Publications [#385198] of Tamar Kushnir

Chapters in Books

1. Wente, A; Zhao, X; Gopnik, A; Kang, C; Kushnir, T "The Developmental and Cultural Origins of Our Beliefs about Self-Control." Surrounding Self Control. January, 2020: 47-64. [doi]
   (last updated on 2026/01/16)

   Abstract:
   Self-control is quite difficult—sometimes people are successful, but frequently they are not. So why do people believe that they can choose, by their own free will, to exercise self-control? This chapter summarizes recent research exploring the cultural and developmental origins of beliefs about self-control and free will. It discusses how two factors contribute to the development of children’s beliefs about self-control: culture and first-person experiences. The authors’ studies of four-to eight-year-old children (N = 441; mean age = 5.96 years; range = 3.92–8.90 years) from China, Singapore, Peru, and the United States indicate that self-control beliefs differ across cultures, and that, comparatively, US children hold intuitions that they can freely choose to exercise self-control. Additionally, evidence indicates that the experience of self-control failure impacts beliefs about free will in US children, but that these experience effects are not culturally universal.