Publications [#382079] of Melody Xiao

Journal Articles

1. Yang, Y; Knoll, MD; Herbert, C; Bennett, JC; Feikin, DR; Garcia Quesada, M; Hetrich, MK; Zeger, SL; Kagucia, EW; Xiao, M; Cohen, AL; van der Linden, M; du Plessis, M; Yildirim, I; Winje, BA; Varon, E; Valenzuela, MT; Valentiner-Branth, P; Steens, A; Scott, JA; Savrasova, L; Sanz, JC; Khan, AS; Oishi, K; Nzoyikorera, N; Nuorti, JP; Mereckiene, J; McMahon, K; McGeer, A; Mackenzie, GA; MacDonald, L; Ladhani, SN; Kristinsson, KG; Kleynhans, J; Kellner, JD; Jayasinghe, S; Ho, P-L; Hilty, M; Hammitt, LL; Guevara, M; Gilkison, C; Gierke, R; Desmet, S; De Wals, P; Dagan, R; Colzani, E; Ciruela, P; Chuluunbat, U; Chan, G; Camilli, R; Bruce, MG; Brandileone, M-CC; Ampofo, K; O'Brien, KL; Hayford, K; PSERENADE Team, Global impact of 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on pneumococcal meningitis in all ages: The PSERENADE project., The Journal of infection, vol. 90 no. 3 (March, 2025), pp. 106426, Elsevier BV [doi]
   (last updated on 2025/06/14)

   Abstract:
   

   Background

   Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) introduced in childhood national immunization programs lowered vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), but replacement with non-vaccine-types persisted throughout the PCV10/13 follow-up period. We assessed PCV10/13 impact on pneumococcal meningitis incidence globally.

   Methods

   The number of cases with serotyped pneumococci detected in cerebrospinal fluid and population denominators were obtained from surveillance sites globally. Site-specific meningitis incidence rate ratios (IRRs) comparing pre-PCV incidence to each year post-PCV10/13 were estimated by age (<5, 5-17 and ≥18 years) using Bayesian multi-level mixed effects Poisson regression, accounting for pre-PCV trends. All-site weighted average IRRs were estimated using linear mixed-effects regression stratified by age, product (PCV10 or PCV13) and prior PCV7 impact (none, moderate, or substantial). Changes in pneumococcal meningitis incidence were estimated overall and for product-specific vaccine-types and non-PCV13-types.

   Results

   Analyses included 10,168 cases <5 y from PCV13 sites and 2849 from PCV10 sites, 3711 and 1549 for 5-17 y and 29,187 and 5653 for ≥18 y from 42 surveillance sites (30 PCV13, 12 PCV10, 2 PCV10/13) in 30 countries, primarily high-income (84%). Six years after PCV10/PCV13 introduction, pneumococcal meningitis declined 48-74% across products and PCV7 impact strata for children <5 y, 35-62% for 5-17 y and 0-36% for ≥18 y. Impact against PCV10-types at PCV10 sites, and PCV13-types at PCV13 sites was high for all age groups (<5 y: 96-100%; 5-17 y: 77-85%; ≥18 y: 73-85%). After switching from PCV7 to PCV10/13, increases in non-PCV13-types were generally low to none for all age groups.

   Conclusion

   Pneumococcal meningitis declined in all age groups following PCV10/PCV13 introduction. Plateaus in non-PCV13-type meningitis suggest less replacement than for all IPD. Data from meningitis belt and high-burden settings were limited.