Publications [#320570] of Charles M. Becker

Journal Articles

1. Ye, V; Becker, CM, The Z-Axis: Elevation Gradient Effects in Urban America, Economic Research Initiatives at Duke (ERID), vol. 70 no. 217 (June, 2016), pp. 87 pages, Elsevier BV [doi]
   (last updated on 2026/01/14)

   Abstract:
   This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of hilliness effects in American urban communities. Using data from seventeen cities, robust relationships are established between elevation patterns and density and income gradients. We find that high-income households display strong preference for high-altitude, high-unevenness locations, leading to spatial income stratification at both the city and tract-level. We further analyze potential causes of this propensity: micro-climate, crime, congestion, view effects, and use of public transit. We conclude that the role of elevation in urban systems should not be neglected. Multi-dimensional spatial methods are crucial to investigations of cities with substantial unevenness. Redistributive social and economic policies must struggle with a fundamental, topographical dimension to inequality.