Publications [#270567] of James R. Bettman

Journal Articles

1. Wood, SL; Bettman, JR, Predicting happiness: How normative feeling rules influence (and even reverse) durability bias, Journal of Consumer Psychology, vol. 17 no. 3 (January, 2007), pp. 188-201, WILEY, ISSN 1057-7408 [doi]
   (last updated on 2025/12/31)

   Abstract:
   Consumers' purchase decisions are often influenced by a simple assessment of how long they expect an anticipated purchase (e.g., buying a sports car or a new outfit) will make them happy. Unfortunately, affective forecasts are prone to durability bias (i.e., the overestimation of the duration of felt emotions in response to a future event). Here, this article suggests that normative beliefs, or "feeling rules," often underlie emotion forecasts. This account suggests that affective forecasts can be influenced by external normative communications and that conditions exist where affect duration may be underestimated rather than overestimated - thus demonstrating a reversal of durability bias. Such reversals occur when existing norms advocate attenuated emotional responses (e.g., one should not be overly impacted by minor setbacks or small imperfections). This article discusses how marketers can influence consumers' happiness forecasts by modifying salient norms for consumer groups or product categories. Copyright © 2007, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.