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Publications of Charles M. Becker :chronological alphabetical combined listing:
%% Books @book{fds322918, Author = {Becker, CM and Marchenko, GA and Khakimzhanov, S and Seitenova, AGS and Ivliev, V}, Title = {Social security reform in transition economies: Lessons from Kazakhstan}, Pages = {1-275}, Publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan US}, Year = {2009}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9780230607361}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230618022}, Abstract = {This book examines social security reform in the Central Asian republic of Kazakhstan, with a focus on lessons for late reformers such as China and Russia.}, Doi = {10.1057/9780230618022}, Key = {fds322918} } @book{fds147108, Author = {Charles M. Becker and Grigory A. Marchenko and Sabit Khakimzhanov and Ai-Gul S. Seitenova and Vladimir Ivliev}, Title = {SOCIAL SECURITY REFORM IN TRANSITION ECONOMICS: LESSONS FROM KAZAKHSTAN}, Publisher = {New York: Palgrave Macmillan}, Year = {2009}, Key = {fds147108} } @book{fds27073, Author = {Mills, Edwin S. and Charles M. Becker}, Title = {STUDIES IN INDIAN URBAN DEVELOPMENT}, Publisher = {New York: Oxford University Press}, Year = {2004}, Key = {fds27073} } @book{fds17431, Author = {National Research Council and Panel on Urban Population Dynamics. Mark R. Montgomery and Richard Stren and editors and the assistance of Holly Reed}, Title = {CITIES TRANSFORMED: THE DYNAMICS OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES}, Publisher = {National Academies Press}, Year = {2003}, url = {. http://www.nap.edu/books/0309088623/html/}, Key = {fds17431} } @book{fds27070, Author = {Becker, Charles M. and Andrew M. Hamer and Andrew R. Morrison}, Title = {BEYOND URBAN BIAS: AFRICAN CITIES IN AN AGE OF STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT}, Year = {1994}, Key = {fds27070} } @book{fds27071, Author = {Becker, Charles M. and Jeffrey G. Williamson and Edwin S. Mills}, Title = {INDIAN URBANIZATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH SINCE 1960}, Publisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press}, Year = {1992}, Key = {fds27071} } @book{fds27072, Author = {Becker, Charles M. and Trevor Bell and Haider Ali Khan and Patricia Pollard}, Title = {THE IMPACT OF SANCTIONS ON SOUTH AFRICA}, Year = {1990}, Key = {fds27072} } %% Book Reviews @article{fds17434, Author = {C.M. Becker}, Title = {Review of Arne Tostensen, et al., Eds. 2001. ASSOCIATIONAL LIFE IN AFRICAN CITIES: POPULAR RESPONSES TO THE URBAN CRISIS: Uppsala, Sweden: Nordiska Afrikainstutet}, Journal = {African Studies Review}, Volume = {46}, Number = {1}, Pages = {193-94}, Year = {2003}, Key = {fds17434} } @article{fds17435, Author = {C.M. Becker}, Title = {Review of Bill Freund and Vishnu Padayachee, Eds. 2002. (D)URBAN VORTEX: SOUTH AFRICAN CITY IN TRANSITION. Pietermaritzburg, South Africa: University of Natal Press}, Journal = {African Studies Review}, Volume = {47}, Year = {2003}, Key = {fds17435} } @article{fds17443, Author = {C.M. Becker}, Title = {Review of World Bank. 2000. ENTERING THE 21ST CENTURY: WORLD DEVELOPMENT REPORT 1999/2000. New York: Oxford University Press.}, Journal = {Regional Science & Urban Economics}, Year = {2001}, Key = {fds17443} } @article{fds17444, Author = {C.M. Becker}, Title = {Review of Shirin Akiner, Sander Tideman, and John Hay, Eds. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN CENTRAL ASIA. New York: St. Martins Press.}, Journal = {Journal of Energy & Development}, Volume = {25}, Number = {2}, Year = {2000}, Month = {Spring}, Key = {fds17444} } %% Journal Articles @article{fds376882, Author = {Ye, VY and Becker, CM}, Title = {Moving mountains: Geography, neighborhood sorting, and spatial income segregation}, Journal = {Journal of Regional Science}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jors.12697}, Abstract = {Using a novel geospatial panel combined with data from the 2015 American Community Survey (ACS), we investigate the effect of topography—altitude and terrain unevenness—on income segregation at the neighborhood level. Specifically, we perform large-scale counterfactual simulations by estimating household preferences for topography, altering the topographical profile of each city, and observing the resulting neighborhood sorting outcome. We find that unevenness contributes to the segmentation of markets: in the absence of hilliness, rich and poor households experience greater mixing. Hillier cities are more income-segregated because of their unevenness; the opposite is true for flatter cities.}, Doi = {10.1111/jors.12697}, Key = {fds376882} } @article{fds370402, Author = {Morgenstern, G and Becker, C}, Title = {Race and Subprime Lending Frequency: Understanding Subprime Lending's Role in the St. Louis Vacancy Crisis}, Journal = {Review of Black Political Economy}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00346446231164167}, Abstract = {Using loan-level data, this analysis considers the intersection of race, subprime home loans, and the current vacancy crisis in St. Louis, Missouri. Borrowers in Black areas in the north of St. Louis City and St. Louis County received subprime home loans at higher frequencies during the subprime boom period of 2003–2007 than those in White areas, with differences in balloon loans especially stark. Specifically, borrowers in Black neighborhoods received subprime loans more frequently than those with equal FICO scores in White neighborhoods. As a result of these differential loan terms, North City and inner ring “First Suburb” areas saw more foreclosure and borrower payment delinquency, which in turn were highly associated with home vacancy, controlling for other risk factors. However, foreclosure was no longer a significant predictor of home vacancy after controlling for demographic factors and FICO score, indicating that the unequal loan terms may have driven much of the increase in home vacancy in the St. Louis area since the Great Recession.}, Doi = {10.1177/00346446231164167}, Key = {fds370402} } @article{fds371351, Author = {Becker, C and Devine, P and Dogo, H and Margolin, E}, Title = {Marking Territory: Modeling the Spread of Ethnic Conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1992-1995}, Journal = {Economic Research Initiatives at Duke (ERID) Working Paper}, Number = {266}, Year = {2022}, Month = {May}, Key = {fds371351} } @article{fds371352, Author = {Turaeva, MR and Becker, CM}, Title = {Daughters-In-Law and Domestic Violence: Patrilocal Marriage in Tajikistan}, Journal = {Feminist Economics}, Volume = {28}, Number = {4}, Pages = {60-88}, Year = {2022}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2022.2060518}, Abstract = {Patrilocal marriage–living in the husband’s natal household–affects Central Asian women and their choices in family planning, labor force participation, and human capital investment. While anthropological evidence suggests that elder household members play a key role in the lives of junior women, empirical studies are scarce. This study uses Tajikistan’s 2012 Demographic and Health Survey (TJDHS) to explore the link between domestic violence and the living arrangements of daughters-in-law (DILs). Controlling on observables, propensity score matching (PSM) generates a positive treatment effect: women living with in-laws are far more likely to experience emotional abuse by their husbands. Treatment effects do not emerge between physical violence and in-laws’ presence. Results show that these DILs are about 3.6 times more likely than those living in nuclear households to experience emotional abuse regardless of the presence of the father-in-law, leading to the conclusion that responsibility can be plausibly ascribed to the mother-in-law. HIGHLIGHTS Domestic violence in three-generational households is an understudied issue. Patrilocal marriages whereby women live with parents-in-law are common in Central Asia. Women residing patrilocally may have limited ability to make independent choices. Tajik women living with parents-in-law are more likely to endure emotional abuse. A mother-in-law’s presence is linked to a higher level of emotional abuse in a Tajik household.}, Doi = {10.1080/13545701.2022.2060518}, Key = {fds371352} } @article{fds352778, Author = {An, G and Becker, C and Cheng, E}, Title = {Bubbling Away: Forecasting Real Estate Prices, Rents, and Bubbles in a Transition Economy}, Journal = {Comparative Economic Studies}, Volume = {63}, Number = {2}, Pages = {263-317}, Year = {2021}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41294-020-00138-9}, Abstract = {Real housing prices have both surged and swooned in formerly socialist countries. We use 2000–2017 aggregate housing sales and rental price data from Kazakhstan to explore price movements during boom and stagnation eras, investigating the rent–price ratio’s (RPR) capacity to predict housing returns and rent growth for an emerging post-Soviet economy. RPR predicts returns better during periods of price increases than declines, and its importance in predicting the bubble component diminishes with time. Short-run RPR changes are consistent with rational bubble behavior during the period of secular upswing but different predictive variables matter during price increases and declines.}, Doi = {10.1057/s41294-020-00138-9}, Key = {fds352778} } @article{fds355549, Author = {An, G and Becker, C and Cheng, E}, Title = {Housing price appreciation and economic integration in a transition economy: Evidence from Kazakhstan}, Journal = {Journal of Housing Economics}, Volume = {52}, Year = {2021}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhe.2021.101765}, Abstract = {This paper explores patterns of real estate price movements in an emerging upper-middle income economy, Kazakhstan. The country experienced an explosive, 11-fold increase in real housing prices in urban areas between 2000 and 2007, followed by a sharp decline and stabilization. This paper traces the movements across different regions, types of housing, unit size categories, and neighborhood types. We find that prices moved together closely, implying a linked, if not unified housing market, along with wealth effects that were felt broadly throughout the urban economy.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jhe.2021.101765}, Key = {fds355549} } @article{fds343393, Author = {Becker, C and Rickert, T}, Title = {Zoned out? The determinants of manufactured housing rents: Evidence from North Carolina}, Journal = {Journal of Housing Economics}, Volume = {46}, Year = {2019}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhe.2019.03.003}, Abstract = {This paper explores determinants of manufactured housing park (MHP) plot rents in North Carolina, with particular focus on the distinction among high-growth urban parks and small town/rural parks, and on the possible role played by zoning restrictiveness. Little is known about how MHP rents are determined, even though it is estimated that more than 10 million Americans live in MHPs. We implement a hedonic model and an instrumental variables approach to examine the relationship between MHP rents and local housing markets, land use restrictions, and other factors. We find that, contrary to expectations, zoning is strongly negatively associated with park rents in periurban and rural parks, but appears as a positive driver in high-growth cities. We then extend this model to an out-of-sample prediction for MHPs rents in Texas.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jhe.2019.03.003}, Key = {fds343393} } @article{fds349908, Author = {Steiner, S and Becker, CM}, Title = {How marriages based on bride capture differ: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan}, Journal = {Demographic Research}, Volume = {41}, Pages = {579-592}, Year = {2019}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2019.41.20}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND A significant proportion of women in the Kyrgyz Republic marry via ala kachuu, generally translated as bride capture or kidnapping. Many regard this practice as harmless elopement or a tradition; others perceive it as a form of forced marriage. OBJECTIVE This paper contributes to the understanding of ala kachuu by exploring the extent to which couples in these marriages differ from those in arranged or love marriages. METHODS We use the 2013 wave of the Life in Kyrgyzstan survey to compute profile similarity indices for the personality of couples. We then regress marriage type on the profile similarity index, controlling for sociodemographic variables. RESULTS Couples in marriages resulting from bride capture are far less assortatively matched on personality traits than other couples, especially those who have only recently married. CONCLUSIONS This greater dissimilarity is consistent with ala kachuu being forced marriage rather than merely staged or ritualized elopement. CONTRIBUTION This paper provides a novel source of evidence on the possible nonconsensual nature of bride capture in Kyrgyzstan, adding further weight to those arguing that it is forced.}, Doi = {10.4054/DemRes.2019.41.20}, Key = {fds349908} } @article{fds338034, Author = {Werner, C and Edling, C and Becker, C and Kim, E and Kleinbach, R and Sartbay, FE and Teachout, W}, Title = {Bride kidnapping in post-Soviet Eurasia: a roundtable discussion}, Journal = {Central Asian Survey}, Volume = {37}, Number = {4}, Pages = {582-601}, Publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, Year = {2018}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2018.1511519}, Abstract = {Throughout Eurasia, bride kidnapping continues to be a fairly common way to get married. The practice is becoming increasingly controversial. Some local actors argue the practice is a cultural tradition, while others question its acceptability, particularly when a woman is forced to marry against her will. Many scholars, journalists and non-governmental organization workers view non-consensual variations of bride kidnapping as a form of gender-based violence. In October 2016, an interdisciplinary group of scholars gathered at the annual Central Eurasia Studies Society conference to assess existing scholarship on bride kidnapping in post-Soviet Eurasia. Using an innovative format, this paper offers an edited transcript of that roundtable discussion. The roundtable format provides readers an opportunity to see a diverse range of perspectives and opinions in response to several questions about bride kidnapping. This paper provides a thorough introduction to key issues surrounding bride kidnapping and offers suggestions for areas that need further exploration.}, Doi = {10.1080/02634937.2018.1511519}, Key = {fds338034} } @article{fds338033, Author = {Olofsgård, A and Wachtel, P and Becker, CM}, Title = {The economics of transition literature}, Journal = {Economics of Transition}, Volume = {26}, Number = {4}, Pages = {827-840}, Publisher = {WILEY}, Year = {2018}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12196}, Abstract = {This article is based on a panel discussion on the contribution of the economics of transition literature to the broader understanding of economic and social development. All panel participants have been working in the field for decades and made important contributions to this literature. The transition experience was a social experiment on a scale not seen before, and many lessons were learned that travel beyond the specific region. Important contributions in areas such as political economy, contract theory, and the sequencing and complementarity of reforms were discussed. It was concluded that there is little reason at this point to consider economics of transition and development economics as separate subfields as they share the same intellectual objective, and complement each other in our understanding of the development process.}, Doi = {10.1111/ecot.12196}, Key = {fds338033} } @article{fds322915, Author = {An, G and Becker, CM and Cheng, E}, Title = {Economic Crisis, Income Gaps, Uncertainty, and Inter-regional Migration Responses: Kazakhstan 2000–2014}, Journal = {Journal of Development Studies}, Volume = {53}, Number = {9}, Pages = {1452-1470}, Publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, Year = {2017}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2016.1257118}, Abstract = {There is ample empirical evidence that internal migration occurs in response to wage differentials; recently, evidence has emerged that international migration is deterred by rising destination uncertainty. However, to our knowledge, there has been no analysis of how internal migration responds to differing incentives during good times and bad. This paper provides insight into this issue using detailed regional economic and migration data for Kazakhstan during boom (2000–2007) and crisis (2008–2014) periods. While conventional forces are affirmed, we find that the crisis deters migration and weakens the effect of wage differentials–while also reducing the deterrent effect of relative uncertainty.}, Doi = {10.1080/00220388.2016.1257118}, Key = {fds322915} } @article{fds320567, Author = {Becker, CM and Turaeva, M}, Title = {Queen Bees and Domestic Violence: Patrilocal Marriage in Tajikistan}, Journal = {Economic Research Initiatives at Duke (ERID)}, Number = {232}, Pages = {48 pages}, Year = {2016}, Month = {October}, Abstract = {A longstanding tradition of patrilocal marriage – living with the parents-in-law – affects every generation of Central Asian women and their choices regarding childbearing, employment and education. While anthropological evidence suggests that elder matriarchs (Queen Bees) play a key and often detrimental role in the lives of the junior women in their households, rigorous empirical studies are scarce. We use Tajikistan 2012 DHS data to explore the correlation between domestic violence and young married women’s living arrangements. Through a quasi-experimental study designed, we establish a positive and statistically significant treatment effect. Women who live with the in-law family are at least 24.6% more likely to experience emotional abuse committed by their husbands/partners. A similar effect does not emerge between physical violence, either severe or less severe, and a presence of the Queen Bee in the household.}, Key = {fds320567} } @article{fds320568, Author = {Becker, CM and Turaeva, M}, Title = {Appendix to 'Queen Bees and Domestic Violence: Patrilocal Marriage in Tajikistan'}, Journal = {Economic Research Initiatives at Duke (ERID)}, Number = {233}, Pages = {35 pages}, Year = {2016}, Month = {October}, Abstract = {Appendix to “Queen Bees and Domestic Violence: Patrilocal Marriage in Tajikistan,” available here: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2862096.}, Key = {fds320568} } @article{fds320569, Author = {Ye, V and Becker, CM}, Title = {The (Literally) Steepest Slope: Spatial, Temporal, and Elevation Variance Gradients in Urban Spatial Modelling}, Journal = {Economic Research Initiatives at Duke (ERID)}, Number = {202}, Pages = {54 pages}, Year = {2016}, Month = {October}, Abstract = {This paper presents an analysis of elevation gradient and temporal future-station effects in urban real estate markets. Using an extraordinary dataset from the Hong Kong publicly-constructed housing sector, we find enormous housing price effects caused by levels of terrain incline between apartments and subway stations. Ceteris paribus, two similar apartments with closest metro stations of the same walking distance may sell at a difference of up to 20% because of differences in the apartment-station slope alone. Anticipatory effects are similarly robust: apartment buyers regard a future, closer metro station as being 60% present when making purchases two years prior to its opening.}, Key = {fds320569} } @article{fds322916, Author = {Becker, CM and Rouse, CE and Chen, M}, Title = {Can a summer make a difference? The impact of the American Economic Association Summer Program on minority student outcomes}, Journal = {Economics of Education Review}, Volume = {53}, Pages = {46-71}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {2016}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2016.03.009}, Abstract = {In the 1970s, the American Economic Association (AEA) was one of several professional associations to launch a summer program with the goal of increasing racial and ethnic diversity in its profession. In this paper we estimate the effectiveness of the AEA's program which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first to rigorously study such a summer program. Using a comparison group consisting of those who applied to, but did not attend, the program and controlling for an array of background characteristics, we find that program participants were over 40 percentage points more likely to apply to and attend a Ph.D. program in economics, 26 percentage points more likely to complete a Ph.D., and about 15 percentage points more likely to ever work in an economics-related academic job. Using our estimates, we calculate that the program may directly account for 17–21 percent of the Ph.D.s awarded to minorities in economics over the past 20 years.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.econedurev.2016.03.009}, Key = {fds322916} } @article{fds320570, Author = {Ye, V and Becker, CM}, Title = {The Z-Axis: Elevation Gradient Effects in Urban America}, Journal = {Economic Research Initiatives at Duke (ERID)}, Volume = {70}, Number = {217}, Pages = {87 pages}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {2016}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2017.10.002}, Abstract = {This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of hilliness effects in American urban communities. Using data from seventeen cities, robust relationships are established between elevation patterns and density and income gradients. We find that high-income households display strong preference for high-altitude, high-unevenness locations, leading to spatial income stratification at both the city and tract-level. We further analyze potential causes of this propensity: micro-climate, crime, congestion, view effects, and use of public transit. We conclude that the role of elevation in urban systems should not be neglected. Multi-dimensional spatial methods are crucial to investigations of cities with substantial unevenness. Redistributive social and economic policies must struggle with a fundamental, topographical dimension to inequality.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2017.10.002}, Key = {fds320570} } @article{fds320571, Author = {Becker, CM and Mirkasimov, B and Steiner, S}, Title = {Forced Marriage and Birth Outcomes}, Journal = {Economic Research Initiatives at Duke (ERID)}, Volume = {54}, Number = {204}, Pages = {39 pages}, Year = {2016}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13524-017-0591-1}, Abstract = {We study the impact of bride kidnapping, a peculiar form of marriage practiced in Central Asia, on child birth weight. The search for a suitable mate in a kidnapped marriage is initiated by the groom, and there is typically non-coerced consent only by the male. We expect adverse consequences from such marriages, working through poor spousal matching quality and subsequent psychosocial stress. We analyze survey data from rural Kyrgyzstan. We apply several estimation models, including an IV estimation in which we instrument kidnapping among young women with the district-level prevalence of kidnapping among older women. Our findings indicate that children born to kidnapped mothers are of a substantially lower birth weight than children born to mothers who are not kidnapped. This has important implications for children’s long-term development; it also discredits the ritualized-kidnapping-as-elopement view.}, Doi = {10.1007/s13524-017-0591-1}, Key = {fds320571} } @article{fds336352, Author = {Geissler, K and Stearns, SC and Becker, C and Thirumurthy, H and Holmes, GM}, Title = {The relationship between violence in Northern Mexico and potentially avoidable hospitalizations in the USA-Mexico border region.}, Journal = {Journal of public health (Oxford, England)}, Volume = {38}, Number = {1}, Pages = {14-23}, Year = {2016}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdv012}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Substantial proportions of US residents in the USA-Mexico border region cross into Mexico for health care; increases in violence in northern Mexico may have affected this access. We quantified associations between violence in Mexico and decreases in access to care for border county residents. We also examined associations between border county residence and access.<h4>Methods</h4>We used hospital inpatient data for Arizona, California and Texas (2005-10) to estimate associations between homicide rates and the probability of hospitalization for ambulatory care sensitive (ACS) conditions. Hospitalizations for ACS conditions were compared with homicide rates in Mexican municipalities matched by patient residence.<h4>Results</h4>A 1 SD increase in the homicide rate of the nearest Mexican municipality was associated with a 2.2 percentage point increase in the probability of being hospitalized for an ACS condition for border county patients. Residence in a border county was associated with a 1.3 percentage point decrease in the probability of being hospitalized for an ACS condition.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Increased homicide rates in Mexico were associated with increased hospitalizations for ACS conditions in the USA, although residence in a border county was associated with decreased probability of being hospitalized for an ACS condition. Expanding access in the border region may mitigate these effects by providing alternative sources of care.}, Doi = {10.1093/pubmed/fdv012}, Key = {fds336352} } @article{fds320572, Author = {Nigmatulina, D and Becker, CM}, Title = {Is High-Tech Care in a Middle Income Country Worth It? Evidence from Perinatal Centers in Russia}, Journal = {Economic Research Initiatives at Duke (ERID) Working Paper}, Volume = {24}, Number = {198}, Pages = {585-620}, Publisher = {WILEY}, Year = {2015}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12098}, Abstract = {How much does a dramatic increase in technology improve healthcare quality in an upper-middle income country? Using rich vital statistics data on infant and maternal health outcomes, this study evaluates the effect of introducing technologically advanced perinatal hospitals in 24 regions of Russia on infant mortality during the period 2009-2013. A 7-year aggregate panel dataset reveals that opening a perinatal center corresponds to infant mortality reduction by 3.8% from the baseline rate, neonatal (0-28 day) mortality by 7% and early neonatal (0-6 day) mortality by 7.3%. We find that the perinatal centers help to save 263 additional infant lives annually, ranging from 3 to 25 lives in regions with different birth rates. We further estimate an annual average cost of 52 mln rb (or 2.6 m 2014 PPP USD) per life saved in an average region, which is much higher than the cost of similar interventions in the US.}, Doi = {10.1111/ecot.12098}, Key = {fds320572} } @article{fds320573, Author = {Becker, CM and Yea, A}, Title = {The Value of Manufactured Housing Communities: A Dual-Ownership Model}, Journal = {Economic Research Initiatives at Duke (ERID) Working Paper}, Number = {196}, Year = {2015}, Month = {October}, Abstract = {There are roughly 50,000 manufactured housing communities (MHCs) in the United States, yet there appears to be virtually no academic research on their asset values. Using a detailed, proprietary database provided by Colliers International, we address this gap. We find that, due to the dual nature of rental and ownership in manufactured housing ownership, MHC values are driven by community rental income and thus affected by median month contract housing rents that surround the community. While value remains affected by traditional factors such as occupancy, location quality, and size of land, it emerges that manufactured housing community sales values are highly sensitive to local rental alternatives. We also find evidence that corporate MHC buyers pay less and sellers receive more for parks relative to smaller “mom-n-pop” owners.}, Key = {fds320573} } @article{fds237914, Author = {Geissler, KH and Becker, C and Stearns, SC and Thirumurthy, H and Holmes, GM}, Title = {Exploring the Association of Homicides in Northern Mexico and Healthcare Access for US Residents.}, Journal = {Journal of immigrant and minority health}, Volume = {17}, Number = {4}, Pages = {1214-1224}, Year = {2015}, Month = {August}, ISSN = {1557-1912}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10903-014-0053-4}, Abstract = {Many legal residents in the United States (US)-Mexico border region cross from the US into Mexico for medical treatment and pharmaceuticals. We analyzed whether recent increases in homicides in Mexico are associated with reduced healthcare access for US border residents. We used data on healthcare access, legal entries to the US from Mexico, and Mexican homicide rates (2002-2010). Poisson regression models estimated associations between homicide rates and total legal US entries. Multivariate difference-in-difference linear probability models evaluated associations between Mexican homicide rates and self-reported measures of healthcare access for US residents. Increased homicide rates were associated with decreased legal entries to the US from Mexico. Contrary to expectations, homicides did not have significant associations with healthcare access measures for legal residents in US border counties. Despite a decrease in border crossings, increased violence in Mexico did not appear to negatively affect healthcare access for US border residents.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10903-014-0053-4}, Key = {fds237914} } @article{fds237924, Author = {Becker, CM and Merkuryeva, IS}, Title = {Disability incidence and official health status transitions in Russia.}, Journal = {Economics and human biology}, Volume = {10}, Number = {1}, Pages = {74-88}, Year = {2012}, Month = {January}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22119094}, Abstract = {This paper examines determinants of being disabled in Russia, along with the probability of moving from one disability status to another, using data from 1994 through 2005 from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey. Results from multinomial probit regressions indicate that disability risk rises sharply with age, declines with income and self-reported good health, and is lower for women. Neither smoking nor drinking alcohol increases either the risk of being or becoming disabled. Recovery--health status improvement--improves with household size. Misclassification or measurement error is important: a surprisingly large proportion of "incurably" disabled Russians do in fact recover. This study has been funded in part by National Institute of Aging grant #2P30 AG17248-02 through the Population Aging Center at the University of Colorado at Boulder. We are grateful to Aleksandr Andreev for outstanding research assistance. Jeanine Braithwaite, John Komlos, Cem Mete, Mieke Meurs, Daniel Mont, Frank Sloan, and five anonymous referees contributed valuable comments. We acknowledge our appreciation without implicating them in remaining errors and misinterpretations.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.ehb.2011.06.005}, Key = {fds237924} } @article{fds237923, Author = {Andreev, AA and Becker, CM}, Title = {Age-adjusted disability rates and regional effects in Russia}, Journal = {Demographic Research}, Volume = {23}, Pages = {749-770}, Publisher = {Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research}, Year = {2010}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {1435-9871}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2010.23.27}, Abstract = {We provide three measures of age-standardized disability rates for each Russian region and show that most, though not all, of the regional patterns in disability prevalence disappear with standardization. Disability prevalence remains unusually high for women in St Petersburg and Belgorod but the "remote but healthy" pattern is nearly gone. We conclude that differences in age structure largely account for the differences in disability prevalence across regions of Russia. © 2010 Aleksandr A. Andreev & Charles M. Becker.}, Doi = {10.4054/DemRes.2010.23.27}, Key = {fds237923} } @article{fds237925, Author = {Anthopolos, R and Becker, CM}, Title = {Global Infant Mortality: Correcting for Undercounting}, Journal = {World Development}, Volume = {38}, Number = {4}, Pages = {467-481}, Year = {2010}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0305-750X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.11.013}, Abstract = {The UN Millennium Development Goals highlight the infant mortality rate (IMR) as a measure of progress in improving neonatal health and more broadly as an indicator of basic health care. However, prior research has shown that IMRs (and in particular perinatal mortality) can be underestimated dramatically, depending on a particular country's live birth criterion, vital registration system, and reporting practices. This study assesses infant mortality undercounting for a global dataset using an approach popularized in productivity economics. Using a one-sided error, frontier estimation technique, we recalculate rates and concurrently derive a measure of likely undercount for each country. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.11.013}, Key = {fds237925} } @article{fds237915, Author = {Becker, CM}, Title = {Urbanization and rural-urban migration}, Pages = {516-531}, Booktitle = {INTERNATIONAL HANDBOOK OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS}, Publisher = {Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar}, Editor = {Amitava Krishna Dutt and Jaime Ros}, Year = {2008}, Month = {December}, Key = {fds237915} } @article{fds305695, Author = {Becker, CM and Craigie, TA}, Title = {W. Arthur lewis in retrospect}, Journal = {Review of Black Political Economy}, Volume = {34}, Number = {3-4}, Pages = {187-216}, Publisher = {SAGE Publications}, Year = {2007}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0034-6446}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12114-008-9010-6}, Abstract = {This paper reviews several themes from the writings of W. Arthur Lewis, both the first black Nobel Laureate in Economics and the first from a developing country, and examines them from the perspective of two to five decades of hindsight. The paper emphasizes three main interrelated aspects; economic growth, economic dualism, and "the evolution of the economic order"-the forces that drive the prices of goods and relative incomes across countries. Lewis's messages still resonate today, as he foresaw the rise of industrial exports from developing countries-and also that it would not end the large gaps among nations' standards of living. The paper both documents these rises and asks whether one could have predicted it from information available in the 1960s, or whether additional prescience was necessary. © 2008 Springer Science + Business Media, LLC.}, Doi = {10.1007/s12114-008-9010-6}, Key = {fds305695} } @article{fds237930, Author = {Becker, CM and Urzhumova, DS}, Title = {Mortality recovery and stabilization in Kazakhstan, 1995-2001.}, Journal = {Economics and human biology}, Volume = {3}, Number = {1}, Pages = {97-122}, Year = {2005}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {1570-677X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15722264}, Abstract = {This paper documents both the extraordinary rise in mortality that accompanied economic deterioration in the former Soviet Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as the far more tentative recovery. Kazakhstan's multi-ethnic population also makes it possible to identify a large mortality disadvantage for those--especially working-age males--who are not of Kazakh ethnicity. There are also stark regional differences--mortality decline is underway in many areas with substantial economic recovery, while elsewhere there has been no discernable improvement.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.ehb.2004.12.003}, Key = {fds237930} } @article{fds237947, Author = {Becker, CM and Musabek, E and Seitenova, A-G and Urzhumova, D}, Title = {The migration response to economic shock: lessons}, Journal = {Journal of Comparative Economics}, Volume = {33}, Number = {1}, Pages = {107-132}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {2005}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2004.12.003}, Abstract = {This paper examines the determinants of migration between Kazakhstan and Russia for different age groups and by urban/rural residence, using monthly data for the period 1995 to 1999. Using reconciled migration data and a comparable macroeconomic data set for the two countries, these monthly data make it possible to assess different groups' responses to differential economic events. We find a virtually immediate response to the 1998 Russian financial crisis and to relative exchange rate movements. However, longer lags apply to the response to construction activity and to wage differentials. Movements in real pensions do not induce important responses. © 2005 Association for Comparative Economic Studies. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jce.2004.12.003}, Key = {fds237947} } @article{fds237949, Author = {Becker, C and Paltsev, SV}, Title = {Economic consequences of demographic change in the former USSR: Social transfers in the Kyrgyz Republic}, Journal = {World Development}, Volume = {32}, Number = {11}, Pages = {1849-1870}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {2004}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0305-750X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.06.009}, Abstract = {Dramatic demographic changes accompanied the decay and collapse of the Soviet Union. This paper considers their long-run economic effects, particularly with respect to impacts on government budgetary positions due to social transfers. Using a detailed actuarial forecasting model for the Central Asian country of Kyrgyzstan, the paper demonstrates that the effect of the transition will be felt far into the 21st century, as government budget pressures to meet social expenditure needs result in lower savings rates and higher public debt. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.06.009}, Key = {fds237949} } @article{fds237948, Author = {Seitenova, AGS and Becker, CM}, Title = {Kazakhstan's pension system: Pressures for change and dramatic reforms}, Journal = {Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics}, Volume = {45}, Number = {2}, Pages = {151-187}, Year = {2004}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0018-280X}, Abstract = {Five years ago, Kazakhstan embarked on a dramatic reform of its pension and social security system in order to move from an unsustainable public denned benefit ("solidarity") system to one of defined mandatory contributions (accumulative system). While assessment of long-run success is premature, early results have exceeded expectations. This paper considers the reform's rationale and initial impact: Why did the Government of Kazakhstan decide to introduce a new pension system? What advantages did the state perceive? Was the Government's decision appropriate, and what alternatives existed? The paper also analyzes pension reform issues that have yet to be fully resolved. © Hitotsubashi University.}, Key = {fds237948} } @article{fds237950, Author = {Becker, CM and Musabek, EN and Seitenova, AGS and Urzhumova, DS}, Title = {Short-term migration responses of women and men during economic turmoil: Lessons from Kazakhstan}, Journal = {Eurasian Geography and Economics}, Volume = {44}, Number = {3}, Pages = {228-243}, Publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, Year = {2003}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2747/1538-7216.44.3.228}, Abstract = {A team of population specialists from the United States and Kazakhstan uses heretofore unpublished data of the Kazakhstan Statistical Agency to assess gender and age differences in the propensity to migrate from Kazakhstan for the period 1991-2001. The interstate character of the population movements analyzed means that Slavic, German, and other non-Kazakh ethnic groups are disproportionately represented among the emigrant population, but the key focus is on identifying the differing migration responses of men and women during economic crisis, in this case the precipitous decline in economic activity following the dissolution of the USSR. © 2003 by V.H. Winston and Son, Inc. All rights reserved.}, Doi = {10.2747/1538-7216.44.3.228}, Key = {fds237950} } @article{fds147109, Author = {C.M. Becker and E.N. Musabek and A.S. Seitenova and D.S. Urzhumova}, Title = {Short-run migration responses of men and women during a period of economic turmoil: lessons from Kazakhstan}, Journal = {Eurasian Geography and Economics}, Volume = {44}, Number = {3}, Pages = {228-43}, Year = {2003}, Abstract = {There is an extensive literature on gender differences in the causes and patterns of migration (Becker and Morrison, 1999). While men and women have many common reasons for moving from one region or country to another, there are prominent differences as well. However, almost nothing is known as to whether men or women react more rapidly to changing opportunities, and to gender differences in response to economic and social crisis. This paper attempts to provide insights into both issues using monthly data from the Republic of Kazakhstan.}, Key = {fds147109} } @article{fds237952, Author = {Becker, CM}, Title = {Fertility Decline in sub-Saharan Africa}, Journal = {Journal of African Policy Studies}, Volume = {7}, Number = {2-3}, Pages = {1-16}, Year = {2002}, Month = {May}, Abstract = {Historically, fertility in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has been quite high, and in the past half century has declined far more slowly than in most other parts of the world (Locoh, 2002). Indeed, during the past three decades the world as a whole has witnessed a remarkable decline in the number of live births a woman who survives her fecund lifespan can expect to produce given prevailing age- specific birth rates. This total fertility rate (TFR) has declined from 4.8 in 1970 to only 2.8 in 1997 for the world as a whole (World Bank [1995] and [2000]; UN [2001]), an unprecedented decline. For sub-Saharan Africa during this period, the subcontinent-wide TFR declined from 6.6 to 5.3, with the entire decline occurring after 1980. This special issue is devoted to the topic of Africa’s nascent fertility decline. Is further decline likely? Is the decline widespread or concentrated in a few regions? Since the continent has suffered economic stagnation for the past quarter-century, and since in most of the world, fertility decline is associated with economic progress, what alternative explanations can be given for the fertility decline that has occurred? Of the proximate causes, which are most important, and are there underlying forces that can be associated with these declines?}, Key = {fds237952} } @article{fds237954, Author = {Becker, CM and Seitenova, AS and Piedra, J}, Title = {Demand for bank loans and credit bureau services in the Republic of}, Journal = {,” Central Asian Journal of Management, Economics and Social Research}, Volume = {3}, Number = {1}, Pages = {1-19}, Year = {2002}, Abstract = {In order to judge the potential viability of a Credit Bureau in the Republic of Kazakhstan, this study estimates the number of credit applications during 2000-2001, and projects changes through 2004. We assume that credit applications provide a good indicator of demand for Credit Bureau services, since the banking sector currently extends more than 90% of all credit within the ROK . Beyond bank operations, Kazakhstan is fundamentally a cash economy, so that there is little reason to assess levels of non-bank demand for credit reporting. The National Bank of Kazakhstan (NBK), which supervises and regulates the banking sector, provided the primary source of information for this study. Its Credit Registry archives all data related to banking loans by borrower type and main characteristics, including size, interest rate, and duration. We believe the information contained therein is complete and fundamentally unbiased. Unfortunately, the Credit Registry’s database does not track loans below one million tenge (about USD 6,500) for individuals and three million tenge for businesses. We correct for this information base gap in the analysis that follows below. We estimate that in 2004 the number of applications will be between 314,000 and 690,000. These numbers reflect a base year (2000) number of loan applications of between 171,000 to 225,000. Barring any unexpected volatility arising from exogenous factors, the number of applications is expected to increase on average between 16.4% and 32.4% over the period 2001-2004. These estimates do not take into account expected growth of retail business across all economic sectors and the anticipated high level of conversion of debit cards into credit cards. Besides banks, the largest users of credit bureau services around the world are entities that extend credit to customers at the consumer level; growth at present in Kazakhstan is very high, but from a very small base. The remainder of this section discusses both principal empirical findings and briefly discusses the social importance of Credit Bureaus in a broad economic context. Section 2 then discusses patterns of bank loans; Section 3 estimates the number of borrowers in Kazakhstan, Section 4 provides further detail on the nature of banking sector loans, and Section 5 offers aggregate forecasts.}, Key = {fds237954} } @article{fds237953, Author = {Becker, CM and Paltsev, SV}, Title = {Macro-Experimental Economics in the Kyrgyz Republic: Social Security Sustainability and}, Journal = {Comparative Economic Studies}, Volume = {43}, Number = {4}, Pages = {1-34}, Year = {2001}, Month = {Fall}, Abstract = {Despite a decade of transition, pension systems in formerly socialist countries still desperately need viable reform. This paper assesses reform packages advocated by different international agencies, and considers their sensitivity to varying economic and demographic assumptions. Failure to account for demographic-economic interactions strongly biases forecasts. Few viable reform options exist, due to the near absence of capital markets, the collapse of formal sector employment, and huge differences between urban and rural sectors. The divergent results from projections made under different assumptions imply that policymakers should examine the realism of policy suggestions (and associated actuarial forecasts) very carefully.}, Key = {fds237953} } @article{fds237928, Author = {Quddus, M and Becker, CM}, Title = {Speculative Price Bubbles in the Rice Market and the 1974 Bangladesh Famine}, Journal = {Journal of Economic Development}, Volume = {25}, Number = {2}, Pages = {155-175}, Year = {2000}, Month = {December}, url = {http://www.jed.or.kr/full-text/25-2/quddus.PDF}, Abstract = {This paper investigates the role played by speculative price bubbles in destabilizing food markets in Bangladesh during the 1974 famine. The hypothesis of speculative price bubbles in the rice market is tested using weekly price data. These tests are based on a theoretical model of storable food markets in which agents exhibit rational expectations. It is shown that such markets are susceptible to destabilizing trends by self-fulfilling expectations. While "explosive price bubbles" have received extensive attention in macroeconomics, they have not been used in development economics to explain famines. Amartya Sen has hypothesized that speculative forces are a possible source of instability in the food market. Our empirical tests based on techniques from the recent literature on price bubbles lend some credence to the hypothesis that excessive speculation may have produced price bubbles in the rice market which directly contributed to the Bangladesh famine in 1974.}, Key = {fds237928} } @article{fds237951, Author = {Anderson, KH and Becker, CM}, Title = {Post-Soviet pension systems, retirement, and elderly poverty: Findings from the Kyrgyz Republic}, Journal = {Most}, Volume = {9}, Number = {4}, Pages = {459-478}, Year = {1999}, Month = {Fall}, ISSN = {1120-7388}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009556526212}, Abstract = {Using data from household surveys of the Kyrgyz Republic, we explore determinants of pension receipt and wage employment as well as poverty and extreme poverty status. Data are taken from surveys in late 1993 (a period of extreme economic dislocation) and late 1996 (a time of nascent recovery). While the surveys are not perfectly comparable, their contrast also enables us to make some tentative conclusions about recovery in the post-Soviet era. The first section briefly discusses patterns of the Kyrgyz economy and the public pension system. We then turn to a description of the data in Section 2, and provide an overview of pensioner characteristics. Section 3 presents multivariate models of pension receipt and wage employment. The determinants of poverty status in 1993 and 1996 are contrasted in Section 4, while Section 5 offers concluding remarks about the implications of our research for pension policy.}, Doi = {10.1023/A:1009556526212}, Key = {fds237951} } @article{fds237931, Author = {Becker, CM and Hemley, DD}, Title = {Demographic change in the former Soviet Union during the transition period}, Journal = {World Development}, Volume = {26}, Number = {11}, Pages = {1957-1975}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {1998}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(98)00113-2}, Abstract = {This paper examines patterns of mortality and other demographic changes across the former Soviet Union. Using regional data from the early 1990s, a simultaneous equations model of fertility, marriage, divorce, infant mortality and abortion is estimated as a function of economic and social variables. The paper then looks at determinants of life expectancy and specific causes of death. Demographic scenarios are then forecast on the basis of specific economic environments; these forecasts in turn are used to forecast life expectancies in the coming decades. In plausible environments, there is little reason to anticipate a rapid recovery in male or female life expectancies, while further declines in fertility appear imminent.}, Doi = {10.1016/S0305-750X(98)00113-2}, Key = {fds237931} } @article{fds237944, Author = {Becker, CM and Bibosunova, DI and Holmes, GE and Ibragimova, MM}, Title = {Maternal care vs. economic wealth and the health of newborns: Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic and Kansas City, USA}, Journal = {World Development}, Volume = {26}, Number = {11}, Pages = {2057-2072}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {1998}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(98)00093-X}, Abstract = {This paper focuses on a narrow aspect of the demographic and health crisis in the former Soviet Union, examining the extent to which maternal behavior can compensate for poverty and poor medical conditions. Using sister hospital data form Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan and Kansas City, USA covering nearly 1,500 live births, the paper finds that Kyrgyzstani women are partially successful in compensating by taking better care of themselves and their newborn children. Moreover, ethnicity within Kyrgyzstan has no apparent impact on maternal behavior. Careful behavior, however, does not remove al disadvantages, and targeted interventions are still greatly needed.}, Doi = {10.1016/S0305-750X(98)00093-X}, Key = {fds237944} } @article{fds237945, Author = {Becker, CM and Urzhumova, DS}, Title = {Pension burdens and labor force participation in Kazakstan}, Journal = {World Development}, Volume = {26}, Number = {11}, Pages = {2087-2103}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {1998}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(98)00107-7}, Abstract = {This paper examines the pressures imposed by the vast pension system in the former Soviet republic of Kazakstan. Today, some 17% of the country receives pension payments, one of the highest rates in the world - despite the fact that Kazakstan is only now completing its demographic transition. Using a pooled regional-time series data set from pre- and post-Soviet eras, the paper also examines determinants of pension populations and the labor force participation rate. It finds that Kazakstanis in the post-Soviet era respond to price incentives both with respect to real pensions and real wage rates - in stark contrast to dramatically backward-bending labor supply curves of the Soviet era.}, Doi = {10.1016/S0305-750X(98)00107-7}, Key = {fds237945} } @article{fds237946, Author = {Becker, C and Bloom, D}, Title = {The Demographic crisis in the Former Soviet Union: Introduction}, Journal = {World Development}, Volume = {26}, Number = {11}, Pages = {1913-1919}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {1998}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(98)00097-7}, Doi = {10.1016/S0305-750X(98)00097-7}, Key = {fds237946} } @article{fds237942, Author = {Becker, CM and Grewe, C}, Title = {Rural-Urban Migration in Africa: Do Age-Gender Cohorts Matter?}, Journal = {Journal of African Economies}, Volume = {5}, Number = {2}, Pages = {228-270}, Year = {1996}, Month = {June}, Abstract = {Rural-urban migration has been modeled by both demographers and economists since the 1960s. Little regard has been given by either discipline for the other's models. In particular, economists have disregarded the possibility that net migration rates can be strongly affected by shifts in the demographic composition of the population under consideration. Aggregate studies implicitly assume that the demographic structure is constant. The purpose of this paper is to address this void in the African context. We examine three hypotheses: 1) that variables explaining the net urban in-migration rates vary with the age of the migrants; 2) that changes in the availability of services in urban areas is a factor in migration; and 3) that cohort structures (age pyramids) are also part of the explanation.}, Key = {fds237942} } @article{fds305693, Author = {Becker, CM and Grewe, CD}, Title = {Cohort-specific rural-urban migration in Africa.}, Journal = {Journal of African economies}, Volume = {5}, Number = {2}, Pages = {228-270}, Year = {1996}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jae.a020904}, Abstract = {"Rural-urban migration has been modeled by both demographers and economists since the 1960s. Little regard has been given by either discipline for the other's models.... The purpose of this paper is to address this void in the African context. We examine three hypotheses: (1) that variables explaining the net urban in-migration rates vary with the age of the migrants; (2) that changes in the availability of services in urban areas [are] a factor in migration; and (3) that cohort structures (age pyramids) are also part of the explanation."}, Doi = {10.1093/oxfordjournals.jae.a020904}, Key = {fds305693} } @article{fds237943, Author = {Becker, CM and Hemley, D}, Title = {Interregional Inequality in Russia during the Transition Period}, Journal = {Comparative Economic Studies}, Volume = {38}, Number = {1}, Pages = {55-81}, Year = {1996}, Month = {May}, Key = {fds237943} } @article{fds237941, Author = {Becker, CM and Morrison, AR}, Title = {Observational equivalence in the modeling of African labor markets and urbanization}, Journal = {World Development}, Volume = {21}, Number = {4}, Pages = {535-554}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {1993}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0305-750X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(93)90108-L}, Abstract = {This article examines the appropriateness of neoclassical and rent-seeking models of urbanization for the African milieu and demonstrates that the reduced forms of these two models may be quite similar. The models are not observationally equivalent, however, and methods of distinguishing between them are discussed. A demographic cohort shift model of African urbanization also is presented. Its excellent predictive power suggests that migration models that assume migrant homogeneity (i.e., highly aggregate migration models) ignore information that can be useful in predicting trends in migration flows. © 1993.}, Doi = {10.1016/0305-750X(93)90108-L}, Key = {fds237941} } @article{fds237940, Author = {Becker, CM}, Title = {The demo-economic impact of the AIDS pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa}, Journal = {World Development}, Volume = {18}, Number = {12}, Pages = {1599-1619}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {1990}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0305-750X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(90)90058-6}, Abstract = {This paper examines the available data on the incidence and spread of AIDS and the associated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Africa. Assessments of the impact of the spread of AIDS on African population growth and economic performance are then offered. The interactions with present economic and public health policy receive particular attention. The paper stresses continued emphasis on rural development and greater efforts to control other sexually transmitted diseases along with increased promotion of condoms as means of slowing the spread of AIDS. © 1990.}, Doi = {10.1016/0305-750X(90)90058-6}, Key = {fds237940} } @article{fds237939, Author = {Becker, CM}, Title = {The Impact of Sanctions on South Africa and Its Periphery}, Journal = {African Studies Review}, Volume = {31}, Number = {2}, Pages = {. 61-. 88}, Publisher = {JSTOR}, Year = {1988}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/524419}, Doi = {10.2307/524419}, Key = {fds237939} } @article{fds237938, Author = {Becker, CM and Morrison, A}, Title = {The Determinants of Urban Population Growth in sub-Saharan Africa}, Journal = {Economic Development and Cultural Change}, Volume = {36}, Number = {2}, Pages = {259-278}, Year = {1988}, Month = {January}, Key = {fds237938} } @article{fds237937, Author = {Becker, CM and Bartik, T and Bush, J and Lake, S}, Title = {Saturn and State Economic Development}, Journal = {Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy}, Volume = {2}, Number = {1}, Pages = {. 29 40}, Year = {1987}, Month = {Spring}, Key = {fds237937} } @article{fds237934, Author = {Becker, CM and Mills, ES and Williamson, JG}, Title = {Modelling Indian migration and city growth, 1960-2000.}, Journal = {Economic Development & Cultural Change}, Volume = {35}, Number = {1}, Pages = {1-33}, Year = {1987}, Month = {January}, Abstract = {This paper uses a multisectoral model of the Indian economy to isolate the sources of Indian economic growth and urbanization since 1960. it stresses spatial issues so that it can provide predictions on rural/urban labor demands, which, when combined with unequal labor supplies, generate migration flows.-Authors}, Key = {fds237934} } @article{fds237935, Author = {Becker, CM}, Title = {Economic Sanctions Against South Africa}, Journal = {World Politics}, Volume = {39}, Number = {2}, Pages = {147-173}, Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, Year = {1987}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2010438}, Doi = {10.2307/2010438}, Key = {fds237935} } @article{fds237936, Author = {Becker, CM}, Title = {Urban sector income distribution and economic development}, Journal = {Journal of Urban Economics}, Volume = {21}, Number = {2}, Pages = {127-145}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {1987}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0094-1190}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0094-1190(87)90010-6}, Abstract = {This paper examines the relationship between measures of urban sector inequality and economic development for a sample of 25 developing and newly industrialized countries. A U-shaped relationship is found in which bottom urban quintiles' income shares initially decline and then rise as per capita income increases. This relationship is strengthened when an estimate of urban per capita income replaces national per capita income as the development measure. The curves suggest that per capita incomes of the bottom quintiles will never decline as development proceeds, but may rise only very slowly. © 1987.}, Doi = {10.1016/0094-1190(87)90010-6}, Key = {fds237936} } @article{fds237933, Author = {Becker, CM and Mills, ES and Williamson, JG}, Title = {Dynamics of rural-urban migration in India: 1960-1981.}, Journal = {Indian journal of quantitative economics}, Volume = {2}, Number = {1}, Pages = {1-43}, Year = {1986}, Month = {January}, Abstract = {"This paper analyzes a multi-sectoral simulation model of the Indian economy designed to isolate the sources of Indian economic growth and urbanization since 1960. The model shares many common traits with other computable general equilibrium (CGE) simulation models, and its underlying framework is neoclassical. The model stresses spatial issues so that it can provide predictions on rural/urban labor demands, and hence on migration flows. The central issue we seek to evaluate is whether a neoclassical development paradigm can explain adequately the somewhat paradoxical patterns of urbanization and economic growth observed in India since 1960. Our conclusion is a qualified, affirmative response, based on the model's ability to replicate key macroeconomic variables."}, Key = {fds237933} } @article{fds237917, Author = {Becker, CM and Ray, KC}, Title = {Water resources in the soviet union: Trends and prospects}, Journal = {Studies in Environmental Science}, Volume = {25}, Number = {C}, Pages = {347-379}, Publisher = {Elsevier}, Year = {1984}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0166-1116}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-1116(08)72120-4}, Abstract = {Soviet growth has placed heavy demands on its water resources. As in capitalist countries, rapid economic development has been accompanied by declines in the quality of the USSR's natural resources. Plans to continue high rates of investment ensure that the problems will worsen unless major efforts are made to meet the challenge. In view of the USSR's relatively limited water endowment, dramatic plans have been made, including serious consideration of immense water diversion schemes. This paper surveys and evaluates trends in Soviet water use. It then examines the impact of the Soviet economic structure on the severity of water resource problems. Simple models of firm behavior indicate that environmental destruction by a Soviet firm may be greater than that by its capitalist counterpart. These microeconomic problems carry over to an aggregate level in view of the national emphasis on construction and industry. Given the critical need for fresh water, the Soviet response has been to plan massive water treatment and diversion projects.}, Doi = {10.1016/S0166-1116(08)72120-4}, Key = {fds237917} } @article{fds237918, Author = {Becker, CM and Mills, ES and Williamson, JG}, Title = {IMPACT OF UNBALANCED PRODUCTIVITY ADVANCE ON INDIAN URBANIZATION: SOME PRELIMINARY FINDINGS.}, Journal = {Modeling and Simulation, Proceedings of the Annual Pittsburgh Conference}, Pages = {187-194}, Year = {1984}, Month = {December}, ISBN = {0876648308}, Abstract = {This paper investigates the impact of changes in sectoral productivity on output and employment patterns in a simulation model of the Indian economy. Productivity gains in major urban sectors are found to have fairly strong urban growth effects both in the short and long run. Rural productivity advances initially stem urban growth, but have little long run effect.}, Key = {fds237918} } @article{fds237932, Author = {Becker, CM and Fullerton, D}, Title = {Income Tax Incentives to Promote Savings}, Journal = {National Tax Journal}, Volume = {33}, Number = {3}, Pages = {331-351}, Year = {1980}, Month = {September}, Key = {fds237932} } %% Chapters in Books @misc{fds322917, Author = {Becker, C and Mendelsohn, SJ and Benderskaya, K}, Title = {Russia’s planned urbanisation and misplaced urban development}, Pages = {99-142}, Booktitle = {Urban Growth in Emerging Economies: Lessons from the BRICS}, Publisher = {Routledge}, Year = {2014}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9780415718752}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315867878}, Doi = {10.4324/9781315867878}, Key = {fds322917} } @misc{fds339570, Author = {Becker, C and Price, G}, Title = {Curriculum intensity in graduate preparatory programs: The impact on performance and progression to graduate study among minority students in economics}, Pages = {146-159}, Booktitle = {Doctoral Education and the Faculty of the Future}, Year = {2008}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9780801445439}, Key = {fds339570} } @misc{fds147113, Author = {Charles M. Becker and Gregory N. Price}, Title = {Curriculum Intensity in Graduate Preparatory Programs: Impact on Performance and Progression to Graduate Study among Minority Students in Economics}, Booktitle = {DOCTORAL EDUCATION AND THE FACULTY OF THE FUTURE}, Publisher = {Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press}, Editor = {Ronald G. Ehrenberg and Charlotte V. Kuh}, Year = {2008}, ISBN = {978-0-8014-4543-9}, Key = {fds147113} } @misc{fds147117, Author = {Charles M. Becker and Ai-Gul Seitenova and Dina S. Urzhumova}, Title = {Pension Reform in Central Asia: an Overview}, Booktitle = {ECONOMICS OF INTERGENERATIONAL EQUITY IN TRANSITION ECONOMIES}, Publisher = {Tokyo: Maruzen Publishers}, Editor = {Masaaki Kuboniwa and Yoshiaki Nishimura}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds147117} } @misc{fds147118, Author = {Charles M. Becker and Ai-Gul S. Seitenova}, Title = {Fertility and Marriage in Kazakhstan's Transition Period: Implications for Social Security Policy}, Booktitle = {ECONOMICS OF INTERGENERATIONAL EQUITY IN TRANSITION ECONOMIES}, Publisher = {Tokyo: Maruzen Publishers}, Editor = {Masaaki Kuboniwa and Yoshiaki Nishimura}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds147118} } @misc{fds237920, Author = {Becker, CM and Morrison, AR}, Title = {Chapter 43 Urbanization in transforming economies}, Volume = {3}, Pages = {1673-1790}, Booktitle = {Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics}, Publisher = {Elsevier}, Year = {1999}, Month = {December}, ISBN = {9780444821386}, ISSN = {1574-0080}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0080(99)80012-1}, Abstract = {The past half-century has witnessed a dramatic change in the way in which people live. Fifty years ago, only a small proportion of the less developed world lived in cities, and world poverty was overwhelmingly rural. In 1950, less than one-fifth of the population of the "third world" was urban; in the next five years or so, a majority of developing countries' populations will be urban. This dramatic social change has captured the attention of development economists and, to a lesser degree, urban economists. This chapter examines what has been learned in a variety of areas. Section 1 discusses the stylized patterns of urbanization in the developing world, while Section 2 turns to models of third world city growth and their empirical estimates, discussing partial equilibrium models, general equilibrium models, economy-wide computable general equilibrium (CGE) models, demographic-economic perspectives, and household migration modeling. Section 3 considers the impact of government policies on urbanization. Particular attention is devoted to structural adjustment policies, urban biases in public expenditures, and issues unique to (ex)-socialist economies. Section 4 examines structural impediments to urban development, including labor and land markets, transportation issues, public finance and social infrastructure concerns, and urban spatial structure. The final section looks at the macroeconomic impacts of urbanization-on wage gaps and income distribution, demand patterns and economic efficiency.11This survey should be regarded as a complement to Lucas' (1997) survey of internal migration in developing countries for the Handbook of Population and Family Economics. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V.}, Doi = {10.1016/S1574-0080(99)80012-1}, Key = {fds237920} } @misc{fds147111, Author = {C.M. Becker and A.R. Morrison}, Title = {Urbanization in Transforming Economies}, Series = {North-Holland Handbooks in Economics}, Booktitle = {HANDBOOK OF REGIONAL URBAN ECONOMICS}, Publisher = {Elsevier North-Holland}, Editor = {P. Cheshire and E.S. Mills}, Year = {1999}, Abstract = {The past half-century has witnessed a dramatic change in the way in which people live. Fifty years ago, only a small proportion of the less developed world lived in cities, and world poverty was overwhelmingly rural. In 1950, less than one-fifth of the population of the "third world" was urban; in the next five years or so, a majority of developing countries' populations will be urban. This dramatic social change has captured the attention of development economists and, to a lesser degree, urban economists. The following pages examine what has been learned in a variety of areas. Section I discusses the stylized patterns of urbanization in the developing world, while Section II turns to models of third world city growth and their empirical estimates, discussing partial equilibrium models, general equilibrium models, economy- wide computable general equilibrium (CGE) models, demographic-economic perspectives, and household migration modeling. Section III considers the impact of government policies on urbanization. Particular attention is devoted to structural adjustment policies, urban biases in public expenditures, and issues unique to (ex)-socialist economies. Section IV examines structural impediments to urban development, including labor and land markets, transportation issues, public finance and social infrastructure concerns, and urban spatial structure. The final section looks at the macroeconomic impacts of urbanization -- on wage gaps and income distribution, on demand patterns, and on economic efficiency.}, Key = {fds147111} } %% Working Papers @article{fds147112, Author = {Charles M. Becker and Irina S. Merkuryeva}, Title = {Disability Risk and Miraculous Recoveries in Russia}, Year = {2008}, Key = {fds147112} } @article{fds147115, Author = {Charles M. Becker and Ai-Gul S. Seitenova}, Title = {Disability in Kazakhstan: making sense of recent trends}, Series = {World Bank Social Protection Discussion Paper 0802}, Year = {2008}, Key = {fds147115} }