Publications [#234347] of Warren S. Warren

Journal Articles

1. Villafana, TE; Brown, WP; Delaney, JK; Palmer, M; Warren, WS; Fischer, MC, Femtosecond pump-probe microscopy generates virtual cross-sections in historic artwork, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 111 no. 5 (February, 2014), pp. 1708-1713, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, ISSN 0027-8424 [doi]
   (last updated on 2026/01/14)

   Abstract:
   Significance We show that a nonlinear microscopy technique (femtosecond pump-probe microscopy) allows for nondestructive 3D imaging of paintings with molecular and structural contrast. Until now, studying the layering structure of a painting has generally required the physical removal of a cross-section sample. Pump-probe imaging has previously been shown on biological tissue, but applications to cultural heritage are more challenging: the variety of pigments in the artist’s palate is enormous compared with the biological pigments present in skin. Nonetheless, we show virtual cross-sectioning capabilities in mockup paintings and nondestructive imaging on an intact 14th century painting. This work represents a comprehensive collaborative effort between laser and biomedical imaging experts and scientists and conservators in national museums.