Publications [#238220] of Henry G. Grabowski

Journal Articles

1. with DiMasi, JA; Hansen, RW; Grabowski, HG, The price of innovation: new estimates of drug development costs., Journal of health economics, vol. 22 no. 2 (March, 2003), pp. 151-185, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV [repository], [doi]
   (last updated on 2026/01/18)

   Abstract:
   The research and development costs of 68 randomly selected new drugs were obtained from a survey of 10 pharmaceutical firms. These data were used to estimate the average pre-tax cost of new drug development. The costs of compounds abandoned during testing were linked to the costs of compounds that obtained marketing approval. The estimated average out-of-pocket cost per new drug is 403 million US dollars (2000 dollars). Capitalizing out-of-pocket costs to the point of marketing approval at a real discount rate of 11% yields a total pre-approval cost estimate of 802 million US dollars (2000 dollars). When compared to the results of an earlier study with a similar methodology, total capitalized costs were shown to have increased at an annual rate of 7.4% above general price inflation.