274852,
Author = {Henninger, DE and Madden, DJ and Huettel, SA},
Title = {Processing speed and memory mediate age-related differences
in decision making.},
Journal = {Psychol Aging},
Volume = {25},
Number = {2},
Pages = {262-270},
Year = {2010},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1939-1498},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20545412},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Aged • Aging •
Decision Making* • Female • Humans •
Individuality • Male • Mental Recall •
Reaction Time* • Risk-Taking • Young Adult •
psychology*},
Abstract = {Decision making under risk changes with age. Increases in
risk aversion with age have been most commonly
characterized, although older adults may be risk seeking in
some decision contexts. An important, and unanswered,
question is whether these changes in decision making reflect
a direct effect of aging or, alternatively, an indirect
effect caused by age-related changes in specific cognitive
processes. In the current study, older adults (M = 71 years)
and younger adults (M = 24 years) completed a battery of
tests of cognitive capacities and decision-making
preferences. The results indicated systematic effects of age
upon decision quality-with both increased risk seeking and
increased risk aversion observed in different
tasks-consistent with prior studies. Path analyses, however,
revealed that age-related effects were mediated by
individual differences in processing speed and memory. When
those variables were included in the model, age was no
longer a significant predictor of decision quality. The
authors conclude that the reduction in decision quality and
associated changes in risk preferences commonly ascribed to
aging are instead mediated by age-related changes in
underlying cognitive capacities.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1037/a0019096},
Key = {fds274852}
}
@article{fds274870,
Author = {Costello, MC and Madden, DJ and Mitroff, SR and Whiting,
WL},
Title = {Age-related decline of visual processing components in
change detection.},
Journal = {Psychol Aging},
Volume = {25},
Number = {2},
Pages = {356-368},
Year = {2010},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1939-1498},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20545420},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Aged • Aging •
Attention* • Choice Behavior • Discrimination
(Psychology)* • Female • Humans • Judgment
• Male • Middle Aged • Pattern Recognition,
Visual* • Psychomotor Performance • Reaction Time
• Young Adult • psychology*},
Abstract = {Previous research has suggested that an age-related decline
in change detection may be due to older adults using a more
conservative response criterion. However, this finding may
reflect methodological limitations of the traditional change
detection design, in which displays are presented
continuously until a change is detected. Across 2
experiments, the authors assessed adult age differences in a
version of change detection that required a response after
each pair of pre- and postchange displays, thus reducing the
potential contribution of response criterion. Older adults
performed worse than younger adults, committing more errors
and requiring a greater number of display cycles for correct
detection. These age-related performance declines were
substantially reduced after controlling statistically for
elementary perceptual speed. Search strategy was largely
similar for the 2 age groups, but perceptual speed was less
successful in accounting for age-related variance in
detectability when a more precise spatial localization of
change was required (Experiment 2). Thus, the negative
effect of aging in the present tasks lies in a reduction of
detection efficiency due largely to processing speed, though
some strategy-level effects may also contribute. (PsycINFO
Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights
reserved).},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1037/a0017625},
Key = {fds274870}
}
@article{fds274863,
Author = {Bucur, B and Madden, DJ},
Title = {Effects of adult age and blood pressure on executive
function and speed of processing.},
Journal = {Exp Aging Res},
Volume = {36},
Number = {2},
Pages = {153-168},
Year = {2010},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1096-4657},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20209419},
Keywords = {Adult • Age Factors • Aged • Aging •
Analysis of Variance • Blood Pressure* • Cognition
• Cross-Sectional Studies • Executive Function*
• Female • Humans • Hypertension • Male
• Mental Processes • Middle Aged •
Neuropsychological Tests • Reaction Time* • Stroop
Test • Task Performance and Analysis • Trail
Making Test • Young Adult • physiology* •
physiopathology* • statistics & numerical
data},
Abstract = {Previous research has established that the effects of
chronically increased blood pressure (BP) on cognition
interact with adult age, but the relevant cognitive
processes are not well defined. In this cross-sectional
study, using a sample matched for age, years of education,
and sex, 134 individuals with either normal BP (n = 71) or
chronically high BP (n = 63) were categorized into younger
(19-39 years), middle-aged (41-58 years), and older (60-79
years) groups. Using a between-subjects analysis of variance
(ANOVA), covarying for race and years of education,
composite measures of executive function and perceptual
speed both exhibited age-related decline. The executive
function measure, however, was associated with a
differential decline in high BP older adults. This result
held even when the executive function scores were covaried
for speed, demonstrating an independent, age-related effect
of higher BP on executive function.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1080/03610731003613482},
Key = {fds274863}
}
@article{fds274859,
Author = {Biswal, BB and Mennes, M and Zuo, X-N and Gohel, S and Kelly, C and Smith,
SM and Beckmann, CF and Adelstein, JS and Buckner, RL and Colcombe, S and Dogonowski, A-M and Ernst, M and Fair, D and Hampson, M and Hoptman, MJ and Hyde, JS and Kiviniemi, VJ and Kötter, R and Li, S-J and Lin, C-P and Lowe, MJ and Mackay, C and Madden, DJ and Madsen, KH and Margulies, DS and Mayberg, HS and McMahon, K and Monk, CS and Mostofsky, SH and Nagel, BJ and Pekar, JJ and Peltier, SJ and Petersen, SE and Riedl, V and Rombouts,
SARB and Rypma, B and Schlaggar, BL and Schmidt, S and Seidler, RD and Siegle, GJ and Sorg, C and Teng, G-J and Veijola, J and Villringer, A and Walter, M and Wang, L and Weng, X-C and Whitfield-Gabrieli, S and Williamson, P and Windischberger, C and Zang, Y-F and Zhang, H-Y and Castellanos, FX and Milham, MP},
Title = {Toward discovery science of human brain function.},
Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
Volume = {107},
Number = {10},
Pages = {4734-4739},
Year = {2010},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1091-6490},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20176931},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Age Factors • Aged
• Algorithms • Analysis of Variance • Brain
• Brain Mapping • Female • Humans •
Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Male • Middle Aged
• Neural Pathways • Sex Factors • Young Adult
• anatomy & histology • anatomy & histology*
• methods* • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {Although it is being successfully implemented for
exploration of the genome, discovery science has eluded the
functional neuroimaging community. The core challenge
remains the development of common paradigms for
interrogating the myriad functional systems in the brain
without the constraints of a priori hypotheses.
Resting-state functional MRI (R-fMRI) constitutes a
candidate approach capable of addressing this challenge.
Imaging the brain during rest reveals large-amplitude
spontaneous low-frequency (<0.1 Hz) fluctuations in the fMRI
signal that are temporally correlated across functionally
related areas. Referred to as functional connectivity, these
correlations yield detailed maps of complex neural systems,
collectively constituting an individual's "functional
connectome." Reproducibility across datasets and individuals
suggests the functional connectome has a common
architecture, yet each individual's functional connectome
exhibits unique features, with stable, meaningful
interindividual differences in connectivity patterns and
strengths. Comprehensive mapping of the functional
connectome, and its subsequent exploitation to discern
genetic influences and brain-behavior relationships, will
require multicenter collaborative datasets. Here we initiate
this endeavor by gathering R-fMRI data from 1,414 volunteers
collected independently at 35 international centers. We
demonstrate a universal architecture of positive and
negative functional connections, as well as consistent loci
of inter-individual variability. Age and sex emerged as
significant determinants. These results demonstrate that
independent R-fMRI datasets can be aggregated and shared.
High-throughput R-fMRI can provide quantitative phenotypes
for molecular genetic studies and biomarkers of
developmental and pathological processes in the brain. To
initiate discovery science of brain function, the 1000
Functional Connectomes Project dataset is freely accessible
at www.nitrc.org/projects/fcon_1000/.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0911855107},
Key = {fds274859}
}
@article{fds274860,
Author = {Bennett, IJ and Madden, DJ and Vaidya, CJ and Howard, DV and Howard,
JH},
Title = {Age-related differences in multiple measures of white matter
integrity: A diffusion tensor imaging study of healthy
aging.},
Journal = {Hum Brain Mapp},
Volume = {31},
Number = {3},
Pages = {378-390},
Year = {2010},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1097-0193},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19662658},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Aged • Aging • Anisotropy •
Brain • Diffusion Tensor Imaging • Female •
Health Status • Humans • Male • Middle Aged
• Nerve Fibers, Myelinated • Neuropsychological
Tests • Young Adult • pathology*},
Abstract = {Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures diffusion of
molecular water, which can be used to calculate indices of
white matter integrity. Early DTI studies of aging primarily
focused on two global measures of integrity; the average
rate (mean diffusivity, MD) and orientation coherence
(fractional anisotropy, FA) of diffusion. More recent
studies have added measures of water movement parallel
(axial diffusivity, AD) and perpendicular (radial
diffusivity, RD) to the primary diffusion direction, which
are thought to reflect the neural bases of age differences
in diffusion (i.e., axonal shrinkage and demyelination,
respectively). In this study, patterns of age differences in
white matter integrity were assessed by comparing younger
and healthy older adults on multiple measures of integrity
(FA, AD, and RD). Results revealed two commonly reported
patterns (Radial Increase Only and Radial/Axial Increase),
and one relatively novel pattern (Radial Increase/Axial
Decrease) that varied by brain region and may reflect
differential aging of microstructural (e.g., degree of
myelination) and macrostructural (e.g., coherence of fiber
orientation) properties of white matter. In addition, larger
age differences in FA in frontal white matter were
consistent with the anterior-posterior gradient of age
differences in white matter integrity. Together, these
findings complement other recent studies in providing
information about patterns of diffusivity that are
characteristic of healthy aging.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/hbm.20872},
Key = {fds274860}
}
@article{fds274854,
Author = {Madden, DJ and Bennett, IJ and Song, AW},
Title = {Cerebral white matter integrity and cognitive aging:
contributions from diffusion tensor imaging.},
Journal = {Neuropsychol Rev},
Volume = {19},
Number = {4},
Pages = {415-435},
Year = {2009},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1573-6660},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19705281},
Keywords = {Aging • Animals • Brain • Cognition •
Cognition Disorders • Diffusion Tensor Imaging •
Humans • Nerve Fibers, Myelinated • Neural
Pathways • etiology • pathology •
pathology*},
Abstract = {The integrity of cerebral white matter is critical for
efficient cognitive functioning, but little is known
regarding the role of white matter integrity in age-related
differences in cognition. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)
measures the directional displacement of molecular water and
as a result can characterize the properties of white matter
that combine to restrict diffusivity in a spatially coherent
manner. This review considers DTI studies of aging and their
implications for understanding adult age differences in
cognitive performance. Decline in white matter integrity
contributes to a disconnection among distributed neural
systems, with a consistent effect on perceptual speed and
executive functioning. The relation between white matter
integrity and cognition varies across brain regions, with
some evidence suggesting that age-related effects exhibit an
anterior-posterior gradient. With continued improvements in
spatial resolution and integration with functional brain
imaging, DTI holds considerable promise, both for theories
of cognitive aging and for translational
application.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1007/s11065-009-9113-2},
Key = {fds274854}
}
@article{fds274865,
Author = {Chen, N-K and Chou, Y-H and Song, AW and Madden, DJ},
Title = {Measurement of spontaneous signal fluctuations in fMRI:
adult age differences in intrinsic functional
connectivity.},
Journal = {Brain Struct Funct},
Volume = {213},
Number = {6},
Pages = {571-585},
Year = {2009},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1863-2653},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19727810},
Keywords = {Adult • Aged • Aging • Cognition •
Corpus Callosum • Diffusion Tensor Imaging •
Female • Frontal Lobe • Humans • Image
Processing, Computer-Assisted • Magnetic Resonance
Imaging • Male • Middle Aged • Perception
• anatomy & histology • methods • methods*
• physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {Functional connectivity (FC) reflects the coherence of
spontaneous, low-frequency fluctuations in functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. We report a
behavior-based connectivity analysis method, in which
whole-brain data are used to identify behaviorally relevant,
intrinsic FC networks. Nineteen younger adults (20-28 years)
and 19 healthy, older adults (63-78 years) were assessed
with fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Results
indicated that FC involving a distributed network of brain
regions, particularly the inferior frontal gyri, exhibited
age-related change in the correlation with perceptual-motor
speed (choice reaction time; RT). No relation between FC and
RT was evident for younger adults, whereas older adults
exhibited a significant age-related slowing of
perceptual-motor speed, which was mediated by decreasing FC.
Older adults' FC values were in turn associated positively
with white matter integrity (from DTI) within the genu of
the corpus callosum. The developed FC analysis illustrates
the value of identifying connectivity by combining
structural, functional, and behavioral data.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1007/s00429-009-0218-4},
Key = {fds274865}
}
@article{fds274868,
Author = {Davis, SW and Dennis, NA and Buchler, NG and White, LE and Madden, DJ and Cabeza, R},
Title = {Assessing the effects of age on long white matter tracts
using diffusion tensor tractography.},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {46},
Number = {2},
Pages = {530-541},
Year = {2009},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1095-9572},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19385018},
Keywords = {Adult • Aged • Aging • Brain • Diffusion
Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Female • Humans
• Male • Middle Aged • Nerve Fibers,
Myelinated • anatomy & histology* • cytology*
• methods* • pathology* • physiology* •
ultrastructure*},
Abstract = {Aging is associated with significant white matter
deterioration and this deterioration is assumed to be at
least partly a consequence of myelin degeneration. The
present study investigated specific predictions of the
myelodegeneration hypothesis using diffusion tensor
tractography. This technique has several advantages over
other methods of assessing white matter architecture,
including the possibility of isolating individual white
matter tracts and measuring effects along the whole extent
of each tract. The study yielded three main findings. First,
age-related white matter deficits increased gradually from
posterior to anterior segments within specific fiber tracts
traversing frontal and parietal, but not temporal cortex.
This pattern inverts the sequence of myelination during
childhood and early development observed in previous studies
and lends support to a "last-in-first-out" theory of the
white matter health across the lifespan. Second, both the
effects of aging on white matter and their impact on
cognitive performance were stronger for radial diffusivity
(RD) than for axial diffusivity (AD). Given that RD has
previously been shown to be more sensitive to myelin
integrity than AD, this second finding is also consistent
with the myelodegeneration hypothesis. Finally, the effects
of aging on select white matter tracts were associated with
age difference in specific cognitive functions.
Specifically, FA in anterior tracts was shown to be
primarily associated with executive tasks and FA in
posterior tracts mainly associated with visual memory tasks.
Furthermore, these correlations were mirrored in RD, but not
AD, suggesting that RD is more sensitive to age-related
changes in cognition. Taken together, the results help to
clarify how age-related white matter decline impairs
cognitive performance.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.01.068},
Key = {fds274868}
}
@article{fds274858,
Author = {Madden, DJ and Spaniol, J and Costello, MC and Bucur, B and White, LE and Cabeza, R and Davis, SW and Dennis, NA and Provenzale, JM and Huettel,
SA},
Title = {Cerebral white matter integrity mediates adult age
differences in cognitive performance.},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {21},
Number = {2},
Pages = {289-302},
Year = {2009},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18564054},
Keywords = {Adult • Age Factors • Aged • Aged, 80 and
over • Aging • Anisotropy • Brain •
Cognition • Corpus Callosum • Cues • Female
• Humans • Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Male
• Middle Aged • Neuropsychological Tests •
Psychomotor Performance • Reaction Time • Young
Adult • anatomy & histology • anatomy & histology*
• physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {Previous research has established that age-related decline
occurs in measures of cerebral white matter integrity, but
the role of this decline in age-related cognitive changes is
not clear. To conclude that white matter integrity has a
mediating (causal) contribution, it is necessary to
demonstrate that statistical control of the white
matter-cognition relation reduces the magnitude of
age-cognition relation. In this research, we tested the
mediating role of white matter integrity, in the context of
a task-switching paradigm involving word categorization.
Participants were 20 healthy, community-dwelling older
adults (60-85 years), and 20 younger adults (18-27 years).
From diffusion tensor imaging tractography, we obtained
fractional anisotropy (FA) as an index of white matter
integrity in the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum
and the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). Mean FA
values exhibited age-related decline consistent with a
decrease in white matter integrity. From a model of reaction
time distributions, we obtained independent estimates of the
decisional and nondecisional (perceptual-motor) components
of task performance. Age-related decline was evident in both
components. Critically, age differences in task performance
were mediated by FA in two regions: the central portion of
the genu, and splenium-parietal fibers in the right
hemisphere. This relation held only for the decisional
component and was not evident in the nondecisional
component. This result is the first demonstration that the
integrity of specific white matter tracts is a mediator of
age-related changes in cognitive performance.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn.2009.21047},
Key = {fds274858}
}
@article{fds319646,
Author = {Chen, N-K and Chou, Y-H and Song, AW and Madden, DJ},
Title = {Measurement of spontaneous signal fluctuations in fMRI:
adult age differences in intrinsic functional
connectivity},
Journal = {Brain Structure and Function},
Pages = {1-15},
Year = {2009},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-009-0218-4},
Abstract = {Functional connectivity (FC) reflects the coherence of
spontaneous, low-frequency fluctuations in functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. We report a
behavior-based connectivity analysis method, in which
whole-brain data are used to identify behaviorally relevant,
intrinsic FC networks. Nineteen younger adults
(20-28 years) and 19 healthy, older adults (63-78 years)
were assessed with fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).
Results indicated that FC involving a distributed network of
brain regions, particularly the inferior frontal gyri,
exhibited age-related change in the correlation with
perceptual-motor speed (choice reaction time; RT). No
relation between FC and RT was evident for younger adults,
whereas older adults exhibited a significant age-related
slowing of perceptual-motor speed, which was mediated by
decreasing FC. Older adults' FC values were in turn
associated positively with white matter integrity (from DTI)
within the genu of the corpus callosum. The developed FC
analysis illustrates the value of identifying connectivity
by combining structural, functional, and behavioral data. ©
2009 Springer-Verlag.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00429-009-0218-4},
Key = {fds319646}
}
@article{fds274856,
Author = {Bucur, B and Madden, DJ and Spaniol, J and Provenzale, JM and Cabeza, R and White, LE and Huettel, SA},
Title = {Age-related slowing of memory retrieval: contributions of
perceptual speed and cerebral white matter
integrity.},
Journal = {Neurobiol Aging},
Volume = {29},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1070-1079},
Year = {2008},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1558-1497},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17383774},
Keywords = {Adult • Aged • Aging • Brain • Female
• Humans • Male • Mental Recall • Middle
Aged • Nerve Fibers, Myelinated • Reaction Time
• Speech Perception • Task Performance and
Analysis • anatomy & histology* • physiology*
• ultrastructure*},
Abstract = {Previous research suggests that, in reaction time (RT)
measures of episodic memory retrieval, the unique effects of
adult age are relatively small compared to the effects aging
shares with more elementary abilities such as perceptual
speed. Little is known, however, regarding the mechanisms of
perceptual speed. We used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to
test the hypothesis that white matter integrity, as indexed
by fractional anisotropy (FA), serves as one mechanism of
perceptual slowing in episodic memory retrieval. Results
indicated that declines in FA in the pericallosal frontal
region and in the genu of the corpus callosum, but not in
other regions, mediated the relationship between perceptual
speed and episodic retrieval RT. This relation held, though
to a different degree, for both hits and correct rejections.
These findings suggest that white matter integrity in
prefrontal regions is one mechanism underlying the relation
between individual differences in perceptual speed and
episodic retrieval.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.02.008},
Key = {fds274856}
}
@article{fds274857,
Author = {Dennis, NA and Hayes, SM and Prince, SE and Madden, DJ and Huettel, SA and Cabeza, R},
Title = {Effects of aging on the neural correlates of successful item
and source memory encoding.},
Journal = {J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn},
Volume = {34},
Number = {4},
Pages = {791-808},
Year = {2008},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0278-7393},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18605869},
Keywords = {Adult • Aging • Face • Female •
Hippocampus • Humans • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Male • Memory • Neuropsychological Tests
• Parahippocampal Gyrus • Prefrontal Cortex •
physiology*},
Abstract = {To investigate the neural basis of age-related source memory
(SM) deficits, young and older adults were scanned with fMRI
while encoding faces, scenes, and face-scene pairs.
Successful encoding activity was identified by comparing
encoding activity for subsequently remembered versus
forgotten items or pairs. Age deficits in successful
encoding activity in hippocampal and prefrontal regions were
more pronounced for SM (pairs) as compared with item memory
(faces and scenes). Age-related reductions were also found
in regions specialized in processing faces (fusiform face
area) and scenes (parahippocampal place area), but these
reductions were similar for item and SM. Functional
connectivity between the hippocampus and the rest of the
brain was also affected by aging; whereas connections with
posterior cortices were weaker in older adults, connections
with anterior cortices, including prefrontal regions, were
stronger in older adults. Taken together, the results
provide a link between SM deficits in older adults and
reduced recruitment of hippocampal and prefrontal regions
during encoding. The functional connectivity findings are
consistent with a posterior-anterior shift with aging
previously reported in several cognitive domains and linked
to functional compensation.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1037/0278-7393.34.4.791},
Key = {fds274857}
}
@article{fds135359,
Title = {Kramer, A. F., & Madden, D. J. (2008). Attention. In: F. I.
M. Craik & T. A. Salthouse (Eds.), The handbook of aging and
cognition (3rd ed., 189-249). Mahwah, NJ:
Erlbaum. },
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds135359}
}
@article{fds274849,
Author = {Whiting, WL and Madden, DJ and Babcock, KJ},
Title = {Overriding age differences in attentional capture with
top-down processing.},
Journal = {Psychol Aging},
Volume = {22},
Number = {2},
Pages = {223-232},
Year = {2007},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0882-7974},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17563178},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Aged • Aging •
Attention* • Color Perception* • Cues •
Discrimination Learning* • Female • Humans •
Male • Middle Aged • Orientation* • Pattern
Recognition, Visual* • Psychophysics •
psychology*},
Abstract = {Two experiments investigated the influence of top-down
information on adult age differences in the ability to
search for singleton targets using spatial cues. In
Experiment 1, both younger and older adults were equally
able to use target-related top-down information (target
feature predictability) to avoid attentional capture by
uninformative (25% valid) cues. However, during informative
(75% valid) cue conditions, older adults demonstrated less
efficient use of this cue-related top-down information. The
authors extended these findings in Experiment 2 using cues
that were either consistent or inconsistent with top-down
feature settings. Results from this second experiment showed
that although older adults were capable of avoiding
attentional capture when provided with top-down information
related to target features, capture effects for older adults
were notably larger than those of younger adults when only
bottom-up information was available. The authors suggest
that older adults' ability to use top-down information
during search to avoid or attend to cues may be
resource-limited.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1037/0882-7974.22.2.223},
Key = {fds274849}
}
@article{fds274872,
Author = {Madden, DJ and Spaniol, J and Bucur, B and Whiting,
WL},
Title = {Age-related increase in top-down activation of visual
features.},
Journal = {Q J Exp Psychol (Hove)},
Volume = {60},
Number = {5},
Pages = {644-651},
Year = {2007},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1747-0218},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17455072},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Age Factors • Aged
• Aging • Discrimination (Psychology) •
Female • Fixation, Ocular • Health Status* •
Humans • Inhibition (Psychology) • Male •
Middle Aged • Visual Fields • Visual Perception*
• physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {Previous research suggests that, during visual search and
discrimination tasks, older adults place greater emphasis
than younger adults on top-down attention. This experiment
investigated the relative contribution of target activation
and distractor inhibition to this age difference. Younger
and older adults performed a singleton discrimination task
in which either an E or an R target (colour singleton) was
present among distractor letters. Relative to a baseline
condition in which the colours of the targets and
distractors remained constant, an age-related slowing of
performance was evident when either the colour of the target
or that of the distractors varied across trials. The
age-related slowing was more pronounced in response to
target colour variation, suggesting that older adults place
relatively greater emphasis on the top-down activation of
target features.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1080/17470210601154347},
Key = {fds274872}
}
@article{fds274864,
Author = {Madden, DJ},
Title = {Aging and Visual Attention.},
Journal = {Curr Dir Psychol Sci},
Volume = {16},
Number = {2},
Pages = {70-74},
Year = {2007},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0963-7214},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18080001},
Abstract = {Older adults are often slower and less accurate than are
younger adults in performing visual-search tasks, suggesting
an age-related decline in attentional functioning.
Age-related decline in attention, however, is not entirely
pervasive. Visual search that is based on the observer's
expectations (i.e., top-down attention) is relatively
preserved as a function of adult age. Neuroimaging research
suggests that age-related decline occurs in the structure
and function of brain regions mediating the visual sensory
input, whereas activation of regions in the frontal and
parietal lobes is often greater for older adults than for
younger adults. This increased activation may represent an
age-related increase in the role of top-down attention
during visual tasks. To obtain a more complete account of
age-related decline and preservation of visual attention,
current research is beginning to explore the relation of
neuroimaging measures of brain structure and function to
behavioral measures of visual attention.},
Language = {ENG},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00478.x},
Key = {fds274864}
}
@article{fds274871,
Author = {Madden, DJ and Spaniol, J and Whiting, WL and Bucur, B and Provenzale,
JM and Cabeza, R and White, LE and Huettel, SA},
Title = {Adult age differences in the functional neuroanatomy of
visual attention: a combined fMRI and DTI
study.},
Journal = {Neurobiol Aging},
Volume = {28},
Number = {3},
Pages = {459-476},
Year = {2007},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1558-1497},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16500004},
Keywords = {Adult • Aging • Anisotropy • Attention •
Brain Mapping • Choice Behavior • Diffusion
Magnetic Resonance Imaging* • Female • Humans
• Image Processing, Computer-Assisted • Magnetic
Resonance Imaging* • Male • Multivariate Analysis
• Oxygen • Photic Stimulation • Reaction Time
• Statistics as Topic • Visual Cortex* •
Visual Perception • anatomy & histology • blood
• blood supply • metabolism • methods •
physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {We combined measures from event-related functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI),
and cognitive performance (visual search response time) to
test the hypotheses that differences between younger and
older adults in top-down (goal-directed) attention would be
related to cortical activation, and that white matter
integrity as measured by DTI (fractional anisotropy, FA)
would be a mediator of this age-related effect. Activation
in frontal and parietal cortical regions was overall greater
for older adults than for younger adults. The relation
between activation and search performance supported the
hypothesis of age differences in top-down attention. When
the task involved top-down control (increased target
predictability), performance was associated with
frontoparietal activation for older adults, but with
occipital (fusiform) activation for younger adults. White
matter integrity (FA) exhibited an age-related decline that
was more pronounced for anterior brain regions than for
posterior regions, but white matter integrity did not
specifically mediate the age-related increase in activation
of the frontoparietal attentional network.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.01.005},
Key = {fds274871}
}
@article{fds274867,
Author = {Marks, BL and Madden, DJ and Bucur, B and Provenzale, JM and White, LE and Cabeza, R and Huettel, SA},
Title = {Role of aerobic fitness and aging on cerebral white matter
integrity.},
Journal = {Ann N Y Acad Sci},
Volume = {1097},
Pages = {171-174},
Year = {2007},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0077-8923},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17413020},
Keywords = {Adult • Aerobiosis • Aged • Aging •
Anaerobic Threshold • Anisotropy • Body Mass Index
• Brain • Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Female • Humans • Male • Motor
Activity • Oxygen Consumption • Physical Fitness
• Sex Characteristics • growth & development*
• physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {Neuroimaging research suggests that cerebral white matter
(WM) integrity, as reflected in fractional anisotropy (FA)
via diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), is decreased in older
adults, especially in the prefrontal regions of the brain.
Behavioral investigations of cognitive functioning suggest
that some aspects of cognition may be better preserved in
older adults who possess higher levels of aerobic fitness.
There are only a few studies, however, investigating
potential mechanisms for the improvements in aerobic
fitness. Our study suggests that greater aerobic fitness may
be related to greater WM integrity in select brain
regions.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1196/annals.1379.022},
Key = {fds274867}
}
@article{fds274813,
Author = {Bucur, B and Madden, DJ},
Title = {Information processing/cognition},
Pages = {749-758},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Gerontology},
Publisher = {Elsevier},
Year = {2007},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780123708700},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-370870-2/00099-8},
Doi = {10.1016/B0-12-370870-2/00099-8},
Key = {fds274813}
}
@article{fds135360,
Title = {Salthouse, T. A., & Madden, D. J. (2007). Information
processing speed and aging. In J. Deluca & J. Kalmar (Eds.),
Information processing speed in clinical populations (pp.
221-241). New York: Psychology Press.},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds135360}
}
@article{fds274875,
Author = {Daselaar, SM and Fleck, MS and Dobbins, IG and Madden, DJ and Cabeza,
R},
Title = {Effects of healthy aging on hippocampal and rhinal memory
functions: an event-related fMRI study.},
Journal = {Cereb Cortex},
Volume = {16},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1771-1782},
Year = {2006},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1047-3211},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16421332},
Keywords = {Adult • Aged • Aging • Behavior • Brain
Mapping • Entorhinal Cortex • Hippocampus •
Humans • Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Memory
• Neuropsychological Tests • ROC Curve •
Recognition (Psychology) • anatomy & histology •
physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging was used
to study the effects of healthy aging on hippocampal and
rhinal memory functions. Memory for past events can be based
on retrieval accompanied by specific contextual details
(recollection) or on the feeling that an event is old or new
without the recovery of contextual details (familiarity).
There is evidence that recollection is more dependent on
hippocampus, whereas familiarity is more dependent on the
rhinal cortex, and that healthy aging has greater effects on
recollection than on familiarity. However, little evidence
is available about the neural correlates of these effects.
Here, we isolated activity associated with recollection and
familiarity by distinguishing between linear and
quasi-exponential "perceived oldness" functions derived from
recognition confidence levels. The main finding was a double
dissociation within the medial temporal lobes between
recollection-related activity in hippocampus, which was
reduced by aging, and familiarity-related activity in rhinal
cortex, which was increased by aging. In addition, age
dissociations were found within parietal and posterior
midline regions. Finally, aging reduced functional
connectivity within a hippocampal-retrosplenial/parietotemporal
network but increased connectivity within a rhinal-frontal
network. These findings indicate that older adults
compensate for hippocampal deficits by relying more on
rhinal cortex, possibly through a top-down frontal
modulation. This finding has important clinical implications
because early Alzheimer's disease impairs both hippocampus
and rhinal cortex.},
Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhj112},
Key = {fds274875}
}
@article{fds274880,
Author = {Spaniol, J and Madden, DJ and Voss, A},
Title = {A diffusion model analysis of adult age differences in
episodic and semantic long-term memory retrieval.},
Journal = {J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn},
Volume = {32},
Number = {1},
Pages = {101-117},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0278-7393},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16478344},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Aged • Aged, 80 and over
• Aging • Association Learning* • Attention*
• Choice Behavior • Color Perception •
Computer Graphics • Contrast Sensitivity •
Decision Making • Female • Functional Laterality
• Humans • Male • Memory, Short-Term* •
Middle Aged • Models, Psychological • Orientation
• Psychomotor Performance • Psychophysics •
Reaction Time* • Retention (Psychology) • Serial
Learning • Verbal Learning* • psychology*},
Abstract = {Two experiments investigated adult age differences in
episodic and semantic long-term memory tasks, as a test of
the hypothesis of specific age-related decline in context
memory. Older adults were slower and exhibited lower
episodic accuracy than younger adults. Fits of the diffusion
model (R. Ratcliff, 1978) revealed age-related increases in
non-decisional reaction time for both episodic and semantic
retrieval. In Experiment 2, an age difference in boundary
separation also indicated an age-related increase in
conservative criterion setting. For episodic old-new
recognition (Experiment 1) and source memory (Experiment 2),
there was an age-related decrease in the quality of
decision-driving information (drift rate). As predicted by
the context-memory deficit hypothesis, there was no
corresponding age-related decline in semantic drift
rate.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1037/0278-7393.32.1.101},
Key = {fds274880}
}
@article{fds274877,
Author = {Bucur, B and Madden, DJ and Allen, PA},
Title = {Age-related differences in the processing of redundant
visual dimensions.},
Journal = {Psychol Aging},
Volume = {20},
Number = {3},
Pages = {435-446},
Year = {2005},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0882-7974},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16248703},
Keywords = {Aged • Aged, 80 and over • Aging • Analysis
of Variance • Attention* • Color Perception*
• Female • Humans • Male • Memory,
Short-Term* • Middle Aged • Neuropsychological
Tests • Orientation* • Pattern Recognition,
Visual* • Psychometrics • Reaction Time* •
Reproducibility of Results • psychology* •
statistics & numerical data},
Abstract = {Age differences in the redundant-signals effect and
coactivation of visual dimensions were investigated in 2
experiments. In Experiment 1 the task required the
conjoining of dimensions, whereas in Experiment 2 the
spatial separation of dimensions was manipulated. Although
coactivation was evident for both age groups when the
redundant dimensions occurred at the same location, older
adults showed more evidence for coactivation, perhaps
because of compensation for declines in perceptual
processing. When the redundant dimensions were separated,
neither age group showed evidence for coactivation. These
findings indicate that the coactive processing of redundant
visual dimensions is spared in healthy older adults and that
for both groups, attention must be focused on both
dimensions for coactivation to occur.},
Doi = {10.1037/0882-7974.20.3.435},
Key = {fds274877}
}
@article{fds274876,
Author = {Kealey, SM and Kim, Y and Whiting, WL and Madden, DJ and Provenzale,
JM},
Title = {Determination of multiple sclerosis plaque size with
diffusion-tensor MR Imaging: comparison study with healthy
volunteers.},
Journal = {Radiology},
Volume = {236},
Number = {2},
Pages = {615-620},
Year = {2005},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0033-8419},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16040917},
Keywords = {Adult • Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging* •
Female • Humans • Male • Middle Aged •
Multiple Sclerosis • Retrospective Studies •
pathology*},
Abstract = {PURPOSE: To use diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance (MR)
imaging to measure involvement of normal-appearing white
matter (WM) immediately adjacent to multiple sclerosis (MS)
plaques and thus redefine actual plaque size on
diffusion-tensor images through comparison with T2-weighted
images of equivalent areas in healthy volunteers. MATERIALS
AND METHODS: Informed consent was not required given the
retrospective nature of the study on an anonymized database.
The study complied with requirements of the Health Insurance
Portability and Accountability Act. Twelve patients with MS
(four men, eight women; mean age, 35 years) and 14 healthy
volunteers (six men, eight women; mean age, 25 years) were
studied. The authors obtained fractional anisotropy (FA)
values in MS plaques and in the adjacent normal-appearing WM
in patients with MS and in equivalent areas in healthy
volunteers. They placed regions of interest (ROIs) around
the periphery of plaques and defined the total ROIs (ie,
plaques plus peripheral ROIs) as abnormal if their mean FA
values were at least 2 standard deviations below those of
equivalent ROIs within equivalent regions in healthy
volunteers. The combined area of the plaque and the
peripheral ROI was compared with the area of the plaque seen
on T2-weighted MR images by means of a Student paired t test
(P = .05). RESULTS: The mean plaque size on T2-weighted
images was 72 mm2 +/- 21 (standard deviation). The mean
plaque FA value was 0.285 +/- 0.088 (0.447 +/- 0.069 in
healthy volunteers [P < .001]; mean percentage reduction in
FA in MS plaques, 37%). The mean plaque size on FA maps was
91 mm2 +/- 35, a mean increase of 127% compared with the
size of the original plaque on T2-weighted images (P = .03).
CONCLUSION: A significant increase in plaque size was seen
when normal-appearing WM was interrogated with
diffusion-tensor MR imaging. This imaging technique may
represent a more sensitive method of assessing disease
burden and may have a future role in determining disease
burden and activity.},
Doi = {10.1148/radiol.2362040014},
Key = {fds274876}
}
@article{fds274879,
Author = {Madden, DJ and Whiting, WL and Spaniol, J and Bucur,
B},
Title = {Adult age differences in the implicit and explicit
components of top-down attentional guidance during visual
search.},
Journal = {Psychol Aging},
Volume = {20},
Number = {2},
Pages = {317-329},
Year = {2005},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0882-7974},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16029095},
Keywords = {Adult • Aged • Aged, 80 and over • Aging
• Attention* • Female • Humans •
Knowledge • Male • Middle Aged • Task
Performance and Analysis • Visual Perception* •
psychology*},
Abstract = {Two experiments investigated adult age differences in the
explicit (knowledge-based) and implicit (repetition priming)
components of top-down attentional guidance during
discrimination of a target singleton. Experiment 1
demonstrated an additional contribution of explicit top-down
attention, relative to the implicit effect of repetition
priming, which was similar in magnitude for younger and
older adults. Experiment 2 examined repetition priming of
target activation and distractor inhibition independently.
The additional contribution of explicit top-down attention,
relative to the repetition priming of distractor inhibition,
was greater for older adults than for younger adults. The
results suggest that some forms of top-down attentional
control are preserved as a function of adult age and may
operate in a compensatory manner.},
Doi = {10.1037/0882-7974.20.2.317},
Key = {fds274879}
}
@article{fds274881,
Author = {Whiting, WL and Madden, DJ and Pierce, TW and Allen,
PA},
Title = {Searching from the top down: ageing and attentional guidance
during singleton detection.},
Journal = {Q J Exp Psychol A},
Volume = {58},
Number = {1},
Pages = {72-97},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0272-4987},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15881292},
Keywords = {Adult • Age Factors • Aged • Aged, 80 and
over • Aging • Attention* • Exploratory
Behavior* • Female • Humans • Male •
Middle Aged • Reaction Time • Signal Detection
(Psychology)* • Space Perception* •
physiology*},
Abstract = {Previous investigations of adult age differences in visual
search suggest that an age-related decline may exist in
attentional processes dependent on the observer's knowledge
of task-relevant features (top-down processing). The present
experiments were conducted to examine age-related changes in
top-down attentional guidance during a highly efficient form
of search, singleton detection. In Experiment 1 reaction
times to detect targets were lower when target features were
constant (feature condition) than when target features were
allowed to vary between trials (mixed condition), and this
reaction time benefit was similar for younger and older
adults. Experiments 2 and 3 investigated possible
interactions between top-down and bottom-up
(stimulus-driven) processes. Experiment 2 demonstrated that
search times for both age groups could be improved when
targets varied on an additional feature from distractors
(double-feature condition) but only when top-down control
was available (feature search). In Experiment 3, the
availability of top-down guidance enabled both younger and
older adults to override the distracting effects of a
noninformative spatial location cue. 'l'hese findings
indicate that top-down attentional control mechanisms
interact with bottom-up processes to guide search for
targets, and that in the context of singleton detection
these mechanisms of top-down control are preserved for older
adults.},
Doi = {10.1080/02724980443000205},
Key = {fds274881}
}
@article{fds135361,
Title = {Madden, D. J., Whiting, W. L., & Huettel, S. A. (2005).
Age-related changes in neural activity during visual
perception and attention. In R. Cabeza, L. Nyberg, & D. C.
Park (Eds.), Cognitive neuroscience of aging: Linking
cognitive and cerebral aging (pp. 155-183). New York: Oxford
University Press. },
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds135361}
}
@article{fds274873,
Author = {Madden, DJ and Whiting, WL and Cabeza, R and Huettel,
SA},
Title = {Age-related preservation of top-down attentional guidance
during visual search.},
Journal = {Psychol Aging},
Volume = {19},
Number = {2},
Pages = {304-309},
Year = {2004},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0882-7974},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15222823},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Age Factors • Aged
• Aged, 80 and over • Aging • Attention*
• Cues* • Exploratory Behavior* • Female
• Humans • Male • Middle Aged •
Questionnaires • Random Allocation • Reaction
Time* • Visual Perception* • physiology*},
Abstract = {Younger (19-27 years of age) and older (60-82 years of age)
adults performed a letter search task in which a color
singleton was either noninformative (baseline condition) or
highly informative (guided condition) regarding target
location. In the guided condition, both age groups exhibited
a substantial decrease in response time (RT) to singleton
targets, relative to the baseline condition, as well as an
increase in RT to nonsingleton targets. The authors conclude
that under conditions that equate the physical structure of
individual displays, top-down attentional guidance can be at
least as effective for older adults as for younger
adults.},
Doi = {10.1037/0882-7974.19.2.304},
Key = {fds274873}
}
@article{fds274878,
Author = {Madden, DJ and Whiting, WL and Huettel, SA and White, LE and MacFall,
JR and Provenzale, JM},
Title = {Diffusion tensor imaging of adult age differences in
cerebral white matter: relation to response
time.},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {21},
Number = {3},
Pages = {1174-1181},
Year = {2004},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1053-8119},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15006684},
Keywords = {Adult • Aging • Algorithms • Anisotropy
• Brain • Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Female • Humans • Image Interpretation,
Computer-Assisted • Male • Neural Pathways •
Prefrontal Cortex • Psychomotor Performance •
Reaction Time • anatomy & histology • anatomy &
histology* • growth & development* • methods*
• physiology • physiology*},
Abstract = {Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures the displacement of
water molecules across tissue components, thus providing
information regarding the microstructure of cerebral white
matter. Fractional anisotropy (FA), the degree to which
diffusion is directionally dependent, is typically higher
for compact, homogeneous fiber bundles such as the corpus
callosum. Previous DTI studies in adults have demonstrated
an age-related decline in white matter FA, but whether the
relation between FA and behavioral performance varies as a
function of age has not been determined. We investigated
adult age differences in FA, and age-related changes in the
relation between FA and response time (RT), in a visual
target-detection task. The results confirmed that,
independently of age, FA is higher in the corpus callosum
than in other brain regions. We also observed an age-related
decline in FA that did not vary significantly across the
brain regions. For both age groups, a lower level of
integrity of the cerebral white matter (as indexed by FA),
in specific brain regions, was associated with slower
responses in the visual task. An age-related change in this
relation was evident, however, in that the best predictor of
RT for younger adults was FA in the splenium of the corpus
callosum, whereas for older adults the best predictor was FA
in the anterior limb of the internal capsule. This pattern
is consistent with measures of the task-related cortical
activation obtained from these same individuals and suggests
an age-related increase in the attentional control of
responses mediated by corticostriatal or corticothalamic
circuits.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.11.004},
Key = {fds274878}
}
@article{fds274882,
Author = {Madden, DJ and Whiting, WL and Provenzale, JM and Huettel,
SA},
Title = {Age-related changes in neural activity during visual target
detection measured by fMRI.},
Journal = {Cereb Cortex},
Volume = {14},
Number = {2},
Pages = {143-155},
Year = {2004},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1047-3211},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14704211},
Keywords = {Adult • Aged • Aging • Analysis of Variance
• Female • Humans • Magnetic Resonance
Imaging • Male • Middle Aged • Neurons •
Photic Stimulation • Prefrontal Cortex • Reaction
Time • Regression Analysis • Visual Perception
• methods* • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of a
visual target detection (oddball) task to investigate age
differences in neural activation for the detection of two
types of infrequent events: visually simple items requiring
a response shift (targets) and visually complex items that
did not entail a response shift (novels). Targets activated
several prefrontal regions (e.g. middle frontal gyrus), as
well as deep gray matter regions (caudate, putamen, thalamus
and insula). Prefrontal activation was similar for younger
and older adults, whereas deep gray matter activation was
relatively greater for the older adults. Novels activated
occipital regions (fusiform and lateral occipital gyri), and
this activation was relatively reduced for older adults. The
changes in behavioral performance across the task conditions
were similar for the two age groups, although the older
adults' responses were slower overall. Regression analyses
of the relation between neural activation and task
performance (response time) indicated that whereas
performance was mediated most directly by prefrontal cortex
for younger adults, older adults' performance was influenced
to a greater extent by deep gray matter structures. Older
adults may place relatively greater emphasis on the
attentional control of response regulation, in compensation
for the age-related decline in visual processing
efficiency.},
Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhg113},
Key = {fds274882}
}
@article{fds135365,
Title = {Madden, D. J., & Whiting, W. L. (2004). Age-related changes
in visual attention. In P. T. Costa & I. C. Siegler (Eds.),
Recent advances in psychology and aging (pp. 41-88).
Amsterdam: Elsevier.},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds135365}
}
@article{fds274842,
Author = {Madden, DJ and Langley, LK and Thurston, RC and Whiting, WL and Blumenthal, JA},
Title = {Interaction of Blood Pressure and Adult Age in Memory Search
and Visual Search Performance},
Journal = {Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition},
Volume = {10},
Number = {4},
Pages = {241-254},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2003},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/anec.10.4.241.28973},
Abstract = {According to one model of the interaction between blood
pressure and adult age, chronically elevated blood pressure
accelerates age-related decline in fluid intelligence. To
test this model, 48 unmedicated individuals with high blood
pressure (HBP) and 48 individuals with normal blood pressure
(NBP), comprising three categories of adult age (20-39,
40-59, and 60-79 years), performed memory search and visual
search tasks. In contrast to the prediction, performance
slowing related to HBP was evident for middle-aged adults,
but not for the older adults, perhaps as a result of
survival and selective attrition effects. There were
specific age-related changes associated with memory search
and visual search, in addition to generalized slowing,
whereas the HBP-related changes were not
task-specific.},
Doi = {10.1076/anec.10.4.241.28973},
Key = {fds274842}
}
@article{fds135350,
Author = {WL Whiting and DJ Madden and LK Langley and LL Denny and TG Turkington and JM Provenzale and TC Hawk and RE Coleman},
Title = {Lexical and sublexical components of age-related changes in
neural activation during visual word identification.},
Journal = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience, United
States},
Volume = {15},
Number = {3},
Pages = {475-87},
Year = {2003},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
Keywords = {Adult • Aged • Aging • Brain Mapping •
Cerebrovascular Circulation • Discrimination
(Psychology)* • Female • Humans • Male •
Middle Aged • Reaction Time • Reading* •
Regional Blood Flow • Tomography, Emission-Computed
• Visual Perception • Vocabulary • physiology
• physiology*},
Abstract = {Positron emission tomography data (Madden, Langley, et al.,
2002) were analyzed to investigate adult age differences in
the relation between neural activation and the lexical (word
frequency) and sublexical (word length) components of visual
word identification. The differential influence of these
components on reaction time (RT) for word/nonword
discrimination (lexical decision) was generally similar for
the two age groups, with word frequency accounting for a
greater proportion of lexical decision RT variance relative
to word length. The influence of word length on RT, however,
was relatively greater for older adults. Activation in
regions of the ventral occipito-temporal cortex was related
to the RT changes associated with word frequency and length
for older adults, but not for younger adults. Specifically,
older adults' frequency effects were related to activation
in both anterior (Brodmann's area [BA] 37) and posterior
(BAs 17 and 18) regions of the occipito-temporal pathway,
whereas word length effects were only associated with
posterior activation (BA 17). We conclude that aging affects
the neural mechanisms supporting word identification
performance although behavioral measures of this ability are
generally constant as a function of age.},
Key = {fds135350}
}
@article{fds274949,
Author = {Whiting, WL and Madden, DJ and Langley, LK and Denny, LL and Turkington,
TG and Provenzale, JM and Hawk, TC and Coleman, RE},
Title = {Lexical and sublexical components of age-related changes in
neural activation during visual word identification.},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {15},
Number = {3},
Pages = {475-487},
Year = {2003},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12729497},
Abstract = {Positron emission tomography data (Madden, Langley, et al.,
2002) were analyzed to investigate adult age differences in
the relation between neural activation and the lexical (word
frequency) and sublexical (word length) components of visual
word identification. The differential influence of these
components on reaction time (RT) for word/nonword
discrimination (lexical decision) was generally similar for
the two age groups, with word frequency accounting for a
greater proportion of lexical decision RT variance relative
to word length. The influence of word length on RT, however,
was relatively greater for older adults. Activation in
regions of the ventral occipito-temporal cortex was related
to the RT changes associated with word frequency and length
for older adults, but not for younger adults. Specifically,
older adults' frequency effects were related to activation
in both anterior (Brodmann's area [BA] 37) and posterior
(BAs 17 and 18) regions of the occipito-temporal pathway,
whereas word length effects were only associated with
posterior activation (BA 17). We conclude that aging affects
the neural mechanisms supporting word identification
performance although behavioral measures of this ability are
generally constant as a function of age.},
Doi = {10.1162/089892903321593171},
Key = {fds274949}
}
@article{fds135293,
Author = {DJ Madden and LK Langley},
Title = {Age-related changes in selective attention and perceptual
load during visual search.},
Journal = {Psychology and aging, United States},
Volume = {18},
Number = {1},
Pages = {54-67},
Year = {2003},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0882-7974},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Aged • Aged, 80 and over
• Aging • Attention* • Female • Humans
• Male • Middle Aged • Models, Psychological*
• Visual Perception* • physiology •
psychology*},
Abstract = {Three visual search experiments were conducted to test the
hypothesis that age differences in selective attention vary
as a function of perceptual load (E. A. Maylor & N. Lavie,
1998). Under resource-limited conditions (Experiments 1 and
2), the distraction from irrelevant display items generally
decreased as display size (perceptual load) increased. This
perceptual load effect was similar for younger and older
adults, contrary to the findings of Maylor and Lavie.
Distraction at low perceptual loads appeared to reflect both
general and specific inhibitory mechanisms. Under more
data-limited conditions (Experiment 3), an age-related
decline in selective attention was evident, but the age
difference was not attributable to capacity limitations as
predicted by the perceptual load theory.},
Key = {fds135293}
}
@article{fds274950,
Author = {Madden, DJ and Langley, LK},
Title = {Age-related changes in selective attention and perceptual
load during visual search.},
Journal = {Psychol Aging},
Volume = {18},
Number = {1},
Pages = {54-67},
Year = {2003},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0882-7974},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12641312},
Abstract = {Three visual search experiments were conducted to test the
hypothesis that age differences in selective attention vary
as a function of perceptual load (E. A. Maylor & N. Lavie,
1998). Under resource-limited conditions (Experiments 1 and
2), the distraction from irrelevant display items generally
decreased as display size (perceptual load) increased. This
perceptual load effect was similar for younger and older
adults, contrary to the findings of Maylor and Lavie.
Distraction at low perceptual loads appeared to reflect both
general and specific inhibitory mechanisms. Under more
data-limited conditions (Experiment 3), an age-related
decline in selective attention was evident, but the age
difference was not attributable to capacity limitations as
predicted by the perceptual load theory.},
Doi = {10.1037/0882-7974.18.1.54},
Key = {fds274950}
}
@article{fds274839,
Author = {Madden, DJ and Whiting, WL},
Title = {Age-related changes in visual attention},
Journal = {Advances in Cell Aging and Gerontology},
Volume = {15},
Pages = {41-88},
Publisher = {Elsevier},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1566-3124},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1566-3124(03)15003-1},
Doi = {10.1016/S1566-3124(03)15003-1},
Key = {fds274839}
}
@article{fds274948,
Author = {Madden, DJ and Langley, LK and Denny, LL and Turkington, TG and Provenzale, JM and Hawk, TC and Coleman, RE},
Title = {Adult age differences in visual word identification:
functional neuroanatomy by positron emission
tomography.},
Journal = {Brain Cogn},
Volume = {49},
Number = {3},
Pages = {297-321},
Year = {2002},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0278-2626},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12139956},
Keywords = {Adult • Age Factors • Aged • Aging •
Brain • Cerebrovascular Circulation • Cognition
Disorders • Female • Functional Laterality •
Humans • Male • Middle Aged • Reaction Time
• Semantics • Tomography, Emission-Computed*
• Visual Perception • Vocabulary • anatomy &
histology* • blood supply • diagnosis •
epidemiology • metabolism* • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {Adult age differences in the neural systems mediating
semantic (context-independent) memory were investigated
using positron emission tomography (PET). Younger (20-29
years) and older (62-70 years) participants performed
lexical decision (word/nonword discrimination) and
nonsemantic (simple visual search) baseline tasks during PET
scanning. Within the lexical decision task, display duration
and presentation rate were varied across scans. The
behavioral data suggested that although an age-related
slowing was evident in visual feature and response
processing, the retrieval of semantic/lexical information
was similar for younger and older adults. For both age
groups, lexical-related activation occurred in inferior
prefrontal and occipitotemporal regions of the left
hemisphere. Differential activation, as a function of age
group, was observed in the left occipitotemporal pathway as
a result of older adults' maintaining higher levels of
neural activity in striate cortex (during visual search) and
in inferior temporal cortex (during lexical decision). The
prefrontal activation was similar for the two age groups.
Thus, although this form of semantic memory retrieval does
not undergo significant age-related decline, an age-related
change in the associated pattern of neural activation is
evident. These findings differ from previous neuroimaging
studies of episodic (context-dependent) memory retrieval,
which have suggested that age-related compensatory
mechanisms are expressed primarily by greater activation of
prefrontal regions for older adults than for younger
adults.},
Doi = {10.1006/brcg.2001.1502},
Key = {fds274948}
}
@article{fds274898,
Author = {Allen, PA and Sliwinski, M and Bowie, T and Madden,
DJ},
Title = {Differential age effects in semantic and episodic
memory.},
Journal = {J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci},
Volume = {57},
Number = {2},
Pages = {P173-P186},
Year = {2002},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1079-5014},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11867665},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Age Factors • Aged
• Aged, 80 and over • Aging • Factor
Analysis, Statistical • Humans • Language Tests
• Memory • Middle Aged • Reaction Time •
Task Performance and Analysis* • Vocabulary* •
physiology* • psychology*},
Abstract = {Results from 4 experimental tasks and 8 data sets (the 4
tasks involved either multiple sessions or different
stimuli) as well as a vocabulary test conducted on the same
80 participants (40 younger and 40 older adults) are
reported. The authors employed 2 semantic memory tasks
(lexical decision and multiplication verification) using
data from 2 sessions (for a total of 4 semantic data sets)
and 2 episodic memory tasks (hybrid visual search and memory
search with digits and with words as stimuli). Factor
analyses using slope and intercept data from the 8
experimental data sets indicated the presence of 3 latent
factors: a single intercept factor for both episodic and
semantic tasks and separate slope factors for episodic and
semantic tasks. A structural equation model with paths from
age to 3 different 1st-order latent factors (episodic
central processes, semantic central processes, and combined
episodic and semantic peripheral processes) fit better than
general factor models. These data are consistent with a
theoretical framework in which there are age-related
dissociations between peripheral and central processes
across semantic and episodic memory.},
Doi = {10.1093/geronb/57.2.p173},
Key = {fds274898}
}
@article{fds274947,
Author = {Madden, DJ and Turkington, TG and Provenzale, JM and Denny, LL and Langley, LK and Hawk, TC and Coleman, RE},
Title = {Aging and attentional guidance during visual search:
functional neuroanatomy by positron emission
tomography.},
Journal = {Psychol Aging},
Volume = {17},
Number = {1},
Pages = {24-43},
Year = {2002},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0882-7974},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11931285},
Abstract = {Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to examine adult
age differences in neural activation during visual search.
Target detection was less accurate for older adults than for
younger adults, but both age groups were successful in using
color to guide attention to a subset of display items.
Increasing perceptual difficulty led to greater activation
of occipitotemporal cortex for younger adults than for older
adults, apparently as the result of older adults maintaining
higher levels of activation within the easier task
conditions. The results suggest that compensation for
age-related decline in the efficiency of occipitotemporal
cortical functioning was implemented by changes in the
relative level of activation within this visual processing
pathway, rather than by the recruitment of other cortical
regions.},
Doi = {10.1037//0882-7974.17.1.24},
Key = {fds274947}
}
@article{fds135306,
Title = {Welsh-Bohmer, K. A., & Madden, D. J. (2002). Benign
senescent forgetfulness, age-associated memory impairment,
and age-related cognitive decline. In J. Copeland, M.
Abou-Saleh, & D. G. Blazer (Eds.), Principles and practice
of geriatric psychiatry (2nd ed., pp. 303-304). Sussex,
England: Wiley.},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds135306}
}
@article{fds274883,
Author = {Allen, PA and Smith, AF and Groth, KE and Pickle, JL and Grabbe, JW and Madden, DJ},
Title = {Differential age effects for case and hue mixing in visual
word recognition.},
Journal = {Psychology and Aging},
Volume = {17},
Number = {4},
Pages = {622-635},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {2002},
ISSN = {0882-7974},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12507359},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Aged • Aged, 80 and over
• Aging • Cognition • Color • Decision
Making • Humans • Language • Middle Aged
• Pattern Recognition, Visual* • Recognition
(Psychology)* • psychology*},
Abstract = {The authors compare older adults' lexical-decision data with
younger adults' data reported in P. Allen, A. F. Smith, et
al. (2002). On the basis of their work, it was proposed that
consistent-case wordswould be processed by the faster
holistic (magnodominated) stream, but that mixed-case words
would be processed by the slower analytic
(interblob-dominated or blob-dominated) steams. Hue mixing
was predicted to have no effect on consistent-case
performance, but mixed-hue/mixed-case words were predicted
to be recognized faster than monochrome/mixed-case words.
Younger adults showed the predicted results, but older
adults did not. These results suggest that holistic central
processes are maintained, but that older adults exhibited an
analytic decrement},
Doi = {10.1037//0882-7974.17.4.622},
Key = {fds274883}
}
@article{fds375247,
Author = {Madden, DJ and Turkington, TG and Provenzale, JM and Denny, LL and Langley, LK and Hawk, TC and Coleman, RE},
Title = {Aging and attentional guidance during visual search:
Functional neuroanatomy by positron emission
tomography.},
Journal = {Psychology and Aging},
Volume = {17},
Number = {1},
Pages = {24-43},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {2002},
ISSN = {0882-7974},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0882-7974.17.1.24},
Keywords = {Adult • Aged • Aging • Attention • Brain
Mapping • Cerebral Cortex • Color Perception
• Discrimination Learning • Female • Humans
• Male • Middle Aged • Occipital Lobe •
Orientation • Pattern Recognition, Visual •
Reference Values • Temporal Lobe • Tomography,
Emission-Computed* • Visual Pathways • physiology
• physiology* • radionuclide imaging},
Abstract = {Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to examine adult
age differences in neural activation during visual search.
Target detection was less accurate for older adults than for
younger adults, but both age groups were successful in using
color to guide attention to a subset of display items.
Increasing perceptual difficulty led to greater activation
of occipitotemporal cortex for younger adults than for older
adults, apparently as the result of older adults maintaining
higher levels of activation within the easier task
conditions. The results suggest that compensation for
age-related decline in the efficiency of occipitotemporal
cortical functioning was implemented by changes in the
relative level of activation within this visual processing
pathway, rather than by the recruitment of other cortical
regions.},
Doi = {10.1037//0882-7974.17.1.24},
Key = {fds375247}
}
@article{fds274843,
Author = {Khatri, P and Blumenthal, JA and Babyak, MA and Craighead, WE and Herman, S and Baldewicz, T and Madden, DJ and Doraiswamy, M and Waugh,
R and Krishnan, KR},
Title = {Effects of exercise training on cognitive functioning among
depressed older men and women},
Journal = {Journal of Aging and Physical Activity},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {43-57},
Publisher = {Human Kinetics},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1063-8652},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.9.1.43},
Abstract = {The effects of a structured exercise program on the
cognitive functioning of 84 clinically depressed middle-aged
and older adults (mean age = 57 years) were examined.
Participants were randomized to either 4 months of aerobic
exercise (n = 42) or antidepressant medication (n = 42).
Assessments of cognitive functioning (memory, psychomotor
speed, executive functioning, and attention/concentration),
depression, and physical fitness (aerobic capacity and
exercise endurance) were conducted before and after the
intervention. Exercise-related changes (accounting for
baseline levels of cognitive functioning and depression)
were observed for memory (p = .01) and executive functioning
(p = .03). There were no treatment-group differences on
tasks measuring either attention/concentration or
psychomotor speed. Results indicate that exercise can exert
influence on specific areas of cognitive functioning among
depressed older adults. Further research is necessary to
clarify the kinds of cognitive processes that are affected
by exercise and the mechanisms by which exercise affects
cognitive functioning.},
Doi = {10.1123/japa.9.1.43},
Key = {fds274843}
}
@article{fds135271,
Title = {Madden, D. J. (2001). Speed and timing of behavioral
processes. In J. E. Birren & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook
of the psychology of aging (5th ed., pp. 288-312). San
Diego: Academic Press.},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds135271}
}
@article{fds135304,
Title = {Jonas, D. L., Blumenthal, J. A., Madden, D. J., & Serra, M.
(2001). Cognitive consequences of antihypertensive
medications. In S. R. Waldstein & M. F. Elias (Eds.),
Neuropsychology of cardiovascular disease (pp. 167-188).
Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds135304}
}
@article{fds135305,
Title = {Khatri, P., Blumenthal, J. A., Babyak, M. A., Craighead, W.
E., Herman, S., Baldewicz, T., Madden, D. J., Doraiswamy,
M., Waugh, R., & Krishnan, K. R. (2001). Effects of exercise
training on cognitive functioning among depressed older men
and women. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 9,
43-57.},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds135305}
}
@article{fds274912,
Author = {Madden, DJ},
Title = {Neuroimaging of memory. Introduction.},
Journal = {Microsc Res Tech},
Volume = {51},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-5},
Year = {2000},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1059-910X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11002348},
Keywords = {Brain • Brain Mapping • Diagnostic Imaging* •
Humans • Memory • physiology*},
Doi = {10.1002/1097-0029(20001001)51:1<1::AID-JEMT1>3.0.CO;2-Z},
Key = {fds274912}
}
@article{fds274933,
Author = {Langley, LK and Madden, DJ},
Title = {Functional neuroimaging of memory: implications for
cognitive aging.},
Journal = {Microsc Res Tech},
Volume = {51},
Number = {1},
Pages = {75-84},
Year = {2000},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1059-910X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11002355},
Keywords = {Adult • Aging • Brain • Cognition •
Hemodynamic Processes • Humans • Magnetic
Resonance Imaging • Memory • Tomography,
Emission-Computed • methods • physiology* •
radionuclide imaging},
Abstract = {Our understanding of the ways in which changes in specific
neural systems mediate adult age differences in memory is
rapidly increasing, due in no small part to the advent of
functional neuroimaging techniques. This article reviews
age-related changes in memory performance obtained with
behavioral measures, describes models of the neural
mechanisms of memory, and derives predictions from these
models regarding age-related changes in brain activation
patterns. The neuroimaging findings obtained to date support
models emphasizing the role of prefrontal cortex in
age-related changes in memory functioning, especially for
episodic memory retrieval. In general, neural activation
associated with episodic memory encoding is regionally
similar for younger and older adults but relatively lower in
magnitude for older adults. During retrieval, activation
that is restricted to the right prefrontal cortex for
younger adults is more likely to be bilateral for older
adults. Prefrontal activation exhibits an age-related
increase when working memory tasks require simple storage
and an age-related decrease when working memory requires
higher-level executive processes. Although the evidence is
limited, behavioral performance and activation patterns
appear to be similar among younger and older adults on tests
of semantic (context-independent) and implicit memory. We
conclude that several methodological issues, such as
defining the relation between brain structure and function,
and determining the relationship between performance and
activation, are particularly important for understanding
age-related changes. Future directions for aging research
include further investigation of the relation between
encoding and retrieval and the identification of both spared
and impaired neural systems.},
Doi = {10.1002/1097-0029(20001001)51:1<75::AID-JEMT8>3.0.CO;2-6},
Key = {fds274933}
}
@article{fds274838,
Author = {Allen, PA and Stadtlander, LM and Groth, KE and Pickle, JL and Madden,
DJ},
Title = {Adult age invariance in sentence unitization},
Journal = {Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition},
Volume = {7},
Number = {1},
Pages = {54-67},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/anec.7.1.54.808},
Abstract = {We examined age differences on a letter detection task that
was performed on four-word sentences in order to examine how
letter-level and word-level processing is integrated with
sentence-level unitization. Sentence-level unitization is
defined as the formation of a sentence-level code that
delays access to letter-level or word-level codes. There was
a consistent word-frequency disadvantage for both age groups
in which it took longer to detect letters within high and
medium high frequency words than in low frequency words.
This finding suggested that word-level and letter-level
input channels were involved in a parallel 'horse race' to
the central processor while simultaneously outputting codes
to the sentence-level at the second tier of processing. The
present data also revealed that both age groups showed a
larger relative increase in reaction time for letter
detection for the fourth word position compared to the third
word position on syntactically 'intact' sentences relative
to syntactically 'scrambled' sentences. These data indicated
that both age groups formed sentence-level codes that made
letter-level codes more difficult to access. Finally, older
adults' data showed a larger cost than younger adults' data
for scrambled sentences than for intact sentences. These
results suggest that older adults are more reliant on a
syntactical processor that facilitates the parafoveal
preview during the reading of syntactically intact
sentences. These data suggest that whereas there are age
differences in the perceptual processing of letters and
words, sentence unitization and syntactical processing
remain intact with increasing adult age.},
Doi = {10.1076/anec.7.1.54.808},
Key = {fds274838}
}
@article{fds274896,
Author = {Madden, DJ and Gottlob, LR and Denny, LL and Turkington, TG and Provenzale, JM and Hawk, TC and Coleman, RE},
Title = {Aging and recognition memory: changes in regional cerebral
blood flow associated with components of reaction time
distributions.},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {11},
Number = {5},
Pages = {511-520},
Year = {1999},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10511640},
Keywords = {Adult • Aged • Aging • Brain • Brain
Mapping • Cerebrovascular Circulation* • Female
• Humans • Language • Male • Memory
• Mental Recall • Middle Aged • Prefrontal
Cortex • Reaction Time* • Regression Analysis
• Statistical Distributions • Tomography,
Emission-Computed • Visual Perception • blood
supply • physiology • physiology* •
radionuclide imaging},
Abstract = {We used H(2)15O positron emission tomography (PET) to
measure age-related changes in regional cerebral blood flow
(rCBF) during a verbal recognition memory task. Twelve young
adults (20 to 29 years) and 12 older adults (62 to 79 years)
participated. Separate PET scans were conducted during
Encoding, Baseline, and Retrieval conditions. Each of the
conditions involved viewing a series of 64 words and making
a two-choice response manually. The complete reaction time
(RT) distributions in each task condition were characterized
in terms of an ex-Gaussian model (convolution of exponential
and Gaussian functions). Parameter estimates were obtained
for the mean of the exponential component (tau),
representing a task-specific decision process and the mean
of the Gaussian component (mu) representing residual sensory
coding and response processes. Independently of age group,
both tau and mu were higher in the Encoding and Retrieval
conditions than in the Baseline condition, and tau was
higher during Retrieval than during Encoding. Age-related
slowing in task performance was evident primarily in mu. For
young adults, rCBF activation in the right prefrontal
cortex, in the Retrieval condition, was correlated
positively with mu but not with tau. For older adults, rCBF
changes (both increases and decreases) in several cortical
regions were correlated with both mu and tau. The data
suggest that the attentional demands of this task are
relatively greater for older adults and consequently lead to
the recruitment of additional neural systems during task
performance.},
Doi = {10.1162/089892999563571},
Key = {fds274896}
}
@article{fds274905,
Author = {Gottlob, LR and Madden, DJ},
Title = {Age similarities in the inertial properties of
attention.},
Journal = {Percept Psychophys},
Volume = {61},
Number = {4},
Pages = {740-755},
Year = {1999},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0031-5117},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10370340},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Aged • Aging •
Analysis of Variance • Attention • Cross-Sectional
Studies • Cues • Discrimination (Psychology)
• Female • Humans • Linear Models • Male
• Middle Aged • Models, Psychological •
Perceptual Masking • Reaction Time • Space
Perception • Volition • physiology •
physiology*},
Abstract = {Adult age differences in the mode of allocation of visual
attention were investigated, using a visual search task with
a circular display containing one target letter and seven
distractor letters. In two experiments, a total of 56
younger adults (M = 20 years) and 56 older adults (M = 66
years) searched for a target appearing with equal
probability at one of two cued locations. The first cue
appeared 115 msec before display onset, and the second cue
appeared with display onset; distance between the two cued
locations was varied. Target identification performance
indicated that attention was inertial, in that reaction time
for second-cued targets was related either to the area of
the portion of the visual field containing possible target
locations or to the mean path length of a serial
self-terminating search. There were no age-related
decrements in the allocation of visual attention.},
Doi = {10.3758/bf03205542},
Key = {fds274905}
}
@article{fds274927,
Author = {Gottlob, LR and Madden, DJ},
Title = {Age differences in the strategic allocation of visual
attention.},
Journal = {J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci},
Volume = {54},
Number = {3},
Pages = {P165-P172},
Year = {1999},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1079-5014},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10363038},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Aged • Aging •
Attention* • Female • Humans • Male •
Mental Processes • Middle Aged • Visual
Perception* • psychology*},
Abstract = {The allocation of visual spatial attention was investigated
in two groups of adults, younger (n = 24; M = 19 yrs) and
older (n = 24; M = 68 yrs). Two sequential target displays
were presented on a computer screen. If a target letter
appeared in Display 1, then observers were to identify a
target letter in Display 2. Based on accuracy of Display 1
target detection, the older adults had a more restricted
range of visual processing than the younger adults. Based on
reaction times for Display 2 target identification, older
adults appeared to use a spotlight (serial) scanning
mechanism, whereas younger adults appeared to use an
activity-distribution (parallel) mechanism. Results are
consistent with age-related cognitive slowing, but also
suggest a difference in strategy according to the
availability of visual information.},
Doi = {10.1093/geronb/54b.3.p165},
Key = {fds274927}
}
@article{fds274837,
Author = {Madden, DJ and Welsh-Bohmer, KA and Tupler, LA},
Title = {Task complexity and signal detection analyses of lexical
decision performance in Alzheimer's disease},
Journal = {Developmental Neuropsychology},
Volume = {16},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-18},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15326942DN160101},
Abstract = {This experiment addressed the issue of whether the changes
in semantic memory performance associated with Alzheimer's
disease (AD) could be distinguished from a generalized
cognitive slowing. Young adults, healthy older adults, and
AD patients performed 3 different reaction time (RT) tasks
involving yes-no responses to visually presented letter
strings. Task complexity analyses indicated that performance
in the semantic task (lexical decision) was consistent with
a generalized slowing of cognitive function that was greater
in magnitude for AD than for normal aging. Signal detection
analyses of the lexical decision data demonstrated
AD-related changes in word-nonword discrimination, response
bias, and the relation between discrimination and RT. The
general cognitive slowing associated with AD was accompanied
by additional changes specific to the performance of this
semantic memory task.},
Doi = {10.1207/S15326942DN160101},
Key = {fds274837}
}
@article{fds274897,
Author = {Madden, DJ and Gottlob, LR and Allen, PA},
Title = {Adult age differences in visual search accuracy: Attentional
guidance and target detectability.},
Journal = {Psychology and Aging},
Volume = {14},
Number = {4},
Pages = {683-694},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1999},
ISSN = {0882-7974},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10632154},
Keywords = {Adult • Age Factors • Aged • Aging •
Attention • Female • Humans • Male •
Middle Aged • Signal Detection (Psychology) •
Visual Perception • Wechsler Scales •
physiology*},
Abstract = {Previous research, relying primarily on reaction time
measures of highly accurate performance, suggests that both
younger and older adults can increase the efficiency of
visual search by guiding attention to a candidate subset of
items. The authors investigated attentional guidance when
accuracy was well below ceiling to focus more specifically
on the role of perceptual processes. In the most difficult
condition (conjunction search), the likelihood of missing a
target was greater for older adults than for younger adults,
and this effect was not attributable entirely to generalized
slowing. Both age groups were able to improve search
efficiency by attending to a distinct subset of display
items, indicating that attentional guidance to perceptual
features does not exhibit age-related decline. A
signal-detection model of the conjunction search data
demonstrated that the age difference represented an
age-related decline in target detectability.},
Doi = {10.1037//0882-7974.14.4.683},
Key = {fds274897}
}
@article{fds274920,
Author = {Madden, DJ and Turkington, TG and Provenzale, JM and Denny, LL and Hawk,
TC and Gottlob, LR and Coleman, RE},
Title = {Adult age differences in the functional neuroanatomy of
verbal recognition memory.},
Journal = {Hum Brain Mapp},
Volume = {7},
Number = {2},
Pages = {115-135},
Year = {1999},
ISSN = {1065-9471},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9950069},
Keywords = {Adult • Aged • Aging • Brain •
Cerebrovascular Circulation • Discrimination
(Psychology) • Female • Humans • Language*
• Male • Memory • Middle Aged • Observer
Variation • Reaction Time • Tomography,
Emission-Computed* • physiology • physiology*
• radionuclide imaging*},
Abstract = {Adult age differences are frequently observed in the
performance of memory tasks, but the changes in neural
function mediating these differences are largely unknown. We
used (H2)15O positron emission tomography (PET) to measure
changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during
Encoding, Baseline, and Retrieval conditions of a
recognition memory task. Twelve young adults (20-29 years)
and 12 older adults (62-79 years) participated. During each
task condition, participants made a two-choice manual
response to each of 64 words. Analyses of the performance
data yielded evidence of age-related slowing of encoding and
retrieval processes, and an age-related decline in the
accuracy of yes/no recognition (d'). The rCBF activation
associated with both encoding and retrieval was greater for
older adults than for young adults, but this pattern was
more clearly evident for memory retrieval. For young adults,
rCBF activation during retrieval occurred primarily in right
prefrontal cortex, whereas older adults exhibited a more
bilateral pattern of prefrontal activation. Regression
analyses predicting reaction time in the memory task from
regional PET counts confirmed that the neural system
mediating memory retrieval is more widely distributed for
older adults than for young adults. Both age groups
exhibited some decrease in rCBF activation in the second
half of the test session, relative to the first half. The
practice-related decrease in rCBF activation was more
prominent for young adults, suggesting that the older
adults' recruitment of additional neural systems reflects a
more continual allocation of attention to support task
performance.},
Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1097-0193(1999)7:2<115::aid-hbm5>3.0.co;2-n},
Key = {fds274920}
}
@article{fds274836,
Author = {Madden, DJ and Turkington, TG and Provenzale, JM and Denny, LL and Hawk,
TC and Gottlob, LR and Coleman, RE},
Title = {Age-related changes in regional cerebral blood flow during
verbal recognition memory: Evidence from
H
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