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Publications of Bruce R. Donald    :chronological  alphabetical  combined listing:

%% Books   
@book{LynchRudDonald01,
   Author = {B. R. Donald and K. Lynch and D. Rus},
   Title = {Algorithmic and Computational Robotics: New
             Directions},
   Pages = {408},
   Publisher = {A. K. Peters},
   Address = {Boston},
   Year = {2001},
   Key = {LynchRudDonald01}
}

@book{KapurMundyDonald92,
   Author = {B. R. Donald and D. Kapur and J. Mundy},
   Title = {Symbolic and Numerical Computation for Artificial
             Intelligence},
   Pages = {369},
   Publisher = {Academic Press, Harcourt Jovanovich},
   Address = {London},
   Year = {1992},
   Key = {KapurMundyDonald92}
}

@book{BaillieulBrockettDonald90,
   Author = {J.~Baillieul and R.~Brockett and B.~R.~ Donald and others},
   Title = {Robotics},
   Volume = {41},
   Series = {Symposia in Applied Mathematics},
   Pages = {196},
   Publisher = {American Mathematical Society Press},
   Address = {Providence, RI},
   Year = {1990},
   Key = {BaillieulBrockettDonald90}
}

@book{Donald89,
   Author = {B. R. Donald},
   Title = {Error Detection and Recovery in Robotics},
   Volume = {336},
   Series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
   Pages = {314},
   Publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
   Address = {New York},
   Year = {1989},
   Key = {Donald89}
}


%% Papers Published   
@article{fds343327,
   Author = {Jou, JD and Holt, GT and Lowegard, AU and Donald,
             BR},
   Title = {Minimization-Aware Recursive K  (MARK
              ): A Novel, Provable Algorithm that
             Accelerates Ensemble-Based Protein Design and Provably
             Approximates the Energy Landscape},
   Journal = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries
             Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes
             in Bioinformatics)},
   Volume = {11467 LNBI},
   Pages = {101-119},
   Year = {2019},
   Month = {January},
   ISBN = {9783030170820},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17083-7_7},
   Abstract = {© 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Protein design
             algorithms that model continuous sidechain flexibility and
             conformational ensembles better approximate the in vitro and
             in vivo behavior of proteins. The previous state of the art,
             iMinDEE- A ∗ - K ∗ , computes provable ε
             -approximations to partition functions of protein states
             (e.g., bound vs. unbound) by computing provable, admissible
             pairwise-minimized energy lower bounds on protein
             conformations and using the A ∗ enumeration algorithm to
             return a gap-free list of lowest-energy conformations.
             iMinDEE-A ∗ - K ∗ runs in time sublinear in the number
             of conformations, but can be trapped in loosely-bounded,
             low-energy conformational wells containing many
             conformations with highly similar energies. That is,
             iMinDEE- A ∗ - K ∗ is unable to exploit the correlation
             between protein conformation and energy: similar
             conformations often have similar energy. We introduce two
             new concepts that exploit this correlation:
             Minimization-Aware Enumeration and Recursive K ∗ . We
             combine these two insights into a novel algorithm,
             Minimization-Aware Recursive K ∗ (MARK ∗ ), that
             tightens bounds not on single conformations, but instead on
             distinct regions of the conformation space. We compare the
             performance of iMinDEE- A ∗ - K ∗ vs. MARK ∗ by
             running the BBK ∗ algorithm, which provably returns
             sequences in order of decreasing K ∗ score, using either
             iMinDEE- A ∗ - K ∗ or MARK ∗ to approximate partition
             functions. We show on 200 design problems that MARK ∗ not
             only enumerates and minimizes vastly fewer conformations
             than the previous state of the art, but also runs up to
             two orders of magnitude faster. Finally, we show that MARK
             ∗ not only efficiently approximates the partition
             function, but also provably approximates the energy
             landscape. To our knowledge, MARK ∗ is the first algorithm
             to do so. We use MARK ∗ to analyze the change in energy
             landscape of the bound and unbound states of the HIV-1
             capsid protein C-terminal domain in complex with camelid V H
             H, and measure the change in conformational entropy induced
             by binding. Thus, MARK ∗ both accelerates existing designs
             and offers new capabilities not possible with previous
             algorithms.},
   Doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-17083-7_7},
   Key = {fds343327}
}

@article{fds339564,
   Author = {Hallen, MA and Martin, JW and Ojewole, A and Jou, JD and Lowegard, AU and Frenkel, MS and Gainza, P and Nisonoff, HM and Mukund, A and Wang, S and Holt, GT and Zhou, D and Dowd, E and Donald, BR},
   Title = {OSPREY 3.0: Open-source protein redesign for you, with
             powerful new features.},
   Journal = {Journal of Computational Chemistry},
   Volume = {39},
   Number = {30},
   Pages = {2494-2507},
   Year = {2018},
   Month = {November},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.25522},
   Abstract = {We present osprey 3.0, a new and greatly improved release of
             the osprey protein design software. Osprey 3.0 features a
             convenient new Python interface, which greatly improves its
             ease of use. It is over two orders of magnitude faster than
             previous versions of osprey when running the same algorithms
             on the same hardware. Moreover, osprey 3.0 includes several
             new algorithms, which introduce substantial speedups as well
             as improved biophysical modeling. It also includes GPU
             support, which provides an additional speedup of over an
             order of magnitude. Like previous versions of osprey, osprey
             3.0 offers a unique package of advantages over other design
             software, including provable design algorithms that account
             for continuous flexibility during design and model
             conformational entropy. Finally, we show here empirically
             that osprey 3.0 accurately predicts the effect of mutations
             on protein-protein binding. Osprey 3.0 is available at
             http://www.cs.duke.edu/donaldlab/osprey.php as free and
             open-source software. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals,
             Inc.},
   Doi = {10.1002/jcc.25522},
   Key = {fds339564}
}

@article{fds336327,
   Author = {Qi, Y and Martin, JW and Barb, AW and Thélot, F and Yan, AK and Donald,
             BR and Oas, TG},
   Title = {Continuous Interdomain Orientation Distributions Reveal
             Components of Binding Thermodynamics.},
   Journal = {Journal of Molecular Biology},
   Volume = {430},
   Number = {18 Pt B},
   Pages = {3412-3426},
   Year = {2018},
   Month = {September},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2018.06.022},
   Abstract = {The flexibility of biological macromolecules is an important
             structural determinant of function. Unfortunately, the
             correlations between different motional modes are poorly
             captured by discrete ensemble representations. Here, we
             present new ways to both represent and visualize correlated
             interdomain motions. Interdomain motions are determined
             directly from residual dipolar couplings, represented as a
             continuous conformational distribution, and visualized using
             the disk-on-sphere representation. Using the disk-on-sphere
             representation, features of interdomain motions, including
             correlations, are intuitively visualized. The representation
             works especially well for multidomain systems with broad
             conformational distributions.This analysis also can be
             extended to multiple probability density modes, using a
             Bingham mixture model. We use this new paradigm to study the
             interdomain motions of staphylococcal protein A, which is a
             key virulence factor contributing to the pathogenicity of
             Staphylococcus aureus. We capture the smooth transitions
             between important states and demonstrate the utility of
             continuous distribution functions for computing the
             reorientational components of binding thermodynamics. Such
             insights allow for the dissection of the dynamic structural
             components of functionally important intermolecular
             interactions.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.jmb.2018.06.022},
   Key = {fds336327}
}

@article{fds337044,
   Author = {Ojewole, AA and Jou, JD and Fowler, VG and Donald,
             BR},
   Title = {BBK* (Branch and Bound Over K*): A Provable and Efficient
             Ensemble-Based Protein Design Algorithm to Optimize
             Stability and Binding Affinity Over Large Sequence
             Spaces.},
   Journal = {Journal of Computational Biology : a Journal of
             Computational Molecular Cell Biology},
   Volume = {25},
   Number = {7},
   Pages = {726-739},
   Year = {2018},
   Month = {July},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cmb.2017.0267},
   Abstract = {Computational protein design (CPD) algorithms that compute
             binding affinity, Ka, search for sequences with an
             energetically favorable free energy of binding. Recent work
             shows that three principles improve the biological accuracy
             of CPD: ensemble-based design, continuous flexibility of
             backbone and side-chain conformations, and provable
             guarantees of accuracy with respect to the input. However,
             previous methods that use all three design principles are
             single-sequence (SS) algorithms, which are very costly:
             linear in the number of sequences and thus exponential in
             the number of simultaneously mutable residues. To address
             this computational challenge, we introduce BBK*, a new CPD
             algorithm whose key innovation is the multisequence (MS)
             bound: BBK* efficiently computes a single provable upper
             bound to approximate Ka for a combinatorial number of
             sequences, and avoids SS computation for all provably
             suboptimal sequences. Thus, to our knowledge, BBK* is the
             first provable, ensemble-based CPD algorithm to run in time
             sublinear in the number of sequences. Computational
             experiments on 204 protein design problems show that BBK*
             finds the tightest binding sequences while approximating Ka
             for up to 105-fold fewer sequences than the previous
             state-of-the-art algorithms, which require exhaustive
             enumeration of sequences. Furthermore, for 51 protein-ligand
             design problems, BBK* provably approximates Ka up to
             1982-fold faster than the previous state-of-the-art
             iMinDEE/[Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] algorithm.
             Therefore, BBK* not only accelerates protein designs that
             are possible with previous provable algorithms, but also
             efficiently performs designs that are too large for previous
             methods.},
   Doi = {10.1089/cmb.2017.0267},
   Key = {fds337044}
}

@article{fds336328,
   Author = {Lavor, C and Liberti, L and Donald, B and Worley, B and Bardiaux, B and Malliavin, TE and Nilges, M},
   Title = {Minimal NMR distance information for rigidity of protein
             graphs},
   Journal = {Discrete Applied Mathematics},
   Year = {2018},
   Month = {April},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dam.2018.03.071},
   Abstract = {© 2018 Elsevier B.V. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
             experiments provide distances between nearby atoms of a
             protein molecule. The corresponding structure determination
             problem is to determine the 3D protein structure by
             exploiting such distances. We present a new order on the
             atoms of the protein, based on information from the
             chemistry of proteins and NMR experiments, which allows us
             to formulate the problem as a combinatorial search.
             Additionally, this order tells us what kind of NMR distance
             information is crucial to understand the cardinality of the
             solution set of the problem and its computational
             complexity.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.dam.2018.03.071},
   Key = {fds336328}
}

@article{fds328235,
   Author = {Hallen, MA and Donald, BR},
   Title = {CATS (Coordinates of Atoms by Taylor Series): protein design
             with backbone flexibility in all locally feasible
             directions},
   Journal = {Bioinformatics},
   Volume = {33},
   Number = {14},
   Pages = {i5-i12},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {July},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btx277},
   Doi = {10.1093/bioinformatics/btx277},
   Key = {fds328235}
}

@article{fds328236,
   Author = {Jain, S and Jou, JD and Georgiev, IS and Donald, BR},
   Title = {A critical analysis of computational protein design with
             sparse residue interaction graphs.},
   Journal = {PLoS computational biology},
   Volume = {13},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {e1005346},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {March},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005346},
   Abstract = {Protein design algorithms enumerate a combinatorial number
             of candidate structures to compute the Global Minimum Energy
             Conformation (GMEC). To efficiently find the GMEC, protein
             design algorithms must methodically reduce the
             conformational search space. By applying distance and energy
             cutoffs, the protein system to be designed can thus be
             represented using a sparse residue interaction graph, where
             the number of interacting residue pairs is less than all
             pairs of mutable residues, and the corresponding GMEC is
             called the sparse GMEC. However, ignoring some pairwise
             residue interactions can lead to a change in the energy,
             conformation, or sequence of the sparse GMEC vs. the
             original or the full GMEC. Despite the widespread use of
             sparse residue interaction graphs in protein design, the
             above mentioned effects of their use have not been
             previously analyzed. To analyze the costs and benefits of
             designing with sparse residue interaction graphs, we
             computed the GMECs for 136 different protein design problems
             both with and without distance and energy cutoffs, and
             compared their energies, conformations, and sequences. Our
             analysis shows that the differences between the GMECs depend
             critically on whether or not the design includes core,
             boundary, or surface residues. Moreover, neglecting
             long-range interactions can alter local interactions and
             introduce large sequence differences, both of which can
             result in significant structural and functional changes.
             Designs on proteins with experimentally measured
             thermostability show it is beneficial to compute both the
             full and the sparse GMEC accurately and efficiently. To this
             end, we show that a provable, ensemble-based algorithm can
             efficiently compute both GMECs by enumerating a small number
             of conformations, usually fewer than 1000. This provides a
             novel way to combine sparse residue interaction graphs with
             provable, ensemble-based algorithms to reap the benefits of
             sparse residue interaction graphs while avoiding their
             potential inaccuracies.},
   Doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005346},
   Key = {fds328236}
}

@article{fds326171,
   Author = {Ojewole, AA and Jou, JD and Fowler, VG and Donald,
             BR},
   Title = {BBK* (Branch and bound over K*): A provable and efficient
             ensemble-based algorithm to optimize stability and binding
             affinity over large sequence spaces},
   Journal = {Lecture notes in computer science},
   Volume = {10229 LNCS},
   Pages = {157-172},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {January},
   ISBN = {9783319569697},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56970-3_10},
   Abstract = {© Springer International Publishing AG 2017.Protein design
             algorithms that compute binding affinity search for
             sequences with an energetically favorable free energy of
             binding. Recent work shows that the following design
             principles improve the biological accuracy of protein
             design: ensemble-based design and continuous conformational
             flexibility. Ensemble-based algorithms capture a measure of
             entropic contributions to binding affinity, Ka. Designs
             using backbone flexibility and continuous side-chain
             flexibility better model conformational flexibility. A third
             design principle, provable guarantees of accuracy, ensures
             that an algorithm computes the best sequences defined by the
             input model (i.e. input structures, energy function, and
             allowed protein flexibility). However, previous provable
             methods that model ensembles and continuous flexibility are
             single-sequence algorithms, which are very costly: linear in
             the number of sequences and thus exponential in the number
             of mutable residues. To address these computational
             challenges, we introduce a new protein design algorithm,
             BBK*, that retains all aforementioned design principles yet
             provably and efficiently computes the tightest-binding
             sequences. A key innovation of BBK* is the multi-sequence
             (MS) bound: BBK* efficiently computes a single provable
             upper bound to approximate Ka for a combinatorial number of
             sequences, and entirely avoids single-sequence computation
             for all provably subop-timal sequences. Thus, to our
             knowledge, BBK* is the first provable, ensemble-based Ka
             algorithm to run in time sublinear in the number of
             sequences. Computational experiments on 204 protein design
             problems show that BBK* finds the tightest binding sequences
             while approximating Ka for up to 105-fold fewer sequences
             than exhaustive enumeration. Furthermore, for 51
             protein-ligand design problems, BBK* provably approximates
             Ka up to 1982-fold faster than the previous state-of-the-art
             iMinDEE/A*/K* algorithm. Therefore, BBK* not only
             accelerates protein designs that are possible with previous
             provable algorithms, but also efficiently performs designs
             that are too large for previous methods.},
   Doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-56970-3_10},
   Key = {fds326171}
}

@article{fds321932,
   Author = {Zhou, Y and Donald, BR and Zeng, J},
   Title = {Parallel Computational Protein Design.},
   Journal = {Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)},
   Volume = {1529},
   Pages = {265-277},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {January},
   Abstract = {Computational structure-based protein design (CSPD) is an
             important problem in computational biology, which aims to
             design or improve a prescribed protein function based on a
             protein structure template. It provides a practical tool for
             real-world protein engineering applications. A popular CSPD
             method that guarantees to find the global minimum energy
             solution (GMEC) is to combine both dead-end elimination
             (DEE) and A* tree search algorithms. However, in this
             framework, the A* search algorithm can run in exponential
             time in the worst case, which may become the computation
             bottleneck of large-scale computational protein design
             process. To address this issue, we extend and add a new
             module to the OSPREY program that was previously developed
             in the Donald lab (Gainza et al., Methods Enzymol 523:87,
             2013) to implement a GPU-based massively parallel A*
             algorithm for improving protein design pipeline. By
             exploiting the modern GPU computational framework and
             optimizing the computation of the heuristic function for A*
             search, our new program, called gOSPREY, can provide up to
             four orders of magnitude speedups in large protein design
             cases with a small memory overhead comparing to the
             traditional A* search algorithm implementation, while still
             guaranteeing the optimality. In addition, gOSPREY can be
             configured to run in a bounded-memory mode to tackle the
             problems in which the conformation space is too large and
             the global optimal solution cannot be computed previously.
             Furthermore, the GPU-based A* algorithm implemented in the
             gOSPREY program can be combined with the state-of-the-art
             rotamer pruning algorithms such as iMinDEE (Gainza et al.,
             PLoS Comput Biol 8:e1002335, 2012) and DEEPer (Hallen et
             al., Proteins 81:18-39, 2013) to also consider continuous
             backbone and side-chain flexibility.},
   Key = {fds321932}
}

@article{fds321933,
   Author = {Ojewole, A and Lowegard, A and Gainza, P and Reeve, SM and Georgiev, I and Anderson, AC and Donald, BR},
   Title = {OSPREY Predicts Resistance Mutations Using Positive and
             Negative Computational Protein Design.},
   Journal = {Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)},
   Volume = {1529},
   Pages = {291-306},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6637-0_15},
   Abstract = {Drug resistance in protein targets is an increasingly common
             phenomenon that reduces the efficacy of both existing and
             new antibiotics. However, knowledge of future resistance
             mutations during pre-clinical phases of drug development
             would enable the design of novel antibiotics that are robust
             against not only known resistant mutants, but also against
             those that have not yet been clinically observed.
             Computational structure-based protein design (CSPD) is a
             transformative field that enables the prediction of protein
             sequences with desired biochemical properties such as
             binding affinity and specificity to a target. The use of
             CSPD to predict previously unseen resistance mutations
             represents one of the frontiers of computational protein
             design. In a recent study (Reeve et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U
             S A 112(3):749-754, 2015), we used our OSPREY (Open Source
             Protein REdesign for You) suite of CSPD algorithms to
             prospectively predict resistance mutations that arise in the
             active site of the dihydrofolate reductase enzyme from
             methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (SaDHFR) in
             response to selective pressure from an experimental
             competitive inhibitor. We demonstrated that our top
             predicted candidates are indeed viable resistant mutants.
             Since that study, we have significantly enhanced the
             capabilities of OSPREY with not only improved modeling of
             backbone flexibility, but also efficient multi-state design,
             fast sparse approximations, partitioned continuous rotamers
             for more accurate energy bounds, and a computationally
             efficient representation of molecular-mechanics and
             quantum-mechanical energy functions. Here, using SaDHFR as
             an example, we present a protocol for resistance prediction
             using the latest version of OSPREY. Specifically, we show
             how to use a combination of positive and negative design to
             predict active site escape mutations that maintain the
             enzyme's catalytic function but selectively ablate binding
             of an inhibitor.},
   Doi = {10.1007/978-1-4939-6637-0_15},
   Key = {fds321933}
}

@article{fds321934,
   Author = {Pan, Y and Dong, Y and Zhou, J and Hallen, M and Donald, BR and Zeng, J and Xu, W},
   Title = {cOSPREY: A Cloud-Based Distributed Algorithm for Large-Scale
             Computational Protein Design.},
   Journal = {Journal of Computational Biology},
   Volume = {23},
   Number = {9},
   Pages = {737-749},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {September},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cmb.2015.0234},
   Abstract = {Finding the global minimum energy conformation (GMEC) of a
             huge combinatorial search space is the key challenge in
             computational protein design (CPD) problems. Traditional
             algorithms lack a scalable and efficient distributed design
             scheme, preventing researchers from taking full advantage of
             current cloud infrastructures. We design cloud OSPREY
             (cOSPREY), an extension to a widely used protein design
             software OSPREY, to allow the original design framework to
             scale to the commercial cloud infrastructures. We propose
             several novel designs to integrate both algorithm and system
             optimizations, such as GMEC-specific pruning, state search
             partitioning, asynchronous algorithm state sharing, and
             fault tolerance. We evaluate cOSPREY on three different
             cloud platforms using different technologies and show that
             it can solve a number of large-scale protein design problems
             that have not been possible with previous
             approaches.},
   Doi = {10.1089/cmb.2015.0234},
   Key = {fds321934}
}

@article{fds321935,
   Author = {Gainza, P and Nisonoff, HM and Donald, BR},
   Title = {Algorithms for protein design.},
   Journal = {Current Opinion in Structural Biology},
   Volume = {39},
   Pages = {16-26},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {August},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbi.2016.03.006},
   Abstract = {Computational structure-based protein design programs are
             becoming an increasingly important tool in molecular
             biology. These programs compute protein sequences that are
             predicted to fold to a target structure and perform a
             desired function. The success of a program's predictions
             largely relies on two components: first, the input
             biophysical model, and second, the algorithm that computes
             the best sequence(s) and structure(s) according to the
             biophysical model. Improving both the model and the
             algorithm in tandem is essential to improving the success
             rate of current programs, and here we review recent
             developments in algorithms for protein design, emphasizing
             how novel algorithms enable the use of more accurate
             biophysical models. We conclude with a list of algorithmic
             challenges in computational protein design that we believe
             will be especially important for the design of therapeutic
             proteins and protein assemblies.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.sbi.2016.03.006},
   Key = {fds321935}
}

@article{fds321936,
   Author = {Jou, JD and Jain, S and Georgiev, IS and Donald, BR},
   Title = {BWM*: A Novel, Provable, Ensemble-based Dynamic Programming
             Algorithm for Sparse Approximations of Computational Protein
             Design.},
   Journal = {Journal of Computational Biology},
   Volume = {23},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {413-424},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {June},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cmb.2015.0194},
   Abstract = {Sparse energy functions that ignore long range interactions
             between residue pairs are frequently used by protein design
             algorithms to reduce computational cost. Current dynamic
             programming algorithms that fully exploit the optimal
             substructure produced by these energy functions only compute
             the GMEC. This disproportionately favors the sequence of a
             single, static conformation and overlooks better binding
             sequences with multiple low-energy conformations. Provable,
             ensemble-based algorithms such as A* avoid this problem, but
             A* cannot guarantee better performance than exhaustive
             enumeration. We propose a novel, provable, dynamic
             programming algorithm called Branch-Width Minimization*
             (BWM*) to enumerate a gap-free ensemble of conformations in
             order of increasing energy. Given a branch-decomposition of
             branch-width w for an n-residue protein design with at most
             q discrete side-chain conformations per residue, BWM*
             returns the sparse GMEC in O([Formula: see text]) time and
             enumerates each additional conformation in merely
             O([Formula: see text]) time. We define a new measure, Total
             Effective Search Space (TESS), which can be computed
             efficiently a priori before BWM* or A* is run. We ran BWM*
             on 67 protein design problems and found that TESS
             discriminated between BWM*-efficient and A*-efficient cases
             with 100% accuracy. As predicted by TESS and validated
             experimentally, BWM* outperforms A* in 73% of the cases and
             computes the full ensemble or a close approximation faster
             than A*, enumerating each additional conformation in
             milliseconds. Unlike A*, the performance of BWM* can be
             predicted in polynomial time before running the algorithm,
             which gives protein designers the power to choose the most
             efficient algorithm for their particular design
             problem.},
   Doi = {10.1089/cmb.2015.0194},
   Key = {fds321936}
}

@article{fds321937,
   Author = {Hallen, MA and Donald, BR},
   Title = {comets (Constrained Optimization of Multistate Energies by
             Tree Search): A Provable and Efficient Protein Design
             Algorithm to Optimize Binding Affinity and Specificity with
             Respect to Sequence.},
   Journal = {Journal of Computational Biology},
   Volume = {23},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {311-321},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {May},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cmb.2015.0188},
   Abstract = {Practical protein design problems require designing
             sequences with a combination of affinity, stability, and
             specificity requirements. Multistate protein design
             algorithms model multiple structural or binding "states" of
             a protein to address these requirements. comets provides a
             new level of versatile, efficient, and provable multistate
             design. It provably returns the minimum with respect to
             sequence of any desired linear combination of the energies
             of multiple protein states, subject to constraints on other
             linear combinations. Thus, it can target nearly any
             combination of affinity (to one or multiple ligands),
             specificity, and stability (for multiple states if needed).
             Empirical calculations on 52 protein design problems showed
             comets is far more efficient than the previous state of the
             art for provable multistate design (exhaustive search over
             sequences). comets can handle a very wide range of protein
             flexibility and can enumerate a gap-free list of the best
             constraint-satisfying sequences in order of objective
             function value.},
   Doi = {10.1089/cmb.2015.0188},
   Key = {fds321937}
}

@article{fds321938,
   Author = {Hallen, MA and Jou, JD and Donald, BR},
   Title = {LUTE (Local unpruned tuple expansion): Accurate continuously
             flexible protein design with general energy functions and
             rigid-rotamer-like efficiency},
   Journal = {Lecture notes in computer science},
   Volume = {9649},
   Pages = {122-136},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {January},
   ISBN = {9783319319568},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31957-5_9},
   Abstract = {© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016.Most
             protein design algorithms search over discrete conformations
             and an energy function that is residue-pairwise, i.e., a sum
             of terms that depend on the sequence and conformation of at
             most two residues. Although modeling of continuous
             flexibility and of non-residuepairwise energies
             significantly increases the accuracy of protein design,
             previous methods to model these phenomena add a significant
             asymptotic cost to design calculations. We now remove this
             cost by modeling continuous flexibility and
             non-residue-pairwise energies in a form suitable for direct
             input to highly efficient, discrete combinatorial
             optimization algorithms like DEE/A* or Branch-Width
             Minimization. Our novel algorithm performs a local unpruned
             tuple expansion (LUTE), which can efficiently represent both
             continuous flexibility and general, possibly non-pairwise
             energy functions to an arbitrary level of accuracy using a
             discrete energy matrix. We show using 47 design calculation
             test cases that LUTE provides a dramatic speedup in both
             single-state and multistate continuously flexible
             designs.},
   Doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-31957-5_9},
   Key = {fds321938}
}

@article{fds236348,
   Author = {Roberts, KE and Gainza, P and Hallen, MA and Donald,
             BR},
   Title = {Fast gap-free enumeration of conformations and sequences for
             protein design.},
   Journal = {Proteins: Structure, Function and Bioinformatics},
   Volume = {83},
   Number = {10},
   Pages = {1859-1877},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {October},
   ISSN = {0887-3585},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.24870},
   Abstract = {Despite significant successes in structure-based
             computational protein design in recent years, protein design
             algorithms must be improved to increase the biological
             accuracy of new designs. Protein design algorithms search
             through an exponential number of protein conformations,
             protein ensembles, and amino acid sequences in an attempt to
             find globally optimal structures with a desired biological
             function. To improve the biological accuracy of protein
             designs, it is necessary to increase both the amount of
             protein flexibility allowed during the search and the
             overall size of the design, while guaranteeing that the
             lowest-energy structures and sequences are found.
             DEE/A*-based algorithms are the most prevalent provable
             algorithms in the field of protein design and can provably
             enumerate a gap-free list of low-energy protein
             conformations, which is necessary for ensemble-based
             algorithms that predict protein binding. We present two
             classes of algorithmic improvements to the A* algorithm that
             greatly increase the efficiency of A*. First, we analyze the
             effect of ordering the expansion of mutable residue
             positions within the A* tree and present a dynamic residue
             ordering that reduces the number of A* nodes that must be
             visited during the search. Second, we propose new methods to
             improve the conformational bounds used to estimate the
             energies of partial conformations during the A* search. The
             residue ordering techniques and improved bounds can be
             combined for additional increases in A* efficiency. Our
             enhancements enable all A*-based methods to more fully
             search protein conformation space, which will ultimately
             improve the accuracy of complex biomedically relevant
             designs.},
   Doi = {10.1002/prot.24870},
   Key = {fds236348}
}

@article{fds321939,
   Author = {Paprotny, I and Levey, CG and Wright, PK and Donald,
             BR},
   Title = {Turning-rate selective control : A new method for
             independent control of stress-engineered MEMS
             microrobots},
   Volume = {8},
   Pages = {321-328},
   Year = {2013},
   Month = {January},
   ISBN = {9780262519687},
   Abstract = {© 2013 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.We present a
             novel method for independently controlling multiple
             stress-engineered MEMS microrobots called MicroStressBots
             through a single, global, control signal. We call this
             technique Turning-rate Selective Control (TSC). To implement
             TSC, we fabricated MicroStressBots that exhibit different
             turning rates. TSC specifically exploits these designed
             variations in turning rates between individual microrobots
             to differentiate their motion, and thereby obtain individual
             control. Thus, even though all robots move simultaneously,
             and are identical except for their turning rates, TSC can
             individually and independently position the robots' centers
             of rotation within a planar configuration space. This allows
             the individual robots to be independently maneuverable to
             within a distance r from an arbitrary desired goal point in
             the plane. The distance r is the turning radius
             (approximately half of a microrobot width). We describe the
             theory behind TSC and, by using fabricated microrobots, show
             experimental results that confirm the feasibility of TSC for
             controlling multiple MicroStressBots through a single,
             global, control signal. Our paper further validates the
             multi-microrobot control paradigm called Global Control
             Selective Response that we first introduced in 2007. We
             conclude by discussing how TSC can extend the maximum number
             of independently controllable MicroStressBots.},
   Key = {fds321939}
}

@article{fds341950,
   Author = {Donald, BR and Levey, CG and Paprotny, I},
   Title = {Assembly of planar structures by parallel actuation of Mems
             microrobots},
   Journal = {Technical Digest Solid State Sensors, Actuators, and
             Microsystems Workshop},
   Pages = {202-207},
   Year = {2008},
   Month = {January},
   ISBN = {9780964002494},
   Abstract = {© 2008 TRF. Parallel motion and cooperation of multiple
             microrobots has many potential applications, including
             microassembly. In this paper, we present designs, theory and
             the results of fabrication and testing for an untethered
             multi-microrobotic system of stressengineered MEMS
             microrobots that implements a novel microassembly scheme.
             Our work constitutes the first implementation of an
             untethered, mobile multi-microrobotic system. The robots are
             designed such that multiple devices can be independently
             maneuvered using a single, global control signal. We used a
             novel stress-engineering fabrication process to build 15
             microrobots and used these to demonstrate microassembly of
             five types of planar structures from two classes of initial
             conditions. The final assemblies matched their target shapes
             by 96% (average), measured as the percentage of the area of
             the target shape covered by the assembled
             structure.},
   Key = {fds341950}
}

@article{fds236461,
   Author = {Donald, BR and Levey, CG and McGray, CD and Paprotny, I and Rus,
             D},
   Title = {A steerable, untethered, 250 × 60 µm MEMS mobile
             micro-robot},
   Journal = {Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics},
   Volume = {28},
   Pages = {337-356},
   Year = {2007},
   Month = {January},
   ISBN = {9783540481102},
   ISSN = {1610-7438},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48113-3_31},
   Abstract = {© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007. We present a
             steerable, electrostatic, untethered, MEMS micro-robot, with
             dimensions of 60 µm by 250 µm by 10 µm. This micro-robot
             is 1 to 2 orders of magnitude smaller in size than previous
             micro-robotic systems. The device consists of a curved,
             cantilevered steering arm, mounted on an untethered scratch
             drive actuator. These two components are fabricated
             monolithically from the same sheet of conductive
             polysilicon, and receive a common power and control signal
             through a capacitive coupling with an underlying electrical
             grid. All locations on the grid receive the same power and
             control signal, so that the devices can be operated without
             knowledge of their position on the substrate and without
             constraining rails or tethers. Control and power delivery
             waveforms are broadcast to the device through the capacitive
             power coupling, and are decoded by the electromechanical
             response of the device body. Individual control of the
             component actuators provides two distinct motion gaits
             (forward motion and turning), which together allow full
             coverage of a planar workspace (the robot is globally
             controllable). These MEMS micro-robots demonstrate turning
             error of less than 3.7°/mm during forward motion, turn with
             radii as small as 176 µm, and achieve speeds of over 200
             µsec, with an average step size of 12 nm. They have been
             shown to operate open-loop for distances exceeding 35 cm
             without failure, and can be controlled through teleoperation
             to navigate complex paths.},
   Doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-48113-3_31},
   Key = {fds236461}
}

@article{jcb-poly06,
   Author = {L. Wang and R. Mettu and B. R. Donald},
   Title = {A Polynomial-Time Algorithm for {\em de novo} Protein
             Backbone Structure Determination from {NMR}
             Data},
   Journal = {Journal of Computational Biology},
   Volume = {13},
   Number = {7},
   Pages = {1276--1288},
   Year = {2006},
   Key = {jcb-poly06}
}

@article{jmems05,
   Author = {B. R. Donald and C. Levey and C. McGray and I. Paprotny and D. Rus},
   Title = {An Untethered, Electrostatic, Globally-Controllable {MEMS}
             Micro-Robot},
   Journal = {Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems},
   Year = {2005},
   Key = {jmems05}
}

@inproceedings{csb05-poly,
   Author = {L. Wang and R. Mettu and B. R. Donald},
   Title = {An Algebraic Geometry Approach to Protein Backbone Structure
             Determination from {NMR} Data},
   Pages = {235--246},
   Booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IEEE} Computational Systems
             Bioinformatics Conference ({CSB})},
   Address = {Stanford, CA},
   Year = {2005},
   Key = {csb05-poly}
}

@inproceedings{isrr-05,
   Author = {B. R. Donald and C. Levey and C. McGray and I. Paprotny and D. Rus},
   Title = {A Steerable, Untethered, 250 $\times$ 60 $\mu$m {MEMS}
             Mobile Micro-Robot},
   Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th {\it International Symposium of
             Robotics Research (ISRR)}},
   Address = {San Francisco, CA.},
   Year = {2005},
   Key = {isrr-05}
}

@inproceedings{wafr04,
   Author = {B. R. Donald},
   Title = {Plenary lecture: {Algorithmic} Challenges in Structural
             Molecular Biology and Proteomics},
   Pages = {1--10},
   Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on the
             Algorithmic Foundations of Robotics (WAFR)},
   Publisher = {University of Utrecht},
   Address = {Utrecht/Zeist, The Netherlands},
   Year = {2004},
   Key = {wafr04}
}

@inproceedings{recomb-04langmead-poster,
   Author = {C. Langmead and B. R. Donald},
   Title = {High-Throughput 3{D} homology Detection via {NMR} Resonance
             Assignment},
   Series = {Eighth Annual International Conference on Research in
             Computational Molecular Biology ({RECOMB})},
   Pages = {522},
   Booktitle = {Currents in Computational Molecular Biology,
             2004},
   Address = {San Diego},
   Editor = {A. Gramada and P. Bourne},
   Year = {2004},
   Key = {recomb-04langmead-poster}
}

@inproceedings{recomb-04a,
   Author = {A. Yan and C. Langmead and B. R. Donald},
   Title = {A Probability-Based Similarity Measure for Saupe Alignment
             Tensors with Applications to Residual Dipolar Couplings in
             {NMR} Structural Biology},
   Series = {Eighth Annual International Conference on Research in
             Computational Molecular Biology ({RECOMB})},
   Pages = {437--438},
   Booktitle = {Currents in Computational Molecular Biology,
             2004},
   Address = {San Diego},
   Editor = {A. Gramada and P. Bourne},
   Year = {2004},
   Key = {recomb-04a}
}

@inproceedings{WangDonald-csb04,
   Author = {L. Wang and B. R. Donald},
   Title = {Analysis of a Systematic Search-Based Algorithm for
             Determining Protein Backbone Structure from a Minimal Number
             of Residual Dipolar Couplings},
   Pages = {319--330},
   Booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IEEE} Computational Systems
             Bioinformatics Conference ({CSB})},
   Address = {Stanford, CA},
   Year = {2004},
   Key = {WangDonald-csb04}
}

@inproceedings{ieeecsb-langmead03,
   Author = {Langmead, CJ and Donald, BR},
   Title = {3D structural homology detection via unassigned residual
             dipolar couplings.},
   Journal = {Proceedings / IEEE Computer Society Bioinformatics
             Conference. IEEE Computer Society Bioinformatics
             Conference},
   Volume = {2},
   Pages = {209-217},
   Booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IEEE} Computer Society Bioinformatics
             Conference ({CSB})},
   Address = {Stanford},
   Year = {2003},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {1555-3930},
   Abstract = {Recognition of a protein's fold provides valuable
             information about its function. While many sequence-based
             homology prediction methods exist, an important challenge
             remains: two highly dissimilar sequences can have similar
             folds-- how can we detect this rapidly, in the context of
             structural genomics? High-throughput NMR experiments,
             coupled with novel algorithms for data analysis, can address
             this challenge. We report an automated procedure for
             detecting 3D structural homologies from sparse, unassigned
             protein NMR data. Our method identifies the 3D structural
             models in a protein structural database whose geometries
             best fit the unassigned experimental NMR data. It does not
             use sequence information and is thus not limited by sequence
             homology. The method can also be used to confirm or refute
             structural predictions made by other techniques such as
             protein threading or sequence homology. The algorithm runs
             in O(pnk(3)) time, where p is the number of proteins in the
             database, n is the number of residues in the target protein,
             and k is the resolution of a rotation search. The method
             requires only uniform (15)N-labelling of the protein and
             processes unassigned H(N)-(15)N residual dipolar couplings,
             which can be acquired in a couple of hours. Our experiments
             on NMR data from 5 different proteins demonstrate that the
             method identifies closely related protein folds, despite
             low-sequence homology between the target protein and the
             computed model.},
   Key = {ieeecsb-langmead03}
}

@inproceedings{ieeecsb03-wang,
   Author = {Wang, L and Mettu, RR and Lilien, R and Donald, BR},
   Title = {An exact algorithm for determining protein backbone
             structure from NH residual dipolar couplings},
   Journal = {Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Bioinformatics Conference, CSB
             2003},
   Pages = {611-612},
   Booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IEEE} Computer Society Bioinformatics
             Conference ({CSB})},
   Address = {Stanford},
   Year = {2003},
   Month = {January},
   ISBN = {0769520006},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CSB.2003.1227422},
   Abstract = {© 2003 IEEE.We have developed a novel algorithm for protein
             backbone structure determination using global orientational
             restraints on internuclear bond vectors derived from
             residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) measured in solution NMR.
             The algorithm is a depth-first search (DPS) strategy that is
             built upon two low-degree polynomial equations for computing
             the backbone (φ, ψ) angles, exactly and in constant time,
             from two bond vectors in consecutive peptide
             planes.},
   Doi = {10.1109/CSB.2003.1227422},
   Key = {ieeecsb03-wang}
}

@article{oneil-03,
   Author = {R. O'Neil and R. Lilien and B. R. Donald and R. Stroud and A. Anderson},
   Title = {Crystal structure of Dihydrofolate Reductase-Thymidylate
             Synthase ({DHFR}-{TS}) from {{\em Cryptosporidium
             hominis}}},
   Year = {2003},
   Key = {oneil-03}
}

@article{jmems03,
   Author = {B. R. Donald and C. Levey and C. McGray and D. Rus and M.
             Sinclair},
   Title = {Power Delivery and Locomotion of Untethered
             Micro-Actuators},
   Journal = {Jour. of Microelectromechanical Systems},
   Volume = {10},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {947--959},
   Year = {2003},
   Key = {jmems03}
}

@inproceedings{isrr-03,
   Author = {B. R. Donald and C. Levey and C. McGray and D. Rus and M.
             Sinclair},
   Title = {Untethered Micro-Actuators for Autonomous Micro-robot
             Locomotion: Design, Fabrication, Control, and
             Performance},
   Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th {\it International Symposium of
             Robotics Research}},
   Address = {Siena, Italy},
   Year = {2003},
   Key = {isrr-03}
}

@inproceedings{recomb02-poster,
   Author = {R. Lilien and A. Anderson and B. Donald},
   Title = {Modeling Protein Flexibility for Structure-Based Active Site
             Redesign},
   Series = {The Sixth Annual International Conference on Research in
             Computational Molecular Biology (RECOMB)},
   Pages = {122-123},
   Booktitle = {Currents in Computational Molecular Biology},
   Address = {Washington DC},
   Editor = {L. Florea and others},
   Year = {2002},
   Key = {recomb02-poster}
}

@inproceedings{lilien01,
   Author = {R. Lilien and A. Anderson and B. R. Donald},
   Title = {Modeling of Protein Flexibility for Computational Active
             Site Redesign},
   Booktitle = {The 16th Annual National M.D./Ph.D.~Conference},
   Organization = {Given Institute , Aspen, Colorado},
   Institution = {Given Institute , Aspen, Colorado},
   Year = {2001},
   Key = {lilien01}
}

@inproceedings{recomb00,
   Author = {C. Bailey-Kellogg and A. Widge and J. J. {Kelley III} and M.
             J. Berardi and J. H. Bushweller and B. R.
             Donald},
   Title = {The {NOESY} {Jigsaw}: Automated Protein Secondary Structure
             and Main-Chain Assignment from Sparse, Unassigned {NMR}
             Data},
   Pages = {33--44},
   Booktitle = {The Fourth Annual International Conference on Research in
             Computational Molecular Biology ({RECOMB-2000})},
   Year = {2000},
   Key = {recomb00}
}

@inproceedings{BaileyKelloggZhaoDonald00,
   Author = {C. Bailey-Kellogg and F. Zhao and B. R. Donald},
   Title = {Spatial Aggregation in Scientific Data Mining},
   Booktitle = {Proceedings of the First {SIAM} Conference on Computational
             Science and Engineering},
   Address = {Washington, DC},
   Year = {2000},
   Key = {BaileyKelloggZhaoDonald00}
}

@inproceedings{GariepyRusDonald99,
   Author = {B. R. Donald and L. Gariepy and D. Rus},
   Title = {Experiments in Constrained Prehensile Manipulation:
             Distributed Manipulation with Ropes},
   Booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Symposium on Experimental
             Robotics {ISER}},
   Address = {Sydney, Australia},
   Year = {1999},
   Key = {GariepyRusDonald99}
}

@article{BohringerDonaldMacDonald97A,
   Author = {K.-F.~B{\"o}hringer and B.~R.~Donald and N.~C.~MacDonald},
   Title = {{\em Programmable Vector Fields for Distributed
             Manipulation, with Applications to MEMS Actuator Arrays and
             Vibratory Parts Feeders}},
   Journal = {International Journal of Robotics Research},
   Volume = {18},
   Number = {2},
   Year = {1999},
   Key = {BohringerDonaldMacDonald97A}
}

@inproceedings{icra99b,
   Author = {K.-F.~B{\"o}hringer and B.~R.~Donald and F.~Lamiraux and L.~Kavraki},
   Title = {Part Orientation with One or Two Stable Equilibria Using
             Programmable Force Fields},
   Booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation,
             Workshop on Distributed Manipulation},
   Year = {1999},
   Key = {icra99b}
}

@inproceedings{BohringerLamirauxKavrakiDonald99,
   Author = {K.-F. B{\"o}hringer and B. R. Donald and F. Lamiraux and L.
             Kavraki},
   Title = {Part Orientation with One or Two Stable Equilibria Using
             Programmable Vector Fields},
   Booktitle = {{IEEE} International Conference on Robotics and Automation,
             Workshop on Distributed Manipulation},
   Address = {Detroit},
   Year = {1999},
   Key = {BohringerLamirauxKavrakiDonald99}
}

@inproceedings{isrr99,
   Author = {K.-F.~B{\"o}hringer and B.~R.~Donald and F.~Lamiraux and L.~Kavraki},
   Title = {A Single Universal Force Field Can Uniquely Pose Any Part Up
             To Symmetry},
   Booktitle = {9th International Symposium of Robotics Research
             (ISRR)},
   Year = {1999},
   Key = {isrr99}
}

@inproceedings{GariepyRusDonald99B,
   Author = {B. R. Donald and L. Gariepy and D. Rus},
   Title = {Experiments in Constrained Prehensile Manipulation:
             Distributed Manipulation with Ropes},
   Booktitle = {{IEEE} International Conference on Robotics and Automation,
             Workshop on Distributed Manipulation},
   Address = {Detroit},
   Year = {1999},
   Key = {GariepyRusDonald99B}
}

@inproceedings{icra99a,
   Author = {J.~Suh and B.~Darling and K.-F.~B{\"o}hringer and B.~R.~Donald and H.~Baltes and G.~Kovacs},
   Title = {{CMOS} Integrated Organic Ciliary Actuator Array as a
             General-Purpose Micromanipulation Tool},
   Booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation,
             Workshop on Distributed Manipulation},
   Year = {1999},
   Key = {icra99a}
}

@inproceedings{icra98,
   Author = {K.-F.~B{\"o}hringer and B.~R.~Donald},
   Title = {Micro Contacts and Micro Manipulation with {MEMS} Actuator
             Arrays},
   Booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation,
             Workshop on Modeling, Contact Analysis, and Simulation of
             Mechanical Systems in Robotics and Manufacturing},
   Year = {1998},
   Key = {icra98}
}

@inproceedings{BohringerDonald98,
   Author = {K.-F. B{\"o}hringer and B. R. Donald},
   Title = {Algorithmic {MEMS}},
   Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on the
             Algorithmic Foundations of Robotics {WAFR}},
   Address = {Houston, TX},
   Year = {1998},
   Key = {BohringerDonald98}
}

@inproceedings{BohringerDonaldHalperin97A,
   Author = {K.-F.~B{\"o}hringer and B.~R.~Donald and D.~Halperin},
   Title = {{\em On the Area Bisectors of a Polygon}},
   Booktitle = {Second CGC Workshop on Computational Geometry},
   Organization = {Duke University},
   Institution = {Duke University},
   Address = {Durham, NC},
   Year = {1997},
   Month = {October},
   Key = {BohringerDonaldHalperin97A}
}

@article{dcg97,
   Author = {K.-F.~B{\"o}hringer and B.~R.~Donald and D.~Halperin},
   Title = {On the Area Bisectors of a Polygon},
   Journal = {Discrete and Computational Geometry},
   Volume = {22},
   Pages = {269--285},
   Year = {1997},
   Key = {dcg97}
}

@inproceedings{BohringerDonaldHalperin97B,
   Author = {K.-F.~B{\"o}hringer and B.~R.~Donald and D.~Halperin},
   Title = {The Area Bisectors of a Polygon and Force Equilibria in
             Programmable Vector Fields},
   Pages = {457--459},
   Booktitle = {{\em Proc.~$13^{{\rm th}}$ ACM Symposium on Computational
             Geometry}},
   Address = {Nice, France},
   Year = {1997},
   Key = {BohringerDonaldHalperin97B}
}

@inproceedings{BohringerDonaldMacDonald96A,
   Author = {K.-F.~B{\"o}hringer and B.~R.~Donald and N.
             MacDonald},
   Title = {Upper and lower bounds for programmable vector fields with
             applications to MEMS and vibratory plate parts
             feeders},
   Booktitle = {Proc.~{\em International Workshop on the Algorithmic
             Foundations of Robotics (WAFR)}},
   Address = {Toulouse, France},
   Year = {1996},
   Month = {July},
   Key = {BohringerDonaldMacDonald96A}
}

@inproceedings{BohringerDonaldMacDonald96B,
   Author = {K.-F.~B{\"o}hringer and B.~R.~Donald and N.~C.~MacDonald},
   Title = {Classification and Lower Bounds for MEMS Arrays and
             Vibratory Parts Feeders: What Programmable Vector Fields Can
             (and Cannot) Do},
   Booktitle = {{\em IEEE International Conference on Robotics and
             Automation (ICRA)}},
   Address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota},
   Year = {1996},
   Month = {April},
   Key = {BohringerDonaldMacDonald96B}
}

@inproceedings{BriggsDonald96,
   Author = {A. Briggs and B. R. Donald},
   Title = {Robust Geometric Algorithms for Sensor Planning},
   Booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Algorithmic
             Foundations of Robotics {WAFR}},
   Address = {Toulouse, France},
   Year = {1996},
   Key = {BriggsDonald96}
}

@article{Donald95A,
   Author = {B.~R.~Donald},
   Title = {Information Invariants in Robotics},
   Journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
   Volume = {72},
   Pages = {217--304},
   Year = {1995},
   Month = {January},
   Key = {Donald95A}
}

@inproceedings{ISER95,
   Author = {K.-F. B{\"o}hringer and R. Brown and B. R. Donald and J.
             Jennings and D. Rus},
   Title = {Distributed Robotic Manipulation: Experiments in
             Minimalism},
   Booktitle = {{\em International Symposium on Experimental Robotics}
             (Experimental Robotics IV, Lecture Notes in Control and
             Information Sciences 223; ed. O. Khatib et al., Springer
             Verlag (Berlin) 1997. pp. 11-25)},
   Address = {Stanford, CA},
   Year = {1995},
   Key = {ISER95}
}

@inproceedings{JenningsRusDonald95,
   Author = {D. Rus and B. R. Donald and J. Jennings},
   Title = {Moving Furniture with Teams of Autonomous Mobile
             Robots},
   Pages = {235--242},
   Booktitle = {Proc. {IEEE}/Robotics Society of Japan International
             Workshop on Intelligent Robots and Systems},
   Address = {Pittsburgh, PA},
   Year = {1995},
   Key = {JenningsRusDonald95}
}

@inproceedings{Donald95,
   Author = {B. R. Donald},
   Title = {Distributed Robotic Manipulation: Experiments in
             Minimalism},
   Booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Symposium on Experimental
             Robotics},
   Address = {Stanford, CA},
   Year = {1995},
   Key = {Donald95}
}

@inproceedings{BohringerDonaldMacDonaldMihailovich94B,
   Author = {K.-F.~B{\"o}hringer and B.~R.~Donald and Noel C. MacDonald and R. Mihailovich},
   Title = {A Theory of Manipulation and Control for Microfabricated
             Actuator Arrays},
   Booktitle = {Proc.~$7^{{\rm th}}$ IEEE Workshop on Micro Electro
             Mechanical Systems ({\sc MEMS'94})},
   Address = {Kanagawa, Japan},
   Year = {1994},
   Month = {January},
   Key = {BohringerDonaldMacDonaldMihailovich94B}
}

@inproceedings{DonaldJenningsRus94A,
   Author = {B.~R.~Donald and J.~Jennings and D.~Rus},
   Title = {Information Invariants for Distributed Manipulation},
   Booktitle = {{\em The First Workshop on the Algorithmic Foundations of
             Robotics (WAFR)}},
   Address = {San Fransisco, CA},
   Year = {1994},
   Key = {DonaldJenningsRus94A}
}

@article{PaiDonald93,
   Author = {B. R. Donald and D. Pai},
   Title = {The Motion of Planar Compliantly-Connected Rigid Bodies in
             Contact, with Applications to Automatic Fastening},
   Journal = {International Journal of Robotics Research},
   Volume = {12},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {307--338},
   Year = {1993},
   Key = {PaiDonald93}
}

@inproceedings{BrownChewDonald93,
   Author = {R. Brown and P. Chew and B. R. Donald},
   Title = {Mobile Robots, Map-making, Shape Metrics, and
             Localization},
   Booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Association of Science and
             Technology for Development ({IASTED}) International
             Conference on Robotics and Manufacturing},
   Address = {Oxford, England},
   Year = {1993},
   Key = {BrownChewDonald93}
}

@inproceedings{JenningsRusDonald93B,
   Author = {J. Jennings and D. Rus and B. R. Donald},
   Title = {Experimental Information Invariants for Cooperating
             Autonomous Mobile Robots},
   Booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on
             Artificial Intelligence ({IJCAI}) Workshop on Dynamically
             Interacting Robots},
   Address = {Chambery, France},
   Year = {1993},
   Key = {JenningsRusDonald93B}
}

@inproceedings{JenningsRusDonald93A,
   Author = {B. R. Donald and J. Jennings and D. Rus},
   Title = {Towards a Theory of Information Invariants for Cooperating
             Autonomous Mobile Robots},
   Booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Symposium of Robotics
             Research {ISRR}},
   Address = {Hidden Valley, PA},
   Year = {1993},
   Key = {JenningsRusDonald93A}
}

@article{ai-robotics-92,
   Author = {B. R. Donald},
   Title = {On Planning: What is to be Done?},
   Journal = {Communication and Cognition-Artificial Intelligence},
   Volume = {9},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {89--132},
   Booktitle = {Special Issue on {AI} and Robotics},
   Year = {1992},
   Key = {ai-robotics-92}
}

@article{ieee-92,
   Author = {B. R. Donald},
   Title = {Robot Motion Planning},
   Journal = {{IEEE} Trans. on Robotics and Automation},
   Volume = {8},
   Number = {2},
   Year = {1992},
   Key = {ieee-92}
}

@inproceedings{CannyResslerDonald92,
   Author = {J. Canny and B. R. Donald and G. Ressler},
   Title = {A Rational Rotation Method for Robust Geometric
             Algorithms},
   Pages = {251--260},
   Booktitle = {Proc. {ACM} Symposium on Computational Geometry},
   Address = {Berlin},
   Year = {1992},
   Key = {CannyResslerDonald92}
}

@inproceedings{DonaldJennings91B,
   Author = {B.~R.~Donald and J.~Jennings},
   Title = {Perceptual Limits, Perceptual Equivalence Classes, and a
             Robot's Sensori-Computational Capabilities},
   Pages = {1397--1405},
   Booktitle = {IEEE/Robotics Society of Japan International Workshop on
             Intelligent Robots and Systems},
   Address = {Osaka, Japan},
   Year = {1991},
   Month = {November},
   Key = {DonaldJennings91B}
}

@inproceedings{JenningsDonald91A,
   Author = {J. Jennings and B. R. Donald},
   Title = {Programming Autonomous Agents: A theory of Perceptual
             Equivalence},
   Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Sensory
             Aspects of Robotic Intelligence},
   Address = {Asilomar, CA},
   Year = {1991},
   Key = {JenningsDonald91A}
}

@inproceedings{XavierDonald89B,
   Author = {B. R. Donald and P. Xavier},
   Title = {A Provably Good Approximation Algorithm for Optimal-Time
             Trajectory Planning},
   Pages = {958--964},
   Booktitle = {Proc. {IEEE} International Conference on Robotics and
             Automation},
   Address = {Scottsdale, AZ},
   Year = {1989},
   Key = {XavierDonald89B}
}

@article{fds331370,
   Author = {Donald, BR},
   Title = {The complexity of planar compliant motion planning Under
             Uncertainty},
   Journal = {Proceedings of the 4th Annual Symposium on Computational
             Geometry, SCG 1988},
   Pages = {309-318},
   Year = {1988},
   Month = {January},
   ISBN = {0897912705},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/73393.73425},
   Abstract = {© 1988 ACM. We consider the computational complexity of
             planning compliant motions in the plane, given geometric
             bounds on the uncertainty in sensing and control. We can
             give efficient algorithms for generating and verifying
             compliant motion strategies that are guaranteed to succeed
             as long as the sensing and control uncertainties lie within
             the specified bounds. We also consider the case where a
             compliant motion plan is required to succeed over some
             parametric family of geometries. While these problems are
             known to be intractable in 3D, we identify tractable
             subclasses in the plane.},
   Doi = {10.1145/73393.73425},
   Key = {fds331370}
}

@inproceedings{Donald88,
   Author = {B. R. Donald},
   Title = {The Complexity of Planar Compliant Motion Planning with
             Uncertainty},
   Pages = {309--318},
   Booktitle = {Proc. 4th {ACM} Symposium on Computational
             Geometry},
   Address = {Urbana. IL},
   Year = {1988},
   Key = {Donald88}
}

@inproceedings{CannyDonald87,
   Author = {Canny, J and Donald, B},
   Title = {Simplified voronoi diagrams},
   Journal = {Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Symposium on Computational
             Geometry, SCG 1987},
   Pages = {153-161},
   Booktitle = {Proc. Third {ACM} Symposium on Computational
             Geometry},
   Address = {Waterloo, Ontario},
   Year = {1987},
   Month = {October},
   ISBN = {0897912314},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/41958.41974},
   Abstract = {© 1987 ACM. We are interested in Voronoi diagrams as a tool
             in robot path planning, where the search for a path in anr
             dimensional space may be simplified to a search on an r - 1
             dimensional Voronoi diagram. We define a Voronoidiagram V
             based on a measure of distance which is not a true metric.
             This formulation has lower algebraiccomplexity than the
             usual definition, which is a considerable advantage in
             motion planning problems with manydegrees of freedom. In its
             simplest form, the measure of distance between a point and a
             polytope is the maximum of the distances of the point from
             the half-spaces which pass through faces of the polytope.
             More generally,the measure is defined in configuration
             spaces which represent rotation. The Voronoi diagram defined
             using this distance measure is no longer a strong
             deformation retract of free space, but it has the following
             usefulproperty, any path through free space which starts and
             ends on the diagram ran be continuously deformed so that it
             lies entirely on the diagram. Thus it is still complete for
             motion planning, but it lias lower algebraiccomplexity than
             a diagram based on the euclidean metric.},
   Doi = {10.1145/41958.41974},
   Key = {CannyDonald87}
}

@inproceedings{Donald86A,
   Author = {B. R. Donald},
   Title = {A Theory of Error Detection and Recovery: Robot Motion
             Planning with Uncertainty in the Geometric Models of the
             Robot and Environment},
   Booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Workshop on Geometric
             Reasoning},
   Address = {Oxford University, England},
   Year = {1986},
   Key = {Donald86A}
}

@inproceedings{Donald85,
   Author = {Donald, BR},
   Title = {On motion planning with six degrees of freedoms solving the
             intersection problems in configuration space},
   Journal = {Proceedings Ieee International Conference on Robotics and
             Automation},
   Pages = {536-541},
   Booktitle = {Proc. {IEEE} International Conference on Robotics and
             Automation},
   Address = {St. Louis, Missouri},
   Year = {1985},
   Month = {January},
   ISBN = {0818606150},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1985.1087334},
   Abstract = {© 1985 IEEE. The Movers' problem ia to find a continuous,
             collision-free path for a moving object through an
             environment containing obstacles. The classical formulation
             of the three-dimensional Movers' problem is as follows:
             given an arbitrary rigid polyhedral moving object P with
             three translationl and three rotational degrees of' freedom,
             find a continuous, collision-free path taking P from some
             initial configuration to a desired goal configuration. The
             six degree of freedom Movers' problem may be transformed
             into a point navigation problem in a six-dimensional
             configuration space (called C-S pace). The C-Space
             obstacles, which characterize the physically unachievable
             configurations, are directly represented by six-dimensional
             manifolds whose boundaries are five dimensional C-surfaces.
             By characterizing these surfaces and their intersections,
             collision-free paths may be found by the closure of three
             operators which (i) slide along 5-dinieiisional level
             C-surfaces parallel to C-S pace obstacles; (ii) slide along
             1-to A-dimensional intersections of level C-surfaces; and
             (iii) jump between 6-dimonsional obstacles. We show how to
             construct and represent C-surfaces and their intersection
             manifold?. We also demonstrate how to intersect trajectories
             with the boundaries of C-Space obstacles. The theory and
             representations we develop extend to Cartesian manipulators
             with six degrees of freedom.},
   Doi = {10.1109/ROBOT.1985.1087334},
   Key = {Donald85}
}

@inproceedings{Donald83,
   Author = {B. R. Donald},
   Title = {The Mover's Problem in Automated Structural
             Design},
   Booktitle = {Proc. Harvard Computer Graphics Conference},
   Address = {Cambridge, MA},
   Year = {1983},
   Key = {Donald83}
}


%% Papers Accepted   
@misc{gordon04-poster-langmead,
   Author = {C. Langmead and B. R. Donald},
   Title = {A Framework for Automated {NMR} Resonance Assignments and
             3{D} Structural Homology Detection},
   Address = {Ventura, CA},
   Year = {2004},
   Key = {gordon04-poster-langmead}
}

@misc{gordon04-poster-wang,
   Author = {L. Wang and R. Mettu and R. Lilien and A. Yan and B. R.
             Donald},
   Title = {Exact Solutions for Internuclear Vectors and Dihedral Angles
             from Two {RDC}s and Their Application in a Systematic Search
             Algorithm for Determining Protein Backbone
             Structure},
   Address = {Ventura, CA},
   Year = {2004},
   Key = {gordon04-poster-wang}
}

@misc{acs03-poster-anderson,
   Author = {A. Anderson and R. Lilien and V. Popov and B. R.
             Donald},
   Title = {Ensembles of Active Site Conformations Allow Structure-Based
             Redesign and Drug Design},
   Address = {New Orleans},
   Year = {2003},
   Key = {acs03-poster-anderson}
}

@misc{ismb00-poster-langmead,
   Author = {C. J. Langmead and B. R. Donald},
   Title = {Time-frequency Analysis of Protein {NMR}
             Data},
   Year = {2000},
   Key = {ismb00-poster-langmead}
}

@misc{ismb00-poster-cbk,
   Author = {C. Bailey-Kellogg and A. Widge and J. J. {Kelley III} and M.
             J. Berardi and J. H. Bushweller and B. R.
             Donald},
   Title = {The {NOESY} {Jigsaw}: Automated Protein Secondary Structure
             and Main-Chain Assignment from Sparse, Unassigned {NMR}
             Data},
   Year = {2000},
   Key = {ismb00-poster-cbk}
}

@misc{ismb00-poster-lilien,
   Author = {R. Lilien and M. Sridharan and X. Huang and J. H. Bushweller and B. R. Donald},
   Title = {Computational Screening Studies for Core Binding Factor
             Beta: Use of Multiple Conformations to Model Receptor
             Flexibility},
   Year = {2000},
   Key = {ismb00-poster-lilien}
}

@misc{JenningsRusDonald-poster-94,
   Author = {B. R. Donald and J. Jennings and D. Rus},
   Title = {Cooperating Autonomous Mobile Robots: Theory and
             Experiments},
   Address = {{MIT}, Cambridge, MA},
   Year = {1994},
   Key = {JenningsRusDonald-poster-94}
}


%% Other   
@techreport{Dartmouth:TR2004-492,
   Author = {Ryan H. Lilien and Mohini Sridharan and Bruce R.
             Donald},
   Title = {{Identification of Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors of
             Core-Binding Factor Dimerization by Computational Screening
             against NMR Molecular Ensembles}},
   Number = {TR2004-492},
   Organization = {Dartmouth College, Computer Science},
   Institution = {Dartmouth College, Computer Science},
   Address = {Hanover, NH},
   Year = {2004},
   url = {ftp://ftp.cs.dartmouth.edu/TR/TR2004-492.pdf},
   Key = {Dartmouth:TR2004-492}
}

@techreport{Dartmouth:TR2004-494,
   Author = {Christopher J. Langmead and Bruce R. Donald},
   Title = {{An Improved Nuclear Vector Replacement Algorithm for
             Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Assignment}},
   Number = {TR2004-494},
   Organization = {Dartmouth College, Computer Science},
   Institution = {Dartmouth College, Computer Science},
   Address = {Hanover, NH},
   Year = {2003},
   url = {ftp://ftp.cs.dartmouth.edu/TR/TR2004-494.pdf},
   Key = {Dartmouth:TR2004-494}
}


%% Edited journal or collection PUBLISHED   
@inbook{distr-manip00b,
   Author = {K.-F.~B{\"o}hringer and B.~R.~Donald and F.~Lamiraux and L.~Kavraki},
   Title = {Distributed Manipulation},
   Publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishing},
   Editor = {K.~B{\"o}hringer et al.},
   Chapter = {A Distributed, Universal Device for Plan},
   Year = {2000},
   Key = {distr-manip00b}
}

@inbook{distr-manip00c,
   Author = {B.~R.~Donald and L.~Gariepy and D.~Rus},
   Title = {Distributed Manipulation},
   Publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishing},
   Editor = {K.~B{\"o}hringer et al.},
   Chapter = {Constrained Prehensile Manipulation: Dis},
   Year = {2000},
   Key = {distr-manip00c}
}

@inbook{distr-manip00a,
   Author = {J.~Suh and R.~B.~Darling and K.-F.~B{\"o}hringer and B.~R.~Donald and H.~Baltes and G.~Kovacs},
   Title = {Distributed Manipulation},
   Publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishing},
   Editor = {K.~B{\"o}hringer et al.},
   Chapter = {{CMOS} Integrated Organic Ciliary Actuat},
   Year = {2000},
   Key = {distr-manip00a}
}

@incollection{robot-research00,
   Author = {K.-F. B{\"o}hringer and B. R. Donald and F. Lamiraux and L.
             Kavraki},
   Title = {A Single Universal Force Field Can Uniquely Orient
             Non-symmetric Parts},
   Pages = {395--402},
   Booktitle = {Robotics Research},
   Publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
   Address = {London},
   Editor = {J. Hollerbach and D. Koditschek},
   Year = {2000},
   Key = {robot-research00}
}

@incollection{experimental-robotics00,
   Author = {B. R. Donald and L. Gariepy and D. Rus},
   Title = {Experiments in Constrained Prehensile Manipulation:
             Distributted Manipulation with Ropes},
   Volume = {250},
   Series = {Lecture Notes in Control and Information
             Sciences},
   Pages = {25--36},
   Booktitle = {Experimental Robotics {VI}},
   Publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
   Editor = {P. Corke et al.},
   Year = {2000},
   Key = {experimental-robotics00}
}

@inbook{algo-mems98,
   Author = {K.-F.~B{\"o}hringer and B.~R.~Donald},
   Title = {Robotics: The Algorithmic Perspective},
   Pages = {1--20},
   Publisher = {A.~K.~Peters},
   Editor = {P.~Agarwal et al.},
   Chapter = {Algorithmic {MEMS}},
   Year = {1998},
   Key = {algo-mems98}
}

@incollection{BohringerMacDonaldDonald97,
   Author = {K.-F. B{\"o}hringer and B. R. Donald and N.
             MacDonald},
   Title = {Upper and lower bounds for programmable vector fields with
             applications to {MEMS} and vibratory plate parts
             feeders},
   Pages = {255--276},
   Booktitle = {Algorithms for Robotic Motion and Manipulation},
   Publisher = {A. K. Peters},
   Address = {Wellesley, MA},
   Editor = {J. P. Laumond and M. Overmars},
   Year = {1997},
   Key = {BohringerMacDonaldDonald97}
}

@incollection{BriggsDonald97,
   Author = {A.~Briggs and B.~R.~Donald},
   Title = {Robust geometric algorithms for sensor planning},
   Pages = {197--212},
   Booktitle = {Algorithms for Robotic Motion and Manipulation},
   Publisher = {A.~K.~Peters},
   Address = {Wellesley, MA},
   Editor = {J.~P.~Laumond and M.~Overmars},
   Year = {1997},
   Key = {BriggsDonald97}
}

@incollection{JenningsRusDonald95B,
   Author = {B. R. Donald and J. Jennings and D. Rus},
   Title = {Information Invariants for Distributed Manipulation},
   Pages = {431--458},
   Booktitle = {Algorithmic Foundations of Robotics},
   Publisher = {A. K. Peters},
   Address = {Boston, MA},
   Editor = {K. Goldberg et al.},
   Year = {1995},
   Key = {JenningsRusDonald95B}
}

@incollection{PaiDonald92,
   Author = {B. R. Donald and D. Pai},
   Title = {Symbolic Methods for the Simulation of Planar Mechanical
             Systems in Design},
   Pages = {245--258},
   Booktitle = {Symbolic and Numerical Computation for Artificial
             Intelligence},
   Publisher = {Academic Press, Harcourt Jovanovich},
   Address = {London},
   Editor = {B. Donald et al.},
   Year = {1992},
   Key = {PaiDonald92}
}

@incollection{CannyDonald90,
   Author = {J. Canny and B. R. Donald},
   Title = {Simplified Voronoi Diagrams},
   Pages = {272--289},
   Booktitle = {Autonomous Robot Vehicles},
   Publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
   Address = {New York},
   Year = {1990},
   Key = {CannyDonald90}
}

@incollection{Donald89B,
   Author = {B. R. Donald},
   Title = {A Geometric Approach to Error Detection and Recovery for
             Robot Motion Planning with Uncertainty},
   Pages = {223--274},
   Booktitle = {Geometric Reasoning},
   Publisher = {{MIT} Press},
   Address = {Cambridge},
   Year = {1989},
   Key = {Donald89B}
}

 

dept@math.duke.edu
ph: 919.660.2800
fax: 919.660.2821

Mathematics Department
Duke University, Box 90320
Durham, NC 27708-0320